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SMITHSONIAN

/i

CONTRIBUTIONS TO KNOWLEDGE.

VOL. IV.

JITCKT MAN IS A VALUABLE KEKBEB OF SOCIETY, WHO, BY HIS OBSERVATIONS, BKSEABCHES, AND EXPEniMENTS, PROCUHKS
« ■ KNOWLEDGE FOB MEN. — SmITHSON.

CITY OF WASHINGTON:
PUBLISHED BY THE SMIT H S ONI AN-'IN STITUTION.

MDCCCIII.

'^'v'^

"^V

ADVERTISEMENT.

This volume forms the fourth of a series, composed of original memoirs on dif-
ferent branches of knowledge, published at the expense, and under the direction, of
the Smithsonian Institution. The publication of this series forms part of a general
plan adopted for carrying into effect the benevolent intentions of James Smithson,
Esq., of 'England. This gentleman left his property in trust to the United States
of America, to found at Washington an institution which should bear his own
name, and have for its objects the ^'■increase and diffusion of knowledge among
men." This trust was accepted by the Government of the United States, and an
Act of Congress was passed August 10th, 1846, constituting the President and the
other principal executive officers of the general government, the Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court, the Mayor of Washington, and such other persons as they might
elect, honorary members, an establishment under the name of the " Smithsonian
Institution for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." The
members and honorary members of this establishment are to hold stated and special
meetings for the supervision of the affairs of the Institution, and for the advice
and instruction of a Board of Regents, to whom the financial and other affairs are
entrusted.

The Board of Eegents consists of three members ex officio of the establishment,
namely, the Vice-President of the United States, the Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court, and the Mayor of Washington, together with twelve other members, three of
whom are appointed by the Senate from its own body, three by the House of
Representatives from its members, and six persons appointed by a joint resolution
of both houses. To this board is given the power of electing a Secretary and other
officers, for conducting the active operations of the Institution.

To carry into effect the purposes of the testator, the plan of organization evi-
dently should embrace two objects — one, the increase of knowledge by the addition
of new truths to the existing stock; the other, the diffusion of knowledge, thus
increased, among men. No restriction is made in favor of any kind of knowledge,
and hence each branch is entitled to, and should receive, a share of attention.

iv ADVEETISEMENT.

The Act of Congress, establishing the Institution, directs as a part of the plan of
organization, the formation of a Library, a Museum, and a Gallery of Art, together
with provisions for physical research and popular lectures, while it leaves to the
Regents the power of adopting such other parts of an organization as they may
deem best suited to promote the objects of the bequest.

After much deliberation, the Regents resolved to divide the annual income into
two equal parts — one part to be devoted to the increase and diffusion of knowledge
by means of original research and publications — the pther half of the income to be
applied in accordance with the requirements of the Act of Congress, to the gradual
formation of a Library, a Museum, and a Gallery of Art.

The following are the details of the two parts of the general plan of organization
provisionally adopted at the meeting of the Regents, Dec. 8th, 1847.

DETAILS OF THE FIRST PART OF THE PLAN.

I. To INCREASE Knowledge. — It is proposed to stimulate research, hy offering
rewards for original memoirs on all subjects of investigation.

1. The memoirs thus obtained, to be published in a series of volumes, in a quarto
form, and entitled " Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge."

2. No memoir, on subjects of physical science, to be accepted for publication,
which does not furnish a positive addition to human knowledge, resting on original
research; and all unverified speculations to be rejected.

3. Each memoir presented to the Institution, to be submitted for examination to
a commission of persons of reputation for learning in the branch to which the
memoir pertains ; and to be accepted for publication only in case the report of this
commission is favorable.

4. The commission to be chosen by the officers of the Institution, and the name
of the author, as far as practicable, concealed, unless a favorable decision be made.

5. The volumes of the memoirs to be exchanged for the Transactions of literary
and scientific societies, and copies to be given to all the colleges, and principal libra-
ries, in this country. One part of the remaining copies may be offered for sale; and
the other carefully preserved, to form complete sets of the work, to supply the
demand from new institutions.

6. An abstract, or popular account, of the contents of these memoirs to be given
to the public, through the annual report of the Regents to Congress.

ADVERTISEMENT. v

II. To INCREASE Knowledge. — It is also proposed to appropriate a portion of the
income, annually, to special objects of research, under tlie direction of suitable per-
sons.

1. The objects, and the amount appropriated, to be recommended by counsellors
of the Institution.

2. Appropriations in different years to different objects; so that, in course of time,
each branch of knowledge may receive a share.

3. The results obtained from these appropriations to be published, with the
memoirs before mentioned, in the volumes of the Smithsonian Contributions to
Knowledge.

4. Examples of objects for which appropriations may be made : —

(1.) System of extended meteorological observations for solving the problem of
American storms.

(2.) Explorations in descriptive natural history, and geological, mathematical,
and topographical surveys, to collect materials for the formation of. a Physical Atlas
of the United States.

(3.) Solution of experimental problems, such as a new determination of the
weight of the earth, of the velocity of electricity, and of light; chemical analyses of
soils and plants ; collection and publication of articles of science, accumulated in
the oflBces of Government.

(4.) Institution of statistical inquiries with reference to physical, moral, and
political subjects.

(5.) Historical researches, and accurate surveys of places celebrated in American
history.

(6.) Ethnological researches, particularly with reference to the different races of
men in North America; also explorations, and accurate surveys, of the mounds and
other remains of the ancient people of our country.

I. To DIFFUSE Knowledge. — It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an
account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made frmn year to year
in all branches of knoioledge not strictly professional.

1. Some of these reports may be published annually, others at longer intervals,
as the income of the Institution or the changes in the branches of knowledge may
indicate.

2. The reports are to be prepared by collaborators, eminent in the different
branches of knowledge.

vi ADVEKTISEMENT.

3. Each collaborator to be furnished with the journals and publications, domestic
and foreign, necessary to the compilation of his report; to be paid a certain sum for
his labors, and to be named on the title-page of the report.

4. The reports to be published in separate parts, so that persons interested in a
particular branch, can procure the parts relating to it without purchasing the
whole.

5. These reports may be presented to Congress, for partial distribution, the
remaining copies to be given to literary and scientific institutions, and sold to indi-
viduals for a moderate price.

The following are some of the subjects which may he embraced in ilie reports : —

I. PHYSICAL CLASS.

1. Physics, including astronomy, natural philosophy, chemistry, and meteorology.

2. Natural history, including botany, zoology, geology, &c.

3. Agriculture.

4. Application of science to arts.

II. MORAL AND POLITICAL CLASS.

5. Ethnology, including particular history, comparative philology, antiquities, &c.

6. Statistics and political economy.

7. Mental and moral philosophy.

8. A survey of the political events of the world; penal reform, &c.

III. LITERATURE AND THE FINE ARTS.

9. Modern literature.

10. The fine arts, and their application to the useful arts.

11. Bibliography.

12. Obituary notices of distinguished individuals.

II. To DIFFUSE Knowledge. — It is proposed to publish occasionally separate treatises

on subjects of general interest.

1. These treatises may consist of valuable memoirs translated from foreign lan-
guages, or of articles prepared under the direction of the Institution, or be pro-
cured by offering premiums for the best exposition of a given subject.

2. The treatises to be submitted to a commission of competent judges, previous
to their publication.

ADVERTISEMENT. to

DETAILS OF THE SECOND PART OF THE PLAN OF ORGANIZATION.

This part contemplates the formation of a Library, a Museum, and a Gallery of
Art.

1. To carry out the plan before described, a library will be required, consisting,
1st, of a complete collection of the transactions and proceedings of all the learned
societies in the world; 2d, of the more important current periodical publications,
and other works necessary in preparing the periodical reports.

2. The Institution should make special collections, particularly of objects to
verify its own publications. Also a collection of instruments of research in all
branches of experimental science.

3. With reference to the collection of books, other than those mentioned above,
catalogues of all the different libraries in the United States should be procured, in
order that the valuable books first purchased may be such as are not to be found
elsewhere in the United States.

4. Also catalogues of memoirs, and of books in foreign libraries, and other
materials, should be collected, for rendering the Institution a centre of bibliograr
phical knowledge, whence the student may be directed to any work which he may
require.

5. It is believed that the collections in natural history will increase by donation,
as rapidly as the income of the Institution can make provision for their reception,
and, therefore, it will seldom be necessary to purchase any article of this kind.

6. Attempts should be made to procure for the gallery of art, casts of the most
celebrated articles of ancient and modern sculpture.

7. The arts may be encouraged, by providing a room, free of expense, for the
exhibition of the objects of the Art-Union, and other similar societies.

8. A small appropriation should annually be made for models of antiquity, such
as those of the remains of ancient temples, &c.

9. The Secretary and his assistants, during the session of Congress, will be
required to illustrate new discoveries in science, and to exhibit new objects of art;
distinguished individuals should also be invited to give lectures on subjects of
general interest.

In accordance with the rules adopted in the programme of organization, each
memoir in this volume has been favorably reported on by a commission appointed

Tiii ADVERTISEMENT.

for its examination. It is however impossible, in most cases, to verify the state-
ments of an author, and, therefore, neither the Commission nor the Institution can
be responsible for more than the general character of a memoir.

The following rules have been adopted for the distribution of the quarto volumes
of the Smithsonian Contributions.

1. They are to be presented to all learned societies which publish Transactions,
and give copies of these, in exchange, to the Institution.

2. Also, to all foreign libraries of the first class, provided they give in exchange
their catalogues or other publications, or an equivalent from their duplicate volumes.

3. To all the colleges in actual operation in this country, provided they furnish,
in return, meteorological observations, catalogues of their libraries and of their
students, and all other publications issued by them relative to their organization
and history.

4. To all States and Territories, provided there be given, in return, copies of all
documents published under their authority.

5. To all incorporated public libraries in this country, not included in any of
the foregoing classes, now containing more than 7000 volumes; and to smaller
libraries, where a whole State or large district would be otherwise un supplied.

OFFICERS

OF THE

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,

Ex, officio PRESIDING OFFICER OF THE INSTITUTION.

THE VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,

Ex officio SECOND PRESIDING OFFICER.

ROGER B. TANEY,

CHANCELLOR OF THE INSTITUTION.

JOSEPH HENRY,

SECRETARY OF THE INSTITUTION.

CHARLES C. JEWETT,

ASSISTANT SECRETARY, IN CHARGE OF THE LIBRARY.

SPENCER F. BAIRD,

ASSISTANT SECRETARY, IN CHARGE OF THE MUSEUM.

EDWARD FOREMAN,

GENERAL ASSISTANT.

W. W. SEATON, Treasurer.

ALEXANDER D. BACHE, ^

JAMES A. PEARCE, I Executive Committee.

JOSEPH G. TOTTEN. J

REGENTS.

Vice-President of the United States.

EOGER B. Tanet, Chief Justice of the United States.

Walter Lenox, Mayor of the City of Washington.

James A. Pearce, Member of the Senate of the United States.

Jefferson Davis, " " " " " "

James M. Mason, « « « " " "

Graham N. Fitch, Member of tlie House of Representatives U. S.

William F. Colcock, « " « " " "

James Meacham, " « " " « «

EuFUS Choate, Citizen of Massachusetts.

Gideon Hawlet, " of New York.

William C. Preston, "of South Carolina.

Richard Rush, " of Pennsylvania.

Alexander D. Bache, Memher of Nat. Inst., Washington.

Joseph G. Totten, " " "

MEMBERS EX OFFICIO OF THE INSTITUTION.

Millard Fillmore, President of the United States.

Vice-President of the United States.

Daniel Webster, ........ Secretary of State.

Thomas Corwin, . Secretary of tlie Treasury.

Charles M. Conrad, Secretary of War.

"William A. Graham, Secretary of the Navy.

Nathan K. Hall, Postmaster- General.

John J. Crittenden, Attorney- General.

Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of the United States.

Thomas Ewbank, Commissioner of Patents.

Walter Lenox, Mayor of the City of Washington.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

Robert Hare, Benjamin Silliman,

Washington Irving, Albert Gallatin.*

(* Deceased.)

GMMMAK AND DICTIONARY

OF THE

DAKOTA LANGUAGE.

COLLECTEB

BY THE MEMBERS OF THE DAKOTA MISSION.

BY REV. S. R. RIGGS, A.M.,

MISSIONARY OF THE AM. BOARD OF COM. FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS.

UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MINNESOTA.

ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION

BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,

DECEMBER, 1S51.

R. CSAISHBAD, Printer and SttrtBtyftr,
53 VssxT Stbht, N. V.

NOTICE

This work has been recommended, as an interesting addition to philology and
ethnology, by the Minnesota Historical Society, the members of which have
contributed funds to defray a part of the expense of publication. It has also
received the approbation and support of the American Board of Conmiissioners
for Foreign Missions, and, in conformity with the rule adopted by the Smithsonian
Institution, has been submitted to a commission of examination, consisting of
W. W. Turner, Esq., and Prof C. C. Felton.

In return for the pecuniary assistance rendered, an extra number of copies have
been struck off for the use of the Historical Society and the Dakota Mission.

Joseph Henry,

Washington, June 1, 1852. Secretary S. I.

PREFACE.

The preparation of this volume may be regarded as one of the contributions to
science made by the great Missionary enterprise of the present age. It was not
premeditated, but has been a result altogether incidental to our work. Our object
was to preach the Gospel to the Dakotas in their own language, and to teach them
to read and write the same, until their circumstances should be so changed as to
enable them to learn the English. Hence we were led to study their language and
to endeavor to arrive at a knowledge of its principles.

About eighteen years ago, Messrs. S. W. and G. H. Pond, from Washington,
Conn., took up their residence among the Indians of the Minnesota Valley. In the
summer following Dr. T. S. Williamson and his associates, from Ohio, under the
direction of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, reached
the same country. They immediately commenced the labor of collecting and
ascertaining the meaning of Dakota words.

In the summer of 1837 we joined the mission and engaged in the same labors.
Others who reached the country at a later period have rendered much assistance,
among whom it is but just to mention the late Rev. Robert Hopkins, of Traverse
des Sioux.

In prosecuting this work we have at all times availed ourselves of the best native
assistance ; but during the first years of our residence among them, the natives did
not know enough to give us the help we needed. If we required the meaning of a
word, as, for example, ka^ka (to bind), the reply generally was, "It means 'ka^ka,'
and cannot mean any thing else." It is related of Hennepin, that while a captive
among these Indians, on a certain occasion he ran off a little distance, and then,
running back again, inquired of the braves who sat near, what they called that. In
trying to learn the meaning of Dakota words we have often been obliged to adopt
similar expedients.

The preparation of the Dakota-English part of the Dictionary for the press,
containing more than sixteen thousand words, occupied all the time I could spare
from my other missionary employments for more than a year. The labor
bestowed on the English-Dakota part was performed partly by Mrs. Riggs.

A manuscript Grammar of the language, written by the Rev. S. W. Pond, was
kindly furnished to aid in the preparation of this work; but as it was not
received in New York until midwinter, it has been used only in the latter part.
Since my arrival in this city, the Grammar has been entirely remodelled and

XIV PREFACE.

rewritten, according to the suggestions and under the direction of Mr. Wm. W,
Turner, of the Union Theological Seminary of New York. Of this gentleman's
labors in connexion with this work I cannot speak too highly. Not only has he, by
his eminent literary qualifications, been able to render valuable assistance in the
way of suggestion and criticism, but he has also read with great care the proof-
sheets, especially of the Grammar, that nothing might be wanting to make the work,
under the circumstances, as perfect as possible. It is proper also to mention the
name of Mr. Wm. H. Smith, of New York, who assisted in the revision of the
latter .half of the Dictionary, in the absence of Mr. Turner.

About the 1st of January, 1851, a prospectus was issued at St. Paul, under the
sanction of the Historical Society of Minnesota, to publish the work by subscription,
and in this many of the most prominent citizens of the Territory manifested much
interest. Among the larger subscriptions may be mentioned those of Governor
Alexander Ramsey, Hon. H. H. Sibley, Hon. Martin McLeod, Rev. E. D.
Neill, and H. M. Rice, Esq. The Prudential Committee of the American
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions also made an appropriation for the
same object, besides another for defraying the necessary expenses of superintending
the press.

These provisions, though liberal, considering the circumstances under which
they were made, were not sufficient to warrant the commencement of the publica-
tion ; and being informed, in answer to a letter addressed to Professor Joseph
Henry, LL.D., that the work, on certain conditions, mights probably be accepted
as one of the Contributions to Knowledge of the Smithsonian Institution, it was
concluded to present it for that purpose. After passing the prescribed examination,
it was accepted by the Institution and directed to be printed.

With the manner in which the work has been brought out, its friends will I trust
be fully satisfied. Neither pains nor expense has been spared in the publication.
The plan had already been followed, in the books printed in the language, of using
the vowels with the sounds which they have in Italian and German, and of repre-
senting each articulation by a single character. In the present work a few changes
have been introduced into the orthography, for the sake of expressing some of the
sounds in a manner more perspicuous and consistent with analogy, and more in
accordance with the system of notation which is now becoming general among
scientific philologists in Europe. It was necessary in consequence to rearrange a
great many of the articles in the manuscript Dictionary, and to have a number of
new punches made.

With the hope that it may be the means of interesting some in behalf of the
Dakotas, of perpetuating memorials of their language, and affording, to some extent,
the means of arriving at correct conclusions in regard to their origin, this work,
the result of years of toil, is submitted to the kind regards of its generous
patrons.

Stephen R. Riggs.

New York City, 1852.

OTE0DI]CTI0?(.

The nation of the Sioux Indians, or Dakotas, as they call themselves, is supposed to number about
twenty-Jive thousand. They are scattered over an immense territory, extending from the Mississippi river
on the east to the Black Hills on the west, and from the mouth of the Big Sioux river on the south to
Devil's Lake on the north. Early in the winter of 1837, they ceded to the United States all their land
lying on the eastern side of the Mississippi ; and this tract at present forms the settled portion of Minnesota.
During the summer of 1851, the Commissioner of Indian Afl'airs, with Gov. Ramsey of Minnesota,
negotiated with the Dakotas of the Mississippi and Minnesota or Saint Peter's Valley, for all their land
lying east of a line running from Otter-tail Lake through Lake Traverse {Lac Travers) to the junction of
the Big Sioux river with the Missouri ; the Indians retaining for their own settlements a reservation on
the upper Minnesota, twenty miles wide and about one hundred and forty long. This purchase includes
all the wooded lands belonging to the Dakotas, and extends, especially on the south side of the Minnesota
river, some distance into the almost boundless Prairie of the West. Beyond this, the Indians follow the
buifaloes, which, although evidently diminishing in numbers, still range in vast herds over the prairies.
This animal furnishes the Indian with food and clothing, and a house, and, during the summer, with the
" hois de vache " for fuel. In the winter these sons of the prairie are obliged to pitch their tents at or in
the little clustei-s of wood, which here and there skirt the margins of the streams and lakes.

Their name, the Dakotas say, means leagued or allied ; and they sometimes speak of themselves as
the 'Oceti sakowii),' Seven council fires. These are the seven principal bands which compose the tribe
or nation ; viz. :

1. The Mdewakai)toi)\var)s, Village of the Spirit Lake. Their name is derived from a former resi-
■ dence at Mdewakai) {Spirit or Sacred Lake), Mille Lacs, which are in the country now claimed by the

Ojibwas. They are divided into seven principal villages, three of which are still on the western bank of
the Mississippi, and the others on or near the Minnesota, within twenty-five or thirty miles of Fort Snelling.
This portion of the Dakota people have received annuities since the year 1838 ; and their number, as now
enrolled, is about two thousand. They plant corn and other vegetables, and some of them have made
a little progress in civilization.

2. The Walipekutes, Leaf-shooters. It is not now known from what circumstance the Wahpekutes
received their name. They are at present a roving band of about five or six hundred, laying claim to the
country on Cannon river, the head waters of the Blue Earth, and westward.

3. The Wahpetoqwaqs, Village in the Leaves, probably obtained their name from the fact that
formerly they lived only in the woods. The old home of this band is about the Little Rapids, which
is some forty-five miles by water from the mouth of the Minnesota river. About three hundred still reside
there ; but the larger part of the band have removed to Lac-qui-parle and Big Stone Lake. In all, they
number about one thousand or twelve hundred souls. They all plant com, more or less ; and at Lac-qui-
parle, one of the Mission stations occupied by the American Board of Commissionei-s for Foreign Missions,
they have made some progress in learning to read and write their own language, and have substituted, to
some extent, the use of the plough for the hoe.

4. The Sisitoijwaijs, Village of the Marsh. What the meaning of 'sisi ' is, we have not been able to
ascertain satisfactorily, as we do not find it in any other combination in the language as now used. But
Mr. Joseph Renville, now deceased, who was half Dakota, and considered as the highest authority in

XVI INTRODUCTION.

matters pertaining to the language, said that ' sisiq ' was formerly used to designate a marsh or dough on
the prairie. The Marsh Village Dakotas occupy the Minnesota Valley, from Traverse des Sioux to Little
Rock, claiming the Swan Lake country on the one side, and the Blue Earth on the other. But the
great body of the Sisitoi)war)s have gone north and west, and now make their corn-fields about Lake
Traverse and on the Coteau des Prairies. They are supposed to number about twenty-jive hundred, and
depend mainly upon the buffalo for a subsistence.

These Mississippi and Minnesota Dakotas are called, by those on the Missouri, Isaijties, from ' isaijati '
or ' isaijyati ;' which name seems to have been given them from the fact that they once lived at
Isai)tamde, Knife Lake, one of those included under the denomination of Mille Lacs.

5. The Ihai)ktoi)wai)na, one of the End Village bands, are estimated at four hundred lodges, or four
thousand souls. The Dakota tents on the Minnesota do not average more than about six inmates ; but
on the prairie, where, though the material for the manufacture of tents is abundant, tent-poles are scarce,
they make their dwellings larger, and average, it is thought, about ten persons to a lodge. The Ihaijktoi)-
warina are divided into the Huijkpatidaijs (the signification of which is not apparent) ; the Pabakse,
Cut-heads ; the Wazikute, Pine-shooters ; and the Kiyuksa, Dividers or Breakers of Law. Their range
is alonf the James River, and on the north-east side of the Missouri, up as far as the Devil's Lake. From
the Wazikute branch of this band the Assiniboins, or ' Holie ' of the Dakotas, are said to have sprung.

6. The Ihar)ktoi)wafls, Village at the End, are estimated at about two hundred and forty lodges, or
two thousand four hundred persons. As a general thing, they are now found west of the Missouri.
These two bands have usually been designated by travellers under the name of ' Yanctons.'

7. The Titoi)war)s, Village of the Prairie, are supposed to constitute about one half of the whole
Dakota tribe, numbering, as they say, about twelve hundred and fifty lodges, or twelve thousand five
hundred souls. The great probability is, that they are over estimated. They live on the western side
of the Missouri, and take within their range the Black Hills. With the Shyennes and Kiccarees, it
is said, they have formed marriage alliances, and are at war with the Pawnees and others. The
Titoi)war)s have never planted corn, with the exception of a few families, and they were connected
by marriage with white people. They are divided into seven bands or clans; viz. the Sicarigu, Burnt-
Thighs ; the Itazipco, Bow-pith ; the Sihasapa, Black-feet ; the Minikaijye wozupi. Those who Plant by
the Water ; the Oohenoqpa, Two-boilings ; and the Oglala and Iluijkpapa, the meanings of which
names have not been ascertained.

The more recent migration of the Dakotas has been from north-east to south-west and west. This
appears from the names Mdewakaritoijwai) and Isaijati, before mentioned. Besides, there are Dakotas
still living who remember when the Ihaijktoflwa^jna were occupants of Lac-qui-parle and other points on
the upper Minnesota, from which fact they probably derived their name, as being at the end of the
stream. At that time the Sisitoqwaijs were all below, in the great bend of the Saint Peter's ; the
Wahpetoqwaqs and the Wahpekutes were inhabitants of the Big Woods and the lower part of the
Minnesota Valley ; the Mdewakaijtoriwaijs were on the eastern side of the Mississippi ; and the Titoi)wai)S
had probably not crossed to the west of the Missouri.

Questions of priority and precedence among these bands are sometimes discussed. The Mdewa-
kar)toi)wai)s think that the mouth of the Minnesota river is precisely over the centre of the earth, and
that they occupy the gate that opens into the western world. These considerations serve to give them
importance in their own estimation. On the other hand the Sisitoqwaqs and Ihai)ktor)wai)s allege, that
as they live on the great water-shed of this part of the continent, from which the streams run northward
and eastward and southward and westward, thsy must be about the centre of the earth ; and they urge
this fact as entitling them to the precedence. It is singular that the Titoi)wai)s, who are much the
largest band of the Dakotas, do not appear to claim the chief place for themselves, but yield to the
pretensions of the Ihaqktoijwaijs, whom they call by the name of Wiciyela, which, in its meaning, may
be regarded as about equivalent to ' they are the people.'

As the main object of this work has been to place before the student what is known about the
Dakota language, it is only necessary here to add a few remarks in reference to some points of
interest which are not fully brought out elsewhere.

In the language, as spoken by the different bands of those properly denominated Dakotas, some
differences exist. The intercourse between the Mdewakai)toqwai)s on the Mississippi and lower Minnesota,
and the Wahpetoi)war|s, Wahpekutes, and a part of the Sisitoijwai) family, has been so constant, that but
slight variations are discoverable in their manner of speaking. In some instances where the Wahpetoij-

INTRODTJCTION. XVU

wai)s use d, some of the Mdewakai)tor)wai)s so modify the sound that it hecomes t ; and where the former
use h, the hitter sometimes employ n. As a matter of course, some few words have currency in one band
which are not used, perhaps not generally known, by the othere ; but none of the dialectical variations
are of such a kind as to impede the free intercourse of thought. The Sisitor)wai)s of Lake Traverse
and the prairies present more differences in their speech. One of the most marked of these is their use
of ' na ' for ' dai),' the diminutive termination. As there is less frequent intercourse between them and the
Isaqties, their provincialisms are more numerous ; and from their connexions with the Ihai)ktoi)wai)s of
the prairie, they have adopted some of their forms of speech. The chief peculiarity of the Ihaijktoijwai)
dialect, as compared with that of the Dakotas of the Minnesota, is the almost universal substitution of k
for h. The Titoqwai) dialect exhibits more striking differences. In it, g hard is used for h of the Isaqties
and k of the Ihaqktoijwaijs, and rejecting d altogether, they use I in its stead. ]5y the bands of Dakotas
east of James river, hard g is not heard except as final in some syllables where contraction has taken
place, and / does not occur. Thus, to illustrate the foregoing, ' daqpahmihma,' a cart or waggon, of the
Wahpetoqwai)s, becomes ' oaqpanminma ' in the mouth of a Mdewakaijtoqwai), ' caqpakmikma' in that
of an Ihaqktoqwai), and ' caqpagmigma' with a Titoqwaq. ' Hda,' to go home, of the Isaqties, is 'kda'
in the Ihaqktoqwaq dialect, and 'gla' in the Titoqwaq. Many words, too, are entirely different, as for
example, ' isaq,' a A;m/e ; the Titoqwaqs say ' milla,' and the Ihaqktoqwaqs, 'miqna.' Isaqtaqka, the
name by which the people of the United States are designated on the Mississippi and Minnesota, becomes
Miqnahaqska and Millahaqska on the Missouri.

In the arrangement of words in a sentence, the Dakota language may be regarded as eminently primi-
tive and natural. The sentence, ' Give me bread,' a Dakota transposes to ' Aguyapi maku ye,' Bread me
give. Such is the genius of the language, that in translating a sentence or verse from the Bible, it is generally
necessary to commence, not at the beginning, but at the end ; and such, too, is the common practice of their
best interpreters. Where the person who is speaking leaves off, there they commence, and proceed
backwards to the beginning. In this way the connexion of the sentences is more easily retained in the
mind, and more naturally evolved. There are, however, some cases in which this method cannot be
followed. In a logical argument, if the conclusion is first translated, it will, in some cases, need to be
repeated after the premises', but the therefore which connects the conclusion to the premises, very
frequently, in Mr. Renville's translations, comes after the conclusion. This method of expressing ideas, so
entirely different from that to which our mirlds have been accustomed, makes it difficult ta learn to
thinkJu-JJakota.

Sacred Language. — The Dakota conjurer, the war-prophet, and the dreamer, experience the same
need that is felt by more elaborate performers among other nations, of a language which is unintelligible
to the common people, for the purpose of impressing upon them the idea of their superiority. Their
dreams, according to their own account, are revelations made from the spirit-world, and their prophetic
visions are what they saw and knew in a former state of existence. It is, then, only natural that their
dreams and visions should be clothed in words many of which the multitude do not understand. This
sacred language is not very extensive, since the use of a few unintelligible words suffices to make
a whole speech incomprehensible. It may be said to consist, first, in employing words as the names
of things which seem to have been introduced from other Indian languages ; as, nide, water ; paza, wood,
&c. In the second place, it consists in employing descriptive expressions, instead of the ordinary names
of things ; as in calling a man a biped, and the wolf a quadruped. And thirdly, words which are
common in the language are used far out of their ordinary signification ; as, hepaq, the second child, if a
hoy, is used to designate the otter. When the Dakota braves ask a white man for an ox or cow, they
generally call it a dog ; and when a sachem begs a horse from a white chief, ho does it under the
designation of moccasins. This is the source of many of the figures of speech in Indian oratory ; but
they are sometimes too obscure to bo beautiful.

The Dakotas can hardly bo said to know any thing about poetry. A few words make a long
song, for the ' Hi-hi-hi-hi-hi ' is only now and then interrupted by the enunciation of words. Sometimes
their war-songs are so highly figurative that their meaning is just the opposite of what the expressions
used would naturally convey. To a young man who has acted very bravely, by killing an enemy and
taking his scalp, they say, " Friend, thou art a fool : thou hast let the Ojibwas strike thee." This is
understood to be the highest form of eulogy.

The mourning song of Black-hoy for his grandson, published in the Dakota Friend by Rev. G. H. Pond,
will illustrate the abounding repetition of the same thought expressed in the same words, in their songs.
" The unearthliness of the scene," says Mr. Pond, " cannot be described, as, in the twilight of the morning,
while the mother of the deceased boy, whose name was Makadutawiq, Red-Earth- Woman, was wailing

XVIU INTRODUCTION.

in a manner which would excite tlie sympathies of the hardest heart, Hoksidaq-sapa, Black-boy, standing
on the brow of a hill, addressed himself to the ghostly inhabitants of the spirit-world, in ghostly notes, as
follows : —

' Koda, ahitoijwai) yaqka wo ;

Koda, ahitoijwar) yarjka wo ;

Koda, ahitoijwai) yaijka wo;

Hoksidaq-sapa takozakpaku wai) u do.

Eyapi nuqwe.'

Friend, pause and look this way ;
Friend, pause and look this way ;
Friend, pause and look this way ;
Say ye,
A grandson of Black-boy is coming."

Dakota Method of Counting. — Counting is usually done by means of their fingers. If you ask some
Dakotas how many there are of any thing, instead of directing their answer to your organs of hearing,
they present it to your sight, by holding up so many fingers. When they have gone over the fingers and
thumbs of both hands, one is temporarily turned down for one ten. Eleven is ten more one, or more
commonly af/ain one ; iwelue is affain two, and so on ; nineteen is th". other nine. At the end of the next
ten another finger is turned down, and so on. Twenty is ttco tens, thirty is three tens, etc., as will be seen
by referring to the section on Numeral Adjectives in the Grammar. Opawirige, one hundred, is probably
derived from pawiqga, to c/o round in circles or to make gyrations, as the fingers have been all gone over
again for their respective tens. The Dakota word for a thousand, kektopawirige, may be formed of 'ake'
and 'opawiqge,' hundreds again, having now completed the circle of their fingere in hundreds, and being
about to commence again. They have no separate word to denote any higher number than a thousand.
There is a word to designate one half of any thing, but none to denote any smaller aliquot part.

Counting Time. — The Dakotas have names for the natural divisions of time. Their years they
ordinarily count by winters. A man is so many winters old, or so many winters have passed since such
an event. When one is going on a journey, he does not usually say that he will be back in so many days,
as we do, but in so many nights or sleeps. In the same way they compute distance by the number of
nights passed in making the journey. They have no division of time into weeks. Their months are literally
moons. The popular belief is that when the moon is full, a great number of very small mice commence
nibbling on one side of it, which they continue to do until they have eaten it all up. Soon after this
another moon begins to grow, which goes on increasing until it has reached its full size only lo share
the fate of its predecessor ; so that with them the new moon is really new, and not the old one
re-appearing. To the moons they have given names, which refer to some prominent physical fiict that
occurs about that time in the year. ■ For the names of the moons most commonly used by the Dakotas
living in the Valley of the Minnesota, with their significations and the months to which they most nearly
correspond, the reader is referred to the word ' wi,' Part I. of the Dictionary.

Five moons are usually counted to the winter, and five to the summer, leaving only one each to the
spring and autumn ; but this distinction is not closely adhered to. The Dakotas often have very warm
debates, especially towards the close of the winter, about what moon it is. The raccoons do not always
make their appearance at the same time every winter ; and the causes which produce sore eyes are not
developed precisely at the same time in each successive spring. All these variations make room for strong
arguments in a Dakota tent for or against Wicata-wi or Istawidayazar)-wi. But the main reason for their
frequent difi^erence of opinion in regard to this matter, viz. that twelve lunations do not bring them to the
point from which they commenced counting, never appears to have suggested itself. In order to make
their moons coreespond with the seasons, they are obliged to pass over one every few years.

Beligion. — This subject can only be referred to briefly. The Dakotas have, indeed, " gods many "
— their imaginations have peopled both the visible and invisible world with mysterious or spiritual
beings, who are continually exerting themselves in reference to the human family, either for weal
or woe. These spiritual existences inhabit every thing, and, consequently, almost every thing is an object
of worship. On the same occasion, a Dakota dances in religious homage to the sun and moon, and
spreads out his hands in prayer to a painted stone ; and he finds it necessary to ofier sacrifices more
frequently to the Bad-spirit than to the Great-spirit. He has his god of the north and god of the south,
his god of the woods and god of the prairie, his god of the air and god of the waters. No one can witness

INTRODUCTION. ^ XUC

the religious ceremonies of this people without being deeply impressed with the fact, that what Paul said of
the Athenians is true, to a very great extent, of the Dakotas, xarol -ravra us SsKSiSaifLovsiTs^oi, in all
things very worshipful. It will not, then, be regarded as an unnecessary work, to make known to
such a people the God who made the earth and all things therein, and who has appointed a day in the
which he will judge the world in righteousness, by that Man whom he hath ordained, even the Lord
Jesus Christ.

That the aboriginal tribes of this continent are destined to become extinct, and that consequently
there is little reason to hope that any thing can be done for their permanent good, seems to be a very
common impression. In regard to this point there are a few questions which deserve to be noticed briefly.

First, it must be conceded, as a matter of history, that many tribes and bands which once inhabited
the country now occupied by the people of these United States have greatly diminished, and some of them
have disappeared altogether. War, and 'spirit-water,' and the diseases introduced among them by the
white people, have wrought out their legitimate efl'ects. A different course of treatment would undoubtedly
have greatly modified or entirely changed the character of these results. But, admitting the woret in
regard to the past, an interesting question here presents itself, viz. : How far has the diminution of the
Indians, as such, served to increase the numbers of our own white population ?

Secondly, in reference to the question of decrease, there are some sources of deception of which most
persons do not setm to be aware. The Dakotas, for instance, twenty yeafs ago, were supposed to number
thirty thousand ; but our investigations have led us to estimate them at twenty-five thousand. If, twenty
years from this time, it shall appear that they do not number more than twenty thousand (which may be
the case), the natural inference will undoubtedly be that they have been decreasing. But we think there
is evidence to show that this has not been and is not now the fact. Where an account of the births and
deaths has been kept at a village, it is found that the former usually exceed the latter. If it is asked,
' Whence then comes this supposed diminution of numbers V I answer, from the fact that in most if not
all "cases the wild Indians have been greatly over-estimated. It has been found not only difficult,
but oftentimes impossible, to take a correct census of those bands who receive annuities from the
United States Government. But the difficulty is greatly increased when we go into their camps on
the great prairies of the West. The traveller finds them very sensibly impressed with their own numerical
importance, and not unfrequently has his gravity disturbed by the question, whether the Government of
the United States would not probably be defeated in case of a collision with them, lie also finds much
opposition to his making any systematic efforts to ascertain their real numbers. The only practicable
method one can adopt is to count their tipis, or skin tents ; and it were easier to count ten thousand
buffaloes, scattered over a hundred hills and valleys, than to make a reliable estimate of a tribe of Indians
who are constantly roving over the western prairies. With this experience in efforts to ascertain the number
of our wandering tribes, we are forced to the conclusion that in most, if not all cases, they have been over-
estimated ; and consequently the reduction of their computed numbers has arisen only from a closer
approximation to truth, and should not be received as evidence that they are decreasing.

But there is one way in which a diminution of some tribes is taking place, viz. : by ceasing to be
Indians and becoming members of civilized society. In Minnesota all persons of mixed blood, i. e. of
white and Indian descent, are recognised as citizens of the Territory. Let this privilege be extended, on
certain conditions, to the whole nation, as well as to all others, and many of them will soon come up to the
stature of men. The Indian tribes of our continent may become extinct as such ; but if this extinction is
brought about by introducing them to civilization and Christianity, and merging them into our own
great nation, which is receiving accretions from all others, who will deplore the result ? Rather let us
labor for it, realizing that if by our efforts they cease to be Indians and become fellow-citizens, it will be
our glory and joy. So may our Christian American nation go on gathering into its fraternal arms all
peoples and languages, and thus work out its mission of peace and good-will.

DAKOTA BIBLIOGRAPHY.

1. Sioux Spelling Book, designed for the use of native learners. 12mo., pp. 22. Boston : Crocker and

Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M. 1836.

2. Wiconi Owihanke Wannin Tanin Kin. 12mo., pp. 23. Boston : Crocker and Brewster, for the

A. B. C. F. M. 1837. This little tract contains Dr. Watts's Second Catechism for Children,
translated into the Dakota by Joseph Renville, Sen., and Dr. T. S. Williamson.

3. The Dakota First Reading Book. 18mo., pp. 50. Cincinnati, Ohio : Kendall and Henry, for the

A. B. C. F. M. 1839. Prepared by Gideon H. Pond and Stephen R. Riggs.

4. Josep Oyakapi Kin — the History of Joseph and his Brethren. 18mo., pp. 40. Cincinnati : Kendall

and Henry, for the A. B. C. F. M. 1839. This is a translation of the narrative recorded in
Genesis, by Rev. Gideon H. and Samuel W. Pond.

5. Old Testament Extracts. 18mo., pp. 120. Cincinnati, Ohio: Printed by Kendall and Henry, for
9 the A. B. C. F. M. 1839. This volume contains extracts from Genesis and the Psalms, the third

chapter of Proverbs, and the third chapter of Daniel.

6. Wotanin Waxte Markus Owa Kin Dee. The Gospel of Mark. 18mo., pp. 96. Cincinnati: Kendall

and Henry, for the A. B. C. F. M. 1839. The translations of this and the Old Testament
Extracts were made from the French by Mr. Joseph Renville, Sen. ; written out and prepared for
the press by Dr. T. S. Williamson.
v. Wowapa Mitawa — My Own Book. 12mo., pp. 64. Boston : Crocker and Brewster, for the
A. B. C. F. M. 1842. Prepared from Rev. T. H. Gallaudet's ' Mother's Primer ' and ' Child's
Picture Defining and Reading Book,' by S. R. Riggs, A. M.

8. Wowapi Inonpa : The Dakota Second Reading Book. ISmo., pp. 64. Boston : Crocker and

Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M. 1842. By Rev. S. W. Pond. This little volume, designed for a
school book, consists of Bible stories from the Old Testament.

9. Dakota Dowanpi Kin — Dakota Hymns. 18mo., pp. 97. Boston: Crocker and Brewster, for the

A. B. C. F. M. 1842. These Hymns were composed in the Dakota language by Mr. Joseph
Renville and Sons, and the Missionaries of the Am. Board.

10. Woahope Wikcemna Kin. (Sheet.) The Ten Commandments and the Lord's Prayer, in the

Dakota language. Boston: 1842.

11. Eliza Marpicokawin, Raratonwan oyate en Wapiye sa ; qa Sara warpanica qon, &c. 12mo., pp. 12.

Boston : Crocker and Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M. 1842. A narrative of- pious Indian
women : published by the American Tract Society.

12. Wicoicage Wowapi qa Odowan Wakan, &c. : The Book of Genesis, a part of the Psalms, and the

Gospels of Luke and John. 12mo., pp. 295. Cincinnati, Ohio : Kendall and Barnard, for the
A. B. C. F. M. 1842. These translations were made partly from the original Hebrew and Greek,
and partly from the French, into Dakota, by Dr. T. S. Williamson, Rev. G. H. Pond, S. R. Riggs,
and Joseph Renville, Sen.

13. Jesus Ohnihde Wicaye cin Oranyanpi Qon : qa Palos Wowapi Kage ciqon, &c. 12mo., pp. 228.

Cincinnati, Ohio : Kendall and Barnard, for the American Bible Society. 1843. This volume
contains the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles of Paul, and the Revelation of John, in the Dakota
language, translated from the Greek by Stephen R. Riggs, A. M.

14. Dakota Wiwangapi Wowapi: Sioux Catechism. 12mo., pp. 12. 1844. New Haven, Conn. : Hitch-

cock and Stafford, for the A. B. C. F. M. By Rev. S. W. Pond.

15. Dakota Tawoonspe, or Dakota Lessons : a' book designed for Schools. 12mo., pp. 96. Louisville,

Ky. 1850. Prepared by S. R. Riggs. The printing of this little book was superintended by
Rev. R. Hopkins.

16. Dakota Tawaxitku Kin, The Dakota Friend, a small monthly paper, in Dakota and English,

published at St. Paul by the Dakota Mission. 1851-52. Rev. G. H. Pond, Editor.

17. Grammar and Dictionary of the Dakota Language (the present work). 4to., pp. 412. 1852.

18. An English and Dakota Vocabulary, by a Member of the Dakota Mission. 8vo., pp. 120. A re-

print of the English-Dakota part of the large Dictionary. Printed by R. Craighead, 53 Vesey
street, New York, 1852.

GRAMMAR

OF THE

DAKOTA LANGUAGE.

DAKOTA GRAMMAR.

PART FIRST.

ORTHOGRAPHY.
LETTERS AND THEIR CHANGES.

CHAPTER I.

THE ALPHABET.
VOWELS.

§ 1. The vowels are five in number, and have each one uniform sound, except
when followed by the nasal 'q,' which somewhat modifies them.

a, has the sound of EngHsh a in father.

e, has the sound of English e in they, or of a in face.

i, has the sound of i in marine, or of e in me.

o, has the sound of English o in go, note.

u, has the sound of English u in rule, or of oo in food.

CONSONANTS.

§ 2. The consonants are twenty-four in number, exclusive of the sound repre-
sented by the apostrophe (').

b, has its common English sound.

6, is an aspirate with the sound of EngUsh ch, as in chin. This was formerly
represented by c simply.

i, is an emphatic 6. It is formed by pronouncing ' 6 ' with a strong pressure
of the organs, followed by a sudden expulsion of the breath.

d, has the common English sound.

g, has the sound of ^ hard, as in go.

g, represents a deep sonant guttural resembling the Arabic ghain (^).
Formerly represented by g simply.

h, has the sound of h in EngUsh. *"

h, represents a strong surd guttural resembling the Arabic kha (^). For-
merly represented by r.

k, has the same sound as in English.

4 ORTHOGRAPHY.

k, is an emphatic letter, bearing the same relation to k that ' (J ' does to ' 6.'
Formerly represented by q.

1, has the common sound of this letter in English. It is peculiar to the
Titoqwaq dialect.

m, has the same sound as in English.

n, has the common sound of n in English.

q, denotes a nasal sound similar to the French n in bon, or the English n in
drink. Formerly represented by n.

p,^ has the sound of English p, with a little more volume and stress of voice.

p, is an emphatic, bearing the same relation to p that ' (J ' does to ' 6.'

s,' has the surd sound of English s, as in say.

s, is an aspirated s, having the sound of English sA, as in shine. For-
merly represented by x.

t, is the same as in English with a little more volume of voice.

t, is an emphatic, bearing the same relation to t that ' (J ' does to ' 6.'

w, has the power of the English w, as in walk.

y, has the sound of English y, as in yet.

z, has the sound of the common English z, as in zehra.

i, is an aspirated z, having the sound of the French j, or the English * in
pleasure. Formerly represented by j.

The apostrophe (') is used to mark a hiatus, as in s'a. It seems to be analo-
gous to the Arabic hamzeh (£)

Note. — Some Dakotas, in some instances, introduce a slight h sound before the m, and also a d sound
before n. For example, the preposition ' om,' with, is by some persons pronounced obm, and the
preposition ' en,' in, is sometimes spoken as if it should be written edn. But as this mode of speaking is
not very common, it has been deemed unnecessary to notice it further.

For the sake of attaining to a uniform method of notation in the writing of American languages, it
would perhaps have been better to dispense with the nasal n, and to represent the nasal sound of vowels
by a mark underneath the vowel ; but as the Dictionary was already prepared for the press before this
was suggested, and such a change would very much disarrange the words in the vocabulary, it has not
been made.

CHAPTER II.

SYLLABICATION.

§ 3. Syllables in the Dakota language terminate in a pure or nasalized vowel,
as ma-ka, the earth, taq-yaq, well. To this rule there are some exceptions, viz.:

a. The preposition ' en,' in, and such words as take it for a suffix, as, petan, oji the
fire, tukten, where, etc. ; together with some adverbs of time, as, dehan, now, hehan,
then, tohan, when, etc.

h. When a syllable is contracted into a single consonant (see § 11), that conso-
nant is attached to the preceding vowel ; as, om, with, from o-pa, to follow ; wai)-
yag, from waq-ya-ka, to see ; ka-ki6, from ka-ki-^a, to suffer ; bo-sim-^i-pa, to
shoot off, instead of bo-si-pa-si-pa.

c. There are some other syllables which end in k ; as, is, he, nis, thou, mis, /,

ACCENTS. d

nakaes, indeed, etc. These may possibly be forms of contraction, but we have not
now the means of showing the fact.

CHAPTER III.

ACCENTS.

Place of Accent.

§ 4. 1. In the Dakota language all the syllables are enunciated plainly and fully ;
but every word that is not a monosyllable, has in it one or more accented syllables,
which, as a general thing, are easily distinguished from such as are not accented.
The importance of observing the accent is seen in the fact that the meaning of a
word often depends upon it ; as, maga, afield, maga, a goose ; okiya, to aid, okiya,
to speak to.

2. More than two thirds, perhaps three fourths, of all Dakota words of two or
more syllables, have their principal accent on the secoiid syllable from the beginning,
as will be seen by a reference to the Dictionary ; the greater part of the remaining
words have it on the first.

3. a. In polysyllabic words there is usually a secondary accent, which falls on the
second syllable after the primary one ; as, tewoskantiiya, in a desert place ; i6iy6-
peya, to barter.

h. But if the word be compounded of two nouns, or a noun and a verb, each will
retain its own accent, whether they fall two degrees apart or not ; as, aguyapi-
i6apai}, {wheat-heater^ a fiail ; inmu-sl'iqka, {cat-dog) a domestic cat ; aki6ita-
ndziq, to stand guard.

Removal of Accent.

§ 5. 1. Suffixes do not appear to have any effect upon the accent; but a syllable
prefixed or inserted before the accented syfiable draws the accent back, so that it
still retains the same position with respect to the beginning of the word ; as, nape,
hand, minape, my hand ; baksa, to cut off with a knife, bawaksa, / cut off ; mdaska,
fiat, ^aqmdaska, boards ; maga, afield, mitamaga, my field.

When the accent is on the first syllable of the word the prefixing of a syllable does not always remove
it ; as, noge, the ear, man6ge, my car.

2. The same is true of any number of syfiables prefixed ; as, kaska, to bind,
wakaska, / bind, wi6awakaska, / hiyid them.

3. a. If the verb be accented on the second syllable, and pronouns be inserted
after it, they do not affect the primary accent ; as, wa^tedaka, to love, wastewadaka,
/ love something.

b. But if the verb be accented on the first syllable, the introduction of a pronoun
removes the accent to the second syllable, as, mani, to walk, mawani, / walk.

In some cases, however, the accent is not removed ; as, ohi, to reach to, 6wahi, I reach.

4. When ' wa ' is prefixed to a word commencing with a vowel, and an elision

b ORTHOGRAPHY.

takes place, the accent is thrown on ths first syllable ; as, iyuskiq, to rejoice in,
wiyuskiq, to rejoice; amdeza, c/ear, wamdeza ; amdosa, the red-winged black-bird,
wamdosa.

5. When ' wo ' is prefixed to adjectives and verbs forming of them abstract nouns,
the accent is placed on the first syllable ; as, pida, glad, wopida, gladness ; waoq-
^ida, merciful, wowaoqsida, mercy ; ihaqgya, to destroy, woihaqgye, a destroying.

6. So also when the first syllable of a word is dropped or merged into a pro-
nominal prefix, the accent is removed to the first syllable ; as, kiksiiya, to remember,
miksuya, remember me.

CHAPTER IV.

CHANGES OF LETTERS.

Commutation.

§ 6, 1. 'A' or 'aij' final in verbs, adjectives, and some adverbs, is changed to
' e,' when followed by auxiliary verbs, or by certain conjunctions or adverbs. Thus,

a. When an uncontracted verb in the singular number ending with ' a ' or ' aq '
precedes another verb, as the infinitive mood or participle, the ' a ' or ' aq ' becomes
' e ;' as, ya, to go, ye kiya, to cause to go ; niwaq, to swim, niwe kiya, to cause to
swim ; niwe uq, he is swimming.

b. ' A ' or ' aq ' final in verbs, when they take the sign of the future tense or the
negative adverb immediately after, and when followed by some conjunctions, is
changed into ' e ;' as, yuke kta, there will be some ; mde kte sni, / will not go.

To this there are a number of exceptions. Ba, to blame, and da, to ask or beg, are not changed. Some
of the Mdewakai)toi)\vai)s say ta kta for te kta, he will die. The Sisitoqwaqs say tii) kta. Ohnaka, to
place any thing in, is not changed ; as, " minape kiq takudai) ohnaka sni wauri," / have nothing in my
hand. Ipuza, to be thirsty, remains the same ; as, ipuza kta ; "tuwe ipuza kighaij," etc., " let him that
is athirst coined'' Yuha, to lift, carry, in distinction from yuha, to have, possess, is not changed ; as,
mduha sni, / cannot lift it.

c. Verbs and adjectives singular ending in ' a' or ' aq,' when the connexion of the
members of the sentence is close, always change it into ' e ;' as, ksape <^a waste,
wise and good ; waqmdake (Ja wakute, / saw and I shot it.

d. 'A' and 'aq' final become 'e' before the adverb 'liiqcia' and the particle
' do ;' as, side hiqda, very bad ; waste kte do, it will be good. Some adverbs follow
this rule ; as, taqye tiq, very well ; which is sometimes contracted into taqyeh.

But ' a ' or ' ar) ' final is always retained before tuka, uqkar), uqkags, e^ta, ita, kes, and perhaps some
others.

2. a. Substantives ending in ' a ' sometimes change it to ' e ' when a possessive
pronoun is prefixed ; as, suqka, dog ; mitasuqke, my dog ; nitasuqke, thy dog ;
tasuqke, his dog.

b. So, on the other hand, ' e ' final is changed to ' a,' in forming some proper
names ; as, Ptaqsiqta, the name given to the south end of Lake Traverse, from
ptaq and siqte.

CHANGES OF LETTERS.

/

§ 7. 1. a. When 'k' and 'k,' as in kiq and kiqhaq, ka and kehaq, etc., are
preceded by a verb or adjective whose final ' a ' or ' aq ' is changed for the sake of
euphony into 'e,' the 'k' or 'k' following becomes '6' or '(J;' as yuhe diqhai), if
he has, instead of ynha kiqhaq ; yuke c^ehaq, token there tvas, instead of yukaq
!^ehaq.

b. But if the proper ending of the preceding word is 'e,' no such change takes
place ; as, wa^te kigliar), if he is good ; Wakaqtaqka ape ka wastedaka wo, hope in
God and love him.

2. When ' ya,' the pronoun of the second person singular and nominative case,
precedes the inseparable prepositions ' ki,' to, and ' ki6i,' for, the ' ki ' and ' ya '
are changed, or rather combined, into ' ye ;' as, ye6aga, thou makest to, instead of
yaki^aga ; ye6i6aga, thou makest for one, instead of yakicidaga. In like manner
the pronoun ' wa,' /, when coming in conjunction with ' ki,' forms ' we ;' as, wedaga,
not waki6aga, from kidaga. Wowapi we6age kta, / tvill make him a book, i. e. /
will write him a letter.

3. a. When a pronoun or preposition ending in ' e ' or ' i ' is prefixed to a verb
whose initial letter is ' k,' this letter is changed to ' 6 ;' as, kaga, to make, ki6aga, to
make to or for one ; kaksa, to cut off, ki6i6aksa, to cut off for one.

b. But if a consonant immediately follows the ' k,' it is not changed ; as, kte, to
kill, nikte, he kills thee. In accordance with the above rule, they say 6i6ute, /
shoot thee ; they do not however say kidute, but kikute, he shoots for one.

c. This change does not take place in adjectives. They say kata, hot, nikata,
thou art hot ; ku^a, lazy, niku^a, thou art lazy.

§ 8. 1. ' T ' and ' k ' when followed by ' p ' are interchangeable ; as iijkpa, iqtpa,
the end of any thing; wakpa, watpa, a river ; siqkpe, siqtpe, a muskrat.

2. In the Ihaqktoqwai) dialect, ' k ' is often used for ' h ' of the Wahpetoqwai) ;
as, kdi, to arrive at home, for hdi ; daqpakmikma, a cart or waggon, for daqpahmihma.
In the same circumstances the Titoqwaqs use 'g,' and the Mdewakaqtoqwaqs ' n ;'
as, daqpagmigma, daqpanminma.

3. In the Titoqwar) dialect, '1' is used for 'd,' as, gh, to come home, for hdi;
and also for ' n,' as, lila, very, for nina. OoicoV- - V\^^

§ 9. 1. When two words come together so as to form one, the latter of which
commences and the former ends with a vowel, that of the first word is sometimes
dropped ; as, daqtokpani, to desire or long for, of 6ar)te, the heart, and okpani, to
fail of; wakpidahda, by the side of a river, from wakpa and i6ahda ; wi6ota, many
persons, from wi6a and ota. Tak eya, what did he say ? is sometimes used for
taku eya.

2. In some cases also this elision takes place when the second word commences
with a consonant ; as, napkawiq and namkawiq, to beckon with the hand, of nape
and kawiq.

3. Sometimes when two vowels come together, ' w ' or ' y ' is introduced between
them for the sake of euphony ; as, owihaqke, the end, from o and ihaqke ; niyate,
thy father, from the pronoun ni, thy, and ate, father.

§ 10. The 'yu' of verbs commencing with that syllable is not unfrequently
dropped when the pronoun of the first person plural is used ; as, yuha, to have,
uqhapi, we have ; yuza, to hold, uqzapi, toe hold. Yiiza also becomes oze, which

ORTHOGRAPHY.

may be oyuze contracted ; as, Makatooze, the Blue Earth river, lit. where the blue
earth is taken ; oze ^i6a, had to catch.

Contraction.

§ 11. 1. Contractions take place in some nouns when combined with a following
noun, and in some verbs when they occupy the position of the infinitive or parti-
ciple. The contraction consists in dropping the vowel of the final syllable and
changing the preceding consonant usually into its corresponding sonant or vice
versa, which then belongs to the syllable that precedes it ; as, yus from yuza, to
hold ; tom from topa, four. The following changes occur :

z into s ; as, )aiza, to hold any thing ; yus nai;ir), to stand holding.

i. into s ; as, kaki^a, to suffer ; kakis wauq, / am suffering.

g into h ; as, maga, afield, and maga, a goose, are contracted into mah.

k into g ; as, waqyaka, to see any thing, is contracted into waqyag.

p into m ; as, topa, four, is contracted into tom ; watopa, to paddle or row a

boat, is contracted into watom.
t into d ; as, odota the reduplicated form of ota, many, much.
t into g ; as, bozag^ata the reduplicated form of boiiata, to make forked by

punching.
6, t, and y, into n ; as, wani6a, none, becomes wanin ; yuta, to eat any thing,
becomes yun ; kuya, below, becomes kun.

2. The article 'kiq ' is sometimes contracted into 'g;' as, oyate kig, the people,
contracted into oyateg.

3. Caqte, the heart, is contracted into 6an; as, ianwaste, glad (6aqte anrf wa^te,
heart-good).

4. When a syllable ending in a nasal (r)) has added to it ' m ' or ' n,' the con-
tracted form of the syllable that succeeded, the nasal sound is lost in the ' m ' or ' n,'
and is consequently dropped ; as, 6ar)nuqpa, to smoke a pipe, 6aqnum mani, he
smokes as he walks ; kakig6a, to scrape, kakin iyeya.

Contracted words may generally be known by their termination. When con-
traction has not taken place, the rule is that every syllable ends with either a pure
or nasalized vowel. See § 3.

PART SECOND,

ETYMOLOGY.
WORDS AND THEIR INFLECTIONS.

CHAPTER I.

PRONOUNS.

§ 12. Dakota pronouns may be classed as personal (simple and compound),
interrogative, relative, and demonstrative pronouns, together with the definite and
indefinite pronouns or articles.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

§ 13. To personal pronouns belong person, number, and case.

1. There are three persons, the first, second, and third.

2. There are three numbers, the singular, dual, and plural. The dual is only of
the first person ; it includes the person speaking and the person spoken to, and has
the form of the first person plural, but without the termination ' pi.'

3. Pronouns have three cases, nominative, objective, and possessive.

§ 14. The simple pronouns may be divided into separate and incorporated ; i. e.
those which form separate words, and those which are prefixed to or inserted into
verbs, adjectives, and nouns.

Separate.

§ 15. 1. a. The separate pronouns are. Sing., mi^, /, ni^, thou, \h, he. The Plural
of these forms is designated by employing ' uqki6 ' for the first person, ' ni6 ' for the
second, and ' is ' for the third, and adding ' pi ' at the end of the last principal word
in the phrase. Dual, uqki^, (/ and thou) we two.

h. Another set of separate pronouns, of perhaps more frequent occurrence, are.
Sing., miye, I, niye, thmi, iye, he. The Plural of these forms is denoted by 'uqkiye'
for the first person, ' niye ' for the second, and ' iye' for the third, and adding ' pi '
at the end either of the pronoun itself or of the last principal word in the phrase.
Dual, uqkiye, (/ and thou) we two.

2. These pronouns are used for the sake of emphasis, that is to say, they are
employed as emphatic repetitions of the subjective or objective pronoun contained
in the verb ; as, mis wakaga, (/ I-made) I made ; miye mayakaga, (me me-thou-
madest) thou madest me. Both sets of pronouns are used as emphatic repetitions of

B

10 ETYMOLOey.

the subject, but the repetition of the object is generally confined to the second set.
It would seem in fact that the first set may originally have been subjective, and the
second objective forms.

3. Mi6 miye, / myself; nis niye, thou thyself; \h, iye, he himself; uqkis uqkiyepi,
we ourselves, etc., are emphatic expressions which frequently occur, meaning that it
concerns the person or persons alone, and not any one else.

§ 16. 1. The possessive separate pronouns are. Sing., mitawa, my or mine, nitawa,
thy or thine, tawa, his ; Dual, uqkitawa, (mine and thine) ours ; Plur., uqkitawapi,
our or ours, nitawapi, your or yours, tawapi, their or theirs : as, wowapi mitawa, my
book ; he mitawa, that is mine.

2. The separate pronouns of the second set are also used as emphatic repetitions
with these ; as, miye mitawa, (me mine) my own ; niye nitawa, thy own ; iye tawa,
his own ; uqkiye uqkitawapi, our own.

Incorporated.

§ 17. The incorporated pronouns are used to denote the subject or object of an
action, or the possessor of a thing.

Nominative.

§ 18. 1. The nominative pronouns, or those which denote the subject of the
action, are. Sing., wa, /, ya, thou ; Dual, uq, (/ and thou) we two ; Plur. uq-pi, we,
ya-pi, ye. The plur. term. ' pi ' is attached to the end of the verb.

2. a. These pronouns are most frequently used with active verbs ; as, wakaga,
I make ; yakaga, thou makest ; uqkagapi, we make.

b. They are also used with a few neuter and adjective verbs. The neuter verbs
are such as, ti, to dwell, wati, I dwell ; itoq^ni, to tell a lie, iwatoq^ni, I tell a lie.
The adjective verbs with which ' wa' and 'ya ' are used are very few ; as, waoqsida,
merciful, waoqsiwada, / am merciful; duzahai), swift, waduzahax), lam swift of
foot ; ksapa, wise, yaksapa, thou art wise.

3. When the verb commences with a vowel, the ' uq ' of the dual and plural, if
prefixed, becomes ' uqk ;' as, itoqsni, to tell a lie, uqkitoqsni, we two tell a lie ; au,
to bring, uqkaupi, we bring.

4. When the prepositions ' ki,' to, and ' ki6i,' for, occur in verbs, instead of
' waki ' and ' yaki,' we have ' we ' and ' ye ' (§ 7. 2.) ; as, kidaga, to make to
one, wedaga, I make to; ki(ii6aga, to make for, ye6i6aga, thou makest for, ye6i6agapi,
you make for one. Kiksuya, to remember, also follows this rule ; as, weksuya, I
remember.

5. In verbs commencing with 'yu ' and 'ya,' the first and second persons plural are
formed by changing the 'y' into 'md' and 'd;' as, ynwa^te, to make good, mAny/Sihie,
I make good, duwaste, thou makest good, duwastepi, you make good ; yawa, to read,
mdawa, / read, dawa, thou readest. In like manner we have iyotaqka, to sit down,
imdotaqka, / sit down, idotaqka, thou sittest down.

6. The third person of verbs and verbal adjectives has no incorporated pro-
noun.

PRONOUNS. 11

Objective.

§ 19. 1. The objective pronouns, or those which properly denote the object of
the action, are, Sing., ma, me, ni, thee ; Plur., uq-pi, us, and ni-pi, you.

2. a. These pronouns are used with active verbs to denote the object of the
action ; as, kaga, he made, makaga, he made me, ni6agapi, he made you.

b. They are also used with neuter verbs and adjectives; as, jazai), to be sick,
mayazaq, / am sick; waste, good, mawaste, / am good. The English idiom
requires that we should here render these pronouns by the nominative case, although
it would seem that in the mind of the Dakotas, the verb or adjective is used imper-
sonally, and governs the pronoun in the objective.

c. They are also incorporated into nouns, where in English the substantive verb
would be used as a copula ; as, wi6asta, man, wima6a6ta, / am a man.

3. In the same cases where 'we' and 'ye ' subjective are used (see § 18. 4.), the
objective pronouns have the forms ' mi ' and ' ni,' instead of ' maki ' and nidi ;' as,
ki6aga, he makes to one, mi6aga, he makes to me, nidaga, he makes to thee, nidagapi,
he makes to you.

4. There is no objective pronoun of the third person singular ; but ' wi6a ' (perhaps
originally man) is used as an objective pronoun of the third person plural; as,
wa^tedaka, to love any one, wastewi6adaka, he loves them; widayazaq, they are sick.
When followed by a vowel, the * a ' final is dropped ; as, e6awi6uqkidor)pi, we do to
them.

§ 20. Instead of ' wa,' /, and ' ni,' thee, coming together in a word, the syllable
' 6i ' is used to express them both ; as, wastedaka, to love, wastedidaka, / love thee.
The plural of the object is denoted by adding the term ' pi ;' as, wastedidakapi, /
love you. The only essential difference between ' di ' and the ' ur) ' of the dual and
plural is, that in the former the first person is in the nominative and the second in
the objective case, while in the latter both persons are in the same case.

The place of the nominative and objective pronouns in the verb, adjective, or
noun, into which they are incorporated, will be explained when treating of those
parts of speech.

Posse ssive.

§ 21. a. The possessive pronouns are. Sing., mi or ma, my, ni, thy ; Dual, uq,
(my and thy) our ; Plur., uq-pi, our, ni-pi, your.

b. These pronouns are prefixed to nouns which signify the different parts of
oneself, as also one's words and actions, but they are not used alone to express the
idea of property in general; as, mitaqdaq, my body ; minagi, my soul; mitawadiq,
my mind; mitezi, my stomach; misiha, my foot ; midaqte, my heart; miista, my
eye ; miisto, my arm ; mioie, my words,; miohaq, my actions ; uqtaqdaq, our two
bodies; uqtaqdaqpi, our bodies; nitaqdaqpi, your bodies; uqnagipi, our souls;
uqdaqtepi, our hearts.

c. In those parts of the body which exhibit no independent action, the pronoun
of the first person takes the form ' ma ;' as, mapa, my head ; manoge, my ears ;
mapoge, my nose ; mawe, my blood, etc.

§ 22. 1. The pronouns of the first and second persons prefixed to nouns signify-
ing relationship, arc, Sing., mi, my, ni, thy ; Dual, uqki, (my and thy) our ; Plur.,

12

ETYMOLOGY.

uqki-pi, our, ni-pi, yowr: as, mi6ii)6a, my child ; nidek^i, thy uncle; nisuijka, thy
younger brother ; uqkidiqdapi, our children.

2. a. Nouns signifying relationship take as the pronouns of the third person, the
suffix ' ku,' with its plural ' kupi ;' as, suqka, the younger brother of a man, suqkaku,
his younger brother ; taqka, the younger sister of a woman, taqkaku, her younger
sister ; hihna, husband, hihnaku, her husband ; ate, father, atkuku, his or her
father.

b. But after the vowel ' i,' either pure or nasalized, the suffix is either ' tku ' or
' 6u ;' as, dek^i, uncle, deksitku, his or her uncle ; taqk^i, the younger sister of a man,
taijksitku, his younger sister ; <Sir)ksi, son, diqhiqtku, his or her son ; tawiq, a wife,
tawidu, his wife ; 6iqye, the elder brother of a man, 6ii)6u, his elder brother.

Perhaps the origin of the ' t ' in ' tku ' may be found in the ' ta ' of the third person used to denote
property. See the next section.

§ 23. 1. ' Mita,' 'nita,' and ' ta,' singular ; ' uqkita,' dual ; and ' uqkita-pi,' ' nita-
pi ' and ' ta-pi,' plural, are used to express property in things : as, mitaoqspe, my axe ;
nita^uqke, thy dog; they say also mitahoksidaq, my boy. These pronouns are also
used with koda, a particular friend, as, mitakoda, my friend, nitakoda, thy friend,
takodaku, his friend ; and with ki6uwa, comrade, as, nitakiduwa, thy comrade, etc.

2. a. ' Mita,' ' nita,' and ' ta,' when prefixed to nouns commencing with ' o ' or
' i,' drop the ' a ;' as, owiqi;a, a bed, mitowiq^e, my bed ; ipahiq, a pillow, nitipahig,
thy pillow ; itazipa, a bow, tinazipe, his bow.

b. When these possessive pronouns are prefixed to abstract nouns which com-
mence with ' wo,' both the ' a ' of the pronoun, and ' w ' of the noun, are dropped ;
as, wowaste, goodness, mitowa^te, my goodness ; woksape, wisdom, nitoksape, thy
wisdom ; wowaoq^ida, mercy, towaoq^ida, his mercy.

c. But when the noun commences with ' a,' the ' a ' of the pronoun is usually
retained ; as, aki6ita, a soldier, mitaaki6ita, my soldier.

3. ' Wi6a ' and ' wi6i ' are sometimes prefixed to nouns, making what may be
regarded as a possessive of the third person plural; as, wi6ahuqku, their mother ;
wi6iatkuku, their father.

TABLE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

Separate Pronouns.

Nominative.

Objective.

Possessive.

Sing. 3.
2.
1.

is ; iye
ni^ ; niye
mi6 ; miye

iye

niye

miye

tawa

nitawa

mitawa

Dual 1.

uqki6 ; uqkiye

uqkitawa

Plur. 3.
2.
1.

i^ -pi; iyepi
nik -pi ; niyepi
uqki^„-pi; uqkiyepi

iyepi

niyepi

uqkiyepi

tawapi

nitawapi

uqkitawapi

PRONOUNS.

13

Incorporated Pronouns.

Nominative.

Objective.

Possessive.

Sing. 3.

-ku, -tku ;

ta-

2. ya;

ye

ni ; ni

ni-;

ni-;

nita-

1. wa;

we

ma ; mi

mi-;

ma-;

mita-

Dual 1. ug ;

uqki

uq-;

uqki- ;

uqkita-

Plur. 3.

wi6a

-kupi, -tkupi ;

ta-pi

2. ya-pi ;

ye-pi

ni-pi ; ni-pi

ni-pi ;

ni-pi ;

nita-pi

1. ug-pi;

ugki-pi

uq-pi ; uqki-pi

uq-pi ;

uqki-pi ;

uqkita-pi

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS.

§ 24. The reflexive pronouns are used when the agent and patient are the same
person ; as, wastei^idaka, he loves himself, wasteni(5idaka, thou lovest thyself, waste-
mi^idaka, / love myself.

The forms of these pronouns are as follows : —

Sing.

3. i(Ji
2. ni^i
1. mi^i

Dual.

uqki(Ji

Plur.

i(Ji-pi

ni(^i-pi

uqki<ii-pi.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS.

§ 25. 1. The relative pronouns are tuwe, who, and taku, what ; tuwe ka^ta and
tuwe kake^, whosoever or any one ; taku ka^ta and taku kake^, whatsoever or any
thing.

2. Tuwe and taku are sometimes used independently in the manner of nouns : as,
tuwe u, some one comes ; taku yamni waqmdaka, / see three things.

3. They are also used with ' dag ' suffixed and ' sni ' following : as, tuwedaq ^ni,
no one ; takudaq mduhe sni, / have not any thing ; tuktedaq uq sni, it is nowhere ;
uqmana e6oqpi 6ni, neither did it.

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS.

§ 26. These are tuwe, who? with its plural tuwepi; taku, what? which is
used with the plural signification, both with and without the termination 'pi;'
tukte, which ? tukten, where ? tuwe tawa, whose ? tona, tonaka, and tonake6a, how

many

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.

§ 27. 1. These are de, this, and he, that, with their plurals dena, these, and hena,
those ; also, ka, that, and kana, those or so many. From these are formed denaka

14 ETYMOLOGY.

and denake6a, these many ; henaka and henake6a, those many ; and kanaka and
kanake6a, so many as those.

2. ' Dai) ' or ' na ' is sometimes suffixed with a restrictive signification ; as, dena,
these, denana, only these ; hena, those, henana, only so many.

§ 28. 1. Also '!kon' partakes of the nature of a demonstrative pronoun when it
refers to some person or thing mentioned before; as, widasta koq, that man.

2. When ' a ' or ' aq ' of the preceding word is changed into ' e,' ' koq ' becomes
'6ik:oq ' (§ 7. 1.) ; as, tuwe waqmdake 6ik:oq, that person whom I saw, or the person
I saw.

ARTICLES.

§ 29. There are properly speaking only two articles, the definite and indefinite.

Definite Article.

§ 30. 1. The definite article is kiq, the ; as, wida^ta kiq, the man, maka kiq, the
earth.

2. The definite article, when it occurs after the vowel ' e ' which has taken the
place of ' a ' or ' aq,' takes the form ' 6iq ' (§ 7. 1.) ; as, wi6a6ta kide 6iq, the had
man.

3. In conversation, 'kiq,' after nouns, is sometimes contracted into 'g,' which is
suffixed to the noun ; as, oyateg, for oyate kiq, the people ; makag, for maka kiq,
the earth.

§ 31. The demonstrative ' ^oq ' approaches very nearly to the nature of the
article, and may often be rendered accordingly. See § 28.

Indefinite Article.

§ 32. The indefinite article is 'waq,' a or an, probably a contraction of the
numeral waq;^i, one ; as, widasta waq, a man.

CHAPTER II.

VERBS.
FORMS OF VERBS.

Verbal Roots.

§ 33. The Dakota language contains many verbal roots, which are used as verbs
only with certain causative prefixes, and which form participles by means of certain
additions. The following is a hst of the more common verbal roots : —

baza, smooth gata, spread hna., fall off

ga, open out guka, spread out hnayaq, deceive

gaq, open out hiqta, brush off huhuza, shake

gapa, open oui hmuq, twist h<Ja, open out, expand

VERBS.

15

h6i, crumble, gap
idata, scratch
lide6a, tear^ smash
hdoka, make a hole
hepa, exhaust
hi6a, arouse
Yipa., fall down
hpu, crumble off
htaka, catch, grip
law, peel

huga, jam, smash
kawa, open
k6a, untangle
kig6a, scrape off
kiqza, creak
koqta, notch
ksa, separate
ksa, bend
k^i^a, double up
ktai), bend
mdaza, spread open
mda^a, burst out

inda,Jine, pulverize

mna, rip

mni, spread out

pota, wear out

psaka, break in two

psuq, spill

psuq, dislocate

pta, cut out, pare off

ptaqyar), turn over

ptu^a, crack, split

sba, ravel

sbu, dangle

sde6a, split

ski6a, press

skita, draw tight

smiq, scrape off

sna, ring

sota, clear off, whitish

saka, press down

6ka, tie

6ki6a, press

^na, miss

Verbs formed by Prefixes.

^pa, break off

6pi, joic^ 0^

&pu, fall off

6u^a, jnasA

taka, touch, make fast

taq, «)e//, <omcA

tepa, wear off

tida, scrape

tipa, contract

titaq, pw/Z

tkuga, 6reaAr q^

tpi, cracA;

tpu, crumble, fall off

we^SL, fracture

w'n)ia., bend down

zamni, open out

ia, stir

iaf a, rub out, efface

iiT), stiff

iipa, pinch

iuq, root out

inixx, come to pieces.

§ 34. The syllables ' ba,' ' bo,' ' ka,' ' na,' ' pa,' ' ya,' and • yu,' are prefixed to
verbal roots, adjectives, and some neuter verbs, making of them active transitive
verbs, and usually indicating the mode and instrument of the action.

a. The syllable ' ba ' prefixed shows that the action is done by cutting or sawing,
and that a knife or saw is the instrument.

6. The prefix ' bo ' signifies that the action is done by shooting with a gun or
arrow, by punching with a stick, or by any instrument thrown endwise. It also
expresses the action of rain and hail; and is used in reference to blowing with the
mouth, as, bosni, to blow out.

c. The prefix ' ka' denotes that the action is done by striking, as with an axe or
club, or by shaving. It is also used to denote the effects of wind and of running
water.

d. The prefix ' na ' generally signifies that the action is done with the foot or by
pressure. It is also used to express the involuntary action of things, as the bursting
of a gun, the warping of a board and cracking of timber, and the effects of freezing,
boiling, etc.

e. The prefix ' pa ' shows that the action is done by pushing or rubbing with the
hand.

f. The prefiix ' ya ' signifies that the action is performed with the mouth.

g. The prefix ' yxi ' may be regarded as simply causative or effective. It has an

16 ETYMOLOGY.

indefinite signification, and is commonly used without any reference to the manner
in which the action is performed.

Usually the signification of the verbal roots is the same with all the prefixes, as they only have respect
to the manner and instrument of the action : as, baksa, to cut in two with a knife, as a stick ; boksa, to
shoot off ; kaksa, to cut off with an axe ; naksa, to break off with the foot ; paksa, to break off with the
hand ; yaksa, to bite off ; yuksa, to break off. But the verbal root ika, appears to undergo a change of
meaning ; as, kaska, to tie, yu^ka, to untie.

§ 35. These prefixes are also used with neuter verbs, giving to them an active
signification ; as, naiiq, to stand, yunaiiq, to raise up, cause to stand ; 6eya, to cry,
nadeya, to make cry by kicking.

§ 36. We also have verbs formed from adjectives by the use of such of these
prefixes as the meaning of the adjectives will admit of; as, wa^te, good, yuwa^te,
to make good ; te6a, new, yuteda, to make new ; 6i6a, had, ya^i6a, to speak evil of.

Compound Verbs. '

§ 37. There are several classes of verbs which are compounded of two verbs.

1. ' Kiya ' and ' ya ' or ' yaq,' when used with other verbs, impart to them a
causative signification and are usually joined with them in the same word; as,
na^iq, he stands, naiiqkiya, he causes to stand. The first verb is sometimes con-
tracted (see § 11) ; as, waqyaka, he sees, waqyagkiya, he causes to see.

2. In the above instances the first verb has the force of an infinitive or present
participle. But sometimes the first as well as the second has the force of an
independent finite verb ; as, hdiwarjka, he comes horns and sleeps ; hiqa^iq, he comes
and stands. These may be termed double verbs.

§ 38. To verbs in Dakota belong conjugation, form, person, number, mood, and
tense.

Conjugation.

§ 39. Dakota verbs are comprehended in three conjugations, distinguished by the
form of the pronouns in the first and second persons singular which denote the agent.

a. In the Jirst conjugation the nominative singular pronouns are ' wa ' or ' we,'
and ' ya ' or ' ye.'

b. The second conjugation embraces verbs in ' }ai,' ' ya,' and ' yo,' which form the
first and second persons singular by changing the ' y ' into ' md ' and ' d.'

c. Neuter and adjective verbs form the third conjugation, known by taking what
are more properly the objective pronouns, 'ma' and 'ni.'

Form.

§ 40. Dakota verbs exhibit certain varieties of form, which indicate corresponding
variations of meaning.

1. Most Dakota verbs may assume a frequentative form, that is, a form which
conveys the idea of frequency of action. It consists in doubling a syllable, generally
the last ; as, baksa, to cut off with a knife, baksaksa, to cut off in several places.
This form is conjugated in all respects just as the verb is before reduplication.

VERBS. 17

2. The so-called absolute form of active verbs is made by prefixing ' vpa,' and
is conjugated in the same manner as the primitive verb, except that it cannot take an
objective noun or pronoun. The ' wa ' appears to be equivalent to the Enghsh
something : as, manoq, to steal, wamanor), to steal something; taspaqtaqka mawanor),
(apple I-stole) I stole an apple, wamawanoq, / stole something, i. e. / committed a
theft.

3. When the agent acts on himself, the verb is put in the reflexive form. The
reflexive is formed in two ways : first, by incorporating the reflexive pronouns,
i^i, ni(Ji, mic^i, and ui]ki(^i ; as, wastei(^idaka, he loves himself. Secondly, verbs in
' yu,' ' ya, and ' yo,' that make the possessive by changing ' y ' into ' hd,' prefix
to this form ' i ;' as, yu^ai^a, to wash any thing ; hdui;ai;a, to wash one's own, as
one's clothes ; ihdui;ai;a, to wash oneself.

4. When the agent acts on his own, i. e. something belonging to himself, the verb
assumes the possessive form. This is made in two ways : first, by prefixing or
inserting the possessive pronoun ' ki ' (and in some cases ' k ' alone) ; as, wastedaka,
to love any thing ; 6ir)6a wa^tekidaka, he loves his child. Secondly, in verbs in
' yu,' ' ya,' and ' yo^ the possessive form is made by changing ' y ' into ' hd ;' as,
yuha, to have or possess any thing ; hduha, to have one''s own; ^uktaqka wahduha,
/ have my own horse.

5. Another form of verbs is made by prefixing or inserting prepositions meaning
to and for. This may be called the dative form.

a. When the action is done to another, the preposition ' ki ' is prefixed or
inserted ; as, kaga, to make any thing ; ki6aga, to make to one ; wowapi ki6aga,
(writing to-him-he-made) he wrote him a letter. This form is also used when the
action is done on something that belongs to another ; as, 6uqka kikte, (dog to-him-he-
killed) he killed his dog.

b. When the thing is done for another, ' ki6i ' is used ; as, wowapi ki6i6aga,
(writing for-him-he-made^ he wrote a letter for him. In the plural, this sometimes
has a reciprocal force ; as, wowapi ki6i6agapi, they wrote letters to each other.

6. In some verbs ' ki ' prefixed conveys the idea that the action takes effect
on the middle of the object ; as, baksa, to cut in two with a knife, as a stick ;
kibaksa, to cut in two in the middle.

Person,

§ 41. Dakota verbs have three persons, the first, second, and third. The third
person is represented by the verb in its simple form, and the second and first
persons by the addition of the personal pronouns.

Number.

§ 42. Dakota verbs have three numbers, the singular, dual, and plural.

1. The dual number is only of the first person. It includes the person speaking
and the one spoken to, and is in form the same as the first person plural, but
without the termination 'pi;' as, waeteur)daka, we <mjo love him; mauijni, i«e two
walk.

18 ETYMOLOGY.

2. The plural is formed by suffixing 'pi;' as, wasteuqdakapi, we love him;
manipi, they walk,

3. There are some verbs of motion which form what may be called a collective
plural, denoting that the action is performed by two or more acting together or in
a body. This is made by prefixing ' a ' or ' e ;' as, u, to come, au, they come ; ya,
to go, aya, they go ; naiiq, to stand, ena^iq, they stand. These have also thie
ordinary plm-al ; as, upi, yapi, na^iqpi.

Mood.

§ 43. There are three moods belonging to Dakota verbs : the indicative, impera-
tive, and infinitive.

1. The indicative is the common form of the verb; as, 6eya, he cries; 6eyapi,
they cry.

2. a. The imperative singular is formed from the third person singular indicative
and the syllables ' wo ' and ' ye ;' as, 6eya wo, 6eya ye, cry thou. Instead of ' ye,'
the Mdewakaqtoqwai) has ' we,' and the Titoqwaq ' le.'

b. The imperative plural is formed by the syllables ' po,' ' pe,' ' m,' and ' miye ;'
as, 6eya po, 6eya pe, deyam, and 6eya miye. It has been suggested that ' po ' is
formed by an amalgamation of ' pi,' the common plural ending, and ' wo ' the sign
of the imperative singular. In like manner ' pi ' and ' ye ' may be combined to
make ' pe.' The combination of ' miye ' is not so apparent.

The forms ' wo ' and ' po ' are used only by men ; and ' we,' ' ye,' ' pe,' and ' miye ' by women,
though not exclusively. From observing this general rule, we formerly supposed that sex was indicated
by them ; but lately we have been led to regard ' wo ' and ' po ' as used in commanding, and ' we,' ' ye,'
' pe,' and ' miye,' in entrcatinff. Although it would be out of character for women to use the former, men
may and often do use the latter.

When ' po,' ' pe,' or ' miye ' ■ is used it takes the place of the plural ending ' pi ;' as, ceya po, ceya
miye, cry ye. But vrith the- negative adverb ' ^ni,' the ' pi ' is retained ; as, (feyapi ^ni po, do not cry.

Sometimes in giving a command the ' wo ' and ' ye,' signs of the imperative, are not expressed.
The plural endings are less frequently omitted.

3. The infijiitive is commonly the same as the ground form of the verb, or third
person singular indicative. When two verbs come together, the first one is usually
to be regarded as the infinitive mood or present participle ; and is contracted if
capable of contraction (§ 11); as, wagyaka, to see any thing, waqyag mde kta,
{to-sec it I-go will) I will go to see it ; nahoq wauq, {hearing I-ani) I am hearing,
or / hear.

What in other languages are called conditional and subjunctive moods may be formed by using the
indicative with the conjunctions u^kaijs, kijjhai) or ciijhaij, tuka, esta or iia,, and kes, which come after
the verb ; as, ceya uijkaijs, if he had cried ; ceye ciijhar), if he cry ; deye kta tuka, lie would cry, but he
does not ; wahi uqkaq^ waka^ke kta tuka, if I had come, I would have bound him.

Tense.

§ 44. Dakota verbs have two tenses, the aorist or indefinite, and i\\Q future.

1. The aorist includes the present and imperfect past. It has commonly no

VERBS. 19

particular sign. Whether the action is past or now being done must be determined
by circumstances, or by the adverbs used.

2. The sign of the future tense is ' kta ' placed after the verb. It is often changed
into ' kte ;' for the reason of which, see § 6. 1. 6.

What answers to a perfect past is sometimes formed by using ' ^oi) ' or ' ci^oi),' and sometimes by the
article ' kii) ' or ' cii) ;' as, taku nawahoi) Ijcor), what I heard.

Participles.

§ 45. 1. The addition of ' haq ' to the third person singular of some verbs makes
an active participle; as, ia, to speak, iahai), speaking ; na^iq, to stand, naiiqhaq,
standing ; mani, to walk, manihaq, walking. The verbs that admit of this forma-
tion do not appear to be numerous.

2. The third person singular of the verb when preceding another verb, has often
the force of an active participle; as, natoq wauq,/ am hearing. When capable
of contraction it is in this case contracted ; as, waqyaka, to see, waqyag nawaziq,
/ stand seeing.

§ 46. 1. The verb in the plural impersonal form, has in many instances the force
o{ a passive participle ; as, makaskapi wauq, {me-thexj-bound I-am) I am bound.

2. Passive participles are also formed from the verbal roots (§ 33) by adding
' hag ' and ' wahaq ;' as, ksa, separate, ksahaq and ksawahai), broken in two, as a
stick. In some cases only one of these forms is in use ; but generally both occur,
without however, so far as we have perceived, any difference in the meaning.

A few of the verbal roots are used as adjectives ; as, mdu, fine ; but they also take the participial endings,
as, mduwahaq, crumbled fine.

CONJUGATION I. .

§ 47. Those which are embraced in the first conjugation are mostly active verbs,
and take the subjective pronouns 'ya' or 'ye,' and ' wa' or 'we,' in the second and
first persons singular.

First Variett.

§ 48. The first variety of the first conjugation is distinguished by prefixing or
inserting ' ya ' and ' wa,' pronouns of the second and first persons singular.

A. PronouTis Prefixed..

Kaska, to tie or bind any thing.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

AORIST TENSE.

Sir^. Dual. Plnr.

3. ka^ka, he hinds or he bound. ka^kapi, they bind.

2. yakdska, thou bindest. yakii^kapi, ye bind.

1. wakdika, / bind. uijkiiSka, we two bind. ui)kA4kapi, we bind.

20

ETYMOLOGY.

FUTURE TENSE.

3. ka^ke kta, he will hind.

2. yak4ike kta, thou wilt hind.

1. waka^ke kta, I will hind. ugka^ke kta, we two will hind.

Sing.
2. kaska wo, ye, or we, bind thou.

Sing.
3. man6i), he steals or stole.
2. may^noi), thou stealest.
1. maw4noi), I steal.

3. manoi) kta, he will steal.

2. maydnop kta, thou wilt steal.

1. mawdnoq kta, / will steal.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

PARTICIPLE.

ka^k^hai), hound.

B. Pronouns Inserted.

Manoi), to steal any thing.
INDICATIVE MOOD.

AOBIST TENSE.

Dual.
mauqnoi), we two steal.

I FUTURE TENSE.

ka^kipi kta, they will hind.
yakddkapi kta, ye will hind.
ugkdskapi kta, we will hind.

Plur.

kaskd po, pe, or miye, hind ye.

Plur.
manoqpi, they steal.
maydnogpi, ye steal.
mauijnoijpi, we steal.

manoijpi kta, they will steal.

may&nogpi kta, ye will steal.

mauflnoi) kta, we two will steal. mauijnocpi kta, we will steal.

Sing.
2. nian6i) wo, ye, or we, steal thou.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

Plur.
man^Q po, pe, or miye, steal ye.

The verb yuta, to eat any thing, may be regarded as coming under the first
variety of this conjugation. The ' yu ' is dropped when the pronouns are assumed ;
as, yiita, he eats, yata, thmi eatest, wata, I eat.

Second Variety.

§ 49. The second variety of the first conjugation is distinguished by the use of
'ye' and 'we,' instead of 'yaki' and 'waki' (§ 18. 4.), in the second and first
persons singular.

A. Pronouns Prefixed.

Kiksuya, to rememher any thing.
INDICATIVE MOOD.

Sing.
3. kiksuya, he remembers.
2. y6ksuya, thou rememberest.
1. weksuya, / remember.

AORIST TENSE.

Dual.

uflMksuya, we two remember.

Plur.
kiksuyapi, they rememher.
y^ksuyapi, ye remember.
u^kiksuyapi, we remember.

Siriff.
2. kiksuya wo, ye, or we, retnemher thou.

VERBS.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

21

Plur.

kiksuya po, pe, or miye, remember ye.

Future Tense. — It is deemed unnecessary to give any further examples of the future tense, as those
which have gone before fully illustrate the manner of its formation. -

B. Pronouns Inserted.

Scakicor), to do any thing to another.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

AORIST TENSK.

Sing.

Dual.

Plur.

3.
2.
1.

ecdkicoig, he does to one.
ecdyecoq, thou doest to.
ecAwecoi), / do to.

ecaui)kic'ofl, we two do to.

ecAkidoijpi, they do to.
ec&yecoijpi, ye do to.
ecduijkicoqpi, we do to.

Sing.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

2. ed^kico^ wo, ye, or we, do thou it to one.

Plur.

ed4kicoi) po, pe, or miye, do ye it to one.

CONJUGATION II.

§ 50. Verbs in ' yu,' ' ya,' and ' yo,' which change ' y ' into ' d ' for the second
person, and into ' md ' for the first person singular, belong to this conjugation.
They are generally active in their signification.

First Variety.

A. Verbs in 'yu.'

Yustai), to finish or complete any thing.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

AOBIST TENSE.

Sing.
3. yu^tifl, he finishes or finished.
2. du^t4q, thou dost finish.
1. mdu^tdfl, I finish.

Sing.
yuitdi) wo, etc., finish thou.

Dual.

uq^tai), we two finish.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

Plur.
yait&jj-pi, they finish.
du^td;)pi, ye finish.
iii)itaj)Tpi, we finish.

Plur.
jait&i) po, etc., finish ye.

First person plural. — Verbs in ' yu ' generally form the first person plural and dual by dropping the
' yu,' as in the example ; but occasionally a speaker retains it and prefixes the pronoun, as, uijyu^taqpi
for ufl^tagpi.

22

Sinff.
3. yaksA, he bites in two.
2. daksa, thou bitest in two.
1. mdaksd, J bite in two.

Sing.
yaks4 wo, etc., bite thou in two.

Sing.
3. iy6tai)ka, he sits down.
2. idotaijka, thou sittest down.
1. imdotaqka, I sit down.

Sing.
iydtaqka wo, etc., sit thou down.

ETYMOLOGY.

JB. Verbs in 'ya.'

Yaksa, to bite any thing in two.
INDICATIVE MOOD.

AOBIST TENSE.

Dual.

uijyiksa, we two bite in two.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.

C. Verbs in 'yo.'

lyotarika, to sit down.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

AORIST TENSE.

Dual.

ui)kiyotai)ka, we two sit down.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.

Second Variety.

Plur.
yaksipi, the^ bite in two.
daksApi, you bite in two.
uijydksapi, we bite in two.

Plur.

yaks4 po, etc., bite ye in two.

Plur.
iy6tagkapi, they sit down.
id6ta;)kapi, you sit down.
lujkiyotaiikapi, we sit down.

Plur.
iy6taqka po, etc., sit ye down.

§ 51. The second variety of the second conjugation embraces such verbs as
belong to the same class but are irregular or defective.

Irregular Formations,
a. Hiyu, to come or start to come.
INDICATIVE MOOD.

AOBIST TENSE.

Sing.

Dual.

Plur.

3. hiyfi, he comes.
2. Hdu, thou comest.
\. hibu, I come.

u^hiyu, we two come.

hiyfipi, they come.
hidupi, you come.
u^hiynpi, we come.

Sing.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

t
Plur.

hiyfl wo, etc., come thou.

hiyii po, etc., come ye.

VERBS.

23

b. Yukai), to be or there

is.

Sing.

Dual.

Plur.

3. yukafl, there is some.

2.

1.

lugkdfl, we two are.

yuk4i)pi, they are
dukAqpi, you are.
uijkaijpi, we are.

The verb ' yukaq ' in the singular is applied to things and not to pereons except as considered col-
lectively.

c. Plur. YakOQpi, they are.

Sing.

3.

2. dak4noq, thou art.

1.

Dual.

uijyAkori, we two are.

Plur.
yakoijpi, they are.
dak^noi^pi, you are.
ufly^koijpi, we are.

These two last verbs, it will be observed, are defective. Kiyukai), formed from yukai), is used in the
sense of to make room for one, and is of the first conjugation.

VERBS WITH OBJECTIVE PKONOUNS.

§ 52. 1. The objective pronoun occupies the same place in the verb as the
subjective ; as, kaska, he hinds, makaska, he hinds me ; manoq, he steals, maninoq,
he steals thee.

2. When the same verb contains both a subjective and an objective pronoun, the
objective is placed first ; as, mayakaska, thou hindest me, mawidayanoq, thou stealest
them. An exception is formed by the pronoun of the first person plural, which is
always placed before the pronoun of the second person, whether subjective or
objective ; as, ur)ni(5askapi, we hind you.

EASKA, to tie or bind.

him, her, it.

thee.

me.

them.

you.

MS.

!

Sing. 3. kaski
2. yak4ska

1. wakd^ka

Dual. uqkd^ka

Plur. 3. ka^kapi

2. yak44kapi
1. ui)k44kapi

nicaika
cicaska

nicAskapi
uijnicaskapi

makaska
mayakaska

makd^kapi
may^kaskapi

wic4ka^ka

wic4yakaska

wicawakaska

widuijkaska

wid^kaskapi

wicdyaka^kapi

wicu^ka^kapi

nid^^kapi
cidaskapi

nicaskapi
uijnidaskapi

uijka^kapi
u^jydkaskapi

uijkciskapi
uriy&kaskapi

^

Sing, kaska wo, etc.
Plur. ka^ka po, etc.

mak4^ka wo
makaska po

wid^kaska wo
wic4ka^ka po

ur|k4ska po
uijkA^ka po

Impersonal Forms.

§ 53. Active verbs are frequently used impersonally in the plural number, and
take the objective pronouns to indicate the person or persons acted upon, in which

24 ETYMOLOGY.

case they may be commonly translated by the English passive ; as, kaskapi, (they-
bound-him) he is bound ; ni6askapi, (they-bound-thee) thou art bound ; maka^kapi,
(they-bound-me) I am bound ; wi6akaskapi, {they-bound-them) they are bound.

Neuter and Adjective Verbs.

§ 54. Neuter and adjective verbs seem likevfise to be used impersonally, and
are varied by means of the same pronouns ; as, ta (it-dies-him) he dies, nita
(it-dies-thee) thou diest, mata, / die, tapi, they die, etc.; waste {good) he is
good, niwa^te (thee-good) thou art good, etc.

The termination ' pi ' in tapi, nitapi, etc., does not appear to be used to mark plurality in the subjective
pronoun understood, but in the objective pronoun either expressed or understood ; and this is corroborated
by the form wicata, (it-dies-them) they die, where the subject understood is evidently singular.

It appears practically convenient to include these verbs, and a few others which
are varied in a similar manner, in one group, to which we will give the name of
third conjugation.

CONJUGATION III.

§ 55. This conjugation is distinguished by the pronouns ' ni ' in the second, and
' ma ' in the first person singular. Those verbs included under the Jirst variety
take these pronouns in their full form. The second variety embraces those in which
the pronouns appear in a fragmentary state, and are irregular in their conjugation.

First V ari ety.

§ 56. To this variety belong neuter and adjective verbs. The proper adjective
verbs always prefix the pronouns ; but while some neuter verbs prefix, others
insert them.

A. Pronouns Prefixed.

Ta, to die or he dead.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

AOEIST TENSE.

Sing. Dual. Plur.

3. ta, he is dead. t'lpi, they are dead.

2. nita, thou art dead. nitdpi, you are dead.

1. mata, / atn dead. ur)t4» we two are dead. uqtap') 'we are dead.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

Sinij. Plur.

2. ta wo, etc., die thou. t* po, etc., die ye.

VERBS.

25

Sing.
3. wa^te, he is good.
2. niwSite, thou art good.
1. Taa,vikii», I am good.

Waste, 5^0015? or to he good.
Dual.

Sing.

3. asni, he is well.

2. anisni, thou art well.

1. amdsni, I am well.

Sing.
asni wo, etc., be thou well.

uqwd^te, we two are good.

B. Pronouns Inserted.

Asni, to get well or be well, recover from sickness.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

AORIST TENSE.

Dual.

Plur.
waitepi, they are good.
niwastepi, you are good.
uijwi^tepi, we are good.

uqkasni, we tioo are well.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.

Second Variety.

Plur.

asnipi, they are well.
anisnipi, you are well.
uijkAsnipi, we are well.

Plur.
asni po, etc., be ye well.

§ 57. Verbs in this variety have only ' n ' and ' m,' fragments of the pronouns
' ni ' and ' ma,' in the second and first persons singular. These appear to be mostly
active transitive verbs.

A. Pronouns Prefixed.

1. The fragmentary pronouns, ' n ' and ' m,' are prefixed to the entire verb.

Ul), to use any thing, as a tool, etc.
INDICATIVE MOOD.

AORIST TENSE.

Dual.

Sing.
3. uq, he uses.
2. nuq, thou usest.
1. mui), I use.

urikdi), we two use.

Plur.
(115 pi, they use.
ntiqpi, ye use.
uqkuqpi, we use.

In this and the following examples only the Indicative Aorist is given, the formation of the remaining
parts having been already suflBciently exhibited.

Uflpa and caijnuijpa, to smoke a pipe, are conjugated like ui), to use.

The reflexive form of verbs which in the third person singular commences with ' ihd ' (see § 40. 3.) is
also conjugated like ' ui) ;' as, ihdaska, to hind oneself; nihdSska, thou hindest thyself; mihdaska, / bind
myself.

2. The prefixed ' n ' and ' m ' take the place of the initial ' y.'

a. Yaqka, to be.
Dual,

Sing.
3. yatjkk, he is.
2. naijka, thou art,
1. mai)k4, / am.

ui)yai)ka, we two are,
»

Plur.

yai)kapi, they are,
nai)k4pi, ye are,
uqydijkapi, we are.

26

3. yiijka, he weaves.
2. nAijka, thou weavest.
1. mnaqka, / weave.

ETYMOLOGY.

4. Vaqka, to weave, as snow-shoes.

y4r|kapi, tAey weave.
nAqkapi, yoM weave.
ui)y4r)kapi, we weave.

uqy&qka, we <i»o weave.
Y&i)ka, to weave, diifers in coujugation from ya;}kd, to he, only in the first person singular.

£. Pronouns Inserted.
3. ' N ' and ' m ' take the place of ' w.'

a. O'wiQza, to make a bed of or use for a bed.
Dual.

Sing.

3. owlqza, he uses for a bed.
2. oniijia, thou usest for a bed,
1. omii)za, / use for a bed.

Sing.
3. iwAriga, he inquires of.
2. inuijga, thou inquirest of.
1. imuQga, / inquire of.

Plur.

owiijiapi, they use for a bed.
oniijzapi, you use for a bed.
uqk6wii)ia, we two use for a bed. ui)k6wii)iapi, we use for a bed.

h. I'wax)ga, to inquire of one.
Dual.

Plur.

iwaqgapi, they inquire of.
inurigapi, you inquire of.
ui)kiwaflga, we two inquire of. uijkiwaijgapi, we inquire of.

This second example differs from the. first in the change of vowels, ' u ' taking the place of ' a.'
W&qka and iwai)ka, to lie dovm, go to bed, are conjugated like iwaijga.

4. ' N ' and ' m ' inserted with an ' a ' preceding.

"EiQOX), to do any thing.

Sing.
3. ec6i), he does.
2. ecdnoi), thou doest.
1. ecimoq, I do.

Dual.

ec6r)ku, we two do,
H6cofl, k6c'oq, and tokoij are conjugated like ecoi).

C. Pronouns Suffixed.
5. The pronouns when suffixed take the forms ' ni ' and ' mi.'

a. Ecii), to think.
Dual.

Plur.

eco^pi, they do.

ec4noi)pi, you do.

ec6i)kupi and ec6i)koi)pi, we do.

Sing,
3. ecii), he thinks.
2. ecdijni, thou thinkest.
1. ed4i)mi, / think. uqkecii), we two think,

Hedii), keciq, wa<!ii), and awd<?ii) are conjugated like ecii).

Plur,

eciljpi, they think,
ec^aijnipi, you think.
uijkeciijpi, we think.

VERBS. 27

It), to wear, as a shawl or blanket.

Sinff. Dual. Plur.

3. ii3, he wears. iqpi, they wear.

2. hiijni, thou wearest. hiijnipi, you wear.

1. hiriiri!, I wear. uijkii), we two wear. ui)kii)pi, we wear.

This example differs from the preceding in receiving a prefixed * h.'

DOUBLE VERBS.

§ 58. These are formed of two verbs compounded together (§ 37. 2 .). They
usually have the pronouns proper to both verbs, though sometimes the pronouns of
the last verb are omitted ; as, hdiyotaqka (hdi and iyotaqka), to come home and sit
down ; wahdimdotarjka, I come home and sit down: they also say wahdiyotaqka.

CONJUGATION I. and II.
Hiyotagka, to come and sit down.

Sing. Dual. Plur.

3. hiyotaijka, he comes, etc. hiyotaijkapi, they come, etc.

2. yahidotai)ka, thou contest, etc. yahidotarikapi, you come, etc.

1. wahimdotaijka, J come, etc. ui)hiyotai)ka, we two come, etc. uijhiyotaijkapi, we come, etc.

Hdiyotarika is conjugated like hiyotaijka. Hinaiir), hdinaiii), and kinaiii), in both parts, are of the
first conjugation; as, wahinawaiiij, yahinayazii), etc.

CONJUGATION I. and III.
Ir)yar)ka, to run (prob. i and yaqka).

Sing. Dual. Plur,

3. ii)yai)ka, he runs. i;)yar)kapi, they run.

2. yainaijka, thou runnest. yainaijkapi, you run.

1. -waimnaijka, /raw. ur)k.'\ijyar)\ia,, we two run. uijkiqyaijkapi, we rM«.

Hiwaqka, kiwai)ka, and hdiwaijka are conjugated like ka4ka of the first conjugation and iwaijga of the
third.

IRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVE VERBS.

§ 59. 1. Eya, to say, with its compounds heya and keya, are conjugated irregu-
larly, ' h ' and ' p ' taking the place of ' y ' in the second and first persons singular.

Eya, to say any thing.

Sing. Dual. Plur.

3. eya, he says. eyapi, they say.

2. ehi, thou say est. ehapi, you say.

1. ep4, / say or said. uijkeya, we two say, ui)k6yapi, we say.

2. Ep6a, / think, with its compounds hep6a and kep6a, are defective, being used
only in the first person singular.

28

ETYMOLOGY.

Ann, etc.

thee.

me.

them.

you.

us.

S si

Sing;. 3. baks'i

baniksa

bamaksa

bawicaksa

baniksapi

bauijksapi

2. bayaksa

bamayaksa

bawicayaksa

bauijyaksapi

•t^ b-

1. bawaksa

baciksa

bawicawaksa

badiksapi

«3 ^

Dual bauriksa

bawicui)ksa

piur. 3. baksapi

baniksapi

bam'iksapi

bawiciiksapi

baniksapi

baui)ksapi

11

2. bayaksapi

bamayaksapi

bawicayaksapi

baupyaksapi

|«

1. baiii)ksapi

bauijniksapi

bawidugksapi

baui)niksapi

^

Sing. 3. boksa

boniksa

bomaksa

bowiciksa

boniksapi

boupksapi

o*^

2. boyaksa

bomayaksa

bowic '.yaksa

bouijyaksapi

1. bowdksa

bociksa

bowic4waksa

bodiksapi

^

Dual boui)ksa

bowiduijksa

Piur. 3. boksa pi

boniksapi

bomdksapi

bowidaksapi

boniksapi

bouijksapi

C3 t

2. boyaksapi

bomayaksapi

bowiciiyaksapi

bouijyaksapi

1. bouqksapi

bouqniksapi

bowicuqksapi

boujgniksapi

"§

Sing. 3. kaksi

nic&ksa

makaksa

widakaksa

nidaksapi

uijkaksapi

2. yak.iksa

maySkaksa

wicayakaksa

uijyakaksapi

1. wakiksa

cic4ksa

wicawakaksa

didaksapi

g §

I*"'! uqkiksa

wicuqkaksa

^

pior. 3. kaksipi

nicaksapi

makaksapi

wicakaksapi

nidaksapi

uijkaksapi

•**

C3~

2. yakiksapi

mayikaksapi

wicayakaksapi

uijyakaksapi

r^

ik

1. uijkaksapi

uijnicaksapi

wicuijkaksapi

ugnidaksapi

^ .

Sing. 3. naksa.

naniksa

namiksa

nawici'iksa

naniksapi

nauijksapi

2. nayaksa

namayaksa

nawicayaksa

nauqyaksapi

-«

fc^

1. nawaksa

naciksa

nawidiiwaksa

nadiksapi

5^

■^^

"««• nauijksa

nawidui)ksa

Piur. 3. naksapi

naniksapi

namaksapi

nawidiiksapi

naniksapi

naui)ksapi

o

2. nayaksapi

namayaksapi

nawidayaksapi

naupyaksapi

<

1. nauijksapi

nauijniksapi

nawiduijksapi

nauiiniksapi

^

Sing. 3. paksa

nipdksa

mapaksa

wicipaksa

nipaksapi

uppaksapi

-S s>

2. yapiksa

may a paksa

wicayapaksa

uijyapaksapi

1. wapaksa

cipiksa

widawapaksa

dipiksapi

D""! ui)p.'iksa

widuijpaksa

5 a.

Piur. 3. paks'ipi

nipaksapi

mapaksapi

widapaksapi

nipaksapi

uijpiksapi

2. yapaksapi

mayapaksapi

widayapaksapi

uijyapaksapi

a,

1. uqpiksapi

uqnipaksapi

wicuQpaksapi

up nipaksapi

"t^

Sing. 3. yaksa

niyaksa

mayaksa

widayaksa

niyaksapi

uqyaksapi

"ii

2. daksi

may^daksa

widadaksa

uijyadaksapi

'-0

1. mdaksa

ciyaksa

widamdaksa

diyaksapi

o

D"!"! uijyaksa

widi'iijyaksa

f

Piur. 3. yaksapi

niydksapi

mayaksapi

widayaksapi

niyaksapi

uijyaksapi

1

2. daksipi

mayadaksapi

wid^daksapi

uriyddaksapi

>>

1. uijyaksapi

uijniyaksapi

wicui)yaksapi

uijniyaksapi

"%

Sing. 3. yuksi

niyuksa

mayuksa

widayuksa

niyuksapi

upyuksapi

"8 »>

2. duksi

mayaduksa

widaduksa

uijyaduksapi

J; 's

1. mduksi

ciyuksa

widi'imduksa

ciyuksapi

D">' uijyuksa

widuijyuksa

■s a

Piur. 3. yuicsipi

niyuksapi

mayuksapi

wid'iyuksapi

niyuksapi

uijyuksapi

Hi J*

2. duks'ipi

mayaduksapi

wididuksapi

ugyiduksapi

3

1. uoyuksapi

uqniyuksapi

widijqyuksapi

HI) niyuksapi

VERBS.

29

Frequentative.

Absolute.

Reflexive.

Possessive.

Dative.

Sing. 3. baksaksa

wabaksa

bai^iksa

bakiksa

bakiciksa

2. bayaksaksa

wabayaksa

bani^Jiksa

bay4kiksa

bayeciksa

1. baw;iksaksa

wabiwaksa

bami^iksa

baw4kiksa

baweciksa

Dual baliriksaksa

wabauijksa

bauqki^iksa

bafiijkiksa

baui)kiciksa

piur. 3. baksiksapi

wab6,ksapi

bai^iksapi

bakiksapi

bakiciksapi

2. bay4ksaksapi

wabayaksapi

bani(Jiksapi

bay4kiksapi

bayeciksapi

1. bauijksaksapi

wab4ui)ksapi

bauqki^iksapi

bauijkiksapi

bauijkiciksapi

Sing. 3. boksuksa

wab6ksa

boi(^iksa

bokiksa

bokiciksa

2. boyaksaksa

waboyaksa

boni^Jiksa

boy4kiksa

boyediksa

1. bowaksaksa

wabowaksa

bomi^iksa

bowakiksa

boweciksa

Dual boui)ksaksa

wabouqksa

bour)ki(5iksa

bouijkiksa

bouijkiciksa

piur. 3. boksaksapi

■wab6ksapi

boi^iksapi

bokiksapi

bokiciksapi

2. boyaksaksapi

waboyaksapi

boiii(Jiksapi

boy4kiksapi

boyeciksapi

1. bouijksaksapi

wabouijksapi

boui)ki^,iksapi

bourikiksapi

boui)kiciksapi

Sing. 3. kaksdksa

wak4ksa

ihdaksa

hdaks4

kicicaksa

2. yakaksaksa

wayakaksa

nihdaksa

yahd4ksa

yecicaksa

1. wakiiksaksa

wawakaksa

mihdaksa

wahdaksa

wecicaksa

Dual ui)kaksaksa

wauqkaksa

urjkihdaksa

vir)hd4ksa

ui) kicicaksa

Piur. 3. kaksuksapi

wakaksapi

ilid4ksapi

lidaks4pi

kidicaksapi

2. yak4ksaksapi

wayakaksapi

nihdaksapi

yahd4ksapi

yecicaksapi

1. ui)k4ksaksapi

waCirikaksapi

uqkihdaksapi

ui)hd4ksapi

urjkic'idaksapi

Sing. 3. naksAksa

waniksa

nai^iksa

nakiksa

nakiciksa

2. nay^ksaksa

wanayaksa

nani(Jiksa

naydkiksa

nayeciksa

1. nawdksaksa

wanawaksa

nami^iksa

naw4kik.sa

navveciksa

Dual nauriksaksa

wan&uijksa

naur)ki(Jiksa

naiir)kiksa

naui)kiciksa

Piur. 3. naksaksapi

wanaksapi

nai^iksapi

nakiksapi

nakiciksapi

2. nayaksaksapi

wanayaksapi

nani^iksapi

nay4kiksapi

nayeciksapi

1. nauijksaksapi

wanauqksapi

nau:i)ki(Jiksapi

nauijkiksapi

nafiijkiciksapi

Sing. 3. paksaksa

wapaksa

i^ipaksa

kpaks4

kidipaksa

2. yap4ksaksa

wayapaksa

ni^ipaksa

yakp4ksa

yecipaksa

1. wapaksaksa

wawapaksa

mi(^ipaksa

wakp4ksa

wecipaksa

Dual ugpaksaksa

wauqpaksa

ui)k'i(Jipaksa

uijkpaksa

uijkicipaksa

Piur. 3. paks4ksapi

wapaksapi

i^ipaksapi

kpaksapi

kicipaksapi

2. yapaksaksapi

way4paksapi

ni^ipaksapi

yakp4ksapi

yec'ipaksapi

1. uqp^ksaksapi

wauijpaksapi

uijki^ipaksapi

ui)kp4ksapi

UI) kicipaksapi

Sing. 3. yaksiksa

wayiksa

ilid4ksa

hdaksa

kiciyaksa

2. daks4ksa

wadaksa

nihdaksa

yahd4ksa

yec'iyaksa

1. mdaks4ksa

wamdaksa

mihdaksa

■wahd4ksa

weciyaksa

Dual uriyaksaksa

wauijyaksa

uqkihdaksa

uijhdaksa

UI) kiciyaksa

Piur. 3. yaks4ksapi

wayaksapi

ihd^ksapi

Ldaks4pi

^iciyaksapi

2. daksaksapi

wadaksapi

nihd4ksapi

yahd4ksapi

yeciyaksapi

1. ui)yaksaksapi

wauqyaksapi

uijkihdaksapi

ui)hd4ksapi

uqkiciyaksapi

Sing. 3. yuks4ksa

woksa

ihduksa

hduks4

kiciyuksa

2. duks4ksa

waduksa

nihduksa

yahduksa

yediyuksa

1. mduks4ksa

wamduksa

niihduksa

wahduksa

wociyuksa

Dual uqksaksa

wauijyuksa

uijkihduksa

ui]hduksa

UI) kiciyuksa

Piur. 3. yuksaksapi

w6ksapi

ihdfiksapi

hduks4pi

kic'iyuksapi

2. duks4ksapi

waduksapi

nihduksapi

yahduksapi

yeciyuksapi

1. uijksaksapi

wauqyuksapi

uqkihduksapi

ughduksapi

u^kiciyuksapi

30 ETYMOLOGY.

CHAPTER III.

NOUNS.
FORMS OF NOUNS.

§ 60. Dakota nouns, like those of other languages, may be divided into two
classes, primitive and derivative.

§ 61. Primitive nouns are those whose origin cannot be deduced from any other
word ; as, maka, earth, peta,^re, pa, head, ista, eye, ate, father, ina, mother.

§ 62. Derivative nouns are those which are formed in various ways from other
words, chiefly from verbs, adjectives, and other nouns. The principal classes of
derivatives are as follows :

1. Nouns of the instrument are formed from active verbs by prefixing 'i;' as,
yumdu, to plough, iyumdu, a plough ; kasdeda, to split, i6asdc6e, a wedge ; kahiqta,
to rake or sweep, i6ahiqte, a rake or broom. These again are frequently com-
pounded with other nouns. See § 68.

2. Nouns of the person or agent are formed from active verbs by prefixing ' wa ;'
as, ihaqgya, to destroy, waihaqgye, a destroyer ; yawaste, to bless, wayawaste, one
who blesses, a blesser.

3. Many abstract nouns are formed from verbs and adjectives by prefixing ' wo ;'
as, ihaqgya, /o destroy, woihaxigye, destruction ; wayazar), to be sick, wowayazar),
sickness ; waoq^ida, merciful, wowaoq^ida, mercy ; waste, good, wowaste, goodness.

4. Some nouns are formed from verbs and adjectives by prefixing ' o ;' as, Avaqka,
to lie down, owaqka, ajloor; apa, to strike, oape, a stroke ; owa, to mark or write,
oowa, a mark or letter of the alphabet ; sni, cold, as an adjective, osni, cold, a noun ;
maste, hot, oma^te, heat.

5. a. ' Wi6a,' prefixed to neuter and intransitive verbs and adjectives, sometimes
forms of them abstract nouns ; as, yazaq, to be sick, wi6ayazar) and wawidayazai),
sickness ; waste, good, wi6awa^te, goodness.

b. It sometimes forms nouns of the agent ; as, yasi6a, to speak evil of, curse,
widayasi6e, a curser.

c. Some nouns, by prefixing ' wi6a ' or its contraction ' wi6,' have their significa-
tion limited to the human species ; as, wi6a6aqte, the human heart ; widanape, the
human hand; widoie, human words; widoliaq, human actions. We also have
widaatkuku, a father or one's father ; widahuqku, one's mother; widadiqda, one's
children.

In like manner ' ta ' (not the possessive pronoun, but the generic name of ruminating animals, and
particularly applied to the moose) is prefixed to the names of various members of the body, and limits the
signification to such animals ; as, tacaqte, a buffalo or deei's heart ; tapa, a deer's head ; tacezi, o buffaloes
tongue ; taha, a deer's skin ; tac'esdi, the ' hois de vache ' of the prairie.

When to such nouns is prefixed ' wa ' (from wahai)ksic'a, a bear), their signification is limited to the
bear species ; as, wapa, a bear''s head ; waha, a bear's skin ; wa^uij, a bear's den.

In like manner, ' ho,' from hogai), a fish, prefixed to a few nouns, limits their signification to that
genus ; as, hoape, _/?«A-_/fras ; hoa^ke, the bunch on the head of a fish.

NOUNS. 3];

6. Abstract nouns are formed from adjectives by prefixing ' wido,' which may be
regarded as compounded of ' wi6a ' and ' wo ;' as waste, good, widowa^te, goodness,
waoq^ida, vierciful ; wi6owaor) sida, mercy.

7. a. Nouns are formed from verbs in the intransitive or absolute state by
suffixing ' pi ;' as, wowa, to paint or write, wowapi, (^they wrote something) something
written, a writing or book ; wayawa, to count, wayawapi,^^Mres or arithmetic.

b. Any verb may be used with the plural ending as a verbal noun or gerund,
sometimes without, but more commonly with, the definite article ; as, i6azo, to take
credit, i6azopi, credit ; wayawaste, to bless, wayawastepi, blessing; waihaijgya, /o
destroy, waihaqgyapi, destroying ; e6or), to do, ecoqpi kiq, the doing of a thing.

8. When ' s'a ' is used after verbs, it denotes frequency of action, and gives them
the force of nouns of the person; as, kage s'a, a maker; edoqpi s'a, doers ;
yakogpi s'a, dwellers.

Diminutives.

§ 63. ' Daq ' or ' na ' is suffixed to nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and verbs, and
has sometimes a diminutive and sometimes a restrictive signification.

1. Suffixed to nouns, ' daq ' is generally diminutive ; as, mde, lake, mdedaq, little
lake ; wakpa, river, wakpadai), little river or rivulet ; apa, some, apadai), a small part.

2. Some nouns now appear only with the diminutive ending, although they may
formerly have been used without it; as, hoksidaq, boy ; suqlipadaq, little dog, puppy ;
^uqgidaq, fox.

3. Nouns ending with this diminutive take the plural termination before the daq ;
as, hok^idaq, boy, hok^ipidaq, boys.

4. Some nouns ending in ' na,' when they take the plural form, change ' na ' into
' daq ;' as, wi6iqyaqna, girl, widiqyaqpidaq, girls ; wanistiqna, a few, plur. wani-
stiqpidaq. In some cases ' daq ' is used only in the plural form ; as, tonana, a few,
plur. tonanaqpidaq.

The Ihar)ktoi)wai3s and Sisitogwaijs commonly use ' na,' and the Titoijwaijs ' la,' instead of ' dar),' for
ihe diminutive ending; as, hoksina and hoksila, for hoksidaq.

§ 64. 1. ' Daq ' is often joined to adjectives and verbs, as the last principal word
in the clause, although it properly belongs to the noun ; as, ^uktaqka waq waste-daq
{horse a good-little), a good little horse, not a horse a little good ; ni6iqksi ceye-daq
{thy-son cries-little), thy little son cries.

2. When used with a transitive verb, ' daq ' may belong either to the subject or
the object of the verb; as, nisuqka suqka kiktedaq (thy-brother dog his-killed-little),
thy little brother killed his dog, or thy brother killed his little dog.

Gender.

§ 65. 1. Gender is sometimes distinguished by different names for the masculine
and feminine; as, wicasta, man, winolliq6a, woman; tataqka, buffalo bull, pte,
buffalo cow ; hehaka, the male elk, upaq, the female elk.

2. But more commonly the distinction is made by means of adjectives. ' Wi6a '
and ' wiqyaq ' denote the male and female of the human species ; as, hoksiyokopa

32 ETYMOLOGY.

wi6a, a male cMc?, hok^iyokopa wiqyar), a female child. 'Mdoka' and 'wiye'
distinguish the sex of animals ; as, tamdoka, a buck ; tawiyedaq, a doe, the 'daq'
being diminutive. These words, however, are often written separately ; as, pagoqta
mdoka, a drake ; zitkadaq wiye, a hen bird. In some instances contraction takes
place ; as, suqg mdoka, a horse ; ^uqg wiye, a mare, from suqka.

3. Proper names of females of the human species frequently have 'wiq,' an
abbreviation of ' wiqyar),' female, for their termination ; as, Totidutawii) (woman
of her red house); Wakaqkaiiu^uwiq (female spirit that pays debts). Sometimes the
diminutive ' wiqna ' is used for ' wiq ;' as, Mahpiwiqna (cloud woman).

Number.

§ 66. To nouns belong two numbers, the singular and plural.

1. The plural of animate objects is denoted by the termination 'pi,' which is
attached either to the noun itself; as, suqka, a dog, suqkapi, dogs ; or, as is
more commonly the case, to the adjective or verb which follows it in the same
phrase ; as, ^uqka ksapapi, wise dogs ; suqka e6or)pi, dogs did it.

2. a. Names of inanimate objects seldom take the plural termination, even when
used with a plural meaning ; as, 6ar), a tree or trees ; maga, a field or fields.

h. On the other hand, some nouns formed from verbs by adding the plural
termination ' pi ' (§ 62. 7. a.) are used with a singular as well as a plural meaning ;
as, tipi, a house or houses ; wowapi, a book or books.

Case.

§ 67. Dakota nouns may be said to have two principal cases, the nominative and
objective.

The nominative and objective cases are usually known by the place which they
occupy in the sentence. When two nouns are used, the one the subject and the
other the object of the action, the subject is placed first, the object next, and the
verb last ; as, wi6asta wag wowapi waq kaga, (yuan a book a made) a man made a
book ; Dawid Sopiya wastedaka, (David Sophia loves) David loves Sophia ; Dakota
Besdeke widaktepi, (Dakota Fox-Indian them-they-killed) the Dakotas killed the Fox
Indians.

When, from some consideration, it is manifest which must be the nominative, the arrangement may be
diflferent ; as, y/idaita Wakai)tai)ka kaga, (man God made) God made man.

As this distinction of case is rather syntactical than etymological, see further in the Syntax.

Possession.

§ 68. The relation of two nouns to each other, as possessor and possessed, is
sometimes indicated by placing them in juxtaposition, the name of the possessor
coming first ; as, wahukeza ihupa, spear-handle ; tipi tiyopa, house-door ; wi6asta
oie, man^s word.

Sometimes the first noun suffers contraction; a&, mah.6\T)csi,, a gosling, iot maga ciijca (^roose-cA/W),
mahiyumdu, a plough, for maga iyumdu (field-plough) ; mahicahiijte, a rake, for m4ga icahiijte (field-
rake).

NOUNS. 33

§ 69. But the relation is pointed out more definitely by adding to the last term
a possessive pronoun, either separate or incorporated.

1. Sometimes the pronouns ' tawa ' and ' tawapi ' are used after the second noun ;
as, tataqka woyute tawa, (hiffalo food his) huf aid's food ; woyute suktaqka tawa-
pi, (yfood horse theirs) horses' food ; wi6a^tayatapi tipi tawa, {chief house his) the
chief's house.

2. a. But generally the possessive pronouns are prefixed to the name of the thing
possessed ; as, tataqka tawote, (buffalo his-food) buffalo's food ; Dawid taaqpetu,
{David his-day) the days of David.

Sometimes ' ti ' is prefixed instead of ' ta ;' as, waqhiijkpe, an arrow ; Dawid tiwar)hiijkpe, David's
arrow.

Nouns commencing with ' i ' or ' o ' prefix ' t ' only ; as, ipahig, a pillow ; Hake tipahiq, Hake's pillow ;
owiqia, a bed ; Hake towijjze, Hake's bed.

Abstract nouns which commence witli ' wo ' drop the ' w ' and prefix ' t ;' as, wowaste, goodness ; Wa-
kar)tai)ka towaste, Ood's goodness. (See § 23. 2. b.)

b. Nouns expressing relationship form their genitive by means of the suffix pro-
nouns ' ku,' ' 6u,' ' tku ;' as, suqka, younger brother, Dawid suqkaku, David's younger
brother ; 6ii)ye, the elder brother of a man, Tomas 6iq6u, Thomas's elder brother ;
6iqk8i, a daughter, wi6asta diqksitku, man's daughter.

Proper and Family Names.

§ 70. The proper names of the Dakotas are words, simple and compounded,
which are in common use in the language. They are usually given to children by
the father, grandfather, or some other influential relative. When young men have
distinguished themselves in battle, they frequently take to themselves new names,
as the names of distinguished ancestors or warriors now dead. The son of a
chief, when he comes to the chieftainship, generally takes the name of his father or
grandfather; so that the same names, as in other more powerful dynasties, are
handed down along the royal lines.

1. a. Dakota proper names sometimes consist of a single noun ; as, Mahpiya,
Cloud ; Hoksidai), Boy ; Wamdeni6a, Orphan; Wowadiqyai), Faith.

b. Sometimes they consist of a single adjective ; as, Sakpe, {Six) Little-six, the
chief at Prairieville.

2. a. But more frequently they are composed of a noun and adjective ; as, Ista-
hba, {eyes-sleepy) Sleepy-eyes ; Tatar) ka-haq ska, {buffalo-long) Long buffalo ; Mato-
hota, Grizzly-bear ; Wamdi-duta, Scarlet-eagle ; Mato-tamahe6a, Lean-bear ; Maza-
hota. Grey-iron ; Maza-s'a, Sounding-metal ; Wapaha-sa, Red-Jlag-staff, called now
Wabeshaw.

b. Sometimes they are formed of two nouns ; as, Mahpiya-wi^asta, Cloud-man ;
Pe^ihuta-wi^a^ta, Medicine-man; Ite-wakigyaq, Thunder-face.

3. Sometimes a possessive pronoun is prefixed ; as, Ta-mako6e, His country ;
Ta-peta-tar)ka, His-great-fire ; Ta-oyate-duta, His-red-people.

4. a. Sometimes they consist of verbs in the intransitive form, which may be
rendered by nouns ; as, Wakute, Shooter ; Wanapeya, One-who-causes-flight.

34

ETYMOLOGY,

b. Sometimes they are compounded of a noun and verb; as, Aki6ita-naiiq,
Standing-soldier or Sentinel ; Tatar)ka-na:iin, Standing-buffalo ; Mahpiya-mani,
Walking-cloud ; Waqmdi-okiya, One-who-talks-with-the-cagle ; Mahpiya-hdinape,
Cloud-that-appears-again.

c. Sometimes they are formed of two verbs ; as, Ir)yar)g-mani, One-who-walks-
running. In some instances a preposition is prefixed ; as, Anawar)g-mani, One-
who-walks-as-he-gallops-on.

§ 71. The names of the women are formed in the same way, but generally have
*wiq ' or 'wiqna,' yema/e, added; as, Aqpetu-sapa-wii), Black-day-woman ; Mahpi-
wiqna, Cloud-woman.

§ 72. The Dakotas have no family or surnames. But the children of a family
have particular names which belong to them, in the order of their birth, up to the
fifth child. These names are, for boys, Caske, Hepar), Hepi, Cataq, and Hake.
For girls, they are, Winona, Hapai), Hapistiqna, Waqske, and Wihake. Thus
the first child, if a boy, is called Caske, if a girl, Winona ; the second, if a boy, is
called Hepaq, and if a girl, Hapaq, etc. If there are more than five children in the
family, the others have no names of this kind.

§ 73. The names of certain family relations, both male and female, are pre-
sented in the following table :

A Mail's.

A Woman's.

elder brother

ciqye

timdo

elder sister

taqke

6ur)

younger brother

sui)ka

sur)ka

younger sister

taqk^i

taqka

male cousin

tahaq^i

ii^esi

female cousin

haqkasi

i6epaqsi

brother-in-law

tahaq

si<^e

sister-in-law

haqka

i6epar).

r^f

The other relations, as, father, mother, uncle, aunt, grandfather, grandmother,
etc., are designated, both by men and women, by the same names.

CHAPTER IV.

ADJECTIVES.

§ 74. 1. Most adjectives in Dakota may be considered as primitive ; as, ska,
white, tar)ka, large, waste, good.

2. A few are formed from verbs by prefixing 'wa;' as, oq^ida, to have mercy on
one, waoqsida, merciful ; caqtekiya, to love, wadaqtkiya, benevolent.

ADJECTIVES. 35

§ 75. Final ' a ' or ' ai) ' of many adjectives is changed into ' e ' when followed
by certain particles, as, hiqda, do, kiq or 6ii), etc. : si6a, had, ^i6e hiqda, very had ;
wi6asta ^i6e 6ir), the had man.

Number.

^ 76. Adjectives have three numbers, the singular, dual, and plural.

§ 77. The dual is formed from the singular by prefixing or inserting 'ui),' the
pronoun of the first person plural ; as, ksapa, wise ; wi6asta uqksapa, we two wise
men; waoqsida, merciful ; waoi)siur)da, we two merciful ones.

§ 78. 1. The plural is formed by the addition of ' pi ' to the singular ; as, wa^te,
good ; wi6asta wastepi, good men.

2. Another form of the plural which frequently occurs, especially in connexion
with animals and inanimate objects, is made by a reduplication of one of the
syllables.

a. Sometimes the first syllable reduplicates ; as, ksapa, wise, plur. ksaksapa ;
taqka, great, plur. taqktaqka.

h. In some cases the last syllable reduplicates ; as, wa^te, good, plur. wa^te^te.

c. And sometimes a middle syllable is reduphcated ; as, taijkir) jai), great or large,
plur. taqkiqkiqyar).

Comp

arison.

§ 79. Adjectives are not inflected to denote degrees of comparison, but are
increased or diminished in signification by means of adverbs.

1. a. What may be called the comparative degree is formed by sai^pa, more ; as,
wa^te, good, saqpa waste, more good or hetter. When the name of the person or
thing, with which the comparison is made, immediately precedes, the preposition
'i' is employed to indicate the relation, and is prefixed to saqpa; as, wi6a^ta kiq
de isaqpa waste, this man is hetter than that. Sometimes ' sam iyeya,' which may
be translated more advanced, is used ; as, sam iyeya wa^te, more advanced good or
hetter.

It is diflBcult to translate ' iyeya ' in tliis connexion, but it seems to convey the idea of passing on from
one degree to another.

h. Often, too, comparison is made by saying that one is good and another is bad ;
as, de si6a, he waste, this is had, that is good, i. e. that is hetter than this.

c. To diminish the signification of adjectives, ' kitaqna ' is often used ; as, taijka,
large, kitaqna taqka, somewhat large, that is, not very large. ~^-

2. What may be called the superlative degree is formed by the use of ' iiina^
'hiqca,' and 'iyotaq;' as, nina waste, or waste la.ir}6ii, very good; iyotaq wa^te,
best.

36

ETYMOLOGY.

NUMERAL ADJECTIVES.

Cardinals.

§ 80. The cardinal numerals are as follows

waq6a, waqi^i, or waq^idaq, one.

nor) pa, two.

yamni, three.

topa, four.

zap tag, Jive.

sakpe, six.

sakowiq, seven.

sahdogaq, eight.

nap6iqwaqka, nine.

wik6emna,
wik6emna nor) pa,
wik6emna yamni,
wik6emna topa,
opawiqge,
opawiqge noqpa,
kektopawiqge,
woyawa taqka.

ten.

twenty,
thirty,
forty,
a hundred,
two hundred,
a thousand,
the great count,
or a million.

1. The numbers from eleven to eighteen inclusive, are formed in two ways :

a. By ake, again; as, ake waqzidai), eleven; ake noqpa, twelve; ake yamni,
thirteen, etc. Written in full, these would be wik6emna ake war)i;idar), ten again
one ; wik6emna ake nor)pa, ten again two, etc.

In counting, the Dakotas use their fingers, bending them down as they pass on, until they reach ten.
They then turn down a little finger, to remind them that one ten is laid away, and commence again.
When the second ten is counted, another finger goes down, and so on.

b. By saqpa, more ; as, wikcemna saqpa waq^idar), te7i more one, (10 + 1) or
eleven; wik6emna saqpa topa, (10 + 4) fourteen ; wik6emna sagpa sahdogar),
(10 + 8) eighteen.

2. Nineteen is formed by uqma, the other ; as, uqma napdiqwaqka, the other
nine.

3. a. Wik6emna noqpa is (10 x 2) twenty, and so with thirty, forty, etc. The
numbers between these are formed in the same way as between eleven and eighteen ;
as, wikdemna noqpa saqpa waqiiidaq, or, wik6emna noqpa ake war)i;idar), (10X2+1)
twenty-one ; wik6emna noigpa saqpa nap6iqwaqka, (10 x 2 + 9) twenty-nine ; wik6e-
mna yamni saqpa topa, (10x3 + 4) thirty-four; wikdemna zaptaq saqpa nap6iq-
waqka, (10 x 5 + 9) fifty-nine. Over one hundred, numbers are still formed in the
same way ; as, opawiqge saqpa wik6emna sakpe saqpa sakowiq, (100 + [10X6] +7)
one hundred and sixty-seven; kektopawiqge noqpa saqpa opawiqge zaptaq saqpa
wik6enuia yamni saqpa sakpe, ([1000 x 2] + [100 x 5] + [10 x 3] + 6) two thousand
five hundred and thirty-six.

b. The numbers between twenty and thirty, thirty and forty, etc., are occasionally
expressed by placing an ordinal before the cardinal, which denotes that it is
so many in such a ten ; as, iyamni topa, four of the third (ten) i. e. twenty-four ;
itopa yamni, three of the fourth (ten) i. e. thirty-three.

§ 81. Numeral adjectives by reduplicating a syllable express the idea of two and
two or by twos, three and three or by threes, etc. ; as, nomnoqpa, by twos ; yamnimni,
by threes ; toptopa, by fours, etc.

ADVERBS. 37

(1.) Waqiikzi, the reduplicate of wai)ii, properly means hy ones, but is used to signify a few.

(2.) Noijpa and topa are often contracted into nom and torn ; and are generally reduplicated in this
form ; as, nomnom, hy twos ; tomtom, by fours.

(3.) Yamni, zaptag, sakowir), and wikc'emna, reduplicate the last syllable ; as, yamnimni, zaptaijptai),
sakowiijwii), and wikcemnamna. The same is true of opawiijge and kektopawii)ge ; as, opawiqgege, by
hundreds.

(4.) Napciowaijka and ^ahdogaij reduplicate a middle syllable, as, napcii(wai)gwai)ka, by nines,
4ahdohdogag, by eights.

§ 82. Wai]6a, noqpa, yamni, etc., are also used for once, twice, thrice, etc. Noqpa
noqpa he6en topa, twice two so four, that is, twice two are four. And ' akihde ' is
sometimes used for this purpose ; as, noqpa akihde noi)pa, two times two.

§ 83 1. 'Daq ' or 'na,' suffixed to numeral adjectives, is restrictive ; as, yanrni,
three, ysunnins,, only three ; zsiptar},fve, za,ptaT:)iiaL, only fve.

2. With monosyllabic words ' na ' is doubled, as, nom, two, nomnana, only two ;
tOTa, four, tomnana, only four ; huqh, a part, huqllnana, only a part.

Ordinals.

§ 84. 1. The ordinal numbers, after tokaheya,/r5/, are formed from cardinals by
prefixing ' i,' ' i6i,' and ' yi'idi ;' as, inoqpa, i6inor)pa, and vsfi6inoqpa, second ;
iyamni, i6iyamni, and vsri^iyamni, third; itopa, i6itopa, and wi6itopa, fourth;
iwik6emna, tenth, etc.

2. In like manner we have iake waq^i, eleventh ; iake noqpa, twelfth ; lake yamni,
thirteenth, etc.; iwik6emna noqpa, twentieth; iopawiqge, one hundredth, etc.

§ 85. When several numbers are used together, the last only has the ordinal
form ; as, wik6emna noqpa saqpa iyamni, twenty-third ; opawiqge saqpa iake noqpa,
hundred and twelfth.

CHAPTER V.

ADVERBS.

§ 86. There are some adverbs, in very common use, whose derivation from other
parts of speech is not now apparent, and which may therefore be considered as
primitives ; as, e6a, when ; kuya and kun, under, below ; kitaqna, a little, not much ;
nina and liir)6a, very ; ohiqni, always; saqpa, more ; taqkan, without, out of doors ;
waqna, now, etc.

§ 87. But adverbs in Dakota are, for the most part, derived from demonstrative
pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs ; and in some instances from other
parts of speech.

1. Adverbs are formed from demonstrative pronouns, by adding 'han' and 'haq,'
' ken ' and ' 6en,' ' ketu ' and ' 6etu,' ' en,' ' ki ' and ' kiya,' ' <Si ' and ' diya.'

a. By adding ' han ' and ' haq ;' as, de, this, dehan, here, now ; he, that, hehan,
there, then ; ka, that, kahan and kahaq, then, there, so far.

38 ETYMOLOGY. ,

b. By adding ' ken ' and ' den ;' as, kaken, in this manner ; e6a, when, edaken,
whenever, always ; de6en, thus ; heden, in that way,

c. By adding ' ketu ' and ' detu ;' as, kaketu, m that manner ; de6etu, in this way ;
hedetu, so, thus.

d. By adding ' en,' in, in a contracted form ; as, de, this, den, here ; he, that,
hen, there ; ka, that, kan, yonder ; tukte, which ? tukten, where ?

e. By adding ' ki ' and ' 6i,' ' kiya ' and ' 6iya ;' as, ka, that, kaki and kakiya,
there ; de, this, de6i and dediya, here.

2. Adverbs are formed from adjectives, by adding ' ya ;' as, wa^te, good, wasteya,
well ; sida, had, sidaya, hadly ; taqka, great, taqkaya, greatly, extensively.

3. a. Adverbs are formed from verbs, by adding ' yai) ;' as, iyuskii), to rejoice,
iyuskiqyar), rejoicingly, gladly ; taqyai), well, may be from the obsolete verb ' tai) '
(as they still use ataq, to regard, take care of) ; itoqsni, to tell a lie, itoqsniyaq,

falsely.

b. Some are formed by adding ' ya ' alone ; as, aokaga, to tell a falsehood about
one, nokahya., falsely.

c. In a few instances adverbs are formed from verbs by adding ' na ;' as, inahni,
to be in haste, inahnina, hastily, temporarily.

4. Adverbs are formed from other adverbs.

a. By adding ' tu ;' as, dehan, now, dehantu, at this time ; hehan, then, hehantu,
at that time ; tohan, when ? tohantu, at what time ?

b. Other forms are made by adding ' ya ' to the preceding ; as, dehantuya, thus,
here ; hehantuya, there ; dedetuya, so ; toketuya, in whatever way.

c. Others still are made by the further addition of ' ken ;' as, dehantuyaken,
toketuyaken. The meaning appears to be substantially the same after the addition
of ' ken ' as before.

d. Adverbs are formed from other adverbs by adding ' yai} ;' as, dehan, now,
here, dehaqyar), to this time or place, so far ; tohan, when? tohaqyai), as long as,
how long? ohir)ni, always, ohiqniyaq, ybr ever.

e. Adverbs are formed from other adverbs by adding ' tkiya ;' as, kun, below,
kuqtkiya, downwards ; waqkan, above, waqkaq tkiya, upwards.

5. Some adverbs are formed from nouns.

a. By prefixing ' a ' and taking the adverbial termination ' ya ;' as, paha, a hill,
apahaya, hill-like, convexly ; wanida, none, awanin and awaninya, in a destroying
way.

b. By suffixing ' ata ' or ' yata,' etc. ; as, he^ a hill or ridge, lleyata, back at the
hill.

6. Adverbs are derived from prepositions.

a. By adding ' tu ' or ' tuya ;' as, mahen, in or within, mahentu or mahetu and
mahetuya, iriwardly.

b. By adding ' wapa ;' as, ako, beyond, akowapa, onward ; mahen, in, raahenwapa,
inwardly.

PREPOSITIONS. 39

CHAPTER VI.

PREPOSITIONS.
§ 88. Prepositions may be divided into separate and incorporated.

Separate Prepositions.

§ 89. The separate prepositions in Dakota follow the nouns which they govern,
and hence might properly be called postpositions ; as, 6ar) akan nawaiiir), {wood
upon I-stand) I stand upon wood ; he maza oq kagapi, (that iron of is-made) that is
made of iron. The following are the principal separate prepositions ; viz. :

ahna, with etkiya, towards om, with

skaa, on or upon Gin, at or], of ox from, with, for

ako, beyond kahda, by, near to opta, through

ehna, amongst kici, with saijpa, beyond

e\i.iK, at, to vcvahen, within isci)\\ai\, from

en, in ohna, in yata, at.

etarjhai), from ohomni, around

Incorporated Prepositions.

§ 90. These are suffixed to nouns, prefixed to or inserted into verbs, and prefixed
to adverbs, etc.

§ 91. The prepositions suffixed to nouns are ' ta,' and ' ata ' or ' yata,' at or on ;
as, tiqta, prairie, tiqtata, at or on the prairie ; maga, a field, magata, at the field ;
6ai], wood or woods, 6aqyata, at the woods. The preposition en, in, contracted, is
suffixed to a few nouns ; as, ti, a house, tin, in the house. These formations may in
some cases be regarded as adverbs ; as, he, a hill or ridge, heyata, at the hill or
back from.

§ 92. The prepositions ' a,' ' e,' ' i,' ' o,' instead of being suffixed to the noun, are
prefixed to the verb.

1. a. The preposition ' a,' ofi or upon, is probably a contraction of ' akan,' and is
prefixed to a very large number of verbs ; as, mani, to walk, amani, to walk on,
6ar)kaga amawani, / walk on a log.

b. The preposition ' e,' to or at, is probably from ' ekta,' and is prefixed to some
verbs ; as, yuhpa, to lay down any thing one is carrying, eyuhpa, to lay down at a place.

c. The preposition ' i ' prefixed to verbs means with, for, on account of ; as,
cekiya, to pray, i6ekiya, to pray for a thing.

d. The preposition ' o,' in, is a contraction of ' ohna,' and is found in a large
class of verbs ; as, hnaka, to place or lay down, ohnaka, to place a thing in some-
thing else.

2. The prepositions which are either prefixed to or inserted into verbs, in the
pronouns' place, are ' ki ' and ' kidi.'

a. ' Ki,' as a preposition incorporated in verbs, means to or for, as, kaga, to make
ki6aga, to make to one ; huwe ya, to go to bring any thing, kihuwe ya, to go to bring
a thing ybr one.

40

ETYMOLOGY.

b. ' Ki6i ' incorporated into verbs means for ; as, kaksa, to chop off, as a stick ;
ki(5i6aksa, to chop off for one.

§ 93. The preposition ' i ' is prefixed to a class of adverbs giving them the force
of prepositions. In these cases it expresses relation to or connexion with the pre-
ceding noun ; as, tehaq, for, itehaq, for foom any time or place ; heyata, behind,
iheyata, back of something. These adverbial prepositions are such as :

iako, beyond
iakan, upon
iaskadai), near to
idahda, by, near to
ihakam, behind
ihduk^aq, round about
ihektara, behind

ihukuya, U7ider
iheyata, behind, back of
ikaqyeta, down from
ikiyedag, near to
isaqpa, beyond
itakasaqpa, over from
itaijkan, without

itehar) , far from
itokam, before
iwaqkam, above
iyohakam, after
iyotahedaq, between
iyotahepi, between
iyotakoqs, opposite to.

CHAPTER VII.

CONJUNCTIONS.

§ 94. Conjunctions in Dakota, as in other languages, are used to connect words
and sentences ; as, waste ]j;a ksapa, good and wise ; wi6asta si6e6a koya, men and
children : " Uqkaq Wakar)tar)ka, Ozaqiaq kta, eya : uqkar) o^aqi^ai)," And God
said, ' Let light be :' and light was.

§ 95. The following is a list of the principal conjunctions ; viz. : uqkaq, ^a and
(Ja, and ; ko and koya, also, and ; uqkaq^, kiqhaq and 6ir)haq, kinahag and (Sina-
har), if ; e^ta and sta, kes and 6e^, kes and (Jes, although ; kaes and (Jae^, t:eyas
and (Jeya^, even if; k:a i^, or ; tuka, but.

CHAPTER VIII.

INTERJECTIONS.

§ 96. It is very difficult to translate, or even to classify Dakota interjections.
Those in common use may be arranged under the following heads, according to
the emotions they express.

Pain: yuq ! wiqswi ! ah! oh!

Regret : hehe ! hehehe ! hughe ! hug hug he ! oh ! alas !

Surprise: hopidag ! hopidagniye ! hopidagsni ! igah ! inama ! igyug ! iyanaka!
wonderful ! surprising ! astonishing ! truly ! indeed !

Attention : a ! e ! bes ! hiwo ! iho ! ito ! mali ! toko ! wag ! hark ! look ! see !
behold ! halloo !

Self-praise : ihdatag ! ihdatagh ! boast !

Affrmation: e6alie ! e6as ! e6aes ! ees ! ehaes ! ehtakaes ! eyake^ ! eyakes !
nakas ! nakaes ! indeed ! truly ! yes !

Disbelief: eze ! hes ! higte ! ho ! hoe6ah ! iyesni6a ! oho ! fe ! fudge ! you donH
say so !

PART THIRD

SYNTAX.

CHAPTER I.

PRONOUNS.
PLACE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

Incorporated Pronouns.

§ 97. The incorporated pronouns are either prefixed to or inserted into verbs,
adjectives, and nouns.

1. Position in Verbs.

§ 98. 1. a. Monosyllabic verbs, such as, ba, to blame, da, to ask for, etc., neces-
sarily prefix the pronouns ; as, mayaba, (me-thou-blamest) thou blamest me.

b. Those verbs which are formed by adding the prefixes ' ka ' and ' pa,' and also
the possessive forms in ' kpa ' or ' tpa,' ' hda,' and ' hdu,' have the pronouns pre-
fixed; as, kaksa, to cut off with an axe, wakaksa, I cut off; pagaq, to part with any
thing, wapagaq, I part with ; kpagaq and tpagarj, to part with one's own, wakpagag,
/ part with my own ; hduta, to eat one's own, wahduta, / eat my own.

c. Other verbs, v^hose initial letter is ' d ' or ' k,' have the pronouns prefixed ; as,
daka, to esteem so, wadaka, / esteem so ; kaga, to make, yakaga, thou makest.

d. For the forms of the subjective pronouns of the first person singular and the
second person singular and plural of verbs in ' ya ' and ' yu,' see §§ 39. b, 50.

2. a. All verbs commencing with a vowel which is not a prefix, insert the
pronouns immediately after the vowel ; as, opa, to follow, owapa, I follow ; except-
ing the first person plural, ' uqk,' which is prefixed; as, uqkopapi, we follow. But
ouqpapi is also used.

b. The prefixing of the prepositions ' a,' ' e,' ' i,' ' o,' does not alter the place of
the pronouns ; as, ka^taq, to pour out, waka^taq, I pour out ; oka^taq, to pour out in,
owaka^taq, / pour out in; paita, to bind, pawahta, I bind ; apahta, to bind on,
apawahta, / bind on.

c. Verbs formed from verbal roots and adjectives by prefixing ' ba,' ' bo,' and
' na,' take the pronouns after the prefix ; as, baksa, to cut off with a knife, bawaksa,
I cut off; boksa, to shoot off, as a limb, boyaksa, thou shootest off; naksa, to break
off with the foot, nawaksa, I break off with the foot.

d. Other verbs whose initial letter is ' 6,' ' 6,' ' m,' or ' n,' have the pronouns
inserted after the first syllable ; as, 6apa, to stab, 6awapa, / stab ; mani, to walk,

F

42 SYNTAX. ,

mawani, / walk. Pahta, to hind or tie, also inserts the pronouns after the first
syllable.

e. Verbs that insert or prefix thd prepositions ' ki ' and ' ki6i,' take the pronouns
immediately before the prepositions. See § 40. 5. a. b.

f. Active verbs formed from other verbs, adjectives, or nouns, by adding the
causative ' kiya ' or ' ya,' take the pronouns immediately before the causative ; as,
waqyagkiya, to cause to see, waqyagmakiya, he causes me to see ; samkiya, to blacken,
samwakiya, / blacken ; 6aqtekiya, to love, daqtewakiya, / love any one.

g. The compound personal and reflexive pronouns (§ 24) occupy the same place
in verbs as do the ordinary incorporated pronouns : as, wastedaka, to love, wastewa-
daka, / love any thing, wastemi(^idaka, / love myself.

2. Position in Adjectives.

§ 99. 1. a. The pronouns are prefixed to what maybe called adjective verbs and
adjectives; as, yazaq, to be sick, taq6aq mayazag, (body me-sick) my body is sick ;
waste, good, niwaste, {thee-good) thou art good.

b. The pronouns ' ma,' ' ni,' and ' uq ' are prefixed to the simple numerals ; as,
mawaq^idar), / am one ; ninogpapi, you are two ; uqyamnipi, we are three.

2. a. But if the adjective verb has assumed the absolute form by prefixing ' wa,'
or if it commences with a vowel, the pronouns are inserted ; as, wayazaqka, to be
sick, wamayazaqka, / am sick ; asni, to get well, amasni, / have recovered.

b. Waoqsida and wa6aqtkiya, and perhaps some others, which we are accus-
tomed to call adjectives, insert the pronouns ; as, waoqsiwada, I am merciful.

3. Position in Nouns.

§ 100. 1. a. The possessive pronouns are always prefixed to the noun. See
§§ 21. 22. 23.

6. When a noun and pronoun are joined together, with the substantive verb
understood, the incorporated pronoun is prefixed to some nouns, and inserted in
others ; as, nisuqka, (thee-dog) thou art a dog ; wini6a^ta, (thee-man) thou art a
man ; Damakota, (me-Dakota) I am a Dakota.

In some nouns the pronoun may be placed either after the first or second syllable, according to the
taste of the speaker; as, wicahiijc'a, an old man, wimac'ahiijca or wicamahiijda, I am an old man.

c. When a noun is used with an adjective or adjective verb, and a pronoun is
required, it may be prefixed either to the noun or to the adjective ; as, nape masuta,
(hand me-hard) or minape suta, (my-hand hard) my hand is hard.

2. In nouns compounded of a noun and adjective, the place of the pronoun is
between them ; as, Isaqtaqka, (knife-big) an American, Isaqmataqka, / am an
American.

4. Position with respect to each other.

§ 101. 1, When one personal pronoun is the subject and another the object of the
same verb, the first person, whether nominative or objective, is placed before the

PRONOUNS. 43

second ; as, mayaduhapi, {me-you-have) you have me ; uijniyuhapi, (we-thee-have or
we-you-have) we have thee or we have you.

2. Wi6a, the objective plural of the third person, when used in a verb with other
pronouns, is placed first ; as, widawakaska, (them-I-hound) I hound them.

Number.

§ 102. Incorporated pronouns, when intended to express plurality, have the plural
termination pi attached to the end of the word, whether verb, noun, or adjective ;
as, wayazaq, he is sick, waugyazaqpi, we are sick; wakaga, I make any thing, uq-
kagapi, we make ; nitasuqke, thy dog, nitasuqkepi, thy dogs or your dog or dogs ;
niwa^te, thou art good, niwastepi, you are good.

Separate Pronouns.

§ 103. The separate personal pronouns stand first in the clauses to which they
belong.

a. They stand first in propositions composed of a pronoun and noun, or of a
pronoun and adjective ; as, miye Isaqmataqka, / am an American; uqkiye uqduwi-
tapi, we are cold.

h. In a proposition composed of a pronoun and verb, whether the pronoun be
the subject or object of the verb ; as, uqkiye uqyaqpi kta, we will go ; miye maka-
6ka, (me he-hound^ he bound me.

The separate pronouns are not needed for the purpose of showing the person and number of the verb,
those being indicated by the incorporated pronouns, or inflexion of the verb ; but they are frequently used
for the sake of emphasis : as, nisurjka he :^upi he ; hiya, he miye makupi, (thy-brother that was-given ?
no, that me me-was-given) was that given to thy brother ? no, it was given to me ; ye masi wo ; hiya,
miye mde kta, {to-go me-command ; no, me I-go will) send me ; no, I will go myself.

c. When a separate pronoun is used with a noun, one being the subject and the
other the object of the same verb, the pronoun stands first ; as, miye mini wa6iq,
(me water I-want) I want water ; niye toka kiq niyuzapi, (you enemy the you-took)
the enemies took you. But when the pronoun is the object, as in this last example,
it may stand after the noun ; as, toka kiq niye niyuzapi, (enemy the you you-took)
the enemies took you.

d. In relative clauses, the separate pronoun is placed last ; as, wi6asta hi koq
he miye, (man came that me) I am the man who came ; 6ni6iyapi kiq hena uqkiyepi,
(you-help the those we) we are they who help you.

e. The adverb ']iiq6a' is often used with the separate pronouns to render them
more emphatic ; as, miye hiq6a, (me very) my very self; niye nitawa hiq6a, (thee
thine very) truly thine own.

f. In answering questions, the separate pronouns are sometimes used alone ; as,
tuwe he6oq he ; miye, who did that ? I; tuwe yaka he ; niye, whom dost thou mean ?
thee ; tuwe he kaga he ; iye, who made that ? he. But more frequently the verb is
repeated in the answer with the pronouns ; as, he tuwe kaga he ; he miye wakaga,
(that who made ? that me I-made) who made that ? I made it ; tuwe yaka he ; niye
<Si6a, (whom meanest-thou ? thee, I-thee-mean) whom dost thou mean ? I mean thee.

44 SYNTAX.

Plural Termination.

§ 104. When the separate pronouns are used with verbs or adjectives, the plural
termination is attached to the last word.

a. When the pronoun stands first, it is attached to the verb or adjective ; as,
uqkiye e6oi)kupi, we did it ; niye yakagapi, you made it ; niye niwastepi, you are
good.

b. When the pronoun stands last, it is attached also to the pronoun ; as, tona
waog^idipi kiq hena niyepi, (as-many merciful the those you) you are they who are
merciful.

Agreement of Pronouns.

§ 105. Personal pronouns, and the relative and interrogative tuwe, who, refer only
to animate objects, and agree in person with their antecedents, which are either
expressed or understood ; as, he tuwe, who is that ? de miye, this is I ; he Dawid
tawa, that is David's ; he miye mitawa, that is mine ; he tuwe tawa, whose is that ?

Omission of Pronouns.

§ 106. The third person, being the form of expression which most commonly
occurs, is seldom distinguished by the use of pronouns.

1. a. There is no incorporated pronoun of the third person either singular or
plural, except ' wi6a' and 'ta.' See §§ 18. 6, 19. 4, 23. 1.

h. The separate pronoun ' iye ' of the third person, and its plural ' iyepi,' are
frequently used in the nominative and sometimes in the objective case.

2. But ordinarily, and always, except in the above cases, no pronoun of the third
person is used in Dakota ; as, ^iyo waq kute ka o, {grouse a shot and killed) he
shot a grouse and killed it ; suktaijka kii) yuzapi ka kaska hdepi, (horse the caught
and tied placed) they caught the horse and tied him.

Repetition of Pronouns.

§ 107. 1. In the case of verbs connected by conjunctions, the incorporated
subjective pronouns of the first and second persons must be repeated, as in other
languages, in each verb ; as, wahi, ka waqmdake, ^a ohiwaya, / came, and I saw,
and I conquered.

2. a. ' Wi6a ' and other objective incorporated pronouns follow the same rule ; as,
tataqka kiq waqwidamdake ^a widawakte, (huffalo the, them-I-saw, and them-I-killed)
I saw the buffalo and killed them.

b. So too in adjective verbs ; as, oqnisike ^a ni^ihtiq, (thee-poor and thee-feeble)
thou art poor and feeble.

3. Two or more nouns connected by conjunctions require the possessive pronoun
to be used with each ; as, nitasuqke ka nitamazakaq, thy-dog and thy-gun.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.

§ 108. Demonstrative pronouns may generally be used in Dakota wherever they
would be required in English.

ARTICLES. 45

1. When a demonstrative pronoun forms with a noun, pronoun, adjective, or
verb, a proposition, of which it is the subject or object, it is placed first ; as, hena
tataijkapi, those are oxen ; de miye, this is I ; dena wasteste, these are good; he
mayaku, (that me-thou-gavesi) thou gavest me that.

2. But when used as a quahficative of a noun, or noun and adjective, it is placed
last ; as, wi6a^ta kiq hena, (man the those) those men ; wi6a6ta waste kig dena,
(man good the these) these good men.

§ 109. The demonstrative pronouns ' he ' and ' hena ' are often used where
personal pronouns would be in English ; as, ate uma^i kiq he widayadapi sni,
(father me-sent the that ye-believe not) my father who sent me, him ye believe not ;
ate uma^i kig he mahdaotaqiq, (father me-sent the that rg.e-declareth) my father
who sent me he beareth witness of me.

§ 110. Demonstrative pronouns are often used in Dakota when they would not be
required in English ; as, isaq kiq he iwa6u, (knife the that I-took) I took the knife.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS.

§ 111. 1. Tuwe, who, and taku, what, are used, both as interrogative and
relative pronouns, and in both cases they stand at the beginning of the phrase or
sentence ; as, tuwe yaka he, whom dost thou mean ? taku odake 6ir), what thou
relatest.

2. a. In affirmative sentences, ' tuwe ' and ' taku ' are often used as nouns, the
former meaning some person, and the latter, some thing ; as, tuwe he manor), some
one has stolen that ; taku iyewaya, / have found something.

b. In negative sentences with ' daq ' suffixed, tuwe may be rendered no one, and
taku nothing ; as, tuwedaq hi sni, no one came (lit. some-little-person came not) ;
takudaq duhe hm, (some-little-thing thou-hast not) thou hast nothing. See § 25. 3.

§ 112. It has been shown (§ 25. 1) that compound relative pronouns are formed
by joining ' ka^ta ' or ' kake^ ' to ' tuwe ' and ' taku ;' as, tuwe ka^ta hi kiqhai) he
wa^u kta, (whoever comes if, that I-give will) if any one comes, I will give it to him ;
taku kasta waqmdake diqhai) wakute kta, (whatever T-see if, I-shootwill) if I see any
thing I will shoot it, or / will shoot whatever I see.

ARTICLES.

Definite Article.

Position.

§ 113. 1. When a noun is used without any quahficative, the definite article
immediately follows the noun; as, maka kiq, (earth the) the earth; wida^ta kiq
waste, (man the good) the man is good.

2. When a noun is used with an adjective as a qualifying term, the article follows
the adjective ; as, widasta wa^te kiq, (man good the) the good man.

3. When the noun is followed by a verb, an adverb and verb, or an adjective,
adverb, and verb, the definite article follows at the end of the phrase, and is generally
rendered into Enghsh by a demonstrative or relative pronoun and article ; as, taku

46 SYNTAX.

e6amoq kii), (what I-did the) that which I did ; wi6a^ta 6i6aya ohaqyaqpi kir), (men
badly do the) the men who do badly ; wi^a^ta si6a si6aya oiaqyaqpi kiq, (men bad
badly do the) the bad men who do badly.

§ 114. The signs of the past tense, 'koq ' and ' 6i^oi),' are used in the place of
the definite article, and are rendered by the article and relative ; as, wida^ta
waqmdake 6ikoq, the man whom I saw.

Use.

§ 115. In general, the definite article in Dakota is used where it would be
in English. But it also occurs in many places where in English it is not admissi-
ble.

a. It is used with nouns that denote a class ; as, widasta kiq bosdan na^iqpi,
(men the upright stand) men stand upright ; suktaqka kir) duzahaqpi, (horses the swift)
horses are swift or run fast.

h. It is often used, as in Greek, French, etc., with abstract nouns; as, wowa^te kiq,
(goodness the) goodness ; woaht^ni kir) awihnuniwi6aya, (sin the destroy s-them) sin
destroys them.

c. It is used with a noun in the vocative case ; as, maka kiq nahoq wo, (earth the
hear-thou) O earth, hear !

d. As in Greek and Italian, it is used with nouns which are quahfied by posses-
sive or demonstrative pronouns; as, ninape kiq, (thy-hand the) thy hand; wida^ta
kiq de, (man the this) this man.

e. It is often used with finite verbs giving to them the force of gerunds or verbal
nouns; as, kagapi kiq, the making; mauquipi kiq, (we walk the) our walking;
yahi kiq iyomakipi, (thou-come the me-pleases) thy coming pleases me.

§ 116. In Dakota, the definite article is sometimes omitted where it would be
required in English.

a. Nouns governed by prepositions are generally used without the article ; as,
6oqkaske ekta mda, (garrison to I-go) I am going to the garrison ; 6aq mahen wai,
(wood into I-went) I went into the woods ; tiqta akan muqka, (prairie upon I-lie) I
lie upon the prairie.

b. Proper names and names of rivers and lakes are commonly used without the
article; as, Tataqka-na^iq, (buffalo-stands) The-standing-buffalo ; Wakpa-minisota,
the Minnesota river ; Mdeiyedaq, Lac-qui-parle.

c. When two nouns come together in the relation of possessor and possessed
(§ 68), the last only takes the article, or rather the entire expression is rendered
definite by a single article placed after it ; as, 6aqpahmihma ihupa kiq, the thill of
the cart ; Wasi6uq wi6astayatapi kiq, the King of the French.

Indefinite Article.

§ 117. The indefinite article is more limited in its use than the definite, but so
far as its use extends it follows the same rules ; as, hoksidaq waq, (boy a) a boy ;
hoksidaq waste waq, (boy good a) a good boy.

§ 118. Sometimes both articles are used in the same phrase, in which case the

VERBS. 47

definite is rendered by the relative (see § 113. 3) ; as, wi6asta waq wa^te kii) he
kaga, {man a good the that made) he was a good man who made that.

CHAPTER II.

VEKBS.
Position of Verbs.

§ 119. 1. Dakota verbs are usually placed after the nouns with which they are
used, whether subject or object ; as, hoksidai) kir) mani, (hoy the walks) the boy
walks ; wowapi war) duha, (book a thou-hast) thou hast a book.

2. Verbs also are usually placed after the adjectives which qualify their subjects
or objects, and after the adverbs which qualify the verbs ; as, Waanatar) wi6asta
wayapike 6iq he taqyaq waqmdaka, (Waanatan man eloquent the that well I-saw) I
saw Waanatan the eloquent man very plainly.

For the relative position of verbs and personal pronouns, see § 98.

Number.

Plural.

§ 120. A verb, by its form, designates the number of its subject or object,
or both ; that is to say, the verb, being the last principal word in the sentence,
usually takes the plural ending ' pi ' when the subject or object is plural in signifi-
cation.

1. a. When the subject represents animate objects, the verb takes the plural
termination ; as, manipi, they walk ; widasta kii) hipi, (man the came) the m,en came.

h. But when the subject of a verb denotes inanimate objects, the verb does not
take a plural form for its nominative's sake ; as, 6aq topa i6aga, (tree four grows)
four trees grow.

2. a. A verb also takes the plural termination when it has a plural object of the
first or second persons; as, Wakaqtaqka uqkagapi, (God us-made) God made us ;
Dakota niye Wakaqtaqka 6aqteni6iyapi, (Dakota you God you-loves) God loves you
Dakotas.

b. When the plural object is of the third person, this plurality is pointed out by
wi6a, them, incorporated in the verb ; as, war)wi6ayaka, he saw them ; Hake
wahaqksida yanmi wi6akte, (Hake bear three them-killed) Hake killed three bears.

§ 121. As there is but one termination to signify plurality both of the subject
and object, ambiguity is sometimes the result.

a. When the subject is of the first, and the object is of the second person, the
plural termination may refer either to the subject or to the subject and object ; as,
wasteuqnidakapi, we love thee, or we love you.

b. When the subject is of the third, and the object of the second person, the
plural termination may refer either to the subject or the object, or to both ; as,
wa^tenidakapi, they love thee, he loves you, or they love you.

48 SYNTAX.

§ 122. Nouns of multitude commonly require verbs in the plural number ; as,
oyate he6oqpi, the people did that.

§ 123. The verb ' yukai) ' is often used in its singular form with a plural mean-
ing ; as, w^akiyedaq ota ynkaq, there are many pigeons,

§ 124. The verb ' yeya,' and its derivatives 'iyeya,' ' hiyeya,' etc., have rarely
a plural termination though used with a plural subject ; as, wi<5ota hen hiyeya, many
persons are there.

Dual.

§ 125. 1. The dual is used only as the subject of the verb and to denote the
person speaking and the person spoken to. It has the same form as the plural
pronoun of the first person, excepting that it does not take the termination ' pi.'

2. Hence, as this pronoun is, in meaning, a combination of the first and second
persons, it can be used only with an object of the third person, except when, the
agent and patient being the same persons, it assumes the reflexive form (§ 24.) ; as,
wasteuqdaka, we two (meaning thou and /) love him ; wastewi6ur)daka, we two love
them. See § 42. 1.

Government of Verbs.

§ 126. Active transitive verbs govern the objective case ; as, makaska, (me
binds) he binds me ; wi6asta wag waqmdaka, {nian a I-saw) I saw a man.
§ 127. Active verbs may govern two objectives.

1. A verb may govern two direct objects or so-called accusatives. When an
action on a part of the person is spoken of, the whole person is represented by an
incorporated pronoun, and the part by a noun in apposition with the pronoun ; as,
nape mayaduza, {hand me-thou-iakest) thou takest me by the hand, or thou takest my
hand. Compare the French, ' me prendre la main.''

2. A verb may govern a direct object or accusative and an indirect object
answering to a dative.

a. When one of the objects is a pronoun, it must be attached to the verb ; as,
wowapi kiq he mayaku kta, (book the that me-thou-give wilt) thou wilt give me that
book.

b. But when both the objects are nouns, the indirect is usually placed before the
direct object ; as, Hepaq wowapi yaku kta, (Hepan book thou-give wilt) thou wilt
give Hepan a book ; Hepi taspaqtaqka wan hiyukiya wo, {Hepi apple a toss) toss
Hepi an apple.

§ 128. Transitive verbs with the prepositions ' a' or ' o ' prefixed may govern two
objectives, and even three when two of them refer to the same person or thing ; as,
^ina kiq anidahpapi, (blanket the on-thee-laid) they covered thee with a blanket ; mini
pa amakastaq, (water head on-me-poured) he poured water on my head.

§ 129. Intransitive verbs, with the prepositions ' a ' or ' o ' prefixed, govern an
objective case ; as, mani, to walk, 6aqku kiq omani, (road the in-walks) he walks in
the road; hai), to stand, maka kiq awahaq, (earth the on-I-stand) I stand on the
earth.

VERBS. 49-

FORMS.

Possessive Form.

§ 130. This form of the verb is used whenever possession or property is
indicated, and is very important in the Dakota language. For the ways in which
the possessive form is made, see § 40. 4.

The use of this form of the verb does not necessarily exclude the possessive pronoun, but renders it
superfluous ; as, nape yahduiaia, (hand thou-washest-thine-own) thou dost wash thy hands ; ninape
yahduiaia is also correct. The occurrence of the possessive pronoun does not render the possessive form
of the verb the less necessary.

MOODS.

Imperative,

§ 131. 1. In prohibitions the imperative mood is often indicated by the adverb
' ihnuhaq ' placed before the verb, with ' kiq ' or ' kiqhai],' ' 6iq ' or ' diqhaq,' follow-
ing : as, ihnuhai) hedanoq kiij, do not do that ; ihnuhar) wi6ayadapi kiqhai), do not
believe it. This is a stronger form than the common imperative.

2. When two verbs in the imperative mood are connected by conjunctions,
the first is used without the sign ; as, owiqia kiq ehdaku \a. mani wo, take up thy
bed and walk.

Infinitive.

§ 132. 1. Verbs in the infinitive mood immediately precede those by which they
are governed ; as, 6aq kakse yahi, {wood to-cut thou-hast-come) thou hast come to
cut wood ; he e6oq 6isipi, / told you to do that.

2. The use of the infinitive mood in Dakota is limited, the finite verb being
often used where the infinitive would be in English ; as, mda wa6iq, {I-go I-desire)
I desire to go.

3. The infinitive mood cannot be used as a noun, as it sometimes is in
English ; that is, it cannot have any thing predicated of it, as in the phrases, " to
see the sun is pleasant," " to walk is fatiguing." In such cases verbal nouns or
gerunds are used ; as, wi waqyakapi kiq he oiyokipi, {sun seeing the that pleasant^
the seeing of the sun is pleasant.

Subjunctive.

§ 133. What may be called the subjunctive mood is formed by the aid of con-
junctions which follow the verb. (See § 43.)

1. a. Kiqhaq and its derivatives, (Siqhaq, kinahaq, and 6inahai], usually refer to
fixture time, future events only being considered as uncertain and contingent ; as,
yahi kiqhaq mde kta, if thou come, I will go.

But ' kiijhai) ' does not always render the sense subjunctive, it being sometimes used as an adverb of
time, especially when preceded by tohan ; as, tohan yahi kighaij mde kta, when thou contest, I will go.

6

50

SYNTAX.

6. When anything past is spoken of as uncertain, 'hediqhai) ' is commonly used;
as, he6anoq hediqhaq eien ohdaka wo, if thou didst that, confess it.

2. The conjunctions e^ta, sta, k;eya^, and ke^, signifying though, although, are
also used to form the subjunctive mood ; as, o6i6iyaka esta wi6ayada 6ni,
although I tell thee, thou dost not believe ; hi l^eya^ ki6i mde kte sni, though he come,
I will not go with him ; amapa l^es en ewa6aqmi sni, though he struck me, I paid no
attention to it.

3. Uqkaqs, if, usually relates to past time or to something already known, and
is used to state what would have been the case if the thing mentioned had been
different from what it is. It is usually followed by tuka, hut ; as, miye6i6aiu^u
ugkaqs 6i(Ju kta tuka, {me-thou-hadst-paid if, I-thee-give would but) if thou hadst paid
me, I would have given it to thee; suktaqka mduha uqkaqs mde kta tuka, (horse
I-had if, I-go would but) if I had a horse I would go.

Optative, Potential, <Sfc.

§ 134. The adverb tokiq, oh that ! is used with verbs to express strong desire ;
in which case an ' n ' is suffixed to the verb ; as, tokiq mduhen, oh that I had it !

§ 135. The Dakotas have no way of expressing fully and forcibly the ideas of
necessity and obligation. The place of the English words ought and must is
partially supplied by the word iyededa, ft, proper ; as, e6anoq kta iye6e6a, it is fit
that thou shouldst do it.

§ 136. 1. The idea of abihty or power is expressed by the help of the verb okihi,
to be able, used after other verbs, which are either in the form of the infinitive or
gerund ; as, e6og owakihi, {to-do I-able) I am able to do it, or / can do it ; manipi
kir) owakihi, {walking the I-able) I can walk. Or they are put in a finite form ; as,
Suktaqka mduza owakihi, {horse I-catch I-able) I can catch a horse.

2. Inabihty is expressed either by ' okihi ' with the negative ' sni,' or ' okitpani ;'
as, mawani kta owakihi ^ni, or, mawani kta owakitpani, {I-walk will I-cannot) I
cannot walk. 'Toka' or ' tokadaq,' followed by the negative '^ni,' is often used
for the same purpose; as, tokadaq mawani sni, {any-way I-walk 7iot) I cannot
possibly walk.

3. The word ' pi6a ' is suffixed to verbs to denote possibility or that the thing can
he done ; as, e6oqpi6a, it can be done ; waqyagpi6a, it can he seen. But it more
frequently occurs with the negative ' sni ;' as, kahpida 6ni, it cannot be made.

TENSES.

§ 137. Notwithstanding the Dakota verb has but two distinct forms of tense,
there is no difficulty in expressing, by the help of adverbs, etc., all the varieties of
time found in other languages.

Aorist Tense.

§ 138. 1. The aorist is used to denote present time, and generally needs no mark
to show that the present is referred to, that being usually determined by attendant
circumstances or by the context ; as, tiyata yaqka, nakalia waqmdaka, he is at the
house, I have just seen him.

VERBS. ^

2. When necessary the adverb dehan, now-, or hinahiq, yet, is used to indicate
present timej as, dehan tiyata yagka, he is now at the house ; hinahiq den ui), he is
here yet.

3. The aorist is used in general propositions, which apply equally to present,
past, and future ; as, si6e6a waskuye6a wastedapi, children love fruit.

§ 139. 1. The predominant use of the aorist is to denote past time, it being
always used in the narration of past events ; as, e6amoq, I have done it ; he du^taq,
thou hast finished that.

2. a. By the help of the adverb waijna, now, the aorist expresses perfect or
finished time ; as, waqna yustaqpi, they have now finished it ; waqna o6i6iyaka, /
have now told thee.

b. In a narrative of past events, ' waqna ' together with the aorist makes what is
called the pluperfect tense ; as, waqna yustaqpi hehan wai, they had finished it when
I arrived.

3. The aorist used with tuka, hut, expresses what is sometimes called the imper-
fect tense ; as, hen wauq tuka, {there I-was but am not now) / was there.

§ 140. Before nsi6e6si, perhaps, the aorist tense is sometimes used for theyw/Mre;
as, he6oq ma^ipi kiqhaq, e6amoq na6e6a, if they tell me to do that, I shall probably
do it.

Future Tense.

§ 141. 1. The sign of the future tense is usually ' kta.' It may be used with
verbs, adjectives, nouns, or pronouns ; as, mani kta, he will walk ; he wa^te kta,
that will be good; he tiqta kta, that will be prairie ; he miye kta, that will be I.

2. The future tense is often used in narrating past events respecting something
that was future at the time mentioned ; as, waqna upi kta hehan wai, they were
about to come when I arrived there.

3. The future tense is used to denote that a thing would have taken place if
something had not prevented. In this case it is commonly followed by 'tuka,'
whether the reason is stated or not ; as, wau kta tuka, / would have come ; upi kta
tuka wi6awakisi6a, they would have come but I forbade them.

4. The future tense with the adverb 'hiq6a,' is used to indicate a desire, purpose,
or determination to do a thing ; as, mde kte hiq6a, (J-go will very) I want to go ;
e6oq kte liiq6a e6oq, {do will very did) he did it because he wished to do it, or he did
it intentionally.

5. The future tense is often used where the infinitive mood would be in English ;
as, wau kta owakitpani, {I-come shall, I-unable) I am unable to come ; teyapi kta
akitapi, they sought to kill him.

6. The future tense is sometimes used for the aorist, as in German, when there
is uncertainty about the thing spoken of; as, tinwi6akte kiq hee kta, {murderer
the that-be will) that is the murderer, the idea being, that he will be found to be the
murderer.

7. When two verbs in the fiiture tense are connected by a conjunction, the first
may be either with or without the sign ; as, nihiqni6iyapi kta ^a ya6eyapi kta, or
nihiqni6iyapi ^a ya6eyapi kta, you will be troubled and weep.

/

62 SYNTAX.

§ 142. ' Nuq ' or ' nor) ' is sometimes used instead of ' kta,' as the sign of the future
tense, in interrogative sentences, and also when something future is spoken of as
uncertain; as, mda nuq he, shall I go? token e6or)pi nuq taqiq sni, they knew not
what they should do.

§ 143. Before the verbs ' e6iq ' and ' epda,' ' ke ' sometimes marks the future
tense of the first person ; as, mda ke ep6a, / will go thought I.

§ 144. In interrogative sentences ' hiq ' is sometimes used for 'kta he,' denoting
the future tense ; as, wau hiq, shall I come ?

AUXILIARY VERBS.

§ 145. There are several verbs, which are used with others as auxiliaries, such
as, ' iyeya,' ' kiya,' and ' ya ' or ' yaq.'

§ 146. 1. ' Iyeya,' when used with other verbs, expresses the additional ideas of
completion and suddenness; as, yustaq iyeya, he made a finish of it ; kaksa iyeya, he
cut it off suddenly. In this way ' iyeya ' is often used to give force and animation
to the style.

2. Verbs used with ' iyeya,' if capable of contraction, are contracted ; as,
kaptui;a, to split, kaptus iyeya, he split it open.

3. ' Iyeya ' is often used with prepositions and adverbs, sometimes with and
sometimes without their taking the verbal prefixes ; as, pamahen iyeya, to push
into ; yuhukun iyeya, to put down ; ohna iyeya and mahen iyeya, to put into any
thing.

§ 147. ' Kiya' is used with verbs as a causative suffix ; as, edoqkiya, to cause to
do ; kahkiya, to cause to make ; naiiqkiya, to cause to stand. The pronouns are
inserted before the causative.

§ 148. ' Ya or ' yaq ' is a suffix which occurs so frequently, and whose use is
sometimes so different from that of any English verb, that it demands a special
notice.

1. a. It is used as a causative suffix ; as, e6oqya, to cause to do ; maniya, to
cause to walk. In this case it always has a noun or pronoun for its object expressed
or understood ; as, mani mayayapi, you cause me to walk.

h. ' Ya ' used with adjectives makes of them active verbs ; as, 6aya, to dye or
paint red ; samya, to blacken.

2. a. It is used with words denoting relationship, where in Enghsh we should
employ a possessive pronoun, and seems to have the force of to have, or have for ;
as, he atewaya, {that father-I-have) that is my father ; Ateuqyaqpi mahpiya ekta
naqke 6iq, {father-we-have heaven in thou-art the) our Father who art in heaven.

b. ' Ya ' with nouns shows what use a thing is put to ; as, de i^aqwaya, this I
have for a knife ; he tiyopayaya, that thou usest for a door.

3. When the pronouns 'ma,' 'ni,' and 'uq,' are used without the pronoun 'ya'
following, 'ya' becomes 'yaq ;' as, atemayaq, he has me for father ; ateuqyaqpi,
our father. But when ' ya,' thou or you, follows, the vowel is not nasalized ; as,
atemayaya, thou hast me for father ; ateuqyayapi, you call us father.

VERBS. j 53

VERBS OF REPETITION.

Reduplicated Verbs. \

§ 149. 1. The reduplication of a syllable in Dakota verbs is very common. In
intransitive verbs it simply indicates a repetition of the action ; as, ipsi6a, to jump,
ipsipsi6a, to hop or jump repeatedly; iha, to laugh, ihaha, to laugh often. In
transitive verbs it either indicates that the action is repeated on the same object,
or that it is performed upon several objects ; as, yahtaka, to bite, yahtahtaka, to
bite often ; baksa, to cut a stick in two, baksaksa, to cut a stick in two often, or
to cut several sticks in two. Verbs of one syllable are rarely reduplicated.

2. There are some verbs whose meaning almost necessarily implies a repetition
of the action and which therefore are generally used in their reduplicated form ;
as, yuhuhuza, to shake; panini, to jog ; kapsiqpsigta, to whip ; yusiqsiq, to tickle;
nasuqsui), to struggle, etc.

3. Verbs signifying to be are repeated to denote continuance ; as, den mar)ka
maqke, / continue to stay here ; hen dukaq dukaqpi, you reside there.

§ 150. The use of a reduplicated form of a verb in its proper place is very
important. It is as much a violation of the rules of the Dakota language to use a
simple for the reduplicated form, as to use the singular for the plural number.

Verbs with the Suffixes ' s'a ' and ' ka.'

§ 151. 'S'a' is suffixed to verbs to denote frequency of action or habit ; as,
yahi s'a, thou earnest often ; iyatoq^ni s'a, thou dost tell lies habitually, i. e. thou art a
liar ; wamanoq s'a, one who steals ojten, i. e. a thief.

§ 152. ' Ka' has sometimes the same signification with ' s'a ;' as, waoka, a good
hunter. But sometimes it does not produce any perceptible difference in the mean-
ing of the verb ; as, wa^teda and wastedaka, to love any thing.

§ 153. When the verb, to which 'ka' or ' s'a' is suffixed, takes the plural form,
the suffix usually follows the plural termination ; as, waopika, marksmen ; edogpi
s'a, doers. But in the verb ' da,' to esteem, ' ka ' may either precede or follow the
plural termination ; as, wastedakapi and wastedapika.

SUBSTANTIVE VERBS.

§ 154. The verbs 'uq,' ' onqyaii,' 'yaqka,' 'yukaq,' and 'hiyeya,' all signify
to he, but when used, they must be accompanied by other verbs, adverbs, parti-
ciples, or prepositions, descriptive of the place or manner of being; as, mani wauq,
/ am walking ; ti mahen maijka, I am in the house ; he6iya yakoqpi, they are there ;
en maur), it is in me.

§ 155. The verb ' ee ' occurs without a word descriptive of the mode or place of
existence ; but it is confined to the third person, and is used rather to declare the
identity than the existence of a thing. ' Yukaq ' is used to declare that there is, and
wanida, that there is none ; as, Wakaqtaqka yukaq, there is a God ; Wakaqtaqka
wanida, there is no God.

54 SYNTAX.

§ 156. The bringing of two words together in the Dakota language answers all
the purposes of such a copula as our substantive verb ; as, Wakaqtaqka wa^te, {God
good) God is good ; wi kiq kata, {sun the hoi) the sun is hot ; de miye, {this I) this
is I ; hena iqyaq, {those stones) those are stones ; Danikota {Dakota-thou) thou art a
Dakota.

§ 157. From these examples it appears that there is no real necessity for such a
connecting link between words ; and accordingly we do not find any verb in the
Dakota language which simply predicates being. The Dakotas cannot say
abstractly, I am, thou art, he is ; but they can express all the modes and places of
existence.

PARTICIPLES.

Active.

§ 158. 1. Active participles follow the nouns and precede the verbs with which
they are used; as, mazakaq hduha yahi, {gun having thou-come) thou hast come
having thy gun.

2. The objective pronouns are used with and governed by active participles, in
the same way as by verbs ; as, mayuha yukaqpi, {me-haviiig they-remain) they still
retain me ; niyuha yapi kta, {thee-having they-go will) they will take thee along.

3. Active participles are used to denote prolonged or continued action; as,
kiksuya ui), he is remembering ; Wakaqtaqka dekiya uq, he is in the habit of praying
to God ; ialiaq iduqhaq, whilst he was speaking.

4. A few participles are used with the verbs from which they are derived ; as,
manihaq mani {walking walks) that is, he walks and does not ride; naiiqhaq na^iq,
{standing he stands) he gets up and stands.

5. Two verbs together may be used as participles without a conjunction ; as,
6eya patu^ ina^ii), {weeping stooping stands) he stands stooping and weeping.

Passive.

§ 159. 1. A verb used as a passive participle follows the noun to which it
relates ; as, taliir)6a kiq opi, the deer is shot.

2. Passive participles are used to make what may be called the passive form of
the verb ; as, ktepi, killed, niktepi kta, thou wilt be killed.

3. They are sometimes used independently as nouns ; as, ktepi kiq, the slain.

CHAPTER III.

NOUNS.
Position of Nouns.

§ 160. The place of the noun, whether subject or object, is before the verb ; as,
wamnaheza idaga, corn grows ; mini wa6iq, {water I-want) I want water.

Occasionally the subject comes after the verb ; as, eya Wakaqtaijka, said Ood.

NOUNS. 55

§ 161. When two nouns are used together, one the subject and the other the
object of the same verb, the subject is usually placed first (§ 67) ; as, tataqka peii
yutapi, {oxen grass eat) oxen eat grass ; Dakota Padani kig wi6aktepi (Dakota
Pawnee the them-killed) the Dakotas killed the Pawnees.

§ 162. Of two nouns in composition or combination the noun sustaining the
relation of possessor always precedes the name of the thing possessed. See § 68.

Numher.

§ 163, The principle on which the plural termination is employed is that of
placing it as near the end of the sentence as possible. The order in a Dakota
sentence is, first the noun, next the adjective, and lastly the verb. Hence, if a noun
or pronoun is used alone or has no word following it in the phrase, it may take
the plural ending ; if an adjective follows, it is attached to the adjective ; and if a
verb is used, it is attached to the verb.

1. When nouns are used to convey a plural idea, without qualificatives or
predicates, they have the plural termination; as, ninapepi, thy hands; hena
Dakotapi, those are Dakotas.

2. When a noun which represents an animate object is to be made plural, and is
followed by a qualificative or predicate, the sign of the plural is joined, not to the
noun, but to the qualificative or predicate ; as, widasta wastepi, good men ; ko^ka
kiq hipi, the young men have arrived ; wi6asta waste kiq hipi, the good men have
arrived.

§ 164. The plural of nouns representing animate objects in the objective case,
whether they are governed by active verbs or prepositions, is designated by ' wi6a '
following, which is prefixed to or inserted in the governing word; as, tahiqda
wi6aktepi, (deer them-they-kill) they kill deer ; Dakota ewidataqhaq, (Dakota them-
frorn) he is from the Dakotas.

CHAPTER IV.

ADJECTIVES.
Position.

§ 165. When the adjective is used simply as a qualifying term, it is placed
immediately after its noun ; as, wi6a6ta wa^te, good man ; 6aq ^i6a, had wood.

The adjective ik<5e, common, is placed before the noun which it qualifies, but its derivative ikceka comes
after ; as, ikce haijpa and hai)pikceka, common moccasins ; ikce wica^ta, a common man, an Indian.
The numeral adjectives, when used with cajj, a day, are placed before ; as, noijpa caq, two days, etc.

§ 166. When the adjective forms the predicate of a proposition, it is placed after
the article, and after the demonstrative pronoun, if either or both are used ; as,
wi6asta kiq wa^te, the man is good ; wida^ta kiq he wa^te, that man is good ;
taku e6anoq kiq he 6i6a, that which thou didst is bad.

56 SYNTAX.

Number.

§ 167. Adjectives, whether quaUficative or predicative, indicate the number of
the nouns or pronouns to which they belong; as, iqyaq sapa waq, a black stone;
inyar) sapsapa, black stones : tataqka kiq was'aka, the ox is stro7ig ; tataqka kiq
was'akapi, tke oxen are strong.

2. Adjectives do not take the plural form when that can be pointed out by the
verb of which the noun is either the subject or object (see §§ 163, 164); as,
wi6asta waste he kagapi, (man good that they-made) good men made that ;
Wakaqtaqka wi6asta waste nom wi6akaga, {Great-Spirit men good two them-
made) God made two good men.

3. As the numeral adjectives after waqzi, denote plurality by virtue of their
meaning, they may be used either with or without the plural termination; as,
widasta yamni, or wicasta yamnipi, three men.

NUMERAL ADJECTIVES.

§ 168. 1. Numeral adjectives used distributivcly take the reduplicated form ; as,
yamni, three, yamnimni, three and three, yamnimni idupi, they each took three, or they
took three of each.

2. Numeral adjectives are used alone, to express the number of times an event
occurs ; as, yamni yahi, thou earnest three tbaes. When a succession of acts is
spoken of, the word ' akihde ' is often used ; as, topa akihde yakutepi, you shot four
times successively.

§ 169. To supply the want of words like place and ways in English, the adver-
bial termination ' kiya ' is added to the numeral ; as, noqpakiya yakoqpi, they are in
two different places ; he topakiya oyakapi, thrt is told in four different ways.

§ 170. The Dakotas use the term haqke, one half ; but when a thing is divided
into more than two aliquot parts, they have no names for them ; that is, they have
no expressions corresponding to one third, one fourth, one fifth, etc. By those who
have made some progress in arithmetic, this want is supplied by the use of 'oq^pa'
and the ordinal numbers; as, oqspa iyamni, {piece third) one third ; oq^pa itopa,
{piece fourth) one fourth.

PRONOMINAL ADJECTIVES.

§ 171. Owasii) and iynlipa, all, sakim and napin, both, apa and huqli, some or a
pari, tonana and wanistiqna, few, a small quantity, uqma, the other, one of two, ota,
many, much, and some others, are sometimes used as adjectives qualifying nouns,
and sometimes stand in the place of nouns.

§ 172. 1. As the adjective 'ota,' many, much, conveys a plural idea, its redupli-
cated form 'onota' or ' odota,' is not used when speaking of inanimate objects,
except when different quantities or parcels are referred to ; as, ota awahdi, / have
brought home many or much ; odota awahdi, I have brought home much of different
kinds.

ADVERBS. 57

2. When ' ota ' relates to animate objects, it may have the plural termination, but
is generally used without it. When it relates to the human species, and no noun
precedes, it has ' wi6a ' prefixed ; as, wi6ota hipi, many persons came, or a multitude
of persons came.

3. When ' ota ' relates to a number of different companies of persons, it has
what may be called a double plural form, made by prefixing 'wi6a' and by
reduplication ; as, wi6ok6ota ahi, companies of persons have arrived.

Repetition and Omission of Adjectives.

§ 173. 1. When the same thing is predicated of two or more nouns connected
by conjunctions, the adjective is commonly repeated with each noun ; as, suktaqka
kir) waste ka (Saqpahmihma kii) wa^te, the horse is good, and the waggon is good.

2. But sometimes a single adjective is made to apply to all the nouns by using a
pronominal adjective or demonstrative pronoun ; as, suktaqka kiq ka daqpahmhma
kiq napin wa^te, the horse and the waggon are both good ; wi6aBta ka winohiqda kiq
hena wasteste, man and woman, they are beautiful ; Hepaq ka Hepi ka Hake, hena
iyuhpa haqskapi, Hepan, and Hepi, and Hake, they are all tall.

3. When two nouns are connected by the conjunction ' ko ' or ' koya,' also, the
adjective is only used once ; as, ^uktaqka 6aqpahmihma ko si6a, (horse waggon also
bad) the horse and the waggon also are bad.

CHAPTER V.

ADVERBS.

§ 174. Adverbs are used to quaUfy verbs, participles, adjectives, and other
adverbs ; and some of them may, in particular cases, be used with nouns and
pronoims ; as, iwastedaq mani, he walks slowly ; sidaya hduha uq, he is keeping it
badly; nina waste, very good ; kitaqna taqyaq, tolerably well; he 6aq sni, (that
wood not) that is not wood ; tonitaqhaq he, (whence-thou) whence art thou ?

Position.

§ 175. 1. Adverbs are commonly placed before the words which they qualify ;
as, tagyaq wauq, / am well ; 6i6aya ohaqyaqpi, they do badly ; nina waste, very
good.

2. a. The adverbs 'iiq6a' and 6ni' follow the words which they qualify; as,
wa^te hiq6a, very good ; e6oq kte hii)6a, he wishes very much to do it ; e6oqpi 6ni,
they did not do it.

b. The adverbs of time, ' kiqhai),' '6a' or 'e6a,' 'j^ehaq,' and ' 6oh,' are placed
after the words to which they relate ; as, yahi kiqhaq, when thou earnest ; waqyaka
e6a, when he sees it.

3. a. Interrogative adverbs commonly stand at the beginning of the clause or
sentence ; as, toke6a wowapi dawa sni he, why dost thou not read ?

H

58 SYNTAX.

b. But ' to,' a contracted form of ' toke6a,' and ' he,' the common sign of interro-
gation, stand at the end ; as, duhe sni to, why dost thou 7iot have it ? yahi he, hast
thou arrived ?

§ 176. Interrogative adverbs and others often prefix or insert personal pronouns ;
as, nitonakapi he, how many are there of you ? tonitaqhaq he, whence art thou ?
hemataqhaq, / am from that place.

Reduplication.

§ 177. 1. Most adverbs may make a plural form by doubling a syllable, in which
case they may refer either to the subject or the object of the verb, and are used
with verbs both in the singular and plural number ; as, taqyaq ecoq, he does it well;
taqtaqyaq e6oi), he has done several things well ; taqtaqyaq e6or)pi, they have done
well.

2. If the verb relates to the united action of individuals, the adverb is not
reduplicated ; but if the individuals are viewed as acting independently, the redupli-
cated form must be used ; as, suktaqka kiq tketkeya kiqpi, the horses carry each a
heavy load.

3. The reduplicated form of the adverb is used when reference is had to different
times, places, distances, etc. ; as, wi6a^ta kiq tehaq ni, the man lived long ; wi6asta
kig tehaqhaq nipi ede, men live long ; e6adar) wahi, / came soon ; e6a6adai) wahi,
I come frequently ; he haqskaya baksa wo, cut that long ; hena haqskaskaya baksa
wo, cut those long ; a^kadar) euqtipi, we encamped at a short distance ; a^ka^kadaq
euqtipi, we encamped at short distances.

Use of Certain Adverbs.

§ 178. 1. In general propositions, ' e6a ' or ' 6a,' when, is used with ' e6e ' or ' 6e '
at the end of the clause or sentence ; as, waniyetu 6a wapa 6e, when it is winter it
snows.

2, The particle '6e,' in most cases however, indicates the close of a direct
quotation of the words of oneself or of another ; as, de6en e6anoq kiqhar) yani
kta 6e, Wakaijtaqka eya 6e, if thou dost thus, thou shalt live, God said.

§ 179. In reply to questions which have the negative form, assent to the negative
proposition contained in the question is expressed by haq, yes, and dissent by hiya,
no ; as, yahi kte 6ni he ; haq, wahi kte km, thou wilt not come, wilt thou ? yes, I will
not come ; yahi kte sni he ; hiya, wahi kta, thou wilt not come, wilt thou ? no, I will
come. If the question be put affirmatively, the answer is the same as in English.

§ 180. 'Tohan' and 'kiqhai) ' are often used together with the same verb, in
which case ' tohan ' precedes the verb and ' kiqhaij ' follows it ; as, tohan yahi
kiqhai) mde kta, when thou comest I will go.

§ 181. When 'itokam' is used in reference to time, it is often preceded by the
adverb of negation ; as, yahi sni itokam, (thou-comest not before) before thou comest.

Negative.
§ 182. 1. Negation is expressed by placing after the verb, adjective,, noun, or

PREPOSITIONS. 59

pronoun, the adverb ' sni ;' as, mde sni, (I-go not) I did not go ; he (5ar) sni, {that
wood not) that is not wood.

2. An emphatic negation is sometimes indicated by ' ka6a,' which however is
seldom used except in contradicting what has been previously said ; as, yao kada,
thou didst 7iot hit it,

3. A negative used interrogatively often implies permission ; as, iyadu 6ni to, (dost
thou not take it ?) may signify, thou mayest take it.

§ 183. 1. In Dakota, two negatives make an affirmative ; as, wanida, there is
none ; wanide sni, {there-is-none not) i. e. there is some.

2. When two negative verbs are connected by a conjunction, the first may be
without the sign of negation ; as, kakipe (^a iyotaq taqka sni, (he-surpassed and
more great not) he neither surpassed nor was the greatest.

Signs of Interrogation.

§ 184. 1. ' He ' is the conmion interrogative particle, and is placed at the end of
the sentence ; as, widayada he, dost thou believe ?

2. When the person spoken to is at a distance, ' hwo,' compounded of ' he ' and
' wo,' is used ; as, toki da hwo, whither art thou going ? This last is not used by
females.

3. Sometimes ' ka ' is employed instead of ' he,' as the sign of interrogation ; as,
he taku hogaq ka, what kind offish is that ?

4. Sometimes, however, the interrogation is distinguished only by the tone of
voice. Unlike the English, the voice falls at the close of all interrogative sentences.

CHAPTER VI.

PREPOSITIONS.

§ 185. Prepositions are placed after the nouns which they govern.

a. Some are written as separate words (§ 89) ; as, maka kii) akan, on the earth ;
tipi idahda, by the house ; doqka^ke ekta, at the garrisoti. In this case plurality of
the noun is expressed by ' wida ' incorporated into the preposition ; as, tataijka kiq
widikiyedar), (ox the them-near-to) near to the oxen ; Dakota ewidataqhaq, from the
Dakotas.

b. Other prepositions are suffixed to nouns (§ 91); as, tiqtata, on the prairie;
magata, at the field ; daijyata, at the woods.

c. And others are prefixed to the following verb (§ 92) ; as, amani, to walk on;
idekiya, to pray for.

2. a. Pronouns governed by a preposition are sometimes prefixed to it, in which
case those prepositions which have ' i ' for their initial letter cause an elision of the
last vowel of the pronoun ; as, ikiyedaq, near to, mikiyedaq, near to me; itehai), far
from, nitehax), far from thee. If the pronoun is plural, the plural termination is
attached to the preposition ; as, urjketaqhaqpi, from us.

b. Sometimes the pronoun is inserted in the preposition, if the latter consists of
more than two syllables ; as, enitaghaq,yro»i thee.

60 SYNTAX.

c. And sometimes it is contained in the following verb ; as, en man, he is coming
to me, ekta nipi, they went to you.

§ 186. Of the two prepositions 'kidi ' and ' om,' both meaning with, the former
governs singular and the latter plural nouns ; as, he kidi mde kta, I will go with him;
hena om mde kta, / will go with them.

§ 187. 1, The names of the natural divisions of time, when they refer to the
past, terminate in ' haq,' and when to the future, in 'tu;' as, wehaq, last spring;
wetu, next spring.

The termination ' tu ' or ' etu,' in waniyetu, mdoketu, ptaijyetu, wetu, haijyetu, aijpetu, litayetu, etc.,
may have been originally a preposition, signifying, as it still does in other cases, at ot in ; and the ter-
mination ' hai),' in wanihaq, wehaQ, mdokehai), ptiqhai), etc., is probably the adverbial ending.

2. The preposition ' i ' prefixed to the natural divisions of time signifies the next
after ; as, iwetu, the spring following ; imdoketu, the next summer ; ihaqliaqna, the
next morning.

CHAPTER VII.

CONJUNCTIONS.

§ 188. 1. Conjunctions commonly stand between the words or sentences which
they connect ; as, mahpiya ka maka, heaven and earth ; wai)6iyaka tuka iye6i6iye
sni, / saw thee hut I did not recognise thee ; e6oij yasi esta ecoq kte sni, {do thou-
told although, do will not) although thou told him to do it, he will not.

2. But the conjunctions ' ko ' or ' koya ' and ' ahna ' are placed after the words
they connect ; as, 6ar)ka waqhi ko mduha, (f re-steel flint also I have) I-have flint
and steel ; malipiya maka ahna kaga, he made heaven and earth.

§ 189. 'Uqkai} ' and 'ka' both signify and, but they are used somewhat differ-
ently, ' ka ' denoting a closer connexion than ' uqkaq.'

1. When two or more verbs having the same nominative are connected by a
copulative conjunction, 'ka' is commonly used; as, ekta wai ka waqmdaka, I went
and saw. But if a new nominative is introduced, ' uqkaq ' will be required j as,
ekta wai uqkaq waqmayakapi, I went there and they saw me.

2. When after a period the sentence begins with a conjunction, ' ka ' is not used
unless the sentence is closely connected with the preceding one.

3. ' Uqkar) ' never connects single nouns or adjectives, 'ka' and ' ko ' being
used for that purpose ; as, waste Ika ksapa, good and wise ; 6aq mini ko, wood and
water.

For the use of the conjunctions kiqhai], uqkaijs, and tuki, see § 133.

§ 190. The words ' edit) ' and ' nakaes,' although more properly adverbs, often
supply the place of conjunctions ; as, he waku, e6ir) makida, / gave that to him,
because he asked me for it ; he tewahiqda, nakae^ hededaq mduha, / refused that,
because it was the only one I had.

§ 191. The idea conveyed by the conjunction than, cannot be expressed in
Dakota directly. Such a phrase as, " It is better for me to die than to live," may

INTERLINEAR TRANSLATIONS. 61

indeed be rendered by an awkward periphrasis, in several ways ; as, mate 6'\x} he
wa^te ka wani kii) he 6i6a, for me to die is good, and to live is bad ; wani kiq he
wa^te esta mate 6iq he iyotaq wa^te, although it is good for me to live, it is more
good for me to die ; or, mate kte 6iq he waste ^a wani kte 6iq he ^ica, that I shoidd
die is good, and that I should live is had.

§ 1!}2. The conjunction or is represented by 'Ika is ;' but the sentences in which
it is introduced have not the same brevity as in EngHsh ; as, J do not know whether he
is there or not, hen uq ^a is hen uq sni, uqma tukte iye6etu sdonwaye sni, (there is or
there is not, which of the two I know not ;) Is that a horse or an ox ? he suktaqka ka
i^ tataqka uqma tukte hecetu he, {that horse or ox, which of the two ?)

CHAPTER VIII.

INTERJECTIONS. ,

§ 193. Some interjections have no connexion with other words, while others are
used only as a part of a sentence. When connected with other words, interjections
usually stand at the beginning of the phrase. Considerable knowledge of their
use is necessary to enable one to understand the language well, as the interjections
not only serve to indicate the feelings of the speaker, but often materially modify
the meaning of a sentence ; as, hehehe, didita oq mate kta, oh ! I shall die of
heat ; " Wi6oni kiq iho bee; wi6oni kiq he wi6asta iyoiiaq^aq kiq iho hee," {Life
the lo ! that is ; life the that man light the lo ! that is) John i. 4.

CHAPTER IX.
INTERLINEAR TRANSLATIONS.

PARABLE OF THE PRODIGAL SON — Luke xv. 11-32.
Wida^ta waq 6iqhiqtku noqpa : uqkaq hakakata kiq he atkuku kiq

Man a son-Ids two : and youngest the that father-Ms the

hediya : Ate, woyuha mitawa kte 6iq he midu-wo, cya. Uqkag

said-to-him : Father, goods mine will-he the that me-mine-give, he-said. And

woyuha kiq yuakipam wi6a^u. Uqkaq iyohakam aqpetu tonana, diqhiqtku

goods the dividing them-he gave. And after day few, son-Ms

hakakta \ox) he owasiq witaya tpahi, ka itehaqyaq makode waq ekta

youngest that-was that all together Ms-gathered, and a-far-off country a to

idimani ya ; l^a hen sihaq ohaqyaqpi kiq oq, taku yuhe diq owasiq hdutakunisni.

travelling went ; and thei-e bad doings the by, what he-liad the all he-destroyed.

Uqkaq owasiq waqna hdusote (Jehaq, makode kiq he en widaakihaq liiqda ;

And all now he-had-spent when, country the that in famine very ;

uqkaq hiqnakaha widakiia. Uqkaq makode kiq hen uqpi kiq waq^i ti kiq ekta

and consequently he-was-in want. And country the there dwelt the one house the to

62 SYNTAX.

i, ka ki6i yaqka; uqkar) he raaga kiq ekta kuku^e wo widaku kte yesi.

went, and with was ; and that-one field the to swine food tliem-give should sent.

Uqkai) kukuse taku yutapi kiq hee^ or) wipiicjiye wa6iq ; tuka tuwedai} dotoku

And swine what eat the even-that with fill-himself desired ; but some-one food-gave-him

sni. Uqkai) waqna i(Jiksuye (Jehar) heya: Ate wi6asta opewi6atoi) kiq

not. And now remembered- himself when ihis-said : My-father man ihem-bought the

he6a tona wi6ayuha, ka hena aguyapi iyaki(;uya yuhapi, tuka miye \e

such how-many them-has, and those bread more-than-cnough have, but I myself

wotektehdapi kiq oq atakunisni amayaq ce. Ito nawaiiq, \di ate ekta

hunger the by-means-of to-nothing I-go. Lo! I-arise, and my-father to

wahde (Ja, hewakiye kta ; Ate, malipiya kiq ekta ka niye nakuq nitokam

J-go-home and, to-him-I-say-this will ; Father, heaven the against and thee also thee-before

wawattani; k^- detaqhaq 6iq6amayaye kta iyema6e6e 6ni; wi6asta

I-have-sinned ; and from-this time, child-me-thou-have shouldst such-I not ; man

opewi6ayatoq kiq hees waq^i iye6e6a makaga wo, epe kta 6e, eya. Unkaq

them-thou-hast-bought the even one like me-maJce, I-say will, he-said. And

na^iq-hiyaye, <Ja atkuku ekta ki. Tuka nahahiq itehaq ku, atkuku

he-arose-up, and father-his to went-home. But while-still far-off coming-home, father-his

waqhdake <Ja, oqsikida ka, iqyaqg ye ^a, poskin hduze (Ja, iikputaka. Uqkaq

saw-him, and had-compassion, and running went, and by-the-neck clasped, and kissed-him. And

6iqhiqtku kiq he6iya : Ate, malipiya kiq ekta ka niye nitokam wawaitani, ka

son-Ms the this-said-to-him : Father, heaven the to and thee thee-before I-have-sinned, and

detaqhaq 6iq6araayaye kte 6iq he iyema6e6e 6ni, eya.

from-this-time child-me-thou-have shouldst the that such-I not, he-said.

Tuka atkuku kiq taokiye kiq hewidakiya : Sina iyotaq waste kiq he au-po, ka

But father-his the his-servant the this-to-them-said : Blanket most good the that bring, and

iqkiya-po ; ka mazanap6upe waq nape kiq en iyekiya-po ; ka siha haqpa ohekiya-

put-on-him-ye ; and finger-ring a hand the on put-ye ; and feet moccasins put-on-him

po ; ka ptei;i6adaq demyapi kiq he den au-po, ka kte-po ; wauqtapi ka

ye ; and cow-calf fatted the that here bring-ye, and kill-ye ; toe-eat and

uqkiyu^kiqpi kta 6e. Midiqksi kiq de ta, uqkaq kini ; taqiqsni ka iyeyapi,

we-rejoice will. My-son the this dead, and livcs-again ; lost and is-found,

eya. Uqkaq hiqnakaha wiyuskiqpi.

he-said. And immediately they-rejoiced.

Uqkaq 6iqhiqtku tokapa koq, he magata uq : uqkaq tikiyadaq ku 6a

And son-his eldest that-was, that field-at was : and house-near-to come-home when

dowaqpi ka wa6ipi nahoq. Uqkaq ookiye waq^i kipaq, ka hena token kapi

singing and dancing he-heard. And servant one he-called-to, and these-things how meant

hediqhaq, he iwaqga. Uqkaq he6iya : Nisuqka hdi ; uqkaq

if that he-inquired. And he-said-this-to-him : Thy-younger-brother has-come-home ; and

ni uq ka zaniyaq hdi kiq ; heoq-etaqhaq niyate pteiidadaq 6emyapi

alive is and wfU has-come-home the ; therefore thy-father cow-calf fatted

INTERLINEAR TRANSLATIONS. 63

koq he kikte 6e, eya. Uqkar) he(5en sihda, ka tin kihde wadiq

that-was that killed, he-said. Arid so he-was-angry, and into-the-house he-go-home desired

sni ; hehan atkuku kiq taqkan hiyu ka 6ekiya, Uqkai) hehan wayupte ^a
not; then father-his the out came and besought-him. And then he-answered and

atkuku kiq he6iya ; Iho, waniyetu ota waqna wao6i(jiye, ^a iyae 6ir)

father-his the this-said-to ; Lo ! winter many noto I-have-kelped-thee, and thy-word the

tohiqni kawape sni ; he6e6a esta, kodawi6awaye 6iq om wimduskiq kta

ever I-^assed-heyond not ; thus although, friend-them-I-have the with I-?-ejoice might

e tohiqni ta6iq6adar) waq^i mayaku sni de : Tuka nidiqksi witkowiqpi kiq om

at-any-time deer-child one me-thou-gavest not : But thy-son harlots the with

woyuha nitawa kir) temniciye 6ii) de hdi 6a, waqdake ptei;i6adaq 6emyapi

property thy the eaten-up-for-thee the this come-home when, ai-once cow-calf fatted

kir) he ye6i6ata 6e, eya. Ugkag he6iya ; Ciqs ohiijniyai) raidi

the that thou-for-him-hast-killed, he-said. And this-he-said-to-him ; Son always me-with

yaui) ; ka taku mduhe 6iq he iyulipa nitawa. Nisuqka kiq de ta ur)kaq

thou-art ; and what I-have the that all thine. Thy-younger-brother the this loas-dead and

kini; taqiq^ni, unkaq iyeyapi kiq heoi) etaqhaq ito, 6ai)te urjwastepi ka

has-come-to-life ; was-lost, and is-found the therefore lo ! heart we-good and

uijkiyuskiqpi kte 6ir) he he6etu 6e, eya 6e.

we-rejoice should the that is-right, he-said.

THE LORD'S PEAYER,
Itaqdaq tawo6ekiye kiq.

Lord Ms-prayer the.

Ateuqyaqpi malipiya ekta naqke 6iq ; Ni6aie kiq wakaqdapi kte ; Nitokidoqze

Faiher-we-have heaven in thou-art the ; Thy-name the holy-regarded shall ; Thy-kingdom

kiq u kte. Malipiya ekta token nitawadiq e6oqpi kiq, maka akan heden edoqpi

the come shall. Heaven in how thy-will is-done the, earth upon so done

nuqwe. Aqpetu kiq de taku-yutapi uqku-po : Is.a, wauqhtanipi kig uqki6i6ai;uzu-po,

may-it-be. Bay the this food us-give : and our-trespasses the erase-for-us,

ugki^ iyeden tona e6iqsniyaq ugkokidihaqyaqpi hena iye6en wi6uqki6i6a^uiupi

■we like-as as-may-as wrongly have-done-to-us those even-as ihem-we-forgive

kii). Wowawiyutaqye kiq he en iyaye uqyaqpi sni-po, ka taku si6a etaqhaq

the. Temptation the that into to-go us-cause not, and what bad from

euqhdaku-po. Wokidoqze kig, wowa^'ake kiq, wowitaq kiq, henakiya owihaqke

US-deliver. Kingdom the, strength the, glory the, all-these end

wanin nitawa nuqwe. Amen.

none thine may -be. Amen.

64 SYNTAX.

THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT.
Woahope itopa.

Commandment fourth.

Aqpetu-okilipapi kiq he kiksuye (Ja wakaq da-wo. Aqpctu sakpe htayani ka

Day-of-rest the that remember and holy regard. Day six thou-labor and

nitohtani kiq owasiq e6anoq kta. Tuka aqpetu i^akowiq kiq he aqpetu-okihpapi,

thy-work the all thou-do shall. But day seventh tlie that day-of-rest,

Yehowa Taku-Wakai} nitawa kiq he tawa, he en wi<Solitani takudaq e6anoq kte

Jehovah God thy the that his, that in work some-little thou-do shall

sni, niye ka ni6ii)ksi, ni6uqksi, wi6asta nitaokiye, wiqyaq nitaokiye, nitawote6a,

not, thou and thy-son, thy-daughter, man thy-servant, woman thy-servant, thy-cattle,

ka tuwe toke6a nitatiyopa kiq en uq kiq henakiya.

and whoever else thy-door the in is the so-many.

Aqpetu sakpe en Yehowa mahpiya, maka, miniwaq6a ka taku ohnaka ko owasiq

Day six in Jehovah heaven, earth, water-all and what is-in also all

kaga ; uqkaq aqpetu isakowiq kiq he en okihpa, he6en Yehowa aqpetu-okihpapi

made ; and day seventh the that in rested, so Jehovah day-of-rest

kiq he hdawaste ka hduwakaq.

the that blessed and hallowed.

DICTIONARY

or THE

DAKOTA LANGUAGE.

P AE T I.

DAKOTA-ENGLISH.

ABA

a, the first letter of the Dakota alphabet. It has

but one uniform sound, that of a in father.
a, an inseparable preposition or prefix.

1. Prefixed to verbs and adjectives, it usually

means on or upmi : as, magazu, to rain,
amagazu, to rain on ; mani, to walk, amani,
to walk on; haq, to stand, ahai), to stand
on ; waste, good, awaste, to he good on or
in addition to, to become, befit.

2. In some cases it gives a causative meaning to

the verb : as, u, to come, au, to bring ; ja,
to go, aya, to take.

3. It forms a collective plural in the case of some

verbs of motion : as, au, they come ; aya,
they go ; ahi, they have arrived.

4. Prefixed to nouns, it sometimes makes adverbs :

as, wanica, none, awanin or awaninya, in a
destroying way ; paha, a hill, apahaya, hill-
like.

5. It makes nouns of some verbs : as, bapta, to

cut off from, abapte, a cutting on, caij aba-
pte, a cutting-board.

a, intj. inseparable, expressing incredulity or con-
tempt. It is usually followed by ka or kaca : as
awaltcka, amalcukaca.

a, n. the armpit.

a. V. imperat. only ; hark, listen : a, a wo, a ye ;
pi. a po, am, a miye.

a-a', n. mould.

a-a', adj. mouldy.

a-a', V. n. to mould, become mouldy.

a-a'-mna, v. n. (aa and omna) to sm^ll mouldy.

a-ba'-hda, v. a. to shave off with a knife, as the fat
from guts, — abawahda, abayahda.

a-ba'-hda-hda, v. red. of abahda.

a-ba'-ka, v. a. (a and baka) to cut or split the
feather from a quill ; fig. to be straight or with-
out wrong doing ; abakapi se wauij, — abawaka.

a-ba'-ke-za, v. a. (a and bakeza) to cut off smooth,

as a feather for an arrow, — abawakeza, abaya-

keza.
a-ba'-kpar), v. a. (a and bakpai)) to cut fine

on, make fine on, as in cutting tobacco : cai)

abakpai), a tobacco-board, — abawakpai), abaya-

kpai).
a-ba'-ksa, v. a. (a and baksa) to cut off, as a

stick, on any thing, loith a knife, — abawaksa,

abauijksapi.
a-ba'-ksa-ksa, v. red. of abaksa.
a-ba'-ksis, v. cont. of abakiiza : abaksis iyeya,

to double or shut up, as a knife, on any thing.
a-ba'-ksi-za, v. a. (a and baksiia) to shut up on,

as a pocket-knife, — abawaksiia, abayaksiza.
a-ba'-ke-za, v. a. (a ant^ bakeza) to split the fea-
ther end of a quill ; to cut off, as the ribs of an

animal on, — abawakeza, abaya^eza, abauijke-

zapi.
a-ba'-mda-za, v. a. (a and bamdaza) to cut or

rip open on, — abawamdaza, abayamdaza, abauij-

mdazapi.
a-ba'-mde-ca, v. a. (a and bamdeca) to break

by cutting on any thing, as something brittle ; to

cut up in pieces on, — abawamdeca, abayamdec'a,

abaurjmdecapi.
a-ba'-mden, v. cont. of abamdeca: abamden

iyeya.
a-ba'-pon, cont. of abapota.
a-ba'-po-ta, v. a. (a and bapota) to cut in pieces

on, destroy on any thing, by cutting with a knife,

— abawapota, abayapota, abauqpotapi.
a-ba'-psa-ka, v. a. (a and bapsaka) to cut off on,

as a cord or string, with a knife, — abawapsaka,

abayapsaka, abauijpsakapi.
a-ba'-pta, v. a. (a and bapta) to cut off from, as

a piece ; to cut on, as clothes on a board, — aba-

wapta, abayapta, abauijptapi.

ABA

ACA

a-ba'-pte, n. caq abapte, a cutting -board.
a-ba'-ptus, V. cont. of abaptu^a : abaptu^ iyeya.
a-ba'-ptu-za, v. a. (a and baptuza) to split or

crack by cutting on any tbing ; to crack or split,

as a knife-handle, in cutting on any thing, — aba-

waptuza, abayaptu^a.
a-ba'-SO, v. a. (a and baso) to cut off a string

from ; to cut a string on any thing, — abawaso,

abayaso.
a-ba'-so-SO, v. red. of abaso ; to cut strings from ;

to cut into strings on, — abawasoso.
a-ba'-sda, v. a. (a and basda) to make bare on,

shave off with a knife on ; to cut, as grass, in

addition to what is already done, — abawasda,

abayasda, abauijsdapi.
a-ba'-tpar), v. a. Same as abakpai), which see.
a-ba'-zan, v. cont. of abazata : abazan ostaij, to sit

astride, be placed on astride.
a-ba'-za-ta, v. a. (a and bazata) to make a split

on, — abawazata.
a-bo'-ksa, v. a. (a and boksa) to break off by

shooting on ; to break off by punching on, — abo-

waksa, aboyaksa, abouriksapi.
a-bo'-ku-ka, v. a. (a and bokuka) to shoot or

punch to pieces on, — abowakuka, aboyakuka, abo-

uijkukapi.
a-bo'-ke-ga, v. a. (a and bo]j[Cga) to miss fire

on, as in trying to shoot ; to snap a gun on, —

abowakega, aboyat:ega, abouijlfegapi, aboma-

kega.
a-bo'-keh, v. cont. of aboljega : abokeli iyeya.
a-bo'-mda-za, v. a. (a and bomdaza) to tear open

by shooting on any thing,— abowamdaza, aboya-

mdaza.
a-bo'-mde-ca, v. a. (a and bomdeca) to break in

pieces by shooting or punching on, — abowamdeca,

aboyamdeca, abouijmdecapi.
a-bo'-mden, v. cont. of abomdec'a : abomden

iyeya.
a-bo'-mdu, v. n. (a ami bomdu) to blow up on,

as by the wind ; to bubble up on, as water ; said

■when a multitude gathers around one, — aboma-

mdu.
a-bo'-mdu-mdu, v. red. of abomdu ; to bubble up,

as water.
a-bo'-po-ta, v. a. (a and bopota) to shoot to pieces

on any thing, — abowapota, aboyapota, abouripo-

tapi.
a-bo'-psa-ka, v. a. (a and bopsaka) to break off,

as a cord, by shooting on, — abowapsaka, aboya-

psaka.
a-bo'-pta, V. a. (a and bopta) to punch off a piece,

by .striking on any thing, with the end of a stick,

— abowapta, aboyapta, abouijptapi.
;a-bo'-ptus, v. cont. of aboptuia : aboptus iyeya.

a-bo'-ptu-za, v. a. (a and boptuia) to split or

crack, as an arrow, by shooting against any thing ;

or, as a stick, in punching, — abowaptuia, aboya-

ptuza, abourjptuzapi.
a-bo'-sda, v. a. (a and bosda) to make bare on

by punching, — abowasda.
a-bo'-sdo-ka, v. a. (a and bosdoka) to shoot off

on ; to empty the contents of a gun on any thing,

by shooting at it : mazakai) abosdoka, — abowa-

sdoka, aboyasdoka, abouqsdokapi.
a-bo'-ta-ku-ni-snl, v. a. (a and botakunisni) to

destroy by shooting or punching on any thing, —

abowatakunisni, aboyatakunisni, abouritakunipi-

sni.
a-ea'-ga, v. n. (a and caga) to freeze in, on, or

upon ; to become ice upon, — amacaga.
a-ea'-ga-sda-ya, adj. all smooth with ice, icy.

Same as acal'isdaya.
a-cah'-sna-sna, v. n. (a caga and snasna) to rat-
tle, as icicles formed on any thing.
a-eah-sda-ya, adj. (a caga and Maya) all icy,

covered with ice, as trees when rain is frozen

on them.
a-ca'-ksil), v. a. to step over, pass over, jump

over ; to avoid, pass by, neglect ; to transgress, —

acawaksii), ac'ayak^ii), acaui)ksii)pi, acamaksii),

acaciksii), etc. ; woacaksii), passing over.
a-ea'-ksii^-ya, v. a. to cause to pa^s over, — aca-

ksiijwaya, acaksiijmayai).
a-6a'-ksiii-yai), adv. passing over.
a-earj'-cai), v. n. (a and caijcaij) to shake on

account of, — amacaijcar).
a'-car)-ear), v. a. to apply oneself to intensely :

ac'aijcai) hirica; ac'aricai) ecoqpi, i. q. akiptai)

ecoi)pi, — awacar)cai), flyacaqcai).
a-eai)'-ka-ska, v. a. (a c'ai) ar^d kaska) to bind

wood on ; to inclose on, fence in, — acaijwaka-

ska.
a-car)'-ku-ya, v. a. (a caijku and ya) to make a

road on ; to pass through on, — acarikuwaya.
a-ear)'-ku-ya, adv. lying on, as a road ; passing

through.
a-earj'-ni-yai), v. n. (a and c'ai)niyai)) to be

angry for, — acaijmaniyar), acarjniniyai), acaqni-

ui)yar)pi.
a-eai)'-ni-ye-ya, v. a. to be angry at one on

account of something, — aca^niyewaya, acaijni-

yeui)yai)pi.
a-ear)'-nui)-pa, v. a. (a and c'ai)nui]pa) to smoke

on or after, as after eating,— ac^aqnurjmuopa.

Sec caijnuijpa.
a-car)'-te-si-ea, v. n. (a cai)to and sica) to be sad

on account of. See icaqtesic'n.
a-ear)'-te-sin-ya, adv. sorrouf ally for.
aeaq'-te-sin-ya-keii, adv. sadly for.

ACA

AGU

a-ca'-pa, v. a. (a and dap.i) to stab an, stkk in ;

to take studies in or on, — acawapa, acayapa.
a-cem'-ya, v. a. of adepa : to make fat for a cer-
tain purpose, — acemwaya.
a-cem'-ya-ken, adv. in a state of fatteninj for :

acemyaken Lde.
a-ce'-pa, v. n. (a and c'epa) to be fat for, be in

good order ; to he getting fatter : i. q. kitai)na

cepa.
a-ce'-sdi, v. a. (a and c'esdi) to cesdi on any

thing, — adewasdi, ac'eyasdi. See cesdi.
a-oe'-sdi, n. something to cesdi on, as a diaper.
a-6e'-ti, v. a. (a and deti) to make a fire on or at,

as a log ; to heat, as a gun-lock, for the purpose

of hardening ; to burn, as stone or brick, in a

kiln, — adewati, adeyati, adeuqtipi.
a-ce'-ya, v. a. (a and deya) to cry for any thing,

as a child does ; to mourn for, as for one dead, —

awadoya, ayadeya, uijkadeyapi.
a-ce'-ya-pi, ^rf. crying for, cried for.
a-eor]'-ka-ske, ra. a place fenced in, a fort. See

doijkaske.
a-eo'-pa, v. a. (a and dopa) to wade into the

loater for any thing, — adowapa, adoyapa, adoui)-

papi.
a-Cu', V. n. (a and du) to dew on, bedeie.
a-eu', n. and prep, dew upon.
a-eu'-ya, v. a. to cause dew upon, to hedeio,—

aduwaya.
a-de'-tka, n. a. branch or limb of a tree ; a limb,

as of the body.
a-de'-za, v. a. (a and deza) to urinate on any

thing,— awadeia, ayadeia, ui)kadeiapi.
a-de'-za, n. a diaper.
a-di', V. a. to climb up, climb a tree ; to climb

over, as a fence ; to ascend, as a liill, — awadi,

ayadi, uqkadipi.
a-di'-di, v. red. of adi.
a-di'-di-ya, adv. red. of adiya.
a-di'-di-ya-ken, adv. in a climbing manner.
a-di'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to climb, — adiwakiya.
a-di'-ya, adv. climbing.
a-di'-ya-ken, adv. in a climbing way.
a-do'-kso, V. a. (prob. of doksi) to fold up the

arms ; to put the hand under the arm, — adowa-

kso, adoyakso, adouijksopi.
a-do'-kso-hai), v. a. to fold in the arms ; to put

under the arm, as one's cap, — adowaksohar) :

adoksohar) idu, to fold in the arms, — adoksohari

iwadu.
a-dos', cont. of adoza.

a-dos'-dos, cont. of adosdoza : adosdos mahiqhda.
a-dos'-dos-ye-ca, v. n. to experience a burning sen-
sation ; to become angry, — adosdoswayeca. See

adosya.

a-dos '-do-za, v. n. red. of adoza ; to be scorched,
but not cooked, as something held in the flame.

a-dos'-ya, v. a. to scorch, as meat held in the
flame ; to have one's feelings touched by any cir-
cumstance, to be made angry ; adosyapi seksen
hiijhda, to experience a burning sensation, as in
sickness ; adosyapi se kiijyaqka, to run just as
fast as one can ; adosye hiqda, — adoswaya, ados-
yaya, adosuijyaijpi.

a-do'-AVai7, v. a. (a and dowai)) to sing in praise
of any one ; to sing for, as for the death of an
enemy — this the Dakotas do when they go to war
against their enemies, and desire to take their
lives ; widasta adowai), to sing to a man, to sing
the praises of a man ; zitkadai) pa adowar), to
sing over the heads of birds — this expresses a
custom which the Dakotas have, when a man
takes some woodpeckers' heads and sings over
them to anotlier person, expecting to receive from
him in return a horse, or some valuable consider-
ation. In this case, the individual mentions the
honorable deeds of the person to whom he gives
the birds' heads, and sings his praise, — awado-
wai), ayadowai), uqkadowaripi.

a-do'-za, v. n. to he scorched, but not cooked ; tai)-
cai) adoza se ; adoza se hiijhda, to feel a scorched
sensation pass over the body, as in a fever.

a'-e-ta-hnag-ya, adv. toioards, through, among.

a'-e-ta-hna-ka, prep, towards.

a'-e-to-O-pta, prep, towards.

a'-e-tO-O-pte-ya, adv. towards, in that direction.

a'-e-to-pta, prep. in the direction of a certain
object.

a'-e-to-pte-ya, adv. in that direction, jMst a cer-
tain point.

a'-ga, V. n. to make a sj)lash, as a fish jumping up
in the water ; to fall or jump into water with a
splash, — ago iijTipaya, ago iwahpamda, age ui)ki-
hpayapi.

a'-ge, V. n. See aga.

a-gi', V. n. (a and gi) to be covered with rust, mil-
dewed ; to have a rusty or brown stain.

a-gu', V. n. (a and gu) to burn on any thing ; to
burn on account of or by reason of any thing.

a-gu', part, burnt cm.

a-gu'-gu, V. n. red. of agu.

a-gu'-gu-ya, v. a. red. of aguya ; to cause to bum
on.

a-gu'-ya, v. a. to cause to burn on, — aguwaya,
aguyaya, aguuijyaijpi.

a-gu'-ya-pi, n. (aguya) bread, so called because
burned or baked ; wheat bread, especially ; ivheat ;
wamnaheza aguyapi, corn bread.

a-gu'-ya-pi-hu, n. wheat growing ; wheat straw.

a-gu'-ya-pi-i-ca-par), n. a flail.

AGU

6

AHD

a-gu'-ya-pi-mdu, n. jiour.

a-gu'-ya-pi-su, n. wheat not ground, the grain

of wheat.
a-gu'-ya-pi-ta-ca-gu, w. leavened bread, because

like the lungs, dagu.
a-ha'-ha-y e-dar), adv. not firmly, moveahly. See

hahayedar).
a-ha'-kam, adv. after. Not much used. See oha-

kam.
a-ha'-kam-ye-dar), adv. not deep, shallow ; said

of dipping up any thing when it is shallow.
a-hai)', V. n. (a and hai)) to stand on, rest on, —

awahaq, ayaliai), uijkahaijpi. Ahe dii), a founda-
tion.
a-hai)', V. imperat. only ; tahe care : ahaij dusna

kta, take care, you will mistake.
a-har)', intj. of assent : from hai), yes.
a-har)'-hai), v. red. of ahai), to stand on ; and also

of ahai), to take care.
a-hai)'-ke-ta, adv. at the end. See ihaijketa.
a-har)'-ke-ya, adv. immediately, then, following,

at the end of.
a-hai)'-nide, v. a. (a and hai)mde) to dream about

something wakar), — awahaijmde.
a-har)'-mna, v. a. (a and haijmna) to dream

about any thing, — awaharimna, ayahaijmna.
a-har) '-zi, v. n. to be shady upon, oversluidowed,

— amahaijzi.
a-hai)'-zi-ya, v. a. to overshadow, cause shade

upon, make dark upon ; to screen from the sun ;

to reveal to one, as the shadows of things going

before ; to give a presentiment of, — ahar)ziwaya,

ahai)zimayai).
a-hda', v. a. (a and hda) to take home, carry or

bear home, — awahda, ayahda, uijkahdapi, amahda,

acihda, wicuijkahdapi.
a-hda', v. col. pi. of hda ; they go home.
a-hda'-har), v. a. (ahda and hai)) to stand carry-
ing home.
a-hda'-hai}, v. n. to bear up, be strong enough to

bear, as ice, — amahdahai), ui)kahdahar)pi, awieV

hdahai).
a-hda'-hai], v. col. pi. they keep going home one

after awther.
a-hda'-Rpa, v. pos. of akahpa ; to throw, as a

garment, over one's own ; to cover one's own, —

awahdahpa.
a-hda'-hpe-ki-tor), v. pos. of akahpetoi) ; to

clothe or cover one's own, — ahdaEpewakitoi), ahda-

hpeyakitoi).
a-hda'-hpe-toi], v. pos. of akahpetoi) ; to clothe

one's own, — ahdahpewatoi), ahdahpeyatoi).
a-hda'-hpe-ya, v. pos. of akahpeya ; to cover

one's own, — ahdahpewaya, ahdafipeur)yai)pi : ta-

ku ^ahd^peyapi, clothes. See aihdahpeya.

a-hda'-ksii]S, or a-hda-ksis : ahdak^iqs waijka,

to lie curled up on one's side : ahdaksiijs muqka.
a-hda'-psii), adv. bottom upwards, said of a boat

or any thing turned up.
a-hda'-psir)-yar), adv. bottom up : ahdapsiijyai)

elipeya, and ahdapsiriyai) iyeya, to turn bottom

side up, — ahdapsiijyar) iyewaya.
a-hda'-pta, v. n. (a and hdapta) to cease to fall

on, as rain, — -amahdapta. See hdapta.
a-hda'-pta, v. a. (a and hdapta) to dip or lade out
from one's own kettle, etc., — awahdapta. See

kapta.
a-hda'-ski-ea, v. a. pos. of akasHc'a ; to press

dmon on one's man, — awahdaskic'a. Part., face

down, prone, headlong.
a-hda'-skin, part. cont. of ahdaskica ; on the face,

prone : ahdaskin chpeya, to throw down cm the

face ; ahdaskin ihpaya, to fall down on the face,

— ahdaskin iwahpamda, ahdaskin iyahpada.
a-hda'-ski-ca, v. pos. of aka^kida and ayaskida ;

to sjnt out on something of one's own, — awahda-

skida, ayahda^kica.
a-hda'-star), v. pos. of akastai) and aya^taij ; to

throw or spill, as water, cm one's own ; to cease

speaking or eating.
a-hda'-ta, v. pos. of akata ; to hoe one's ovm, as

corn, etc, — awahdata, ayahdata.
a-hda'-ta, v. a. to chorus to, answer or respond to

in music, — awidawahdata, / respond to them.
a-hda '-ta-he-darj, v. dim. of ahdata.
a-hde', v. Same as ahda.
a-hde', v. a. (a and hde) to place or make stand

on, — awahde, ayahde, uijkahdepi.
a-hde '-haq, n. a foundation.
a-hde'-he-eir], n. a foundation.
a-hde'-hi-ye-ya, part, placed one after another.
a-hde'-ki-ya, v. a. (ahda and kiya) to cause to take

home, — ahdewakiya, ahdeyakiya, ahdeuijkiyapi.
a-hde '-ska-daii, n. a lizard.
a-hde '-ska-na, n. (Ihank.) Same as ahdeskadai).
a-hde'-ye-ya, part, placed one after another.
a-hde '-yus, v. cont. of ahdeyuza : ahdeyus kute,

to shoot holding the gun against the object, or

very near it.
a-hde '-yu-za, v. a. to hold against, hold near to ;

to come near to, — ahdemduza.
a-hdi', V. a. to bring or carry home, — awahdi,

ayahdi, ugkahdipi.
a-hdi', V. col. pi. of hdi ; they come home together.
a-hdi'-i-ya-pe, v. (ahdi and iyape) to wait for

their coming home ; to lie in wait by the way, —

ahdiiyawape.
a-hdi'-ya-haq, v. «.. to fly home and alight, as

fowls ; col. pi. of hdiyaiai), to come in sight and

stop, as on a hill, fomii}^ borne.

AHD

AHI

a-hdi'-ya-hda, v. a. (ahdi and ahda) to carry
home again, — awahdiyahda, ayahdiyahda. See
akiyahda.

a-hdi'-ya-hda, v. col. pi. they pass home.

a-hdi'-ya-hda-har], v. col. jil. they continue to
pass home.

a-hdi'-ya-ku, v. a. (ahdi and aku) to start to
bring home again, — awalidiyaku, ayahdiyaku.

a-hdi'-ya-ku, v. col. pi. of hdidu ; they start to
come home together.

a-hdi'-ya-pe, v. See alidiiyape.

a-hdi'-ya-pe-pe, v. n. to skip, as something flat
thrown along on the surface of the water.

a-hdi'-ya-pe-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to skip along
on the surface, as a stone or chip on the water, —
ahdiyapepewaya.

a-hdi'-yo-hi, v. col. pi. of hdiyohi ; they reach
home on returning.

a-hdi'-yo-tar)-ka, v. col. pi. of hdiyotaijka ; they
come home and sit down.

a-hdi'-yu-hpa, v. a. to lay down cm the way
coming home, — ahdimduhpa. Col. pi., they come
home and lay down their burdens.

a-hdi'-yu-kar), v. col. pi. to come home and re-
main, as deer, in abundance : ahdiyukar)pi, they
come home and remain.

a-hdi'-zu, v. a. (ahdi and eiu) to bring home and
pile up, — ahdiwaiu, ahdiyaiu, ahdiuijzupi.

a-hdo'-hda, v. to carry home, — awahdohda.

a-hdu'-ha, v. pos. of ayuha ; to have or take one's
own on account of ; to provide for some occasion,
to keep one's oion for a certain purpose, — awahdu-
ha, ayahduha, uijkaliduhapi.

a-hdu'-kar), v. a. to leave unmolested, — awahdu-
kaij, amahdukaip.

a-hdu'-star), v. pos. of ayustai) ; to leave off
something pertaining to oneself, — awahdustai),
ayahdu^tai), uijkahdustaqpi.

a-hdu'-ste, v. n. to be numb on, — amahduste.

a-he'-ce-ca, v. n. to be rather better, as in recover-
ing from sickness, to be neither good nor bad, mid-
dling,—a,ma.heGe6a, aniliec'eca, uijkahecec'api.

a-he'-ee-ca-ke, adj. rather better, — amahec'e-
cake.

a-he'-cen, cont. of ahececa.

a-he'-6en-ya, adv. pretty well, middling.

a-he'-cir], n. a standing-place, foundation.

a-he'-he-ye-dar), adv. not firmly : aheheyedaij
yaijka.

a-he'-ki-ya, v. a. (ahai) and kiya) to cause to
stand on, — ahewakiya.

a-hi', V. a. to bring to a place, — awalii, ayahi, uij-
kaliipi, acihi, amahi, awic'awahi.

a-hi', V. col. pi. of hi ; they have come.

a-hi'-be, v. Sec ahimaq.

a-hi'-mai), v. n. to come and hatch, as birds of

passage ; to lodge on : pi. ahimaripi.
a-hi'-nmi-ei-ya, v. (ahi and mnidiya) to assem-
ble to ; to keep coming in one after another.
a-hi'-na-pa, v. n. (a and liinapa) to come out on,

as sores or pimples on the skin ; to break out in

sores or spots, — amahinapa. Sometimes written

ahinaripa.
a-hi'-na-pa, v. col. pi. of hinapa ; they corns in

sight.
a-hll)'-har), v. n. (a and hiijhai)) to rain upon,

fall on as rain, — amahiqhai), uijkahiijhaijpi.
a-hir]'-he, v. n. Same as ahiqhai).
a-hir)'-he-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to rain on, — ahii)-

hewakij'a.
a-hir)'-he-ya, v. a. to cause to fall on, as rain, —

ahiijhewaya.
a-hir)'-hpa-ya, v. n. (a and hiijhpaya) to fall on

any thing, — amahiqhpaya, anihii)hpaya, uijkahii)-

hpayapi.
a-hir]'-hpa-ye-ya, v. a. to cause to fall on :

amaliirihpayeyaya, you caused it to fall on me.
a-hi'-ti, V. (ahi and ti) to come and pitch one's

tent, — ahiwati, ahiyati, ahiui)tipi.
a-hi'-tor}-'war), v. a. (ahi and toqwai)) to look

towards one ; to look upon ; to look to, regard, —

ahiwatoijwai), ahiyatoi)wai), ahiui)toi)wai)pi, ahi-

matoijwai).
a-hi'-toi)-'war)-yaii-pl, v. pi. tliey come and

make a village, — ahiui)toi)wai)yai)pi.
a-hi'-tor]-"we-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to look to-
wards,— ahitoriwewakiya.
a-hi'-toi)-'we-ya, v. n. to cause to look to, — ahi-

toijwewaya, ahitoqwemayai).
a-hi'-ya-har), v. n. to come and alight on, as a

flock of birds in a field : zitkataijka en ahiyahe.

Col. pi., as, paha ahiyahe, they come up on the

hill.
a-hi'-ya-har)-har), v. red. of ahiyahar).
a-hi'-ya-hde, v. a. to bring home and place on ;

pi. they come and go on towards home.
a-hi'-ya-hde-ya, part, coming and going on.
a-hi'-ya-ka-sirj-sii}, v. a. col. pi. to pass along,

sometimes in sight, and sometimes out of sight.

See ahiyokasiijsii).
a-hi'-yar)-ka, v. n. (ahi and yaijka) to bring one

thing after another, keep bringing ; to bring and

remain, — ahimarika, ahinaijka : pi. ahiyukaripi.
a-hi'-ya-ya, v. col. pi. of hiyaya ; they passed by.
a-hi'-ya-ya, v. a. to take or carry round ; hand

round to, as a pipe ; to sing, as a hymn or

tune, — awahimdamde, ayahidade, uqkahiyayapi.

Hence oahiyaye, a tune.
a-hi'-yo-ka-kil], v. to come and peep in and draw

back the head, — ahiyowakakiq, ahiyoyakakiij.

A HI

AIG

a-hi'-yo-ka-sir), v. to look in at a window or

door, to peep in. It does not appear to be quite

synonymous with ahiyokakir), — ahiyowakasii),

aliiyoui)kasii)pi.
a-hi'-yo-ka-sii)-sir), v. red. of ahiyokasiij ; to

appear and disapjxar ; to peep and peep again.
a-hi'-yu, v. a. to start to bring, — aliibu.
a-hi'-yu, col. pi. of hiyu : they come, start to

come.
a-hi'-yu-karj-pi, v. pi. they come and remain.
a-hi'-zu, V. a. (ahi aTid iu) to bring and pile up,

— abiwazu.
a-hml'-hbe-ya, v. a. to cause to roll on any thing,

— ahmihbewaya.
a-hmi'-hma, v. n. to roll on : ahmihma iyaya,

to go rolling on any tiling.
a-hini'-yar)-yar), adv. round on any thing :

ahmiyaijyai) iyaya, to move round, as a ball in a

socket ; to become round by turning or rolling.
a'-hna, jrrep. with, together with ; upon. For

this last meaning, see wahna.
a'-hna-hai), part, standing with.
a-hna'-hai), v. n. of hnahai) ; to fall on, as fruit

on any thing.
a-hna'-hna, prep. red. of ahna.
a-hna'-ka, v. a. (a and hnaka) to place on any

thing ; to apply as medicine externally, in the

form of a poultice or plaster, — awahnaka, aya-

hnaka, uijkahnakapi.
a-hna'-na, adv. only with ; with so many only.
a'-lina-"WO-ta-pi, n. a table ; any thing to eat

on. See wahnawotapi.
a-ho'-eo-ka, adv. (a and hodoka) in the m,idst.
a-ho'-eo-ka-ya, v. a. to surround, — ahocoka-

waya.
a-ho'-CO-ka-ya, adv. around, surrounding, —

ahocokaya uqyaijpi.
a-ho'-ki-pa, v. pos. of ahopa ; to value as one^s

own ; to take care o/",— ahowakipa, ahouijkipapi.
a-ho'-ki-pe-snl, v. neg. not to value ; to impair,

— aliowakipesni, ahouqkipapisni.
a lio'-ksi-wir)-kta, v. to get angry at, as a child ;

to act like a child towards one, — ahoksiwawii)kta,

ahoksimawiijkta.
a-ho'-pa, V. a. to honor, respect, reverence, stand

in awe of ; to keep as a commandment, law, or

custom, — ahowapa, ahoyapa, ahouiipapi.
a-ho'-pe-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to respect or keep,

— ahopewakiya.
a-ho'-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to observe, — ahope-

waya.
a-ho'-pe-ya, part, honoring, respecting, observing.

Adv., obediently.
a-ho'-tar), v. a. to make a noise around one, —

ahowatai), ahomatai), ahouT)tai)pi.

a-ho-tai)'-ka, ». one who makes a noise around.
a-ho'-ton, V. a. (a and hotoi)) to cry out for, as a

bird for food.
a-ho'-tor)-tor), v. red. of ahotoi) ; to cry out for,

bawl for any thing.
a-hu'-tkar)-yai], adv. brandling, having many

prorujs or roots. See hutkaij.
a-h£un'-ya, v. (a and hamya) to scare on, as

game, — uliamwaya.
a-hai)'-har), v. a. to do a thing carelessly, not to

have oruPs mind on it, — awaliaijhai).
a-har]'-hai]-ka, adj. careless, negligent.
a-ha'-pa, v. See ahamya.
a-hba'-ya, adv. mildly.
a-hba'-ye-dar), adv. mildly, patiently : afiba-

yedai) waui).
a-Reo', n. the part of the arm above the elbow ;

that part of the wing of a fowl next the body.
a-hdaKi'-ye-ee-snl, v. to haunt about a place :

i. q. amahyeca.
a-tdo', V. n. (a and hdo) to growl over or about a

thing, as a dog over a bone.
a'-he, V. n. to evaporate : ahe aya, to decrease or

fall, as the water in a river, lake, etc.
a-he'--wai)-ka, (a and hewaijka) to be frost on

any thing.
a'-he-ya, v. a. to cause to evaporate, — ahewaya.
a'-lio, V. n. to stand up or back, as hair on the

forehead : ite aio.
a-lipa'-ya, v. n. to fall upon, — amahpaya. Not

much used. See ahiijhpaya.
a-hpe'-ya, v, a. to throio upon ; to throw away ;

to leave, forsake, — ahpewaya, ahpcui)yai)pi. See

ehpeya, which is more commonly used.
a-Ma'-ni, v. (a and litani) to labor for one ; to

work on any tiling ; to sin, break a law, — awa-

htani, ayahtani, uqkahtanipi, acihtani.
a-hta'-ta, adj. languid, feeble.
a-Ma'-te-ea, adj. weak, feeble.
a-Mu'-dai), n. something to be spit upon ; i. q. sic'e-

dapi.
a-htu'-ta, adj. a little thawed.
a-htu'-te-ca, adj. a little thawed ; thawing

some.
a-i', V. a. to carry or take to a place, — awai, ui)-

kaipi ; to charge with or lay upon, accuse, as en

ai, en amai ; to visit upon, as for a sin.
a-i', V. col. pi. of i ; they reached a place.
a-i'-a, V. a. (a and ia) to talk about, consult in

regard to; to speak evil of, slander, — awaia,

ayaia, uijkaiapi, amaia, aniia, aciia.
a-i'-a-pi, «. consultation ; slander.
a-i'-ea-ga, v. (a and icaga) to grow on, yield,

produce.
a-l'-6ah, V. cont. of aicaga.

AIC

9

AIT

a-i'-cah-ya, v. a. to cause to grow on, cause to

produce, — aicahwaya.
a-i'-eam, cont. of aieapa.
a-i'-ca-pa, v. a. (a and icapa) to stab one thing

through or on another, — aicawapa, aicayapa.
a-i'-ea-pa, v. a. (a and ikapa) to open the mouth

against any one, — aiwakapa.
a-i'-ca-pta, v. to open the mouth on. See idapta.
a-i'-ca-ptar), v. See the frequent, form, aica-

ptaijptai).
a-i'-ca-ptai]-ptar), v. n. to roll over and over on

any thing, — amicaptaijptai), anicaptaqptai).
a-i'-ci-ci-ta, v. reflex, of akita ; to seek oneself ;

to regard one's own interests, — ami(Jicita, ani^icita.
a-i'-oi-ei-ya, v. reflex, (probably from some obso-
lete root) to he diligent, make effort, bestir one-
self,— ami<Jiciya, ani^iciya.
a-i'-ci-cl-ya, adj. diligent : ai^ic'iya wauij.
a-i'-ci-ei-ya-ka, v. reflex, to bestir oneself, be

diligent, — ami^Jidiyaka, ani^idiyaka.
a-i'-de, v. n. (a and ide) to burn or blaze on.
a-i'-de-sa-sa, adv. in the red flame : aidesaia

yuza, to hold in the red flame.
a-i'-de-sa-sa-ya, v. a. to put in or hold in the

red flame, to scorch, — aide^asawaya.
a-i'-de-ya, v. a. to cause to burn on or around ;

to set flre to, — aidewaya, aideui)yai)pi ; aideidiya,

to set fire- around about oneself, — aidemidiya.
a-i'-de-ya, part, setting flre to.
a-i'-e, V. Same as aia.
a-i'-e-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to talk about, either in

a good or bad sense ; to consult with : woope aie-

kiyapi, lawgivers, lawyers.
a-i'-har), v. col. pi. they go and stand on any

thing.
a-i'-hai)-mna, v. a. to dream about, — aiwahai)-

mna. See ihaijmna.
a-i'-hda-hpa, v. reflex, of akahpa ; to cover one-
self,— amihdalipa, anihdahpa.
a-i'-hda-hpe-ya, v. a. to cast about one, — aihda-

hpewaya : taku aihdahpeyapi, clothes.
a-i'-hda-star), v. reflex, of aka^tan ; to pour out or

spill on oneself, — amihda^taij, anihdastai).
a-i'-hda-tai], v. reflex, of yatai) ; to praise oneself

for some quality or capability, — amihdatar).
a-i'-hdu-ha, v. reflex, of yuha ; to have or retain

for one's ovm use, — amihduha, anihduha.
a-i'-hdu-hpa, v. reflex, of yuhpa ; to cause to fall

on oneself, as the limb of a tree, — amihduhpa.
a-l'-hdu-ksa, v. reflex, of yuksa ; to break off, as a

limb of a tree, on oneself, — amihduksa.
a-i'-hdu-sda, v. reflex, of yusda ; to cut, as grass,

and cover oneself with : peii amihduida.
a-i'-hdu-si-ca, v. reflex, of yu^ida ; to get oneself

into difficulty with, — amihdusica.
2

a-i'-hdu-tar), v. reflex, to pull the trigger of a

gun on oneself ; to besmear oneself with one's

own emission. See ayutai).
a-i'-hdu-za, v. reflex, of hduza ; to dress or pre-
pare oneself for an occasion, — amihdiiza.
a-i'-ftpa-ya, v. n. (a and ihpaya) to fall on, as

leaves do on any thing.
a-i'-hpe-ya, v. a. to throto or place on ; to leave

with one ; to charge with ; to bequeath to one, —

aihpewaya, aihpemayai), aihpediya : " wookiye

aihpediyapi," John xiv. 27.
a-i'-ko-yag, cont. of aikoyaka ; sticking to.
a-i'-ko-yag-ya, v. a. to cause to stick to ; to link

to or on, — aikoyagwaya.
a-l'-ko-ya-ka, v. n. to stick to or on ; to cleave

to, be fastened to.
a-i'-kpa-gar5, v. reflex, of pagai) ; to part with

oneself for any purpose, — amikpagai), anikpagai).
a-i'-kpa-gar)-yai), part, parting with oneself for.
a-i'-kpa-tar), v. reflex, of pataij ; to reserve for

oneself ; to reserve oneself for any duty or pur-
pose,— amikpatai), anikpatai).
a-i'-kpa-tar)-yar), ^ar<. reserving oneself for.
a-i'-ksin-ki-ya, v. a. to make faces at, — aiksin-

wakiya, aiksinyakiya, aiksinurikiyapi, aiksinma-

kiya.
a'-i-ni-na, adv. stilly or silently for, as in ap-
proaching game.
a-ir)'-yai)-ka, v. (a and iqyarika) to run on, as a

floor; to run for, run to get, — awaimnarjka, aya-

inagka, uijkair)yar)kapi.
a-i'-sir]-yar), adv. out of sight, behind something

else : aisiijyai) iyaya.
a-i'-sta-een-ya, v. to catch a side glimpse of any

thing, — ai^tacenwaya, aistadenyaya.
a-i'-sta-hnag, cont. of aistahnaka : aistahnag yan-

ka, to place the eyes on any thing, keep looking at

it, — aistahnag mayaijka.
a-i'-sta-hnag-ya, 2)art. looking at intently.
a-i'-sta-hnag-ya-ken, adv. intently looking at.
a-i'-sta-hna-ka, v. a. (i^ta and hnaka) to place

the eyes upon, look at intently, — aistawahnaka,

aistayahnaka.
a-i'-sta-hna-ke-sni, v. See aistahnaka. This

also appears to be used affirmatively : to fix the

eyes on, Ht. why does he not take his eyes off? —

aistawahnakesni.
a'-i-ta-hda-hbe, adv. with the wind, — aitahda-

hbe ui)yar)pi.
a'-i-ta-hda-hbe-ya, adv. with the wind, — aita-

hdalibeya mda.
a'-i-ta-hna-ka, v. a. to place one on top of another,

as in carrying, — aitawahnaka.
a-i'-tpa-gan, v. a. Same as aikpagai).
a-i'-tpa gar)-yar), adv. Same as aikpagaijya^.

A I T

10

A K A

a-i'-tpa-tar), v. a. Same as aikpataij.

a-i'-tpa-tar)-yai), adv. Same as aikpatai)yai).

a-i'-ya-hde, v. n. to lead to, reach to, as a road ;
to lead to, as a result of conduct.

a-i'-ya-hde-ya, v. a. to lead to ; to merit, de-
serve, brinr/ upon one, — aiyalidewaya ; aiyahdei-
(Jiya, to brinff upon oiuself, — aiyahdemiviya.

a-i'-ya-hde-ya, adv. leading to, even to, until.

a-i'-ya-hpa-ya, v. See iyahpaya.

a-i'-ya-hpe-ya, v. a. to hand to ; to put on ; to
throw over, as a rope, in catching a horse ; to
communicate to one, as a disease, — aiyahpewaya,
aiyahpeuijyaijpi, aiyalipemayai), aiyafipeciya ;
aiyahpei(Jiya, to throw oneself on, as on a horse,
— aiyahpemi(Jiya.

a-i'-ya-kam, cont. of aiyakapa.

a-i'-ya-ka-pa, v. to exceed, surpass. Not much
used.

a-i'-ya-ka-ska, v. a. to tie one thing on some-
thing else, — aiyawakaska, aiyayakaska.

a-i'-ya-ka-ske-ya, part, tying on to something
else.

a'-i-yog, adv. cont. of aiyoka ; out on one side :
aiyog yaijka, to be off one side ; aiyog iyeya, to
put aside.

a'-i-yo-hpe-ya, adv. down hill ; i. q. apamahde.

a'-i-yo-ka, adv. at one side ; off from, in another
place from ; near to.

a'-i-yo-ka, n. a neighbor, one near to.

a'-i-yo-ki-pi, «(/;'. pleasant, agreeable ; i. g". oiyokipi.

a'-l-yo-ki-pi-ya, adv. agreeably.

a-i'-yo-pte-ca, adv. less than.

a-i'-yo-pten, adv. cont. less : aiyoptenya, dimi-
nishing.

a-i'-yo-pte-tu, adv. less.

a-i'-yo-pte-tu-ya, adv. less, in a less manner :
aiyoptetuyaken.

a'-i-yo-tar), adv. more than, greater than, beyond :
aiyotai) iyekiya, to have difficulty cm account of.

a-i'-zl-ta, V. n. (a and izita) to smoke or burn, as
incense, for any purpose.

a-ka'-cii]S, cont. of akaciqza : akaciijswaciij, to
desire a great deal, — akaciijswacaijmi.

a-ka'-cii)-za, v. See akaciijs.

a-ka'-da, v. a. (a and kada) to pour out on, said
of grain, not of liquids, — awakada, ayakada, uij-
kakadapi.

a-ka'-da-da, v. red. of akada : akadada iyeya, to
pour out on any thing.

a-ka'-ga, v. a. (a and kaga) to make on any
thing ; to make for a purpose ; to make in addi-
tion, add to ; to maJce or fabricate on one, tell a
' lie about ; to blaspheme, speak evil of, — awakaga.
a-ka'-ga-pi, n. something made in addition ;
falsehood.

a'-ka-ga-tki-ya, adv. stretched out, as the arms :

iikagatkiya uq.
a-ka'-ge-ge, v. a. (a aivi kagege) to sew on or

to, to patch on something else, — awakagege.
a-ka'-har)-yar)-ka, n. a distant relative.
a-ka'-hu-te, v. to cut off from the little cud to a

slump ; to think much of oneself , i. q. iyotanii'ida,

— awakahute, ayakahute.
a-ka'-ha, v. to desire more, i. q. saijpa cii), — awa-

kaha.
a-ka'-liain, emit, of akahapa.
a-ka'-lia-pa, v. (a and kahapa) to drive or irhip

on, — awakaliapa.
a-ka'-hpa, v. a. to cover, throw on or around ; to

cover up, conceal : sina akahpa, to throw a blanket

on, — awakalipa, ui)kakahpapi, amakalipa.
a-ka'-lipe, w. a covering : owinia akalipe, a

quilt, any covering for a bed.
a-ka'-lipe-ki-ci-ci-ya, v. to cover up for one ;

to pass by a. matter, forgive, cancel, — akahpewe-

cidiya.
a-ka'-fipe-ki-ei-tor), v. a. to cover for one, —

akalipewecitoi), akahpemicitoij.
a-ka'-hpe-ki-toi], v. pos. of akalipetoi) ; to cover

one's own, — akatpewetoi).
a-ka'-hpe-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to cover ; to

clothe, put on, — akahpewakiya, akahpemakiya.
a-ka'-hpe-tor), v. a. to cover, throw ore as a

covering; to cover up or conceal, as one's real

opinions, when used with ia, as akahpetoi) iwae,

— akalipe watoi), ahahpeyatoi).
a-ka'-lipe-toi), part, covered, concealed.
a-ka'-hpe-torj-tor), v- red. of akahpetoi) : aka-

hpetoritoi) ia.
a-ka'-litai), v. n. to soak into and come through

on the other side, aa grease through a skin. See

kahtaij.
a-ka'-htai]-yar), v. a. to cause to soak into ; to

cut and make rough on, — akalitaijwaya.
a-ka'-kar), v. a. (a and kakaq) to hew on any

thing ; to counter-lieu;, /i£w over again, — awaka-

kai), ayakakai), ugkakakaijpi.
a-ka'-kpar], v. a. (a and kakpaij) to pound fine

on an}' thing ; to pound in addition to what is

already done, — awakakpai), ayakakpai).
a-ka'-kpi, v. a to crack on, as a nut on any

th i ng, — a wakakpi .
a-ka'-ksa, v. a. (a and kaksa) to cut off on some-
thing ; to cut off from ; to cut off in addition to,

— awakaksa, ayakaksa, uqkakaksapi.
a-ka'-ksa, v. a. to coil up on, as a rope, — awa-
kaksa.
a-ka'-ksar), v. a. to go around, — awakaksaij.
a-ka'-ksai], adv. around, not in a straight course :

akaksaij iyaya, to have gone around.

A K A

11

AK A

a-ka'-ksar)-yaii, adv. around.
a-ka'-ksis, cont. of akakiiia : akak^i^ iyeya.
a-ka'-ksi-za, v. a. to bend into or around, as a

piece of iron, — awakaksiza, ayakaksiza.
a-ka'-ktaij, v. a. to bend on to, bend around, —

awakaktai).
a-ka'-ku-ka, v. a. to pound to pieces on, — awa-

kakiika.
a-kam', adv. out by one^s self, out from, on the

outside : akam hai), to stand on the outside, as

the one on the outside of a nest of tubs or

kettles.
a-kam', prep, over, upon, beyond : akam iyeya,

to throw beyond.
a-ka'-mda, v. a. (a and karada) to cut into thin

slices or strips on any thing ; to slice in addition

to, — awakamda.
a-ka'-mda, n. fringe : hui)ska akamda, fringe

on leggins.
a-ka'-mdas, cont. of akamJaza : akamdas iyaya.
a-ka'-mdas, cont. of akamdaia ; astride ; aka-
mdas inazii), to stand astride of any thing.
a-ka'-mida-ya, v. a. to make level on, — awaka-

nidaya.
a-ka'-mda-za, v. n. to tear open on, as a bag on

a horse.
a-ka'-mda-za, v. a. to straddle, spread the legs

apart, — awakamdaza.
a-ka'-mde-ca, v. a. (a and kamdeca) to break,

as an instrument, hy striking it on any thing ; to

break one thing lying on another by striking, —

awakamdeda.
a-ka'-mden, cont. of akamdeca : akamden iyeya,

to break in pieces on : akamden ehpeya, — aka-
mden ehpewaya.
a-kam'-hai), standing on the outside, as the one

on the outside of a nest of tubs or kettles.
a-ka'-mna, v. a. (a and kamna) to acquire in

addition to ; to tear open on, as a seam, — awa-

kamna.
a'-ka-mni : akamni iyaya, v. n. to separate with

a splash, as snow with water underneath when

one steps on it.
a-kan', prep, gn, upon.
a-kan'-mna, v. n. (kata and omna) to smell like

something burning.
a-kan'-ta, adv. above ; used with taijhai).
a-kan'-tar)-har], adv. above, overhead.
a-kan'-ta-taii-har), adv. from above.
a-kan'-tkan, prep. red. of akan.
a-kan '-tu, adv. above.

a-kan'-tu, adj. wic'a^ta akantu, living nun, in dis-
tinction from dead men and spirits, common men ;

men in authority.
a-kan '-tu, n. the top one.

a-kan'-tu-ya, adv. above, high up ; on the out-
side, toithout.
a-kan'-tu-ya-ken, adv. above. Not much used.
a-kan '-tu-ye-dai], adv. outside, on the surface ;

almost on the top ; above, high tip.
a-kar)', v. n. to become old on or with, — amakai),
anikai), ui)kakai)pi ; kici amakai), / have become
old with ; yulia amakai), having if, I have be-
come old.
a'-kai}-tai)-ka, n. the large tendon of the arm.
a'-ka-pa, n. the outside.
a'-ka-pa-ta, adv. on the outside, on the top, from

above.
a'-ka-pa-tar)-liai), adv. on the outside, from

above, from another place.
a'-ka-pe-ea, adv. round about ; with kii), used

as a noun, as, akapecakii), those round about,

spectators ; those tvithout.
a'-ka-pe-ya, v. a. to throw beyond the bounds, as

in playing ball, — ilkapewaya, iikapeyaya.
a-ka'-pe-ya, v. n. to exceed, go beyond.
a'-ka-pon, cont. of akapota ; afloat.
a'-ka-pon-ya, v. a. to cause to float, — iikapon-

wuya.
a'-ka-po-ta, v. n. to float on, as a buoy.
a-ka'-po-ta, v. a. (a and kapota) to beat in pieces

on any thing, — awakapota, ayakapota.
a'-ka-pot-pon, cont. of akapotpota.
a'-ka-pot-po-ta, v. red. of akapota ; to float

along in little waves.
a-ka'-pta, v. a. (a and kapta) to cut off cm, as a

part of a stick ; to lade out on, — awakapta.
a-ka'-pte-ce-dai), v. a. to make shorter, cut qff

a piece from a stick, — awakaptededai).
a-ka'-pte-ya, v. a. to provoke beyond endurance,

— akaptewaya.
a-ka'-pte-ya, part, cut off on ; provoked.
a-ka'-sam, adv. cont. of akasaijpa ; over the

river /;-o»!.
a-ka'-sai)-pa, adv. opposite, across, on the other

side, as of a river or lake ; itJito akasaqpa, on this

side.
a-ka'-sar)-pa-tar)-har), adv. on the other side,

from beyond, from the other side.
a-ka'-ska, v. a. (a and kaska) to eat up, to de-
vour greedily, to eat after one is full, — awakaska,

ayakaska : akaska yai)ka, to continue eaiifig.
a-ka'-ski-ca, v. n. to be pressing doum ; to presi

down : akaskin wai)ka.
a-ka'-sni, v. a. (a and kasni) to extinguish on, as

fire, — awakasni,
a-ka'-SO, v. a, (a and kaso) to chop off a piece

from, — awakaso.
a-ka'-stag, cont. of akastaka : akastag ehpewaya.
a-ka'-stag-ya, adv. sticking on or in.

AKA

12

AKI

a-ka'-stag-ya-ken, adv. sticking on.
a-ka'-sta-ka, v. a. to throw on or daub with

mud, mahe stick ; to plaster, — awakastaka, ui)ka-

kastakapi.
a-ka'-sto, v. a. (a and kasto) to smooth down on,

as liair on the head, — awakasto, ayakasto, uijka-

kastopi.
a-ka'-spa, v. a. (a and ka^pa) to cut or break off

on, — awakaspa.
a-ka'-spa, v. n. to be provoked beyond endurance,

— amakaspa, anicaspa.
a-ka'-spe-ya, v. n. to remain longer than one

can loell endure ; to be provoked, — amakaspeya.
a-ka'-spe-ya, v. a. to provoke, — akaspewaya,

akaspeyaya, akaspemayaij.
a-ka'-sta-ka, v. a. (a and kastaka) to beat one

on another, — awakastaka, ayakastaka.
a-ka'-star), v. a. (a and, kastaij) to pour out on ;

to spill on, as water; to baptize, mini aka^tai), —

awaka^taq, ayakastai), uqkaka^tagpi, amakastar) :

acicastai), I pour out on you.
a-ka'-ta, v. n. (a and kata) to be hot on, — ama-

kata, anikata.
a-ka'-ta, v. a. to hoe, dig about with a hoe, hill

up, as corn ; to cover with dirt, — awakata, aya-

kata, uijkakatapi : wamnaheza akata, to hoe com.
a-ka'-te-ya, v. a. to cause to hoe, — akatewaya.
a'-ka-til), v. a. to straighten on, as the arms ; to

measure loith the arms stretched out on ; to fathom,

— awakatii), ayakatii).
a'-ka-tir)-pi, n. an ell; the length or distance

between the ends of the fingers when the arms are

stretched out.
a-ka'-tir)S, cont. of akatiriza.
a-ka'-tir)S-ya, v. a. to press down on any thing

by means of weights, — akatir)swaya.
a-ka'-tir)-za, v. n. (a and katiijza) to press any

thing down tight, as a weight does.
a-ka'-ui^-yar), adv. lying across, as a boy on a

horse.
a.-'ka.'-'wa.qg, cont. of akawa^ka : akawai)g

ehpeya.
a-ka'-"war)-ka, v. a. (a and kawagka) to cut

down, as a tree, on any thing; to make fall on by

cu t ting, — a waka wai) ka.
a-ka'-vre-ga, v. a. (a and kawega) to break or

fracture by striking on any thing, — awakawega.
a-ka'-'weli, cont. of akawega : akaweh ehpeya.
a-ka'-wil), v. a. to exaggerate, tell lies, try to

exceed in telling lies ; to exceed in length ; to do

more than : akawii) econ, — awakawiij.
a-ka'-"Wil)-ga, v. n. to go round and round, as

an eagle ; make gyrations.
a-ka'-'wiiih, cont. of akawiijga; round and

round : akawii)h iyeya.

a-ka'-'wirjs, cont. of akawiriia : akawiiji iyeya.

a-ka'-"wir)-yai), adv. hyperboUcally ; exceeding
in falsehood.

a-ka'-'wirj-za, v. a. to bend down on, as grass
on any thing, — awakawiijia.

a'-ka-za-nml, v. a. (a and kazamni) to open upon
one ; to throw open, as one's blanket, — dwakaza-
mni, ayakazamni ; akazamni ehpeya, to set open ;
i'lkazamni hai), to stand open.

a'-ka-za-mni-yar), part, opened on.

a-ke', adv. again, repeated, a second time.

a-ke'-nom, cont. of akenoripa.

a-ke'-noi}-pa, num. adj. twelve.

a-kes', adv. again, i. q. ake.

a-ke'-sa-hdo-gai), num. adj. eighteen.

a-ke'-sa-ko-Awii], num. adj. seventeen.

a-ke'-sa-kpe, num. adj. sixteen.

a-ke '-torn, cont. of aketopa.

a-ke'-to-pa, num. adj. fourteen.

a-ke'-'waii-zi, num. adj. eleven.

a-ke'-Avai^-zi-dar), num. adj. eleven.

a-ke'-Awar)-zi-na, num. adj. (Ihank.) eleven.

a-ke '-y a, v. a. to place on, make a roof on ; to
place on the roof ; to make one roof on another, —
akewaya, akeyaya.

a-ke'-ya-mni, num. adj. thirteen.

a-ke'-za-ptai), num. adj. fifteen.

a-ki', V. a. to carry or bear home, or to one's own
residence ; distinguished from ahda by the idea
of arriving at, — awaki, ayaki, uijkakipi.

a-ki', V. col. pi. of ki ; they reach home.

a'-ki-be-ya, adv. around.

a-ki'-ea-ga, v. a. to make on, add to ; to be unrea-
sonable, go too far, — awecaga, ayec'aga, amicaga.

a'-ki-ea-ga, v. n. to grow on, grow in addition to.

a-ki'-ca-ge-ca, v. a. to overreach, cheat, want
more than is right, be unreasonable, — awecageca.

a-ki'-eafi, cont. of akicaga ; akic'ahya, unreason-
ably.

a-ki'-ea-ska, v. a. of kaska ; to bind to or on ;
to bind together, — akiwakaska, akiyakaska.

a-ki'-ee-pa, v. n. of cepa ; to become fieshy for
or again, — amakicepa.

a-ki'-ce-ya, v. pos. of aceya ; to cry for one's
own ; to mourn for, weep over artels own, as a
dead relative, — awakiceya, ayakideya, uqkakice-
yapi.

a-ki'-ci-ca-tti, v. of akata ; to hoe for one, —
awecidata, amicicata.

a-ki'-ci-ei-pa-pi, v. pi. of aMpa ; they meet each
other.

a-ki'-ei-ei-ta, v. of akita ; to hunt a thing for
another, — awedicita, amidicita.

a-ki'-cl-cuii-eur)-ka, v. to do a thing often for
one, — awecidui)^ui)ka, amidi^uij^uijka.

AEI

13

AKI

a-ki'-ei-kci-ta, v. pos. of akita ; to hunt one's

own, — awecikcita.
a-ki'-ci-kta, v. of akta ; to receive or accept from

one ; to have respect unto, — awecikta, amicikta.
a-ki'-ci-kta-sni, v. of aktasni ; to refuse, reject

when offered hy one, — awediktasni, amidiktasni.
a-ki'-ei-pa, v. of apa ; to strike for one, — aweci-

pa, ayecipa, uijkakicipapi.
a-ki'-ei-pa-pi, v. pi. of akipa ; they meet each

other.
a-ki'-ci-pe, v. of ape ; to wait for one ; to hope for,

— awecipe, ayedipe, uijkakicipepi.
a-ki'-ci-ta, v. of akita ; to hunt for another, —

awecita : heya acicita, I hunt lice for you.
a-kl'-ci-ta, n. a head warrior, one next to a chief;

a warrior or soldier, — amakicita, anikidita : aki-

dita hemaca, / am a warrior.
a-ki'-ei-ta-kte, v. (akidita and kte) to punish

officially, punish for the violation of a law ; this

is done by those who have attained to the place

of brave, and consists in killing a horse or dog,

cutting up tents and blankets, breaking guns, etc.,

— akiditawakte, akiditamakte.
a-ki'-ei-ta-na-zii), v. n. to stand as a warrior

or soldier, stand guard, — akiditanawaiii).
a-ki'-ei-ta-tar)-eai), n. an officer, a chief warrior.
a-ki'-ci-torj-'wai], v. of atoijwai) ; to look at for

one, to have the oversight of for one, — aweditoi)-

ytai), amiditoi)wai).
a-kl'-eui)-eur), v. to do a thing repeatedly ; to

glory in, — aweduij^Jui), aye^Juijdui).
a-ki'-euil-cur)-ka, v. to do a thing repeatedly ;

to be proud of, glory in, — awedui)dur)ka.
a-ki'-eu-ya, adv. much : akiduya maku, give me

much. See iyaki^uya.
a'-ki-de-ee-ea, adj. like to, equal to, — akidema-

deda, akidenieeca, akideuijdedapi.
a'-ki-de-een, adv. like to, equal to.
a'-ki-de-een-ya, adv. equally.
a'-ki-de-har)-har)-ke-ea, adj. red. of akidehaij-

keda.
a'-ki-de-hai}-har)-yar), adv. red. of dkidehaijyaij.
a'-ki-de-hai}-ke-ca, adj. of the same length,

used with kidi : kici 4kidemahar|keda, / am of

the same length as some one else.
a'-ki-de-har)-ska, adj. of the same length or

height.
a'-ki-de-har)-yar), adv. alike far, equally far.
a'-ki-de-nag-na-ke-ca, adj. red. of akidenakeca.
a'-kl-de-na-ke-ea, adj. alike many, of equal

number, — 4kideui) nakedapi.
a'-ki-de-na-na, adj. alike few.
a-ki'-ge, v. a. (a and kige) to scold about any

thing, — awakige, ayakige.
a-ki'-hai), v. n. of ahaq ; to grow on again.

a-ki'-har), v. col. pi. they have all reached there.
a-ki'-hdag, cont. of akihdaka.
a-ki'-hdag-ki-ci-toi), v. to patch for one, — aki-

hdagvveditor).
a-ki'-hdag-ki-toi], v. pos. of akihdagtoi) ; to

patch one's own, — akihdagwetoi).
a-ki'-hdag-tor), v. to put on a patch, to patch ;

patched, having a patch on, — akihdagwator).
a-ki'-hdag-ya, v. a. to patch, put on a patch ;

to use for a patch, — akihdagwaya.
a-ki'-hda-ka, v. to patch, sew on a patch.
a-ki'-hda-ka, n. a patch. See wakihdaka.
a-ki'-hda-ski-ea, adj. face downwards, prone.
a-ki'-hda-skin, cont. of akihdaskida : akihdaskin

elpeidiya, to throw oneself on one'' s face.
a-ki'-hda-skin-ya, adv. lying on the face, prone.
a-ki'-hde, adv. again, more than once, once again ;

times : used with the numerals, noripa akihde,

twice, yamni akihde, thrice, etc,
a-ki'-hde-hde, adv. red. of akihde.
a-kl'-hde-ya, adv. repeatedly.
a-ki'-he-ea, adj. withered, nearly dead, as a tree.
a-ki'-he-ce-ea, v. n. to become so on returning

home, i. e. to get sick or to get well on one's

reaching home, — akihemadeda.
a-ki'-hen-he-ea, aJj. red. of akiheda.
a'-ki-hip-sko-ke-ca, adj. of equal size with.
a'-ki-hir)-sko-ya, adv. of equal distance around.
a-ki'-hna, adv. one on or over another, in layers ;

through : akihna iyaya, to pass through one into

another.
a-ki'-hna, v. to have a care for, as for offspring ;

take care of.
a-ki'-hnag, cont. of akihnaka.
a-ki'-hnag-ya, adv. placed on.
a-ki'-hna-hna, adv. red. of akihna.
a-kl'-hna-ka, v. pos. of ahnaka ; to place one's

own on, — awehnaka, ayehnaka.
a-ki'-hna-ya, v. a. to cause to take care of, —

akihnawaya.
a-ki'-har), v. n. to be without food, hungry ; to

starve, — amakihai), anidihai), ur)kakihai)pi.
a-ki'-hai]-pi, n. a starving, famine, — widaakihar).
a-ki'-hafl-si-ea, v. n. (kiharisida) to he bad wea-
ther on, to storm on, — amakihai) sida.
a-ki'-hai]-ta, v. to starve to death, die of hunger,

— akihaqmata.
a-ki'-har)-te-ya, v. a. to cause to die of hunger,

— akihai) tewaya.
a-ki'-har)-yar), v. a. to cause to starve : akiha^--

i(Jiya, to cause oneself to fast, — akihaijmidiya,
a-ki'-hai^-yar), adv. in a fasting way.
a-ki'-ho, V. n. to be skilful, dexterous, to have ac-.

quired skill by practice, — awakiho, ayakiho, uij-.

kakihopi.

AKI

14

AKI

a-ki'-ho-ka, n. one who is skilful.
a-ki'-ho-pi, n. dexterity, skill.
a-ki'-ho-ya, adv. skilfully, dexterously.
a-ki'-Ma-ta, adv. many, very much ; i. q. ota

liirica.
a-ki'-i-a, v. pos. of aia ; to talk about something

that concerns oneself ; to consider ; to talk

against, — awakiia, ayakiia, uijkakiiapi.
a-ki'-ksi-za, v. pos. of aksiza ; to bend down as

the hand on : to retain any thing, — aweksiia.
a-ki'-kta, v. pos. of akta ; to give heed to, — awa-

kikta : akiktasni, to disregard.
a'-ki-kta, v. n. to do any thing with great determi-
nation,— awakikta, a3'akikta.
a'-ki-kta-dai], adv. with much determination.
a-ki'-ktor)S, cont. of akiktoi^za.
a-ki'-ktons-ya, v. a. to cause to forget, — aki-

ktoij^waj'a.
a-ki'-ktor)S-ya, adv. in a forgetful manner.
a-ki'-ktop-za, or a-ki-ktup-za, to forget, not

to remember, — awektoqza, ayektorjia, uijkaki-

ktorizapi, aciktoriza, amiktoqza, aniktoriza.
a-ki'-mna-yar), v. a. to collect one thing to ano-
ther,— akimnawaya.
a-kin', cont. of akita : akin iyaya, he is gone to

hunt something.
a-ki'-na-tai), v. pos. of anatai) ; to rush for cm£s

own ; to reach or arrive at the goal, — akinawa-

tai) : kici akinawatai), / arrived at the same time

with him.
a-ki'-nl-ca, v. a. to dispute, debate about ; to

dispute with, — awakinica, ayakinida, uijkakini-

capi.
a-ki'-ni-ea-pi, n. a debating, disputation ; also pi.

of akinica.
a-ki'-nin, cont. of akinica.
a-ki'-nin-kl-ya, v. to cause to debate, — akinin-

wakiya.
a-ki'-nin-ya, adv. disputatiously.
a-ki'-nin-ya, n. a. to cause to dispute or debate

about, — akininwaya.
a'-ki-ni-sko-ke-ca, adj. of equal size with :

kici iikinimaskokeda, / am of the same size with

him.
a'-ki-ni-sko-ya, adv. equally far around.
a-kir)'-yai), v. n. (a and kii)yai)) to fly over or

on.
a-ki'-oi), v. a. of aoi) ; to place on, as wood on

one's own fire ; to place on for one, — awakioi),

ayakior).
a-ki'-oi)-pa, v. pos. of aoi)pa; to put on oneh

own, as wood on the fire, — awakioijpa.
a-kl'-pa, V. to meet, as any one travelling, come

against ; to come upon one, happen to or befall

ppe, — awakipa, ayakipa, uqkakipapi.

a'-ki-pam, adv. divided, partaken of equally ;

akipam ehnaka, to divide, separate : akipam

iyeya, to separate, divide.
a-kl'-pe, V. Same as akipa.
a-ki'-pe, v. a. to wait for one ; to wait for, expect,

hope for, — awakipe, ayakipe, iirjkakipepi.
a-ki'-psa-psa, adv. close together, standing thick,

as grain or grass ; jammed together, as men or

animals ; full of as a lake of fish, — akip^apsa

hiyeya.
a-ki'-psa-psa-ya, adv. thickly, close together.
a-ki'-psa-ya, adv. close together.
a-ki'-ptar), adv. together, joining force* : akiptaij

uriya^pi : akiptai) ecoijpi.
a-kl'-sni, v. pos. of asni ; to get well, recover from

sickness ; to recover from anger, etc. — amakisni,

anicisni, urikakisnipi.
a-ki'-snl-yai), v. a. to cause to get well, — akisni-

waya, akisnimayar).
a-ki'-sni-yar), adv. getting well.
a-ki'-s'ag, cont. of akis'aka.
a-ki'-s'ag-ya, adv. strewed thickly over.
a-ki'-s'a-ka, adj. thick as leaves on the ground.
a-ki'-ta, v. a. to seek for, hunt for, as something

lost ; to make effort to get, — awakita, ayakita,

iii)kakitapi, acicita, amakita : akitapi, sought for.
a-ki'-ta-ku-ni-sni, v. n. of atakunisni ; to be-
come nothing, be nothing, — amakitakimisni.
a-ki'-to, V. pios. of ato ; to tattoo, make blue marks

on the body ; this- is generally done by pricking

in powder, — aweto, ayeto, uijkakitopi.
a-ki'-to-pi, n. the marks made by tattooing.

Part., marked, tattooed.
a-ki'-ta, v. n. to die after getting home, as a

wounded man who is carried home, — akimata.

Also said when gi'ass or corn is so thick that a

part dies.
a-ki'-ya, v. a. to practise, give the mind to, — awa-

kiya.
a-ki'-ya-hda, v. a. (aki and ahda) to carry or

fake off home, — awakiyahda, ayakiyahda, uijka-

kiyahdapi ; elipeya makiyahda, to have gone off'

home and left me ; elipeya makakiyahda, to take

off' home from me.
a-ki'-ya-ka, v. n. to be a practitioner, — awaki-

yaka.
a'-ki-ye-ce-ca, adv. like, like to.
a-ki'-ye-dar), adv. near. See ikiyedaij.
a-ki'-yu-car)-pi, v. pi. to shake any thing when

several do it together.
a-ki'-yu-ha-pi, v. pi. to bear, carry, tvhen seve-
ral do it together: akiyuha ayapi, — amaki}^-

hapi.
a-ki'-yu-hpa, v. (aki and yuhpa) to carry home

and throw down, — akimduhpa, akiduhpa.

AKI

15

AMA

a-ki'-yu-ski-ca, v. to tic or fasten together, to

attach one to another, — akimduskica.
a-ki'-yu-ti-tar)-pi, v. pi. to pull different ways.
a-ki'-yu-za-pi, v. pi. said when two or more

seize and hold any thing together ; held btj two

or more.
a'-ki-zan, cont. of ukiiata.
a'-ki-zan-ya, v. n. to fork, as a stream.
a'-ki-zan-ya, adv. in a forked manner.
a'-ki-za-ta, adj. forked, as a stream.
a-ko', adv. leyond, on the other side of.
a-ko'-i-to-he-ya, adv. towards, with the face the

other wag, turned with the face from one ; akoi-

toheya naiiq, to stand with the face from one.
a'-ko-kam, adv. across, bg a near wag ; dkokam

ya, to go across ; akokam mJa, I go by a near

wag.
a'-ko-ka-pa, adv. by a iiearer way. Not much

used.
a'-kos, adv. See akosai).
a'-ko-sai), adv. whilst, in the mean time.
a-ko'-tai)-haii, adv. from beyond.
a-ko'-ta-tar^-hai), adv. from beyond.
a-ko'-'wam, adv. See akowapa.
a-ko'-"wa-pa, oaIv. further on, beyond.
a-ko'-'wa-pa-tar)-hai), adv. from beyond.
a-ko'-za, v. a. to make a motion at, attempt to

strike, — awakoza, ayakoza, amakoza.
a-ko'-zan, adv. cont. of ako^ata ; straddling ;

akozan naiiq, to stand over a thing, stand with

a thing between one^s feet.
a-ko'-zan-ya, adv. astride.
a-ko'-za-ta. Obsolete. See akoian.
a-kpa'-gar), v. a. pos. of pagaij ; to give aioay

one's own for some purpose, — awakpagai).
a-kpa'-gar)-yar), adv. giving away for.
a-kpas', cont. of akpaza.
a-kpa'-spa, v. to suffer patiently, to endure until

it has passed off, — awakpaspa, ayakpaspa.
a-kpa'-spe-ca, v. to suffer patiently until orcc's

anger goes off, — awakpaspcca.
a-kpas'-ya, v. a. to cause darkness on, darken, —

akpaswaya.
a-kpas'-ya, adv. henightedly.
a-kpa'-tar), v. pos. of patai) ; to reserve one's own

for a purpose, — awakpatai).
a-kpa'-tar)-yai), adv. reserving for a purpose.
a-kpa'-ya. See akpayeca.
a-kpa'-ye-ca, v. n. to be lighter t/ian its proper

color, as a child which will yet darken ; to be

yellow, as a mulatto, — amakpayeca.
a-kpa'-ye-ea, «. one who is neglected ; i. q. aktapi-

im.
a-kpa'-za, v. n. (a and kpaza) to come night on

one, be benighted, — amakpaza, anikpaza.

a-kpa'-zo, v. pos. of pazo ; to point at one's otvn, —

awakpazo.
a-ksa', adv. more, in addition to. This word sig-
nifies that it is already well, but intimates a

desire for more ; it is usually followed by ur)kai)s :

aksa mayalfu ui)kai)s, if you had given me nwre.
a-ksa'-ken, adv. See ak^a ; wagna maste aksa-

ken magazu uijkaijs waste kta, it is now warm,

if it toould rain it would be good.
a-ksi'-za, v. a. to double up on, as the hand on

any thing ; to retain any thing not one's own ;

i. q. anida, — awaksiza, ayaksiza.
a-kta', prep, of, about, concerning.
a-kta', adv. again, over again ; akta eya, to

repeat, say again.
a-kta', V. a. to have respect for, to regard, keep in y

mirul, give heed to ; to receive, — awakta, ayakta,

uijkaktapi. From this are formed akikta, akici-

kta, ihakta, wakta, etc.
a-kta'-kta, adv. red. of akta; again and again,

repeatedly.
a-kta'-kta-ya, adv. repeatedly.
a-kta'-sni, v. of akta ; to reject, despise, — awa-

ktasni.
a-kta'-sni, adv. not toell : aktasni ecoi), to do a

thing badly.
a-kta'-sni-yar), adv. badly, wrong, not right.

See ektasniyai).
a-ktor)', adv. more than; wikcemna aktoi), more

than ten. PL, aktoijpi.
a-ktoi) -ktor)S, cont. of aktoijktoijza ; aktoijktoijs-

ya ; aktoqktorismayai), it has made me forgetful.
a-ktor)'-ktor)-za, adj. red. ; wacii) maktoijktoijza,

my memory is treacherous. See ktoi)ktoi)za.
a-ktoiis', cont. of aktoijza.
a-ktor)'-za, v. to forget. See akiktoijza.
a-ktor]'-za, adj. forgetful.

a-ku', V. a. to bring, to come bringing home, — awaku.
a-ku', V. col. pi. of ku ; they are coming home.
a-ku'-i-to-he-ya. See akoitoheya, the more cor-
rect form.
a-ku'-ka, v. n. to become old or rotten on one, as

clothing, — amakuka, anikuka, uqkakukapi.
a-ku'-ta, V. to loaich for, look for, look out for

one's coming : akuta kuwa, — akuta wakuwa.
a-ka', V. (a and ]^a) to dig on : maka aka, — awa-

ta, ayalja, urikal^tapi.
a-kil)', n. (a and l^iri) something to pack on, a

pack-saddle ; a riding-saddle ; a harness-saddle :

suktai)ka akii).
a-ko'. See oko.
am, V. imperat. pi. of a ; hark.
a'-ma-ga-ga, v. This is said to be from ikagaga,

to fall on in drops, trickle on. The ma is the

pronoun.

AMA

16

ANA

a-ma'-ga-ya, v. See amahya.

a'-ma-ga-ZU, v. n. (a and magazu) to rain on,

— amamagaiu, animagaiu, uijkamagazupi.
a'-ma-ga-zu-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to rain on, —

amagazuwakiya.
a'-ma-ga-zu-ya, v. a. to cause to rain cm, — ama-

gazuwaya.
a-ma'-hpi-ya, v. n. to cloud over.
a-ma'-lipi-ya, adj. cloudy, clouded over.
a-maR'-ya, v. a. to plant at a. place, make a field

at ; to be attached to, — amahwaya.
a-mah'-ye-ea, v. Same as amahya, — amaiwa-

yeca.
a-ma'-ni, v. (a and mani) to walk on, — amawani,

amayani, amauqnipi ; car) amanipi, a ladder.
a-mai)', v. (a and mai)) to sit on and hatch, as

fowls ; to hatch on, — amaijpi.
a-ma'-ste, v. n. (a and maste) to be Wftrm on, —

amamaste, amaniste, amaui)^tepi.
a-ma'-ste-na-pta-pta, n. the glimmering of

vapor in the sun heat ; the burning appearance on

the prairie on a hot day, mirage.
a-ma'-ste-ya, adv. exposed to the heat, in the

sun.
a-ma'-ste-ya-ken, adv. hotly.
a-mda'-ke-dar}, adj. calm, still, without wind.
a-mda'-ke-dai], n. a calm : amdakedai) idu.
a-mda'-ke-na, adj. (Ihank.) Same as amda-
kedai).
a-mda'-ke-tarj, adj. (Mdewa.) Same as amda-
kedai).
a-mda'-ya, adj. level on.
a-mde'-ca. See amdecahai).
a-mde'-ea-har), jmrt. scattered, fallen off, as from

a pile or rock, etc.
a-mdes', cont. of amdeza : amdes iyaya, to become

clear, become sober ; amdes aya, — amdes ama-

yai).
a-mdes'-ya, v. a. to make clear or sober, — amdes-

waya.
a-mdes'-ya, adv. clearly, conspicuously, soberly :

amdesya waqmdaka, / see clearly.
a-mdes'-ya-ken, cerfjj. clearly. Not much used.
a-mde'-za, v. a. of mdeza ; to see clearly, — awa-

mdeza, ayamdeza.
a-mde'-za, v. n. to be clear, perspicuous ; to be

sober, — amamdeza, ur)kamdezapi.
a-mido', n. the shoulder, the scapula.
a-mdo'-hu, n. the shoulder bone or blade, sca-
pula.
a-mdo'-i-yo-ki-zu, n. the part between the

shoulders.
a-mdo'-o-ki-ta-he-dar), n. between the shoulders.
a-mdo'-sa and amdosasa, n. the red-winged

black-bird. See wamdosa.

a-ml'-ei-ei-ya, v. 1st pers. sing, of ai(5iciya (per-
haps from aya) ; tokeq owakihi ami^iciya, / act
as I am able.

a-mi-ni'-he-ea, v. n. (a and miniheca) to be
industrious in regard to, — amaminiheca, animini-
heca. See amniheca and its derivatives.

a-mi-ni'-hen-i-di-ya, v. reflex, to make oneself
industrious about any thing, — aminihemifjiya.

a-mi-ni'-hen-ya, v. a. to cause to be industri-
ous about any thing.

a-mi-ni'-hen-ya, adv. industriously, stirringly.

a-rai-ni'-tar], v. n. (a mini and tai)ka) to over-
floio. See amnitai).

a-nii-ni'-tar)-ya, v. a. to cause to overflow. See
amnitaijya.

a-mna'-i-di-ya, v. reflex, of mnayai) ; to gather
for oneself, to be selfish, — amnami^iya.

am'-na-ka-ha. See ai)petu nakaha.

a-mna'-yar}, v. a. (a and mnayai)) to collect,
gather together to, add to, — amnawaya, amna-
yaya.

a-mni', v. (a and mni) to spread out to dry on
any thing, — awamni, ayamni, uqkamnipi.

a-mni'-ei-ya, v. (a and mniciya) to assemble to,
make an assembly ; to assemble on account of, —
amnimiciya, amninic'iya, amniui)kiciyapi.

a-mni '-ei-ya-ken, adv. in the manner of assem-
bling.

a-mni'-mni, v. a. to sprinkle on any thing,
sprinkle with water, etc., — awamnimni, ayamni-
mni, ui)kamnimnipi : acimnimni, / sprinkle you.

a-mni'-tai), v. n. to flood, overflow.

a-mni'-tar)-ya, v. a. to cause to overflow, to flood,
— amnitai)waya.

a-mni'-tar)-yai], adv. in an overflowing manner.

a'-m.o-mo-na, «. a babe ; a doll.

a-na'-go-ptar), v. a. to listen to, hearken to ; to
obey, — anawagoptaij, anayagoptar), anaui)goptai)-
pi, anamagoptai) ; anacigoptai), / obey you;
anaui)nigoptai)pi, we liearken to you.

a-na'-go-ptar)-ya, v. a. to cause to listen to, —
anagoptaqwaya, anagoptai)mayai).

a-na'-go-ptar)-yar), adv. obediently, attentively.

a-na'-ha, v. a. to kick out of the way, — ana-
waha.

a-na'-hdo-hdo, v. n. to bubble up, as in boiling.

a-na'-hdu-ste, v. n. to be lame in the leg, limp ;
to break down, as one's leg does sometimes : ana-
hduste iyaya.

a-na'-Ra, adj. rough, roughened up.

a-na'-hbe, v. See anahma.

a-na'-hte-ya, adv. secretly, slyly, covertly.

a-na'-Jibe-ya-hai], adv. secretly.

a-na'-hda-ta, v. a. to crawl up carefully on any
thing, — anawahdata.

ANA

17

ANA

a-na'-hdo-ka, v. a. (a and naliJoka) to wear a

hole in, as in a moccasin, on something, — anawa-

lidoka.
a-na'-]iina, v. a, to hide, conceal, — anawalibe,

anayalibe, anaui)hmai}pi. From this comes woa-

nahbe.
a-na'-liniar)-pi, n. a concealing, concealmefiit.
a-na'-hpa, v. a. (a and nalipa) to kick down on

any thing, — anawahpa.
a-na'-Rta-ka, v. a. (a and nahtaka) to kick one

on something else, — anavvahtaka, anamahtaka.
a-na'-i-ei-psor), v. reflex, of anapsoq ; to spill on

oneself, — anami(;ipsor).
a-na'-ke-ya, adv. turned partly on one side.
a-na'-ki-ci-go-ptai), v. of anagoptai) ; to hearken

to for one, — anawec'igoptai). PL, anakicigo-

ptaijpi, they hearken to each other, — anauijkidi-

goptaiipi.
a-na'-ki-ei-go-ptap-yai], adv. hcarkeniny to

each other.
a-na'-ki-ci-pta-pi, v. pi. recip. of anapta ; they

stop or hinder each other, — anauijkiciptapi.
a-na'-ki-go-ptaii, v. pos. of anagoptai) ; to

hearken to, to obey, as one's father, — anawakigo-

ptai).
a-na'-kl-go-ptai]-yar), adv. obediently.
a-na'-ki-hbe, v. See anakilinia.
a-na'-ki-hbe-ya, v. a. to cause to conceal, — ana-

kihbewava.
a-na'-ki-Rbe-ya, adv. covertly, secretly.
a-na'-ki-hbe-ya-hai], adv. stealthily, privately.
a-na'-ki-hma, v. a. to hide, conceal, refuse to

tell ; to deny, affirm that it is not so, — anawa-

kilibe, anayakilibe, anauqkihmaripi.
a-na'-ki-hinar)-pi, n. denying, concealing. Part.,

concealed.
a-na'-ki-ksir), v. a. to stand over and defend

one ; to interpose for one, when in danger ; to

expose oneself for another ; to work for one, and

give him an opportunity to rest, — anaweksii],

anayeksii), anaciciksir) or anac'iksir), anamiksii).
a-na'-ksa, v. (a and naksa) to break off a thing

on something with the foot, — anawaksa, anauij-

ksapi.
a-na'-ksis, cont. of anaksiia : anak^i4 iyeya.
a-na'-ksi-za, v. (a and nak^iza) to bend doion on

with the foot, as grass on tlie prairio,^anawa-

ksiza.
a-na'-ktar), v. (a and naktaij) to bind on or over.
a-na'-ke-za, v. to make smooth by treading on.

See onakeza, which is more correct.
■a-na'-mda-ga, v. n. (a and namdaga) to open or

spread out on.
a-na'-mdas, cont. of anamdaza : anamdas iyeya,

to make burst by kicking,

a

a-na'-mda-za, v. a. (a and namdaza) to tear

open with the foot, to burst open on, — anawa-

mdaza.
a-na'-mde-ca, v. a. (a and namdeca) to scatter

or break in pieces on any thing loith the foot, —

anawamdeca, anayamdeca.
a-na'-mde-ea, v. n. to spread out on, as grain

when poured on any thing.
a-na'-mden, cont. of anamdeea : anamden ehpeya,

to scatter by pouring down.
a-na'-mdu, v. a. (a and namdu) to kick dust on,

■ — anawamdu ; anamamdu, he kicks dust on me.
a-na'-mna, v. a. (a and namna) to rip on any

thing with the foot ; haijpa iiiyai) anamna, to ri]}

one's moccasin on a stone, — anawamna.
a-na'-mni, v. n. to give way under the foot, as

snow when there is water under it : anamni iye-

waya.
a-na'-pa, v. a. (a and napa) to run to for refuge,

— anawapa, anayapa, anauijpapi.
a-na'-pca, v. (a and napea) to stcallow on or

after something else, — anawapca, anaurjpcapi.
a-na'-po-pa, v. n. (a and napopa) to burst oh

any thing, — anamapopa.
a-na'-po-ta, v. a. (a and napota) to wear out on,

as one's moccasins on any thing, — anawapota.
a-na'-psa-ka, v. a. (a and napsaka) to break a

string with the foot on something, — anawapsaka.
a-na'-psoi], and a-na-psuq, v. a. (a and napso^)

to kick over and spill on any thing, — anawapsoT),

anamapsoi), anauijpsoijpi.
a-na'-psoil, v. n. to boil over on any thing.
a-na'-psa, v. n. anapsa hiijhda, to bubble up, as

foul water when disturbed ; to come up, as bub-
bles on water.
a-na'-psa-psa, v. n. red. of anapsa ; to boil up,

come up, as bubbles on water.
a-na'-psur), v. a. (a and napsurj) to dislocate, put

out of joint on any thing, — anawapsuq.
a-na'-pta, v. a., to stop, hinder, cause to cease, to

obstruct, forbid, — anawapta, anayapta, anaui^-

ptapi, anamapta ; anai^ipta, to stop for oneself,

to cease from oneself, — anami^ipta.
a-na'-pta, v. n. to cease, stop.
a-na'-pta-pi, jxirt. stopped, ceased : 013 anaptapi,

that which produces a stoppage, the name given

to paregoric.
a-na'-pte-ea, v. n. to hinder, obstruct, — anama-

pteca.
a-na'-pte-ea, adv. in an obstructed manner ;

less.
a-na'-pten, adv. less, less than.
a-na'-pten-ya, adv. in a less manner.
a-na'-pten-ya-ken, adv. less, in a lessened

ANA

18

AIJP

a-na'-pte-tor), v. a. to prohibit, lay a hindrance,

lay an embargo, — anaptewator).
a-na'-pte-toi), n. a prohibition, obstruction, hin-
drance.
a-na'-ptu-za, v. a. (a and naptuza) to crack or

split with the foot on any thing, — anawaptu-

i&.
a-na'-po, v. n. to come all over one, as ashes or

steam, — anamapo, ananipo.
a-na'-sa, v. a. (a and nasa) to hunt or ffo after,

as buffalo, — anawasa. Nasa and wanasa are

more generally used.
a-na'-sa, v. n. to rise up on, as a hog's bristles on

his back ; to bristle up.
a-na'-sda-ta, v. a. (a and nasdata) to creep up to

carefully, as a hunter to game,— anawasdata,

anaur)sdatapi.
a-na'-sda-ta-pi, n. a creeping up to game.
a-na'-sdoka, v. to kick off, as one's moccasins ;

to come in haste to, — anawasdoka.
a-na'-ta, v. to bury with the foot, scrape dirt on

with the foot, — anawata.
a-na'-tai], v. a. (a and natai)) to rush on any

person or thing, make an attack on, — anawatai),

anayatai), anaur)tar)pi, anamataij, anawicatag.
a-na'-tai)-pi, part, attacked.
a-na'-ti-ca, v. a. (a and natic'a) to scrape snow

on any thing with the foot, — anawatica.
a-na'-ti-tai), v. (a and natitaq) to push on with

the foot ; to pull back on account of, — anawati-

tai).
a-na'-tpi, v. a. (a and natpi) to crack, as a louse,

with the foot, on something, — anawatpi.
a-na'-tu-ka, v. a. (a and natuka) to wear off with

the foot, as the hair from a buffalo-skin moccasin,

— anawatuka.
a-na'-ta, v. a. (a and nata) to kill with the foot

on something, — anawafa, anayata.
a-na'-tir^s, cont. of anatiijza.
a-na'-tir]S-ya, adv. firmly trodden.
a-na'-tirj-za, v. a. (a and natiijza) to tramp down

hard and tight, — anawatir)za, anauijtiijzapi.
a-na'-vrai^g, cont. of anawai)ka.
a-na'-vraijg-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to gallop on.
a-na'-war)-ka, v. a. (a and nawaqka) to kick

down on any thing, — anawawaijka.
a-na'-"wai]-ka, v. n. (a and nawaijka) to gallop,

as a horse, on any thing.
a-na'-'we-ga, v. (a and nawega) to break on any

thing with the foot, but not to break off, — anawa-

wega, anayawega.
a-na'-vreh, cont. of anawega : anaweh iyeya.
a-na'-"wii], v. (a and nawiij) to fly around over ;

to tell round about ; to tell what is not true, to

lie ; to con/val, — anawawii).

a-na'-'wii)S, cont. of anawiijia : anawiq^ iyeya.
a-na'-"wir)-yar), adv. concealing by circumlocu-
tion ; parabolically, John x. 16.
a-na'-Awirj-za, v. a. (a and nawigia) to bend

down on with the foot, — anawawiijza.
a-ni', v. n. (a and ni) to live on or for, — awani.
a-ni'-ea, v. a. to withhold, keep back from, retain

something claimed by another ; to lay claim to ;

to forbid, oppose, — awanica, ayanic'a, uijkanicapi.

From this is formed akinica.
a-nin', cont. of anida.
a-ni'-ni, n. any thing that collects on, as soot,

thick scum, etc. : anini se hiyeya, said of soot

that hangs loosely.
a-ni'-ya, v. a. (a and niya) to breathe on, — awa-

niya, ayaniya, uijkaniyapi.
a-nog', adv. cont. of anoka ; on both sides ; anog

ope, sharp on both sides, two-edged.
a-nog'-pa-ska, n. the white-headed eagle : from

anokataijhai) pa ska.
a-noh'-ke-ci-ya, v. to lend an ear to, listen to ;

anohkeciya maijka, / am listening to it.
a-noh'-ki-ci-ya, v. Same as anohkeciya. Both

are said to be correct.
a-no'-ka, adv. on both sides. Used only in ano-

kataijhai).
a-no'-ka-tai)-har), adv. on both sides, from both

ar)'-pa, «. day, light of day, daylight. Opposed
to otpaza.

ai)'-pa-ka-mde-za, n. day-breaking, day-break.

ar)'-pa-o, v. n. to dawn as the morning. Possi-
bly the o is the verb o, to shoot, to hit, the refer-
ence being to the shooting up of light.

ai)'-pa-0, n. the dawn of morning, daylight : aij-
pao hinapa, dawn appears ; aijpao duta, the red-
ness of the dawn ; aqpao waijka, during dawn.

ai]'-pa-o-ho-tor)-na, n. (aijpa and hotoij) domes-
tic fowls, so called from their crowing in the
morning.

ar)-pe', n. day ; space.

ai]-pe'-eii)-har), adv. in a day, to-day.

ai)-pe'-co-ka-ya, n. midday, noon.

ar)-pe'-eu-sa, adv. during the day. The idea is
that of having a whole day before one — no need
of haste. See the next word.

ai)-pe'-cu-sa-ken, adv. Same as aijpecusa : haij-
haijna aijpecusaken uriyaijpi kta, in the morning,
with the day before us, we will go.

ai^-pe'-de-han, adv. this day, to-day, now.

ai]-pe'-har), adv. to-day.

ar^-pe'-he-pi-ya, n. the space between the earth
and heavens.

ar)-pen', adv. (ai)pa and en) by day : aijpen mi-
stii)be, by day I slept,

A]^P

19

AON

ar)-pe'-tu, n. a day, either a natural day, the

time between the rising and setting of the sun, or

a civil day, the whole twenty-four hours.
ar)-pe'-tu-"wa-kar), n. sacred day, the Sabbath.

Also, aqpetu okihpapi.
ar)-pe'-tu-"wi, n. the sun, lit. day-sun ; thus

distinguished from harjyetuwi, the night-sun or

moon.
ar}-po'-skaii, adv. (aqpa and oskan) by day.
ai)-po'-skan-tu, adv. by day, in the day-time.
ar)-po'-sk£in-tu-ya, adv. by day.
ai}-po'-skaJi-tu-ya-ken, adv. by day, in the

day-time.
arj-pta'-ni-ya, n. the breath of day, i. e. the very

first glimmerings of mom ; vapors raised by the

sun.
a-o'-cir), v. of odiq ; to desire some of a tiling :

aowadii) kta tuka tonana, / would desire some,

but there is only a little.
a-o'-co-ka, adv. in the midst. See ahocoka,

which is the correct form.
a-o'-co-ka-ya, adv. surrounded by.
a-o'-de, V. (a and ode) to seek for something in

addition to, — aowade, aoyade.
a-o'-haij-zi, v. n. (a and ohaqzi) to shade, to

overshadow, — aoraahaq zi.
a-o'-har)-zi, adv. in the shade, shade upon.
a-o'-har)-zi-ya, v. a. to cause shade upon, to

overshadow, — aohaijziwaya, aohar)zimayai).
a-o'-hai^-zi-ya, adv. shadowy, in the shade.
a-o'-hdu-ta, v. n. to close up, fill up, as a hole or

wound, to heal over, — aomahduta.
a-o'-hdu-te, v. n. Same as aohduta. Part.,

closed up, healed over.
a-o'-hdu-te-ya, v. a. to close up, to cause to heal

over ; to press around, surround, throng, over-
whelm,— aohdutewaya, aohdutemayai), aohdute-

uijyaijpi.
a-o'-hdu-te-ya, part, surrounding : maka ao-

hduteya, around the earth.
a-o'-hdu-te-ya, adv. throngingly.
a-o'-har)-hai]-hai), adv. very skilfully.
a-o'-har)-hai]-hai)-ken, adv. very skilfully.
a-o'-ka-ga, v. a. to add to, as in building, make

something in addition to ; to exaggerate, — aowa-

kaga, aouqkagapi, aomakaga.
a-o'-ka-ga, v. n. to drift down stream, — aoma-
kaga.
a-o'-ka-ge-ea, v. a. to add to, do or say more

than is fitting, to be unreasonable, — aoyakageca.
a-o'-kah, cont. of aokaga.
a-o'-ka-hbog', cont. of aokahboka ; drifting or

fioatingon, — aokahbog iyaya; aokahbog ui)yai)pi.
a-o'-ka-hljo-ka, v. n. to drift on, float down

stream.

a-o'-kah-ya, adv. extravagantly, as in talking.
a-o'-kah-ya-ken, adv. exaggcratingly.
a-o'-ka-kir), v. a. to peep into, — aowakakiq, aoya-

kakii).
a-o'-ka-kir)-yar), adv. peeping into.
a-o'-ka-pon, cont. of aokapota ; floating on a

stream : aokapon iyaya.
a-o'-ka-po-ta, v. n. to rise to the top, as any thing

in water ; to float on, as on water.
a-o'-ka-sir), v. a. to look into, peep into, — aowa-

kasiq, aoyakasii), aouqkasiijpi.
a-o'-ka-sir)-yar), adv. peeping in upon.
a-o'-ka-ta, v. n. to be warm on, — aomakata.
a-o'-ka-ta, v. a. to cover with earth, — aowakata.
a-o'-ka-tai), v. a. (a and okatai)) to nail one

thing on another, — aowakatai), aoyakatai), aouij-

katai)pi.
a-o'-ka-ti-ea, v. a. to draw or scrape snow on any

thing, — aowakatic'a.
a-o'-ka-tir)S, cont. of aokatiqza.
a-o'-ka-tir)S-ya, adv. pressed in or on tight.
a-o'-ka-tir)-za, v. a. (a and okatiriza) to press or

pound in tight, as in packing flour ; to hammer

on tight, as a hoop, — aowakatiriza.
a-o'-ki-be, v. a. to encircle, go around ; to clasp,

encircle with the arms, — aowakibe.
a-o'-ki-be-ya, v. n. to go round, as the sun.
a-o'-ki-be-ya, adv. encircling.
a-o'-ki-ei-pa-gi, v. of opagi ; to fill a pipe for

one in addition to, — aowecipagi.
a'-o-ki-hai)-na, n. something worn over or with

another garment, a vest.
a'-o-ki-hna, n. a vest. See dokihaqna.
a-o'-ki-hna-ka, v. a. (a and okihnaka) to put

some in in addition to, to help one to food a second

time, — aowelmaka.
a-o'-ki-ya, v. (a awe? okiya) to follow, come

after ; to help in regard to ; to band together for

a purpose, — aowakiya.
a-o'-kpa-gi, v. pos. of aopagi ; to fill erne's pipe

again, — aowakpagi.
a'-o-kpa-ni, v. n. to be wanting, not sufficient.
a'-o-kpa-ni-yai), adv. insufficiently, less than.
a-o'-kpas, cont. of aokpaza.
a-o'-kpas-ya, v. a. to darken, make dark upon,

— aokpaswaya, aokpasmayai).
a-o'-kpas-ya, adv. obscurely, darkened.
a-o'-kpa-za, v. n. to be dark on any place or

tiling, — aomakpaza.
a-o'-ko, v. n. (a and oko) to be a fuss made

about.
a-o'-ko-ya, v, a. to buzz about, to make a noise or

fuss about, — aokowaya, aokomayaij.
a-o'-na-ki-ta-ka, v. pos. of aonataka ; to fasten,

;is a dooi', on one, — aonawakitaka.

AON

20

APA

a-o'-na-sdo-ka, v. a. to run awai/ from, leave, —

aoiiawasdoka.
a-o'-na-tag, cont. of aonataka : aonatag iyeya.
a-o'-na-ta-ka, v. a. to fasten on one ; tiyopa

aonataka, to fasten thi door on one, — aonawataka.
a-o'-na-tir)3, cont. of aonatiqza : .lonatiqs iyeya.
a-o'-na-tirj-za, v. a. to press down tirjht in a box

or barrel, — aonawatiijza.
a-oi)', V. a. to lay or place on, as wood on the fire,

— awaoq, ayaor), uijkaoqpi.
a-or)'-pa, v. a. to lay or place wood on the fire.

Sain3 as aoi), — awaoqpa, ayaoijpa, uqkaoijpapi.
a-or)'-pe-ea, v. to have one^s ability tested ; to

back out, not to do as one proposed, — awaoij-

pec'a.
a-or)'-si-ya, adv. more poorly, in a worse condi-
tion.
a-or)'-si-ya-ken, adv. still worse, loorse and

ivorse.
a-o'-pa, V. (a and opa) to follow with, — aowapa.
a-o'-pa-gi, V. (a and opagi) to fill the pipe again,

to fill the pipe after eating, — aowapagi.
a-o'-pe-ya, v. a. to add to, cause to follow with.
a-o'-pe-ya, adv. with, together with.
a-o'-pte-ca, adj. less, little.
a-o'-pten, adv. less than.
a-o'-pten-ya, v. a. to diminish, — aoptenwaya.
a-o'-pten-ya, adv. less.
a-o'-pten-ya-ken, adv. less, less than.
a-o'-pte-tu, adv. less.
a-o'-pte-tu-ya, adv. less, in a less manner.
a'-o-tpa-ni, v. n. to be lacking, less than.
a'-o-tpa-ni-yai}, adv. less than.
a-o'-tpas, cont. of aotpaza.
a-o'-tpas-ya, v. a. to make dark on, — aotpas-

waya ; aotpasur)yaripi, they make it dark on us.
a-o'-tpas-ya, adv. darkly, in the dark.
a-o'-tpa-za, v. n. (a ami otpaza) to be dark on, —

aomatpaza.
a-o'-tpa-zar), v. a. to push into, as an arrow into

a quiver, or a feather into one's hair, — aowatpa-

zai). '

a-o'-tpa-zai)-ki-tor), v. n. to Imve a sheath or

case upon ; he sheathed ov liushed in.
a-o'-tir)S, cont. of aotiijza.
a-o'-tins-ya, v. a. to crowd or press about, to

beset, — aotiijsmayai), aotiijsuqyaypi.
a-o'-til)S-ya, adv. crowding, besetting.
a.-o' -tir)-'Z,B., v. a. (aand otiijza) to be tight on, as

a garment ; to he tight in, as any thing inside of .

another, — aomatiijza.
a-o'-to-hna-ka, v. n. to he foolhardy, to dare,

risk on'i's life, — aotowahnaka, aotouijlmakapi.
a-o'-ur]-yai), v. (a and ouyyaij) to he or abide on :

akan ouqyaij.

a-o'-'we-hai), v. n. to jest, make fun, he ironical,

make a false statement, — aowewahai).
a-o'-'we-hai)-hai), v. red. of aowehaij ; to jest,

maks sport, — aowewahaijhai], aoweui)har)haijpi.
a-o'-'we-hai}-har)-yai), adv. jestingly, in Sport.
a-o'-zig-zi-ca, v. a. to stretch up after any thing,

— aowazigzica.
a-o'-zig-zin, cont. of aozigzica : aozigzin naziij, to

stand stretching up, — aozigzin nawaziij.
a-o'-zar)-zar), v. n. (a and oiaijzaij) to be light on

any tiling, — aomaiaij^ai).
a-o'-zar)-zar)-ya, v. a, to cause to be light upon,

■ — aoiaijzaijwaya.
a-o'-zai]-zar)-yar), adv. in an illuminated man-
ner.
a-pa', n. some, a ]xirt, as of a mass of any thing.
a-p'a', V. a. to strike or smite a thing in any

way, — awap'a, ayap'a, iirjkap'api, amap'a, acip'a.
a-pa'-be, v. Same as apamai).
a-pa'-bu, V. a. (a and pabu) to drum or make a

■noise on any thing, — awapabu.
a-pa'-car)-caii, v. a. {^a, and pacaijdai)) to push

and make trevible mi any thing ; to make one

tremble by pushing, — awapacaijcai).
a-pa'-eo-za, v. a. (a and pac'oza) to rub and

make ivarm on any thing, — awapacoza.
a-pa'-dar), n. dim. of apa ; a small part.
a-pa'-dai)-ka, n. Same as apadaq.
a-pa'-gan, v. a. (a and pagan) to sjxire or give

away for a purpose, — awapagai).
a-pa'-go, V. a. (a and pago) to carve or engrave

on any thing, — awapago.
a-pa'-gu-ka, v. a. (a and paguka) to sprain by

rubbing on any thing, — awapaguka.
a-pa'-ha, v. a. (a and paha) to raise on or over,

as the hand to strike one : isai) apaha maku-

wa, he follows me with his knife drawn, — awa-

paha.
a-pa'-hba, v. a. (a and pahba) to shell off, as corn,

on any thing, — awapahba.
a-pa'-hi, v. a. (a and pahi) to pick up or gather

on any thing, — awapahi.
a-pa'-hir)-ta, v. a. (a and pahii)ta) to brush on

any thing, — awapahii)ta.
a-pa'-hmi-yail-yar), v. a. (a and pahmiyayyaij)

to 7nuke round as a ball on any thing.
ia-pa'-hmor), v. a. (a and pahmoij) to twist or

roll on any thing, — awapahmoij.
a-pa'-ho-mni, v. a. (a and pahonini) to push or

shove around on any thing, — awapahomni.
a-pa'-hu-hu-za, v. a. (a and pahnhuza) to shake

on any thing, — awapahuhuza.
a-pa'-ha-tka, adj. against the grain, rough.
a-pa'-ha-tka-ya, adv. roughly, against the

grain.

APA

21

APA

a-pa'-Eida-gar), v. a. [a atid paMagai)) to make

lan/e on any thing, — awapahdagai).
a-pa'-hdan-toi), v. a. (apaMate and toij) to

bind or embroider with ribbon, — apahdanwatoi).
a-pa'-B.da-ta, v. a. to embroider.
a-pa'-Rda-te, n. ribbon, ferret, binding. See

siiia apalidato.
a-pa'-hde-ea, v'. a. (a and palidec'a) to tear or

rend on any tiling ; to rend, by shoving with the

hand, as the coat on one's back, — awapahdeca.
a-pa'-hdo-ka, v. a. (a and pahdoka) to pierce or

make a hole in, on any thing, — awapahdoka.
a-pa'-Rpa, v. a. (a and pahpa) to throw down on,

— awapahpa, uflkapahpapi.
a-pa'-lipu, V. a. (a and pahpu) to pick off on, —

awapahpu.
a-pa'-lita, v. a. (a and pahta) to bind or tie on

any thing, — apawahta, apauijhtapi.
a-pa'-ke-za, v. a. (a and pakeza) to make a noise

by filing or rubbing on.
a-pa'-kip-ta, v. a. (a and pakiqta) to wipe or rub

off on any thing, — awapakiijta.
a-pa'-kpar), v. a. (a and pakpai)) to crush or

, inake fine on, — awapakpai).
a-pa'-ksa, v. a. (a and paksa) to break off on, —

awapaksa.
a-pa'-ksi-za, v. a. (a and paksiza) to bend or

double up on any thing, — awapak^iia.
a-pa'-ku-ka, v. a. (a and pakuka) to rub to pieces

on any thing, — awapakuka.
a-pa'-ke-za, v. a. (a and pakeza) to make smooth

by scraping on, — awapa^eza.
a-pa'-ko-za, v. a. (a and pa^oza) to rub and

make smooth on, — awapa^oza.
a'-pa-ma-hde, adj. down hill, descending.
a'-pa-ma-hde-ya, adv. down hill, in a descend-
ing manner : iipamahdeya uijyaijpi.
a-pa'-mai), v, a. (a and pamaq) to file, rub, or

jmlish on, — awapamai).
a-pa'-mda-ska, v. a. (a and pamdaska) to make

fiat on any thing, — awapamdaska.
a-pa'-mda-ya, v. a. (a and pamdaya) to make

level on any thing,— awapamdaya.
a-pa'-mda-za, v. a. (a and pamdaza) to burst

open, on, tear open on.
a-pa'-mde-ea, v. a. (a and pamdeca) to break or

crush on any thing, — awapamdeca.
a-pa'-mdu, v. a. (a and pamdu) to crush to pow-
der on any thing, — awapamdu.
a-pa'-mni, v. a. (a and pamni) to divide out on,

— awapamni, ayapamni, uijkapainnipi.
a-pa'-pa, n. red. of apa.
a-p'a'-p'a, v. red. of ap'a.

a-pa'-po-pa, v. a. (a and papopa) to make pop or
burst on any thing, — awapapopa.

a-pa'-psa-ka, v. a. (a and papsaka) to break in

ttoo, as a cord, on any thing, — awapapsaka.
a-pa'-psor), v. a. (a and papsoij) to spill on any

thing, as water, — awapapsoij.
a-pa'-psui), V. a. (a and pap^uij) to 'put out of

joint on any tiling, as tlio arm, — awapapsuij.
a-pa'-ptar), v. a. (a and paptaij) to roll over on

any thing, — awapaptai).
a-pa'-ptar)-ptar), v. red. of apaptai] ; to roll over

and over on any thing.
a-pa'-ptu-za, v. a (a and paptuza) to make crack

or split on any thing, — awapaptuza.
a-pa'-pu-za, v. a. (a and papuza) to wipe dry on

any thing, — awapapuza.
a-pa'-sde-ea, v. a, (a and pasdeca) to split by

rubbing on any thing, — awapasdeca.
a-pa'-sdo-har), f . a. (a and pasdohaij) to shove

or push along on any thing, — awapasdohai).
a-pa'-snor), v. a. (a and pasnoij) to roast on or

over any thing, — awapasnoi).
a-pa'-spa, v. n. to pass off, as clouds, or as

anger.
a-pa'-sto, V. a. (a and pasto) to make smooth or

brush down on any thing, — awapasto.
a-pa'-su-ta, v. a. (a and pasuta) to make hard or

stiff by kneading on any thing, — awapasuta.
a-pa'-sbog, v. cont. of apasboka : apasbog iyaya.
a-pa'-sbo-ka, v. n. (a and pa^boka) to come up>

on or over, as water ; to overfioiv.
a-pa'-sbu, v. n. (a and pasbu) to come up on.
a-pa'-sdo-ka, v. a. (a and pasdoka) to pull or

shove off on, as one's coat, — awapaMoka.
a-pa'-si-ca, v. a. (a and pasica) to soil or injure

by rubbing on any thing, — awapasica.
a-pa'-spa, v. a. (a and paspa) to break off a piece

on any thing, — awapaspa.
a-pa'-spu, V. a. (a and paspu) to pull off on any

thing ; to pick off or rub off, as one thing stick-
ing on another, — awapaspii.
a-pa'-su-za, v. a. (a and pasuza) to mash or

crush on any thing, — awapasuza.
a-pa'-ta, v. a. (a and pata) to cut up on, as meat

on a block, — awapata.
a-pa'-tar], v. a. (a and patai)) to reserve or take

care of for a purpose, — awapatar).
a-pa'-tar), v. a. (a and patai)) to push against, —

awapatai).
a-pa'-ti-ca, v. «. (a and patica) to scrape off' from,

as snow from the ground, — awapatica.
a-pa'-ti-tar), v. a. (a and patitaij) to push or

bra£e against, — awapatitai).
a-pa'-tu-za, v. a. (a and patuza) to stoop down

on or over, — awapatu^a.
a-pa'-^a, v. a. (a and pata) to kill by p>ressing on

any thing, — awapata.

APA

22

ASB

a-pa'-tir)-za, v. a. (a and patiijza) to press tight

on, to make stiff on, — awapatioza-
a-pa'-to, V. n. to obstruct, oppose, prevent progress,

— amapato.
a-pa'-to-ya, v. a. to obstruct, stop, hinder, — apa-

towaya, apatomayai).
a-pa'-tO-ya, adv. in an obstructing manner.
a-pa'-'war]-ka, v. a. (a and pawaijka) to push

down on any thing, — awapawai)ka.
a-pa'-"we-ga, v. a. (a and pawega) to break

partly, as a stick, on any thing, — awapawega.
a-pa'-vreh, cont. of apawega : apaweh iyeya.
a-pa'-Aviii-ga, v. n. to go round in circles on or

over.
a-pa'-"wii)li, cont. of apawi;)ga : apawii^li iyaya.
a-pa'-'wirjs, cont. of apawiqza : apawiijs iyeya.
a-pa'-Aviq-ta, v. a. (a and pawiqta) to rub on, —

awapawiijta.
a-pa'-'wiii-za, v. a. (a and pawiqza) to bend or

press down, as grass, on any thing, — awapa-

wigia.
a'-pa-ye, n. seasoning, any thing like meat or

grease boiled with corn. See wapaye.
a'-pa-ye-ya, v. a. to use a thing for seasoning, —

apayewaya.
a-pa'-zo, V. a. (a and pazo) to show or point to

on any thing ; to point at : nape amapazo, he

points his finger at me, — awapazo.
a-pa'-zur)-ta, v. a. (a and pazuijta) to stitch or

run up in sewing on any thing, — awapazuijta.
a-pa'-za-za, v. a. (a and paiaza) to wash by

rubbing on any thing, — awapaiaza.
a-pa'-zi-pa, v. a. (a and paiipa) to prick ox pinch

on any thing, — awapazipa.
a-pa'-zu-zu, v. a. (a and pazuzu) to rub out on

any thing, — awapaiuzu.
a-pce'-ya, v. a. (a and pc'eya) to cut and dry, as

meat, on any thing, — awapceya.
a-pe', V. a. to wait for, wait on ; to hope for, ex-
pect : u ape, to wait for one to come ; ye ape, to

wait for one to go, or desire one to go along, —

awape, ayape, uijkapepi.
a-pe', n. a leaf of a tree, leaves ; a blade of corn

or grass ; a fin of a fish, as in hoape.
a-p'e', V. Same as ap'a.
a-pe'-hai), v. a. (a and pehaij) to fold on any

thing, — awapehai).
a-pe'-hii], n. the mane of a horee.
a-pe'-sa, n. the red-fin, a species of fish.
a-pe'-sa-sa, n. Same as apesa.
a-pe'-ya, adv. loaiting for, hoping for.
a-pe'-za-ta, n. the forked-fin, a species of fish.
a-pis', cont. of apiia.

a-pis'-pi-za, v. red. of apiia ; to be lorinkled on.
a-pis'-ya, adv. in a lurinkled planner.

a-pi'-za, V. n. to be wrinkled on any thing, — ama-

piza.
a'-po, V. pi. imperat. of a.
a-po', V. n. (a and po) to swell on, — amapo.
a-po'-nma-mna, v. a. (a and pomnamna) to

shake or wag the head about, — apowamnanma.
a-po'-ptar)-ptai}, v. a. (a and poptaqptaij) to

shake the head about, dissent from, — apowaptai)-

ptai).
a-po'-tpo-ta, V. n. to be worn out or ragged on.
a-po'-tpo-ta-hai), part, worn out on, ragged.
a-psa', V. a. (a and psa) to sneeze on any thing, —

awapsa.
a-psa'-psa, adj. thick, close together, as grass, etc.
a-psa'-psa-ya, adj. thickly set, in a close

state.
a-ptai]'-ptar), v. n. (a and ptagptai)) to roll about

on, — amaptai) ptai) .
a-ptai)'-yar), v. n. to roll over on, fall on ; to

fall from, — amaptaqyai), aniptai)yar).
a-ptu'-za-hai], part, cracked or split on.
a-pus', cont. of apuza.
a-pus'-pu-za, v. red. of apuza.
a-pus'-ya, v. a. (a and pusya) to cause to dry on,

— apuswaya.
a-pus'-ya, adv. in the manner of drying on. ■
a-pu'-tag, cont. of aputaka.
a-pu'-tag-ya, v. a. to cause to touch.
a-pu'-tag-ya, adv. in the manner of touching.
a-pu'-ta-ka, v. a. (a and putaka) to touch, lay on,

as the hand, etc. : nape amaputaka, he placed his

hand upon me.
a-pu'-za, V. n. (a and puza) to dry on, become

dry on one, as clothes, — amapuza.
a-po', V. n. (a and po) there is fog on a thing,
a-sa'-ka, v. n. (a and saka) to become dry or hard

upon, — amasaka.
a-sar)', v. n. (a and saii) to become whitish or

greyish : asaij eyakn, to take a greyish stain.
a'-sar), adv. Same as osaij.
a-sai)'-pi, n. (aze and haripi) milk of any kind,

breast milk ; pte asaijpi, cow''s milk.
a-sar)'-pi-i-hdi, n. the oil of milk, i. e. cream,

butter.
a-sai)'-pi-iii-ni, n. thick milk.
a-sar)'-pi-su-ta, n. luird milk, i. e. cheese.
a-sar)'-pi-ta-sa-ka, n. hardened or frozen milk,

i. e. cheese.
a-sa'-pa, v. a. (a and sapa) to become black on :

asapa eyaku, to take a black stain.
a-sas'-ya, adv. of asaza ; slowly, gently, stilly.
a-sas'-ye-dar), adv. gently, slotoly.
a-sa'-za, adj. gentle. Not much used.
a-sba'-har), 2^^^- 'ravelling on. See sbahai).
a-sbu'-har), ^w/V. crumbling on. See sbuhaij.

ASD

23

ASK

a-sda', V. n. (a and sda) to be greasy on any

thing.
a-sdi'-pa, v. a. (a and sdipa) to lick off, lick

from, as a dog does.
a-sdo'-har), v. n. (a and sdohai)) to crawl along

on any thing, — awasdohai).
a-si'-eu-tor), v. a. to sole, put on a sole, as on a

moccasin, shoe, etc., — asicuwatoi).
a-s'il)', V. n. to sponge, loaf, hang about a place to

get something to eat, — awas'ir).

a-s'ir)'-s'ir)) '»• ^^^- of *>*'i')-

a-ska', V. n. (a and ska) to become white on.

a'-skam, cont. of dskapa.

a-skam'-tor), v. a. to make stick on, to seal, —

askamwatoij.
a'-skam-ya, v. a. to make stick on, to seal, —

askamwaya.
a-skai)', V. n. (a and skai)) to melt or thaw on ;

to disappear from, as snow.
as'-kar), n. (aze and kaij) the cords and veins of

the breast.
a'-ska-pa, v. n. to stick to or on, adhere to, —

amaskapa.
a-ske'-pa, v. n. (a and skepa) to leak out on.
a-smag'-ya, adv. (a and smaka) in an indented

manner : asmagya waijka.
a-sna'-sna, (a and snasna) to ring or rattle on.
a-sni', V. n. to recover or get well from sickness ;

to recover from anger, etc., — amasni, anisni,

ur)kasnipi.
a-sni'-ki-ya, v. a. to heal, cause to get well, —

asniwakiya.
a-sni'-yar), v. a. to cause to get well, to cure, —

asniwaya, asniui}yar)pi.
a-sni'-y ar)-ken, adv. in the way of recovering.
SL-SOT]', V. a. (a and soi)) to plait or braid on any

thing, — awasoi) .
a-so'-so, V, a. (a and soso) to cut into strings on

any place, — awasoso.
a-spar)', v. n. (a and spai)) to become soft or melt

on, as snow on any thing.
a-spa'-ya, v. n. (a and spaya) to become wet on ;

to sink in water, as in drowning, — amaspaya.
a'-spe-ya, v. a. to cause to sink down, as an

anchor in water ; to buoy up ; to weigh, — aspe-

waya : maza aspeyapi, an anchor ; or) aspeyapi,

scales, a steelyard.
a-spe'-ye-toi), v. a. to weigh any thing ; to

balance, — aspeyewatoi] .
a'-sto-ya, v. a. (a and stoya) to smooth doion

upon.
a-su'-ta, V. n. (a and suta) to become hard or

strong upon, — amasuta.
a-su'-ton, V. n. (a and sutoij) to become ripe on or

upon, as seed.

a-sa', V. n. (a and i&) to become reddish ; a,i&
eyaku, to take a red stain.

a-s'a', V. a. (a and s'a) to shout at or on account
of, — awas'a.

a-s'a'-ka, v. n. to be coated or furred, as the
tongue in sickness ; to he dirty, as a gun that
needs cleaning out.

a-s'a'-ko-'wii)-na, adv. mightily, strongly ; as'a-
kowiijna ecoi).

a-sam', cont. of asapa.

a-sam'-ya, v. a. to defile, make dirty, — asam-
waya.

a-sam'-ya, adv. dirtily, in a defiled manner.

a-sa'-pa, v. n. (a and ^apa) to become black or
dirty on any thing, — amasapa.

a-sbe', V. n. Same as a^ma.

a-sbe'-ya, adv. deeply, in a deep manner.

a-slDu', V. n. (a and ^bu) to drop, as water, on
any thing.

a-sbu'-ya, v. a. to cause to drop cm, as water, —
asbuwaya.

a-sda', V. n. (a and idn) to be bare on any thing.

a-sdo', V. n. (a and sdo) to fuse or melt, as metals,
on any thing.

a-sdo'-ya, v. a. to cause to melt on, — asdowaya.

a-sdun'-ya, v. a. (a and sdunya) to make slip on,

a-sdu'-sdu-ta, v. n. (a and ^du^duta) to be slip-
pery on.

a-se'-ca, v. n. (a and seca) to become dry or
seasoned on any thing.

a-si'-ca, v. n. (a and sic'a) to become bad or un-
pleasant on or for.

a-si'-ea-Rdo, v. a. to growl about, complain of, —
asicawahdo.

a-si'-ea-ya, adv. badly, unpleasantly.

a-si'-ea-ya-ken, adv. unpleasantly.

a-si'-ce-ca-ke, adj. unpleasant, as the weather or
country. See o^icecake.

a-sin'-ya, adv. badly, sadly.

a-sin'-ya-ken, adv. badly, unpleasantly.

a-ska'-dar], adv. soon, presently ; near, close by.

a-ska'-dar)-liir), adv. very near ; very soon.

a-ska'-ka, adv. soon, near.

a-ska'-na, adv. (Ihank.) Same as askadaij.

a-skar)'-skar), v. n. (a and skai)lkaij) to move
about on any thing.

a-skar)'-skar)-yai], adv. moving about on.

a-ska'-ta, v. n. (a and skata) to play on any-
place,— awaskata.

a-ska'-tu-dar), adv. lately, not long since.

a-ska'-tu-ya, adv. not long ago.

a-ska'-tu-ye-dar), adv. lately, but a short time-
ago.

a-ska'-ye-dar), n/lv. for a little while, not endur-
ing.

ASK

24

ATP

a-ske', n. the tufl or hunch of hair which some

Dakotas wear on the top of their heads : a^ke

yuwipi, the hunch of hair tied up.
a-ske'-har), v. n. (a and skehaij) to frisk or

jump ahout on.
a-skom'-ya, axlv. crookedly, in an arched man-
ner.
a-sko'-pa, v. n. (a and ^kopa) to he crooked on

or arched.
a-sma', v. n. (a and sma) to he deep, as water, o/n

any place.
a-sni'-za, v. n. (a and sniia) to he wilted or

lolthered on or for.
a-so'-ka, v. n. (a and soka) to he thick, as a board,

on any thing.
a-Bo'-ta, V. n. (a and sota) to he smoky on or at.
a-spar)', v. n. (a and spai)) to be cooked or humt

on or hy any thing.
a-stun'-ya, v. a. to cause to thaw cm, — astun-

waya.
a-stu'-ta, V. n. (a and stuta) to thaw on any

thing.
a-sui]'-pa, V. n. (a and suppa) to shed on, as the

quills of geese.
a-su'-ta, V. a. (a and suta) to miss, fail of, —

asuwata.
a'-ta, suffix, prep, to, at, on. When suffixed to

nouns ending in a, it becomes ta alone, as maga,

a field, magata, at the field ; in other cases, a y

is introduced for euphony, as ti, a house, tiyata,

to the house ; oai), wood, caijyata, at the woods.
a-ta'-go-sa, v. a. (a and tagosa) to spiit on any

thing, — atagowasa.
a-ta'-kir)-yar), adv. leaning on, not jierjyendi-

cular : wi atakiijyaq yarjka, the sun is declining.
a-ta'-kpe, v. a. (a and takpe) to make an attack

on, — atawakpe.
a-tail', V. a. to care for, have respect for, — awa-

tar) ; atai)sni, to disregard, throw aivay.
a-tar)'-ii), v. n. (a and taijii)) to appear on, he

manifest.
a-tar)'-iii-ir), v. red. of ataijiij.
a-tar)'-ir)-siii-yar), adv. in a lost manner.
a-tar)'-il]-yai), adv. appearing, manifestly.
a-tai^'-ka, v. n. (a and ta:oka) to he large on or

in addition to ; to be larger.
a-tar)'-ka-dai), dim. of ataijka.
a-tar)'-ka-ya, adv. widely, extensively.
a-taj}'-se, adv. silently, stilly : ataijse yai)ka.
a-ta'-pa, v. n. (a and tapa) to follow after on any

thing.
a-ta'-sa-ka, v. n. (a and tasaka) to become stiff

or luird on, as clothes, — amatasaka.
a.-tas'-ta-za, v. n. red. of ataia ; to he rough or

,^;«. wave.!: on one, as water.

a-ta'-te-yar)-pa, v. n. (a and tateyaijpa) to blow

upon any thing, as the wind does.
a-ta'-tpe, v. Same as atakpe.
a-ta'-ya, v. a. to go directly to any thing ; to he

fortunate in reference to, — atawaya.
a -ta-ye-dai], adv. directly, without a medium :

atayedai) e<!amoi), / did it myself or personally ;

atayedai) malvu, he gave it directly to me.
a-ta'-za, v. n. (a and taza) to he rough or in

waves on one, — amataia.
a-te', n. father, my father ; niyate, thy father ;

atkuku, his or her father.
a-te', V. n. (a and te) to become blue ; ate eyaku,

to take a blue stain. Same as ato.
a-te'-ca, v. n. (a and teca) to become new on.
a-tem'-ya, v. a. (a and temya) to eat up or

devour on, — atemwaya.
a-te'-pa-h.ar), part, worn off short on.
a-te'-ya, v. a. to have for a father ; to sustain

the relation of child to a man, — atewaya, ateyaya,

ateuriyaijpi. Among the Dakotas one's father's

brothers are also called ate.
a'-te-ye-dai), adv. Same as atayedar).
a-ti', V. n. (a and ti) to build a house or put up a

tent at or on ; to pitch a tent or encamp at for a

certain purpose : psir) ati, to camp at the rice.
a-ti'-pa-har), part, crisped or drawn up on.
a-tkir)', v. n. (a and tkii)) to be damp on.
a-tku'-ku, n. his or her father.
a-to', V. n. (a and to) to become blu£ or green on :

ato eyaku, to take a blue or green stain.
a'-to-kai), adv. in another place, to another pilace.
a-to'-ksu, V. a. (a and toksu) to carry or draw

any thing on, — atowaksu.
a-toi)'-'wai), V. a. (a and toijwai]) to look to or

at, — awatoqwai), uijkatoijwaijpi.
a-tor)'-'wai]-yai), v. a. to cause to look at ; to

make a village at or on a place, probably because

by making a village people are caused to look to

or at a place, — ator)\vai)ur)yai)pi.
a-tpa'-gar), v. a. (a and tpagai)) to part with

one's own for a purpose, — awatpagaij.
a-tpa'-hi, v. a. (a and tpahi) to gather up one's

own on something.
a-tpa'-mde-ea, v. a. (a and tpamdeca) to break

in pieces one's own on something.
a-tpas', cont. of atpaza.
a-tpa'-spa, v. n. (a and tpaspa) to disappear, go

out of sight, fade away, as clouds, or as the sun

disappears at night.
a-tpas'-ya, v. a. to darken, overshadow, — atpas-

waya.
a-tpas'-ya, adv. darkly, obscurely.
a-tpa'-ta, v. a. (a and tpata) to cut up or carve

one's own on any tiling.

ATP

25

AYA

a-tpa'-tar), v. a. (a and tpatai)) to spare or keep

one's own for a purpose.
a-tpa'-za, v, n. (a and tpaza) to become dark on,

— amatpaza, anitpaza, uqkatpazapi.
a-tu'-kta, adv. well, fortunately : atukta ecamor)

kill, / did well to do it ; atukta de ciqhai), if you

go it will he well.
a-tir)S', cont. of atiqza.

a-tii)s'-ya, adv. tightly, in a squeezing manner.
a-tir)'-za, v. n. (a and tii)za) to press on, be

tight on, — amatiqza.
a-to'-za, V. n. (a and toia) to become blunt or

dull on.
a-tui)g'-ya, v. a. to suspect one, have an inkling

of, — atuqgwaya. See tui)gya.
a-tui)'-ka, V. n. See atuijkeda.
a-tur)'-ke-ea, v. n. (a and tuijkeca) to be sus-
pected of, — amatuqkeda.
a-u', V. a. (a and u) to carry or bring any thing.
a-u', V. col. pi. they come.
a-u', V. n. (a and u) to come out on ; to ooze out

or run, as sap : mini au.
a-ur)', V. n. (a and uij) to be on, — awaui).
a-ui)'-yai), v. n. to be on or over : au^ya^ iyaya,

to pass over, as a fence ; aui)yai) kute, to shoot on

the wing, or as it flies over.
a-Twa', V. a. (a and wa) to snow upon ; to be snow

on any thing, — amawa.
a-vra'-ci, v. n. (a and wac'i) to rfawce on any

thing, — awawaci, awauijcipi.
a-'wa'-eir), z>. o. (a and waciij) to <At»i^ on or of,

meditate upon ; to trust, believe in, — awacai)mi,

awacaijni, awauijciijpi and ur)kawacii)pi.
a-"wa'-cir)-pi, n. a thinking upon, trusting in,

faith.
a-wa'-cir)-yai), adv. thinking upon.
a-'wa'-cirj-yarj-ken, adv. in the manner of think-
ing on.
a-vra'-lipa-ni-ea, v. n. (a and wahpanica) to he-
come poor on account of or by means of, — amawa-

hpanica.
a-vra'-hpa-ni-ya, v. a. to make poor by means

of — awahpaniwaya.
a-"wa'-hpa-ni-yaii, adv. poorly off.
a-"wa'-Me-ka, v. n. (a and -wahteka) to he had

or worthless.
a-'wa'-hte-snl, v. n. (a and wahte^ni) to he

worthless on some account.
a-"wa'-Me-sni-yar), adv. worthlessly, vilely.
a-"wa'-kar), v. n. (a and wakai)) to be sacred or

incomprehensible on some account.
a-"wa'-kar)-ka, v. n. Same as awakai).
a-wa'-kar^-ka, n. a supernatural being.
a-vra'-kari-yar), adv. mysteriously, supcrnatu-

rally.

a-"wa'-ki-cii], v. a. pos. of awaciij.
a-"wa'-ni-ea, v. n. (a and wanida) to be or he-
come nothing for some reason.
a-"wa'-nin, cont. of awanica ; used adverbially,

in a destroying manner : awanin iyeya.
a-"wa'-ni-ye-tu, v. n. (a and waniyetu) to come

winter on one, — amawaniyetu.
a-"wai)g', cont. of awai)ka : awaijg mda.
a-"waiig'-ya, v. to cause to lie on or for, — awai)g-

waya. See awaqka.
a-\wai)'-hdag, cont. of awarihdaka.
a-waq'-hda-ka, v. pos. of awagyaka ; to oversee

or take care of one's own, — awaijwahdaka.
a-"war)'-ka, v. n. (a and waijka) ' to he or lie on ;

to lie in wait or spend the night out for, as for

the purpose of killing deer : tahi;)ca awaijg mda,

/ am going to lie in wait for deer.
a-"war)'-kain, adv. above, overhead.
a-vrarj'-ki-ei-ya-ka, v. of awaijyaka ; to watch

or oversee for one, — awaijweciyaka.
a-vrai^'-yag, cont. of awaijyaka : awa^yag waui).
a-"war)'-yag-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to attend to or

oversee, — awaijyagwakiya.
a-"war]'-ya-ka, v. a. (a and wai)yaka) to look

upon ; to see to, have the oversight of, — awaq-

mdaka, awaqdaka, awaijuijyakapi.
a-wa'-pa, v. n. (a and wapa) to snow on.
a-'wa'-sa-ka, adj. cheap, easily purchased.
a-'wa'-sa-ka-dap, adj. cheap, as goods.
a-vra'-ste, v. n. (a and waste) to be good on or

for ; to become better than, — amawa^te.
a-vra'-ste-ya, adv. well, better than.
a-'wa'-ste-ya-ken, adv. better, in a better man-
ner : awasteyaken amayai), / am becoming better.
a-Tva'-taii-ip-sni, adj. dark, obscure, as in the

dusk of the evening.
a-"wa'-te-ea, adv. See wawateca.
a-'wa'-ya-pi-ka, v. n. (a and wayapika) to he

eloquent about any thing, — awamdapika.
a-'wa'-yu-pi-ka, v. n. (a and wayupika) to he

skilful aftoM?,— awamdupika.
a-vra'-yu-pi-ya, adv. skilfully, well.
a-Tve', V. n. (a and we) to become lean, as cattle

do in the spring of the year.
a-'we'-tu, v. n. (a and wetu) to become spring cm

one, — amawetu.
a'-'wi-ca-ke-hai), adv. truly, of a truth.
a'-vri-ea-ke-ya-hai], adv. truly.
a-vrlii'-ta, v. n. (a and wiijta) to creep on any

thing, as a child, — awawiijta.
a-VTi'-ya-kpa, v. n. (a and wiyakpa) to glisten

on any thing.
a-'wi'-ye-ya, adv. (a and wiyeya) ready for any

thing. See wiyeya.
a'-ya, v. a. to take or carry any thing along.

AYA

26

AYA

a'-ya, v. col. jil. of ya ; they go together.

a'-ya, v. n. to become, to he, to he in or on : maite

aya, it is becoming warm ; asniyaijken amayai), /

am recovering from sickness ; waniyetu teca uij-

kayapi, we are in the new year.
a-ya'-ba-ga, v. a. (a and yabaga) to twist or

turn with the mouth on any thing, — amdabaga.
a-ya'-bu, v. a. (a and yabu) to growl about, —

amdabu.
a-ya'-ce-ya, v. a. (a and yac'eya) to make erg

by talking to, — amdac'eya.
a-ya'-eo, v. a. (a and yaco) to condemn on ; to

condemn for or on account of, — amdaco.
a-ya'-ga, v. a. (a and yaga) to peel off with the

teeth on any thing, — amdaga.
a-ya'-go-pa, v. a. (a and yagopa) to suck up on,

— amdagopa.
a-ya'-hba, v. a. (a and yahba) to shell or bite off

on, — amdahba.
a-ya'-hbe-za, v. a. (a and yahbeza) to bite and

make rough on any thing.
a-ya'-llii)-ta, v. a. (a and yahiijta) to brush off

with the mouth, — amdahiijta.
a-ya'-hna-yai), v. a. (a and yahnayaij) to deceive

with the mouth, tell a falsehood about.
a-ya'-hda-ya, v. a. (a and yahdaya) to bite or

peel off with the teeth on any thing, — amdahdaya.
a-ya'-hde-ca, v. a. (a and yahdec'a) to tear with

the teeth on, — amdahdeca.
a-ya'-hdo-ka, v. a. (a and yahdoka) to bite a

hole in on any thing, — amdahdoka.
a-ya'-he-pa, v. a. (a and yaiepa) to drink up

on, — amdahepa.
a-ya'-hpa, v. a. (a and yahpa) to throw down

with the mouth on any thing, — amdahpa.
a-ya'-hpu, v. a. (a and yahpu) to bite off on.
a-ya'-Ma-ka, v. a. (a and yahtaka) to bite one

thing on another, — amdahtaka.
a-ya'-fiu, v. a. (a and yahu) to peel off on.
a-ya'-kea, v. a. (a and yakc'a) to untie with the

teeth on any thing, — amdakca.
a-ya'-ko-ka, v. a. (a and yakoka) to clatter or

gnash the teeth on any thing, — amdakoka.
a-ya'-kor^-pi, v. n. pi. of ayaijka ; they are in

such a condition.
a-ya'-kpa, v. a. (a and yakpa) to bite out on, —

amdakpa.
a-ya'-kpar), v. a. (a and yakpaij) to chew fine on,

— amdakpaq.
a-ya'-kpi, v. a. (a and yakpi) to crock with the

teeth on any thing.
a-ya'-ksa, v. a. (a and yaksa) to bite off on, —

amdaksa.
a-ya'-ksar), v. a. (a and yak^ai)) to bend with

the mouth on, — amdaksai).

a-ya'-ksis, cont. of ayak^iza.

a-ya'-ksi-za, v. a. (a aTid yaksiia) to double up

ivith the teeth on any thing.
a-ya'-ktar], v. a. (a and yaktai)) to bend with the

mouth on, — amdaktag.
a-ya'-ku-ka, v. a. (a and yakuka) to bite or tear

in pieces with the teeth on any thing, — amda-

kuka.
a-ya'-ke-ga, v. a. (a and ya^ega) to gnaw on

any thing.
a-ya'-ke-za, v. a. (a and ya^eza) to make smooth

with the teeth on any thing.
a-ya'-ko-ga, v. a. (a and ya^toga) to lite or gnaw

off on.
a-ya'-ko-za, v. a. (a and yat:oza) to bite off

smooth, as a horse eating grass.
a-ya'-ma, v. a. (a and yama) to gnaw on.
a-ya'-mda-sksi, v. a. (a and yamdaska) to make

fiat with the mouth on any thing.
a-ya'-mda-ya, v. a. (a and yamdaya) to make

level with the teeth.
a-ya'-mda-za, v. a. (a and yamdaza) to tear

open with the teeth.
a-ya'-mde-ca, v. a. (a and yamdeca.) to crush on

any thing with the teeth.
a-ya'-mdu, v. a. (a and yamdu) to chew fine on.
a-ya'-mna, v. a. (a and yamna) to gain on or

for by speaking.
a-yai)'-ka, v. n. (a and yai)ka) to be on or for,

to be in such a condition.
a-ya'-o-nl-hai), v. a. (a and yaonihaij) to praise

on or for.
a-ya'-o-tai]-iij, v. a. (a and yaotaijiri) to make

manifest on or for, — amdaotaijii).
a-ya'-pe-hai], v. a. (a and yapehaij) to fold up

with the mouth on any thing.
a-ya'-pe-mni, v. a. (a and yapemni) to twist

with the mouth on any thing.
a-ya'-po-ta, v. a. (a and yapota) to bite in pieces

on any thing, — amdapota.
a-ya'-psa-ka, v. a. (a and yapsaka) to bite off, as

a string, on any thing, — amdapsaka.
a-ya'-psop, v. a. (a and yapsoij) to spill with the

mouth on any thing, — amdapsoi).
a-ya'-psur], v. a. (a and yapsuq) to pull out by

the roots with the mouth on any thing,— amda-

psui).
a-ya'-ptar)-yai], v. a. {nand yaptaijyai)) to turn

over on any thing with the mouth.
a-ya'-ptu-za, v. a. (a and yaptuia) to crack or

split with the mouth on any thing.
a-ya'-sba, v. a. (a and yasba) to pick to pieces

with the teeth on any thing.
a-ya'-sde-ca, v. a. (a and yasdec'a) to split with

the teeth on any thing.

AYA

27

AYU

a-ya'-sku, v. a. (a and yasku) to pull off on with I

the teeth : mdo ha owaqka amdasku, I bite off

potato-skins on the fioor.
a-ya'-smii), v. a. (a and yasmii)) to pick off with

the teeth on, make hare with the teeth.
a-ya'-sna, v. a. (a and yasna) to make, ring as a

little bell, with the mouth on or over any thing.
a-ya'-80-ta, v. a. (a and yasota) to eat all up on,

— amdasota.
a-ya'-spa-ya, v. a. (a and yaspaya) to wet with

the mouth on any thing.
a-ya'-star)-ka, v. a. (a and yastaqka) to moisten

on any thing with the mouth.
a-ya'-sto, v. a. (a and yasto) to lick smooth on.
a-ya'-su-ta, v. a. (a and yasuta) to make firm or

establish with the mouth.
a-ya'-sa-pa, v. a. (a and ya^apa) to blacken or

defile with the mouth.
a-ya'-sdu-ta, v. a. (a and yasduta) to have the

teeth slip on any thing.
a-ya'-sko-pa, v. a. (a and yaskopa) to make

crooked or twisted by biting on.
a-ya'-sna, v. a. (a and yasna) to miss with the

mouth, let fall on from the mouth, — amda^na.
a-ya.'-spa, v. a. (a and yaspa) to bite a piece off

on any thing, — amda^pa.
a-ya'-spu, v. a. (a and ya^pu) to bite off on, as

one thing that adheres to another.
a-ya'-star), v. a. (a and yastaq) to cease from

speaking or eating, — amdastai), uijkayastaqpi.
a-ya'-su-za, v. a. (a and yasuia) to bite or mash

up on with the teeth.
a-ya'-ta, v. n. to guess, predict, foretell, divine,

soothsay, — amdata, adata, uijkayatapi.
a-ya'-ta-ku-nl-snl, v. a. (a and yatakuni^ni) to

destroy with the mouth on any thing.
a-ya'-tai), v. a. (a arec/ yataij) to praise for.
a-ya'-tai)-ir), v. a. (a and yataijii)) to make mani-
fest upon or for by speaking.
a-ya'-ta-pi, n. guessing, prophecy, divination.
a-ya'-te, n. a soothsayer, prophet, diviner.
a-ya'-ti-tar), v. a. (a and yatitaij) to pull with

the teeth on any thing.
a-ya'-tkai}, v. a. (a and yatkaq) to drink, as

water, on or after eating, etc., — amdatkai).
a-ya'-tkar)-yai), adv. drinking on or after.
a-ya'-tpai), v. a. Same as ayakpaq.
a-ya'-vraii-ka, v. a. (a and yawai)ka) to throw

down with the mouth on any thing.
a-ya'-wa-ste, v. a. (a and yawaste) to bless upon,

— amdawaste.
a-ya'-vre-ga, v. a. (a and yawega) to fracture

by biting on.
a-ya'-za-mni, v. a. (a and yazamni) to open or

uncover with thf mouth or by speaking.

a-ya'-zar), v. n. (a and yazaq) to be sick on,—^

amayazai).
a-ya'-zo-ka, v. a. (a and yazoka) to suck out on.
a-ya'-zui)-ta, v. a. (a and yazuijta) to connect

or weave together, as iii talking.
a'-ye, v. Same as aya.

a-ye'-ga, v. n. (a and yega) to glisten or shine on.
a-yeR'-ya, adv. in a glistening manner.
a-yu'-ba-ga, v. a. (a and yubaga) to (wist or

turn on.
a-yu'-be, v. Same as ayumai).
a-yu'-bu, v. a. (a and yubu) to make a drum-
ming noise on any thing.
a-yu'-car), v. a. (a and yucai)) to sift or shake

on or over, — amducai).
a-yu'-ear)-cai), v. a. (a and yucaridai)) to cause

to shake or tremble on.
a-3ru'-6e-ka, v. a. (a and yuceka) to make stag-
ger on any place.
a-yu'-ee-ya, v. a. (a and yuc'eya) to make cry on.
a-yu'-eo, adv. well, excellently : ayuco kaga.
a-yu'-eo-ya, adv. well.
a-yu'-eo-za, v. a. (a and yuc'oza) to make warm

on any place.
a-3ru'-e-ee-tu, v. a. (a and yuecetu) to fulfil or

accomplish on.
a-yu'-e-cl, v. a. (a and yueci) to turn wrong

side out on any thing.
a-yu'-ga, v. a. (a and j^uga) to husk on, as corn,

— amduga.
a-yn'-gaii, *'• «• (^ <^^^ yugai)) to open, as a door,

on any thing.
a-yu'-ga-pa, v. a. (a and yugapa) to strip or

pull off on, as the skin of an animal.
a-yu'-ga-ta, v. a. (a and yugata) to open out, a&

the hand, on any thing.
a-yu'-ge, v. a. (a and yuge) to dip out on.
a-yu'-ge-ge, v. a. (a and yugege) to take up by

handfuls on any thing.
a-yu'-go, V. a. (a and yugo) to make marks on.
a-yu'-gu-ka, v. a. (a and yuguka) to sprain m.
a-yu'-ha, V. a. (a and yuha) to have or possess

on ; to hold or lift on ; to have for, — amduha.
a-yu'-hba, v. a. (a and yuhba) to shell, as com,

on.
a-yu'-hbe-za, v. a. (a dnB' yuhbeza) to tnake

rough on.
a-yu'-hbu, v. a. (a and yuhbu) to make rattle on,

as in taking hold of shelled corn.
a-yu'-hda, v. a. (a and yuhda) to uncoil or un-
twist on.
a-yu'-hir)-ta, v. a. (a and yuhiijta) to sweep or

rake off on.
a-yu'-hmi-hma, v. a. (a and yuhmihma) to roll

on.

AYU

28

AYU

.-^'ft^'

a-yu'-hmur), v. a. (a and yuhmui)) to twist, as a

string, on any thing.
a-yu'-hna, v. a. (a and yuhna) to shake off on,

as fruit.
a-yu'-hna-yai), v. a. (a and yuhnayai)) to miss

in trying to catch hold of.
a-yu'-hnu-ni, v. a. (a and yuhnuni) to make

wander on any place.
a-yu'-ho-ho, v. a. (a and yuhoho) to shake on,

as any thing loose.
a-yu'-ho-nmi, v. a. (a and yuhomni) to turn

around o«, as in bringing a gun round and pointing

it at one, — amduhomni, amayuhomni.
a-yu'-hu-hu-za, v. a. (a and yuhuhuza) to shake

on or over, as a tree.
a-yu'-hda, v. a. (a and yuMa) to rinff or rattle

over.
a-yu'-hda-gai], v. a. (a anc? yuhdagag) to make

large upon ; to leave, forsake.
a-yu'-Rda-ta, v. a. (a and yuhdata) to scratch

on.
a-yu'-hda-ya, v. a. (a and yuhdaya) to peel off

on, as the skin of a potato.
a-3ru.'-fi.de-ca, v. a. (a and yuhdeca) to rend or

tear on one, as a garment, — amduhdeca.
a-yu'-fido-ka, v. a. (a and joihdoka) to make a

hole on ; to open on, — amduhdoka.
a-yu'-he-pa, v. a. (a and yuhepa) to absorb on.
a-yu'-he-ya-ta, v. a. (a and yuheyata) to push

back on, push on one side.
a-yu'-M-ea, v. a. (a and yuhica) to waken one

upon, — amduhica.
a-yu'-hmii), v. a. (a and yutmii)) to sling or

throw on one side, as a stone, on any thing.
a-yu'-liiiui)-yai], adv. crookedly.
a-3ru'-fiinur), v. a. (a and yuhmui)) to make buzz

on.
a-yu'-hpa, v. a. (a and yuhpa) to throw down

on, — amduhpa. '

a-yu'-hpu, v. a. (a and yuhpu) to make crumble

on. "^

a-jni'-Mu-ta, v. a. (a and yuhtuta) to mash or

break on, as one's skin ; to maie rough on.
a-yu'-hu, V. a. (a and yuhu) to ^eeZ off on, as

bark.
a-yu'-hu-ga, v. a. (a arj</ yuhuga) to JreaAr a

AoZe in, upon any thing.
a-3ni'-fiui)-ta, v. a. (a areo? yuhuijta) to make

soft on by rubbing.
a-yu'-ka-tii], v. a. (a an(^ yukatiij) to straighten

out on with the hand.
a-jTu'-ka-'wa, tt. a. (a anrf yukawa) to cause to

open on.
a-yu'-k6a, (a and yukca) to untie on, disentan-
gle OTlf

a-yTl'-klll-6a, v. a. (a and yuki;)ca) to scrape off on.
a-yu'-kpai), t^. o. (a and yukpai)) to grind or

ma^e _/?«e o«, — amdukpaij.
a-yu'-ksa, v. a. (a and yuksa) to ireajfc off on, as

limbs or sticks, with one's hand, — amduksa.
a-yu'-ksa, v. a. (a and yuk4a) to bend, fold, or

double up on.
a-yu'-ksi-za, v. a. (a and yuk^iia) to bend or

double up on ; to pull, as the trigger of a gun, on

one, — amduksiia.
a-yu'-ktar), v. a. (a and yuktai)) to 6emrf around

on.
a-3rii'-ku-ka, v. a. (a and yukuka) to maie ro<-

a-yu'-ke-ga, v. a. (a ared yu^ega) to scratch or

scrape on any thing.
a-yu'-ke-ZEi, v. a. (a a»rf yu^eza) to make hard

and smooth on.
a-yu'-ko-ga, v. a. (a and yukoga) to scratch up,

make rough.
a-3rii'-ko-za, v. a. (a and yu^oza) to make hard

and smooth on.
a-yu'-mar], v. a. (a and yumai)) to grind or /Ze

q^ ore ; to sharpen by grinding.
a-3rii'-inda-ska, v. a. (a awrf yimidaska) to maie

_/?a< ore.
a-3ru'-mda-ya, v. a. (a an<i yumdaya) to spread

out on, unroll on.
a-yu'-mda-za, v. a. (a and yumdaza) to iwrs*

open on, make an incision on.
a-yu'-mde-ca, v. a. (a and yumdeca) to break

or crush on, — amdumdeca.
a-yu'-mdu, v. a. (a and yumdu) to plough on,

make mellow on, — amdumdu.
a-yu'-na-zii), v. a. (a and yunaiiij) to cause to

stand on.
a-yu'-par)-ga, v. a. (a and yupaoga) to tie up

loosely on.
a-yu'-pe-har), v. a. (a ani yupehai)) to fold up mi.
a-3ru'-pe-mnl, v. a. (a and yupemni) to tunst or

terre to one side ore.
a-yu'-po-ta, «;. a. (a an<:? yupota) to wear out on ;

to tear to pieces or destroy on, — amdupota.
a^yu'-psa-ka, v. a. (a and yupsaka) to break or

pull in two on any thing, as a string.
a-3ni'-psoi7, v. a. (a and yupsoi)) to ^wr om< or

spill on, as water.
a-3ru'-psufl, t». a. (a awrf yup^ui)) to ^mZZ om< 6y

the roots or extract, as teeth, ore any thing.
a-yu'-pta, v. a. (a a»d yupta) to cm< o^ om or

pare, as a garment, — amdupta.
a-jru'-pta, v. a. to answer, speak in return or

opposition ; to give or grant a thing when asked,

— amdupta, adupta, urjkayuptapi ; aciyupta, I

answer thee ; amayjidupta, th9v answerest me.

AYU

29

AZI

a-yu'-ptar)-ptai), v. a. (a and yuptaijptafl) to

turn or roll hack and forth on.
a-jru'-ptarj-yap, v. a. (a and yuptaijyai)) to

turn or roll over on, — amduptaigyar).
a-yu'-ptu-za, v. a. (a and yuptuia) to crack or

split on any thing.
a-jTu'-sba, v. a. (a and yusba) to ravel out or

pick in pieces on.
a-yu'-slJU, V. a. (a and yusbu) to make a rustling

or rattling noise on or over.
a-jni'-sde-ca, v. a. (a and yusdeca) to split on.
a-yu'-sdo-hai), v. a. (a and yusdohaij) to drag

or draw along on, — amdusdohar).
a-yu'-sdu-ta, v. a. (a and yusduta) to pull out

on.
a-yu'-ske-pa, v. a. (a and yuskepa) to make eva-
porate on or from.
a-yu'-skl-ea, v. a. (a and yuskida) to press down

tight on.
a-jru'-skl-ta, v. a. (a and yusHta) to bind or

bandage on.
a-3ru'-sku, v. a. (a and yusku) to peel or pare

of on.
a-yu'-sma-ka, v. a. (a and yusmaka) to indent

on.
a-yu'-sna, v. a. (a and yusna) to ring on or over.
a-yu'-so-ta, v. a. (a and yusota) to use up or ex-

pend on.
a-yu'-sto, v. a. (a and yusto) to smooth downon,

make smooth, as hair, on the head.
a-yu'-su-ta, v. a. (a and yusuta) to make firm

upon.
a-yu'-sa-pa, v. a. (a and yusapa) to blacken or

defile on any thing.
a-jru'-sda, v. a. (a and yuMa) to shave off on ; to

cut, as grass, to cover one with, — amduMa ; ami-

hdusda, / cut on or for myself.
a-yu'-sdo-ka, v. a. (a and yu^doka) to pull out

on.
a-yu'-sdu-ta, v. a. (a and yusduta) to draw or

slip out on any thing.
a-yu'-si-da, v. a. (a and yu^ica) to spoil or make

bad on, — amduiica.
a-yii'-ski-c£i, v. a. (a and yuskic'a) to press out

on.
a-yu'-sko-pa, v. a. (a and yu^kopa) to make

twist or warp on any thing.
a-yu'-sna, v. a. (a and yusna) to drop or let fall

on.
a-jru'-spa, v. a. (a and yuspa) to break off a

piece on.
a-3ru'-spi, V. a. (a and yu^pi) to pick, as fruit, on

a place.
a-yu'-spu, V. a. (a and yu^pu) to pick or pull

off on.

a-yu'-spu-ya, v. a. (a and yuiSpuya) to scratch

on, when an itchy sensation is felt.
a-yu'-star), v. a. (a and yu^tari) to stop or cease
from, leave off what one is doing ; to let go or let

alone, — amdustai), adustaij, ui)kayusta:)pi ; ama-

yadustaij, thou hast left me.
a-yu'-ta-ku-ni-sni, v. a. (a and yutakuni^ni) to

destroy or bring to naught on.
a-yu'-tar)-ir], v. a. (a and yutaijii)) to make ma-
nifest upon.
a-yu'-te-ea, v. a. (a awl yuteca) to renew upon.
a-yu'-te-pa, v. a. (a and yutepa) to wear off on.
a-yu'-ti-ea, v. a. (a and yutica) to scrape or paw

on.
a-yu'-ti-pa, v. a. (a and yutipa) to make cramp

or draw up on.
a-yu'-ti-tai), v. a. (a cmd yutitai)) to pull on.
a-yu'-tpai), v. a. Same as ayukpai).
a-yu'-"wai)-ka, v. a. (a arid yuwarika) to make

fall or lie down on.
a-3ru'-'wa-ste, v. a. (a and yuwaste) to make

good on or for.
a-yu'-Ave-ga, v. a. (a and yuwega) to break down

on or fracture..
a-yu'-"wi, v. a. (^a, and yuwi) to wrap on.
a-yu'-'wir)-za, v. a. (a and yuwigia) to bend

down on.
a-yu'-za-mnl, v. a. (a and yuzamni) to open on,

set open on, as a door ; to unroll on.
a-yu'-ze, v. a. (a and yuze) to dip or skim out on.
a-yu'-zi-ea, v. a. (a and yuzic'a) to draw or

stretch on.
a-yu'-zur)-ta, v. a. (a (md yuzui)ta) to connect or

link together on.
a-jru'-za-za, v. a. (a and yuiaza) to wash on.
a-yu'-zi-pa, v. a. (a and yuiipa) to pinch upon.
a-yu'-zui), V. a. (a and yuzu^) to pull out by the

roots on any thing.
a-yu'-zu-zu, v. a. (a and yuiuiu) . to destroy or

take to pieces on.
a-ze', n. the breasts of a female ; the udder of a

cow, etc.
a-ze'-pir)-kpa, n. (aze pa and ii)kpa) the nipple

of the breast ; the teat or dug of a cow, etc.
a-ze'-pii)-tpa, n. Same as azepii)kpa.
a'-zi, V. n. to get aground or stick fast, as a boat.
a-zin'-ki-ya, v. a. to bum incense, make a good

smell by burning, as cedar-leaves when one is sick,

and in their religious ceremonies, — azinwakiya.
a-zin'-tor), v. a. to make a pleasant smell by

burning leaves, — azinwatoi).
a-zii)', V. a. to suck, as a child its mother orithe

young of mammals, — awazii) : azii) ehpeya, to

leave off sucking ; azii) ayuitaqkiya, to cause, toi

leave off sucking, to wean.

AZI

30

BAH

a-zir)'-ki-ya, v. a. to give suck to oj; nurse, as a

mother her child, — azi^wakiya* li ;• ■; 2fiyi
a-zii)'-ki-ye, M. a wet-nurse. ' '' .' -i

a'-zi-ya, v. a. (azi and ya) to cause to get

aground, to run aground^ as a boat, — 4ziwaya.
a-zi'-ya, v. a. (a and ziya) to waAre yellow on any

thing. See aziyahar).
a-zi'-ya-har), jiari. becoming yellow on.
a'-zl-zi, V. red. of azi : 4zizi ui)yai)pi, we often get

aground as we go.
a-zu'-ya, v. a. (a and zuya) to make war on any

one, go to war against a people, — azuwaya ; azu-

wicui)yai)pi, we make war on them.
a-zi'-zi, V. to whisper about a person or thing, —

awaiiii, ayaiizi.
a-zo', V. See azoio.
a-zo'-ki-ya or a-zog-ki-ya, v. to move the

ears, as a horse.
a-zo'-zo, V. to whistle about ; to call by whistling,

as a dog, — awazozo.
a-zo'-zo-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to whistle for, —

azozowakiya ; nakpa aioiokiya, to prick up the

ears, as a horse.
a-zu', V. a. to lay up, as rice for drying ; to pile

up, — awaiu, uijkaiupi.
a-zu'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to lay up for drying.

B.

b, the second letter of the Dakota alphabet. It has

the same sound as in English.
ba, a prefix to a class of verbs, signifying that the

action is done by a sawing motion, as in cutting

with a knife or saw. The place of the pronoun

is immediately after the prefix.
ba, V. a. to blame, — 'Waba, yaba, uqbapi ; maba,

niba ; ciba, / blams thee ; wic'awaba, / blam£

them ; i^iba, he blames himself, — mi(Jiba.
ba-ei'-ka-dar), v. a. (ba and ci^cadai)) to shave

small, — bawacH:adai) .
ba-ci'-stir)-na, v. a. (ba and cistiijna) to make

small by cutting, — bawacistirina.
ba-gam', cont. of bagapa; bagam iyeya, to takeoff,

as the hide of an animal, — bagam iyewaya.
ba-gan', cont. of bagata ; bagan iyeya.
ba-gan'-ga-ta, v. red. of bagata ; to make marks,

such as cuts or saws, in any thing; to haggle,

— ba wagan gata.
ba-ga'-pa, v. a. (ba and gapa) to take off, as the

skin of an animal, ivith a knife, to flay, — bawagapa.
ba-ga'-ta, v. a. (ba and gata) to mark or cut

with a knife, to carve, haek, — bawagata.
ba-go', V. a. to make marks or gashes in the flesh ;

to mark, carve, or engrave, with a knife, in wood,

< — bawago, bayago, bauqgopi.

ba-ha', arf;'. aged. 'l-^-^rSfifef --*!--»

ba-ha', n. a middle-aged or oldish man. Some-
times, but not often, applied to a woman. '-

ba-h.a'-i-ye-ya,- v. a. to 'throw down or push
aside. See pabaiyeya. i-

ba-ha'-ka, n. an aged person,

ba-hba', v. a.' to cut off, as com from the cob, —
bawahba : wababba ohai), to boil com that is cut

off
ba-hbe'-za, v. a. (ba and hbeza) to carve, rhake

rough ivith a knife, — bawahbeza.
ba-hda', v. a. to take off, as tallow from entrails,

with a knife, — bawahda.
ba-hda'-hd£i, v. red. of bahda.
ba-hda'-ka, v. a. (ba and hdaka) to cut like the

teeth of a coarse comb, — bawahdaka.
ba-hna', v. a. (ba and hna) to cut off, as fruit

from a tree, to make fall off by cutting, — bawahna.
ba-hna'-skir)-yar), v. a. (ba and hnaskiijyai)) to

make crazy or frantic by cutting or stabbing.
ba-hna'-yar), v. a. (ba and hnayaij) to miss in

attempting to strike with a knife, — ^bawahnayai).
ba-hor)', v. a. to cut across, in one's flesh, or in

meat of any kind ; to gash or cut the flesh, as

the Dakotas are accustomed to do for the dead, —

bawahoi), bayahoij, bauijhoripi ; bai^ihoi), to cut

or gash oneself, — bami(Jihoi).
ba-hor) '-hor), v. a. red. of bahoij ; to cut many

gashes, — bawahoijhoi) .
ba-hur)', v. a. Same as bahoij.
ba-hu'-te, v. a. (ba and hute) to cut off by the

roots ; to wear to a stump, as an old knife, — ba-

wahute.
ba-hu'-te-dai), v. a. dim. of bahute ; to wear out,

as a knife, — bawahutedai).
ba-hu'-te-dar), jxi-rt. worn out, as an old knife.
ba-har)'-hi, v. See babaijhiya.
ba-liaij'-hi-ya, adv. slowly cutting : baliai)hiya

se ecoi) wo, bayahdece kta, cut slowly, or you will

tear it.
ba-lici', V. a. (ba and hci) to cut or break out

notches by cutting, — bawahci.
ba-hei'-liei, v. red. of babc'i ; to break otii notches

in a knife by cutting, — bawaicihci.
ba-Rda', v. a. (ba and Ida) to make rattle with a

knife, — bawabda.
ba-hda'-gai), (ba and hdagai)) to enlarge, as a

hole, by cutting around, — bawahdagarj.
ba-hda'-Bida, v. a. (ba and hdahda) to make rattle

by cutting, — bawahdabda.
ba-hda'-ya, v. a. to pare off ; ha bafidaya, to

peel, i. q. basku, — bawabdaya.
ba-lida'-ye-dar), v. dim. of babdaya.
ba-hde'-ea, v. a. to cut or break in pieces with a

knife ; to tear or rend in cutting, — bawafidec'a.

BAH

31

BAK

ba-lide'-hde-ea, v. red. of bahdeca.
ba-hden', cont. of baideca : bahden iyeya.
ba-hdog', cont. of bahdoka : b^Bidog iyeya.
ba-hdo'-ka, v. a. (ba and Udoka) to cut a hole in

any thing with a knife, — bawaMoka.
ba-Bido'-Mo-ka, v. red. of bahdoka.
ba-tpa', V. a. to cut off any thing and let it fall,

— bawahpa.
ba-hpu', V. a. to cut off in small pieces, —

bawahpu.
ba-hpu'-hpu, V. red. of bahpu.
ba-Biu', V. a. to cut the hull or rind off, to peel,

as an orange, with a knife, — bawahu, bayahu.
ba-hu'-&u, V. red. of bahu.
ba-i'-ei-hor), v. reflex, of bahoi) ; to cut or ffosh

oneself, — bami(Jihoi) .
ba-ka', v. a. to cut or strip, as the feather from a

quill ; to cut off, as the ribs of an animal, —

bawaka.
ba-ka'-hai), part, split, as the feather end of a

quill.
ba-ka'-tir), v. a. (ba and katii)) to straighten

with a knife, cut straight ; to cut strings from, —

bawakatii).
ba-kea', v. a. to cut straight ; to remove tangles

with a knife, — bawakca.
ba-kes', cont. of bakeza.
ba-kes'-ke-za, v. red. of bakeza.
ba-kes'-ya, part, scraping, striking and grating,

as a knife that strikes the bone.
ba-ke'-za, v. to strike a bone, cut or grate on a

bone, as in cutting meat, — bawakeza.
ba-ki'-ci-go, v. of bago; to cut or carve for one,

— bawecigo, bauqkicigopi, bamicigo, bacic'igo.
ba-ki'-ei-hoi), v. of bahoij ; to cut or gash for

one, — bawecihoi) .
ba-ki'-ei-hoq-hor), v. red. of bakicihoij.
ba-ki'-ei-Ru, v. of bahu ; to cut the rind or hull

off for another, — bawecihu.
ba-ki'-ei-kpar), v. of bakpai) ; to cut up fine, as

tobacco,/or one, — bawecikpai).
ba-ki'-ei-ksa, v. of baksa; to cut off for one, —

baweciksa, bayediksa, bauqkiciksapi, bamidiksa,

baniciksa, baciciksa.
ba-ki'-ei-ksa-ksa, v. red. of bakiciksa.
ba-ki'-ei-mda-za, v. of bamdaza ; to cut open

or cut lengthwise for one, — bawecimdaza.
ba-ki'-ci-pta, v. of bapta; to cut off or trim for

one, — bawccipta.
ba-ki'-ei-sde-ca, v. a. of basdeca ; to split with a

knife or rip with a saw for one, — bawecisdeca.
ba-ki'-ei-sku, v. of basku ; to peel or pare for

one, — bawecisku.
ba-ki'-ci-sda, v. of ba^da ; to cut or shave off

with a knife for one, — bawcdisda.

ba-ki'-ci-sdo-ka, v. of bahdoka ; to cut out, cut

a hole for one, — bawecisdoka.
ba-ki'-ei-spa, v. of ba^pa; to cut off a piece for

one, — bawecispa. (tECfi-'i

ba-ki'-ei-spu, v. of ba^pu : to cut off something

that was stuck on, for another, — bawecispu.
ba-ki'-go, V. pos. of bago ; to cut or carve one's

own, — bawakigo.
ba-ki'-hoi), v. pos. of bahoi) ; to cut or gash one^s

own, — bawakihoi) .
ba-ki'-hor)-hor), v. red. of baMhoij.
ba-ki'-ksa, v. pos. of baksa ; to cut off one's own

with a knife or saw, — bawakiksa and baweksa.
ba-kl'-ksa-ksa, v. red. of bakiksa.
ba-ki'-mde-ca, v. pos. of bamdeca ; to break

one's own, by attempting to cut, with a knife, —

bawakimdeca.
ba-kir)s', cont. of bakiqza : bakiqs iyeya.
ba-kir)s'-kiQ-za, v. red. of bakii)za.
ba-kir)'-za, v. a. (ba and kigza) to make a scrap-
ing, squeaking noise, with a knife or saw, — bawa-

kigza.
ba-ki'-pta, v^ pos. of bapta ; to pare, cut off, or

trim one's own, — bawakipta.
ba-ki'-pu-ski-ca, v. (ba and kipuskic'a) to clap

together and make fit or adhere by shaving, —

bawakipuskica.
ba-ki'-pu-skin, cont. of bakipuskic'a : bakipuskin

iyeya.
ba-ki'-sde-ca, v. pos. of basdeca ; to split or rip,

as a board or stick, with a knife or saw, — bawa-

kisdeca.
ba-ki'-sde-sde-ea, v. red. of bakisdeca.
ba-ki'-sku, v. pos. of basku ; to pare one^s own,

as an apple or potato, — bawakisku.
ba-ki'-sda, v. pos. of basda ; to cut off and make

bare, as in cutting one's own grass, with a knife,

— bawakisda.
ba-ki'-sda-sda, v. red. of bakisda.
ba-ki'-ski-ta, v. pos. of baskita ; to cut across on

one's own, — bawakiskita.
ba-ki'-spa, v. jms. of baspa ; to cut off a piece

from one's own, — bawakispa.
ba-ki'-spa-spa, v. red. of bakispa.
ba-ki'-spu, v. pos. of baspu ; to cut up one's own

in pieces, — bawakispu.
ba-ki'-spu-spu, v. red. of bakispu.
ba-kor)'-ta, v. a. (ba and koijta) to dig out with

a knife, to hollow or groove, — bawakoijta.
ba-kor)'-tkor)-ta, v. red. of bakoijta ; to make in

grooves or ridges, — bawakoi)tkoi)ta : caq bako^-

tkoijta, a wash-board.
ba-kpa', v. a. to cut off round the edge ; to cut

out or cut into, — bawakpa : i^ta bakpa, to cut out

t/ie exjc, make blind.

BAK

32

BAS

ba-kpar)', v. a. (ba and kpa^) to cut up fine

with a knife, as tobacco, — bawakpai), bayakpai),

baui)kpai)pi.
ba-kpaQ'-kpai), v. red. of bakpaij.
ba-kpi', V. a. to cut open, as a nut, with a knife ;

to crack with a knife, as a louse, — bawakpi.
ba-kpi'-kpi, v. red. of bakpi.
ba-ksa', v. a. (ba and ksa) to cut off, as a stick,

with a knife or saw ; to separate any tiling hy

cutting crosswise, — bawaksa, bayaksa, baui)ksapi.
ba-ksa'-ksa, v. red. of baksa ; to cut off in seve-
ral places, cut in pieces, loith a knife or saw, —

bawaksaksa.
ba-ksis', cont. of baksiza : bak^i^ iyeya.
ba-ksi'-za, v. a. (ba and ksiia) to shut up, as a

knife-blade, when in the act of cutting, — bawa-

ksiia.
ba-ktar)', v. a. (ba and ktaq) to make crooked by

shaving, — bawaktai] .
ba-ktar) '-ktai), v. red. of baktai).
ba-kur)'-ta, v. a. Same as bakoijta.
ba-kes'-ya, part, cutting off: ba^cesya aya, to

strip off clean, as meat from bones, — bat:esya

amda.
ba-ke'-za, v. (ba and ^eza) to smooth over by

shaving, — bawa^eza.
ba-mda', v. a. to cut in slices, as bread, — bawa-

mda, bayamda, bauijmdapi.
ba-mda'-mda, v. red. of bamda.
ba-mda'-mda-za, v. red. of bamdaza.
ba-mdas', cont. of bamdaza ; bamdas iyeya, to rip

open, — bamdas iyewaya.
ba-mda'-ska, v. a. (ba and mdaska) to make

dull or fiat on the edge, as a knife, by shaving, —

bawamdaska.
ba-mdas '-mda-za, v. red. of bamdaza.
ba-mda'-ya, v. a. (ba and mdaya) to make fiat

with a knife, to shave off lumps, etc., — bawa-

mdaya.
ba-mda'-za, v. a. (ba and mdaza) to rip open,

cut open lengthwise, as in butchering an animal,

— bawamdaza.
ba-mde'-ea, v. a. to break, as brittle ware, with a

knife, — bawamdeca.
ba-mde'-mde-ca, v. red. of bamdeca.
ba-mden', cont. of bamdeca : bamden iyeya.
ba-mna', v. a. to rip, as a seam, with a knife, —

bawamna, bauijmnapi.
ba-mna'-mna, v. red. of bamna.
ba-nl', V. a. to shake in cutting ; to cut off, as

the fastenings of a skin stretched up ; to rip, —

bawani.
ba-ni'-ni, v. red. of bani.
ba-o'-po, V. a. to push in with a knife, make a

hole in, — bawaopo.

ba-o'-ze-ze, v. a. to cut nearly off with a knife

and let swing, — bawaozeze.
ba-o'-ze-ze-ya, v. a. to cause to cut in strips or

dangles, — baozezewaya.
ba-pa'-ko, v. a. (ba and pako) to cut or saw

crooked, — bawapako.
ba-pe', V. a. (ba and pe) to sharpen with a knife,

— bawape.
ba-pe '-mni, v. a. (ba and pemni) to make

crooked or twisted by shaving, — bawapemni.
ba-pe'-mni-yai), part, shaved twisting.
ba-pe'-sto, v. a. (ba and pesto) to shave to a

point, — bawapesto.
ba-pon', cont. of bapota ; bapon iyeya, to rip up

or destroy with a knife.
ba-po'-ta, V. a. to destroy by cutting ; to cut to

pieces, as in cutting up a tent, — ^bawapota, baufl-

potapi.
ba-po'-tpo-ta, v. red. of bapota.
ba-psag', cont. of bapsaka ; bapsag iyeya, to cut

off suddenly with a knife, as a string.
ba-psa'-ka, v. a. to cut off', as a string or cord,

with a knife, — bawapsaka, bauijpsakapi.
ba-psa'-psa-ka, v. red. of bapsaka.
ba-psur)', v. a. (ba and p^ui)) to cut round a

joint, to joint with a knife, — bawapsuij.
ba-psui)'-psui), V. red. of bap^ui).
ba-pta', V. a. to cut off a piece, trim off the edge

of any thing ; to cut out, as a garment ; to cut

through, — bawapta, baui)ptapi : baptapi se, as it

were cut off or trimmed ; bapta iyeya, to trim off

with a stroke.
ba-pta'-pta, v. red. of bapta.
ba-pte'-ee-dar(, v. a. (ba and ptededaij) to cut

short, cut too short, — bawaptecedaq.
ba-ptem', n. baptism. This form was intro-
duced from the French.
ba-ptem'-ku, v. a. to give baptism, baptize, —

baptem wa^u : baptem ci^u, / baptize you.
ba-pti'-ZO, V. to baptize, introduced from the

Greek. According to analogy, the prononn

should be inserted after the ba ; but the Messrs.

Pond in using it have prefixed the pronouns.
ba-ptu'-ptu-za, v. red. of baptnia.
ba-ptus', cont. of baptuza ; baptus iyeya, to cause

to crack suddenly with a knife, — baptus iyewaya.
ba-ptu'-za, v. a. to crack or partly split with a

knife, — bawaptuza.
ba-sde'-ea, v. a. to saw, to slit or rip up, by saw-
ing,— bawasdeca, bauijsdecapi.
ba-sden', cont. of basdeca ; basden iyeya, to split

with a knife or saw.
ba-sde'-sde-ea, v. red. of basdeca ; to saw vp, as

a log, into boards, — bawasdcsdeca, bauijsdesde-

capi.

BAS

33

BAZ

ba-sde'-sden, cont of basdesdeca.
ba-sdi', V. a. to press out with a knife or bi/ cut-
ting,— bawasdi.
ba-sdi '-sdi, v. red. of basdi.
ba-sdi'-tka, v. a. to cut to a point, make taper,

— bawasditka.
ba-ski'-ca, v. a. to press out with a knife, — ba-

waskic'a.
ba-skin', cont. of baskica and baskita.
ba-ski'-ta, v. a. to press upon with a knife, —

bawaskita.
ba-sku', V. a. to pare or shave off, as the skin of

a potato or apple, and as flesh from a hide, — ba-

wasku, bauqskupi.
ba-sku'-sku, v. red. of basku.
ba-sma'-ka, v. a. (ba and smaka) to indent or

make a hollow place by cutting with a knife, —

bawasmaka.
ba-smir)', v. a. to cut or shave off clean, as meat

from a bone, — bawasmii), bauqsmiqpi.
ba-smiij'-na, v. dim. of basmii).
ba-Sinii)'-Sliiii), v. red. of basmii) ; to pare the

meat off clean and smooth from the bones, — ba-
wasmii) smii).
ba-smir) '-yai), part, cutting off smoothly.
ba-sda', v. a. (ba and sda) to make hare by cut-
ting with a knife ; to shave or scrape off, as the

hair from a hide, — bawasda, bauij^dapi.
ba-sda'-sda, v. red. of basda.
ba-sdog', cont. of basdoka ; basdog iyeya.
ba-sdo'-ka, v. a. (ba and sdoka) to cut a hole in,

cut out, as an eye, etc., — bawaidoka.
ba-sdo'-sdo-ka, v. red. of baidoka.
ba-si'-ca, v. a. (ba and sica) to spoil by cutting,

— bawasica.
ba-si'-ea-ho-^wa-ya, v. a. (ba and iic'ahowaya) to

cause to cry out by cutting, — bawasicahowaya.
ba-si'-Mir), v. a. (ba and sihtiq) to enfeeble by

cutting, — bawasihtii).
ba-si'-ksi-ea, v. red. of basic'a.
ba-sim', cont. of basipa ; basim iyeya.
ba-sim'-si-pa, v. red. of basipa.
ba-si'-pa, v. a. to cut off, as a branch from a tree,

to prune ; to cut off, as a pin, with a knife, — ba-

wa^ipa.
ba-ski'-ca, v. a. to squeeze by cutting ; to press

out, as water from a cloth, with a knife ; to scrape

out, — bawa^kica.
ba-skin', cont. of baskica and baikita ; baskin

iyeya.
ba-ski'-ski-6a, v. red. of ba^kida.
ba-ski'-ski-ta, v. red. of baskita ; to cut much,

gash, — bawa^ki^kita.
ba-ski'-ta, v. a. to cut across, gash ; i. q. bahoi),

— bawadkita.

5

ba-sku', V. a. to cut off, as corn from the cob, —

bawasku, bauij^kupi : wabasku ohe, to boil com

that is cut off.
ba-sku'-sku, v. red. of basku.
ba-spa', V. a. (ba and spa) to cut off a piece, cut

up, — bawaspa, bauqspapi : baspa iyeya.
ba-spa'-spa, v. red. of baspa ; to cut into many

pieces, as meat, — ^bawaspaspa.
ba-spi', V. a. to cut off, as fruit from a tree, —

bawa^pi.
ba-spi'-spi, v. red. of ba^pi.
ba-spu', V. a. to cut up, cut into pieces ; to rip,

as a seam, to rip up, cut, as in ripping, — bawaspu.
ba-spu'-spu, V. red. of ba^pu ; to cut up into

pieces, — bawaspuspu.
ba-ta'-ku-ni-sni, v. a. (ba and takunisni) to cut

to pieces, destroy by cutting, — bawatakunisni.
ba-tai)'-ka, v. a. (ba and tai)ka) to cut large, —

bawataijka.
ba-tar)'-ka-ya, adv. cut large.
ba-tem', cont. of batepa ; batem iyeya.
ba-tem'-ya, adv. cut short.
ba-te'-pa, v. a. to shorten by cutting off at the end

with a knife, to cut short, — bawatepa.
ba-tkor)'-ta, v. See bakoijta, which is the proper

form.
ba-tpa', V. a. Same as bakpa.
ba-tpar)', v. a. Same as bakpai).
ba-tpaq'-tpai), v. red. of batpai).
ba-tpi', V. Same as bakpi.
ba-tpu', v. a. to cut a very little off, cut fne, —

bawatpu.
ba-tpu'-tpu, V. red. of batpu ; to cut up fine, —

bawatputpu.
ba-tu'-ka, v. a. to cut off, as fur or hair ; to de-
stroy, as furs, by cutting, — bawatuka.
ba-tu'-ka-ka, v. red. of batuka.
ba-tu'-tka, v. a. (ba and tutka) to cut up into

crumbs, — bawatutka.
ba-ta', V. a. (ba and ta) to kill with a knife, —

bawata.
ba-vri'-ei-sni-yar), v. bawioi^niyai) iyeya, to run

the knife out of the right course in cutting.
ba-za'. See yubaza.
ba-zam', cont. of bazapa ; bazam iyeya.
ba-za'-pa, v. a. to skin, cut off; to cut, as meat

for drying, — bawazapa.
ba-za'-za, adv. in dangles ; i. q. kasbupi.
ba-zag'-za-ta, v. red. of bazata.
ba-zan', cont. of baiata.
ba-zan'-ya, v. a. to cause to cut forked, make

forked, — baianwaya.
ba-zan'-za-ta, v. red. of baiata.
ba-za'-ta, v. a. (ba and iata) to cut into a fork,

make forked, — bawaiata.

BAZ

34

BOH

ta-zu'-zu, V. a. (ba and ^uiu) to cut to pieces,

cut up, as an animal, — bawazuzu.
bdo-ke'-tu, n. summer. See mdoketu, which is

the more common pronunciation.
be, V. n. to hatch, as fowls. Same as mai).
bes, intj., signifying strong affirmation, and surprise

that -it should be doubted. John vi. 42.
be-sde'-ke, n. p. the Fox Indians.
be-yaij'-ke-ca, v. n. (be and yaijkeca) to remain

at home and keep house, as an old man does, —

bemai)keca, benaqkec'a.
bo, a prefi.x to verbs, signifying that the action is

done by shooting, punching, pounding with the

end of a stick, or by blowing. It is also used

when the action of rain is expressed. The pro-
noun's place is after the prefix.
bo-a'-kan-hi-yu-ya, v. a. to cause to rise to the

top, as scum or froth, bg shooting in, as in water,

— boakanhiyuwaya.
bo-a'-sda-ya, v. a. (bo and asdaya) to make bare,

lay open, or expose by shooting in : boasdaya

iyeya.
bo-car) '-6ai), v. a. (bo and cai)cai)) to make

tremble by shooting, — bowac'aijcai).
bo-ceg', cont. of boceka ; boceg iyeya.
bo-ceg'-ya, adv. staggeringly.
bo-de'-ka, v. a. to make stagger by shooting or

punching, — bowaceka.
bo-ee'-kce-ka, v. red. of boceka.
bo-co'-ka, V. a. (bo and coka) to empty by shoot-
ing in any thing, to make a great hole in, — bowa-

coka.
bo-co'-ka-ka, v. red. of bocoka.
bo-co'-za, V. a. (bo and coza) to make warm by

punching.
bo-eo', V. a. to churn, — bowa^o, bou)9(Jopi.
bo-eo'-co, V. red. of bo^o.
bo-ga', adv. spreading out, spraddling : boga se

naziripi.
bo-ga'-ga, V. n. to shoot out in different directions,

as rays of light or the branches of a tree.
bo-ga'-ga-ya, adv. spraddled, as a tree-top when

cut down ; shooting out from a centre.
bo-ga'-ya, adv. shooting out from a point.
bo-ha', V. boha iyeya, to shoot or punch over.
bo-ha'-ha-ye-dar), v. to make totter by shooting

or punching.
bo-hba', V. a. to shell off by shooting or punching,

— bowahba.
bo-hda', V. a. to uncoil or make roll out, as in

blowing entrails, — bowahda.
bo-hda'-kir)-yar), (bo and hdakiijyai)) bohda-

kiijyai) iyeya, to cause to glance, as a bullet.
bp-hin', cont. of bohigta ; bohia iyeya, to sweep

ail off, as men in a battle-field ; to. blow aimy.

bo-hii)'-ta, v.a. to sweep off by shooting, as men

in a battle-field ; to blow away, — bowahiqta.
bo-hna', v. a. to shoot off, as fruit from a tree, —

bowahna.
bo-hna'-skiri-yar), v. a. (bo and hna^kiijyai)) to

make crazy or furious, as an animal, by shooting

it, — bo wahna^ki^yai) .
bo-hna'-yar), (bo and hnayai)) to miss in shoot-
ing or striking with the end of a stick, — bowa-

hnayai).
bo-ho'-ho, V. a. to shake or loosen by shooting, —

bowahoho.
bo-ho'-ta, adj. short and thick, chubby ; i. q.

taku ptecedai) tai)ka : bohota se.
bo-ho'-tar)-ir), v. a. (bo and hota^i^) to make

cry out by punching, — bowahotagifl.
bo-ho'-tor), V. a. (bo and hotoi)) to make bawl by

shooting or punching, — bowahotoi).
bo-hu'-hus, cont. of bohuhuza ; bohuhus iyeya.
bo-hu'-hus-ya, part, shaken by shooting or

punching.
bo-hu'-hu-za, v. a. (bo and huhuza) to shake, as

a tree, by shooting it, — bowahuhuza.
bo-Ra', V. a. to strike and cut or scrape along, as

a flint on a pan that is too soft ; to miss fire, —

bowaha ; boha iyewaya.
bo-harj'-hi-ya, part, bohaijhiya iyeya, to let off

a gun when it hangs fire or " makes long fire"
bo-tei', V. a. to break out a piece by punching, as

from the edge of a chisel, — bowahci.
bo-lici'-fici, V. red. of bohci.
bo-Biei'-hei, n. a string of beads.
bo-fici'-Eiei-ya, adv. in dangles, dangling : bo-

hcihciya hiyeya.
bo-hci'-ya, adv. in dangles, dangling : hiyete

bohciya, an epaulette.
bo-hda', V. a. to make rattle by shooting, — bowa-
hda.
bo-Rda'-gai), v. a. (bo and hdagai)) to enlarge by

shooting, — bowahdagai) .
bo-hda'-hda, v. red. of bohda.
bo-hda'-ya, v. a. to peel off by shooting, as the

bark of a tree, — bowahdaya.
bo-hde'-ea, v. a. to break in, as one's skull, by

shooting or punching, — bowahdeca.
bo-hde'-hde-ea, v. red. of bohdeca.
bo-hden', cont. of bohdeca : bohden iyeya.
bo-hdog', cont. of bohdoka : bohdog iyeya.
bo-lido'-hdo-ka, v. red. of bohdoka.
bo-hdo'-ka, v. a. (bo and hdoka) to shoot or

punch a hole in, — bowahdoka. Mahpiya-bohdoka,

Hole-in-the-day, a celebrated Ojibwa chief.
bo-hmlr)', V. a. (bo and hmii)) to make a gun

crooked by shooting,— ho-waikmiri.
bo-hmiij'-yaOi part, crooked by shooting.

BOH

35

BOK

bo-hpa', V. a. to make fall hy shooting, to shoot
down, as birds on the wing, — bowahpa.

Ijo-hpa'-hpa, V. red. of bohpa.

bo-htag', V. a. cont. of bohtaka.

bo-hta'-ka, v. a. (bo and litaka) to pound, punch,
or knock with the end of any thing, — bowahtaka.

bo-liu', V. a. to peel off, as bark, by shooting.

bo-hu'-ga, V. a. to break in or break open by
shooting or punching, — bowahuga.

bo-Ruf , cont. of bohuga ; bohuh iyeya.

bo-hu'-hu-gai, V. red. of bohuga.

bo-i'-de, V. a. (bo and ide) to blow and make
blaze as a fire, — bowaide : boide iyewaya.

bo-i'-de-ya, v. a. to cause to make blaze by blow-
ing,— boidewaya.

bo-i'-pa-tku-ga, v. a. to make get into a line or
row by shooting amongst, — boipatkuB. iyewaya.

bo-i'-tkor), v. a. (bo and itkoi)) to kindle or
make burn by blowing, — bowaitkoi), boiuqtkoijpi.

bo-i'-tpi-ska, v. boitpiska ehpeya, to shoot or
punch and knock over on its back.

bo-i'-yo-'was, cont. of boiyowaza ; boiyowas iyeya,
to make an echo by shooting.

bo-i'-yo-vra-za, v. a. to make an echo by shoot-
ing,— bowaiyowaza.

bo-kai)', V. a. to punch or shoot off, — bowakaq.

bo-ka'-tir), v. a. (bo and katiq) to make stretch
or straighten out by punching, — bowakatii).

bo-ki'-ei-eo, v. of bo^o ; to churn for one,—
boweci(Jo, bouqkici^opi, bocici^o, bomici^o.

bo-ki'-ci-Mo-k£i, v. of bohdoka ; to shoot or
punch a hole for another.

bo-ki'-ei-hpa, v. of bohpa ; to shoot down some-
thing on the wing, or that is hanging up, for
another, — bowedihpa.

bo-M'-ei-kpar), v. of bokpai) ; to pound for one,
— bowecikpai).

bo-ki'-ei-ksa, v. of boksa ; to shoot or punch
off, as a limb or an arm, for one, — bowediksa,
boyeciksa, bouijkidiksapi.

bo-ki'-ci-ksa-ksa, v. red. of bokiciksa.

bo-kl'-ci-mde-ea, v. a. of bomdeca ; to break
for another by shooting or punching, — boweci-
mdeca.

bo-ki'-ei-pta, v. of bopta ; to dig or pry up for
one, as in digging a turnip, — bowecipta.

bo-ki'-ei-snl, v. of bosni ; to blow out, as a can-
dle,/or one ; to blow and cool for another, as hot
food, — bowecisni.

bo-ki'-ei-so-ta, v. of bosota; to kill all off for
one by shooting, as cattle, — bowedisota.

bo-kl'-ci-sdo-ka, v. of boMoka; to shoot off a
gun for one, — boweci^doka, bomidisdoka.

bo-ki'-6i-sna, v. of bo^na ; to miss in shooting
for one, — boweciina.

bo-ki'-ei-spa, v. of bospa ; to shoot off apiece for
one ; to shoot for one and relieve from danger, as
from a wild animal : wicasta wai) wahaqksica
bowecispa, / delivered a man from a hear by
shooting it, — bowedihpa.

bo-ki'-ei-'we-ga, v. of bowega ; to break, but not
entirely off, for one, hy shooting or punching, —
boweciwega.

bo-ki'-ksa, v. pos. of boksa ; to break in two one's
own hy shooting or punching, — bowakiksa.

bo-ki'-ksa-ksa, v. red. of bokiksa.

bo-ki'-ktar), v. pos. of boktai) ; to crook one's
own by shooting, as one's arrow, — bowakiktai).

bo-ki'-mde-ea, v. pos. of bomdeda; to break
one's own by pounding or shooting, — bowaki-
mdeca.

bo-ki'-mde-mde-ea, v. red. of bokimdeca.

bo-ki'-mden, cont. of bokimdeca ; bokimden iyeya.

bo-ki'-nu-kai), v. a. (bo and kinukai)) to sepa-
rate by shooting : bokinukaq iyeya.

bo-ki'-po-"wa-ya, v. pos. of bopowaya.

bo-ki'-pu-ski-ca, v. a. (bo and kipuskida) to
drive up close together, hy punching, shooting, or
raining on, — bowakipuskida.

bo-ki'-pu-skin, cont. of bokipuskica : bokipuskin
iyeya.

bo'-ki-sa-pa, v. (bo and kisapa) to shoot into
snow, and make the bare ground appear ; to rain
an, as on snow, and make the ground bare.

bo-ki'-sda, v. pos. of bosda ; to injure or lay hare
hy shooting, — bowakiMa.

bo-ki'-sda-ya, v. a. to make hare or expose hy
shooting, — bowakiMaya.

bo-ki'-sde-ea, v. pos. of boMeda ; to split off a
piece from one's own hy shooting or punching, —
bowakisdeda.

bo-ki'-sdo-ka, v. pos. of bohdoka ; to shoot or
punch a hole in one's own, shoot off one's own gun ;
to blow out and make clear, as a tube, — bowaki-
^doka.

bo-ki'-sna, v. pos. of bosna ; to miss in attempt-
ing to shoot one's own, — bowakiina.

bo-ki'-spa, v. pos. of bospa ; to shoot off a piece
from one's own, — bowaki^pa.

bo-ko'-ka, v. a. to make rattle by shooting or
punching, — bowakoka.

bo-ko'-ke-dar), v. a. (bo and kokedai)) to make
active or restless by shooting or punching, — bowa-
kokedai).

bo-kpa', V. a. (bo and kpa) to shoot out, punch
out, — bowakpa : i^ta bokpa, to make blind ; bo-
kpa iyeya.

bo-kpat)', V. pos. of bopai) ; to pound on^s own,
pound fine, as in a mortar, with a pestle ; to shoot
to pieces, — bowakpai), boyakapai), boui)kpaflpi.

BOK

36

BOP

bo-kpar)'-kpar), v. red. of bokpaij.
bo-kpi', V. a. to crack by punching, — bowakpi.
bo-ksa', V. a. (bo and ksa) to break off by punch-
ing or shooting, as a stick, limb, etc., — bowaksa.
bo-ksa'-ksa, v. red. of boksa ; to break off in

many places by shooting, — bowaksaksa.
bo-kse'-ca, v. a. to shoot and make keel over, —

bowaksec'a.
bo-ksen', cont. of bokseca ; boksen iyeya.
bo-ktai)', V. a. (bo and ktai)) to bend or make

bend by punching, — bowaktai).
bo-kte', V. a. (bo and kte) to kill by punching, —

bowakte.
bo-ku'-ka, v. a. (bo and kuka) to shoot or punch

all to pieces.
bo-ke'-ga, v. a. to snap, as a gun ; to miss fire,

as in firing off a gun ; to scrape, as a gun missing

fire, — bowaljega.
bo-keh', cont. of bokega : bo^el hiijhda, to go off

after a long time ; bo^^eh. iyaya, to hang fire, as

a gun.
bo-keK.'-ya, part, missing fire, as a gun.
bo-mda', v. a. to shoot or punch off a piece, —

bowamda.
bo-mdas', cont. of bomdaza ; bomdas iyeya.
bo-mda'-ska, v. a. (bo and mdaska) to flatten by

punching ; to flatten by shooting, as in shooting

a bullet against a stone, — bowamdaska : bomda-

ska iyeya.
bo-mda'-ya, v. a. (bo and mdaya) to spread out

by blowing or punching, — bowamdaya.
bo-mda'-za, v. a. to tear open by shooting, as tlie

bowels of an animal, — bowamdaza.
bo-mde'-ea, v. a. to break in pieces by striking

with a pestle, or by shooting, — bowamdeca.
bo-mde'-mde-ea, v. red. of bomdeca.
bo-mden', cont. of bomdeca ; bomden iyeya.
bo-mdu', V. a. -(bo and mdu) to pound up flne,

crush, — bowamdu,
bo-mdu', V. n. to blow in fine particles, drift, as

snow, to blow about, as dust; to boil up, as

water in a spring : bomdu biyu ; bomdujyeya ;

wa bomdu, the snow is blown about.
bo-mdu'-mdu, v. red. of bomdu.
bo-mdu'-ya, part, blowing up, as the wind blows

dust or snow.
bo-mni'-ga, v. a. to full up, as cloth, by pound-
ing, to cause to full up, — bowamniga.
bo-mnih', cont. of bomniga ; bomnih iyeya.
bo-na'-sur)-sur), v. to make struggle by shooting :

bonasuqsui) iyeya.
bo-ni', V. a. (bo and ni) to resuscitate by blowing,

— bowani ; boni iyewaya.
bo-ni'-nl, v. a. to wake up by punching, — bowa-

nini.

bo-ni'-ya, v. a. (bo and niya) to resuscitate by
blowing, — bowaniya.

bo-o'-har)-ko, v. a. (bo and oiaijko) to make
lively by punching or shooting, — bowaohai)ko.

bo-o'-hpa, V. a. to break in, as the skull, by shoot-
ing or punching, — bowaohpa.

bo-o'-ksa, V. n. to break off in, as the bank of «
river : booksa iyewaya.

bo-o'-ktai), V. a. to bend into by punching, — bo-
waoktaq.

bo-o'-ktar)-yai), v. n. to become crooked, as an
arrow, by being shot into any thing : booktai)yai)
iyeya.

bo-o'-ze-ze, v. a. to shoot almost off and let
swing, — bowaozeze.

bo-o'-ze-ze-ya, adv. shot almost off and swing-
ing ; boozezeya ehpeya, to make swing by shoot-
ing.

bo-pa', V. a. to pound, as hommony in a mortar,
with a pestle, — bowapa, boyapa, bouripapi.

bo-pa'-ko, V. a. (bo and pako) to knock crooked,
by shooting or punching, — bowapako.

bo-pai)', V. a. to pound fine, as com in a mortar,
— bowapai), bouijpaijpL

bo-par)'-par), v. red. of bopai).

bo-pai)'-par)-na, v. a. (bo and paijpaijna) to
pound soft with the end of a stick, — bowapai)-
paijna.

bo-pe'-mnl, v. a. (bo and pemni) to turn aside
or twist by blowing or shooting.

bo-pe'-mni-yar), part, twisting or turning aside
by blowing or shooting.

bo-pe'-sto, V. (bo and pesto) ito sharpen by punch-
ing.

bo-po'-ta, V. a. (bo and pota) to shoot or punch
to pieces, destroy by shooting, — ^bowapota.

bo-po'-tpo-ta, V. red. of bopota.

bo-po'-wa-ya, v. a. (bo and powaya) to make
soft by blowing up, as nap or fur, .also by strik-
ing with the finger, — bowapowaya.

bo-psag', cont. of bopsaka ; bopsag iyey^a.

bo-psa'-ka, v. a. (bo and psaka) to break off, as
a cord, by shooting or punching, — bowapsaka,
bouijpsakapi.

bo-psa'-psa-ka, v. red. of bopsaka.

bo-pta', V. a. to punch or dig with the end of any
thing : tipsirjna bopta, to dig turnips, — bow^apta,
boyapta, bouijptapi.

bo-ptai)'-yar), v. a. (bo and ptaijyajj) to unake
glance off, in shooting, — bowaptai)yafl.

bo-pta'-pta, V. red. of bopta.

bo-ptu'-ptu-za, V. red. of boptuia.

bo-ptus', core<. of boptuza ; boptu^ iyeya.

bo-ptu'-za, v.ci. to split or crack by shoodrtg,
pounding, or punching, — bowaptuia.

BOP

37

BOT

bo-pu'-ski-ea, v. a. (bo and puskic'a) to ram in
tight, — bowapuskica.

bo-pu'-skin, cont. of bopuskica ; bopuskin iyeya.

bo-sdan', adv. cont. of bosdata ; upright, straight
up : bosdan nazii), to stand erect.

bo-sda'-ta, adv. on end, erect, perpendicularly.

bo-sda'-tu, n. height, perpendicularity. See
obosdatu.

bo-sda'-tu, adv. perpendicularly.

bo-sda'-tu-dar), adv. straight up.

bo-sda'-tu-dar)-liir), adv. exactly perpendicular.

bo-sda'-tu-ya, adv. perpendicularly.

bo-sde'-ca, v. a. to split by shooting or punching,
— bowasdeca.

bo-sden', cont. of bosdeda ; bosden iyeya.

bo-sde'-sde-ea, v. red. of bosdeca.

bo-sdl', V. a. to push down in, as in churning ; to
squirt, — bowasdi.

bo-skai)', V. n. to cause to melt and flow off, as
rain does snow.

bo-ski'-ca, v. a. to press down tight by pounding,
— bowaskida.

bo-skin', cont. of boskida ; boskin iyeya.

bo-sna', v. a. (bo and sna) to make ring by shoot-
ing ; said also of the noise made by the falling
of leaves which have been shot down, — bowasna.

bo-sna'-sna, v. red. of bosna.

bo-sni', V. a. (bo and sni) to extinguish, blow out,
as a candle ; to cool by blowing, — bowasni, bour)-
snipi.

bo-sni', V. n. to put out, as rain does fire on the
prairie.

bo-sni'-sni, v. red. of bosni.

bo-son', cont. of bosota ; boson iyeya.

bo-son'-so-ta, v. red. of bosota.

bo-so'-ta, V. a. (bo and sota) to kill all off, use
all up by shooting, — bowasota, boyasota, bouijso-
tapL

bo-so'-tso-ta, V. red. of bosota.

bo-spa'-ya, v. n. (bo and spaya) to wet by rain-
ing on.

bo-star) '-ka, v. (bo and staijka) to moisten by
raining on.

bo-su'-ksu-ta, v. red. of bosuta.

bo-su'-ta, V. (bo and suta) to make hard by
punching or ramming ; to make hard by raining
on, — bowasuta, bouqsutapi.

bo-sag', cont. of bo^aka.

bo-sag'-sag-ya, part. red. of bo^agya.

bo-sag'-sa-ka, v. red. of bosaka.

bo-sag'-ya, part, shooting with too little force.

bo-sa'-ka, v. a. to shoot with too little force to
penetrate, — bowa^aka.

bo-sda', V. a. (bo and id.a) to make bare by shoot-
ing, shoot off, as hair, etc., — bowaida.

bo-sda'-sda, v. red. of boMa.
bo-sde'-ea, v. a. to split off a little piece by shoot-
ing or punching, — bowasdeca.
bo-sden', cont. of boMeda ; bosden iyeya.
bo-sde'-sde-ca, v. red. of bosdeda.
bo-sdog', cont. of boidoka ; boMog iyeya.
bo-sdo'-ka, v. a. to fire off a gun, shoot out a

load ; to blow out, clear out by blowing, as a tube,

— bowasdoka, bouijMokapi.
bo-sdo'-sdo-ka^ v. red. of boidoka.
bo-sdun', cont. of bosduta ; bo^dun iyeya, to make

glance, as a bullet.
bo-sdu'-ta, V. n. (bo and Wuta) to glance, as a

bullet.
bo-si '-ea, v. a. (bo and ^ida) to injure or spoil by

shooting or punching, — bowaiida.
bo-si'-ca-ho-vra-ya, v. a. (bo ^ica and howaya)

to make cry out by shooting or punching.
bo-sim', cont. of bosipa ; bo^im iyeya.
bo-sim'-si-pa, v. red. of bosipa.
bo-si'-pa, V. a. to shoot off, as a branch or any

thing projecting from another body, — bowa-

sipa.
bo-ski', V. a. to pound, as corn not well dried, —

bowaski.
bo-ski'-ca, v. a. to squeeze out by ramming, —

bowaskida.
bo-skin', cont. of boskida ; bodkin iyeya.
bo-sna', v. a. to miss in shooting, miss the mark,

— ^bowaiina, bouQ^napi.
bo-sna'-sna, v. red. of bo^na.
bo-sna'-ya, v. a. (bosna and ya) to cause to miss,

— bo^nawaya.
bo-spa', V. a. to punch or shoot off a piece, — bo-

waspa.
bo-spa'-spa, v. red. of bo^pa ; to shoot or punch

to pieces, — bowa^paspa.
bo-spa'-ya, part, shot or punched off.
bo-spi', V. a. to shoot off, as fruit, — bowa^pi.
bo-spi'-spi, V. red. of bo^pi.
bo-spu', V. a. to shoot off a piece, to break or crack

off by punching or shooting, — bowaspu.
bo-spu'-spu, V. red. of bo^pu ; to punch topieces,

as a cake of tallow, — bowa^pu^pu.
bo-sus', cont. of bosuia ; bo^ui iyeya.
bo-su'-su-za, V. red. of boiuia.
bo-su'-za, V. a. (bo and ixiia) to crush by punch-
ing ; to crush or mash up, as a bullet does bones,

— bowasuza.
bo-ta', V. bota iyeya, to blow off; i. q. bohin

iyeya.
bo-ta'-ku-ni-sni, v. a. (bo and takuni^ni) to

destroy by punching or shooting ; to shoot all to

pieces ; to carry off, as rain does snow, — bowata-

kuni^oi.

BOT

u

CA

bo-tar)', V. a. to pound, as in washing clothes.
bo-tar) '-ki-y a, v. a. (botaq and kiya) to cause to

pound, — bota^ wakiya.
bo-ta'-ta, V. a. to knock or shake off hy striking,

as in cleaning dust from clothes, — bowatata.
bo-t'a'-t'a, V. a. to make dull, as a pestle, hy

pounding in a mortar, or as an arrow, hy shooting.
bo-tem', cont.ot botepa; botem iyeya, to wear off",

as the point of an arrow.
bo-te'-pa, V. a. (bo and tepa) to wear off short,

as an arrow, by shooting, — bowatepa.
bo-ti'-Ca, V. a. to grab or snatch away a part.
bo-tin', conf. of botica ; botin iyeya.
bo-til)', V. n. to stand upright, be stiff.
bo-tii)', adj. stiff, standing up, as horses' ears.
bo-tir)'-tii), adj. red. of botii) ; stiff, standing up.
bo-tir)'-tir)-yar), adv. red. of botiqyaq.
bo-tir)'-yar), adv. .stiffly.
bo-tku'-ga, V. a. (bo and tkuga) to shoot off

square, as a stick, — bowatkuga.
bo-tkuh', cont. of botkuga.
bo-to', V. a. to knock or pound on any thing, —

bowato. See iboto.
bo-to'-ka, adj. pounded off short, short.
bo-to'-kai), V. a. (bo and tokari) to make change

places hy shooting at, — bowatokai).
bo-to'-ke-ea, v. a. (bo and tokeca) to alter or

make different hy punching or shooting.
bo-toi)', V. n. to he unable to see, to grope about :

botoi) wau^.
bo-t'or)', V. n. to shoot well, — bowat'oij.
bo-tor)'-toi), V. red. of botoi) ; to grope about,

said when one's eyes are very sore.
bo-tor) '-yai), adv. in a groping manner.
bo-to'-to, V. red. of boto.
bo-tpa', V. a. to shoot into, as into an eye ; to

shoot through : botpa iyeya.
bo-tpar)', V. a. Same as bokpaq.
bo-tpi', V. a. to shoot into, — bowatpi.
bo-tpi'-tpi, V. red. of botpi.
bo-tu'-ka, V. a. to spoil, as the fur of an animal,

by shooting, — bowatuka.
bo-tu'-ka-ka, v. red. of botuka ; to spoil or hurt

by shooting ; to tnake smart hy shooting, — bowa-

tukaka.
bo-tu'-ka-ka-ka, v. a. to make smart or feel

pain by shooting, — bowatukakaka.
bo-tu'-tka, V. a. (bo and tutka) to shoot or punch

off pieces, — bowatutka.
bo-ta', V. a. (bo and \a.) to kill by punching or

shooting ; to strike so as to endanger life, to stun,

— bowata : bota iyewaya ; boi^ita, to stun oneself

hy shooting ; to shoot and kill oneself, — ^bomi-

^ita ; mini bota, to drown one out, as when the

water leaks tlirough the roof. See ibota.

bo-tir)s', cont. of botiijza ; botii)s iyeya.

bo-tiQS'-tii)-za, v. red. of botiqza.

bo-tir)s'-ya, adv. tightly.

bo-tir)'-za, v. a. (bo and tiqza) to tighten, make
tight by punching ; to blow up tight, as a blad-
der,— bowatiqza.

bo-tos', cont. of botoia.

bo-to'-za, V. a. to make short or blunt by shoot-
ing,— bowatoia.

bo-"wa'-ni-ea, v. a. (bo and waniea) to shoot or
punch to nothing.

bo-'wa'-nin, cont. of bowanida ; bowanin iyeya, to
shoot to pieces, destroy by shooting.

bo-AVe'-ga, v. a. to break, but not off, hy shoot-
ing,— bowawega, boyawega, bouijwegapi.

bo-vreBi', cont. of bowega ; boweh iyeya.

bo-"weh'-"we-ga, v. red. of bowega.

bo-"weli'-ya, ^r<. broken by shooting, but not
entirely off.

bo-ya', adj. boya se, ragged, dangling.

bo-za', V. boza hiijhda, to start up all at once, as
a company on hearing some startling intelli-
gence.

bo-zai)', V. a. to shoot well, to shoot so as to kill,
— bowazai).

bo'-zax), n. minibozaq, slow rain, mist.

bo-zag'-za-ta, v. red. of boiata. '

bo-za'-ta, v. a. (bo and iata) to make forked hy
punching, as a turnip-digger, — bowaiata.

bo-za'-za, v. n. to wash, as the rain does.

bo-zu'-zu, V. a. (bo and iuiu) to break to pieces
or destroy by shooting ; to knock or punch to
pieces ; to break, as the rain does ice, — bowa-

bu, V. n. to make a noise ; to low, as a cow.

See kabu, nabu, etc.
bu-bu', V. red. of bu.
bu-bu', adj. bubu se, said of one who has a large

head and face.
bu-bu'-ya, adv. red. of buya ; noisy, with a noise.
bu-ya', adv. noisy, in the manner of lowing.
bu-ya'-ken, adv. in a noisy manner.
bu-yeli', adv. (buya and hii)) with a loud noise :

buyeh hiqhpaya.

c.

C, the third letter of the Dakota alphabet. It has
the power of ch in chain.

ea, adv. when. This word is used when a general
rule or something customary is spoken of, and is
generally followed by ce or ece at the end of the
member or sentence : yahi ca piwada 6e, when
thou comest I am glad ; waniyetu ca wapa ede,
when it is winter it snows. See ec'a.

CA

39

CAIJ

ea, n. a step, the distance which one steps : ca
nihaiiska, thy step is long.

oa-do'-M-nuia, adv. (cana and okimna) between
the knees. Vulgar.

ca-do'-ta-he-dax), adv. (dana and otahedaii) be-
tween the knees or feet.

ea-du'-za, adj. swift, running swiftly, as water :
mini caduza. Same as kaduza.

ca-e'-hde, v. n. (da and ehde) to step, take a step,
— caewahde.

ca-e'-hde, M. a step, apace. -PZ., caehdepi, sfeps.

ea'-ga, v. n. to freeze, become ice : wakpa daga,
the river freezes.

ea'-ga, n. ice.

ca-ga'-ta, adv. at or on the ice.

ca-gu', n. the lungs, lights.

ea-gu', n. See caguka.

ea-gu'-ka, w. a fool; ». y. wadiijtoijtei.

ea-hde', v. n. to step. See daehde.

ea-hde'-pi, n. steps. Same as daehdepi.

cali, cont. of daga ; cah kun, under the ice ; cat
iyaya, the ice is gone ; call hiyaya, floating ice.

ca-lidi', n. charcoal ; gunpowder.

ca-hdi'-o-pi-ye, n. a powder-magazine.

ca-hdi'-o-zu-ha, n. a powder-flask, powder-horn.

ca-hdl'-ti-pi, n. a powder-house.

ea-hdo'-zu-ha, n. a powder-horn or flask. See
dahdioiuha.

ca-ho'-ta, n. ashes.

ca-Ma'-mna, adj. rusty, as old pork, strong
smelling.

caBi-to'-'wa-ta, adj. transparent, as newly formed
ice.

cali-'wo'-tir), n. the cracking of ice by reason of
the cold. See otii).

ea'-l-a, v. (deya and ia) to talk crying, — dawaia.

ea'-i-a-a, v. red. of caia.

ea-ka', n. the palate, roof of the mouth, — midaka.

ea-ka'-ka, n. a liar ; i. q. tuwe itoq^ni kii).

ca-ki'-ci-pa, v. of dapa ; to stab for one.

ea-ki'-pa, v. pos. of dap4 ; to stab one's own, —
dawakipa.

6a-kl'-yu-hu-ge, n. (daka and iyufiuge) a fish-
hook.

ea-ksu', n. bare or smooth ice.

ca-ksir)', v. to step, bend the Igp. See adaksiij.

cam, cont. of dapii. See idam.

ea-mni', n. a sprout, a germ or bud : damni uya,
to sprout.

ca-na', n. the groin, inside of the thigh, the gland
in the groin.

can-ha'-ha-dai), adj. (daqte and hahadaij) quick
tempered, — danmahahadai) .

ean-ha'-ha-ka, adj. quick-tempered, easily ex-
cited;— danmahahaka.

ean-ha'-ha-ya, v. a. to irritate, — danhahawaya.

can-ha'-ha-ya, adv. irritably.

can-ha'-ha-ye-dai), adv. in an excited state,
irritably.

ean-i'-yu-tar)-yar), n. (da^te and iyutaijyai))
temptation.

ean-ki'-ya, v. cont. of captekiya.

ean-psag'-ya, v. a. (daijte and psaka) to make
sad, to grieve one, — danpsagwaya.

can-psag'-ya, adv. in a broken-hearted manner.

can-psa'-ke-ea, adv. broken-hearted, without con-
trol over oneself.

ean-skem'-ya, v. a. (da^jte and skepa) to make
the heart melt or pass away ; to disappoint, —
danskemwaya.

can-skem'-ya, adv. in a disappointed manner.

can-ske'-pa, adj. (darite and skepa) disappointed,
angry, troubled, — danmaskepa.

can-sin', cont. of daijte sida.

can-sin'-ya, v. a. to make sad, — dansinwaya.

ean-sin'-ya, adv. sadly, sorrowfully.

ean-sln'-ya-ken, adv. sorrowfully.

ean-tii)s'-ya, v. a. to embolden or encourage one,
— dantioswaya.

can-til) '-ZEI, v. n. (daijte and tiijza) to be of good
courage, — canmatir)za.

e£in-"wai)'-ka, n. (daqte and waqka) a coward.

ean-"war)'-ka, v. n. to be a coward, — danwaqma-
ka and danmawaijka, danwaqnika, canwaguqkapi.

can-"war)'-ka-ka, v. red. of canwaijka.

ean-"war)'-ka-pi, n. cowardice.

can-za'-ni, v. n. (daijte and zani) to be well in
heart, to be tranquil or of good cheer, — danma-
zani.

can-ze', v. n. to be troubled, to have a load on the
heart, — danmaze.

ean-ze'-ka, adj. troubled, — danmazeka.

ean-ze'-ya, v. a. to trouble, to make angry, — ■
danzewaya.

ean-ze'-ya, adv. angrily.

ean-zan'-ya, adv. (dai)te and iata) undecidedly,
hesitatingly,

ean-zan'-ye-ea, v. a. to make undecided, make
hesitate, — danzanwayeda.

car), n. a tree, trees ; wood.

cai), n. a night or day. This is always used after
the numeral adjective, as noi)pa dai), yamni dai),
etc. In this way it is distinguished from the pre-
ceding word. May not this meaning of the word
have grown out of the fact, that the Indians
when travelling calculate to reach wood at
night ?

eai)'-a-di-pi, n. See daijiyadipi.

cai)'-a-kan-yo-tai)-ka, n. something to sit on, a
chair, a stool.

CA^

40

CA]^

car)'-a-kan-yo-tai)-ka-pi-har)-ska, n. any long

thing to sit on, a bench, a form.
eag'-a-ki-ta, adv. much brush, many trees down.
car)-a-ki'-yu-ha-pi, n. a bier for the dead. See

c'aijwi^ihupa, said to be the better form.
ear)'-a-ina-ni-pi, n. stairs, a ladder. See cag-

iyamanipi, the better form.
ear)-an', adv. See caijiian.
eaQ-lia'-kpa, n. (c'ai) and bakpa) a shingle ; cai)-

bakpapi, shingles.
caQ-ba'-sde-ea, v. a. (cSai) and basdeca) to saw

lengthwise.
cai)-ba'-sde-sde-ea, v. a. to saw hoards, saw

lengthwise of the wood often, — c'aijbaiujsdesde-

c'api.
cai)-l)a'-sde-sde-ea-ti-pi, n. a saw-mill.
car)-ear)', v. n. to shake, tremble, have the ague,

— macaijcaq, nicaqcai), uricaqcaripi.
car)-eai)'-pi, n. the ague, trembling.
car]-ear)'-se, adv. hastily, quickly.
eai)-eai)'-ya, v. a. to make tremble or shake ; to

hasten one, — caijcaijwaya.
carj-caq'-yar), adv. tremblingly.
ear)'-ee-ga, n. (cai) and cega) a skin stretched

over a hoop, a drum : cai)cega apa, to drum ;

caqcega kabu, to drum.
ear)-de', v. a. to get wood, get fire-wood, — cag-

wade.
cai)-di', n. tobacco : caqdi ui)pa, to smoke tobac-
co,— c'aqdi uijmuqpa ; caijdi ya^kica, to chew to-
bacco.
ear)-dl'-a-'ba-kpai), n. (cai)di and abakpag) a

hoard to cut tobacco on.
ear)-di'-a-'ba-tpar), «. Same as caijdiabakpai).
eari'-do-'waij-ki-ya, v. (caij and dowai)kiya) to

play on an instrument, as the violin.
6ai)'-do-'wai)-ki-ya-pi, n. a musical box ; the

violin.
car)-do'-zu-ha, n. (caqdi and oiuha) a tobacco-
pouch.
cag-du'-hu-pa, n. a Dakota pipe, a pipe of any

kind to smoke with.
car)-du'-hu-pa-pa-hu, n. the bowl of a pipe,

usually made of red pipe-stone by the Dakotas.
car)-du'-hu-pa-sur)-ta, n. a pipe-stem; also,

the name of a kind of ash, much used for making

pipe-stems.
car)-ha', n. (cai) and ha) tree-skin, i. e. bark.
ear)'-har)-pa, n. (caq and haijpa) shoes; lit.

wooden moccasins. Perhaps the Dakotas at first

thought that shoes were made of wood.
car)'-hai)-pa-hag-ska, n. long shoes, i. e.

hoots.
car)-h.ar)'-pi, n. (caij and haijpi) sugar ; lit.

trcc-sap.

cag-hari'-pi-nidu, n. powdered sugar.
ear)-h.ar)'-pl-nii-ni, n. sugar-water, sap.
ear)-hai)'-pl-ta-sa-ka, n. cake sugar.
car)-har('-pl-ti-kti-ea, n. molasses.
eauj-lia'-sai), n. (cariha and sai)) the sugar maple

or rock maple ; so called from its bark being

whitish.
cai)-ha'-sa, v. (c'aijha and is) cinnamon-bark.
ear)-hda'-ka, n. large trees alone, without under

brush.
eai)-hde'-hde, n. scattering trees, one here and

there.
ear)-hde'-hde-ka, n. trees that stand here and

there.
ear)-hde'-ska, n. a hoop, a wheel.
caij-hde'-ska, adj. round, wheel-like.
car)-hde'-ska-ku-te, v. to play at shooting

through a hoop while it is rolling.
car)-hdu'-kai), v. pos. of yukaq ; to shake off;

said of snow falling from trees.
ear)-hiiiur)'-za, n. the name of a small bush

bearing little three-lobed red berries.
eai)-ho'-ta-dar), n. a swing. See hotadag.
eag-ho'-ta-pi-sko, n. a swing.
ear)-hur)', n. the sturgeon, a kind of fish.
car)-lia'-lia-ke, n. a vertebra, a buffalo's hump.
eag-ta'-fia-ke-toi), v. n. to be humped, having a

hump.
caij-Ra'-ha-ya, adv. brushy.
earj-ha'-ka, n. (cai) and haka) a brush, a hush.
ear)R-ear)'-ga, v. n. to crunch or make a noise in

chewing any thing hard, as corn.
ear)-hdo'-Eiu, n. weeds, pig-weed, any large

weed.
6ai)-hdo'-ka, n. (caij and hdoka) a hollow tree

or log.
ear)-he'-ta-zu, v. (cai) and hetaiu) to put wood

ashore from a boat. See hetaiu.
«3ar)-M'-ya, v. a. to disappoint one, either in a

good or bad sense ; to lead on or tempt one, as

the presence of a wild animal leads one to desire

to kill it, — carjhiwaya, c'aqhimayai).
car)-ho'-tka, n. a kind of small hush : ($ai)hotka

hu.
earj-hpai)', «. the coot or water-hen.
car)-Rpi', n. a war-club, tomahawk.
oaij-hu'-na-ptar), n. (car) ayid hunaptai)) the side

of a hill covered with trees.
car)'-i-ba-kse, n. (car) and baksa) a saw, hand

or cross-cut saw. See ciqbakse.
Car)'-i-ca-kar), n. (cai) and kakai)) an adze, a

broad-axe, any instrument used in hewing or

adzing.
eai)'-i-ea-sde-ee, n. (cai) and kasdec'a) some-
thing to split wodd with, a wed^fe.

CAJ)'

41

CAI^"

6ai)'-i-ea-zi-pe, n. (cai) and kazipa) a drawing-
knife ; a plane. See dagwicaiipe.
cai)'-i-eo-ge, n. drift-wood.
ear)'-ir)-kpa, ». the ends of branches, buds. See

ciijkpa.
6ai)'-ir)-tpa, w. buds. Same as cai)ii)kpa.
ear)'-i-pa-be, n. (daij a«f? pamaij) a loood-rasp.
ear)'-i-pa-kir)-za, n. (cai) awe? pakiijza) a fiddle.
ear)'-i-ya-ina-m-pi, n. (cai) and amani) pieces of

wood to walk on, a ladder, stairs or steps, abridge.
ear)'-i-yu-be, n. (dai) and yumai)) a ioood-rasp.

See carjipabe.
ear)'-i-yu-inni, «. (can and yumni) an auger ; a

gimblet. See diijyumni.
ear)'-i-yu-sdo-h.e, n. (caij and yusdohai)) a

sled, a sleigh. See caijwiyusdohe.
ear)'-i-yu-te, w. (caq ant? iyuta) a measure for

wood, a square or rule.
ear)-i'-yu-'wi, m. curly wood, a vine. See cai)-

wiyuwi.
ear)-ka', w. a fire-steel.
ear)-ka'-ga, n. a Zo^, any large piece of wood on

the ground.
eai)-ka'-gi-ea, ra. touchwood, spunk.
car)-ka'-hu, w. (caijka and hu) <Ae sjt>«»e or bach-
bone, the vertebrw.
ear)-kah'-oq-pa, v. a. (c'aqkaga and oi)pa) to

lay or place logs to walk on, to bridge.
caij-kali'-og-pa-pi, n. logs laid to walk on, a

bridge : iqyai) caqkaioripapi, a stone bridge.
eag-ka'-hpa-hpa, n. shingles ; i. q. capbakpa.
6ar)-ka'-kir)-za, v. n. to svnng and creak, as

trees in the wind.
ear)-ka'-sur)-ta, n. (caijka and suijta) the spinal

marroio.
ear)-ka'-ska, v. (caij and ka^ka) to bind wood

together ; to inclose with wood, to fortify, — daij-

wakaska ; c'aijkaska yagka, to be fortified.
ear)-ka'-sko-kpa, n. (&i) and kaskokpa) wood

hewed out, a trough.
eaq-ka'-sko-tpa, n. Same as daijkaskokpa.
cai)'-ka-zi-pa, v. to shave ov plane wood.
ear)-ka'-zi-pe, n. (caq and kaiipa) a carpenter.
ear)-ko'-ye, n. the parts along the back.
car)-ko'-ye-sir(, n. the fat along the back and

sides.
ear)-ko'-zu-ha (caqka aTid oiuha) a tobacco-
pouch or bag, so called because they carry in it

their flint and steel ; a medicine-bag.
ear)-kpe', n. the tibia ; the bone in the hind leg

of animals below the knee ; cai)kpe huvvakipe,

the fibula.
eai)-kpe'-ca-ka, n. one who is furious ; i. q.

tuwe ohitii(Jida kii).
6ai)-ksi', V. n. to be angry, irritated, — c'ai)wak&i.
6

car)-ksi'-ksi, v. red. of caijksi.
ear)-ksi'-ksi-ka, n. one who is petulant.
ear)-ksi'-ksi-ya, adv. red. of cariksiya.
ear)-ksi'-ya, adv. angrily, in a petulant manner.
ear)-ksi'-ya-har), adv. crossly.
6ar)-ku', n. a road, way, path, trail.
ear)-ku'-ya, v. to make for a road, have far a

road, — car)kuwaya.
car)-ku'-ye, n. a row, as of corn, etc.
ear)-ku'-ye-tor), v. to be in rows ot furrows.
ear)-ku'-ye-tor)-tor), v. to make rows or fur-
rows, as a plough, — daijkuyetoijtoi) aya.
ear)-ku'-ye-tor)-tor)-yar), adv. in rows or fur-

roivs.
cai)-ina'-ko-pa-za, n. wood, trees. The sacred

name.
ear)'-ini-ni-ea-zo, n. a sawyer in the river.
ear)-na', n. See c'ana, the better orthography.
6ar)-na'-ksa, n. a war-club, i. q. caijhpi ; perhaps,

a club broken off with the foot.
ear)-nan', adv. out from the shore, in the middle

of the river : pacaijnan iyeya, to shove off a boat.
eaQ-nan'-tki-ya, adv. oxUfrom the shore, towards

the middle of a stream.
ear)-nan'-'wa-pa, adv. out from the shore, fur-
ther out.
ear)-ni'-ki-ya, v. n. to be angry. See c'aijniyai).
cai)-ni'-yar), v. n. to be angry, — caqmaniyaq,

caijniniyai), o'ai)ur)niyai)pi.
6ar)-ni'-ye-ki-ei-ya-pi, v. to be angry with one

another. As a noun, anger, malice.
ear)-ni'-ye-ki-ya, v. a. to make angry, — caijni-

yewakiya.
ear)-ni'-ye-ya, v. a. to he angry at, offended with,

— caijniyewaya, caijniyeyaya, c'ai)niyeui)yai)pi,

cai)niyeciya, cai)niyemayaya.
car)-nl'-ye-ya-pi, n. an object of anger ; anger.
ear)-nor)'-pa, v. See c'aijnuijpa.
earj-num', cont. of c'a7)nui)pa ; cagnnm mani, to

smoke as one walks.
6ai)-nur)'-pa, v. n. (caijdi and uijpa) to smoke

tobacco : cai)nui)mui)pa, / smoke ; ($a;jnunui)pa,

you smoke ; daijnuij^oiipapi, we smoke.
eaq'-o-hna-hna-ka-pi, ». (cari olma and hnaka)

a coffin.
car)-o'-hna-ka, n. (daij a7id ohnaka) a trunk, box.

See car)wohnaka.
earj-o'-ka-lipa-hpa, n. (c'ai) and kahpa) chipis.
ear)-o'-pa-nina, n. sprouts groiuing up round a

stump.
ear)-o'-pi-ye, n. (c'ai) and opiye) a dressing-ease,

a work-box. See caijwopiye.
ear)-o'-ti-dar), n. the Dakota god of the woods —

an vmknown animal said to resemble a man,

which the Dakotas worship ; perhaps, the monkey.

GAIJ

4S

CAlf

cai)'-0-tO-za, n. (daij and toza) a round stick.
car)'-o-war)-ca-ya, «. jworf aZ^ over, i. e. a

/ore*/.
car)-pa', w. choke-cherries, of the genus prunus.
car)-pa'-gnii-gma, m. (Titoijwai)) See caijpaLmi-

hma.
eaQ-pa'-hmi-hma, n. (cai) and pahmihma) a

cart, waggon, any vehicle.
car)-pa'-hini-hina-hu-nor)-pa, n. a cart, two-
wheeled carriage.
earj-pa'-hmi-hma-hu-to-pa, n a waggon, a

four-wheeled carriage.
eaQ-pa'-hu, n. dwke-cherry hushes.
car)-pa'-kir), v. (cai) and pakiq) to set up a stick

in the ground to point the way one is going, —

caijwapakii).
ear)-pa'-kir), n. the stick thus set up pointing the

direction one has gone.
eai)-pa'-kir)-za, v. (caq and pakii)za) to play

on the violin, — ca^wapakiijza.
car)-pa'-kir)-za-pi, n. a violin.
car)-pa'-kmi-kma, n. (Ihank.) See ca^pahmi-

hma.
car)-pa'-ksa, n. (caij pa and ksa) a stump.
car)-pa'-nina, u. the bunch of sprouts that grow

at the root of a tree or stump. See oaqopamna.
eai)-pa'-nnii-nma, n. (Mdewa.) See cai)pahmi-

hma.
caQ-pa'-sa-pa-vri, n. (caijpa sapa and wi) the

moon when choke-cherries are black, August.
ear)-pe'-ska, adv. on the knees : caqpeska make-

hdeya inaziq, to stand on one's knees, i. e. to kneel.
car)-pteh', adv. well, very well : caqpteh sdon-

ya, to know a thing tvell ; cai)pteh anagoptai).
cag-pteh'-ya, adv. well.
car)-sa'-ka-dar), n. (c'aij and saka) a switch, a

twig, a rod.
cai)-sai)', n. a pillory.
cai)-sag'-se, adv. quickly, in haste. See cai)-

caqse.
car)S-nma', adj. unpleasant to the taste, as lean

meat ; i. q. mazamna sececa.
car)-su', n. (cai) and su) hickory-nuts, hickory-
wood.
car)-su'-hu, n. the hickory-tree, the walnut of

New England ; Carya alba.
caij'-su-s'be-ea, n. (cai) and susbec'a) a wooden

cross. See susbeca.
cag-sa'-sa, n. the bark which the Dakotas mix

with their tobacco for smoking. This they take

from two or three bushes, one a species of dog-
wood and the others a kind of willow.
car)-sa'-sa-hir)-ca-ke, n. a species of comus or

dogwood, the bark of which is considered the best

for smoking.

ear)-sii)', n. (c'aij and i\ri) the gum or resin that
oozes from trees, pitch-plaster ; the pitch pine-
tree, from which the gum oozes.

caQ-sirj'-ea-hpu, n. a small species of bird.

ear)-sir)'-sir)-na, n. a plant from which gum
oozes when it is broken off ; perhaps a species of
camomile.

ear)-ska', n. a species of hawk.

eax)-ska'-"war)-indi-dar), n. a species of kite or
eagle.

car)-ske'-du-ta, n. the red bird.

cai)-su'-ska, n. the box-elder, Acer negundo. See
taskadai).

eai)t-a'-hde, v. a. (cai)te and ahde) to desire, wish
for, set the heart upon ; especially, to set the heart
on for evil, determine evil against one, — caqtawa-
hde, cai)tayahde, cai)taui)hdepi, cai)tacihde.

ear)t-a'-hde-pi, n. a determining evil against.

ear)t-a'-hde-ya, v. a. to cause to set the heart
against, — cai) tahdewaya.

cai)-te', n. the heart of men and animals ; the
seat of the affections : caijte yukai), to have a
heart, to he kindly disposed ; cai)te wanica, to
have no heart ; micarite, my lieart : also, the eye
of com, the germinating part of seeds.

ear)-te'-a-sni, v. n. to recover from anger or sor-
row,— cai)teamasni.

ear)-te'-a-sni-yar), v. a. to cause to recover from
sorrow, — caijteasniwaya.

car)-te'-en-a-i, v. to take to heart, be displeased,
— caqteenawai.

cai)-te'-en-yu-za, v. to have or hold in the heart,
to esteem, — cai)teenmduza.

earj-te'-ha-ha-dar), adj. quick-tempered, — cai)te-
mahahadai).

ear)-te'-ha-ha-ye-dar), adj. quick-tempered, iras-
cible.

ear)-te'-hni-yar)-yar), v. n. to be disturbed or
distressed, as when one's food hurts him, — c'aijte-
mahniyaqyai).

carj-te'-i-ki-eui), v. to sustain oneself, have com-
mand over oneself; to be resolute; i. q. sagi-
^iya, — c'ai)teiwe^ui).

eai)-te'-i-ki-cur)-yai), adv. resolutely, restrain-
ing oneself.

6ai)-te'-ka-ze, v. n. to he distressed, as when one
is thirsty while eating, — caijtemakaze.

ear)-te'-ki-ei-ei-ya-pi, n. loving each other. See
caijtekiya.

car)-te'-ki-6ut), v. See daijteiki^ui).

car)-te'-kl-ya, v. a. to love, have an interest in or
affection for, which prompts to benevolent acts, —
cai)tewakiya, cai)teyakiya, cai)teui)kiyapi, ca^te-
c'iciya, c'aqtemayakiya.

ear)-te'-ki-ya-pi, n. love, benevolence ; one loved.

CAlf

43

CAIJ

ear)-te'-ki-yu-za, v. a. to hold in the heart for

good or ill ; to have an opinion of, whether good

or bad : taijyai) caqtewakiyuza, I hold him in my,

heart for ()ood.
caq-te'-o-ki-eu-ni-ea, v. n. to be offended ; i. q.

cai)teptai)yan : cai)teowe(Junioa, / am angry at.
ear)-te'-o-ki-eu-nin, cont. of dai)teoki(Junica.
cag-te'-o-ki-eu-nin-ya, v. a. to offend, make

angry by opposition, — cagteoki^Juninwaya.
earj-te'-OQ-si-ka, adj. low-spirited, — caijteoijma-

sika.
caQ-te'-O-yu-ze, n. inclination, intention. See

cai)teoze.
ear)-te'-0-ze, n. the way the heart is affected,

mind, thought, purpose, — micaijteoze.
eai)-te'-o-ze-ya, adv. with the whole heart.
eag-te'-ptarj-yai), v. n. to be angry, be in a

passion, — daijternaptaqyai), cai)teniptai)yai).
ear)-te'-ptar)-yar), adj. angry. From this comes

wocai)teptai)ye, anger, wrath.
car)-te'-ptar)-ye-ya, v. a. to make angry, to

provoke, — caijteptaqyewaya.
car)-te'-ske-pa, v. n. to have the heart pass

away ; to be surfeited, sick. See canskepa.
eaq-te'-so-so-pi-se-ea, v. n. to be terrified,

miserable, have the heart cut into strings as it

were, — cai) temasosopiseca.
ear)-te'-su-ta, v. n. to be firm of heart ; to he

brave, not coioardly, — caqtemasuta.
ear)-te'-si-ca, v. n. to be sad, sorrowful, — daqte-

masica, daqtenisica, caijteuijsidapi.
ear)-te'-si-ea-ya, adv. sadly, sorrowfully.
ear)-te'-sin-ya, v. a. to make sad, sadden, —

daijtesinwaya.
cag-te'-sin-ya, adv. sorrowfully.
ear)-te'-sin-ya-ken, adv. sadly.
car)-te'-tir)S-ya, v. a. to strengthen the heart,

encourage, — dai)tetii)swaya.
eai)-te'-tir)s-ya, adv. courageously.
car)-te'-tir)-za, v. n. to be firm of heart, coura-
geous,— daqtematiqza.
eag-te'-'Wa-ni-oa, v. n. to be heartless, unprinci-
pled, mean, wicked, — caijtemanida.
ear)-te'-wa-ste, v. n. to be glad, cheerful, joyful,

— -cai) temawaste.
eai)-te'-wa-ste-ya, v. a. to make glad, gladden,

— cai) tewastewaya.
eai)-te'-wa-ste-ya, adv. joyfully, cheerfully.
cag-te'-ya-si-ea, v. a. to tnake sad by talking

to, to dishearten, — daijtemdasida.
eag-te'-ya-tigs, cont. of caqteyatiijza.
cag-te'-ya-tig-za, v. a. to cheer up by words ;

to comfort, strengthen, — caijtemdatiijza.
6ag-te'-ya-wa-ste, v. a. to make happy by

words, — daijtemdawaste.

eag-te'-yu-kag, v. n. to have a heart, be benevo-
lent,— caqtemayukai), cai)teniyukai).
cag-te'-yu-za, w. n. to think, form an opinion,- —

caijtemduza : tokei) caqteduza he, what is your

opinion ?
eagt-i'-ea-spe-ya, v. a. to satisfy the desires of

the heart, whether good or bad ; to gratify one^s

desires, — caqtidaspewaya.
oagt-i'-he-ya, v. a. to set the heart upon, to

desire very much, covet, — caqtihewaya, caijti-

heyaya, cai)tiheui)yar)pi.
eagt-ig'-yug, adv. voluntarily.
cagt-i'-ya-hde, v. n. to be angry, meditate evil,

— cai)tiyamahde.
cagt-i'-ya-hde-pi, n. malice, anger. See wocai)t-

iyahde.
eagt-i'-ya-hde-ya, v. a. to be angry at ; to make

angry, — cai)tiyahdewaya.
eagt-i'-ya-hde-ya, adv. angrily.
cagt-i'-yo-zi, v. n. to get over one's anger, —

caijtiyomazi.
eagt-ka'-spe-ya, v. n. to be provoked, be emulous ;

to relieve oneself, gratify one's desires, — daijtka-

spcwaya. See daqtidaspeya.
eagt-ki'-ya, v. See daqtekiya.
eai)t-o'-cu-ni-ca, v. n. to be irritated, angry.

See daqteoki^unica.
eagt-o'-eu-nin-ya, v. a. to make ashamed or

angry — daijto^Juninwaya.
eagt-o'-gag, n. the pericardium.
eagt-o'-ge, n. (daqte and oge) the pericardium.
cagt-o'-gig, n. the pericardium.
cagt-o'-hnag-ya, v. a. to cause to place in the

lieart, — caqtohnagwaya.
eant-o'-hnag-ya, adv. in a loving manner.
eagt-o'-hna-ka, v. a. (daijte and ohnaka) to

place in the affections, to love, — cai)towahnaka,

cai)toui)hnakapi.
eagt-o'-hna-ka-pi, n. love.
eagt-o'-ki-hna-ka, v. pos. of caqtohnaka; to

place in one's heart, — dai)towakihnaka.
eagt-o'-kpa-ni, v. a. (dante and okpani) to

desire, long for any thing, — eaijtowakpani, cagto-

urikpanipi.
eagt-o'-kpa-ni-yag, v. a. to cause to long for, —

daijtokpaniwaya.
eagt-o'-kpa-ni-yag, adv. longing f<yf.
eagt-o'-tpa-ni, v. Same as caijtokpani.
eagt-o'-tpa-ni-yag, adv. longing for.
eag-ug'-pa, v. n. to smoke tobacco. See caq-

nuijpa.
eag-vra'-pa, n. leaves, small branches.
eag-wa'-po-sbe, «. thick leaves or foliage, full

leaf, said of the woods after the leaves come to

their growth and untQ they fall off.

CA]^^

44

CEH

car)-"Wap'-tor)-'wi, n. the moon in which the
leaves are green, answering to May. Some say
caijwapatowi.
ean-'wa'-ta, n. a log canoe,
eaq-Tva'-ta-tarj-ka, n. a boat or large.
eaq-wi'-ea-zi-pe, n. a draicing-knife.
ear)-"wi'-6i-hu-pa, «. sticks to carry a dead per-
son on, a bier.
ean-'wi'-du-du-ta, n. wood with which red or

scarlet is dyed, logwood.
car)-'wi'-du-ta, n. logwood.
carj-wi '-pa-snog, n. a spit or stick to roast

meat on.
ear)-'wi'-ta, n. a little grove or island of trees.
caij-'wi'-yu-sdo-he, n. a sleigh or sled of any

kind ; sometimes a waggon.
eaij-Tvi'-yu-'wi, n. curled wood, i. e. a vine.
car)-AVo'-hna-ka, n. a trunk, box.
carj-^vo'-ka-zi-pe, n. shavings.
car)-zi', n. yellow wood, i. e. sumac.
ear)-za'-ta, n. a forked stick, a hay-fork.
ea'-pa, n. the heaver. Ciipa wakpa, Beaver creek.
ea-p'a', v. a. to thrust into, as a knife, — cawap'a.
ea-por)g'-i-cu-wa, n. (capoqka and kuwa) a

musquito-bar.
ea-por)'-ka, n. the musguito, musquitoes.
ea-pta'-he-za, n. (capa ta and haza) the black

currant, Ribes florid um. See taptaheza.
ea-pu'-ta, n. alder-berries.
ca-pu'-ta-h.u, n. the alnus or alder-tree.
ea-ske', n. the name of the first-born child, if a

son, — damaske, caniske.
ca-smu', n. sand ; i. q. wiyaka.
eas-ki'-tor), v. pos. of da^toq ; to give a name to

one^s own, — caswakitoi).
eas-tor)', v. a. to naine, give a name to, — eaiwa-

ton, casyatoi), casuqtoijpi.
eas-tOI)'-pi, part, named.
ea'-ta, n. hard ashes, cinders.
ea-tai)', n. the name of the fourth child, if a son,

— damatai), canitai).
ca-tka', n. the left hand : micatka and macatka,

7ny left Imnd ; nidatka, thy left hand.
6a-tka', adj. left-handed, — camatka, canitka.
ca-tka'-tar)-hai),arfi'. at the left hand, — mica-

tkatai)liar).
ea-tku', n. the 'iack part of a tent or house, the

part opposite tke door ; the place of honor.
ca-tkun', adv. at the hack of a house or tent :
catkun iyaya wo, go to the back part of the house.
ca-tku'-tai)-har), adv. at the back part of a

tent.
ea-ze', n. a name.

ea-ze'-hdan, cont. of daiehdata ; intthe.gioMeof
one's own.

6a-ze'-hda-ta, v. pos. of daieyata ; to call one's

own by name, — daiewahdata.
ea-ze'-i-hda-ta, v. reflex, to speak one's own name,

— cazemihdata.
ea-ze'-ki-ya-ta, v. to mention or speak of any

thing to one, — caiewakiyata, daiedidiyata.
ea-ze'-yan, cont. of da^eyata ; in the name of.
c'a-ze'-ya-ta, v. a. (daze and yata) to call by
name, speak the name of a person or thing,
mention by name, — caiemdata, daiedata, caieuq-
yatapi ; daze mayadata, thou speakest my name.

ee, a particle. It is commonly used at the end
of a sentence or paragraph, when a general truth
is expressed, or a common course of action men-
tioned ; also, when reference is made to what is
past, especially in quoting the words of another
or one's own. See da and 6io.

ee, n. the penis, — mace, nide.

ce-ea', »• *Ae thigh; the cock of a gun; maza-
kai) ceda, the breech of a gun.

ee-ea'-kar)-tai)-ka, n. the femoral artery.

ee-eo'-ktar)-ktar), adj. bandy-legged.

ce-eur)'-te, n. the thigh-bone, femur.

ee-eur)t'-o-stai), n. the neck or head of the
femur, the articulation of the femur.

ce-dl', n. a reed-like grass with long joints.

ee-di'-eo-tar)-ka, n. a large kind of reed.

ee-di'-hu, n. tlie reed stalk.

ee-e', a particle. For its definition, see ce.

eeg, cont. of deka. See degya.

eeg'-ya, adv. of deka ; stumblingly.

ee'-ga, w. a kettle, pot ; a pail, bucket.

ee'-ga-hu-ha-tor)-na, n. an iron kettle with
feet.

ee'-ga-i-ha, n. the lid or cover for a kettle or
bucket.

ee'-ga-i-hu-pa-har)-ska, n. a frying-pan.

ee'-ga-i-hu-pa-tor), n. a kettle or bucket with a
bail.

ee'-ga-i-psur)-ka-dar), n. a sauce-pan.

ee-gai)'-stir)-na, (dega and distiqna) a small
kettle or bucket.

ee'-ga-psur)-ka-dan, n. a sauce-pan.

ee'-ga-ska, n. a white tin kettle.

ee-ga'-te-zi-torj-na, n. a tea-kettle, any kettle
that bulges in the middle.

ee-gii)'-stir)-na, n. See cegai)stii)na.

ee-gu'-gu, V. n. to fry, as meat.

ee-gu'-gu-ya, v. a. to fry meat, — deguguwaya.

ee-hbe'-ea, n. a kind cfnuts which the Dakotas
take from the deposits made by ground-squir-
rels or mice. A very small root, in size and
shape resembling a pea, collected by mice, and
eaten by tEe Dakotas.

. ee-hnag',, cont. of dehnake.

CEH

45

(3i

ee-hnag'-ki-tor), v. to put cm or wear a breech-
cloth.
ee-h.na'-ke, n. a breech-cloth, a piece of cloth

worn around the loins by Dakota men.
ee-hna'-ke-ki-toi), v. to put on and wear a

breech-cloth, — dehnakewakitoi) .
ce-hu'-pa, n. the under jaw.
ce-hu'-pa-hda-hda, v. n. to chatter, as the teeth

on account of cold, — o'ehupawahdahda.
ceb, cont. of dega ; ceh sapa, a black kettle ; ceh

ska, a white kettle.
ceh and eceh, adv. times : noijpa ceh noripa,

twice two.
ceR-ir)' and ecehir), adv. just so miich, that alone :

he cehiq mduha, / have that alone.
eeh-na'-gi, n. (cega and nagi) soot.
ceh-o'-ki-hde-toi), n. a kettle, such as a tea-
kettle.
ce-hpi', n. Jlesh, muscular fibre, — midehpi.
ceh-po', n. the steam of a kettle.
eeh-ur)', v. See dehuqka.
eefi,-ui)'-ka, v. n. to be the object of anger, — ceh-

waurika.
ee'-ka, v. n. to stagger, — maceka.
6e-keeg, cont. of cekdeka.
6e-keeg'-ya, adv. staggeringly, reeling : ce-

kdegya mani.
ce-kee'-ka, v. n. to stagger, reel.
ce-ki'-ea-ti, v. of deti ; to make a fire for one, —

dewedati, deyedati.
ce-ki'-ei-ti, v. of deti ; to make a fire for one, —

dewediti, deyediti, deurikiditipi.
ee'-ki-ei-ya, v. of dekiya ; to pray or supplicate

for another, — dewediya, deyediya, deuqkidiyapi ;

demiyediya, thou prayest for me.
ce-ki'-ti-pi, n. a feast, of which virgins and men

who have not known women are said to partake ;

i. q. wimna sni.
ee'-ki-ya, v. of deya ; to pray to, beseech, entreat,

— dewakiya, deyakiya, ceui)kiyapi, cecidiya ;

ceuijnidiyapi, we pray you.
ee-kpa', n. the navel ; a twin : dekpapi, twins, —

madekpa.
cem, cont. of depa.
cem-ee'-pa, adj. red. of depa ; fat.
eem-ki'-ya, v. a. pos. of demya ; to fatten erne's

oien, — demwakiya, demuqkiyapi.
cem.ya', v. a. to make fat, fatten, — demwaya.
cem-ya', adv. fatly ; liberally.
eem-ya'-pi, part, fatted.
cen, adv. about, nearly : wikdemna den, about

ten.
ee-om', cont. of deoijpa.
ce-or)'-pa, v. a. to roast, as com on the cob, or

as potatoes in the ashes, — dewaoqpa. See deuqpa.

ee'-pa, adj. fat, — madepa, nicepa, uijdepapi.
ce-pee'-pa, adj. red. of depa. See also demdepa.
ee-sdi', n. the dung of man or animals.
ee-sdi', v. n. to dung, — dewasdi, deyasdi.
ee-sdi'-o-sa-ka, v. n. to be foul, as a gun or

pipe-stem.
ces, conj. although. Same as kes.
ee-ska', ». the part of the breast near the collar-
bone.
ce-ski'-ea-te, n. the collar-bone, clavicle.
ce-sko'-hdo-ka, n. the hollow place in the throat

by the collar-bone.
ee-spu', n. a wart, a scab : hodeipu, fish-scales.
ee-tar)', M. the chicken-haivk, the pigeon-hawk.
ee-te', n. the bottom of a vessel.
ee-te'-ta, adv. at the bottom ; in the centre of a

lodge, near the fire.
ee-te '-ta-he-dar), n. a standing on the bottom ;

a saucer.
ce-ti', V. a. to build a fire, make a fire, — dewati,

deyati, deuijtipi.
ee-to'-"we-dar), adv. less than half full, having

a little in.
ee-to'-we-ta, adv. having a little in, as a vessel.
ee'-tu, adv. then, so much, just so.
ee-tur)'-hda, v. a. to doubt, disbelieve, — detuijwa-

hda, detuijyahda, cetui)ui)hdapi, deturidihda.
ee-tur)'-hda-ya, v. a. to cause to doubt, — cetui)-

hdawaya.
ee-um', cont. of deuijpa.
ee-ur)'-pa, v. a. to roast, as corn by the fire, or as

potatoes in the ashes, — dewavigpa.
ce'-ya, v. a. to cry, to weep, — wadeya, yadeya,

uqdeyapi; wicaceya, weeping. From this word

comes dekiya, to cry to, pray.
ee-ya'-ka, n. a dam, any thing that stops the

water. Ii)yai) ceyaka, the Little Rapids.
ee-ya'-ka-ka-ga-pi, n. a mill-dam.
ee-ya'-ka-ta, n. mint, the generic name of

mints.
ee'-ya-o-ki-ta-ta, v. to sob.
ee'-ye-kta-kta, v. to cry sobbingly, — waeeye-

ktakta.
ee-zi', n. the tongue, — midezi : deii noi)pa, double-
tongued ; dezi zata, forked-tongued.
ce-zii)', n. See ce and zii).
ei, a double pronoun in composition, including the

nom. / and the obj. thee.
ei, prep, in comp. for, with, in. This is used after

e or i in the place of ki, as the first di in amicidita,

from akita.
ci, interrog. particle. This is always used at the end

of a sentence, and has the force of demanding an

immediate answer ; as, yahikta, di, you will come,

will you ?

GIG

if

COK

ci-ca', a. rough, frizzled, curled up.

ei-6a', v. of ka ; / mean ihee.

ei-hir)'-tku, n. his or her son. See cii)hii)tku.

ei'-kei-ka-dai), adj. red. of citcadai) ; pi. cikci^a-

pidai).
ei-kei'-stiq-na, adj. red. of cistiqna ; pi. cikci-

stiqpidai).
ei'-ka-dar), adj. little, very small ; pi. ci^^apidai),

— macikadai).
ci'-ka-ye-dai), adv. small, pent up in a small

place.
ei-kor)', adv. of time. It is used after verbs and

sometimes adjectives, and marks past time, as epe

ci^oi), / said. Where tlie verb or adjective im-
mediately preceding changes a or an into e, cikoi)

is used instead of l^oi).
oil), adv. cant, of ciijka ; miye ciq, / alone.
eir), def. art. the. It is used in the place of kii),

when the verb or adjective preceding has changed

a or an into e.
eir), V. a. to desire, want, — wacii), yadiq, uq-

cii)pi.
ciri'-a-hai), conj. if. Same as ciijhai).
eir)'-ba-kse, n. a saw. See caqibakse.
6ir)-ea', n. a child ; the young of animals, a

whelp, cab, calf, foal, — micii)ca,nicii)ca, uijkidii)-

capi ; tuwe ciqca taqii) sni, whose child is not

manifest, i. e. a bastard.
eii)-ea'-ka-ga, v. to beget a child, — cii)cawa-

kaga.
eii)-ea'-ki-ei-tor), v. to bear a child to or for one,

— ciqdawecitoi), ciijcamicitoi).
cir)-ea'-tor), v. a. to have or give birth to a child,

— ciijcawator), ciijcayatoi), cii)daui)toi)pi.
cir)-ea'-ya, v. to have for a child, adopt as a

child, — diqdawaya, ciijdamayai).
cil)'-eu, n. his elder brother. See diijye.
eir)-6ur)'-kpa, adj. ivith child, pregnant ; i. q.

ihdusaka.
eir)-eur)'-tpa, adj. Same as diijcuqkpa.
eir)-hai)', conj. if when. Same as kiqhai).
eir)-hir)'-tku, n. his or her son.
eil)'-ka, adv. voluntarily : miye diijka, / myself,

without the suggestion or command of any one.
eir)'-ka, v. a. to want, desire. Same as eir), —

wadiijka.
eir)'-ka-h£ir), adv. voluntarily : iye diijkahai).
eir)-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to desire, persuade, —

diijwakiya, diijuqkiyapi.
eir)'-kpa, n. (dai) and iqkpa) buds ; a twig ; the

top of a tree, end of a stick.
cii)'-kpa-ta, adv. at the buds.
eii)-ksi', n. a son ; sometimes used for a child,
whether male or female : midiqkii, m,y son ; ui)-
kidiijkiipi, our son or our sons.

eir)-ksi'-tku, n. his or her son.

cio-ksi'-ya, v. to have for a son, be a father to

one, — diijksiwaya.
cir)S, n. son, my son ; used only when an address

is made to the person.
eil)'-tpa, V. Same as diijkpa.
eii)'-tpa-ta, adv. Same as diqkpata.
eir)-ya', v. a. to cause to desire, persuade, — dii)-

waya.
eig'-yai), adv. kitaqna diqyai) taniqyai) yaijka,

it is but just in sight. See kitai).
6ir)-ye', n. a manh elder brother, m,y elder bro-

ther. Male cousins by the father's side older than

oneself are also called dioye.
eir)-ye'-ku, n. his elder brother. Same as diqdu.
eir)-ye'-ya, v. to have for an elder brother, — dii)-

yewaya.
eirj'-yu-mni, n. an auger ; a gimblet. See

daijiyumni.
eis-eis'-tir)-na, adj. red. Same as dikdistiijna.
ei'-stil), adj. small, little.
ci'-stir)-na, adj. small, little, — madistijjna, ui)ci-

stiijpidai).
ei'-sti-ye-dai), adj. narrow, pent up, as a way.
ei'-sti-ye-dai), adv. for a little while,
CO, V. to call, invite. See kido.
CO, n. the kernel or of m^at grain, seeds, etc.
CO, intj. bang ! Said of the report of a gun.
CO. See yudo and ayudo.
6o-eo', adj. soft, as mud, opposed to tiijza and

suta ; not well cooked, i. q. spaij ^ni.
co-eo'-dar), adj. soft.

eo-eo'-ya, adv. dodoya spai), not well cooked.
eo'-dax), adj. destitute, without, not having, as

tawidu dodaq, without a wife ; bare, naked, as

sidodai), bare-footed, tai)dodaij,na^erf. Seecoka-

daq for the pronoun's place.
co'-ga, adj. not neat, slovenly. See dogeda.
eo'-ge-ea, adj. slovenly, with one's clothes not well

put on : madogeda, / am slovenly.
eo-gil)', n. the pith or core of any thing.
COYi, adv. when.

eoli-"war)'-zi-ea, n. the smaller kind of willow.
eo-ka', n. the middle. See cokaya.
eo-ka', adj. empty, without any thing : coka

wahdi, I have come home empty.
eo-ka'-dar), adj. naked, hare : taijdomakadai), /

am without clothes ; sicomakadai), I am without

shoes.
eo-ka'-dar), adv. empty, said of a cask, etc. :

dokadai) harj.
eo-ka'-hnag, cont. of dokahnaka.
eo-ka'-hnag-ya, adv. placed in the middle.

This is used by Mr. Renville for the veil of the

temple.

COK

47

dujf

co-ka'-hna-ka, v. Sec cokayahnaka.
co-ka'-ka, v. red. of coka.
eo-ka'-ka-dai), adv. red. of cokadaq.
CO-kam', adv. cont. of cokata ; in the midst.
CO-kan', adv. long ago, informer times.
6o-kan', cont. of coka and en ; cokan iyeya, to

shoot through the bowels.
eo-kai)', n. a low bottom, where are lakes or

marshes.
eo-ka'-pa, adv. in the midst.
eo-ka'-pa-tai)-har), adv. in the inside.
eo-ka'-ta, n. the middle.
co-ka'-ta, adv. in the middle, in the midst.
eo-ka'-ya, re. the middle.
eo-ka'-ya, adv. in the middle.
eo-ka'-ya-hna-ka, v. a. (cokaya and hnaka) to

place across the middle, place in the middle, — co-
kaya wahnaka.
eo-kor)', v. a. to purpose evil against, desire to

take the life of one, — cowakorj, coyakoij, c'oui)-

koi)pi, comakoi) : wacokoijpi, purposing evil

against.
eo-ku', n. the inside of the cuticle, the under side

of the skin, the thickness or stripe of the skin ;

the under part of the chin.
eo-kil)', V. a. to roast on a spit, — cowajfii), coya-

^ii), coui)t:iqpi : coljiiqpi, roasting.
com, cont. of dopa.
eo-mni', v. n. to be tired of staying, — comamni,

conimni. See also icomni.
CO-mni'-hda, v. n. to feel uneasij, become tired of

staging, — comniwahda, comniui)hdapi.
CO-mni'-hda-zi, v. n. to sigh, groan, — c'omniwa-

hdazi, comniyahdazi, c'omniurihdazipi.
com-ya', v. a. of copa ; to cause to wade, — com-

waya. See copekiya.
co-ni'-ea, n. flesh, meat of any kind ; the meat

or kernel of grain ; the wood that groivs inside

of the sap ; waconica, dried meat.
cor), for ear). See coijtarika.
eor)-eor)'-se, adv. See caijcaijse.
eor)'-ka-ske, w. a fence, an enclosure ; a fort.
eori'-kir), n. a baekload of wood.
Cor)'-kir)-ta, n. any place where they go for wood.
eoi)'-pe-ska, n. glue. The Dakotas generally

obtain it by boiling butfalo heads, and use it in

fastening on the points of their arrows.
eOQ'-sma, n. {6ax)and o4ma) dense woods, forest.
eor)'-tai)-ka, n. (caij and taijka) high wood,

groves of timber.
eor)'-te-M, n. (cai) and otehi) thick woods.'
eo-pa', V. a. to wade, go in the water, — cowapa,

coyapa, couijpapi.
eo-pe'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to wade, — c'opewa-

kiya.

COS, cont. of coza.

eos-a', adv. warmly, comfortably, — cosa maijka.

eos-co'-za, adj. red. of coza.

eos-ya', v. a. to cause to warm, — coswaya ; cosi-
^iya, to warm oneself, — cosmi^iya ; to put out to
dry, as cooked victuals ; to dry and smoke, as
meat.

COS-ya', adv. warmly.

eos-ya'-ken, adv. in a warm state.

Co'-tar)-ka, n. (c'o and tai)ka) a fife, flute, any
wind instrument.

eo-toi)', adj. (co and toi)) ripe, mature.

co'-'wa-he, n. a scaffold, such as the Indians
make to dry corn on.

eo-'WO'-he, n. the belly, lower part of the abdo-
men.

eo-'wo'-he-a-ka-lipe, re. (cowohe and akahpe)
are apron.

eo-ya', v. n. to ripen, as grain, etc.

eo-ya'-pi, re. harvest.

CO'-za, adj. warm, comfortable, used both in
regard to persons and things, as clothing,
houses, etc., — macoza, nic'oza, uijcozapi.

cu, n. dew : du ^ma, heavy deio.

eu-cu'-ste, n. the side below the ribs, the flank.

eu'-kear), n. a kind of duck.

eu-kcarj'-pa-gi, re. a duck about Ae size of a
mallard, with a grey head and ivhite breast.

eu-kcar)'-pa-sa-pa, re. a species of duck, with a
black head and neck.

6u-kcar)'-ta-hu-sa-pe-dar), v. Same as dukcan-
pasapa.

eu-kear)'-tar)-ka, n. the large species of duck
which they denominate dukcai).

cu'-mni, re. dew-drops.

eu-mni'-se, n. dew standing in drops, dew-
drops.

eu-mni'-se-se, re. dew-drops all over any thing.

cur), re. a woman's elder sister, used only with
pronouns : micui) and miduqwaye, my elder
sister ; nicui), thy elder sister.

cur)'-ku, n. her elder sister.

eur)-ksi', re. a daughter : micui)ksi, my daughter ;
nicur)ksi, thy daughter ; uijkiduriksipi, our daugh-
ters.

CUr)-ksi'-tktl, «. his or her daughter.

CUr)-ksi'-ya, t). to have for a daughter, count as
a daughter, — cuijk^iwaya.

euij'-ksu-dar), re. a little bote, such as small boys
use.

cur)-"we', re. (Ihank.) Same as dui).

eur)--we'-ku, n. (Ihank.) Same as cuijku.

curj-'we'-ya, v. (Ihank.) Same as duijkuya and
cuT)ya.

cur)-"wir)'-tku, n. his or her daughter.

CUl^

48

DEC

CUQS, n. my daughter ; used only when an

address is made to the individual.
eur)-ya', v. to have for an elder sister, — mi($U5-

waya, curjkuyaya.
CU-pe', n. marrow.

eu-sni', adj. cool, as dewy mornings and even-
ings.
eu-Sta'-ka, adj. damp, dewy, wet.
cu-te', n. the side under the arm, pleura ; cute

pahdoka, to make holes in one^s flesh, as one in

mourning.
eu-ti'-cir), v. to carry at the side or under the arm,

as a powder-horn or shot-pouch, strapped over

the shoulder and coming down under the arm.
cu-ti'-ki-eii), v. pos. of duti<Jii).
CU-tu'-hu, n. a rib, the ribs.
eu-'Wi', n. the side, pleura : cuwi mayazai), my

side aches.
eu-Avi'-hu, n. the ribs.
cu-wi'-pa-ha, n. the prominent part of the side

beloiD the arms.
eu'-'wi-ta, adj. cold, feeling cold, used only of

living things, — macuwita, niduwita, uijcuwitapi.
eu'-ya, v. a. to cause dew, — cuwaya.

6, the fourth letter of the Dakota alphabet. It has
the peculiar or click sound of c, which is made
by pressing the end of the tongue against the
palate, and at the moment of separation making
the sound of Eng. ch.

ca, conj. and. Same as \sl.

ea, V. of \a, ; to dig. See ki^a.

ee-har), adv. when. Same as ^ehai).

^es, conj. although. Same as \eL

ee'-yas, conj. even if, although. Same as Ijeyas.

D.

d, the fifth letter of the Dakota alphabet.

da, V. a. to form an opinion of, whether good or

bad ; to think of or esteem in any manner, — wada,

yada, ui)dapi. It is used often with waste and

sica, as waste wada.
da, V. a. to ask, demand, — wada, yada, ui)dapi ;

kida, to ask of one.
da, V. 2d pere. sing, of ya, to go ; thou, goest.
da-ka', v. a, to have an opinion of, whether good

or bad. Same as da.
da-ka'-es, adv. Same as nakaes. Not much

used.
da-kar)'-nor), v. 2d pers. sing. ; thou art. PL,

dakai)noi)pi. It is a defective verb, these being

the oi^ly forms in use.

da-kon', cont. of dakota.

da-kon'-ki-ei-ya-pi, n. alliance, friendship;
dakonkiciya yakoqpi, they are in alliance.

da-kon '-ya, v. a. to be friendly with, to have for
a friend, — dakonwaya, dakonuqyaijpi.

da-ko'-ta, adj. feeling affection for, friendly ;
wadakota ^ni, unfeeling, without natural affec-
tion,

Da-ko'-ta, n. p. the name of the Sioux Indians.
They are divided into seven principal divisions, —
Mdewakai)toi)wai)s, Wahpetoijwaijs, Wahpeku-
tes, Sisitoijwaijs, Ihai)ktoi)wai)s, Ihaqktojjwaijnas,
and Titoijwaijs, — Damakota, Danikota, Daui)ko-
tapi, Dawicakota.

dam-ya', adv. stiffly or thickly, as in making
mush ; opposed to hdaheya : damya ecor), to
make thick or stiff.

dari, a diminutive termination of pronouns, nouns,
adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. It is often
changed to na, which is in common use in the
Sisitoijwai) and Ihaijktoijwai) dialects. When
suffixed to numeral adjectives, demonstrative pro-
nouns, and adverbs, it signifies only ; as waijii-
dai), only one ; denana, only these ; dehaijna, only
so far. See Grammar, in the chapter on Nouns.

da'-pa, adj. sticky, adhesive, as clay ; thick, stiff,
as mud.

da-za'-ta, adv. back of, back from ; i. q. heyata.

da-za'-tari-hai), orfw. hack from, out from.

de, pron. dem. this ; pi. dena, these.

de, v. a. to go after ; to cut or procure, as fire-
wood. See caride.

de'-ea, adv. such as this.

de-ca'-ki-eor), v. a. to do thui to, — decawecoij,
decayecoi], decauqkicoqpi. See ecakicoi).

de-ca'-ki-oi), v. a. to do this to, — decawakioi).

de'-ee-ea, adv. like this, as, such as ; pi. dece-
dapi : demaceda, / am such as this.

de-ee'-dar), adv. (de and ededai)) this alone.

de'-ee-kee-ca, adv. red. of dedeca ; such as
these.

de'-ce-kcen, adv. red. of decen.

de'-ee-keen-ya, adv. red. of decenya.

de'-een, adv. so, thus, after this manner.

de'-een-ya, adv. so, thus.

de'-ce-tu, adv. thus, so ; right, this is right.

de'-ce-tu-ken, adv. in this manner.

de'-ci, adv. here, in this place.

de'-ci-ya, adv. here, about here.

de'-ei-ya-taq, adv. from this.

de'-ei-ya-tar)-har), adv. from this place, on this
side.

de-ci'-yo-tar), adv. in this direction.

de-ei'-yo-tar)-har), adv. in this direction, this
icay. Not much used.

DEC

49

DOY

de'-eoi), V. a. (de and ecoij) to do this, act in this

way, — decamoi), dec'anoi], decoqkoijpi.
de'-e, this is it. This word, and also hee and ee,

contain tlie substantive verb.
de'-ga, adj. loose, swinging. See dehdega.
de-ha', v. 2d pers. sing, of deya.
de-Jian', adv. at this place, here ; at this time,

to-day, now,
de-han'-hai)-ke-ea, adv. red. of dehaijkeca.
de-han'-har)-na, adv. red. of dehagna.
de-har)'-har)-yar), adv. red. of dehaijyai).
de-har)'-ke-ea, adv. so long, so high.
de-hai)'-na, adv. thus far; now, just now, im-
mediately, suddenly.
de-har)'-na-hir), adv. just now, very lately.
de-har)'-tag-hai), adv. from this, i. q. detaqbaq.
de-hag'-tu, adv. to this, thus far ; now.
de-hag'-tu-Mi), adv. just so far, just now.
de-hari'-tu-ken, adv. just so far, in this way ;

just now.
de-har)'-tu-ya, adv. to this extent, on this wise.
de-harj'-tu-ya-ken, adv. just now, on this wise.
de-har)'-yag, adv. so far, in space ; so long, in

time.
de-he'-tu-ya, adv. just the tims, i. q, iyebaqtu.
deh-de'-ga, adj. red. of dega ; loose, wrinkled,

flabby ; Tpuffed out.
de-ksi', n. mother's brother, uncle, my uncle. It is

not applied to one's father's brothers, who are

called ate : nideksi, thy uncle.
de-ksi'-tku, n, his or her uncle.
de-ksi'-ya, v. to have for uncle, call uncle, — de-

ksiwaya, dek^imayaij.
de-kta'-ya, v. a. to have no regard for, to be dis-
satisfy with ; i. q. ciqsni and aktasni, — dekta-

waya.
dem-de'-pa, adj. notched.
den, adv. here, in this place.
de-na', pron. pi. of de ; these.
de-nag'-na-ke-ea, adv. red. of denakec'a.
de-na'-ke-ea, adv. so many : demanakeca, / am

so many ; deuijnakecapi, we are so many.
de-na'-ke-seh, adv. all these, so many.
de-na'-na, adv. only so many, so few ; pi. dena-

naijpidaij.
de-na'-os, adv. these turn, both these : denaosnana,

only these two.
de-na'-o-za, adv. both these.
de-ni'-os, adv. See denaoza.
de-ni'-yos, adv. See denaoza.
de-pa', V. 1st pers. sing, of deya ; / said this.
de-pea', v. 1st pers. sing, (de and epca) / thought

this. No other forms in use.
de-peh', n. a leper. Introduced from the English.
des-de'-za, v. n. red. of deia ; to Urinate often.
1

de-tar) '-har), adv. from this place, from here,
hence: demaXaTjhar), I am from this place ; deni-
tar)hai), thou art from here ; from this time,
henceforth, hence.

de'-tu, adv. (de and etu) to this, at this place or
time ; hither, here ; hitherto, now.

de'-tu-Mr)-ca, adv. just here.

de'-tu-ya, adv. here.

de'-ya, v. (de and eya) to say this,—dep&, deha.

de'-za, V. a. to urinate, — wadeia, uijdeiapi.

de'-za, n. urine, chamber-ley ; wicadeia, urine,
the bladder of a person ; tadeia, the bladder of
an animal.

di-di'-ta, adj. very warm, hot ; said of the tem-
perature of the weather, of a house, etc.

di-di'-ta-hda, v. n. to become very warm ; to re-
gard as hot, — diditawahda.

do, a particle, used at the end of a phrase or sen-
tence, for the sake of euphony or emphasis, as
waste do : ' do ' is used by the men alone ; the
women say ' ye.'

do, adj. soft, tender, moist, as fresh meat, etc. ;
opposed to saka, dried. See ta.do, fresh meat.

do, n. food.

do-cir)', V. to want food, have an appetite.

do-eir)'-pi, n. appetite.

do-do', adj. red. of do ; soft, damp, fresh.

do-dom'-ya, adv. tenderly, very tender ; said of
meat well cooked : dodomya ^pag, cooked tender.

do-do'-pa, adj. soft, miry.

do-do'-pa, n. a miry place.

do-hde'-ska, n. the gullet, oesophagus.

do-lie', n. the parts of the cheeks and throat which
are loose and not fastened to the bones.

do-ksi', n. the arm-pit : doksi ka^e, to chafe under
the arm, as a tight coat.

do-ksig'-ea, n. a mink, Mustela lutraola.

dom-ya', adv. domya ^pag. See dodomya.

do'-pa, adj. soft, miry. See dodopa.

do'-pa, V. n. to mire. See dodopa, kadopa, etc.

do-te', n. food.

do-te', n. the throat, the whole forepart of the
neck.

do-te'-hbe-za, n. the windpipe, trachea.

do-ti'-cir), n. See idoti(Jii).

do-tku', n. the throat, especially of animals ; tJie
part immediately under the jaw.

dot-o'-pi-ye, n. (dote and opiye) a granary,
pantry.

do-war)', v. n. to sing, — wadowai), yadowaq.

do-"war)', n. a song, hymn, — mitadowaq. See
odowaq.

do-"war)'-pi, n. hymns ; singing.

do-ya', adj. moist, not dry, fresh, as meat.

do-ya'-ke, adj. fresh, not dried.

DOY

50

ECE

do-ya'-ken, adv. in a moist condition.
du-kar)'-pi, v. 2d pers. pi. of yukaij ; you are.
dim, cont. of duta.
dun-ya', v. a. to color red or scarlet, — dunwaya,

dunyaya.
Axis, adv. swiftly: Am ja., to go fast, — dus mda.
dus-du'-za-hai), v. red. of duzahaij.
dus-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to he swift.
dus-ya', v. to make swift, — duswaya.
du'-ta, adj. red, scarlet.

du'-za, V. 2d pers. sing, of yuza ; thou holdest.
du'-za-har), v. n. to be swift, fast running, — wa-

duzahai), yaduzahai), uijduzahaijpi.

E.

e, the sixth letter of the Dakota alphabet, with the

long sound of English a, as in late, fate, etc.
e, an inseparable preposition or prefix.

1. Prefixed to verbs it commonly signifies, to, at,

and is equivalent to ekta, as eehpeya, to
throw away at a place.

2. Of some verbs commencing with i, it makes

a collective plural form : as, inaiii), he
stands, enazii), they stand ; iyaya, he has
gone, eyaya, they have gone.

e, intj. ah ! well ! said when one misses his mark
in shooting.

e, a particle, used commonly after the sign of the
future t«nse, when it is followed by a statement
of the cause of what precedes, as, tariyai) yaui)
kta e heoij hecamoi), / have done this that it
might he well with thee. It also occurs in hee
and dee, and seems to have the force of the sub-
stantive verb.

e-ea', adv. when. See remarks under ' ca.' It
is also used, as in the cases which follow, to give
emphasis.

e-ca', adv. permanently, as eca waui).

e-ca', adv. at random, not truly : eca hecoijka,
he did it in fun ; eca hepeca, I said it in sport.

e-ea'-ca, adv. at all, by any means, so, entirely ;
with sni following, not at all : ecaca yuhe kte
sni, he will not have it at all ; ecada hi sni, he
did not come at all.

e-ca'-ea-dar), adv. red. of ec'adai) ; soon, referring
to more than one event.

e-ea'-ea-ka-es, adv. indeed.

e-ea'-dar), adv. soon.

e-6a'-dar)-hir), adv. very soon.

e-ca'-e-corj-ka, v. n. to follow, as a business ; to
pretend ; to do as one likes, — ecaecamoi)ka.

e-ea'-es, adv. indeed, truly.

e-ea'-har)-ke-ya, adv. immediately, immediately
after, at that time, continuously.

e-ea'-he-eor)-ka, v. to feign, pretend ; not to do,

— edahecamoijka, ec'ahecanoijka.
e-cah', adv. indeed, truly. See edahe.
e-ca'-haij, v. a. to kill ; i. q. kte : ahi edahai),

to come and kill one, as a war party does, — eda-

wahai), edaui)lar)pi.
e-ea'-he, adv. indeed, truly, expressing impa-
tience.
e-ea'-Mr), adv. truly.
e-eah'-tii), adv. (Sisit.) indeed.
e-ea'-i-ei-ze-har), adv. often. See izehaij.
e-ea'-ka-es, adv. at any rate.
e-ea'-ka-tir), adv. directly.
e-ea'-ka-tir)-yar), adv. directly, straightforward,

without stoppage.
e-ea'-ken, adv. generally.
e-ea'-ken-es, adv. at any rate.
e-ea'-ki-ei-eor)-pi, v. pi. they do to each other.
e-ea'-ki-eoi), v. of ecoi) ; to do to one, — edawe-

doi), ecayecoi), edau^kicoiipi, edadicoi), edami-

yedoq.
e-ca'-ki-or), v. of edoij ; to do to ; edakidoi) is

the better form, — edawakioi), edayakioi), edaui)-

kioi]pi, edamioi), edanior).
e-ca'-mna, adj. having smell or taste, fragrant,

savory.
e-6ar)'-kir), v. a. to think so of, form an opinion

of one, — edaqwakiri, edai)yakir), edaijuijkiijpi,

edaijdidii) : edaijmayakir), thou thinkesi so of me.
e-ea'-or), v. to do to one, — edawaoi), edayaoi).
e-ea'-o-"war)-ca-ya, adv. all over.
e-ea'-o-"wa-sir), adv. all, emphatically.
e-ca'-o-ya-ke-ya, adv. telling, in the manner of

relating.
e-eas', adv. indeed. Same as edaes.
e'-ea-ta, v. to draw a bow, — ewakata, eyakata,

euijkatapi.
e-ca'-'wl-ci-sni-yai), adv. wrongly, entirely

wrong.
e-ca'-yar)-ke-ea, v. n. to remain in one place, —

edamaijkeca, edauijkaripika.
e-ea'-yar)-ke-ea, n. something permanent, a fix-
ture.
e-6a'-yu-M, n. something that is all over buboes,

as a toad.
e-ee', adv. only, usually, always : koska ece,

young men alone ; dehan waiusteda yukai) ede,

at this time there are usually strawberries;

maga^u eda maka spaya ece, when it rains the

ground is always wet.
e-6e'-ea, adv. thus, so.
e-ee'-ca, v. n. to be so, be affected with, as with a

cold or disease of any kind ; to be like, — emadeca,

enideda, uijkededapi.
e-ee'-ea-ke, adv. just so, even so, that alone.

ECE

51

EHA

e-ee'-ce-dar), adv. red. of ecedaij.

e'-ee-dar), adv. only, alone, without any thing

extraneous.
e'-ee-dar)-ya, v. a. to purify, take away every

thing extraneous, — ecedaqwaya.
e-ce'-e-dai), adv. only, that only.
e-ee'-hna, adv. just so, without alteration or

change : ecelina hai), remaining just so.
e-ee'-hna-hna, v. red. of ecehna.
e-ee'-hna-na, adv. only so, just so, nothing more.
e-6eYi.',adv. times; well: topaeceB. topa,/oMrii»ies

four ; edeli tuka oe, well, so it is, said when one

is badly off for some particular thing, although

well off in most respects.
e-ce'-kcen, adv. red. of ecen ; in this manner or

way ; so and so, thus and thus.
e-ee'-keen-ya, adv. thus and thus.
e-een', adv. so, thus, as it was, as it ought to be :

eden icu, to place as it was ; tiyopa ecen icu,

shut the door.
e-ees', intj. of unwillingness.
e'-ce-ti, v. (ekta and ceti) to build a fire to or

at, — ecewati, eceyati, eceuijtipi.
e-ee'-tu, adv. so, thus ; just, right.
e-ee'-tu, v. n. to be accomplished or fulfilled. From

this are formed ekicidetu, ekic'etu, yuecetu, etc.
e-ee'-tu-ki-ya, v. a. to make so, to accomplish,

fulfil, — ecetuwakiya.
. e-ee'-tu-ya, v. a. to fulfil, accomplish, bring

about, — edetuwaya, edetuyaya, ecetuui3yai)pi.
e-ee'-'wa-kta, v. to attend to, to pursue such a

course ; to be accustomed to, — edewawakta, ece-

wayakta, edewauijktapi.
e-ee'-"wiri, adv. very much ; i. q. ota : edewiij

maya^u, thou hast given me much. See icewii).
e-ee'-'wiij-yar), adv. bountifully, liberally.
e-ce'-ye-dar), adv. only so.
e-ei'-ei-ya, v. of ediya ; / say to thee,
e-cii)', V. n. to think, suppose, — edaqmi, ecaijni, •

ur)kedii)pi.
e-eir)', adv. to-day, soon, now, always referring to

the future ; then indeed.
e-cir)'-e-sta, adv. even to-day, by and by.
e-eir)'-ka, v. Same as eciij ; to think, to hesitate

or waver in one's opinions, — edaijmika.
e-eir)'-kta, adv. falsely, not truly : ediijkta eya,

to tell what is not so.
e-eir) '-na-ke-6ir)-har), adv. soon, presently, in a

little while.
e-6ir)'-sni, adj. thoughtless, foolish, vain.
e-eir)'-siii-yar), adv. thoughtlessly, foolishly,

wrong : ediijsniyai) edamoq, / have done fool-
ishly.
e-eir) '-to, adv. what of it ? The ' to ' is probably

a contraction of tokeda.

e'-ei-pa, v. n. of akipa ; to meet together, as two

ends of any thing, or as two armies in battle,

— edipapi.
e'-ci-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to meet together, as the

two ends of any thing, — ecipewaya.
e'-ei-ptaq, adv. of akiptai) ; together : ediptai)

edoijkupi, we do it together.
e'-ei-ta-pa, adj. agreeing with each other, fitted

to, all of the same length.
e'-ei-to-o-pta, adv. in the direction of, by any

thing.
e'-ci-to-o-pte-ya, adv. directly by, in the direc-
tion of.
e-ei'-ya, v. a. of eya ; to say to one, — ewakiya,

eyakiya, uijkekiyapi, emakiya, eniciya, edidiya^

emayakiya ; nqkekiciyapi, we say to each other.
e-ei'-ya-pi, v. 3d pers. pi. of ediya; also part.,

called, named : heden ediyapi, he is so called.
e-ei'-ya-tai), adv. from, thence, hence.
e-ei'-ya-tar)-hai), adv. from, of, on account of,

concerning, hence.
e'-ci-yu-pta, v. of ayupta ; to answer one another ;

i. q. akidiyuptapi : ediuriyuptapi, we answer one

another.
e-eor)', v. a. to do, to work, — edamoi), edanoi),

edoijkupi and edoijkoijpi. Of this are formed

edakidor), edakididoi), and edakioi).
e-eor)'-ka-p'ir), v. to be tired of doing, not to

want to do, — edoijwakap'ig, edo^uijkap'i^ipi. See

kap'ii).
e-eor)'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to do any thing, —
e-cor)'-na, v. dim. of edoi).
e-cor)'-na, v. n. to gamble, play where any thing

is staked, — ecamoijna, edanoijna, edoijkupidai).
e-eor)'-pi-ea, f. it can be done, is possible. Pica,

when joined to verbs, denotes possibility.
e-cor)'-pi-ea-ka, v. it is possible : edoripica sni,

it is not possible, cannot be done.
e-eor)'-pi-dar), n. gambling. See oedoijna.
e'-e, V. it is, that is. This, with hee, dee, etc.,

includes the substantive verb.
e'-e-ea-hai), v. See edahai).
e'-e-hpe-ki-ya, v. a. to take to and leave at, to

throw away at, — e'ehpewakiya.
e'-e-tpe-ya, v. a. to take to and leave, — eehpe-

waya.
e-e'-ki-ya, v. a. to substitute for, put for ano-
ther ; to regard as being something : taku samya

wai)ke dii) he tataijka eewakiya, that black thing

I take to be a buffalo.
e-es', adv. indeed. John i. 60.
e-ha'-es, adv. indeed, truly. ^

e-ha'-ha, v. red. 2d pers. of eya.
e-ha'-ha-dai)-ka, v. 2d pers. of eyayadagka ;

you donH say so. A bye word.

EHA

52

EKI

e-ha'-ke, adv. yet, yet to come : ehake wa^iidai),
one yet.

e-ha'-ke, n. the last one.

e-ha'-ke-dar), n. the last.

e-ha'-ke-dar), adv. yet a little while.

e-ha'-ke-dai)-ka-se, adv. a little more, yet a
little.

e-ha'-ke-darj-ke-clg-hai), adv. soon.

e-h.ar)', adv. then, at that time: he ehai), at that
time, referring to past time alone ; — there, at that
place, to, thus far : ehai) wai, / have been there ;
ehaij uijkipi, we have been there.

e-hai)', intj. of assent ; oh yes ! yes ; i. q. hai).
The last syllable is prolonged.

e-har)'-kor), ac^t/. indeed. This word is used when
one is informed or convinced of something which
he has doubted or disbelieved, or has been igno-
rant of. It is sometimes followed by hui)^te, as
ehaij^oq wic'akapi huij^te, well, that is true.

e-hap'-na, adv. long ago.

e-har)'-na-tar)-har), adv. from a long tims ago.

e-har)'-tar)-har), adv. from, from that time or
place : hipi Mh ehaqtaijhai) yamni <iai), it is three
days since they came.

e-h.ar)'-tu, adv. at that time.

e-har)'-tu-dar), adv. then.

e-haq'-tu-daij-Mr), adv. just then.

e'-hda-ku, v. pos. of eyaku ; to take up again,
take back again ; to take up one's own, — 6wa-
hdaku, eyahdaku, eughdakupi.

e'-hde, v. a. to place, set or make stand in a place,
— ewahde, eyahde, eur)hdepi.

fe'-hde-ga, v. to overtake, — ewahdega, eyahde-
ga.

e'-hdu-za, v. pos. of eyuza ; to overtake and take
one's own ; to retaliate, — ewahduza.

e-h.e'-daq, v. dim. of eha ; thou saidst so. Used
when speaking to a child.

e-h.e'-dai), intj. thou sayest so. A bye word.

d'-hna, prep, with, in, amongst, through, in the
midst of: wicehna, amongst them.

e'-hnag, cont. of ehnaka ; 6hnag aya, to take and
lay away.

e'-hna-hna, prep. red. of ehna.

e'-hna-ka, v. a. to lay down or place; to lay
away, to put off or delay ; to stop from, let rest,
lay aside, as some matter of business, — 6wahnaka,
6uqhnakapi, and uqkehnakapi.

e'-hna-na, adv. amongst.

e'-Ra, v. a. of ha ; to take to and bury at a place,
— ewaha.

e-hpa'-ya, v. n. See ihpaya, the better ortho-
graphy.

e-hpe'-ki-oi-ci-ya-pi, n. throwing each other
away, divorcement.

e-hpe'-ki-ci-ya, v. taku elpekieiya aku, they

throw away things as they return.
e-hpe'-ki-ysi, v. a. pos. of ehpeya; to throw

away, forsake, leave one's own: winohiqcaehpe-

kiya, he has put away his wife, — elpewakiya,

ehpeui)kiyapi.
e-lipe'-ya, v. a. to throw away, put aside, leave,
forsake : toki ehpeya, to lose any thing, — ehpe-

waya, ehpeu^yaripi.
e-Ma'-ka-dai), intj. indeed !
e-Ma'-ka-des, intj. indeed !
e-Ma'-ka-es, intj. indeed !
e'-i-hda-ku, v. reflex, of ehdaku ; to take away or

deliver oneself, — emihdaku, enihdaku.
e'-ka-ta, v. to put the arrow to the string, draw

the bow, — ewakata, eyakata, eujjkatapi. See

6cata, which is more correct.
e-ki'-ce-tu, v. n. pos. of edetu ; to recover, become

as 6e/'or«,^-€makicetu, enikicetu, eui)kicetupi.
e-ki'-oe-tu-ya, v. a. to cause to recover, make

right again ; to restore, raise up from the dead,

— ekicetuwaya, ekicetuyaya, ekicetuuijyaijpi.
e-ki'-6i-6e-tu, v. n. to become as before to or for

one, — emicicetu, enicidetu, eui)kic'icetupi.
e'-ki-ci-hda-ku, v. pos. to take one's own from

another ; to take away what one has given, — ewe-

cUidaku, 6yecihdaku, 6ui)kidihdakupi, emicihda-

kupi.
e'-ki-ci-hde, v. of ehde; to place for one, — eweci-

hde, eyecihde, 6ui)kidihdepi.
e'-ki-ei-hdu-za, v. of 6hduza ; to take one's own

from another ; to retaliate, — 6wecihduza.
e'-kl-ei-hna-ka, v. of ehnaka ; to lay away for

one, put away and keep for one, — ewecihnaka,

6yecihnaka, 6ui)ki($ihnakapi, femicihnaka.
e'-ki-ci-or)-pa, v. of 6oi)pa ; to place or set as a

trap /or any thing, — fewedioigpa, eyedioi)pa, 6ui)-

kicioijpapi.
e'-ki-ei-pa, v. of akipa ; to meet, launch out to, —

6wedipa, euijkidipapi.
e'-ki-ei-pa-zo, v. of epazo ; to point to for one,

— 6wecipazo, eyedipazo, 6ui)kidipazopi.
e-ki'-ei-ya, v. used only in the dual and plural :

ekidiyapi, they said to each other; uqkekiciya,

we two say to each other. See ediya.
e'-ki-ei-ya-ku, v. of eyaku ; to take from one,

— eweciyaku, eyediyaku, eu^kidiyakupi.
e'-ki-ei-zu, v. of eiu ; to pile up for one ; to

hand over to another, as to one who wins in

gambling, — ewediiu, 6uj)kidizupi.
e'-kl-hde, v. pos. of ehde ; to place or lay away

one's own, — 6wehde, eyehde, euijkihdepi.
e'-ki-hde-ga, v. to overtake one, — ewehdega,

6yehdega, 6ui)kihdegapi, 6dihdega, 6mihdega,

enihdega ; ewicuijkihdegapi, we overtake ihtm.

BKI

68

EYA

e'-kl-hna-ka, v. pos. of ehnaka; to lay away
one's own, — ewehnaka, euqkilinakapi.

e'-ki-pa-zo, v. of epazo ; to show to one, point to
for one, — ewakipazo, eyakipazo, euijkipazopi,
emakipazo.

e'-kna, prep. (Ihank.) Same as ehna.

e'-kna-ka, v. (Ihank.) Same as ehnaka.

e-kta', prep, at, to : ekta mde kta, / will go to.

e-kta'-kl-ya, adv. to, towards.

e-kta'-kta, prep. red. of ekta.

e-kta'-sni-yar), adv. not according to.

e-ke', compound rel. pron. that which, that itself,
even that. It refers to some person or thing
before mentioned.

e-kes', pron. Same as eke.

en, prep, in, at, to, of, or concerning : en ai, to
charge upon one, lay to ori^s charge ; en au, to
bring upon one ; en aya, to lay to cne^s charge ;
en amda, / take to or charge upon one.

e-na'-ki-ya, v. a. to finish, quit, cease from, —
enawakiya, enaugkiyapi.

e-na'-na, adv. here and there.

e-na'-na-ki-ya, adv. scattered, here and there :
enanakiya iyayapi.

e'-nar)-pa, v. See enapa.

e'-na-pa, v. col. pi. of inapa ; they come in sight.

e'-na-pe-ya, adv. coming in sight, coming out of.

e'-na-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to come in sight ;
to cause to come out, bring forward ; to speak
audibly, tell, relate, make known, — enapewaya,
enapeyaya, enapeui)ya]gpi ; ho enapeye ^ni, he
does not make his voice heard.

e'-na-zii), v. n. to stand at a place, — enauijiiijpi.

e'-na-zii), v. n. col. pi. of inaziq ; they stand
there.

e'-na-ziri-ya, v. a. to cause to stand at ; to bring
to a stand, as one following deer, when he over-
takes it, — enaziijwaya.

e-ni'-ci-oi-ya, adv. scattered abroad ; i. q. ena-
nakiya.

e-ni'-ei-ya, v. of eciya ; he says to thee.

e'-O-ka-sil), v. See 6yokasii), the better ortho-
graphy.

e'-or)-pa, v. a. to place, lay, to set as a trap, —
ewao^pa, eyaoi)pa, euq^ioijpapi.

e-pa', V. 1st pers. sing, of eya ; / said.

e'-pa-hpa, v. a. to take to and lay down at, —
ewapahpa, eyapahpa, euqpahpapi.

e-pa'-pa, v. red. of epa.

e'-pa-zo, V. a. to point at, point to, — ewapazo,
eyapazo, euijpazopi.

e-pea', I'. 1st. pers. sing. / think: epce ci^oij, /
thought. This is the only person used. See
hepca and kepca.

e-pea'-ken, adv. as I think.

e-pee'-ea, v. I think so. See epcJa.

e-pe'-dai), v, dim. of epa.

e-pe'-dai), intj. I said so, I told you so,

es, particle. John xi. 66.

e-sta', conj. though, although, even if: hecamoij
esta wadte kte ini, although I should do that, it
would not be well. It is used singularly in some
phraees, as maya^^u e^ta ini, why don't you give
it to me ? maya^fu ^ni e^ta ^ni, thou needest not
give it to me ; mal^u toi esta kta, do not give it
to me.

e-stai)'-hai), conj. although : hi esta^hai) sdon-
waye ^ni, although he has come I do not know it.

e-stas', intj. indeed !

e-tar)'-har), prep, from, on account of, concern-
ing.

e-ta'-pa, n. the right hand, — ematapa and mieta-
pa, enitapa and nietapa : etapa ediyataijhai), at
the right hand ; ta^ etapata^hai), at the right
side.

e-ta'-pa, adj. right-handed, — ematapa, enitapa,
eui)tapapi.

e-ta'-pa-tar)-h£Li), adj. at the right hand of, —
ematapataijhai).

e'-ti, V. a. to encamp at, pitch a tent at, — ewati,
eyati, euijtipi.

e'-tki-ya, adv. towards : etkiya ya, to go towards,
to make a motion to go towards.

e'-tor)-"war(, v. a. to look to or towards, — ewa-
toijwai), eyatoqwai), eui)tor)war)pi, ^matoqwag.

e-to'-O-pta, adv. in the direction of, through or
by an object, straight through without stopping.

e-to'-o-pte-ya, adv. by, through, straight through.

e-to'-O-pte-ya-ken, adv. in the direction of, by.

e-to'-pte-ya, adv. by, towards, through.

e'-tu, adv. to, at, in : he etu, at that place.

e'-ur), V. to go and dwell or be, — ewaui), 6yaur).

e'-'wa-eii), v. a. to think of or concerning ; to set
the mind to, turn the attention to, — ewadagmi,
ewacaijni, ewauijcigpi.

e'-'waQ-ka, v. a. to go and sleep at, — emurika,
enuijka. Not often used in the singular.

e'-Avar)-ka, v. col. pi. of iwaqka.

e'-ySL, adv. also, too: rmi eja, I also.

e'-ya, v. to say any thing, — epa, eha, uqkeyapi,
ehapi, eyapi. From this come heya, keya, eciya,
ekiciya, and eyaya.

e'-ya-ea-stOQ, v. to give a name to. See ca^toq.

e'-ya-har), v. col. pi, of iyahaq.

e'-ya-he, v. Same as 6yahai).

e'-ya-hir)-hda, v. to commence or burst out say-
ing.

e'-ya-ke, adv. also, too.

e'-ya-ku, v. a. to take up, take away, — emdaku,
edaku, euqyakupi.

EYA

54

GOP

e'-ya-ni-yar), v. to cry out, to say calUnff out.
e'-yai)-pa-ha, v. to herald, proclaim aloud ; to

stand out and make a speech in camp, — 6ya;)wa-

paha, eyagyapaha, eyaijuijpahapi.
e'-yai)-pa-ha, n. a crier, herald, one who pro-
claims the decisions of councils.
e'-ya-pa-to, v. n. to strike against one, butt

against, — eyamapato, eyanipato, eyauijpatopi.
e-ya'-ya, v. red. of eya ; to say often, repeat, —

epapa, ehaha, mkeyayapi.
e'-ya-ya, v. a. to take or have taken with one, —

emdamde, edade, euijyayapi : makeyaya, he has

taken away something of mine. See keyaya.
e'-ya-ya, v. col. pi. of iyaya ; they have gone.
e'-yo-ka-kii), v. a. to look round into, as in at a

door partly open, — eyowakakii), eyouijkakigpi.
e'-yo-ka-sir), v. a. to peep in, as at a key-hole ;

to look in by stealth, — eyowakasig, eyouijkasiripi.
e'-yu-hpa, v. a. to take and lay down at, to

take off one's pack and rest at, — emduhpa.
e'-yu-kar), v. col. pi. they go and stay. Same as

iyukaijpi.
e'-yu-za, v. a. to go and take at, seize and hold

at or on the way ; to hold to or at, — 6mduza.
e-ze', intj. expressing surprise and unbelief.
e'-zu, V. a. to pile up, lay up in a pile, — 6wazu.
e'-zu-pl, j>ar<. piled up.

G.

g, the seventh letter of the Dakota alphabet. It has
the sound of g in good, glad, etc. It occurs in
the Dakota language only at the end of a syl-
lable, and as a contraction of ka, except in the
Titoijwar) dialect, where gl is used in the place of
hd and hn of the Wahpetoi)wai) and kd and kn
of the Ihar)ktoi)waij dialects.

gla, V. n. to go to one''s home, — wagla. Same as
Jida.

gla'-"wa, V. a. to read one^s own, — waglawa.
Same as hdawa.

gll, V. n. to come home, — wagli. Same as hdi.

gli-eu', V. n. to start to come home, — waglidu.
Same as hdicu.

gli-gla', V. n. to pass on going home, — wagligla.
Same as hnihda.

glo-gla', V. a. to carry back home, — waglogla.
Same as hdohda.

glo-gli,' V. a. to bri)%g back home, — waglogli.
Same as hdohdi.

glu-kcai)', V. a. to farm an opinion of what con-
cerns oneself, — waglukcai). Same as hduko'ai).

Note. — These words are only given as examples
of this peculiarity of the Titoi)waq dialect.

G.

g, the eighth letter of the Dakota alpihabet. It repre-
sents a deep sonant guttural.

ga. See ynga.

ga-hag', adj. great, loud, harsh, or rough, as the
voice : ho magahai), my voice is rough.

ga-he'-da, adj. harsh, rough, loud, as the voice,
— magaheca.

gam, cont. of gapa.

gar), (w?/. open, full of little holes.

garj-gai)', adj. open, as thin cloth.

gai)-gar)'-na, adj. thin, open, full of small holes.

gar)-gar)'-ye-dar), adj. very sharp and thin, as
the blade orbit of an axe : gai)gai)yedai) yumafl,
to grind sharp and thin.

gar)-ga'-ta, adj. forked, pronged ; open, as cloth.

gar)-ge'-ea, n. dandruff. See giqgirjca.

ga'-pa. See yugapa.

ga-pa'-vra-hai), part, stripped off, come off of
itself. See yugapa.

ga'-ta, adj. forked, pronged : tahiijca he yamni
gata, a deer's horns have three prongs.

ge'-ea. See gugeca.

ge-ge'-ya, v. n. to swing, as one's arms, like a
drunken man, — gegei^Jiya.

ge-ge'-ya, adv. swinging, dangling.

gi, adj. brown, dark gray, rusty -looking.

gi-gi', adj. red. of gi ; brown, rusty.

gi-gi', n. rust.

gi-gi'-tar)-ka, n. oranges, lemons.

gir)'-ea, v. n. to snivel, grunt, sob, — ^wagiijca, ya-
giijca, uijgiricapi.

gir)-gir)'-ea, n. dross ; quicksilver of looking-
glasses ; pa gingiijca, dandruff (see hegii)ca) ;
mahpi girigiqca, certain webs, like spiders' webs,
which are seen floating in the air in the fall of
the year.

gir)-gir)'-ea, adj. smoky, hazy, as Indian summer.

gi-tka', adj. brownish.

gi-tka'-dai), adj. a little brownish.

gi-tka'-tka, adj. red. of gitka ; reddish, brownish,
or yellowish.

gi-ya', V. a. to make brown, — giwaya, giyaya, gi-
ui)yar)pi ; gii^iya, to make oneself brown, — gimi-

gi-ya', adv. brownly : giya spai), cooked brovm.
gom-gom.', cont. of gomgopa : gomgom niya, to

breathe with difficulty, as one snoring.
gom-go'-pa, V. red. of gopa.
gom'-ya, adv. in a snoring manner.
gOQ'-ga, adj. ista goqga, bli7td, one blind, — i^ta

magoi)ga, i^ta nigoijga, i^ta uijgoijgapi.
go'-pa, V. n. to snore, — wagopa, yagopa, uijgo-

papi.

GU

65

HA^

gu, V. n. to bum, singe, scorch, be burnt, — ^magu,

nigu, uqgupi.
gu-ge'-ca, w. the soft, spongy part of bones in

whicli there is oil.
gu-gu', V. red. of gu ; to be burnt in several places.
gu-gu'-ya, V. red. of guya.
gu'-ka. See yuguka.

gu-ka'-har), part, stretched, strained, sprained.
gu-ka'-Twa-haQ, part, strained.
gu-ya', V. a. to bum, cause to burn, — guwaya,

guyaya, guuDyagpi.
gu-ya', adv. in a burnt manner.

H.

h, the ninth letter of the Dakota alphabet. It is an
aspirate, like the English h in hymn.

ha, n. a flea, fieas.

ha, n. the skin or hide of animal, man included ;
the bark or rind of any thing, as trees, etc.

ha-a'-kam, adv. on the outside, on the surface.

ha-a'-kam-ye-dai), adv. on the surface, shallow,
as in ploughing, skimming over the surface.

ha-a'-ka-pa, adv. on the outside.

ha-a'-ka-pa-ta, adv. externally.

ha-a'-ka-pa-tag-hai), adv. on the outer sur-
face.

Ha'-des, n. the plojce of the dead, hell. Intro-
duced from the Greek.

ha-ha'-dar), adv. tottering, moving, easily moved.

ha-ha'-ya, v. a. to move, make a coward of ; i. q.
caqtewai)kaya, — hahawaya, hahauqyaijpi.

ha-ha'-ya, adv. totteringly, moving.

ha-ha'-ye-dai), adv. moved, not firm : caijte
hahayedai) mayaijka, my heart is in an excited
state.

ha-hor)'-ta, n. thread, twine, cord.

ha-hor)'-ta-i-ya-pe-har)-pi, n. spool-thread.

ha-horj'-ta-zib-zi-pe-dar), n. fine thread, silk
thread.

ha-hui)'-ta, n. See hahoqta.

ha'-ka-hinor)-pi, n. (ha and kahmoi)) a cord,
rope, twisted bark rope.

ha'-ka-hinur)-pi, n. Same as hakahmoijpi.

ha-ka'-kta, adj. last, the last ; the youngest, —
hamakakta and mahakakta, nihakakta, uqliaka-
ktapi.

ha-k£iin', adv. afterwards, in the mean time.

ha-kam'-ya, adv. afterwards. Not used much.

ha-ka'-pa, adv. See hakapataijhai).

ha-ka'-pa-tar)-har), adv. on the external sur-
face.

ha-ke', n. the name of the fifth child, if a son.

ha-ke'-ke, n. red. of hake. It is so used as a
proper name.

ha-ki'-kta, v. n. to look around, look behind, turn
round to look, — hawekta, hayekta, hauijkiktapi.

ha-ki'-kta-kta, v. red. of hakikta ; to look back
often.

ha-mde', v. See haijmde, the correct orthogra-
phy-

ham-i'-ta-ke, n. See haijpaitake. f '

ha'-mna, adj. smelling of the skin, poor, lean, not
smelling well, as meat.

ha'-na-hpu, v. See hanahpuhpu.

ha'-na-hpu-hpu, v. Said of the rough bark of
trees, that seems ready to fall off. See nahpu.

ha'-na-sku, v. See hanaskusku.

ha'-na-sku-sku, v. n. to crack and peel off", as
the skin of potatoes by boiling. See nasku.

ha'-na-sku-y a, v. a. to cause to crack and peel
off, — hanaskuwaya.

hai), adv. of affirmation ; yes, yea.

hajQ, n. cont. of hariyetu ; night : hag wa^te, good
night.

hai), V. n. to stand, stand upright or on end ; to
remain : ecen hai), it stands or remains as it
was. From this are formed iyahai), kicihai),
etc.

hajg-eo'-ka, n. midnight.

har)-eo'-ka-ya, n. (haijyetu and cokaya) mid-
night.

har)-do'-'war), n. (haijyetu and dowai)) a night-
song.

har)-do'-"War)-pi, n. a night-song.

hai)h.-ar)'-na, n. morning, to-morrow.

har)li-ar)'-na-Mr), n. very early in the morning.

har)-ka', n. a man's sister-in-law, his wife's sister
or brother's wife ; my sister-in-law.

har)-ka'-ku, n. his sister-in-law.

har)-ka'-sa-dar), n. the groUnd-hog or wood-
chuck, the American arctomys.

hai)-ka'-si, n. a man's female cousin, his mother's
brother's daiighter, but not his father's brother's
daughter ;' my female cousin.

haq-ka'-si-tku, n. his female cousin.

har)-ka'-si-ya, v. a. to have for or call hai]kasi,
to sustain the relation of male cousin to a woman,
— hai^kasiwaya.

hai)-ka'-ya, v. a. to have for or regard as a sister-
in-laio, — haijkawaya, haijkauijyaripi.

hai)-ke', n. half ; a part.

har)-ke'-dar), n. a small half.

har)-ke'-ke, n. red. of hai^ke ; half and half.

hajQ-ke'-ya, v. a. to halve ; to have reached tite
middle, — ha^jkewaya.

hai)-ke'-ya, adv. by the half.

hari-ki'-kta, v. n. to rise very early in the morn-
ing ; to wake while it is yet night, — haqwekta,
haijyekta, haijuqkiktapi.

HAIJ

56

HBE

haQ-kpax)', w. moccadnrStrinffs. Mr. S. W.
Pond suggests, that perhaps the k and p in this
word have changed places, and the word was
originally haijpkag, that is, haqpa and ikajj.

haQ'-ma-ni, v. to walk in the night ; to be in
the dark about any thing, not to understand, —
haijmawani : haijmanipi se uijyakc^pi, we are in
the dark about it.

har)-inde', v. n. to fast and dream, to have inter-
course with the spiritual world, used in regard to
their superstitions, — haflwamde, haijmjmdepi.

haQ-mdo'-b.dag'-i-a, v. (hagmdohdaka and ia) to
tell dreams and visions ; to talk so that common
people do not understand, — haqmhdodagiwaa.

har)-indo'-hdag-i-a-pl, ». talking mysteriously ;
preaching.

hag-mdo'-hda-ka, v. a. (haqmde and ohdaka)
to tell of one's intercourse with the spirit world,
relate visions ; to speak unintelligibly, — haijmdo-
wahdaka, haijmdoyahdaka, haqmdouijhdakapi.

h.ai)-inna', v. See ihaijmna.

h.ai)-na'-ka, n. (hagyetu and nakaha) this night.

harjp, cont. of haijpa.

har)'-pa, n. moccasins; tahaijpe, his moccasins;
haqpa hduMoka, to pndl off on£?s own moccasins.

hai)'-pa-a-pe and hai)-pa-a-pe-e-eor)-pi, n.
a game in which a bullet is hid in one of four
moccasins or mittens, and sought for by the
opposite party.

har)'-pa-i-ta-ke, n. the face or upper part of a
moccasin. Pronounced often haqpitake.

hai)p-a'-pe and hagpape ecorjpi, n. Same as
haripaape.

har)-pe', n. See hai)pa, — mitahai)pe, tahaijpe. See
also i^taminihaijpe.

liai)-pi', n. broth, soup, gravy; .juice, sap, etc.
See waharipi.

hai)p-i'-ta-ke, n. See hagpaitake.

har)p-o'-har), v. to put on or wear moccasins, —
hai^powahai).

har)p-o'-he-ki-ci-ei-ya, v. a. to put moccasins
on one, — haijpohewecidiya.

liai)p-o'-he-ki-y£L, v. a. to cause to put on moc-
casins,— haijpohewakiya.

har)p-o'-ki-hai), v. pos. of haijpohai) ; to put on
or wear one's own moccasins, — haijpowakihaq.

hai)'-ska, adj. long ; tall.

har)'-ska-ska, adj. red. of hagska.

har)'-ske-ya, v. a. to make long, lengthen, —
haqskewaya.

har)'-ske-ya, adv. far, extending, long,

har)'-siu, intj. no ! not yes ; i. q. hiya.

har)'-ta, v. imperat. only ; get away, begone, get
out of the way, — haijta wo, liaijta po.

haq-tpar)', n. Same as harikpai).

har)'-tu, adv. indeed.
har)'-tu-ke, adv. indeed, for once,
hai)-'wa'-ci-pi, n. night-dance ; the name of a

Dakota dance.
b.ai)-"wai)'-ka, v, n, to remain over night, as

something killed and left until the morning.
hag-'wl', n. See haijyetuwi.
har)-'wi'-yaQ-pa, «. moonlight.
har)-ye', cont. of ha^yetu.
har)-ye'-co-ka, n. midnight.
har)-ye'-eo-ka-ya, n. (hagyetu and cokaya)

middle of the night, midnight.
hai)-yen', adv. by night, at night.
har)-ye'-tu, n. night.
har)-ye'-tu-dar), n. dim. of haijyetu. The black

bear is sometimes so nicknamed.
har|-ye'-tu-"wi, n. night-sun, i. e. the moon.
ha-o', adv. See ho.
ha'-o-ya-sa-ka, adj. skin dried to the bone, very

lean.
ha'-pa-hda-ya, v. to throw off the skin, as

snakes.
ha'-pai), n. the name of the second child, if a

daughter.
ha'-pls-tir), n. See hapistiona, which JB more

commonly used.
ha'-pis-tir)-na, the name of the third child, if a

girl.
ha'-star), adj. dark-complexioned, — hamastag.
ha-stai)'-har)-ka, n. grapes of all kinds.
ha-stai)'-hai)-ka-har)-pi, n. grape-juice.
ha-steii)'-haQ-ka-i-yu--wi, «. grape-vines.
has-taQ'-ka, n. (haza and taqka) a kind of

berry, which, it is said, is bitter if approached

from the windward — ^if from the leewajd, sweet.

The same as auijyeyapi.
ha-sbe', n. nettles ; flax.
ha-yo'-vre-dar), n. marks made in the snow, as

by children in play : hayowedai) ki^ui).
ha'-yu-za, v. a. to skin, take off the skin of any

thing, — hamduza.
ha'-za, n. the whortleberry, huckleberry. The

Dakotas specify several kinds, as the winohin

tahaza and the waha^jksin tahaza.
hba. See yuhba, etc.
h.ba-har)', part, falling off, shelling off of itself,

as corn.
hbe-hlDe'-za, adj. red. of hbeza ; in rings around,

ring-streaked, appearing like the ribs of animals.
hbe-hbe'-ze-dai), adj. See hbehbeza.
hbe'-za, adj. ring-streaked, rings running round,

rough : dote hbeza, the wind-pipe, because it ap-
pears in rings.
hbe'-ze-dar), adj. striped or ringed, like a screw ;

rough.

HBU

67

HDA

hbu, adj. clear of every thing else, cleaned, as

grain. One's hair is said to be ' hbu,' when not

curled.
hbu-ya', adv. cleaned, clear of every thing else,

as grain clear of chaff.
hda. See yuhda.

hda, used to make the possessive form of verbs com-
mencing with ka and ya : as kaksa, to cut off,

yaksa, to bite off, hdaksa, to cut off or bite off

one^s own ; nape wahdaksa, / cut off or hite off

my hand. The pronouns are prefixed.
hda, V. pos. of ya ; to go home, — wahda, yahda,

uijhdapi.
hda, V. n. to feel, become sensible of, as of heat or

cold, pain, etc. : cuwita hda, to become cold ;

wayazai) hda, to become sick.
hda-co', V. pos. of yaco ; to judge or condemn

o/n£s own, — wahdaco.
hda-da', v. pos. of kada ; to spill one^s own, —

wahdada.
hda-ge'-ge, v. pos. of kagege ; to sew one's own,

— wahdagege, uijhdagegepi.
hda-hai)', adj. very thin, as mush or gruel ; i. q.

hai)pi ota.
hda-he', adv. unrolled of itself.
hda-he'-ya, adv. straightforward, without inter-
ruption, as hdaheya ia, to speak continuously ; —

thin, as mush or gruel, i. q. haijpi ota : hdaheya

ecoi), to make thin, as gruel.
hda-hda'-ya, v. pos. of yahdaya ; to bite off, as

the sMn of any thing; to tell a lie, — wahda-

hdaya.
hda-hde'-ca, v. pos. of kahdeda and yahdec'a ; to

break open one's own by smiting ; to tear open

one's own by biting, — wahdahdeca.
hda-hden', cont. of hdahdeca ; hdahden iyeya, to

break or smash open one's own suddenly.
hda-hem', cont. of hdahepa ; hdahem iyeya.
hda-he'-pa, v. pos. of yahepa ; to drink up one's

own, — wahdahepa.
hda-hpu', V. pos. of yahpu ; to pull or tear off

with the teeth something of OBe's own that adheres

to something else, — wahdaipu.
hda-hpu'-hpu, V. red. of hdahpu.
hda-Mag', cont. of hdahtaka ; hdahtag iyeya.
hda-hta'-ka, v. pos. of yahtaka ; to bite one's

own, — wahdahtaka.
hda-hu'-ga, v. pos. of kahuga and yahuga. See

hdahuhuga.
hda'-huh, cont. of hdahuga.
hda-hu'-hu-ga, v. pos. of kahuhuga and yahu-

huga ; to smash or break in one's oum, as the skull

of one's child, or as one's kettle, by pounding ;

to break up one's own with the teeth, as bones which

belong to oneself.

8

hda-ka', adj. standing apart ; standing alone,

separated, as large trees without underbrush ;

large-toothed, as a coarse comb. See caqhdaka.
hda-kca', v. pos. of kakc'a ; to comb one's oum, —

wahdakda, yahdakca, ui)hdakcapi.
hda-ke'-ya, adv. separately, at a distance from

each other.
hda-kir('-yar), adv. across, crosswise, transverse :

Mde hdakiijyai). Lake Traverse ; ohaij hdakiq-

yaij, perverse ; oie hdakiijyai), a liar.
hda-kpar)', v. pos. of kakpaij ; to wink : iita wa-

hdakpag, / wink my eyes.
hda-ksa', v. pos. of kaksa and yaksa ; to cut off

one's own, as one's own wood, with an axe ; to

bite off one's own, — wahdaksa, yahdaksa.
hda-ksa'-ksa, v. red. of hdaksa ; to cut or bite

one's own in many pieces, — wahdaksaksa.
hda-mde'-ea, v. pos. of kamdec'a and yamdeda ;

to break in pieces one's own by striking, as any

thing brittle ; to bite in pieces, — wahdamdeca.
hda-mden', cont. of hdamdeca : hdamden iyeya.
hda-mna', v. pos. of kamna and yamna ; to

acquire or collect property ; to acquire by talking,

— wahdamna.
hda-mni', v. used with ya or i ; hdamni ya, to go

after something one has left, as provisions hid in

the snow, — wahdamni mda.
hda-mni'-yar), v. Same as hdamni : bdamni-

yai) wai, I have been for something left.
hda-o'-ni-hai), v. pos. of yaomhai) ; to praise

one's own, — wahdaonihai).
hda-o'-tar)-ii), v. pos. of yaotaiji^ ; to manifest or

declare one's own, — wahdaotaijir).
hda-pa', v. pos. of yapa; to take hold of one'*

own with the mouth, — wahdapa.
hda-pai)', v. pos. of kapai) ; to beat or thresh out

one's own, as one's own corn, — wahdapai), ui)hda-

paqpi.
hda-pe'-hai), v. pos. of yapehaij ; to fold up

one's own with the mouth, — wahdapehaq.
hda-pon', cont. of hdapota ; hdapon iyeya.
hda-po'-ta, v. pos. of kapota and yapota ; to

beat one's own to pieces ; to bite to pieces, destroy

one's own by biting, — wahdapota, ui)hdapotapi.
hda-psag', cont. of hdapsaka ; hdapsag iyeya.
hda-psa'-ka, v. pos. of kapsaka and yapsaka ; to

cut off one's own by striking, as one's own string ;

to bite off one's own, — wahdapsaka.
hda-psii)'-psir)-ta, v. pos. of kapsiijpsiota ; to

whip one's own child, — ^wahdapsiijpsiijta.
hda-psir)'-ta, v. pos. of kapsiqta. See hdapsifl-

psiijta.
hda-psui)', V. pos. of kapsui) and yapsuij ; to spill

one's own by striking or with the mouth, — wahda-

psui).

HDA

58

HDE

hda-psur)', v. pos. of kapsui) and yapsui) ; to

knock out one's own hj the roots, as a tootli ; to

knock out of joint, as one's own leg ; to bite out

or knock out cm£s own, as a horse does in shed-
ding his teeth, — wahdapsui), hdapsur) iyeya.
hda-pta', v. ii. to stop, cease, as rain or snow :

magazu hdapte kta, the rain will cease.
hda-pte'-ya, v. a. to cause to cease, — ^hdapte-

waya.
hda-sai)', v. pos. of kasaq ; to shave off one's axon

beard : putiijhii) wahdasar), I shave off my heard.
hda-skam', cont. of hdaskapa.
hda-ska'-pa, v. pos. of kaskapa ; to clap, make

strike together : nape hdaskapa, to clap one's

hands, — wahdaskapa.
hda-ski'-ca, v. pos. of kaskica and yaskica ; to

press one's own with the mouth, — wahdaskica.
hda-sku', v. pos. of yasku ; to bite or peel off

one's own, — wahdasku.
hda-son', cont. of hdasota ; hdason iyeya.
hda-so'-ta, v, pos. of yasota and kasota ; to eat

up one's own ; to use up words or language, i. e.

to finish speaking ; to cut all off, as one's own

timber, — wahdasota.
Ilda-su', V. pos. of yasu ; to perfect, finish, — yia,-

hdasu.
hda-sda', v. pos. of kasda and yaMa ; to mow

one's own meadow ; to graze off one's own grass,

— wahdasda.
lida-ski'-ca, v. pos. of yaskica ; to press one's

own with the mouth, as in chewing tobacco, —

wahdaskica.
hda-sna', v. pos. of yasna and kasna ; to blunder

in speaking ; to miss in taking one's food into

the mouth ; to miss in attempting to strike one's

own, — wahdasna.
hda-sna'-sna, v. red. of hdasna.
hda-sna'-sna-yai), adv. blunderingly, as in

talking, incorrectly.
hda-spa', v. pas. of kaspa and ya^pa ; to knock

or bite off a piece from one's own, — wahdaspa.
hda-sta'-ka, v. pos. of kastaka ; to strike or

smite one's own : tawicu hdastaka, he beats his

wife, — wahdastaka.
hda-stai)', v. pos. of kastaij and ya^taq ; to pour

out one's own ; to spill with the mouth, as one's

own coffee; to finish eating or speaking, — wa-

hdastai).
hda-tar)', v. pos. of yatai) ; to praise one's own ;

to suck out one's own blood, — wahdatar).
hda-t'a'-t'a, v. pos. of kat'at'a and yat'at'a ; to

knock and shake one's own blanket ; to take in

the mouth and shake, as a dog does any thing, —
■ ■wahdat'at'a.
hda-tem', cont. of hdatepa ; hdatem iyeya.

hda-te'-pa, v. pos. of yatepa ; to wear off one's

own teeth short, — wahdatepa.
hda-tkai)', v. pos. of yatkaq ; to drink one's own,

— wahdatkai), yahdatkaij, ughdatkai^pi.
hda-to'-kai), v. pos. of yatokai) ; to put one's own

in another place with the mouth ; to speak of

one's own as in another place, — ^wahdatokai).
hda-to'-ke-ea, v. pos. of yatokeca ; to speak of

one's own as different, — wahdatokeca.
hda-to'-to, V. pos. of katoto ; to knock at one's

own door, — wahdatoto.
hda-tpi', V. pos. of katpi and yatpi ; to break otus's

own nut by pounding or pecking, — wahdatpi.
hda-ta', v. pos. of kata and yata ; to kill one's

own by striking ; to bite one's own to death, — wa-

hdata.
hda-tir)S', cont. of hdatiijza; hdatii)s iyeya.
hda-tir)'-za, v. pos. of katiqza and yatipza; to

make one's own tight by driving ; to press one's

own tight with the teeth, — wahdatiijza.
hda'-AWa, v. pos. of yawa ; to read one's own,

count one's own, — wahdawa, yahdawa, u^hdawa-

pi.
hda-"wa'-kar), v. pos. of yawakaij ; to call one's

own sacred, — wahdawakai).
hda-"war)g', cont. of hdawaijka ; hdawapg iyeya.
hda-'warj'-ka, v. pos. of kawaqka; to cut down

or fell one's own trees, — wahdawapka.
hda-Ave'-ga, v. pos. of kawega and yawega ; to

break or fracture by striking, as one's own axe-
handle ; to break partly off with the teeth, — wa-

hdawega.
hda-Aweh', cont. of hdawega.
hda-'weh'-'we-ga, v. red. of hdawega.
hda-za'-nmi, v. pos. of kazamni ; to open one's

own, — wahdazamni.
hda-za'-pa, v. pos. of kazapa ; to cut off the fat

with the skin, in skinning one's own, — wahdazapa.
hda-ze', v. j^os. of kaze ; to lade out one's own

food, — wahdaze, ui)hdazepi.
hda-zo'-ka, v. pos. of yazoka ; to suck one's own,

as a child its mother, — wahdazoka.
hda-zur)'-ta, v. pos. of yazui)ta; to connect ojie's

words, to speak correctly, — wahdazuijta.
hda-zim', cont. of hdazipa ; hdaiim yuta, to eat

very slowly, to nibble off ; hdaiim iyeya.
hda-zi'-pa, v. a. pos. of kaiipa and yazipa ; to

shave one's own stick ; to bite off or nibble one's

oion food, — wahdaiipa.
hda-zo', V. pos. of yazo ; to blow on one's own

instrument, — wahdazo.
hda-zu'-zu, v. a. pos. of kaiuiu ; to blot out or

erase one's own ; to pay one's own debts, — wahda-

iuiu.
hde, V. to go home. See hda.

HDE

59

HDO

hde, V. a. to put or place, make stand, usually

applied to things that stand on end, as barrels,

etc. ; to have by one, as mini vvahde, I have water.

This may be regarded as a transitive of hag.

hde'-ga, adj. spotted, figured, as calico.

hde-hde', odj. scattered, here and there. Hence

cai)hdehde.
hde-hde '-ga, adj. red. of hdega ; spotted, speckled,

brownish.
hde-hde'-ka, adj. scattered, separated, one here

and one there. Hence carjhdehdeka.
hde-hde '-za, adj. striped, streaked.
hde-hde '-ze-dar), adj. dim. of hdezedaij ; striped,

streaked.
hde-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to go home, send home,

— hdewakiya.
hdem, cont. of hdepa ; hdem hiyuya, to vomit.
hdem-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to vomit, — hdemwa-

kiya, hdemupkiyapi, hdemmakiya.
hde'-pa, v. a. to vomit, puke, — wahdepa, yahdepa,
uqhdepapi ; ihdepa, to vomit up what one has
eaten, — iwahdepa ; on hdepapi, tartar emetic.
hde-si', V. a. to command to go Jiome, — hdewasi.
hde-ska', adj. speckled, spotted.
hde-ska'-ska, v. red. of hdeska ; spotted, figured,

as calico,
hde'-za, adj. striped, in ridges or rows.
hde'-ze-dai), adj. striped, in stripes of any kind.
hdi, V. pos. of hi ; to come or arrive at home, —

wahdi, yahdi, uqhdipi.
hdi-a'-pe, v. a. to await one's coming home, —

hdiawape.
hdi-cu', V. pos. (hdi and ku) to start to come home,

— wahdicu, yahdicu, uijhdidupi.
hdi-eu'-ya, v. a. to cause to »tart home, — hdidu-

waya.
hdi-har)', v. n. to fall down, as something thrown
up ; to fall on end, aa a stick ; to fall, as water
falls : mini hdihai).
hdi-hda', v. See hnihda.
hdi-hu'-ni, v. pos. of hihuni ; to come to land or

come through in coming home, — wahdihuni.
hdi-hpa'-ya, v. pos. of hiijhpaya ; to fall down

again ; to come home sick, — wahdihpaya.
hdi-na'-pa, or hdi-nar)'-pa, v. pos. of hinapa ;
to come in sight coming home ; to come out of or
through, as through a wood, to emerge from ; to
come up again, as one diving, — wahdinapa, ui)hdi-
napapi.
hdi-psi'-ea, v. pos. of hipsic'a ; to alight at home,

jump down again, — wahdipsic'a.
hdi-psin', cont. of hdipsica.
hdi--war)'-ka, v. pos. of hiwai)ka ; to come home
and sleep ; to camp on the way home, — wahdi-
muqka, yahdinugka, uijhdiwaijkapi.

hdi-ya'-hpa-ya, v. pos. of iyahpaya ; ' to eom^

back home and fall upon one, — wahdiyaipaya.
hdi-ya'-ku, v. pos. to return, start to come home ;

only the first and second persons used, — wahdi-

yaku, yahdiyaku, uijhdiyakupi. For the third

person see hdicu.
hdi-yo'-hi, v. pos. of hiyohi ; to come back, reach

hom^, — wahdiyohi : cihdiyohipi kta, / will come

again to you, John xiv. 15.
hdi-yo'-tar)-ka, v. pos. of hiyotaijka ; to come

home and sit down ; to return to one's place, —

wahdimdotaijka, yahdidotaijka. This is a com-
pound verb which requires two pronouns.
hdi-yu'-"we-ga, v. pos. of hiyuwega ; to cross

a stream by fording ifi coming home, — wahdiyu-

wega.
hdo, a prefix which form^ the possessive of some

verbs.
hdo, V. to grunt, make a noise, as hogs and buffalo

calves do.
hdo-e'-ya-ya, v. pos. to take or have taken one's

own with one. See hdoweyaya.
hdo-hda', v. pos. to carry any thing back home,

carry one's own home, — wahdohda, ughdohdapi.
hdo-hde'-ska, n. the gullet, oesophagus. Same

as dohdeska.
hdo-hdi', V. pos. to bring back home one's own, —

wahdohdi.
hdo-hdo', V. red. of hdo ; to grunt, as hogs and

buffalo calves, also as grouse.
hdo-hdo '-dai), v. See hdohdodowai].
hdo-hdo'-do-wai), v. to sing a grunting song.

The Dakotas do so sometimes in going to war.
hdo-hi', V. pos. to bring one's own to a place, as

when one is beaten in gambhng he goes and

brings what he has staked, — wahdohi, uijhdo-

hipi.
hdo-i', v. pos. to take or have taken one's own to

a place, — wahdoi, yahdoi, ui)hdoipi.
hdo-ir)', V. pos. of iij. See hdowii).
hdo-ki', V. pos. to have taken one's own home, —

wahdoki, ui)hdokipi.
hdo-ki '-ni-ea, v. pos. to dispute in regard to one's

own, — wahdokinica, uijhdokinicapi.
hdo-ki'-ni-ea-pi, n. disputation.
hdo-ki'-nin, cont. of hdokinic'a ; hdokinin waui).
hdo-ki'-ya-hda, v. pos. (hdoki and ahda) to be

carrying one's own home, — wahdojdyahda, yahdo-

kiyahda, ur)hdokiyahdapi.
hdo-ku', V. pos. to bring one's own towards home,

— wahdoku, yahdoku, uijhdokupi.
hdo-ni'-ca, v. pos. of anica ; to refuse to give up

what one claims, to hold as one's own ; to forbid

the use of one's own ; tihdonica, to forbid one's

house, — wahdonic'a.

HDO

60

HDU

hdo-nln', ccmt. of hdoni<5a.

hdo-nin'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to hold as one's

own, — hdoninwakiya.
hdo-nin'-ya, v. a. Same as hdoninkiya.
hdo-u', V. pos. to come bringing one's ovm, — wa-

hdou, uijhdoupi.
hdo-"we'-ya-ya, I', ^j. to have taken one's own

along, — wahdowemdamda, yahdowedada, ui)hdo-

weyayapi.
hdo-vrii)', v. pos. of iq ; to put around one his

own blanket or cloak, — wakdowiij, yahdowii),

ui)hdowii)pi.
hdo-ya', v. pos. to carry one's own towards

a place, — wahdomda and wahdoya, yahdoda,

uijhdoyapi.
hdu. Verbs commencing with hdu are formed

from verbs in yu ; whicli change denotes that the

action is to or for on£s own. The pronouns are

prefixed.
ta.du-a'-ki-pain, v. pos. of yuakipam ; to divide

or separate one's own : hduakipam ewahnaka, /

make a division of my own.
hdu-a'-o-pte-tu, v. pos. of yuaoptetu ; to make

one's own less, — wahduaoptetu.
hdu-bo'-sda-tu, v. pos. of yubosdatu ; to place

upright something of one's own, — wahdubosdatu.
hdu-car)', v. pos. of yudaij ; to shake or sift one's

own, — -wahducai), uijhduc'aijpi.
hdu-co', V. pos. of yuco ; to perfect, finish one's

own; to arrange one's ovm, — wahduc'o, u^hduc'opi.
hdu-co'-co, V. red. of hduco ; also, j9os. of yucodo,

to make soft one's own, — wahdudoco.
hdu-co'-ka, v. pos. to finish. See hduco.
hdu-co '-ka-ka, v. pos. of yuc'okaka ; to empty

one's own barrel, — wahducokaka.
hdu-e'-ee-tu, v. pos. of yuecetu ; to make one's

own right or as it was, — ^wahduec'etu.
hdu-e'-ci, v. pos. of yuedi ; to turn one's own the

other side out, as one's own bag, — wahduedi.
hdu-ga', V. pos. of yuga ; to pull off, as the husk

of erne's own com, — wahduga.
hdu-gax)', V. pos. of yugai) ; to open out one's own,

as one's blanket or one's door, — wahdugai).
hdu-ga'-ta, v. pos. of yugata ; to spread out one's

own, as one's hands in prayer, — wahdugata : nape

hdugan naiii), to stand with one's hands extended

in a supplicating manner.
hdu-ge', V. pos. of yuge ; to pick or gather up

scraps from one's floor, — wahduge.
hdu-ge '-ge, v. red. of hduge; to gather up by

handfuls one's own, — wahdugege.
hdu-ha', V. pos. of yuha ; to have or possess one's

own, — wahduha, yahduha, uijhduhapi.
hdu-he'-ki-ya, v. a. to put one in possession of

his ortm, — ^hduhewakiya.

hdu-hmui)', v. jws. of yuhmuq ; to twist one's

own, — wahduhmui) .
hdu-ho'-ho, v.pos. of yuhoho ; to shake one's own,

as one's teeth, — wahduhoho.
hdu-ho'-mni, v. pos. of yuhomni ; to turn one's

own around, — wahduhomni, uqhduhomnipi.
hdu-hu'-hus, cont. of hduhuhuza.
hdu-hu'-hu-za, v. pos. of yuhuhuza; to shake

one's own tree, — wahduhuhuza.
hdu-hda', V. pos. of yuMa ; to ring one's own

bell, — wahduhda.
hdu-hda'-gaQ, v. pos. of yuhdagaq ; to loosen a

little, as one's belt ; to leave, as a wife her hus-
band,— wahduhdagai) .
hdu-hda'-ya, v. pos. of yuhdaya ; to peel off the

skin of one's own potato, — wahduhdaya.
hdu-hde'-ea, v. pos. of yuhdeca ; to tear one's

own, as one's coat, etc., — wahduhdeda.
hdu-hde'-hde-ca, v. red. of hduhdeda.
hdu-hden', cont. of hduMeca.
hdu-Bidog', cont. of hduhdoka.
hdu-hdo'-hdo-ka, v. red. of hduhdoka.
hdu-hdo'-ka, v. pos. of yuMoka ; to make a hole

in one's own by boring, — wahduhdoka, yahdu-

hdoka, ui)hduMokapi.
hdu-hem', cont. of hduhepa ; hduhem iyeya.
hdu-he'-pa, v. pos. of yuhepa ; to dry up, to soak

up and wipe out, as water, /rowi. one's own canoe,

— wahduhepa.
hdu-he'-ya-pa, v. pos. of )ruheyapa ; to remove

or take away one's oivn, — wahduheyapa.
hdu-M'-ea, v. pos. of yuhida ; to wake up one's

own, — wahduhida.
hdu-lipa', V. pos. of yuhpa ; to take down one's

own, as something hung up, — wahduhpa.
hdu-hpa'-lipa, v. red. of hduhpa.
hdu-hpaQ'-hpai), v. pos. to make soft one's own,

as one's moccasins by putting them into water, —

wahduhpa;)hpaij.
hdu-hpu', V. pos. of yuhpu ; to pull off one's own,

as one's seal, or any thing sticking fast, — wahdu-

hpu.
hdu-Rpu'-hpu, V. red. of hduhpu.
hdu-B.u', V. pos. of yiihu ; to pull off one's own,

as bark with one's hand, — wahduhu.
hdu-kar)', v. pos. of yukai) ; to shake off one's

own fruit, — wahdukaq.
hdu-ka'-"wa, v. pos. of yukawa ; to open one's

own, as one's mouth : i wahdukawa, / open my

mouth.
hdu-kea', v. pos. of yukda ; to untie one's ovm, —

wahdukda.
hdu-keap', v. pos. of yukdaij ; to comprehend

one's own ; to understand what belongs to oneself,

— wahdukcaq, yahdukdaij, uijhdukdaijpi.

HDU

61

HDU

hdu-ke'-za, v. pos. of yukeza; to scrape, rub,

make smooth one's own, — wahdukeza.
hdu-ki'-nu-kai) or hduklijnukai), v. pos. of
yukinukai) ; to divide one's own ; hence, to dis-
tract, John xiv. 1.
hdu-kir)'-6a, v. pos. of yukii)(fa ; to scrape off, as
dirt, from one^s own clothes, with the hand, — wa-
hdukiijca, uijhdukiqc'api.
hdu-kpai)', V. pos. of yukpaij ; to grind one's

own corn, etc., — wahdukpai), ui)hdukpai)pi.
hdu-ksa', v. pos. of yuksa ; to break off one's own,
as a stick with the hands, — wahduksa, yahduksa.
hdu-ktag', V. pos. of yuktag ; to bend one's own,

— wahduktai).
hdu-ku'-ka, v. pos. of yukuka ; to wear out or

make old one's own, — wahdukuka.
hdu-ke'-ga, v. pos. of yu^ega ; to scratch one's

own, — wahdu^ega.
hdu-kes'-ke-za, v. red. of hdutceza ; to shave
off one's own close, as the hair of one's head, one's
dog, etc., — wahdul^es^eza.
hdu-ke'-za, v. pos. of yu^eza ; to rub and make
smooth one's own, as one's arrows, — wahdu-
keza.
hdu-mat)', v. pos. of yumaij ; to grind and make
sharp one's own, as one's axe or knife, — wahdube,
ui)hdumai)pi.
hdu-mda'-ya, v. pos. of yumdaya ; to spread out

one's own, as one's blanket, — wahdumdaya.
hdu-mde'-ea, v. pos. of yumdeca ; to open out,

take in pieces one's own, — wahdumdeca.
hdu-mden', cant, of hdumdec'a.
hdu-mdu', v. pos. of yumdu ; to plough or make
mellow by ploughing one's own field, — wahdumdu,
yahdumdu, uijhdumdupi.
hdu-nina', v. pos. of yumna ; to rip one's own,

— wahdumna.
hd\in, cont. of hduta ; hdun waui), / am eating

my own food.
hdu-na'-zii), v. pos. of yunaiii) ; to make one's

own stand up, — wahdunaiii).
hdu-o'-&da-gar), v. pos. of yuohdagai) ; to loosen

one's own a little, as one's girdle.
hdu-o'-hdah, cont. of hduohdagaq ; hduohdah

i(!u, to loosen a little or untie a knot.
hdu-o'-ki-ni-har), v. pos. of yuokinihai) ; to make

one's own honorable, — wahduokinihag.
lidu-o'-kor)-'war)-zi-daQ, v. pos. of yuokoqwaij-
iidai) ; to place all one's own together, make one
of them.
hdu-o'-mde-ea, v. pos. of yuomdec'a ; to scatter

out one's own, — wahduomdeca.
hdu-o'-mden, cont. of hduomdeca.
hdu-o'-ni-har), v. pos. of yuonihai) ; to honor
one's own, — wahduonihaij.

hdu-o'-ta, V. pos. of yuota ; to multiply one's

own, — wahduota, yahduota, ughduotapi.
hdu-o'-tar)-ii), n. pos. of yuotagii) ; to manifest

one's own, — wahduotaijir).
hdu-o'-tkor)-za, v. pos. of yuotkoijza; to make

equal one's own ; to do like, — wahduotkoijza.
hdu-o'-"war)-ea-ya, v. pos. of yuowaijdaya ; to

cause to spread all over ; to make one's own go

all over, — wahduowaqcaya.
hdu-pon', cont. of hdupota.
hdu-po'-ta, V. pos. of yupota ; to wear out one's

own, — wahdupota, ui)hdupotapi.
hdu-pot'-po-ta, V. red. of hdupota.
hdu-psag', cont. of hdupsaka.
hdu-psa'-ka, v. pos. of yupsaka ; to break one's

own with the hands, as a string, — wahdupsaka.
hdu-psa'-psa-ka, v. red. of hdupsaka.
hdu-psi'-ca, v. pos. of yupsicfa ; to make one's

own jump, as one's horse ; to pull up with a hook

and line one's own fish, — wahdupsica.
hdu-psin', cont. of hdupsic'a.
hdu-psi'-psi-ea, v. red. of hdupsica.
hdu-psiiT)', v. pos. of yupsui) ; to pull out or ex-
tract one's own, as one's teeth, — wahdupiug.
hdu-ptai)', V. See hduptaijyai).
hdu-ptar)'-yar), v. pos. of yuptai)yai) ; to turn

over one's own, — wahduptaqyai).
hdu-pte'-ce-dajQ, v. pos. of yuptec'edai) ; to

shorten one's own, — wahduptecedaq.
hdu-ptu'-ptu-zei, v. red. of hduptuia.
hdu-ptus', cont. of hduptuia.
hdu-ptu'-za, V. pos. of yuptuia ; to crack or

split any thing of one's own, by boring, etc., —

wahduptuia.
hdus, cont. of hduza ; hdus naiig, to stand holding

one's own.
hdu-ske'-pa, v. pos. of yuskepa ; to absorb one's

own ; to cause one's own to leak out or evaporate,

— wahduskepa.
hdu-skin', cont. of hduskita.
hdu-ski'-ski-ta, v. red. of hduskita ; to wrap

or tie up one's own, as a Dakota woman does her

baby, — wahduskiskita.
hdu-ski'-ta, v. pos. of yuskita ; to wrap or tie

up one's own, — wahduskita.
hdu-sku', v.pos. of yusku ; to cut close one's own,

as the hair of one's child ; to pare off, as the

skin of one's own potato or apple, — wahdusku.
hdu-sku'-sku, v. red. of hdusku.
hdu-son', cont. of hdusota ; hduson iyeya.
hdu-son'-so-ta, v. red. of hdusota.
hdu-so'-ta, V. pos. of yusota ; to use all one's own

up, — wahdusota, ui)hdusotapi.
hdu-sto', v. pos. of yusto ; to smooth down, as

one's own hair : pa hdusto, to smooth one's hair.

HDtr

62

HDU

hdu-sto'-sto, V. red. of Musto.
hdu-su'-ksu-ta, v. red. of lidusuta.
hdu-su'-ta, V. pos. of yusuta ; to make firm or

establish one's own, — wahdusuta.
hdu-sa'-ka, v. pos. of yusaka ; to be burdened with

one's ot»»,— wahdusaka.
hdu-sam', cont. of hdusapa.
hdu-sam'-sa-pa, v. red. of hdu4apa.
hdu-sa'-pa, v. pos. of yu^apa ; to defile one's

own, — wahdusapa, yahdu^apa, uijhdu^apapi.
hdu-sdog', cont. of hdusdoka ; MuMog iyeya.
hdu-sdo'-ka, v. pos. of yusdoka ; to pull off, as

one's own clothes ; to pull out, — wabdusdoka.
hdu-sdo'-sdo-ka, v. red. of hdusdoka.
hdu-si'-6a, v. pos. of yu^ica ; to make bad or in-
jure one's own, — wahdu^ica.
hdu-si'-htir), v. pos. of yusihtii) ; to weaken,

enfeeble one's own, as one's horse, — wahdu^ihtii).
hdu-si'-ksi-ea, v. red. of hdusica.
hdu-ska', v. pos. of yuska ; to untie or let go one's

own, — wahduska, uijhduikapi.
hdu-skar)'-skar(, v. pos. of yuskariskari ; to

make one's own move about, — wahduskar)skai).
hdu-ski', V. pos. of yuski ; to pucker, gather, plait

one's own, — wahduski.
hdu-ski'-ca, v. pos. of yuskic'a ; to press with

one's hands ; to milk one's own cow.
hdu-skin', cont. of hduskica.
hdu-ski'-ski-ea, v. red. of hduskica.
hdu-sna', v. pos. of yusna ; to miss in regard to

one's own, — wahdusna, ur)hdusnapi.
hdu-Bna'-sna, v. red. of hdusna,
hdu-spu'-ya, v. pos. of yuspuya ; to scratch one's

own flesh, — wahduspuya.
hdu-spu'-spu-ya, v. red. of hduspuya.
hdu-star)', v. pos. of yustai) ; to finish cme's own,

— wahdustari, yahdustai), uijhdustaijpi.
hdu-star)'-star), v. red. of hdustaq.
hdu-ste', adj. numb, as one's foot when it sleeps :

siha mahduste, »iy foot is asleep ; nape nihduite,

thy hand is numb.
hdu'-ta, V. pos. of yuta ; to eat one's own com,

etc., — wahduta, yahduta, uijhdutapi.
hdu-tar)', v. pos. of yutaij ; to praise one's ovm ;

to touch one's oion, — wahdutai).
hdu-tai)'-ir), v. pos. of yutaijii) ; to make mani-
fest one's own, — wahdutaijii].
hdu-tai)'-ka, v. pos. of yutaijka ; to make large,

enlarge one's ovm, — wahdutarika.
hdu-t'a'-t'a, v. pos. of yut'at'a ; to shake one's

own, as one's clothes. Not much used.
hdu-te'-oa, v. pos. of yuteca ; to make new one's

own, — wahduteoa.
h.du-te'-hai), v. pos. of yutehaq ; to make a long

time, put off, defer, — wahdutehai).

hdu-te'-pa, v. pos. of yntepa ; to make blunt,

wear off one's own, — wahdutepa.
hdu-ti'-6a, v. pos. of yutic'a ; to scrape off the

snow from one's own place, — wahdutica.
hdu-ti'-tar), v. pos. of yutitai) ; to pull at one's

own, — wahdutitai) .
hdu-to'-kai), v. pos. of yutokaij ; to remove one's

own to another place, — wahdutokai).
hdu-to'-ke-ca, v. pos. of yutokeca ; to make one's

oivn different, — wahdutokeca.
hdu-tpa^', V. pos. of yutpai) ; to grind erne's own

corn, etc., — wahdutpai).
hdu-ta', V. pos. of yuta ; to kill one's ovm by

hanging, etc., — wahduta.
hdu-'wa'-kax), v. pos. of yuwakai) ; to make one's

own sacred, — wahduwakar).
hdu-"war)'-kan, v. pos. of yuwaijkan ; to lift or

raise up one's own, — wahduwaqkan.
hdu-Ava'-sa-ka, v. pos. of yuwasaka ; to make

strong one's own, — wahduwasaka.
hdu-'wa'-ste, v. pos. of yuwaite ; to moke good

one's own, — wahduwaite.
hdu-'we', V. pos. of huwe ; used always with ya,

hi, etc., as hduwe ya, to go for one's ovm, — ^hduwe

mda, hduwe unyaripi.
hdu-"we'-ga, v. pos. of yuwega ; to break or

fracture one's own, — wahduwega.
hdu-^weli', cont. of hduwega.
hdu--weh'--we-ga, v. red. of hduwega.
hdu-wi', V. pos. of yuwi ; to torap up one's own,

as with a string or thong, — wahduwi, uijhduwipi.
hdu-"wl'-ea-ka, v. pos. of yuwicaka ; to make

true or prove one's own, — wahduwicaka.
hdu-'wir)'-ta, v. pos. of yuwiota ; to stretch out

the hand to, implore, worship ; to stroke one's own,

— wahduwiijta.
hdu-"wir)s', cont. of hduwiijza.
hdu--wir)s'-'«vii)-za, v. red. of hduwiijia.
hdu-"wir)'-za, v. pos. of yuwiijia; to beTid down

one's own grass, etc., — wahduwiijia.
hdu-"wi'-tai), v. pos. of yuwitao ; to make proud

or glorify one's own, — wahduwitai).
hdu-'wo'-hdu-ze, v. pos. of yuwohduze ; to con-
secrate one's own, — wahduwohduze.
hdu'-za, V. pos. of yuza ; to take or hold one's

own ; to take again, take back again : tawidu

hduza, to take again or take firmly one's own

wife, — wahduza, ughduzapi.
hdu-ze', V. pos. of yuze ; to dip or lade out, as

victuals from one's own kettle, — wahduze.
hdu-za', V. pos. of yuia ; to stir one's own, to

make one's own mush, etc., — wahduza.
hdu-zag'-za-ka, v. red. of hduzaka.
hdu-za'-ka, v. pos. of yuzaka ; to pull open one's

own, as one's eyes, — wahduzaka.

Hbu

«8

BEH

hdu-za'-za, v. pos. of yuiaia ; to wash one's

own : nape hduiaia, he washes his hands, — wa-

hduiaia.
hdu-zim', eont. of hduiipa.
hdu-zir)'-6a, i?. ^os. of yaih)6a, ; to pull or blow

one's own nose, — wahduzi^ca.
hdu-zi'-pa, v. pos. of yniipa ; <o ^'ncA one's own,

— wahduzipa.
hdu-zur)', V. pos. of jninj) ; to pull one's own out

hy the roots, as one's own tree, — wahduiui).
hdu-zu'-zu, V. pos. of yuzuiu ; to pull doion or

destroy one's own, — wahduzuzu.
he, interrog. particle ; wicayada he, dost thou be-
lieve ? hena mayaku kta he, wilt thou give me

those ?
he, dem. pron. that ; pi. hena, those.
he, n. a horn, the horns of animals : he katii) and

he katiqtii), straight horns.
he-ca', n. the buzzard, Falco buteo,
he'-ea, adj. such, such like, belonging to such a

class or description, — hemada, henida, heuijdapi.
he'-ea-e-sta, adv. although it is such, notwith-
standing.
he'-ea-ki-eoi), v. a. of hedoi) ; to do thus to one,

— hecawecoi), hecauijkicoijpi.
he-car) '-kir), v. a. to think so of one,, form such

an opinion of one, — hecaqwakii), hecaijyakii),

hecai)ui)kii)pi ; hedaqcidii), / have such an

opinion of thee.
he'-ce-ea, adj. like, such as, like that, — ^hema-

cec'a.
he'-ce-ea, adv. so, always so.
he'-ce-ea-e-sta, adv. notwithstanding.
he-ee'-ea-ka, n. such a one ; a mean fellow ;

i. q. tuwe kinihaijpi ^ni.
he'-ee-dai), adv. (he and ecedaij) that alone,

only that.
he'-ee-dai)-ki-ya, adv. only that way, that

alone.
he'-ee-dar)-ya, v. a. to regard that alone, — hece-

dai)waya.
he-ce'-e-dai), adv. that alone.
he-ee'-e-dar)-ke, adv. only that.
he-ee'-e-dar)-ki-ya, v. to have only that, — hece-

edaqwakiya.
he'-ee-hna, adv. thus, so ; only ; immediately.
he'-ee-hna-hai), adv. all, entirely ; immediately

upon that.
he'-ee-hna-na, adv. thus, just so, just as, only

that ; without alteration.
he'-ee-hii), adv. just so, only so ; altogether.
he'-ce-Mir), adv. See hecehiij.
he'-ee-kee-ea, adj. red. of hececa.
he'-ce-kee-ea-ka, adj. always such ; bearing

this character.

he'-ce-kcen, adv. red. of heden ; in this manner,
so, thus, just as.

he'-ce-kee-tu, adv. red. of hecetu ; so, in this
manner.

he'-ee-kee-tu-ya, adv. after this manner,

he'-cen, adv. thus, so, in this way ; hence, there-
fore : hec'en ohaijke, to do in this manner
usually, be accustomed so to do.

he-ee'-ni-ee, n. a yearling colt.

he'-een-ya, adv. so, thus, in that manner.

he'-ee-tu, adv. as, so, thus ; right, well.

he'-ce-tu-ke, adv. as is common, as is usual.'

he'-ee-tu-"wai)-zi-ca, adj. always the same. 4

he'-ee-tu-ya, adv. so, well.

he'-ee-tu-ya, v. a. to make so, cause to be so or
right, — hecetuwaya, hecetuuijyaijpi.

he'-ei, adv. in or at that place, there.

he-6il)', V. (he and ecij)) to think this, think that,
— hec'arjmi, hec'aijni, heuijkeciijpi.

he'-eir)-a-hai), adv. if, if it is so.

he'-eir)-hai), adv. if, if it is so.

he-ei'-ya, v. of heya ; to say this to one : hewa-
kiya, / said this to him ; heyakiya, thou saidst
this to him ; heurikiyapi, we say to him, or he
says to us ; hemakiya, he says to me; hecidiya,
/ say to thee ; hekiciyapi, they say to each other.

he'-ei-ya, adv. at that place, there.

he'-ei-ya-tar), adv. from that place, thence.

he'-ei-ya-tar)-hai), adv. from that place ; there-
fore.

he-ci'-yo-tar), adv. in that direction.

he-ei'-yo-tar)-hai), adv. in that direction. Not
much used.

he'-eor), v. (he and ecoq) to do that, — lieda-
moi), hecanoq, hecoijkupi and hecoijkoijpi.

he'-e, that is it ; it is he. This with dee includes
the substantive verb and demonstrative pronoun.

he'-e-har), adv. at that time, referring to the
past.

he-e'-ki-ya, v. a. to call or count that the person
or thing ; to substitute, put one in the place of
another, — heewakiya, heeuijkiyapi.

he-han', adv. at that time, then : hehan ecamoi)
kta, at that tim£ I will do it.

he-hax)', adv. at or to that place, there, that far :
hehar) wai kta, that far I will go.

he-har)'-har), adv. red. of hehar).

he-har)'-har)-ke-ea, adv. red. of hehaiikeda ;
so long, each so long.

he-har)'-har)-na, adv. red. of heharina.

he-hari'-har)-yag, adv. red. of hehagyai).

he-haij'-ke-ea, adv. so long.

he-har)'-na, adv. so far and no further ; just
then.

he-hajj'-na-hig, adv. just so far.

HEH

64

HEY

he-hai)'-tar)-hai), adv. from that time ; there-
fore.
he-hai)'-tu, adv. at that time, then.
he-hai)'-tu-dar), adv. then.
he-har)'-tu-dai)-liu), adv. just then.
he-hag'-yar), adv. so far, referring to place; so
■ long, referring to time.
he-hai)'-yar)-yar), adv. red. of hehagyai).
h.e'-he, intj. alas ! hehe mata nuij seca, alas !

it seems as if I should die.
he '-he-he, intj. alas!
he-ha'-ka, n. (he and haka) the male elk, Oer-

vus aloes. So called from his branching horns.

The female is called upai).
he-ha'-ka-ear)-te-ya-sni-sni-za, n. (hehaka

cai)te and yasniza) the cricket.
he-ha'-ka-ta-pe-zi-hu-ta, n. (hehaka ta and

pezihuta) elk-medicine, a kind of mint, perhaps

catnip.
he-ha'-ka-ta-"WO-te, n. (hehaka and tawote)

elk-food, perhaps the same as the preceding

word.
he-hak'-ta-pe-zi-hu-ta, n. Same as hehakata-

peiihuta.
he-ki'-ci-na-ke-ca, v. n. to be all used up to or

for one : hemicinakeca, / have no more.
he'-kiQ-ska, n. a ham spoon.
he'-kta, n. that behind, what is past, applied to

both space and time.
he'-kta, adv. behind : hekta u, he comes behind ;

hekta hda, he goes back home; hekta wacii)

uye ^ni, he does not turn his thoughts back.
he'-ktam, adv. behind, after.
he'-kta-pa, adv. behind, after.
he'-kta-pa-ta, adv. behind : wahektapata, the

stern of a boat.
he'-kta-pa-tai)-hai), adv. from behind.
he'-kta-tarj-hai), adv. behind.
he'-ke, pron. that itself.
He-le'-nes, n. p. introduced ; the Greeks.
he-mni'-sa-ka-dar), n. an unhatched louse, a

nit.
hen, adv. (he and en) in that place, there.
he'-na, pron. pi. of he ; those.
he-nag'-na-ke-ea, adv. red. of henakeca ; so

many of each.
he'-na-ka, adv. so many.
he-na'-ke-ea, adv. so many ; enough, sufficient ;

finished, all gone : waqna henakeca, it is now all

gone.
he-na'-ke-seh, adv. all these, so great a quan-
tity.
he-na'-kl-ya, adv. in so many ways.
he-na'-nji, adv. only so many or so much ; none,

all gone.

he-na'-na-ki-ya, adv. only in so many ways or

places.
he-na'-nai)-pi-dar), adv. pi, of henana.
he-nagg'-na-ke-ea, adv. red. of henakeca; so

many each. See henagnakeca.
he-nar)g'-nai)g, cont. otoiyohi henaijgnaijg yu-

hapi kta, each one will have so many,
he'-na-os, pron. See henaoza.
he'-na-o-za, pron. those two : henios, heniyos,

and heniyoza are also used.
he-na'-o-za-ki-ya, adv. those two, those two

times.
he-na'-pe-tor)-na, n. (heya nape and toi)) a

louse partly grown, a louse that has feet.
he'-OQ, adv. for that, on that account, therefore.
he'-OQ-e-tajQ-hai), adv. therefore.
he-pai)', n. the name of the second child, if a

son.
he-par)'-na, n. Same as hepaij.
he-pca', v. 1st pers. sing. / think that, I thought

that. This is the only form used. See ep($a and

kepca.
he-pi', n. the name of the third child, if a son.
he-pi'-dai), n. dim. of hepi.
he-pi'-na, n. (Sisit.) Same as hepidag.
he-pii)', V. 1st pers. sing. (Ihaqk. and Sisit.) Same

as hepa. See heya.
he-pi'-ya, adv. in the meantime ; before, wani-

yetu hepiya, before winter ; during, in the course

of, a^petu hepiya, during the day.
hes, intj. expressing impatience, unbelief, pride.
he-sda'-tka-daj), n. a young male elk.
he-ski'-zu-pl, n. See hiq^kiiupi.
he-tar)', cont. of hetaqhai).
he-tar) '-har),ac??;. from that place : hemataqhai),

I am from that place ; from that time ; therefore,

on that account.
he-tar) '-har)-to-ke-ca, adv. what difference is it ?

hetaijhai) itokeca ^ni, it is none of his business ;

hetaijhai) iwatokiyaka, what does it concern him ?
he-tka'-dai), n. the common striped ground squir-
rel, a species of Sciurus.
he'-tu, adv. at that place, there.
he'-tu-dar), adv. there, then.
he'-tu-dap-hir), adv. just at that place or time.
he'-yei, n. a louse, lice.
he-ya', v. (he and eya) to say that or this, —

hepa, heha, heuijkey^
he-ya'-ke, n. clotjf, wearing apparel of any

kind.
he-y a'-ke-6ir)-lra.r), n. to-morrow ; heyakeciqhafl

saqpa and heyakecii)hai) icima, the day after

to-morrow.
he-ya'-ya, v. red. of heya ; to say much, keep

saying, — ^hepapa, hehaha, uijkeyayapi.

HEY

66

HI]^

he-ye'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to say that, — ^heye-
wakiya.

He-yo'-ka, n. the name of a Dakota god, called
by some the anti-natural god. Heyoka is repre-
sented as a little old man with a cocked hat on
his head, a bow and arrows in his hands, and a
quiver on his back. In winter he goes naked,
and in summer he wraps his buflfalo-robe around
him. See Waziya.

He-yo'-ka-ti, n. the house of Heyoka, the name
of a conical hill about ten miles east of Lac-qui-
parle. The little hUls on the prairie are also the
houses of Heyoka.

he'-yu-ga and he-yu-ga-ga, n. an appellation
of all animals that have branching horns.

he-yur)', v. a. to tie up, wrap up a pack, pack up,
— hemui), henui), heuijyuijpi.

he-yur)'-pi, «. wrapping up ; what is wrapped
around.

hi, n. a tooth, teeth ; the hit or edge of an axe ;
the point of any thing, — mahi ; widahi, human
teeth.

hi, V. n. to come to, arrive at, — wahi, yahi, u^hipi :
en mahi, he came to me.

hi-a'-pe, v. to await one^s coming, — hiawape.

hi-har)'-na, n. (Ihaijk.) morning.

hi-hda', v. See hiijhda.

hi'-hda-kir)S-kir)-za, v. to grate the teeth. See
hihda!^ii)s]fii)za.

hi'-hda-ko-kog, cont. of hihdakokoka ; hihdako-
kog waui).

hi'-hda-ko-ko-ka, v. to gnash the teeth, — hiwa-
hdakokoka.

hi'-hda-kir)S-kii)S, cont. of hihda^iqskiriza ; hi-
hda^ii)s]jcii)s waui), / am grating my teeth.

hi'-hda-kii)s-kiQ-za, v. to grate tfie teeth, — hi-
wahda^^ifls^iijza.

hi-he'-ya, v. n. (hi and iheya) to come and enter,
as a bullet or arrow.

hi-he'-ya, v. col. pi. they collect together, assem-
ble in one place.

hi-hi', adj. soft, as fur or down.

hi-hi'-dar), adj. soft, as mud, etc.; mellow, as
ground.

hi-hi'-se, adj. nappy, furry.

hi-hna', n. a husband ; mihihna, my husband ;
nihihna, thy husband.

hi-hna'-ku, n. her husband.

hi-hna'-toi), v. n. to have a husband, be mar-
ried,— hihnawatoi), hihnauijtoqpi.

hi-hna'-ya, v. a. to have for a husband, — hihna-
waya, hihnayaya, hihnauijyaijpi, hihnamayai).

hi-hnu', v. See hiqhnn.

hi-hui)'-ni, v. to come to land, — waliihugni, ui)-
hihuijnipi.

hi-h'a'-ki-ya, v. n. to show one^s teeth, to grin, —

hih'awakiya.
hi'-i-pa-sku-dag, n. (hi and ipa^ku) a pin.

Probably because the Dakotas may have seen

pins used to pick the teeth with. See hipasku-

dai).
hi-mni'-ei-ya, v. col. pi. to come, assemble to,

keep coming.
hi'-na-har)-ka, intj. stop, hold, wait a minute.
hi-nah', adv. yet, as yet. See hinahii).
hi-na'-hir), adv. yet, as yet ; used with sni, not

yet.
hi-na'-Biir)-ke-sni, adv. not yet the time.
hi'-na-ka, intj. See hinahaijka.
hi'-na-ka-ha, adv. See hii)nakaha.
hi-na'-pa, or hi-nai)-pa, v. n. to come in sight,

come out of, come up, as something planted, —

— wahinapa, uqhinapapi.
hi-na'-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to come in sight, —

hinapewaya.
hi-na'-za, n. the jaws of an arrow which hold

the point.
hi-na'-zii), v. n. (hi and naziij) to come and

stand, — wahinawaiii), yahinayaii^, hinauijiiijpi.
hii), interrog. part, equivalent to nui) he : wau hiij,

shall I come ? It is used commonly by women.
hlr), n. hair, fur, down.
hir)-a'-ka-ga, n. an owl. See hii)hai)kaga.
hir)-eir)'-ca, n. (hiqta and ciijca) a small species

of bass-wood.
hir)-hai)', v. n. to fall, as rain or snow, to rain or

snow : hii)he kta, it will rain.
hir)'-hai), n. last night.
hir)-har)', n. an oivl.

hir)-har)'-he-tor)-na, n. the homed owl, proba-
bly the Strix bubo.
hir)-har)'-ka-ga, n. an owl-
hir)-hai)'-ke, n. this end, the end this way.
hir)-har)'-sap, n. the grey owl.
hir)-har)'-sa-pa, n. the black owl.
hir)-hai)'-ska, n. a white owl.
hig-har)'-Ba, n. the red owl.
hir)-har)'-tor)-'war), n. fern, brake.
hir)'-hda, v. n. to become, commence, implying

suddenness, — mahiijhda, nihiijhda, uijhiijhdapi :

yazai) hijjhda, to become sick suddenly.
hig-he', v. n. to rain. See hiqhai).
hir)-he'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to fall, as rain or

snow, — hiijhewakiya.
hii}-he'-ya, v. a. to cause to rain, etc., — hi^jhe-

waya.
hir)-hir)'-se, adj. See hibise.
hir)-hnu', v. a. to singe of, as the dowa of »

duck, etc., — hiijwahnu, hiijyahnu.
hii)'imu' -■pi, part, singed off^

RIT^

66

HIY

hir)-hpa'-ya, v. n. to fall, fall down, — mahii)-

fipaya, nihiijhpaya, uqhiijlipayapi.
hirj-Me', n. thick fur, hair, or nap.
hir)-Me'-ya, adj. furry, rough, the fur side out,

— hiijliteya hiqmi, / wear the fur side out.
hiri-kpi'-dai), n. short hair or fur, as that on

robes taken in the summer; rohes with short

hair.
liir)'-na-ka-ha, adv. suddenly, immediately, upon

that.
hir)-se', intj. denoting impatience, used when one

is asked to tell a thing over again.
hiij-ske', n. the long upper or canine teeth of ani-
mals such as are called wamanic'a ; hence wa-

hiqske, the long-grained com ; in horses, the

teeth that fall out when they are three years old ;

in man, some say the molar teeth, others say the

canine teeth, are called hii)ske.
hiij'-sko, adv. so big, so large.
hlri'-sko-ke-ca, adv. so large, so great.
hii)'-sko-sko-ke-ea, adv. red. of hiqskokeca.
hir)'-sko-sko-ya, adv. red. of higskoya.
hir)'-sko-tar)-ka, adv. so great.
hli)'-sko-ya, adv. so far around, thus far.
hil)-ska', n. (Ihai)k.) the string with which they

pack. See tehmiso.
hii)-ski'-zu-pi, n. a fish-hook.
hii)'-sko-dai), adv. so small. Why this is not

hiflskodai), corresponding with the rest of the

family, I cannot tell ; but in this tiij^kodaq re-
sembles it.
hlr)'-ta. See kahi;(ta, etc
hir)'-ta, n. the bass, linden or lime wood : higta

cap, bass-wood, Tilia.
hir(-te', intj. expressive oi disbelief.
hirj-tkai)', n. the common cat-tail or Typha.
kir)-tkar)'-hu, n. the Typha stalk.
hir('-tkar)-lia-ka, n. water-moss. Called also

minihii)tkai)liaka.
hig-tka'-za-pi, n. the bundles of linden bark

which the Dakotas prepare for tying rice.
hir)-tkur)', v. i. q. yuMa : peii hiijtkuq mda, I go

to get grass. Not in general use.
hir)-tpi'-dar), n. any thing with short fur ; a

summer robe. Same as hiqkpidai).
hir)-ya'-fi.il), adv. yet, as yet ; with sni, not yet,

as, hii)yahii) ecamog ^ni, / have not yet done it.

See hinahii).
liii)-ya'-Mr)-ke-sni, adv. not yet, the time is

not yet.
llii)-yar('-ka-ga, n. an owl. Same as hiohaij-

kaga.
hir(-yai)'-pa, v. n. to come in sight, come up out

of, as one diving. See hinapa.
hiQ-yaqs'-ya, v. a. to provoke, — hinyaijswaya.

hiQ-yar)S'-ya, adv. sternly, crossly.
hir)-yar)'-za, v. n. to be stem, cross, — mahiij-

yariza : tawacii) hii)yai)za, to be of a surly dispo-
sition.
hir)-yar)'-ze-ea, n. one who is stern or cross.
hir)-ya'-ta-or)-pa, v. a. to lay on the shoulder, —

hiijyatawaoppa. See hiyetaoppa.
hil)-ya'-ta-ZU, v. a. to put into one's blanket on

the arm, as an Indian does, — hipyatawaiu. Also

hiyetazu.
hir)-ya'-zi-ce, n. fur, down, swan's down.
hir)-ye'-te, n. the shoulder, whole shoulder. See

hiyete.
hir)'-zi-zi-dar), n. thin hair, as that on one's

hands and arms.
hi'-pa-sku, v. to pick the teeth, — hiwapasku.
hl'-pa-sku-dax), n. a pin, pins. See hiipasku-

dai).
hl-psi'-ea, v. to jump down, as from a horse, —

wahipsica.
hi'-psor)-psor)-na, n. teeth on edge. See psog-

psoijna.
hi-ti'-hda, v. a. to loathe, dislike, as food, — hiti-

wahda, hitiyahda, hitiuphdapi.
hi-ti'-hda-ya, v. a. to cause to loathe or dislike,

— hitihdawaya.
hi-tur)'-ka, n. a mouse, mice.
hi-tug'-ka-dai), n. a mouse, mice.
hi-tur)'-ka-na, n. (Ihaqk.) Same as hitutjkadap.
hl-tur)'-ka-kar(, v. to tell tales or traditions, —

hituijwakakai), hiturjuqkakaijpi.
hi-tui)'-ka-kar)-pi, n. tales, legends, traditions.
hi-tur)'-ka-sai), n. the weasel, ermine ; of the

genus Mustela.
hi-tur)'-ka-sar)-na, n. the weasel, ermine.
hi-tur)'-psi-ea-dai), n. the field-mouse.
hi-tur)'-psi-psi-ea-dai), n. the field-mouse.
hi-'war)', v. imperat. look here, halloo. See hiwo.
lli-'War)'-ka, v. n. to come and camp or spend the

night, — wahimugka, yahinuijka, uijhiwaijkapi.
hi-VTo', V. imperat. look here, halloo.
hi-ya', adv. of negation ; no.
hi-ya'-dar), intj. not so ! A bye word.
hi-ya'-hai), v. n. to come and stand on, — wahi-

yawahai), yahiyayahaij, ui)hiyaui)hai)pi.
hi-ya'-hde, v. n. to reach to, lead to, as a road ;

to come uj>on one, — mahiyahde, nihiyahde, ui)hi-

yahdepi.
hi-ya'-hde-ya, v. a. to cause to reach to ; to

bring upon one, — hiyahdewaya, hiyahdeugyai)pi.
hi-ya'-hde-ya, adv. reaching to, leading to.
hi-ya'-ka-pta, v. n. to come over, as a stream or

hill, — wahiyawakapta, yahiyayakapta.
hi'-yai)-ka, v. n. to come again and again, to

keep coming, — wahimagka, yahinaqka.

HIY

67

HO

hl-ya'-ya, v. n. to come and pass along, go hy,

go past, — wahimdamde, yahidade, uqhiyayapi.
hi-ya'-yar)-pa, v. (hi and ayaijpa) to come morn-
ing on one.
lu-ye'-ta-or)-pa, v. a. to place on the shoulder, —

hiyetawaoijpa. Also hiqyataoijpa.
hi-ye'-ta-zu, v. a. to put into one's blanket on the

arm, — hiyetawaiu. See also hiqyatazu.
hi-ye'-te, n. the shoulder. See also hiijyete.
hi-ye'-ya, v. n. to be : hiyeye cii), those who

are, all ; taku hiyeye ciq, all things ; oyate hiye-

ya oil), all people ; uqhiyeyapi, we are.
hi-ye'-ya, v. n. to become ; to cause to be. See

iyeya.
hi-yo'-hi, v. n. to come to, arrive at, reach to, —

wahiyohi, yahiyohi, mahiyohi, uijhiyohipi.
hi-yo'-hi, v. (Ihaqk.) to come for ; i. q. huwe hi,

— hiyowahi, hiyoyahi, hiyouqhipi.
hi-yo'-hi-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to come or reach

to, — hiyohiwakiya.
hi-yo'-hi-ya, v. a. to cause to reach, — hiyohiwa-

ya, hiyohiuqyaqpi.
hi-yo'-hi-ya, adv. reaching to.
hi-yo'-hpa-ya, v. n. to fall into, come and fall

in ; to come into a road ; to join, as one road

does another, — wahiyowahpamda and wahiyo-

hpaya, yahiyohpaya and yahiyoyahpada, uijhiyo-

hpayapi.
hi-yo'-hpe-ya, v. a. to cause to fall into, cast

into, bring and put into, as food into a dish, — hi-

yohpewaya.
hi-yo'-pa-psoi), v. to throw or dash, as water,

into a boat.
hi'-yo-tar)-ka, v. n. (hi and iyotaijka) to come

and sit down ; to establish oneself at a place, —

wahimdotaijka, yahidotaqka, ui)hiyotai)kapi.
hi-yu', V. n. to come forth, as a child born ; to

come, come towards, — hibu, hidu, and wahihbu,

yahihdu, uijhiyupi, hidupi and yahihdupi.
hi-yu'-M-ei-ci-ya, v. a. to hand to one his own,

— hiyuwecidiya, hiyumididiya.
hi-3ru'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to come to ; to hand

to, — hiyuwakiya, hiyuyakiya, hiyuuijkiyapi.
hi-yu'-ya, v. a. to cause to come to, to send or hand

to ; to throw up from the stomach, vomit, — hiyu-

■waya, hiyuyaya, hiyuui)yai)pi.
hma, n. the black walnut, black walnuts.
hma-hu', n. the black walnut-tree, Juglans

nigra.
hmi-hbe', v. n. Same as hmihma.
hmi-hbe'-ya, adv. round and round, going

round.
hmi-hma', v. n. to go round, like a wheel.
hmi-hmi'-yar), adj. round, Uke a ball.
hmi-hmi'-yag-yai), adj. red. of hmibmiya^.

hmi-yai)', adj. round, as a wheel. •>'^ /iA

hnu-yar)'-na, orf;'. roundish. Same ashmiyai).

hmi-yag'-yai), adj. red. of hmiyai).

hmi-yar)'-yai)-na, n. any little round things.

hmoi), adj. twisted. See hmu and hmui).

hmu or hmui), adj. twisted. See kahmuij,
yuhmup, etc.

hmugg, cont. of hmuijka : ^uqktokeca hmuqg
waui), / am trapping wolves.

hinui)-hinui)'-za, adj. red. of hmurjza.

hinui)'-ka, v. a. to set a trap, to trap any thing,
to catch in a trap, — wahmu^ka, yahmuijka, uq-
hmuijkapi.

hmuQs'-nma, adj. smelling like fish.

hmuQ-'wa'-hai), part. See hmuwahai).

hinur)'-za, adj. slimy, fish-like, smelling strong,
like spoiled meat.

hmus, cont. of hmuza. See iohmus.

hmus'-ya, adv. shut up.

hmu-"wa'-har), part, becoming twisted of itself.

hmu'-za, adj. shut, as the mouth, hand, etc. See
ohmuza.

hna. See yuhna.

hnag, cont. of hnaka.

hna'-har), part, fallen off of itself, as fruit.

hna'-ka, v. a. to lay or place, lay away ; to lay
up, as the dead on scaffolds, hence, to bury the
dead ; to have by one, as takudai) hnake ^ni, he has
nothing laid by him, — wahnaka, uijhnakapi. From
this are derived ahnaka, ehnaka, kihnaka, and
ohnaka.

hna'-ka-pi, n. dead persons laid atvay ; hence
graves, tombs.

hna-ska', ». the common frog. See also na^ka.

hna-ska'-can-di-dai), n. a small kind of frog ;
the tree-frog.

hna-skii)'-yar), v. n. to be oppressed, overcome,
possessed, as of devils, — mahnaskiijyaq.

hna-"wa'-har), jmrt. Same as hnahai).

hna'-yar), v. a. to deceive, cheat, take advantage
of, — wahnayai), yahnayai), uqhnayaijpi, mahna-
yai) ; cihnayai), / deceive thee ; i^ihnayai), to de-
ceive oneself, — mi^ihnayar).

hni-hda', v. n. to pass by a place going home.
This is used only in the third person ; the other
persons are formed from the obsolete hdiyahda,
as wahdiyahda, yahdiyahda, uijhdiyahdapi.

hni-na'-pa or hni-nai)-pa, v. n. to come forth ;
to return ; to come out of any place going home ;
to rise, as from the dead, — wahninapa. Same as
hdinapa.

hnu'-ni, v. n. waciijhnuni, to be bewildered, de-
ranged,— wac'ii)mahnuni : to be bewildered or lost,
as in trying to follow tracks, — wahnuni, yahnuni.

ho, adv. of affirmation, yes, yea.

HO

68

HOK

ho, n. the voice either of a man or of any animal
or thing ; sound in general, — maho, niho, urihopi,
wicaho.
ho, n. cont. of hogaq ; fish ; a fish-net.
ho, V. n. imperat. only ; come on, come now, — ho

wo, ho po, ho miye. See iho.
ho-a'-pe, n. (hogaij and ape) fish-fins.
ho'-bu, n. a rough, unpleasant voice, — homabu.
ho'-bu-ki-ya, v. n. to speak with a gruff, un-
pleasant voice, — hobuwakiya.
ho-ea'-ka, n. (hogaij and caka) fish-gills.
ho-ee'-spu, n. fish-scales ; warts. See cespu.
ho-co'-ka, n. a court-yard, an area surrounded

by tents or houses : tahocoka, his court.
ho-da'-za-ta, adv. outside of a circle of tents.
ho'-e-6a-lie, adv. See hoecahe, the correct form,
ho-ga'-har), n. a rough, loud voice, — homagahai).
ho-gar)', «. fish; the generic name.
ho-gar)'-mna, adj. (hogaq and omna) smelling

like fish, fishy.
ho-gai)'-stir)-na, «. {hogaq and cistirina) little

fish, such as minnows.
ho-gag'-tar)-ka, n. big fish, the name given to

whales.
ho-gar)'-"wi-ea-sta-snl, n. trout or salmon, lit.

ill-behaved fish.
ho'-ga-ta, n. a rough voice, — homagata.
ho'-gi-ta, adj. hoarse, as a person's voice when he
has taken cold, — homagita, honigita, houqgitapi.
ho'-hda-gi-ta, v. pos. of hoyagita ; to make one-
self hoarse by speaking, — howahdagita.
Ho'-he, n. p. the Assiniboin Indians. Long ago

they belonged to the Dakota nation.
ho'-ho, intj. Used when there is something said

which is not liked.
ho-ho', adj. loose, as a tooth.
ho-ho'-dai), adj. loose, that can he shaken or

moved : hi mahohodai), my teeth are loose.
ho-ho'-pi-ea-sni, adj. immovable.
ho-ho'-pi-ca-sni-yai), adv. immovably.
ho-hui)'-ka, n. a mother-fish, i.e. an old fish.
Ho-hno'-gi-ea, n. a Dakota god, a fabulous

being, the same as Caijolidai).
Ho-Cno'-gi-ea-dai), n. dim. of Hohnogica.
ho-hpa', V. n. to cough, — howahpa.
ho-Bipa'-pi, n. coughing, having a cold : hohpa-

pi emaceca, / have a bad cough.
ho-hpi', n. a nest, bird's nest.
ho-hpi'-ya, v. a. to have for a nest, make a nest

of, — hohpiwaya.
ho-i'-eu-"wa, n. (hogaq and kuwa) a fish-hook,

fishing apparatus.
ho-i-yo'-hpa-ya, v. n. to become hoarse, by the
wind blowing on one and affecting the voice, —
hoiyoraahpaya.

ho'-i-yo-tpe-ya, v. a. to cast a net in fishing, —

hoiyohpewaya.
ho-i-yo'-ki-se, n. half of a company, half of a

camp.
ho'-i-yu-psi-6e, n. a fish-hook.
ho-ka', n. a kind of fish.
ho-k'a', n. the heron, of the genus Ardea.
ho-k'a'-gi-ea, n. the snipe, a small kind of heron

of the genus Scolopax.
ho-k'a'-gi-ea-dai), n. dim. of hok'agica.
ho'-ka-psar)-psai)-i-a, v. to whine, — hokapsaq-

psariiwaa.
ho-k'a'-sai)-na, n. a kind of heron or snipe.
ho-k'a'-to, n. the blue heron.
ho-ksi'-ee-kpa, «. a blue wild fiower, which ap-
pears first in the spring.
ho-ksi'-ee-kpa, or ho-ksi-ce-kpa-pi, n. twins.
ho-ksi'-ee-tpa, n. a twin or twins ; a blue

fiower, which appear! early in the spring. Same

as hoksicekpa.
ho-ksi'-eo-pa, n. (Sisit.) a child ; i. q. hoksiyo-

kopa.
ho-ksi'-dar), n. a hoy, — ^homak^daq, honik^i-

dai) ; houijk^ipidai), we are hoys.
ho-ksi'-ka, adj. yet a hoy, under age, — ^homa-

_ ksika.
ho-ksi'-ke-sni, adj. of age, not a hoy ; John

ix. 21, — ^homaksike^ni, honik^ike^ni.
ho-ksi'-ksu-ya, v. n. to travail, be in childbirth,

— hoksinwaksuya, hokiinyaksuya.
ho-ksi'-la, n. (Titoi).) Same as hok^idai).
ho-hsin', cont. of hok^ina or hok^idai).
ho-ksi'-na, n. (Ihaijk.) Same as hoksidai).
ho-ksin'-earjt-ki-ya-pi, n. the beloved son, one

universally esteemed ; the heir to the throne.
ho-ksin'-i-kpi-hna-ka, v. «. to he with child, be

pregnant, — hoksinikpiwahnaka.
ho-ksin'-i-tpi-hna-ka, v. n. to be pregnant.

Same as hoksinikpihnaka.
ho-ksin'-ka-ga, v. a. to beget a child, — hok^in-

wakaga.
ho-ksin'-kil), v. a. to carry or pack a child on

the back, — hok^inwaljcii).
ho-ksin'-"wir)-kta, v. to he angry and act like a

child, be pettish, — hokMnmawii)kta.
ho-ksin'-"wi-tko-dai), v. to be childish, silly.
ho-ksin'-3ru-ha, v. to give birth to a child, — ^ho-

k^inmduha.
ho-ksi'-VTig, n. See hok^iwi^na.
ho-ksi'-'wlrj-na, n. a virgin, one who has not

had a husband.
ho-ksi'-yo-ko-pa, n. (hoksidai) and okopa) a
baby, a very little child ; but figuratively applied
to grown persons, — homak^iy okopa, hougk^iyo-
kopapi.

HOK

69

HOW

ho-ksi'-yo-pa, n. a child, hoy or girl, — homa-

ksiyopa, honik^iyopa, hou^kiiyopapi.
ho-ku'-'wa, V. (hogaq and kuwa) to fish, take or
catch fish in any way, either by hook, net, or
spear, — howakuwa ; hokuwa mda, I go a fish-
ing.
h.o'-mna, ac?;'. smelling like fish, fishy. Same as

hogaqmna.
ho'-mna-yajQ, v. to gather or collect fish for a

feast, — homnawaya.
ho-mni', adj. round, going round. See ohomni,

yuhomni, etc.
ho-na'-gi-dar), n. the common house-fiy.
hor), n. See hui).
hog'-ku, n. See huijku.
h.or)-pe', n. the stick used in digging tipsiqna or

Indian turnips ; a pestle.
ho'-pir)S, cont. of hopiijza.
ho'-pii)S-ki-ya, v. a. to make the voice squeak,

to speak with a squeaking voice.
ho'-pir)-za, n. a small squeaking voice, — homa-

piqza.
ho-pog'-ka, n. a gnat, gnats, of the genus Culex.
ho-por)'-ka-dar), n. a gnat, gnats.
ho'-psi-ea, v. a. (hogai) and yupsica) to make
fish jump, to take fish with a hook and line,
— homdupsica. See hoyupsica.
ho'-psin, cont. of hopsic'a ; hopsin ya, to go a fish-
ing,— hopsin mda.
ho-sa'-mna, adj. smelling like fish, fishy.
ho-se'-"wi-iima, adj. smelling like fish.
h.O-si', V. (ho and si) to command the voice, i. e.
to tell news, take word to one. It is always used
with other verbs.
h.o-si'-hda, v. (hosi and hda) to carry word home,

— hosiwahda.
ho-si'-hdi, v. (hosi and hdi) to bring ward home.
ho-si'-hdi-cu, v. (hosi and hdicu) to start home

icith news, — hosiwahdicu.
h.O-si'-hi, V. (hosi and hi) to arrive with intelli-
gence,— hosiwahi.
ho-si'-i, V. (hosi and i) to have been at to carry

word, — hosiwai.
ho-si'-i-ya-ya, v. (ho^i and iyaya) to have gone

to carry word.
ho-si'-ka-hda, v. (ho^i and kahda) to carry home

word to one.
ho-si'-ka-hdi, v. (hosi and kahdi) to bring word

home to one.
ho-si'-ka-hi, v. {hoii and kahi) to bring word to

one.
ho-si'-ka-i, v. (ho^i and kai) to have taken word

to one.
ho-si'-ka-ki, v. Qxoii and kaki) to have taken
word home to one.

ho-si'-ka-ya, v. (hosi and kaya) to take word to
one, — ^hosiwakamda, hosiyakada.

ho-si'-ki, V. (hosi and ki) to have reached home
with news.

ho-si'-ku, V. (ho^i and ku) to be coming home
with a message.

ho-siij'-ya-se-ea, n. the sucker, a kind of fish.
See pahteca.

ho-si'-U, V. {hoi\ and u) to come with a mes-
sage.

h.o-si'-ya v. (hosi and ya) to go to take a mes-

ho-sur)'-pe-sda, n. tadpoles.

ho'-ta-deir), n. a small sharp-hilled duck.

ho'-ta-dar), n. a swing, as a grape vine attached
to a tree above.

ho'-ta-dar)-ki-cui), v. n. to swing, swing round,
— hotadai) wecui), hotadaq uqkiduqpi.

ho'-tai)-ir), v. n. to have the voice heard, — ho-
mataijii).

ho'-tar)-ka, n. the sturgeon, a kind of fish of the
genus Acipenser.

ho'-tar)-ka-ki-ya, adv. with a great or loud
voice : hotaijkakiya ia, to speak with a loud
voice.

Ho-tar)'-ke, n. p. the Winnebago Indians.

ho'-taij-ke, n. a loud or great voice.

ho'-ta-pi-sko, ». a swing : hotapiiko kicug, to
swing. Hotadai) is generally used.

Ho-ta'-'wa, n. p. the Otawas or Otoe Indians.

ho-toi)', v. to cry out, put forth the voice, howl,
as animals ; to crow, as a cock, hence agpaoho-
toqna ; to thunder, as wakigyai) hoto^, it thun-
ders.

ho-tor)'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to bawl or cry out,
— hotoijwakiya.

ho-te'-ca, n. dead fish, such as are found in the
spring, having been frozen in the ice.

ho'-U-ki-ya, v. a. to make the voice go to, i. e.
to cry out to one, — ^houwakiya, houuijkiyapi, hou-
makiya : houc'idiya, / cry out to thee.

ho'-u-ya, v. a. to send the voice to, cry out to one,
— houwaya, houuijyaijpi.

ho-"wa'-kar), n. the large spotted pike is some-
times so called.

ho-"wa'-mdu-ska, n. (hogai) and wamduska)
an eel, so called from its being both fish and
snake.

ho-vra'-mdu-ska-dar), n. dim. of howamdu^ka.

ho-vra'-mdu-ska-na, n. (Ihaijk.) an eel.

ho'-vra-na-se-ki-ya-pi, h. a large fish-net.

ho-'wa'-sa-pa, n. (hogaij owasii) and sapa) the
cat-fish, so called from its being all black.

ho-"wa'-sa-pa-dai), n. a small species of cat-
fish, th4 bull-head.

HOW

70

HUl^

ho-^wa'-ya, v. n. to cry out, groan, — waho-
wamda, yahowada: ^idahowaya, to cry out
badly : wasicahowamda.

ho'-ya, V. there is fish ; said when fish assemble
in one place and die there : hoya kta, there will
be fish.

ho-ya', V. to use the voice of another, as to have
another sing in one's stead, — howaya, hociya.

ho'-ya-gi-ta, v. (ho and yagita) to make the
voice hoarse by speaking, — homdagita.

ho-ye', V. imperat. Same as howo. Ye and pe
are the precatory terminations of the imperative
mood, and the forms used by the women.

ho'-ye-ki-ya, v. a. (ho and yekiya) to cry to,
call to, pray to, — hoyewakiya, hoyeyakiya, hoye-
u^kiyapi.

ho'-ye-ya, v. a. (ho and yeya) to cause the voice
to go to, — hoyewaya, hoyeuijya^pi.

ho'-yu-Bd, n. a ring in timber, a year's growth ;
a line or wrinkle in the skin of a person.

ho'-yu-psi-ca, v. a. to make fish jump, i. e. to
catch fish with a hook and line, — homdupsica,
houqyupsidapi.

ho'-yu-sde-ea, n. wrinkles.

ho'-yu-sde-ee-toi), v. n. to have wrinkles, to be-
come old, — hoyusdecewatoij.

ho-zi'-zi-dai), n. (hogai) and zizi) the perch, a
kind of fish. See siqtaka.

hu, V. a. to copulate, have intercourse with a fe-
male,— wahu, yahu, uijhupi.

h.u, n. a bone, bones, — mihu, nihu, wicahu ; the
leg, legs of a person or animal, as humayukai),
/ have legs ; the stock or stem of any thing, as
of a plant, tree, etc. ; the wheel of a waggon,
etc. See huha and huhu.

hu-a'-ki-pe, n. See huwakipe.

hu-eai)', n. (hu and 6a,j)) the stock of a gun ; the
shaft of an arrow.

hu-ha', n. the limbs, members of the body, as the
legs and arms ; the legs of any thing, as of a ket-
tle.

hu-ha'-sa-pe-daj), n. (huha and sapa) the black-
legged fox.

hu-ha'-sa-dai), n. (huha and sa) the red-legged
fox.

hu-ha'-tor), v. n. (huha and toi)) to have legs or
limbs, — huhawatoi) .

hu-ha'-to-pa, n. (huha and topa) a quadruped,
the wolf in particular.

hu-ha'-ya, v. a. to have for members, use for
legs, — huhawaya.

hu'-hde, V. a. (hu and hde) to set out, plant out,
as a young tree or plant of any kind, — huwahde,
huuijhdepi.

hu-hde'-pi, n. things set out, plants.

hu-hu', n. a bone, bones, of the bone kind : maza
huhu, arm-bands, probably because at first they
were made of bone.

hu-hus', cont. of huhuza.

hu-hus'-ya, v. a. to cause to shake, to shake,
— huhuswaya.

hu-hus '-y a, adv. in a shaking manner.

hu-hu'-to-pa-o-'wa-hde, n. the large end of
the thigh-bone.

hu-hu'-za, adj. shaking, trembling, — mahuhuza,
nihuhuza.

hu-hu '-za-har), part, shaken, shaking.

hu'-h'a, n. bones bare or stripped of flesh, a skele-
ton : tihuh'a, the skeleton of a house, as when the
poles of a lodge are left standing.

hu'-ha-ka, n. a spear for killing muskrats.

hu'-h'a-pi, n. a skeleton.

hu'-h'a-ya, adv. skeleton-like, as the poles of a
tent : huh'aya hai), to stand as a skeleton.

hu-hba', n. a kind of large water-grass, the stalks
of which are eaten by the Dakotas.

hu-hna'-ga, v. See huhnaga, the more correct
form.

hu-ii)'-yur), adv. See huiyui).

hu-i'-yui), adv. on foot : huiyui) mda, I go cm
foot.

hu-i'-yuij-ken, adv. on foot, walking.

hu-ku'-hu, intj. When a deer is brought into
camp, the children shout hukuhu. — S. W. Pond.

hu-kun', adv. under, beneath.

hu-ku'-ya, adv. below, under, at the lowest
jjlace.

hu-mdo', n. the shin-bone.

hu-na'-pta, v. to be lame : sidogai) nawapta, /
have sprained my ankle. Said when the muscle
is so injured as to make one lape.

hu-na'-ste, v. to sprain one's leg, — hunawa^te.

hu'-nl. See hihuni.

hu'-nor)-pa, n. (hu and noi)pa) a biped, man, in
the sacred language.

hur), n. mother, — nihui), thy mother ; hugku, his
or her mother. See ina, my mother.

hui)-hur)'-he, intj. alas !

hur)h, n. some, a part.

hur)h'-na-na, adv. only a part.

hur)-ka', n. a parent or ancestor ; an elder bro-
ther is often so called, — mihuqka ; oyie who has
raised himself or herself in the estimation of the
people so as to be considered as a kind of benefac-
tor or parent of all ; the sun is sometimes so call-
ed from his munificence.

hur)-ka'-ke, n. an ancestor, — mihuijkake, nihui)-
kake, wicahuijkake.

hur)-ka'-ke-ya, v. a. to have for an ancestor, —
huijkakewaya, huijkakeuQyaijpi.

HU]^

n

HAH

hur)-ka'-'war)-zl, n. a brother, one of the same

family, — mihuqkawaijii, nihuijkawaijii.
hur)-ka'--wai)-zin-ki-6i-ya-pi, n. brethren.
hur)-ka'-"war)-ziii-ya, v. a. to have for a bro-
ther, count as brother, — huijkawaijiinwaya.
hur)-ka'--wai)-zi-tku, n. his brother.
h.ui)-ka'-ya, v. to consider and honor as huqka,

— huqkawaya, huijkauqyaijpi.
huij-ka'-ya-pi, n. one who is called huqka. Used

also for deacon or elder ; the sun.
hur)'-ke-sni, v. n. to be slow, not fast, in walking

or working, — wahuijkesni, yahui)ke^ni, ur)hur)ka-

pisni : caijte huijkefoi, low-spirited.
hUQ-kti'-ya, v. imperat. only ; go away, go

along, get out of the way, — hugktiya wo.
hui)'-ku, n. his or her mother.
hur)'-ku.-ya, v. a. to call mother, have for mother,

— huqkuwaya, huflkuyaya.
hur)-pe', n. See hoijpe.

hur)-ska', n. leggins ; hugska otoi), to wear leg-
gins.
huQ-ska'-ya, v. a. to have for leggins, make

leggins of, — liuijskawaya.
hur)-ski'-ca-he, n. garters.
hvLT)-Ste', adv. well, at any rate; edaxaoi) kta

huij^te, / will do it at any rate; hecetu kte

huq^te, well, so it will be.
hug'-tka, n. a large water-fowl, the cormorant.
hu-pa'-hu, n. the knee ; the knee-pan, patella.
hu-pa'-za-hde, v. to sit with the knees bent up.
hu-pa'-za-hde-ya, adv. hupazahdeya waqka, to

lie on the back with the knees sticking up.
hu-sar)'-him, adj. very lean ; i. q. tamateca

Mgca.
hu-sdi', n. the lower part of the leg, just above

the ankle ; the ankle.
hu'-stag, cont. of liustaka.
hu'-stag-ya, v. a. to enfeeble, — hustagwaya.
hu'-sta-ka, v. n. to be faint, weak, weary, feeble,

lame, — humastaka.
hu-ste', adj. lame, — humaste, huniste, huuijstepi.
hu-ste'-ken, adv. lamely : hu^teken mani.
hu-ste '-y a, v. a. to make lame, — huBtewaya.
hu-ste '-y a, adv. limpingly.
hu-ste'-ya-ken, adv. lamely.
hu'-ta, n. the root of a tree or plant : cag huta,

a stump with sprouts, the bottom of a tree.
hu-ta', n. the shore or margin of a river or lake ■

the edge of a prairie or wood.
hu'-ta-hu, n. the part on top of the leg-bone, the

shin-bone.
hu'-tam, adv. cont. of hutapa ; hutam yeye c'ii),

along the shore.
hu'-tam-ya, adv. by the edge or shore ; at the

time of need or extremity. See hutamyaken.

hu'-tam-ya-ken, adv. by the edge or shore ; at

the time of need, in one's extremity : hutamya-

ken omayakiye ^ni, you did not help me when I

was most in need.
hu-ta'-na-ku-te, v. n. to play with the hutina-

cute ; to throw a stick so as to make it slide along

on the snow, — hutanawakute.
hu-ta'-pa, adv. out back ; i. q. daijyata.
hu-ta'-ta, adv. at the shore or edge ; to the shore ;

to the woods or interior : hutata uijyaiipi.
hu-ta'-ta-ki-ya, adv. towards the shore.
hu'-te, n. the bottom, as of a tree, the lowest part,

root : caijhute, the roots of a tree.
hu-ti'-na-cu-te, n. a long stick with a large head,

which the Dakotas make sUde on the snow or

ice.
hu-tkai)', n. a root, the roots of trees, plants, etc.
hu-tkarj'-o-mdo-toi), n. (hutkag and omdotoi))

the square root, in arithmetic.
hut-o'-tkog-za, n. a bluff shore with deep water

below.
hu-to'-ske, adj. broad at one end, tapering.
hu-"wa'-ki-pe, n. the smaller bones in the lower

leg and fore-arm : cagkpe huwa^cipe, the fibula;

i^pa huwa^^ipe, the ulna.
hu-"wa'-pa, n. an ear of com, com unshelled.

See wahuwapa.
hu-^wa'-pa-hpe, n. See huwapahpe.
hu-"we', V. to bring, fetch. Used with other

verbs, as huwe ya, to go to bring, — huwe mda ;

huwe i, to have been for ; huwe hi, to have come

for.
hu-ya', V. to have for a bone, have for a staff or

leg, — huwaya.
hu-ya'-ta, adv. in the leg.
hu-yo'-ka-hmir), n. the hollow behind the knee.
h"WO, adv. interrogative. Commonly used when the

speaker is at a distance : told da hwo, where are

you going ?

H.

h, the tenth letter of the Dakota alphabet. It repre-
sents a deep surd guttural.

ha, adj. curled, rough. See yuha, to curl.

ha, n. a curl.

ha, V. a. to bury, as a dead person, or as corn
in holes or caches, — waha, ughapi.

h'a, adj. grey or mixed, as black and white, the
black appearing under the white, as in the bad-
ger.

ha-ha', adj. red. of lia ; curling, curled. See yu-
haha.

ha-ha', n. waterfalls, so called from the curling
of the waters ; esp. the Falls of St. Anthony,

HAH

12

HDA

Ha-Bia'-nido-te, w. the mouth of the St. Peter's

or Minnesota river.
Ha-ha'-tor)-"wai), n. p. the Chippewa or Ojibwa

Indians, the name given to them by the Dakotas,

as those who make their village at the falls.
Ha-fia'-'wa-kpa, n. the Mississippi river, lit. river

of the falls.
lia'-ka, adj. branching, having many prongs, as

some deer's horns. See hehaka.
fiia-ka', adj. ruffled, not smooth, made rough, as a

feather.
£a-kpa', adj. not straight or level, a little curved ;

ruffled.
haza, cont. of hapa ; ham hiqhda and ham iyaya,

to start up, as something scared.
ham-Biain'-ya, v. red. of hamya.
liajn-ta'-pa, v. red. of hapa.
ham-Ra'-pe-dar), n. the name given to silJc

cloth of any kind, probably from the rustling

noise made in handling it.
]ia-inna', adj. smelling like stale meat, tainted.
Ram-ya', v. a. to frighten or scare away any

thing, as wild animals ; to drive off, — hamwaya.
£iai), n. a scab : hag hiqhpaya, the scab has fal-
len off.
liar), v. n. to do, work, act, in any way, — wahai),

uqhaijpi : token yahai) he, what are you doing ?
Rai)-di'-ta, v. n. to he active, make progress in

work : haijdita waur), / am active.
hag-dl'-ta-ya, v. a. to spur one up, — hagdita-

waya : har)ditai(Jiya, to spur oneself up, — hagdi-

tami<Jiya.
RaQ-di'-ta-ya, adv. actively.
&ai)-har)'-ska, v. n. to be long-winded, not soon

tired.
BLar)-hi', v. n. to be slow at work, advance slowly

or leisurely, — haijwahi, haijuijhipi.
tag-hi'-ka, n. one who is slow at work, one who

is incapable, — haqwahika.
hag-hi'-ki-ya, adv. slowly, carefully, as in

finishing a piece of work.
liai)-hi'-ya, adv. slowly, with difficulty.
haq-hi', adj. sloppy, slushy.
liar)-i'-ta, v. n. to give out at work, be laid up

by work, — liai)imata.
har)-i'-te-ya, v. a. to cause to give out at work,

— hai)itewaya.
hari'-i-yo-kpa-ni, v. See haqokpani.
har)'-i-yo-tpa-ni, v. See haijotpani.
har)-o'-kpa-lii, v. n. to be unable to reach or to

do, unable to accomplish ; haijokpani wauri,/a»i

unable to accomplish.
fi.ar)-o'-kpa-ni-yar), v. a. to cause to fail of ac-
complishing,— haijokpaniwaya, liai)okpaniui)yai)-

pij.,>. .■:-■■:.,' ■■

liar)-o'-tpa-ni, v. n. Same as haqokpani.

fiar)-o'-tpa-ni-yar), v. Same as haijokpaniyai).

liar)-pi'-ea, v. that can he done : token haripida
sni, it cannot he done.

KiaQ-te', n. the cedar, of the gemis Juniperus
and Cupressus.

K.ar)-te'-sa, n. See ha:r)tesadai].

har)-te'-sa-dar), n. the red cedar, Juniperus vir-
ginius.

)iai)-yar)', v. n. to fail, decline, sink away, as in
sickness ; to be near death, i. q. waijna te kta ; to
be very tired, — haijwaya, haiju^yaijpi.

]iar)-ye'-ea, v, n. to fail, decline, sink away, as in
approaching death, — hariwayec'a.

Ra'-pa. See kahapa.

]ia'-pa, V. n. to make a rustling noise, as in
leaves or bushes, to rustle.

lia-tpa', adj. ruffled, as feathers or hair. See
hakpa.

lilia, adj. sleepy, drowsy, — mahba, uijhbapi, wi-
c'ahba.

filja'-ka, adj. sleepy, mild, gentle, — mahbaka.

tba'-ya, v. a. to make sleepy, — hbawaya.

fiba'-ya, adv. mildly, gently.

Rba'-ye-dar), adv. softly, gently, mildly : hbaye-
dag waur).

hbog'-ya, adv. collected, together.

£bo'-ka. See kahboka.

libu, V. n. to make a noise as in chewing snow or
ice, to make a crunching noise.

hbu-Rbu', V. red. of hbu.

Bibu-'wa'-hai), part, crumbled, as ice or snow in
the Spiing.

lica, n. a flower, blossom. See wahca.

hea, V. n. to blossom ; hca aya, to bloom or blos-
som.

Rea, adv. cont. of hiqca.

Rca-'wa'-lie-ea, adj. slovenly. See hc'oya.

B,6a'-ya, v. n. to blossom.

hea'-ya, adv. blossoming.

Yici, adj. broken out in gaps. See kahci.

hei, n. a gap, as in the edge of an axe.

hei-har)', part, broken out, as a piece from the
edge of an axe ; torn out, as the ear by ear-
rings.

£ci-hei', red. of hci ; gapped.

liei-'wa'-har), part, broken out in gaps, gapped.

lico, adj. slovenly, slatternly.

Rco'-ka, adj. slovenly, — mahcoka.

fico'-ya, adv. in a slovenly manner.

Bieo'-ya-ken, adv. slovenlily.

hda, v. n. to rattle.

hda-Rda', v. red. of hda. See mazahdahda.

hda-b.da', n. a rattle.

hda-hda'-ya, adv. rattling, loosely.

HDA

73

HMI

hda-hda'-ye-da^, adv. not securely, loosely :
fidaidayedar) wahnaka, I placed it loosely.

hda-fida'-yen, adv. not securely; idahdayen
hnake ^ni, he has not placed it in securely.

tdali-ya', adv. to a distance, i. q. tehaij ; remov-
ing.

hdah-ye'-ca, v. n. to remove or go off to a dis-
tance : hdahyec'e ^ni, it does not go off, said of deer
or other animals that stay about in the same place.

lida-ya', adv. rattling ; not safely.

tda-yen', adv. not securely or safely.

hdi, V. n. to break out in sores, be sore, raw, —
mahdi, uijhdipi : daijkahu hdi, to have a sore
back, as a horse.

h.di, n. a running sore, a raw place.

Bidi, adj. miry. See kahdi.

hdi-hdi', adj. red. of hdi ; broken out in sores ;
miring.

hdi-lidi'-dar), adj. miry, muddy.

hdo, v. n. to growl, as a dog.

£do-ge'-ca, adj. hollow, as a tree.

K.do-har)', adj. slovenly, not well put on, ss
clothes.

Mo-he '-ca, adj. slovenly.

hdo-he'-ya, adv. in a slovenly manner.

lido-hdo'-ka, adj. full of holes. See hdoka.

hdo-hdo'-ka-hai), part, fall of holes.

hdo-Rdo'-ka-'wa-har), jxirt. having holes in.

hdo'-ka, n. a hole : mini hdoka, a spring.

hdo'-ka, part. See kahdoka.

hdo-ka'-hai), part, opened, having a hole in.

hdo-ka'-'wa-hai), jxirt. having a hole in.

hdo-ki'-ya, v. a. to make growl, — hdowakiya.

hdo-ya', v. a. to cause to growl, — hdowaya.

lido-ya', adv. growling.

lie, n. a high hill or ridge of hills, a mountain ;
esp., the Coteau des prairies.

he-gir)'-ee, ». dross : iphiiegirjce, dandruff . See
also girigiqca.

f e-E'e', adj. dangling, ragged.

he'-i-mni-za, n. (he and imniia) a rocky ridge.

]ie-ir)'-kpa, n. the brink or brow of a hill, the
end of a hill. See hii)kpa.

fie-ii)'-tpa, n. Same as heiijkpa.

ae'-i-pa, n. the brow of a hill ; esp., the head or
commencement of the Coteau des prairies.

He-ku', n. the foot of a hill back from a river :
heku ui)yaT)pi, we go at the foot of the hill.

he'-ma-ya-ear), n. a wooded hill.

he'-mdo, n. a hill-top, ridge ; i. q. mdamdata.

Re'-mdo-ka, n. Same as hemdo.

he-mni'-ear), n. (he mni and cai)) a hill that
appears as if it were in the water ; Red Wings
village, a short distance above Lake Pepin, is so
called.

10

Hen, adv. (he and en) ashore : ften eiu, to put

any thing ashore, as from a boat ; hen ihai), to

step ashore.
fie-na'-ke, n. a hill-side, slope.
Re-na'-ke-ya, adj. sloping, sideling.
he'-pe-se, adv. hepese ehpeya, to make a splash,

as in throwing any thing into water.
Ret-a'-zu, V. a. to put ashore, as the load of a

boat. See wahetaiu.
he--w"ar)'-ke, n. frost, hoar-frost.
he-'wo'-skan, n. an uninhabited, desert place.
K.e-'wo'-skan-tu, adv. in a desert place.
lie-'wo'-skan-tu-ya, adv. away from any dwell-
ing, in a desert place, solitarily.
he-'wo'-ta-he-dar), adv. where no one lives, in a

desert place.
Ce-ya'-ka, n. a hill, river hill, mountain.
Bie-ya'-ka-ta, adv. at the hill.
h,e-yain', cont. of heyapa ; by land, following the

hill : heyam uqyaripi, we go by land.
&e-yan', cont. of heyata ; inland, in the interior.
fie-ya'-pa, v. n. to go by land, travel by land, in

distinction from going by water, — heyawapa.
lie-ya'-ta, adv. back by the hill, back from a

river, back from a fire, out back, back, behind :

heyata ya, to go out back, retire, withdraw, —

heyata mda ; heyata iyeya, to shove aside or

back, put out of office, reject.
M-ea'-har), v. n. to slip, miss step, stumble and

fall, — mahic'ahai) .
M-ea'-he-ya, v. a. to cause to slip and fall, —

hicahewaya.
Mr), adv. cont. of hiijca ; very.
hit)' -6a., adv. very: v/a,it^laiQca, very good ; iice

hirida, very bad.
Mi)-ca'-ke, adv. very, indeed.
Mrj'-kpa, n. (he and iijkpa) the brow of a hill.
Mrj'-kpa-ta, adv. to or at the top of the hill :

hii)kpata uijyaijpi kta, we will go to the top of the

hill.
liir)'-kpa-tar)-har), adv. at the hill-top, from the

hill.
hir)-tkai)'-hu, n. the upper arm-bone. Hiritkai)

alone is said not to be used.
hiri'-tpa, n. Same as hirikpa.
hiri'-tpa-ta, adv. Same as hiqkpata.
liii)'-tpa-tar)-har), adv. Same as hipkpataqhai).
Mr)-yar)'-tar), n. the daisy, which the Dakotas

use in dyeing yellow.
M-ya'-ya, adv. bungled. See yuhiyaya.
hmir), adj. crooked, missluipen : siha hmiij,

a crooked foot.
hmlrj-hmir)', adj. red. of hmiij.
hmiQ-hmiQ'-yai), adv. red. of hmigya;) ; crook-
edly.

HMI

74

HTA

liinir)'-yar), adv. crookedly.

fimu'-ga, ti. See Imuijga.

limur), V. n. to buzz, hum, as the stones of a mill
or the flapping of birds' wings ; to whistle, as a
bullet : hmiii) hiijhda, to make a hvazing noise
suddenly.

fimug'-ga, V. a. to cause sickness or death, as the
Dakotas pretend to be able to do, in a supernatu-
ral way ; to bewitch, kill by enchantment, — wa-
imuijga, ui)hmui)gapi, mahmui)ga ; kicihmui)-
gapi, bewitching each other.

hmur)'-ga, adj. smelling strong, fishy, rancid,
stinking, as grease.

hmurih'-inna, v. n. to smell rancid ot fishy.

liinur)-hinui)', v. red. of hmui) ; to buzz.

fiinur)-fimui)'-ga, adj. red. of hmuqga ; rancid.

K.inur)-ya', v. a. to cause to hum, make buzz, —
hmuijwaya.

hmurj-yai)', adv. buzzing.

lina, V. n. to snort, as something dying.

lina-hai)', adj. slovenly, not tidy, hanging, as a
horse's lip.

hna-he'-ya, a(iy. loosely, slovenly : hnaheya uq,
he is slovenly.

iini'-yar), v. cai)te hniyai), to flutter or be troubled,
be sick at the stomach, as from eating too much,
— mahniyai).

Rnl'-yag-yai), adj. afraid, quaking for fear, —
mahniyaqyag.

hni'-ye-ye-se, adv. in haste, affrightedly : hni-
yeyese mawani, / walk hastily.

to, V. n. to stand up on end, as hair. See alio.

Ro, intj. of surprise.

lio'-e-ca, intj. expressing dissatisfaction or dis-
sent.

ho'-e-eah, intj. Same as hoeo'ahe.

ho'-e-ea-fi.e, intj. of disbelief and dissent.

lio-ka', n. the badger.

lio-na'-ptai), n. See huijnaptaij.

fior)'-hi-ki-ya, ?;. a. to finish, perfect. See liui)-
hikiya.

lior)'-hi-ya, v. a. to finish, perfect. See B.ui)-
hiya.

lioi)'-ki-ta, V. n. to become very tired. See huq-
kita.

ft.OQ'-kpa-iU., v. n. to be in an unfinished state.
See ]iui)kpani.

hoQ'-kpa-ni-ki-ya, v. to fail of finishing. See
huqkpanikiya.

hoi)'-kpa-ni-yar), v. See huijkpaniyafl.

hoi)'-tpa-ni, v. See iuiitpani.

lioij'-tpa-ni-ki-ya, v. See huijtpanikiya.

hoQ'-tpa-ni-yai), v. See huqtpaniyar).

]io'-pi-dar), intj. astonishing ! wonderful !

&o'-pi-dai)-ni-ye, intj. astonishing !

ho'-pl-daQ-sni, intj. impossible!

ho-pu'-za, n. (he and opuza) a dry country,

desert.
ho'-ski, adj. hilly, rough, uneven, as a country.
bo'-ski-ski, adj. red. of hoiki ; abounding in little

hills, a hilly country.
lio'-ta, adj. grey, brown.
hot-Ro'-ta, adj. red. of hota.
lio-tir)'-za, «. (he and otigza) hard ground, a

to-'Wo'-skan, n. an uninhabited country.

Kpa, jmrt. thrown down. See yuhpa.

hpa, V. n. to be wet or clogged, as musquitoes'

wings with dew : capoijka hpapi, the musquitoes

are wet with dew.
lipa, adv. together, in a bunch, said of beans or

potatoes which grow together.
lipa-har)', part, thrown down.
bpar), adj. soaked with water, wet.
hpar)-yai)', v. a. to soak or steep in water, —

hpaijwaya, hpar)ui)yai)pi.
hpa-"wa'-hai), part, thrown off, thrown down.
fipe'-ea, adj. faint, exhausted, — mahpeca ; hpeda

sni, untiring, strong to endure fatigue.
hpe--war)'-ka, v. n. to stay with the young, hover

over, as a hen does over her brood, brood over, —

hpemuqka.
lipu. See yuipu.
hpu-haq' part, crumbled off.
hpu-hpu', red. of hpu.
hpu-vra'-hai), part, crumbled off, come apart,

as things formerly stuck together.
B.pu-ya', adv. crumbling off.
Ma, cont. of htayetu.
hta-eu'-sni, n. the cool of the evening.
Ma'-ka. See yahtaka.
hta-ki'-ya, adv. towards evening.
Ma'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to catch and hold, as a

trap. See mazahtakiyapi.
Ma-ki'-ya-ken, adv. towards evening.
htan, cont. of htata ; htan iyaya, to become

weak.
Ma-ni', v. n. to labor, toil, work, do such labor as

the Dakota women do, — htawani, htayani, hta-

urjnipi.
Ma'-ni-har), n. yesterday ; htanihaq sai)pa and

htanihai) icima, the day before yesterday.
Ma-ni '-pi, n. laboring ; i. q. wicohtani.
Mar)'-yar), adj. rough, made rough ; i. q. po-

waye.
Ma'-ta, adj. languid, weak, — mahtata.
Ma'-te-ea, adj. weak, feeble, — mahtateca.
Ma-yen', adv. in the evening; generally, last

evening.
Ma'-ye-tii, n. tht evening.

HUG

Y5

lAK

liu'-ga, part, broken in. See kaiuga.

Ru-ga'-har), part, broken in.

hu-ga'-"wa-har(, part, broken in.

hu-ge'-ea, n. See gugeca.

liu-ha', n. the scrapings or shavings of hides,
taken off in making them thin enough for robes,
and which are eaten by the Dakotas. See ta-
huha.

hu-hna'-ga, v. n. to burn up, be consumed.

hu-hnaR'-ya, v. a. to cause to burn up, to con-
sume,— huhnahwaya.

]iur)'-hi-ki-ya, v. a. to finish, perfect.

]iui)'-lii-ki-ya, adv. in a finishing way, per-
fectly : huqhikiya e<iamog, / do it by way of
finishing.

fi.ur)'-hi-ya, v. a. to finish.

h.ur)'-ki-ta, v. n. to be tired, be weary and give
out at work, — huijwakita, huijuijkit^pi-

hurj'-kpa-ni, v. n. to be unfinished.

hur)'-kpa-nl-ki-ya, v. a. to leave in an unfi-
nished state, to fail of accomplishing, — huijkpani-
wakiya.

hurj'-kpa-ni-yar), v. a. to fail of finishing, —
— huijkpaniwaya.

hui)-na'-ptar), n. a hill side.

hur)-na'-ptar)-y£ir), adv. on the hill side.

hur)'-tpa-ni, v. n. to be unfinished.

Rur) '-tpa-ni-ki-y a, v. a. to fail of accomplishing,
leave unfinished, — huiitpaniwakiya.

liui)'-tpa-ni-yar), v. to fail of finishing, — huij-
tpaniwaya.

hurj'-wiQ, V. n. to stink, become putrid, as a
dead body.

hui)-"wir)'-nina, adj. stinking, smelling putrid.

hur)-'wir)'-ya, v. a. to cause to smell badly,
make putrid, — huqwiijwaya.

ttu-pa'-hu, n. the arm of a person ; the wing of
a fowl, — mahupahu, nihupahu.

hu-pa'-hu-vra-ki-hda-ke-dai), n. the bat, lit.
little leather-wings.

liu-pa'-ko-za, v. n. to move or flap the vrings, to
fiy. See Avahupakoza.

liu-pa'--wa-ki-hda-ke-dar), n. the bat.

fiu-pirj'-yur), adv. by the arms, without instru-
ments, by main strength.

liu-pii)'-yur)-ken, adv. by main strength.

hu-wa'-pa-hpe, n. the msat which is left slick-
ing to a hide ; the right side of any thing. See
tahuwapahpe.

b.U-ya', n. the common eagle : huya ciijda, a young
eagle.

Bivrir), v. n. to stink, become putrid, as a dead
body. See huriwir).

RAvirj'-nina, adj. stinking, smelling putrid. See
huijwigmna.

i, t?ie eleventh letter of the Dakota alphabet. It has
the sound of English ee, or of i in marine, ma-
chine.

i, an inseparable preposition or prefix.

1. Prefixed to verbs and adjectives, it means to,

for, of, or about ; by means of, by reason of,
on account of, in consequence of : as, kico,
to invite, ikico, to invite to eat any parti-
cular thing ; cekiya, to pray to one, icekiya,
to pray to one for something ; wohdaka, to
tell news, i wohdaka, to tell about some par-
ticular thing ; caijniyan, to be angry, icaq-
niyai), to be angry on account of something ;
wayazai)ka, to be sick, iwayazaijka, to be sick
in consequence of something ; depa, fat,
icepa, fat by reason of.

2. Prefixed to active verbs, it sometimes forms of

them nouns of the instrument : as, kaiipa,
to shave, idaiipe, a drawing-knife or plane ;
kasdeca, to split, icasdece, a wedge ; cap4,
to stab, ic'ape, a spear.

3. Prefixed to the cardinal numbers, it forms of

them ordinals : as, noijpa, two, inoijpa,
second ; yamni, three, iyamni, third, etc.

4. Prefixed to adverbs, it gives them the force of

prepositions : as, tehai), far, itehai), far
from.

5. Prefixed to nouns signifying time, it means

the next or succeeding one : as, har)fiai)na,
morning, ihaijhaijna, the next morning ;
wetu, spring, iwetu, the succeeding spring.
i, n. the mouth, — mii, nii, wicai : i en hde, to cast

up to one ; i en hiyeya, to cast into one's teeth.
i, V. n. to have gone to, to have been at, — wai, yai,

urikipi.
i-a', V. n. to speak, — iwaa, iyaa, uqkiapi.
i-a'-hai), part, speaking.
i-a'-kan, prep, (i and akan) upon, on top of.
l-a'-ka-p'ir) or i-e-ka-p'ii), v. n. to be tired of

speaking, unwilling to speak. See kap'iirj.
i-a'-ke, adv. again, so many more.
i-a'-ke-de-na-ke-ca, adj. so many more than

ten.
i-a'-ke-de-na-na, adj. only so rnany more than

ten.
i-a'-ke-he-na-ke-6a, adj. so many more than

ten.
i-a'-ke-ka-na-ke-ea, adj. that number more

than ten.
i-a'-ke-nor)-pa, num. adj. twelfth.
i-a'-ke-sa-hdo-gar), num. adj. eighteenth.
i-a'-ke-sa-ko-"wip, num. adj. seventeenth.
i-a'-ke-sa-kpe, num. adj. sixteenth.

lAK

76

ifiA

l-a'-ke-to-pa, num. adj. fourteenth.
i-a'-ke-war)-zi-dar), num. adj. eleventh.
i-a'-ke-ya-mni, num. adj. thirteenth.
i-a'-ke-za-ptai), num. adj. fifteenth.
i'-a-ki-ea-ge-ca, w. cme who is unreasonable in

his demands ; one who keeps asking for things

after he should stop, an importunate person.
l-a'-ki-6u-ni, v. to desist from, grow tired and

leave off. See iyakicuni.
i-a'-ki-eu-ya, adj. much. See iyaki^uya.
i'-a-ki-de-ee-ca, adv. alike, equal to. See iya-

kidedec'a.
i'-a-ki-de-een, adv. like to, equal to.
i'-a-kl-de-hai)-har)-ke-ea, adv. red. of iakide-

haijkeca.
i'-a-ki-de-hai)-har)-yai), adv. red. of iakidehaij-

yai).
i'-a-ki-de-har)-ke-ea, adv. equal in length to :

kici iakidemaliaijkeda, / am as tall as he.
i'-a-ki-de-haij-yai), adv. alike in distance, as

far as.
i'-a-ki-de-na-ka, adv. alike in number, as many

as.
i'-a-ki-de-na-ke-ca, adv. as many as.
i'-a-ki-he-ce-ea, adv. alike in kind.
i'-a-ki-he-haq-ke-ea, adv. alike in length.
i'-a-ki-he-har)-yar), adv. alike in distance.
i'-a-ki-he-na-ke-ca, adv. of equal number with.
i'-a-ki-pa-pa, v. to strike on the mouth often, as

the young men do in shouting, — iawakipapa.
i'-ar)-pe-tu, n. the next day to, the day follow-
, ing.

i-a'-pi, n. talk, speech, language,
i'-a-s'a, V. to halloo, make a loud inarticulate

noise, — iawas'a, iauijs'api.
i-ba'-pe, v. to make sharp by, — ibawape : iba^e-

sni, to make dull on.
i-bo'-co, n. a churn. See bo^o.
i-bo'-mdu, v. n. to drift, blow up, as snow or

dust : wa ibomdu, the snow is blown about.
i-bo'-mdu-mdu, v. red. of ibomdu.
i-bo'-pai), n. a pestle. See bopaq.
i-bo'-par), v. to shoot inpieces, i. q. bokuka.
i-bo'-sdi, n. a squirt, syringe; a squirt-gun.

This is made by Dakota boys of the common

elder or box-wood, and is used for shooting

water. See miniibosdi.
i-bo'-sdo-har), v. to blow along lengthwise : ibo-

sdohaq iyeya.
i-bo'-sdo-hai)-har), v. red. of ibosdohaq.
l-bo'-sa-ka, v. used with wac'ig ; waciq ibosaka,

to be discouraged : wadiq ibowasaka, / am dis-
couraged.
i-bo'-s'a-ka, v. (i and bo^'aka) to hit with little

force, not to penetrate, — ^ibowai'aka.

l-bo'-sta-ke, n. (i and bo^taka) a blunt-pointed
arrow.

i-bo'-to, v. n. (i and boto) to hit or strike
against, to butt against, — ^ibomato, ibonito : siha
iijyai) ibomato, / struck my foot against a stone ;
pa en ibomato, it struck my head.

i-ea'-be-ea, v. n. to be pricked or have one's feel-
ings injured by some little thing. See icama.

i-ea'-be-ya, adv. pricked, injured in feelings :
idabeya waui), my feelings are hurt.

i-da'-bu, n. (i and kabu) a drum-stick.

i-ea'-du, n. (i and kadu) a fan, wing to fan
oneself with.

i-ea'-du-ge, n. (i and kaduga) a fan for wheat,
something to blow or clean with : psiri ic'aduge,
a rice-blower.

i-ea'-ga, v. n. of kaga; to spring up, grow, as
grass, trees, etc. ; to grow from, as a result from
a cause ; to grow, as a child, become, as a man or
boy, in any respect, — imac'aga, inicaga.

i-6a'-ge, n. (i and kaga) something to make with,
an instrument : wowapi icage, a pen or pencil.

i-ea'-ge, v. of kage : idage idu, to take upia &
bucket, as water, — idage iwadu.

i'-ea-ge-zu-ya, v. to come up with and go along
with a company, — idageiuwidawaya, / cam^ up
and went with them.

i'-ea-ge-zu-ya, adv. together with, in company.

i-ea'-gi, v. n. (i and kagi) to be hindered by, op-
posed by an obstacle, — imakagi, inidagi.

i-ea'-go, n. (i and kago) a mark or line drawn.

i-ea'-go, V. a. of kago ; to make a mark, draw a
line, sketch, — iwakago, ugkidagopi.

i-ea'-go-ya, v. a. to cause to mark, — idagowaya.

i-ea'-go-ya, adv. marking, in the way of marking.

i-ea'-hda, prep, (i and kahda) by the side of, near
to.

i-ca'-hi, V. a. (i and kahi) to mix, stir up together,
— iwakahi, iyakahi, uqkidahipi.

i-ea'-hi, v. n. to mix, mingle.

i-ca'-hi-hl, v. red. of idahi ; to mingle, mix toge-
ther.

i-ea'-hi-hi, n. cement.

i-ca'-hi-hi-ya, adv. mixed up with, together with :
i. q. opepeya.

i-ea'-hir)-te, n. (i and kahiijta) a rake, a broom.

i-ea'-hi-tor), v. a. to mix together, — icahiwatoi),
idahiyatoij, idahiuqtoqpi.

i-ea'-hi-toi), part, mixed.

i-ea'-hi-ya, v. a. to mix together, adtilterate, —
idahiwaya, idahiuijyaripi.

i-ea'-ho-mnl, n. (i and kahomni) something that
is turned or turns, a wheel.

i-cah', cont. of icaga ; idah aya, it keeps grow-
ing.

ICA

11

iGa

i-da'-ham-lia-pe-dar), v. n. to rustle, as the
grass in a gentle wind. See liamiapeda^.

i-6a'-lia-pe, n. (i and kaiapa) something to drive
with, a whip.

i-cali'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to grow ; to rear, raise,
as a child or domestic animal, — icahwakiya.

l-eah'-ko-ke-dar), adj. See oicahkokedai).

i-ca'-ho-ta, n. of c'ahota ; drops of rain, flakes of
snow, so called because faUing like ashes.

i-ca'-Mag, cont. of idahtaka.

i-ea'-Mag-ya, v. a. to cause to touch, — icahtag-
waya.

i-ea'-htag-ya, adv. touching, relating to, con-
cerning.

i-ea'-htag-ya-ken, adv. relating to.

i-ea'-Ma-ka, v. n. to touch, be near to, — imaka-
htaka, inic'ahtaka.

i'-ca-Ma-ke, n. (i and kahtaka) a place where
a river touches or runs near a hill; a place
where the prairie comes down to a river or lake.

i-cah'-ya, v. a. to cause to grow, raise, as corn,
etc. ; to rear, to train up, as a child, etc., — ic'ah-
waya, ic'ahmayai).

i-eah'-ya, adv. conformed to, made like.

i-ea'-kai), n. (i and kakaij) an adze.

l-6a'-kar), v. a. of kakaq ; to strike and cut a
piece out of, — iwakakai), iyakakaij, ur)kicakai)pi.

i-ea'-kis, cont. of icakiza ; icaki^ waur), I am suf-
fering for.

i-ea'-kis-ya, v. a. to cause to suffer for, to afflict,
— icakiswaya.

i-ca'-kis-ya, adv. in a suffering manner.

i-ea'-ki-za, v. n. to he in want of, lacking, suffer-
ing for, — imakakiia, inicakiia, urikicakiiapi :
icakize ^ni, not in want of.

i-ea'-ki-ze, n. (i and kakiia) affliction. See iwi-
cakakize.

l-ca'-ki-ze-sni-yar), adv. not in want of, plenti-
fully.

i-eam', cont. of icapa ; icam icu, to stick in and
take out.

i-ea'-ma, adj. rough, as cloth or the beard ; prick-
ing, as iron filings.

i-ea'-ma, v. n. to hurt or prick, as any thing in
the eye : taku i^ta imakama, something is prick-
ing in my eye.

i-ea'-ma-ma, v. red. of ic'ama ; to prick : icama-
ma niui) he, does it keep pricking you ?

i-ea'-mda-ska, v. n. to he flattened, as a bullet
that is shot into wood.

i-ca'-mna, v. n. to blow, bluster, storm, drive, as
wind and snow : nina icamna, it is very bluster-
ous ; to be torn by any thing and lose the contents,
as a bag of corn carried along. See kamna, to rip.

i-6an', cuiv. whilst, in the meantime, just then.

l-ea'-nan, adv. See idaijnan.

i-ean'-ka-spe-ya, v. See icaptkaspeya and ida^-
tekaspeya.

i-can'-si-ea, v. n. to be sad for, — idamn&iida,.

i-ean'-si-ea-pi, n. tribulation.

i-ean'-sin, cont. of ican^i<fa.

i-ean'-sin-ya, v. a. to make sad, grieve, disap-
point one by means of something, — ic'an^inwaya.

i-ean'-sin-ya, adv. sadly, distressingly.

i-ean'-"wa-ste, v. n. to be glad for, — icanmawa-
ste.

i-can'-'wa-ste-ya, adv. gladly for.

i-eaq'-a-ma-ni, n. a ladder. See c'ariiyamanipi.

i-ear)'-ear), v. n. (i and caridari) to tremble for,
shake on account of, — imacaijcai), inicai)cai).

i'-cai)-har), adv. leaning against. See iciqha^.

i'-eai)-kear), adv. making effort but not with
much determination : ic'aijkcai) edamoi), J did it
but not truly ; opposed to awicakahaij.

i'-eai)-ksi, v. n. to be angry or irritated at or in
consequence of, — icai)waksi, icaijyaksi.

i'-6ai)-ksi-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to he angry for,
— idaijksiwakiya.

i'-eai)-ksi-ksi, v. red. of icaijksi.

i'-ear)-ksi-ya, adv. crossly, bluntly, roughly,
angrily.

i-eai)'-nan, adv. out from, out in the river or
lake from.

i-ear)t', cont. of ica^te.

i-car)t'-a-h.de, v. a. to determine evil against one
for some cause, — icaijtawahde.

i-eai)'-te, adv. in or at the heart. Used as in the
following compounds.

i-caq'-te-ka-spe-ya, v. to gratify oneself by
avenging, nwike oneself cheerful by retaliating on
some relative of the one who has done the injury,
— icai)tekaspewaya.

i-caij'-te-ki-eur), v. n. to encourage oneself by
reason of, — icar)tewe(Jufl, icaijteyedui).

i-eap'-te-ki-eur)-yar), adv. encouragingly.

i-ear)'-te-si-ea, v. n. to be sad on account of.

i-ear)'-te-si-ea-ya, adv. sadly on account of.

i-ear)'-te-siii-ya, v. a. to render unhappy by.

i-ear)'-te-tir)S, cont. of ic'ai)tetii)za.

i-ear)'-te-tir)S-ya, v. a. to encourage one by rea-
son of, — ic'ar)tetii)swaya.

i-car)'-te-tii)S-ya, adv. encouragingly.

i-6ar)'-te-tir)-za, v. n. to be encouraged or sus-
tained by, — idar)tematii)za.

i-ear)'-te-'wa-ste, v. n. to be glad on account of,
— icaijtemawaste.

i-6ar)'-te-'wa-ste-ya, adv. gladly on account of.

i-6ar)t'-i-ea-spe-ya, v. to avenge oneself and
thus become pleased, — icaijticaspewaya. See icaij-
t«kaspeya.

i<5a

78

i(5e

i-ear)t'-ka-spe-ya, v. Same as idai)tekaspeya.
i-ear)t'-o-hiia-ka, v. a. to place in the heart with

reference to something ; to purpose to give to one,

— idaqtowahnaka.
i-ear)t'-o-ki-eur), v. to strengthen or encourage

oneself by, — ica^toweijui).
i-ear)t'-o-kpa-ni, v. to long for in reference to,

— icaqtowakpani.
i-eai)t'-o-tpa-ni, v. Same as icaijtokpani.
i'-ca-pa, V. to open the mouth, — iwakapa.
i-ea'-pa, v. to stick into, take a stitch, — idawapa,

icayapa, icauijpapi ; to stab with ; to stick in, as a

thorn or stick : caq icamapa, a splinter sticks in

me.
i-ea'-pe, n. (i and cap4) something that sticks in,

a spear, a splinter ; a stitch.
i-ea'-pe, n. (i and kapar)) something to pound

with.
i-ea'-psa-ke, n. (i and kapsaka) something used

in cutting off strings ; pahii) idapsake, a porcu-
pine-quill cutter, a small knife.
i-ea'-psir)-te, n. (i and kapsirita) something to

whip with, a whip.
i-ea'-psir)-psir)-ea, n. a species of swallow.
i-ea'-psii)-psir)-ea-dar), n. the common swallow.
i-ca'-psur), ». (i and kapsur)) any thing to pry

out or pull up by the roots with.
i'-ea-pta, v. a. (i and kapta) to open the mouth

at, scold, — iwakapta, iyakapta.
i-ca'-pta, V. n. of kapta ; to break out, as the

hold of meat in carrying it.
i-ea'-ptar)-ptai), v. n. of kaptaqptai) ; to turn

over much, roll about.
i'-ea-pta-pta, v. red. of icapta ; to be angry at,

to scold, — iwakaptapta.
i-ca'-pte, n. (i and kapta) something to dip out

with, a ladle. See also widapte.
i-ea'-sar), n. (i and kasaq) a razor.
i-ea'-sai), v. n. to become used to, as to eating or

doing any thing, — imakasai), inicasar).
i-Ca'-sde-ee, n. (i and kasdeda) something to split

with, a wedge.
i-ea'-ski-ea, v. n. to be pressed down, — imaka-

skida, inidaskida.
i-ea'-ski-6e, n. (i and kaskida) a press.
i-ea'-s'a-ka, v. n. not to penetrate, as an axe that

is dull.
i-6a'-sda, n. (i and kasda) something to mow

with : pezi idaMa, a scythe.
i-ea'-se, n. (i and kase) something rubbing against,

a hindrance.
i-ea'-se-ya, v. a. to make a hindrance of, hinder

by means of, — idasewaya.
i-ca'-ske, n. (i and kaska) something to tie or

bind around with, a girdle, sash.

i-ea'-ski-6a, v. n. to cut a small gash, be gashed,

— imakaskida, inidaskida.
i-ea'-ski-ee, n. (i and kaikica) something to

pound with, a beetle.
i-ca'-ski-ta, v. n. to cut a little gash in.
i-6a'-spe, n. (i and kaspa) an instrument for cut-
ting off pieces : mazidaSpe, a cold chisel.
i-ea'-spu, n. (i and kaspu) something to knock

off with.
i-ea'-ta, v. idata iheya, to crowd together. See

kata iheya.
i-ea'-tka-taij-hai), adv. to the left hand of, —

midatkataijhai).
i-ea'-tku-taij-har), adv. to or at the back part

of the tent from one.
i-ea'-ZO, v. a. to draw a mark or line ; to take

credit, — iwakazo, iyakazo, uijkicazopi. See also

ikidazo.
i-ca'-zo, n. a mark, line drawn.
i-ea'-zo-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to take things on

credit, give credit to, — idazowakiya, idazoyakiya,

idazouijkiyapi, idazomakiya, idazodiciya.
i-ea'-zo-pi, n. credits.
i-ca'-za, v. a. to think there is much or many ;

to do a thing much, as to give away much, — iwa-

caia, uijkidaiapi.
i-ea'-za-pi, n. very much, i. q. ota hirida.
i-ca'-ze, adv. of daie ; in the name of.
i-ea'-ze-ka, n. a liar, i. q. itoijpisni.
i-6a'-ze-yan, adv. cont. of idaieyata ; in the

name of.
i-ea'-ze-ya-ta, adv. in the name of, in speaking

the name of.
i'-ee-har), adv. leaning against : idehai) naiiq, to

stand leaning against.
i-ee'-kir), v. a. to envy any one, — icewakii), ide-

yakii), ideuijkiijpi, idedidii), idemakii).
i-ce'-kir)-yar), adv. enviously.
i-ee'-ki-ya, v. a. to pray to one /or something, —

idewakiya, ideyakiya, ideur)kiyapi, idedidiya :

Woniya Wakaq ideyakiya he, dost thou pray for

the Holy Spirit ?
i-ee'-pa, adj. fat on or by, fat by reason of, — ima-

depa.
i-6e'-par), «. a woman's husbandli sisters she

calls idepai) : idepaijku, her sister-in-law.
i-ee'-par)-si, m. a woman's female cousin ; her

husband's brother's wife : icepai)4itku, her female

cousin, etc.
i-ce'-pai)-si-ya, v. a. to have for female cousin,

— idepai) si waya.
i-ee'-pai)-ya, v. a. to have for or count as sister-
in-law, — ideparjwaya, idepaqmayag.
i-6es', intj. See eceL
i-ee'-tl, V. to make a fire to or at, — icewati.

ICE

19

ICI

i-ee'-'wir), v. n. to give away much, — icewawii).

i-ce'-"wir), adv. much, very much : icewir) wica-
wa]j:u, / have given them very m,uch.

i-ce'-'wir)li, adv. Same as icewiij.

i-ce'-vrir)-'wir), adv. red. of icewiij ; much,
lavishly.

i-ee'-'wlr)-yai), adv. lavishly, bountifully.

i'-ci, a prefix. Prefixed to verbs, it usually signi-
fies together : as koyaka, to put on, icikoyaka, to
faste)i together ; wagyaka, to see, iciwaijyaka, to
look at together, compare. Prefixed to preposi-
tions and adverbs, it conveys the idea of space or
time intervening between the objects : as iciMye-
daq, rwar to each other, icitehai), /ar apart.

i-ei', a prefix to cardinal numbers which makes of
them ordinals : as yamni, three, idiyamni, the
third.

i'-ei-ca-hi, v. n. to mingle together, mix.

i'-ei-ca-lii-ya, v. a. to mix together, mingle, stir
up together, — icic'ahiwaya, icicahiuijyaiipi.

i'-ei-ea-hi-ya, adv. mingled.

i'-ei-ca-hi-ya-pi, part, mixed together.

i'-ei-ea-hi-fia, adj. connected, in links : maza
idicalliha, a chain.

i'-ei-ca-ska, v. to bind together. See iciyakaska.

i'-ei-ea-"wir), adv. back again by the same way :
icicawig hda, to go home by the same way that
one came ; anog icicawii), back and forth.

i'-ei-ea-'wir)-'wlr), adv. red. of ic'icawi^.

i'-ci-ca-'wiri-yar), adv. back by the same way.

I'-ei-CU-ya, adv. passing by each other partly, as
two things placed thus -=- ; said of twins, if one
is a boy and the other a girl.

i'-ci-hde-ska, adj. speckled, as corn of different
colore.

i'-ei-hde-ska-ska, adj. red. of icihdeska.

i'-ei-he-har)-hai)-yai), adv. red. of icihehaijya)].

i'-ci-he-hari-yaj), adv. thus far apart.

i-ei'-hni, v. a. to beat or maltreat, as a man his
wife.

i'-ei-hnu-ni, v. to be mixed up, so as not to be
distinguished.

i'-6i-hnu-ni-ya, v. a. to cause not to be distin-
guished,— i c ihnuni waya.

i'-el-hnu-ni-yar), adv. mingled, mixed up.

i'-ci-ki-ki-ye-daj), adv. red. of icikiyedaij.

i'-6i-ki-ye-dar), adv. near to each other.

i'-ei-ko-yag, cont. of icikoyaka ; icikoyag iyeya.

i'-ci-ko-yag-ya, v. a. to fasten one to another, —
icikoyagwaya.

i'-6i-ko-ya-ka, v. n. to be fastened one to another.

i-ei'-ma, adv. ever, again ; with ^ni, never ; hta-
nihai) ic'ima, the day before yesterday ; heyakecii)-
haij icima, the day after to-morrow ; ptiflhai)
idima, the fall before last.

i-ci'-ma-na, adv. ever ; im .always follows,

making never : ic'imana edamoi) kte ^ni, / will

never do it.
i'-ei-ma-ni, v. n. to travel, go on a journey with-
out one's family, — idimawani, idimayani, idima-

ui)nipi.
i'-ei-ma-ni-pi, n. travelling.
i-6i'-na-pcii)--war)-ka, adj. the ninth. This

form is not much used. See inapcii)wai)ka.
i-ci'-nor)-pa, adj. the second.
i-cir)' V. to desire one thing /or another ; to desire

more of, in addition to, — iwaciij.
i'-cir)-har), adv. leaning against.
i-eio'-ir), v. of ki^iii) ; to throw at, strike with, —

iwakiiji]].
i-6ix)'-yar), v. a. to cause to desire, — iciriwaya.
i'-eir)-yar), adv. leaning against : idiriya;) ma-

yaqka, it is leaning against me.
i'-6i-pa-si-sa, v. a. of pasisa ; to stick in one and

another, sew together ; to sew across, — idiwapa-

sisa.
i'-ei-pas, cont. of idipaia ; back by the same way :

idipas hdidu, he started back by the same way.
i'-ei-pas-ya, adv. backwards and forwards, dou-
bled on.
i'-ei-pa-Ave-ga, v. n. of pawega ; to cross, lie

across.
i'-el-pa-'weh, cont. of icipawega ; crosswise :

idipaweh okatai), to nail on crosswise, as our

Saviour when crucified ; to crucify.
i'-ci-pa-'weh-'we-ga, v. red. of idipawega.
i'-ei-pa-'weR-ya, adv. crosswise, across.
i'-ei-pa-za, axlv. back by the same way, doubled

back on, on the same track back.
i'-ei-pu-kpe-ya, adv. scattered, mixed up.
i'-ei-pu-tpe-ya, adv. mixed up, scattered about.
i'-ci-sku-ya, adj. alike sour or sweet : kici ici-

skuya, alike sweet with.
i-ei'-sa-hdo-gai), adj. the eighth.
i-ei'-sa-kdo-gar), adj. (Ihaijk.) the eighth.
i-ei'-sa-ko-"wir), adj. the seventh.
i-ci'-sa-kpe, adj. the sixth.
i'-ei-ta-ki-hna, adv. in rows, in layers, one on

another ; double, stout, as thick cloth.
i-ci'-tar), adv. hardly ; i. q. kitag se : iditai)

mdustai), I have but just finished it ; iditaq se

ehai) wai, / barely arrived at the place.
i'-ei-tar(-ir)-sni, v. n. it is not manifest between

two or more which is the one.
i'-ei-te-har), adv. far apart.
i'-ei-te-har)-har), adv. red.oi iditehaij.
i'-ci-te-har)-har)-yar(, adv. red. of iditehaijyai).
i'-ci-te-hai)-yar), adv. far apart.
i'-ei-tko-kim, adv. meeting face to face, opposite

each other.

ICI

80

ICU

I'-ei-tko-ki-pa-pi, v. pi. of itkokipa ; they met
face to face.

i'-6i-to-har), adv. how long from ?

i'-ei-to-har)-har), adv. red. of icitohai).

i'-ei-to-hai)-hai)-yar), adv. red. of icitohaoyai).

i'-6i-to-har)-yar), adv. how far apart? John
ii. 4.

i'-ci-tor)-pe-ya, adv. fearing each other, taking
care for each other.

i-ei'-to-pa, ac?/. the fourth.

i-ei'-'war)-ga, v. of iwariga ; / ask thee a ques-
tion.

i'-ei-'warj-ga, v. a. to cross-question, examine hy
cross-questioning, — icimuijga, ic'inui)ga, ur)kici-
waijgapi.

i'-ei-'war)-ga-pi, n. examination.

i'-ci-'waij-ya-ka, v. a. of waijyaka ; to look at
things together, compare, — iciwaijmdaka, iciwaij-
daka, ioiwaquijyakapi.

i'-ei-'war)-ya-ka-pi, n. comparison.

i-ci'-'wa-ste, v. n. to he good with : taku iciwa-
ste he, with what is it good ?

i-ei'-"wi-kee-nina, adj. the tenth. See iwikde-
mna.

i'-ei-'wo-hdu-ze, n. fellowship. Not much used.

i-ei'-ya, v. a. to take sides with, assist in a dis-
pute or controversy, assist as an advocate, — iwa-
kiya, uijkikiyapi, imakiya.

i'-ei-ya-cii), v. of iyacin ; to liken several things
to each other, think equal, — icimdacii), icidacii).

i'-ci-ya-ciri-yar), adv. likening to one another.

i'-ei-ya-hda-skin, adv. one above another,
pressing on each other.

i'-ci-ya-hda-ska, v. pos. to unite together, tie
one to another of one's own, — iciyawahda^ka.

i'-ei-ya-hde, v. n. to reach one to another.

i'-6i-ya-hde-hde, v. red. of iciyahde.

i'-ei-ya-hde-hde-ya, adv. red. of iciyahdeya.

i'-ei-ya-hde-ya, adv. reaching one to another.

i'-ei-ya-hde-ya, v. a. to cause one to reach to
another, cause to meet, — iciyahdewaya.

i'-ei-ya-i-hda-ska-pi, v. pi. to unite one to ano-
ther, tie each other together as man and wife.

i'-ci-ya-ka-ska, v. a. to tie or unite things toge-
ther mutually, — iciyawakaska, idiyayakaska, ici-
yaugkaskapi.

i-ci'-ya-mni, adj. the third.

i'-ei-ya-pu-spa, v. a. of iyapuspa; to slick two
or more things together, — idiyawapuspa.

I'-el-ya-skam, cont. of iciyaskapa ; sticking to
each other.

i'-ci-ya-skam-ya, v. a. to cause to adhere or
stick to each other, — iciyaskamwaya.

i'-ei-ya-skam-ya, adv. adhering to each other :
iciyaskamya warika, they lie slicking together.

i'-ci-ya-ska-pa, v. n. of iyaskapa ; to adhere or
slick one to another.

i'-ei-yas-ya-za, adv. red. of iciyaza.

i'-ei-ya-'wa, v. a. of iyawa ; to count up toge-
ther,— idimdawa, icidawa, iciuriyawapi.

i'-ei-ya-za, adv. red. of iyaza ; in rows, in a
range ; from one to another, as in passing a thing
round.

i'-ei-yo-pe-ya, v. a. of iyopeya ; to barter, ex-
change one thing /or another, — idiyopewaya.

i'-ei-yo-pe-ya-pi, n. barter, exchange : idiyopeki-
diyapi, a market.

i'-ci-yo-pta, adv. in a range with, in the same
direction.

i'-ci-yo-pte-ya, adv. in that direction, across,
through.

i'-6i-yo-ta-kor)s, cont. of idiyotakoijza ; opposite
to each other.

i'-ei-yo-ta-koi)-za, adv. of iyotakoijza ; opposite
to each other, equal to, even with.

i'-ei-yu-hmui), v. a. of yuhmuij ; to twist toge-
ther,— idimduhmui), ididuhmug.

i'-ei-jTU-O-ta, v. a. of yuota ; to multiply toge-
ther,— icimduota, idiuijyuotapi.

i-ei'-za-ptar). adj. the fifth.

i-ei'-ze-hai), adv. often, repeatedly, frequently.

I'-CO-ga, v. n. to lodge on, drift and lodge on, as a
log of wood.

i-eo'-l-ei-oi), v. of idokoi) ; to determine evil
against oneself ; to be resolute.

i-eo'-kam, adv. before, between one and the fire, —
midokam.

i-eo'-kam-ya, adv. before, between.

i-eo'-ka-pa, adv. Same as idokam.

i-eo'-ka-pa-tai)-har), adv. before, in the midst,
inside of.

i-eo'-koi), V. a. of dokoi) ; to determine evil against
one for any cause, — icowako^.

i-co'-ma, v. a. to draw up around the shoulders, as
one's blanket : sina icowama, / draw my blanket
up.

i-co'-mi, v. a. Same as idoma ; some use one
form and some the other.

i-oo'-mni, v. n. to be tired of slaying; weary, dis-
contented,— icomamni, idonimni, idou:)mnipi.

i-eo'-pa, V. of dopa ; to wade in, as in one's moc-
casins,— idowapa, idouqpapi.

i-cos', cont. of icoza.

i-eos'-ya, v. a. to make warm with, — idoswaya.

l-eo'-za, V. n. to be warm by means of, as of
clothing, — imadoza : takudai) inicoza ^ni, you
have nothing to keep you warm.

i-eu', V. a. to take, accept, receive, take up any
thing, — iwadu, iyacu, uijkidupi ; to become, as
otpas ic'u, if has become dafk.

ICU

81

lEK

i-6ur)'-hai), adv. whilst, during the time, in the

meantime.
i-cui)'-har)-na, adv. whilst, when.
i-eur)'-har)-nafi, adv. just at that tim£.
i-eug'-om, adv. cont. of iduijoijpa ; out at one

side of: tipi kiq icugom mda, I went off on one

side of the house.
i-cur)'-or)-pa, adv. off to one side, off from, out

of the way : icurjoijpa waqka, it lies out of the

way; miduij og pa, q^/rom me.
i-eui)'-or)-pa-tari-har), adv. out of the way, off

to one side.
i-cuijs', cont. of icuijza.
i-euQs'-ya, v. to be dilatory, not to do much, to

have no mind to the work, work only for the pay ;

i. q. tariyeli ecoi) ^ni, — ic'uijswaya, icuijsuijyaijpi.
i-cur)s'-ya-ken, adv. not heartily, pretending.
i-cur)s'-ye-ea, n. one who is not faithful, one

who does his duty not well.
i-eui)'-za, v. of kuijza. Obsolete.
i-eu'-te, n. of kute ; something to shoot with, as

the arrows one uses in a game.
i-eu'-'wa, n. of kuwa ; something with w^ich to

hunt or catch any thing ; as, hogai) iduwa and

hoic'uwa, a fish-hook, fishing-implements.
i-de'-si, n. a woman's male cousin ; her husband's

sister's husband ; i^e^itku, her male cousin, etc.
i-ce'-si-ya, v. a. to have for male cousin, etc., —

i^esiwaya.
i-6i',pron. reflexive. It usually signifies that the

action returns upon the actor ; but sometimes,

that the action is done for oneself. See Gram-
mar, under compound pronouns, i^i, ni^i, mi^i,

and uijki^i, which form the middle or reflexive

of a large class of verbs.
i-ei'-ea-ga, v. reflex, of kaga ; to make oneself;

to make for oneself, — mi^icaga, ni^Jicaga.
i-6i'-ca-ska, v. reflex, of kaska ; to bind or tie

oneself, to deliver up oneself to the authorities, —

mi^icaska.
i-ci'-ei-ta, adv. taking care, carefully ; i. q. itoq-

peyahai) : i^icita aya wo, take it along carefully.
i-di'-eor)-za, v. reflex, of ko^za ; to determine for

oneself, — mi^icoriza.
i-ei'-eu-ya, adv. of ]j:u, to give ; giving oneself up

to, devotedly : i(Ji(Juya ec'oi), he acts devotedly.
i-el'-hde, v. reflex, of hde ; to lay up for oneself,

— mi(Jihde. Hence, taku i^WiAe^i, furniture.
i-ei'-hde-ka, n. one who has much, one who is

always accumulating.
i'-ci-hna-hna, adv. with care, pleasantly, politely :

i^ihnahna ecoii wo, do it pleasantly.
i-ei'-hna-ka, v. reflex, of linaka ; to place or

locate oneself ; to lay up for oneself — mi(Jihnaka ;

taku i(Jihnakapi, furniture.
■11

i-ei'-hna-yar), v. reflex, of hnaya^ ; to deceive

oneself, — mi^ihnayar) .
i-6i'-hni, v. reflex, of ihni ; to hunt, as game, for

oneself, — mi^ihni.
i'-ei-ha-ha, v. reflex, of iha ; to make oneself a

laughing-stock, said of one who commits adul-
tery,— mi(Jiha]ia.
i-di'-keu, v. reflex, of icu ; to help oneself, take

what one is to have, — imi^ikc'u.
i-di'-ksu-ya, v. reflex, of kiksuya ; to remember

oneself, come to oneself, — mi^iksuya.
i-di'-kte, v. reflex, of kte ; to kill oneself, commit

suicide.
i-di'-ktorj-za, v. reflex, of akiktoijia ; to forget

oneself, leave off or cease from one's sorrow, etc.
i-dag', cont. of idaka.

i-dag'-ya, v. a. to cause to serve, have for a ser-
vant,— idagwaya.
i-da'-ka, v. a. to have for a servant, to control,

govern, rule over, — iwadaka, uijkidakapi. See

wowidake.
i-da'-za-ta, adv. back from, i. q. iheyata.
i-da'-za-tar)-hai), adv. in the rear of.
i-de', n. a blaze, a burning, a prairie flre : ide au,

a fire is coming.
i'-de-di-ya, adv. on this side of.
i'-de-di-ya-tai), adv. on this side of.
i'-de-ei-ya-tar)-h,ai), adv. from this side of, on

this side of, in this way from.
i'-de-di-yo-tai), adv. in this direction from.
i'-de-ga, n. pouting lips. See dega and dehdega.
i'-de-han, adv. so far off.
i'-de-han-han, adv. red. of idehan.
i'-de-har)-na, adv. only so far off, near to.
i'-de-har)-yar), adv. so far off.
i-de '-y a, v. a. to bum, cause to bum, set fire to,

— idewaya, ideyaya, ideuqyaijpi.
i-di'-di-ta, adj. hot on account of
i-dl'-ta-ka, v. n. to be animated for, brave for or

on account of, — idimataka and imaditaka, inidi-

taka.
i-do'-ti-dii), n. a collar for a horse.
i-do'-"war), v. a. to sing to or for, to sing the

praises of, praise one, — iwadowai), iyadowaij, uij-

kidowaqpi, imadowai) ; icidowai), I praise thee ;

i^idowai), to sing of oneself.
i-e', V. Same as ia.

i-e'-a-Rta-ni, v. to sin in speaking, blaspheme.
i-e'-hda-sna, v. pos. of ieyasna ; to speak falsely

of onis own, as when one tells what is false in

regard to his dreams or visions, — iewahda^na.
i-e'-ka-ski-ska, v. n. to stutter, — iemakaskiska,

ienikaskiska.
i-e'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to speak, make speaker

of ; to have for interpreter, — iewakiya, ieyakiya.

lEK

82

IHD

i-e'-ksa-pa, v. n. to he wise of speech, eloquent, —

iemaksapa and iewaksapa.
i'-en-hde and i-en-i-ye-ya, v. to reprocxh,

blame.
i-e'-ska, v. n. to be Jluent, speak a language

intelligibly, — iemaska, ieniska, ieu^skapi.
i-e'-ska, n. one who speaks well, an interpreter.
i-e'-ska-ki-ya, v. a. to have for interpreter,

cause to interpret from one language to another, —

ieskawakiya, ieskauijkiyapi.
l-e'-sni, V. not to be able to speak, dumb ; i. q.

iaokitpani.
i-e'-sni, intj. not so ! See iyesni.
l-e'-'wi-ca-ka, v. n. to speak the truth, — iewic'a-

waka, iewicayaka, iewicaui)kapi.
i-e'-vri-ea-ke-hai), adv. truly, in truth.
i-e'-yar)-pa-ha, v. to proclaim, publish, make

proclamation, as the Dakota men do, — ieyagwa-

paha, ieyaijyapaha, ieyaijuijpaliapi.
i-e'-yar)-pa-ha, n. a public crier, herald, a man

employed to proclaim with a loud voice the deci-
sions of the principal men concerning any public

matter, such as the time when they will move,

where they will encamp, etc.
i-e'-ya-sna, v. to talk as one pleases, talk falsely,

— iemdasna, ieuijyasnapi.
i-e'-ya-sna-sna, v. red. of ieya^na.
i-gmu', n. (Ihaijk.) See intnu.
i-gmu'-ho-ta, n. See inmuhota.
i-gmu'-suri-ka, n. See inmusui)ka.
i-gai)'-gaj)-lie-ea, n. a kind of swamp-grass.
i-ha', n. (i and ha) the lips ; the lid or cover of

any thing ; as, cega iha, o pot-lid ; a stopper,

cork ; i. q. io^taijpi.
i-ha', adv. signifying doubt or want of knowledge

concerning what is aiBrmed or asked ; as, iha

sdonwaye sni, / do not know.
i-ha'-i-sda-ye, n. (iha and isdaye) grease for the

lips, ointment.
i-ha'-kam, adv. after in place, behind ; after in

time, — mihakam, nihakam ; cihakam waui), /

am behind thee.
i-ha'-kam-ya, adv. after, afterwards.
i-ha'-ka-pa, adv. after, behind.
i-ha'-ka-pa-tar)-hai), adv. from behind.
i-ha'-ki-6i-kta, v. a. of ihakta ; to accept of,

take of one, — ihawecikta, ihamicikta.
l-ha'-ki-kta, v. pos. of ihakta ; to have regard

for one's own, — ihawekta and ihawakikta.
i-ha'-kta, v. a. to see to, be intent on ; to watch

over, guard ; to have regard for, love ; to obey,

follow, — ihawakta, ihaui)ktapi.
i-ha'-kta-kta, v. red. of ihakta.
i-ha'-kta-ya, v. a. to cause to have regard for, —

ihaktawaya^

i-j

-ha'-kta-ya, adv. having regard for.

-ha'-mna, v. See ihaqmna, which is the most
correct spelling.

•hai)', V. n. to stand in or at, — iwahai) ; to re-
main, as ikidihai), to remain for one.

■haijg', cont. of ihaijke.

•har)g'-kl-ya, v. a. pos. to destroy one's own ; to
destroy for one, — ihaqgwakiya ; ihaqgkidiciyapi,
they destroy for each other.

•haijg'-ya, v. a. to destroy, bring to an end, —
ihaijgwaya, ihai)gur)yai)pi ; ihaijgi^iya, to destroy
oneself

■hai)li'-ar)-na, n. the next morning, the morning
following.

■hai)'-ka-ye-tu, n. the next day, day following.
This form is used by Mr. Renville. See ihaijyaij-
ketu.

■liar)'-ke, v. n. to end, come to an end.

■hag'-ke, n. the end, termination ; the border,
boundary.

•har)'-ke-ta, adv. at the end, at the last.

■hai)'-ke-ya, v. a. to make an end of, destroy.
See ihai)gya.

•har)'-ke-ya, adv. at the end, at the last or
lowest part : kun ihaijkeya, John viii. 23.

-har)'-ktor)-"war), n. p. the name of one of the
divisions of the Dakota people. They roam over
the prairies chiefly on the north-east side of the
Missouri river, and number about 4,000.

-har)'-ktor)-"war)-na, n. p. another family or
grand division of the Dakotas. Perhaps origi-
nally these two were one band, but now they are
distinct. These names signify those who have
their villages at the end.

■har)'-mde, v. See ihaijmna.

•hajj'-mna, v. to dream in the ordinary way ;
to have visions of what was known in a former
state of existence ; to have intercourse with spirits,
— iwahaijmna, ui)kihaT)mnai)pi.

■har)'-ya-ke, n. See ihaijyaketu.

•har)'-ya-ke-tu, n. the next day.

hda', a prefix, used to make the reflexive form of
verbs beginning with ka and ya.

•hda'-eir), v. pos. of iyaciq ; to liken one's own
or oneself to, — iwahdacii), imihdacii), iyahdacii).

■hda'-co, V. reflex, of yaco ; to judge or condemn
oneself, — mihdaco, nihdado, uijkihdacopi.

■hda'-du, V. reflex, of kadu ; to fan oneself, —
mihdadu and i^ihdadu.

•hdag', cont. of ihdaka ; ihdag uijyaijpi.

■hda'-ka, v.n. to move, start with one's family,
to go camping, move about from place to place, as
the Dakotas do, — iwahdaka, uqkihdakapi.

hda'-ksa, v. reflex, of kaksa and yaksa ; to cut
off or Ute off one't own, as one's arm, — mihdaksa.

IHD

83

IHD

i-hda'-mna, v, reflex, of kamna and yamna ; to
turn oneself around ; to gain for oneself to in-
demnify or remunerate oneself, get back one's
own, — milidamna, uijkihdamnapi.

i-hda'-o-ni-hai), v. reflex, of yaoniha^ ; to praise
oneself, — mihdaonihai) .

l-hda'-o-tar)-ii3, v. reflex, of yaotai)ii) ; to mani-
fest oneself, proclaim oneself, — mihdaotaqir).

i-hda'-ska, v. reflex, of kaska ; to bind oneself, to
deliver oneself up to be punished, — mihdaska.

i-hda'-sna and i-hda-sna-sna, v. reflex, of ya-
sna ; to miss in biting oneself, as a dog in trying
to bite his own tail.

l-hda'-spa, v. reflex, of yaspa; to bite oneself
loose, break loose, — mihda^pa.

i-hda'-tai), v. reflex, of yataq ; to praise oneself ;
to brag, boast, speak of oneself above what is true,
— mihdatai), nihdatai), ui)kihdatai)pi.

l-hda'-taQh, intj. praise yourself very much !
boast away ! A bye-word. Seeihdataij.

i-hda'-to-kai), v. reflex, of yatokaij ; to clear one-
self , prove an alibi, — mihdatokai).

i-hda'-'wa, v. reflex, of yawa ; to count oneself ;
as, wica^ta ihdawa, one who counts or esteems him-
self a man, i. e. a chief ; to count one's own or
what one is to have, — mihdawa.

l-hda'-zo, V. pos. of icazo ; to mark oneself ; to
mark one's otvn, as a blanket, — iwahdazo.

i-hda'-zi-ca, v. reflex, of yazica ; to speak of one-
self as rich.

i-hda'-zi-ea-ka, n. one who counts himself rich.

i-hdem', coiit. of ihdepa.

i-hdem'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause one to vomit up
what he has eaten, — ihdemwakiya.

i-hde'-pa, v. a. to vomit, throw up what one has
eaten, — iwahdepa, iyahdepa, uqkihdepapi.

i-hdi', n. the soft fat of animals, grease, oil ; ku-
kuie ihdi, lard ; pteasaijpi ihdi, butter : also
vegetable oil. See wihdi.

i-hdi'-yo-mdas-ix), n. a looking-glass, mirror.

l-hdo'-hi, V. reflex, of hi ; to bring oneself to a
place, as a deer that should come to be shot, —
mihdohi.

l-hdo'-i, V. reflex, of i ; to take oneself to ; to take
one's own to, — mihdoi, nihdoi, ui)kihdoipi.

l-hdo'-ku, V. reflex, of ku ; to bring oneself to-
wards home, — mihdoku.

i-hdo'-ni-ca, v. reflex, to forbid oneself, withhold
oneself from others, — mihdonic'a.

i-hdo'-u, V. reflex, of u ; to bring oneself towards
a place, — mihdou, nihdou, urikihdoupi.

l-hdo'-ya, v. reflex, of ya ; to take oneself to a
place ; to take to oneself — said of using the per-
sonal pronouns in verbs : en ihdoyepida ^ni, it
cannot be applied to oneself, — mihdoya, nihdoya.

i-hdu', a prefix of verbs in yu, making the reflexive

form.
i-hdu'-e-ee-tu, v. reflex, of yuec'etu ; to make

oneself right ; to reform, repent, — mihduedetu,

uijkihduecetupi.
i-hdu'-e-kl-ce-tu, v. reflex, to make oneself right

or as before ; to raise oneself from the dead, as

Christ did, — mihduekicetu.
i-hdu '-ha, v. reflex, of yuha ; to possess oneself,

be free; to restrain oneself, act well; to be able

to carry one's goods, etc., — mihduha, nihduha.
i-hdu'-he-ea, v. to have all one's own with one,

— mihduheca.
i-hdu'-ho-mni, v. reflex, of yuhomni ; to turn

oneself around, — mihduhomni.
i-hdu'-hu-kun, cont. of ihduhukuya ; ihduhukun

iyei^iya, to put oneself down.
i-hdu'-hu-ku-ya, v. reflex, of yuhukuya ; to

humble oneself, — mihduhukuya.
i-hdu'-hda-hda-ta, v. red. to scratch oneself

much.
i-hdu'-hda-ta, v. reflex, of yuhdata; to scratch

oneself, — mihduhdata.
i-hdu'-hdo-ka, v. reflex, of yuhdoka ; to open or

unbosom oneself ; to open for oneself, — mihdu-

hdoka.
i-hdu'-hi-ca, v. reflex, of yuhica ; to waken one-
self up, — mihduhica.
i'-hdu-ka-"wa, v. pos. (i and hdukawa) to open

one's own mouth, — iwahdukawa. See hdukawa.
i-hdu'-kcax), v. reflex, of yukc'ai) ; to have an

opinion of oneself ; to understand oneself; to ex-
amine oneself, — mihdukcar).
i-hdu'-ksa, v. reflex, of yuksa ; to break oneself

away, as a muskrat from a trap, — mihduksa.
i'-hdu-ksaq, adv. around, round about any thing,

— mihduk^ai), nihduksar), uijkihduksai).
i'-hdu-ksar)-tar)-har), adv. from all sides

around.
i'-hdu-ksar)-yar), adv.
i-hdu'-ku-ya, v. reflex.

ihduhukuya.
i-hdu'-noQ-pa, v. reflex, of yunoijpa ; to make

two of oneself ; to have two pursuits on hand at

the same time, — mihdunoijpa.
i-hdu'-o-ni-hai), v. reflex, of yuonihaij ; to honor

oneself, — mihduoniha;) .
i-hdu'-O-ta, v. reflex, of yuota ; to multiply one-
self; to do many things at the same time, — mi-

hduota.
i-hdu'-o-tarj-ii), v. reflex, of yuotaijii) ; to mani-
fest oneself, — mihduotariii).
i-hdu'-o-'wo-tar)-na, v. reflex, of yuowotai)na ;

to straighten oneself up, stand straight ; to make

oneself upright or righteous, — mihduowotajjna.

round about,
to humble o^ieself. See

IHD

84

IHN

i-hdu'-psi-ea, v. reflex, of yupsida ; to fish for

one's own use, — mihdupsica.
1-hdus', cant, of ihduza. I(Jihdus is also used.
i-hdu'-so-ta, v. reflex, of yusota ; to use oneself

up ; to use up one's own, — mihdusota.
i-hdu'-su-ta, v. reflex, of yusuta ; to make one-
self firm, establish oneself, — mihdusuta.
i-hdu'-s'a-ka, v. refiex. of yu^'aka ; to be over-
burdened with oneself; to be pregnant, — ihduma-

s'aka, ihdunis'aka.
i-hdu'-sa-pa, v. reflex, of yusapa ; to blacken or

deflle oneself, — mihdusapa.
i-hdu'-sdo-ka, v. reflex, of yusdoka ; to put off

one's own, divest oneself of, as one's garments ; to

empty oneself or put off oneself, as it is said of

Christ, in Phil. ii. 1, — mihdusdoka.
i-hdu'-si-ea, v. reflex, of yusica ; to make oneself

bad, get oneself into difficulty, — mihdusica.
i-hdu'-si-Mir), v. reflex, of yusihtiri ; to enfeeble

oneself.
i-hdu'-ska, v. reflex, of yuska ; to untie or loose

oneself, — mihduska.
i-hdu'-spa, v. reflex, of yuspa ; to break oneself

away, deliver oneself, as from a trap, — mihdu^pa.
i-hdu'-staij, v. reflex, of yustaq ; to finish or

complete the things pertaining to oneself, — mihdu-

stai), nihdustai), ui)kihduitai)pi.
i-hdu'-ta, V. pos. of iyuta and yuta ; to measure

oneself, measure or try one's own ; to eat two

things of one's own, one with the other, — iwa-

hduta.
i-hdu'-ta-ku-ni-sni, v. reflex, of yutakuni^ni ; to

destroy oneself, — mihdutakunisni.
i-hdu'-tai), V. reflex, of yutaq ; to paint oneself ;

to glorify oneself, praise oneself, — mihdutai).
i-hdu'-tar)-ir), v. reflex, of yutagi^ ; to manifest

oneself, — mihdutaqiq.
i-hdu'-tag-ka, v. reflex, of yutarika ; to make

oneself great, — mihdutai) ka.
i'-lidu-tajg-tar), v. to toiich, as with one's dirty

hands.
i-hdu'-te-ea, v. reflex, of yuteda ; to make one-
self new, — mihduteoa.
i-hdu'-to-kai), v. reflex, of yutokar) ; to remove

oneself to another place, — mihdutokaij.
l-hdu'-to-ke-ea, v. reflex, of yutokeca ; to make

oneself different, — mihdutokeda.
i-hdu'-Twa-ka-so-te-sni, v. reflex, to purify

oneself.
i-hdu'-vra-s'a-ka, v. reflex, of yuwas'aka; to

strengthen oneself, — mihduwa^'aka.
i-hdu'-"wa-ste, v. reflex, of 3mwaste ; to make

oneself good, make reparation for a wrong done.
i-hdu'-'wi, v. reflex, of yuwi ; to wrap or tie on

one's own, as one's leggins, — mihduwi.

i-hdu'-wi-ye-ya, v. reflex, of yuwiyeya ; to make
oneself ready, — mihduwiyeya, uijkihduwiyeyapi ;
ihduwiyeya maijka, / have made myself ready.

i-hdu'-za^ v. reflex, of yuza ; to dress up, put on
a dress, paint oneself up, — mihduza : Dakota
ihduza, to dress in Dakota style ; Wa^icui)
ihduza, to dress like a Frenchman.

i'-hdu-ze-ze, v. reflex, to hold up oneself by ;
to cling to, — imihduzeze, uqldhduzezepi : Nicii)-
kii ihduzeze ui)yakoi)pi, we are clinging to thy
Son.

i'-hdu-ze-ze-ya, adv. clinging to.

i-hdu'-zi-ca, v. reflex, of yuzica ; to stretch one-
self,— mihduzida.

i-hdu'-za-za, v. reflex, of yuiaia ; to wash one-
self,— mihduzaia.

i-hdu'-zu-zu, V. reflex, of yuzuiu ; to take to
pieces one's own, as one's own bundle, — mihdu-
zuzu.

i-he'-ca, n. something laid down to shoot at ;
ihec'a kute, to shoot arrows at a mark. See owii)-
heca.

i'-he-ei-ya, adv. in that way from.

i'-he-ei-ya-tag, adv. in that direction from.

i'-he-ei-ya-tai)-har), adv. on that side of

i-he-ei'-yo-tai), adv. in that direction from,.

i'-he-hai)-har)-yai), adv. red. of ihehaijyai).

i'-he-har)-yar), adv. so far from.

i-he'-ktam, prep, behind, after one, — mihektam,
nihektam ; wicihektam, behind them.

i-he'-ktam-ya, adv. behind.

l-he'-kta-pa, adv. behind : mihektapa, behind
me.

i-he'-kta-pa-ta, adv. at the back, behind.

i-he'-kta-pa-tar)-hai), adv. from behind.

i-he'-pi, n. head-oil, ointment for the hair.

i-he'-pi-o-pi-ye, n. an oil-sack.

i-he'-ya, v. to go or pa^s through, as iyoopta
iheya, to pass or discharge from the bowels, —
ihewaya, iheyaya, iheujjyaijpi ; to shoot, hit, as a
mark ; to assemble, come together, as kata iheya ;
witaya iheya, wa^yag iheya. In these cases it is
a collective plural : iheugyaijpi is also used.

i'-hi-ya-ye, n. semen ; i. q. oi) hoksiyokopa

i-hna'-hna-yar), v. red. of ihnayaq ; to sport

with, deceive by, — iwahnahnayai).
i-hna'-skiij-yai), v. n. to be possessed with,

demonized ; to be crazy for or by reason of, —

imahnaikiijyai).
i-hna'-yai), v. a. to deceive with or for, — iwahna-

yai), iyahnayai), uqkihnayagpi.
i-hni', V. a. to hunt, seek for ; to hunt or follow

after, as deer and such hke game, — iwahni, iya-

hni, ugkihnipi. See wotihni.

IHN

85

IHT

i-hni'-hda, v. a. to go for, take a journey for,

procure ; to have business, — iwahnilida, uqMhni-

hdapi.
i-hnu', V. a. to blame with, charge upon ; to

grumble, murmur about, — iwahnu, uqldhnupi ;

wikicihnupi, they recriminate ecbch other.
i-hnu'-har), adv. Used always with kii) or 6rQ,

kii)hai) or c'iijhai) after it, and signifying strong

prohibition ; beware : ihnuliafl hecanoi) kii) do,

see thou do it not.
i-hnu'-haQ-na, adv. suddenly, immediately.
i-ho', V. iho wo, iho po, always imperat. ; come

on, come ; be it so ; see there.
i-ho'-e-ca, adv. indeed.

i-hom'-e-ea, adv. now indeed. This word is fre-
quently used to introduce threatening expressions.
1-hu'. This is an obscene bye-word relating to

copulation. See hu. It is much used by the

Indians as an interjection denoting impatience, —

iwahu : oijze ihu, to commit sodomy ; iwicahu,

sodomy.
i-hu'-dar), intj. Same as ihu.
i-hu'-ku-ku-ya, adv. red. of ihukuya.
i-hu'-kun, adv. under, beneath : ihukun iyeya, to

put underneath.
i-hu'-ku-ya, adv. under, beneath any thing,

down below ; inferior in dignity or office, — mihu-

kuya, nihukuya.
i-hu'-ni, V. See ihuijni.
i-hur)'-m, V. n. to land, reach the shore; to get

through, as a wood, get across, as a prairie, — iwa-

huqni, iyahuijni, uijkihuijnipi.
•hur)'-ni-ki-ya, v. a. to go through with, finish,

complete, as the reading of a book, — ihuijniwa-

kiya.
i-hur)'-ni-ya, v. a. to go through with, finish, —

ihuqniwaya, ihuijniuiiya^pi.
i-hur)'-ni-yar(, adv. clear through, entirely.
i-hu'-pa, n. the bail or handle of any thing ; the

stem, shaft, thill, etc.
i-hu'-pa-ki-ei-tor), v. a. to put in a handle, etc.

for one, — ihupawecitoi).
i-hu'-pa-ki-toQ, v. pos. to bail or handle erne's

own, — ihupawetoi) .
i-hu '-pa-tor), v. to have a handle, be handled ; to

put a handle or bail to any thing, — ihupawatog.
i-hu'--wi-ea-ta, n. a stone for pounding meat.

A stick is fastened in a crease made round the

middle, which serves for a handle.
i-fia', V. (i and ha) to laugh ; laugh at, make fun

of, — iwaha, iyaha, uijkihapi ; imayala, thou

laughest at me.
i'-liad, or iban, adv. jestingly, laughingly.
i-tta'-ha, n. the manyplies or omasum, one of

the stomachs of an animal. See tihaha.

1

i-ha'-lia, v. red. of iha ; to laugh at, make fun

of, ridicule, — iwahaha.
i'-Bia-lia, v. n. to bubble and curl or laugh along,

as rapid water. /i ,

i'-Bia-ha, n. the noise of water-falls or rapids.
i-Bia'-Bia-ke, n. one who is always jesting, a fool.
i-lia'-ha-ya, v. a. to cause to jest or laugh at, —

ihahawaya.
i-ha'-ha-ya, adv. laughingly, jestingly.
i-B.a'-ke, v. to laugh, jest, — iwahake.
i-ha'-kl-ya, v. a. to cause to laugh, — ihawakiya.
i'-fi.an, adv. jestingly, in fun : ihan epeca, / said

it in fun.
i-Raq', V. n. to do, work, do in reference to : tak

ihai) yahi he, what didst thou come to do ? — iwa-

haq.
i-R'ar)', v. n. to graze, eat grass, as an ox : peii

ih'ai), to eat off the grass. See wih'a^.
i-h'ar)'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to feed or graze, —

ih'aijwakiya.
i-ha'-ta-ta, v. n. to laugh immoderately, — iha-

matata.
i-lia'-ya, v. a. to cause to laugh, he the occasion

of laughter, — ihawaya, ihamayaya.
i-&dali'-ye-ce-snl, v. n. to stay, remain in a

place. See hdahyecesni.
i'-Bidi, n. a sore mouth, — imahdi.
i-hdi', V. n. to have a sore or breaking out in con-
sequence of, — imahdi, inihdi.
i-fi'e', n. gravel ; a stony place.
i-Re'-ya-ta, adj. of heyata ; back from, behind,

— miheyata : tipi ki^ iheyata, back of the house.
i-he'-ya-tar)-har), adv. from behind.
i-lie'-ya-ta-tar)-har), adv. from behind.
i-]iir)'-kpa^ n. the hill behind.
i-)iir)'-kpa-ta, adv. at the hill behind, back from.
i-hir)'-kpa-tar)-har), adv. back from, towards

the hill from.
i-Mr)'-tpa, n. Same as ihiijkpa.
i-fiir)'-tpa-ta, adv. Same as ihiijkpata.
i-liir)'-tpa-tar)-har), adv. Same as ihiijkpatai)-

hai).
i'-lina-har), v. n. to have the under Up hanging

down, — imahnahai). See hnahai).
i-lini'-yai)-yar), v. n. to be troubled with, excited

about, — imahniyaijyai] : wasiij ihniyaijyai), to be

distressed by eating fat.
i-hpa'-ya, v. n. to fall, fall down ; to become

sick, — iwahpamda, iyahpada, uijkihpayapi.
i-lipe'-ya, v. n. to throw down, throw away ; to

leave, forsake, — ihpewaya, ihpeu^yagpi. See

ehpeya.
i'-Ma-ye-tu, n. the next evening, the evening

following the time mentioned.
l-htii)', n. See ihtiijka.

IHT

86

IKI

i-Mii)'-ka, n. any thing that hangs down or

dangles, as ear-bobs, etc.
i-h'wir)', or i-hur)'-"wir), v. n. to smell of, stink.
i-tAvir)', or i-liui)'-"wir), n. a had smell, stink.
i'-i-di-keu, n. of icu ; one who takes tvithout

leave. Perhaps tbis is for iye i^ikcu.
i'-i-kpu-ta-ka, v. pos. to kiss one's own, as one's

relative, — iiwakputaka.
i-iij'-kpa-ta, adv. at the point of any tbing.
i-ii)'-tpa-ta, adv. Same as iiqkpata.
i'-i-pu-ta-ka, v. to touch mouths, to kiss, — iiwa-

putaka.
i'-i-tko-pa-tar)-har), adv. See iyeitkopatagbai).
i'-i-tpu-ta-ka, v. to kiss one's own. Same as

iikputaka.
i'-i-3ru.-'wi, n. a bridle : durig iiyuwi, a lialter or

bridle for a horse.
i-ka'-gi, v. See ic'agi, — imakagi.
i'-ka-han, adv. so far from.
i'-ka-har)-yan, adv. so far from.
i'-ka-ki, adv. on that side of.
i'-ka-ki-ya, adv. on that side of.
i'-ka-ki-ya-tag-hai), adv. in that way from,

on that side.
i-ka-ki'-yo-tar), adv. in that direction from.

Not much used.
i-kai)', n. a cord, a string, a rope ; the bail of any

thing.
i-kar)'-ki-ei-tor), v. a. to put or tie a string or

strap on for one to carry by, — ikaijwecitor).
i-kar)'-ki-tor), v. pos. of ikaijtoi) ; to tie a string

on one's own pack, to carry it by, — ikaijwetor).
i-kai)'-tor), v. a. to put a strap or string on a

bag, etc., to carry it by, — ikaijwatoi), ikaquritoqpi.
i-kar)'-yar), v. a. to have for a handle or string,

— ikaijwaya, ikai)ui)yai)pi.
i-kar)'-ye, adv. towards the centre, as towards

the fire, towards a river or lake, down towards.
i-kar)'-ye-tar)-har), adv. on the river or lake

side of an object.
i'-ka-pa, v. a. (i and kapa) to open the mouth

on, scold, — iwakapa, imakapa.
i-ka'-pa, v. of kapa ; to pass by, go beyond, ex-
ceed,— ikawapa.
i'-ka-pa-s'a, n. one who scolds, a scold.
i-ka'-pa-ya, adv. more than, surpassing.
i-ka'-pe-ya, adv. beyond, more than.
i'-ka-pta, v. (i and kapta) to threaten, scold. See

icapta, which is the more correct form.
i-ka'-pta, adv. through : ikapta hiqhpaya, to

fall through. See icapta, the better form.
i'-ka-skam, cont. of ikaskapa.
i'-ka-skam-ya, adv. smiting on the mouth.
i'-ka-ska-pa, v. a. to slap on the mouth, — iwaka-

skapa.

i-kea'-pta, v. pos. of icapta ; to he angry and

talk badly, — mikcapta.
i-kce', adj. common, wild, in a state of nature :

ikce haijpa, or haripikceka, common moccasins,

that is, not ornamented ; sugkikdeka, a dog, not a

horse ; Ikcewidasta, Indians, not white men.
i-kee', adv. for nothing, freely, in the common

way : ikce ma]^u, he gave it to me for nothing.
i-kee '-ka, adj. common : suqkikceka, a dog, a

common dog, not a horse, as they frequently call

horses and oxen ^uijka.
i-kee'-kee, v. red, of ikde.
i-kee'-kce-ya, adv. red. of ikceya.
i-kee '-'wi-ca-sta, n. common men, wild men,

Indians, not white men.
i-kee'-ya, adv. in a common manner, commonly,

ordinarily, freely, viildly, naturally.
i-kee'-ya-ken, adv. ordinarily.
i-ke'-kto-pa--wir)-ge, adj. the one thousandth.
i-ki'-ea-ga, v. n. of idaga ; to become, grow to be,

— imakidaga, u^kikicagapi.
i-ki'-ea-zo, v. a. of idazo ; to take credit of one,

— iwedazo, iyedazo, urjkidazopi, imidazo, inidazo.
i-ki'-ei-ea-ga, v. n. of idaga ; to grow for one,

— imididaga, uijkididagapi.
i-ki'-ei-eu, v. of icu ; to take or get for one, —

iwedidu, imidicu.
i-ki'-ei-do-'war), v. of idowaij ; to sing to one,

to praise one /or another, — iwedidowai).
i-ki'-ei-har), v. of hai) ; to remain for one, — imi-

cihai), inidihar), uijkidiharipi.
i-ki'-ei-hni, v. of ihni; to hunt something, as

deer, ete.for one,' — ^iwedihni.
i-ki'-ei-ha-B.a-pi, v. recipr. they laugh at each

other.
i-ki'-ci-ksa-pa, v. of iksapa ; to be wise for one,

instruct one in the right way, — iwediksapa.
i-ki'-ei-tu-ka, v. of ituka ; to beg of one for

another, — iwecituka, imidituka.
i-ki'-ei-ur), v. of iui) ; to rub on for, — iwediug.
i-ki'-ei-"wi-star), v. ' of yustaij ; to treat with

kindness, as a sick person, do little things for one,

— iwediwistai). See ikidiyu^tai).
i-ki'-ei-yu-keai), v. of iyukdari ; to judge of or
form an opinion for one, — iwediyukdai), imidiyu-

kdai), uqkidiyukdaijpi, ididiyukdai).
i-ki'-ei-yu-star), v. of iyustaij ; to take care of,

as of a sick person, — iweciyustai).
i-ki'-eo, V. a. to invite to, as to eat corn or meat,

— iwedo, iyedo, imido : takudai) iwidawedo ^ni, /

have nothing to invite them to.
i-ki'-ha, v. pos. of iha ; to laugh at one's own, —

iwakiha.
i-ki '-ha-ha, v. red. of iMha ; to make fun of one's

own, — iwakihaha.

IKI

87

IKU

i-kl'-keu, V. pos. of icu ; to take one's own ; to

take hack what one has given, — ^iwekdu, iyekdu,

ui)kikc'upi.
l-M'-ki-ye-dai), adv. red. of iMyeda;).
l-ki'-ksani, cont. of ikiksapa.
l-ki'-ksam-ya, v. a. to cause one to he wise in

reference to his own, — ^ikiksamwaya ; ikiksami^iya,

to make oneself wise for oneself.
i-ki'-ksam-ya, adv. wisely, cautiously.
i-ki'-ksa-pa, v. n. to be wise for mie's own ; to

consult, — iwakiksapa.
i-ki'-ni-ea, v. of akinica ; to dispute, as about the

division of any thing, — uijkikinicapi.
i-ki'-nin, cont. of ikinica : iMnin ia, to talk about

in a disputing way, to dispute about.
i-ki'-par), v. a. of kipai) ; to call to one for some-
thing,— iwakipai) .
i-ki'-pa-smi, v. a. to provoke to anger, — iwakipa-

smi.
i-ki'-pa-zir), v. a. of kipazii) ; to quarrel with one

for or on account of any thing, — iwakipaiiq.
i-ki'-tu-ka, v. n. to delight in any thing, — ima-

tuka, inicituka.
i-ki'-ui), V. pos. of iuq ; to rub on oneself, — iwa-

kiui), iyakiui), ur)kikiui)pi.
i-ki'-ya, v. See iciya.
i'-kl-ya-dar), adv. near to, near at hand, — miki-

yadai), nikiyadai), wi(iikiyadai), cikiyadai).
l-ki'-yan-ya, v. to have nearly finished, — ikiyan-

waya.
I'-ki-ye-dai), adv. nigh to, referring both to time

and place. Same as ikiyadai).
i-ki'-yu-"wl, v. a. to bridle or put a rope in the

mouth of one's horse, — iwakimduwi.
i-ko'-pa, V. a. to he afraid of, to fear, as some

event, — ikowapa, ikoyapa, ikougpapi.
i-ko'-pe-hda, v. n. to be in a state of fear on

account of, — ikopewahda.
i-ko'-pe-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to he afraid of or

for, — ikopewakiya.
i-ko'-yag, cont. of ikoyaka ; ikoyag iyeya.
i-ko'-yag-ya, v. a. to fasten to, as a horse to a

cart, to join one thing to another ; to clothe, put

on, — ikoyagwaya, ikoyaguqyaijpi.
i-ko'-yag-ya, adv. fastened to : ikoyagya hai),

standing fastened to.
i-ko'-yag-ya-ken, adv. fastened to.
i-ko'-ya-ka, v. n. to adhere to, stick to, — ikoma-

yaka : to be fastened to, as a horse to a cart.
i-kpa'-gax), v. reflex, of pagai) ; to spare oneself,

yield up oneself, — mikpagai).
i-kpa'-ge, n. the notch in the end of an arrow.
i-kpa'-hdo-ka, v. reflex, of pahdoka ; to pierce

through, make a hole for oneself, as the muskrat,

— mikpahdoka.

i-kpa'-Rpa, v. reflex, of pahpa ; to throw oneself

off, as from a horse, — mikpahpa.
i-kpa'-]ipe-liir)-ca, n. one who throws away

every thing which he hxis, a squanderer, a spend-
thrift,— mikpatpehiij ca.
i-kpa'-ptai), v. reflex, to turn oneself over, roll

over, — mikpaptai), ui)kikpaptai)pi.
i-kpa'-tai), v. reflex, of patai) ; to he careful of

oneself, — mikpatai) .
l-kpa'-tar)-yar), adv. taking care of oneself, care-
fully.
i-kpi', n. the belly, abdomen. Sometimes it may

mean the thorax also ; but that is more properly

called maku.
i-kpi '-hnag, cont. of ikpihnaka : ikpihnag iye-

waya.
i-kpi'-hnag-ya, adv. placed in around the body.
i-kpi'-hna-ka, v. a. to place in the belly ; hoksin

ikpihnaka, to be pregnant, — ikpiwahnaka ; to

place in or put around the body, as in a blanket

when tied around one.
i-kpi'-pa-tar)-hai), adv. in around the body.
i-kpi'-ska-ya--war)-ka, v. to lie with the belly

turned up, as a dog does.
i-kpi'-zu, V. a. to put in around the body, — ikpi-

wazu, ikpiuijzupi.
i-kpu'-kpa, adv. mixed up, as people of different

nations dwelling together, or as different kinds of

corn growing together in the same field.
i-ksam', cont. of iksapa.
i'-ksam-ya, v. a. of iksapa ; to make any thing,

to do any thing, i. q. kicaijyai), — iksamwaya.
i-ksam'-ya, v. a. of ksapa ; to make wise for or

concerning, — iksamwaya.
i-ksam'-ya, adv. wisely.
i-ksa'-pa, v. n. to be wise about any thing, —

iwaksapa, iyaksapa, uijkiksapapi.
i'-ksa-pa, v. n. to be much engaged about ; to he

unfortunate, not to obtain, — imaksapa, iniksapa,

uijkiksapapi : ituh iksapa, he has been working

for naught.
i-ksu', n. the beak or hill of a bird ; i. q. pasu.
i-ksu'-ya, v. n. to see signs of an enemy ; to be

frightened by signs, — iwaksuya, uqkiksuyapi.
i-ksin'-ki-ya, v. a. to make faces at, — iksin-

wakiya, iksinmakiya.
i-kte', v. of kte ; to kill with any thing, — iwa-

kte.
i-kte'-ka, n. something to kill with, as a gun :

ikteka manica, / have nothing to kill with.
i-ku', n. the chin ; the lower jaw of animals.
i-ku'-ka, V. n. to be decayed by reason of, worn

out hy ; to he boiled to pieces together with.
i-ku'-ke-y a, adv. rotten or boiled to pieces with :

ikukeya ^paq, it is cooked all to pieces.

IKU

88

IN A

i'-ku-sai), n. a small kind of mink with a brown

lower jaw.
i'-ku-sar)-na, M. Same'as ikusai).
i-ku'-te, n. ammunition. Icute is the better form.
i-ku'-tku-te-ka, v. n. to make trial, to endeavor

beforehand to know how one can succeed, for

instance, in asking for any thing, — iwakutkuteka.
i-ma'-ga-ga, v. n. of magaga ; to be amused

with, cheered by, — imamagaga, inimagaga.
i-ma'-ga-ga-yEi, v. a. to amuse with, enliven by,

cheer one, — imagagawaya.
i '-ma-hen, adv. within.
i'-ina-hen-tar)-har), adv. from within.
i'-ma-hen-tu, adv. within.
i'-ma-hen-tu-ya, adv. inwards, within.
i'-ma-hen-tu-ya-ken, adv. within, in the inside

i'-nia-hen-"wa-pa, adv. towards the inside, in-
wards.
i-ma'-nl, v. a. of mani ; to walk to or for a thing,

— imawani, imauijnipi.
i-mda'-mde, v. 1st pers. sing, of iyaya ; / went.
i'-mna, v. n. to be satisfied, have sufficient of, —

imamna, inimna, iuijmnaijpi.
i'-mna-hax), adv. satisfied, to satisfaction, enough,

sufficiently : imnahai) uqtapi, we have eaten suffi-
ciently.
i'-mna-haQ-yar), adv. sufficiently.
i'-nina-har)-yar)-ken, adv. very much, a great

deal, sufficiently, — imnahaijyaijken edoi), he has

done enough.
i'-mna-yar), v. a. to fill, satisfy, — imnawaya.
i'-mna-yar), adv. filled, satisfied.
i-mna'-yai), v. a. of mnayaij ; to gather together

by means of, — imnawaya.
i-mni'-ci-ya, v. n. to make an assembly to, —

imnimiciya, imniniciya ; they assemble to or for

some purpose.
i'-mni-star), n. water running from the mouth :

imni^tai) au, to drivel, slaver, — imni^tai) amau.
i-inni'-za, n. a rock, rocks. See heimniza.
I-mni'-za-ska-dai), n. (imniza and skadaij) the

Dakota name for Saint Paul ; little-white-rock.
i-na', n. mother, my mother. It is used only in

this form. For the second and third persons see

'hui].'
i-na', or i-naf, intj. strange ! surprising !
i-na'-gu-ge-ea, adj. spongy or open, like the soft

part of bones. Said when tlie grease is all boiled

up with the water or soup.
i'-na-hai), intj. of assent ; truly ! certainly ! to

be sure !
l-na'-hda-ka, v. n. to stand out, as the ribs of a

poor animal, to be lean, very poor ; to spread out,

as a moccasin.

i-na'-hi-na-hi-na, intj. of surprise ; indeed !

i-naJB.', intj. See inahinahina.

i-na'-fibe, v. See inahma.

i-na'-tbe-ki-ya, v. a. to hidefrw(n, conceal from

one, — inatbewaMya.
i-na'-Rbe-ki-ya, adv. in a concealed manner,

secretly.
i-na'-libe-ya, adv. secretly, slily, covertly.
i-na'-hbe-ya-har), adv. in secret, secretly.
i-na'-Rei, v. a. to pierce and have the hold break

out of any thing, — inawahci.
i-na'-hdo-ka, v. a. to wear a hole with the foot by

means of something, as in one's moccasins or

socks : haijpa igyai) inwahdoka, / have worn a

hole in my moccasins on a stone, — inawahdoka.
i-na'-hma, v. a. to hide, keep secret, conceal, —

inawahbe, inauijhmaijpi.
i'-na-hma, v. a. to seduce, to commit fornication

or adultery with one, — inawalbe. See wiina-

hma.
i'-na-hniar)-pi, n. seduction.
i-na'-bni, v. n. to be in haste, make haste, hurry,

— inawahni, inauijhnipi.
i-na'-hni-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to make haste, to

hasten one, — inahniwakiya.
i-na'-hni-pi, n. a hastening, haste, hurry.
i-na'-hni-ya, v. a. to hasten one, make hurry, —

inahniwaya.
i-na'-Rnl-yaj), adv. in haste, hastily ; on an

errand : inahniyai) wahi, / have come on an

errand.
i-na'-hpe, n. of nahpa ; that which is stepped on

and sets off a trap, the pan of a trap.
i-na'-hpe-dax), n. dim. of inahpe.
i'-na-ki-hbe, v. See inakilima.
i'-na-ki-hma, v. pos. of inahma ; to entice away

one's oion, as a woman whom one has formerly

had for a wife : tawicu inakihbe, he has stolen

away his old wife, — inawakihma.
i-na'-kim-ya, adv. of inamya ; taking refuge in,

fleeing to for shelter or refuge, trusting in : Nio'ii)-

k^i inakimya ceuijniciyapi, we pray to Thee trust-
ing in thy Son.
l-na'-ki-pa, v. pos. of inapa : to take refuge in

one's own ; to trust in something that sustains

some relation to one, — inawakipa.
i-na'-ki-tar), v. pos. of inataii ; to go off and

leave one's own in danger, — inawakitai), inauijki-

taqpi.
i-na'-ki-'wi-zi, v. pos. pf inawizi ; to be envious

of one's own relations ; to be jealous of one's own,

— inawakiwizi.
i-na'-ku-ka, v. of nakuka ; to crush or destroy

loith the foot, — inawakuka.
i-nam', cont. of inapa.

INA

89

INU

I'-na-ma, intj. surprising !

i-nam'-ya, adv. taking refuge in, sheltered hy :
tipi inamya wauq, I am taking refuge in a house.

l-nar)'-pa, v. See inapa.

i-na'-pa, v. a. to come out, come up out of, as in
diving ; to appear or come out on the other side ;
to get through, live through, as through a winter ;
to take shelter or refuge in, from a storm or from
any evil ; to trust in, — inawapa, inauijpapi ; ina-
cipa, / take refuge in thee.

i-na'-peii)-"war)g-AV£Lr)-ka, adj. red. of inapcig-
waqka ; every ninth one.

i-na'-peir)-"war)-ka, adj. the ninth.

i-na'-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to come out of, cause
to appear on the other side ; to shoot through ;
to cause to live through, as through a winter ; to
cause to trust in, — inapewaya, inapeur)yai)pi.

i-na'-pe-ya, adv. appearing ; trusting in.

i-na'-pi-skar)-yai), v. to do little things to pass
away time, to kill time, — inapiskaqwaya.

i-na'-pi-star)-yar), v. Same as inapiskaqyag.

i-na'-po-ta, v. a. of napota ; to wear out, as one's
moccasins, by means of something, — inawapota.

i-na'-psa-ka, v. a. of napsaka ; to break off, as a
string, with the foot, by means of something, —
inawapsaka.

i-na'-psEi, V. n. to make a noise, as one walking
with water in his moccasins, — inawapsa.

i-na'-pta, v. a. to wear out a thing, — inawapta :
haijpa inapta iyewaye, / have worn out my moc-
casins.

i-na'-pte-ca, v. n. to be prevented by ; used with
ini : inapteca sni, not to be prevented by any
thing, — inamapteca sni.

i-na'-pte-tu, adv. prevented by ; less.

i-na'-sdog, cont. of inasdoka ; inasdog iyaya.

i-na'-sdo-ka, v. to pass on beyond; to wear
through, wear out a thing, as haijpa inawasdoka,
/ have worn through my moccasins ; to get one-
self away, escape, as from danger, — inawasdoka.

i-na'-sdo-ka, adv. past : myotaphai) inasdoka,
a little past noon.

i-na'-ta-ke, n. (i and nataka) a fastener, i. e. a
bolt, lock, bar ; a fence, fort, etc. See mahina-
take.

i-na'-tai), v. a. to disregard, leave in danger, —
inawataq, inamayatar). John xiii. 38.

i-na'-tar), D. a. to press upon with the foot. Hence,
simatar), something on which the foot presses, stir-
rups.

i-na'-"wi-zi, v. to be jealous ; to be envious of, —
inawawizi, inaurjwizipi.

i-na'-Avi-zi-pi, n. jealousy, envy.

i-na'-'wi-zi-ya, v. a. to cause to be jealous, — ina-
wiziwaya.

12

i-na'-ya, v. a. to call mother, have for mother, —
inawaya, inauqyaijpi.

i-na'-zir), v. n. to rise up to one's feet, to stand,
to go and stand at ; to stop, come to a stand, —
inawazii).

i-na'-zir)-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to stand, to raise
up, — inaiiri wakiya.

i-ni', V. n. to take a vapor-bath, steam oneself, to
take a sweat, — iwani, iyani, ui)kinipi ; to make a
kind of wakaij. This consists in washing and
steaming oneself four times over hot stones,
accompanied with singing, etc. It is done after
one has killed an enemy or a royal eagle.

i-ni'-hai), v. n. to be scared, frightened, amazed,
astonished, — imanihag, ininihai), uijkinihaqpi.

i-ni'-har)-pi, n. amazement. See wowinihaij.

i-ni'-har)-ya, v. a. to frighten, scare, amaze, as-
tonish one, — ^inihaqwaya, inihaqugyaiipi.

i-ni'-har)-yai), adv. in amazement.

i-ni'-ka-ga, v. to make ' ini.'

i-ni'-na, adv. still, silent : inina yagka, to be still
or silent, — inina maqka.

i-ni'-na-ya, v. a. to cause to be silent, mxike still,
— ininawaya.

i-nin'-ya, v. a. to put to silence, — ^minwaya.

i-ni'-pi, n. a steaming, sweating.

i-ni'-ti, v. to take a vapor-bath, make a little
liouse and sweat in it, — iniwati.

i-ni'-ya, v. a. of niya ; to breathe from ; cuwi
iwaniya, / breathe through a hole in my side.

i-nma', intj. See inama.

i'-ninu, n. a cat, the generic term for an animal
of the cat kind.

i-nmu'-hde-ska, n. the spotted wild cat, the
genet.

i-nmu'-ho-ta, n. the grey wild cat, catatnount,
lynx, Felis rufa or Felis lynx.

i-ninu'-sur)-ka, n. (inmu and suijka) the domes-
tic cat.

i-nmu'-tajg-ka, n. the panther, Felis pardus.

i-nom', ccmt. of inoqpa.

i-nom'-nom, cont. of inomnoijpa.

i-nom'-noQ-pa, adj. every second one.

i-nor)'-pa, adj. the second.

i'-nor)-pa, n. (i and noijpa) two mouths : maza-
kai) inoripa, a double-barrelled gun.

i-nu', adv. suddenly, i. q. ihnuhaijna.

i'-nur). See inugka.

i'-nuQ-ka, v. n. to grow well, as grass, by reason
of rain or any favorable circumstance, to thrive.
See winuka.

i-nur)'-ka, v. 2d pers. sing, of iwaijka ; tlwu
liest down.

i-nui)'-ka, v. n. to become large in the genital
organs, — imanug ka.

Ily

90

IP»A

ir), V. a. to wear around the shoulders, as a blan-
ket, shawl, or cloak, — ^hiijini, higni, uijki^pi.
ll)-de', n. a flame, a blaze. See ide, the better

orthography.
ii)-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to wear, as a shawl or

blanket, — 15 wakiy a.
ig'-kpa, n. the end of any thing, the small end ;

the head or source, as of a stream, etc.
ir)'-kpa-ta, adv. at the end, at the head or source :

wakpa iqkpata yeye cii), all along at the sources

of a stream.
ir)'-kpa-tar)-har), adv. from the end.
ir)'-sko-ke-ea, adv. so large.
ir)S, pron. he, she, it. Same as i^.
ir)'-tpa, n. Same as iqkpa.
ir)'-tpa-ta, adv. Same as iijkpata.
iri'-yai), n. a stone, stones. Iijyaijtaijkiijyai)-

yaq. Big- Stone Lake.
ir)'-yar)g, cont. of iijyaqka: iqya^g mde kta, /

will go on a run.
ir)'-yar)-ka, v. n. to run, — waimnaqka, yainaqka,

ui)kii)yai)kapi.
ii|'-yai)-'wa-a-nu-nu, n. moss on stones, moss.

See waanunu.
ii)-yui)', intj. lo ! behold ! iqyuq ecoij ya^i \o\)

ec'oi) ^ni, behold ! what thou comrwandedst him to
'•'■ do he has not done.
i-o'-hmus, cont. of iohmuza; iohmus maqka, /

keep my mouth shut.
i-o'-hmus-ya, v. a. to cause to shut the mouth.
i-o'-hmu-za, n. a closed mouth.
i-o'-ka-pa-za, v. n. to be pungent in the mouth, as

pepper, — iomakapaza.
l-o'-ka-tai), v. a. to nail one thing on another ;

to nail and hold an axe on the other side, — iowa-

katar).
i-o'-kpa-ka, adv. with open mouth, furiously :

iokpaka iyahpaya, to fall on one talking furious-
ly, as a drunken man, or as a dog barking attacks

any thing.
i-o'-kpa-kpas, adv. moving the lips : iokpakpas

ya^ka, to be moving the lips, as one talking to

himself.
i-or) '-si-da, v. a. to have mercy or compassion on

one in reference to something ; to grant, bestow, —

ioQsiwada, ioqsiuijdapi, ioijsimada.
i-or)'-si-da-ya, adv. having compassion on in

reference to something.
i-o'-pa-"wii)-ge, adj. the one hundredth.
i-o'-star), n. a cork, stopper for a vial, etc.
i-o'-star)-pi, n. Same as ioitaq.
l-o'-'wa, n. something to write or paint with, a

pen or pencil.
i-o'-zim-na-na, adv. full, running over. See

iyuiimnana.

i-pa', n. the top of any thing : paha ipa, the top of

a hill ; he ipa, the head of the Coteau ; — also,

a cape, promontory, projecting point.
i-pa'-be, v. Same as ipamaq.
i-pa'-be, n. something to rub with ; as, cai) ipabe,

a file ; waij ipabe, a stone to rub arrows with.
i-pa'-gai), V. to push aside, as a tent door, for

the purpose of looking out : tiyopa ipagai] ina-

wapa, / went out by pushing aside the door.
i-pa'-go, n. (i and pago) something to carve or

grave with, a carving or graving implement.
i-pa'-go-ya, adv. passing by, exceeding in length ;

said when one thing is longer than another.
i-pa'-ha, v. ipaha iyeya, to raise up, as a curtain.
i-pa'-hdo-ka, v. n. to run the head against, butt

against, — imapahdoka.
i-pa'-hir), v. n. to lean the head against, have for

a pillow, — iwapahii), iyapahii), uijkipahiijpi.
i-pa'-hll), M. a pillow, — mitipahii), nitipahii).
i-pa'-hig-ya, v. a. to have or use for a pillow, —

ipahiijwaya.
i-pa'-Me, n. (i and pahta) something to tie up

with, a string.
i-pa'-ka, v. n. to draw back, as meat from ribs

when cooked, or as the husks of com when ripe :

ipaka iyeya.
i-pa'-kea, n. (i and pakca) a comb.
i-pa'-kea-dai), n. a small comb.
i-pa'-kca-sbu-dar), n. a fine comb.
i-pa'-kca-tar)-ka, n. a dressing-comb.
i-pa'-kir)-ta, v. a. to wipe off, — iwapakii)ta.
i-pa'-kir)-te, n. (i and pakiijta) something to wipe

with, a towel. Hence, napipakiijte, a napkin.
i-pa'-ki-za, v. to rub, as one's eyes, with the

hand, — iwapakiia.
i-pa'-ko-te, n. a probe. Hence, cai)ipakote or

cai)wipakote, a stick to probe with.
i-pa'-ksai), adj. crooked.
i-pa'-ksar), n. a bend in a river, etc. Mde

ipaksai), Big-Stone Lake ; Wakpa ipak^aq, the

Big Sioux river.
i-pa'-mar), v. a. to rub, rub on, as in filing, —

iwapabe, ui)kipamai)pi.
i-pa'-mna, n. a setting-pole.
i-pa'-mna-ki-tor), v. a. to pole, to use a pole in

boating, — ipamnawetoij.
i-pa'-murig, cont. of ipamui)ka; ipamui)g ic'u,

to dip up, as water, with a vessel, — ipamuijg

iwacu.
i'-pa-muQg, cont. ipamuijg yatkaij, to stoop down

and drink from a spring, — ipamui)g mdatka^.
i-pa'-murj-ka, v. n. to be capable of being dipped

up with a bucket. Thus it is asked, Miniyowe

toketu hwo, how is the spring ? Answer, Ipamur)-

ka, it can be dipped up.

IP A

91

IPI

i-pa'-po-pe, n. a pop-gun ; the elder, from which
pop-guns are made.

i-pa'-ptai), V. to turn over : ipaptaq ehpei^iya,
to turn oneself over.

i-pa'-pu-za, n. (i and papuza) something to wipe
dry with, a towel.

i-pa'-saj), V. a. to put on white paint with the
end of a stick, make white dots, to rub on and
whiten with, — iwapasa^, imayapasag.

i-pa'-sbu, V. ipasbu iyaya, to pass through, as
through tall grass ; ipasbu iyeiciya, to force one-
self into a feast or company when not called.

i-pas'-hax), n. any thing that comes through and
holds, the little iron that comes over and holds a
trap when set ; a screw.

l-pa'-si-sa, v. a. to stick in, as a needle or pin ;
to sew ; to button, as with a wiping screw, — iwa-
pasisa, iyapasisa, uqkipasisapi.
■pa'-si-se, «. (i and pasisa) a stitch.
■pa'-SO-tka, adj. conspicuous, extending up, as a

tall tree or steeple.
•pa'-so-tka-ya, adv. conspicuously.
■pa'-spa, V. to drive in, as tent-pins, — iwapaspa.
•pa'-star), n. an instrument used in dressing
skins, a rubbing instrument ; i. q. tahaipastaq.
pa'-sdog, cont. of ipaSdoka ; ipasdog iyeya.
•pa'-sdo-ka, v. a. to draw off over the head, as a
shirt; to live through, as through a winter or
sickness : kitaij iwapasdoka, / have just lived
through.

i-pa'-ta, V. a. to embroider, work quill-work,
work with porcupine quills, — iwapata. See wi-
pat-a.

i-pa'-tag, cont. of ipataka.

i-pa'-tag-tor), v. a. to brace out or stretch, as in
drying hides and skins, — ipatagwatoi).

i-pa'-tag-ya, v. a. to cause to brace out or up ;
to sustain, reinforce, — ipatagwaya, ipatagugyaqpi.

i-pa'-ta-ka, v. a. to stretch out by means of
cross-sticks ; to have for a staf or support ; to
lean on, be dependent upon, — iwapataka, uijkipata-
kapi.

i-pa'-ta-ke, n. (i and pataka) a prop or brace, a
stick to stretch a skin on : siqkpe ha ipatake, a
stick to stretch a muskrat-skin on.

i-pa'-tai), V. a. to mash up one thing with ano-
ther,— i wapatai) .

i-pa'-tar), n. a prop or brace.

i-pa'-tku-ga, adv. abreast, in a row, in a pha-
lanx.

i-pa'-tkuh-ya, adv. in a row, abreast.

i-pa'-tir)-za, v. a. to make firm by means of, —
iwapatiijza.

i-pa'-tir)-za, n. (i and patiqza) any thing that
makes firm, sustenance, nourishment.

i-pa'-"we-ga, v. n. to bend across ; to intersect,
come into or cross, as one road does another.

i-pa'-vreli, cont. of ipawega : ipaweh iyaya, to go
across, — ipaweh imdamde.

i-pa'-Tveh-ya, v. a. to cause to intersect, — ^ipa-
welwaya.

i-pa'-Tveh-ya, adv. crossing, intersecting : ipa-
wehya wagka, it lies across.

i-pa'--wir)-ta, v. a. to rub on, — iwapawii)ta, iya-
pawiijta, uqkipawiqtapi.

i-pa'-zi-ca, adv. longer than the rest ; said of a tall
tree, or any thing relatively long.

i-pa'-zlQ, V. n. to be prevented by something
from proceeding ; to come to a stand, not to be
able to go on, — imapaiii) : mde ipaiiq inaiig, he
has come to a stand at a lake.

i-pa'-zir)-yai), adv. prevented by.

i-pa'-zi-pa, v. a. to stick in, to prick with, —
iwapazipa.

i-pa'-zi-pe, n. (i and paiipa) something that
pricks, a pricker.

i-pe'-ga, V. n. to boil, as water. See ipiga, which
is more commonly used.

i'-pi, adj. full, satisfied ; full of, satisfied vnth, —
imapi, inipi, iuijpipi, iwicapi. See wipi.

i-pi'-da, V. a. to deny to, refuse to give to, with-
hold from, — ipiwada, ipiuijdapi, ipimada, ipicida :
takudaq ipiui)dapi ^ni, he withholds from us no-
thing, or we refuse to give him nothing.

i-pi'-ga, V. n. to boil, as water, to foam.

i-pi'-ga, n. the foam of boiling water.

i-pi'-hdag, cont. of ipihdaka.

i-pi'-hdag-ki-tor), v. a. to put on one's girdle,
gird oneself, — ipihdagwetoij.

i-pi'-hdag-toi), v. a. to put on a girdle ; girded,
— ipihdagwator), ipihdagui)toi)pi.

i-pi'-hda-ka, v. pos. of ipiyaka ; to put on one's
own girdle, — ipiwahdaka, ipiuijhdakapi.

l-pi'-hda-ke, n. a girdle. See ipiyake.

i-pih', cont. of ipiga.

i-pih'-ya, v. a. to cause to boil, — ipihwaya, ipih-
ui)yai)pi.

i-pih'-ya, adv. boiling : ipihya hag, to stand boil-
ing.

i-pir)'-ta, v. n. to be defective in some part, too
short or too little, not as is usual. Said of one
who is without a nose, or of a coat without
skirts, — imapiijta, inipiijta. See also iputaq and
ipustaka.

i'-pi-ya, v. a. to make full, to fill, — ipiwaya.

i-pi'-yag, cont. of ipiyaka.

i-pi'-yag-ki-ei-tor), v. a. to put on a girdle for
one, to gird one, — ipiyagwecitoi).

i-pi'-yag-kl-toi), v. a.pos. to put on one's own
girdle ; to be girded, — ipiyagweto^.

IPI

92

ISA

l-pi'-yag-tor), v. a. to gird, put on a girdle ; to

be girded, — ipiyagwatoi), ipiyaguijtoijpi.
i-pi'-ya-ka, v. a. to gird oneself, put on a girdle,

— ipimdaka, ipidaka, ipiui)yakapi.
l-pi'-ya-ke, n. a girdle, sash.
i-pi'-ye, «. something to repair with.
i-po', n. a swelling. See iwic'apo.
i-po'-gai), V. n. to blow, as the wind ; to breathe

out, exhale, — iwapogai).
1-poft', cont. of ipoga;i : ipoB. iyeya, to blow on, blow

in, blow away, — ipol iyewaya.
i-poB.'-ya, v. a. to cause to blow, — ipoliwaya.
i-pofi-'-ya, adv. blowing.
i-psi'-ca, V. n. to jump down from, as from a

horse; to jump, jump over, — iwapsida, iyapsic'a,

uijkipsicapi.
i-psin', cont. of ipsica : ipsin iyaya.
i-psi'-psi-ea, v. red. of ipsida ; to hop, as a grass-
hopper.
i-psi'-psi-ca-dai), v. n. dim. of ipsipsic'a ; to hop,

as do the psipsicadai).
i-pte'-ga, n. the end of a lake where grass grows.
i-pte'-ga, V. n. iptega yaqka, to be sad about any

thing.
i-pte'-ga-ka, v. n. to be sad aJbout any thing ;

i. q. icaijte^ica, — imaptegaka.
i'-pu-sdi, V. n. to be close to, to press upon, to

touch any thing, as the nose presses on the face ;

to press upon, weigh down, as sorrow, — imapusdi,

inipusdi.
i'-pu-sdi-ya, v. a. to cause to press on, — ipusdi-

waya.
i'-pu-sdi-ya, adv. touching. Hence, makipusdiya,

on the ground.
i'-pu-ski-ea, v. n. to be close to, to touch, press

on, — imapuskida.
i'-pu-ski-ee-dar), adv. pressed, close together.
i'-pu-skin, cont. of ipuskica ; close together : ipu-

skin iyotaqkapi, they sit close together.
i'-pu-skin-ya, v. a. to cause to press on, — ipu-

skinwaya.
i'-pu-skin-ya, adv. pressed together.
i'-pu-ski-skin, cont. ipuskiskin iyeya, to shove up

close together.
i-pu'-spa, V. a. to stick on, — iwapuspa.
i-pu'-spe, n. any thing that sticks to, a seal, wafer.
i-pu'-stag, cont. of ipustaka : makipustag ehpei-

^iya, to throw oneself flat on the ground.
i-pu'-sta-ka, v. n. to be flat, wanting, defective ;

one who has no nose is ipustaka, — imapustaka.
i-pu'-star), adv. ipustai) yuza, to clap up against,

as a coal of fire : peta ipustaqpi se emadeda, it

seems as if I was held up to the fire.
l-pus'-il), n. the outside of a bend.
i-pu'-tag, cont. of iputaka.

i-pu'-ta-ka, v. a. to touch, to kiss — iwaputaka,
imaputaka. See iiputaka.

i-pu'-tai), V. n. to be defective, wanting, fiat,
lower or shorter than usual, — imaputai). See
ipiijta.

i'-pu-za, V. n. (i and puza) to have the mouth
dry, to be thirsty, — imapuza, inipuza, iuijpuzapi.

i'-pu-za-ta, v. n. to die or be dying of thirst ;
to be very thirsty, suffer from thirst, — ipuza-
mata.

i-pu'-zi-ta, V. a. to give when it is not wanted,
to force upon one, — iwapuiita.

i-po', n. steam.

i-po'-za, V. See ipozeda.

i-po'-ze-ca, v. n. to be out of humor about any
thing, — imapozeca.

i-sa'-kim, adv. both together, with. See sakim.

i-sa'-kim-tu, adv. both together.

i-sar)', n. a knife, knives.

I-sar)'-a-ti, n. (isaij and ati) Isanties, or Esanties,
the name which is applied to the Dakotas of the
Mississippi and Minnesota by those living on the
Missouri. Why this name has been given to
them by their brethren is still a matter of conjec-
ture ; perhaps, because they pitched their tents
formerly at Isaijtamde, or Knife Lake, one of
those which go under the denomination of Mille
Lacs ; or, perhaps, it was given to them because
they lived nearer the Isai)tai)ka, or Big-knives,
i. e. the Americans.

i-sar)'-na, n. dim. a little knife.

i-sar)'-0-zu-ha, n. (isai) and ozuha) a knife-case,
knife-sheath.

i'-sar)-pa, adv. beyond that place or time ; more
than.

i-sarj'-pa-mi-ma, n. round-pointed knives, table-
knives.

i'-sai)-pa-tai)-hai), adv. from beyond that.

i-sar)'-pe-sto-dai), n. sharp-pointed knives.

i-saij'-sko-pa, n. a crooked knife, i. e. a sickle.

I-sag'-ta-mde, n. Knife Lake. The name of a
lake to the east of the Mississippi river.

I-sar)'-tai)-ka, n. (isai) and taijka.) The name by
which the Dakotas designate the people of the
United States. It is said to have been given
them because the first Americans who came
among the Dakotaa were oflBcers with swords.

i-sar)'-yai), v. a. to communicate the whiting from
one's robe to another by rubbing against ; to have
for or use as a knife, — isai^waya.

I-sar)'-ya-ti, n. See Isai) ati.

i-sa'-pa, v. n. to be blackened by any thing, — ima-
sapa : taku inisapa he, what has blackened you '^

l-sa'-pa, n. the name of a stone used for blacking,
prob. iron ore.

ISB

93

1ST

i-sbu', n. small stones.

i-sbu'-dai), n. dim. of isbu ; gravel.

i-sda'-ye, n. ointment ; i. q. taku oi) sdayapi.

i-sdo'-ea, v. See isdonya.

i-sdon'-ya, v. a. to know hy means of, — isdon-

waya, isdonyaya, isdonui)yai)pi.
i'-sir)-yar), adv. out of sight, behind something,

concealed : isiijyar) iyaya, he has gone out of

sight.
i'-skvL-y Si, adj. sweet-mouthed, flattering ; mouth

watering for, — imaskuya.
i'-sku-ya, n. a flatterer.
i'-sku-ya-hda, v. n. to have one's mouth water

for any thing, as for different kinds of food, — isku-

yawahda.
i'-sku-ye-ya, v. a. to make one's mouth water

fort — iskuyewaya, iskuyeuqyaijpi, iskuyemaya;).
i-sto', n. the arm of a person ; the fore-leg of an

animal.
i-sto'-ka-tir)-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to stretch out

the arm, — istokatir)wakiya.
i-Sto'-O-hi-ya, adv. within arm's reach.
i-sto'-pa-ksax), n. the hend of the arm.
i-sto'-pa-ksi-za, v. to hend up the arm, — istowa-

paksiia.
i-sto'-yu-kar), v. to have arms, — istomayukaq.
i-Sto'-yu-ksi-za, v. to lend up the arm, — isto-

mduksiza.
is, pron. he, she, it : is iye, he himself.
i-sa'-hdo-gar), adj. the eighth.
i-sa'-hdo-hdo-gap, adj. red. every eighth one.
i-sa'-kdo-gai), adj. (Iharik.) the eighth.
i-sa'-ko-'wir), adj. the seventh.
i-sa'-ko-'wir)-'wii), adj. red. every seventh one.
i-sa'-kpe, adj. the sixth.
i-sa'-kpe-kpe, adj. red. every sixth one.
i-si'-ca, V. See iiin.
i-si'-hda, v. of sihda ; to he angry ahout, — i^in-

wahda.
i-si'-Mi^, V. n. to be enfeebled hy, — ima^Lhtii).
i-sin', cont. of i^ica ; iiinwacir), to covet, desire

more, — isinwacaijmi, isimvacai)ni.
i-si'-tki-hda, v. n. to he angry on account of; to

he sad ahout, be afflicted for, — iraasitkihda.
i-si'-tki-hda-ya, v. a. to make angry by ; to

torment, afflict for, — i^itkihdawaya.
i-ska', n. the ankle or tarsus, — miiska. See

iskahu.
i-ska'-hu, n. the ankle-hones or tarsus. Hence

haqpi^kahu, moccasin-tops.
i-ska'-hu-toi), v. a. to put tops on moccasins, —

iskahuwatoi).
i-ska'-kar), n. the large tendon extending from the

heel up the leg ; the large tendon in the hack of

thi n««k.

i-skar)', cont. of i^kata ; peti^kag, to come near

the fire, draw up to the fire, to warm oneself, —

petima^ka^.
i-ska'-ta, v. a. to play to or for anything, — iwa-

^kata, iyaskata, uijki^katapi.
i-sM'-zu-pi, n. jish-hooks. See hiij^kizupi.
i-sko'-na-gi, n. the small black bony substance on

the inside of a horse's fore-leg, just above the

knee, the web.
is-na'-ka, pron. he alone, — miinaka.
is-na'-na, pron. alone, he alone, she alone, — mi4-

nana, nifeana ; ugki^naripidai), we alone.
is-na'-sna-na, pron. red. of i^nana.
i-sna'-ti, v. n. to dwell alone or in a separate

house ; to have the menses. This last, at present,

appears to be the only meaning of the word ; it is

so used because, at such times, the Dakota women

are not permitted to stay in the house with others,

but put up a little one for themselves outside.
i-sna'-ti-pi, n. dwelling alone ; the menses.
i-snl'-ka-es, adv. within a little, nearly : i^ni-

kaes nikte sni, it came near killing thee.
i'-BO-kso-ka-pi-dai), n. thick-lips, a nickname

for the Ojibwas.
i-s'o'-s'o, adj. scampering, not easily restrained, —

ima^'os'o, ini^'os'o.
i-spa', n. the lower part of the arm, — miiipa.
i-spa'-hu, n. the hones in the lower part of the

arm, the radius and ulna.
l-spa'-se, n. the point of the elhow.
i'-spa-spa, v. n. to move the lips, as some per-
sons do when reading to themselves : i^pa^pa

mai)ka, / am moving my lips.
i-sta', n. the eye, eyes, — mii^ta, nii^ta, uriki^tapi.
i-sta'-gor)-ga, v. n. to be blind ; not to be able to

see well, — i^tamagoriga.
i-sta'-gor)-ge, n. a blind person.
i-sta'-gor)-ge-ya, v. a. to make blind, to blind,

— istagoijgewaya, istagoi)geui)yai)pi.
l-sta'-hda-kpa, v. pos. of i^takakpa ; to put out

one's own eye, — istawahdakpa.
i-sta'-Bie, n. (ista and he) the ridge above the

eyes.
i-sta'-fi.e-hir), n. the eye-brows.
i-sta'-fie-pe or istab.epir), n. the eye-lashes.
i-sta'-he-pe-hii), n. the eye-lids.
i-sta'-i-yo-hi-ya, adv. as far as the eye can

reach.
i-sta'-ka-kpa, v. a. to strike and put out an eye,

— istawakakpa.
i-sta'-ka-kpai), v. to wink the eye, — i^tawaka-

kpai), istaur)kakpai)pi.
i-sta'-ka-kpar)-kp£ii), v. red. of istakakpai).
i-8ta'-ka-kpar)-pi-se, adv. in the twinkling of

•n «yi.

1ST

94

IT A

i-sta'-kpe, v. n. to he blind, having the eye put

out, — istamatpe.
i-sta'-kpe-ya, v. a. to make blind, — i^takpewaya.
i-Sta'-ksir), v. n. to be squint-eyed or cross-eyed,

— istamaksii). See i^tokiii).
i-sta'-ksir)-ka, n. a squint-eyed person.
i-sta'-ksii)-ksir), v. n. red. of iitaksig.
i-sta'-mdes, cont. of iitamdeza.
i-sta'-mdes-ya, v. a. to make clear-sighted, —

istamdeswaya.
i-sta'-mde-za, v. n. to be clear-sighted, — istama-

mdeza.
i-sta'-mi-ni-ga-ga, adv. in tears, with tears trick-
ling down : istaminigaga ia, to speak with the tears

dropping down.
i-sta'-mi-ni-haij-pe, n. tears : i^taminihaijpe

au, to cry, — istaminihaqpe amau.
i-sta'-mi-ni-o-sdo-ka, adv. with water standing

in the eyes.
i-sta'-o-hi-ya, adv. a^ far as the eye can reach.
i-sta'-o-zu-ha, n. the eye-lids. See istozuha.
i-sta'-tpe, V. n. Same as i^takpe.
i-sta'-'Nvi-ea-ya-zag-'wi, n. the moon in which

sore eyes prevail ; a moon answering generally to

the month of March.
i-ste'-ea, v. n. to be ashamed, ashamed of ; to be

bashful, — imasteca, inisteca, uqkistecapi. See

wisteca.
i-sten', cont. of iiteda.

i-sten'-ki-ya, v. a. to make one ashamed, to disap-
point one, — istenwakiya, istenur)kiyapi, istenma-

kiya.
i-sten'-ya, v. a. to make ashamed, dishonor, —

istenwaya, i^tenuijyaijpi, i^tenmayaya.
i-sti', n. the under lip.
i-sti'-ha, n. the skin of the under lip.
i-sti'-ma, v. See i^tirima.
i-stir)'-l3e, v. n. Same as istiijma.
i-stir)'-nia, v. n. to sleep, — mi^tiijbe, ni^tiqbe, uq-

kistiqmapi. Hence, oi^tigma, sleep.
i-sto'-hdi-Avari-zi-daQ, n. a fixed look, a gaze.
i-sto'-hmus, cont. of i^tohmuza : istohmus magka,

/ keep my eyes shut.
i-sto'-hmus-ya, v. a. to cause to shut the eyes,

— istolimuswaya.
i-sto'-hmus-ya, adv. having the eyes shut.
i-sto'-hmu-za, v. n. to shut the eyes, — i^towa-

hmuza.
i-sto'-ksir), v. n. to partly close the eyes, to look

askance, — istowak^ii).
i-Sto'-ksir)-ki-ya, v. a. to look askance at, look at

with the eyes partly shut, — istoksir) wakiya, isto-

ksirimakiya.
i-sto'-sni-za, v. n. to have the eyes blinded or

dazzled by the light, — iitomaimi&.

i-sto'-snis-ya, v. a. to dazzle the eyes, as light,

— istosnismayai) .
i-sto'-snu-za, v. n. Same as \iioin\ia,.
i-sto'-zu-ha, n. the eye-lids.
i-sun', V. i^un iyeya, to do more than was requisite,

to overdo.
i-Bu'-ta, V. a. to fail of accomplishing, be unable

to do a thing, — i4uwata.
i-su'-te, adv. at random, as it happens : i^ute

otaka, very much, i. q. stedapi.
i-su'-te-ka, adv. Same as isute.
i-su'-te-ya, v. a. to cause to fail of, — Uutewaya,

isutemayai).
i-ta'-hda-hbe, adv. with the wind.
i'-ta-hda-hbe, adv. with the wind. The word is

accented in this way when used with a noun ; as,

paha itahdahbe uijyaijpi, we go to the leeward of

the hill.
i-ta'-hda-Bibe-ki-ya, adv. with the wind.
i-ta'-h.da-b.be-ya, adv. with the wind.
i'-ta-he-na, adv. (Ihaijk.) on this side of.
i-ta'-he-na, adv. (Ihank.) on this side of.
i-ta'-he-na-tar)-hai), adv. (Ihank.) on this side

i-ta'-he-pi, adv. by the way, between places.

i-ta'-hnag, v. cont. of itahnaka.

i-ta'-hnag-ya, adv. placed one on top of ano-
ther.

i-ta'-hna-ka, v. a. to place one on top of ano-
ther,— itawahnaka. , . j^

i-ta'-hna-ka, adv. placed one on another.

i-ta'-ka-ba, n. the instep. Hence, siitakaha, the
top of the foot, instep.

i-ta'-ka-hpe, n. See iteakahpe.

i-ta'-ka-sam, adv. over the river from, opposite
to.

i-ta'-ka-sar)-pa, adv. over against, across the river
or lake from, any place.

i-ta'-ka-sar)-pa-tar)-har), adv. on the other side
from.

i-ta'-ke, n. the instep ; the top or piece put in the
instep of a moccasin. See ha;)pitake and haijpai-
take.

i'-ta-ki-hna, adv. one over another, in layers.

i'-ta-ki-hna, n. something worn over another
garment, a vest.

i-ta'-ku-ni-sni, v. n. to com£ to naught.

i'-tam, adv. soon after : itam yaqkeya, to be
after.

i-tar)', adv. of tai) ; on the side : itai) anog, on
both sides. From this we have mitaqtajghag, at
my side ; mitaqkiyedai), near me, etc.

i-tai)', v. n. to be vain, proud of, to glory in, — ima-
tag, initai), uqkitaijpi. Hence, iwidatai), vain-
glorying.

ifA

i-tar)'-a-no-ka-tar)-hai), adv. on both sides of.
i-tai)'-cai), n. a chief, ruler, head one ; a lord,
master; the principal ihiag, — imataqcao, initag-

i-tar)'-6ai)-ka, n. chief one, lord, master.

i-tar)'-car)-ki-ya, v. a. to have for or acknow-
ledge as chief or master ; to make lord or chief,
— itaijc'aijwakiya, itaqcaqmakiya.

l-tai)'-ear)-ki-ya, adv. in a lordly manner, with
authority.

i-tar)'-car)-ya, «. a. to have for chief or master,
— itar)c'ar)waya, itaqdaijuijyaijpi.

i-tar)'-ear)-yar), adv. with authority, chief-like.

i-tar)'-i-hdu-ksai), adv. round about one.

i-tag'-kan, adv. without, outside of.

i-tar)'-ki-ye-dar), adv. near to one, — mitaijkiye-
dai).

i-tar)'-pi, n. pride, vain-glorying.

i-tarj'-tai), v. red. of itari.

i-tar)'-tai)-pi, ». pride, glorying, arrogance. See
witaqtaiipi.

i -tag-'wai)-kar)-hde, adv. up hill, ascending :
itai)wai)kai)hde ya, to go up hill.

i'-tai)-"war)-kar)-hde-ya, adv. ascending.

i-tarj'-yax), v. n. to grow by reason of, as by eat-
ing meat, — itaijwaya.

i-tag'-ye-sni, v. n. to receive no benefit from, to
be of no use, — imataqyesni.

i-ta'-to, adv. on this side of, this side of; used
in reference to time, since.

i-ta'-to-ki-ya, adv. on this side of.

i-ta'-to-tar)-har), adv. on this side of, from this
side of.

i-ta'-to-'wam, adv. to the windward of, on this
side of.

i-ta'-to-'wa-pa, adv. on this side of, to the wind-
ward of.

i-ta'-to-"wa-pa-tar)-har), adv. on this side of.

i'-ta-'warj-kaQ-hde, adv. See itaqwaijkaijhde.

i-ta'-zi-pa, n. a bow to slioot with : mitinazipe,
my bow ; nitinazipe, thy bow ; tinazipe, his bow.

i-ta'-zi-pa-i-kar), n. a bow-string.

i-te', V. n. to be made blue or bluish by, be made
grape-colored, — imate.

i-te', n. the face, — miite, niite.

i-t'e', n. the forehead.

i-te'-a-ka-hpe, n. a cover for the face, veil.

i-te'-a-nog or iteanokataqhar), adv. on both
sides of the face.
. i-t'e'-6a, adj. slightly warm, lukewarm, tepid.
Said of fluids only : mini it'eca, lukewarm water.

I'-te-har), adv. far from.

i'-te-har)-hai), adv. red. of itehai).

i'-te-har)-har)-yar), adv. red. of itehaijyaq,

i'-te-har)-tar)-har), adv. far away from.

w

%

•i

i'-te-har)-yai), a4v. far away from. ' ' \ /
i-te'-hde-ge-dar), n. striped-face, a name for

the racoon, i. q. wica.
i-te'-hna-ka-pi, n. See itohnakapi.
i-t'e '-hu, n. the frontal bone.
i-te'-M, V. n. to be difficult to get along with, —

imatelii.
i-t'en'-ya, v. a. to make slightly warm or tepid,

as water, — it'enuqyanpi.
i-te'-sin-ki-ya, V. to frown; to grin, — itesinwa-

kiya, itesinui)kiyapi.
i-te'-sir)-sii), n. a wrinkled-face, — itemaMi)si)3.
i-te'-yu-sir)-ki-ya, v. a. to draw up the face at

one ; to grin ; to frown, — iteyusii)wakiya.
i-ti'-ca-g£i, v. to set up a tent for a certain pur-
pose,— itiwakaga.
i-ti'-ear)-nan, adv. away out on the prairie from,

away from a house. Tindaijnan is also used.
i-ti'-ma-ta, v. to beg for : he itimata wahi, /

have come to beg for that.
i-tka', n. a blossom, capsule ; an egg ; the seed

of any thing ; the testicles, i. q. susu.
i-tka'-ska, n. the white of an egg.
i-tka'-zi-ce, n. the yolk of an egg.
i'-tko-kim, cont. of itkokipa ; meeting ; in pre-
sence of, before, — mitkokim ; itkokim ya, to go to

meet.
i'-tko-ki-pa, v. a. to meet, come together from

opposite directions, — itkowakipa, itkouijkipapi.
i-tko'-kpa, V. n. to be still-bom, — itkomakpa.

See also itkotpa.
i-tkom', adv. again, back again, in return, in

reply.
i-tkom'-ya, adv. in return.
i-tkoi)', V. n. to burn, blaze, as fire : peta itkoi),

the fire blazes.
i-tkor)'-ya, v. a. to make bum or blaze, — itkoij-

waya.
i-tkoi)'-ya-har), part, burning, alive, as coals.
i-tkori'-za, adv. even with. See itkuijza.
i-tko'-pa-tar)-har), adv. in reply, back again.

See iyeitkopatar)hai).
i-tko'-tpa, V. n. to be still-born : taku itkotpe dig,

an untimely birth, an abortion.
i-tko'-tpe-ya, v. a. to cause to abort or be aborted,

— itkotpewaya.
i-tkui)', V. n. to burn, blaze. See itkog.
i-tkugs', cont. of itkuijza.
i-tkur)s'-ya, adv. even with.
i-tkur)'-za, adv. even with. See itkogza.
i-to', adv. come, well : ito mde kta, well, I will

go ; ito edoi) wo, come do it.
i-to', V. n. -"to become blue by means of.
i-tog', cont. of itoka. Obsolete.

►g'-e-har), adv. at the first, formerly.

ITO

96

ITP

i'-to-han, adv. how far from ? how long from ?
i'-to-han-han, adv. red. of itohan.
i'-to-har)-yar), adv. how far from ?
i-to'-he-ya, adv. towards : hekta itoheya, back-
wards.
i'-to-hna-ka-pi, n. brooches, such as are worn

by the men on their hair and hy the women on

their gowns.
i-to'-hna-ke, n. the face, countenance, visage,

appearance, presence, — mitohnake.
i-to'-ho-mnl, adj. dizzy, light-headed ; drunk, —

itomahomni, itonihomni.
i-to'-ho-mni-ya, v. a. to make dizzy or drunk, —

itohomniwaya, itohomniugyaijpi.
i-to'-i-yo-hi, adj. each one. See otoiyohi.
i-to'-ka-ga, n. the south.
i-to'-ka-ga, adv. southward.
i-to'-ka-ga-tar)-har), adv. to the south of, on the

south side of, from the south.
i-to'-kaJi, cont. of itokaga ; southward : itokah

mda, / am going south.
i-to'-kafi-ki-ya, adv. towards the south.
i-to'-kali-"wa-pa, adv. towards the south.
i'-to-kam, adv. before, used either in reference to

place or time, in presence of, — mitokam, nitokam,

wicitokam.
i'-to-kam-tu, adv. before.
i'-to-kam-tu-ken, adv. before, prior to.
i'-to-kam-tu-ya, adv. before.
i-to'-ka-pa, v. n. to be before one in birth, be

older than, — mitokapa, he is older than I.
i-to'-ka-pa-tar)-har), adv. before, from before,

from the presence of, — mitokapatai)hafl.
i'-to-ka-tam, adv. before the time of a certain

event.
i-to'-ke-ea, v. n. to be altered, changed ; to be

affected by in any way, — imatokeca, initokeca.
i-to'-ke-ea-sni, v. etaijhai) itokecasni, it is none

of his business, or it makes no difference to him, —

imatokecaini.
i'-to-ki, adv. where from? which way from ?
i-to'-ki-kta, adv. face to face, facing each other.
i'-to-ki-ya, adv. which way from?
i'-to-ki-ya-ka, adv. which way from ?
i'-to-ki-ya-pa, adv. which way from?
i'-to-ki-ya-pa-tarj-har), adv. which way from ?
i'-to-ki-ya-tar)-har), adv. in what direction

from ?
i-to'-kto, adv. See itoto.
i-to'-ke-har), adv. formerly, of old.
i-tom'-tom, adj. cont. of itomtopa.
i-tom'-to-pa, adj. red. of itopa ; every fourth

one.
i'-to-na, adv. of how many ? which number ?
i'-to-na-ka, adv. of how many ?

i'-to-na-ke-ea, adv. of what number ?
i'-to-na-na, adv. of a few : de itonana en yaqka,

this is one of a very few.
i-toi)', V. n. to tell the truth. Not in use. See

itoijsni.
i-tor)'-ka, and i-tor)'-ka-e, v. n. to lie, tell a

falsehood / i. q. itoi)sni.
i-tor)'-kain, adv. See itu^kam.
i-tor)'-ki-pa, v. pos. of itoqpa ; to value, guard,

take care of one's own, — itoijwakipa, itoijuijki-

papi ; itoi)i(Jipa, to take care of oneself, — itoijmi-

^ipa; itoi)i^ipe8niyai), not taking care of oneself,

neglectful of oneself.
i-tog'-ki-pe-ya, adv. carefully, guardedly.
i-tor)'-pa, V. a. to guard, take care of ; to refrain

from, beware of, — itoqwapa, itoquijpapi, itoijcipa,

itoijmapa.
i-tori'-pa, adj. careful, prudent.
i-toi)'-pe-ya, adv. carefully, prudently.
i-tor)'-pe-ya-hai), adv. carefully.
i-tor)'-pi-sni, n. untruth, lies. See itoqsni.
i-tor)'-sni, v. n. to tell an untruth, to lie, — iwa-

toi)sni, iyatoijsni, ui)kitor)pisni. Hence, oitoij^ni,

a lie ; oimayatogtei, thou liest about me.
i-toi)'-sni-sni, v. red. of itoij^ni ; i. q. itoflini wa-

nic'a.
i-tori'-sni-yar), adv. falsely.
i-tOQ'-'war), v. n. to look or see with, as with one's

eyes, — iwatoijwai), iyatoi)wa5.
i-to'-O-pta, adv. through, by, as itoopta ya, to go

on past ; from one to another, as itoopta wica^u,

he passes it on to others.
i-to'-o-pta-i-ya-ya-pi, n. a purge. See iyoo-

ptaiyayapi.
i-to'-O-pte-ya, adv. through, straight through,

passing on.
i-to'-pa, adj. the fourth, — imatopa ; in ot of the

fourth, as itopa en zaptag, or itopa zapta;), five in

the fourth ten, i. e. thirty-five.
i-top'-tom, adj. red. See itomtom.
i-top'-to-pa, adj. red. of itopa.
i-to'-to, V. n. red. of ito ; to be made blue by.
i-to'-to, adv. turn about, alternately : uijma itoto

ecoijkupi kta, we will do it alternately.
i-to'-'wi-ea-ho-mni, n. a turning round, swim-
ming, as of the head ; drunkenness ; something

turns round, as a wheel.
i'-to-ye, n. the face, appearance, — mitoye, nitoye.
i'-to-ye-ki-tor), v. pos. to wear braids of hair or

ornaments in front, — itoyewetoi).
i'-to-ye-toi), v. n. to have braids or ornaments

dangling about one's face ; to wear any thing that

makes one look frightful, — itoyewatoij.
i-tpa'-hdo-ka, v. reflex, of pahdoka ; to break up

through, as a muskrat under ice.

ITP

97

IWA

i-tpa'-ta-ka, v. pos. of ipataka ; to brace one's
own.

i-tpi', 11. the belly, abdomen ; the chest. See
ikpi.

i-tpi '-hna-ka, v. a. to put in or around the abdo-
men,— itpiwahnaka. See ikpihnaka.

i-tpu'-ta-ka, v. pos. of iputaka ; to kiss one^s
oivn, — iwatputaka. See iitputaka.

i-tpu'-tpa, adv. mixed up.

i-tu', adv. wildly, without being planted or tamed,
as, itu ic'aga, it has grown up of itself ; for no-
thing, as, itu ecamoi), I have done it for naught.

i-tuh.', adv. for nothing, gratuitously, without
cause.

i-tu'-h.ai), v. a. to give, bestow ; to give for nothing,
give away, as the Dakotas often do, — ituwataij,
ituuqhaijpi.

i-tu'-hai), adv. gratuitously, without reward.

i-tu '-Mr), ac?t;. for nothing, gratuitously ; without
cause, falsely.
■tu'-ka, V. a. to beg, ask one for, — iwatuka, iya-
tiika, uijkitukapi, imatuka, icituka.
■tu'-ka-es, adv. truly, indeed.
■tu'-ka-ga, V. a. to make up a lie on, tell a false-
hood about one ; to do for nothing, — ituwakaga,
ituuijkagapi, itumakaga.
•tu'-kaR, cont. of itukaga.
■tu'-kas, adv. truly, at any rate.
■tu'-ka-sta, adv. for nothing.
■tu'-ki-har), v. a. of ituliai) ; to make a present
of to ; to give to one, as the Dakotas do when
they expect to be praised for it, — ituwakihai), itu-
ui)kihai)pi, itumakihar), itucicihai).

i-tug'-kam, adv. on the back : itugkam waqka,
he lies on his back ; itupkam ihpaya, to fall back-
wards.

i-turi'-kam-tu, adv. on the back.

i-tu'-o-eo-ka, adv. in the middle, between.

i-tu'-O-CO-ka-ya, adv. between, in the middle.

i-tu'-o-ki-ta-he-dai), adv. in the middle, between.

i-tu'-sdi, adj. abundant.

i-tu'-sdi-ya, adv. abundantly.

i-tu'-tu, adv. red. of itu.

i-tu'-tu-ya, adv. red. of ituya.

i-tu'-iu), V. to be in a wild state. Hence, ituuijpi,
wild beasts.

i-tu'-"WO-ta-he-dar), adv. far from any dwell-
ing.

i-tu'-ya, adv. for nothing, without cause, gra-
tuitously.

i-tu'-ya-ken, adv. causelessly, gratuitously.

i-tir)s', cont. of itiijza.

i-tir)s'-ya, v. a. to make firm by means of, — itiqs-
waya.

i-tir)'-za, v. n. to be firlftl by reason of.
1«

1-

i-tii)'-ze, n. (i and tii)za) a slrenglhener, a tight-
ener.

i-tur)'-ke-ea, v. «. to be suspected of, — imatuq-
keca.

i-u'-m.a-na-pci-"war)-ka, adj. See iuqmanapdiii-
warika.

i-ug', V. a. to rub on, as ointment or soap, — iwaui),
ur)kiur)pi.

i-ui)'-ma-na-peir)-"wai)-ka, adj. the nineteenth.

i-urj'-toi), V. a. to put grease or brains on a skin,
in order to dress it, — iuijwatoi).

i-ur)'-tor)-pi, part. greased, prepared for dress-
ing.

i'-"wa-6ir), v. to think of going to, — iwacaijnri.

i-'Wa'-eir)-ko, v. n. to be impatient about, be out
of humor on account of, — iwac'ii)mako, iwa«?ii]-
niko, iwacigurikopi.

i-"wa'-cir)-tor), v. to be intelligent by reason of, —
iwaciijwatoi).

i-'wa'-oiQ-yai), v. a. to trust in for or in refer-
ence to,^wacii)waya, iwac'iijuijyaijpi.

i-"wa'-eir)-yai), adv. trustingly.

i-"wa'-eir)-za-ta, v. n. to be undecided about any
thing, — i wac'ii) mazata.

i-'wa'-hna, adv. slowly. See iwahnana.

i-'wa'-hna-na, adv. slowly, by short stages ;
carefully.

i-'wa'-ho-koi)-ki-ya, v. a. to instruct in regard
to, to counsel or advise concerning, — iwahokoi)-
wakiya, iwahokoi)ui)kiyapi, iwahokoijmakiya ;
wic'oni owihaijke wanica iwahokoijcic'iya, / coun-
sel thee in regard to eternal life.

i-'wa'-ho-kor)-ki-ya-pi, n. instruction, counsel.

i-"wa'-ho-ya, v. a. to send word to concerning
any thing; to promise ; to grant, give by pro-
mise ; to permit, — iwahowaya, iwahouqyaijpi,
iwahomayai). ~-

i-'wa'-taij-i-ei-da, v. reflex, to be proud of —
iwahai)mi^ida.

i'-vra-Me-da, v. See iwahtedasni.

i'-'wa-Me-da-ka and ivrahtedakae, v. a. to
dislike on account of something, — iwahtewa-
dakae.

i'-wa-hte-da-sni, v. a. to dislike on account of
something, to dislike something in one ; to dis-
esteem, think lightly of for something, — iwahte-
wada^ni, iwahteuijdapi^ni.

i--wa'-i-ei-ni-yar), v. reflex, of iwakiniya ; to be
dissatisfied with oneself

i'--wa-kar), adj. talkative, tattling, gabbling.

i'--vwa-kar), n. a babbler.

i'-vra-kar)-yar), adv. in a babbling manner.

i-"wa'-kar)-yar), adv. supematurally.

i-vra'-ki-ei, v. n. to dance the scalp-dance, — iwa-
wakidi, iwayakidi, iwaiirikioipi.

IWA

98

IWA

i-'wa'-kl-ei-pi, n. the scalp-dance. This dance
follows the bringing home of the scalps of their
enemies. A circle is formed, on one side of which
stand the young men with their bodies painted,
with their feathers in their heads, and their
drums, rattles, and other instruments of music, in
their hands ; while, on the other side, stand the
young women in their best attire, carrying the
scalp or scalps stretched on a hoop. The war-
song commences, and the women dance around,
sometimes advancing towards the men, who are
stationary, and then again retreating, and re-
sponding at intervals to the music in a kind of
chorus. If the scalp is taken in the winter, the
dance is kept up, frequently by day and night,
until the leaves grow in the spring. If it is
taken in the summer, they dance and rejoice
ov^r it until the leaves fall off, when it is buried.

i-'wa'-ki-eor)-za, v. a. to influence one, command
one in regard to, — iwawedoijza.

i-'wa'-ki-cor)-ze, n. a commandment, decree.

l-'wa'-ki-ni-ya, v. a. to get out of humor with,
to neglect, — iwawakiniya, iwayakiniya.

l-vra'-kta, n. a mark, sign, pledge.

l-AWa'-kta, V. n. to be on one's guard, to be on the
look out ; to guard, — iwawakta, iwayakta.

l-AVa'-kta-ya, v. a. to put on one's guard, fore-
warn,— iwaktawaya, iwaktauijya^pi.

l-vra'-kta-ya, adv. guardedly.

i-Tva'-kte-hda, v. n. to go home in triumph
having taken scalps, — iwaktewahda, iwakteuij-
hdapi.

i-'wa'-kte-hdi, v. n. to come home in triumph
bringing scalps, — iwaktewahdi, iwakteuqhdipi.

i-Ava'-na-gi-ye-ya, v. a. to trouble one in regard
to or with. Not much used. See nagiyeya.

l-'wa'-na-pi-star)-yar), v. a. to kill, hurt, or do
injury with, — iwanapistaijwaya. Not much used.
See napistaijyai).

i-"wa'-ni-ti, v. n. to go and spend the winter at
for some purpose, — iwaniwati.

i'-'Wa-ni-ye-tu, n. the succeeding winter, next
lointer.

i-"war)g', cont. of iwaijka ; tahii)ca iwaijg mda, /
atn going to lie out for deer. See awaijg.

i-ViraQ'-ga, v. a. to inquire of one, ask one a
question about, call to account, — imuqga, inuqga,
ui)kiwai)gapi, imawaijga, iciwaqga.

l-vraq'-ga-pi, n. inquiry. See wiwaiigapi.

i-"wai)'-hdag, cont. of iwai)hdaka ; iwa^ihdag
ui)yakoi)pi, we are guarding our own.

i-vraq'-hda-ka, v. pos. of iwagyaka ; to look to
or have regard for one's own, — iwaqwahdaka.

i-'vra.vjh.' , cont. of iwaqga ; he iwai)h wahi, / have
come to inquire about that. ,

i-'war)'-i-9i-hda-ka, v. reflex, to look at oneself;

to guard oneself, — iwaijmi^ihdaka, iwaguijki^i-

hdakapi.
i-"war)'-i-hdag, cont. of iwaijihdaka : iwaijihdag

waui).
i-"war)'-i-hda-ka, v. to look at oneself in a glass;

to watch over, guard oneself, to set a guard, —

iwai)mihdaka, iwaijnihdaka.
i-'Warj'-ka, v. n. to lie down, go and lie down,

go to bed, — imuijka, inu^ka, ui)kiwai)kapi.
i-"war)'-kain, adv. above, — miwaijkam, niwai)-

kam, ui)kiwai)kam, wiciwaijkam.
i-'wai)'-kain-tu, adv. above, up.
l-'wai)'-kain-tu-ya, arfw. up above.
i--war)'-kain-tu-ya-ken, adv. above. Not much

used.
i-"war)'-kar)-pa, adv. above one.
i-vrarj'-kaij-pa-ta, adv. up above, above one.
i-warj'-karj-pa-taij-hai), adv. from above one.
i-'wag'-ki-ei-ya-ka, v. to look to or watch over

for one, — iwai)weciyaka.
i-vraij'-ki-ci-ya-ka-pi, v. pi. they look to or

watch over one another, — iwaijuqkiciyakapi.
i-warj'-yag, cont. of iwa^yaka ; iwagyag wahi.
i-'wag'-ya-ka, v. a. to look to or at ; to survey,

examine ; to spy out, — iwarjmdaka, iwaijdaka,

iwai|ui)yakapi.
i-'waq'-ya-ka-pi, n. spies, surveyors.
i-'war)'-ya-ke, n. something by which to see, the

sight of a gun.
i-"war)'-zi-6a, adv. very much.
i-"wa'-pe-tog, cont. of iwapetokeca.
i-'wa'-pe-tog-toi), v. a. to mark or brand with,

— iwapetogwatoq, iwapetoguijtoijpi.
i-wa'-pe-to-ke-ea, n. a mark, sign.
i-"wa'-s'ag, cont. of iwas'aka.
i--wa'-s'ag-ya, v. a. to strengthen by means of, —

iwas'agwaya.
i-wa'-s'a-ka, v. n. to be strong by reason of or

for, — iwamas'aka, iwaui)s'akapi.
i-'wa'-s'a-ka, n. strength, the source of strength.
i-wa'-se-ea, v. n. to be rich, in provisions espe-
cially,— iwamaseca, iwauijsecapi, iwawicaseca.
i'-"Wa-si-eur), v. n. to be talkative, to talk badly,

— imawasicui), iniwasicu;).
i-"wa'-ste, v. n. to be better by means of, — ima-

waste.
i-'Wa'-ste-dar), adv. slowly, moderately, care-
fully ; but little, not much : iwasteda^ yazai), he

is not very sick.
i-vra'-ste-ka, v. n. to be none the better for : he

taku iniwasteka, thou art none the better for that.
i-"wa'-ste-ya, adv. better.
i-'wa'-ste-ya-ken, adv. a little better. Not

much used, . .

IWA

99

lYA

i--wa'-to-ki-ya-ka-e, v. n. he etaijhaq iwatoki-

yakae, what matter is it to him ? how does it con-
cern him ?
i--wa'-to-ki-ya-pa-ka-e, v. n. Same as iwato-

kiyakae.
i-wa'-to-ki-ya-pa-sni, v. n. it does not concern

one, — iwamatokiyapa^ni.
i-'wa'-to-kl-ya-sni, v. n. to be none of one's busi-
ness : he etaijhai) iwanitokiyasni, it is none of thy

business.
i-'wa'-'wi-ku-'wa, v. a. to do something to make

one angry, to provoke one, — iwawiwakuwa.
i-'wa'-ya-zar), v. n. to be sick in consequence of,

— iwamayazai).
i-vra'-yu-pi-ka, v. n. to be skilful, handy on ac-
count of, or in doing, — iwamdupika ; i. q. iwayu-

pi ki^Jui).
l-'wa'-yu-pi-ya, adv. handily, nicely, well.
i-vra'-zi-ya-pa, adv. to the north of
i--wra'-zi-ya-pa-tar)-hai), adv. to the north of.
i-vra'-zi-ya-ta, adv. at the north of.
i-'wa'-zi-ya-tar)-har), adv. northward of
i-vre', V. n. to bleed by reason of, — imawe.
i'-we, V. n. to bleed at the mouth, — imawe.
i-'We'-ce-ya, v. a. to have regard for, do as one

commands, — iwecewaya, iwec'euoyaqpi ; iweceye-

iSni, to disregard, — iwecemaye^ni.
i'-"we-hl-yu-ya, v. to raise blood, spit blood, —

iwehiyuwaya.
i-'we'-sde-ka, v. n. to do something entitling to

honor, as the killing of an enemy, — iwewa-

Meka.
i-'wl'-ea-hna-yai), n. of hnayaq ; deception.
i-vri'-ea-hu-pi, n. of hu ; sodomy. This is now

a vulgar bye word.
i-Tvi'-ca-po, n. of po ; a swelling, inflation on

account of.
i'-vn-ca-pu-za, n. of ipuza ; thirst.
i-'wi'-ea-ste-ea, n. of isteca ; shame.
i-'wi'-kee-mna, adj. the tenth.
i-vri'-kee-mna-inna, adj. red. of iwikdemna ;

every tenth one ; tithes.
i--wir)'-kta, v. n. to glory in, be proud of, — ima-

wii)kta, iniwiijkta, uqkiwiijktapi.
i-"wir)'-kta-kta, v. red. of iwiijkta.
i--wir)'-kta-pi, n. a glorying in.
i-vriq'-kta-ya, v. a. to cause to glory in, — iwii)-

ktawaya.
i-"Wir)'-kta-ya, adv. glorying, proudly.
i--wi'-stai), v. a. to treat well, as a sick person, —

iwawistai}. See ikiciwistai).
i--wi'-tko, V. n. to be drunk on, — imawitko : taku

iwitko, something that makes drunk, liquor.
i--wi'-tko-tko-ka, v. n. to become foolish by

means of.

l-"wl'-tko-ya, v. a. to make drunk with, — iwitko-

waya.
i'-'wi-yo-hl-yar)-pa-ta, adv. at the east of.
i'-V(n-yo-hi-yai)-pa-tar)-hai), flrfjj. to the east

i-"W"o'-hda-ka, v. pos. of iwoyaka ; to speak in

reference to one^s own, — iwowahdaka.
i-TVo'-hdu-ze, n. the cause of taboo. See wo-

hduze.
i-'wo'-mni-yar), adv. . carefully, attentively : iwo-

mniyafl anagoptai), he listened attentively.
i-"Wo'-nini-yen, adv. not hastily, leisurely, care-
fully : iwomniyen ec'amoi), / did it carefully.
i-'wo'-mni-ye-tu, adv. slowly, carefully.
i--wo'-inni-ye-tu-ken, adv. not in haste.
l-AWo'-ya-ka, v. a. to relate or tell of, to speak in

reference to, — iwomdaka. See woyaka.
1-ya', intj. of surprise, on meeting a friend unex-
pectedly.
I'-ya, n. a fabulous creature worshipped by the

Dakotas.
i-ya'-be, adv. individually, singly, or in little

companies, as the Dakotas go in hunting deer :

iyabe uriyaijpi, we are going separately.
i-ya'-be-ya, adv. singly, separately, scattered, as

in hunting : iyabeya uriyaijpi, we go separately.
i'-ya-be-ya, adv. scattering around, dispersedly :

iyabeya ui)kodepi, scattering ourselves around we

hunted.
i-ya'-ei-ca, adj. rough, ruffled up, said of hair or

feathers.
i-ya'-eir), v. a. to liken to, compare with, — imda-

dii), idacii), uqkiyac'iijpi.
i-ya'-eir)-ken, adv. by way of comparison.
i-ya'-eir)-pi, «. likeness, resemblance.
i-ya'-cir)-yar), adv. like to, in like manner, equal

to ; parabolically, metaphorically.
i-ya'-6ir)-yar(-ken, adv. somewhat like.
i-ya'-eo, v. a. to judge of, judge on account of, to

condemn for, — imdaco, idado.
i-ya'-di, v. a. to climb up on, — iyawadi, iyayadi,

iyauijdipi. Hence, cai) iyadipi, stairs.
i-yag'-toi), V. of iyake ; to put a feather on an

arrow, — iy agwatoq .
i-ya'-ge, n. a bunch, a cluster, as of grapes.
l-ya'-har), v. a. to go and stand on ; to alight

down in or on, as birds in a corn-field or on a

tree, — iyawahaij, ugkiyahaijpi.
i'-ya-hai), v. a. to put the foot on, step on any

thing, — iyawahar) .
i'-ya-hda-psir)-yar), adv. bottom upwards.
i-ya'-hda-psir)-yaQ, v. a. to turn over upon any

thing, — iyahdapsii) waya.
i-ya'-hda-skl-ca, v. n. to lie on, press on, cover,

— iyamahdaskida.

lYA

100

lYA

i-ya'-hda-skin, cont. of iyahdaskica ; iyahdaskin
mayarika, it is pressing on me.

i-ya'-hda-skin-ya, v. a. to cause to press upon,
— iy ahd askin waya.

i-ya'-hda-ska, v. pos. of iyaka^ka ; to tie one's
own to, — iyawahdaika, iyaurihdaskapi.

i-ya'-hde, v. n. to go or come to ; to reach to, ex-
tend to ; to lead to, as a road ; to meet, come upon
one, — iyamahde, iyaui)lidepi. See iyahdeya.

l-ya'-hde-har)-pa, n. (iyalide aiid haijpa) socks.

l-ya'-hde-huQ-ska, n. (iyahde and huijska) socks,
stockings.

i-ya'-hde-tor), v. a. to have on or over, as, iyahde-
toi) ec'oi), he does it on something else ; to knit.

i-ya'-hde-tor)-yajr), adv. on or over, having
someiking under : iyahdetoijyai) kaksa, to cut one
stick off on another.

i-ya'-hde-ya, v. a. to cause to reach to ; to lead
to, bring one to ; to merit, deserve, bring upon
one, — iyahdewaya, iyahdeuijyagpi ; iyahdei^iya,
to bring on oneself, — iyahdemi^iya.

i-ya'-hde-ya, adv. reaching to, even to.

i'-ya-he, n. the hall and heel of the foot.

i-ya'-hna, prep, after, behind, following ; with,
together with : iyahna ya, to go with ; ai)petu
haijyetu iyahna, both day and night.

i-ya'-hna-hna, red. of iyahna.

i'-ya-hna-hna-na, adv. gently, carefully.

l-ya'-hna-ken, adv. in the manner of following.

i-ya' hpa-ya, v. n. to fall upon, to seize, pounce
upon, lay hold of violently, — iyawahpaya and
iyawahpamda, iyayalpada, iyauqhpayapi.

i-ya'-hpe-ki-ei-ei-ya, v. a. to put or throw on
for one, as in putting a load on a horse. See
iyahpekiya.

l-ya'-hpe-ki-ya, v. a. to give or hand to; to
carry around to, as the pipe is taken round on
great occasions and held for each one to smoke ;
to put on or throw over, as in putting on the load
of a horse, — iyalipewakiya, iyahpeuijkiyapi.

l-ya'-hpe-ya, v. a. to carry around to ; to hand
to ; to throw over or on, — iyahpewaya. See iya-
hpekiya.

i-ya'-i-hda-ska, v. reflex, of iyaka^ka; to tie
oneself ; to give oneself up to be bound ; i. q. iya-
i^ihdaska, — iyamihdaska, iyanihdaska.

i'-ya-ka-hpe, n. of akahpa ; a cover or lid for
the mouth of any thing.

i'-ya-kam, adv. beyond, surpassing.

I'-ya-kam-tu, adv. surpassingly.

i'-ya-ka-pa, v. n. to be larger than, to surpass, —
iyamakapa.

i'-ya-ka-pe-ya, v. a. to pass, go beyond ; to over-
come ; to persuade, succeed in persuading, — iya-
kapewaya, iyakapeuijyaqpi, iyakapemayai).

i'-ya-ka-pe-ya, adv. more than, surpassing.
i-ya'-ka-pta, v. a. to climb, as a hill, to reach the

top ; to pass over or beyond, — iyawakapta, iyaui)-

kaptapi and uijkiyakaptapi.
i-ya'-ka-pte-y a, v. to cause to pass up or over,

— iyakaptewaya.
i-ya'-ka-pte-ya, adv. beyond, going over.
i-ya'-ka-sajj-ni, n. one side or half of any thing.
i-ya'-ka-sar)~ni-na, n. one side only.
i-ya'-ka-ska, v. a. to tie one thing to or on ano-
ther, to bind to, — iyawaka^ka, iyauijkaikapi.
i-ya'-ka-tir), v. of akatii) ; to measure by means

of, as with a yard stick, — iyawakatii).
i'-ya-ka-"wir), v. n. to exceed, go beyond bounds,

overflow, as a river its banks.
i'-ya-ka-'wir), adv. more than : iyakawir) iyeya,

to surpass ; iyakawir) iyeya ecamor), / have done

more than was needful.
i'-ya-ka-VTlrj-yar), adv. surpassing.
i-ya'-ke, n. the feather end of a quill, the feather

on an arrow.

i-ya'-ke-nor)-pa, adj. the twelfth. See iake-
noppa. The ordinal numbers from this to eigh-
teen will be found under ' iake,' and need not be
repeated here, though by some they are all writ-
ten with a y inserted.

i'-ya-ki-curj-ni, v. n. to become tired and leave
off, to cease from, give up pursuit, — iyawecui)ni,
iyayecuijni, iyauijkicuqnipi.

i'-ya-ki-eutj-ni-ya, v. a. to cause to leave off or
cease from, — iyakicugniwaya.

i'-ya-ki-eur)-ni-yai), adv. leaving off.

i-ya'-ki-eu, v. n. to be much, to increase.

i-ya'-ki-du, adv. much, more than one needs :
iyaki(Ju wahnaka, / have put away a. great deal.

i-ya'-ki-cur)-eur)-ka, n. one who does more than
is usual ; one who keeps on begging.

i-ya'-ki-eu-ya, v. a. to have more than one needs,
— iyaki(Juwaya.

i-ya'-ki-eu-ya, adv. much, a good deal, plenti-
fully, in abundance : iyaki^uya mduha, / have a
great deal.

i'-ya-ki-de-ee-ea, adv. like, alike.

I'-ya-ki-de-cen, adv. like.

i'-ya-ki-de-har)-ke-ca, adv. of the same length
with.

i'-ya-ki-de-hag-yar), adv. of equal distance.

i'-ya-ki-de-na-ke-ea, adv. of equal number.

i'-ya-ki-de-na-na, adv. as few as.

i-ya'-ki-hde, v. n. to surpass, overlap, reach be-
yond the time, as old corn lasting until the new
comes.

i-ya'-ki-hde, adv. like to, as : wetu iyakihde
maste, it is as warm as spring.

i-ya'-ki-hde-ga, v. to go on and overtakt.

lYA

101

lYA

i-ya'-ki-hdeBi, cont. of iyakihdega ; iyakihdeh.
okihai), to keep following after but not overtake,
— iyakihdefi owakihaij.

i-ya'-kl-hde-ya, v. a. to cause to reach round to ;
to make surpass, — iyakihdewaya.

i-ya'-hd-hde-ya, adv. surpassing.

i'-ya-ki-he-ee-ca, adv. like to that.

i-ya'-ki-he-har)-ke-ea, adv. as long as.

i'-ya-ki-he-na-ke-ea, adv. as many as.

i'-ya-ki-he-na-na, adv. as few as.

i-ya'-ki-hna, adv. in layers, one on another ;
i. q. akihna.

i'-ya-ki-ni-sko-ke-ea, adv. of the same size.

i'-ya-ki-pa-pa, v. See iakipapa.

i-ya'-ki-pe, v. a. to wait for, wish to have go
with one; to loait for, hope for ; to befall, happen
to, — iyawakipe, iyauqkipepi, iyamak'pe.

i-ya'-ki-pe-ya, adv. waiting for.

i'-ya-ki-ta, v. a. of akita ; to have an eye to, keep
a watch on, lest one commit some depredation ;
to hunt for charges against one, — iyawakita.

i'-ya-ki-te-dax), adv. together, familiarly, among
themselves : iyakitedaq hekiciyapi, they say this
among themselves.

i'-ya-ko, adv. beyond any thing. See ako.

i'-ya-kos, adv. See iyakosai).

I'-ya-ko-sar), adv. in addition, as an additional
reason : he iyakosaij decen ecamoq, / have done
this in addition to that.

i'-ya-ko-tai)-har), adv. beyond, from beyond.

i-ya'-kta, v. Used only with sni. See iyaktaini.

i-ya'-kta-sni, v. a. of aktasni ; to disregard, —
iyawakta^ni, iyauqktapisni.

i-yam', cont. of iyapa ; striking against : tiyopa
iyam imdamde, / struck against the door.

i-ya'-mni, adj. the third.

i-ya'-mni-mni, adj. red. every third one.

i-ya'-mni-na, adj. only the third one.

i-yam'-ya, adv. butting or striking against.

i-ya'-na-ka, intj. of surprise on meeting a friend.

i-ya'-na-pta, v. a. of anapta ; to detain, to go be-
fore and prevent from proceeding, — iyanawapta,
iyanamapta.

i'-ya-ni-ca, v. n. of anica ; to be prevented, de-
tained, or hindered by : magaiu kii) he iyamani-
6a,, I am prevented by the rain, — iyamanica, iya-
uijnicapi.

i-ya'-nur)-ga, v. n. to become hard, callous, un-
feeling, as a scarred place, — iyamanugga, iyani-
nui)ga.

i-ya'-nui)h, cont. of iyanuqga; iyanuijh iyeya.

i-ya'-nur)li-ya, v. a. to cause to become callous,
— iyanurjhwaya.

l-yar)'-pa, v. a. to push out, as an otter does his
nose to breathe.

i-ya'-or)-pa, v. a. of aoijpa ; to lay on, place on ;

to accuse of, blame with, — iyawaoi)pa, iyaui)koi)-

papi, iyamaoijpa.
i-ya'-or)-pa-pi, n. an accusation.
i-ya'-or)-pe-pi-ea-sni, adj. blameless.
i-ya'-oi)-pe-pi-ca-sni-yar), adv. blamelessly.
i-ya'-or)-pe-ya, adv. in a blaming or accusing

way.
i-ya'-o-pta, v. See iyayupta.
i-ya'-pa, v. a. of apa ; to beat, strike against ; to

beat, as the heart or pulse, as, ($ar)te iyamapa, my

heart beats ; to strike or knock against, as the

foot, — iyamapa, iyauqpapi ; iyai^ipa, to strike

oneself, — iyami^ipa.
i'-ya-pa, v. n. to strike against, as the wind

against a hill.
i-ya'-pa, v. n. to be injured or wounded in one's

feelings by word or action. See iyapaka.
i-ya'-pa-ka, v. n. to be injured or hurt in on^s

feelings by something said, — iyamapaka.
i-ya'-pa-spa, v. n. to be obscured, as the sun or

moon by clouds. See apaspa.
i'-ya-pa-stag, cont. of iyapastaka.
i'-ya-pa-stag-ya, v. a. to creep up and fall

upon before one is aware, to take by surprise, —

iyapastagwaya, iyapastagniyaqpi, John xii. 35.
i'-ya-pa-sta-ka, v. n. to be taken by surprise, —

iyamapastaka, iyanipa^taka.
i'-ya-pa-to, v. n. to butt against, be struck by ;

to press on or be cramped by, as by a short moc-
casin,— iyamapato, iyaugpatopi.
i'-ya-pa-to-ya, v. a. to run against,press against ;

to hinder, jyrcvent by, — iyapatowaya.
i'-ya-pa-to-ya-ken, adv. in the manner of press-
ing against.
i'-ya-pa-'wo-haij-pi, n. a certain sacred dance

and feast.
i-ya'-pa-ya, v. a. to injure or hurt one^s feelings

by what one says, — iyapawaya.
i-ya'-pe, v. a. of ape ; to wait for ; to lie in wait

for, lie in ambush, — iyawape, iyauqpepi, iyamape.
i-ya'-pe-har), v. a. of pehaij ; to fold up with ;

to wind on, as thread on a spool : hahoi]ta iyape-

haijpi, spool-thread, — iyawapehai), iyauijpeharipi.
i-ya'-pe-haQ-yai), adv. folding up.
i-ya'-pe-mni, v. a. to wrap around, wind up in,

— iyawapemni, iyaui)pemnipi ; wrapped up in, as,

woahtani iyapemni uijyakoripi, we are enveloped

in sin.
i-ya'-pe-nini-yai), adv. wrapped up in.
i-ya'-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to lie in wait for, —

iyapewaya.
i-ya'-pe-ya, adv. lying in wait for.
i-ya'-pu-spa, v. a. to glue, stick on with glue or

paste, — iyawapuspa, iyauqpuspapi.

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102

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i-ya'-pu-spa, v. n. to stick to, as wet clothes ; to

he glued up, as sore eyes, — iyamapuspa.
i-ya'-pu-spe-ya, v. a. to cause to glue on, — iya-

puspewaya.
l-ya'-pu-spe-ya, adv. in a glued or sticking

manner.
i-ya'-sag, cont. of iyasaka.
l-ya'-sa-ka, v. n. to he dried hard on, as skin

garments on one, — iyamasaka, iyauijsakapi.
I'-ya-se, n. of iya ; a glutton.
i-ya'-skam, cont. of iyaskapa ; iyaskam wai)ka,

it lies sticking on.
i-ya'-skam-ya, adv. sticking to.
i-ya'-ska-pa, v. n. to stick to, stick on, adhere to,

— iyamaskapa.
i-ya'-ski-ea, v. a. to press or suck one thing on

another, as corn on the cob, — imdaskica.
i-ya'-skin, cont. of iyaskica.
i-ya'-skin-ya, adv. pressing or sucking on.
i-ya'-ski-ska, v. n. to he smoothed down, as the

hair of an animal by swimming in water, — iya-

maskiska.
i'-ya-sna-na, adv. gently.
i'-ya-sna-sna-na, adv. carefully, gently.
i-ya'-sni, v. n. of asni ; to become still, as a noise

ceasing : eden iyasni, so it became still.
i-ya'-sni-ya, v. a. to give to one unexpectedly ;

to make quiet, — iyasniwaya.
i'-ya-s'a, v. of as'a ; to shout at, shout against,

— ^iyawa^'a, iyauq^'api.
i-ya'-ta, v. n. to promise to give, hetroth to one,

as a girl to a man, — imdata, idata.
i-ya'-ta-hde, v. n. to go beyond, surpass ; to go

beyond ordinary hounds, be excessive.
i-ya'-ta-hde, adv. full, running over.
i-ya'-ta-hde-ya, v. a. to go beyond, surpass ; to

do mxire than is right, exact too much ; to cause

to go beyond ; to be intemperate, — iyatahdewaya,

iyatahdeuijyaijpi ; iyatahdei^iya, he is intempe-
rate.
i-ya'-ta-hde-ya, adv. too much.
i-ya'-ta-ku-nl-sni, v. n. to come to nothing, come

to naught.
i'-ya-tam, adv. soon, soon again. See itam.
i-ya'-tag, v. n. to touch with the mouth ; to

light, as a pipe, which is done by drawing a few

times when put to the fire, — imdatai), idatai) ;

ikidiyatai), to light a pipe /or one.
i-ya'-ta-sag, cont. of iyatasaka.
i-ya'-ta-sag-ya, adv. stiffly.
i-ya'-ta-sa-ka, v. n. of tasaka ; to become hard

or stiff on one, as skin that has been wet and dried ;

stiff or frozen on, — iyamatasaka, iyauijtasakapi.
i-ya'-TVa, v. a. to count hy or according to, count

together, — imdawa, idawa.

i-ya'-ya, v. n. to have gone, — imdamde, idade,

uqkiyayapi : to have gone down, as, wi iyaya, the

sun has gone down ; to he more than, go over ; to

he more than enough, he a surplus, as, orige

iyaya, there is some over ; ikiciyaya, to remain

for or stand to one's credit.
i-ya'-ye-ya, v. a. to cause to go or have gone, to

send, — iyayewaya.
i-ya'-yu-pta, v. n. to pass by without stopping,

— iyamdupta, iyadupta, iyauijyuptapi.
i-ya'-yu-pte-ya, adv. passing by.
i-ya'-yus, cont. of iyayuza ; iyayus yuza, to hold

any thing close to another.
i-ya'-yu-sta-ka, v. iyayustag heyuij, to tie up

one thing on another, — iyayustag hemui).
i-ya'-yu-za, v. a. to hold to or at, — iyamduza.
i-ya'-yu-za, n. a holder, as a cloth to hold a hot

iron with.
i-ya'-za, adv. one after another : iyaza kata, to

kill one after another ; ti iyaza waui), / go from

house to house.
i-ya'-zar), v. n. to he sick on account of or by

means of; to be affected by sympathy with, —

imayazai), iniyazai).
i-ya'-zin, cont. of iyazita.
i-ya'-zin-ya, v. a. to burn, as sweet leaves, to

burn incense, — iyazinwaya.
i-y a'-zi-ta, v. n. to hum, as cedar leaves, to smoke

and make a pleasant smell.
i-ya'-zu, n. of aiu ; something used to spread

out and dry on : cagsa^a iyaiu, a stick split

partly, with others woven across, on which smok-

ing-bark is pUiced to dry.
i'-ye, pers. pron. he, she, it. PL, iyepi, they.
i-ye'-ee-ca, adv. like, like as, like to, such as, the

same as.
i-ye'-ee-ca, v. n. to be like to, — iyemadeda, iyeni-

ceda, iyeuridedapi ; it is fitting, proper : heda-

moT) kta iyededa, it is proper that I should do

that.
i-ye'-ee-ee-Mi), adv. just like.
i-ye'-ee-kee-ca, adv. red. of iyededa.
i-ye'-ee-keen-ya, adv. red. of iyedenya.
i-ye'-een, adv. like, in like manner.
i-ye'-cen-ya, adv. like ; a little less, not much :

iyedenya se mat:u, he gave me about so much.
i-ye'-ce-tu, v. n. to be so, become so, to he as was

expected ; to come to pass, take place.
i-ye'-ee-tu, adv. so, thus, right.
i-ye'-ee-tu-ya, v. a. to make so, fulfil, accom-
plish,— iyecetuwaya.
i-ye'-ce-tu-ya, adv. so.
i-ye'-ee-tu-ya-ken, adv. in this manner.
i'-ye-eir), adv. voluntarily, of on£s own accord,

of oneself.

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103

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i'-ye-clij-ka, adv. of oneself , of one's oum accord,
without advice : miyeciijka ecamoi), / did it of
myself.
i'-ye-eir)-ka-hai), adv. voluntarily.
i'-ye-es, 2^on. he, she, it.
i-ye'-ga, v. n. to shine, sparkle, twinkle, as the

stars.
i-ye'-han, adv. at or to the place ; at the time

appointed.
i-ye'-han-han-tu, adv. red. of iyehantu ; at the

times or places referred to.
i-ye'-han-tu, adv. at the time, now, at the same
time ; it is now the time ; there, thus far, so far.
l-ye'-han-tu-dai), adv. just at the time.
i-ye'-han-tu-dar)-hir), adv. exactly at the time.
i-ye'-han-tu-sni, adv. not time yet.
i-ye'-han-tu-ya, adv. at the time.
i-ye'-han-Ava-pa, adv. towards the time.
l-ye'-har)-har)-ke-ca, adv. red. of iyehaijkeca.
l-ye'-h.ar)-har)-yar), adv. red. of iyeha;)yai).
i-ye'-har)-ke-ca, adv. so long, of the same length.
i-ye'-har)-yar), orfv. so far ; at the proper time.
l-yef, cont. of iyega.

l-yeR'-ya, v. a. to cause to shine, — iyeliwaya.
i-yeh'-ye-ga, v. red. of iyega ; to twinkle.
i-yeJi'-yeh-ya, v. a. to cause to twinkle,
i-ye'-i-ei-ya, v. reflex, of iyeya; to find oneself ;
to put or thrust oneself: ohna iyei(Jiya, to push
or crowd oneself in.
i'-ye-i-tkom, arfii. See iyeitkopataqhaij.
i'-ye-i-tko-pa-taxj-hai), adv. returning the com-
pliment ; as when one says to another what was
fit should be said to himself.
i'-ye-ka-es, pron. even he.
i-ye'-ki-ci-han-tu, v. n. to he suitable for one, he
befitting or belong to one ; to be the time or oppor-
tunity for one, — iyemicihantu, iyeui)kicihantupi.
i-ye'-ki-ya, v. a. pos. of iyeya ; to find one's own ;
to recognise any person or thing ; to experience,
as, iyotaijhai) iyekiya, to find it hard, have diffi-
culty ; to put or push one's own in, as, ohna
iyekiya, — iyewakiya, iyeuqkiyapi, iyemakiya.
i'-ye-ke, jn-on. he himself, even he, she herself,

etc.
i'-ye-kes, pron. Same as iye^c.
i-ye'-na, adv. so many, as many as.
i-ye'-na-ka, adv. as many as.
i-ye'-na-ke-ca, adv. so man;/, as many as, as

muck as, — iyemanakeca, iyeuijnakec'api.
i-ye'-nar)g-na-ke-ea, adv. red. of iyenakeca.
i-ye'-pe, v. n. to lodge on, aa one tree on ano-
ther in falling.
i-ye'-pe-pe-ya, adv. unsettled, without an abid-
ing place, going from house to house : iyepepeya
waui), I am unsettled.

i-ye'-pe-ya, v. a. to make one tree lodge on
another, — iyepewaya, iyepeuijyaijpi.

i-ye'-pe-ya, adv. lodging on.

i'-yes, pron. See iyee^.

i-ye'-sni, intj. you don't say so ! it cannot be / —
iyepisni.

i-ye'-sni-ea, intj. Same as iyesni.

i-ye'-ya, v. a. to find any thing ; to put, place,
or thrust into : ohna iyeya, to thrust into, —
iyewaya, iyeuqyaijpi.

i-ye'-ya, v. aux. It is appended to verbs commenc-
ing with ba, bo, ka, pa, ya, etc., and also to some
adverbs ; and generally gives emphasis, and ex-
presses quickness or suddenness of action, — iye-
waya, iyeyaya, iyeui)yai)pi.

i-ye'-ya, or iyeye, v. n. to he, exist : widaita
iyeye cii), all men. See also hiyeye.

i-ye'-za-ka, adv. See iyeiakaken.

i-ye'-za-ka-ken, adv. unable, failing by a little ;
said when one fails of doing what he has been
accustomed to do : iyezakaken temye ^ni, he was
unable to eat it up.

i-yo', prep, in comp. compounded of i and o, with y
introduced for euphony ; to, in, into.

i-yo'-ea-hda, adv. rattling ; said of a noise made
in the mouth : iyocahda se iyaya, to go down
rattling, as a bullet when put into a gun.

i-yo'-6o-ka-ya, adv. in the midst of ; all put
into the mouth ; all swallowed up in ; wicoi)te
kit) he woohiye kii) e ocowasii) iyocokaya, death
is swallowed up in victory.

i-yo'-eo-tka, n. the two large lobes of the
stomach.

i-yog', cont. of iyoka ; iyog iyeya, to put on one
side, to drive out, — iyog iyewaya, iyog iyeurjyaijpi.

l-yog'-ya, adv. aside, away.

i-yo'-ha-kam, adv. after in time, subsequent to.

i-yo'-ha-kam-tu, adv. afterwards.

i-yo'-ha-kam-tu-ya, adv. afterwards.

i-yo'-ha-kam-tu-ya-ken, adv. a little after.

i-yo'-ha-ka-pa, adv. subsequent to.

i-yo'-ha-ka-pa-taij-hai), adv. afterwards.

i-yo'-har), v. a. of ohaij ; to boil one thing with
another, — iyowahe, iyoui)hai)pi.

i-yo'-hda-hda, adv. rattling ; iyohdahda se
iyaya, to make a noise, as a bullet put into a gun,
to go down with a rattling noise.

i-yo'-hda-mna, adv. circuitously, round all the
crooks and turns.

i-yo'-hda-mna-yar), adv. circuitously, particu-
larly : iyohdamnayaq wohdaka, to relate parti-
cularly.
i-yo'-hda-mni-yar), adv. round about, circui-
tously.
i-yo'-hdi, n. a razor-strop ; a hone, whet-stone.

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104

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i-yo'-hdi-ya, v. a. to rub back and forth, as in

whetting or stropping a razor, — iyohdiwaya.
I'-yo-he, n. something wrapped around the feet,

socks, stockings.
i-yo'-hi, adj. each, every one ; i. q. otoiyohi.
i-yo'-hi, V. a. to reach, get to, arrive at, a place,

— iyowalii: to be sufficient for, reach to one, as in

a division of articles ; to be large enough for, as

a garment, — iyomahi, iyouijhipi, iyowicahi.
i-yo'-hi-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to reach or arrive

at ; to give to each one, make go round, as in

dividing articles ; to pay one''s debts entirely up,

— iyohivpakiya, iyohiuijkiyapi.
i-yo'-hi-sni, v. not to reach to. See iyohi.
i-yo'-hi-sni-yar), v. a. to cause not to reach to.

See iyohiya.
i-yo'-hi-ya, v. a. to cause to reach a place ; to

extend the hand to ; to make reach to all ; to pay

up one's debts, — iyohiwaya, iyohiuijyaijpi.
i'-yo-hmus, cont. of iyohmuza ; iyobmus yaijka.
i'-yo-hmus-ya, v. a. to cause to shut the mouth.
i'-yo-hmu-za, v. n. to have the mouth shut, lay

the hand on the mouth, — iyowahmuza.
i-yo'-hnag, cont. of iyohnaka ; iyohnag iyeya.
i-yo'-hnag-ki-ya, v. a. to put into the mouth of

another ; to give to eat, cause to eat, — iyohnagwa-

kiya.
i-yo'-hnag-ya, v. a. to cause to put into the

mouth, give food to, — iyohnagwaya.
i-yo'-hna-ka, v. a. to put into the mouth, as

food, — iyowahnaka, iyoui)hnakapi.
i-yo'-hna-ka, n. a mouthful.
i-yo'-Ra, n. the lower part of the face, the side of

the face ; the jowl, lower jaw of animals.
i-yo'-B.a-6ar)-du-hu-pa, n. the common short-
stemmed pipe.
i-yo'-ha-hir), n. whiskers: iyolahiijima and

iyohiijsma, heavy whiskers.
i-yo'-hda-te-ya, adv. of ohdateya ; underneath.
i-yo'-Rpa. See iyuhpa.
i-yo'-tpa-ya, v. a. to go in, fall into, alight in,

as ducks in a pond ; to join, become partakers of,

as in joining a church or society, — iyowahpamda.
i-yo'-hpe-ki-ya, v. a. Same as iyohpeya.
i-yo'-fi.pe-ya, v. a. to throw or cast into ; to

cause to fall into, to plant, as corn or other grain,

— iyolpewaya : iyoipei^iya, to cast oneself into,

— iyohpemi^iya.
i-yo'-ka, adj. another, as, wicasta iyoka, another

man ; in another place, elsewhere.
i-yo'-ka-da, v. a. of okada ; to empty or pour

into, as grain, — iyowakada.
i-yo'-ka-da, n. something into which any thing is

poured to measure withal : mazakai) iyokada, a

gun-charger.

i-yo'-ka-du-za, n. air in motion, a breeze.
i-yo'-ka-du-za, adj. airy, cool.
i'-yo-ka-ga, adv. down stream, south of, below.
i'-yo-ka-ga-tar)-har), adv. from down stream,

south of.
i'-yo-kaR, cont. of iyokaga.
i'-yo-kaB.-ki-ya, adv. down stream, south of.
i'-yo-kali-"wa-pa, adj. down stream, in a south-
erly direction.
i-yo'-kan, cont. of iyokata.
i-yo'-kan-ya, v. a. to warm, make hot in, — iyo-

kanwaya, iyokanmayar) ; to heat with, as a room

by means of a stove.
i-yo'-ka-pa, v. to surpass, — iyowakapa. Not

much used.
i-yo'-ka-pas, cont. of iyokapaza.
i-yo'-ka-pas-ya, v. a. to exert an evil influence

upon, as on a sick person by one's presence, to

make worse, — iyokapaswaya, iyokapasmayai).
i-yo'-ka-pas-ye-ea, v. a. Same as iyokapasya.
i-yo'-ka-pa-tar)-har),arfr. behind, after ; younger

than, — miyokapataqhar). Same as iyohakapa-

taijhaij.
i-yo'-ka-pa-za, v. n. to be pungent, make smart,

as pepper or mustard-seed in the mouth, — iyoma-

kapaza.
i-yo'-ka-pte, n. of kapte ; something to dip with, '

a dipper, ladle.
l-yo'-ka-ske, n. of ka^ka ; something that con-
nects, something to bind with.
i-yo'-ka-ta, v. n. of okata ; to be warm in, warm

by reason of.
i-yo'-ka-tar), v. a. of okatag ; to drive in, as a

nail, on something, — iyowakatai), iyou^kataijpi.
i-yo'-ka-tku-ge, n. a nail, screw : tiyopa iyoka-

tkuge, rmils ; maza iyokatkuge, nails.
i-yo'-ka-zi-ca-hde, adv. stretching up, on tip-toe :

iyokazicahde waijyaka, to see by stretching up.
i-yo'-kl, V. a. to permit, encourage. Not used ex-
cept with ' sni,' or in a negative form. See iyoki-

sni and iyokika.
i-yo'-ki-ea-sde-ca, v. a. of kasdec'a ; to split in

two in the middle, — iyokiwakasdeda.
i-yo'-ki-ea-ska, v. a. of kaska ; to tie together,

as two strings, — iyokiwakaska.
i-yo'-ki-ea-ske-ya, adv. tied together, connected

or following each other, as the seasons, without

any intervening time.
i-yo'-M-ea-spa, v. a. of kaspa ; to divide in the

middle, — iyokiwaka^pa.
i'-yo-ki-he, v. n. to be next to, be second, — iyo-

wakihe.
i'-yo-ki-he, adj. second, next to.
i-yo'-ki-he, n. a joint : hu iyokihe, the leg-joint.

See okihe.

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105

lYO

i'-yo-kl-he-ya, adv. lengthened out, added to,

next to, following, succeeding.
i-yo'-ki-hi, v. a. of oMhi ; to be able for ; to come

upon, come up with, — iyowakihi, iyouqkihipi.
i-yo'-ki-hi-ya, v. a. to make able for, — ^iyokihi-

waya.
i-yo'-ki-hi-ya, adv. ably.
i-yo'-ki-hnag, cont. of iyoMhnaka; iyokihnag

hirihda, at the same instant ; said of guns fired

off at the same time.
i-yo'-ki-hna-ka, v. a. of okihnaka ; to put or

place in together, — iyowakihnaka.
i-yo-ki'-ka, i). a. to forbid, hinder. Same as iyo-

kisni.
i-y o '-ki-ni-hari , adj. honored for.
i-yo'-ki-ni-har)-yai), adv. honorably.
i-yo'-ki-pi, v. a._ to please, be pleasing to, — iyo-

wakipi, iyouqkipipi, iyocicipi.
i-yo'-ki-pi, v. n. to be pleased with, to like, — iyo-

makipi, iyonicipi, iyouqkipipi.
i-yo'-ki-pi-ya, v. a. to please, cause to be pleaded,

— iyokipiwaya, iyokipiuqyaijpi, iyokipimayai).
i-yo'-ki-pi-ya, adv. delightfully, pleasantly.
i-yo'-ki-pta, v. pos. of iyopta ; to go towards

home ; to advance, go on, make progress in any

business of one^s own, — iyomakipta, iyonic'ipta.
i-yo'-ki-se, n. of okise ; the half of any thing

cut in two.
i-yo'-ki-si-ea, v. n. to be sad, sorry, grieved, —

iyomakisic'a, iyonicisic'a, iyouijkisic'api : wac'ii)

iyoki^ic'a, to be displeased with, have one's mind

made sad by, — wadii) iyowakisica.
i-yo'-ki-si-ea-pi, n. sadness, sorrow.
l-yo'-ki-si-ea-ya, v. a. to make sad, to sadden.

See iyokisinya.
i-yo'-ki-si-ea-ya, adv. sadly.
i-yo'-ki-sin, cont. of iyokisida ; iyoki^in wauq.
l-yo'-ki-sin-ya, v. a. to sadden, grieve, dis-
please, disappoint, — iyokisinwaya, iyoki^inuijyai)-

pi, iyokisinmayai).
i-yo'-ki-sin-ya, adv. in a manner producing

sadness, sadly.
i-yo-M'-sni, v. a. to forbid, prevent, hinder, —

iyowakisni, iyouijkipisni, iyomaki^ni, iyodic'isni.
i-yo'-ki-ta-he-dar), adv. between.
l-yo'-ki-tar)-ir), n. of otaijii) ; manifestation.
i-yo'-ki-tar)-ir)-yar), adv. manifestly.
i'-yo-ki-"wir), v. a. to make a motion with the

mouth, to gesture to one with the mouth, — iyowa-

kiwiq.
i'-yo-ki-yu-sde-ea, v. n. of yusdec'a ; to split in

two, be divided in customs.
i'-yo-ki-yu-sden, cont. of iyokiyusdec'a ; divided

in customs : iyokiyusden ui)yakoi)pi, we are in a

divided state.

14

i-yo'-ko-hnag, cont. See iyokihnag.
i'-yo-ko-pe-ya, adv. opposite to, beyond, in sight :

mde iyokopeya waijka, it lies beyond the lake.
i'-yo-kos, adv. in the meantime.
i'-yo-ko-sai), adv. in the meantime.
i-yo'-kpa-ni, v. n. to lack, be wanting ; to be less

than, not enough ; to fail, not to reach in time,

not to accomplish, — iyowakpani, iyouijkpanipi.
i-yo'-kpa-ni-ya, v. a. to cause to lack, etc., —

iyokpaniwaya.
i-yo'-kpa-ni-yar), adv. lacking, failing of.
i-yo'-ko-pa, n. the board on which a Dakota child

is fastened.
i-yo'-mda-ye, n. of omdaye ; a plain extending

from, as from a hill.
l-yo'-mni, n. a sheltered place, a harbor.
i-yo'-mni-na, n. a sheltered place, a harbor.
i-yo'-mni-yai), adv. in a sheltered place.
i-yo'-mni-yen, adv. leisurely. See iwomniyen.
i-yo'-nmi-ye-tu, adv. slowly, carefully. See

iwomniyetu.
i-yo'-O-pta, adv. through, beyond.
i-yo'-o-pta-i-ya-ya, v. to go by or beyond, go on

further ; to go through, pass through.
i-yo'-o-pta-i-ya-ya-pi, n. See iyooptaiyeyapi.
i-yo'-o-pta-i-ye-ya-pi, n. a purge, a cathartic,

as rhubarb, salts, oil, etc.
i-yo'-o-pta-ya, v. n. to pass on, go beyond.
i'-yo-pa-stag, cont. of iyopadtaka : iyopastag

waui), lam exciting.
i'-yo-pa-stag-ya, adv. encouragingly.
i'-yo-pa-sta-ka, v. a. to excite, incite, encourage,

— iyowapa^taka, iyouijpa^takapi, iyomapastaka,

iyoc'ipastaka.
i-yo'-pa-ta, V. a. to patch, sew a piece on, — iyo-

wapata, iyoui)patapi.
l-yo'-pa-zai), v. a. to put into the mouth ; to put

in around the waist ; to load, as a gun, — iyowa-

pazai).
i-yo'-pa-zar), n. something to bind or hold in, as

a ferrule ; the brass ring that holds in the ramrod

of a gun; the ramrod itself ; the bore of a

gun.
i-yo'-pe-i-di-ya, v. reflex, of iyopeya ; to blame

oneself, reprove oneself ; to repent, change oneself ;

to sell oneself, — iyopemi^iya, iyopeujjki^iyapi.
i-yo'-pe-i-di-ya-pi, n. a blaming oneself repent-
ance.
l-yo'-pe-ki-ya, v. a. to reprove, chide, scold ; to

correct, punish ; to change for something else,

exchange, — iyopewakiya, iyopeuijkiyapi, iyopema-

kiya, iyopec'iciya.
i-yo'-pe-ya, v. a. to chide, reprove ; to correct,

jmnish ; to give in exchange for, barter, — iyope-

waya, iyopeuriyaripi.

lYO

106

lYO

i-yo'-pta, V. n. to go on, move on, as a cloud ; to

go forward, advance, make progress in any thing,

— imayopta and iyomapta, iniyopta and iyonipta,

uijkiyoptapi and iyouijptapi.
i-yo'-pta, adv. through.
i-yo'-pta-i-ya-ya, v. n. to pass through, pass

on.
i-yo'-pta-i-ye-ya, v. a. to cause to pass through.
i-yo'-pta-i-ye-ya-pi, n. a purge, cathartic ; i. q.

iyooptaiyeyapi.
i-yo'-pte-ya, v. n. to have enquired some skill,

made some progress, — iyoptewaya.
i-yo'-pu-hdi, n. wadding for a gun.
i-yo'-pu-lidi-ya, v. a. to use for gun-wadding.
i-yo'-pu-ski-ea, n. a ramrod.
i-yos'. See heniyos.
i-yos'-na-na. See heniyosnana.
i-yo'-sni-za, v. n. to he blinded by the sun or

snow, — iyoma^niia. See istoiniia.
i-yo'-Stai), n. of ostaij ; something pushed into

the mouth of any thing, a vial-cork, a stopper.

See iostai).
i-yo'-star)-pi, n. a cork, a stopper.
i-yo'-ta-he-dar), adv. between : uijkiyotahedaij,

between us.
i-yo'-ta-he-pi, adv. between one place and ano-
ther.
i-yo'-ta-kor)S, cont. of iyotatoijza ; opposite to,

over against.
i-yo'-ta-kor)s-ya, adv. even with, opposite to.
i-yo'-ta-koij-za, adv. opposite to, over against ;

even with.
i-yo'-tar), adj. great, greater, greatest, chief;

used in comparing one thing with another, —

imayotai), iniyotaq, nqkiyota^pi.
i-yo'-tar), adv. most, very : iyotaig wa^te, very

good, the best ; iyotag ksapa, the wisest ; iyota;)

sica, the worst. See also iyotaqiyekiya.
i-yo'-tar)-da, v. See iyotaijdaka.
i-yo'-tar)-da-ka, v. a. to esteem most, value most

highly, — iyotarjwadaka.
i'-yo-tai)g, cont. of iyotaijka ; iyotaijg hiyeya.
i'-yo-tar)g-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to sit down, —

iyotarigwakiya.
i-yo'-tar)-har), adv. very much. Same as iyo-

tai). See iyotaijhaijiyekiya.
i-yo'-tar)-hai)-i-ye-ki-ya, v. a. to have trouble,

have a hard time, have difficulty ; to trouble,

make difficulty or hardship for another, — iyotai)-

haijiyewakiya.
i-yo'-tag-i-ye-ki-ya, v. a. to find it difficult or

hard, experience difficulty from ; to trouble, make

labor or difficulty, for one, — iyotagiyewakiya ;

iyotaijiyemayakiya, thou hast given me a hard

lime.

i'-yo-tar)-ka, v. n. to sit, be sitting ; to sit down ;

to sit up, get u]}, — imdotaijka, idotaqka.
i'-yo-tar)-ka-har), 2Mrt. sitting.
i'-y o-tar)-ke-har), part, sitting.
i-yo'-tar)-yar), v. a. to count the greatest, — iyo-

taijwaya.
i-yo'-tar)-y£ir), adv. greatly.
i-yo'-tpa-ni, v. a. Same as iyokpani.
i-yo'-tpa-ni-yar), adv. Same as iyokpaniyai).
i-yo'-to-hnag, cent, of iyotohnaka ; iyotohnag

mda, / go at the risk of my life.
i-yo'-to-hna-ka, v. n. to hazard life, risk one^s

life, go into danger. See aotohnaka.
i-yo'-vra, v. n. to gape, yawn, — iyowawa, iyouij-

wapi.
i-yo'-Tva, n. writing-materials. See iowa.
i-yo'-'war)g, cont. of iyowaijke ; iyowai)gi^iya, to

be in the habit of, form a habit, take lessons from,

— iyowai)gmi(Jiya.
i-yo'-"war)-ke, n. habit.
i-yo'-"was, cont. of iyowaia ; iyowas wauij sni, I

am not near it.
i-yo'-'wa-za, adv. near to, equal to, relating to.
i-yo'-'wa-za-ka, adv. Used with the meaning of

iyowazasni.
i-yo'-'wa-za-sni, adv. not near to, not equal to,

having nothing to do with : iyowaiasni wauq, and

iyowas waug toi, / am not near to him or it, in

any respect.
i-yo'-"wa-za-sni-yaj5, adv. not near to.
i-yo'-"wi-6a-ki-si-ee, n. of iyoki^ida ; sorrow, sad-
ness.
i-yo'-"wi-ea-ya-ka, n. of iyoyaka ; sorrow, sad-
ness ; sympatliy, irritableness.
i-yo'-Avi-han, adv. in fun, in jest : iyowihan

epe sni, I did not say it in jest.
i-yo'-"wir), v. See iyokiwig.
i-yo'-'wirj-ki-ya, v. a. to permit, suffer, connive .

at; to receive, acccpi,—iyowiQwakiya, iyowiijui)-

kiyapi, iyowiijmakiya.
i-yo'-AvisQ-yar), v. a. to bear, endure ; to permit,

connive at ; to receive, accept ; to be sufficient for,

accomplish, said of medicine in curing disease, —

iyowiqwaya, iyowiijuqyaijpi, iyowirjmayaq.
i-yo'-wirj-ye-sni, adv. without leave, contrary

to orders ; insufficient, inoperative, as medicine.
i-yo'-'wo-taij-ir), n. a place from which one can

see to a great distance, as a hill.
i-yo'-yag, cont. of iyoyaka ; iyoyag wauij.
i-yo'-yag-ya, v. a. to displease, offend ; to make

sick, — iyoyagwaya, iyoyaguijyaijpi.
i-yo'-ya-ka, v. n. to be offended, displeased ; to

be made sick, — iyomayaka, iyoui)yakapi.
i-yo'-ya-ke-ea, v. n. to be sorrowful, distressed,

— iyoniayakeca, iyoniyakec'a.

lYO

107

lYU

i-yo'-yam, cont. of iyoyaijpa.
i-yo'-yajn-ya, v. a. to shine on, illuminate, en-
lighten,— iyoyamwaya, iyoyamuijyaijpi, iyoyam-

mayai].
i-yo'-yam-ya, adv. illuminated, in an illumi-
nated manner.
i-yo'-yai)-pa, v. n. to shine, give light.
i-yo'-yar)-pa, n. light.
i-yo'-yar)-pa-ya, v. a. to enlighten, shine on, —

iyoyaijpawaya, iyoyaqpamayai).
i-yo'-za. See heijiyoza.
i-yo'-zi, n. rest, repose.
i-yo'-zi-ya, adv. at rest.
i-yo'-zi-zi-ya, adv. red. of iyoziya ; leisurely :

iyoziziya yatkaij, to sip, drink by draughts.
i-yo'-zar)-zai), n. light.
i-yo'-zar)-zar)-yar), v. n. to shine, shine into,

give light to.
i-yo'-zar)-zar)-yar), adv. shining, giving light.
i-yu'-be, n. something to rub with : maziyube, a

file.
i-yu'-ear), v. a. to sift, to shake, as in sifting, —

imduc'ai). See yucar).
i-yu'-6ai) and ■wi-yu-ear), n. a sieve.
i-yu'-e-ee-tu, v. a. to perfect, make right by

means of, — imduecetu. See yuecetu.
i-yu'-hirj-te, n. any thing to rake with, as malii-

yuhiqte, a rake.
i-yu'-hmi-hma, n. something that turns a tiling,

a turner, as a water-wheel.
i-yu'-hna-yax), v. n. to be deceived, as in the

prospect of receiving something, — imayuhnayai),

iniyuhnayai).
i-yoi'-ho-ta, n. the intestines, all the inside of an

animal.
i-yu'-hei, v. a. to break out, as the eye of a

needle, — imduhc'i.
i-yu'-hda-ta, v. a. to catch hold of with, as with

a hook ; to scratch with, — imduhdata.
i-yu'-hda-te, n. (i and yuhdata) something to

catch with, something to scratch with.
i-yu'-hdo-ke, n. of yuhdoka ; something to open

with, something to make a hole with : tiyopa iyu-

hdoke, a door-opener, i. e. a key.
i-yu'-Bie-pe, n. of yuhepa ; an absorber, a sponge.
i-yu'-tmur), n. of yuhmuij ; a sling.
i-yu'-hpa, adj. all, the whole.
i-yu'-lipe, n. of yuhpa ; something to pull down

with.
i'-yu-kar)-pi, v. pi. they go and remain. The

singular of this is not so used. See jukai).
i-yu'-keai), v. a. to understand, have an opinion

or understanding of; to think, guess, — imdu-

kcai), idukcaq, ugkiyukcaiipi, iciyukcai) ; imaya-

dukc'ai), thou understandest me.

i-yu'-kcai)-ke, n. one who forms an opinion.
i-yu'-kear)-ken, adv. guessing : iyukcaqken

aya, to go on guessing.
i-yu'-kear)-yar), v. n. to cause to understand, —

iyukdariwaya, iyukcar)uriyar)pi.
i-yu'-kcar)-yar), adv. thinking, having under-
standing of.
i-yu'-ke-ze, n. a scraper.
i-yu'-kir), v. a. to wrench, pry, — imduki^, ugki-

yukiijpi.
i-yu'-kir)-yar), adv. prying.
i-yu'-ki-pam, adv. divided. Not much used.
i-yu'-kpaj), v. a. to rub up fine, as with the fin-
gers,— imdukpai) .
i-yu'-kpar), n. something to make fine with, a

mill. See wiyukpaij.
i-yu'-kpu-kpa, v. a. to break up fine and mingle

together, — imdukpukpa.
i-yu'-ksa, v. a. to break off with, cut off with, —

imduksa, uijkiyuksapi.
i-yu'-kse, n. something to break or cut off with,

snuffers.
i-yu'-ke-ge, n. a grater.
i-yu'-mar). See iyube.
i-yu'-mni, n. something that turns round : tate

iyumni, a whirlwind ; cai) iyumni, an auger.
i-yun', cont. of iyuta ; to eat with, as one thing

with another.
i-yun'-ki-toi), n. something to eat with, sauce.
i-yun'-tor), n. something to eat with other things,

sauce, condiment.
i-yuQ', intj. See igyu;).
i'-yuT), V. to use : hu iyuij, to use one^s legs, be on

foot ; hu iyui) hiyu, to come on foot.
i'-yug-ken, adv. hu iyuqken, on foot.
i-yur)'-"wir), n. remuneration, something to pay

with : iyuqwii) yuka^, there is pay ; iyuijwii)

codai), without pay.
i-yur)'-wir)-toi), v. to have the means of paying,

have something to give for, — iyuijwiijwatoi).
i-yuri'-vriij-yai), v. a. to have or use as pay, —

iyuijwiqwaya.
i-yu'-pa-ga, v. a. to gather up in the hand, as

the mouth of a bag for tying, — imdupaga.
i-yu'-pah, cont. of iyupaga; iyupah yuza, to

clasp tight, as the mouth of a bag.
i-yu'-pam, adv. all together. Not much used.
i-3ru'-pai), v. a. to break or rub up, as in the

hand, — imdupar) .
i-yu'-pi-za, adj. wrinkled.
l-yu'-pse, n. a steering-oar, the helm, rudder.
i-yu'-pse-ki-ei-yu-za, v. a. to hold the helm
for one, steer a boat for one ; to keep one from

doing wrong, lead him to do right, — ijrupsewedi-

yuza.

lYU

108

lYU

i-yu'-pse-pse-ya, adv. red. of iyupseya.

i-yu'-pse-ya, adv. crookedly, zigzag.

i-yu'-pse-yu-za, v. to hold the helm, steer a
boat, hold the paddle against the water so as to
turn the boat, to hack water, — iyupsemduza.

l-jTu'-pse-yu-ze, n. a pilot.

i'-yu-psi-psi-za, v. to have the lips quiver, as
from cold, etc., — imayup^ipsiia.

i'-yu-psi-za. See lyupsip^iza.

i-yu'-pta, V. iyupta icu, to take up with a spade,
to dig and take up, as in spading, — iyupta
iwac'u.

i-yu'-pu-za, v. a. to make dry with, — imdupuza.

i-yu'-pu-ze, n. something to make dry with, a
towel.

i-yu'-sdo-he, n. something to drag along, a sled.
Hence, caijiyusdohe, something to haul wood on,
a wood-sled.

i-yu'-sdo-he-toi), v. to have a sled or team, —
iyusdohewatoi).

i-3ru'-sdo-he-tor)-na, n. something that trails.

i-yu'-son, cant, of iyusota ; iyuson eyaya, all
passed by.

i-yu'-so-ta, v. a. to use all up with, use up for,
— imdusota, ui)kiyusotapi.

i-yus'-O-yah, adv. with difficulty, i. q. kitaq hit) :
iyusoyah pakpi, to pick open with difficulty.

i-yu'-sda, n. of yusda ; scissors, shears.

i-yu'-sdu-sdu-ta, n. something to make smooth
with, a rubber, polisher.

i-yu'-ska, n. of yuska ; something by means of
which to untie a bundle ; what is given in i eturn
on the occasion of untying a bundle of tobacco
sent from another village or people. This is a
Dakota custom. A bundle of tobacco is sent to
renew the bond of friendship between bandg or
villages. If it is untied, blankets, gUB«,'^ttles,
etc., are sent back in return ; if tKey have no-
thing to give, they cannot untie the bundle.

l-yu'-ski-ea, v. a. to press on and cut accident-
ally, as with a knife ; to wring out of, as out of
water, — imduskica.

i-yu'-ski-ee, n. of yuskica ; a press.

i-yu'-skin, cont. of iyuskica and iyuskita.

i-yu'-skil), v. n. to rejoice, be glad ; to rejoice in,
— imduskiq, iduskiq, uijkiyuskiiipi.

i-yu'-skir)-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to rejoice, — iyu-
skiijwakiya.

i-yu'-skir)-skir), v. red. of iyuskiri.

i-yu'-skir)-skir)-yar), adv. red. of iyuskiijya;).

i-yu'-skir)-yan, v. a, to make glad, to gladden,
rejoice, — iyuskirjwaya, iyuskiijmayai).

l-yu'-skir)-yar), adv. gladly, rejoicingly.

i-yu'-ski-ta, v. a. to press upon and cut with a
knife, — imdu^kita, imayu^kita.

i-yu'-sna, n. of yu^na; one that has lost its

mate, an odd one.
i-yu'-spa, v. a. of yuspa ; to pick off from, as a

scab, — imdu^pa.
i-3ru'-spu, V. a. to pick off from, as corn from the

strings, — imdu^pu.
i-yu'-star), v. a. of yustai) ; to finish inside, to

finish for, — imdu^tai) : ekta waki ^a owasii) wi-

yeya imdu^tai), when I liave gone home and pre-

pared a place, — John xiv. 3.
i-yu'-ta, V. a. to measure, weigh ; to try, attempt,

— imduta, iduta, uqkiyutapi : cai) iyuta, to mea-
sure with a stick,
i-yu'-ta, V. of yuta; to eat with, as one thing

with another, — iwata, iyata.
i-yu'-tax), v. a. to put in grease and mash up, to

make pemmican — imduta;), idutai), uqkiyutaijpi.
i-yu'-tax), v. to tempt ; to be tempted or tried, —

imayutari, iniyutaq, uqkiyutagpi.
i-yu'-tar), n. the trigger of a gun.
i-yu'-tar)-tar), v. a. to touch, feel in several

ptlaces, — imdutaqta;), u;)kiyutai)tai)pi.
i-yu'-tax)-yai), v. a. to tempt, try, prove, — iyutaij-

waya, iyutaquijyajjpi, iyutaijmayai).
i-yu'-taij-yar), adv. tempting, trying.
i-yu'-ta-pi, n. a measure ; an acre ; a mile ; a

bushel ; a pound ; nogiyutapi, a yard.
i-yu'-te-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to measure ; to

adjust, arrange, appoint, — iyutewakiya.
i-yu'-te-pa, v. n. of yutepa; to be torn off by

any thing.
i-yu'-te-ya, v. a. to adjust, — iyutewaya, iyuteuq-

yai)pi.
i-yu'-te-ya, adv. by measure.
i-yu'-ti-tar), v, a. of yutitaq ; to pull by, — imdu-

titaij.
i-yu'-ti-tar), v. n. to be stretched or pulled by.
i-yu'-ti-tag-yai), adv. stretched by.
i-yut'-ki-toi), m. See iyunkitoq.
i-yu'-tpu-tpa, v. a. Same as iyukpukpa.
i-yu'-"we-ga, v. a. to pass through, cross, ford, as

a stream, — imduwega, iduwega, uijkiyuwegapi.

Hence, oiyuwege, a ford.
i-yu'-"weh, co7U. of iyuwega; iyuweh iyaya, to

ford a stream.
i-yu'-"weh-ya, adv. crossing, fording.
i-yu'-'wi, V. a. to tie, as a halter or rope in a

horse's mouth, — imduwi.
i-3ru'-"wi, v. n. to curl, twist, like a vine or curled

wood.
i-yu'-"wi, n. any thing twisted or tied, a vine, a

bridle. See iiyuwi and wiyuwi.
i-yu'-vdi). See iyuijwiij.
i-yu'-"wi-ya, adv. tangled, in a snarl, as hair or

thread.

lYU

109

KAB

i-yu'-za, V. a. of yuza ; to hold on or to, to put

the hand on and hold, — imduza.
i-yu'-ze, n. of yuza and yuze ; something to hold

with, a holder ; something to take out food with,

a ladle.
i-yu'-zi-ya, adv. partly in sight ; said of any

thing seen over a hill.
i-yu'-zi-zi-ya, adv. in sight, i. q. taijiijyaij :

iyuziziya iyaya, to pass along in sight.
i-yu'-za-za, v. a. to wash with, to he washed with,

— imduiaza.
i-yu'-za-za, n. something to wash with, as a

wash-tub, wash-board, etc.
i'-yu-zi-nina-na, adv. full, brim full, as a vessel

of water, just about to run over ; at the edge of,

as, iyuiimnana kagege, to sew close to the edge.
i'-yu-zi-mna-yai), adv. by the edge of, full.
i-yu'-zi-pe, n. (i and yuiipa) the front lock of a

man's hair ; something to pinch or lay hold with,

as, maziyuzipe, tongs, pincers.
i-za'-ptai), adj. the fifth.
i-za'-ptar)-ptar), adj. red. every fifth one.
i-zin', cont. of izita.
i-zin'-tor), v. a. to make a smoke, to smoke any

thing, — izinwatoi) .
i-zin'-ya, v. a. to cause to smoke ; to smoke, as a

deer-sHn, — izinwaya. See ziya.
i-zi'-ta, v. n. to smoke, as a fir^-brand.
i-zo', n. a peninsula.
i-zu'-ya-pi, «. what the Dakotas carry with them

in going to war, the palladium of the expedition.

Sometimes this is a pipe, and sometimes the skin

of an animal. See zuya.
i-zu'-za, re. a grind-stone, a whet-stone.
i'-zan-ya, adv. deceitfully, i. q. oie noijpa.
i-zag'-zar), v. n. to give light, as a candle.
i-zaq'-zar), v. a. to light, as a candle.
i-zar)'-zai), n. a light. See petiiaijiaq.
i-zar)'-zag-ya, v. a. to light, as a candle ; to

cause to give light, — iiagzaqwaya.
i-zar)'-zar)-yai), adv. giving light for : tahii)ca

iiaijzariyai) wicakute, he shoots deer by a light.
i'-za-ta, adj. forked-moutlied, double-tongued ;
said also of a gun which has the upper part of
the stock cut off. This form of expression is said
to have been introduced by white people.
i-ze'-hag, adv. often, frequently, repeatedly.
i-ze'-har)-yar), adv. often.
i-ze'-harj-yag-ken, adv. frequently.
i-ze'-ze-ya, adv. mixed up, as different kinds

together.
i-ze'-ze-ya-ken, adv. mixed up, all sorts toge-
ther.
i-zi'-ea, v. n. to be rich in goods ; in distinction
from wa^ec'a or iwaiec'a, to be rich in provisions.

i-zl'-mna, v. n. to smell like something burning,

as fat or bones.
i-zin'-ya, v. a. to cause to be rich, — iiinwaya.
i-zin'-ya, adv. richly.
i'-zog, cont. of izoka.

i'-zog-ki-ya, v. a. to push out the lips at one.
i'-zo-ka, V. n. to have the lips pushed out.
i'-ZO-ki-ya, v. to push out the mouth at ; to

twist the mouth ; to whistle, — iiowakiya.

K.

k, the twelfth letter of the Dakota alphabet. It is

sounded as in English.
k, a prefix, making the possessive form of verbs
which commence with p : as, pagai), to part
with ; kpagai), to part with one's own.
ka, dem. j^ron. that ; he, she, it.

ka, adv. there, yonder. See kan and kakiya.
ka, adv. Used interrogatively at the end of a
phrase or sentence, as, ecoijpida ka, can it be
done ?

ka, a suffix to verbs and nouns. In most cases it
does not seem materially to alter the significa-
tion : as, wasteda and wastedaka, to love any
thing; itaqcai) and itaqcaijka, a chief one. In
some cases it helps to form verbal nouns : as, o,
to hit in shooting ; waoka, a good marksman.

ka, adv. suffix. It is equivalent to im, not, and is
sometimes used ironically : as, wa^te, good, wa-
steka, not good.

ka, a prefix to a class of verbs. It shows that the
action expressed by the verb is performed by
striking, as with the hand, or with an axe, club,
or other instrument ; or by the action of the wind
or water. The pronouns are prefixed.

ka, v. a. to mean, signify, — wakii, yaka, uijkapi,
cica, maka ; uijnicapi, we mean you.

ka-a'-O-pte-ea, v. kaaopteda kaga, to lessen.

ka-a'-o-pten, v. cont. of kaaopteca ; kaaopten
ecoi), to do less than.

ka-a'-o-pte-tu, v. to lessen : kaaoptetu ecamoi),
/ do less, or / make it less.

ka-a'-O-pte-tu-ya, adv. in the way of diminish-
ing.

ka-a'-o-pte-tu-ya-ken, adv. diminishingly.

ka-a'-pa-ma-hde, adv. sloping down hill, gently
sloping : kaapamahde hiijca, quite steep.

ka-a'-pa-ma-hde-ya, adv. down hill, sloping :
kaapamahdeya wai)ka, it is descending. See
apamahde.

ka-a'-ta-kir)-yar), adv. leaning. See takiqyaij.

ka-bas', cont. of kabaza ; kabas iyeya.

ka-bas', cont. of kabaia ; kaba^ yaqka, he keeps at
it.

KAB

110

KAG

ka-ba'-za, v. a. to throw up, as cattle do earth :

maka kabaza, to paw up dust.
ka-lja'-za, v. a. to work at a difficult thing, Iceep

at worlc at a thing though hardly able to do so, —

wakabaia, uijkabaiapi.
ka-bu', V. a. to heat, as on a drum ; to knock, as

on a door, — wakabu, uqkabupi.
ka-bu'-bu, v. red. of kabu ; to heat or knock

often, — wakabubu.
ka-bu'-bu-ya, adv. red. of kabuya ; knocking.
ka-bu'-ya, adv. striking, knocking : kabuya

waui), / keep knocking.
ka-ea', a negative suffix ; not ; as, wastekada, it is

not good.
ka-ea', v. a. of kata ; to loarm, heat. See kanya,

which seems to be the preferable form.
ka-6a'-es, intj. of doubt ; is it possible !
ka-eai)', v. a. to shake, clean by shaking or blow-
ing, as the Dakotas do daqsasa, — wakacaij.
ka-ear)'-ear), v. a. red. of kacaij and also of cai)-

cai) ; to make tremble or shake, — wakac'aijcag.
ka-car)'-ear)-yar), adv. shaking.
ka-ear)'-ear)-ye-dai), adv. shaking, shivering

with cold.
ka-6ar)'-nan, v. a. to push out from shore with a

paddle, — wakacaijnan : kac'aqnan iyeya, to blow

out into the river.
ka-cas', intj. of doubt or hesitation ; what then !

what of it !
ka-ce', pron. tuwe kace, any one.
ka-eeg', cont. of kao'eka ; kaceg iyeya, to make

stagger by striking.
ka-eeg'-eeg-ya, adv. red. of kacegya.
ka-eeg'-ya, adv. staggering, in a staggering man-
ner : kacegya mani, he walks staggeringly.
ka-ee'-ka, v. a. to strike and make stagger, — wa-

kaceka.
ka-cen', adv. tuwe kacen, any one, no matter

who ; tokiya kacen, no matter wJiere ; about that,

somewhere near that, as, opawi;)ge kacen, about

one hundred.
ka-een'-ya, adv. about, nearly.
ka-ee'-ya, v. a. to make cry by striking, —

wakadeya, uijkaceyapi, makaceya.
ka-ci'-ka-dag, v. a. to make small by chopping

off, — wakacikadai).
ka-ei'-ka-ye-dar), v. a. to make small by strik-
ing,— wakacikayedai).
ka-ei'-stil)-na, v. a. to make small by cutting.
ka-eo'-6o, v. a. to mix up, as moilar, to make a

noise, as in mixing mortar, — wakacoco.
ka-eo'-za, v. a. to make warm by striking : wa-

kacoza kta wa^kaq hecen wakadoza, / struck him

for the purpose of warming him, in this way I

made him warm.

ka-da', v. a. to spill, scatter, to pour or throw out ;

to throw broadcast, to sow, as grain ; not applied

to liquids, — wakada, yakada, uqkadapi : kada

iyeya, and kada ehpeya, he goes on scattering.
ka-da'-da, v. red. of kada ; to spill, scatter ; to

sow, throw broadcast, as grain, — wakadada : ka-

dada ehpeya, and kadada iyeya, he scatters along.
ka-dem'-de-pa, v. red. of kadepa ; to notch by

cutting, — wakademdepa.
ka-de'-pa, v. a. to cut a notch in, — wakadepa.

See kademdepa.
ka-do', n. the diamond in cards. It is the French

word, carreau.
ka-dom', cont. of kadopa ; kadom iyaya, to mire.
ka-dom'-dom, red. of kadom ; miring, wading,

as a horse in mud : kadomdom iyaya, he goes on

wading.
ka-dom'-do-pa, v. red. of kadopa.
ka-dom'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to mire, — ^kadom-

wakiya.
ka-dom'-ya, v. a. to cause to mire, — ^kadom-

waya.
ka-dom'-ya, adv. miring.
ka-do'-pa, v. n. to mire, stick in the mud, — wa-

kadopa.
ka-du', V. a. to blow or brush away a little with

the hand, — wakadu.
ka-du'-dar)-ka, v. of kadu ; to blow a little ;

also said of a child who walks with difficulty,

and puffs and blows as he goes along, — wakadu-

daijka.
ka-du'-ga, v. a. to fan, winnow, clean by winnow-
ing,— wakaduga, uqkadugapi.
ka-duf , cont. of kaduga ; kaduh iyeya.
ka-duh'-ki-ya, v. n. to cause to winnow, — ka-

dulwakiya.
ka-duh'-ya, v. a. to cause to fan or winnow, —

kaduhwaya.
ha-duh'-ya, adv. imnnowing.
ka-dus', cont. of kaduza.

ka-dus'-ya, v. a., to cause to flow, — kaduswaya.
ka-dus'-ya, adv. flowing, swiftly : kadusya

waijka, it is flowing on.
ka-du'-za, v. n. to flow, run, as water ; to run

swiftly. Hence, minicaduza, sicift-running water.
ka'-e, pron. that is he : tuwe kae, that one, any

one.
ka-e'-ee-tu, v. a. to make right or accomplish by

striking, — wakaedetu.
ka-e'-es, pron. that one, even such.
ka'-es, pron. that one : kaes nakuij ope kta, even

he will go along.
ka'-ga, V. a. to make, form ; to cause to be, be the

cause or author of ; to execute, — wakaga, yakaga,

uijkagapi, makaga, nicaga, didaga.

KAG

Hi

KAH

ka-gam', cont. of kagapa ; kagam iyeya, to make

spread out or open by cutting.
ka-gam'-ya, adv. gaping open, as a wound.
ka-gan'-ga-ta, adv. red. of kagata.
ka-gai)', V. n. to open, make an opening in; to

come through, as the wind through one's clothes ;

kagaq hiyumayai), it blows through my clothes.
ka-gar)'-gar)-yar), adv. red. of kagaijyai).
ka-gai)'-yar), adv. open, spread out.
ka-ga'-pa, v. a. to cut, spread open by cutting ;

to spread open, — wakagapa, uijkagapapi.
ka-ga'-ta, adv. spread out, as the hands or fin-
gers.
ka-gat'-ki-ya, adv. spread out, stretched out, as

the hand or arm.
ka'-ge, V. a. Same as kaga.
ka-ge', V. a. to skim off, as grease from a pot, —

wakage, uijkagepi.
ka-ge '-ge, v. a. to sew ; to sew or mend together,

as an old kettle, — wakagege, uqkagegepi.
ka-gi', V. to stop one's progress, to be in one's way,

as a river ; not to be able to proceed, — wakagi,

uijkagipi, makagi, nicagi. See ic'agi.
ka-gi'-sni, adv. without obstruction : kagisni

iyaya, to pass on toithout obstruction.
ka-gi'-ya, v. a. to hinder, obstruct, make go slow,

— kagiwaya, kagiu^yaijpi, kagimaya;).
ka-gi'-ya, adv. hindering: kagiya waui).
ka-go', V. a. to mark, to make marks, cuts, or gashes

in one's Jlesh, as in mourning ; to draw a line, —

wakago. See also idago.
ka-go'-pa, V. a. to strike one asleep, to wake partly

up and make snore, — wakagopa. See gopa.
ka-gug', cont. of kaguka ; kagug iyeya.
ka-gug'-ya, adv. kagugya hnaka, to lay up to

dry.
ka-gu'-ka, v. a. to lengthen a little by striking ;

to sprain, strain, as a tendon,— wakaguka.
ka-ha', v. kaha iyeya, and kaha ehpeya, to put

out of the way, shove aside ; to blow down, drive

along, as the wind does ; to turn up, as the brim

of one's hat.
ka-han', adv. to this, at this, thus far.
ka-han'-han, adv. red. of kahan.
ka-han'-tu, adv. to that, so far, so Ion//.
ka-han'-tu-ke, adv. this once, now then.
ka-han '-tu-y a, adv. so far.
ka-har)'-har)-ke-ea, adv. red. of kahaqkec'a.
ka-har)'-har)-yar), adv. red. of kahai)yar).
ka-har)'-ke-ca, adv. so long.
ka-harj'-na, adv. only so far, so long.
ka-har)'-yai), adv. thus far.
ka-har)'-yar)-ka, adv. some distance off, as in

counting relationship. See akahar)yaijka.
ka-ha'-ya, v. a. to push down ; to push or turnup.

ka-hba', v. a. to pound out, thresh, as grain, —

wakahba, uigkahbapi.
ka-hda', v. a. of ahda ; to take home to one, —

wakahda, ui)kahdapi.
ka-hda', v. n. to stretch out at full length, un-
coil, as a snake : kahda waijko, he lies uncoiled.
ka-hda', adv. by the side of, near to : wakpa

kahda, by the river.
ka-hda'-ya, adv. by the side of.
ka-hde'-ga, v. a. to mark across, make in stripes

or figures, make rough, — wakahdega.
ka-hde'-hde-ga, v. red. of kahdega; to make

stripes across by cutting.
ka-hde'-hde-za, v. red. of kahdeza.
ka-hde'-za, v. a. to mark across or around by

cutting, make in stripes or figures, — wakahdeza.
ka-hdi', v. a. of ahdi ; to bring home to one, —

wakahdi, uqkahdipi, makahdi.
ka-hdog', cont. of kahdoka ; kahdog iyeya.
ka-hdo'-ka, v. a. to dislocate, put out of joint by

striking, — wakahdoka.
ka-hi', V. a. of ahi ; to bring to one, to have brought

to one, — wakahi, ugkahipi, makahi, nidahi, ci-

cahi.
ka-hi', V. a. to stir ; to rummage, — wakahi.
ka-hin', cont. of kahiqta ; kahin iyeya, and kahin

ehpeya, to brush or sweep off.
ka-hii)'-ta, v. a. to sweep or brush up, as a floor,

— wakahiijta, ur)kahii)tapi : to drive or sweep off,

as the wind does dust.
ka-hir)'-to-k£Lm, adv. forward, in advance, as of

a travelling party : kahiijtokam hdi, to come home

before the rest ; kahiijtokam mani, to walk in ad-
vance ; kahiritokam ya, to go before, prepare or

break the way.
ka-hir)'-to-ka-pa, n. one who walks before. See

kahiritokam.
ka-hmi'-hma, v. a. to roll along, make roll by

striking, — wakahmihma.
ka-hmi'-yaQ-yaX), v. a. to make round by strik-
ing, as a ball, — wakahmiyagyai).
ka-hna', v. a. to shake off, i\s. fruit from a tree, by

striking, — wakahna, uijkahnapi.
ka-hna'-yar), v. a. of hnayai) ; to miss in at-

temjjling to strike, — wakahnayai).
ka-ho'-ho, v. a. to strike and knock loose, as a

tooth, or a stick set in the ground, — wakahoho.
ka-ho'-ho-dar), v. Same as kahoho.
ka-ho'-mni, v. a. to turn round, as a wheel,

by striking ; to spin, as a top, — wakahomni, ui)-

kahomnipi : to turn, as water or wind does a

mill-wheel.
ka-ho'-toi), v.a. to make bawl out by sii-iking, —

wakahotoi).
ka-hu'-hus, cont. of kahuhuza ; kahuhus iyeya.

KAH

112

KAH

ka-hu'-hus-ya, adv. shaking ; kahuhusya hai),

it stands shaking.
ka-hu'-hu-za, v. a. to shake, as a tree or house,

hy striking, — wakaliuhuza, ugkahuhuzapi : to

shake, as the wind does trees, etc.
ka-hu'-kun, a!c?r;. down: kahukun iyeya, to put

down hy striking.
ka-hu'-kun-^wa-pa, adv. down a little.
ka-hu'-te, v. a. to wear to a stump hy striking,

as an axe, — wakahute, u^kahutepi.
ka-hu'-te-dar), v. Same as kahute.
ka-hu'-te-dar), part, worn to a stump.
ka-hu'-to-ska, v. a. to make large at one end, as

a hutinacute, — wakahuto^ka.
kah, cont. of kaga ; kah aya, to continue mak-
ing.
ka-ta', V. a. to curl, to knot ; to make rough or

notch hy striking, — wakaha.
ka-B.a', n. a curl, a knot.
ka-hag', cont. prob. of kahaka, which is not now

used : kahagpicasni, untamable, ungovernable,

as a wild horse.
ka-lia'-ha, v. n. red. of kaha; to curl up, as

flame ; to sparkle or send up sparks.
ka-li'a'-kpa, v. a. to notch, make a hollow place

by cutting with an axe, — wakah'akpa.
ka-ham', cont. of kahapa ; kaham aya, to drive

along, as cattle or horses.
ka-Etam'-ha-pa, v. red. of kahapa ; to heat

against and make a rustling noise, as the wind

blowing against grass.
ka-]iai)'-hi-ya, adv. a little slower, slowly.
ka-lia'-pa, v. a. to drive along ; to whip, drive

by whipping, — wakahapa, ugkahapapi.
ka-R'a'-tpa, v. Same as kah'akpa.
ka-liba', v. a. (ka and hba) to make sleepy hy

shaking, — wakahba.
ka-hljog', cont. of kahboka ; kalibog iyaya, it has

drifted off.
ka-tbog'-ya, v. a. to cause to drift ; to wave, as

a flag, — kahbogwaya.
ka-fbog'-ya, adv. drifting, waving.
ka-hbo'-hbo-ka, v. red. of kahboka.
ka-Rbo'-ka, v. n. to drift along, as wood on

water, to be driven along by the current ; to wave

infolds, as a flag.
ka-hbo'-ka, w. a drift, a float.
ka'-hei, v. a. to gap, break a gap in, as in the

edge of an axe, — wakahc'i, yakahci, uijkahdipi.
ka-hei'-tei, v. red. of kahci ; to break out gaps

from the edge of an axe, — wakahcihdi.
ka-Rei'-ya, v. a. to cause one to break a gap in

an axe, — kahciwaya.
ka-lida', v. a. to rattle or make soutid by strik-
ing,— wakahda, ugkahdapi.

ka-Ma'-gar), v. n. to lengthen out, become long,

extend : kahdagai) yeya, to give away what has

been given one.
ka-Eidah', cont. of kahdagaij ; kahdah aya, it

lengthens out.
ka-hda'-:&da, v. red. of kahda ; to rattle,— ym-

kahdahda.
ka-hda'-lida-gai), v. red. of kahdagaij.
ka-hda'-lidah, cont. of kaidahdagari.
ha-ttda'-lidah-ya, adv. lengthening out : ka-

hdahdahya aya, to become long or lengthen out,

as the days.
ka-Rda'-ta, v. a. to dig under, undermine, make

large at the bottom, as a corn-hole ; to get one's

fish-hook /as< on any thing, — wakahdata.
ka-hda'-ya, v. a. to cause one to ring or rattle,

— kahdawaya.
ka-hda'-ya, v. n. to fall of, as a sticking plaster ;

to come off, as paint or plaster, in scales, to scale

off.
ka-hde'-ea, v. a. to split open ; to break in, as

the skull, to fracture ; to tear hy smiting, — waka-

hdec'a, uijkahdec'api.
ka-hde'-lide-ea, v. red. of kahdeca ; to break in,

as the skull, to fracture, — wakahdehdec'a.
ka-hden', cont. of kahdeca ; kahden iyeya.
ka-Rden'-ya, v. a. to cause to fracture, — kahden-

waya.

ka-tdi', V. n. to mire, stick in the mvd, — waka-
Mi.

ka-Bidi'-hdl, v. red. of kahdi.

ka-hdi'-ya, v. a. to cause to mire, — kahdiwaya.

ka-hdog', cont. of kahdoka ; kahdog iyeya, to
knock a hole in, to shoot a hole in.

ka-lidog'-ya, v. a. to cause to make a hole in, —
kahdogwaya.

ka-hdo'-hdo-ka, v. red. of kahdoka.

ka-fido'-ka, v. a. to cut or break a hole in any
thing, with an axe, club, etc., or by striking ; to
break open ; to make a mortice, cut a hole with a
chisel ; to dress an animal hy cutting the flesh
from the bones. Hence, takahdoka, the flesh
of a deer without the bones.

ka-Rem', cont. of kahepa ; kahem ehpeya, to
empty by lading out, used only of liquids.

ka-he'-pa, v. a. to hail out, throw out, as water
until it is all gone, — wakahepa.

ka-Re'-ya-ta, adv. back, on one side : kaheyata
iyeya, to shove or throw back or to one side.

ka-hi'-ca, v. a. to wake up hy striking, — waka-
hica.

kaBi-in', adv. of kahita ; bent forward, stooping
do'wn ; kahin inaziij, to stoop down, dodge, to
stand bent forward, as a hunter does when
approaching his game, — kahin inawazig, .

KAH

113

KAI

kaBi-i'-ta, adv. kahita se mani, lo xoalk with the
head down.

kah-i'-te-6a, adv. not well made, unfinished;
i. q. kahitesiii.

kah-i'-te-sni, adv. not well : taku kagapi soka
sic'a ocoi)pi kii) he kaliitesni, lohat is made
clumsili/ and badly is called kahitesni.

kaR-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to mak?, — kahwakiya.

ka-limir)', n. on inside corner ; a bend in a river,
a bay ; a point of land, etc.

ka-hmui)', v. a. to make buzz, to whirl and cause
to mak? a noise, — wakatmui).

ka-hmurj'-hmur), r. red. of kaHmuq.

ka-hmug'-hmuij-yai), adv. buzzing.

ka-hm.ur)'-yar), adv. whirring, buzzing.

kah-ni'-ga, v. a. to choose, make choice of, select,
elect ; to appoint, — wakahniga, yakaliniga, ui)-
kainigapi, cicahniga, makahniga.

kah-nili', cont. of kahniga ; kahnih ic'ii, to lake
one's choice.

kah-nlh'-kl-ya, v. a. to cause to choose, — kah-
nihwakiya.

kaft-niBi'-iii-ga, v. red. of kaRniga.

kah-nih'-iiili, cont. of kaliniliniga.
' kafi-nili'-ya, adv. choosing.

ka-hon', cont. of kahota ; kaion aya, to make
rough marks ; to inake prints, as in walking on
burnt prairie.

kah-o'-ya, v. n. to sail, glide in the air, as a
hawk.

kah-o'-ya, adv. gliding : kahoya iyeya, to
throw, toss, fling.

ka-hpa', V. a. to cover (see aka£.pa) ; to throw or
knock down any thing hanging up ; to strike, take
down, as a tent, — wakahpa, uqkahpapi ; wihda-
hpa.

ka-hpa'-hpa, v. red. of kahpa ; to strike and
make pieces fly off, as from wood or ice ; to make
chips, — wakahpahpa.

ka-lipe'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to knock doum, —
kahpewakiya.

ka-hpu', V. a. to knock off, as something stick-
ing ; to knock down, as swallows' nests ; to scale
off, — wakafipu, uqkalipupi.

ka-hpu'-hpu, V. red. of kahpu.

ka-hpu'-y a, adv. scaling off, falling off.

ka-Ma'-ka, v. See icaitaka.

ka-Mai)', v. n. to soak up ; to soak in, as grease
in wood ; to spread, as disease in the body, — ma-
kaitai) : kahtai) iyaya, it has penetrated.

ka-btar)'-ka, v. to be attached to, have an affec-
tion for, as one animal has for another.

ka-litar)'-yar), v. a. to cause to spread, as grease.

ka-Ma'-ta, v. to enfeeble, make unwell by strik-
ing,— wakahtati; to be enfeebled, — makafitata.
16

ka-htu'-te-sni, adv. not well made, i. q. kahite-
sni.

ka-fi.u', V. a. to peel, as bark ; to peel off', take off
the rind from any hard substance, — wakahu.

ka-hu'-ga, V. a. to break up or break in, as the
skull, by striking ; to stave or knock in, as a bar-
rel head, — wakahuga : pa makahuga, he has
broken in my skull.

ka-fiuBi', cont. of kahuga ; kahuh iyeya.

ka-huh'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to break or knock
in, — kahuh w akiy a.

ka-hu'-Ru, V. red. of kahu ; to make rough by
breaking the bark or skiri in many places, — wa-
kahuhu.

ka-liu'-hu-ga, v. red. of kahuga.

ka-huR'-ya, adv. breaking or staving in.

kaR-ya', n. of kaga ; make, kind, sort.

kaR-ya', adv. made like, like : wakiyedai) kahya,
in the form of a dove.

ka-i', t'. a. to take to one, — wakai, uqkaipi, makai,
cicai.

ka-i'-de, v. to make blaze, as the wind does fire.

ka-l'-ge-ZU-ya, adv. crowding in.

ka-i'-pa-tku-ga, v. a. to strike into a line.

ka-i'-pa-tkuR-ya, adv. in a line fronting : kai-
patkuhya aya, they go into a line.

ka-i'-sta-mi-ni-o-ge-i-ye-ya, v. to bring tears
into one's eyes, as the wind does, — kaistaminioge
iyemayag.

ka-i'-sto-mi-ni-is-l-ye-ya, v. to bring tears
into one's eyes, as the wind does, — kai^tominiis
iyemayai).

ka-i'-su-ta, v. kai^uta hiijhda, to stumble, make
a miss step, — kaisuta mahiqhda.

ka-l'-su-ta-ta, v. kai^utata iyaya, to slip, miss
step, stumble, — kai^utata imdamda.

ka-i'-tar)-war)-kar)-hde, adv. up hill, ascend-
ing.

ka-i'-tai)-'war)-ka^)-hde-ya, adv. up hill ;
kaitai)wai)kai)hdeya waijka, it lies in an ascend-
ing manner.

ka-i'-te-kpas, cont. of kaitekpaza ; kaitekpas
iyeya.

ka-i'-te-kpa-za, v. a. to bring darkness over for
a little while by smiting, to stun by striking, —
wakaitekpaza.

ka-i'-tem, adv. diagonally, not straight.

ka-i'-tem-ya, adv. crosswise, slanting, dia-
gonally : kaitemya kaksa, to cut diagonally.

ka-i'-te-pa, v. a. to cut diagonally, — wakaitepa.

ka-i'-tko-klm, adv. with the face towards one,
meeting.

ka-i'-tko-kim-ya, adv. facing one.

ka-i'-tko-ki-pa-tar)-haQ, adv. opposite to, front-
ing one.

^.Al

114

KAK

ka-i'-tkom, adv. back again : kaiktom lidihpa-

ya, to fall back again, rebound.
ka-i'-tkoiu-ya, adv. opposite but a little to one

side, not looking quite straight at one : \vi kai-

tkomya yai)ka, the middle of the forenoon.
ka-i'-yog, cont. of kaiyoka ; kaiyog iyeya, to put

out of the wag, shove to one side.
ka-i'-yog-ya, udv. out at one side.
ka-i'-yo-ka, adv. See kaiyog.
ka-i'-yo-tar), adv. immoderately : kaiyotai) yeya,

to make one do more by forbidding, — kaiyotai)

yewaya.
ka-i'-yo-tar)g, cont. of kaiyotaijka ; kaiyota^jg

hdihpaya, to fall down in attempting to he

seated.
ka-i'-yo-tar)-ka, v. kaiyotaijka hdiipaya, to fall

down when being seated.
ka-i'-yo-"was, cont. of kaiyowaza ; kaiyowas

iyeya, to cause an echo by striking.
ka-i'-yo-TWa-za, v. a. to make an echo by strik-
ing, make resound, — wakaiyowaza, ui)kaiyowa-

zapi.
ka-ka', pron. and adv. that, there.
ka'-ka, adj. stiff, rattling, as a stiff hide wlien

beaten ; sounding dull, as a bell sometimes does.
ka-kag', cont. of kakaka ; kakag biijhda, to

sound, rattle, like an old kettle when shaken with

stones in it.
ka-kag'-ya, adv. rattling, as an old kettle when

shaken.
ka-kag'-ya-ken, adv. rattling.
ka-ka'-ka, v. a. to make a dull noise by beating

an old kettle or a stiff hide, — wakakaka.
ka-kai)', v. a. to hew, as a log, to adze ; to knock

off, as fruit, — wakakaij, uijkakaijpi. See kahna

and kasna.
ka-kar)'-pi-dar), n. a species of choke-cherry.
ka-ka'-til), v. a. to straighten out by striking, —

wakakatii).
ka-ka'-'wa, v. a. to make ogew by striking, —

wakakawa.
ka-kca', v. a. to comb, as hair, to disentangle, —

wakakca, yakakda, uijkakcapi.
ka'-ke-ca, adv. in this manner, thus, so : kakeca

epce sni, / did not think it was so.
ka'-ke-ea, adj. stiff, making a noise when felt

or handled, as parchment.
ka'-ken, adv. so, thus : kaken ecoi) wo, do it in

this manner.
ka'-ken-ya, adv. thus, so.
ka-kes'-tor), v. a. to make barbed, as an arrow, —

kakeswatog.
ka-kes', adv. ur)ma tukte kakes, whatever one, rw

matter which ; toketu kakes, at randorfi.
Jta'-ke-tu, adv. in this way, so, thus.

ka'-ke-tu-ya, adv. so, thus.

ka-ki', v. a. of aki ; to have taken home to one,

— wakaki, iiqkakipi.
ka'-ki, adv. there, yonder.
ka-ki'-ki-ta, v. a. to make tough by pounding, —

wakakikita. See kikita.
ka-kin', cont. of kakiqda and kakiqta; kakin

iyeya, to scrape off.
ka-kir)'-ca, v, a. to scrape, as hair from a hog or

scales from a fish, — wakakiijca, 3'akakirica, uij-

kakiqc'api.
ka-kir)s', cont. of kakii)za ; kakiijs iyeya.
ka-kiijs'-kiij-za, v. red. of kakiqza.
ka-kir)'-ta, v. a. to scrape, clean. See kakiqoa.
ka-kir)'-za, v. to make creak, as the wind does

trees ; to creak, as a cart-wheel not greased.
ka-ki '-pa, v. of kapa ; to surpass, excel one, —

kawakipa, kauijkipapi.
ka-kis', cont. of kakiza.

ka-kis'-ya, t'. a. to inffict, make suffer ; to pun-
ish, inflict punishment, — kakiswaya.
ka-kis'-ya, adv. afflicted, suffering.
ka-kis '-ya-ken, adv. in a state of suffering :

kakisyaken wauq, / am suffering.
ka'-ki-ya, adv. yonder, there.
ka'-ki-ya-tar)-har), adv. from yonder place ; on

this wise, in this way, by this means.
ka-ki'-yo-tar), adv. in that direction.
ka-ki'-yo-tar)-na-i-ye-ya, v. it stretches up in

this way, said of any thing high, as a tall tree.
ka-ki'-za, v. n. to suffer, be afflicted ; to be sick

a long time, — makakiza, nicakiza,
ka-ki'-za, adj. suffering, afflicted.
ka-kog', cont. of kakoka ; kakog liiijhda?.
ka-kog'-ya, adv. rattling.
ka-kog'-ya-ken, adv. rattling.
ka-ko'-ka, v. a. to rattle, as a cow-bell ; to make

rattle by striking, — wakatoka.
ka-ko'-kam, adv. around, across, before : kakp-

kam ya, to go around, to hedge up the way, as in

chasing buffalo, — kakokam mda.
ka-ko'-ko-ka, v. red. of kakoka.
ka-kog '-kor)-ta, v. a. rec?. of kakorita ; to hollow

out in grooves or ridges, — wakakojjkoqta.
ka-kor)'-ta, v. a. to cut in ridges, — wakakogta.
ka-ko'-ya-haoQ-na, adv. hurrying, hastening a

little : kakoyahaijna ecaraoi), / have done it in

somewhat of .a hurry.
ka-kpa', v. a. to shoot through, as an arrow

through an animal ; to strike, make a hole in,

as, kaijkakpa, to cut a vein, to bleed a person.
ka-kpar)', v. a. to beat fine, mash up; to wink,

as the eye, — wakakpai). See istakakpag.
ka-kpi', V. a. to crack or break, as a nut, — waka-

kpi.

K A K

IIT)

KAM

ka-ksa', v. «. to cut off wilh an axe or hy strik-
ing,— wakaksa, yakaksa, uijkaksapi.

ka-ksa'-ksa, v. red. of kaksa ; to cut off often ;
to cut up, as wood for the lire, — wakaksaksa.

ka-ksi'-za, n. a ravine, hollow, loio place, gully,
with or without water.

ka-ksa', v. a. to toind, as yarn ; to fold up, — wa-
kaksa, uijkaksapi.

ka-ksa', adv. coiled up : kaksa waijka, it lies
coiled up.

ka-ksa'-dar), adv. coiled up.

ka-ksa'-ksa, adv. red. of kaksa ; coiled up, in
coils, rolled round.

ka-ksar)', v. a. to hend, bend up, — wakak^ai), ui)-
kaksai)pi.

ka-ksar) '-ksar), adv. crookedly, in a zigzag man-
ner : kaksai)ksai) iqj^aqka, he runs crookedly.

ka-ksi'-ksi-za, v. red. of kakiiia.

ka-ksis', cont. of kak^iia ; kaksis iyeya, to dou-
ble up.

ka-ksis'-ya, v. a. to cause to shut up, — kaksi^-
waya.

ka-ksi'-za, v. a. to bend up, double up by strik-
ing ; to shut up, as a pocket-knife, — waka-
k^ia.

ka-ktar)', v. a. to bend by striking, — wakaktai).

ka-ktar)'-ktai), v. red. of kaktaij.

ka-ktar) '-yar), adv. bending.

ka-kti'-hai), adv. stumbling, tottering.

ka-kti'-har)-har), adv. red. of kaktihai) ; stum-
bling, tottering : kaktihaijhai) mani, to walk in a
staggering manner.

ka-kti'-har)-har)-yar), adv. stumblingly.

ka-kti'-haij-yar), v. a. to cause to stumble along,
— kaktihai) waya.

ka-ku', V. a. of aku ; to start to bring home to
one, — wakaku, uqkakupi, makaku.

ka-ku'-ka, v. a. to pound to pieces, make rotten
by pounding, — wakakuka, uqkakukapi.

ka-kur)'-kur)-ta, v. a. to cut in ridges, — waka-
kui)kui)ta.

ka-kur)'-ta, v. a. to cut a groove in, — wakakui)ta.

ka-kur)'-tkur)-ta, v. a. Same as kakuqkuqta.

ka-ke'-ga, v. a. to make a grating noise, — waka-
iega.

ka-kes', cont. of kakeza ; kak:es iyeya, to blow
off and leave bare and hard, as when the wind
blows- the snow from the ground.

ka-ke'-za, v. n. to leave hard and bare, as the
wind does the ground.

ka-ko'-^a, v. a. to scrape, as a turnip, — waka-

ka-koh', cont. of kaljoga ; tipsigna Va\oYi yutapi,

scraping turnips they eat them.
ka-kos'. cont. of kakoza ; ka^os iveva.

ka-ko'-za, v. a. to make hard, to leave hard and
I bare, as the wind does the ground ; to beat hard,

— wakalcoza.
: ka-mda', v. a. to make smooth by cutting ; to
I slice up, as meat for drying ; to cut up, as bread,
! — wakanida, uijkamdapi.

j ka-mda'-pi, )«. something cut up in slices or thin
; pieces, as meat for drying.
'•■ ka-mdas', cont. of kaindaza ; kumdas iyeya.
; ka-mda'-ska, t'. a. to flatten by beating, — waka-

mdaska, uijkamdaskapi.
I ka-mdas '-ki-y a, v. a. to cause to rip or burst
open, — kamdaswakiya.
ka-mdas', cont. of kamdaza; kamdas inaiiij, to

stand astride of any thing.
ka-mdas'-ya, v. a. to cause to straddle.— ki\-

milaswiiya.
ka-mda'-ya, v. a. to make level or smooth by
beating ; to spread out, as a piece of cloth ; to
open or sjvead out, as the hand, — wakamdava.
ka-mda'-za, v. a. to make rip open or burst by
striking or throwing down, as a bag of corn, —
wakamdazis.
ka-rada'-za, v. a. to spread open, as the logs ; to

straddle, — wakamdaia.
ka-mde'-ea, v. a. to break by throwing down or
striking, as glass, plates, etc., — wakamdec'a, yaka-
radoca, uijkamdecapi.
ka-mde'-mde-ea, v. a. red. of kamdec'a; to

break to pieces, — wakamdcmde(!a.
ka-mde'-mden, cont. of kamdemdeca.
ka-mden', cont. of kamdec'a ; kamden iyeya,
and kamden ehpeya, to throio down and break to
pieces.
ka-mden'-ki-ya, v. a,, to cause to break, — ka-

mdenwakiya.
ka-mden'-ya, v. a. to cause to break to pieces.
\ ka-mdes', cont. of kamdeza.

i ka-mdes'-ya, v. a. to cause to be clear, cause to
clear off, as the wind does fog.
ka-mde'-za, v. n. to become clear, clear off] as a
fog clears away : aijpao kamdeza. vdien things are
again visible, daylight, the dawn.
ka-mde'-ze-sni, to be unable to see ; said when
there is a fog or darkness, and things are not
visible : kamdeze^ni ehpeya, to stun, knock Sense-
less.
ka-mdu', v. a. to pound fine ; to stir up and
granulate, as sugar, to make fine by stirring, —
wakamdu, uqkamdupi.
ka-mdu', v. n. to blossotn, open out, as flowers ;
to decrease, as the moon after its full : kamdu
idu, it is decreasing.
ka-mdu'-kl-ya, r. a. to cause to make Jine, — -
kainduwakiva.

K A M

11(5

K A < »

ka-mdu'-mdu, i'. red. of kamdu.

ka-mdu'-pi, n. something fine, as powdered sugar.

ka-mdu'-ya, v. a. to cause to make fine, — ka-

mduwaya.
ka-mi'-ma, r. a. to make round, as a wheel, with

an axe, — wakamima.
ka-mi'-ni-o-ge-i-ye'-ya, v. to brinrf tears in

one's eyes, as the wind does. .See kai^taminioge-

iyeya. '
ka-mna', v. a. to collect, gather ; to get, procure,

obtain ; to break out, as a piece from the edge of

an axe ; to rip, as a seam, come open, — wakarana,

yakamna, uqkamnaripi.
ka-mna'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to get or obtain, —

kamnawakiya.
ka-mna'-yar), v. a. to cause to get or obtain, —

kamnawaya, kamnauijyaqpi.
ka-mili', v. a. to make level or clear away, as a

place to put a tent ; to break a piece out, as from

the edge of an axe, — wakamni.
ka-mni'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to clear away, etc.
ka-mni'-nini, v. n. to hang loosely, dangle,

swing, as a blanket on one's shoulders.
ka-mni'-nuii-na, n. ear-drops, such as are always

dangling, made of a triangular shape.
kan, adv. there, yonder, i. e. kakiya.
kan, cont. of kata ; kan idu, it becomes hot.
ka'-na, pron. pi. these, those.
ka-na'-ke, adv. leaning, likely to fall; i. q.

owotaijna yai)ke ^ni.
ka-na'-ke-ea, adv. so many, so much, all these.
ka-na'-ke-se}^, adv. so m.any.
ka-na'-ke-ya, adv. likely to fall : kanakeya

hiyaya, it has become leaning.
ka-na'-kl-y a, adv. all these, so many, in so many

ways.
ka-na'-na, adv. only these, only so many.
ka-nmi'-nma, v. a. to roll, make roll, as a ball,

by striking, — wakanminma. See kahmihma.
kan-ya', v. a. to warm or heat by the fire, — kan-

waya : kani^iya, to warm oneself.
kai), w. a vein, artery; a sinew, tendon, i. q. takaq ;

the nerves ; a cord, string. See ikai).
kar), adj. aged, — makaij, nikai), UQkaijpi.
kai)-di', n. the buffalo-fish.
kar)-gl', the raven.
kar)-gi'-ka-ga-pi, n. a half-dollar, so called from

its emblem, the eagle, which the Dakotas thought

was a raven.
kar)-h.ai)', adv. dangling, tattered, old.
kar)-har)'-har), adv. dangling, tattered, ragged.
k£ir)-he'-ea, adj. ragged, tattered, as one's clothes,

— makaqheda.
kai)-he'-za, adj. poor, distressed, feeble, sick, —

makaqhei«.

kar)-he'-za-ka, adj. Same as kai)he;4a.

kar)-i'-ea-kpe, n. (kaij and kakpa) a lancet.

karj-i'-ea-tpe, n. a vein-cutter, a lancet.

kar)-i'-ta, v. to die of old age, — kai)imata.

kar)'-i-ya-pa, n. the pulse, the beating of the
pulse.

kaT)-ka''kpa, v. a. to cut a vein, bleed one, —
kai)wakakpa.

kar)-kar)', adj. gouged, uneven.

kar)-ka'-tpa, v. a. Same as kaqkakpa.

kai)-ke'-tar)-ka, n. the large red-headed wood-
pecker.

kar)-ki'-ea-kpa, v. a. to strike a vein for one,
bleed one, — kaijwedakpa, kai)yecakpa, kai)ui)ki-
cakpapi, kaqmicakpa, kaijcicakpa.

kar)-ki'-ea-tpa, v. a. Same kaqkidakpa.

kar)'-na-hmur)-kl-ya, v. a. to draw up tight, as
a bow-string, — kaqnahmuijwakiya.

kai)'-na-ti-pa, v. n. to draw up, to cramp, as the
nerves or muscles.

kar)-pe'-ska, n. round white medals slightly
curved, worn by the Indians on their necks ; an
excrescence growing on trees, fungus. See caij-
kaqpeska. Kaijpeska mde, Kanpaska lake, on the
Coteau des Prairies, at the head of the Big Sioux
river.

kai)-su', n. plum-stones, i. q. kaqta su.

kar)-su'-ku-te, v. a. to shoot plum-stones, to
gamble ; to play cards, — kaqsuwakute.

kar)-su'-ku.-te-pi, w. shooting plum-stones, gam-
bling ; playing cards. Hence, minihuha kai)su-
kutepi, playing-cards.

kar)'-ta, n. a plum, plums.

kar)'-ta-hu and kaij-tu'-hix, n. plum-bushes.

kar)-ye', adv. inwards, towards the centre, to-
wards a river or lake or fire from one ; opposed
to lieyata.

kar)-ye'-har), adv. See kayehag.

kar)-ye'-ki-ya, adv. inwards, below.

kar)-ye'-tar)-har), adv. on tJie inside of

kar)-ye'-wa-pa, adv. within, towards the centre.

ka-o'-ei-kpa-ni, adv. unequal, of different sizes.

ka-o'-ei-kpa-ni-yar), adv. unequally : kaodi-
kpaniyai) kagapi, they are made not alike.

ka-o'-ci-pte-ca, adv. not equal. Not much
used.

ka-o'-ci-pten, adv. unequal, one large and one
small, diminishing or increasing in size.

ka-o'-ei-pten-ya, adv. unequally.

ka-o'-ci-pte-tu, adv. unequal in size, etc.

ka-o'-ei-tpa-nl, adv. Same as kaodikpani.

ka-o'-hda-psir), adv. bottom side up, turned over :
kaohdapsii) ehpeya, to turn bottom up.

ka-o'-hda-psiq-yai), adv. turned over, bottom
tide up.

KAO

117

K A r

ka-o'-har)-ko, v. a. of oliaijko; to strike and

make work fast, — wakaohaijko.
ka-o'-hmi, v. a. to whirl, throw obliquely, — wa-

kaohmi. Same as kaoimii).
ka-o'-hmlr), v. a. to cause to move ohliquely, —

wakaoliraii).
ka-o'-hmiQ-yar), adv. obliquely : kaolimiiiyar)

i3'eya, to throw obliquely.
ka-o'-hpa, V. a. to break through by striking,
break in, as one's skull ; to cut a hole in, as in
making a canoe, — wakaolipa.
ka-o'-hpe-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to knock a hole

in, — kaolipewakiya.
ka-o'-hpe-ya, v. a. to causi to strike through.
ka-o'-fi.pe-ya, adv. in the manner of striking

through.
ka-of -ya, adv. leaning, sloping, twisting : ka-

oliya ewahnaka, I placed it sloping.
ka-o'-ksa, v. a. to cut or pound a hole in, as into
a corn-hole or in ice ; to break through, — wakao-
ksa.
ka-o'-kse-ya, v. a. to cause to break in, — kao-

ksewa}'a.
ka-o'-ktar), v. a. to bend and pound into, — wa-

kaoktai).
ka-o'-ktar)-yai), v. a. to cause to bend into, —

kaoktaijwaya.
ka-o'-ktar)-yar), adv. bending into.
ka-o'-mnl, «. a calm place in a lake or river.
ka-o'-mnl-i-cu-ya, n. a whirling round. Said
of the wind eddying, or whistling, or whirling
under a lee shore.
ka-o'-mni-na, ». a calm place ; in a calm place.
ka-o'-nmi-nma, v. a. to roll, make roll, — wakao-

nminma.
ka-oi)'-ze-bo-sdan, adv. heels up : kaoijzebo-
sdan iyeya, and kaoqzebosdan etpeya, to knock
the other end up.
ka-o'-sba, v. kaosba hiqhpaya, to fall off, as

from a bank into a river.
ka-o'-Sma-ka, v. a. to make an indentation by

striking, — wakaosmaka : kaosmag iyeya.
ka-o'-spa, v. a. to strike and bruise in, — wakao-

spa : kaospa iyeya.
ka-o'-tar), v. a. to pound tight, — wakaotai).
ko-o'-tar)-ir), v. a. to make manifest or apparent,

— wakaotai)ii).
ka-o'-tii)S, cont. of kaotiqza ; kaot.ii)s iyeya.
ka-o'-tir)-za, v. a. to drive or pound in tight, as

a pin, — wakaot.ii)za.
ka-o'-"WO-tar)-lr), v. to clear off, become so that

things can be seen at a distance.
ka-o'-'WO-tag-na, v. a. to straighten, make
straight by striking in any way, — wakaowo-
taqna.

ka-o'-ze-ze, i'. «. to sioing, dangle.
ka-o'-ze-ze-ya, adv. swinging, dangling : kao-

zezeya yaqka, it is swinging.
ka-pa', V. a. to beat or thresh off, as corn ; to
j)ound up, as meat, — wakapa, uqkapapi. See

kapai].
ka-pa' and ka-pe, ?•. a. to pass by in running, as

kapa iijyaqka, to run jxist one ; to excel, surpass

ill any thing, as in height ; to go beyond, to

transgress, — kawapa, kauijpapi, kamayapa.
ka-pa'-ko, v. n. to become crooked.
ka-par)', v. a. to beat or thresh off, — wakapaij.

See kapa.
ka-par)'-par), v. a. to beat soft, make mellow, —

wakapaij par).
ka-pe', V. a. of pe ; to sharjien by pounding,

to upset, as an old axe, — wakape.
ka-pe'-mni, v. a. to make crooked or awry by

striking, — wakapemni.
ka-pe '-mni-mni-yar), adv. dangling.
ka-pe'-mni-yar), adv. crookedly ; dangling,

swinging, as scissors tied by a string.
ka-pe'-sto, v. a. to make sharp-pointed with an

axe, — wakapesto.
ka-pe '-y a, v. a. to go or pass beyond, do more ;

to cause to surpass, — kapewaya.
ka-pe'-ya, adv. beyond, further, greater than,

surpassing : Atewayo cii) he mikapeya taqka,

" My Father is greater than /," John xiv. 28.
ka-p'ir)', v. n. to be indisposed or unwilling to do

a thing ; to be tired : mani kap'ii), to be indisposed

to walk ; ecoq wakap'ii), / am unwilling to do

it ; ie kap'iij, he is tired of talking, — wakap'iq,

ui)kap'ii)]>i.
ka-pir)s', emit, of kapiqza.
ka-pir)s', cont. of kapiijia.
ka-pir)'-za, v. a. to make squeak or squeal, as a

squirrel, by striking, — wakapiijza.
ka-pir)'-za, v. a. to clear away, as brush, grass,

etc., — wakapii) ia.
ka-po', V. n. to swell, as one's flesh, — makapo,

nidapo.
ka-po '-gar), v. n. to puff out, to swell and become

tight, as a bladder that is blown.
ka-poh', ront. of kapogai) ; kapoh iyeya.
ka-poli'-ya, v. a. to make swell out, as any thing

filled with air, — kapohwaya.
ka-poh'-ya, adv. rising, swelling out.
ka-pom', cont. of kapopa ; kapom iyaya, to burst

with a noise ; kapom iyeya, to cause to burst.
ka-po'-pa, V. a. to make a popping noise ; to

strike and make burst, — wakapopa.
ka-po'-ta, v. a. to pound to pieces, as a garment ;
to rend, tear in pieces, as wind does clothes, — wa-

kapota.

K A V

118

KAK

ka-po'-tpo-ta, v. red. of kapota.

ka-psag', cont. of kapsaka ; kapsag iyeya, and

kapsag ehpeya, to break violentli/.
ka-psag'-ya, v. a. to cause to breah, — kapsag-

waya.
ka-psag'-ya, ado. broken, as a string.
ka-psa'-ka, v. a. to break, as a string, hi/ strik-
ing ; to break of itself, — wakapsaka, uijkapsa-

kapi.
ka-psar)'-psar), v. n. to darif/le, swing back and

forth.
ka-psa'-psa-ka, v. red. of kapsaka.
ka-psi'-ea, v. a. to make jump by striking, — \va-

kapsic'a, uijkapsicapi.
ka-psin', amt. of kapsida ; kapsin iyeya. Also

used as a contraction of kapsii)ta.
ka-psir)'-psir)-ta, v. a. to whip, correct by wJiip-

ping, chastise, — wakapsiqpsiqta.
ka-psir)'-ta, v. a. to whip, flog ; to correct, as

a child, by whipping, — wakapsirita, uqkapsiqtapi :

kapsii)tapi se ui), he appears as if he had been

ivhipped.
ka-psi'-psi-ca, v. red: to mak? jump much by

striking, — wakapsipsica.
ka-psi'-psin, cont. of kapsipsida ; kapsipsin

iyeya, to throia out and make skip about, as in

Ashing.
ka-psoi)', V. a. to upset and spill, as a vessel of

water ; to overturn and fall out, as from a canoe,

— wakapsoi).
ka-psor)'-psor), v. red. of kapsoi).
ka-psur)', v. a. to knock out, as a tooth; to dis-
locate, as a joint, by striking, — wakapiuq ; to

shed, as a deer his horns. Hence, the December

moon is called Tahecap^ui) wi, Moon when the

deer shed their horns.
ka-pSUI)'-ka, v. a. to make round or knob-like,

— wakapsuijka.
ka-psur) '-psui), v. red. of kapsuq.
ka-psur)'-yar), v. a. to cause to knock out of

place, — kap^uijwaya.
ka-pta', V. a. to lade or bail out, as water from a

boat, — wakapta, yakapta, ui)kaptapi.
ka-ptag'-ptar), v. a. to turn over and over, —

wakaptaijptai).
ka-ptar)'-yar), v. a. to cause to fall over ; to

turn over, upset, as a canoe, — wakaptaijyai), ug-

kaptaqyagpi.
ka-ptai)'-yar), adv. turning over.
ka-ptari'-ye-ya, v. a. to cause to fall over, to

overturn, — kaptaijyewaya.
ka-pta'-pta, v. n. to fall to pieces, as something

rotten.
ka-ptu'-ptus, cont. of kaptuptuia ; kaptuptu^

iveva. '

ka-ptu'-ptu-za, v. red. of kaptuia; to crack

often by striking.
ka-ptus', cont. of kaptuia ; kaptus iyeya.
ka-ptus'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to make crack, —

kaptiiswakiya.
ka-ptu'-za, v. a. to split or crack by striking,

but not to split open, — wakaptuia, uijkaptuiapi.
ka-po', V. a. to strike and make a smell, whether

good or bad ; to stop or cease from, as in gam-
bling, and distribute tlic articles staked, — wakapo.
ka-pos'-po-ze-dar). adv. red. of kapozedaij.
ka-po'-za, adj. light, not heavy.
Ka-po'-za, n. the name of the Little Crowds band

of Dakota Indians; Kaposia, or Little Crowds

village.
ka-po'-ze-daQ, adj. dim. light, not heavy.
ka-sa' V. a. to bury in the snow, cover over with

snow, — wakasa, uijkasapi.
ka-sa', v. n. to whistle or moan, as the wind.
ka-sag', cont. of kasaka ; kasag iyeya.
ka-sa'-ka, v. a. to switch, whip, — wakasaka.
ka-sak'-sa-ka, v. red. of kasaka ; to whip, —

wakasaksaka.
ka-sam'-ye-dar), adv. heavily : kasamyedai)

hiqlipaya, to fall heavily.
ka-sar)', v. a. to shave of, as the beard or hair ;

to whiten by scraping, — wakasaij.
ka-sar) '-sax), v. red. of kasaij ; to scra2>e and

whi ten, — wakasai) sai) .
ka-sba', v. a. to make lint ; to curry, — wakasba,

aijkasbapi.
ka-sba'-sba, v. red. of kasba.
ka-sbu', V. a. to cut into small strips, cut into

dangles, — wakasbu, ui)kasbupi.
ka-sbu'-kl-ya, v. a. to cause to cut into strips,

— kasbuwakiya.
ka-Sbu'-pi, n. dangles.
ka-sbu'-sbu, v. red. of kasbu ; to cut into strings

and let hang, — wakasbusbu.
ka-sde'-ca, v. a. to split, as wood, with an are, —

wakasdeca, uijkasdecapi.
ka-sdem', cont. of kasdepa.
ka-sdem'-ya, adv. tapering, wedge-like.
ka-sden', cont. of kasdeda ; kasden iyeya.
ka-sden'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to split, — kasden-

wakiya.
ka-sden'-ya, v. a. to cause to split, — kasdenwaya.
ka-sde'-pa, v. a. to make tapering, to make like

a wedge, — wakasdepa.
ka-sde'-sde-ea, v. a. red. of kasdeda ; to split up

fine, as wood, — wakasdesdeda.
ka-sde'-sden, cont. of kasdesdeca.
ka-sdi', V. a. to strike and force Some out, as from

a bladder full of ^eaae; to sharpen, a« a stick,

with an axe. — wakasdi.

KAS

119

RAa

ka-sdi'-sdi, v. red. of kasdi,

ka-sdi'-tka, v. a. to cut in wAcheK, make knobs

on, — wakasjitka.
ka-sdi'-tka-tka, e. red. of kasditka.
ka-sdi'-ya, v. a. to cause one to press out, — ka-
sdi waya.
ka-sdo'-har), v. n. to waft or drive along, as tlie

wind does clouds.
ka-sdo'-hajo-hai), v. red. of kasdohaij.
ka-se'-pa, v. n. to loash off, as tlie rain docs paint.
ka-s"ir)', adv. appearing, tn sight.
ka-s'ir)'-s'ir), aJv. red. of kas'iij ; appearing now

and then.
ka-s'il)'-3'il)-yar), adv. appearing at limes, occa-

sionallg seen : kas'ii)s"ii)3'ar) iyaya, he passes along

in sight sometimes.
ka-3'ir)'-yar), adv. in sight, partly visible, project-
ing, as a cork iu a bottle.
ka-ska', v. a. to bleach hi/ striking or dragging,

— wakaska.
ka-ska', v. a. to clear of, as clouds, smoke, or

fog ; to become clear.
ka-ska'-har), n. dregs.
ka-skam', cont. of kaskapa ; kaskain iyoya, to

strike off with the hand.
ka-ska,'-pa, v. a. to strike, as witli the Land,

strike hands together : nape hdaskapa, he strikes

his hands together.
ka-skem', cont. of kaskepa ; k:iskem iyeya.
ka-skem'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to bail out, as

water from a canoe, — kaskemwakiya.
ka-skem'-ya, v, a. to cause to bail out.
ka-ske'-pa, v. a. to paddle or bail out, as water

from a canoe, — wakaskepa.
ka-ski'-ca, v. a. to press, press down on; to

embrace, — wakaskica, uqkaskicapi : taha kaskica,

to press packs of furs.
ka-skin', cont. of kaskica ; kaskin yuza, to clasp

in the arms, — kaskin mduza.
ka-skin'-ya, v. a. to cause to settle down, topress

down, — kaskinwaya.
ka-ski'-ta, v. to press, to clasp : kaskita yuza, to

embrace.
ka-smag', cont. of kasmaka ; kasmag iyeya.
ka-sma'-ka, v. a. to indent or make concave by

striking, — wakasmaka ; to make a track, as a

waggon does.
ka-smirj'-yap, v. to make bare ; to blow all off

and leave bare, as the wind does in taking off the

snow.
ka-smir)'-yar)-yai), v. red. of kasmiijyai).
ka-sna', v. a. to make ring or sound by striking ;

to make ring, as the wind ; to knock or shake off

fruit or leaves from a tree, i. q. kahna, — waka-

sna, UQkasnapi.

ka-sna '-sna, v. red. of kasna; to make ring ; to

trim or cut off all tlie limbs from a tree and leave

it bare, — wakasnasna. See snasnana.
ka-sni', v. a. to put out or extinguish fire by

beating ; to cool food by shaking it, — wakasni,

ur)kasuipi.
ka-sni'-sni, v. red. of kasni.
ka-son', cont. of kasoUi ; kason iyeya, to use all

lip.
ka-so'-ta, v. a. to use up by striking ; to kill off,

as cattle ; to cut all off, as trees, to make prairie

of xvoodland ; to use tip, — wakasota, uqkaso-

tapi.
ka-so'-ta, v. ». to clear off, as the sky, be clear

from clouds : kasota au, it is clearing off.
ka-spa'-ya, v. a. of spaya ; to loet, moisten, —

wakaspaya.
ka-spe -y a, v. a. to make sink ; to balance, weigh,

— kaspewaya : kaspeya ehnaka, to place in a

balance, to balance or weigh ; to jiut so as to hold

to its place, as something placed to liold a book

open.
ka-spe'-ya, rtrfi'. balancing, ready to sink; ka-
speya yaijka, it is in a balance.
ka-stag', cont. of kastaka ; kastag ehpeya, to

throw on and make stick, as mud.
ka-sta'-ka, v. a. to throw on, as mud, to throw

so as to make stick, — wakastaka.
ka-star)'-ka, v. a. to moisten by pounding, — wa-

kastaijka.
ka-sto', V. a. to smooUi down, to stroke, comb, as

hair or grass, — wakasto, uijkastopi : kasto iyaya,

to drag or trip along.
ka-Sto'-sto, v. red. of kasto ; to stroke, make

smooth.
ka-sto'-ya, adv. smoothly.
kas, conj. if, although. See kae^,
ka-s'ag', cont. of kas'aka.
ka-s'ag'-ya, v. a. to cause to strike feebly, — ka-

s'agwaya.
ka-s'a'-ka, v. a. to strike with too little force to

penetrate ; to discourage, — wakas'aka.
ka-s'a'-ka, adj. overloaded.
ka-sda', v. a. to cut off, make bare, as, pa kasda,

to shave the head ; to mow, as grass, make bare

by moioing, — wakaida, ui)kasdapi. See peii-

kasda.
ka-sda'-sda, v. red. of kasda.
ka-sda'-ya, v. a. to cause to make bare, — kasda-

waya.
ka-sdog', cont. of kasdoka ; kasdog iyeya.
ka-sdo'-ka, v. a. to knock off or out, as the helve

from an axe, — waka^doka, uijka^dokapi ; to fall

out, as an arrow that has been shot into au

animal.

KAS

120

KAT

ka-sdun', cont. of kasduta ; kasdun iyeya, to

cause to glance off; kasdun iyaya, to glance off, as

an axe.
ka-sdu'-sdu-ta, v. red. of kasduta ; to polish ;

to smooth hxj striking, to planish, — wakasdusduta.
ka-sdu'-ta, v. a. to strik: and make glance off, —

wakasduta.
ka-se', V. n. to rub against, — makase, nicase.
ka-se'-ea, v. a. to make dead or dry by striking,

to deaden by cutting around, as a tree, — waka-

seca.
ka-sen'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to deaden, — kasen-

wakiya.
ka-se '-ya, v. a. to rub against, fend off ; to ob-
struct,— kasewaya.
ka-se '-y a, ado. hitting against, touching.
ka-si'-6a, v. a. to spoil or make badly by striking,

— vvakasica.
ka-si'-ca-ho-'wa-ya, v. a. to cause to cry out by

striking, — wakasidahowaya.
ka-sim', cont. of kasipa ; ka^im iyeya.
ka-s'ir)', v. n. to bend backwards, — maka^'ii), ni-

cas'ii).
ka-s'ir) '-yar), orff. bent backwards : kas'ijjyaq uij,

hi is bent backwards.
ka-si'-pa, v. a. to knock or cut off close, as

branches from a tree, legs from a chair or pot,

or rivets from a knife, — waka^ipa ; to break off,

as the wind does limbs from a tree.
ka-ska', v. a. to tie ; to bind, imprison, — waka-

ska, uqkaskapi, cidaska, makaska : kaska hnaka,

to put in bonds or in prison, — kaska wahnaka.
ka-ska'-har), part, tied, bound.
ka-ske'-hai), v. a. to make skip about by strik-
ing,— wakaskehai) .
ka-skem', ccmt. of kaskepa ; kadkem eipeya, to

strike out, to press out by striking, as water from

any thing.
ka-ske'-pa, v. a, to strike and press out, as water,

— ^wakaskepa.
ka-ski'-ea, v. a. to press by striking, to pound or

batter out, as clothes, — wakaskica.
ka-skin', co7it. of ka^kida ; kaskin iyeya.
ka-ski'-ska, v. a. to make rough by striking, —

wakaskiska.
ka-sko'-kpa, v. a. to hollow out, make concave,

cut out, as a trough, — wakaskokpa, ui)kaskokpa-

pi. Hence, daijka^kokpa, a trough.
ka-sko'-kpa-kpa, v. red. of kaskokpa.
ka-skom', cont. of ka^kopa ; kaskom iyeya.
ka-sko'-pa, v. a. to make crooked or twisted by

striking or falling, — waka^kopa.
ka-sko'-sko-pa, v. red. of kaskopa.
ka-sko'-tpa, v. a. Same as kaskokpa.
ka-sko'-tpa-tpa, v. red. of kadkotpa.

ka-sna', v. a. to miss in attempting to strike, —

waka^na, uijkainapi.
ka-sna'-sna, r. red. of kasna.
ka-sni'-sni-za, v. a. red. of kasniia ; to strike,
as a fire, and cause to send forth sparks, — waka-
snisniza.
ka-sni'-za, v. a. to make wither by striking, —

wakasniza.
ka-spa', v. a. to separate, cut loose from; to cut
in two, as a pair of blankets ; to cough and.
spit, to expectorate, — wakaspa, uqkaspapi ; kica-
spa, and kicidaspa, to wrestle.
ka-spa'-pi, n. See ka^papidaij.
ka-spa'-pi-dar), n. a small piece of money, a

ten cent piece, dime.
ka-spe'-pi-ca-sni, adj. not capable of being

separated.
ka-spe'-ya, v. a. to cause to separate or break

off ; to cause to expectorate, — ka^pewaya.
ka-spu', V. a. to cut off apiece by striking, cut off,
as a bulge from a tree, etc., — wakaspu, uijka-
spupi.
ka-spu '-spu, V. red. of kaspu ; to break up in
pieces, as ice or tallow, by striking, — wakaspuspu ;
to break up, as the wind does ice.
ka-spu'-spu, n. pieces of lead ctit and rounded

in the mouth, slugs.
ka-sta', conj. (ka and esta) though, although :
tuwe kasta, whoever or nobody; taku kasta,
whatever or nothing ; toketu ka^ta, at all events,
at any rate ; hedetu kasta, let it be so.
ka-stag', cont. of kastaka ; ka^tag yeya, to throw,

as a hutinadute, — ka^tag yewaya.
ka-sta'-ka, v. a. to strike, beat, whip ; to kill, —

wakastaka, yakastaka, upkastakapi.
ka-star)', v. a. to pour out; to throw away ; said

of liquids only, — wakastaq, uqkastaijpi.
ka-sus', cont. of ka^uza ; kasu^ iyeya.
ka-su'-sus, cont. of kasusuia ; kasu^ul iyeya, to

bruise or mash down.
ka-su'-sus-ya, ado. battered, bruised.
ka-su'-su-za, v. a. red. of ka^uia.
ka-sus'-ya, v. a. to cause to batter or bruise, —

kasuswaya.
ka-sus'-ya, adv. bruisedly, batteredly.
ka-su'-za, v. a. to bruise, to batter, to mash, to

crush, — waka^uia.
ka'-ta, adj. warm, hot ; applied both to persons

and things, — makata, nikata.
ka-ta', adv. together : kata iheya, to assemble to-
gether,— kata iheui)yai)pi.
ka-ta'-ga, v. of tage ; to make waves and foam, as

the wind does by blowing on water,
ka-tah', cont. of kataga ; katah toi), to make
waves.

KAT

12^1

KA.T

ka-ta'-kir), v. a. to strike and cause to lean, — wa-

katakiq.
ka-ta'-kir)-yar), adv. leaning : katakiijyaij hai),

to stand leaning.
ka-ta'-ko-hai), v. katakohaij yuza, to embrace, —

katakoliai) mduza.
ka-ta'-ku-ni-sni, v. a. (ka and takunisni) to

beat to pieces, destroy, — wakatakunisni.
ka-tai)', V, a. to jwund on, — wakataq, ui)ka-

taijpi : to press on, as water on a paddle or wind

on a sail.
ka-tar)'-ii), v. a. to make apparent, to clear off, as

any thing covered up, — wakataijii).
ka-tarj'-ka, v. a. to beat out large, to enlarge, —

wakataqka.
ka-tar)'-ka-ya, v. a. to make large, — wakataij-

kaya.
ka-ta'-om, cont. of kataoqpa ; leaning, at an angle

of forty-jive degrees.
ka-ta'-om-ya, adv. leaning.
ka-ta'-or)-pa, v. to lean. See kataom.
ka-ta'-psis, cont. of katapsiza ; katapsis iyeya.
ka-ta'-psi-za, v. a. to cause to rise, as bubbles

in water, by throwing something in, — wakata-

psiza.
ka-ta'-tei, v. a. to shake off, as dust, etc., from a

bed ; to brush off with the hand or a brush, — wa-

katata, uijkatatapi.
ka-t'a'-t'a, v. a. to make blunt or batter by

striking, — wakat'at'a.
ka-ta'-za, v. of taia ; to make waves, as the wind

does.
ka-te'-har), adv. far, at a distance.
ka-te'-h.ar)-yar), adv. at some distance, a little

distance off.
ka-tem', cont. of katepa ; katem iyeya.
ka-te'-pa, v. a. to cut to a stump, — wakatepa.
ka-ti'-ea, v. a. to scrape off, as snow, — wakatica,

ui)katicapi.
ka-ti'-oa, v. n. to be obstructed, as the nostrils.
ka-tik'-ti-ca, v. a. to thicken by stirring, — waka-

tiktica.
ka-tin', cont. of katica ; katin iyeya.
ka-tir)', adj. straight, straightened out, as the arm,

— makatii).
ka-til)'-ki-ya, v. a. to stretch out, straighten out :

isto katiijwakiya, / straighten out my arm.
ka-tir) '-yar), adv. directly, continuously, without

stop.
ka-tka', v. n. to choke or be choked, as in eating,

to stick in the throat, — makatka, nicatka.
ka-tke', v. Same as katka.
ka-tke'-ya, v. a. to cause to choke, — katkewaya.
ka-tki'-tka, v. n. to collect in little bunches or

lumps, as meal thrown in in making mush.
16

ka-tki'-tka-tka, v. «. red. of katkitka ; to gather

info bunches or lumps, be tangled, as locks of hair.
ka-tku', adj. cut short, short, rather short.
ka-tku'-dar), adj. short : oi)hdohda katkudaij

seca, the coat seems to be very short.
ka-tku'-ga, v. a. to cut short, cut into short

pieces, — wakatkuga. Hence, tiyopa iyokatkuge,

nails.
ka-tkuh', emit, of katkuga ; katkuh iyaya, to go

round and get on the other side, to go by a short

cut, — katkuli imdamda.
ka-tkuh'-ya, adv. going around. . '2i

ka-tkur)s', cont. of katkui)za.
ka-tkur)'-tkur)-ta, v. See kakuqtkuijta.
ka-tkur)'-za, v. a. to cut off square, — waka-

tkuqza.
ka-tku'-tku-ga, v. red. of katkuga.
ka-to', v. a. to strike and not make an indenta-
tion ; to knock or rap on a door, — wakato.
ka-to'-haj}, v. to stand and tap, as a woodpecker

on a tree.
ka-to'-kam, adv. before, ahead.
ka-to '-kain-"wa-pa, adv. ahead, in advance of.
ka-to'-ka-pa, adv. ahead.
ka-to'-na-"wai)g-ki-ya, v. a. to make gallop

slowly, — katonawaijgwakiya.
ka-to '-na-war)-ka, v. n. to gallop slowly, as a

horse.
ka-to'-to, V. red. of kato ; to knock or beat on, as

on a door ; to clear off, as bushes, trees, etc.,

from a field, — wakatoto.
ka-tpa', V. a. to strike and knock out, as an eye ;

to strike, as in bleeding, i. q. kaijkatpa ; to strike

through, as in shooting with an arrow, i. q. katpa

iyeya, — wakatpa, uqkatpapi.
ka-tpai)', V. a. to bruise, mash up by beating ; to

wink, as the eye-lids, — wakatpag.
ka-tpai)'-tpar), v. red. of katpai).
ka-tpa'-tpa, v. red. of katpa ; to strike and knock

out pieces, — wakatpatpa.
ka-tpi', V. a. to crack, as nuts, by striking, —

wakatpi.
ka-tu'-ka, v. a. to knock off, as fur ; to destroy by

smiting, — wakatuka.
ka-tu'-tka, v. a. to break in small pieces, pound

up fine, — wakatutka.
ka-ta', V. a. (ka and ta) to kill by striking, strike

dead, to stun, — wakata, yakata, ui)katapi : kata

iyeya, to shoot down, kill by shooting ; kata

ehpeya, to knock over dead.
ka-ta'-ga, v. a. to shake and make dry, as the

wind does a wet cloth.
ka-tir)s', cont. of katiqza ; katii)s iyeya.
ka-tiq'-sa, adv. at rest, jirmly, solidly.
ka-tir)s'-ya, v. a. to cause to be solid or at rest.

K A r

1^2

KA^

ka-tir)'-za, v, a. to pound tlghl, make light,

■make firm, — wakatigza.
ka-to'-za, v. a. to dull or make blunt by striking, '

— wakatoza.
ka-tui)'-ke-ea, v. See atuijkeo'a.
ka-u', V. a. of au ; to bring to one, to be in tlie act

of bringing to, — wakau, uqkaupi, eic'au, makau.
ka-Ava'. See yukawa.
ka-Twa'-ci, «'. a. (ka and waci) to cause to dance

by striking, to spin by lohipping, as the boys do

their tops, — wakawaci.
ka-Ava'-hai), jmrt. opened.
ka-war)g', cont. of kawaijka ; kawaqg ehpeya.
ka-"war)'-ka, v. a. to cut down, fell, as trees,

— wakawaijka ; to blow down, as the wind does

trees, houses, etc.
ka-"war)'-kan, adv. kawaijkan iyeya, to knock

upwards.
ka-war)'-kan-wa-pa, adv. a little up.
ka-wa'-s'a-ka, v. n. to be made strong by joac/fc-

t»y,— makawas'aka.
ka-Ava'-ste, v. a. to make well by striking or

cutting with an axe.
ka-"we'-ga, v. a. to break by striking, but not

entirely off; to break, as an axe-helve ; to break

down, — wakawega, uqkawegapi ; to break, as

the wind does trees.
ka-"weli', cont. of kawega ; kawei iyeya.
ka-'we]t'-'we-ga, v. red. of kawega.
ka-"W"et'--weli, cont. of kawehwega ; kawehweh

iyeya, to fracture or break in several places.
ka-"weh'-ya, v. a. to cause to break, — kawei-

waya.
ka-"we&'-ya, adv. breaking.
ka-Twi'-hnu-ni, v. a. to destroy by striking, to

break in pieces, — wakawihnuni.
ka-"wir)s', cont. of kawiqia; kawiijs iyeya, and

kawiijs ehpeya, to beat down, mat down.
ka-'wir)s'--wii)s, cont. of kawiq^wiqia.
ka-"wii)s'-"vvlr)s-ya, adv. matted down.
ka--wir)B'-v7ir)-za, v. red. of kawii)ia.
ka-Tviris'-ya, v. a. to cause to mat down, — ka-

wigswaya.
ka-Avirjs'-ya, adv. beaten down, fallen doum.
ka-vrig'-za, v. a. to beat down, mat down by

striking, as grass, etc., — wakawiqia.
ka-Awi'-ta-ya, adv. together : kawitaya iheya,

to assemble together, flock together.
ka-'wo'-o-tar)-ir), v. n. to become light ; to clear

away, as a storm or any thing that obstructs

vision.
ka'-ya, v. a. of aya ; to take to one, — wakamda,

yakada, ui)kayapi, nicaya.
ka-ye'-ga, v. a. to make shine by striking, as a

fire.

ka-ye'-har), adv. before, out in front : kayeliai)
ecoi), to do before another ; kayehai) nazii), to
stand out in front ; kayehaij i^ihnaka, and kaye-
haqi^iya, to put oneself forward.

ka-yo'-dar), adv. See kayowedaij.

ka-yo'-tar), adv. Same as kayodaq.

ka-yo'-Ave-dar), adj. zigzag, in all kinds of
shapes : kayowedai) ki^Jui), to make figures, as
children do when pliiying in the snow ; kayowe-
dai) wacipi, a kind of dance.

ka-yo'-yo, adv. yielding, giving when struck or
pressed on : kayoyo se apa, lie strikes as if it
yielded under the stroke.

ka-za', V. a. to pick to pieces, as the takai), or
sinew, used by the Dakotas in sewing, — wakaza.

ka'-za, n. a unit, an atom, a particle, a grain :
kfiza wai)iidai), one grain or particle ; kaza nog-
pa, two grains.

ka-za'-mni, v. a. to uncover or open out, as any
thing covered ; to open out, as a door, — wakaza-
mni, yakazamni.

ka-zai)', V. a. to hurt, stun by striking, render
motionless ; to part, separate, as grass in passing
through, — wakazag, ugkazagpi.

ka-zar)'-yar), adv. parting.

ka-za'-pa, v. a. to cut off meat from bones ; said
also when, in flaying an animal, the fat is left
on the skin, — wakazapa, ugkazapapi. Hence,
kazapapi, meat cut off from the bones.

ka-za'-za, v. a. to cut in strips ; to gash, — waka-
zaza, ugkazazapi.

ka-za'-za-pi, n. the ermine, i. q. kitugkasag ; so
called because the skin is cut up into strips to
wear on the head.

ka-ze', V. a. to lade or dip out with a spoon or
ladle, — wakaze, yakaze, ugkazepi.

ka'-ze-d£ir), adj. shallow, as water : mini kaze-
dag, the water is shallow ; i. q. puzedag.

ka-zi', I'. «. to fill up, as a pipe-stem with water,
etc.; to have the sense of fulness, so as not to be
able to swallow : <$agte kazi, the lieart is full, —
c'agte makazi.

ka-zo', V. a. to mark ; to throw back the arms, —
wakazo, ugkazopi.

ka-zon', cont. of kazogta ; to weave in, as in
making baskets, etc.

ka-ZOr)'-ta, v. a. to weave, as cloth, to twist in, as
in making baskets or snow-shoes, i. q. yagka, —
wakazogta, yakazogta, ugkazogtapi.

ka-zur)'-ta, v. Same as kazogta.

ka-za', v. a. to split a little, to make gape, — wa-
kaza.

ka-za'-har), v. a. of zahag ; to make scream out
by striking, — wakaiahag.

ka-za'-hai)-har), v. red. of kaiahag.

KAZ

12?)

KIB

ka-za'-ka, v. a. to strain or knock open, — waka-

iaka.
ka-zan', cant, of kaiata ; kaian iyeya.
ka-zari'-zar), v. n. to become light, as clouds after

rain.
ka-zar)'-zar)-ka, v. n. Same as kazaqiaq.
ka-za'-ta, v. a. to make forked h'j cutting with

an are, — wakazata.
ka-za'-za, v. a. to wash hy pulling hack and forth,

— wakazaza.
ka-za'-za, adv. clearly : kazaza waqyaka, to see

clearly.
ka-zim', cont. of kaiipa ; kaiitn iyeya, to shave

off quickly or hy a stroke.
ka-zim'-zi-pa, v. red. of kaiipa.
ka-zi'-pa, v. a. to shave with a knife or drawing-
knife, tojilane, — wakazipa, uqkaiipapi.
ka-zo', V. n. to purge, have a diarrhoea, — wakaio.
ka-zo'-pi, 11. a purging, a diarrhwa.
ka-zur)', v. a. to pull up, as birds do corn ; to

come out or moult, as the quills of geese, etc.
ka-zu'-zu, V. a. to blot out, efface ; to pay off,

as one's debts ; to forgive ; to knock to pieces ; to

come to pieces, as a waggon, cart, etc., in hauling,

— wakaiuzu.
kca, adj. loose, disentangled, straight. See kakda,

etc.
kea-har)', part, coming loose, untying of itself.
kcar). See yukcai).
kear)'-ka, n. one who fails of doing what he said

he would.
keai)'-kear)-ka, n. any thing that is tall, i. q.

hai)8ka.
kca-Tva'-har), part, come untied.
ke, particle. It is sometimes used as the sign

of the future tense of the first person ; as, heda-

moi) ke epda, / thought I would do that.
ke-ear)'-klr), v. a. to think of as such, to regard

as, — kedaijwakii), kecanyakii), kecai)ui)kii)pi, ke-

cai)mayakii), kedaqcidii). See ecaijkii).
ke-cir)', v. to think that, — kec'aijmi, kecaijni, ui)-

keciijpi. See ediq.
ke-ei'-ya, v. a. to say to one that it is so and so,

— kewakiya, keuijkiyapi, kemakiya, kecidiya, ke-

nidiya. See ediya.
ke-eor(', v. to do that : taijyai) kedoij i^idaca, he

thinks he has done that well. See edoi).
ke-ha', v. 2d pers. sing, of keya.
ke'-ha, n. (keya and ha) a tortoise-shell.
keh-ke'-ga, v. n. to have a rattling in the throat,

as any thing choked to death, — wakehkega.
ke-kto'-pa-'wlQ-ge, adj. a thousand : kektopa-

wiijge wikdemna, ten thousand.
ke-nm)'-yar), v. to know partly, to suspect ; i. q.

tuijgya, — kenuijwaya.

ke-pa', V. 1st pers. sing, of keya.

ke'-pa, ;i. (keya ami pa) a tortoise's head.

ke-pca', V. 1st pers. sing. ; / thought that : hede-
de kta kepda, / thought that it would be so.

kes-toi) ', V. n. to be barbed, have a barb, as a fish-
hook.

kes, cow/, although. It is always used in refer-
ence to past time.

ke'-ya, n. the lar^e tortoise ; a roof, i. q. wa-
keya.

ke'-ya, adj. slojnng, like a roof: keya hai), it
stands roof-like.

ke'-ya, v. a. to make a roof of, — kewaya.

ke-ya', v. to say that, — kepa, keha, uqkeyapi.
Keya, kedii), and kedaijkii), are from eya, edifl, and
edaqkii). Those of the latter class indicate that
the subject of the preceding verb is identical with
the person who says or thinks, which those of the
former class do not : as, mde kta eha, I ivill go,
thou saidst ; mde kta keha, thou saidst that I
would go ; edamoi) kta ecii), I xoill do it, thotight
he, or he thoiight he loould do it ; ecamoi) kta
kedii), he thought that I would do it.

ke'-ya-har), ^ar<. sloping, roof -like.

ke-ze', n. the barb of a fish-hook.

ke-zor)'-ta, n. the soft-shelled tortoise.

ke-zur)'-ta, n. Same as kezoi)ta.

lld.,prep. in com]), to, for, of. It is often prefixed
to verbs or incorporated in tliem : as, kte, to kill,
kikte, to kill for one ; kaga, to make, kidaga, to
make for or to one ; ecoq, to do, edakidoi), to do
to one. When prefixed to verbs of motion com-
mencing with a vowel, the i is dropped : as, kau,
from ki and au ; keyaya is probably from ki and
eyaya.

ki, pron. pos. in comp. meaning one's own : as,
okide, to seek one^s own.

ki, a prefix to some verbs, which indicates that the
action is performed through the middle of the
object ; as, kibaksa, to cut in two in the middle.

ki, V. n. to arrive at one^s house or where one
lives; this is used when the person speaking is
away from the home spoken of, — waki, yaki,
yaki, uijkipi.

ki, V. a. to take from one by force, to rob, — waki,
yaki, ui)kipi, maki, nidi, didi.

ki-a'-pe, v. a. to wait till one reaches home, —
kiawape.

ki-ba', V. pos. of ba ; to blame oneself or one^s
own; to suffer in consequence of one's own course,
— wakiba, uijkibapi.

ki-ba'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to blame oneself, —
kibawakiya.

ki-ba'-ksa, v. a. to cut in two in the middle, as a
stick, — kibawaksa, kibauqksapi.

KIB

124

KIC

ki-ba'-psa-ka, v. a. to cut a eord or string in

two in the middle, — kibawapsaka.
ki-ba'-sde-ea, v. a. to slit or saw in the middle,

— kibawasdec'a. See okibasdeca.
ki-ba'-sa, n. one who is lazy, gets along with diffi-
culty and blames himself much. Perhaps it was

formerly kiba s'a.
ki-ba'-spa, v. a. to cut in two in the middle, as

an apple, — kibawaspa.
ki-bo'-ksa, v. a. to shoot in ttoo in the middle, —

kibowaksa.
ki-bo'-psa-ka, v. a. to shoot off in the middle, as

a cord.
ki-bo'-spa, v. a. to shoot in two, as an apple, —

kibowaspa.
ki-ea', j)rep. in comp. for, from : as, opetoi), to

buy ; opekicatoi), to buy from.
ki-ea', v. pos. of ka ; to mean one's own ; to ask

for or demand one's own, — weca, yeca, uqkicapi.
ki'-ca-da, v. a. of kada ; to spill, as grain, for

another, — wec'ada, uijkicadapi.
ki'-ea-ga, v. a. of kaga ; to make to or for one :

■wowapi kicaga, to write a letter to one, — wecaga,

yecaga, uijkicagapi, micaga, c'icaga.
kl-ea'-ga, v. pos. of kaga ; to make for oneself, —

wecaga, etc.
ki-ca'-ga, v. n. of daga ; to become ice again.
ki'-ea-hda, v. of kahda ; to fall out or unroll for

one, — micahda, nicahda.
kl'-6a-hi, v. of kahi ; to rummage for one, — we-

c'ahi, uqkicahipi, mic'ahi.
kl'-ea-kii)-ea, v. of kakiqca ; to scrape, as a fish,

for one, — wedakii)(5a, ui)kicakii)dapi,
ki'-ca-kpa, v. of kakpa; to strike into for one:

kai) kicakpa, to cut a vein for, i. e. to bleed one.
ki'-ca-ksa, v. of kaksa; to cut in two for one, as

a stick, with an axe, — wecaksa, uijkicaksapi.
ki-ca'-ksa, v. a. to cut in two in the middle with

an axe or by striking ; to break, as a law, to dis-
obey,— ^kiwakaksa, kiui)kaksapi.
W-ca-ku-ka, v. of kakuka; to pound to pieces

or destroy for one, as clothing, — wedakuka.
ki'-ca-mde-ca, v. of kamdeca ; to break for one

by striking, as brittle ware, — wecamdeca.
ki'-ea-mna, v. of kamna ; to collect or gather

together for one, — wecamna, inic'amna.
kl-caq', V. to call on the dead when wailing for

them, as in crying, ' Miciijk^i, midiijkii,' my son,

my son ! — wecai), uqkicaqpi.
ki'-eaq-pta, v. a. to comfort one ; to take sides

with, desire to help one, — wedai)pta, uijkicaijptapi.

Hence, wicakicaijpte, a comforter.
ki-eai)'-yai), v. a. to work ; to till, cultivate, as

the ground, — wakicai)inda and wakicaiiyai), yaki-

caj)da, u^kic'ai)yai)pi.

kl'-ca-psag, coat, of kidapsaka ; kidapsag iyeya.
kl'-ca-psa-ka, v. of kapsaka ; to cut in two, as

a string, /or one, — wedapsaka, uqkidapsakapi.
ki-ea'-psa-ka, v. a. to cut in two a string in the

middle, — kiwakapsaka.
ki-ea'-psar), v. a. to shake for or to one : pa ki-

dapsar), to bote the head to one, — wedapsai).
ki'-ea-psui), v. of kapsui) ; to knock over and

spill out, as water, /or one, — wedapsui).
ki'-ea-psur), v. of kapsuij ; to strike or knock'off,

as a horn, for one, — wedapsiii).
ki'-ea-pta, v. Same as kidaijpta.
ki'-ea-sde-ea, v. of kasdeda ; to split in two for

one, — wedasdeca.
ki'-ea-spa, v. of kaspa ; to divide for one, — we-

daspa.
ki-ea'-spa, v. a. to cut in two in the middle, as

an apple, — kiwakaspa, kiui)kaspapi.
ki'-ca-tpa, v. Same as kidakpa.
ki'-ea-'we-ga, v. of kawega ; to partly break or

fracture for one, — wedawega.
ki'-ea-'wi-hnu-ni, v. of kawihnuni ; to destroy

for one, — wedawihnuni.
ki-ei', prep, with, together with : kidi mda, / go

with him.
ki'-ci, prep, in comp. for : kididahdi, to bring

home for one.
M-ci', prep, in comp. to each other. This makes

the reciprocal form of verbs : as, edakididoi)pi,

they do to each other ; wa^tekididapi, they love

each other.
ki-ei'-ea, v. n. to be with, together with, follow-
ing with, on the same side with : kidida wota, of

the same age with, — wedida, uqkididapi, midica.
ki'-ei-ea-da, v. of kada; to jxmr out or spill for

one, — wedidada, mididada.
ki'-ei-ea-ga, v. of kaga ; to make any thing for

another, — wedidaga, u^kididagapi. In use there

is a difference between kidaga and kididaga. If

one writes a letter to another, he uses kidaga ;

if he writes /or or in the place of another, he uses

kididaga.
ki'-ci-ea-ge-ge, v. of kagege ; to sew any thing

for one, — wedidagege, upkididagegepi, midida-

gege.
ki'-ci-6a-hda, v. of ahda ; to take to one's home
for him, — wecidahda, mididahda, uijkididahdapi.
kl'-ei-6a-hdl, v. of ahdi ; to bring to one^s home

for him, — wecidahdi, uqkididahdipi.
ki'-ei-ca-hi, v. of ahi ; to bring to a place for

one, — wedidahi, uqkididahipi.
W-ei-ea-hiq-ta, v. of kahiijta; to sweep for

one, — wecicahiqta, ui)kicidahii)tapi.
ki'-ci-6a-hnl-ga, v. of kahniga; to choose or

select for one, — wedidahniga.

KIC

125

Kl6

ki'-el-ea-hu-ga, v. of kahuga ; to fracture for

one, break in, as the skull or a barrel-head, /or

one, — wecicahuga.
ki'-ci-ea-liu-hu-ga, v. red. of kicica&uga.
ki-ci'-ca-i, v. of ai ; to take to a place /or one, —

wecicai, uqkidicaipi.
ki'-ei-ea-kar), v. of kakaq ; to hew for one, —

wecicakai), micicakap.
ki'-ei-ea-kca, v. of kakca ; to comb, as hair, for

one, — wecicakoa.
ki'-ei-ea-ki, v. of aki ; to have taken to one's

home for him, — wecicaki, uqkicicakipi.
kl'-el-ea-kir)-6a, v. of kakiqca; to scrajje for

one, — wecicakii) ca.
ki'-ci-ca-ksa, v. of kaksa ; to cut off, as a stick,

for one, — wecicaksa, mic'icaksa, cidic'aksa.
ki'-ci-ca-ksa-ksa, v. red. of kicicaksa ; to cut

up, as fire-wood, for another, — wecicaksaksa.
ki'-ci-ea-ku, v. of aku ; to he bringing something

home for one, — wecidaku, ui)kic'icakupi.
ki'-ei-ea-ku-ka, v. of kakuka ; to pound to

pieces for one, — wecidakuka, micicakuka.
ki'-ei-ca-mde-ca, v. of kamdeda ; to breajc up

for one, as dishes, bij striking, — wedidamdeca.
ki'-ci-ea-sde-ea, v. of kasdeca ; to split, as wood,

for one, — wedidasdeda.
ki'-ci-ea-sde-sde-ca, v. red. of kicidasdeda.
ki'-ci-ca-sda, v. of ka^da ; to cut or make bare

for one, as in mowing, — wedidaMa.
M'-ci-ca-ska, v. of kaika ; to tie or bind for one,

— wedidaska, ui)kidida4kapi.
ki'-ei-ea-spa, v. of ka^pa; to deliver from, to

relieve or free from one, — wedica^pa, ui)kidida-

^papi.
ki'-ci-ea-sta-ka, v. of ka^taka ; to smite for one,

— wedidastaka, ui)kidida^takapi.
ki'-<Si-6a-stai), v. of ka^tai) ; to pour out or spill

for one, — wedida^tai), ui)kicida4tai)pi.
ki'-ei-ea-u, v. of kau ; to bring for one, — wedidau,

mididau.
ki'-ci-ea-'we-ga, v. of kawega; to break or

partly break for one, — wedidawega, uijkididawe-

gapi.^
ki-ei'-ea-'wo-ta, n. one of the same age.
ki'-ei-ea-ya, v. of kaya : to take or carry to a

place /or one, — wedidamda, yedidada.
ki'-ei-ca-zur)-ta, v. of kazuqta ; to weave for

one, — wedidazui)ta, micidazuqta.
ki'-ei-ca-zu-zu, v. of kaiuiu ; to pay for any

thing for another ; to erase for one ; to forgive

one, — wecida^uiu, uqkididaiuiupi.
ki'-ci-eiij, v. of diij ; to desire or ask for, for

another, — wedidii), mididii).
ki-ei'-6ii)-yar), v. to go with, be with, accompany,

as one's friend, — wediciijyai).

ki-ei'-eo-pi, v. recip. to call each other, — uijkidi-

dopi : kidido wotapi, a feast in which a general

invitation is given.
ki'-ei-eu-te, v. of kute ; to shoot any thing for

another, — wediduto, mididute.
ki-ei'-eu-te-pi, v. recip. to shoot each other, as

in the wakai) wadipi, — ui)kidicutepi.
ki'-ci-cir), v. oi \vi) ; to carry or pack for one, —

wedi^Jiq.
ki-ei'-ge-pi, v. recip. to quarrel with each other,

— uqkidigepi, yedigepi.
ki'-ei-hai), v. of haij ; to be or remain for one, —

micihai), nidihai) : mazaska zaptai) midihai), five

dollars are due me.
ki'-ei-hde, v. of hde ; to place or set for one, —

wecihde.
kl'-ci-hde-dar), v. to revenge, punish, — ^wedihde-

dar), midihdedai).
kl-ei'-hde-ya, adv. one by one : kidihdeya an,

they come one at a time or one after another.
kl'-ci-hdo-hi, v. of hdohi ; to bring one's own to

him, return it, — wedihdohi.
ki'-ei-hdo-i, v. of hdoi ; to take one's own to him,

— wedihdoi.
ki'-ei-hdo-ya, v. of hdoya ; to take one's own to

him, — wecihdoya.
ki'-ci-hna-ka, v. of hnaka ; to lay away or lay

up for one, — wedihnaka, uijkidihnakapi.
ki-ci'-hna-na, adv. alone with any one or any

thing.
kl'-ci-ha, V. of ha ; to bury for one, — weciha.
ki'-ei-haq-yai), v. of haqyai) ; to fail or become

worse for one, as one's sick child, — midihai) yai).
ki-6i'-hniur)-g;a-pi, v. recip. to bewitch each

other, — ui)kicihmui)gapi.
kL'-ei-ksu-ya, v. of kiksuya ; to recollect for one,

— wediksuya, midiksuya.
ki-ei'-kte-pl, v. recip. to kill each other, — uq-

kidiktepi.
ki-eir)', v. of dii) ; to desire one's own ; to desire

for one ; to desire of one. See okidii).
ki-eii)'-ir), v. pos. of kiijiij ; to throw, as stones,

at one's own, — weciijii), uijkidiijiijpi.
kl'-ei-pa, v. a. to assist one, as with something

to carry on a game in gambling ; to espouse,

reserve, as a girl with the intention of marrying

her, — wecipa.
ki'-ci-pa-be, v. of pamai) ; to fie for one, — we-

dipabe.
ki'-ei-pa-gar), v. of pagai) ; to part with for

one, — wedipagai).
ki-ci'-pa-gar)-pi, v. recip. to pari with each other,

as a man and his wife, — ui)kicipagai)pi.
kl'-ci-pa-go, v. of pago ; to carve for one, — we-

dipago.

KIO

126

KIC

ki'-ci-pa-hi, v. of palii ; to pick or gather npfor

one, — wecipahi, ugkicipaUipi, micipahi.
ki'-ci-pa-hmui), v. of pahmiii) ; to twist, as a

string, /or one, — wecipahmur).
ki'-6i-pa-kea, v. of pakca ; to comb out straight

for one, — wecipakca.
ki'-ei-pa-kir)-ta, v. of pakiijta ; to wipe for one,

— wecipakirjta, uijkicipakiritapi.
ki'-ei-pa-mde-ea, v. of pamdeca ; to break for

one, — wecipamdec'a.
ki'-ei-pa-mni, v. of pamni ; to divide for one, —

wecipamni, ui)kicipamnipi.
ki-ei'-pa-mni-pi, r. recip. to divide among them-
selves,— uijkioipamnipi, yecipamnipi.
ki'-ei-par), v. of pai) ; to call to one for another,

— wecipai), uqkic'ipaijpi.
ki'-6i-pa-psor), v. ofpapsoij ; to spill or pour out

for one, as water, — wecipapsoi).
ki'-ci-pa-snur), v. of pasnui) ; to roast, as meat,

for one, — wecipasnuij.
ki'-ei-pa-su-ta, v. of pasuta ; to knead or make

stiff, as bread, /or one, — wecipasuta.
ki'-ci-pa-ta, v. of pata ; to cut up or carve for

one, — wecipata.
ki'-ei-pa-tar), v. of pataq ; to take care of for

one, — wecipataij, uijkicipataripi, micipataq.
ki'-ei-pa-zo, v. of pazo ; to point to for one, —

wecipazo, uijkicipazopi.
ki'-ei-pa-za-za, v. of pazaza ; to wash out for

one, as a gun, — wecipaiaza.
ki-ei'-pa-zir)-pi, v. recip. of kipaiii) ; they op-
pose each other, — urjkicipaiiiipi.
ki'-ei-pa-zu-zu, v. of paiuiu ; to erase for one,

— wecipaiuzu.
ki'-ei-pe-har), v. of pehai) ; to fold up for one,

— wecipehai), ui)kicipeLai)pi.
kl'-ci-pe-mni, v. n. of pemni ; to become crooked

or twisted for one, — micipemni.
kl-cls', cont. of ki($iza ; kicis waciijpi, they want

to fight.
ki'-ei-soi), v. of soi) ; to braid for one, — wedi-

SOI).

ki'-ci-su-ta, v. n. of suta : to become hard or

firm for one, — micisuta, uijkicisutapi.
kl'-ei-si-ea, v. n. of ^ica ; to become bad to or for

one, — micisica.
ki-ei'-sna-na, ^roM. with him., her, or it alone,

— wecisnana, yecisnana.
ki-ei'-ti-dai), v. to side with one, to be of the

same opinion, be on the same side of a question,

— kiciwatidai).
ki'-ei-tor), v. of too ; '" ^«i'« or acquire for one ;

to bear or have a child to or for one, — wecitoi),

miditoi) : kicitoijpi, bom to one.
ki'-ei-tu-ka, v. to beg for one, — wecituka.

ki'-ei-'wa-ste, v. n. of wa^te ; to be good or be-
come good for one, — miciwa^te.

ki-ci'-ya-eo-pi, v. recip. to judge or condemn
each other, — ui)kiciyacopi.

ki'-ci-ya-lide-ca, v. of yahdeda ; to tear in
pieces with the mouth for one, — weciyahdeca.

ki'-ei-ya-hde-hde-ea, v. red. of kiciyahdeca.

ki'-ei-ya-he-pa, v. of yahepa ; to drink up for
one, — weciyaliepa.

ki'-ci-ya-Ma-ka, v. of yahtaka; to bite for one,
— weciyahtaka.

ki'-ei-ya-mna, v. of yamna ; to acquire for one
by talking, — weciyamna.

ki'-ei-yar)-ka, v. n. of yaijka ; to be or exist for
one, — miciyaijka.

ki'-ci-ya-o-ni-har), I', of yaoniliai) ; to praise for
one, — weciyaonihai).

ki'-ci-ya-o-tar)-ir), v. of yaotaoiij ; to make
manifest for one, — wec'iyaotar)ii).

ki'-ei-ya-pa, v. of yapa ; to hold m the mouth
for one ; to suck for one, as in conjuring, — weci-
yapa. See kiyapa. The Dakotas, in their
powwowing or conjuring, shake their gourd-shell
and other rattles over the sick person, singing with
all their might as an accompaniment. When
this ceases, they apply their mouths to that part
of the body which seems to be more especially
affected by the disease, and draw out, as they say,
that which is the cause of the sickness, whether
that be matter or spirit. Undoubtedly this pro-
cess does often answer as good a purpose as cup-
ping or leeching.

ki'-ci-ya-po-ta, v. of yapota ; to tear up with
the mouth for one, — weciyapota, miciyapota.

ki'-di-ya-psa-ka, v. of yapsaka ; to bite off, as a
string, for one, — weciyapsaka.

ki'-ei-ya-spa, v. of yaspa ; to bite off for one, —
weciyaspa, miciyaspa.

ki'-ci-ya-tax), v. of yatai) ; to praise for one, —
weciyatai), miciyatai).

ki'-ci-ya-tai)-ir), v. of yataijii) ; to make mani-
fest or declare for one, — wediyataqii).

ki'-ei-ya-'wa, v. of yawa ; to count for one ; to
account to one, — weciyawa, upkiciyawapi.

ki'-ei-yu-cai), v. of yucai) ; to sift for one, —
weciyucai), miciyucaq.

ki'-ei-yu-gai), v. of yugaq ; to husk, as corn, /or
one, — weciyugai).

kl'-ei-yu-ga-ta, v. of yugata ; to open out, as
the hand, /or one, — weciyugata.

ki'-ei-yu-ha, «>. of yuha ; to have for one, keep
for one, — weciyuha, ui)kiciyuhapi. j4.

ki'-ei-3ru-llinur), v. of yuhmuq ; to twist for one.

kl'-ei-yu-ho-mni, v. of yuhomni ; to turn round
for one, — wediyuhomni, midiyuhomni.

KIC

127

KIC

ki'-ci-yu-hu-hu-za, v. of yuliulmza ; lo shake

for one, — weoi^yuhiihiiza.
ki'-ci-yu-hde-ea, v. of yulideca ; to tew for

one,— weuiyuhtleca.
ki'-ei-yu-tdo-ka, v. of yuliiloka ; to open or

7nake a hole for one, — weciyuhdoka.
ki'-ei-yu-kcar), v. of yukcan ; to form an

opinion about any thing for another, — weciyu- j

kcaq.
ki'-ei-yu-kpar), v. of yukpaij ; to c/rind, as ;

grain, /or one, — weciyukpar), niiciyukpai).
ki'-ei-yu-ksa, v. of yuksa ; to break off for one, ;

— weciyuksa, miciyuksa. !

ki'-ci-yu-mar), v. of yumai) ; to r/rind, as an i

axe, for one, — wediyumai).
ki'-ei-yu-mda-ya, v. of yumdaya ; to spread out \

for one, — weoiyumdaya.
ki'-ei-yu-mdu, v. of yumdu ; to plough or break

up for one, — wediyumdu, miciyumdu.
ki'-ci-yu-o-ta, v. of yuota; to multiply for one,

— wediyuota, uqkidiyiiotapi.
ki'-ci-yu-o-"WO-tar), v. of yuowotai) ; to straighten

for one, — wediyuowotai).
ki'-6i-yu-po-ta, v. of yupota; to wear out or

destroy for one, — wediyupota.
ki'-ci-yu-psa-ka, v. of yupsaka ; to break, as a

cord, for another, — wediyupsaka.
ki'-ei-yu-psur), v. of yupsuri ; to pull out or

extract for one, as a tooth, — wediyup^ui), midiyu-

psui).
ki'-ei-y^l-ski-ski-ta, v. red. of kidiyuskita.
ki'-ei-yu-ski-ta, v. of yuskita ; to bind or wrap

up for one, — weciyuskita.
ki'-ci-yu-so-ta, v. of yusota; to use up for one,

— wediyusota, miciyusota.
ki'-ci-yu-sto, v. of yusto ; to make smooth for

one, — wediyusto, midiyusto.
ki-ci'-yu-su-tEi, v. of yusuta; to make firm for

one, — wediyusuta.
ki'-ci-jru-sa-pa, v. of yu^apa; to defile for one,

— wediyusapa.
ki'-ci-yu-sdo-ka, v. of yuMoka ; to pull off for

one, as clothes, — weciyuldoka.
ki'-ei-yu-si-6a, v. of yusida; to make had or

spoil for one, — wediyusica.
ki'-ci-yu-si-Mir), v. of yusihtii) ; to enfeeble for

one, — wediy usihtii) .
ki'-ci-3ru-ska, v. of yuAka ; to loosen for one, —

weciyuska.
kl'-ei-yu-sna, v. of yuAna ; to make a mistake

for one, — wediyusna.
W-ci-yu-spi, v. of yuspi ; to gather or pick off,

as berries, for one, — wediyu4pi.
ki'-ci-yu-star), v. of yu^taij ; to finish or perfect

for one, — weciyuitai).

ki'-ei-yu-ta, v. of yuta ; to eat any thing for

one, — wediyuta, midiyuta.
ki-ci'-yu-ta, r. to eat with one, — kidiwata.
ki'-ci-yu-ta-pi, v. recip. to eat one another.
ki'-ei-yu-ta-ku-ni-sni, ?•. of yutakunisni ; to

deslrot/ for anotlier, — wediy utakunisni.
ki'-ci-yu-tar), v. of yutai) ; to touch for one, —

wediyutai), niidiyutai).
ki'-ei-yu-tar)-ir), v. of yutaijii) ; to make manifest

for one, — wediyutariii).
ki'-ei-yu-tar)-ka, v. of yutaijka ; to enlarge for

an other, — wed i j" utai) ka.
ki'-ei-3ru.-te-ca, v. of yuteda ; to make new for

one, — wediyuteda.
ki'-ei-yu-te-hai), v. of yutehaij ; to make a de-
lay for one, — wediyutehai).
ki'-ei-yu-to-kai), v. of yutokaij ; to put in ano-
ther place or remove for one, — wediy utokai).
kl'-6i-yu-to-ke-6a, v. of yutokeda ; to make dif-
ferent for one, — wediyutokeda.
ki'-oi-yu-tpar), v. of yutpaq. Same as kidiyu-

kpai).
ki'-ci-yu-Tva-s'a-ka, v. of yuwas'aka ; to make

strong for one, — wediyuwas'aka.
kl'-ci-yu-^wa-ste, v. of yuwaste ; to make good

for one,— wediyuwa^te, midiyuwa^te.
ki'-ei-yu-^we-ga, v. of yuwega ; to partly break

for one, as a stick, — weciyuwega.
ki'-ci-yu-za, I', of yuza ; to hold for one.
ki'-ci-yu-za-mnl, v. of yuzamni ; to open out or

uncover for one, — weciyuzamni, miciyuzamni.
kl-ei'-yu-za-pi, v. recip. to hold each other, to
take each other, as man and wife : wakaij kidiyu-
zapi, marriage.
ki'-ei-yu-za, v. of yuza ; to make mush for one,

— wediyuia, midiyuia.
kl'-ci-yu-za-za, v. of yuiaza ; to wash for one.
ki'-ei-yu-zur), v. of yuiuij ; to pull out by the

roots for one, — wediyuiuij.
ki'-6i-yu-zu-zu, v. of yuzuiu ; to tear down or

tear to pieces for one, — wediyu^uiu.
ki-ci'-za, v. kidi kiciza, to quarrel or fight with

one, — kidi wediza.
ki-ei'-za-pi, n. a fighting, fight.
ki-eo', V. a. to call to a feast, invite ; to call to
any assembly or for any purpose, — weco, yeco,
uqkidopi, mido, nido, dido.
ki-eor)'-za, v. See kiduijza.
ki'-CU, V. of \\x ; to restore to one, give to one
what belongs to him, — wecu, yedu, uqkidupi,
niicu, nidu, didu. According to analogy this
should be ki(Ju, but it is not.
ki-euQ'-nl, v. to leave off, abstain from what one
was about to do ; to give over, be discouraged ;
to excuse, not press any further, — wecuijni.

KIC

128

Kn

ki-6ui)'-ni-yaQ, adv. carelesshj, not heartily :

kic'ui)niyai) epa, / said it but did not wish it.
ki-cur)'-ske, adv. half full.
ki-eur)'-ske-har), adv. half full, as a vessel.
kl-cur)'-za, v. to determine in regard to, — we-

cui)za.
kl-cu'-"wa, n. a friend, i. q. koda. Used chiefly

by the Sisitoijwaijs and Indians of the Missouri.
ki-cu'-Ava, V. pos. of kuwa ; to follow up,

pursue, as in giving medicine to one's child, —

■wecuwa.
ki'-cir), V. pos. of \\ij ; to carry or pack one's

own, as one's own child, or one's own. corn, etc.,

— we(5ii), ui)ki^ii)pi.
ki-cor)', V. Same as ki^ui).
ki-cui)', V. a. to put on or wear as clothes ; to use,

— we^ui), ye(Jui), uriki^uqpi ; tawacii) ki^ui), to

have one's own way, he stubborn ; oie kic'ui), to

use language.
ki-cur)'-ki-ei-ci-ya, v. a. to put on for one, help

one to put on, as clothes, — ki(Jui)wediciya.
ki-cui)'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to put ow,— ki(Jui)-

wakiya.
ki-cur)'-ya, v. a. to cause to put on, — ki(5ui)waya.
ki-da', V. of da, to ask ; to ask or beg of one, —

wakida, yakida, ugkidapi, makida.
ki-da', V. pos. of da, to think, esteem. See waste-
kid a.
ki-da'-ka, v. Same as kida. See wa^tekidaka.
ki-de'-de, adv. just as it happens : kidede wo-

hdaka, he talks at random ; kidede omawani, /

toalk without any purpose. This appears to be

used when one has no determination to do or not

to do a thing.
ki-do'-"war), v. of dowai) ; to sing to, as to a

child, — wakidowai) .
kl'-ge, V. a. to scold, vex, quarrel with, — wakige,

yakige, uijkigepi, makige, cicige.
ki-hbe', v. to resemble. Same as kihma.
ki-hda' or kii)-hda, v. n. to have gone home. It

generally refers to past time, though it may be

used in the future. In all the persons except the

third, ' ya ' is inserted, as if from kiyahda, — wa-

kiyahda, yakiyahda, uqkiyahdapi.
ki-hda'-pa, v. to dress or paint, as the face and

body, — wehdapa, uijkihdapapi.
ki-hde', v. Same as kihda.
kl-hde', V. of hde ; to place for, make ready for

one ; to place or lay up otie's own, — wehde, ui)ki-

hdepi.
ki-hde '-ga, v. a. to overtake one, — wehdega, ye-

hdega, uqkihdegapi, mihdega.
ki-hde '-y a, v. a. to send of home, — kihdewaya.
ki-hdu'-spa, v. pos. to break in tioo one's own, —

kiwahduspa, kiuijhduspapi.

ki-hi', v. n. to be fledged, as young birds ; to be-
come large enough to provide for oneself.
ki-hi '-ya, v. a. to raise, as a child, train up to

manhood, — kihiwaya, kihiur)yai)pi.
ki-hi '-ye-ya, v. a. to shoot an arrow as far as

one can, — kiliiyewaya, kihiyeu^yaqpi.
ki-hi '-ye-ya-pi, n. a bow-shot.
ki-hma', v. n. to look like, resemble, i. q. kinraa,

— wehma and wakihraa, yehma.
ki-hna', v. a. to caress, fondle, as a child ; to

comfort, — wehna, yelina, uqkihnapi.
ki-hnag', cont. of kihnaka ; kihnag walii, / came

to lay away.
ki-hnag'-ya, v. a. to cause to lay tip one's own, —

kihnagwaya.
ki-hna'-hna, v. red. of kihna.
ki-hna'-ka, v. a. to lay up for, keep for one ; to

lay up one's own ; to put off, stop proceedings, —

wehnaka, yehnaka, uijkihnakapi.
ki-hnug', cont. of kihnuka ; kihnug iyaya, to

go under water, dive, — kihnug imdamde.
ki-hnug'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to dive, — kihnug-

wakiya.
ki-hnu'-ka, v. to dive, — wehnuka, yehnuka.
ki-hnu'-ni, v. n. to be bewildered, not able to

remember how to do a thing, — wakihnuni.
kl-hnu'-ni-ya, v. a. to bewilder, cause to make a

mistake, — kihnuniwaya, kihnunirhayai).
ki-hui)'-ni, v. n. to get through, reach home, —

wakihuqni, uijkihuijnipi.
ki'-hu-'we, v. of huwe ; kihuwe ya, to go to bring

something /or another, — kihuwe mda.
ki-har)', v. of hai) ; to do to one, to treat one in

any way, — wakihaij, makihai).
ki-har)'-na, v. dim. of kihai) ; kihaqna hiqca, to

do only a little for one.
ki-haq'-si-ca, v. n. to be had or stormy weather,

to rain or snow.
ki-har)'-si-ksu-ya, v. to know by one's feelings

that unpleasant weather is coming, — kihaijsiwa-

ksuya.
ki-hai)'-yar), v. of iaijyai) ; to he likely to die to

or for one, as one's child, — makihapyai), nicihai)-

yai).
ki-hdo', V. pos. of hdo ; to growl over one's own,

as a dog over his bone.
ki-ho', V. See akiho.
ki-i'-hda-ksa, v. reflex, of kicaksa; to injure

oneself, — kimihdaksa, kinihdaksa.
ki-i'-hdu-spa, V. reflex, to free oneself, to wrestle.

Perhaps this is only used in the plural ; as, kii-

hduspapi, they wrestle at arms' length, — kiuQki-

hduspapi.
ki-ii)'-yar)-ka, v. n. to run with one ; to run

with some object in view.

KIT

129

KIIJ

ki-ir)'-yar)-ka-pi, ti. a running, a race.
ki-kar)'-he-za, v. n. pos. of kaqheia : to be sick

for or to one, as one's child, — makikaijheza.
ki-ka'-tar)-ka, n. a species of duck, about as

large as the mallard, with a sharp bill.
ki-ki'-hda, or kikir)hda, v. n. to go home and

leave one, as one's dog or horse, — makikihda, ni-

cicihda, uqkikihdapi.
ki-ki'-ta, adj. tough, elastic.
ki-ksam', cont. of kiksapa.
ki-ksa'-pa, v. n. to become wise ; to consult, —

wakiksapa.
kl-ksu'-ya, v. a. to remember, recollect, — weksu-

ya, yeksuya, uijkiksuyapi, miksuya, niksuya, ci-

ksuya.
ki-ksu'-ye-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to remember, —

kiksuyewakiya.
ki-ksu'-ye-ya, v. a. to cause to remember, — ki-

ksuyewaya.
kl-ksai)', V. a. to violate, commit a rape on ; to

take without leave, — wakiksai), uqkiksaijpi.
ki-ksar)'-pi, n. rape. See wikiksaqpi.
ki-kta', V. n. to awake from sleep ; to be awake,

— wekta, yekta, itrikiktapi.
ki-kta'-har), part, awake : kiktahai) uq, to keep

awake.
ki-kte', V. a. of kte ; to kill one's own ; to kill

for one, — wekte, yekte, ui)kiktepi, mikte.
ki-kto', V. a. to take a boat to, bring over the

river, — wakikto, makikto.
kl-kto'-ya, v. a. to cause to come over, ferry over,

— kiktowaya : kiktoi^iya, to ferry oneself over.
kl-ku'-se, V. pos. of kuse ; to leak out for one, —

makikuse, nicikuse, uqkikusepi.
kl-ku'-te, V. of kute ; to shoot any thing for

another, as ducks, — wakikute, ui)kikutepi, maki-

kute.
ki-ma'-ka, v. to be renewed, as an old field that

has become good again.
W-ma-ma, n. the butterfly.
ki'-ma-ma-na, n. Same as kimama.
M-mde'-za, v. n. to become clear-headed again, to

recover from a drunken fit, — wakimdeza and

wemdeza.
ki-mna'-hai), v. n. to fall off, to rip off for one,

— raakimnahai).
ki-mnl', v. of mni ; to spj-ead out one's own to

dry in the sun, — wemni, yemni, uqkimnipi.
ki-na-hai)', conj. if when. See kii)hai).
ki-na'-ksa, v. a. to break in two with the foot,

to break in the middle, — kinawaksa, kinauijksapi.
ki-na'-pa, v. to come or go forth out of; to have

passed through in going home, — wakinapa.
ki-na'-psa-ka, v. to break in two in the middle

with t^foot, as a string, — kinawapsaka.
17

ki-na'-ptu-za, v. to split or crack in the middle
with the foot or by frost, — kinawaptuia.

ki-na'-spa, v. to break off about half with the
foot, — kinawaspa.

ki-na'-zlQ, v. (ki and naiiij) to reach home and
stand ; to stand again in one^s place, recover one's
position, — wakinawaiiq, yakinayaiii).

kl-nbe', v. See kinma.

ki-ni', v. n. to live again, to return to life, as one
dead ; to revive, recover from fainting, etc., — wa-
kini, ui)kinipi.

ki'-ni-har), v. a. to honor, respect, reverence, have
confidence in, — wakinihaq, uqkinihaijpi.

ki'-ni-har)-pi, part, honored, respected.

ki'-ni-hai)-siu-yar), adv. dishonorably.

kl'-ni-har)-yar), adv. honorably, respectfully.

ki-ni'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to live again, — kini-
wakiya.

ki-ni'-'war), v. n. of niwaq ; to swim hotne, swim
back again, — wakiniwai).

kl-nma', v. a. to be like, to resemble in any re-
spect ; to look like in features or form ; to be like
in character, as a child resembles its parents, —
wakinbe, uijkinmaijpi, makinbe, nidinbe : atkuku
kinma, he resembles his father.

kl-nu'-kai), or klqnxikar), adv. separately, be-
tween two, divided, each having a part : kinukai)
ehnaka, to divide, place in two piles.

kl-nu'-kar)-ki-ya, adv. separately.

ki-nu'-ka^-yar), adv. separately.

ki-nur)'-ka, v. n. to grow, flourish.

kir), def. art. the. When ' a ' or ' ai) ' changed to
' e' precedes, kii) becomes dii).

kig'-ea, adj. scraping. See yukii)c'a.

kir)-ea'-hai), part, bare ; fallen off, as hair from
a dead animal, or as scales.

kir)-ea'-"wa-har), part. Same as kiijc'ahai).

klr)-har)', conj. if when. After 'a' or 'aij'
changed to ' e,' it becomes ' (^ighai).'

kir)-har)s', adv. and yet, if

klij'-hda, v. See kihda.

klr)-ir)', v. a. to throw at: i^ya^ 05 kiijiij, to
pelt with stones, to stone, — wakiijip, makiijiq,
nicir)ir).

kir)S, cont. of kiqza.

kir)S-klr)'-za, v. red. of kiqza ; to grate or gnash,
as the teeth.

kir)'-sko-ke-ea, adv. so large.

kii)'-sko-sko-ke-ea, adv. red. of kii)skoke<$a.

kir)'-sko-sko-ya, adv. red. of kiijskoya.

kir)'-sko-ya, adv. thus far around.

kil)-ska', n. (Ihaijk.) a horn spoon ; a large kind
of tortoise.

kir)-yar)', v. n. to fly, as birds do : kiijyaij iyaya,
it has flown.

K [U

130

KIY

kii)-yar)'-pi, n. those that ft/, birds.

kir)-ye', v. Same as kiqyai) : taku kiijyo cii),

birds.
kir)'-za, v. n. to creak, to yrate.
ki-pa', V. a. to keep for one, as a puppy or girl,

to keep what one has besjioken for liim, — wakipa,

uijkipapi, makipa. See kicipa.
ki-pa'-klr)-ta, v. a. of pakiijta ; to cleanse away

for one, loipe off, — wakipakiqta, uokipakiijtapi.
ki-pa'-mni, v. a. of pamni ; to divide or distri-
bute to, — wicawakipamni.
ki-pai)', V. of pai) ; to call to one, — wakipaij, uq-

kiparipi.
kl-pa'-tar), v. of patai) ; to keep for one ; to

mash up, as food, — wakipataij.
ki-pa'-ti-tar), v. to push with ail on£s might,

i. q. sagi^iyapi, — wakipatitai).
ki-pa'-ya, v. n. See kipayeca.
ki-pa'-ye-ca, v. n. to rise up again, recover itself,

as grass bent down.
W-pa'-zo, V. of pazo ; to point to for one, to show

to one, — wakipazo, makipazo.
kl-pa'-zii), V. a. to stand up against, rebel

against, oppose one, — wakipazii), makipaiii).
kl-pa'-zii)-yar), adv. opposing.
ki-pi', V. n. to hold, contain, carry, as a vessel,

cart, etc. ; to be large enough to admit any thing ;

to be large enough for, as a coat, — makipi, nidipi,

uflkipipi.
ki-pi'-ya, v. a. to cause to fit, — kipiwaya ; to go

down well, as a bullet that fits the gun.
kl-pi'-ya, adv. fittingly, fitly, properly : kipiya

ecamojj, I have done it fitly.
ki-psi'-ea, v. to jump down from, alight from, as

from a horse, — wakipsica.
ki-sai)', V. n. of saq ; to become whitish for one,

— makisaq.
ki-sa'-pa, v. n. of sapa ; to become black or bare

again, as the ground by the disappearance of

snow.
ki-sa'-pa, n. bare ground.
ki-sdi'-pa, v. of sdipa ; to lick up one's own again,

as a dog his vomit, — wesdipa.
W-sna'-har), v. n. to break and fall off, as beads

from a strand, /or one, — makisnahai).
ki-SOQ', V. pos. of sog : to braid on^s own, — we-

soi), yesoq and wakisoq, yakisoi), uqkisoijpi.
ki-so'-ta, V. n. to be used up for one, — makisota,

nicisota.
ki-spa'-ya, v. n. of spaya ; to be or become wet

for one, — makispaya : oijhdohda nidispaya, thy

coat is wet.
ki-sde'-ya, or kisdenya, v. a. to annoy, vex,

continue to press or urge one ; to make ashamed,

to offend, dishonor, — kisdewaya.

ki-si'-ea, v. a. to check, oppose, put a stop to ; to

forbid, command to stop, — wakisica.
ki-skaoo', v. a. of skai) ; to do to, act towards one,

— wakiskai).
ki-ska'-ta, v. a. of skata ; to play to or with ; to

play for, — wakiskata.
ki-tar)', v. n. to stick to, as an opinion, continue

to assert ; to insist upon, not yield, — wakitai),

ui)kitai]pi.
ki'-tar), adv. scarcely, hardly.
ki'-tar)-e-cir)-yai), adv. slightly, just able :

kitaijeciijyai) okihi, he was just able to do it.
ki'-tar)-na, adv. a little, very little, in a slight

degree : kitaijna waste, but a little good.
ki'-tar)-se, adv. with difficulty.
ki-taij'-yar), a«?f. continuously; insisting upon.
ki-toi)', V. to put on, as clothes ; to be clothed

loith, to wear, as wapaha kitoi), to wear a hat, —

wetoi) and wakitoij, u^kitoflpi ; to use, as oie

kitoi), to use words.
ki-tu'-ka, v. a. to beg of, ask of, — wakituka, nia-

kituka, cicituka.
kl'-ta, V. n. to die or be dead for one, as one's

child, — makita.
kl-ur)'-ni, v. n. to be hurt. See kiui)niyai).
ki-ur)'-ni-ki-ya, v. a. to hurt, injure any thing,

— kiuijniwakiya, kiuijnimakiya.
ki-ur)'-ni-yai), v. a. to httrt, injure, — kinuni-

waya, kiuqniuijyaflpi, kiuijnimayai).
ki--wa'-kar)-he-za, v. n. to desire to be with, to

be on good terms or be intimate with, — wakiwa-

kagheia.
ki-"wa'-ni, v. n. to be winter anew ; said of snow

squalls in the spring.
ki-"wai)'-ka, v. n. to go home and lie down, go

and sleep at home ; to sleep going home or on the

viay home, — wakimui)ka, yakinuijka.
ki-Twi'-ta-ya, adv. together, assembled together.
ki'-ya, V. aux. to cause, to make to be : ecoi) kiya,

to cause to do ; te kiya, to cause to die ; sam-

kiya, to make black. The place of the pronoun

is before the ' kiya.'
ki'-ya, v. aux. pos. of ya or yai).
ki'-ya, adv. towards, as in ektakiya ; separately,

in different ways, in different places, as, yamnikiya

yakoijpi, they are in three different places.
W-ya-dar), adv. near, near to.
ki'-ya-hda, v. to have gone home. This is used

only in the first and second persons, — wakiyahda,

yakiyahda, uijkiyahdapi. See kihda.
ki-ya'-hda-pta, v. to have passed over, as a hill,

in going home, — wakiyahdapta.
ki-ya'-ka-pta, v. n. to have passed over, as a

hill, in going home, — wakiyakapta or wakiyawa-

kapta. 41

KI Y

131

KOK

ki-ya'-ksa, v. of yaksa ; to bite in two in the
middle, — kimdaksa, kiuqyaksapi.

kl-ya'-mna, v. of 3'amua ; to acquire for another
bi/ talking, — wakiyamna, makiyamna.

ki-yan'-ya, v. to be nearhj finishinf/, — -kiyan-
luda.

ki-ya'-pa, I', of yapa; to suck for, take in the
mouth and suck, as the Dakota conjurers do in
the case of a sick person, — wakiyapa, makiyapa,
uijkiyapapi. See kiciyapa.

ki-ya'-pa-pi, n. drawing with the mouth.

ki-ya'-taij-ir), v. a. to make manifest to or for, —
wakiyatai)iq.

ki-ya'-ya, v. n. to go by or near a place, — kiya-
waya, kiyayaya.

ki-ya'-ya, v. of iyaya ; to go by or imss. Part.,
went, gone, — uqkiyayapi.

ki'-ye-dar), adv. near, near to.

ki-yo'-hi, v. to reach home, — wakiyohi, yakiyolii,
uijkiyohipi.

ki'-yo-ki-zu, v. n. to unite.

ki'-yo-ki-zu-ya, v. a. to put together, cause to
unite ; to add together, sum up, — kiyokiiuwaya.

ki'-yo-ki-zu-ya, adv. together, unitedly.

ki'-yo-tar)-ka, v. n. to arrive and remain at
home. Said, by the person who arrives or by
another person, when away from the place, —
wakimdotaijka, yakidotai)ka, uqkiyotaijkapi.

ki-yu'-gar), v. a. to open for one, as a door, —
wakiyugai).

ki-yu'-ga-ta, v. a. to open as the hand to, to
stretch out the hand to ; to implore, as in wor-
ship,— wakiyugata.

ki-yu'-ha, v. of yuha ; to have or keep for one,
— wakiyuha, ui)kiyuhapi.

ki-yu'-Ra, v. a. to copulate, as the male and fe-
male of animals. Hence, Takiyuha wi, the moon
when the deer copulate, answering to November.

ki-yu'-kai), v. a. to make room for, as in a tent,
give place to ; to pass by or away from, leave
unmolested, — wakiyukai), ui)kiyukai)pi, makiyu-
kai), oiciyukai).

ki-yu'-ksa, v. of yuksa ; to break in two one^s
own ; to break or violate, as a law or custom, —
kimduksa and wakimduksa, kiduksa, ui)kiyu-
ksapi.

Ki-yTl'-ksa, n. a band of Dakotas, Wapasha\<<
band. So called, it is said, from the intermarry-
ing of relations among them.

ki-3ru'-se, v. a. to hate one, do evil to one, —
wakimduse, yakidu^e, uijkiyuiepi, makiyuie, didi-
yu^e.

ki-yu'-ska, v. a. to loose, untie, unharness ; to
release from prison or confinement, — wakiyu^ka
and w|^imdu4ka, yakidui5ka, uijkiyuikapi.

ki-yu'-spa, v. a. to break into pieces, divide, as

bread ; to divide, as in arithmetic ; to deliver or
free, as from a trap or evil of any kind, — kimdu-

spa and wakimduspa, kiduspa and yakidu^pa,

ui)kiyu4papi, makiyuspa.
ki-yu'-spa-pi, v. a dividing, delivering ; in

arithmetic, division.
ki-yu'-spa-pi-har)-ska, n. long division.
ki-yu'-spa-spa, v. red. of kiyu^pa.
ki-yu'-te, n. a strait or channel ; an isthmus.

See okiyute.
ki-yu'-za, v. a. to hold to one, — wakiyuza.
ki-yu'-za-mni, v. a. to open to or for one ; to

uncover for one, — wakiyuzamni.
ki-3ru'-za-za, v. of yuiaia ; to wash one's own ;

to wash for another, — wakiyuiaia.
ki'-za, V. a. to fight, quarrel with, — wakiza, uq-

kizapi, makiza, cidiza.
ki-zo'-ZO, V. to whistle for, to call one's own by

whistling, as one's dog, — wakiioio.
ko, conj. and, too, also.
ko, in comp. quick : wadiflko, quick tempered ;

oliai)ko, quick at work.
ko-da', n. the particular friend of a Dakota man.

The Titopwaqs say kola and kicuwa, — mitakoda,

nitakoda, takodaku.
ko-da'-ki-ei-ya-pi, n. friendship.
ko-da'-ya, v. a. to have for a particular friend,

— kodawaya, kodamayai).
kog, cont. of koka ; koghiqhda, to make a sound,

to rattle or riiig.
ko-hai)', adv. soon, quickly, now.
ko-haij'-na, adv. soon, very soon, too soon, early.
ko-haQS', adv. since that, so that.
ko-hda'-mna, adv. around, over : kohdamna

idu, to put or take around ; surrounding.
ko-hda'-mna-yar), v. a. to surround, restrain,

cut off retreat, — kohdamnawaya.
ko-hda'-mni, adv. around, surrounding : kohda-

mni ya, to surround.
ko-hda'-mni-yar), v. a. to go around, surround ;

i. q. kokamya, — kohdamniwaya.
ko-hdi', adj. clear, transparent.
ko-hdi'-hdi, adj. red. of kohdi. The flint-corn is

so called from its transparency.
ko'-ka, n. the sound of a bell, a ringing.
ko-ka', n. a keg, barrel, box : dahdi koka, a

powder-keg.
ko-ka'-dai), n. dim. of koka ; a small keg.
ko-kam', adv. beyond, across, by a near way,

before one ; /. q. akokam.
ko-kam'-tu, adv. by a near way, across.
ko-ka'-pa, adv. Same as kokam.
ko-ka'-pa-hmi-hma, n. a keg that is rolled, i. e.

a barrel.

KOK

13-2

K 1' V

ko-ka'-pa-tar)-hai), adv. hy a near way, across.
ko'-ke-dar), adv. quickly, rapidly : oicat koke-

daq, of quick growth ; oyalie kokedai), it boils

away fast.
ko'-ki-ca-hdo-ka, v. n. to be opened through on

both sides : kokicahdog iyaya.
ko'-ki-ea-spa, v. to dig two holes into one,—

kowecaspa.
ko'-kl-ci-vra-sir), adv. See kokiciyasii).
ko'-ki-ei-ya-hdan, adv. linked together, as the

links of a chain ; entangled, as the horns of a deer

in brush.
ko'-ki-ei-ya-sil), adv. uniting, coming together

and fioioing on, as two streams in one.
ko-ki'-pa, V. a. to fear, be afraid of one, — ko-

wakipa, koyakipa, kouijkipapi, komakipa, koni-

cipa, kocicipa.
ko-kl'-pa-pi, part, feared. Hence, wokokipe,

fear.
ko-ki'-pe-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to fear, — kokipe-

wakiya.
ko-ki'-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to fear, make afraid

of, — kokipewaya.
ko-ki'-pe-y a-hai), adv. fearing, fearful, afraid :

kokipeyahai) waui), I am fearful.
ko'-ki-spa, v. n. to join, unite.
ko'-kl-spe-ya, v. a. to cause to join, — koki^pe-

waya.
ko'-ki-zu, V. n. to come together.
ko'-ki-zu-ya, v. a. to cause to unite together.
ko'-ki-zu-ya, adv. unitedly.
ko'-ko, adv. red. of ko.
ko'-ko-dax), adv. lively.
ko-kog'-ya, adv. rattling.
ko'-ko-hag-na, adv. lively.
ko-ko'-ka, v. n, to rattle, as a stiff skin.
ko-ko'-zu-ha, n. an empty cask, barrel, or keg.
ko'-kta, adv. also, besides.
ko'-kta-ya, adv. besides.
ko-kto'-pa-"wii)-ge, adj. a thousand. See ke-

ktopawiqge.
kOQ, v. to desire, to covet, — wakoq, yakoi), uip-

kogpi.
koi), n. mother-in-law ; koqku, his or her mother-
in-law. See kui).
koi)'-kor)-ta. Same as koijtkoijta.
koi)'-ta-h.ai), part, uneven, ridged.
koq'-tkOQ-ta, adj. uneven, with ridges. Hence,

cai)bakoi)tko5ta, a wash-board.
kor)-yar)', v. n. to start in sleep, — wakoqyai) :

koqyai) hii)hda, he started suddenly.
koi)'-za, v. to determine, influence ; to .pretend,

as, witko koqza, to pretend to be drunk, — wakoqza,

yakoi)za, uqkoqzapi.
ko'-pa, n. a fearful plact ; fear.

ko'-pa, adj. insecure, exposed to be killed by an

enemy; in fear : kope waiii), / rem w/ear.
ko'-pe-hda, v. n. to be afraid, be in fear, — kope-

w;ilid:i, kopeyahda, kopeuijhdapi.
ko'-pe-ya, v. a. to make afraid, — kopewaya.
ko'-pe-ya, adv. insecurely.
kos, coiit. of koza ; nape kos waui), / am beckon-
ing with my hand.
ko-sai)'-ta, adv. from one to another : kosaqta

wicawa^^u, / gave away what was given to me.
kos-ko'-za, v. red. of koza.
kos-ya', v. a. to cause to wave or make a signal,

— koswaya.
ko-ska', n. a young man, — komaska, koni^ka,

kour)skapi.
ko-ska'-ska-pi, n. red. of koska.
ko-skir)'-yai), n. one who begins to think himself

a young man.
ko'-ya, conj. and, too, also.
ko-yag', cont. of koyaka; koyag waui), / am

wearing; koyag hai), standing clothed, hitched up,

harnvssed.
ko-yag'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to put on or wear,

— koyagwakiya, koyagmakiya.
ko-yag'-ya, v. a. to cause to put on ; to attach

to, — koyagwaya.
ko-ya'-hag, v. n. to be quick in doing a thing,

to hasten, hurry, — koyawabai), koyayahai), ko-

yauqhaijpi.
ko-ya'-haij-na, adv. quickly, immediately.
ko-ya'-ka, v. a. to put on or wear, as clothes, —

komdaka, kodaka, kouijyakapi, komayaka.
ko-ya'-ka-pi, part. clothed : taku koyakapi,

clothing. See wokoyake.
ko-ya'-nor), or koyanui), v. n. to be of quick

growth, precocious, — koyamanoi), koyaninor).
ko'-za, V. a. to strike at, shake at ; to wave, as a

signal, brandish, as a sword, — wakoza, uijkozapi :

iina koza, to wave one's blanket ; nape koza, to

wave the hand.
kpa, o pos. prefix. Verbs th'-.t take ' pa ' as a pre-
fix, make the possessive fr cm by adding ' k ' or ' t,'

as pagai), kpagaq.
kpa, adj. durable, lasting, not soon eaten vp, as

some kinds of food ; for instance, rice,
kpa, ao?;. punched out: nogekpa, rfeq/": i^takpa,

blind.
kpa-gax)', V. pos. of pagai) ; to spare or give

away one's own, — wakpagai), upkpagai)pi.
kpa-ha'-ha-pi-ka, n. one who is put forward in

company, — makpahahapika.
kpa-hi', v. pos. of pahi ; to pick vp one's own, —

wakpahi, uijkpahipi.
kpa-hmor)', or kpahmui), v. pos. of pahmoq ; to

twist one's own, — wakpahmoi). i

KPA

133

KTE

kpa-hde'-ca, v. pot. of pahdeca ; to make a hole

in one's own, to lance, — wakpahdeca.
kpa-bpa', V. pos. of pahpa ; to lay down or put

off one'' s own load, — wakpahpa.
kpa-kir)'-ta, v. pos. of pakiqta ; to wipe oneh

own, — wakpakii)ta, uijkpakiqtapi.
kpa-kpi', V. pos. of pakpi ; to crack or break

one's own, as a chicken breaking its shell.
kpa-ksi'-za, v. pos. of paksiia ; to double up

one's own, — wakpaksiza.
kpa-ku'-ka, v. pos. of pakuka ; to wear out one's

own by rubbing, — wakpakuka.
kpa-maq', v. pos. of pamaq ; to file one's own, —

wakpamai).
kpa-mde'-ea, v. pos. of pamdeca; to break in

pieces one's oion, — wakparadeca.
kpa-mni', v. pos. of pamni ; to divide out one's

own, — wakpamni, ui|kpamnipi.
kpai), adj. fine, as flour. See bakpai), yukpaij,

etc.
kpai)'-na, adj. fine, soft.
kpa-psoi)', v.pos. of papson ; to spill over one's

own, — wakpapsoij.
kpa-pta', V. to leave a company before it breaks

up, to free oneself and go away while the others

remain, — wakpapta.
kpa-pu'-za, v. pos. of papuza ; to make one's

own dry by wiping, — wakpapuza.
kpa-snoQ', v.pos. of pasnoij ; to roast one's own

meat, — wakpasnog .
kpa-su'-ta, v. pos. of pasuta ; to make hard by

kneading one's own bread, — wakpasuta.
kpa'-ta, v. pos. of pita : to cut up or carve one's

own meat, — wakpata.
kpa-tai)', V. pos. of patai) ; to take care of mie's

own, think much q/' so as to spare or not use it

up, — wakpatai), yakpatai), uijkpataripi.
kpa'-za, adj. dark. See okpaza.
kpa-zar)', v. of pazaq ; to part or separate one's

own, — wakpazai) .
kpa-za'-za, v. pos. of paiaia ; to wash out one's

own, as one's own gun, — wakpazaia.
kpa-zu'-zu, v. pos. of paiuiu ; to rub out one's

own, — wakpaiuiu.
kpe, adj. See kpa.
kpe-hai)', v. pos. of pehai) ; to fold up one's own,

— wakpehai).
kpu-kpa', adv. mixed up, as water and grease in

soup.
kpu-kpe'-ya, adv. mixed up, all kinds together.
kpu-spa', v. pos. of puspa ; to glue or seal one's

own, — wakpuspa.
kpu-ta'-ka, v. pos. of putaka ; to touch one's own.

See ikputaka.
ksa, adj. separated. See baksa, kaksa, yuksa, etc.

ksa'-hax), part, broken in two of itself.

ksa-ksa'-pa, adj. red. of ksapa.

ksam, cont. of ksapa.

ksam-ya', v. a. to make wise, — ksamwaya.

ksam-ya', adv. wisely, prudently.

ksam-ya'-hai), adv. wisely.

ksa'-pa, adj. wise, prudent, having understand-
ing,— waksapa, yaksapa, uqksapapi.

ksa-"Wa'-hai),par<. broken in two.

ksi'-ze-ca, adj. grum, growling, i. q. waciqko,
— maksizeca.

ksu-■^we', v. n. to be hurt. See ksuweya.

ksu-vre'-ya, v. a. to hurt or injure the flesh or
body of any one, — ksuwewaya, ksuwemayai).

ksu-ye'-ya, v. a. to hurt, injure, infiict pain
upon, — ksuyewaya. Same as ksuweya.

ksa, mJj. bent. See yuksa.

ksa'-dai), adj. lent.

ksa'-ka, adj. bent up, as an aged person, decrepit,
— maksaka.

ksai), adj. crooked. See yuksaij.

ksai)-ksai)', red. of k^ai).

ksarj-ksai)', v. n. to wriggle, as a fish.

ksai)-ksai)'-yai), adv. crookedly.

ksar)-yar)', v. a. to make crooked, to crook, bend,
— ksagwaya.

ksar)-yar)', adv. crookedly.

ksa-vra'-har), part, rolled up.

ksi-ksa', adj. numb, stiff with cold.

ksi-ksai)', adj. crooked. See pak^iksaq.

ksi-ksi'-za, adj. red. of ksiza.

ksis, cont. of k^iia ; k^i8i(5idaka, to regard oneself
as bent up.

ksi'-za, adj. bent. See yuksiia, etc.

ksi-za'-har), part, bent up, doubled up.

ksi-za'-"wa-har), part, bent up.

kta and kte, v. aux. shall or will. The usual
sign of the future tense.

kta, V. to wait for, to neglect doing and expect ano-
ther to do, — wakta, yakta.

kta'-ka, v. to wait, expect another to act, — wa-
ktaka.

ktar), adj. crooked, bent. See yuktai).

ktar)-ktar)', adj. crooked.

ktai)-ktai)'-ki-ya, adv. crookedly, indirectly,
zigzag.

ktar)-ktar)'-yar), adv. »rookedly.

ktai)-yar)', adv. crookedly.

kte, V. Same as kta.

kte, V. a. to kill any thing, — wakte, yakte, uij-
ktepi, makte, nikte, c'ikte : tin wicakte, to kill
one of one's own people, commit murder ; akicita
kte, to kill as a soldier, that is, to execute a sen-
tence on one, by breaking his gun, cutting up his
blanket or tent, or killing his horse.

KTE

134

KEH

kte'-dai), v. a. to overcome, he victorious over ; to
win, heal in gambling, — waktedai), iiriktepidai) ;
to be overcome, — maktedai).

kte-ki'-ya, v. u. to cause to kill, — ktewakiya.

kto, adv. why ? what of it ? This is chiefly used
in answering questions ; as, hecanoi) he, didst
thou do it ? hai) hecainoi), kto, yes, I did it ;
why ?'

ku, suffix proii. his, hers, etc.

ku, V. n. to come towards home, to he coming home,
— waku, yaku, iiqkupi.

ku'-ce-dai), adv. low, low down, near the ground :
wi kucedai), the sun is low.

ku-ee'-e-dar), adv. See kuceyedaij.

ku-ce'-ye-dar), adv. low down.

ku-ka', adj. rotten, tender, worn out, as clothes ;
spoiled, as meat.

ku-ke'-ya, v. a. to make rotten, to wear Out, — ku-
kewaya.

ku-ke'-ya, adv. rotten, spoiled, decayed, fallen to
pieces : kukeya spai), to he cooked too much.

ku-ku'-se, n. a hog, hogs ; pork.

ku-ku'-se-i-hdl, n. hog^s lard.

ku-ku'-se-sir), ?i. fat pork, pickled pork.

ku-ku'-ya, adv. under, helow.

kun, adv. below, under, beneath, doivn : kun ku,
come down.

kui), n. mother-in-laio : iiikui), thy mother-in-law ;
kuijku, his or her mother-in-law. See urjci.

kuq'-ksi-tku and kur)kisitku. See kui)^i.

kur)S-ya', adv. of kuijza ; pretending.

kur)S-ya'-ken, adv. pretending.

kiii)'-si, n. grandmother : nikuijsi, thy grandmo-
ther, kui)sitku, kui)k^itku and kui)ki^itku, his or
her grandmother. See uijci.

kur)'-tki-ya, adv. downwards. See kutkiya.

kui)-ya', v. a. to have for mother-in-law, — kui)-
waya.

ku.r)'-za, v. Same as koi)za.

ku-se', V. n. to leak, as a vessel.

ku-sde'-ea, n. the king-fisher.

kus-ku'-za-pi, adj. red. pi. of kuia.

ku'-tai)-har), adv. low down.

ku-te', V. a. to shoot any thing with a gun or
arrow ; to shoot with the medicine-bag. When
a person is introduced into the secret society
called " the Sacred E%nce," lie is shot, or pre-
tended to be shot, by the beads or claws which
are contained in the medicine-bags of the mem-
bers. When the missile is extracted by the same
conjuring process, and not until then, do they
live again. This is their story, — wakute, uijku-
tepi, cidute : wicawakute, / shoot them : kikute,
to shoot for one ; kidicutepi, they shool each
other.

ku-te '-ye-dar), adv. Same as kueeyetlai).

ku'-tki-ya, adv. doionwards.

ku'-"wa, V. imperat. come here : kuwa wo, kuwa
po. This is used in the imperative only.

ku'-vra, v. a. to follow after, chase, hunt, as, sii)-
kpe kuwa, to hunt musk-rats ; to chase, jnirsue, as,
kuwa amau, he chases me ; to treat or act towards
one, as, taqyai) kuwa, to treat well, sicaya kuwa,
to treat ill, persecute ; to pursue, prosecute, as
work,-^wakuwa, uijkuwapi.

ku-'wa'-eil), v. to think of coming home.

ku'-ya, adv. helow, beneath, under, underneath,
down.

ku'-ya-tar)-har), adv. from beloio.

ku'-za, adj. lazy, idle, — makuia, nikuia.

ku-zi'-ta, V. to die or he dying of laziness, to be
very lazy, — kuiimata.

k, the thirteenth letter of the Dakota alphabet.
This sound is made by fixing the organs so as to
make ' k,' and then pressing the back part of the
tongue against the roof of the mouth and with-
drawing it suddenly, which makes what may be
denominated a click. The other consonants of
this class are (J, p, %.

ka, conj. and. When ' a' or 'ai) ' final in words
immediately preceding is changed into ' e,' ^a
becomes <Ja.

ka, V. a. to dig, as the ground, — wa^ca, yaka, uq-
Icapi ; ii\i&, to dig for oneself, — mitSi^a ; kici^a,
to dig for another, — weci^a.

ka-as', adv. even if, indeed.

ka-es', adv. even if.

ka-es'-tos, adv. at any rate.

ka'-is, conj. or.

kas, adv. even : hee \&i, even that one.

ke, V. a. to dig. Same as ^a.

ke, adv. as for : he ^e, as for that. Perhaps it
is used for empha-sis.

ke'-ca, intj. expressive of unbelief; indeed !

ke'-ga, V. to grate, scrape. See bol:ega.

ke-har)', adv. when. This always refers to past
time. It becomes (Jehai) after ' e ' which has
taken the place of ' a ' or ' ai).'

kefii, cont. of Ifega.

keh-ke'-ga, v. red. of ^cega ; scraping along.

keh-keEi', cont. of tceh^ega ; ^eh^ei ya, to go
scraping along.

k.eli-]j:eli'-ya, adv. in a scraping manner : keh-
kefiya mda, / go scraping along.

kes, cont. of ^eza.

kes-ke'-za, adj. red. of ^eza ; smooth, trodden
down.

KES

135

MAH

kes, adv. emphatic ; iniye ]^ei,asfor me. See ^e.

ke'-yas, adv. although, so, even so.

ke-yas'-tOS, adv. at any rate, even if.

]j;e'-za, adj. hard, smooth, trodden hard.

kir), V. a. to carry, hear, carry mi the back, usually
with a strap round the head or breast, — wa^ii),
yaljii), uqlfirjpi ; ki<;ii), to carry one's own ; kici-
^ii), to carry for another.

kiri-ki'-ya, v, a. to cause to carry, — ^ciijwakiya.

ko'-ga, V. n. to rattle, make a rattling noise.

koli, cont. of ^oga ; ^oh iyeya.

koh-ko'-ga, v. red. of tcoga.

koli-koh', cont. of Jcolikoga.

ko]&-koh'-ya, v. to cause a rattling noise, — Ijoh-
kohwaya.

koh-koh'-ya, adv. rattling.

koi), pron. deni. that. Both ^oi) and cilcoi) refer
to the past, to something done or said before, or
to some person or thing mentioned in a previous
sentence : as, wicasta ^oi), that man ; hepe cil^oi),
/ said that.

ku, V. a. to give any thing to one, — wa^u, ya^u,
ui)^upi, maku, ni^u, ci^u : wicawalfu, I have
given to them ; kicii, to give one his own.

ku-ki'-ya, v. to cause to give, — Ijuwakiya.

kur), 2iron. dem. Same as ^oij.

ku'-si, V. to command to give, — ^uwasi.

ku-'wa'-eir), v. to he disposed to give, — ku wa-
caqmi.

L.

1, the fourteenth letter of the Dakota alphabet.
This letter is found only in proper names intro-
duced, into the language, and in the Titoijwai)
dialect, where it is used altogether for 'd' and
sometimes for ' n.' A few examples are here
given.

la, V. to demand, i. q. da ; kila, i. q. Mda, — wala.

la'-ka, v. i. q. daka, — walaka.

la-ka'-es, adv. indeed, i. q. nakaes.

La-ko'-ta, n. Dakota.

la-tkar)', v. i. q. datkaij, — mlatkaij.

la'-'wa, V. i. q. dawa, — mlawa.

le, pron. this, i. q. de.

le, i. q. ye, the sign of the imperative.

le'-ce-ca, adv. like this, i. q. dececa.

le'-cen, adv. thus, i. q. decen.

le'-ei-ya, adv. here, i. q. dediya.

le-ci'-yo-tar), adv. in this direction, i. q. deoi-
yotaq.

\e-YiKa.' , adv. thus far, now ; t. y. dehan.

le-har)'-ke-ea, fflrf?'. so long, /. 5. dehaijkeca.

len, adv. here, i. q. dcQ.

le'-na, /)ro7t. these, i. q. dena.

le-tar)'-har), adv. from this, i. q. detai)hai).

le'-tu, adv. here, i. q. detu.

li'-la, adv. very, i. q. nina.

lo, V. i. q. do.

lo-"War)', V. to sing, i. q. dowai).

lu-ha', V. thou hast, i. q. duha.

lu'-ta, adj. scarlet, i. q. duta.

M.

m, the fifteenth letter of the Dakota alphabet.
ma, pron. objective ; me. It is also used with a

class of neuter and adjective verbs, when it is

translated by the nominative I ; and with some

nouns it is used as the possessive, my, mine.
ma, or mah, inlj. of calling ; look here ! attend !
ma-ca', n. the red of the morning, the aurora.
ma'-ga, n. a cultivated spot, garden, field.
ma-ga', a goose, geese.
ma-ga'-ga, v. n. to be amused.
ma-ga'-ga-ki-ya, v. a. to amuse, comfort one, —

magagawakiya.
ma-ga'-ga-ya, v. a. to amuse, divert one, — maga-

gawaya ; magagai^iya, to amuse oneself, — ma-

gagami(Jiya.
ma'-ga-hu, n. corn-stalks.
ma-ga'-ksl-6a, w. a duck, ducks, the generic

name.
ma-ga'-par)-par)-na, n. the brand-goose or

brant. So called from its peculiar voice, i. q.

magaseksecadai) .
ma-ga'-sapa, n. (maga and sapa) the common

toild goose.
ma-ga'-se-kse-ea-dai), ra. the brant. Same as

magapar)pai)na.
ma-ga'-ta, adv. at or in the field.
ma-ga'-tar)-ka, n. (maga and taqka) the stoan,

.swans. Magataijka-ota-mde, Swan Lake.
ma-ga'-z\i, n. rain.
ma-ga'-zu, v. n. to rain.
ma-ga'-zu-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to rain, — maga-

iuwakiya.
ma-ga'-zu-mi-ni, n. rain-water.
ma-ga'-zu-ya, v. a. to cause to rain, — magaiu-

waya.
ma-gi'-ea-hlr)-te, n. (maga and kahiijta) a

rake ; a harrow.
ma-gi'-ca-mna, n. (maga and kamna) a /toe,

hoes.
ma-gl'-na-ta-ke, n. (maga and nataka) a fence,

rails.
ma-gi'-yu-hirj-te, n. (maga and yuhiijta) a

rake ; a harrotv.
ma-gi'-yu-mdu, n. (miga anrf yumdu) a plough.
ma-hen', prep, within, in, into.

mah

136

MAiC

ma-hen '-ur)-pi, n. somethmg worn within, a

shirt, cliemise.
ma-hen '-vra-p a, adv. inward, towards the inte-
rior.
ma-he'-tar)-har), adu. from within.
ma-he '-ta-tar)-hai), adv. from within.
ma-he'-tu, adv. within, inward, deep ; i. q.

temahetu.
ma-he'-tu-ya, adv. within, deep ; i. q. tema-

hetuya.
ma-he '-tu-ya-ken, adv. within.
mah, intj. of calling attention ; look here ! listen!
mah, cont. of m4ga and niaga.
mah-a'-ka-ta, v. to hoe, as corn, — mahawa-

kata.
mah-eir)'-6a, n. (maga and ciijca) the young of

geese and ducks.
inah-i'-ca-hir)-te, n. (maga and kahii)ta) a

rake ; a harrow.
mah-l'-kee-ka, n. land, soil, common land.
mah-i'-kee-ya, adv. on land, as opposed to

water.
mah-i'-na-ta-ke, n. (maga and nataka) a fence,

rails.
niah-i'-yii-hii)-te, n. (maga and yuhiqta) a

rake, a harrow.
mah-i'-jni-mdu, n. (maga and yumdu) a

plough.
mah-ki'-ear)-yar), v. (m4ga and kicaijyari) to

work or till a field.
mah-pa'-zo, n. (maga and paio) a corn-hill,

potato-hill.
ma-hpi'-hpi-ya, n. red. of mafipiya ; scattering

clouds.
ma-hpi'-ya, n. the clouds ; the skij ; heaven, the

heavens.
ma-hpi'-ya-sa-pa, n. black clouds.
ma-hpi'-ya-so-ka, n. thick clouds.
ma-hpi'-ya-spu-spu, n. long broken clouds.
ma-hpi'-ya-to, n. the blue sky.
ma-hpi'-ya-to-waij-zi-ca, n. the blue sky, the

firmament.
mah-ta'-ni, n. an old field.
mah-te'-ea, n. a new field.
ma-ka', n. ground, earth ; the earth ; a season, a

half year, as a summer or winter. See omaka.
ma-ka', n. the skunk or polecat, Vtverra mephi-
tis. See maijka.
ma-ka'-ce-ga, n. an earthen vessel or pot, such

as the Dakotas are saij to have made and used

before their intercourse with white people.
ma-ka'-da-pa, n. sticky clay.
ma-ka'-gi, n. brown earth. Makagiyuzapi, the

name of a stream emptying into the Minnesota

from the west, below Big Slone Lake.

ma-ka'-hde, adv. end on the ground. Same as

makehde.
ma-ka'-he-ya, v. a. to have a desire to kill or

destroy, to think that one will kill, have a presen-
timent of killing or destroying. See caqhiya.
ma-ka'-htar)-ya, v. a. to kill or destroy very

much, — makahtai) waya.
ma-ka'-i-yu-ta, v. to measure land, survey.
ma-ka'-i-yu-ta-pi, n. a measuring-chain, sur-
veyor's chain.
ma-kan', adv. (maka and akan) on the ground :

makan iwai)ka, to sleep on the ground.
ma-kar)', n. tamarack roots.
ma-kar)'-o-pi-ye, n. a basket. Probably so

called because the Dakotas supposed that willow

baskets were made of tamarack roots.
ma-ka'-o-har)-zi, «. the shading of the earth,

i. e. dusk.
ma-ka'-o-'wa-ki-ya, n. the name of a sacred

feast and ceremonies connected with going to

war ; when, it is said, they carry into the tent

pulverized earth, and make hills like the gophers.
ma-ka'-pa, n. a swamp, where the surface of

the earth lies on water.
ma-ka-pa', n. a skunk's head.
ma-ka'-sar), n. whitish or yellmoish clay.
ma-ka'-sai)-pa, n. next year, next season.
ma-ka'-sir)-to-nmi. See makasitomni.
ma-ka'-si-to-mnl, adv. all the world over.
ma-ka'-si-to-mnl-yar), adv. the world over.
ma-ka'-ta, adv. at the ground, on the ground, on

the fioor : makata muijka, I lie on the ground.
ma-ka'-to, n. blue earth. Makatooze, the Ma-

kato or Blue Earth river.
ma-ka'-'wa-ksi-ca, n. earthen plates, or dis/tes.
ma-ka'-'wa-se-sa, n. red earth, used by the

Dakotas as a paint instead of vermillion ; i. q.

wase.
ma-ke'-hde, adv. on end : caijpeska makehde

inazii), to kneel.
ma-ke'-hde-ya, v. n. to fall doum, as a long

stick, endwise : caijpeska makehdeya inaiiq, to

kneel.
ma-ki'-ci-noi), v. of manoi) ; to steal any thing

for another, — mawecinoi) ; maui)kie'inoi)pi, they

steal from each other.
ma-ki'-kce, n. See makikceka.
ma-kl'-kce-ka, n. the land, as opposed to water.
ma-ki'-kce-ya, adv. on land.
ma-kl'-nor), v. of manoi) ; to steal any thing

from one, — mawakinoi), mayakinoi).
ma-ki'-pu-sdi, adv. taith the face on the ground,

prostrate, prone.
ma-ki'-pu-sdl-ya, adv. bowed doum to the

ground.

MAK

137

MAZ

ma-ki'-pu-ski-ea, v. n. to press on the (/round,
lie flat on the ground, lick the dust.

ma-ki'-pu-skin, cont. of makipuskica ; jnakipu-
skin elipei(Jiya, to throw oneself on, tlie^round.

ma-ki '-sag-pa, n. the next season, i.q.mska,-
saijpa.

ma-ki'-'waij-ya-ke, n. a compass ; a surveyor.

ina-ki'-ya-ka-sar)-ni, n. a side or part of a
country.

ma-ko'-ee, n. a country, a place : makocazeyate
wanica, a place without a name ; mitamakode,
my country.

ma-ko'-ce-o-'wa-pi, n. a map, maps. See ma-
kowapi.

ma-ko'-hdo-ka, n. a hole in the ground, a cave,
cavern.

ina-kor)'-ca-ge, n. a season, the seasons.

ma-ko'-skan, n. a place where no one dwells, a
desert place.

ma-ko'-skan-tu, adv. in a desert place.

ma-ko'-skan-tu-ya, adv. away from any dwell-
ing, away on the prairie.

ma-ko'-skan-tu-ya-ken, adv. in a desert place.

ma-ko'-sma-ka, n. any loio place, a ditch.

ma-ko'-si-ea, n. any prevalent disease, an epide-
mic, as the small pox ; i. q. makoc'e sic'a.

ma-ko'-ta-he-dar), adv. away from any dwell-
ing, in the desert, on the prairie.

ma-ko'-"wa-ki-ei-pa, n. a place a little hollow-
ing, a slight hollow or depression in the prairie.

jma-ko'-"war)-ea, n. all the earth.

ina-ko'--war)-ea-ya, adv. all over the earth.

raa-ko'-"wa-pi, n. a map of a country, maps.

ma-ku', w. the breast, the forepart of the thorax.

ma-ku'-a-ka-hpe, n. an apron, a woman's ker-
chief.

ma-ku'-hu, n. the breast-bone, sternum.

ma-ku'-i-yu-ski-te, n. a child's swaddling-band.

ma-ku'-i-yu-tar), n. a girth.

ma-ma', n. a woman's breast, milk ; mamma or
mother. It is a singular fact that with the Dako-
tas, mama means milk, and papa, meat.

ma'-ni, v. n. to walk, — mawani, mayani.

ma-ni'-ea, n. the gopher, a species of Diplostoma.

ma-ni'-ca, v. n. 1st pers. sing, of nic'a ; / have
none, — ninica.

ma-ni'-ea-pa-mdu, n. gopher-hills.

ma'-ni-har), part, walking.

ma'-ni-ken, adv. walking.

ma'-ni-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to walk, — maniwa-
kiya.

ma-nin', adv. abroad, away from the house.

ma'-ni-ni-na, n. bed-bugs, i. q. taku mani nina.

ma'-ni-sku-ya, n. a species of plant ; prob. the
honeysuckle.

18

ma-nor)', v. a. to steal any thing, — mawanoi), ma-

yanor), mauijnoijpi. This is by some written manu.
ma-nor) '-pi, n. a stealing, theft.
ma-nu', or manur), v. See manoi).
mar), intj. look here !
mar), v. to build a nest and hatch young ones, as

birds do.
maq, adj. sharp, i. q. pe. See yumai).
mar)-ca', n. the aurora. See maca.
mar)-ka', n. a skunk. See maka.
mar)-ka', v. n. 1st pers. sing, of yaqka.
mas-ee'-ga, n. See mazacega.
ma-ste', adj. warm, hot, applied to the weather :

maste hirjca, very warm.
ma-ste'-ste, adj. red. of maste.
ina-ste'-ya, adv. in a warm state, warmly.
ma-ste '-ya-ken, adv. warmly, hotly.
ma-stir)'-6a, n. the rabbit, Lepus ctmiculus : tin-

mastiqca, the prairie rabbit or hare.
Ma-stir('-ea, n. the Cree Indians.
ma-stir) '-pu-te, «. a kind of herb bearing red

edible berries, the leaves of which are sometimes

used by the Dakotas for tobacco.
ma-te'-te, «. of tete ; the side or rim of a boat,

the part near the edge ; a brow or projection, as

of a hill. See watete.
ma-tka', n. sticky earth.
ma-tka'-sa, n. red earth.
ma-to', n. the grey or polar bear, JJrsus mari-

timus.
ma-to '-ho-ta, n. the grizzly bear, a species of

the Ursus Americanus.
ma-tu'-ska, n. the craw-fish.
Ma-vra'-ta-dar), n. the Mandan Indians.
Ma-'wa'-tag-na, n. Same as Mawatadai).
ma-ya', n. a steep place, a bank, as of a river.
ma-ya', adj. steep) : may a IViqca, very steep.
iyta-ya'-"wa-kar), n. the Chippewa River, which

joins the Minnesota, from the north, about fifteen

miles below Lac-qui-parle.
ma'-za, «. metal of any kind ; goods, merchan-
dise.
ma'-za-a-spe-i-ei-ye, n. an anchor.
ma'-za-ce-ga, n. an iron pot or kettle. Gene-
rally cega alone is used.
ma'-za-hu-hu, n. (maza and huhu) bracelets,

arm-bands.
ma'-za-bda-hda, w. a bell.
ma'-za-Ma-kl-ya-pi, n. a trap, traps, steel-traps,

such as are used in catching the otter, etc.
ma'-za-i-6a-ko-ke, n. a cow-bell. Commonly

used without the maza. See icakoke.
ma'-za-i-ei-ca-M-ha, n. iron in links, a chain.
ma'-za-i-cu, n. a gun-screw, the spiral wire which

is used to draw wadding from a gun.

MAZ

138

MDE

ma'-za-i-yo-ka-tku-ge, n. a nail, nails. See
also tiyopa iyokatkuge.

ma'-za-i-yu-ta-pi, n. a steel-yard ; an iron
square.

ma'-za-ka-ga, n. a worker in metal, a black-
smith.

ma'-za-kai), M. (niaza and wakai)) a gun. See
mazawakaj).

nia'-za-kar)-ce-ca, n. the butt of a gun.

ma'-za-karj-e-eor) and mazakariiyeya, v. to
xhoot a gun ; mazakai) bosdoka, to fire off a gun.

ma'-za-kai3-l-nor)-pa, n. a double-barrelled gun.

ma'-za-kaij-i-yo-pa-zai), n. the tubes or fer-
rules which hold in the ramrod.

nia'-za-kar)-i-yo-pu-hdi, n. gun-wadding.

ina'-za-kar)-i-yo-pu-ski-ee, n. a ramrod.

ma'-za-karj-na-'wa-te, n. the plate of a gun-
lock.

ma'-za-karj-no-ge, n. a gun-lock, especially the
]Mn.

ina'-za-kar)-no-ge-yu-hpa, n. the whole of a
gun-lock.

nia'-za-kag-o-yu--wi, n. the inside work of a
gun-lock.

ina'-za-kar)-pa-hu, n. the breech of a gun.

ma'-za-kaq-pte-ce-dai), n. a short gun, a
pistol.

nia'-za-kar)-tar)-ka, n. a great gun, a cannon.

ma'-za-mda-ska, n. a fiat iron ; a spade, shovel,
etc.

ma'-za-na-peu-pe, n. finger-rings.

ma'-za-O-ee-ti, n. an iron fi.re-place, a stove.

ma'-za-o-ka-ze-ze, n. skates : maza okazeze
ki^Jui), to skate.

ma'-za-sag-ye, ti. an iron cane, a sword.

ma'-za-sa-pa, n. black metal, iron.

ma'-za-ska, n. lohile metal, silver ; money ; a
dollar.

nia'-za-ska-hai)-ke, n. a half-dollar.

ma'-za-ska-ka-spa-pi-dai), n. a twelve and a
half or ten cent piece, a shilling, dime.

ma'-za-ska-mi-ni-hu-ha, n. bank notes.

ma'-za-ska-taQ-ka, n. a dollar.

ma'-za-ska-wa-na-pir), n. a silver medal.

ma'-za-ska-zi, or mazaskamazazi, n. yellow
silver, gold.

ma'-za-su, n. lead.

ma'-za-su-i-sdo-ye, n. something to melt lead in.

ma'-za-su-i-yo-ka-stai), n. bullet-moulds.

ma'-za-sa, n. red mstal, copper.

ma'-za-sdo-ya-pi, n. pewter, so called because
used for running on the bowls of Dakota pipes.

ma'-za-sko-pa, n. a concave medal for the neck,
used as the badge of a soldier.

ma'-za-ta-spu, n. metal buttons.

ma'-za-ta-spu-dai), n. metal buttons.

ma'-za-tu-ki-ha, n. an iron or metal spoon.

ina'-za--wa-kar), ». a gun. See mazakai).

ma'-za-'wa-ksi-ca, n. tin or iron pans.

ma'-za-zi, n. yellow metal, brass.

ma-zi '-pa-be, n. a file.

ma-zi'-ya-pe, n. a hammer.

ma-zi'-yu-be, n. a file, i. q. mazipabe.
I ma-zi '-yu-zi-pe, n. pincers ; tongs.

ma-zo'-pi-ye, n. a store, store-house.

mda, V. 1st pers. sing, of ya ; I go.

luda, a prefix. Verbs commencing with ' ya '
change it into 'mda' to form the first person
singular, and into ' da ' for the second.

mda. See kamda.

mda-ha', adj. broad at one end,, tapering.

mda-mda'-ta, n. high level land, table-land.

mdas, cont. of mdaza.

mda-ska', adj. fiat, as, cai) mdaska, boards ;
broad at one end.

mda-ska'-ska, adj. red. of mdaska.

mda-ska'-ya, adv. fiatly, on the flat side.

mda'-ya, adj. level, plain.

mda'-ye, n. a plain.

mda'-ye-dar), adj. level, plain.

mda'-ye-ya, adv. evenly.

mda-za', adv. in strips. See bamdaza.

mda-za'-har), part, ripped open of itself, torn
open.

mda-za'-'wa-hai), part. Same as mdazahai).

mde, n. a lake.

mde-ea', adj. broken. See kamdeca.

mde-ca'-hag, part, broken of itself.

mde-ea'-hmir), n. a bay.

mde-ca'-"wa-har), part, broken of itself.

mde'-dai), n. a little lake, a pond.

mde'-ga, n. the pelican.

Mde'-hda-kir)-yar), n. Lac Travers, Lake Tra-
verse ; so called from its lying in a direction
crosswise to Big Stone Lake.

Mde-i-ye'-dar), n. Lac-qui-parle. This word
was evidently supposed by the French to mean
the talking lake. If that be the meaning, it is
not apparent why the name was given. It is
suggested that it is ' mde iyahde,' changed into
mdeiyedai), referring to the fact that the river is
connected by the lake.

mde-ki'-yu-te, n. an isthmus ; a strait or chan-
nel in a lake.

mde-mde'-ea, adj. red. of mdeca.

mde-mde'-ea-hai), part. red. of mdecahai).

mde-mde'-ea-wa-hag, part. red. of mdecawa-
hai).

mde-mdes'-ya, v. red. of mdesya ; mdemdesi-
^iya, to amuse or regale oneself.

MDE

139

MIN

Mde-mi'-ni-so-ta, 71. Clear Lake, which lies
about thirty-five miles from Traverse des Sioux,
on the old road to Lac-qui-parle.

mdes, cont. of mdeza.

mde-sa', adj. clear, not fuddled : mdesa waui), /
am not drunk.

mde-sa'-har), part, clear-sighted, elearli/.

mdes-ya', v. a. to make clear, cause to recover
from stupidity, — mdeswaya.

mdes-ya', adv. clearly.

mdes-ya'-ken, adv. clearly.

nide-tar)'-hur)-ka, re. a leader of a war party or
any other party.

mde-ya', n. Mdeyataqka, Otter-tail Lake.

mde-ya'-ta, adv. at the lake. This is used by the
Dakotas in referring to Lake Superior, which they
used to visit.

mde'-za, adj. clear ; clear-sighted, as, ista mdeza ;
sober, — mamdeza, nimdeza.

mde'-ze-dar), adj. clear, as water : mini mdeze-
daq, clear water.

mdo, n. an esculent root eaten by the Dakotas, in
appearance and taste something like sweet pota-
toes, the Dakota tamdo ; potatoes, the Wasicui)
tamdo.

mdog-yai)'-ka, v. n. to remain at home when
others go out to hunt, — mdogmaqka, mdognaq-
ka, mdoguijyaijkapi.

mdo'-hu, re. potato-tops.

mdo-ka', n. the male of animals.

mdo-ka', adj. male, used only of animals, birds,
etc., not of men.

mdo-ka'-ska, v. n. to hickup, — mdowakaska.

rado-ka'-ta, adv. at the water, hy the shore.

mdo-ke'-co-ka-ya, n. mid-summer.

mdo-ke'-hai), n. last summer : mdokehag ici-
ma, summer before last.

mdo-ke'-tu, n. summ^, this summer, next sum-
mer.

mdo-M'-hda-ka, v. n. to move in the summer, —
mdokiwahdaka. See ihdaka.

mdo'-ki-ta, v. n. to be tired or weary, as by
walking, — mdowakita, mdouijkitapi.

mdo'-ki-te-ya, v. a. to make tired or weary, to
tire, weary, fatigue, — mdokitewaya, mdokitema-
yai).

mdo'-te, n. the mouth or junction of one river
with another (a name commonly applied to the
country about Fort Snelling, or mouth of the St.
Peters ; also the name appropriated to the estab-
lishment of the Fur Company at the junction of
the rivers, written Mendota) ; the outlet of a lake.

mdo'-za, n. the loon.

mdu, adj. powdered, pulverized, fine : aguyapi
mdu, flour ; maka mdu, dust.

mdu-mdu', adj. red. of mdu ; mellow and dry,

as apples or turnips.
mdu-mdu', v. 1st pers. sing, of yumdu.
indu-"wa'-har), part, crumbled down, not hard.
mi, pron. pos. my or mine ; me ; for me or to me,

as in mikte, he kills for me.
mi-ea', pron. from me, as in opemicatoi), he buys

from me.
mi-ea', re. the lean meat on the side of an animal

near the rump, the small of the back ; the lean

meat of the thigh.
mi'-ea-ga, v. of kicaga ; to make to or for me.
mi'-ei, pron. wiAprep. of kici ; with me, for me.
mi-ci', pron. reflex, myself, as, mii^ikte, / kill

myself ; for myself, as, mi^icaga, / make for my-
self, or / make myself.
mi-hnag', cont. of mihnaka ; mihnag wauq.
mi-hna'-ka, v. a. to put in under the girdle, as

a knife or hatchet ; to wear round the loins, —

miwahnaka.
mi'-hna-ka, v. of kihnaka ; he lays up for me.
mi'-ni, n. water.

mi'-ni-a-pa-Ma, n. a skin bottle for water.
mi'-ni-lJO-sdi, n. a syringe. See rainiibosdi.
mi'-ni-bo-ta, v. n. to be drenched with water.

Said also when water comes much into a tent, —

minibomata.
mi'-ni-bo-zag, n. mist, fine rain.
mi'-ni-ea-du-za, n. rapid water, strong current.
mi'-ui-ea-hda, adv. by the water.
mi'-ni-he-ea, v. n. to be smart or active, — mami-

niheca, niminiheca, uijminihec'api.
mi'-ni-hen-he-ea, v. red. of miuiheda.
ml'-ni-hen-ya, adv. actively, industriously.
mi'-ni-he-ya, v. a, to make active : minihei^iya,

to make oneself active, to be industrious, — mini-

hemi^iya.
mi'-ni-hii)-tkar)-ha-ka, n. water-moss, that

which grows under water.
mi'-ni-hdo-ka, n. a fountain or spring of water,

a well.
ml'-ni-hu-ha, n. linen or cotton cloth, calico ;

paper.
mi'-ni-hu-ha-kar)-su-ku-te-pi, n. playing-
cards.
mi'-ni-hu-ha-o-'wa-pi, n. painted cloth, calico.
mi'-ni-Ru-ha-ska, n. white cotton or muslin ;

white paper, writing paper.
mi'-ni-hu-ha-ska-so-ka, n. bed-ticking.
mi'-ni-hu-ha-ska-zib-zi-pe-dai), n. fine mus-
lin.
mi'-ni-i-bo-sdi, n. a syringe ; a squirt-gun.
mi'-nin, adv. (mini and en) in the water.
mi'-ni-na-ga-ga, v. to struggle, as any thing

shot in the water.

MIN

140

NAA

to drown, he drowned, — minin-
to drown, cause to drown.

ml'-nin-ta, v. n.

mata.
mi'-nin-te-ya, v. a.

— minintewaya.
mi'-ni-o-mni, «. an eddy. See miniyomni.
mi'-ni-O-ta, z. n. to drown, he droioned, — minio

mata.
mi'-ni-o-te-ya, v. a. to drown, cause to drown,

— miniotewaya.
mi'-ni-o-'wari-ea, n. all over water, the ocean.
ml'-ni-0-"we, n. a spring, fountain of water.
mi'-ni-sa-pa, «. (mini and sapa) ink.
mi'-ni-sku-ya, n. (mini and skuya) salt, pro-
bably so called because salt was first foimd by

them in springs or lakes ; vinegar.
mi'-ni-sku-ya-o-hna-ka-pi, n. a salt-cellar.
Mi'-ni-so-ta, «. the Minnesota or Saint Peters

River. It means whitish water, and is the name

also of the lake called by white people Char Lake.
mi'-ni-sa, n. red water, i. e. wine, cider, ale.
mi'-ni-si-ea, n. had water, i. e. whiskey.
IMi'-ni-so-se, «. (turhid water) the Missouri river.
mi'-ni-ta-ga, n. foam, froth, spittle.
mi'-ni-tai), v. n. to flood.
mi'-ni-tar), n. (mini and tagka) a food, high

ivater.
mi'-ni-tarj-ka-ya, adv. toith water spread over.
mi'-ni-taq-ya, v. a. to cause to food, — minitari-

waya.
nii'-ni-"Wa-kai), n. (mini and wakai)) water-spirit,

i. e. lohiskey.
ini'-ni-"wa-kai)-ti-pi, n. a whiskey-shop, grog-

gery.
ini'-ni-"wa-mnu-ha-dar), n. snails, periudnkles.
mi'-ni-'warj-ca, n. the sea, the ocean.
ini'-ni--wi-to-ye, n. frog-spittle, the green that

collects on stagnant water.
mi'-ni-ya-tkai), n. a drinking-vessel, a tin cup.
Same as miniyatka^.
an eddy, whirlpool,
wet, saturated with water, as

mi'-ni-ya-tke, n.
mi'-ni-yo-mni, n.
mi'-ni-yo-pa, adj.
wet wood.

water spread all over, i. e.

im -ni-yo-Avar)-ca,

the ocean.

mi'-ni-yo-we, n. a spring, fountain of water.

iiu'-ni-yo-"we-hde-pi, n. a well of water.

mi'-ni-yu-spe-dar), II. to perspire much : mini-
yuspedai) waskai), / work perspiring much.

mi'-ni-zi, n. (mini and zi) bile, which accumu-
lates in the stomach.

jaiB, pron. I: mii raije, I myself.

mis-na'-ka, pron. J alone.

mis-na'-na, pron. I alone, I only.

mi-ta', pron. prefix ; my, mine.

ini-ta'-"wa, pron. my, mine.

mi-urj'-pa, n. some'hing laid on tite back to keep

a pack from hurting, a pad : miuijpa kitoi), there

is a pad under it.
mi'-ye, pron. I ; me.

mi-ye', pi. imperat. termination, as, ec'oi) raive, do
. -ye it.

mi'-ye-eii). See miyecirika.
mi'-ye-eirj-ka, pron. I myself I alone without

aid or counsel.
mi'-ye-eiri-ka-hai), pron. I alone.
mi'-ye-ke, pron. even I, such a one as I.
mi'-ye-kes, pron. I myself.
mi'-yes, pron. I.

mi-yo'-ka-sir), n. the small of the hack.
mna. See yumna, etc.
mna, n. black-haws.
mna-har)', part, ripped of itself.
mna'-hu, n. black-haw hushes.
mna-liea'-hea, n. the prairie lily.
mna-ki'-ya, v. a. to take up a collection for one.
innar)'-ka, v. 1st pers. sing, of yaijka ; to braid,

plait.
mna-'wa'-liar), pai-t. ripped.
mna-yar)', v. a. to gather together, collect, —

mnawaya, mnauriyaijpi.
mna-yar) '-pi, n. a collecting, collection ; harvest.
mna-ye'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to collect, — mna-

yewakiya.
mna'-za, n. a lion, lioness. It is doubtful to

what animal this name properly belongs ; but it is

used by the Dakotas for lion, although they have

never seen one. It may also be used for wolverine.
mni. See yumni.
nmi, v. a. to lay up to dry, spread out in the sun

to dry, — wamni, yamni, uqmnipi.
mni'-ei-ya, v. to assemble, as to a feast, etc. ; to

make a feast or call an assembly, — mnimi(5iya,

mninidiya, mniur)kiciyapi.
mni'-ga. See yumniga.
mni-he'-ca, v. n. See miniheca.
mni-hen'-ya, adv. See minihenya.
mni-he'-ya, v. a. See miniheya.

N.

n, the sixteenth letter of the Dakota alphabet. It
has the sound of English n in name, not, etc.,
and, except in a few cases, occurs only in the
beginning or middle of a syllable^

na, a prefix to verbs. It commonly indicates that
the action is done with the foot ; but it is also
used to express the efifects of frost, heat, etc.

na, V, imperat. only ; take it : na wo, na po.

na-a'-ga-ga, v. to plunge, said of fish plunging
in water : naagaga ^kari, it plays plunging about.

NAA

141

NAH

na-a'-hda-psii), v. to kick over, — naawahdapsig.
na-a'-hda-psii)-yar), v. naahdapsiijyai] iyeya,

to kick any thing over.
na-a'-hmus, cont. of naahmuza.
na-a'-hmu-za, v. n. to draw up, as a person

dying, — naawahmuza.
na-a'-ka-mni, v. naakamni iyeya, to cause to

burst or spread out, as one's moccasins.
na-a'-ka-sir), v. to bend backwards : naaka^iij

iyaya.
na-a'-mda-ya, v. to make level by trampling on,

— naawamdaya ; to become level or plain ; to

swell out full.
na-a'-tir)za, v. a. to tread down hard, — naawa-

tir)za.
na-bag', cont. of nabaka ; nabag iyeya, to kick

out the foot.
na-ba'-ka, v. n. to kick out the foot ; to struggle,

— nawabaka.
na-bu', V. a. to drum with the foot, beat on the

ground, stamp, — nawabu, nauijbupi.
na-bu'-bu, v. red. of nabu ; to make a noise by

stamping, — nawabubu.
na-eam'-eam. See nacapc'am.
na-car)'-ear), v. to make shake with the foot ; to

shake, — nawacaijcai).
na-eap'-eam, cont. of nacapcapa ; nacapcam ya,

to go on a trot.
na-6ap'-cam-ya, v. a. to cause to trot, — nacap-

camwaya.
na-eap'-ca-pa, v. n. to trot, as a horse.
na-ee', adv. perhaps.

na-ce'-ea, adv. perhaps, probably, it may be.
na-eeg', cont. of nadeka ; nadeg iyeya.
na-eeg'-eeg, cont. of nadegdeka.
na-eeg'-ee-ka, v. red. of nadeka.
na-ee'-ka, v. a. to make stagger by kicking, — na-

wadeka.
na-ee'-ki-skur), v. n. to lis loith one's back to the

fire, — nadeweskui).
na-een', adv. perhaps, about that.
na-cen'-ya, adv. probably.
na-ee'-ya, v. a. (na and deya) to make cry by

kicking, — nawadeya.
na-ei'-ka, v. Same as nadiljadaq.
na-ci'-ka-dar), v. to make small by trampling, —

nawadi^cadai) ; to become less by drying.
na-6i'-stir)-na, v. a. to make less iy trampling

on, — nawadistir)na.
na-ga', v. n. to gape open, as a wound: naga

iyeya, to cause to spread open.
na-ga'-ga, v. red. of naga; to splash with the

foot, — nawagaga; to spatter or fly out, as

grease on the fire.
na-ga'-ga-ken, adv. standing open, as a wound.

na-gam', cont. of nagapa ; nagam iyeya.
na-gan', cont. of nagata ; nagan iyeya.
na-gan'-ga-ta, v. red. of nagata.
na-ga'-pa, v. a. to strip off the skin of any thing

with the foot, — nawagapa.
na-ga'-ta, v. n. to stretch out the foot, — nawa-

gata.
na-gi', n. the soul, spirit of a pereon ; manes,

shades, ghosts (the Dakotas suppose several to

belong to one person) ; the shadow of any thing, —

minagi, ninagi, uijnagipi, widanagi : nagi iyaya,

he is gone to the spirit-land.
na-gi '-y a, v. n. to go to the spirit-world : nagi

mda, I go to the land of spirits.
na-gi'-ya-ta, or -wanagiyata, adv. at or in

the spirit-land.
na-gi'-ye-ya, v. a. to trouble, vex, bother one, —

nagiyewaya, nagiyemayaij.
na-go'-go, V. to scratch, as a cat ; to stick on, as

mud on one's foot.
na-gu'-ka, v. a. to sprain, as one's ankle.
na-ha'-Mi), adv. See nahaqhiij.
na-ha'-i-ye-ya, v. to kick out of the toay : naha

iyewaya, / kick out of the way.
na-har)'-hlr), adv. yet ; with sni, not yet : nahai)-

h-iij edamoi) sni, / have not yet done it.
na-har)'-K.ir)-ke-sni, adv. not yet, not time yet.
na-hba', v. n. to fall off', as quill-work or the

feathers of an arrow.
na-hda', v. n. to uncoil of itself.
na-hda'-ka. See inahdaka.
na-hda'-ka-ya, adv. sticking out, as the ribs of

an animal: nahdakaya wipi, it is so full that its

ribs stick out.
na-h.da'-kii)-yar), adv. set crosswise or turned

out, as the foot : siha nahdakiijyai) iyeya, to turn

the foot out.
na-hda'-psir)-yar), v. nahdap^iqyarj iyeya, to

turn bottom up with the foot.
na-hda'-ptus, cont. of nahdaptuza : nahdaptus

iyaya.
na'-hda'-ptu-za, v. n. to fly back, as a bow

that is bent, or as a tree that is pulled and let go.
na-h.de '-hde-za, v. n. to be checkered or marked.
na-hdo'-ka, v. a. to knock and injure, as the

joint of one's leg, — nawahdoka.
na-hin', cont. of nahirita ; nahin iyeya, to scrape

off with the foot.
na-hiri', v. impera,t. See na.
na-hir)'-ta, v. a. to wipe off with the foot, — na-

wahiijta.
na-hmi'-hma, v. a. to roll with the foot, — na-

wahmihma.
na-hnii'-yar)-yar), v. a. to make round with tlce

foot, — nawahmiyariyai).

NAH

142

NAK

5S^

na-hmug', v. n. to curl or crisp, as bark or burnt

leather.
na-hmuQ-hmur)', v. red. of nahmui).
na-hinui)'-yai),fflc?i'. curled: nahmuijyai) wai)ka,

it lies curled up.
na-hna', v. a. to knock off toiih the foot, as fruit,

— nawahna.
na-hna'-yar), v. a. to stumble, miss step ; to miss

in trying to kick, — nawahnayag.
na-hnu'-hnu, v. n. to swell up.
na-ho'-ho, v. a. to shake or make loose with the

foot, — nawaboho.
na-ho'-mni, v. a. to turn round with the foot, —

nawahomni.
na-hu'-hus, con*, of nab uhuza ; nabubus iyeya.
na-hu'-hu-za, v. a. to shake or rock with the foot,

— nawahubuza.
na-ha', v. n. to become rough, as one's hands when

chapped by the wind, — namaha ; to stand up on

end, as grains of corn when boiling.
na-Ram', cont. of nabapa ; nahain iyeya, to scare

or drive away by stamping.
na-fiam'-ha-pa, v. red. of nabapa.
na-har)'-hi-ya, adv. slowly, i. q. iwastedaij.
na-ha'-pa, v. a. to scare aioay by stamping, — na-

waliapa.
na-hba', v. a. to put to sleep by rocking with the

foot, — nawahba.
na-Rbe', v. See nahma.
na-hbe'-ya-har), adv. secretly.
na-hei', v. a. to break out a piece with the foot, —

nawabc'i.
na-heo', v. n. to come loose or untied, as one's

moccasins or leggins.
na-heo '-ka, v. n. to come loose, as one's leggins.
na-hco'-ya, adv. loose, untied, as the strings

that hold up one's leggins.
na-tda', v. a. to rattle with the foot, — nawabda.
na-Rda'-gai), v. n. to open, spread out, be en-
larged.
na-hda'-fida, v. red. of nabda.
na-hda'-ta, v. a. to scratch with the toes, — nawa-

bdata.
na-tda'-ya, v. n. to peel off, come loose, fall off,

as a sticking plaster.
na-hde'-ca, v. a. to rend, tear open with the foot,

— nawabdec'a, nauqbdecapi.
na-hde'-hde-ea, v. red. of nabdeca.
na-hden', cont. of nabdeca ; nabden iyeya.
na-hdog', cont. of nabdoka ; nalidog iyeya.
na-hdo'-hdo-ka, v. red. of nabdoka.
na-Rdo'-ka, v. a. to make a hole with the foot ;

to wear a hole in the foot by walking, — nawa-

bdoka.
na-he'-yan, cont. of nabeyata ; nabeyan iyeya.

na-fie'-ya-ta, v. a. to kick off to one side, — na-

wabeyata : nabeyata iyeya.
na-W-ca, v. a. to wake one up with the foot, —

nawabica.
na-hin', cont. of nabica ; nabin iyeya.
na-hma', v. a. to hide, conceal, — nawabbe, nauq-

bmaijpi.
na-hma'-na, adv. secretly, slyly, covertly.
na-bmir)', v. a. to turn out or make turn out, as

one's moccasins. — nawabmiq.
na-lior)', v. a. to hear any thing; to listen to ; to

attend to, obey, — nawaboi), nayaboi), nauijboiipi ;

namayaboi), thou hearest me.
na-hor)'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to hear, relate and

make hear, — naboijwakiya.
na-hoQ'-ya, v. a. to cause to hear, — nabo^waya,

naborimayai).
na-hpa", v. a. to touch or set off a trap with the

foot, throw down with the foot, — nawabpa.
na-hpe'-ya, v. a. to cause to make fall with the

/oo<,— nabpewaya.
na-fipu', V. a. to knock off with the foot any thing

sticking, — nawabpu ; to fall off of itself.
na-Rpu'-hpu, V. red. of nahpu ; to fall off, as

any thing that has been stuck on.
na-Bitag', cont. of nabtaka ; nahtag iyeya.
na-Ma'-Ma-ka, v. red. of nabtaka.
na-hta'-ka, v. a. to kick any thing, — nawabtaka,

nayabtaka, nauijbtakapi, namabtaka.
na-i'-eo-ga, v. n. to come loose, as one's leggins.
na-i'-eoli, cont. of naic'oga ; naicob iyeya, to

cause to come untied, as one's garters, — naicob

iyewaya.
na-i'-ei-Rbe, v. reflex. See nai^Jibma.
na-i'-ci-hma, v. reflex, of nabma ; to hide one-
self,— nami(Jibbe.
na-i'-pa-tku-ga, v. naipatkub iyeya, to kick into

a row or line.
na-i'-tpi-ska, v. naitpiska ebpeya, to kick over,

as a dog, on its back.
na-i'-turj-kam, v. naituijkam ebpeya, to kick

over backwards.
na-i'-yo-WEiS, cont. of naiyowaza ; naiyowas

iyeya.
na-i'-yo-'wa-za, v. a. to cause an echo by stamp-
ing,— nawaiyowaza.
na'-ka, adv. now, lately, but a short time ago,

to-day : naka ec'amoi), / did it just now.
na'-ka, v. n. to twitch, as the eye or flesh some-
times does involuntarily : ista manaka, »ny eye

twitches. See widanaka.
na-ka'-as, adv. indeed, truly.
na-ka'-es, adv. truly, indeed, of course.
na-ka'-ha, adv. now, lately, to-day, referring to

the past.

NAK

143

NAK

na-kah', adv. just now, lately.
na-ka'-po-gai), v. n. to rise, swell up, as bread rises.
na-kas', adv. indeed, truly.
na-ka'-tir), v. to straighten with the foot, — nawa-

kati;) ; to become straight of itself.
na-ka'-Tva, v. to spring open ; to kick open, —

nawakawa.
na-kca', v. to untie or loosen with the foot, — na-

wakca ; to come loose of itself.
na-ke'-nu-na, adv. during a short time, a little

while : nakenuna wani, / have lived but a little

while.
na-ke'-ya, v. n. to slope.
na-ke'-ya, adv. sloping, leaning, not level.
na-ki'-ci-bu, v. of nabu ; to drum with the

foot for one, — nawecibu.
na-ki'-ci-hmun, v. of nahmujj ; to twist or be-
come twisted for one, — namicihmur).
na-ki'-ei-hu-hu-za, v. of nahuhuza ; to shake

for one, — nawecihuhuza.
na-ki'-6i-hu-hu-za-pi, n. seesawing.
na-ki'-ci-liina, v. of nahma ; to conceal for one,

— naweciBibe, naui)kicihmai)pi.
na-ki'-ei-hoi), v. of nahori ; to hear for one, —

naweciboi) ; nakicilioijpi, they hear each other.
na-ki'-ci-hta-ka, v. of naRtaka ; to kick for

one, — nawecibtaka ; nakicihtakapi, they kick each

other.
na-kl'-ei-ksa, v. of naksa ; to break off with the

foot for one, — nawec'iksa.
na-ki'-ci-ku-ka, v. of nakuka ; to wear out with

the foot for one, — nawecikuka.
na-ki'-ci-ksir), v. of nakik^iq ; to stand up for

one in danger, stand by one, — nawec'iksii).
na-ki'-ci-mda-ya, v. of namdaya ; to make

level by trampling on for one, — nawecimdaya.
na-ki'-ci-mde-ca, v. of namdec'a ; to break, as

a plate, /or one with the foot, — nawec'imdeca ; to

break for one by freezing, etc., — namicimdec'a.
na-ki'-ei-pa, v. of napa ; to flee from any person

or thing, — nawedipa, namicipa.
na-ki'-ci-pai), v. of napaij ; to trample or tread

out, as grain, /or one, — nawecipai).
na-ki'-ei-po-ta, v. of napota ; to wear out, as

moccasins, /or one, — nawecipota.
na-ki'-ei-psa-ka, v. of napsaka ; to break, as a

cord, with the foot for one, — nawecipsaka.
na-kl'-ci-su-ta, v. of nasuta; to tread hard for

one, — nawecisuta, nauijkicisutapi.
na-ki'-ei-spa, v. of naspa ; to kick off for one

any thing sticking, — naweci^pa.
na-ki'-ei-ta-ka, v. of nataka ; to fasten or lock

for one, — nawecitaka.
na-ki'-ei-tar)-pi, v. recip. of nataij ; to kick each

other, as boys in play, — naui)kicitai}pi.

na-ki'-ei-'we-ga, v. of nawega ; to break, as an

axe-handle, for one, by treading on it, — nawedi-

wega.
na-ki'-ei-'wl-zi-pi, v. recip. of nawizi ; they are

jealous of each other, — nauijkiciwizipi.
na-ki'-ci-za, v. of naia or nakiia ; to tread out

for one ; to hull for one, as rice, by treading, —

naweciza.
na-ki'-ci-zig, v. of naiii) ; to stand for one, stand

in one's place, — nawecizii).
na-ki'-ei-zir)-ka, v. to stand up for one, stand

by one, — naweciiiijka.
na-ki'-hmur), v. of nalmiuq ; to become twisted

of itself for one, — namakihmui).
na-ki'-hbe, v. See nakihma.
na-ki'-Rma, v. a. pos. of nalima ; to hide or con-
ceal oneself, — nawakilibe, naurikifimaqpi.
na-ki'-hor), v. pos. of nahoi) ; to hear one's own,

as what one has said or is reputed to have said,

— nawakihoi).
na-ki'-kin-ya, adv. tenderly, soft : nakikinya

^pai), it is well cooked.
na-ki'-ki-ta, v. n. to be made Umber or tender

by boiling ; to trample and make limber, — nawa-

kikita.
na-ki'-ksa, v. pos. of naksa ; to break one's own

with the foot, — nawcksa and nawakiksa.
na-ki'-ksir), v. a. to go to one's help in danger,

— naweksii). See anakik^ii).
na-ki'-mda-ya, v. pos. of namdaya ; to trample

one's own level, — nawakimdaya.
na-ki'-mde-ca, v. pos. of namdec'a ; to break

one's own by treading on it, — nawakimdeca.
na-ki'-mni, v. pos. of namui ; to turn back to

one's home, — nawakiinni.
na-kln', cant, of nakiqca and nakiqta; nakin

iyeya, to scrape off loith the foot.
na-kir)'-ca, v. a. to scrape off, as hair, with the

foot, — nawakiijca, naui)kir)capi.
na-kig'-ta, V. a. to brash off with the foot, — na-

wakiijta.
na-ki'-pa, v. pos. of napa ; to flee or retreat

towards home, turn back for fear, — nawakipa.
na-ki'-pa-ya, v. n. to straighten up of itself, as

grass that has been trampled down.
na-ki'-p6a, v. pos. of napc'a ; to swallow down

one^s own, as one's spittle, — nawakipc'a.
na-ki'-psa-ka, v. pos. of napsaka ; to break with

the foot one's own string, — nawakipsaka.
na-ki'-psor), v. j)os. of napsog ; to sjnll over one's

own with the foot, — nawakipsoi).
na-kl'-pu-ski-6a, v. a. to pi-ess close together

with the feet, — nawakipuskica.
na-ki'-sdo-ka, v. pos. of nasdoka ; to extricate

oneself from, kick off one's own moccasins.

NAK

144

NAM

na-ki'-sna, v.ims. of nasna ; to miss one's footing,

to slip, — nawakisna.
na-ki'-ta-ka, v. pos. of nataka ; to fence, fasten,

bolt or bar one's own, — nawakitaka.
na-ki'-"we-ga, v. pos. of nawega ; to break or

splinter onis own with the feet, — nawakiwega.
na-ki'-'wi-zi, v. a. of nawizi ; to be envious of,

jealous of, — nawakiwizi, namakiwizi.
na-ki'-za, v. jjos. of naza ; to tread out one's

own rice.
na-kog', cont. of nakoka ; nakog iyeya.
na-ko'-ka, v. a. to rattle, as a bell, with the foot,

— nawakoka.
na-ko'-ko-ka, adj. rowjh, as a country : lie na-

kokoka, a rough hill.
na-kpa', n. the external ear, auricle ; the ears of

animals.
na-kpa', v. n. ista nakpa, to become blind.
na-kpa', v. to crackle, as fire. See iiakpakpa.
na-kpa'-a-zog-ki-ya, v. n. to prick up the ears,

as a hoi-se at any thing.
na-kpa'-a-zo-ki-ya, v. See uakpaaiogkiya.
na-kpa'-gi-ea, m. the marten.
na-kpa'-gi-ea-dar), n. a small marten.
na-kpa'-kpa, v. n. to crackle, as wood burning.
na-kpar)', n. the sineios of the wrist. See nap-

kai).
na-kpi', v. a. to crack, as a nut, with the foot, —

nawakpi.
na-kpi'-kpi, r. red. of nakpi ; to make successive

sounds, as a gun sometimes does in hanging fire,
na-ksa', v. a. to break off, as a stick, with the

/oo?,^nawaksa, nauqksapi.
na-ksa'-ksa, v. red. of naksa.
na-ksa'-ya, v. to cause to break with the foot, —

naksawaya.
na-ksi'-za, v. n. to split or crack of itself; i. q.

uapsiza.
na-ksa', v. n. to coil, roll up, as any thing burnt,
na-ksa'-dar), v. n. See naksa.
na-ksai), v. a. to crook or bend with the foot,

— nawakiai).
na-ksar)'-ksar), v. red. of naksai).
na-ksi'-ksi-za, v. red. of naksiza.
na-ksis', cont. of nak^iia ; nak^is iyeya, to bend

up, as one's legs.
na-ksi'-za, v. to double up any thing teith the
foot, bend up the leg ; to double up itself, — nawa-

ksiia.
na-ktar)', v. a. to bend with the foot, — nawaktai).
na-ktar)'-ktar), v. red. of naktai).
na-ktar) '-yar), v. a. to cause to bend with the

foot, — naktai) waya.
na-kti'-he-ea, v. n. to stumble, trip, miss step,

knock the feet together in walking, — nawaktiheca.

na-kti'-he-ya, adv. tripping, stumbling ; nakti-

heya mani, to walk stumblingly.
na-ku'-ka, v. a. to wear out with the feet, — na-

wakuka.
na-kur)', conj. and, also.
na-mda', v. n. to split off straight.

na-mda'-ga, v. n. to swell out, burst open, as
corn boiling.

na-mdah', cont. of namdaga ; namdah iyaya.

na-mdas', cont. of namdaza ; namdas iyeya.

na-mda'-ska, V. a. to flatten with the foot, — na-
waindaska.

na-mda'-ya, v. to make level or smooth with the
foot ; to become level, spread out, — nawamdaya.

na-mda'-za, v. to kick open, make burst by kick-
ing,— nawamdaza : to burst, as a kettle by freez-
ing, to burst open, as hommony by boiling, or as
one's entrails, etc.

na-mde'-ea, v. to break, as glass, etc., with the
foot, — nawamdeca ; to break, as earthenware or
glass, by freezing.

na-mde'-mde-ea, v. red. of namdeca.

na-mden', cont. of namdeca ; naraden iyeya.

na-mden'-ya, v. a. to cause to break with the
foot, — namdenwaya.

na-mde'-za, v. n. to hull, as corn does by being
boiled in ashes.

na-mdu', v. a. to pulverize, tread up fine, — na-
wamdu.

na-mdu', v. n. to become dry and fine, as sugar
stirred up ; to wear off, as a gun-lock, so that it
will not stand cocked.

na-mdu'-mdu, v. red. of namdu.

na-mdu'-ya, v. n. to break or xoear off, as a gun-
lock, so that it will not stand ; to be plain or
manifest, as tracks not long since made ; to blos-
som.

na-mdu'-ya, v. a. to cause to wear off, as a gun-
lock, so that it will not stand cocked, — namdu-
waya.

nam-ka'-"wii), v. (nape and kawijj) to beckon
with the hand, wave the hand, — namwakawiij.

nam-ki'-ea-win, v. a. to beckon to with the hand,
— namwecawiq, nammicawii).

na-mna', v. to rip, as the sewing of one's moc-
casins,— nawamna ; to rip of itself.

na-mna '-mna, v. red. of namna.

na-nuia'-yar), v. a. to cause to rip, as one's moc-
casins,— namnawaya.

na-mni', v. n. to turn back when going on a
journey, to give out going, — nawamni.

na-nmi'-ga, v. n. to shrink, draw up, full up, as
cloth.

na-nuii'-mni, v. red. of namni ; to swing, as one's
blanket.

NAM

145

NAP

na-mnih', cont of namniga ; namnii iyaya.
na-mnih'-ya, v. a. to cause lo shrink, to fall up,

as clotli, — namniliwaya.
na-na', intj. This is said to be used by the women

when running after a boy they are unable to

catch, meaning, well, well! I will do it some

time f
na'-na, adv. alone, only ; used with the pronouns

mis, ni^, i^, uijki^.
na-na'ke-ya, v. a. to push and make slope or lean

with the foot, — nawanakeya.
na-ni', v. a. to touch or jog with the foot, rouse

up, — nawani.
na-ni'-ni, v. red. of nani ; to jog with the foot,

wake up, — nawanini.
nar)-ka', v. 2d pers. sing, of yaqk'', to be.
nar)'-ka, v. 2d pers. sing, of y4qka, to weave.
nar)-kpa', n. See nakpa.
na-o'-hda-psir), v. naohdapsiri ehpeya, to kick

any thing over bottom up.
na-o'-hda-psir)-yaQ, adv. kicking over : nao-

hdap^iqyai) iyeya, to kick over.
na-o'-hdu-ta, v. naohduta iyeya, to close up or

cover with the foot.
na-o'-hmi-hma, v. to roll any thing with the

foot : naohmihma iyeya.
na-o'-hmus, cont. of naohmuza ; naohmus iyaya.
na-o'-hmu-za, v. to close up of itself ; to close

up or cover with the foot, — naowahmuza, naouq-

hmuzapi.
na-o'-liar)-ko, v. a. to quicken one's movements

by kicking him, — naowahaqko.
na-o'-bmii), v. n. to glance off sideways, as a

hutinacute : naohmiq iyaya.
na-o'-lipa, v. n. to press or sink down into, as

into mud or water ; to break through, as into a

corn-hole.
na-o'-hpe-ya, v. a. to cause to sink dovm into, to

make break through, — naohpewaya.
na-o'-ksa, v. to break through, as when walking

on ice or crusted snow, — naowaksa, naouqksapi.
na-o'-ksir), v. n. to turn in the toes, as in walk-
ing,— naowaksig : naok^ii) mani, to walk with the

toes turned in.
na-o'-ktar), v. a. to bend info with the foot, — nao-

waktai).
na-o'-ktar)-yar), adv. bent in : naoktagyag

waqka, it lies bent in.
na-o'-mnu-mnu-za, v. red. of naomnuza.
na-o'-nmus, cont. of naomnuza : naomnus iyaya.
na-o'-mnu-za, v. a. to make creak or sound, as

when one walks on newly formed ice, — naowa-

mnuza.
na-o'-nmi-nma, v. a. to roll, as a ball, etc., with

the foot, — nawaonminma and naowanminma.
19

na-or)'-ze-bo-sdan, v. naoqzebosdan iyeya, to

kick bottom upwards ; naoijzebosdan iyei^iya, to

turn a somerset.
na-o'-po, V. n. to warp ; to draw together, as a

flower, to shut up.
na-o'-sdi, v. n. to press up around, as when one

sits down in soft mud.
na-o'-sdi-ya, adv. puffed up around : naoidiya

po, sioelled up full.
na-o'-sir), v. a. to make into a hard knot by kick-
ing, as a horse his traces, — naowa^ii).
na-o'-sir)-yar), adv. in tlie manner of a hard

knot : naosiiiyai) iyaya, to become a hard knot.
na-o'-tir)S, cont. of naotiijza; naotii)s iyeya.
na-o'-tios-ya, v. a. to cause to press down tight

in, as a horse's foot, — naotiqswaya.
na-o'-tir)-za, v. a. to press in tight with the foot,

— naowatiijza, naoui)tii)zapi.
na-pa', v. n. to run away, flee, — nawapa, nayapa.
na-pa'-hde, v. a. (nape and ahde) to place the

hand on, bear down on with the hand, — napa-

wahde.
na-pa'-hur(-ka and napahupke, n. (nape and

huqka) the thumb.
na-pa'-ka-ha, n. the back of the hand.
na-pa'-ko, v. n. to bend up of itself.
na-pa'-ko-ya, adv. rounded up : napakoya po,

swelled up.
na-pa'-nug-kii), adv. with both hands : napa-

nuqkiq yuza, to take hold of with both hands.
na-pai)', v. a. to trample fine ; to tread out, as

grain, — nawapai] .
na-par)'-par), v. red. of napaq.
na-pa'-pa-ga, v. n. to snap or crackle, as com

parching, or as sinews thrown into the fire.
na-pa'-paJBi, cont. of napapaga ; napapah iyeya.
na-pa'-pali-ya, v. a. to parch, as corn, — napa-

pahwaya.
na-pa'-pa-sde-ea-pi, n. of nape; the distance

from the end of the thumb to the end of the

middle finger when stretched out, a span.
na-pa'-ta, adv. by the hand : napata yuza, to hold

by the hand.
na-pa'-tu-za, v. a. of patuia ; to kick and make

bend : napatus iyeya.
na-pea', v. a. to swallow, as food, — nawapda, na-

uijpdapi.
na-pca'-pea, v. red. of napca ; napcapda iyeya.
na-pea'-ya, v. a. to cause to swallow, — napda-

waya.
na-pcir)'--war)g-'war)-ka, adj. red. of napdifl-

wai)ka ; nine and nine, by nines.
na-peig'-warj-ka, num. adj. nine.
na-peo', n. the lean meat near the back bone, the

longissimus dorsi. See tanapco.

NAP

146

NAP

na-pco'-ka, ». (nape and cokaya) the palm of

the hand.
na-pcu'-pe, n. a finger, fingers : maza napc'upe,

finger-rings.
na-p6u'-pe-o-Rda, n. (Sisit.) finger-rings.
na-pe', v. See napa.

na-pe', n. the hand ; the fore-foot of animals.
na-pe '-a-pa-ha, v. to raise the hand to strike

any thing : napeapaha makuwa, he follows me

with his hand raised.
na-pe'-hdu-za-za, v. to wash one's own hands.
na-pe'-he-ya-ta-he-dai), n. {little-far-back-
hands) the mole. There are no moles in

the Dakota country.
na-pe '-kl-co-za, v. to wave the hand to, — nape-

wec'oza.
na-pe'-ko-za, v. to wave the hand, — napewa-

koza.
na-pe '-ksi-ksa, v. to have the hands numb or

stiff with cold, — napemak^ik^a.
na-pe'-mni, v. ?j. of pemni ; to twist of itself.
na-pe'-o-co-ka-ya, n. the middle finger.
na-pe '-o-hna-ka, n. a handful.
na-pe '-o-star)-na, n. (nape and ostaq) a thim-
ble.
na-pe '-o-star)-pi-dai), n. a thimble, thimbles.
na-pe'-sni-ka-ga-pi, n. [make-no-flight) the

name of a dance and feasts connected with it, in

which they covenant not to flee in battle.
na-pe'-to-ka-he-ya, n. the fore-finger.
na-pe'-ya, v. a. to cause to fiee, to drive off or

away, — napewaya, napeui)yai)pi.
na-pe'-ye-ki-ya, v. to stretch out the hand to.
na-pe'-ye-ya, v. to stretch out the hand, — nape-

yewaya.
na-pi'-ca-ska, v. (nape and ka^ka) to tie to the

hands of one.
na-pi'-ca-ske-ya, adv. tied to the hand, i. e. al-
ways mth one, following one about : napica^-

keya ui), to accompany constantly.
na-pl'-co-za, v. See napekoza.
na-pin', adv. they two, both.
na-pin'-tu, adv. alike, equal, as two things.
na-pir)', adj. satisfying, strong, as some kinds of

food. This word expresses that property in food

which makes one soon satisfied.
na-pir) '-kpa, n. mittens.
na-pir) 'kpa-yu-ga-ga, n. gloves.
na-pir)'-piQ, adj. red. of napii).
na-pir) '-tpa, n. mittens. Same as napiqkpa.
na-pir)'-yur), adv. with the hands or arms alone,

without weapons : napiqyuq codaq, without any

thing in the hand.
na-pir)'-za, v. n. to creak, make a creaking

noise.

na-pi'-skaQ, v. n. to put the hand to for evil, lay

hands on.
na-pi'-skar)-yai), v. a. to hurt or destroy any

thing, to kill, especially what is not one's own, —

napiskaijwaya.
na-pi'-star), v. n. Same as napi^kai).
na-pi'-star)-yaQ, v. a. to lay violent hands on,

to hurt, injure, or destroy any thing, — napistaij-

waya, napistaijuriyaijpi.
na-pi'-'wi-eos, cont. of napiwic'oza.
na-pi'-"wi-co-za, v. to beckon with the hand to,

make gestures.
na-pi'-yui), adv. See napiijyui).
na-pi'-yu-ze-ea, v. to take a thing into one's

own hands, to do it oneself, — napimduzeca.
nap-kar)', «. (nape and kaq) the sinews of the

wrist.
nap-ka'-vrir), v. n. to beckon with the hand, —

napwakawii).
nap-kl'-ca-Awir), v. a. to beckon to one, — napwe-

cawiij.
nap-ki'-co-za, v. a. to wave the hand to, — nap-

wecoza.
nap-ko'-za, v. to wave the hand, — napwakoza.
na-po', v. n. to swell, as corn soaked.
na-po'-gar), v. n. to ferment, as yeast.
na-po '-hna, n. what is in the hand, i. e. a handful.
na-po'-hna-ka, v. a. to put into the hand, —

napowahnaka.
na-po'-hna-ka, n. a handful.
na-poh', cont. of napogai) ; napoh iyeya.
na-pof -ya, v. a. to cause to ferment, to leaven,

make light, — napohwaya. Hence, oi) napohyapi,

leaven.
na-po '-ka-ske, n. the wrist.
na-pom', cont. of napopa ; napom highda, to

burst with a noise ; napom iyeya, to cause to

burst and make a noise.
na-pon', cont. of napota ; napon iyeya.
na-pon'-po-ta, v. red. of napota.
na-por)', v. n. to become fine, crumble up of itself.
na-po'-pa, v. n. to burst, as a boiler, or as a

gun.
na-po'-pa-ba-ga, v. a. to rub in the hands, —

napowapabaga.
na-po'-star)-na, n. (nape and oitax)) a thimble.
na-po'-star)-pi-dar), n. a thimble, thimbles.
na-po'-ta, v. a. to wear out with the feet, as shoes,

etc., — nawapota, naui)potapi.
na-pot'-po-ta, v. red. of napota.
na-po'-"wa-ya, v. n. to spread or open out, as a

flower.
na-psag', cont. of napsaka ; napsag iyeya.
na-psa'-ka, v. a. to break, as a cord, with the

foot, — nawapsaka, nauqpsakapi.

NAP

14V

NAS

nap-sai)'-ni, n. (nape and saijni) the fiand on one

side, one hand of a person.
na-psa'-psa-ka, v. red. of napsaka.
na-psi'-ea, v. n. to skip or jump about, — na-

wapsic'a.
na-psin', cont. of napsica ; napsin iyaya.
na-psin'-ya, v. a. to make jump, — napsinwaya.
na-psi'-psi-ea, v. red. of napsica ; to dance about,

— nawapsipsica : to spatter out, as hot grease

when water is dropped into it.
na-psi'-psin, cont. of napsipsica ; napsipsin

iyaya.
na-psi'-psin-ya, v. a. to make skip or dance

about, — napsipsinwaya.
na-psi'-za, v. n. to split or crack of itself.
na-psor)', or napsui), v. a. to kick over and spill;

to throw out of a canoe ; to make a canoe dip

water, — nawapsoi) ; nai^ipsoi), to throw oneself

out.
na-psu'-ka-za, n. (nape and sukaza) the fingers.
na-psur)', v. a. See napsoi).
na-psui)', V. a. to put out of joint, as a foot or

leg, — nawapsui) .
na-pta', v. a. to sprain, as one's leg ; to wear off,

— nawapta. See hunapta.
na-pta'-hpa-ya, adv. naptahpaya waqka, to lie

on the belly resting on the arms.
na-ptar)'-yar), v. to kick over, — nawaptaijyai) ;

to turn over of itself.
na-ptar)'-yar)-ken, ac?i». in the manner of turn-
ing over.
na-pte'-ca, adv. less.
na-pten', cont. of napte<!a.
na-pten'-ya, adv. less.
na-pten'-ye-dar), adv. less, diminished.
nap-to '-ka-he-y a, n. the fore-finger.
na-ptu'-ptu-za, v. red. of naptuza.
na-ptus', cont. of naptuza ; naptus iyaya.
na-ptu'-za, v. n. to crack, split of itself or by the

action of heat or cold.
na-pir)', v. a. to wear around the neck, as a ker-
chief or neck ornament, beads, etc., — nawapii).
na-pii)'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to wear on the neck,

— napiijwakiya. See wanapir).
na-pir)'-pi, n. cai) napiijpi, an ox-yoke.
na-sa', and nase, v. a. to hunt buffalo, to sur-
round and kill, as they do in a buffalo hunt, —

nawasa.
na-sa', v. n. to stand erect, as hogs' bristles.
na-s'a', v. n. to simmer, make a slight noise, as

water before boiling.
na-sa'-tii), v. nasatiij iyeya, to stretch out, as an

animal when dying ; to become straight.
na-sa'-tlr)-tir), v. red. of nasatii) ; nasatiijtiq

iyaya, to go straight, as a hutinacute.

na-sda', v. a. to grease with the foot, — nawasda.
na-sdan', cont. of nasdata ; without noise, stilly.
na-sda'-sdan, cont. of nasdasdata.
na-sda'-sda-ta, v. red. of nasdata.
na-sda '-ta, v. a. to go softly up to any thing, to

crawl up to, — nawasdata.
na-sde'-ea, v. n. to crack or split of itself, as

wood.
na-sden', cont. of nasdeca ; nasden iyaya.
na-sden'-ya, v. a. to cause to split or crack, —

nasdenwaya.
na-sde'-sde-ea, v. red. of nasdeca.
na-sdi', v. n. to hiss, as wet wood burning.
na-sdi'-sdi, v. red. of nasdi.
na-sem', cont. of nasepa ; nasem iyaya, to go

scraping along, cleaning off, brushing off.
na-sem'-se-pa, v. red. of nasepa.
na-se'-pa, v. n. to leak out, escape of itself.
na-ski'-ca, v. to press doton with the foot, — na-

waskic'a ; to go down or become less of itself.
na-skin', cont. of naskica ; naskin iyaya, to abate

or go down, as a swelling.
na-ski'-ta, v. a. to tread on and press down, —

nawaskita.
na-smir('-yar), v. a. to scrape off with the foot,

— nawasmiijyai) .
na-smir)'-yai)-yar), v. red. of nasmiijyai} ; to

scrape or wear off with the feet and leave bare, —

nawasmiqyaijyai) .
na-sna', v. to make a rattling noise with the feet ;

to shake off with the foot, — nawasna : to fall «ff

of itself, as rice when the tying breaks.
na-sna'-sna, v. red. of nasna ; nasnasna mani, to

make a tinkling as one walks.
na-son', cont. of nasota ; nason iyeya.
na-soi)', or nasui), v. n. to stretch out the feet

and legs, — nawasoi), nauijsoijpi.
na-sor)'-sog, v. red. of nasoi) ; to struggle, — na-

wasoi)soi). ■•

na-soi)'-yar), adv. in a struggling manner.
na-so'-ta, v. a. to use up ; to destroy toitk the

feet, — nawasota, nauijsotapi.
na-spa'-ya, v. a. to wet with the feet ; to wet the

feet, — nawaspaya.
na-star)'-ka, v. a. to moisten with the feet, — na-

wasta^ka.
na-su', n. the upper part of the head ; the brain.
na-su'-eil)-ca, n. the brain, or that part of it

which communicates with the spinal marrow.
na-su'-dar), n. dim. of nasu ; the cerebellum.
na-su'-hu, n. the skull, cranium.
na-sur)', v. See nasoi).
na-su'-su-za, v. red. of nasuza ; to snap, as ice

forming.
na-su'-sda, adj. bald-headed.

NAS

148

NAT

na-su'-ta, v. a. to trample hard, — nawasuta.
ua-su'-za, v. n. to splinter or fly off, as a, piece

of a bone ; to snap, as water freezing.
na-sa', v. n. (na and sa) to become red, to blush :

ite nasa hiqhda, his face colored up.
na-sa'-da, v. to turn out the toes, as in walking ;

nasada inani, to walk turning out the feet, — nawa-

^ada.
na-sam', cant, of na^apa ; na^am iyeya.
na-sam'-ya, v. a. to cause to soil with the feet,

— nasamwaya.
na-sa'-pa, v. a. to soil, blacken, defile with the

feet, — nawa^apa.
na-sbe', v. See naima.
na-sda', v. a. to make hare with the feet, — nawa-

Ma.
na-sda'-ya, v. n. to come off, as the hull from

corn when boiled.
na-sdi', v. n. to ooze out, as sap from trees, or

juice from meat roasting. ^

na-sdog', cont. of nasdoka ; naWog iyaya, to run

or flee away ; na^dog hdicu, he starts off home in

haste.
na-sdo'-ka, v. a. to pull off, as one's pantaloons ;

to escape, fly out, as the cork of a bottle, — nawai-

doka.
na-sdun', cont. of naiduta ; naidun iyeya.
na-sdu'-sdun, cont. of na^duiduta.
na-sdu'-sdu-ta, v. to slip often ; to make smooth

with the foot, — nawa^du^duta.
na-sdu'-ta, v. n. to slip, slide, slip down, — na-

wasduta.
na-se'-ea, v. a. to make wither by trampling on,

as grass, — nawaseca.
na-sen'-ya, v. a. to cause to trample on and

make wither, — na^enwaya.
na-si'-ca, v. a. to defile, spoil with the feet, — na-

wasica, nauq^icapi.
na-si'-oa-ho-'wa-ya, v. a. to make cry out by

kicking, — nawa^icahowaya.
na-sim', cont. of nasipa ; nasim iyaya.
na-sim'-siin, red. of nasim ; na^im^im iyeya.
na-sir)'-sir), n. a scar, a bum.
na-sii)'-sir)-ya, adv. crisped : na^iq^iqya ipai),

cooked to a crisp.
na-si'-pa, v. a. to break off, as branches of a tree,

by stepping on them ; to put out of joint, as one's

knee, — nawa^ipa.
na-ska', v. a. to untie with the foot, — nawa^ka.
na-ska', n. a frog. See also hna^ka.
na-ska'-eai)-di'-dai), n. the tree-frog.
na-skarj'-skari, v. a. to shake or move about with

the foot, — nawa4kai)skaij,
na-8ka'-tor)-tor)-tar)-ka, n, the bull-frog. See

toqtoqtaqka.

na-ski'-ca, v. a. to jn-ess with the foot, press out

by trampling on, — nawaskida.
na-ski'-eu-te, ». little arrows, used in shooting

frogs.
na-skin', cont. of na^kica ; naskin iyeya.
na-ski'-ska, v. a. to make rough, as gi-ound, by

trampling on it, — nawaskiska.
na-sko'-kpa, v. a. to indent, make a hollow place

tpith the foot, — nawaskokpa.
na-sko'-pa, v. to twist with the foot, — nawa-

^kopa ; to twist or become crooked of itself.
na-sko'-sko-pa, v. red. of naskopa.
na-sko'-tpa, v. a. Same as na^kokpa.
na-sma', v. a. to hollow out or deepen with the

feet, — nawasbe.
na-sna', v. n. to slip, miss one's footing, — nawa-

sna.
na-sna'-sna, v. red. of nasna.
na-sni'-za, v. a. to trample on and kill, as grass,

— nawasniza.
na-snur)'-za, v. n. to become injured of itself ;

to become withered.
na-so'-sa, v. a. to foul or make turbid, as water,

with the feet, — nawa^osa.
na-spa', v. a. to break off any thing vtith the foot ;

to take any thing /rom a trap, — nawaspa.
na-spa'-spa, v. red. of na^pa.
na-spe'-ya, v. a. to cause to break off with the

foot ; to break off a piece by shooting, as from a

gun, — na^pewaya.
na-spi', V. a. to break off, as fruit, with the foot,

— nawa^pi.
na-spu', V. a. to break off with the foot, as pump-
kins,— nawa^pu.
na-spu'-spu, v. red. of na^pu ; to break off pieces,

break in pieces with the foot, as tallow, — nawa-

^puspu ; to come to pieces, as in boiling.
na-sus', cont. of naiuia ; nasus iyeya.
na-su'-sus, cont. of nasu^uia.
na-su'-su-za, v. red. of na^uia ; to bruise or mash

by trampling on, — nawa^usuia.
na-su'-za, v. a. to bruise or crush with the foot ;

to crack off a piece, as from a leg-bone, — nawa-

^u^a.
na-ta', v. nata iyeya, to kick out of the way.
na-tag', cont. of nataka; natag iyeya, to fasten ;

natag hai), to stand fastened.
na-ta'-ka, v. a. to fasten, as a house, to bolt, bar

or barricade ; to fence, as a field, — nawataka.
na-tar)', v. a. to toiich with the foot, — nawataq ;

to make an attack, go after and rush upon, as on

enemies. See anatai).
na-tar) '-ir)-sni, v. a. to walk or run off, to go

off, as fatigue or partial sickness : nataqiijfoi iyeya,

— nawatai)ii)^ni.

NAT

140

NAZ

na-tar)'-ka, v. n. to enlarge, become larger.

na-tar)'-tar), v. a. red. of natai) ; to feel after
loith the feet, — nawatarjtai).

na-ta'-om, adv. leaning, inclined.

na-ta'-om-ya, ado. leaning : nataomya hai), it
stands leaning.

na-ta'-pe-ta, n. a toad.

na-ta'-ta, v. a. to shake off, as dust from one's
feet or blanket, — nawatata.

na-tem', cont. of natepa ; natem iyeya.

na-tem'-ya, v. a. to cause to wear of, as one's
horse's hoof, — natemwaya.

na-te'-pa, v. a. to wear off with the foot, wear
.short, as a hoof or shoe, — nawatepa.

na-ti'-6a, v. a. to scrape with the foot ; to paw,
as a horse, — nawatica.

na-ti'-kti-ea, v. n. to thicken by boiling.

na-tim', cont. of natipa ; natim iyaya.

na-tim'-ti-pa, v. red. of natipa.

na-tim'-ya, v. a. to cause to draw up, — natim-
waya.

na-tin', conl. of natica ; natin iyeya.

na-tii)', V. n. to become stiff, as a dead person.

na-ti'-pa, v. n. to draw up, as leather, meat, etc.,
when put on the fire, to crisp ; to cramp, con-
tract, as muscles.

na-ti'-tar), v. a. to pull, pull backwards or for-
wards by bracing the feet, as a horse in pulling, —
nawatitar), nauijtitaijpi.

na-tku', V. a, to break square off with the foot, —
nawatku : hu nawatku se<5a, it seems as if I had
broken my leg.

na-to'-to, V. a. to make a noise by knocking with
the foot ; to clear off, as brush, etc., — nawatoto.

na-tpa', n. the external ear, the ear of animals.
Same as nakpa.

na-tpa', v. noge natpa, to become deaf by sick-
ness.

na-tpa'-gi-CEi, n. the marten, Mustela martes.
Same as nakpagida.

na-tpa'-gi-ca-dai), n. the marten.

na-tpar)', v. a. to bruise or mash up fine with the^
feet, — nawatpaq .

na-tpar) '-tpar), v. red. of natpai).

na-tpi', V. to crack by treading on. — nawatpi ;
to crack of itself, as fire snapping.

na-tpi'-tpi, v. red. of natpi ; to crack or snap, as
fire burning. Said also of many guns fired oft'
about the same time.

na-tpi'-yo-ta-he-dar), adv. of natpa ; between
the ears.

na-tpo'-ta, v. pos. of napota ; to wear out one's
own moccasins, etc., — nawatpota.

na-tpu'-tpa, v. n. to mix together, as in boil-
ing.

corn-silk ; the hair on the side of the
to stamp off and destroy, as fur,

na-tu', n.

head.
na-tu'-ka, v. a.

— nawatuka.
na-tu'-ta, v. n. to smart, as one's feet by travel-
ling : siha namatuta, my feet smart.
na-tu '-tka, v. a. to knock pieces off with the foot,

— nawatutka.
na-ta', v. a. to kill by kicki7ig,—nsiwa^Si.
na-tir)s', cont. of natiijza ; natii)s iyeya.
na-tir)'-za, v. a. to press hard with the foot, —

nawatii)za.
na-"wa'-ni-ea, v. a. to trample to nothing, to

destroy by trampling on, — nawawanica.
na-"wa'-nin, cont. of nawanica ; nawanin iyeya,

to walk or run off sickness or fatigue ; to destroy

or annihilate, as by the bursting of a boiler.
na-Avagg', cont. of nawaqka ; nawarig iyaya.
na-"war)g'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to gallop, as a

horse, — nawaijgwakiya.
na-"wai)'-ka, v. n. to gallop, as a horse does.
na-'war)'-k£in, v. nawaqkan hiyu, to spring up,

as the boards of a floor.
na-vra'-te, n. the temples ; the ends of a house ;

the lock of a gun.
na-'wa'-te-ska-dai), n. a kind of small duck

with a white .spot on each side of the head.
na-'we'-ga, v. a. to break, as a stick, with the

foot, but not entirely oif, — nawawega.
na-"wefi.', cont. of nawega ; naweh iyeya.
na-"weli'-ya, v. a. to cause to break with the foot,

— naweliwaya.
na-'wi'-hnu-ni, v. a. to destroy vnth the foot, —

nawawihnuni.
na-"wir)', v. n. to sail around, as an eagle.
na-"wir)s', cont. of nawiijia ; nawiqs iyeya.
na-"wir)s'-"wir)-za, v. red. of nawiijia.
na-"wir)s'-ya, v..a.^ to cause to trample down, —

nawii)8waya. ^^^^^^••
na-vrig'-za, v. a. to trample down, as grass, to mat

down, — nawawiijia. "'

*■ na-vri'-zi, v. to be jealous, envious, — nawawizi.
na-ye'-ga, v. a. to make shine or sparkle by kick-
ing, as when one pushes up the fire with his foot,

— nawayega.
na-yeh', cent, of nayega ; nayeh iyeya.
na-yeh'-ye-ga, v. red. of nayega ; to kick or

punch up the fire with the foot.
na-za', v. a. to mash up or crush by trampling on,

— nawaia. See nakiia.
na-zan', cont. of naiata ; naian iyeya.
na-za'-ta, v. a. (na and iata) ; to make forked

by kicking, — nawaiata.
na-za'-ta-ka-hu, n. a small bush something like

the dartiaia.

XAZ

ir>o

NOG

na-za'-za, V. a. to wash out with the feet, trample

out ; to wash out hij boiling, — nawaiaia.
na-zi'-ea, v. n. to run away, flee, retreat.
na-zi'-ee-ya, v. a. to cause to flee, — naiicewaya.
na-zim', cont. of nazipa ; naiim iyeya.
na-zin', cont. of na^ic'a ; nazin iyaya.
na'-zir), v. n. to stand, rise up ; to stand still,

stop ; to stand on the ground, to get down, alight,

as from a horse, — nawaiii), nauijiiijpi.
na'-zip-hai), jmrt. standing : nazii)hai) naiiq, to

rise up and stand.
na'-zir)-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to stand, to raise up,

lift up, — naziijwakiya.
na-zi'-pa, v. a. to prick or pinch with the toes.
na-zu'-te, «. tlie lower bone in the back of the neck,

the last of the cervical vertebrm.
na-zu'-zu, v. a. to kick to pieces, — nawaiuiu ;

to come to pieces of itself.
ni, pron. in comp. thee, you ; thy, thine, your, yours.
ni, V. n. to live, — wani, yani, ui)nipi, wicani.

Hence, widoni, life.
ni'-ca, V. n. to be destitute of, have none of, — ma-

nica, ninida, ui)nicapi, wanica.
ni-ca', V. of ka ; he means thee.
ni-oe', adv. perhaps. Seenace. Nide is objected

to, as it is so often used obscenely.
nl-ce'-ca, adv. j)robably. See nadeca, a better

form.
ni'-di, pron. and prep, with thee ; for thee.
ni-de', n. water, in the sacred language ; i. q.

mini.
ni'-en, or niyen, adv. anew : teda nien toqpi,

born again, regenerated.
ni-ge', n. the paunch, stomach.
ni-gu'-te, n. the flank : nigute o^kokpa, the hol-
low of the flank.
nl-hai)', adv. fearful ; nihaqsni, not afraid. See

inihai). A^^M^^^

ni-har)'-yai), f.,jjt^j|«BpP^Bi^R^waya.
Ili-hir)'-c^(|tl7^v. n. to be frightened, scared: to
^^cry or scream, as in fright ; to hurry, — nihiqmi-

ciya, nihiqnidiya, nihii)ui)kidiyapi. >

ni-hii)'-ci-ya-ken, adv. in fright. \|^
ni-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to live, — niwakiya.
nin, cont. of nida ; tuwe nin uij kiij, he who has

none.
ni'-na, adv. very, very m,uch, always intensive.
ni'-naR, adv. See ninahiij.
nl'-na-Mi), adv. exceedingly.
ni'-na-na, adv. very : ninana ia, to speak loud

and fast, speak earnestly.
ni-ni', adj. coagulated, curdled, quivering, said of

thick sour milk : asaijpi nini, curdled milk, curds.
nir)-tpa'-hu, n. the haunch or hip-boiu. See

nitpabu.

ni-po', adj. dead. This is probably Ojibwa, but
frequently used by the Dakotas when speaking
with white people who do not understand their
language.

ni-se'-hu, n. the hip-bone, os ilium.

ni'-sko, adv. so large. See niskokeda.

ni'-sko-ke-ea, adv. so large.

ni'-sko-sko-ke-ea, adv. red. of niskokeda.

ni'-sko-tar)-ka, adv. so large.

ni'-sko-tar)-ka-dar), adv. so small.

ni'-sko-ya, adv. so far around,

nis, pron. thou, thee : n\i niye, thou thyself.

ni'-sko-dar), adv. small, only so large.

ni'-sko-sko-dai), adv. red. of niikodai).

ni'-sko-ye-dar), adv. only so far around.

nis-na'-na, pron. thou alone ; nisnaijpidai), you
alone.

ni-ta', pron. in comp. thy, thine ; your, yours :
nitasui)ke, thy dog.

ni-ta'-'wa, pron. thy, thine ; your, yours.

ni-te', 71. the lower part of the back, the rump.

ni-te'-hu, n. the os sacrum,

ni-to'-ske, n. a white tooman's dress, long gown :
nitoske kitoi), to put on white woman's clothes.

ni-tpa'-hu, n. the hip-bone. Same as nisehu.

ni'-UT), v. to be living : ni waui), / am alive.

ni-'war)', v. n. to swim, — waniwe, uijniwaijpi.

ni-vre'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to swim, — niwewa-
kiya.

ni-ya', v. n. to breathe, — waniya, yaniya, ui)niya-
pi : niya sni iyaya, to die ; niya ^ni mata nui)
seda, / am out of breath.

ni-ya', n. breath, life. See oniya.

ni-ya'-ke, adj. alive ; niyake yuza, to take alive.

nl-ya'-ken, adv, alive, in a living manner.

nl-yai)', v. a, to cause to live, make live, revive, as
a sick person ; to let live, miss or fail of killing, as
an enemy or game, — niwaya, niuqyaqpi, nimayai).

nl-yai)', adv. audibly, with a loud voice : eya
niyai), to say with a loud voice.

ni-yaij'-liir), adv. yet. See hinahii}.

ni-yar)'-liir)-ke-sni, adv. not yet time, too soon.

nl-ye', v. to cause to live. See niyaq.

ni'-ye, pron. thou, thee ; niyepi, you.

ni'-ye-es, pron. emphatic ; thou, thee, you,

ni'-ye-ka-es, pron. even thou.

ni'-ye-ke, pron. emphatic ; thee thyself, you your-
self, even you.

no'-ee. See nuijde.

no'-ga, adj. scabbed. See nuijga.

no'-ge, n. the ear; the sense of hearing, as
noge ninida, thou hast no ears (in this sense
it is used in reference to other things as well as
men and animals) ; the pan of a gun-lock, as,
mazakai) noge, — minoge.

NOG

151

OAY

no'-ge-a-zog-ki-ya, v. to prick up the cars, as a

horse, at any sound.
no'-ge-i-yu-ta-pi, «. the distance from the ear to

the end of the fingers when the arm is stretched

out, a yard. This is the common yard-stick of

the traders.
no'-ge-kpa, adj. deaf, hard of hearing, — noge-

makpa.
no'-ge-kpe-ya, v. a. to make deaf, — nogekpe-

wa3-a.
no'-ge-o-hdo-ka, n. the orifice of the ear ; the

touch-hole of a gun.
no'-ge-tpa, adj. See nogekpa.
no'-ge-tpe-ya, v. See nogekpeya.
no-gi'-yu-ta-pi, n. a yard. See nogeiyutapi.
no'-go-ptar), adj. listening, attending to ; nogo-

ptai) mai)ka, / am attending to it.
nom, cont. of noijpa ; two.
nom'-na-na, adj. two alone, only two.
nom'-nom, adj. two and two, by twos.
nom'-norj-pa, red. of noAa ; by twos.
not). See nuo» ^fr
noi). See n(S^e ana nuijske.
nor)-ee'. J^e nuric'e.
nor) '-pa, ^c?/. two, twice.
nor)'-pa.-kT-ya, adv. twice, in two ways.
nor)'-ske, or nuQske, intj. expressing ignorance

or want of recollection ; let me see ! what do you

all it ?
,u'-ni, V. to wander, miss the road and wander

about, get lost ; to be mistaken about a thing, —

wanuni, yanuni, urinunipi.
nu'-nl-ya, v. a. to cause to wander, — nuniwaya,

nuniuqyaripi.
nu'-ni-y£ir), adv. wandering, lost.
nui), V. 2d pers. sing, of ui), to use.
nui), cont. of nuqwe ; let it he so, expressive of

desire ; so be it, amen. It is often equivalent to

the sign of the future tense ; as, mda nu;) he, shall

I go ? token ecamoij nui) tai)i:) im, what I shall

do is not apparent.
nur)'-ga, adj. callous. Said of any hard place,

formed by a burn or otherwise, on the skin, — ma-

nui)ga.
nur)'-ka, v. 2d pers. sing, of wai)ka ; thou liest

down.
nur)-kas', n. a step-son or step-daughter : nui)-

kasku, his or her step-son or step-daughter. This

is said to be used only by the generation passing

away, that is, by old people.
nur)-kas'-ya, v. a. to have for nuqkas, — nuqkas-

waya.
nur)'-ske. See noqske.
nur)-"we', v. n. let it be so, expressive of desire ;

may it be so, amen.

^^a

#ru'-

nur)-yar)', v, a. to tame, domesticate, as animals,

— nui)waya. Hence, wanu:)yai)pi, tame cattle.
nu-snur)'-za, adj. wrinkled, pitted, not smooth.

T^-

r), the seventeenth letter of the Dakota alphabet.
It occurs only after a vowel, and has the sound
of the French nasal n in bon.

o.

O, the eighteenth letter of the Dakota alphabet,

with the sound of English o in no.
O, a prefixed prep. It is a contraction of ohna,

meaning in, into, and is prefixed to verbs : as

kastai), to pour out, okastaij, to pour into ; hai),

to stand, ohai), to stand in.
O, a prefix, forming nouns of verbs ; as, baspa, to

cut off, obaspe, apiece.
O, V. a. to shoot, to hit when shooting, — wao, yao,

ui)^opi : wakute eca wao ece, when I shoot I

hit.
o-a'-de, n. a load of wood in the arms.
O-a'-hde, n. a place of holding or resting against,

as the shoulder where the gun is held.
O-a'-he, n. something to stand on.
o-a'-he-hde, n. a foundation.
O-a'-hi-ya-ye, n. of ahiyaya ; a going or taking

round ; a tune, the air of a tune.
O-a'-hta-ni, n. of ahtani ; transgression. See

woahtani.
o-a'-i-e, n. of aia ; counsel ; slander.
o-a'-i-e-ti-pi, «. a courwil-house.
o-a'-kl-ni-ca, n. of akinica ; disputing.
O-a'-pe, n. of apa ; strokes, stripes, beatings ; the

striking of a clock, an hour.
O-a'-si-ca, adj. unpleasant, disagreeable, as a

country, the weather, etc.
O-a'-si-ea-ya, adv. unpleasantly.
o-a'-si-6a-ya-ken, adv. disagreeably.
o-a'-si-ce-ea, adj. See oasicecaka.
o-a'-si-ee-ea-ka, adj. unpleasant, disagreeable,

as the appearance of a country, etc.
O-a'-sin-ya, adv. not satisfied or pleased with,

unpleasantly : oasinya uijyakoflpi, we are un-
comfortably situated.
o-a'-sin-ya-ken, adv. unpleasantly.
O-a'-ska-dar), adv. of askadai) ; near, short, as a

road.
o-a'-ya-star), n. of ayastai) ; a stop, stopping, as

in talking.
O-a'-ya-te, n. of ayate ; a guess.
O-a'-yu-star), n. of aynitai) ; a stop, cessation

from.

OBA

152

OCO

O-ba'-hor), or obahui), n. of bahoq ; a cut,

gash.
O-ba'-hda-ye, n. of bahdaya ; somelhiw/ to peel

of in.
o-ba'-hdo-ka, v. a. to cut a hole in, when shav-
ing, as in making a dish, — obawahdoka.
O-ba'-hdo-ke, n. of bahdoka ; a hole cut or made

with a knife.
O-ba'-po-te, n. of bapota ; a cutting up, destroy-
ing by cutting.
o-ba'-sde-ee, «. of basdeca ; a split, splitting.
O-ba'-sden, cont. of obasdeca ; obasden waste,

good to split.
O-ba'-sku, V. to pare in any thing, — obawasku.
O-ba'-sku, n. of basku ; a paring.
o-ba'-smir), n. of basmii) ; something to shave off

into.
O-ba'-spe, n. of baspa ; a piece cut off: obaspe

wai)iidai), one piece, as of pork or meat of any

kind.
O-be', n. a litter, brood ; a division, class, sort.
o-bo'-h.a, V. oboha iyeya, to knock into.
0-bo'-fi.ci-licl, n. a string or bunch of beads ; any

bunch that dangles.
O-bo'-hdo-ke, n. of bohdoka ; a hole made by

punching.
O-bo'-po-ta, V. a. to shoot to piece* in any thing,

— obowapota.
o-bo'-sdan, n. height.
O-bo'-sda-ta, n. height.
O-bo'-sda-tu, n. height, perpendicularity.
O-bo'-ski-ca, v. a. to punch or ram hard in a

hole, — obawaskica.
O-bo'-skln, cont. of oboskica ; oboskin iyeya.
O-bo'-ski, v. to make faint, obliterate, as the rain

does tracks.
O-bo'-spe, n. of bo4pa ; a piece shot or punched

off
O-bo'-tar), v. to ram or pound hard in a hole, —

obowataq.
O-bo'-ta, V. a. to punch to death in, as in a hole,

— obowata.
O-bo'-te, n. a killing or punching to death in.
0-bo'-tir)-za, v. a. to pound in hard and tight, —

obowatii)za.
O-bo'-ya-ya, n. a bunch of beads.
o-bo'-za, V. oboza hiqhda, to rise up with a rush,

as in case of an exciteraent.
O-bo'-za-ka, v. to rush : ituh obozaka, the rush

teas for naught.
o-ea'-ga, v. n. of daga ; to freeze or become ice

in.
O-ea'-hde, n. of cahde ; a step.
o-eai)'-ku, n. a road, street, way. See ^ai)ku.
o-ea'-4e, n. kind, sort, species, name.

O-ce'-ti, n. of ceti ; a fire-place, place where the
fire is made ; a chimney : maza oceti, a stove.

o'-ei-hii)-yar)-pi, v. recip. of ohiqyaq ; they are
offended at each other, they feel themselves slighted.

o'-ci-kai), adv. having room, roomy : ocikai) sni,
without room, crowded.

o'-ei-kpa-kpa-ni, adj. red. of o<$ikpani; some
longer and some shorter.

o'-ei-kpa-nl, adj. not equal in length.

o-ci'-ka-dar), adj. small within: ti oci^adai), a
small room.

o-ci'-ka-ye-dar), adj. small inside, of small di-
mensions.

o'-eim, adv. afterwards, after a while, at length.

o'-ci-mda-ga-he, adv. abi-east, in a line.

o'-ei-mda-gar), adv. abreast.

o'-ci-mda-ge-hai), adv. in a row, abreast.

o'-ei-mdali, cont. of ocimdagai).

0-6il)', n. of cii) ; desire, wish, disposition.

0-eir)', V. a. to desire, beg, ask for : taku o6ir)
wahi, / have come to ask for something, — owa-
cii). See wociq. >^

0-cir)'-si-ea, v. n. to be cross, had-tempered, ill-
disposed, — ociijmasic'a.

0-eir)'-si-ca-ya, adv. evilly disposed.

o-cir)'-yo-pe-ya, v. a. to please, make glad by
giving to or in any other way, to reward. It is
said to be used in case one is appointed to a diffi-
cult service, and well rewarded for it, — oc'iijyop^^
waya, ociqyopeuijyaijpi, odiijyopemayai). ^^

o'-ei-pten, adv. not equal to, lacking.

o'-ei-pte-tu, adv. unequal in length, or other-
wise.

o-el'-sti-ye-dar), adv. for a little while.

o'-ei-tkoQS, cont. of ocitkoqza ; wicasta ocitkoqs
wadii)pi, men think alike.

o'-ei-tkor)-za, adj. equal, alike, of the same size
or length : ear) ocitkoijza, trees of the same
height.

o'-ei-tpa-ni, adj. unequal.

o'-ci-tir)-za, v. n. to be crowded together ; i. q.
ocikai) ^ni.

o'-ei-ya-ka-pi, v. pi. of oyaka ; i. q. oki(5iyakapi.

O-ei'-yo-pe-ya, v. See ociijyopeya.

o'-ei-yu-stai), v. oyu^tai) ; to be one in another,
as kettles ; to be doubled, as a blanket.

o-eo'-ka-ka, v. n. to be empty, not full, as a
house of persons ; there is room.

o-eo'-kam, adv. in the middle.

O-eo'-kam-tu, adv. in the midst.

o-eo'-ka-ya, adv. in the middle : ti ocSokaya, in
the middle of the house.

O-eos', cont. of ocoza ; ocos maqka, I am in a
warm place.

O-cos'-ya, adv. in a warm condition.

oco

153

OHD

o-co'-'wa-sii), adu. all, the whole, all together.
O-CO'-za, adj. toarm in : ti ocoza, a rearm house.
O-eo'-za, n. warmth, heat.
od, or on, cont. of yuta ; od wa^te, ffood to eat,

good to taste.
o-da'-kon, cont. of odakota.
o-da'-kon-ki-ci-ya-pi, n. friendship, peace.
O-da'-kon-ya, adv. friendli/, 2>eaceably.
O-da'-ko-ta, n. friendship, alliance, fratei-nity.
O-de', V. a. to seek for, hunt for any thing, —

owade, oyade, uqkodepi.
O-de'-za, v. of deza; to urinate in any thing,

— owadeia.
O-de'-za, n. the bladder ; a chamber-pot.
O-di'-di-ta, v. n. to be warm in, as in a house

where it is uncomfortably hot : ti odidita, a hot

house.
O-dl'-di-ta, n. heat.
O-don', cont. of odota ; taku odon wahi, / have

come to borrow something.
O-do'-ta, V. a. to borrow any thing, — owadota,

oyadota, ui)kodotapi.
od'-o-ta, adj. red. of ota.
O-do'-'wai), n. of dowai) ; a song, hymn, tune.
O-du'-te, w. the large muscle or flesh on the thigh.
O-du'-za-har), n. of duzahaq ; swiftness.
O-e'-ee-ea, v. n. to he a little better ; i. q. aheceda.
O-e'-ee-ea-ka, v. n. to be like one, as a son is like

his father, in appearance, demeanor, etc. ; to he

better, as a sick person, — oemacecaka. See owe-

cecaka.
O-e'-cen-ya, adv. so, however.
O-e'-cor), n. of e<$oi) ; doing, work : oe(5o5 wa^te,

good doing it.
0-e'-cor)-ka, n. one who does a thing very much.
0-e'-cor)-na, n. gambling, a lottery. Sometimes

written oecona.
o-e'-ha-ke, n. of ehake ; the last.
O-e'-hde, v. a. of ehde ; to set ot place in, — oewa-

hde.
O-e'-hde, n. a setting down ; a saying, a verse, a

sentence,
o-e'-hna-ka, n. of ehnaka ; a placing down, a

stop, period.
O-e'-tl, ». of eti ; an encampment ahead.
o-e'-ya-ke-ya, n. the act of telling a story, a re-
lation. ■
o-e'-ye, n. of eya ; a saying, verse, sentence.
O-e'-yu-lipa, n. of yuhpa; a place of resting or

throwing down burdens.
o'-gar), n. something that is open, as open cloth.
o-gar)'-gar), v. n. to be full of holes.
o'-ge, n. clothes, covering ; a sheath.
o'-ge-ki-ei-tor), v. to clothe for one, — ogewedi-

toq.

o'-ge-ki-tor), v. pos. of ogetoi) ; to put clothes on

one's own, — ogewetoj].
o'-ge-pi, n. clothes.
o'-ge-tor), V. a. to put on clothes, have clothes on,

— ogewatoij, ogeuqtoiipi : ogei^itoi), to clothe

oneself.
o'-ge-zu-ya, v. ogeiuya yuza^ to take hold of

. one's clothes.
o'-gir)-gli), V. n. to nod : ogiqgii) yaijka, he is

nodding.
o-gu', V. n. of gu ; to hum in, as in a kettle.
O-gu', n. scraps, cracknels.
o-gu'-ke, n. tallow-scraps.
0-gur)'-ga, V. n. to he half asleep and awake, to

slumber, dose, — omaguijga, oniguijga.
O-gu'-ya, V. a. to cause to bum in, as meat, —

oguwaya.
o'-ha, V. n. to stick to, adhere, as feathers, —

omaha.
o'-ha, n. of yuha ; a straight place in a river, the

distance between two bends, a reach : oha hai)-

ska, a long straight place.
o-ha'-kam, adv. afterwards.
o-ha'-kam-ya, adv. after.
O-ha'-ka-pa, adv. afterwards.
o-ha'-ka-pa-tar)-har), adv. afterwards.
O-hai)', intj. oh, yes !
O-hai)', V. n. (ohna and hai)) to stand in.
O-hai)', V. a. to put on socks or moccasins, to wear ;

to boil, as com, meat, etc., — owahai), oyahai), ui)-

kohaijpi.
o'-hag, V. to try, attempt ; to apply oneself, study,

— owahe, oyahai), ouqhaijpi.
o'-har)-hde, v. See 6hai)hdeya.
o'-har)-hde-ya, v. a. to keep near one, follow

about, as a colt its mother ; to love, — ohaqhde-

waya, ohai)hdemayai).
o'-har)-hai)-na, n. the morning.
o-har)'-pi, part, boiled.
o-har)'-ska, n. length.
o-har)'-ska-ya, adv. in length.
o'-har(-zi, n. shade, defence from the heat ; shadow.
o'-har)-zi, v. n. to he shade on, — omahaqzi.
o'-har)-zi-hde-pi, n. something set up for a

shade, as the branches of trees or bushes ; an

arbor ; a porch ; an umbrella.
o'-haQ-zi-ya, v. a. to shade, make a shade on, —

oharjziwaya, ohaqziuiiyaijpi.
O-hba'-hai), part, fallen to pieces in, as a barrel

in a corn-hole.
O-hda'-da, v. pos. of okada.
O-hdag', cont. of ohdaka : he ohdag wahi, / have

come to tell that.
O-hda'-ftnl-ga, v. pos. of okahniga ; to under-
stand one's own affairs, — owahdahniga.

OHD

154

OHN

0-hda'-l!inih, cont. of ohdahniga : ohdainil

maijka.
O-hda'-ka, v. pos. of oyaka ; to tell of one's own,

— owahdaka, u^kohdakapi.
o-hda'-kig-yax), n. width, breadth.
o-hda'-psir)-yar), adv. bottom U2ncards.
O-hda'-pta, v. pos, of oyapta and okapta ; to

leave some of one's own, — owahdapta.
O-hde', V. a. of hde ; to set or place in, — owa-

hde.
o'-hde, n. a coat ; suspenders.
O-hdi'-hai), v. n. to fall in any thing endwise.
O-hdl'-he-ya, v. a. ■ to cause to fall in endwise, —

ohdihewaya.
O-hdu'-ge, V. pos. of oyuge; to put on, wear

one's own, — owahduge.
O-hdu'-SO-ta, v. n. to go off, leave, be all gone, as

ducks in the fall of the year.
o'-hdu-ta, V. n. to be closed up.
o'-hdu-te-ya, v. a. to close up, — ohdutewaya.
O-hdu'-ze, V. pos. of oyuze; to dip out from into

one's own dish, — owahduze.
O-he', V. Same as ohaq.
O-he', n. a place ; a niche, a bed, — mitohe.
o'-he, w. of yuha ; a having : ohe waste, it is

good having ; ohe waitekae, useful.
o'-he, n. of ohai) ; a boiling : ohe waijiidaq,

one boiling.
O-he'-hde-pi, n. a bedstead, bed.
O-hem'-ya, adv. not quite full, almost full.
O-he'-yui), v. a. to wrap up in, — ohemuq, ohe-

nui). See heyui).
0-h.e'-YUi), n. a wrapper : oheyui)pi, wrappers.
o'-hi, V. n. to hang over, as hair over one's face,

or grass over a path ; i. q. car|ku peii kaohdu-

teyapi.
o'-'il, V. a. to be able to reach to, tall enough to

recuih up to, long enough to reach down to, — owa-

hi, ouijhipi : to reach to one, be large enough for,

— omahi.
o'-hi-dag, V. dim, of 6hi.
o'-hi-ka, n. one whose hair is always hanging

over his face.
O-hi'-ka, n. one who Jias ability, one who is able

to accomplish.
O-hi'-ki-ya, v. pos. of ohiya ; to win back one's

own ; to give something to another of what one

has won, to win for another, — ohiwakiya.
o'-hl-na-pe, n. of hinapa ; a place of egress.
0-llir)'-lipa-ya, v, (o and hiijhpaya) to fall into ;

to fall from, forsake, — omahiijhpaya.
n-hiij'-lSpa-ye-ya, v, a, to cause to fall into, —

ohiqhpayewaya.
o'-hl-ni, adv. See ohiijni.
o'-hii)-ni, ddv. always.

o'-hir)-ni-ki-ya, v, a, to cease from, to finish, —

ohiqniwakiya.
o'-hir)-ni-ya, v, a. to finish, — ohiijniwaya.
o'-hil)-ni-yai), adv. always, all along, all

through.
O-hi'-ti-da, v. a, to consider furious, — ohitiwada :

ohitii<Jida, to think oneself terrible, to bluster, to

swagger, to bully, — ohitinii^ida.
O-hi'-ti-ka, v. n. to be furious, terrible, brave, —

omahitika, onihitika. See wohitika.
O-hi'-ti-ya, adv. furiously, terribly, savagely,
O-hl'-ya, V, a, to get the better of one in any

way, to overcome ; to gain, win, acquire in a game,

— oliiwaya, ohinqyaqpi.
o'-hi-ya, v. a. to cause to reach to, — ohiwaya.
o'-hi-ya, adv. reaching to ; hanging over, as hair.
o'-hi-ya, n. the hair that hangs down on the face.
o'-hi-ye, n. a string or strand of beads ; one

length of any thing.
o-hi'-ye-ya, and ohiyekiya, v. a. to cause to

win, — ohiyewaya.
O-hi'-yu, V. to come through, as water through a

roof, to leak ; to come into, come through on, —

omahiyu.
O-hmur)', adj. faint, not very apparent, as tracks

in snow on which more has fallen.
O-hmur) '-hmui), adj. red. of ohmuij ; indistinct,

as conversation not plainly heard.
o-hniui)'-hniui)-yar), adv. indistinctly.
o-hmur) '-yar), adv. faintly, not apparent.
o-hmur) '-ye-ea, adj. partly visible, as a chicken

peeping out of its shell.
o'-hmus, cont. of ohmuza ; i ohmus waui), my

mouth is shut.
o'-hmus-ya, v. n, to shut, cause to shut, —

ohmuswaya.
o'-hmu-za, v, n. to be shut or closed : ista ohmu-
za, eyes shut.
O-hna', prej). in, into, on, upon,
o-hnag', cont, of ohnaka ; ohnag wasi, I told him

to put it in,
o-hna'-hna, prep, red. of ohna.
o-hna'-hna-ka, v. red, of ohnaka.
O-hna'-hna-ka-pi, n, something in which things

are put or laid away, a chest ; a coffin. See cai)o-

hnahnakapi.
o-hna'-ka, prep, in, upon : nape ohnaka, in the

hand,
O-hna'-ka, v, a, to put in, place in any thing.
o-hna'-ka-pi, n. a placing in.
O-hna'-na, adv, napohnana, only a handful,
O-hni'-hda, v, n, to go on a journey, travel from

place to place, — owahnihda, uqkohnihdapi.
O-hni'-hde, part, travelling : ohnihde ya, to go

travelling.

OHN

155

OHP

O-hni'-hde-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to go on a jour-
ney,— olmihdewakiya.
o-hni'-hde-ya, v. a. to send on a journey, —

ohnihdewaya.
O-hni'-hde-ya, adv. journeying : ohnihdeya waui),

/ am on a journey.
o-hni'-hde-ya-pi, n. a journeying ; one sent, a

messenger, an apostle.
o-ho'. See oh oka.
O-ho'-da, V. a. to respect, honor, zvorshlp, — oho-

wada, ohouqdapi.
O-ho'-da-ka, v. a. to respect, honor, worship, —

oliowadaka, ohouijdapika.
O-ho'-hpa, V. a. of hohpa ; to cough and spit

into, — ohowalipa.
O-ho'-ka, n. one who is respectable or honorable.
o-ho'-ki-da, v. pos. of ohoda ; to honor one's own.
O-ho'-mni, adv. around, round about : ohomni

ya, to go around.
o-ho'-mni-yai), adv. around, round about.
o'-hu-ta, 71. the place where the water meets the

land, the edge or shore.
o'-hu-tam, adv. at the shore.
o'-hu-ta-pa, adv. at the edge or shore.
o'-hu-ta-ta, adv. at the shore.
O-hu'-te, n. of hute ; the root, the bottom.
O-h'a', adj. grey, black and white, white specks on

a black ground.
O-h'a'-ka, adj. grey, black appearing through the

white, all colors intermingled.
O-ha'-ka, V. n. to be stuffed with food, surfeited ;

to be injured or made sick by food, — omahaka.
O-ha'-ka, adj. hurtful, injurious, as some kinds

of food.
O-hai)', V. to do, to work, — owahai), ui)kohai)pi.
O-har)', n. work, action, custom, — miohari, nioha;),

uijkohaijpi.
O-haQ'-hag-hai), v. n. to do odd things, to play

pranks, cut capers; to do badly, — ohaijwaha^-

liai).
o-har)'-har)-har)-ka, v. Same as ohaghaijhaij.
o-hai)'-kl-har)-har), v. to play pranks upon one,

to do badly to, — ohaijwakihaijbaq.
O-hajj'-ko, V. n. to be quick in doing any thing,

handy, — ohagmako, ohaqniko.
o-har)'-ko-ya, adv. quickly.
o-har)'-ko-ye-dar), adv. quickly, suddenly.
0-hai)'-pi, V. n. to be generous, liberal, — ohai)-

mapi.
O-haq'-pi-ya, adv. generously, liberally.
O-har) '-sda-ta, v. n. to be slow in one's move-
ments, to work slowly and deliberately, — ohaqma-

sdata.
O-haQ'-sl-ea, v. n. to be stingy or illiberal, — ■

ohaqma^ida.

0-har)-si'-ca, v. n. to be ill-behaved.
o-har)'-si-ca-ya, adv. badly.
o-har)'-sin-ya, adv. badly, wickedly.
O-har) '-sin-ya, v. a. to make stingy, make bad, —

oliaijsinwaya, oliaijsinuijyaijpi.
O-har) '-sur)-ke-ea, v. n. to behave ill, act like a

dog ; to eat up or destroy provisions, or any thing

that is valued or stored up for use, and to which

one has no right,- — owahai)sui)keca, ui)kohai)^ui)-

kecapi.
O-har) '-te-har), v. n. to be long in doing a thing,

— ohaijmatehai).
O-har) '-vra-ste, v. n. to behave will, be good,

bs generous, — ohaijmawa^te.
O-har) '-yap, v. n. to do, work, act, — owallai)mda,

oyalai^da, uijkollaijyaijpi.
o-har)'-ye-ya, v. a. to cause to do, — ohaiiye-

waya.
o'-ha-ya, v. a. to fill iqy, as a liole with brush,

etc., — ohawaya, ohauijyaijpi.
O-h'a'-ya, adv. in a greyish or mixed manner.

Said of putting paint on the face.
o-hda'-hda, adj. loose, rattling, as a small bul-
let in a gun.
o-hda'-hda-ye-dar), adv. loosely, as knitting;

not stretched, as a cord.
O-hda'-te, adv. under, beneath.
O-hda'-te-ya, adv. beneath, under : obdateya

iyaya, it has gone underneath.
o-hda'-te-ya-tar)-har), adv. from beneath.
o'-hdo-hda, n. See oijlidohda.
o-hdo'-ka, n. a hole in any thing, an aperture.
O-he', n. a hill : oheyahe and oheyawahe, a hill

that is much visited, as Pilot-knob near Fort

Snelling.
0-hir)'-yar), v. to pout, be out of humor about, to

be dissatisfied with one's portion or treatment ;

to slight, refuse, — owahiqyai), ugkohiqyaiipi.
O-hmi'-hmi-yai), adj. crooked.
o-hmi'-yar), adj. crooked.
O-hno'-^a, n. the comers that are usually fenced

off on each side of the door in a Dakota lodge.
O-hno'-ga-ta, adv. in the corners of the tent near

the door ; down at the side of a tent, close under.
0-hno'-gi-6a-dar), n. an imaginary being wor-
shipped by the Dakotas. Same as Caqotidaq.

See Hohnogicadai).
o-ho', intj. expressive of disbelief ; not so !
O-hpa', V. n. to gather together, flock together, as

geese, etc.
O-hpai)', v. n. to be wet or moist in.
o-hpar)'-ki-ya, v. a. to dip into, sop, soak in, —

ohpaijwakiya.
0-hpar)'-yar), v. a. to cause to moisten or soaJc in,

— ohpaqwaya.

OHT

156

01 Y

O-Ma'-Ma-dar), adj. loose, not stretched tv/ht, as

a slackened bow-string.
o-Ma'-Ma-ye-dar), adv. loosely, not stretched.

Same as olidaliclayedai).
O-Ma'-ni, n. work, labor, — mitolitani, nitohtani :

tohtani, his work.
o'-Ma-ye-tu, n. the evening.
oR'-ya, adv. obliquely, from corner to comer,

sloping, as the characters in writing.
O-i'-ca-ga, v. n. to grow in any thing ; to grow

up, — oimacaga, oinicaga.
O-i'-ea-ge, n. of ic'aga; a growing,' creation ; in-
terest on money lent.
O-i'-ca-hi-tor), v. a. to mingle, mix together in,

as tobacco and bark in any thing, — oic'ahiwator).
O-i'-ca-hi-ye, n. of icahiya ; a mixture, a mix-
ing : oicahiye waijiidai], one mixing.
O-i'-cat, cont. of oidaga ; oic'ali kokedai), of quick

growth ; oicah tehar), of slow growth.
O-i'-caBi-ya, v. a. to yield, produce ; to make

grow ; to cause to produce, as interest, — oicafi-

waya.
0-i'-6a-zo, n. of icazo ; a marking, a mark ;

credits, taking things on credit, giving credit.
O-i'-ci-ma-ni, n. travelling, a traveller ; o\6i-

mani wanica, there is no one travelling.
O-i'-cu-'wa, n. of kuwa ; tools of all kinds.
O-i'-ei-hde, n. what one has laid up, property.
O-i'-ei-hi, v. reflex, of okihi ; to be able for oneself,

be rich ; to get for oneself, be selfish, — omi^ihi.
O-i'-ei-kpa-ni, v. Same as oi(Jitpani.
o-i'-ci-tpa-ni, v. reflex, of okitpani; not to be

able to take care of oneself or family, to be poor,

^-omi^itpani.
0-i'-6i-tir)-za, f . reflex, of otiqza; to have com-
mand of oneself , — omi(Jitii)za.
O-i'-de, V. n. to blaze in.
o-i'-de, n. aflame.

O-i'-e, n. of ia ; a word ; a saying or speech.
o-i'-e-ki-6a-toQ, v. a. to speak to, -John x. 6, —

oiewecatoi).
O-i'-e-ki-cur), v. n. to command, enforce obedience,

— oiewe(Juij.
o-i'-e-ki-toi), v. n. to use language, speak, — oiwe-

toq.
o-i'-e-ya, v. n. to use words, to speak, — oiewaya.
o-i'-hda-ka, v. reflex, of oyaka ; to make oneself

known, tell one's own name ; to confess, — omi-

hdaka.
O-i'-hdo-ye. See ihdoya.
0-i'-h.du-ge, v. reflex, to put on oneself, — omi-

hduge.
o-i'-hdu-so-ta, v. reflex, to use oneself up, to go

all away, said of the ducks all leaving. See

ohdusota.

0-i'-hdu-si-6a, v. reflex, to injure oneself in the

estimation of others, get oneself into difficulty, —

omihdusica.
O-i'-hdu-ze, n. what one puts on, clothing.
o-i'-he-ya, v. a. to shoot into, — oihewaya.
O-i'-he-ye, n. the place where the shot is sent.
0-i'-hur)-ni, v. a. to land in or at, — oiwahuqni.
0-i'-hur)-nl, n. a landing, harbor, port : oihui)ni

waste, a good landing.
o-i'-na-pa, v. to go or come out into, — oinawapa.
O-i'-na-pe, n. a place of coming out.
o-i'-na-pe-dar), n. dim. of oinape.
O-i'-na-pe-ya, adv. appearing, as the summits of

hills that first become bare of snow.
O-i'-na-zir), n. a standing place, starting place.
0-i'-na-zir)-ta, n. the place of standing, the goal.
o-ir)', V. to wear as rings in the ears or nose, —

owaii), oyaiq, uqkoiijpi.
O-ii)', n. an ear or nose-jewel.
0-ir)'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to wear, as jewels, —

oiijwakiya.
o'-irj-kpa, n. the end of any thing.
o'-ir)-kpa-ta, adv. at the end.
0-ir)'-na, n. ear-jewels.
O-ir) '-pi, n. ear-rings, jewels.
o-ir)'-pi-dar), n. ear-drops, jewels.
0-ii)'-tar)-ka, w. a large ear-drop.
o'-ir)-tpa, n. the end of any thing.
o'-ir)-tpa-ta, adv. at the end.
O-i'-pa-ksar), n. a bend, crook, angle.
o-i'-pi-ya-ke, n. of ipiyaka ; the place around

which the girdle is put, the waist.
o-i'-pu-ta-ke, n. of iputaka ; a kiss.
O-i'-se, n. the outer corner, as of a house.
O-i'-stiQ-lje, n. a place to sleep in, a bed-room.
o-i'-stig-ma, n. a bed-room.
o-i'-tor)-sni, v. of itoijsni ; to lie, tell a lie respect-
ing one, — oiwatoij^ni.
o-i'-tor)-sni, n. a lie, falsehood.
o-i'-tor)-sni-yar), adv. lying, falsely.
O-i'-ya-be, n. a dispersion, a hunting.
O-i'-ya-lDe-ya, v. a. to make a hunting excursion,

— oiyabewaya.
O-i'-ya-be-ye, n. a hunting, hunting-ground.
o-i'-ya-har), v. n. to alight down in.
O-i'-ya-hde, v. n. to reach to, reach from one to

another.
o-i'-ya-hde-ya, v. a. to cause to reach to,—o\jtL-

hdewaya.
O-i'-ya-hde-ya, adv. reaching to.
O-i'-ya-he, n. a lighting down in.
O-i'-ya-hpe-ye, n. what can be thrown over the

hack of a horse, as oiyalipeye wazjiidai), one load :

caijduhupa oiyafipeye, the end of the pipe-stem

that is held in the mouth.

OIY

157

OKA

O-i'-ya-ka-ska, v. a. to tie into, — oiyawakaska.
O-i'-ya-ka-ske, n. a tying into, a knot.
o-i'-yam, cont. of oiyai^pa.
O-i'-ya-ni-ca, v. n. to he prevented in, — oiyamanica.
o-i'-ya-ni-ee, n. prevention ; cosiiveness.
O-i'-ya-nln, cont. of oiyanica.
o-i'-ya-nin-ya, v. a. to prevent, be the cause of
prevention : oiyanini(Jiye ^ni wo, John xx. 27, do
not be yourself prevented, do not stand in your

own way, "be not faithless."
0-i'-yar)-pa, v. to breathe out of, as an otter out

of a hole ; oiyam waqka, he lies breathing out of

the hole.
0-i'-yar)-pe, n. a hole or breathing place.
0-i'-yai)-pe-dai), n. a hole, as of a muskrat.
O-i'-ye-ki-ye, n. of iyekiya ; recognition.
o-i'-ye-ya, v. See oieya.
o-i'-yo-hnag, cont. of oiyohnaka ; oiyohnag to-

nana, a few mouthfuls.
o-i'-yo-hna-ka, n. a mouthful, very little.
o'-i-yo-lipa-ya, v. to fall into, — oiyowahpamda.

See iyohpaya.
o'-i-yo-hpe-ya, v. a. to throw or cast into, to go

into, as into a river at a ford, — oiyohpewaya.
o'-i-yo-hpe-ye, n. a place of going into, a ford.
o'-i-yo-ki-pi, adj. pleasant, agreeable.
o'-i-yo-ki-pi, v. n. to be pleased with, — oiyoma-

kipi, oiyonic'ipi.
o'-i-yo-ki-pi-ya, adv. pleasantly, agreeably.
o-i'-yo-pe-ye, n. of iyopeya ; a price, payment

for any thing.
0-i'-yo-tar)-ke, n. of iyotai)ka ; a seat, a sitting

place.
O-i'-yu-ktai), n. of yuktai) ; a bend.
O-i'-yu-ski-te, n. of iyuskita ; a place where a

band goes round.
0-i'-yu-"we-ge, n. the place of crossing a stream,

a ford ; the name of Traverse des Sioux.
O-ka'-ea-gi, and okacagu, v. See okadya.
O-ka'-da, v. a. to lay eggs, as fowls do : Magao-

kada wi, the moon when the geese lay eggs. May ;

to pour out into, as grain of any kind ; to scatter

in or on, sow, plant, — owakada, upkokadapi.
o-ka'-da-da, v. red. of okada.
o-ka'-da-i-he-ya, v. to load a gun in haste with-
out a wad, — okadaihewaya.
o-ka'-dus, cont. of okaduza.
o-ka'-dus-ya, adv. airy.
O-ka'-du-za, v. n. to blow through or into, blow

on one, — omakaduza.
O-ka'-du-za, n. air in motion, a draught of wind,
o-kad'-ya, or okanya, v. okadyagi and okad-

yagu, to be scorched in.
O-ka'-ga, n. things made in the same manner,

kinds • a bundle of arrows made alike.

O-ka'-ga, V. a. to make after a model, copy, —

owakaga, uijkokagapi.
O-ka'-ga, V. n. to stick into, as something sharp :

wicape omakaga, a prickle sticks in me.
o'-ka-ga, n. the south.
o'-ka-ga, adv. southwards ; doion stream, since the

streams in the Dakota country run southwards.
o-ka'-ga-pi, n. a copy, model, image.
o'-ka-ga-tar)-har), adv. from the south ; from

below, down stream.
o-ka'-ge, n. of kaga ; something that is made.
o-ka'-ge-ge, «. of kagege ; a place where any

thing is seioed, a seam.
O-ka'-ge-zu-ya, adv. lohilst, between, beyond :

mahpiya okageiuya, among or beyond the clouds.
o'-ka-hda, adv. by the side of ; okahda mda.
o-kah', cont. of okaga : okah waste, of good form.
o'-kah, cont. of okaga ; to the south ; okah uq-

yaijpi, we go southwards.
o'-ka-hbog, cont. of okahboka.
o'-ka-hbog-ya, v. a. to cause to float doion

stream, — okahbogwaya.
o'-ka-tbo-ka, v. n. to float along, to be borne on

the water or in the air.
o'-ka-hbo-ka, n. a drift, a float ; a waif.
O-ka'-Bide-ca, v. a. to tear a hole in, tear in

pieces, to fracture, — owakahdeca.
o-ka'-hde-ce, n. a rent, a fracture.
o-ka'-liden, cont. of okahdeca ; okahden iyeya.
o-ka'-hdog, cont. of okahdoka ; okahdog iyeya.
O-ka'-fido-ka, v. a. to make its way through, as

water through cloth, to come through, — omaka-

hdoka.
O-ka'-hdo-ke, n. a hole broken through.
o'-kaBi-ki-ya, adv. southwards, doivn stream.
O-ka'-tmir), n. a corner ; a bay.
O-ka'-hni-ga, v. a. to understand, comprehend, —

owakahniga, oyakahniga, uijkokahnigapi ; onia-

yakahniga, thou comprehendest me.
O-ka'-Muh, cont. of okahniga ; okahnih wa^te,

easy to understand ; okahnihpic'a, comprehen-
sible ; okahnihpic'a ^ni, not capable of being

understood.
o-ka'-hnih-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to understand,

— okahnihwakiya.
o-ka'-linili-ya, v. a. to make to comprehend,

explain to one, — okahnihwaya.
O-ka'-Ho, V. n. to travel around much, wander

about, — owakaho, uijkokahopi.
O-ka'-hpa, v. a. to make fall into by striking, —

owakahpa.
O-ka'-hpa, V. n. to float down on, as on a river.
O-ka'-hpa-Bipa, n. cai) okahpahpa, chips.
O-ka'-lipu, V. a. to knock or brush off into, — owa-

kahpu.

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158

OKA

o-ka'-Mar), v. n. to soak in, become soaked.
o-ka'-htar)-yai), v. a. to dip in, sop up, sponge,

— okalitaqwaya : to soak in, absorb.
0-ka'-Mar)-ye, n. a sponge ; i. q. mini iyuhepe.
o'-kali-'Wa-pa, adv. southwards.
O-ka'-kar), v. of kakaij ; to hew in any thing, —

owakakai).
o-ka'-ka-pa, v. a. to catch, as a ball in a, ball-
club or in the hand, — owakakapa.
O-ka'-kir), v. to peep into. See aokakii).
O-ka'-ksa, v. a. of kaksa ; to cut a, hole into or

through, as in ice, — owakaksa.
O-ka'-kse, n. pieces cut out, cuttings.
O-ka'-kse, n. of kak^a ; a roll of ribbon or cloth,

a skein of thread.
O-ka'-mda, n. of kamda ; a piece cut off broad

and flat, as meat cut for drying ; a slice.
O-ka'-mda-ya, adv. without obstruction, ex-
panded ; plain, level.
O-ka'-mda-ye, n. a level place, a plain.
O-ka'-mde-ca, v. a. to break to pieces in any thing,

— owakamdeca.
O-ka'-mde-ca, v. n. to break forth, spread out, as

in freshets : mini okamdeca, the water has spread

out.
o-ka'-mde-ca-hai), ^r<. broken in.
O-ka'-mde-ce, n. a breaking in.
O-ka'-mden, cont. of okamdeca : okamden iyeya,

to break or crush to pieces in.
O-ka'-mdu, v. n. to blow into, as the wind does.
O-ka'-mdu-ya, adv. airy, admitting air : oka-

mduya hai), standing open so as to admit air, as

a door, etc.
O-ka'-mna, adj. open, as a wood where there is

no underbrush.
O-ka'-mna, n. of kamna ; a gathering, collection :

okamna waste, it is good gathering.
O-ka'-mna-yaQ, adv. going round, avoiding,

taking care, picking one's steps, as in walking :

okamnayai) mani, he walks carefully.
O-kan', cont. of okata.
O-kan-ya, v. a. to heat in, — okanwaya.
O-kan'-ya, adv. by the heat, heating : okanya

^pai)yai), to toast, cook by the heat ; okanya gi,

to scorch in any thing ; okanya gu, to be scorched

by holding near the fire.
O-kar)', V. n. there is room, room for ; it is not

crowded, — omakai), ui)kokai)pi : okaij ^ni, there

is no room.
O-kar)', n. of kaq ; old age.
O-kar) '-O-hi, v. to live to be old, reach old age, —

okai)owahi.
0-kar)'-ta, adv. at old age.
O-kar) '-te-har), v. n, to be long becoming old, bear

old age well.

O-kar) '-te-lii, v. n. to be long becoming old.
O-ka'-pai), V. of kapaq ; to pound in, — owakapai).
O-ka'-par), n. something used for pounding in, as

a mortar.
o-ka'-pa-za, v. to make smart, as pepper does the

mouth, — omakapaza.
o-ka'-pe, n. what is pounded at once.
o'-ka-pe, n. the mark or boundary, as in ball

playing.
o'-ka-pe-ya, v. a. to throw over the mark, —

okapewaya.
O-ka'-pon, cont. of okapota ; to float on : wa-

hpaya mini okapon iyaya, the household stuff has

floated off'.
o-ka'-pon-ya, v. a. to cause to float on, — oka-

ponwaya.
O-ka'-po-ta, v. n. to be borne upon, float on

water.
O-ka'-pta, V. a. to leave, reserve ; to pass over,

miss ; to dip out into, lade out, — owakapta, ug-

kokaptapi.
O-ka'-pta-pi, n. what is left, leavings, remnants.
O-ka'-pte, v. to lade out into. See okapta.
O-ka'-sda-ee-dar), adj. gentle, mild.
o-ka'-sda-ta, v. n. to stick in, as a splinter.
o-ka'-sde-ea, v. a. to split within any thing, —

owakasdec'a.
O-ka'-sdo-har), v. n. to make a trail by being

dragged along in.
O-ka'-sdo-he, n. a mark of any thing dragged

along, a trace, a trail.
O-ka'-sdo-sdo, v. a. to bruise, mash or crush in,

— owakasdosdo.
o'-ka-sir), v. to look into. See aokasi^.
O-ka'-stag, cont. of okastaka ; okastag iyeya and

okastag ehpeya, to throw on or in, as mud.
O-ka'-sta-ka, v. a. to throw on or in, make stick

on, as in daubing a house, — owakastaka.
O-ka'-stO, n. of kasto ; a trail in the grass, as

that made by an otter.
o'-ka-sag-ya, adv. hindering, preventing, pre-
vented by ; 6ka^agya waui), I am hindered.
o'-ka-sa-ka, v. n. to be prevented by, have to

stop and remedy, — omaka^aka.
O-ka'-sa-ka, v. n. to be accustomed to, to be

hardened by, not affected by, as by annoyances, —

omaka^aka.
o'-ka-se, v. n. to touch. See okaseya.
o'-ka-se-ya, adv. touching, near to : ti okaseya,

near the house.
o'-ka-se-ye-dax), adv. close to : okaieyeyedai)

okatai), to drive a nail up to the head.
o-ka'-ska, v. a. of kaska ; to tie into, as a scalp

in a hoop ; to fasten up, as a green hide to dry,

— owaka^ka, ui)koka^kapi.

OKA

159

OKI

O-ka'-skai), v. n. to be injured internally^ as a

woman (luring pregnancy, — omakaskai) : oihda-

skar), to hurt oneself imoardly.
0-ka'-skar)-tor), v. a. to briny forth before its

time, — okaskaqwatoi).
o-ka'-skar)-tor)-pi, n. an abortion.
O-ka'-ske, /;. a binding, tying, fastening up :

okaske waste, good to tie, good to catch.
o'-ka-ske, adj. large at one end and small at the

other.
O-ka'-ski, v. n. to be mashed in, or become jelly,

as berries carried in a vessel.
O-ka'-sna, v. a. to miss, pass over, as a day ; ai)-

petu oka^na sni yahi, thou earnest every day, —

owaka^na, ui)koka^napi.
O-ka'-spa, v. a. of kaspa ; to strike apiece off in ;

to expectorate in, — owakaspa.
O-ka'-spe, n. a piece struck off.
O-ka'-sta-ka, v. a. to smite one in a place, as in

a house, — owakastaka.
O-ka'-sta-ke, n. a smiting, punishment.
O-ka'-star), v. a. to pour into, fill into, said of

liquids, — owakastai), ui)koka^tai)pi.
O-ka-ta', V. a. to cover up in, as fire in a stove, —

owakata.
O-ka'-ta, V. n. of kata ; to be warm inside : ti

okata, a warm house.
O-ka'-ta, n. heat.
O-ka'-tar), v. a. to drive in, as a nail or pin, to

nail, make fast with nails, — owakataq.
O-ka'-tkar), v. See okatkii).
O-ka'-tkir), v. n. of tkiij ; to become damp, con-
tract dampness, as a pack of furs ; said also of

damp warm weather, as, hai) okatkii), the night

is damp.
O-ka'-tku, V. to break through, as through ice, —

owakatku.
O-ka'-tku-ge, n. something that turns and makes

fast, a screw, a screw-driver : okatkuge nahomni,

he has screwed his legs, said when one is very

tired.
O-ka'-te, n. of kata ; to beat to death in ; okate

^ica, it is difficult beating him to death, as any

thing in a hole.
0-ka'-tii)S, cont. of okatii)za ; okatiijs iyeya.
0-ka'-tir)-za, v. a. to pound in tight, make tight,

fill up, — owakatiijza.
O-ka'-'wiq-ga, v. n. to go round and round at a

distance : okawiqga waui) ^a wahdi, / have been

round and come home.
0-ka'-"wir)li, cont. of okawiqga ; okawiijh ya, to

go round and round, as the sun does.
0-ka'-wir)li-ya, adv. round and round.
O-ka'-za, n. an atom, a particle, a string or thread,

as of takai).

O-ka'-ze, v. »». okaze ki^uq, to skate, slide on the

ice, — okaze we^ui).
O-ka'-ze, v. a. to dip out into, — owakaze, uqko-

kazepi.
o'-ka-ze-ze, v. n. to swing, as any thing sus-
pended from a cord.
o'-ka-ze-ze-ya, adv. swinging, dangling.
o'-ka-zi-ea-hde, adv. some distance off, far off:

okazic'ahde icu, to take by reaching or stretching

one's arms to.
o'-ka-zi-ea-hde-ya, adv. some distance off.
O-ka'-za-ya, adv. between, in the forks of.
o'-kear), n. of yukcaij ; comprehending, under-
standing ; okcai) waste, easy of comprehension.
O-ki', a prefix to verbs, signifying through the mid-
dle.
o-ki'-ba-ksa, v. a. to cut with a knife through

the middle, — okibawaksa.
O-ki'-ba-mda-za, v. a. to rip open in the middle,

— okibawamdaza.
o-ki'-ba-mde-ca, v. a. to break through the mict-

die, as a plate by cutting on it, — okibawamdec'a.
O-ki'-ba-ptu-za, v. a. to crack in the middle with

a knife, — okibawaptuza.
o-ki'-ba-sde-ea, v. a. to slit, rip down, as a log or

board, in the middle, with a saw, — okibawasdeca.
O-ki'-ba-spa, v. a. to cut in two in the middle, or

halve with a knife, as an apple, — okibawaspa.
o-ki'-ba-spu, v. a. to halve, as a potato, etc.,

with a knife, — okibawa^pu.
o'-ki-be, n. a seam, a joint.
o'-ki-be, V. n. to join, meet, go round, encircle.
o'-ki-be-ya, v. a. to cause to go round or encircle,

— okibewaya.
o'-ki-be-ya, adv. encircling.
o-ki'-bo-ptu-za, v. a. to split in the middle by

shooting or punching, — okibowaptuia.
o-ki'-ca-lia, v. a. to tie one thing to another, —

okiwakaha.
O-kl'-ea-ksa, v. a. of kaksa ; to cut in two in the

middle, as a stick, with an axe, — okiwakaksa.
O-ki'-ea-mda-za, v. a. of kamdaza ; to cut or

rip open in the middle, — okiwakamdaza.
O-kl'-ca-mde-ea, v. a. of kamdeca ; to break in

two in the middle, as a plate, etc., by striking, —

okiwakamdeca.
0-ki'-car)-ye, n. of kicai)yar) ; work ; tillage, cul-
tivation : okicaijye ota, complicated, as a piece of

mechanism.
0-ki'-6a-ptus, cont. of okicaptuia: okidaptus

iyeya.
O-kl'-ca-ptu-za, v. a. of kaptuia ; to crack or

split in the middle by striking, — okiwakaptuia.
o-ki'-ea-sde-6a, v. a. to split in two, as a log, in

the middle, — okiwakasdeda.

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160

OKI

O-ki'-ea-sden, cont. of okicasdeca ; okicasden

iyeya.
O-ki'-ea-ska, v. a. of kaska ; to tie into, knot, tie

knots, — okiwakaska.
O-kl'-ea-spa, v. a. of kaspa ; to smite in two in

the middle, — okiwakaspa.
O-M'-ca-star), v. of okastai) ; to pour one's own

into ; to pour into for one, — owecastai).
O-ki'-ei-ea-stai), v. of okastaq ; to pour into for

one, as into a vial, etc., — owedicastai).
O-ki'-ei-cii), v. of ocii) ; to desire of one for

another, — owedicii) : okiciciqpi, theij desire of

each other.
O-M'-ei-ci-ya, v. of okiya ; okiciciyapi, they talk

together, makepeace.
O-ki'-ei-eo, n. of kico ; inviting each other, feast-
ing.
O-ki'-ei-de, v. of ode ; to seek any thing for

another, — owecide, omicido.
O-M'-ci-do-ta, v. of odota ; to borrow of one for

another, — owecidota : onicidota, he borrotos of

thee ; okididotapi, they borrow of each other.
O-ki'-ei-ge-pi, n. of kige ; scolding each other ;

mutual recrimination.
o-ki'-ei-hna-ka, v. a. of ohnaka ; to put or place

in for one, — owecihnaka, omicihnaka.
O-ki'-eir), v. of ociri ; to ask or desire of one, beg

something of one, — owakicii), omakicii), ui)koki-

ciqpi.
O-ki'-ci-pa, v. of opa ; to follow for any thing,

obeij, as commands, — owec'ipa, uqkokicipapi.
0-ki'-el-"wa, v. of owa ; to write for one, — owe-

ciwa.
0-ki'-ei-"wa-ste, adj. good together, as two things

eaten together.
o'-ki-6i-ya, v. of okiya ; to help another ; okici-
ciyapi, they help each other.
O-ki'-ei-ya-sir), v. n. to cling to each other, as

several potatoes hanging together ; said also of

dogs following each other.
o-ki'-6i-yu-sir)-pi, v. recip. of oyusiij ; to fall

out with one another, quarrel.
o-ki'-ei-yu-star), v. of oyustai) ; to put one into

another for one, as one kettle into another, — oweci-

yu^tai), omiciyustai).
O-ki'-ei-yu-ze, n. taking each other, as in mar-
riage.
O-ki'-ci-zu, V. a. of oiu ; to fill for another,

plant for another, — oweciiu.
O-ki'-CU-nl-ea, v. n. to be made angry, to be

offended : daqte owe^unic'a, my heart is disturbed.
O-ki'-cu-nin, cont. of oki^unica.
o-ki'-eu-nin-ya, v. a. to provoke to anger, to

offend, — okicjuninwaya ; cai}te oki^uninmayaya,

thou hast made me angry.

O-ki'-eur), v. to put paint on oneself : maka
oki^ui), to daub oneself with earth, — owecui).

O-ki'-de, V. pos. of ode ; to seek for one's own, — ""
owakide, uijkokidepi.

O-ki'-do-ta, v. of odota ; to borrow any thing of
one, — owakidota, uijkokidotapi, ocicidota.

o-ki'-har), v. pos. of ohaq ; to put on, wear one's
own, as one's own moccasins, — owakiha^.

O-ki'-hai), V. pos. of ohai) ; to boil one's own ; to
boil for one, — owakihe.

o'-ki-har), v. a. to follow or be after one, in tra-
velling ; to follow in years, be younger than, —
owakihar), oui)kihai)pi : waniyetu yamni omaya-
kihai), thou art three years younger than I.

o'-ki-hag, v. n. to grow again, as any thing cut
off.

o-ki'-hde-tor)-tor), adv. in layers.

o'-hi-he, n. a joint, as of a finger, etc.

o'-ki-h.e, adj. next to, following, second. See
iyokihe.

o'-ki-he-ya, adv. secondly, after.

O-ki'-hi, V. a. to be able, to be able for, able to
accomplish, — owakihi, ui)kokihipi, omakihi.

o-ki'-hi-daq, v. dim. of okihi.

O-ki'-hi-ki-ya, v. a. to make able for, — okihiwa-
kiya.

O-ki'-hi-pi-ea, adj. that can be done, possible :
okihipica ini, impossible.

O-ki'-hl-ya, v. a. to render able, cause to be able
for, — okihiwaya, okihiuijyaqpi.

O-ki'-hi-ya, adv. according to ability.

o-ki'-hnui)-ka, v. n. of kihnui)ka ; to dive ot put
one's head under water in a vessel or bath.

o-ki'-Biar), v. of ohaij ; to do to one, commonly
used in a bad sense, — owakihai).

o-ki'-fiar)-sur)-ke-ea, v. a. to do badly to, treat
like a dog ; to destroy what one has depended
on, as food ; not to give food to, — owakihaij^ug-
keca, ui)kokih.ai)sui)kecapi.

o-ki'-Iiar)-yai), v. of ohaqyai) ; to do to, act to-
wards,— owakihai)yai), uqkokiliaijyaijpi.

O-ki'-hpa, V. to rest, remain in the same place,
not to remove, — owakilipa, uijkokihpapi.

O-ki'-ftpa-pi, n. a resting, a rest : aijpetu oki-
hpapi, the day of rest, the Sabbath.

O-ki'-hpe-kl-ya, v. a. to cause to lie by or rest,
— okihpewakiya.

O-ki'-lipe-ya, v. a. to cause to lie by or rest, —
okihpewaya.

O-ki'-kpa-ni, v. a. to be unable for a thing, be
impotent, — owakikpani, uijkokikpanipi.

o-ki'-kpa-ni-ya, v. a. to render unable, — oki-
kpaniwaya.

o-ki'-kpa-ni-yar), adv. not being able, incompe-
tently : okikpaniyai) wauq, / am unable.

OKI

161

OKI

O-ki'-ksam, cont. of okiksapa.

O-ki'-ksam-ya, adv. wisely : okiksaniya wauij,

/ am acting wisely.
O-ki'-ksam-ya, v. a. to cause to experience or

knoxo, — okiksamwaya : okiksami^iya, to make

oneself tvise.
O-ki'-ksa-pa, v. n. to he wise in respect to ; to

have gained wisdom by experience, — owakiksapa.
O-ki'-ksu-ye, n. remembrance.
O-ki'-ksu-ye, v. a. to remember ; okiksuye wa^te,

it is easily remembered.
O-ki'-ksu, V. pos. of ozu ; to plant or sow one^s

own, as a field, — oweksu, uijkokiksupi.
o-ki'-mda-har), adj. many-coated, as an onion ;

in layers or leaves, as a book.
O-ki'-mda-wa-hai), adj. Same as okimdabai).
0-ki'-indo-tor)-tor), adj. having many comers,

angular.
O-ki'-na-ksa, v. a. to break any thing in two in

the middle with the foot, — okinawaksa.
O-ki'-na-mda-ga, v. n. to burst open, as com in

boiling.

o-ki'-na-mda-za, v. n.

ing.
o-ki'-na-mde-ea, v. a.

to hurst, as corn in boil-
to break in two, as a
plate, etc., by trampling on it, — okinawamdeca.

O-ki'-na-mden, cont. of okinamdeca ; okinamden

■ iyeya.

O-ki'-na-ptus, cont. of okinaptuia.

O-ki'-na-ptU-za, v. n. to crack or burst open.

o-ki'-na-sde-ca, v. n. to split or burst open
lengthwise.

O-ki'-na-spa, v. a. to divide in the middle, break
off, — okinawaspa.

o'-ki-nl, adv. perhaps, possibly.

O-ki'-ni, V. a. to share, receive a part in a divi-
sion,— owakini, uqkokinipi.

o-ki'-ni-hai), adj. of kinihai) ; honorable.

O-kl'-ni-ki-ya, v. a. to give a share of, caiue to
partake, — okiniwakiya, okinimakiya.

o'-ki-nih, c(dv. suddenly.

o'-ki-ni-Bil), adv. suddenly.

O-ki'-ni-ya, v. n. to gasp, breathe as one dying, —
owakiniya, uqkokiniyapi.

O-ki'-ni-ya, v. a. See okinikiya.

O-ki'-ni-ya, n. the breast, as that part from which
one breathes.

o-kir)'-har), v. n. to cease from : okiijhaij wanica,
without rest, unceasing.

0-kir)'-yar), v. n. of kiijyai) ; to fly in.

0-kir)'-yar), adj. okiqyar) wa^te, docile, gentle.

O-ki'-pa, V. pos. of opa ; to go in one's own boat,

to follow or obey one's own, to follow, as one does

the habits or trade of his father : atkuku orai)

okipa, he follows his father'' s business, — owakipa.

21

O-ki'-pa-ta, v. a. to join one to the other, to patch

on, — okiwapata.
o-ki'-pa-ta-pi, n. patch-work. ;

o-ki'-pe, V. Same as okipa.
O-ki'-pe-ea, v. n. to do as one has been accustomed

to do, — owakipeca.
0-ki'-pe-ki-y£i, v. a. to cause to follow one's own,

— okipewakiya.
o-ki'-pe-mni, v. pos. of opemni ; to wrap around

one's own, — owakipemni.
O-ki'-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to follow one's own, —

okipewaya.
O-ki'-pe-ya, adv. following : okipeya wauq.
O-ki'-pi, v. to be large enough for, to hold, admit,

receive, — omakipi, onicipi, uijkokipipi.
O-ki'-pi-ya, adv. admitting, receiving.
O-ki'-sa-pa, v. n. of kisapa ; to become bare, as a

spot of ground, while the snow remains around.
o-ki'-se, n. a part, the half, half of any thing cut

in two, as a potato.
O-ki'-sta-ka, v. n. to be enfeebled by or on account

of: witko okistaka, to be enfeebled by debauch ;

istiijma okistaka, to be feeble or listless, as when

just awakened from sleep.
o-ki'-ta-he-dai), adv. between.
O-ki'-ta-he-pi, adv. between one place and ano-
ther.
o-ki'-tar)-ir), v. n. to appear, be conspicuous, as a

hill.
0-ki'-tar)-ir), n. manifestation, perspicuity : oki-

taijii) wa^te, a good manifestation.
o-ki'-tar)-ir)-yar), adv. manifestly, gloriously.
o-ki'-tpa-ni, v. Same as okikpani.
O-ki'-tpa-ni-ya, v. to cause to be unable. Same

as okikpaniya.
o-ki'-tpa-ni-yai), adv. Same as okikpaniyaq.
O-ki'-ta, w. M. to be tired with, fatigued or worn

out by ; to be made sick by, — owakita.
O-ki'-urj-ni-yai), v. of kinqniyaq ; to be injured

internally.
0-ki'-UI)-ni-ye, n. an injury, a wound.
o-ki'-Tva, V. pos. of owa ; to write one's own, as

one's name, — owakiwa, uqkokiwapi.
o'-ki-ya, v. a. to help, assist one in any thing, —

owakiya, ouijkiyapi, omakiya, odidiya.
O-ki'-ya, v. a. to talk with ; to court, as a man

courts a woman ; to make peace with, — owakiya,

ui)kokiyapi, ociciya.
O-ki'-yag, cont. of okiyaka ; he okiyag wahi, /

have come to tell him that.
O-ki'-ya-ka, v. a. of oyaka ; to tell any thing to

one, — owakiyaka and owakimdaka, oyakidaka,

uqkokiyakapi, omakiyaka, ociciyaka.
o-ki'-ya-pta, v. of oyapta ; to leave, as food, /or

one, — owakiyapta.

OKI

162

OMA

O-ki'-ya-sir), v. n. to stick together, as potatoes

growing on the sanne root.
o-ki'-ya-ska-pa, v. «. to stick on, stick together,

cleave to, to fall in and become Jlat, as an animal

that is poor.
o-kl'-ya-ta-ke-ea, adj. lean, i. q^ stodai) or

(^istiqna.
o'-ki-yu-te, n. a strait or channel.
O-ki'-zi, V. n. to heal up, recover from a hurt or

wound, — omakizi, onicizi, uijkokizipi.
O-ki'-zi-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to heal up, — okizi-

wakiya.
O-ki'-zi-ya, v. a. to cause to heal, make well, —

okiziwaya, okizimayai).
O-ki'-ZU, V. of ozu ; to sow or plant one's own ;

to plant for one ; to fill up, as a bag ; to meet, as

two parties, — owakiiu.
o'-ki-zu, V. n. to he united. See kokizu. lyo-

kiiu is also used.
o'-ki-zu-ya, v. a. to cause to unite, — 6kiiu-

waya.
o'-kl-ZU-ya, adv. unitedly, together.
O-ko', «. a crcLck, a hole, an aperture, as in a

house.
o-ko'-da-kl-ci-ye, n. a league, covenant, commu-
nion, fellowship ; a church, society, community.
O-ko'-kl-pe, n. danger, fear. See wokokipe.
O-ko'-ki-pe-ya, adv. in fear.
O-ko'-ki-zu-ya, adv. in the aggregate, collec

lively.
O-kor)', n. desire. See koi).
o-kor)'-ka, n. one who desires or is covetous.
o'-kor)-'wai)-zi-dar), adj. unchanging, always

the same, expressive of oneness, as being of one

mind, — okoij mawai) iidaq .
0-kor)'-ze, n. a rule, a law. See wokoqze.
O-ko'-pe, n. fear.
O-ko'-pe-ya, adv. seen through a hole, as one

seen through an opening in the bushes ; in daw

ger : okopeya naiii), he stands in danger.
O-ko'-tor), V. there is a hole.
0-ko'-toi)-yar), n. an opening or communication ;

expanse, space. Jhis word is used for the expanse

of the heavens or the firmament.
O-kpa'-gi, V. pos. of opagi ; to fill one's own pipe

with one's own tobacco, — owakpagi.
o'-kpas, cont. of okpaza ; okpas icu, to become

dark.
o'-kpas-ya, v. a. to darken, make dark, — okpas-

waya.
o'-kpas-ya, adv. darkly, in the dark ; okpasya

wanka, it lies in the dark.
o'-kpa-za, v. n. to he dark : okpaze Kiq<$a, it is

very dark.
o'-kpa-za, n. darkness, night.

o'-kpe, V. to meet and assist in carrying a load :
okpe ya, to go to assist one ; wi<5okpe uijyaijpi,
and okpe wicuijyaijpi, we go to their assistance.

o'-ksa, V. re. to break off, as a stick, in a hole.
See oyuksa.

O-ksa'-hai), part, broken off in, fallen in, as a
corn-hole.

O-ksa'-he, part. Same as oksahaq.

o'-ksa-ka, v. See oksa.

o'-kse, n. any thing broken off short.

o'-ksar), adv. around, round about : nitai) ok^aq,
around thee.

O-kte'-tor), n. a flaw, something flawed.

0-kur)s'-tor), adv. openly, manifestly.

0-kur)s'-toi)-yar), ado. openly, manifestly, ac-
cording to custom : okuijstoDyaij tawi($u toi), to
take a wife according to the custom.

O-ku'-te, n. of kute ; a shooting, a shot ; okute
waijiidai), one shot ; okute wa^te, a good shot.

0-ku'-"wa, V. a, to chase, follow after any thing,
— owakuwa.

O-ku'-za, V. n. to he lazy on account of, — omakuia.

O-ku'-ze, n. laziness. See widokuie,

O-ka', V. a. of i:a ; to dig into, dig through. —
owa^a, uqkol^api.

O-ka'-pi, n. a digging into.

O-ke', n. a digging, a mine.

O-kig', n. of \vQ ; a pack, load ; something to
carry or pack in, as a blanket or sack.

O-kil)', V. of Ifii) ; to carry in, — owa^iq.

O-ki'-pe, n. something staked, the prize.

o'-ko, V. to stick to or on, as feathers or down :
pa maga hii) omal^o, feathers stick to my head ;
to gather around for something to eat, as crows
about a carcass, — oma^io, oniljo.

O-ko', n. a noise, hum, buzz, bustle.

O-ko'-ya, v. n. to make a noise or bustle, — 0^:0-
waya, o^ouqyaijpi.

o-ku', V. a. to lend any thing to one, — owalfu,
ui)ko]fupi, omal^u, oci^u, oni^Ju.

O-ku', v. a. of ^u ; to give to, as food ; give a por-
tion to ; dot o^u, to give something to eat, — owa-

Om, prep, of opa ; with, together with. Kici is
used when speaking of one — om, when more than
one is spoken of; as, he kici waui), / was with
him ; hena om wauq, / was with them.

O-ma'-ha, n. p. the Omaha Indians.

o'-ma-ka, n. a season, half a year ; a year.

o-ma'-nl, v. of mani; to walk in or according
to, as in a road or according to a command, —
omawani, omauijnipi and uqkomanipi.

O-ma'-nl, n. a walk ; omani haqska, a long walk.

O-ma'-ni-ken, adv. walking : omaniken waui),
/ am out walking.

OMA

163

ONA

O-ma'-'wa-he-tor), n. the parents of a man and

woman who are united in marriage call each

other omawahetoi).
O-ma'-'wa-he-torj-ya, v. a. to call one omawa-
hetoi),— omawahetoi) waya.
o'-ma-ste, v. n. to be hot in.
o'-ma-Ste, n. heat, warmth.
O-mda'-ska, n. the flat side of any thing.
o-mda'-ska-ya, adv. on the flat side, flat :

omdaskaya wapka, it lies flat.
o-mda'-ya, adj. level.

O-mda'-ye, n. a level place, a plain, a valley.
O-mde'-ea, adj. cornered, edged, as a board.
o-mde'-ea, n. the edge, as of a board or blanket,

the edge or bit of an axe, etc.
o'-mde-ea, v. n. to be scattered or distributed

here and there. See oyumdeca.
O-mde'-ca-har), part. broken into fragments ;

scattered, as a people.
o-mde'-ca-he-ya, v. a. to scatter, — omde($ahe-

waya.
o-mde'-ea-ya, adv. on the side, with the sharp

part up, not on the flat surface : omdedaya

■waqka, it lies on the side.
o'-mden, cont. of omdeda.
o'-mden-ya, adv. scattered.
o'-mden-ya-ken, adv. in a scattered condition.
O-nxdes', cont. of omdeza.
O-mdes'-ya, adv. clearly, brightly, soberly.
O-mde'-toi), adj. square-edged. See omdotoi).
o-mde'-za, v. n. to be clear, sober, — omamdeza.
O-mdo'-toi), adj. cornered, having corners : yamni

omdotoi), three-cornered, a triangle ; topa omdo-
toi), a square.
O-mdo'-tor), n. a corner of any thing, an angle ;

hutkai) omdotoi), sqtuire root : omdotoi) topa,

som.eihing with four comers, a square.
o'-nma, v. a. to smell, — owamna, oui)mnapi.
o'-mna, n. smell : omna waite, an agreeable smell.
om'-na-na, adv. alone with.
O-mna'-yar), v. of mnayaq ; to gather into, —

omnawaya, omnauqyaqpi.
o'-mni, n. mini omni, an eddy.
o'-mni, adv. round and round : omni waui).
O-mni'-ea, ». beans. See opmnida, which is said

to be the proper orthography.
o-mni'-ea-hmi-yaQ-yar), ». peas. See oi)-

mnica.
O-mni'-ci-ye, n. an assembly, a feast : omniciye

kaga, he makes a feast.
O-mni'-he-ea, v. n. to be active in doing any

thing, — omamniheca, onimniheda.
O-mni'-he-ca, n. activity, industry.
O-mni'-mni, n. something that goes round and

round, a whirlpool.

o'-mni-mni, adv. round and round : omnimni

waui) \n wahdi, / have been round and come

home.
o'-mni-mni-ka, v. n. to be destitute of under-
growth or brush ; i. q. wohii)4be ^ni.
o'-mni-na, v. n. a calm place, a shelter : 6mni-

na akitapi, they are seeking for shelter.
o'-umi-na, adv. calmly, in a calm place where

the wind blows not, sheltered : omnina ugya-

koi)pi, we are in a sheltered place.
om-om', prep. red. of om.
o-na'-lida-te, n. a scratch.
O-na'-Rde-ea, v. a. to tear a hole in a hole, —

onawahdeda.
o-na'-hde-ce, n. a rent.
O-na'-hdo-ka, v. a. to make a hole either in the

ground with the foot or in the foot by walking, —

onawalidoka.
O-na'-Mo-ke, n. a hole made in the foot or with

the foot.
o-na'-hor), v. of nahoi) ; to hear what is reported,

— onawahoi), onaui)hoi)pi.
O-na'-lioi), n. liearing : onahoi) wa^te, it is good

hearing.
0-na'-fior)-pi, n. hearing,
o-na'-Ma-ka, v. of nahtaka ; fo kick in, — ona-

wahtaka.
o-na'-hta-ke, n. a wound made by kicking.
O-na'-kar), v. a. to strike and knock off into, as

into a canoe, to tread off in, — onawakai).
O-na'-ki-ksir), v. a. to take shelter or refuge in

or behind, as behind a tree in battle, — onawekiii),

onaurikiksiopi.
o-na'-kpa, v. n. to burst within something.
O-na'-ksa, v. a. to break into or through, as in

walking on ice, — onawaksa.
O-na'-kse, n. a breaking in.
O-na'-ksai), n. a bend, crook.
O-na'-ksii), v. See onakikiig.
o-na'-ktar), v. n. to bend into of itself.
O-na'-ktai), n. a bend..
o-na'-kes, cont. of ona^eza.
O-na'-kes-ke-za, v. red. of ona^eza.
O-na'-ke-za, v. a. to make smooth by stamping

on, — onawa^^eza.
O-na'-kos, cont. of ona^oza.
o-na'-kos-l^O-za, v. red. of ona^oza.
O-na'-ko-za, v. n. to trample on and make hard,

— onawa^oza.
O-nam', cont. of onapa ; onam iyaya, it has taken

refuge in.
O-na'-pa, v. a. to flee to, take refuge in, — ona-

wapa, onauqpapi.
O-na'-poh-ye, n. leaven. See oqnapohyapi.

Inapohye is also used.

ONA

164

OIJS

0-na'-po«pa, v. n. to burst within something.
o-na'-ptar). See oijnaptaij and uijnaptai).
O-na'-se, n. the buffalo chase : onase waijiidai),

one chase.
o'-na-sdog, cont. of onasdoka ; onaMog iyaya.
o'-na-sdo-ka, v. n. to leave behind, run off and

leave, — onawasdoka, 6naui)^dokapi.
o-na'-sdo-ka, v. a. to pull of in, as shoes in the

mud, — onawasdoka.
o-na'-skai), v. n. to become sick again, to relapse,

— onawaskai).
o'-na-tag, cont. of onataka ; onatag iyeya.
o'-na-ta-ka, v. a. of nataka ; to fasten, bar, bolt,

lock, as a door, to fasten, as a fence ; to fasten up

in, — onawataka, onaui)takapi.
O-na'-tiQS, cont. of onatii)za ; onatiqs iyeya.
0-na'-tir)-za, v. a. to make firm by treading on,

— onawatiqza, onaui)tii)zapi.
O-na'-za-za, v. n. to cleanse or wash out, as

clothes by boiling.
O-na'-zil), v. of naiiq ; to stand in ; to take re-
fuge in or at, — onawaiii).
o-ni', n. of ni ; life ; toni, his life.
O-ni'-har), v. n. to remain, be remaining.
o-ni'-harj-yar), adv. remaining.
O-ni'-sko-ke-ea, adj. so large. See iijskokeca.
o-ni'-ya, v. to breathe into, — owaniya.
O-ni'-ya, n. breath, breathing, life : oniya wa^te,

good breathing.
o-ni'-ye-toi), v. n. to be affected by some internal

hurt or disease ; to have the lungs affected, as in

pulmonary consumption, — oniyewatoq.
on'-o-ta, adj. red. of ota.

O-nu'-ni, v. n. of nuni ; to wander in, — owanuni.
O-nu'-ni-ya, v. a. to cause to wander in a place,

^-onuniwaya.
O-nu'-ni-yar), adv. wanderingly, lost.
o-nu'-ni-ya-ta, adv. wandering.
OI), prep, for, on account of; of, as, maza oi)

kagapi, it is made of iron ; with, when used with

the cause or instrument.
OX), pron. 1st pers. sing. we. See ui). Formerly

some of the members of the Dakota mission

wrote this ' oi),' and many of the Indians do so

still.
or)-ci', n. a grandmother. See uijci.
og'-ci-hi, V. n. to be able to take care of oneself,

be grown up, of age, — oijmacihi. See ui)<$ihi.
Ol)'-6i-hi-sni, v. not to be able to take care of one-
self.
or)-ci'-si, ». a mother-in-law. See ui)cisi.
or)-ei'-si-6a-dar), n. a crow. See uijcisicadai).
or)'-ei-kpa-nl, v. n. to be poor, notable to sustain

oneself; i. q. takudai) okihi sni, — 6i)mi(Jikpani

and oqma^Jikpani, 6r)ni<Jikpani, oijuq^ikpanipi.

or)'-ci-kpa-ni-yar), adv. in a destitute condition :
ornJikpaniyari waui),/a?ra badly off.

or)'-ei-tpa-ni, v. n. Same as oijijikpani.

or)'-ei-tpa-ni-yar), adv. Same as ori^ikpaniyai).

or)'-eur)-ni-ca, v, n. to be delayed, be prevented ;
to wait until the thing cannot be done, — oi)ma-
(Juqnica, or)ni(Jui)nica.

oij'-duq-nin-ya, v. a. to stop, keep from doing,
prevent, hinder, — oi) ^uijninwaya.

or)'-e-tar)-har), adv. therefore, for that cause.

OI)-ge', n. some, a part, portion off, applied to
liquids and things which come under the denomi-
nation of dry measure.

or)-ge'-dar), ?». a little ]Mrt, a small quantity.

or)'-har)-ke-ta, adv. See ui)hai)keta.

or)'-Rdo-Bida, n. a coat, mantlet, shirt.

or)-kar)', conj. See uqkai).

oi)-kar)s', conj. See uijkaijs.

or)'-ki-ei-ska-ta-pi, v. recip. of oq^kata; to jest,
joke or banter each other, as persons within certain
degrees of affinity are at liberty to do among the
Dakotas.

or)'-kl-ska-ta, v. a. to talk as one pleases with,
boast, brag, joke with one, — oi)wakiskata. This
privilege is allowed only between brothers-in-law
and sisters-in-law.

orj-nml'-ea, ». Dakota beans. They grow wild
in the valleys and low grounds, having a vine-
like top. The beans grow on the roots, and are
dug up in the fall and spring ; beans of all kinds.

or)-inni'-ca-hml-yar)-yai), n. round beans ;
peas.

or)'-na-poh-ya-pi, n. leaven.

or)-na'-ptar), adj. sideling : heoijnaptai), or Ylot)-
naptai), a side hill. See uqnaptai).

or) '-pa, V. a. to place or lay any thing : (SaijkaR-
oijpapi, a log laid across, a bridge, — waoijpa,
ur)koi)papi : to keep or reserve, as a puppy or girl,
etc. See ui)pa.

or)-se'-ya-ka-dai), «. a kind of small duck.

OlJ-spe', v. n. to know how to do a thing, know
how to read or write, etc., — opmaspe, oqnispe,
ui)koi)spepi. See oijwicaspe and wooqspe.

Ol)-spe', n. an axe.

or)-spe'-car)-du-hu-pa, n. a pipe-hatchet.

Ol)-spe'-dar), n. dim. a small axe, a hatchet.

oi)-spe'-dar), v. dim. of o^spe.

OQ-spe'-i-hu-pa, n. an axe-handle.

or)-spe'-ka, v. Same as oospe. Sometimes this
is used in the sense of oi)spe ^ni, not to know how.

or)-spe'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to know how, to
teach one any thing, — oi)spewakiya, oi)speui)ki-
yapi, oijspemakiya, oijspeniciya, oi)speciciya : oij-
spei^ieiya, to teach oneself, to learn, — oi)sperai(Ji-
ciya, oi)speni(Jiciya, o^speuijki^iciyapi.

O^H

165

OPA

or)'-si, adj. poor, miserable, — oijma^i, oi)ui)4ipi.

or) '-si-da, v. a. to have mercy on, to pity, — oi)4i-
wada, oi)siui)dapi, oijsimada, oq^icida.

or)'-si-(ia, intj. used by women to infants ; poor
thing !

on'-si-da-ka, v. a. to have mercy on, to pity, —
ori^iwadaka, op^iuqdakapi.

on'-si-har), v. n. to be humble, to act humbly, —
OTjsiwahaij.

oi)'-si-har)-ka, v. n. to be humble, try to excite
compasnon, to fawn, — oij siwa I aqka.

or)'-si-fiar)-pi, n. humility.

Oi)'-si-ka, adj. poor, destitute, miserable, — oijma-
sika, oqnisika, oi)ui)sipika.

Oi)'-si-ki-da, v. pos. of oijlida; to have mercy on
one's own, — oijMwakida, oijsiuijkidapi.

or)'-si-ki-da-ka, v. pos. Same as orisikida.

or)'-si-ki-Kiar), v. a. to humble oneself to another,
act humbly towards,— oxjiiwakihur).

or)'-si-ya, ads. poorly, miserably.

or)'-si-ye-ca, adj. miserable, — oq^imayec'a.

or)'-8ka-ta, v. n. to talk as one pleases, brag,
jest, as brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law are pri-
vileged to do among the Dakotas, — oijwa^kata,
oi)ciskata. See ugskata.

or)-spa', n. a piece of any thing.

Or)-spa'-dai), n. dim. a little piece.

or)-spa'-spa, n. red. of oqspa ; pieces, little pieces,
crumbs.

Ol)'-'wi-ea-spe, n. of oqspe ; learning.

orj-VTi'-Eido-hda, n. a coat. See oqhdohda.

OO-AVi'-yu-ta-pi, n. something to weigh or mea-
sure with.

or)-ze', n. the rump, buttocks, the anus.

or)'-ze-o-ge, n. pantaloons.

og-ze'-o-ka-stai), v. to give an injection, — oi)ze-
owakastai).

or)-ze'-o-ka-star)-pi, n. an injection.

Oi)-ze'-o-ki-ea-star), v. a. to give an injection to
one, — orjzeoweca^tai).

OQ-ze'-ta, V. n. (oqze and \a.) This word is used
in reference to a child whose mother has again
become pregnant, — oijzemata. What can have
originated the use of this coarse but curious
form of speech ? A. Renville says that it pro-
bably arose from the fact that children weaned
under such circumstances are likely to become
emaciated.

or)-zi'-bo-sdan, adv. head over heels : oijzibosdan
naiii), and oijzibosdan yaijka, to turn a somerset,
stand with the heels up ; to be wrong end up ; to
be in a flurry, not know what one is about.

OQ-zig'-tka, n. musk.

or)-zir)'-tka-inna, v. n. to smell of musk.

Oi) '-zo-o-ge, n. See oi)zeoge.

or)-zir('-zir)-tka, n. the rose, roses, rose-buds.
or)-zir)'-zir)-tka-hu, n. rose-bushes.
O-o', n. a wound, a place where one is shot.
O-o'-he, n. of ohai) ; a boiling, enough to boil at

once, as, oohe wagiidai), one boiling.
O-o'-hi-ye, n. of ohiya; victory. See woohiye.
O-o'-ki-ye, n. an assistant, a servant.
O-o'-ki-ye-ya, v. a. to have for an assistant or

servant, — ookiyewaya.
0-Oi)'-pa, V. of oijpa; to put or place in, — owa-

oqpa, oui)koi)papi.
O-o'-O-ka-stai), n. the Balsam of Life, so called

because poured into wounds ; i. q. wic'oni peii-

huta.
O-o'-pe-tor), n. tiyopa oopetoq, a toll-gate.
0-o'-tar)-ir), v. n. to be manifest through.
o-o'-iva, n. a letter, character, as the letters of the

alphabet, a figure or mark of any kind : oowa

yukaq, and owapi, figured, as calico.
o-o'-wa-pta-ya, n. the alphabet.
O-o'-ya-ke, n. of oyaka ; the act of telling a story,

a relation, a narrative.
O-o'-zu, v. of oiu ; to plant in, — oowaiu.
O-o'-ZU, V. n. to fall in, as the sides of very old

people sometimes do.
o'-pa, V. n. to go with, follow ; to pursue, as, opa

aya ; to go to, attend, as a school or meeting, to

be present at ; to be a member of, as of an associ-
ation or church ; to go in, as in a canoe, — owa-

pa, oyapa, ouijpapi, and uijkopapi.
O-pa'-ba-ga, v. a. to roll over any thing in the

hands, rub in the hands, — owapabaga.
O-pa'-gi, V. a. to fill or cram a pipe with tobacco,

— owapagi, uqkopagipi.
o'-pa-gi, n. a pipeful of tobacco ; opagi waqii-

dai), one pipeful.
O-pa'-ha, n. a swelling, a protuberance.
O-pa'-hi, V. of pahi ; to gather or pick into, —

owapahi, uqkopahipi.
O-pa'-hde-ca, v. of pahdeca ; to tear in, — owa-

pahdeca.
o-pa'-hde-ce, n. a rent.
O-pa'-hdo-ka, v. of pahdoka ; to pierce in ; to

wear holes in, as a sick man's bones do when they

come through the flesh, — owapahdoka, oraapa-

hdoka.
o-pa'-hdo-ke, n. a hole.
O-pa'-tta, V. of pahta ; to tie or bind in, — opa-

wahta.
O-pa'-lita, V. a. to gaze at, look at steadfastly, —

opawahta, opauqhtapi : opahta kuwa, to keep

gazing at.
O-pam', cont. of opapa; opam ya and opam

iyaya, to crawl out from under the edge of a tent.
o-pa'-mna, «. a clump, as of bushes or weeds.

OPA

160

OPT

O-pa'-mni, n. of pamni ; a distribution. See

wopamni.
0-par)'-ga, v. n. to be bulky ; to hinder or im-
pede one, as cumbersome clothes do, — omapaijga.
0-pai)'-ge-ca, v. n. to be hindered by bulky

articles, to be bulky, — omapaqgeca.
O-paqf-ya, v. a. to hinder, impede, — opaijh-

waya.
0-par)li'-ya, adv. bulky, not compressed.
O-pa'-pa, n. the lower edge of a tent.
0-pa'-pa-tar)-h.ai), adv. from under the bottom

of a tent ; opapataijhai) maijoi), to steal from

under the side of a tent.
O-pa'-poi), n. the border of any thing, the stripe

of a blanket. See opapui).
o-pa'-psor), V. of papsoi) ; to pour out into, spill

into, — o wapapsoq .
O-pa'-psui), V. See opapsoi).
O-pa'-ptar), v. to turn over ; opaptai) iyeya.
0-pa'-ptar)-ptar), v. n. to roll over and over in

any thing.
0-pa'-ptai)-yai), v. a. to roll any thing on or

into, — owapaptaqyai).
O-pa'-pui), n. the border or edge of any thing, as

of a blanket, book, etc. ; the list or selvage of

cloth ; the stripes or points that are put into

white blankets to show their size : opapui) lota,

grey list ; opapuq ska, white list : lie opapui),

the edge of the Coteau des Prairies.
O-pa'-sem, cont. of opasepa; opasem hnaka, to

lay away with care.
o-pa'-se-pa, v. a. to keep with care, — owapasepa.
O-pa'-si, V. of pasi ; to follow after in, as to follow

one in a road, — owapasi.
o-pa'-tar), v. a. to push into ; to mash up in, —

owapatai).
O-pa'-ti-ca, v. a. to stick or push in or under, as

a handspike, — owapatica.
O-pa'-tin, cont. of opatica ; opatin iyeya, to push

under, as a crow-bar.
O-pa'-'wiq-ge, num. adj. one hundred.
o-pa'-"wir)-ge-ge, adv. by hundreds.
o-pa'-vrir)h-"wir)-ge, adv. by hundreds.
O-pa'-zar), v. a. to put into or under, as into a

sheath or belt ; to put under and over, to inter-
lace, as in making baskets, — owapazai).
O-pa'-zaiJ-yai), adv. running under.
o-pa'-zar)-zar(, v. red. of opazai) ; to weave into,

— owapaza^zai).
O-pa'-zo, n. a protuberance, i. q. opaha.
0-pa'-Zor)-ta, v. a. to wrap around, wind up in,

as a dead body in a winding sheet, — owapazoijta.
o'-pe, V, Same as opa.
O-pe', n. of pe ; the edge, the sharp part of any

thing, as the edge of a knife or axe.

O-pe'-han, n. the outside or lower border of a

tent : opehan iyaya, he went out under the bottom.
0-pe'-han-tai)-har), adv. from under the bottom

of a tent : opehantaqhai) icii, he took it out from

under the bottom.
o-pe'-hai), V. of pehai) ; to fold up in, — owape-

hai), uijkopehaqpi : opehai) ehnaka, to lay away

folded up in.
O-pe '-he, n. a fold.
o-pe'-ki-ea-tor), v. of opetoq ; to buy any thing

from one ; to buy for one, — opewedatoi), opeui)-

kicatoijpi.
o-pe'-ki-ei-tor), v. of opetoi) ; to buy for another,

— opewecitoi), opemic'itoi).
o-pe'-ki-tor), v. pos. of opetoq ; to buy or pur-
chase on^s own, redeem, — opewakitoi), opeuijki-

toqpi.
o-pe'-ki-tor)-pi,^ar<. redeemed, redeeming.
0-pe'-ki-tor(-yar), v. a. to cause to redeem, — ope-

ki tori way a.
O-pe'-mni, v. a. to wrap around as a garment, —

owapemni, ui)kopemnipi : to be wrapped up in.
o-pe'-nini-yar), adv. wrapped around.
O-pe '-pa. See opapa.
o-pe'-pa-tar)-hap, adv. from under the bottom

of a tent.
O-pe'-tor), v. a. to buy, purchase any thing ; to

Aire,— opewatoi), opeuqtoqpi : opetoqpi, pur-
chased, hired.
O-pe'-toiJ-yai), v. a. to cause to buy, — opetoi)-

waya.
o'-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to go with, — opewaya.
o'-pe-ya, adv. with, together.
o-pi'-i-ci-ya, v. reflex, to form an opinion and

act for oneself, get ready : token opimi^iye kta he,

how shall I do ?
O-pi'-ki-da, v. n. to be satisfied with, as with

food, — opiwakida, opiuijkidapi. This word is

used also when mosquitoes bite severely and fill

themselves with blood.
o-pi'-kl-da-ka, v. Same as opikida.
O-pi'-ye, n. a place where things are put away

and kept, as, mazopiye, a store-house ; dotopiye,

a granary : a roll of any thing, as of cloth,

ribbon, etc.
O-po'-gar), V. a. to blow in upon, to blow out

from, — owapogai).
O-poh', cont. of opogap; opoi iyeya, to blow

away, blow from the mouth.
o-po'-hdi, V. a. to stuff any thing into, as an old

coat into a broken window.
o'-psor)-psor), v. a. to draw back and forth in the

water, to rinse. See oyupsoijpsoi).
o'-psur)-psur), v. See opsoijpsoq.
o'-pta, adv. through, across.

OPT

167

OSK

o'-pta-pta, adv. red. of opta ; throuyh and

throui/h.
O-pta'-ye, n. a Jlock, as of geese or ducks ; a

herd or drove of animals ; a company of men.
o'-pte, n. of yupta ; xohat is left, leavings.
o-pte'-ea, adv. less.

o'-pte-he-ea, adv. almost empty, said of vessels.
O-pten', adv. less.
O-pten'-i-ci-ya, v. reflex, to cease from, as from

anger or strife, become gentle, — optenmi(Jiya.
O-pte'-tu, adv. less than.
O-pu'-gi, V. a. to push into, as hay into moccasins ;

to stuff, fill, as with hay, etc., — owapugi.
O-pu'-gi-tor), V. a. to put in stuffing, as in moc-
casins,— opugiwatoi),
o-pu'-hdi, V. See opohdi.
O-pu'-ski-ea, v. a. to press down in, — owapu-

skica.
o-pu'-skin, cont. of opuskica.
o-pu'-ta-ka, v. to touch in, — owaputaka.
O-pu'-tkar), v. a. to dip into, put in, as the

fingers ; sop, as bread, etc., — owaputkai).
O-po', n. fog, steam.
O-po'-sa, adj. clear and cold, with particles of

snow in the air.
O-po'-za, adj. . Same as oposa.
OS, n. of oze or yuza ; a hand's breadth.
o'-sar), adv. all, through the whole : aijpetu osai),

all the day.
0-sar)'-ka, adj. without leaves, as a tree.
0-sai)'-ka-ka, adj. red. of osaqka.
o'-sar)-sai), adv. red. of osaij.
O-sda', V. of sda ; greased in any thing.
O-sdo'-ca, V. to know ; takudai) osdoce ^niwaui),

/ know nothing about it, or / am innocent of

it. See osdonya.
O-sdo'-har), v. n. to slide ; osdohaq ki^Juq, to

slide on a board or sled or one's feet, — osdohai)

we^ui).
O-sdo'-har), n. a drawing or sliding in.
O-sdon'-ya, v. a. to know, be acquainted with or

privy to any thing, — osdonwaya.
o-sdon'-ye, n. knowledge.
o-se'-ya-ka-dar), n. See oijseyakadai).
o'-sii), v. to hate. See oyusiq.
0-sir)'-sir), v. n. to leave a mark, as tears drying

on one.
O-ska'-ka, adj. bare, as a tree whose leaves are

fallen off; open, as a country without thickets.
o'-skam, cont. of oskapa.
o'-skam-ya, adv. sticking to, adhering.
o'-skan, adv. desert-like : tiijta oskan, an unin-
habited place.
o'-skan-tu, adv. desert-like, away from trees or

dwellings.

o'-ska-pa, v. n. to stick in, adhere to ; i. q.

otkapa.
o'-ska-pi, n. ornamental work, such as is put on

moccasins.
o'-ski-ea, adj. of yuskioa ; tight, drawn around,

as a garment.
o'-ski-ce-dar), adj. tight, well fitting.
o'-ski-skl-ta, v. red. of oskita.
o'-ski-ta, V. to bind up in, as a child. See oyu-

skita.
o'-sma-ka, n. a ditch, a hollow, a ravine.
o-sna'-ze, n. a scar.
O-sni', n. cold weather.

0-sni', adj. cold in, as ti osni, cold in the house.
o-sni'-ke, adj. cold.
o'-SO-ta, V. col. of yusota ; to be all gone, as ?

company starting away.
o-spar)'-spar)-he-ea, n. See uspaijspaijhec'a.
o'-stag, cont. of ostaka.

o'-stag-ya, v. a. to make stick on, — ostagwaya.
o'-sta-ka, v. n. to stick on or in, as dirt on a

plough or mud in a house ; to stick on, as

flesh, — omastaka : takudaq ostake sni, very lean.
o-ata'-ka, v. of staka ; to be feeble on account of,

to be debilitated ; i^tigma ostaka, he is feeble by

reason of sleep.
o-star)'-mna, n. the smell of a carcass soon after

the animal has died ; the smell of tainted meat.
O-sii'-kan, adv. taking a thing without having

bestowed labor on it, or acquired a proper right :

osukan mduza, / took it without permission.
o-sbe', n. depth. See woibe.
O-sbu', V. n. to drop in, as water.
o-sbu', n. a drop.
O-sbu'-sbu, V. n. red. of osbu.
O-sbu'-ya, v. a. to cause to drop into, as water, —

osbuwaya.
O-sbu'-ye, n. something into which water, etc., is

made to drop, a trough, etc.
o-sdo'-ka-har), part, pulled off in, as an arrow

point ; coming off, peeling off, as bark.
O-sdo'-ka-he, part. Same as osdokahai).
O-si'-ca, adj. bad with, as one kind of food with

another.
O-si'-ee-ca, adj. See o^icet^aka.
O-si'-ce-ea-ka, adj. unpleasant, as rainy weather,

not pleasing, as a country.
0-sin'-har)-ka, v. n. to do badly, steal, etc., act

wickedly, — osinwahaijka.
O-si'-tki-hda, v. n. to be angry with.
O-sl'-tki-hda-ya, v. a. to make angry, cause to

suffer, — ositkihdawaya.
o'-skan, n. motion, movement.
o'-skan-sin-ya, v. a. to impede one's progress,

prevent from moving freely, — oikaniin waya.

OSK

168

OTO

O-ska'-ta, v. to play in, — owa^kata.

O-ska'-te, n. play, diversion. See wico^kate.

O-ski'-ska, adj. complicated, intricate, confused,
d fficult.

o-ski'-sken-ya, adv. confusedly.

O-ski'-ske-ya, v. a. to make complicated or con-
fused, create difficulty, perplex, — oskiskewaya.

O-ski'-ske-ya, adv. crookedly, with difficulty.

o'-sna, n. of yusna ; a piece that is dropped, a
scrap, a crumb.

o'-sna-pi, n. crumbs, scraps.

0-sni'-yar)-yai), v. n. to move about, as worms in
the stomach.

O-SOg'-ya, adv. of sogya ; thickly.

O-SO'-ka, adj. of soka ; thick.

o-so'-ka, n. thickness.

O-so'-ta, adj. of sota ; smoky, filled with smoke, as
a tent.

o-spa'-ye, n. a drove, a herd consisting of differ-
ent kinds of animals ; a company separated from
the main body.

O-spe', n. of yuspa ; a breaking off.

o'-Stai), V. n. to bs on, as a hoop, or in, as a stop-
per. See oyustai).

o'-stai)-har), part, being in or on.

0-star)'-har), n. a running watery sore.

O-ste', adj. deformed, — oma^te, oniste. See o^teka.

O-ste'-dai), adj. deformed.

O-ste'-hda, v. a. (oste and hda) to mock, speak
evil of, call bad names, rewtZe,— o^tewahda.

O-ste'-hda-pi, n. contempt, opprobrious language.

O-ste'-ka, adj. defective in some part, deformed,
— omasteka.

O-ste '-y a, adv.
accidentally ;
fectly.

O-ste '-ya-ken, adv. deformedly.

O-sugg'-ye, adv. very much, violently.

o-8ur)'-ke-ca-dar)-ka, n. a very little thing.

o'-ta, adj. much ; many, — uqkotapi : wicota, a
great company.

ota'-go-sa, V. of tagoia ; to spit into any thing,
— otagowasa, otagouij^api.

o-ta'-he-dag, adv. between.

o-ta'-he-pi, adv. between places.

o'-ta-ka, adj. many, much.

o'-ta-ki-ya, adv. of tentimes, frequently .

o'-ta-kor)S, adv. opposite to, over against.

o'-ta-kor)-za, adv. over against, opposite to.

O-ta'-ku-ye, n. brotherhood, relationship, friend-
ship.

o'-tax), v. to touch, lay hold of, seize. See oyutaij.

0-tar)'-cai), n. the chief, the greatest.

o-tar)'-ear)-ke, n. the greatest in numbers, as the
greatest herd, the largest war-party.

imperfectly, clumsily ; by chance,
osteya eco^, he did it imper-

0-tar)'-car)-ke-ya, adv. in the greatest numbers.
0-tar)'-da, v. to have, to keep : otaijda ii6&, bad

to keep ; otai)da wa^te, good to keep.
o-tar)'-hda-klQ-yar(, n. breadth.
0-tar)'-lg, v. n. to be manifest : taku otaijii),

something that is manifest.
0-tai)'-iQ-ka, v. n. to appear, be manifest ; taku

otaqiqka, something is manifest : sometimes this

is used in the sense of otaijii) sni, as, taku otap-

ii)ka, or takudai) otaqiq ^ni, there is no news.
o-tar)'-ir)-yar), adv. manifestly.
0-tai)'-ka, n. of taijka ; greatness, largeness.
0-tar)'-ka, adj. large, broad.
o-tar)'-ka-da, v. a. to have in the greatest estima-
tion,— otarikawada.
o-tar)'-ka-da-ka^ v. a. to esteem most highly, —

otaqkawadaka.
0-tai)'-ka-ya, adv. largely, extensively.
o-tai)'-ka-ya-ka, n. greatness.
o-tar)'-na, v. n. to be proud, vain, — omatarina.
o-tar)'-yar), n. well being.
o-ta'-pa, v. of tapa ; to follow after one, as in a

road, — otawapa, otauqpapi.
O-ta'-AVa, n. the Olawas. See Hotawa.
o-ta'-vrarj-zi-dai), n. two alike, a pair, of one

kind.
o-ta'-'wa-te-ea, v. n. to be willing to do. See

otowatenya.
o-ta'-'wa-ten, cont. of otawatenya ; otawaten

waste, it is pleasant to do ; otawaten ^ica, it

is unpleasant to decide on doing.
o-ta'-vra-ten-ya, v. n. to he willing to do, — ota-

watenwaya.
o-ta'-za, n. of taia : waves.
O-te'-hai), v. n. to be long about any thing, long

in doing, — omatehai) kta.
O-te'-M, n. a thicket of bushes or brush ; misery,

difficulty.
o-ti', v. n. to dwell in, — owati, uijkotipi.
O-ti', n. a house, dwelling.
o-ti'-'wi-ta, n. on old encatnpment, where there

has been a cluster of tents.
O-ti'-'WO-ta, n. an old encampment.
o'-tkam, cont. of 6tkapa.
o'-tkam-ya, v. a. to make stick on, daub, as with

pitch, — 6tkamwaya.
o'-tka-pa, V. n. to stick on, as pitch, snow, or

mud, — omatkapa.
O-tke', V. n. to hang from, be lodged on, be sus-

pendedfrom any thing, as a tree.
O-tke '-y a, v. a. to hang up, suspend any thing, —

otkewaya, otkeugyappi.
O-tke '-ya-har), part, hanging up.
O-to', adj. cont. of otoiyohi ; each one ; i. q. owa-

siq.

OTO

169

OWA

O-to'-i-yo-hi, adj. each one, every one.
O-to'-ka-he, n. the beginning : otokahe ekta, at

the beginning.
o'-to-ka-he, n. that which goes first.
o-to'-ka-he-ya, n. the first, the beginning.
O-to'-ka-he-ya, adv. at the beginning.
O '-to-ka-ta, adv. be/ore, foremost.
O-to'-ki-he, adj. (Ihaqk.) the next.
O-to'-ksu, V. to haul or transport in, as in a

cart, — otowaksu, otouqk^upi.
O-to'-ksu, n. hauling, transporting : otok^u

waste, it is good hauling.
O-tOf)', V. a. to put on and wear, as leggins or

pantaloons, — owatoq .
o-too'-'wai), V. to look into, — owatoijwai), uqko-

toi)wai)pi.
o-tog'-vre, n. a cluster of houses or tents, a

village, a town, a city. See toi)wai)yaQ.
0-tor)'-yai), adv. of toxjyai) ; suppurating.
O-to'-sa, adj. blunt, round, not cut up : otosa

spai), cooked whole ; said of any thing cooked

without drawing the entrails. See otoza.
O-to'-to, adv. red. of oto.

O-to'-to-dai), adv. clear of brush, long grass, etc.
O-to'-za, adj. blunt, round, cylindrical, any thing

round and long ; not split : as, <5ai) otoza, a round

stick. See otoza.
O-tpa'-gi, V. pas. of opagi ; to fill one's own pipe,

— owatpagi.
o'-tpa-nl, V. n. to lack, be wanting. Hence, capt-

otpani, to long for.
o'-tpa-ni-yai), adv. less, lacking ; not yet, be-
forehand : otpaniyar) wahi, / have come too soon.
o'-tpas, cont. of otpaza : otpas idu, to become

dark.
o'-tpas-ya, v. a. to make dark, — otpaswaya.
o'-tpas-ya, adv. darkly, obscurely.
o'-tpa-za, V. n. to be dark.
o'-tpa-za, n. darkness, night. Same as okpaza.
o'-tpe, v. Same as okpe.
O-tu'-tka, n. crumbs, fragments.
O-tu'-'wi-ta, n. an old encampment. See otiwita

and otiwota.
O-ta, V. n. of ta ; to die in any place ; to have the

stomach overloaded, to die of a surfeit, — omata.
O-te', V. n. to die, be dying : ote teii, hard to die,

tenacious of life.
O-til)', V. n. to roar as thunder ; to make a noise,

as the ice cracking.
0-tir)s', cont. of otiijza; otiqs yaqka.
0-tir)'-za, v. n. to be tight or fast in, said of

clothes that are too small and of food that sticks

in the throat ; to be too little or too large, —

omatii)za.
O-to'-hnag, cont. of otohnaka.
22

o-to'-hnag-ya, adv. at the risk of life.
o-to'-hna-ka, v. n. to risk life, be fool-hardy, be

willing to die, — otowahnaka. See otoohnaka.
O-to'-o-hna-ka, v. a. to be willing to die, to dare,

risk life, — otoowahnaka.
O-to'-za, or otoza, adj. blunt, stubbed ; cylindri-
cal. See otoza.
O-ui)', V. n. of UQ, to be ; to be in, — owauq.
O-ur)', n. of ui), to use ; a load of a gun ; a dose

of medicine ; what is used at once ; ammunition.
0-ur)'-ea-ge, n. likeness, form, kind, growth, —

ouijmae'age, ouqnicage.
o-ur)'-hda-ka, v. n. of uqhdaka ; to be moving :

ouijhdaka uijpi, they are moving or camping.
0-UI)'-hda-ke, «. a moving party.
O-uq'-pa, V. a. to lay in and bind up, as an infant

on a board, — owaugpa.
o-ur)'-yar), v. n. to be or exist in, dwell in ; to

reign over, govern, — ouqwaya, ouquijyaijpi.
o-ur)'-ye-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to dwell in ; to

cause to rule over, — ou^yewakiya.
o-ug'-ye-ya, v. a. to cause to dwell in, give

power to, — ouijyewaya, ouijyeugyaflpi.
O-u'-ye, n. the coming, springing up, as of the

grass ; a quarter of the heavens : tate ouye topa,

the four quarters of the wind.
o-vra', V. a. to paint, sketch, figure, write, — owa-

wa, uijkowapi.
0-"Wa'-ci, V. of waci ; to dance in, — owawa($i,

owauflcipi.
o-'V«ra'-ei, n. a dance.
0-'wa'-eir)-ksain, cont. of owacii^ksapa.
o-vra'-ciQ-ksain-ya, adv. intelligently.
0-'Wa'-cir)-ksa-pa, adj. intelligent, mse, timder-

standing, — owacigmaksapa.
O-Tva'-hde, n. the set of a gun-cock.
O-vra'-hi-na-pe, n. the springing up of vegeta-
bles, water, etc.
0-"Wa'-hi-na-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to spring up,

— owahinapewaya.
o-vra'-liain-ya, v. (owasiij and hamya) to scare

all away, — owahamwaya.
o-wa'-ham-ya, w. one who scares away.
o-vra'-hpa-ni, adj. poor, miserable.
o-wa'-Rpa-ni-ea, adj. poor, — omawahpanica.
O-'wa'-lipa-ni-ya, v. a. to make poor, — owahpa-

niwaya.
0-"wa'-hpa-ni-yai), adv. poorly, miserably.
0-"wa'-ki-be, n. a seam, a joint.
O-wa'-ki-cOQ-ze, n. a law, a rule.
©-■wa'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to write, etc., — owa-

wakiya, owauijkiyapi.
o-wa'-ki-ye, v. a. to speak to or with ; to speak

harshly to, to reprimand ; to offend, — owawakiye,

owaupkiyepi, owamakiye, owa<{iciye.

OWA

170

OWI

©-■wa'-koQ-ze, n. determination.

O-wa'-ma-nor), v. to steal in or from any place,
— owamawanoi).

o-"wa'-nia-nor), n. a thief.

o-"wa'-na-se, n. a place of chasing buffalo ; the
huffalo-chase.

o'-"wa-ni-ye-tu, n. winter. See waniyetu.

o'-waQ-ca, adv. all over.

©'-■wag-ca-ya, adv. every where, all over ; all to-
gether.

©-■wagg', cont. of owai)ka.

0-wai)g'-ya, v. a. to resemble, imitate, take les-
sons from one, — owaqgwaya, owai)gui)yai)pi :
owaijgi^iya, to form a hahit, he in the habit of.

0-"War)g'-ya, adv. through all, through the mid-
dle. ,

©-■waij'-ka, V. n. to resemble, be like, — oma-
•vvaflta, oniwaqka.

0-"war)'-ka, v. n. of waqka ; to lie in a place, —
omuqka, uqkowaqkapi.

0-"War)'-ka, n. a place to lie on, a place where
persons sleep ; a floor ; a place of pitching a tent,
the ground.

©-■war)'-ka-i-ea-hir)-te, and o'V7ai)kicahiQte,
n. something to sweep with, a broom.

©-■waQk'-i-pa-klri-te, n. a mop, floor-cloth.

o-vraijk'-i-yu-hiQ-te, n. a broom.

O-waQ'-yag, cont. of owajjyaka : owapyag wa^te,
beautiful ; owaijyag ii6&, ugly.

O-'waij'-ya-ka, v. a. to look upon, — owa^mdaka :
owaijyake wa^te, good to look upon, handsome.

0-"wai)'-ya-ke, n. a sight, a show ; a vision.

0-"war)'-ya-ke-ka, n. something delightful to be
seen.

0-"war)'-ye-ye, n. a place to look out at, a win-
dow, a port-hole, a loop-hole.

O-TWaQ'-ye-ye-toi), v. to have windows, having
port-holes.

O-TVaQ'-zi, adv. at rest, at leisure : owaqii yaij-
ka, to be at rest. See owaqiidai).

0-'wai)'-zi-dar), adv. at rest, disengaged, unem-
ployed : owai)iidai) yaqka, to be unemployed ;
owaqiidai) maqke ^ni, / am not at leisure.

©-■wa'-pi, part, figured, written.

o-"was'-ir), adj. all, every one; the whole, the
greater part.

0-"was'-ir)-sir), adj. red. of owasii).

O-Awas', cont. of owaia : owas wauq ^ni, / am
not near to, not affected by.

O-vra'-sag-toi), adj. easily purchased.

©-■wa'-a'a-ka, v. n. to be strong for the accom-
plishment of any thing, — owama^'aka.

©-■wa'-sa-ka-dai), adj. cheap, easily purchased.

©-■wa'-ste, n. something good with another thing.

©-■wa'-ste-ea, adj. See owa^tedaka.

©-■wa'-ste-ea-ka, adj. pleasant, as a pleasant
place, pleasant weather.

O-vras'-ya, v. a. to bring near to, cause to be near :
commonly used with the negative, as, owa^waye
sni.

O-'wa'-u-ye, n. the groiving, springing up of
things.

o-'wa'-ya-tpai), n. what is chewed fine, as the
muskrat's food.

0-"wa'-yu-hi. See wayuhi.

©-■wa'-yitsna, v. to sacrifice in any place, —
owamdusna.

o-"wa'-yu-sna, n. a place of sacrifice, an altar, a
propitiatory.

©-■wa'-yu-tpai), n. what is ground up fine.

0-"wa'-za, V. n. to be near to : owaza sni, not
near. See iyowaia sni.

0-"we', n. afoot-print, track, trail, — miowe, uqko-
wepi.

o'-'vre, n. a spring or well : mini owe, a well or
spring of water. See miniyowe.

©-■we'-ce-ea-ka, v. n. to be like another in de-
meanor, appearance, etc., — owemacedaka.

o'-"we-6ii)-har), adv. in succession, in Indian file,
in an extended line.

o'-"we-eii)-har)-har), adv. red. of dweciijhag.

o'-we-cig-harj-yar), adv. in Indian file.

©'-■we-harj-har), v. n. to jest, make fun, — 6we-
wahaijhai).

o'-vre-har)-hai)-yar), adv. jestingly.

o-"we'-sde-ke, n. a war-prize, as a pipe ; a badge
of honor.

©-■we'-ste, V. n. to use a bye-word, — owewaite,
oweuri^tepi.

o-we'-ste-pi, n. bye-words, cant phrases.

o-we'-ste-ya, adv. in the manner of a bye-
word.

0-"we'-sur)-ke-ea, v. n. to be unable to escape,
unable by any effort to extricate oneself, — owe-
wasuijkeca, oweuijsuijkecapi.

o-'wl'-ca&-ko-ke-dar), adj. precocioits, as a child
who walks early. See oicahkokedai).

©-■wi'-cali-te-hag, adj. of slow growth or de-
velopment,— owicahmatehai). See oidahtehaq.

O-vri'-ea-ku-za, n. laziness, debility.

o'-vri-ca-zi, n. rest.

0-"wi'-har)-ke, n. of ihaqke ; the end of time, the
end of space ; the end of any thing, as of a lake.

o-"wi'-hai)-ke-sni-yar), adv. endlessly, eter-
nally.

o-vri'-haij-ke-ta, adv. at the end.

O-'wi'-haij-ke-'wa-ni-ca, n. (no end, without
end), the Eternal One, Jehovah.

O-^wl'-haQ-ke-ya, v. a. to bring to an end, de-
stroy,— owihaqkewaya, owihaijkeugyaijpi.

OWI

171

OYA

O-'wi'-he-ea, n. an arrow laid down or placed to
shoot at ; a mark to shoot at, a target. See
owiijlieca.
©-■wi'-iiar), v. n. to graze in, as cattle in a field.
o-wi'-ke, V. Used only with ^ni. See owike^ni.
o-wi'-ke-sni, v. n. to be strong, not to fail, as

the strength of a person, — omawikesni.
o'-vrirj-ge, n. a curl, as of hair : pesdete 6wiflge,

the curl on the top of the head.
0-'wir)'-he-ea, n. an arrow shot as a mark to

shoot at ; a target.
o-"wir)8', cont. of owii)ia.
o-"wir)s'-ki-ea-tor), v. a. to lay or place down a bed

for one, — owiqswecatoi), owiijsmidatog.
o-'wir)s'-ki-ya, v. a. to make a bed of, strew or

spread down for a bed, — owiqswakiya,
O-wirji'-tor), v. to have a bed, — owiijiwatoi).
0-'wir)s'-ya, v. a. to make a bed of, — owiijiwaya.

See owiijskiya.
o-vriij'-za, n. something spread to lie doum or

sit on, a bed.
O-Twlij'-za, V. a. to make a bed of, use for a bed,

— omiijza, oniqza, ui)kowii)iapi.
o-"wii)'-za-a-ka-fipe, n. a bed-guilt.
O-TWi'-tko, V. n. to be drunk m<A,— omawitko.
O-'wi'-tko-tko, adj. foolish.
o-wi'-tko-tko-ya, adv. foolishly.
o'-"Wi-tko-ya, adv. acting foolishly from choice,

playing the fool.
©'-■wi-tko-ya-ken, adv. foolishly.
©-■wo'-bo-pte, n. of bopta ; the place from which
a tipsiqna or Dakota turnip has been dug. Owo-
bopte wakpa, the River Pomme de Terre, a
branch of the Minnesota, which joins it from the
north, a few miles above Lac-qui-parle.
©-■wo'-du-ta-tor), v. n. to make a noise or bustle.
o-wo'-du-ta-toQ, n. noise, bustle, clamor.
0-'Wo'-du-ta-tor)-yar), adv. clamorously.
o-wo'-sma, n. dense leaves.
o-"Wo'-tai)-ir), adj. clear, manifest : owota^iq

&n\, not clear, foggy, hazy, smoky.
©-■wo'-tag-ir), n. clearness, appearance : owotai)-

ii) sni au, a haziness is coming on.
o-"Wo'-tai)-ir)-ka. Same as owotaijiij.
©-■wo'-tari-na, adj. straight, not crooked ; right,
just ; having done no wrong, upright, — omawo-
taqna and omaowotaijna, oniwotagna, uqkowo-
taijpidai).
©-■wo'-taij-taQ-na, adj. red. of owotaijna.
O-ya'-gi, V. a. to impede, as high grass does in

walking ; to scratch, — omaya^.
O-ya'-gi-ya, v. a. to cause to impede, as by send-
ing one into the brush, — oyagiwaya.
O-ya'-hdo-hdo, v. n. to rattle in the throat, have
a rattling in the throat, — omdahdohdo.

o-ya'-hdo-hdo-ka, v. to begin to speak, as a

child, — omdahdohdoka.
O-ya'-Bido-ka, v. a. to bite a hole in any thing ;

to use language, — omdahdoka.
0-ya'-fi.do-ka, n. a hole bitten in.
o-ya'-he, v. n. to dry up, evaporate, as water ; to
fall or diminish, as water in a stream ; said also
of a vessel when a little is taken out.
0-ya'-b.e-ko-ke-daq, adj. boiling away fast ;

said of a pot or kettle.
O-ya'-fie-ya, v. a. to cause to boil away or eva-
porate,— oyahewaya.
O-ya'-ka, v. a. to relate any thing, tell, as a story ;
to introduce one, tell his name, — omdaka, odaka,
ui)koyakapi, ociyaka.
0-ya'-koi)-pi, v. pi. they are in a place.
o-ya'-ksa, v. a. to bite any thing off in, —

omdaksa.
O-ya'-ksa-ksa, v. red. of oyaksa.
O-ya'-kse, n. a biting off.

O-yag'-ka, n. a place, seat ; a place of residence.
O-ya'-pe, n. the small end of a pipe-stem which

is taken into the mouth.
o-ya'-pta, v. a. to leave, have over and above what

one eats, — omdapta, uqkoyaptapi.
O-ya'-pta-pi, n. remnants, crumbs.
O-ya'-sa-ka, adj. dried hard on or in, withered.
O-ya'-ska, v. a. to clean off by passing through
the mouth, — omdaska : pahii) oyaska, to draw
porcupine quills through the mouth.
O-ya'-si-ca, v. a. of ya^ica ; to speak ill of, give

a bad character to, — omdaiida.
O-ya'-ski-ska, v. of ya^ki^ka ; to speak unintel-
ligibly,— omda^kiska.
O-ya'-tag, cont. of oyataka.
O-y a'-tag-y a, v. a. to cause to stick or drag heavy,

as a sled on bare ground, — oyatagwaya.
O-ya'-ta-ka, v. n. to stick or drag heavy.
O-ya'-tax), v. a. to bite or press on with the teeth,

— omdataij.
o-ya'-tarj-irj, v. n. to show, manifest, testify, —

omdataijiij, iiijkoyataijiqpi.
0-ya'-tai)-tar), v. red. of oyatai).
O-ya'-te, n. a people, nation, tribe, band.
O-ya'-tkar), v. a. to drink in any thing, — omda-

tkai].
O-ya'-tka-pa, v. n. to stick on or in any thing.
O-ya'-tke, n. drink ; a draught or drink of any

thing.
O-ya'-ta, v. a. to bite to death iw,^-omdata.
o-ya'-ta-ge, adj. rough, roughened.
O-ya'-te, n. a biting to death.
0-ya'-"wa, v. a. to count, read ; to read or count
in, — omdawa. Hence, oyawa tipi, o school-
house.

OYA

172

OZI

O-ya'-za, n. things strung on together, a string

of beads, a bunch of fish.
O-ya'-zaq, v. n. to he sick for, sick in consequence

of, — omayazaz). See yazai).
O-ye', n. a track, foot-print, mark or track left

by any thing.
O-yu'-ge, V. a. to put on or wear any thing, —

omduge.
O-yu'-hi, V. to impede ; i. q. cai)ku peii aohdute-

yapi. See 6hi.
O-yu'-hda, v. a. to ring, as a bell, in a place, —

omduhda. Hence, mazahdahda oyuhda, a belfry.
o-yu'-hda-lida, v. red. of oyuhda.
o-yu'-lida-ta, v. a. to scratch in, — oniduhdata.
O-yu'-Bida-te, n. a scratch.
O-yu'-hde-ea, v. a. to tear in, as in an old hole,

— omduhdeea.
O-yu'-Me-ee, n. a rent.
O-yu'-lido-ka, v. a. to bore or make a hole in, to

make holes in, as hard snow does in horses' legs,

— omduhdoka.
O-yu'-lido-ke, n, an opening.
O-yu'-lii, n. a pimple, a rough place.
O-yu'-hpa, V. a. to put or pull down in, — omdu-

hpa.
O-yu'-lipe, n. a throwing down.
O-yu'-ksa, v. a. to break off, as a stick, in a hole,

— omduksa, uqkoyuksapi.
O-yu'-ktar), v. a. to bend any thing into some-
thing else, — omduktai).
0-3ru.'-ktai), n. a bend, a crook.
o-yu'-ktar)-yai), adv. bent into.
O-yu'-mde-ea, v. a. to divide out, scatter, break

to pieces within something, — omdumdeca.
O-yu'-mde-ee, n. a breaking in.
O-yu'-mden, cant, of oyumdeda ; oyumden iyeya :

oyumden ehnaka, to open out.
O-yu'-paij-ga, adj. loose, not tied tight.
O-yu'-po-ta, V. a. to tear to pieces in, — omdu-

pota.
O-yu'-po-te, n. a torn place, a rent.
o-yu'-pta, V. a. to cut out in, — omdupta. See

yupta.
O-yu'-pte, n. pieces left in cutting out a gar-
ment, scraps, remnants.
O-yu'-six), V. a. to fall out with one, hate, not

to be on speaking terms with, — omdusiq, uqko-

yusippi.
0-yu'-sil)-yai), adv. out of humor with.
O-yu'-ski-ta, v. a. to wrap up in, as a babe in

its blankets, — omduskita.
O-yu'-spa, V. a. to lay hold of one, stop one, —

omduspa. This is said to be from ' yuza.'
O-yu'-spa-ya, v. a. of yuspaya ; to make wet

with the hands in any thing, — omduspaya.

o-yu'-spe-ki-ya, v. a. ■ to cause to lay hold of

one, — oyuspewakiya.
o-yu'-si-ea, v. a. to do wrong in respect of, —

omdusica.
O-yu'-si-ee, n. that which injures.
O-yu'-skag, v. to relapse, — omihdu^kai].
O-yu'-sna, v. a. to let drop or fall into ; to waste,

— omdusna.
O-yu'-sna, n. something dropped, crumbs, scraps.
o-yu'-star), v. a. to finish within, as a house ; to

put one into another, as buckets, or as a cork into

a bottle, — omdustai), uijkoyu^taijpi.
o-yu'-tar), v. a. to touch, feel, — omdutaij.
0-yu'-tai)-tai), v. red. of oyutaq ; to feel, — omdu-

taijtar).
O-yu'-te, n. eating, food. See woyute.
0-yu'-tkor)-za, v. a. to make equal, break off and

make equal with something else, — omdutkoijza.
0-yu'-tkor)-ze, n. something that makes equal.
O-yu'-tpu-tpa, V. a. to crumble and scatter about

in, — omdutputpa.
O-yu'-ta, V. a. to kill in, — omdufa.
o-yu.'-tir)-za, v. a. to make firm in, — omdutiQza.
O-jni'-tiiJ-ze, n. a strengihener.
o-yu'-zai), V. a. to spread out, as a curtain, —

omduzai).
O-yu'-ze, V. a. to take or dip out food into, —

omduze.
O-yu'-ze, n. of yuza ; a taking, catching.
o'-za, adj. both. See henaoza and denaoza.
o'-zai), n. a curtain : 6zaQpi, curtains, as bed

curtains.
o'-ze, V. of yuza ; to catch : oze wate, good to

catch ; oze ^ica, bad to catch : to take or get.

Hence, Makatooze (earth-blue-take), the Blue

Earth river.
o'-ze, n. of yuza ; a hand's-breadih : oze waijii-

dai), one taking hold of; caqte oze, the feeling of

the heart, purpose.
o'-ze-lsi-ySL, adv. taking hold of : (Saqte ozekiya,

the heart taking hold, thought.
o'-ze-ya, adv. in the manner of holding : <5ai)te

ozeya.
o'-ze-ye-ki-ya, v. to cause to hold the mind.

John xiii. 2. Perhaps this should have been

6zekiya.
O-ze'-ze, V. n. to swing, be hanging : ozeze hiyeya.
O-ze'-ze-ya, adv. swinging.
O-zi', v. n. to rest, — omazi, uijkozipi.
O-zl', n. rest. See owic'azi.
O-zi'-ki-ya, v. n. to rest, take rest, — oziwakiya.
o-zin'-ya, v. a. to make a smoke, to fumigate, —

ozinwaya.
o-zir)'-tka, n. See oijziijtka.
o-zl'-ta, V. n. to smoke. See izita.

OZI

173

PAG

O-zi'-ya, v. to rest, take rest : ozii^Jiya, to rest

oneself, — ozimi^iya.
O-zo', n. a cape or headland ; a peninsula.
0-zur)'-te, n. what is connected, connexion.
O-zu'-ye, n. war ; a war-party, an army.
o'-zar)-zar), n. light, a light.
o'-zar)-zar)-hde-pi, n. a window, windows ; a

looking-glass.
O-za'-te, n. a fork, the forks of a road or stream.
O-zi', V. a. to lohisper about, — owaii.
0-zir)'-zir)-tka, n. See oqiiijiiiitka.
o-zi'-zi, V. red. of oii ; to whisper about, — owaii-

ix, ui)koiiiipi.
O-zi'-zi-ya, adv. in a whispering manner.
o-zi'-zi-ya-har), adv. whispering.
o-zu', V. a. to plant or put in the ground, as corn,

etc., to sow ; to load, as a gun, — owaiu.
o'-zu, V. n. to be full of days, to be old, about to

die of old age, — 6maiu, 6niiu.
O-zu'-dai), adj. full, filled full, — omaiudar) :

ista maka onizudai), thine eye is full of dust.
o-zu'-dar)-ya, v. a. to fill full, — oiudagwaya.
o-zug'-zu-dar), adj. red. of ozudari ; used in

reference to vessels.
O-zu'-ha, n. a sheath or case for any thing, as,

isai) oiuha, a knife-sheath ; an empty bag ;

something that contains or covers, a box, barrel,

etc. : (faldi oiuha, a powder-flask ; tasusu oiuha,

a bullet-pouch ; kokoiuha, an empty cask.
O-zu'-ki-ci-tor), v. of oiutoi) ; to fill a bag for

one, — oiuwecitoi).
O-zu'-ki-tor), v. pos. of oiutoi) ; to fill up one's

own bags, etc., — oiuwakitoi) and o^uwetoi), oiu-

uijkitoQpi.
O-zu'-pl, part, filled ; planted ; loaded, as a gun.
O-zu'-pi, n. something to plant or sow, seed.
O-zu'-snl, adv. not full.
0-4u'-tor), V. a. to fill up into sacks, etc., — oin-

watoq.
O-zu'-ya, i). a. to fill ; load, as a gun ; to cause to

fill or plant, — oiuwaya.
O-zu'-zu, V. n. to fall to pieces in any place.
0-zu'-4u-har), part, fallen to pieces in.
O-Zu'-ZU-'wa-hai), part, fallen to pieces in.

P.

p, the nineteenth letter of the Dakota alphabet. It
has the same sound as in English.

pa, a prefix to verbs denoting that the action is
done by pushing or drawing, rubbing or pressing
with the hands or arms. The pronouns are pre-
fixed.

pa, n. the head of man or beast, — mapa, widapa :
the principal part of any thing.

pa, V. n. to fall, as snow: wapa, it snows.

pa, V. a. to bark at, as a dog does : ^u^ka mapa,

a dog barks at me ; ^uijka papi, the dogs bark.
p'a, adj. bitter.
pa-a'-hda-psir), adv. paahdapsiij ehpeya, to turn

bottom upwards.
pa-a'-hda-psir)-yar), adv. bottom upwards, over-
turned : paahdap^iqyar) iyeya, to turn bottom up-
wards.
pa-a'-lio, adv. paaho iyeya, to brush up, as the

hair from the forehead. See aho.
pa-a'-zi, adv. paazi iyeya, to push aground. See

azi.
pa-lia'-ga, v. a. to roll or twist in the hand, —

wapabaga, uijpabagapi.
pa-be', i;. to file. Same as pamag.
pa-bo '-tu-ka, n. See pai)botuka.
pa-bu', v. a. to drum on with the fingers, — wa-

pabu.
pa-bu'-bu, V. red. of pabu.
pa-bu'-ya, v. a. to cause to make a drumming

noise with the hand, — pabuwaya.
pa-car) '-ear), «;. a. to push and make tremble, as

one's arm by hard pushing, — wapadaqdaq.
pa-car)'-nan, adv. shoved off: pacaijnan iyeya, to

shove out, as a boat from the shore.
pa-eeg', cont. of paceka ; paceg iyeya.
pa-eeg'-eeg, cont. of padegceka : padegc'eg iyeya,

to push aside and make stagger.
pa-eeg'-ee-ka, v. red. of padeka ; to make stag-
ger,— wapacegceka.
pa-ce'-ka, v. a. to push and make stagger, — wa-

paceka, uijpacekapi.
pa-ei'-ka-dar), v. a. to make small by rubbing, —

wapaci^adaq.
pa-ci'-stir)-na, v. a. to make small by rubbing or

pressing, — wapacistiqna.
pa-eo'-eo, v. a. to rub soft, as mortar, — wapa-

6060.
pa-eo'-ka-ka, v. a, to empty, push or draw all

out, — wapadokaka.
pa-eo'-za, v. a. to make warm by rubbing, — wa-

pacoza.
Pa-da'-nl, n. p. the Pawnee Indians.
pa-dom', cont. of padopa ; padom iyeya.
pa-dom'-dom, red. of padom ; padomdom iyeya.
pa-do'-pa, V. a. to push into the mud, bemire, —

wapadopa.
pa-e'-ee-tu, v. a. to adjust as it was or should

be, push into the right place, as a dislocated joint,

— wapaee'etu.
pa-gam', cont. of pagapa ; pagam iyeya.
pa-gar)', v. a. to part with, give away, spare ; to

open, as a door, with the hand, — wapagai), ni)pa-
■ gaDpi.

PAG

174

PAH

pa-gag'-gar), v. red. of pagai).

pa-gar)'-ya, v. a. to cause to give away ; to cause

to open, — pagaqwaya.
pa-gai)'-yar), adv. parting with ; opening.
pa-ga'-pa, v. a. to push off with the hand, as the

skin of an animal, — wapagapa.
pa-ge', w. the diaphragm ; the abdomen.
pa-go', V. a. to carve, engrave, — wapago.
pa-go'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to carve or engrave, —

pagowakiya.
pa-gor)'-ta, n. the mallard duck. Anas boschas.
pa-go'-pa-ti-ea, v. to put in under a girdle, as a

knife.
pa-go'-pa-tin, cont, of pagopatica; pagopatin

iyeya.
pa-gug', cont. of paguka ; pagug iyeya.
pa-gu'-ka, V. a. to sprain by rubbing, etc. ; to rub

down, as in dressing skins, — wapaguka.
pa-gur)'-ta, n. See pagoijta.
pa'-ha, n. the hair of the head ; the scalp.
pa-ha', n. a mound, hill.
pa-ha', V. a. to raise to strike, — wapaha. See

apaha.
pa-ha'-i-ye-ya, v. a. to push aside ; to oppose,

reject.
pa-ha'-pa-zo-dar), n. aprominent or conspicuous

hill.
pa-ha'-ta, adv. at or on the hill, to the hill: pa-

hata mde kta, / will go cm the hill.
pa-ha'-ya, adj. piled up, projecting, prominent.
pa-hba', v. a. to shell off, as corn, tvith the hands,

— wapahba, uijpahbapi.
pa-hbe'-za, v. a. to make somewhat rough by

rubbing, — wapahbeza.
pa-hbu', v. to push into, bury, as in a barrel of

corn : pahbu iyeya.
pa-hda'-ka-ya, adv. spreading out, scattering,

as a herd of buffaloes when chased.
pa-hde'-za, v. a. to make spotted or ringed by

rubbing, — wapahdeza.
pa-hl', v. a. to pick up, gather up, gather together,

— wapahi, uijpahipi.
pa-hin', cont. of pahiqta : pahin iyeya, to brush

off quickly and completely, — pahin iyewaya.
pa'-hig, n. the hair of the head.
pa-hig', n. the porcupine, the quills of the por-
cupine, used by the Dakotas in ornamental work.
pa-hirj'-ta, v. a. to rub, brush, or wipe off, —

wapahiqta, uijpahiijtapi.
pa-hmi'-hma, v. a. to roll with the hand, — wa-

pahmihma. Hence, caqpahmihma.
pa-hmi'-yai), v. a. to make round like a ball

with the hands, — wapahmiyaij.
pa-hmi'-yag-yar), v. a. to make a ball with the

hands, — wapahmiyaijyai).

pa-hmoi)', V. a. to twist with the hand ; to twist,
as yarn, with a wheel, — wapahmoi), uijpahmo^pi.
pa-hnior)'-ka, v. to twist. See pahmoq.
pa-hinoi)'-pi, n. a hank or skein of yam.
pa-hmui)', V. See pahmor).
pa-hna', v. a. to shake off, as fruit, with the hand,

— wapahna.
pa-hna'-skii)-yaQ, v. a. to make furious by

pushing about, — wapahnaskiijyari.
pa-hna'-yar), v. a. to deceive with the hand,

make deceptive gestures, — wapahnayai).
pa-ho'-ho, V. a. to shake or wioye, make loose by

pushing, as a tooth, — wapahoho : pahoho sni,

immovable.
pa-ho'-ho-sul-yai), adv. immovably.
pa-ho'-mni, v. a. to push any thing round, —

wapahomni.
pa-ho'-tor), v. a. to cause to make a noise, as

iron by filing, or an animal by stabbing, — wapa-

hotoi).
pa'-hu, n. the skull-bone.
pa-hu', n. the large part or head of any thing ;

as, cai)duhupa pahu, the bowl of a pipe ; maza-

kai) pahu, the breech of a gun ; oijspe pahu, the

pole of an axe ; mdo pahu, the root of a Dakota

potato ; tipsiijna pahu, the upper part of the tip-

siflna ; wamnaheza pahu, the butt-end of a corn-
cob.
pa-hu'-hus, cont. of pahuhuza ; pahuhus iyeya.
pa-hu'-hus-ya, v. a. to cause to shake with the

hand, — pahuhuswaya.
pa-hu'-hu-za, v. a. to shake with the hand, as a

tree, — wapahuhuza.
pa-hu'-kun, adv. down : pahukun iyeya, to bow

the head, push the head down.
pa-hu'-"wa-te-zi, n. the butt-end of a gun when

very large.
pa-Ra', V. a. to make rough by rubbing, — wapaha.
pa-ha', v. n. to bud : caqwapa paha, buds.
pa-lia'-ha, v. n. to be rough, as ice sometimes is.
pa-ha'-tka, v. a. to make rough, rub against the

grain, — wapahatka.
pa-hci', V. a. to tear out a piece, pick out a

piece, — wapahci.
pa-fi.cl'-hei, V, red. of pa]i(5i.
pa-hda'-gar), v. a. to enlarge, to cause to

lengthen out, — wapahdaga^.
pa-lida'-go-zu, n. the internal parts of the nose,

the nasal fossce.
pa-hdan', cont. of pahdata : pahdan iyaya, to go

scratching or scraping along.
pa-hda'-ta, v, a. to scratch or scrape along, —

wapahdata.
pa-bda'-te, n. the root of the nose : i. q. pahda-

goiu.

PAH

175

PAK

pa-lida'-ya, v. a. to peel off, pull off, as the skin

of a potato, — wapahdaya.
pa-hde'-6a, v. a. to tear, pull to pieces, — wapa-

Meca.
pa-hde'-hde-ea, v. red. of paldeca.
pa-hden, cont. of pahdeca ; pahden iyeya.
pa-hdi', V. a. to stick in the ground, as a stake

or stick, — wapahdi.
pa-hdi', n. the excretion of the nasal fossa.
pa-Rdi'-hdi, v. red. of pahdi.
pa-hdi'-ya, v. a. to cause to push into the

ground, — pahdiwaya.
pa-hdog', cont. of patdoka ; palidog iyeya.
pa-hdo'-har), v. paRdohai) iyeya, to push down,

as one's coat sleeve : i. q. pasdohai).
pa-hdo'-hdo-ka, v. red. of pahdoka.
pa-hdo'-ka, v. a. to make a hole in, pierce, run

through, bore, as the ears, — wapahdoka.
pa-he '-yam, cont. of paleyata : paheyam iyeya,

to push aside.
pa-he '-ya-pa, v. to shove aside. See pahe-

yata.
pa-he '-ya-ta, f. paieyata iyeya, to pMsA 6ac* or

out to one side.
pa-hi'-ya-ya, adv. roughly, not well made, not

smooth, as any thing rasped.
pa-hmilj'-se, adj. left-handed.
pa-hpa', V. a. to throw, as a horse his rider ; to

take down, as any thing hanging up ; to lag down

or put off, as one's load ; to scrape off, as the

flesh that sticks to a hide, — wapahpa, uijpahpapi.
pa-hpe'-ya, v. a. to cause to throw down, — pa-

hpewaya.
pa-hpu', V. a. to pick off, break off in small pieces ;

to tear down, as birds' nests, — wapahpu.
pa-hpu'-hpu, V. red. of pahpu.
pa-hpu'-ya, v. a. to cause to pick off, — pahpu-

waya.
pa-hta', V. a. to tie up, make into bundles or
~' packs, — pawahta, pauijhtapi. The ' pa ' in this

word is not a prefix.
pa-hta'-ka, v. a. to bind in bundles, — pawa-

htaka.
pa-hta'-pi, n. a bundle, a pack, packs of furs.
pa-hte'-ea, n. the sucker, a kind of fish.
pa-hu'-ga, V. a. to break through or push a hole

in, as in a kettle, — wapahuga.
pa-huh', cont. of pahuga ; pahuh iyeya.
pa-hu'-hu-ga, V. red. of pahuga.
pa-ir)'-yai)-ka, v. a. to shoot or throw a stick

through a hoop when rolling, push through with

the hand, — wapaigyaijka : paiijyaijka ki^Jugpi,

the game of shooting through a hoop.
pa-i'-pu-ski-ca, v. a. to press down on with the

hand, — wapaipuskica.

pa-i'-pu-skin, cont. of paipuskica ; paipuskin

iyeya.
pa-i'-tpi-ska, adv. paitpiska elipeya, to throw

over on the bellg, as a dog.
pa-i'-"W"a-ste-dar), adv. slowly : paiwastedai)

iyeya, to shove along .slowly.
pa-i'-vra-ste-ya, adv. slowly, gently.
pa-i'-ya-pa-to, v. n. to he pushed by : paiyapato

ihenii(5iye.
pa-i'-ya-pa-to-ya, v. a. to obstruct, push against,

— paiyapatowaya.
pa-i'-yo-vra-za, v. a. to make echo by striking

with the hand, — wapaiyowaza.
pa-ka', V. paka iyeya, to push down or break

down, as the ribs of an animal.
pa-kam', cont. of pakapa : pakam iyeya, to throw

or toss, as a ball.
pa-kar)', v. a. to respect, honor, — wapakai).
pa'-kar), v. n. to prevent : mini p4kai), to be pre-
vented by water, as in a journey.
pa-kar) '-ka, v. to honor, respect, — wapakaijka.
pa-kar)'-yar), arft>. prevented by, impassable : pa-

kaqyaq ya, to go round, as a lake.
pa-ka'-pa, v. a. to toss, strike a ball that is

thrown and send it back ; to strike and stab

before falling, — wapakapa.
pa'-ka-psar), v. a. (pa and kapsaij) to nod or

bow the head, nod assent, — pawakapsai).
pa-ka'-tir), v. a. to straighten out, as the arm

when bent at the elbow, — wapakatiq.
pa-ka'-'wa, v. a. to open out with the hand, as a

gun-pan, — wapakawa.
pa-kca, V. a. to comb, disentangle, untie, — wapa-

kca, uijpakc'api.
pa-kes', cont. of pakeza : pakes pamai), to make

a noise by filing any thing.
pa-ke'-za, v. a. to make a noise by rubbing, as in

filing, — wapakeza.
pa-ki'-ea-psai), v. a. to bow or nod the head to

one, — pawedapsai) .
pa-ki'-hnur)g, cont. of pakihnuijka; pakihnuijg

iyeya.
pa-ki'-hnuQ-ka, v. to push under water, make

dive.
pa-ki'-hta, v. pos. of pahta; to tie up or bind

together one's own, to pack up, — pawakihta, pa-

yakihta, pauijkihtapi.
pa-kin', cont. of pakiqta ; pakin iyeya, to wipe or

brush all off, — pakin iyewaya.
pa-kir)', v. a. to set up slanting, as a stick point-
ing in the direction one is going, — wapakiij.

Hence, da^jpakii), a stick thus set up, a guide-
stick.
pa-kir)', v. n. to stand leaning : pakii) iyaya, to

bow down the head, — pakii) imJamda.

PAK

176

PAN

pa-kiris', cont. of pakiqza.
pa-kirjs'-kig-za, v. red. of pakiijza.
pa-kir)'-ta, v. a. to wipe, as dishes, rub off,

cleanse, — wapakiqta, ui)pakii)tapi.
pa-kir)'-za, v. a. to make creak l^y rubbing, —

wapakigza.
pa-ki'-pu-ski-ca, v. n. to be pressed tight to-
gether.
pa-ki'-pu-skin, cont. of pakipuskic'a : pakipu-

skin iyeya, to press together ; pakipuskin ehnaka,

to lag on for the purpose of pressing down.
pa-ki'-pu-ski-ta, v. n. to be pressed together.
pa-ko', adj. crooked, bent round.
pa-ko', n. the outside of a bend.
pa-kon', cont. of pakota ; pakon iyeya.
pa-ko'-ta, V. a. to dig or take out marrow from

a bone, to probe, — wapakota.
pa-ko'-za, v. to push back and forth. Not mucli

used.
pa-kpa', V. a. to pierce, gouge out, as an eye, —

wapakpa.
pa-kpar)', v. a. to crush, make fine by pressing, —

wapakpai).
pa-kpai)'-kpar), v. red. of pakpaq.
pa-kpi', V. a. to pick a hole, break a hole, as a

young chicken in its shell ; to hatch.
pa-ksa', V. a. to break off, as a stick, with the

hand, break in two, — wapaksa.
pa-ksa'-ksa, v. red. of paksa.
pa-ksa', adj. bent down, like an old person, — ma-

ksa.
pa-ksai)', V. a. to bend, maJce bend by striking or

pushing, — wapaksag .
pa-ksar)'-ksai), v. red. of paksai).
pa-ksi'-ksar), adj. crooked, zigzag.
pa-ksi'-ksi-za, v. red. of paksiza.
pa-ksig', n. the kidneys, reins, — mapaksiij, wica-

paksir).
pa-ksis', cont. of paksiza ; paksis iyeya.
pa-ksi' za, v. a. to bend or double up, as the arm

at the elbow ; to double up any thing, — wapa-

k^iza.
pa-ktai)', V. a, to bend around with the hand, —

wapaktap.
pa-ktar)'-ktai), v. red. of paktai).
pa-ktar)'-yai), v. a. to cause to bend.
pa-ktar)'-yai), adv. bent around.
pa'-ku-ce-dar), n. head down : pakucedai) yuza,

to hold the head down, to apply oneself diligently.
pa-ku'-ka, v. a. to rub to pieces, wear out by

handling, — wapakuka.
pa-ku'-'wl-ska, n. the whip-poor-will.
pa-ke'-ga, v. a. to scrape with the hand, with

glass, etc., — wapa^ega.
pa-keh', cont. of pa^ega ; pa^eh iyeya.

pa-keh'-ke-ga, v. red. of paljega.

pa-kes', cont. of pal:eza ; pa]j;es iyeya.

pa-kes'-ke-za, v. red. of pa^reza.

pa-ke'-za, v. a. to scrape, make smooth by scraping,

— wapajfeza.
pa-kos', cont. of palfoza ; pa^os iyeya.
pa-kos'-ko-za, v. red. of pa^oza.
pa-ko'-za, v. a. to rub and make smooth and

hard, — wapa^oza.
pa-ma'-hde-dai), adv. head bowed down, prone :

pamahdedai) uq, to go with the head down, as in

sorrow.
pa-ma'-kom, adv. head down, prone, headlong :

pamakom yaijka.
pa-mar)', v. a. to fie, rub, polish, — wapabe, ya-

pabe, uijpamaripi.
pa-mdas', cont. of pamdaza ; pamdas iyeya.
pa'-mda-ska, n. fat-head : oijspe pamdaska, a

flat-headed axe, in distinction from the club-heads

used by the Dakota women.
pa-mda'-ska, v. a. to press out flat, to flatten, —

wapamdaska.
pa-mda'-ya, v. a. to spread out, make level ; to

iron, as clothes ; to make smooth, — wapamdaya,

ugpamdayapi.
pa-mda'-za, v. a. to burst open, tear open, as a

bag, by sitting on it, — wapamdaza.
pa-mde'-ea, v. a. to crush, break, as brittle ware,

by pressing, — wapamdec'a.
pa-mde'-mde-ca, v. red. of pamdeca.
pa-mden', cont. of pamdeca ; pamden iyeya.
pa-mden'-ya, v. a. to cause to crush, — pamden-

waya.
pa-mdu', V. a. to bruise fine, crush to powder, —

wapamdu, uijpamdupi.
pa-mi'-ma, v. a. to mxike round by filing or rub-
bing,— wapamima.
pa'-mi-ma, adj. round pointed : isai) p4mima,

a case-knife.
pa-mna', v. a. to rip, as one's coat sleeve, — wa-

pamna.
pa-mni', v. a. to divide, make a division, dis-
tribute any thing, — wapamni, uijpamnipi.
pa-mni '-mni, v. red. of pamni.
pa-na'-ke, adv. panake iyeya, to pu^h oner on

one side.
pa-na'-ke-ya, adv. lying on one side : panakeya

iyeya.
pa-nl', V. a. to push or jog one loiih the elbow, —

wapani.
pa-ni'-ni, v. a. to push or jog with the elbow or

hand ; to wake out of sleep by jogging, — wapa-

nini.
pa-nmi'-nma, v. This form is used by the Mdc-

wakaqtogwags. See pahmihma.

PAN

177

PAS

pa-nur)'-ga, v. a. to sprain, as the arm or hand,
— wapanuriga.

pai), V. n. to cry alotid, call, yell, halloo, — wapai),
uijpaijpi. See kipaij.

paq-bo'-tu-ka, n. an Indian woman's hag, iu
which she keeps her sewing apparatus ; a work-
bag, a reticule.

par)'-ga, adj. bulky, as buffalo robes, stuffed,
filled full.

par)'-ge-ea, adj. bulky, puffed out, — mapaijgec'a.

par)-gi', w. the artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus.

par)-gi'-hu, n. the stalk of the artichoke.

pai)'-par), v. red. of pai) ; to yell, make a noise,
shout, as the Dakota young men do, — wapaijpai).

pai)-pai)'-na, adj. soft, as a deer-skin or cloth.
This may be from 'paijna,' which is not now
used.

par)-pe'-ska, n. round white ornaments for the
neck, slightly curved ; daq paijpeska, the excres-
cences that grow on trees. Same as kaqpeska.

paij-pe'-ska-dar), n. dim. of pai)peska.

pai)-pe'-ska-"wa-ksi-ea, n. white-ware, chiruv-
ware.

par)S-pai)'-za, adj. soft, bunchy.

par)s-pai)'-ze-dar), adj. soft, as furs, bulky.

paijs'-ya, adv. bulky, bunchy.

par)'-yar), adv. crying out.

par)-yar)'-hai), adv. crying out, yelling : pai)-
yaijhai) eya.

pai)'-za, adj. puffed up, soft, bunchy ; one who is
lazy, — mapaq ia.

pa-o'-hda-psii), adv. rolled over, scattered about :
paohdap^ii) ehpeya, to turn bottom up.

pa-o'-hda-psirj-yar), adv. tumbled over, topsy-
turvy : paohdap^iijyai) iyeya.

pa-o'-hdu-ta, v. a. to close up or over, as a hole,
by rubbing, — wapaohduta.

pa-o'-hdu-te-ya, v. a. to cause to close up by
rubbing, — paohdutewaya.

pa-o'-po, V. n. to warp.

pa-o'-pu-ski-ea, v. a. to press down into.

pa-o'-pu-skin, cont. of paopuskida ', paopuskin
iyeya.

pa-o'-spe, V. a. to push under, as in water, — wa-
paospe : paospe iyeya, to push under, push out of
sight.

pa-o'-tkoQS, cont. of paotkoi)za.

pa-o'-tkor)-za, v. a. to press in full, make even
full, strike off level, as in measuring grain, — wa-
paotkoi)za.

pa-o'-tii)S, cont. of paotiqza ; paotiqs iyeya.

pa-o'-til)-za, v. a. to press in hard and tight, —
wapaotiijza.

pa-o'-ze-ze, v. n. to swing, dangle, hang, as ber-
ries.

pa-o'-ze-ze-ya, adv. swinging, dangling.
pa'-pa, n. (Ihaqk.) dried meat ; i. q. wadonioa.
pa-pa'-ga, v. n. to pop, as corn in parching.
pa-paf -ya, v. a. to parch, as corn, — papahwaya,

papahuijyaijpi. Hence wapapaiyapi, parched

corn.
pa-pir)'-za, v. to pick, prick or dot all over :

papiijzapi se.
pa-pom', cont. of papopa ; papom iyeya, to make

burst.
pa-po'-pa, V. a. to make burst or pop by sqtieez-

ing or pressing, — wapapopa : papopapi se, said

of quilting that is puffed up in Uttle bunches.
pa-po'-wa-ya, v. a. to rub or brush up, as fur

or nap on a hat or blanket, — wapapowaya.
pa-psag', cont. of papsaka ; papsag iyeya.
pa-psag'-ya, v. a. to cause to break, as a cord, —

papsagwaya.
pa-psa'-ka, v. a. to break in two with the hand,

as a cord, — wapapsaka, ugpapsakapi.
pa-psoi)', v. a. to pour out, spill, throw out, as a.

liquid, — wapapsog.
pa-psui)', V. See papsoq.
pa-psui)', V. a. to put out of joint or dislocate, as.

one's arm, — wapapsug.
pa-ptax)', V. a. to turn over, — wapaptai).
pa-ptar)'-ptar), v. red. of paptag ; to roll over,

wallow about, — wapaptagptai).
pa-ptai)'-ptai)-yai), adv. wallowing ahout.
pa-ptai)'-yai), adv. rolling about : paptagyag

iyeya, to roll over, roll away.
pa-ptu'-ptu-za, V. red. of paptuia.
pa-ptus', cont. of paptuia ; paptu^ iyeya.
pa-ptus'-ya, v. a. to cause to crack or split, —

paptu^waya.
pa-ptu'-za, V. a. to split, to crack by working

with the hands, — wapaptuia.
pa-pus', cont. of papuza ; papus iyeya.
pa-pu'-za, V. a. to rub dry, wipe dry, — wapa-

puza.
pa-sdan', cont. of pasdata.
pa-sda'-ta, v. a. to set up a pole in the ground,

to drive in, as a stake or tent pins, — wapasdata.
pa-sde'-ca, v. a. to split by striking or rubbing,

— wapasdeca. '-.

pa-sden', cont. of pasdeca ; pasden iyeya.
pa-sde'-sde-ea, v. red. of pasdeda.
pa-sdo'-hai), v. a. to push or shove along, — wa-

pasdohai).
pa-sdo'-har)-hai), v. red. of pasdohag.
pa-sem', cont. of pasepa ; pasem iyeya.
pa-se'-pa, v. a. to rub off, as white-wash, — wa-

pasepa.
pa-si', V. a. to follow after one, follow in Indian

file, follow, as a leader ; to chase, — wapasi.

PAS

178

PAT

pa-si '-pi-ka, w. one who is followed, a leader ; a
spokesman, — mapasipika.

pa'-ska, adj. white-headed.

pa-ska', V. a. to bleach, — wapaska.

pa-sM'-ca, v. a. to press down on with the hand,
— wapaskic'a.

pa-skin', cont. of paskica ; paskin jyeya.

pa-smag', cont. of pasmaka ; pasmag iyeya.

pa-sma'-ka, v. a. to make a hollow in by push-
ing, to indent, — wapasmaka.

pa-smi', V. a. to do little things to irritate, pro-
voke, pick a quarrel with, — wapasmi, uqpasiuipi.

pa-smi'-ka, v. a. Same as pasmi.

pa-smiQ'-yai), v. See pasmiijyagyai).

pa-sinir)'-yar)-yar), v. a. to rub or scrape off,
make smooth or clean, — wapasmipyaqyai).

pa-sna', v. a. to make rustle ; to shake down and
make rustle, as leaves, — wapasna.

pa-sni', V. a. to extinguish, as a fire-brand, by
pushing it into the ashes, — wapasni.

pa-snoi)', V. a. to roast, as meat, on a spit or
stick, — wapasnoi), uijpasnoijpi.

pa-snuT)', V. a. See pasnoq.

pa-spa'-ya, v. a. to make wet, to sponge, — wa-
paspaya, u^jpaspayapi. This word is also used
with the vulgar meaning of tawiijtoq.

pa-stap', V. a. to soak and take the hair off, as
from a hide, — wapastaq.

pa-stai)'-ka, v. a. to moisten ; in a vulgar sense,
tawiijtoij. See paspaya.

pa-stai)'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to take off the hair,
as in dressing a skin, — pastaqwakiya.

pa-sto', V. a. to smooth, brush down, as hair, —
wapasto, uqpastopi.

pa-sto'-sto, V. red. of pasto ; to brush down :
pastosto iyaya, to go dragging along and brushing
down, as a wounded animal brushes down the

pa-sto'-ya, v. a. to cause to brush down, — pasto-
waya.

pa-sto'-ya, adv. brushing doxvn.

pa-su', n. the nose or snout of animals, some-
times also of man ; the beak or bill of birds.

pa-su'-mda-ska, n. a broad-billed duck.

pa-su'-sko-pa, n. {crooked-bill) the prairie cur-
lew, a bird with a very long bill, which in one
species is crooked, and hence the name.

pa-su '-ta, V. a. to make stiff and hard by knead-
ing, as dough, — wapasuta.

pa-sa', V. a. to make red by rubbing, — wapa^a.

pa-s'a'-ka, v. a. to push or strike with too little
force to penetrate, — wapa^'aka.

pa-sbo'-ka, v. n. to come up, overflow.

pa-sbu', V. n. to come up or out.

pa'-sda, adj. bald-headed.

pa-sda', V. a. to make bare, rub off, as hair, — wa-

pasda.
pa-sda'-ya, v. a. to hull, as corn in making hom-

mony, to make hommony, — wapaMaya, uqpaida-

yapi.
pa-sda'-ya-pi, n. com hulled by boiling in ashes,

hommony.
pa-sdo'-ka, v. a. to push or shove off, as one's

coat sleeve, — wapa^doka.
pa-si'-ca, v. a. to spoil with the hands or by rub-
bing, soil, injure, — wapa^ida.
pa-si'-ea-ho-"wa-ya, v. a. to make cry out by

striking with the hand, — wapasicahowaya.
pa-sim', cont. of pa^ipa ; pa^im iyeya.
pa-sim'-sim, red. of pasim.
pa-sim'-si-pa, v. red. of pasipa.
pa-sir)', n. a bunch on a tree.
pa-si '-pa, v. a. to break off with the hand, as the

branches of a tree, close to the body, or as pins,

etc., — wapa^ipa.
pa-ski'-ca, v. a. to press out with the hand, — wa-

paskida.
pa-ski'-ska, v. a. to disarrange by rubbing, —

wapaskiska.
pa-ski'-ta, v. a. to press, squeeze out by pressing,

— wapaskita.
pa-spa', V. a. to break off a piece, cut off a piece ;

to take out the dirt, as in washing ; to wash out, as

a stain, — wapa^pa, uijpa^papi : paspe ^ni and pa-

4papi sni, indelible, as a stain.
pa-spa'-spa, v. red. of paspa.
pa-spe'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to break off ; to

cause to come out, as a stain, — pa^pewakiya.
pa-spe'-ya, v. a. to cause to come out, as a stain,

etc., — pa^pewaya.
pa-spu', V. a. to break off, as a bulb or excrescence,

break off, as something bulbous, — wapaspu.
pa-spu'-spu, V. a. red. of pa^pu ; to break or cut

in pieces, as a cake of tallow, — wapa^pu^pu.
pa-sus', cont. of pa^uia ; pa^u^ iyeya.
pa-su'-su-za, v. red. of pa^uia ; to mash up,

break in pieces, as bones, — wapa^u^uza.
pa-su'-za, V. a. to crush with the hand, — wapa-.

^uia.
pa-ta', V. a. to cut out and sew up, as in making

a tent, — wapata.
pa'-ta, V. a. to cut up or carve, as meat ; to cut in

pieces, as an animal, — wapata, uijpatapi.
pa'-ta, n. a grove of timber ; i. q. ta^koiu.
pa-ta', adv. together, crowded : pata iheya, they

crowd together.
pa-tai)', v. a. to esteem highly ; to take care of;

to be unwilling to part with, — wapataq.
pa-t'ai)', V. a. to push against with the hand,

— wapat'ai).

PAT

179

PAZ

pa-t'arj'-hai), part, pushing against.
pa-taq'-ii), V. a. to rub and make appear, — wa-

pataijii).
pa-tar)'-ir)-sni, v. n. to rub off, to obliterate, —

wapatai)ii)sni.
pa'-tar)-ka, adj. large-headed.
pa-tar)'-ka, v. a. to push out, make larger by

pushing, — wapatai) ka.
pa-tai)'-yai3, adj. reserving, keeping.
pa-t'ar)'-yai), adv. pushing against.
pa'-ta-pi, n. a cutting up of meat, carving.
pa'-ta-'war)-zi-d.aQ, adv. directly, in one path,

with one purpose, unchangeable.
pa-te'-ea, v. a. to make new, rub up and make

new again, — wapateca.
pa-ti'-ca, V. a. to scrape off, as snow from the

ground, — wapatic'a.
pa-tin', cont. of patica ; patin iyeya.
pa-tir), adj. stiff, as a new ribbon, firm, not

springing or yielding ; stiffened with the cold, —

mapatiq.
pa-tir)'-ya, v. a. to cause to become stiff, — patiq-

waya.
pa-ti'-tar), v. a. to push against, push along, —

wapatitai).
pa-ti'-tar)-yar), adv. pushing against.
pa-tka'-sa-dar), n. a small species of tortoise.
pa-tku', v. a. to break off square, — wapatku.
pa-tku'-ga, V. a. to break in two by striking, —

wapatkuga.
pa-tkuh', cont. of patkuga ; patkub iyeya.
pa-tku'-tku-ga, v. red. of patkuga.
pa-tpa', V. a. Same as pakpa.
pa-tpi', V. a. to break out of the shell, as any

thing being hatched.
pa-tus', cont. of patuia; patu4 inaiig, to stand

bent forward.
pa-tus '-y a, v. a. to cause to bend forward or

stoop, to make bow down, — patu^waya.
pa-tu'-za, v. n. to bend over, lean forward, stoop

down, — wapatuia.
pa-ta', V. a. to press to death, kill by lying on, —

wapata.
pa-tir)s', cont. of patiqza ; patiijs iyeya.
pa-tir)s'-tii)-za, v. red. of patiijza.
pa-tir) '-za, v. a. to make stiff by kneading, as in

mixing up bread ; to press down tight, — wapa-

tii)za.
pa-vraq'-ka, v. a. to push down, — wapawapka.
pa-vrag'-kan, adv. pawaqkan icu, to shove up.
pa'-vre, v. to bleed at the nose.
pa-"we'-ga, v. a. to break with the hand, as a

stick, but not entirely oflP, — wapawega : to inter-
sect, as one road another. See ipawega.
pa-'Weh', cont. of pawega ; paweh iyeya.

pa-'weR'-'we-ga, v. red-, of pawega.
pa-Tweh'-ya, v. a. to cause to break, — pawelL-

waya.
pa-'wl', adv. many, as a great many maggots.
pa-"wi'-hnu-ni, v. a. to rub to pieces, to destroy, —

wapawihnuni.
pa-vri'-ka, adv. many : itu pawika.
pa-"wir)h'-ya, adv. turning out of a straight

direction.
pa-'wiijs', cont. of pawiqia ; pawii)^ iyeya.
pa-'wir)s'-'wir)-za, v. red. of pawiqia ; to bend

down, to make shake.
pa-"wir)'-ta, v. a. to rub, — wapawiijta.
pa-"wir)'-za, v. a. to bend or press down, as grass.
pa-"wi'-se, adv. many, as maggots. This word

seems to convey the idea of crawling over each

other, as a moving mass. See pawiwi and pa-

wiwise.
pa-Twi'-ta-ya, v. a. to assemble, collect, — wapa-

witaya.
pa-"wi'-"wl, adv. red. of pawi ; in crowds.
pa-'wi'-'wi-se, adv. shaking : pawiwise iyaya, to

shake, as the hair of a badger when walking.

The idea of motion seems to be implied.
pa-"wi'-ya-kpa, v. a. to rub and make shine, to

polish, — wapawiyakpa.
pa-vri'-ya-tpa, v. a. Same as pawiyakpa.
pa-ya'-ta, adv. in or at the head : payata o, to

shoot in the head.
pa-ye'-ga, v. a, to make shine by rubbing, — wa-

payega.
pa-yes', cont. of payeza.
pa-ye'-za, v. a. to rub, to scour, — wapayeza.
pa-za', V. a. to stick up bushes, as the Dakotas

do to sleep under when on a journey ; to make a

booth, — wapaza.
pa-za', n. the sacred name for wood.
pa'-za, adj. bitter, as gall.
pa-zax)', V. a. to part or separate, as in running

the fingers or a comb through the hair ; to spread

out or divide, as the hair, — wapazaq.
pa-zai)', V. a. to hurt at hill by striking, — wa-

pazaq.
pa-zar)'-yar), fl^w. spread out, as curtams; spread

over, as a booth : pazaqyaq iwagka, to sleep

under a booth.
pa'-ze-ea, adj. bitter.
pa'-ze-ze, v. n. to swing, nod.
pa'-ze-ze-dai), adv. swinging, nodding, letting

the head drop, as in sleep.
pa'-ze-ze-ya, adv. swinging.
pa'-ze-ze-ye-dar), adv. nodding, as in sleep.
pa'-zi, n. yellow-head.
pa-zi', v. a. to push into, as a stick into the sand

in hunting for tortoise eggs, — wapazi.

PAZ

180

PEY

pa-zi'-ea, v. a. to rub, roll out or stretch with the

hand, — wapazica.
pa-zig'-zi-ea, v. red. of pazica.
pa-zo', V. a. to show, present any thing to view, —

wapazo, uijpazopi.
pa-zo'-ki-ya, v. to cause to show, — pazowakiya.
pa-zun', cont. of pazuqta; pazunowatoi),/ wear

it only run up.
pa-zur)'-ta, v. a, to sew or run up at the sides

some distance from the edge, as leggins, — wapa-

zui)ta.
pa-za', or pazai), adv. through : paia capa, to

stab through.
pa-zar)', adv. See paia.
pa-zar)'-ya, adv. through and through.
pa-za'-ta, v. a. to make forked by punching, —

wapaiata.
pa-za'-za, v. a. to wash, as a gun, by pushing

and pulling, — wapaiaia.
pa-zim', cont. of paiipa ; paiim iyeya.
pa-zim'-zi-pa, v. red. of paiipa.
pa-zir)', V. to prevent. See ipaiiij, kipaiiq, wi-

paiii), and wapaiii).
pa-zi'-pa, V. a. to prick with a pin ; to pinch ; to

bite, as mosquitoes do, — wapaiipa.
pa-zo'-dai), n. a high knoll or hill, the top of a

hill.
pa-zo'-ya, adv. hill-like, swelled up.
pa-zui)', V. a. to push down and pry up, as a

root; to pull up, as ducks do grass roots in

water, — wapaiug.
pa-zu'-zu, V. a. to rub out, cross out, erase, — wa-

paiuiu.
pee-ya', v. a. to cut and dry meat of any kind, —

pdewaya. See wapdeya.
pe, the precatory plur. imperat. termination of

verbs, used commonly by women, as, ecog pe, do

ye do it.
pe, n. the top of the head.
pe, adj. sharp, as edged tools ; pointed.
pe-6us', cont. of peduza : wi pedus waqka, thei-e

are sun dogs.
pe-eus'-ya, adv. wi pedusya waijka ; said when

mock suns are observed.
pe-eu'-za, n. sun-dogs, mock-suns.
pe-ge', n. the side or height of a vessel.
pe-hai)', v. a. to fold up any thing, — wapehai) :

pehag ehnaka, to fold up and lay away.
pe-har)', n. the crane, of several species.
pe-har)'-gi-dar), n. the grey or sand-hill crane.
pe-hai)'-har), v. red. of pehaq ; to writhe or

move about, as one does with the stomach-ache, —

wapehaqhaq.
pe-hai)'-ka-dar), n. a small slender bird which

frequents the water. Same as siyukaq^a^a.

pe-har) '-sar), n. the large white crane.
pe-hni'-ga, v. n. to be red hot, heated to a teliie

heat.
pe-hni'-ga, n. that which is heated to a red heal.
pe-finih', cont. of peliniga.
pe-hni'-hni-ga, v. red. of pehniga.
pe-hnih'-ya, v. a. to heat red hot, — pehnihw aya.
pe-ksu', n. a kind of acorn.
pe-ksu'-dax), n. a species of acorn ; a kind cf

grass toith a red flower.
pe-mni', adj. warped, twisted, crooked.
pe-mni', v. n. to warp, twist ; to become crooked,

become entangled.
pe-nmi'-mni, v. red. of pemni.
pe-mnl'-yar), adv. crookedly, perversely, twisting.
pe-mnu'-mnu-ga, n. the pit of the stomach.

See also pimnumnuga.
pe-na'-kpa-kpa, v. n. to crackle, as a fire.
pe-na'-tpa-tpa, v. n. to crackle, emit sparks, as

fire. This and the preceding word may perhaps

be used as nouns, meaning small sparks.
pe-pe', adj. red. of pe ; prickly, jagged.
pe-pe'-ya, adv. prickly, sharp, or rough, as a

frozen road : pepeya hiyeya.
pe-sde'-te, n. the top of the head.
pe-sde'-te-o-'wlr)-ge, n. the curl of hair on the

top of the head.
pe'-sto, adj. sharp-pointed.
pe'-sto-dai), adj. sharp-pointed,
pe'-sto-ya, adv. in a sharp-pointed manner.
pe-ska', n. the air-bladder of a fish. This is

sometimes used for making glue, hence the name

coqpe^ka.
pe-sni'-za, «. sparks of fire.
pet, cont. of peta, as in peti^kaq, etc.
pe'-ta, n. fire.
pe-ta'-ga, n. burning coals.
pe-ta'-ga-i-ce-or)-pa, v. to broil on the coals, —

petaga icewaogpa.
pe-tan', adv. on the fire : petan e^peya, to throw

on or in the fire.
pe-tan'-na, adv. in the fire.
pet-i'-skai), v. n. to draw near the fire, warm

oneself, — petima^kai) .
pet'-i-zai)-zai), and petaizaqzai), n. a torch,

candle, lamp.
pet-i'-zar)-zai)-l-hu-pa, n. a candlestick, lamp.
pet-i'-zar)-zar)-i-yu.-kse, n. candle-snuffers.
pet-ka'-hda, adv. near the fire, by the fire.
pet-ki'-ye-dai), adv. near the fire.
pe-tu'-spe, n. a fire-brand.
pe-tu'-ste, n. a fire-brand.
pe-yo'-hai), n. a line running over the middle of

the head from the forehead, the parting of the

hair.

PEY

181

POG

pe-yo'-zar), n. the place which is left on the

head by separating the hair.
pe-zi', n. grass, herbs, hay.
pe-zi-hu'-ta, n. grass-roots, herbs ; medicines of

all kinds.
pe-zi-hu'-ta-i-ya-tke, n. something to drink

medicine out of ; tea-cups,
pe-zi-hu'-ta-i-yo-ka-stai), n. something to

pour medicine into ; a coffee-pot, tea-pot ; a sy-
ringe.
pe-zi-hu'-ta-sa-pa, n. black medicine, i. e. cof-
fee.
pe-zi-hu'-ta-si-ea, n. had medicine, i. e. poison.
pe-zi-hu'-ta-'wi-ca-sta, n. a medicine man ; a

physician.
pe-zi-hu'-ta-zi, n. yellow medicine ; rhubarb.
Pe-zi-hu'-ta-zi-ka-pi--wa-kpa, «. the Yellow

Medicine river, which joins the Minnesota from

the Coteau des Prairies, about thirty miles below

Mdeiyedai).
pe-zi'-Ro-ta, n. a kind of grass or herb of a

whitish or greyish appearance, which grows abun-
dantly on the prairies. In our translations this

word is used for hyssop.
pe-zi'-i-ea-sda, n. (pezi and ka^da) a scythe.
pe-zi '-ka-sda, v. to cut hay or grass, to mow, —

peiiwaka^da.
pi, the common plural termination of verbs, nouns,

pronouns, adjectives, and sometimes adverbs and

prepositions.
pi, adj. good. This word is probably obsolete, but

words formed from it are in use, as yupi, etc.
pi, n. the Zwer,---mapi, wicapi : tapi, the liver of

animals.
pi'-ea, an auxiliary verb with the force of can.

It conveys the idea of power or possibility, as,

ecoijpica, that can be done.
pi-ca'-ka, an auxiliary verb, sometimes with the

force of pica, and sometimes with that of pica

^ni. The ' ka ' may in some cases be interrogative.
pi-ca'-ka, adj. a little good, i. q. kitaijna wa^te.
pi-6a'-sni, v. it cannot he, it is impossible.
pi-da', V. n. to be glad, thankful ; to rejoice, —

piwada, piupdapi.
pi-da'-da, v. red. of pida.
pi-da'-ki-ya, v. a. to make glad, make thankful,

— pidawakiya, pidauijkiyapi : pidamakiya, he has

made me glad, I am thankful.
pi-da'-ya, v. a. to make glad,~pidawayti, pida-

ui)yai)pi.
pi-da'-ya, adv. gladly.
pi-i'-ci-ya, v. reflex, of piya ; to prepare oneself,

get ready, — pimi(Jiya, piui)ki^iyapi.
pi-ki'-<ii-da, v. to give thanks to, be glad fm,

— piwe(^ida.

pi-kl'-da, V. n. to he thankful, glad, — piwakida.
pi-ki'-ya, v. a. to conjure, to powwoiv over the

sick, as the Dakotas do ; to mend or make new

one's own, — piwakiya, piu;)kiyapi, pimakiya.
pi-ki'-ya-pi, part, conjured, conjuring ; mended.
pi-ksu'-dar), n. a kind of acorn. See peksudaq.
pi-mnu'-mnu-ge, n. the pit of the stomach.
pil)S-pir)'-za, n. an animal about the size of a

mink, which is found near the Missouri, and is

said by the Dakotas to plant its own field.
pii)S-pii)'-za, V. red. of pii)za ; to squeal, as a

ground squirrel when caught.
pir)S-pir)'-ze-dar), adj. thin, scattering, as hair

or grass.
pir)'-za, V. n. to creak, as a shoe.
pir)'-ze-dar), n. an animal about the size of a

large ground squirrel, which is said to live on the

prairie to the north-west, and to plant its own

field.
pir)'-za, adj. destitute of hair, i. q. smi.
pi-pi '-y a, adv. red. of piya; well, anew, tho-
roughly.
pi-ska'-te, n. a small species of cranberry. S.

W. P.
pi'-sko, n. the night-hawk.
pi'-sko-ta-har)-pe, n. the ladies-slipper, a flower;

mushrooms, fungus, i. q. wic'aqhpi hii)hpaya.
pi-sni'-ze, n. the spleen. See tapi^niie.
pis-pi'-za, adj. red. of piia ; wrinkled, — mapii-

piia.
pis-pi'-ze-dai), adj. lorinkled or shrivelled, as

one's hands from being long in water, withered,

— mapi^piiedai) .
pi-ya', V. a. to make anew, mend up, repair, —

piwaya, piuqyaijpi.
pi'-ya, adv. well, anew : piya hduha, to have

again, recover one's own ; piya kaga, to mend,

make anew.
pi'-ya-e-har)-ke-ea, adv. taller, longer than.
pi'-ya-e-har)-na-ke-eir)-har), adv. presently ;

i. q. ehakedaijke ciijhai), soon, again.
pi-ya'-ya, v. n. to run well, as a canoe or hutina-

cute.
pi-ye', V. See piya.
pi-ye'-des, adv. notwithstanding ; heedlessly ;

i. q. iyowioyesni. Said of one who does not listen

to what is said to him.
pi-ye'-pi-ea, adj. reparable : piyepic'a &n\, that

cannot l>e repaired.
pi-zi', n. the gall, — mapizi. See tapizi.
pi'-za, adj. wrinkled, — mapiia.
po, the plural termination of verbs in the impera-
tive mood.
po, V. n. to swell, puff out, — mapo, wicapo.
po-gan', adv. on the nose.

POG

182

PSI

po'-gar), V. n. to spread out, as a bladder when

blown.
po-ga'-ske, n. the external part of the nose, the

sides of the nostrils.
po'-ge, n. the nose, — mapoge, nipoge.
po'-ge-o-lido-ka, n. the nostrils.
po'-ha-ha-se, adv. shaking. Said of a buffalo

shaking his head ; pohahase iqyaqka, he runs

shaking his head.
po'-hdi-eo-dar), adv. (pa and ohde) head covered ;

i. q. posmic'odai) : sina pohdicodar) hiqmi, I wear

my blanket over my head.
po'-hmi-oo-dar), adv. Same as pohdicodai).
poli-a'-ske, n. (poge and aske) the outside of the

nostrils.
poR-caQ'-te, n. the cartilage between the nostrils.
poh-yu'-ski, n. the inside of the nose, the nos-
trils.
po-ki'-nina-nina, v. a. to shake the head at one,

— powakimnamna.
po-kpar)'-ka, n. See potpaqka.
pom, cont. of popa ; pom iyaya and pom hiijhda,

to burst out, snap suddenly.
po'-mna-mna, v. to shake the head, — powamna-

mna,
po'-mna-mna-ki-ya, v. a. to shake or wag the

head at ; to cause to wag the head, — pomnamna-

wakiya.
pom-ya', adv. snapping, popping.
pom-yeR', adv. with a snap : pomyeli iheya, to

shoot and kill immediately : pomyeli iyeya.
pom-ye'-Mi), adv. snapping.
pon, cont. of pota.
por)-poi)', adj. rotten, as wood.
por)-por)'-na, adj. rotten, soft, as rotten wood.
po'-pa, V. n. to burst. See napopa.
po-po', V. n. red. of po ; to swell, puff out.
po-po'-pa, adj. full of pith : tipsiijna popopa, a

stringy turnip.
po-po'-pe-se, adv. Said of nap on a blanket and

of fine fur on a robe.
po-po'-tka-dar), n. the screech-owl.
po'-ptar)-ptar), v. n. to shake the head, signify

dissent, — po waptai) ptaij .
po'-ptar)-ptar)-ki-ya, v. a. to shake the head at,

— poptaijptaijwakiya. See apoptaijptaij.
po'-ski-ea, v. to clasp around the neck. See

po^kin.
po'-skln, cont. of poskica ; by the neck.
po'-skin-i-ya-ka-ska, v. a. to tie round the

neck, as a halter.
po'-skin-kte, v. to kill by choking, — poskin-

wakte.
po'-skin-ta, v. to die by being strangled.
po'-skin-yu-ta, v. to put to death by hanging.

po'-skin-yu-za, f. to take by the throat ; to put

the arms around the neck of one, to embrace, —

poskinmduza.
po-sdi'-sdi, V. to have one's face always covered :

posdisdi waui).
po-sdi'-sdi-ka, n. one who keeps his face covered

with his blanket.
po'-sil), V. n. to sniff, snuff up the nose, — po-

wasii).
po'-sir)-sir), v. red. of po^iq.
po'-sml-co-dai), adv. head covered, as with a

blanket : ^ina posmicodai) liiijmi, / wear my

blanket over my head.
po'-star), n. a hood, a child's cloak with a hood.
po'-ta, adj. worn out. See yupota.
po-ta'-hai), part, worn out, full of holes.
po-ta'-'wa-hag, part, full of holes.
po-tkar)'-ka, n. cranberries. Same as potpaqka.
po-tpar)'-ka, n. cranberries, the Oxycoccus ma-

crocarpus.
po-tpar)'-ka-hu, n. the cranberry-stalk.
po-tpo'-ta, red. of pota ; worn out.
po-tpo'-ta-har), part. red. of potahaq ; full of

holes, torn, ragged, as a worn out garment
po-Awa'-ya, n. nap, fur.
po-'wa'-ya, adj. having nap.
po-"wa'-ye-dar), adj. having nap ; ia, powayedaq,

red flannel.
po'-zar)-zar), v. to snuff up, as an animal snuffs

the wind ; to snuff or scent, as a dog does.
psa, n. a kind of rush or water grass, sometimes

used in making mats : Psa-mde-waqke-ciq-wa-

kpa, the little stream that empties into the Min-
nesota just below Little Rock.
psa'-ka, adj. broken. See yupsaka.
psa-ka'-hai), part, broken, as a string ; said also

of the heart.
psa-ka'-vra-har), part, broken, as a string.
psa'-o-"wlr)-za, n. rush mats.
psa-psa'-ka-hai), ^r<. red. of psakahaq.
psa-psa'-ka-'wa-ha^, part. red. of psakawahaq.
psa'-"wa-pa-ha, n. palm or chip hats.
pse, n. snow-shoes.
pse'-Mii), n. the ash.
pse-pa'-tor)-na, n. sharp-toed snow-shoes.
pse-ya'-pi, n. the water-ash, so called because

used for making snow-shoes.
psi'-6a, adj. jumping. See yupsida.
psin, cont. of psica : psin iyaya, to jump or hop

away.
psii), n. rice, wild rice : psiq ati, to pitch a tent

at the rice ; psiq ska, white rice, barley.
psir)-ca', n. a bulbous esculent root which grows

in marshes, about the size of a black walnut with

the hull on.

PSI

183

PUS

psirj-ciri'-ca, 71. a bulbous esculent root much

used by the Dakotas of the lower Minnesota.

It is about as large as a hen's egg, and grows on

the margin of rivers and lakes.
psir)-ska', n. white rice ; barley.
psi-psi'-ea, v. red. of psic'a ; to jump much,

to skip.
psi-psi'-ea-dar), n. the grasshopper.
psi-psin', cont. of psipsica ; psipsin ya, to go

jumping or skipping along.
pso'-har), v. (pse and ohai)) to put on or wear

snow-shoes, — psowahaij, psouijharipi.
pso-ka', n. a species of fish somewhat resembling

the pike.
pso'-ksar), n. a kind of round-toed snow-shoes.
psor)-psOQ', adj. rounded off, having the corners

taken off.
psoi)-psoi)'-na, adj. rounded, having the comers

taken off; said also of teeth on edge, as, hi psoi)-

psoijna.
psur)-psur)'-na, adj. Same as psoripsoijna.
psa, V. n. to sneeze, — wap^a, uijp^api.
psa-psa', adv. p^ap^a se, huddled together ; p^a-

psa se iyaya, to make a noise, as when any thing

is poured into a vessel. See ap^ap^a.
psa-ya', v. a. to cause to sneeze, — p^awaya.
psil), n. leeks, onions.
psir)-ea', n. the flying-squirrel.
psur), adj. shed, fallen off, as horns ; drawn out.

See yup^ui), kapdui).
psur)-har)', part, fallen off, dislocated.
psuij-ka', adj. round, short and thick.
psur)-ka', n. a bulge, a knot on a tree ; a pill.
psur)-ka'-dai), n. any little round thing.
psuij-ka'-ka, n. little round things, pills.
psur)-ka'-ya, adv. in a bunch, in a heap, as an

animal curled up ; p^ugkaya waijka.
psur)-ka'-ya-ken, adv. in a bunch, drawn up

togetlier.
psur)-"wa'-har), part, dropped out, fallen off.
pta. See yupta.
pta-hax)', jxirt. cut off, cut out.
ptar). See yuptaij.
ptai), n. the otter. In the sacred dialect it is

called ' hepaq.'
ptar)-ptar)', adj. unsteady, rocking, as a canoe.
ptar)-ptar)'-na, adj. unsteady, tottering.
Ptai)-sir)'-ta, n. the name of the village at the

upper end of Lake Traverse.
ptar) '-y 31), adv. flurried. See caijteptaijyafl.
ptai)-ye'-tu, n. autumn. To summer and win-
ter the Dakotas count five months each, and to

spring and autumn but one each.
pta-"wa'-ha]3, part, cut off, fallen off. Same as

ptahaq.

pta'-ya, adv. together, collectively : ptaya uijyai)-

pi kta, we will go together.
pte, n. a cow, the female buffalo. The bison or

buffalo is colloquially termed 'pte,' irrespective

of sex. The counterpart is ' tataijka.' c?

pte'-a-sar)-pi, n. cowh-milk.
pte'-a-sar)-pl-i-hdi, «. butter. et

pte'-a-sar|-pi-ni-ni, n. thick milk, curdled milk.
pte'-a-sar)-pi-ta-sa-ka, n. cheese.
pte'-ce-dar), adj. short, — maptec'edai).
pte'-ee-ye-dai), adv. for a short time.
pte'-ga, n. a marsh, a low place, a swampy place.
pte-gar)'-ni-ea-dar), n. the wren.
pte-go'-pe-ea, n. a kind of hawk, so called be-
cause it frequents marshes.
pteh-'wi'-ta, n. firm land surrounded by a

marsh, a swamp-island.
pten-ye'-dar), adv. for a short time.
pte-pte'-ee-daQ, adj. red. of ptecedai).
pte'-ta-ma-ka, n. a lean cow.
pte'-ta-vro-te, n. a prairie plant which bears

juicy berries.
pte-'wa'-nuQ-yari-pi, n. tame cattle. See nuij-

yai), to tame.
pte-zi'-ea-dar), n. (pte and c'iijdadai)) a calf.
ptir)'-haQ, n. last autumn : ptirjhai) icima, the

fall before last.
ptu-lia', V. n. to crumble down.
ptu-ha'-ha, V. red. of ptuha.
ptu-ptu'-za, red. of ptuza.
ptu-ptu'-za-har), part. red. of ptuiahaij.
ptu-ptu'-za-vra-hai), part. red. of ptuiawahaq.
ptu'-za, adj. split, cracked. See yuptuia.
ptu-za'-hax), part, cracked of itself.
ptu-za'-Ava-hai), part, cracked of itself.
pu-kpa', adj. boiled up, not clear, mixed up, said

of water or soup which contains floating particles.
pu-sa', adj. dry : pusa ehnaka, to lay aside to

dry or season. „

pu-skem', cont. of puskepa : puskem oka^taij, to

strain or filter, — puskem pwakastaij.
pu-ske'-pa, v. a. to strain ot filter, — wapuskepa.
pus-ki'-ya, v. a. to dry or cause to dry, as wet

clothes or fruit, — puswakiya, pusuqkiyapi : puski-

ciciya, to dry for one, — pusweciciya.
pu-spa', v. a. to stick on, glue ; to seal, — wapuspa.
pu-spe'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to glue or seal, —

puspewakiya.
pu-spe'-ya, v. a. to cause to seal or glue.
pus-pu'-za, adj. red. of puza.
pu-stag', cont. of pustaka; pustag iwaqka, to

squat down ; pustag ehpei^iya, to get down so as

to hide, bow down, squat down.
pu-stag'-tu-ken, adv. squatting down.
pu-sta'-ka, v. n. to squat down, — wapustaka.

PUS

184

SAIJ

pus-ya', V. a. to dry, cause to dry, — puswaya,

pusui)yai)pi.
pus-ya', adv. in a drying manner.
pu-ski', adv. in a bunch, i. q. p8Ui)kaya yaijka.
pu-ski'-ea, v. a. to press or ruh out with the

hand, — wapuskica.
pu-ski'-dar), adv. dim. of pu^ki.
pu-skin', cont. of pu^kica ; puskin yaijka.
pu-skin'-ya, adv. pressed, squeezed.
pu-tag', cor).t. of putaka ; putag ihpaya, to fall

down with the hands on the ground.
pu-ta'-ka, V. a. to touch, as with the hand when

one falls, — waputaka.
pu-te', n. the upper lip ; the snout or nose of an

animal.
Pu'-te-"wa-ta, n. p. the Fotowatomies.
Pu'-te--wa-ta-dai), n. Same as Putewata.
pu-tir)', n. See putiijhai).
pu-tir)'-hir), n. the beard, especially what grows

on the upper lip, the mustache.
pu-tpa', adj. Same as pukpa.
pu-tpe'-ya, adv. scattering, scattered over.
pu'-za, adj. dry, thirsty ; dry, as cloth, ground,

etc., not wet ; shallow, as a stream, run dry.

See puzedai) and ipuza.
pu-zan', cont. of puzata ; puzan iyaya : puzan

iyayeya, to run one ashore ; to show that one has

told a falsehood.
pu-zem'-zan, red. of puzan ; puzanzan iyekic'ici-

yapi, and puzanzan iyayekiciyapi, they run each

other aground.
pu-za'-ta, adv. on dry land.
pu'-ze-dai), adj. shallow, as a stream of water.

P.

p, the twentieth letter of the Dakota alphabet. It

has a click sound like that of ^, \, and t-
pe, n. the elm ; pe cag, elm-wood ; pe ikdeka, the

common water-elm ; pe itazipa [bow-elm) the

rock-elm ; pe tutupa, slippery-elm.
pe-i'-kce-ka, n. the common elm.
pe-tu'-tu-pa, n. the slippery-elm.
po, n. fog, mist.
po, adj. foggy, misty.
po'-po', adj. red. of po ; foggy.
po-sa', adj. foggy, not clear ; said when the air

is filled with particles of snow.
po'-ze-ca, V. n. to be out of humor, — mapozec'a.

s.

S, the twenty-first letter of the Dakota alphabet,
having the soft sound of the English c. When
marked thus (s'), the sound is prolonged.

s'a, an auxiliary suffix to verbs, signifying frequency

of action, or a habit formed, as, wai s'a, wakage

s'a. It frequently gives verbs the force of nouns

of the agent ; as, wamaijoi), to steal ; wamaqoi)

s'a, a thief.
s'a, V. n. to roar, as the waves : s'a wai)ka.
Sag-da'-sii), n. the English, the name which the

Dakotas give to the British, the inhabitants of

Red River, etc. This word is probably from some

other Indian language.
sag-ye', n. something used in walking, a staff :

cai) sagye, a cane ; maza sagye, a sword.
sag-ye'-kl-tor), v. to use a staff in walking, as

an old person, — sagyewetoq.
sag-ye'-toi), v. to use a staff, — sagyewatoi).
sag-ye'-ya, v. a. to use any thing for a staff, —

sagyewaya.
sak, cont. of saka ; sakowasii) yutapi, eaten raw.
sa'-ka, adj. raw, uncooked ; hard, dried ; as,

waconi saka, dried meat.
sa'-ka-dai), adj. green, limber. Hence, daq

sakadai), a switch.
sa'-ka-yu-ta-pi, n. what is eaten raw, i. e. me-

lons, cucumbers.
sa-klm', adv. both, two, both together.
sa-Mm'-tu, adv. two together.
sa-kim'-tu-ken, adv. both together.
sak'-o-"wa-sir), adv. entirely raw.
sam, adv. cont. of saqpa ; more, beyond, more

than : sam iyaya, to go beyond, surpass ; sam

iyeya, to make go over or beyond.
sam'-i-ye-ya, adv. more than.
sam-sam', adv. red. of sam.
sam-saij'-pa, adv. red. of saijpa.
sam-ya', v. a. of sapa ; to blacken, color black, —

samwaya, samuijyaijpi.
sam-ya', adv. beyond, further ; black, dark :

samya wai)ka, it lies darkly.
sam-ya'-hai), adv. dark, blackish, as water at a

distance.
sam-y a'-ken, adj. blackish ; in sight, far off.
sai), adj. whitish or yellowish : maka sai), white

earth : hi sai), to show the teeth.
sar)-ksar)'-kl-toi), v. n. to wear or put on a

skirt, — saijksai) wetoi) .
sai)-ksai)'-nl-ca, n. a Dakota woman's skirt.
sar)-ksai)'-ya, v. a. to use for a skirt, make a

skirt of, — sai)ksai)waya.
saq-ni', adj. of one side, on one side : nape sagni,

one hand ; si saqni, one foot.
sai)-ni'-ea, adv. on one side.
sar)-ni'-na, adv. of only one side.
sar)-nl'-na-tar)-har), adv. from only one side.
saq'-o-pa-pa, adj. grey hairs here and there in

one's head, turning grey.

SAlf

185

SIC

sar)'-pa, adv. more, more than, over; beyond:

wikcemna saijpa noijpa, two more than ten, i. e.

twelve ; kitaijna saqpa, a little more ; saijpa

■waite, better.
sar)'-pa-tar)-har), adv. from beyond.
sai)p'-saj)-pa, adv. red. of saijpa.
sar)-to'-hu, n. a species of grass with a hard

round stalk and strong blade.
sar)-yar)', v. a. to whiten, white-wash, — saqwaya.
sarj-yar)', adv. whitish : anpao saqyaij hinapa,

the dawn appears brightly.
sa'-pa, a/lj. black, — masapa, nisapa.
sap-sa'-pa, adj. red. of sapa.
sa'-ta, n. the horizontal stick placed in a tent on

which the kettle is hung.
sa-tir)', adj. stretched out straight, as in death.
sa-tir)'-tir), adj. red. of satiij.
aat-i'-ya-ka-ske, n. that which ties up the sata :

also sata oiyaka^ke.
slJa. See yusba.
sba-har)', part, ravelled.
sba-"wa'-har), part, ravelled out.
sbu. See kasbu.

sbu, adv. sbu se ihai), to fall down with a rush-
ing sound, as corn poured out.
sbu'-dar), n. a grain, a small piece, a particle.
sbu-har)', part, crumbling.
sbu-sbu', red. of sbu.
sbu-'Wa'-har), part, crumbling, crumbled.
sda, n. grease, oil, ointment, salve, etc.
sda-ki'-ya, v. a. pos. of sdaya ; to grease, anoint,

— sdawakiya, sdauqkiyapi.
sda'-O-zu-ha, n. an oil-bag.
sda'-ta, adj. slow, feeble : dhar) sdata, slow at

work ; oie sdata, slow of speech.
sda'-te-ca, adj. feeble, — masdateca.
sda-y a', v. a. to grease any thing, to anoint, — sda-

waya, sdauijyaijpi.
sda-ya'-O-zu-pi, n. a rife-gun, so called from

its greased wads.
sde'-ca. See kasdec'a.
sde-ea'-har), part, split of itself.
sde-ca'-'wa-har), part, split of itself
sdi, adj. tapering.
sdi, V. a. to hiss, as wet wood on the fire, a

snake, etc. See nasdi.
sdim, cont. of sdipa ; sdim iyeya.
sdim-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to lick, — sdimwakiya.
sdlm-ya', v. a. See sdimkiya.
sdi'-pa, V. a. to lick, lick up any thing, — wasdipa,

uqsdipapi.
sdi-sdi', V. red. of sdi.
sdi-sdi'-pa, v. red. of sdipa.
sdi-sdi'-ya, adv. red. of sdiya ; sdisdiya apa, to

strike with a switching sound.
24

sdi-tka', adj. tapering ; rounded off.
sdi-tka'-tka, adj. red. of sditka ; knobbed, having

knobs or grooves running round.
sdi-ya', adv. hissing.

sdo, adj. soft, as grease when partly melted. ^
sdo-ea', v. n. to know. See sdonya.
sdo-hai)', V. n. to crawl, — wasdohag, uqsdo-

hai)pi.
sdo-har)'-hai), v. red. of sdohag ; to crawl along,

as in getting near ducks : sdohaijhag ihpaya

mda, I go creeping along.
sdon-M'-ya, v. pos. of sdonya ; to know one's

own, — sdonwakiya, sdonui)kiyapi.
sdon-ki'-ye-ya, v. a. See sdotkiyeya.
sdon-ya', v. a. to know, have knowledge of any

thing or person, — sdonwaya, sdonyaya, sdonuq-

yai)pi, sdonmayai), sdonc'iya.
sdon-ye'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to know, — sdon-

yewakiya, sdonyeuijkiyapi.
sdon-ye'-ya, v. a. to cause to know, — sdonye-

waya.
sdo-sdo'-dai), adj. soft, as grease.
sdot-ki'-ya, v. See sdonkiya.
sdot-ki'-ye-ya, v. a. to cause one to know some-
thing that pertains to himself; to alarm, as an

enemy or game ; to put on one's guard, — sdotki-

yewaya.
sdot-ya', v. See sdonya.
se, a particle, used at the end of sentences to give

emphasis to what is said. Perhaps it should be

regarded as an impersonal verb, it appears so, it

seems to me so, I thought : hedetu se, so it seems.
se, adv. like, as though.

se'-ea, adv. as though, seemingly, I thought so.
se-ce'-ea, adv. it seems as, as if it was.
se'-ee-ei-koi), adv. I had thought so.
se'-e-ce-ea, adv. as if it was, it seems as if.
se'-ksen, adv. like.
sen-ya', adv. like, as though.
sen-ya'-ken, adv. as though, like.
se'-Tva-cai)-ini, v. I think it is so. This form

is used when speaking of something that is not

distinctly recollected.
se-'wi'-mna, adj. rancid, as fat that has stood

long.
se-ya', adv. like as.
se-ya'-ken, adv. like as.
si-cai)', n. the outside of the thigh.
si-car) '-o-pi-ye, n. of sidaij ; a side pocket, as in

one's pantaloons or coat ; any pocket.
si-ca'-psai), v. to shake the foot, — siwakapsafl.
si-eo'-eo-dai), adj. red. of sicoda;).
si-co'-dai), adj. bare-footed. See sidokadaq.
si-eo'-gai), n. the calf of the leg.
sl-eo'-glil, n. Same as sicogaij.

SIC

186

SKU

si-6o'-ka-dai), adj. bare-footed, — sicomakada^.
si-eo'-ka-ka-dai), adj. red. of sicokadag.
si-cu', n. the sole or bottom of any thing : sicu wa-
nica, without a bottom, bottomless, unfathomable.
si-eu'-ha, n. the sole of the foot.
si-6u'-psar)-psar), v. n. to wag the tail, as a

dog.
si-cu '-ta, adv. at the bottom or lower part of any

thing.
si-cu'-tor). See asic'utoi).

si-ha', n. the foot, feet of man ; the feet of ani-
mals, but especially the hind feet, the fore feet
being ' nape,' — misiha, nisiha, uijsihapi.
si-ta'-pe, n. the hollow of the foot.
si-i'-na-tai), n. stirrups ; pantaloon straps.
si-i'-pu-sil), n. the ball of the foot.
si-i'-ta-ka-ha, n. the top of the foot, the instep.
si-i-yu'-ta, n. afoot measure.
si-i'-yu-tax), n. stirrups.

sin-"wa'-pa-ki-ya, v. to paddle a canoe by one-
self, as in hunting muskrats, — sinwapawakiya.
sir)-kpe', n. the musJcrat, Mus zibethicus.
sir)-kpe'-i-ea-pe, n. a muskrat spear.
sir)-kpe'-i-6u-'wa, n. spears, traps, axes, etc. ;

any thing used in killing muskrats.
sixj-kpe'-ta-'wo-te, n. calamus, sweetflag, the

Acorus calamus.
siQ-sil)', adj. besmeared, slimed, as with fish ; dried

on, glued or glazed over.
sir)-te', n. the tail of an animal.
sirj-te'-hda, n. the tail-rattler, i. e. the rattle-
snake.
siij-te'-sa-pe-dap, n. a species of goat or ante-
lope having a black tail, which is found on the
Missouri.
sir)-te'-ska, ». white-tail; deer, rabbits, etc., are

sometimes so called.
sir)-te'-sda, n. the opossum ; rats.
siQ-to'-mni, adv. See sitomni.
sir)-tor)'-pa-hu, n. the tail bone.
sil)-tpe', n. the muskrat. Same as sipkpe.
sir)-tpe'-ta-"wo-te, n. Same as siokpetawote.
si-pa', n. the toes, tike end of the big toe.
Bi-pa'-hur)-ke, n. the great toe.
si-pa'-ksi-ze, n. the lower part of the leg of

animals.
si-pir)'-kpa, «. the toes; the joints of the foot.
si-pir)'-tpa, n. Same as sipiqkpa.
si-pu'-te, n. the breech or lower part of a gun-
stock, the end of the pahu ; the screw in the end
of the barrel, the breech-screw.
si-sai)'-ni, n. one foot, the foot on one side.
si-sil)', n. Mr. Renville considers this word syno-
nymous with wiwi, a swamp, and as the source
whence the Sisitoqwaqs derived their name.

Si-si'-torj-vrar), n. p. a band of the Dakotas
living at Swan Lake, Little Rock, at the Two
Woods on the Coteau, and at Lake Traverse.
They probably number about three thousand.

si-sa'-ste, n. the little toe of animals and man.

sl-to'-nmi, adv. all over, throughout.

si-to'-mni-yai), adv. all over.

si-tor) '-pa-hu, n. the tail bone. See sii)toi)pahu.

si-ye'-te, n. the heel.

si-yo'-zar), n. between the toes.

si-yu'-kar), ?;. the tendon of the heel.

si-yu'-kar)-sa-sa-dar), n. a bird having slender
reddish legs ; the pehaijkadai).

si-yu'-ka-za, n. the toes.

ska, adj. while ; clear, as, mini ska, clear water :
clean, new, as, hii) ska, new hair ; taku ska,
nothing.

skad, cont. of skadai) ; taku skad.

ska'-dax), adj. dim. of ska ; white : taku skadaq,
nothing : Skadap-ti, a common name for Tra-
verse des Sioux, Skadai) having been the Dakota
name of Mens. Proven§alle, an early trader in
that place.

skai), V. n. to dissolve, disappear, melt away, as
snow : wa skar).

skar)'-yar), v. n. to melt, thaw.

ska-ska', v. red. of ska.

ska-ska'-dar), n. white beads.

ska-ya', v. a. to whiten, make any thing white.

ska'-ya, adv. whiti ; wa skaya waqka, the snow
lies white.

skem, cont. of skepa.

skem-ya', v. a. to draw all out, as a fluid, to
exhaust, — skemwaya.

ske'-pa, V. n. to leak out slowly, escape, pass away
by evaporation, as fluids.

ske-ske'-pa, v. red. of skepa.

ski'-ea. See kaskica.

ski-ea'-hax), part, pircssed down, close.

ski-ea'--wa-hai), part, pressed.

ski-ska', n. the wood-duck.

ski-ski '-da, red. of skica.

Ski-ski'-ca-har), part, all pressed together.

ski-ski'-ea-"wa-har), part, pressed together.

ski-ski'-ta, red. of skita. See yuskiskita.

ski-ski'-ta, n. a strip of land pressed or hemmed
in, an isthmus.

ski'-ta, adj. tied, bound,fastened, as a child on a
board. See yuskita.

skii, adj. broken out a little. See basku.

Sku-mna', adj. sourish ; savory.

Sku-sku', red. of sku ; shaved off: pa skusku.

sku-sku'-ya, adj. red. of skuya.

sku'-ya, adj. sweet ; sour ; salt. The radical
idea may be that of having taste or savor.

SKU

187

SU^

sku'-ye-ya, v. a. to make salt, give taste to, —

skuyewaya, skuyeuiiyaqpi.
smag', cant, of smaka.
smag-smag'-ya, adv. red. of smagya.
smag-ya', adv. indented, concave : smagya

w:xi)ka.
smag-ya '-ken, adv. indented.
sma'-ka, adj. hollow, concave.
sma'-ka, n. a hollow, a sunken place. See osma-

ka.
snii, adj. See smismi.
smir). See basmiq.

smi-smi', adj. clear of limbs, as a tree, stripped.
smi-wa'-hai), part, fallen off bare.
smi'-yar). See smiyaijyai).
smi-yar)'-yar), or smigyagyai), adj. clean,

nothing extraneous sticking to, bare, smooth, as a

worn blanket : tai) smiyagyaqua, alone, having no

relatives.
sna, V. n. to ring. See kasna.
8na.-h.ax)' , part, ringing, rustling ; as leaves fall-
ing in autumn.
sna-har)'-hai), red. of snahai) ; falling off, rus-
tling.
sna-sna', red. of sna ; to ring, rattle.
sna-sna'-nsL, adj. bare, as a tree when its leaves

have all fallen off.
sna-sna'-"wa-har), part. red. of snawahag.
sna-'wa'-hai), part, ringing, rattling.
sni, adj. cold, as the weather, or as ice ; gone

out, as a fire : peta sni, the fire is out ; sni kaei,

although it is cold.
sni-sni', adj. red. of sni ; hai) snisni, cold nights.
sni'-ya-ho-ta, v. n. to take cold, draw in the

cold by breathing, — snimdahota, snidahota, sniui)-

yahotapi.
sni-yai)', v. sniyai) uya, to become cold, grow cold,

said of the weathbr changing to cold.
SO. See soso.
Sok-so'-ta, adj. red. of sota : idta soksota, clear

eyes. This word is used in reference to the clear

blue eyes of some children.
son, cont. of sota ; son iyeya.
son-ki'-ya, v. a. to use up or destroy for one, as

to burn up fence rails or wood for one, — sonwa-

kiya, sonmakiya.
son-ya', adv. of sota ; sonya iyaya, to becoTne a

little whitish or clouded.
SOI), v. a. to plait or braid, as hair ; to braid, as

corn in strings, — wasoq, uijsoppi.
SOI) '-pi, n. braids, strings of corn.
so-so', V. a. to cut into strings, as a hide, — waso-

so, uijsosopi : caijte raasosopi seca, it seems as if

my heart was cut into strings, i. e. / am greatly

abided.

so'-ta, adj. clear, but not perfectly so ; slightly

clouded, but not turbid ; of a milky whitish

appearance ; sky-colored : Wakpa minisota, the

Minnesota River ; Mde minisota, Clear Lake :

used up. See kasota, yusota, etc.
so-tka'-zi, adj. smoked, as an old tent.
spar), adj. soft, as melting snow.
spar), V. n. to become soft, melt, as snow : wa

spai).
spar)-yag', v. a. to cause to thaw, as snow, —

spaijwaya.
spa-spa'-ya, red. of spaya.
spa'-ya, v. n. to be wet, as clothes, wet with

water, moist, damp, — maspaya, uijspayapi : to sink

in loater, to drown : spaya iyaya.
spa'-ye-ya, v. a. to wet, cause to be wet or tnoist,

— spayewaya.
spe'-ya, v. a. to sink, make sink. See ajspeya.
stag, cont. of staka.

stag-ya', v. a. to make feeble, — stagwaya.
stag-ya', adv. feebly, languidly.
stag-ya'-ken, adv. feebly : stagyaken waui).
Sta'-ka, adj. feeble, languid, without appetite,

weary, not able to walk, — mastaka.
star), adj. moist, wet. See pastaq.
star), adj. purple, grape-colored : in stap, dark

red ; ha stag, dark complexioned.
star)'-ka, adj. purple. See stag.
star)-ka', adj. moist.
sto, adj. smooth, lying smooth, as hair. See

kasto.
sto'-dar), adj. small and neat, — mastodag.
Sto-sto', adj. red. of sto ; smooth, lying flat.
sto-ya', V. a. to make smooth, smooth down, —

stowaya.
sto-ya', adv. smoothly.
sto-ya'-ken, adv. smoothly.
stu-sta', adj. tired, weary, unable to move, — ma-

stusta.
stu-ste'-ya, v. a. to cause fatigue, to weary, —

stustewaya.
SU, n. the seed of any thing, grain ; bullets :

su waijiidai), a bullet ; mazasu, lead.
SU, adj. good. Probably obsolete. See yasu and

suya.
su-el'-kei-ka-dai), n. shot.
su-ei'-kci-ka-dag-se-ea, n, pepper, allspice.
SU-ka'-za, n. a grain of any thing, a particle,

one, the smallest part. Hence, napsukaza, the

fingers.
su-ksu'-ta, adj. red. of suta.
su-ma'-nl-ea, n. any kind of wood that hat be-
come dead and very hard.
BUT), n. cont. of sugka ; misuq, my younger

brother, used in addressing him.

SUIf

188

8D0

sur), V. to braid. See soi).

SUl)'-ka, n. a younger brother either of a man or

woman. Certain cousins are likewise so called, —

misuijka, nisuijka.
SUr)-ka'-ki-ci-ya-pi, n. brethren, those related

as brothers, — su^kauqkiciyapi.
sur)-ka'-ku, n. his or her younger brother.
sug-ka'-ya, v. a. to have for younger brother, —

suijkawaya, suijkauijyaijpi.
SXlTj'-ta, n. a stem : caijduhupa surita, a pipe-
stem ; cajQkasuijta, the spinal marrow.
SU-sbe'-ea, n. the ant-eater, the mosquito-haiok.
su-sbe'-ea-ka-ga-pi, n. a cross. See caqsu-

sbec'a.
su-su', n. the testicles : susu e&peya and susu

basdoka, to castrate.
su-ta', adj. hard, not yielding to the touch ; strong,

capable of endurance, — masuta, nisuta, uijsutapi :

cai)te suta, courageous.
su-ta'-ya, adv. firmly, hard.
su-ta'-ya-ken, adv. firmly.
SU-toi)', V. n. to ripen, have seed ; to be ripe, fit

for use, as corn, etc.
su-ya', adv. rightly, well.

s.

S, the twenty-second letter of the Dakota alphabet,

with the sound of sh in English. When marked

thus (4') its sound is prolonged.
sa, adj. red.

s'a, V. n. to shout, — wai'a, yas'a, uiji'api.
sag-i'-ci-ya, v. reflex, to restrain oneself, — i&g-

mi(Jiya.
s'ag-s'a'-ka, n. com boiled without hulling.
sag-ya', v. See dagi(Jiya.
sa-hdo'-gai), num. adj. eight.
sa-h.do'gai)-na, adv. only eight.
sa-hdo'-hdo-gar), adv. by eights.
s'a'-hii)-h.da, v. to burst out with a shout.
sa'-i-a, V. n. to speak a strange language, — i&i-

waa.
sa'-i-a-pi, n. a foreign or unknown language.
sa'-ka, adj. easy. See bosaka, kanaka, waiaka-

daq.
s'a'-ka, adj. strong. See wa^'aka, yus'aka.
s'a'-ka, adj. difficult, hard. See i'akec'a.
sa-ke', n. the nails of the fingers and toes ; the

claws of birds and beasts ; the hoofs of animals.
s'a'-ke-ca, adj. hard to deal with, severe, austere,

— ma^'akeca, uqs'akapika.
sa-ke'-hai)-ska, n. long-claws, a name given to

the grizzly bear.
sa-ki'-ya, v. a. to paint red, to redden, as the Da-

kotas do scalps, — sawakiya, sauqkiyapi.

sa-ko'-Twii), num. adj. seven.

sa-ko'-'wir)-na, adv. only seven.

sa-ko'-'wir)--wii), adv. by sevens.

sa'-kpe, num. adj. six.

Sa'-kpe-dar), dim. of sakpe ; Little Six, the
name of a Dakota chief at Tiijtatoijwe.

sa'-kpe-kpe, adv. by sixes.

s'ak-s'a'-ka, n. of s'aka, ha7-d ; com boiled with-
out being hulled. See ^'ags'aka.

sam-ya', v. a. of sapa ; to soil, to defile, — ^am-
waya.

sam-ya', adv. dirtily.

sar), n. the vagina.

sar)-ke', n. a step-mother ; a mother's sister ; a
father's other wife. Not in general use.

sar)-ke'-ya, v. a. to have for ^a^ke, — ^ai)kewaya.

sa'-pa, adj. dirty, defiled, blackened, — ma4apa :
nape nisapa, thy hands are dirty.

sap-sa'-pa, adj. red. of sapa.

sa-sa', adj. red. of ^a ; red.

ks.-B2L-YB., v. a. to dye or paint red, — saiawaya.

sa-sa'-ya, adv. redly.

sa-ste', n. the little finger : si^a^te, the little toe ;
the little toe or rmil of birds and beasts.

sa-ste'-i-yo-ki-he, n. that which is next to the
little finger, the third finger.

sa-ya', v. a. to make red, to paint red, — ^awaya.

sa-ya', adv. redly.

sa-ye'-dai), adv. reddish : ^ayedaq naiiq.

sbe, adj. deep, as water ; dense, as foliage ; thick
set, as hair. See ^ma.

sbe'-ya, adv. deeply, densely.

sbe-ya'-ta, adv. in the deep.

sbu, V. n. to drop, as water or any other liquid.

sbu-sbu', V. red. of ^bu.

sbu-ya', v. a. to drop or cause to drop, as water,
— ^buwaya, ^buui)yai)pi.

sbu-ya'-pi, n. a drop, drops.

sda, adj. bald, bare, naked : nasu Ma, bald-headed ;
pasdayapi, com made bald, i. e. hommony. See
kaMa.

sda-sda', adj. red. of sda.

sda-ya', v. a. to make bare, — Wawaya, Waug-
yaqpi.

sda-ya', adv. nakedly, without covering.

sda-y a'-ta, adv. in an open place.

sda-ye'-hna, adv. openly, exposed, in full view,
uncovered, without a house, defenceless : Mayehna
har}, standing out, unsheltered ; sdayehna wagka,
to sleep out.

sda-y e'-hna-yax), adv. unsheltered.

sdl, adj. many.

sdl, adv. hissing, fizzing. Said of the noise some-
times made by fish in water.

sdo, v. n. to fuse, melt, as metals.

SDO

189

SII^

sdo-ka', n. a kind of spotted duck.

sdo'-ka. See kasdoka.

sdo-ka '-hai), part, out of place, as an axe-head
off the handle, or an eye out of its socket.

sdo-ka'-^wa-hai), part. Same as ^dokahai).

sdo-sdo', V. red. of Mo.

sdo-sdo', adj. soft, as fat, melted.

sdo-sdo'-dag, n. the soft fat parts in an animal.

sdo'-sdo-dar), n. the meadow-lark : 4doModar)
kizo, to whistle to the meadow-lark.

8do-3Mi', V. a. to fuse, melt, or smelt metals, —
^dowaya, sdouijyaijpi.

sdo-ya'-pi, n. that which is melted : Moyapidaij
and maza Moyapi, pewter.

sdun-ya', v. a. to cause to slip.

sdu-sdu'-ta, adj. slippery, a sa road ; smooth, as
ice, etc.

sdu'-ta, adj. slipping. See )aisduta, naMuta.

se'-ea, adj. dry, dead, as wood, rotten.

se-kse'-ea, adj. red. of ^eca.

sen-ya', adv. withered ; dried or drying, season-
ing : ^enya hiyeya.

sen-ya', v. a. to make dry, cause to wither, — sen-
waya : senya ehnaka, to lay up to season.

si, V. a. to command, hid ; to ask. This word is
always preceded by another verb, as, edoij ^i, eye
ii, etc., — wa4i, yasi, uijsipi.

si, V. imperat. stop, be still.

si, intj. hist .^ hark .^

si'-ca, adj. bad, ugly ; bad, wicked, — va&ii6&, ni-
sica, uijsicapi.

si-ca'-ho-"wa-ya, v. n. to scream out, to moan,
— sicahowamda, ^icahowada.

si-ca'-ki-ho, v. a. to do one's work badly, — ^i<$a-
wakiho.

si-ea'-ya, adv. badly, not well.

si-ea'-ya-ken, adv. badly.

si-ce'-ca, n. children, family, — mita^icec'a.

si'-ee-da, v. a. to esteem as bad, to hate, — iide-
wada, ^iceuijdapi.

si'-ce-da-ka, v. to think bad, to hate, — ^icewa-
daka, ^iceyadaka, ^ic'euqdakapi, ^idecidaka.

si'-ce-ki-ci-da-pi, v. recip. hating each other.

si'-ee-ki-da, v. pos. of ^ideda ; to hate one's own,
— ^idewakida.

si'-6e-ki-da'-ka, v. pos. of iidedaka ; to hate one's
own, — ^icewakidaka.

si-ei'-tar)-ka, adj. passionate ; i. q. wadiijko, —

^icimataijka.
si-ei'-ya, v. n. to be angry, — iidiwaya.
si-ei'-ye-ki-ya, v. to mourn for, — ^idiyewakiya.
si-ce', n. a woman's brother-in-law ; a woman
calls her husband's brother and her sister's hus-
band, ^i(Je : 4i^edu and ^i^eku, her brother-in-
law.

si-ce'-ku, n. See side.

si-ce'-si, n. a woman's male cousin ; side^itku,

her male cousin.
si-ce'-si-ya, v. a. to have for or call ii^^ii, —

^idesiwaya.
si-ee'-ya, v. a. to have for ii^Q, — ^idewaya.
si-hda', V. n. to be or become angry, take offence

at, — iinwahda, ^inyahda, iinuijhdapi. In this

word an n is introduced before the pronouns.
si-hda'-pi, n. anger, wrath.
si-hda'-ya, v. a. to make angry, provoke, — ^ihda-

waya, sihdauriyaijpi.
si-har)', v. n. to behave badly, — siwahai).
si-Rai)'-yar), adv. behaving badly.
si '-Mir), adj. feeble, stupid, lazy, sick, — masihtii),

ui)sihtii)pi.
si-Mii)'-ya, v. a. to enfeeble, — ^ihtiijwaya, sihtiq-

mayai).
si-Mir)'-yar), adv. feebly.
sik-si'-ea, adj. red. of ^ica.
sik-si'-ea-ya, adv. badly.
si-na', n. a blanket, a cloak or shawl, any thing

worn as a blanket. Henok thinks this should be

written ^ii)-na, but as A. Renville does not agree

with him, the shorter orthography is preferred.
si-na'-a-pa-Rda-te, n. ribbon, ferret.
si-na'-a-pa-hda-te-sok-so-ka, n. cotton ferret.
si-na'-a-pa-lida-te-zib-zi-pe-dar), n. silk rib-
bon.
si-na'-hir)-sma, n. (Ihaqk.) a buffalo robe.
si-na'-to-ta, n. the common white blanket,
si-na'-o-pa-pxir)-ei-stii)-na, n. a blanket with a

small border, save list cloth.
si-na'-o-pa-puQ-ho-ta, n. grey list cloth.
si-na'-o-pa-pur)-ska, n. white list and stroud.
si-na'-o-pi-ye, n. a bale of blankets.
si-na'-sa, n. a red blanket.
si-na'-to, n. blue skirt cloth; a blue or green

blanket.
si-na'-to-zil)-zi-pe-dar), n. blue broadcloth.
si-na'-"wa-to-pe-ki-ya, v. to go by sails, to sail,

— sinawatopewakiya.
si-na'-^wa-to-pe-kl-ya-pi, n. sails.
si-na'-zib-zi-pe-dar), n. broadcloth.
si-na'-zar)-zar), n. a red blanket.
sin-ya', adv. badly, sadly.
sin-ya'-ken, adv. badly, sadly : caqte iinya-

ken.
sir), n. the fat part of animals, especially /a< meat,

as, kuku^e ^ig, fat pork ; the sappy part of

wood.
sir)-hda, adj. See ^ihda.
sii)-kpar)'-ka, n. See siijkpaqkahu.
sii)-kpar)'-ka-hu, n. the name of a root that, it

is said, grows in low grounds.

SI]^

190

SOG

sirj-ta', n. the tamarack or hackmatack, the
American larch. This is probably so called
because the gum is hard, i. e. sii) tasaka. The
original name seems to have been ' makai).'
S. W. P.
sir)-ta'-ka, n. the striped bass.
sir)-tka'-hu, n. the hip-bone, the os ilium.
sil)-tpar)'-ka, n. a root that groios, it is said, in
low ground : sii)tpai)kahu, the stalk and root
above referred to.
8ir)-sir)', adj. wrinkled.
sir)-yar)'-ta-ka-d.ar), n. the name of a small

bird which frequents the ricf; lakes.
si-pa'. See ka^ipa, yusipa.
si-pa'-har), part, broken off close, as the limbs of

a tree, the teeth of a comb, pins, etc.
si-pa'-"wa-har), part. Same as ^ipahaq.
si-pto', n. beads.
si-pto'-pto, n. beads.
si-so'-ka, n. the robin.
si-tki'-hda, v. n. to be angry ; to be afflicted ;

^itkihda waui).
si-tki'-hda-ya, v. to make angry ; to afflict, to

punish, — sitkihdawaya.
si-tki'-hda-ya, adv. in trouble, angrily, vexed :

sitkihdaya waui).
si-ya'-ka, n. the teal, a kind of duck. The siya-

ka are divided into siyaka taqka, mde ^iyaka, and

wakpa siyaka.
si-ya'-ka, n. a boil : siyaka o, hit by the Siyaka,

which results in a boil, — siyaka mao. We have

not been able to ascertain the origin of this ex-
pression.
si'-yo, n. the grouse or prairie hen, the Telrao

cupido.
si-yo'-to, n. the knees, the front part of the legs ;

the lap, — ma^iyoto.
ska. See yu4ka.

ska-hai)', part, come untied of itself.
skan, cont. of ^kata ; ^kan uppi.
skan-ki'-ya, v. to cause to play, — ^kanwakiya.
skai), V. n. to do, to act ; to move about : token

ya^kai) he, what art thou doing ? — wa4kai), ui)-

Akaijpi : skar) hiijhda, to jump or flutter about, as

a bird when caught.
skar)-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to move about, — ^ka^-

wakiya.
skar)-skar)', v. red. of skai) ; to stir, move about,

change place.
skai)-skai)'-yar), v. a. to cause to move about, —

^kai)skai)waya.
skar)-8kai)'-yar), adv. moving, in motion.
skar)-yar)', adv. moving.
ska'ta, V. n. to play, — waskata, uriskatapi.
ska-vra'-hai), part, come untied of itself.

ske-ca', n. the fisher.

ske-ea'-tar)-ka, n. tke wolverine.

ske-du'-ta, n. the name of a small red bird.

ske-har)', adj. wild, prancing, as a horee ; ambi-
tious.

ske-harj'-hai), adj. red. of ^kehai) ; jumping
round, frolicsome.

ske he', adj. Same as skehaij.

ske-he'-ea, n. an animal that is wild or un-
steady,

ske-he'-sni, adj. gentle.

ske-he'-ya, v. a. to make wild, make prance
abou t, — ^keheway a.

ske-he'-ya, adv. ambitiously.

ski-ea'. See yuskida.

ski-ea'-har), part, squeezing, pressed.

ski-ea'-'wa-hai), part, pressing, squeezed.

skii)-ci'-ya, v. to move one.ielf, be industrious ;
i. q. minihei^iya, — skiijmidiya.

ski-ska', adj. rough, not smooth and level.

ski-ske'-ya, v. a. to make rough, — ^ki^kewaya.

ski-ske'-ya, adv. roughly.

sko-kpa', adj. hollowed out, concave.

skom, cont. of skopa ; skom iyaya.

skom-ya', v. a. to make crooked, — ^komwaya.

skom-ya', adv. crookedly ; ikomya waijka.

sko '-p a, ac(/. crooked, warped ; concave.

sko-sko'-pa, adj. red. of ^kopa.

sko-tpa', adj. hollowed out, concave.

sku, V. n. to be wholly or partially roasted ; to be
covered with red spots, as one who lies too close
to the fire in cold weather, — maiku, ni^ku.

sku-mna', adj. tainted, as meat ; sour.

sma, adj. deep, as water ; dense, as foliage ; thickly
set, as hair.

sma-sma', adj. red. of ima.

snii, adj. bare ; i. q. hig wanida : pa imi ; said
of a head with only a few scattering hairs.

sna. See yu^na.

sna-har)', part, dropped, missed.

sna-"wa'-har), part, dropped.

sni, adv. of negation ; not, no. It follows verbs,
nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc.

sni-sni'-za, adj. red. of ^niia.

snis-ya', v. a. to make wither or dry up, — imi-
waya, ^nisuqyaijpi.

snis-ya', adv. withered.

sni-yar)'-yar), adv. abundantly.

sni'-za, adj. withered, dead, dried up, as leaves
by the sun, withered ; blurred, indistinct : iito-
masniia.

snui)-snur)'-za, adj. red. of &n\ix)i&.

snUQ'-za, adj. blurred, indistinct, as, iitoinuqia.

sog, cont. of ^oka.

sog-sog'-ya, adv. red. of iogya.

SOG

191

SU]^

BOg-ya', adv. stronyli/, firmly, thickly : sogya

awacii), to think intently.
SOg-yeh', adv. strongly, firmly ; greatly, much.
SO'-ka, adj. thick, applied to solids.
so-ksag'-ka-dar), n. a species of duck, much

smaller than the mallard duck, the teal.
so-ksar)'-ka-tar)-ka, n. a large species of the

teal.
80-kso'-ka, adj. red. of soka.
son-na'-gi, n. (smoke-ghost) soot.
son-ya', v. a. to smoke, make smoky, — sonwaya.
sor)g-zo'-ya-ka, n. See suijioyaka for the better

orthography of this word.
sor)-gi'-dai), n. See suijgidai).
Bor)'-ka, n. See suijka.
SOr)-pa', n. See sugpa.
SOr)'-SOr)-na, adj. long-eared, hanging down, as

the ears of many dogs do ; dogs whose ears hang

down. Hence, suktaqka soi)soi)na, a mule.
SOr)-te', n. the hole by which a beaver goes in and

out.
so'-sa, adj. turbid, muddy, as water.
SO'-se, adj. Same as sosa : Mini^ose, the Missouri

river.
SO-se'-ya, v. a. to make turbid or muddy, to stir

■up, — sosewaya.
SO-se'-ya, adv. turbidly.
SO-ska', n. a species of pine ; a small kind of

fish ; i. q. hoska.
so'-ta, n. smoke.
so'-ta, V. n. to smoke, as a fire.
so-tka'-zi, n. soot.
SO-tka'-zl, adj. smoked black, sooty.
SOt-o'-ZU, adj. smoky, full of smoke, applied to

a hazy atmosphere.
spa. See yu^pa.
spa-hai)', part, broken off.
spai), adj. cooked^ as food ; burnt or frozen, as

the face or parts of the body by heat or cold :

noge maspai), my ears are frozen ; siha nispai),

thy feet are frozen.
sparj-ki'-ci-ei-ya, v. a. to cook for one, — ^paij-

weciciya.
Bpar)-kl'-ya, v. a. pos. to cook one's own food ;

to cook for another, — ^paijwakiya, ipai)ui)ki-

yapi.
spai)-yai)', v. a. to cook, as food, — spaijwaya,

^paquijyaripi.
spa-"wa'-har), ^ar<. broken off.
spe. See spa.
spi. See yuspi.

spi-har)', part, fallen off, as berries.
spi-Ava'-har), part. Same as ^pihai).
spu. See yuspu.
spu-hai)', part. See ^puwahaij.

spu-Ava'-hai), part, fallen off' of itself, as any

thing that adhered.
sta, conj. although. See e^ta.
stag, cont. of staka.
stag-ya', v. a. to mash up ; to make preserves, —

stagwaya.
stag-ya', adv. free from ice : ^tagya wa^ka.
sta'-ka, adj. free from ice, as a river or lake when

the ice has broken up and run out : beaten, broken.

See kastaka.
star). See kastai), yustaii.
stai), adj. blackish, dark-colored.
star), V. n. to become black, as berries by the heat

of the sun.
star)'-har), conj. although : hi staijhai) sdonwaye

^ni, though he may have come I do not know it.
star)-har)', v. n. to ooze out, as water from a sore,

to be sore and exude water.
Sta-sta', adj. weak, brittle, i. q. wai]kadaq.
sta-sta'-dar), adj. brittle.
sta-sta'-ka, adj. red. of ^taka.
ste, adj. deformed. See o^teka.
ste-da', V. to think there is much or many, to rate

high, — stewada, steuqdapi.
ste-da'-pi, n. a great many, much.
ste-i'-ei-da, v. refiex. to think much of oneself.
ste-ya', adv. deformedly.
stu-ea', V. n. to thaw, as any thing that has been

frozen. See stunya.
stun-ya', v. a. to thaw, cause to thaw, — itnn-

waya : stuni^iya, to thaw or warm oneself, —

stunmi^iya.
stu-sta', adj. soft, as the flesh of an animal when

hard chased, wanting fiavor.
stu-ste'-ya, v. a. to chase so as to make weary

and render the meat flavorless, — ^tu^tewaya.
Stu'-ta, adv. thawed, wanned : nape mastuta, my

hands are warmed.
suk-eir)'-ca, n. a young wolf. See ^uqkciqca.
siik-eir)'-ea-dar), n. a colt. See suijkciijcadai).
suk-tar)'-ka, «. (suijka and tagka) the horse,

horses.
suk-tar)'-ka-a-kir), n. a saddle for a horse; a

pack-saddle.
suk-tar)'-ka-i-i-yu--wi, n. a horse-bridle, a rope

for a horse's mouth.
suk-tar)'-ka-sor)-sor)-na, n. a mule, a jackass.
siik-tar)'-ka--wa-na-pir), n. a horse-collar.
sur), n. the large feathers of birds' wings.
sur)g, cont. of iui)ka.
sur)g-a'-kii), n. a saddle.
sugg-hu'-dar), n. a short-legged horse, a pony,

a small horse.
8ur)g-hu'-pte-pte-ce-dar), n. a short-legged

dog or horse.

SUIJ

192

TAH

sur)g-i'-ea-psir)-te, n. a horsewhip.

sugg-mdo'-ka, n. the male of the horse or doj.

sur)g-"wa'-kir)-i-hu-pa, n. the apparatus for
pacMng on a horse or dog, pronounced often ^uijg-
wai:ur)hupa and suijgwal^iijliupa. It is made
by placing the ends of two or more poles (usually
tent-poles) together, and inclining them at an
angle of some forty or fifty degrees. The ends
fastened together are placed on the back of the
horse or dog, with a strap around the breast.
Behind the horse's tail cross-pieces are tied, on
which loads are packed and children placed. The
Sisitor)wai)s and Ihaijktoijwaqs of the prairie keep
large dogs for the purpose of packing.

SUlJg-'Wi'-ye, n. a mare ; a hitch.

suijg-wi'-ye-dar), n. dim. of suqgwiye.

sur)-gi'-dai), n. the fox.

suri-Rpa'-dajQ, n. a puppy, a little dog.

sur)'-ka, n. a dog, commonly ; a horse ; an ox
or cow, occasionally. This latter use obtains
only in the language of the braves or warriors of
the nation, — mitasui)ke, nitasugke, tasuijke.

sug'-ka-wa-kai), n. a sacred dog or spirit-dog,
i. e. a horse.

SUI)k-6il)'-ea, n. a young wolf.

sui)k-eir)'-ea-dar), n. a colt.

sui)k-i'-ea-psir)-te, n. a horsewhip.

surik-pa'-dairi, n. See suijhpadai).

sur)k-tar)'-ka, n. (suqka and tagka). See euk-
taqka.

sui)k-ta'-"wa-na-pir)-na, n. the name of a small
bird.

surjk-to'-ke-ca, n. the other dog, i. e. the wolf.

sur)k--wi'-ye, n. a mare.

sur)-pa', V. n. to m^ult, shed, as geese their
feathers.

suij-pa'-lidi-lidi, v. to have the feathers partly
grown. Said of geese, etc., when their feathers
have grown so that they are almost able to fly ;
i. q. edadaij kihipi kta.

sur)-zo'-yag, cont. of suijioyaka ; ^ui)ioyag idu,
to make a loop, noose, or lasso; suijzoyag iyaka^ka,
to tie a noose or running knot.

sui)-zo'-ya-ka, n. a noose.

su-pe', n. guts, intestines.

SU-pe'-eo-'WO-zn, n. a species of duck, so called
because its entrails are always full.

sup-tar)'-ka, n. the large intestines.

SU-ska', adj. slow, tardy, good for nothing, worth-
less,— ma^u^ka, nisuska.

su-ska'-ka, n. a worthless fellow.

su-ta', V. to miss, fail of, to be unable to obtain,
— suwata, suuqtapi.

su-te'-ya, v. a. to cause to fail or miss, —
iutewaya.

T.

t, the twenty-third letter of the Dakota alphabet.

ta, n. the moose. This may properly be considered
as the generic term for all ruminating animals,
since it enters into the composition of the names
of most of them ; as, tahiijca, deer j tatagka,
buffalo, etc.

ta, a prefix to such nouns as signify the various
members of the body, limiting them to the cor-
responding parts in ruminating animals ; as, dezi,
the tongue, taceii, a buffalo tongue ; pa, the
head, tapa, a deer's head.

ta, prep, in comp. at, to, on ; suffixed to nouns it
gives them the force of adverbs ; as, maka, the
earth ; makata, on the ground. See also ' ata '
and ' yata.'

ta, pron. in comp. his, hers, its ; with ' pi ' at the
end of the noun, theirs.

ta, adj. one of, a pair : tawai)iidai), one pair ;
tanoijpa, two pairs.

ta-ee'-sdi, n. the dung of ruminating animals,
especially the buffalo ; the " Bois de vache " of
the French.

ta-ee'-zi, n. the tongue of ruminating animals,
especially the buffalo.

ta-eir)'-ea, n. the young of deer, a fawn.

ta-eir)'-ea-dar), n. a fawn, a lamb.

ta-cir)'-ea-ha, n. a fawn-skin, calf-skin.

ta-do', n. fresh meat, the fresh meat of ruminat-
ing animals, as the deer and buffalo.

ta-do '-hde-ska, n. the oesophagus of the buffalo.

ta-do'-ta-hu, n. the windpipe of animals.

ta'-ga, n. mini taga, froth, foam.

ta-ge', n. froth, foam, spittle, scum : tage efipeya,
to skim, throw off the scum.

ta-gi'-ea, n. a species of tortoise.

ta-gi'-ca-ha, n. a buffalo robe ; chiefly used by
the Sisitoi)wai)s and Ihai)ktoi)wai)s ; i. q. pteha-
sina. Why a buffalo robe should be called tagi-
caha we have been unable to ascertain, except
perhaps in contrast with the shell of the tortoise,
or it may be from some fancied resemblance in
shape.

ta-go'-sa, V. n. to spit, expectorate, — tagowa^a,
tagouij^api.

ta-gu', n. an old buffalo bull, a poor scabby bull,
whether old or not, a singed hill.

ta-ha', n. a deer-skin.

ta-ha'-ba-tdo-ke, n. the slits cut in a hide by
which it is stretched.

ta-har)', n. a man's brother-in-law, a wife's
brother, and a man's sister's husband ; my
brother-in-law : nitahai), thy brother-in-law.

ta-har)'-ki-6i-ya-yi, «. brothers-in-law.

TAH

193

TAK

ta-har)'-ku, n. his brother-in-law.

ta-har)'-si, n. a man's male cousin, my cousin.

This does not include a father's brother's sons,

who are brothers, — nitahaij^i.
ta-har)'-si-tku, n. his male coitsin.
ta-hag'-si-ya, v. a. to sustain the relation of

male cousin to one, — tahaijsiwaya.
ta-hai)'-ya, v. a. to have for brother-in-law, sus-
tain the relation of tahai) to one, — tahaijwaya.
ta-ha'-sa-ka, n. dried skin, parchment.
ta'-hdo-hu, n. the soft maple, Acer rubrum.
ta-he'-ca-psurj-VTi, n. the moon in which the

deer shed their horns ; December.
tahe'-dai), adv. on this side of.
ta-he'-dar)-tar)-hai), adv. on this side of.
ta-he'-na, adv. (Ihai)k.) on this side, i. q. itato.
ta-he'-na-tag-har), adv. from this side of
ta-he'-pi, adv. by the way, on the road, between

one place and another.
ta-he'-pi-ya, adv. between places, in the space

between the earth and heaven.
ta-hlr)', ». buffalo or deer's hair.
ta-hlQ'-i-pa-stai), n. an instrument for scraping

or currying skins.
ta-hiQ'-spa, n. an awl, awls.
ta-hir)'-spa-ci-ka-dai), n. a needle, needles.
ta-hii)'ye-te, n. the shoulder of animals.
ta-hii)'-yo-ki-be, n. the joints of animals.
ta-ho'-co-ka, ». a court or open place. See

hocoka.
ta-ho'-ka-ta, n. a spider's web.
ta-ho'-ka-tai), v. (taha and okataij) to stretch

out, aa a, hide, with pins, — tahowakatai).
ta-hu', n. the back of the neck.
ta-hu'-ka, n. the hide of a buffalo, a green hide.
ta-hu'-to-star), n. the nape, the prominent arti-
culation of the neck behind.
ta-liar)'-hir)-hda, v. n. of tage ; to froth or foam,

as when any thing is thrown into water,
ta'-hca, n. cont. of tahiijca.

ta'-Mr)-ea, n. the common deer, Cervus capreolus.
ta'-hir)-ca-ha, n. a deer-skin. See taha.
ta'-hir)-ca-ska, n. white deer, i. e. sheep.
ta'-]iir)-ea--wa-nur)-yar)-pi, n. tame deer, i. e.

sheep.
ta'-Mr)--wa-nur)-yar)-pi, n. sheep.
ta-hpa', n. the lower part of the neck and breast

of animals; the part between the shoulders of a

man.
ta-hpi'-yo-gii), n. ground-cherries.
ta-hpi'-yo-gir), adj. ripe, fully ripe : i. q. sutoi) ;

tahpiyogiq sni, not ripe.
tah-tor)', V. of tage ; to have scum.
ta-fiu'-ha, n. the scrapings of hides or skins.
ta-hu'-sda-ha, n. a summer robe.
25

ta-hu '-wa-pa-hpe, n. the flesh that sticks to a

hide.
ta'-ka, V. a. to roast off the hull, as of rice, — wa-

taka, uqtakapi.
ta-kai)', n. the sinew taken from the back of the

deer and buffalo, which is used by the Dakotas

for thread, making bows, etc.
ta-kai)'-gi, n. the knee-pan, the patella.
ta-kag'-he-ea, n. raspberries.
ta-kar)'-he-ea-hu, n. raspberry bushes.
ta-kar)'-i-ta-zi-pe, n. a bow the back of which is

overlaid with sinew.
ta-ka'-po-pa-pl, n. playing ball by striking.
ta-ka'-psi-ea, v. to play ball by taking up the

ball in the club and throwing it, — tawakapsida.
ta-ka'-psi-ea-pi, n. ball-playing.
ta-ki'-ca-po-pe, n. a ball-club for striking.
ta-ki'-ca-psi-6a, n. a ball-club, a stick with a

hoop at the end, interlaced so as to hold and carry

the ball in readiness to be thrown.
tak-i'-har), v. (taku and ihaij) : takihag yahi he,

what have you come to do ?
ta-kii)', V. n. to lean : takiq iyaya, to dodge.
ta-kir)'-yar), adv. leaning, not perpendicular :

wi takioyai) ya, said of the sun when it is half

way up to the meridian.
ta-ki'-yu-Bia-'wi, n. the moon when the deer

copulate ; November.
ta-ko'-da, n. Used with the pronouns ; as, mita-

koda, my friend ; nitakoda, thy friend ; tako-

daku, his friend. See koda.
ta-ko'-da-ki-ei-ya-pl, n. particular frieruis.
ta-ko'-da-ku, n. his particular friend.
ta-ko'-da-ya, «. a. to have one for a particular

friend, — takodawaya.
ta-ko'-mni, adv. nevertheless, still, always, at

any time, ever : with im following, at no time.
ta-kos', n. a son-in-law or daughter-in-law, my

son-in-law, etc. ; nephews and nieces by marriage.
ta-kos'-ku, n. his or her son-in-law or daughter-
in-law.
ta-kos'-ya, v. a. to have for son-in-law or daugh-
ter-in-law,— takoiwaya.
ta-ko'-za, n. a grandchild, my grandchild, — mi-

takoia, nitakoia.
ta-ko'-za-kpa-ku, n. his or her grandchild.

Takoiakpa is not used alone.
ta-ko'-za-tpa-ku, n. his or her grandchild.
ta-ko'-za-ya, v. a. to have for grandchild, — ta-

koiawaya, takoiauijyaqpi.
ta-kpe', v. a. to come upon, attack ; sometimes

used in a good sense, to visit, — tawakpe, taui)kpe-

pi : takpe hi, to come to attack ; takpe i, to

have been to attack ; takpe ya, to go to attack ;

takpe u, to be coming to attack.

TAK

194

TA]^

ta-kpe'-ya, adv. attacking.

ta'-ku, n. something.

ta'-ku, interrog. pron. what ? taku yacii) he, what

dost thou want ?
ta-ku', n. a relative, kindred. See takuya.
ta'-ku-ea, pron. interrog. what ?
ta'-ku-daQ, n. dim. of tdku ; a trifle, nothing,

mostly followed by sni, as, takudaq wac'ii) ^ni, /

want nothing.
ta'-ku-da-sni, v. a. to count as nothing, not to

regard ; to he patient, submissive in suffering, —

takuwada^ni.
ta-ku'-ki-ci-ya-pi, n. relatives, relationship.
ta'-ku-ku, n. red. of taku ; small articles, trinkets.
ta'-ku-ma-ni-ni-na, n. moths and other small

grubs.
ta-ku'-mna, v. n. to have taste or sm^ll ; taku-

mna ^ni, to be without smell, taste, or aroma ; un-
palatable.
ta'-ku-ni-sni, v. n. to com^ to nothing, fail,

perish, — matakuni^ni.
ta'-ku-ni-sni-yai), adv. gone to nothing, perish-
ing.
ta'-ku-sa-sa, n. bed-bugs ; any red thing.
Ta'-ku-skai)-skar), n. one of the Dakota gods,

the moving god or god of motion.
ta'-ku-sni, n. nothing.
ta'-ku-sni-sni, n. small articles.
ta-ku'-ya, v. a. to have one for a relation, — ta-

kuwaya, takuuijyaijpi, takumayaq, takuc'iya.
ta-ku'-ye, n. a relative, — mitakuye, uqkitaku-

yepi.
ta'-ma-he, n. the pike, a kind of fish,
ta'-ma-he-ca, ao?/. poor, lean, not fat, — matama-

heca, u^tamahecapi.
ta'-ma-hen, adv. See taijmahen.
ta'-ma-hen-he-ca, adj. red. of tamaheca.
ta'-ma-hen-ya, adv. poorly, not in a fat state.
ta'-ma-ka, adj. poor, lean : pte tainaka, a lean

cow.
ta-mda', n. See tagmda.
ta'-mdo-hu, n. the shoulder-blade of animals.
ta-mdo'-ka, n. the male of the common deer, a

buck.
tam-ki'-ya, v. a. to say mu^h to one about any

thing, to blame, talk roughly to, — tamwakiya,

tamugkiyapi, tammakiya.
ta-mni', n. the womb.
ta-mmj'-ka, v. 1st pers. sing, of tawaqka.
tam-ya', v. n. to talk earnestly, vociferate ; to

complain, murmur, blame one, — tamwamda, tam-

yada, tamuijyaripi.
ta-na'-gi-dai), n. a species of humming-bird.
ta-na'-kpa-he-ea, n. a species of flag with a

large root growing in water.

ta-na'-kpar), n. the fleshy part on the leg below
the knee of an animal.

ta-na'-su-dar), n. the brain of animals.

ta-na'-tpa-he-ea, n. Same as tanakpaheca.

ta-na'-tpa-hu-te, n. Same as tanakpaheca.

ta-na'-vri-ti-ee, n. the little bulbous piece of
meat on the fore-leg.

ta-ni', adj. old. See tai)ni.

ta-ni'-ge, n. the paunch of a buffalo, etc.

ta-ni'-hai), adv. long ago. See tapnihaq.

ta-nih'-3ru-sku, v. to empty the paunch of a
buffalo, etc.

ta-ni'-ka, adj. old. See tapnika.

ta-ni'-ya, n. his or her breath or life. See wo-
niya.

tar), ccmt. of taijcai) ; as, taqtoq.

tar), cont. of tai)ka ; as, minitaij.

tar). See yutag.

tSii), prep, or adv. suffixed ; as in hec'iyatai).

tar), n. the side of an animal, the meat taken off"
the ribs : tai) waijzidai), one piece of meat.

tar)-a'-ta-ye-dar), adv. individually, directly,
in person : taqatayedai) hdaiuiu, to pay each
one for himself.

tar)-car)', n. the body, — mitaijcai), uqtaqcaijpi :
the body or principal part of any thing, as of a
tree, etc.

tar)-car)'-ka, n. the chief, the principal.

tar)-eaQ'-kl-ya, v. a. to make great ; to prefer,
consider chief, — tagdaqwakiya.

taT)-ear)'-tor), w. to have a body ; to he ripe, full
grown.

taQ-eo'-eo-dai), adj. red. of taqcodai).

tar)-co'-dar), adj. naked, nearly naked, poorly
clad; taqcodai) wauq.

tar)-eo'-ka, adj. See taqcokadag.

tar)-co'-ka-dar), adj. naked, without clothing, —
taqdomakadai), tai)cour)kapidai).

tar)-da', v. a. to love, honor, respect ; to he pa-
tient,— taqwada, taquijdapi.

tarj-da'-kei, v. a. Same as taqda.

tar)-har)', prep, from ; as, hediya taijhai).

tar)-hda'-kir)-yar), adv. crosswise, across some-
thing else.

tar)-hdu'-s'a-s'a-se-6a, v. to be frightened, as at
a ghost, frightened at any thing ; to be made sick
by seeing any thing, — taqmahdus'as'a seda.

tar)-hdu'-s'a-s'a-ya, adv. in a state of fright.

tas)-ij)', V. n. to appear, be manifest, he visible, —
matariiq.

tai)-ir)'-iT), v. n. red. of tai)ii) ; to appear occasion-
ally, as one passing under a hUl, or as the sun
through clouds.

tai)-ir)'-ir)-yar), adv. red. of taqiqyai) ; appearing
occasionally : taqioiqyaq iyaya.

TA]^

195

TA]^

tai)-ir)'-sni, v. n. to he lost, to have disappeared.

See also kitaqirjsni.
tai)-ir)'-sni-yar), adv. out of sight, lost.
tar)-ir)'-yai), adv. manifestly, openly, without

concealment.
tar)'-i-yo-hi-dar), adv. each one, every one.
tar)'-i-yo-hi-na, adv. (Ihaqk.) each.
tar)'-ka, adj. large, great in any way, — matai)ka,

nitaijka, ui)tai)kapi.
tar)'-ka, n. a woman's younger sister, — mitaijka,

nitaijka, taijkaku.
taij-ka'-ki-ei-ya-pi, n. they who are sisters.
tar)'-ka-ki-ya, adv. largely : ho taijkakiya, with

a loud voice.
tar)-ka'-ku, n. her younger sister.
tar)-kan', adv. without, out of doors : taijkan

iyaya, to go out ; taijkan iyeya, to turn out, put

out of doors.
tai)-ka'-ta, adv. out of doors, outside.
tar)-ka'-ya, v. a. to have for a younger sister, —

tai)kawaya.
tai)'-ka-ya, v. a. to consider great, — taijkawaya.
tar)'-ka-ya, adv. greatly, to a great extent: taij-

kaya wauij.
taQ-ke', n. a man's older sister ; my older sister,

— mitaijke, nitai)ke.
tai)-ke'-ku, n. his older sister.
tai)-ke'-ya, v. a. to have for older sister, — taijke-

waya.
tar)-kii)'-kii)-yar), adj. red. and^^. of ta^ka and

tar)kii)yai) ; very large.
tar)-kir)'-yai), adj. very great, large.
tar)-kir)'-yai)-yar), adj. red. of taqkiqyai).
tar)-ki'-ya-dar), adv. near to one, — mitaijkiya-

dai).
tar)-ksi', n. a man's younger sister ; my younger

sister, — mitaijkii, nitaqk^i.
tai)-ksi'-tku, n. his younger sister.
tai)-ksi-ya, v. a. to have for younger sister, —

tai)ksiwaya.
tar)'-ktai)-ka, adj. red. of tai]ka.
tar)'-ktar)-ka-ya, adv. red. of taijkaya ; largely.
tar)'-ku, n. Same as taqkeku.
tax) '-ma-hen, adv. in the body, within.
tai)'-ina-hen-tar)-har), adv. from within.
tar)-nida', n. round snow-shoes : taqmdohaq, to

put on or wear round snow-shoes.
tar)-nidas', cont. of taqmdaza ; taqmdas wai)ka,

to lie on the side, as animals.
taq-mda'-ska-ya, adv. taijmdaskaya waijka, to

lie on the side, lie flat.
tai)-inda'-Z£i, v. to spread the knees apart. See

taQmdas.
tar)-na'-ke-ki-ya, adv. on the side : tagnakekiya

wagka, it lies on its tide.

tar)-na'-ke-ya, adv. on the side : taqnakeya

wai)ka. •

tar)'-na-pa, v. n. to twitch, as the flesh of an

animal, jerk involuntarily.
tar)'-na-pa-ki-ya, v. a. to shrug up, as the

shoulders, — tai)napawakiya.
tar)'-na-pa-pa, v. red. of taijnapa.
tar)-ni', adj. old, worn out.
tar)-ni', adv. of old : taqni hec'ede kta epca, /

long thought it would be so.
tari-ni'-cirj-ca, n. a yearling calf.
tar)-ni'-har), adv. long ago, of old.
tar)-iii'-har)-tar)-har), adv. of old, a long time

ago.
tajj-ni'-ka, adj. old, worn out, ancient.
tai)-ni'-na, adj. old.
tai)-ni'-na, adv. long ago, of old.
tar)-ni'-na-ka, adv. of old, formerly.
tai)-ni'-iii, adj. red. of tai)ni ; worn out,
tar(-o'-"wa-sir), «. the whole body.
tar)-pa', n. the white birch, Betula populifolia ;

the bark of the birch.
tar)-pa'-cai)-ka-gi-6a, n. spunk taken from the

birch.
tar)-pa'-hu, n. the white birch tree.
tai)-pa'-sa-sa-dar), n. a small species of birch.
tar)-pa'-'wa-kBi-ca, n. dishes made out of the

taijpa.
taij-pa'-'wa-ta, n. a birch-bark canoe.
tar)-sag', cont. of taqsaka, which is not used : tai)-

sag ta, to die of fright ; to be much alarmed, to

faint, — taijsag mata : taijsag ^a ehpeya, to

frighten very much.
tai)-sag'-te-ya, v. a. to frighten very much, —

taqsagtewaya.
tar)-sai)'-ni, n. one side of the body,
taq'-si-to-mni, n. the whole body.
tai)'-si-to-inni-yai), adv. all over the body.
tar)-smi'-yar)-yar), adv. alone, deprived of

every thing : ta^smiyaijya^ maqka, / am de-
prived of all.
tar)-sini'-yar)-yar)-ka, n. one who is alone,

without relations.
taq-si'-ea, adj. ugly, deformed, — taqma^ica.
tarj-sii)', n. the fat on the ribs.
tar)-sna', adj. alone, single, unmarried, without

one's family : tai)4na waui), / am alone; wida-

taij^na, an unmarried man ; witag^na, a single

woman, a virgin.
tar)-sna'-na, adj. alone, without one's family :

taijsnana ui)hipi, we have come alone.
tajj '-tar)-hai), adj. from the body ; near to one.
tar)-tar)'-yar), adv. red. of taijyaij.
tar)-te'-6a, n. a species of red berry that grow*

on a climbing plant.

TAIJ

196

TAS

tar)-te'-ea-hu, n. the vine producinp the taqteda.
tai)-toi)', V. n. to have a body, be in the body ; to

be substantial, as some kinds of food.
tai)-toi)'-ka, adj. increasing in bulk, as rice, etc.,

by cooking ; famishing much nourishment for the

qtmntity.
tan-toi)'-sni, v. n. to have no body, as a spirit ;

to be unsubstantial, as some kinds of food.
tai)-toi)'-sni-yai), v. a. to annihilate, — ^tagtofl-

sniwaya.
tar)-toi)'-sni-yai), adv. without body, unsubstan-
tially.
tar)-tor)'-yai), adv. visibly, bodily: taqto^yaij

hai), it stands visibly.
tai)-'wa'-ste, adj. of fine form, handsome, — tag-

mawaste.
tai)-yani', adv. tapyam ia, to take one's part,

speak for one ; i. q. iciya.
tai)'-yar), adv. well : tagyaq ui), to be well ; ta^-

yaq ecoi), to do any thing well ; taijyai) iyei^iya*

to be fortunate.
tai)'-yai)-ken, adv. well.
tai)-ya'-ta-ki-ya, adv. towards one: taijyata-

kiya hiyu, to come towards one.
tar)-yeR', cont. of tai)ye]iii).
tar)-ye'-Mr), adv. very well.
tajQ-za'-ni, adj. healthy, in health, sound, not in-
jured in body.
tai)-za'-m-ya-ke, adv. without injuring : taq-

zaniyake kata, to kill without injuring the skin or

fiesh.
tar)-za'-ni-yar), adv. whole, not wounded.
ta-o', V. a. to wound by shooting, wound, but not

Mil, — tawao.
ta-o'-ki-ye, n. his disciple or assistant, — mitao-

kiye : taokiyeya, to have for one's servant or

helper.
ta-o'-pi, part, wounded ; a wounded person or

animal.
ta-o'-UQ-ye, n. his dwelling.
ta-o'-ya-te, n. Ms people, — mitaoyate.
ta'-pa', n. a deer's head.
ta-pa', V. a. to follow after one wbo has gone ; to

follow, as game ; to pursue, as an enemy, — tawapa.
ta'-pa, n. a ball, such as the Dakotas use in

playing.
ta-pa'-ga, n. the diaphragm of deer, etc
ta-pa'-hdo-ge-zu, n. the holes in an animaPs

head communicating with the nostrils ; an edible
. plant having a pod somewhat like that of the

Datura stramonium or Jamestown weed.
ta-pa'-ksii), n. the kidneys of buffalo, etc.
ta-pa'-za-hu, n. a species of plant having a pod.
ta-pe'-te, n. the upper part of the. back across

(he $hQuld(rs, -y::-'.'!::

ta-pe'-te-pa, adv. at the back.
ta-pe'-te-pa-tai)-har), adv. at or on the back.
ta-pi', n. the liver of animals.
ta-po', n. the duodenum ; one of the stomachs of
. ruminating animals ; the crop of fowls. See

tatapo.
ta-poi)', n. the cheek.
ta-pog'-hu, n. the cheek-bone.
ta-po'-pu-ska, n. tadpoles.
ta-po'-sko-hna-ka, v. n. to put any thing on

one's back under the blanket, — tapo^kowahnaka.
ta-psi'-psi-za, v. red. of tapsiza.
ta-psis', cont. of tapsiza ; tapsis hiqhda, to bubble

up, as water when any thing is thrown in, or

spontaneously.
ta-psi'-za, v. n. to bubble up, come up, as bubbles

on water.
ta-pta'-he-za, n. black currants, Ribes fioridum.

See c'aptaheza.
ta-pui)', n. See tapoi).
ta-sag', cont. of tasaka ; tasag hnaka, to expose

for the purpose of hardening.
ta-sag'-ya, v. a. to cause to harden, — tasagwaya.
ta-sag'-ya, adv. in a hardened state : tasagya

hnaka, to lay away in a hard state.
ta-sa'-ka, adj. stiff, hard, frozen, hardened by

cooling, whether at a temperature above or below

the freezing point ; hard, as tallow ; cold, as, nape

matasaka, my hands are cold.
ta-sa'-ka-cai), «. a kind of wood, a sjiecies of

hard pine.
ta-sa'-pa, n. tlie black bear, in the sacred dialect.
ta-ska', n. taska wanuQyaqpi and tahigda ska

wanuijyaiipi, sheep.
ta-ska'-kpa, «. the woodlouse.
ta-ska'-tpa, n. the woodlouse.
ta-spar)', n. the red haw.
ta-spar)'-hu, n. the hawthorn.
ta-spai)'-sdo-sdo-daQ, n. the dwarf red haw.
ta-spar) '-taQ-ka, n. the crab apple, Pyrus coro-

naria ; the common apple, Pyrus malus.
ta-spar)'-tar)-ka-hu, «. the crab tree ; the apple

tree.
ta-su'-su-o-zu-ha, n. a shot-pouch.
ta-sa'-ka, n. the hoofs or nails of deer.
ta-si'-sa-ke, n. the nails or hoofs of animals,

used by the Dakotas for rattles.
ta-si'-ya-ka, n. the pylorus or lower orifice of

the stomach of ruminating animals ; the large

intestines.
ta-si'-ya-ka-po-po-pa, n. a species of bird.
ta-ska'-dar), n. the box-elder, Acer negundo.

Same as cag^u^ka.
ta-sko'-zu, n, a grove of timber, thickly timbered

land.

TAS

197

TAW

ta-sna'-he-ca, n. the prairie ground-squirrel.

ta-sna'-he-ea-ho-ta, n. the grey ground-squir-
rel.

ta-spu', n. the stem, as of a pumpkin ; a knob,
a button. See mazataipu.

ta-spu'-dai), n. a knob, a button, the head of a
pin.

ta'-ta, adj. dull, blunt, bruised up.

ta-ta'-hpa, n. the breast and neck of animals.

ta-ta'-mni, n. that which surrounds the foetus,
the womb of animals.

ta-tai)'-ka, n. the male buffalo, tlie Bos, or Bison

americanus ; the common ox.

ta-ta'-po, n. the duodenum of ruminating ani-
mals.
ta-ta'-^wa-mdu-ska, n. the horse-Jig.
ta-ta'-^wa-mdu-ska-daQ, n. the horse-fly.
ta-te', n. air in motion, wind.
ta-te'-dar)-se-ea, n. the essence of peppermint.
ta-te '-i-yu-mni, n. a whirlwind.
ta-te'-ka-s'a, v. the wind whistles.
ta-te'-o-u-ye, n. a quarter of the heavens : tate

ouye topa, the four quarters of the heavens.
ta-te '-yar)-pa, v. n. it blows ; the wind blows.
ta-te'-yai)-pa, n. wind.
ta'-to, n. cumfrey, a root with a long branching

stalk, the stem of which is eaten by the Dakotas.
ta-to'-har), adv. up stream.
ta-to'-he-ki-ya, adv. against the wind or cur-
rent, up stream.
ta-to'-he-ya, adv. against the wind, up stream :

tatoheya uijyaijpi, we go up stream.
ta-to'-ka, n. the big horned antelope. Perhaps

the goat of the Rocky Mountains, or the Antelope

rupicapra.
ta-to'-ka-dar), n. the gazelle or prairie antelope,

the Antelope dorcas, somewhat smaller than the

common deer. They go in companies, and are

very fleet.
ta-to'-wam, cont. of tatowapa ; up stream : ta-

towam uqyagpi.
ta-to'-Vira-pa, adv. up stream, up the river.
ta-to'-"wa-pa-tar)-har), adv. from above, from

up stream.
ta-tpe', V. to come to, come upon, attack, make an

attack on, — tawatpe, tauijtpepi.
ta-tpe '-hi, v. to com^ to attack, — tatpewahi.
ta-tpe'-i, V. to have been to attack, — tatpewai.
ta-tpe '-y a, v. to go to attack, — tatpemda : tatpe

iyaya, to have gone to attack ; tatpe u, to come to

attack.
ta-tpe'-ya, adv. attacking.
ta'-vra, pron. his, hers, its, — mitawa, nitawa.
ta-'Wa'-oir), n. the mind, will, understanding,

disposition, purpose, thought, — mitawacifl.

ta-"wa'-eir)-hii)-yai)'-za, adj. morose.
ta-"wa'-cir)-ki-cur), v. n. to be resolute, obstinate,

have a mind of one's own, — tawaciflwe^uq.
ta--wa'-eir)-ki-ciii)'-yaq, adv. resolutely.
ta-'wa'-eirj-si-ea, adj. of a bad disposition, — ta-

waciijmasica.
ta-'wa'-eir)-"wa-ste, adj. of a good disposition,

— tawacii) mawa^te.
ta-vra'-gai), n. a step-son ; a step-father.
ta-'wa'-gaij-ku, n. his step-son or step-father.
ta-"wa'-gar)-ya, v. a. to have for tawagai), — ta-

wagaqwaya.
ta-vra'-he-ea, n. a swelling, a bubo.
ta-Tva'-korj-ze, n. his influence or purpose.

This is used for the Spirit of God, — nitawakoijze.
ta-'wa'-mni-pa, n. the seven stars, in the con-
stellation Taurus.
ta-vraQ'-ka, v. n. to be willing to undertake, dis-
posed to do or attempt. Generally this is used in
• the negative, as, tawagka ini, not to be disposed

to, — tamuijka ^ni.
ta-Tvag'-zi, n. one of any thing, a pair : tanoq-

pa, two of any thing, two pairs ; tayamni, three

pairs.
ta-"wa'-te-ca, v. See tawatenya.
ta-"W"a'-ten-ki-ya, v. a. to be willing to have

such a thing happen to one, — tawatenwakiya, ta-

watenciciya.
ta-vra'-ten-ya, v. a. to be willing for &ny thing,

desirous to do or suffer, — tawatenwaya, tawajen-

uijyaqpi.
ta'-"wa-si, w. a helper ; a helpmate; a friend.
ta'-vra-si-tku, jj. his or her helper or friend.
ta'-vra-si-ya, v. a. to have for helper, — tawa^i-

waya.
ta'-Ava-ya, v. a. to possess any thing, have for

one's own, — tawawaya, tawauqyaqpi.
ta-'wa'-zu-zu-he-ea, n. intestinal worms, lum-

brici.
ta-xwi'-eu, n. his wife. See tawii).
ta-"W"i'-cu-tor), v. to have a wife, be married, —

tawicuwatoi), tawicuugtoiipi.
ta'-vri-no-Mir), n. a man's sister, — mitawino-

htii), nitawinohtii).
ta'-Tvi-no-Mig-ya, v. a. to have for tawinohtiij,

— tawinohtig waya.
ta-Tvir)', n. a wife, used only with the pro-
nouns : mitawii), my wife ; nitawiij, thy wife.
ta-vrig'-ya, v. a. to have sexual intercourse with

a woman, — tawiqwaya, tawigmayaij.
ta-wi'-toi), or ta-wir)toi), v. a. to have sexual

intercourse with a woman, — tawiwatoi), tawiuq-

toqpi. The former orthography is preferred.
ta-"wi'-ye-dai), «. the female of the common

deer, a doe or hind.

TAW

198

TIC

ta-'won', n. something to eat, food : tawon
manica : tawon toi], to have food.

ta-zu'-ka, n. white walnuts, butternuts.

ta-zu'-ka-hu, n. the butternut-tree, white walnut,
the Juglans cinerea.

ta'-za, n. waves.

ta'-za, adj. rough, as water agitated ; nina tara,
very rough.

ta-zo'-pa-'wi-'wi, n. waves without white caps.

ta-zu'-ska, n. the ant, ants, the emmet.

te, adj. blue stained. See ate.

te'-ca, adj. new, — mateca, niteca, uijtecapi.

t'e'-ea, ac?;'. warm, lukewarm, tepid, as v/ater. See
it'eca.

te'-ea-ya, adv. newly.

te'-ca-ya, v. a. to make new, renew, — tecawaya.

te'-ea-ya-ken, adv. newly.

te-han'-war)-kan, adv. high up, very high.

te-han'-"W"ar)-kan-tu, adv. very high.

te-han'-"war)-kan-tu-ya, adv. very high. *

te-han'-'war)-kan-tu-ya-ken, adv. loftily, high
up.

te'-hai), adj. far ; long, used both in regard to
time and place : tehaq wai, / have been to a great
distance ; tehai) waqmdaka, / saw it a long time.

te'-harj-hai), adv. red. of tehaij.

te'-har)-tar)-har), adv. from afar.

te'-hai)-tu, adv. far off, to or at a great distance.

te'-har)-tu-ya, adv. afar, far off.

te'-har)-tu-ya-ken, adv. far off.

te-M', adj. difficult, hard to be done or endured.

te-M'-M-ka, adj. red. of tehika.

te-hi'-hi-ya, adv. red. of tetiya.

te-M'-ka, adj. hard to do or bear, difficult ; dear,
costly, valuable ; hard to get along with, un-
reasonable,— mateMka.

te-M'-ke-da, v. a. to think hard or difficult ; to
value very much, — tehikewada, tefiikeuijdapi.

te-M'-ke-da-ka, v. Same as teBiikeda.

te-M'-ke-kl-da, v. pos. of teiikeda ; to value
one's own, — teliikewakida.

te-M'-ke-ki-da-ka, v. Same as teiikekida.

te-Mr)'-da, v. a. to forbid any one's doing or
having a thing, forbid any course of conduct,
prohibit, hinder ; to value very much, to be spar-
ing of, — tewahigda, teyahiijda, teui)hir)dapi.

te-hi'-ya, adv. hardly, with difficulty ; badly :
tehiya ecoi), to do with difficulty, to do badly ;
tehi sni ecoq, to do a thing easily.

te-M'-ya-ken, adv. with difficulty.

te-M'-ya-ku-Ava, v. a. to follow after for evil,
to treat badly, to persecute.

te-hmi'-SO, n. a leather string, a thong.

te-Rpi', n. a skin with the hair taken off worn as
a blanket.

te- ma-hen, adv. deep, far within.
te'-ma-hen-tu, adv. far down, deep down.
te'-ma-hen-tu-ya, adv. deeply, deep down.
tem-ki'-ei-ya, v. of temya ; to eat up provisions

of any kind /or another, — temwec'iya.
tem-ki'-ya, v. a. to eat up one's own ; to eat up

another'^s or for another, — temwakiya, temuijki-

yapi, temmakiya.
te-mni', v. n. to sweat ; to pant, give out, always

including the idea of sweating, — temamni, teni-

mni, teuijmnipi.
te-mni '-t a, v. n. to sweat very profusely, to die

of sweating : temni mata nup seda, it seems as

if I should die of sweating.
te-sdag', cont. of tesdaka.
te-sdag'-ki-tor), v. to put on or wear a crown or

filet on the head, — te^dagwetoi).
te-sdag'-toi), v. to put on or wear a fillet around

the head, — tesdagwatoq. See watesdake.
te-sda'-ka, v. to wear, as a crown or fillet, around

the head, — tawasdaka.
te-te', n. the rim of a kettle, the rim or lip of

any tiling.
te-te', adj. red. of te ; blue, grape-colored,
te-te '-nl-ea, «. the blue jay.
te-"war)'-har)-kaii, adv. high up.
te--war)'-har)-kan-tu, adv. up high.
te--war)'-har)-kaii-tu-ya, adv. high up.
te--war)'-har)-kan-tu-ya-ken, adv. up high.
te-warj'-kan, adv. high up. The better form is

tewaijhaijkan. Tewaijkantu and tewaijkantuya

are sometimes used, but not very correctly ; te-

wai)hai)kantu, etc., are better.
te-'wa'-pa, n. an esculent root, growing in the

water, which the Dakotas boil and eat.
te-'wa'-pa-a-he, «. a plant somewhat like the

tewapa, but not eaten.
te-"wa'-pa-hu, n. the stalk of the tewapa.
te-'wl'-ea-mni, n. of temni ; sweating.
te'-ya, n. When a man has more than one wife,

one calls the other teya.
te'-ya-ki-6i-ya-pi, ». those who stand in the

relation of teya to each other.
te'-ya-ku, n. her teya.
te'-ya-ya, v. a. to have one for teya, — teyawaya,

teyamayai).
te-zi', n. the stomach or paunch of animals ; the

gizzard of fowls ; tfie belly.
te-zi'-ksi-ze, n. the fat around the paunch.
ti, V. n. to live, dwell, abide, — wati, uijtipi.
ti, n. a house. See tipi.
ti'-a-no-ka-tar)-hai), adv. on both sides of the

house.
ti'-ca. See patica, to scrape off.'
ti-6a'-bu-dai), n. the pheasant.

TIC

199

TIY

ti-ea'-ga, v. to put up a tent, pitch a tent ; to

build a house, — tiwakaga, tiuqkagapi.
ti-ca'-har), part, scraped off.
ti'-ca-ni-ee, n. See tic'anicetaqka.
ti'-ca-ni-ee-tar)-ka, n. a species of curlew.
ti-ea'-tku, n. the part of tJie tent or house oppo-
site the door, the place of honor.
ti-ea'-tku-ta, adv. opposite the door.
ti-ea'-"wa-har), part, scraped off.
ti-ee', n. the top of a tent or house, the comb ;

the hole where the smoke goes out : tide iyakaska,

to tie up to the top of a tent.
ti-ee'-ir)-kpa, n. the top of a tent, the ridge of

a house.
ti-ce'-ska, n. the top of a tent, the ridge of a house.
ti-ee '-ska-o-lido-ka, n. the hole at the top of

the tent by which the smoke escapes.
ti'-dax), V. kici tidag, to take sides with one on a

question, to be on the same side in a game : mi^-

nana watidai), / am alone, that is, no one takes

my side, — ur)tipidai).
ti'-har)-inde, v. See tihaijmdeya.
ti'-hag-mde-ya, v. to have been acquainted

with in a former state of existence, — tihai)mde-

waya.
ti-hdo'-ni-ca, I', to forbid one's house, to prevent

others from coming in, — tiwahdonica.
ti-hu'-fia, «. the poles of a tent left standing, the

skeleton of a tent.
ti'-ha-ha, n. the manyplies or omasum of ani-
mals.
ti-kti'-ea, adj. thick, stiff as mush ; sticky.

Hence, cai)hai)pi tiktic'a, molasses.
ti'-ma-hen, adv. within, in the house or inclo-

sure.
ti'-ina-he-tai)-har), adv. from within.
ti'-ma-he-tu, adv. toithin.
ti-ma'-ta, v. to ask for, beg : timata hi, to come

begging.
ti-mdo', n. a woman's elder brother, my elder

brother : nitimdo, thy elder brother.
ti-mdo'-ku, n. her elder brother.
ti-mdo '-y a, v. a. to have for elder brother, — ti-

mdowaya.
tin, adv. cont. (ti and en) in the house : tin yaijka,

he is in the house ; also, cont. of tiijta, as, tin-

ma^tiijda, the hare.
ti'-na-zi-pe, n. of itazipe ; his bow, — mitinazipe,

nitinazipe.
tin '-ear) -nan, adv. out on the prairie.
tin'-kte, v. to kill in the house, to commit homi-
cide, in distinction from killing in war, — tinwakte,

tinwicakte.
tin'-ma-stir)'-ea, n. the hare, rabbit of the

prairie, the Lepus timidus.

in' "wa-ki-ye-dar), n. the house-pigeon ; the
turt.e dove.

tin'-'wl-ea-kte, v. a. to commit murder, — tinwi-
cawakte. Also, a murderer.

tin'--wi-ca-kte-pi, n. murder.

tiX)'-ak.o, adv. how large?

tii)'-sko-ke-ca, adv. how big? how large?

tir)'-sko-sko-ke-ca, adv. red. of tiijskokeca.

tii)'-sko-sko-ya, adv. red. of tiijskoya.

tig'-sko-ya, adv. how far around? how exten-
sively ?

tiri'-sko-dai), arfv. of what size? how small?

tir)'-ta, n. land without timber, the prairie,

til) '-tan, adv. on or at the prairie.

tin'-ta-O-skan, adv. on the prairie, far from
dwellings.

tir)'-ta-pa, adv. belonging to the prairie ; as,
tiijtapa wicasta, men of the prairie ; tiijtapa ia, to
speak as the men of the prairie do.

tir)'-ta-ta, adv. at or on the prairie.

tir)'-ta-ta-pa, adv. at the prairie.

tir)'-ta-"wa-pa, ac?v. on or towards the prairie.

tir)t'-0-skai), adv. on the prairie.

ti'-pa. See yutipa.

ti-pa'-har), part, drawn up, cramped ; crisped.

ti'-pa-hir), n. of ipahir) ; his pillow.

ti-pa'-wa-har), jiart. drawn up, cramped.

ti'-pi, n. a tent, house, dwelling, abode.

ti'-pi-vra-kai), n. a sacred house, a church.

ti'-psir), n. See tipsiijna.

ti'-psiQ-na, n. the Dakota turnip, a bulbous root
much eaten by the Dakotas in the beginning of
summer. It grows on the high dry prairies.

ti'-psiQ-na-ska, n. the white turnip.

ti'-psir)-na-zi, n. the rutabaga.

ti'-ska-kai), n. of i^kakaq ; the large sinew in
the neck of animals.

ti'-sko-na-gi, n, of iskonagi {the ghost of the leg) ;
the bunch of hair growing on the inside of a deer's
leg.

ti'-sti, n. of isti ; the lower lip of animals.

Ti'-tor)-'war), n. the name of the bands of Da-
kotas living on and beyond the Missouri. They
probably compose a majority of the whole nation.
Their language difiers from the dialects of the
other bands, especially in their use of I for d.

ti'-tor)-"war)-se, adj. proud, haughty, because
the Titoijwaijs are thought to be so.

ti-ur)'-na-ptar)-yar), n. the sides of a house,
sides of the roof.

ti-wa'-he, n. a household, including persons as
well as things.

ti-"Wo'-ta-he-dar), adv. away from any house.

ti-yan', cont. of tiyata.

ti-ya'-ta, adv. at the house, at home.

TIY

200

TOI

ti-ya'-ta-kl-ya, cdv. towards the house : tiyata-
kiya wahde kta, / will go towards home.

ti-yo'-he, n. a household.

ti-yo'-hna-ka, n. the household.

ti-yo'-ki-ta-he-dar), adv. between houses.

ti-yom', cont. of tiyopa.

ti-yom'-ya, v. a. to have or use for a door, —
tiyomwaya.

ti-yo'-pa, n. a door, the place of entrance ; that
which covers the entrance in a Dakota tent, a
door.

ti-yo'-pa-i-yo-ka-tku-ge, n. a nail, nails. So
called perhaps from their being first used among
the Dakotas only in making doors.

ti-yo'-pa-ta, adv. at the door.

ti-yo'-tl, V. to set up a soldiers' lodge, — tiyoiig-
tipi.

ti-yo'-ti-pi, n. a soldiers' lodge. This is esta-
blished for the purpose of making laws and pro-
viding for their execution. The object is generally
to regulate the buffalo chase.

ti-yo'-tot)-'wai), v. to look into a house.

ti-3ni'-kar), v. to leave the house. Said when the
women and children leave the tent for the men
to feast in.

tka, V. a. to scrape the hair off a hide, — watka,
ugtkapi.

tka, cmij. cont. of tuka ; hut.

tka'-pa, adj. adhesive, clammy.

tke, adj. heavy,

tke'-i-jru-ta, v. a. to take up and feel the weight,
to weigh, — tkeimduta.

tke-tke', adj. red. of tke.

tke-u'-ta, V. a. to weigh any thing, — tkeuwata.

tke-u'-ta-pi, n. og tkeutapi, scales, a steel-yard.

tke'-ya, adv. heavily : tkeya ^q, she carries
heavily.

tkir), adj. damp, said of a less degree of wet than
is denoted by spaya.

tkir)'-tkir), red. of tkii).

tki-tka', adj. slushy, as snow when soft.

tki-tka'-tka, adj. red. of tkitka.

tkor)-sa', n. a cipher, in arithmetic.

tkor)-sa', a. even, just, exactly : wikcemna nom
tkoijsa, just twenty.

tkoij-se'-dar), adj. even, in numbers, as twenty,
thirty, etc.

tkori'-za, adj. even. See tkoi)sa.

tku. See yutku, natku, etc.

tku'-ga. See katkuga.

tku-ga'-hai), part, broken off.

tku-ga'-vra-har), part, broken off.

tkuQ-sa', adj. even, just so muck. See tkoijsa.

tkuQ-sa'-ya, adv. evenly.

tkurjs-ya', adv. evenly.

tkur)'-za, adj. even, sqttare with.

tku-tku', red. of tku.

tku-tku'-ga, red. of tkuga.

tku-tku'-ga-hai), part, broken off in several
plates.

tku-tku'-ga-"wa-har), part, broken off.

tku-"wa'-har), part, broken off, as a spoon-
handle, flawed : tkuwahe se mahiqhda ; said
when one's legs are very tired and refuse further
support.

to, adv. interrog. cont. of toke(5a ; why ? This is
used at the end of the sentence ; as, edanofl ^ni
to, why don't you do it ?

to, adj. blue ; green, and the intermediate shades.

to, for ta, pron. Used in some cases when the
noun commences with wo, as, wodagniye, anger ;
tocaqniye, his anger.

to'-eai)-te-ptaQ-ye, n. his wrath.

tog, cont. of toki and tokeca.

tog'-e-hpe-ki-ya, v. a. to lose any thing, throw
away one knows not where, — togehpewakiya.

tog'-e-hpe-ya, v. a. to lose any thing, — toge-
hpewaya, togehpeuijyagpi.

tog-hda', V. a. to count as a stranger, not to be
familiar with, to be shy of, — togwahda, toguq-
hdapi : toghda &m, to be familiar with.

tog-tog'-ye, adv. red. of togye ; in different
ways.

tog-ye', adv. in a different manner, differently.

to-han', adv. when, at what time ?

to-han'-han, adv. red. of tohan ; at what times t

to-han'-tu, adv. when?

to-han'-tu-ka-sta, adv. whenever, at any time.

to-han'-tu-ya-ka-sta, adv. whenever.

to-hai)', adv. how far, to what place, where?

to-hai)'-har), adv. red. of tohaq ; at what places ?
how far ?

to-hai)'-hai)-ke-ea, adv. red. of tohagkeca.

to-hai)'-har)-yar), adv. red. of tohaijyag.

to-hag'-ke-ea, arff. how fon^r .? usually referring
to space.

to-har)'-yai), adv. how long, to what time ? how
far, to what place ?

to '-he, n. his place, his camp.

to'-hii)-ni, adv. when ? This word is an inter-
rogative, always referring to past time ; as, to-
liiijni yahdi he, when didst thou come home?
With ' sni ' following, it is used affirmatively, and
means never ; as, tohiqni ecamoi) ^ni, / never
did it.

to'-ho-"wir)-ni, adv. See tohiijni, which seems to
be the better orthography.

to'-hta-nl, n. his or her work, — mitohtani, nito-
htani. See widohtani.

^o'-i-yo-ki-tar)-ir), n. his manifestation.

TOK

201

TOK

to-ka', adv. at the first.

to'-ka, n. an enemy, one of a hostile nation.

to'-ka, adv. See t6kadai) : toka e($amoi) ^ni, I

cannot do it.
to'-ka-dai), adv. with ini following, in no way ;

as, tokadai) ecamoq ^ni, / could do it in no

way.
to-ka'-dar), «. the prairie dog, a kind of fox.
to-kag'-e-har), adv. at the first, formerly.
to-ka'-har), v. n. to travel foremost, to be fore-
most,— tokawahai).
to-ka '-he, n. the first, the beginning.
to-ka'-he-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to go before, —

tokaliewakiya.
to-ka'-he-ya, n. the first.
to-ka'-he-ya, adv. at the first, before : tokaheya

ya, to go before.
to'-ka-hu, n. the thistle, Carduus lanceolaius.
to-kah', adv. at the first.
to-ka'-Mf), adv. at the first, the very first.
to-ka'-Ma, n. See tokahtayetu.
to-ka'-hta-ye-tu, n. the first of the night, dusk.
to'-ka-ki-ei-ya-pi, n. enemies, those who are at

variance loith each other.
to'-ka-kl-eor), v. of tokoi) ; to do to, for one : to-

kamiyecoi), what hast thou done with it for me ?

— tokawecor), tokacicor), John xiii. 12.
to-ka'-ke-har), adv. at the first. See tokagehai).
to-kam', cont. of tokapa ; kahin tokam ya, to go

before, break the road.
to'-ka-mor), v. Ist pers. sing, of tokoij.
to'-ka-no-ge, n. {enemies'' ears), a species of red

fungus growing on logs.
to'-ka-nor), v. 2d pers. sing, of tokoi).
to-kar)', n. another, as, another person : tokaq

tawa, it is another^.
to-kar)', arfv. in another place, elsewhere ; another

way : tokai) ui), to be somewhere else ; tokai)

ehnaka, to put somewhere else.
to-kar)'-kar), red. of tokaq.
to-kar) '-tar)-hai), arfi). from another source, place,

or person.
to-kaij'-yar), adv. having reference to another

place.
to-ka'-o-hdo-ka. See tokawohdoka and toka-

yuhdokeca.
to-ka'-pa, n. the first, first bom, eldest, — mato-

kapa, nitokapa, ui)tokapapi.
to-ka'-pa-tar)-haQ, adv. ahead, before ; i. q.

tokata taijhai).
to-ka'-ta, adv. before, ahead, forioard ; future,

yet to come : tokata ihai), to be yet future.
to-ka'-ta, n. the future : tokata ekta.
to-ka'-tam, adv. cont. of tokatapa : tokatam yeye

ciq, in future, what is ahead.
26

to-ka'-ta-pa, adv. in advance, in future.

to-ka'-ta-pa-tar)-har), adv. ahead, future.

to-ka'-ta-Ava-pa, adv. in advance, ahead.

to-ka'-tor)-pi, n. first birth, one's birth.

to-ka'-VTO-Rdo-ka, n. an inventor. See toka-
yuhdokeo'a.

to'-ka-ya, v. a. to count one as an enemy, — t6ka-
waya, tokanijyaijpi, tokamayai). ,

to-ka'-3ru-Rdo-ke-ca, v. to invent any thing, —
tokamduhdokeca.

to'-ke, adv. how ? John ix. 8.

to'-ke-ca, adj. different, another : wica^ta tokeca,
another man, — matokeca, nitokeda, uqtokecapi :
tomakeca, tonikeca, toui)kecapi — with this use
of the pronouns it expresses the idea of how am
I? etc.

to'-ke-ca, adv. why, wherefore ? tokeca hec'anoi)
he, why did you do it ? hetai)hai) tokeca, it
makes no difference.

to'-ke-ca-ce, adv. why ?

to'-ke-ea-e, adv. why ?

to'-ke-ca-ka-cen, adv. for no reason.

to'-ke-eil), adv. any how.

to'-ke-eir)-6ir), adv. any how, as one pleases :
tokeciqciq waui), I do just as I please.

tO-keR', adv. however, at any rate, at all events,
any how : tokeh da esta ciyahna waui) kta, go
where you will I will be with you ; tokeh ecanoi)
e^ta duhe kte ^ni, do as you will you shall not
have it.

to'-ke-hir), adv. howsoever. See tokeh.

to'-ken, adv. how, in what toay ?

to'-ken-eir)-eir), adv. in any way, as it happens.

to'-ken-ken, adv. red. of token.

to'-ken-ken-tu, adv. in whatever way.

to'-ken-ken-tu-ya, adv. in tvhat way soever.

to'-ken-tken, adv. See tokenkcn.

to'-ke-tu, adv. how is it ? as it is : toketu kii)
ecen omdake kta, / will tell it as it is ; toketu
he, how is it ? what is the matter? toniketu, how
is it with thee ? used in inquiring of one who is
sick, how are you ? toketu taijii) sni, how it is is
not manifest, an expression often used when a
thing ia doubtful : toketu kakes, as it happens ;
toketu ka^ta, at all events, at any rate ; toketu
kasta mde kta, whatever happens I will go.

to'-ke-tu-ya, adv. toketuya ka^ta, in whatever
way ; toketuya ke^, at random : toketuya kakeiS.

to'-kes, adv. tokes he niye se wacaijmi, I thought
that was you ; tokes he miye mi^ica, as though
I meant myself, that is, / do not mean myself.

to'-ke-sta, adv. of assent ; presently, at any rate :
tokesta ecamoi) kta, / loill do it presently.

to'-ki, adv. where? somewhere: toki skadaq, no-
where.

TOK

202

TOP

to-kl'-ei-eor), v. of toki^oij ; to take vengeance

on for one, — toweci(Joq, toui)lrici(Joi)pi.
to-ki'-ei-ksu, v. of toksu ; to transport for one,

— toweciksu, touijkicik^upi.
to'-ki-6or)-ze, n. his law or determination.
to-ki'-dor), v. a. to revenge, take vengeance on, —

towe(Joi), toui)ki(Joi)pi.
to'-ki-dar), adv. where ; used with ^ni, nowhere:

tokidai) mde kte sni, / will go nowhere ; tokidaq

wai sni, / went nowhere.
to'-kl-e-hpe-ki-ya, v. a. to drop somewhere, lose

any thing, — tokiehpewakiya.
to'-ki-e-hpe-ya, v, a. to lose, drop somewhere, —

tokiehpewaya, tokiehpeuijyaripi.
to'-ki-i-ya-ye-s'a, n. one who is gone much ; a

strumpet ; i. q. inaimaqpi.
to-kir)', adv. oh that, I wish ; tokiq mduhen, oh

that I had it. An ' n ' follows the use of this

word, commonly at the end of the sentence or

phrase, as in ' mduhen ' of the above example.
tO-kiQs', adv. well, with difficulty : tokiijs ma^u.
to'-ki-ska-dai), adv. nowhere : toki skad.
to'-ki-ya, adv. where ? in what place ?
to'-ki-yam, adv. cont. of tokiyapa ; where ? in

what direction ?
to'-ki-ya-pa, adv. where ?
to'-kl-ya-tar)-har), adv. whence, from what

place ?
to'-ki-ya-'wa-pa, adv. where, in what place ?
to-ki-yo'-pe-ki-ci-ya-pi, n. barter, exchange.
to-ki-yo'-pe-ki-ya, v. a. to barter, exchange one

thing for another with one, — tokiyopewakiya :

tokiyopeciciya, / exchange with thee.
to-ki-yo'-pe-ya, v. a. to barter, exchange one

thing for another, — tokiyopewaya, tokiyopeuij-

yaijpi.
to-ki'-yo-tai), adv. in what direction ? how or in

what manner it is or will be : tokiyotai) taijii)

tei, it does not appear how it is.
to-ki'-yo-tag-hat), adv. in what direction, from

what course ?
to'-kor), V. a. to do, — tokamog, tokanog, tokui)-

t:oppi : takudai) tokamoq sni, / am doing no-
thing.
to-ko'-yu-star), v. a. to displace, dislocate, put

one in the place of another, — tokomdusta^, toko-

mayustafl.
to'-ksa-pe, n. his wisdom, — nitoksape.
tok'-sta, adv. See tokesta.
to-ksu', V. a. to transport, carry, draw ; to go

back and bring, — towaksu, touijksupi.
tok-tog'-ye, adv. red. of togye ; in different

ways.
tok-to'-ke-ea, adj. red. of tokeca ; different.
torn, cont. of topa ; four.

tom'-na-na, adv. only four.

tom'-tom, adv. red. of torn ; by fours, four and

four.
to'-na, adv. how many ? which ? tona ee he,

which are they ?
to'-nag-na, adv. how many ? otoiyohi tonagna

yuhapi kta, how many shall each one have ?
to'-nag-nag, adv. how many ? tonagnag yuhapi

kte.
to'-nag-na-ke-ca, adv. red. of tonakeca ; how

many ?
to'-nag-na-na, adv. red. of tonana.
to'-na-ka, adv. how many ? nitonakapi, how

many are there of you ?
to'-na-ke-ca, adv. how many ? how much ?
to'-na-ki-ya, adv. how many, how many times ?

in how nmny ways ?
to'-na-na, adv. a few : tonana hiij, very few ;

Ufltonanaqpidaq, we are few.
to'-nai)g-nar)g, cont. See tonagnag.
tojT), V. a. to have, to give birth to, as, c'iijca toij,

to have a child, to possess, acquire, — watoij, ui)-

to^pi.
tor), V. n. to form pus, to suppurate : tog kta.
tor), n. matter, pus : toi) yuke kta.
torj'-har), v. a. to be afraid of, — toijwahag, tog-

ui)hai)pi, toijmahag.
tor)'-he-ea, v. a. to be afraid of, as of a person

or animal, — toijwaheca.
tor)'-na, v. dim. of toq ; to have ; used in speaking

of children, — watoijna, yatoijna.
tor)'-pl, n. birth, — matoflpi, uijtoijpi.
tor)-ska', n. a nephew, my nephew, — mitog^ka,

nitoQska. The women say to^ka.
tOT)-ska'-ku, n. his nephew.
tor)-ska'-ya, v. a. to have for nephew, — tog^ka-

waya.
tor) '-tor), v. red. of toi).
toi)-tor)'-tar)-ka, n. the bull-frog, Jiana ocel-

lata.
tor)-'war)', v. n. to look, see, — watogwag, ui)tog-

waijpi.
tor)-"war)'-hai), part, looking, seeing : toijwaij-

har) mai)ka.
tor)-Avag'-yar), v. n. to make a village, dwell at

a place, — toijwaguijyagpi.
torj-'we'-ya, v. a. to cause one to see, give sight

to, — togwewaya.
tor)-"we'-ya, v. n. to go to see, to go as a spy, go

before a war party to spy out the enemy, — tofl-

wemda, toi)weugyai)pi.
torj-yaj)', v. n. to suppurate.
to'-o-pe, n. his law, — mitoope, nitoope. See

woope.
to'-pa, num. adj. four.

TOP

203

TUK

to'-pa-ki-ya, adv. in four ways, four times.

top'-to-pa, adj. red. of topa.

to-ska'-dai), n. the common woodpecker.

to-sti'-ea-du, n. See tusticadu and tuskicadii.

tos, adv. yes, yea. Used by both men and women.

to-ska', n. a nephew, my nephew, — mitoska, nito-
ska. This form is used by the women. See toij^ka.

to-ska'-ku, n. her nepheiv.

to'-skarj-skai), n. his moving about ; his king-
dom,— nitoskaijskai).

to-ska'-ya, v. a. to have for toika, — toskawaya.

to-su', n. a tent-pole, tent-poles.

to-tar)'-har), adv. whence, from what place ? from
what time ?

to-to', adj. red. of to.

to-to'-dar), n. blue beads ; green beads.

to'-vra-kar), n. his wakaij or spirit.

to-vra'-na-ke-ea, adv. so many, how many
soever ; so much, by how much.

to-'war)'-zi-ea, n. the blue sky, all blue.

to'-'wa-or)-si-da, n. his mercy, — nitowaoi)^ida.

to'-vra-s'a-ke, «. Ms power or strength, — nito-
was'ake.

to'-wa-ste, n. his goodness, — nitowaste.

to'-'wi-ca-ke, n. his truth, — nitowic'ake.

to'-'wirj-ze, n. his bed, — mitowiijie, nitowiijie.

to-ya', V. a. to dye or paint any thing blue or
green.

to'-ya, adv. in a blue or green manner.

to-ya'-ken, adv. in a blue or green form.

to-zar)', n. a niece ; my niece when the person is
addressed, — mitozai), nitozag. This form is used
by tlie women, and tuiar) by the men.

to-zar)'-ku, n. her niece. See tozaij.

to-zar)'-ya, v. a. to have for a niece, — toiai)-
waya.

tpa, pos. prefix of some verbs, as, pagai), tpagai) ;
patan, tpatai).

tpa, adj. durable ; Iiaving the property of swell-
ing ; said of things that increase in bulk by boil-
ing, as corn, rice, etc.

tpa and tpe, adj. noge tpa, deaf; lita. tpa, blind.
This probably conveys the idea of putting out or
piercing. See katpa.

tpa-gar)', v. pos. of pagai) ; to leave or separate
from one's own ; to spare or part with one^s own,
— watpagaq, yatpagai), uijtpagaijpi. Same as
kpagaij.

tpa-hi', V. pos. of pahi ; to gather or pick up one's
own, — watpahi, uijtpahipi. Same as kpahi.

tpa-mde'-ea, v. pos. of pamdeca ; to break in
pieces one's own, — watpamdeca.

tpar), adj. soft, as dressed leather ; fine, as flour.

tpar)'-na, adj. soft, fine.

tpar)'-tpar)-na, adj. red. of tpaijna; soft.

tpaq-yar)', v. a. to dress, as skins, m,akesoft, tan,

as leather, — tpagwaya, tpaquriyaijpi. Same as

kpaijyai).
tpa-spa', V. to put out of sight, push under, as

in water, i. q. paospa, — watpaspa. See atpaspa.
tpas-ya', v. a. to make dark, — tpaswaya, tpas-

ui)yai)pi.
tpa'-ta, V. pos. of pata ; to carve or cut up one's

own, as a slaughtered animal, — watpata, uijtpa-

tapi.
tpa-ta', v. a. pos. of pat4 ; to join together as

skins in making one's own tent, — watpatfi..
tpa-tar)', v. a. pos. of pataq ; to keep choice, set

store by one's own, be sparing of it, — watpatai), ui)-

tpataqpi.
tpa'-za, adj. dark.
tpa'-za, n. darkness. See otpaza.
tpe. Same as tpa.
tpe'-ya, adv. tpeya haq, said of a hole which

runs in straight : tpeya apa, to strike any thing

and make a sound.
tpi, adj. breaking open. See patpi.
tpi-har)', part, cracked open of itself.
tpi-tpi'-hai), part. red. of tpihag.
tpu-tpa', adj. mixed up, slightly turbid, as water,

i. q. mdezedai) sni.
tpu-tpe'-ya, adv. in a roiled manner.
tpu-tpu'-vra-har) and tpuvrahar), part, crum-
bled.
tuh-ma'-ga, n. bees ; wasps, hornets, etc.
tuh-nia'-g;a-6ar)-hai)-pi, n. honey.
tuh-ma'-ga-ce-sdl, n. bee^s-wax ; honey.
tuh-ma'-ga-tarj-ka, n. the humble-bee.
tu-ka', conj. but.
tu'-ka. See katuka.
tu-ka'-es, adv. but.

tu-ka'-har), part, spoiled, destroyed, said of furs.
tu-kag', n. See tuijkag.
tu-kas', adv. but. See tukaes.
tu-ka'-"wa-har), part, spoiled, said of furs.
tu-ki'-ha, n. a spoon, a ladle : maza tukiha, a

metallic spoon.
tu-ki'-ha-sar), n. muscle shells ; muscles, oysters.
tu-kta'. Same as tukte ; not in common use.
tu-kta'-dar), adv. See tuktedag.
tu-kte', pron. interrog. uhich ? uijma tukte,

which of the two ? tukte eha;), when ? tukte e,

which is it ?
tu-kte'-dai), adv. with the negative im, nowhere :

tuktedai) ui) ^ni, it is nowhere.
tu-kte '-kte, prrni. red. of tukte.
tu-kte '-kten, adv. red. of tukten ; sometimes, once

in a while, now and then; in some places.
tu-kten', adv. (tukte and en) where? in tohat
place ?

TUK

204

TUIJ

tu-kte'-tu, adv. at what place ?

turn, n. the whistling or whizzing sound made by
a flying bullet.

tuQ-kar)', n. a father-in-law : nitupkai), thy fa-
ther-in-law ; tuijkaqku, his father-in-law : a
grandfather. In the sacred language, a stone, and
the moon. See tuijkaiiM and turikaijsidai).

tui)-kar)'-ki-si-tku, n. his or her grandfather.

tur)-kar)'-ksi-tku, n. Same as tuqkaijkisitku.

tur)-kag'-ku, n. his or her father-in-law. See
tur)kai).

tui)-kar)'-si, n. my father-in-law : nituijkai), thy
father-in-law ; nituijkaijsi, thy grandfather ; ni-
tui)kai)4ipi, your father-in-law.

tuQ-kaq'-si-deir), n. a grandfather, my grand-
father : nituijkarisi, thy grandfather.

tUI)-kar)'-si-daQ-ya, v. n. to have for grand-
father,— tuijkai) sidai) waya.

tur)-kar)'-si-na, n. (Ihaijk.) Same as tuijkaijsi-
dai).

tur)-kar)'-si-tku, n. his or Iter grandfather.

tur)-kar)'-si-ya, v. a. to have for tuijkaijsi, —
tui)kai)siwaya.

tur)-kar)'-ya, v. a. to have for t\ir)ka,T), — tngkai)-
waya.

tvLQ-vrai)', n. a style of arrows, — mitu^wai),
nituqwai).

tun-'wl'-eu, n. his or her aunt. See tuijwii).

tui)-vn.'-CU-ya, v. a. to have for one's aunt, —
tugwicuwaya.

tUQ-vrir)', m. aunt,my aunt ; miViX)\y'v[i, thy aunt.
This word has the sense of aunt in English, though
a mother's sisters are called ina, mother.

tui)-'wir)'-ya, v. a. to have for aunt, — tugwii)-
waya.

tur)-zar)', n. a niece, my niece, — mitugiai), ni-
tuqiai). Tuijzai) and tuzai) are both in good
usage. A man's brother's children and a woman's
sister's children are considered as children, and
are not called tori^ka and tuqiaq.

tuQ-zar)'-ku, «. his niece.

tur)-zai)'-ya, v. a. to have for niece, — tuqiaij-
waya.

tu-par)'-k£L, n, the black bass.

tu-sda', n. the leech.

tu-ski'-ea-du, n. a fan. See tustidadu.

tu-Sti'-ca-du, n. a fan ; a wing.

tu-ta', adj. smarting, chapped by the wind : ite
matuta, my face is chapped,

til-tka', n. small insects. See watutka.

tu-tka'-dai), n. small insects.

tu-tka'-tka, n. small articles, trinkets.

tu-tu'-pa, adj, slippery, ropy, slimy. Hence

pe tutupa, the slippery elm..
tu'-vre, pron. interrog. who ? rarely which ?

tu'-"we-dar), pron. used with ^ni following ; no
one, nobody : tuwedai) eiioi) ^ni, no one did it.

tu'-'we-ka-Sta, pron. whoever.

tu'--we-ska and tu^w^eskadai), n. nobody.

tu'-'we-ta-'wa, pron. whose ?

tu'-'we-'we, pron. red. of tuwe.

tu-zai)', n. a niece, my niece, — mituiai), nituiaq :
tuiai)ku, his niece. See tui)iai).

tu-zar)'-ku, n. his niece. See tuiaij.

tu-zai)'-ya, v. a. to have for niece, — tuiaqwaya,
tuiai)uijyai)pi.

T.

t, the twenty-fourth letter of the Dakota alphabet.
It has the click sound of t, and corresponds to
''^,' 'W and 'p.'

ta, V. n. to die, — mata, nita, uijtapi.

ta'-ga, adj. rough.

taBi-ta'-ga, adj. red. of taga ; rough, not smooth.

ta-ta', adj. palsied, withered, numb, — matata.

ta-ta'-ka, adj. palsied, — matataka.

te, V. n. to die. See ta.

te-ea.', adj. dead: ho ieoa, dead fish.

te'-ca-kis and tecakisya, adv. in a dying
state.

te'-6a-ya and tecayaken, adv. in a dead
state.

te-ea'-ze-yar), adv. half dead.

te'-ho-"Wa-ya, v. n. to cry out badly, to scream,
— watehowamda.

te'-ho-'wa-ye-ya, v. a. to cause to cry out, — te-
h o way e waya.

te-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to die, — tewakiya.

te-ko', V. See tekoq.

te-kor)', V. to wish one dead, to imprecate, — \e-
wakoq.

te-ya', v. a. to cause to die, — tewaya.

til), V. n. (Sisit.) to die, — matiq. Same as ta.

tiq'-ga, V. n. to snivel, to grunt ; to labor, as a
woman in travail, — watiqga, uqtiqgapi.

til)-s'a', adv. fast, tightly, fixedly, permanently.

tir)-s'a'-dar), adv. firmly, permanently, establish-
ed : tiqs'adaq maqke ^ni, / am not established.

tir)S-ya', v. a. to make firm, — tiqswaya : tiqsi-
(Jiya, to restrain oneself, — tii)smi(Jiya.

tir)S-ya', adv. firmly.

tii)''Za, adj. stiff, as mud ; firm, hard, fast.

tos'-ya, adv. of toia ; bluntly.

to'-za, adj. dull, pointless.

tur)g-ya', v. a. to suspect, have a suspicion of a
thing,— tuqgwaya, tuqguqyaqpi.

tur)'-ka, V. See tuqkec'a.

tui)'-ke-6a, v. n. to be suspicious ; to be sus-
pected,— matuqkeda.

u

205

Ul^N

u.

U, the twenty-ffth letter of the Dakota alphabet,
with the sound of EngUsh ' oo,' as in moon.
When preceded by 'y,' or followed by a nasal
' 1),' it is somewhat modified.

U, V. n. to come, to he coming, — wau, yau, uijku-

Pi-

u-ka', n. the skin, hide, especially the stin of a

living animal.
U-ki'-ta, V. pos. of uta ; to try, prove, as any new

thing, — uqwakita, uui)kitapi.
u-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to come, — uwakiya.
U-ku'-hu, intj. When a deer is brought into

camp, the children shout ' ukuhu,' i. q. wahdi-

as'api.
U-ku'-hu-hu, intj. When an elk is brought in

they sing ' ukuhuhu.' — S. W. Pond.
u'-ma, n. hazel-nuts.
u'-ma-hu, n. hazel-hushes.
U-mar)', adj. the one, the other. See ui)ma.
u-niar)'-na, adj. See uijmana.
u-inar)'-na-peir)--war)-ka, adj. See urimana-

pciqwaqka.
UQ, V. n. to he : en uij, to he in, — waui),yaui), ui)-

yakoi)pi.
UI), V. a. to use any thing, have for use, — muq,

nui), ui)kui)pi.
ur), pron. in comp. we, us.
ur)'-ca, V. a. to mock, imitate, ridicule one, —

uijwada, uquqcapi, uijmaca.
ur)-ei', n. a grandmother, my grandmother ; ni-

kurjsi, thy grandmother : kuijk^itku, his or her

grandmother ; the sun, in the sacred language.

A woman calls her mother-in-law 'ui)di.'
UQ-ei'-dai), n. dim. of uqdi.
up'-ci-hi, V. n. to have attained one's groieth ; to

he able to take care of oneself , — uqmacihi, uijnici-

hi, ui)ui)cihipi.
UI)'-ei-hi-ya, v. a. to cause to sustain oneself ; to

raise, train up to manhood, — uijdihiwaya.
ur)-ci'-si, n. a mother-in-law, my mother-in-law :

nikur)si, thy mother-in-law. This is said to be

the proper word for mother-in-law, but shortened

by the women into uijci.
ur)-el'-si-ea-dai), n. the crow, crows, the Corvus

americanus.
iir)-ei'-si-dar), n. dim. of uqci^i.
ur)-ci'-si-ya, v. a. to have one for uijciii, —

uqcisiwaya.
ur)-ei'-ya, v. a. to have for ui)ci, — uijdiwaya.
ur)'-eor)-ni-ca, v. n. to give up, yield, not try to

escape ; to be prevented, penned up, — uijma^oij-

nida.
UQ'-^oq-nin, v. n. cont. of uij^oqnida.

ur)'-cor)-nin-ya, v. a. to obstruct, prevent from
escaping, frighten so as to make unable to
escape — ui) ^oqninwaya.

ur)'-eoQ-nin-ya, adv. prevented : ui)^oi)ninya
naiii).

ui)'-eur)-ni-ca, v. See ui^doquica.

ur)'-eur)-nin-ya, adv. See uijdoijninya.

ur)'-har)-ke-ta, adv. at length, after a while, at
the end.

ur)'-hda-ka, v. n. to move, he moving about ; to
travel about with a family, pitching one's tent at
short stages : ui)hdaka waui), / am moving ; uij-
hdaka uijyakoijpi, we are camping.

uQ'-kar), conj. and.

ur)'-kar)s, conj. if; the sign of the subjunctive
mood, and usually of past time.

ur)-k6e', v. n. to defecate ; to break wind, — uqwa-
kde, ui)ui)kdepi.

UI)-kce', M. faeces; breaking wind.

ur)-k6e'-ki-Ra, n. the magpie.

ur)-kee'-pa-hini-yar)-yai), n. the beetle, the
tumble-bug.

ur)-ki', pron. in comp., with ' pi ' at the end of the
word ; we ; us.

ur)-ki'-ta, pron. pos. in comp., with ' pi ' at the end
of the word ; ours.

ur)-ki'-ta-"wa, pron. dual ; ours, that is, thine
and mine.

ur)-ki'-ta-'wa-pi, jyron. plur. ours.

ur)-kis', ^jroM. we, ourselves.

urj-kis'-na-na, pron. dual ; we two alone: plur.
uijkisnaijpidai).

ui)-ki'-ye, pron. we, we two ; us.

ui)-ki'-ye-ke, pron. we ourselves.

ur)-ki'-ye-pi, pron. plur. we ; us.

Urj-kte'-M, n. the Dakota god of the waters ; a
fabled monster of the deep ; the whale : an ex-
tinct animal, the bones of which are said to be
sometimes found by the Indians, probably the
mastodon.

UQ-kto'-mi, n. the spider ; also a fabulous crea-
ture, a Dakota god.

ur)'-ksu, n. a woman's work-bag ; i. q. par)bo-
tuka.

vii)'-ksu-dar), n. dim. of uijk^u ; a reticule.

ur)'-ina, adj. the one, the other : ui)ma tukte,
which of the two ? uijma itoto, one after the other,
turn about.

■ur)'-ma-na, adj. with ini following, neither : ui)-
mana iwacu ^ni, / took neither.

ur)'-nia-na-peir)-"war)-ka, num. adj. nineteen.

uq'-na, V. dim. of U5, to he, and ui), to use.

ug'-na-har), adv. at last ; i. q. uijhaijketa.

ur)-na'-ptar), adj. sideling: he uqnaptai) and
liuijnaptafl, a tide hill.

UIJP

206

WAA

ui)'-pa, V. a. to place or leave, as a boat ; to raise
for oneself, as a dog or girl, — wauijpa, ui)kui3-
papi.

ur)'-pa, V. n. to smoke, as tobacco, — ugmuripa,
ui)nui)pa, uqkugpapi. See caqnuijpa.

UQ-sir)', n. the small end of a porcupine quill ;
the large quills in the porcupine's tail.

ui)-stai)', V. imperat. stop, quit. Used only in
this form.

ur)-tkar)'-na, adv. much. See utkaijna.

ur)-ya'-kor)-pi, v. 1st pers. plur. we are.

u-par)', n. the female of the elk, or Cervus alces.

u-pi', n, the tail of a bird ; the lower border of a
garment.

u-pi'-zi-ea, n. a yellow-tailed hawk.

u-pi'-za-ta, n. the forked-tailed swallow.

u-psis'-ya, adv. muddily : upsisya wa^ka.

u-psi'-za, n. mud.

u-sku'-ye-ea, «. the acorns of the white oak :
uskuyeca cai), the white oak.

u-sku'-ye-ea-hu, n. the white oak, Quercus
alba,

u-spar)'-spar)-he-ea, n. the iron loood or Iwm-
beam, perhaps the Ostrya virginica.

u-sdo'-ni-ya, n. a mineral spring ; mineral
sediment deposited from water, as sulphate of
iron or copperas. This word would seem to be
formed from u, to come, sdo, to melt or liquefy,
as metals, and niya, to breathe, as if the metal
came out liquefied by the earth's breath.

u-sdo'-'Wi-'wi, n. a swamp with a yellow sedi-
ment.

U-si', V. a. to command to come, send, — uwasi.

U-star)', V. imperat. only; stop. See uijstai).

u'-ta, n. an acorn, acorns, black oak acorns.

u'-ta, V. a. to try, taste any thing, to attempt, try
to do a thing — uwata, uijkutapi.

U-tkar)'-na, adv. much, a great deal.

u-tkari'-tkaq-na, adv. red. of utkaijna.

u-tu'-h.u, n. the black oak, Quercus nigra.

u'-'wa, V. imperat. ccnne. Used by women.

U-ya', V. n. to come ; to become : sniyai) uya, it
is becoming cold : to grow, spring up, as grass.

U-ye'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to grow or spring up,
— uyewakiya.

U-ye'-ya, v. a. to cause to come, — uyewaya.

w.

■W, the twenty-sixth letter of the Dakota alphabet,
having the same sound that it has in the begin-
ning of words in English.

"wa, pron, in comp. I.

"wa, n. snow.

wa, v. n. to mow. See wapa.

"wa, an abbreviation of wahaijksida.

wa, a prefix. When used with verbs it usually
puts them in the absolute or intransitive state.
In some cases it forms of them nouns denoting
the agent or actor. Indeed, the absolute forms
may all be so used ; as, wanikiya, a saviour.
When prefixed to nouns, it makes their significa-
tion more general.

wa-a'-eag-ksi, v. n. of caijksi ; to be ill-tem-
pered, out of humor ; to be threatening every
one, — waadanwaksi.

■wa-a'-eaij-ksi-ya, adv. in a cross, surly man-
ner.

"wa-a'-hda, v. of ahda ; to take home, — waawahda.

wa-a'-hde-ea, v. to take home ; one who takes
home, — waawahdeda.

■wa-a'-hdi, v. See wahdi.

■wa-a'-ho-tar)-ka, n. one who bawls out, one
who vociferates, — waahowataijka.

■wa-a'-ho-tor), n. something that makes a noise,
as thunder, etc.

■wa-a'-i-a, v. of aia ; to talk about, to slander, —
waawaia, waaurjkiapi.

wa-a'-i-a-pi, n. a talking against, slander ; con-
sultation.

^va-a'-i-a-ti-pi, n. a council-house.

wa-a'-i-e-s'a, n. a slanderer, a tattler.

■wa-a'-ka-ga, v. of akaga ; to add to ; to trans-
gress ; to m,ake a lie on ; to blaspheme, — waawa-
kaga.

wa-a'-ka-ga-pi, n. making on, blasphemy.

•wa-a'-ka-hpa, v. of akahpa ; to cover, — waawa-
kahpa.

"wa-a'-ka-lipe, n. a covering. See woakahpe.

■wa-a'-ki-ei-ya-tar)-ir), n. manifestation.

•wa-a'-kl-ktorj-za, v. of akiktoi)ia ; to forget, —
waawektoijza. See wakiktoijia.

■wa-a'-ki-ktOQ-za-pi, n. forgetfulness. See wa-
kiktoi)iapi.

"wa-a'-kin, cont. of waakita.

■wa-a'-ki-ni-ca, v. of akinida; to dispute ; one
who disputes, — waawakinica.

wa-a'-ki-ni-ea-pi, n. disputation.

•wa-a'-ki-nin, cont. of waakinida ; waakinin
uqpi, they are disputing.

•wa-a'-ki-nin-ya, arff . in the way of disputing.

"wa-a'-kl-ta, v. of akita ; to hunt, seek, — waawa-
kita.

"wa-a'-mdes, cont. of waamdeza.

■vira-a'-inde-za, v. to be observing, to be clear-
sighted,— waawamdeza.

wa-a'-na-go-ptar), v. of anagoptaij ; to listen to,
obey, be obedient, — waanawagoptai).

wa-a'-na-go-ptar)-yai), adv. obediently : waa-
nagoptagyai) waug, / am obedient.

WAA

207

WAB

-wa-a'-na-ki-ksir), v. of anakik^ii) ; to expose
oneself for others, take the place of danger, — wa-
anawek^ii), waanauijkiksiqpi.

•wa-a'-na-ki-ksir)-yar), adv. exposing oneself
for others.

■wa-a'-na-sa-pa, v. of anasapa ; to defile, soil by
trampling on, — waanawasapa.

wa-a'-na-sdo-ka, n. something that flies out or
refuses to stag in, as a cork, etc.

"wa-a'-na-tag, v. of anatai) ; to rush on, make
an attack, — waanawatai).

Wa-a'-na-tar), n. (one who makes an attack) ;
a distinguished Sisitoijwai) chief who was killed
in 1839; a county of Minnesota.

■wa-a'-na-zii), v. of anaiii) ; to stand and shoot
the image of that which is supposed to be the cause
of the disease. This is a part of the ceremony of
Dakota conjuring, — waanawaiiq, waanauqziqpi.

•wa-a'-nu-nu, n. moss.

■wa-a'-pa, v. of apa ; to strike, — waawapa.

■wa-a'-pa-to-ya, v. of apatoya ; to hinder, ob-
struct,— waapatowaya.

"Wa-a'-pe, v. of ape ; to wait, be in waiting, —
waawape.

■wa-a'-sir), v. of asii) ; to covet, desire what is
another's ; to stay where others are eating, expect-
ing to share, — waawasiq.

■wa-a'-skam, conl. of waaskapa.

"wa-a'-skam-ya, v. of askamya; to cause to
stick on, make adhere, — waaskamwaya.

■wa-a'-skam-y a-pi, n. sticking plaster.

■wa-a'-ska-pa, v. of askapa ; to stick on.

"wa-a'-ska-pe, n. something that sticks, a stick-
ing plaster.

■wa-a'-snl-yar), v. of asniyag ; to heal, make well,
— waasniwaya.

■wa-a'-sni-yar), n. a liealer, healing.

"wa-a'-s'a-ka, v. n. to be loaded with or coated,
as the tongue in sickness. See was'aka.

"wa-a'-sa-pa, v. of asapa ; to be defiled, — waama-
sapa.

"wa-a'-sa-pe, n. a blotter.

■wa-a'-tar)-ka. See wataijka.

Awa-a'-ta-ya, v. of ataya ; to be lucky, fortunate,
— waatawaya.

"wa-a'-ta-ye-s'a, n. a fortunate one, as a good
hunter.

■wa-a'-tOQ-'war), v. of atoijwai) ; to be observing,
— waa watoi) waq .

'wa-a'-toij-'we, n, an observer.

■wa-a'-wa-eir), v. of awacii) ; to think about,
consider, be thoughtful, — waawacaqmi.

■wa-a'--wa-eir)-yar), v. a. to caust to think or
consider ; one who makes others think, — waawa-
ciqwaya.

"wa-a'-vrag-hdag, cont. of waawarihdaka.

'wa-a'-'waij-hda-ka, v. of awaijhdaka ; to watch
over one's own, — waawaijwahdaka. See wiiwai)-
hdaka.

'wa-a'-'waQ-hda-ke, n. one who watches over, a
shepherd, a bishop.

■wa-a'-"war)-yag, cont. of waawaijyaka. .'

•wa-a'-Aw^ap-yag-ki-ya-pi, n. one who is em-
ployed to oversee, a steward.

"wa-a'-"war)-ya-ka, v. of awaijyaka ; to oversee,
watch over, take care of, — waawaqmdaka.

'wa-a'-'waij-ya-ka, n. some spiritual being who
watches the Dakotas to do them hurt.

■wa-a'-ya, v. of aya ; to take or bear to, — waa-
mda.

"wa-a'-ya-ta, v. of ayata ; to guess, predict, fore-
tell,— waamdata.

■wa-a'-ya-tar)-ir), v. of ayataijiq ; to proclaim,
make manifest, bear witness, — waamdataqii).

■wa-a'-ya-tar)-ir), n. a witness.

■wa-a'-ya-tai)-ir)-yar), adv. testifying.

"wa-a'-ya-te, n. a prophet.

■wa-a'-yu-pta, v. of ayupta; to answer, — waa-
mdupta.

■wa-a'-yu-pte, n. one who answers.

"wa-a'-zin-toi), v. of azintoij ; to burn incense to
or for, — waazinwatop.

•wa-ba'-ga-pa, v. of bagapa ; to skin animals, be
in the habit of taking off skins, — wabawagapa.

■wa-Taa'-gO, v. of bago ; to carve, engrave, — wa-
bawago.

"wa-ba'-hba, v. of bahba ; to cut off, as in shell-
ing corn with a knife, — wabawahba.

wa-ba'-hbe-za, v. of bahbeza ; to mxike rough ;
to haggle, — wabawahbeza.

"wa-ba'-hda, v. of bahda ; to trmke uncoil by cut-
ting.

"wa-ba'-hna, v. of bahna ; to make fall off by
cutting. /■.*

"wa-ba'-hna-yar), v. of bahnayai) ; to miss in
trying to cut, — wabawahnayai).

■wa-ba'-hui), v. of bahuq ; to cut, gash, — waba-
wahui).

■wa-ba'-huQ-huT), v. red. of wabahuij ; to cut
as a piece of meat nearly off in many places :
wabahuqhufl wajfu, / gave it to him cut in
pieces.

■wa-ba'-hu-te-dai), v. of bahutedag ; to wear
off to a stump, as a knife, — wabawahutedai).

■wa-ba'-hda-gag, v. of bahdagaq ; to make large,
to cut so that it becomes larger, — wabawahda-
gai).

^w•a-ba'-lida-ya, v. of bahdaya ; to pare, to cut
off' the rind or skin, — wabawahdaya.

•wa-ba'-hda-ye-dai), ?i. ^;«rm^».

WAB

208

WAB

■wa-ba'-hde-ea, v. of bahdeca; to tear in at-
tempting to cut, — wabawahdeca.
wa-ba'-Mo-ka, v. of batdoka ; to cut holes, —

wabawaidoka.
"wa-ba'-hu, v. of baliu ; to peel, pare, — waba-

waliu.
•wa-ba'-ke-za, v. of bakeza ; to make smooth

with a knife ; to trim off the feather, as in making

arrows, — wabawakeza.
"wa'-ba-ke-ze, n. a hoard on which to trim

the feather in making arrows.
"wa-ba'-korjta, v. of bakoijta. See wabakoi)-

tkoijta.
•wa-ba'-korj-tkor), adj. cut or notched, as a piece

of meat given to a child.
■wa-ba'-kor)-tkoi)-ta, v. of bakoijtkoijta ; to cut

or notch, — wabawakoritkoqta.
■wa-ba'-kpar), v. of bakpaq ; to cut up fine, —

wabawakpai).
■wa-ba'-ksa, v. of baksa ; to cut off, — wabawa-

ksa, wabauijksapi.
■wa-ba'-ktar), v. of baktai) ; to cut so as to make

crook, — wabawaktai) .
■wa-ba'-ke-za, v. of baljeza ; to make smooth by

cutting, — wabawaljceza.
vra-ba'-mda, v. of bamda ; to cut in slices, —

wabawamda.
■wa-ba'-mda-mda-za, v. red. of wabamdaza.
■wa-ba'-mda-za, v. of bamdaza ; to rip open or

up, — wabawamdaza.
■wa-ba'-mde-ea, v. of bamdec'a ; to cut up,

break to pieces with a knife, — wabawamdeca.
"wa-ba'-mna, v. of bamna ; to rip with a knife,

— wabawamna.
■wa-ba'-pe-sto, v. of bapesto ; to shave to a

point, — wabawapesto.
■wa-ba'-po-ta, v. of bapota ; to destroy by cut-
ting,— wabawapota.
■wa-ba'-psa-ka, v. of bapsaka ; to cut of, as

cords, — wabawapsaka.
■wa-ba'-pta, v. of bapta ; to cut out, pare around,

— wabawapta.
■wa'-ba-pte, n. a cutting-board.
■wa-ba'-pte-ee-dar), v. of baptecedai) ; to cut

off short, — wabawaptecedai).
"wa-ba'-ptu-za, v. of baptuia ; to crack or split

with a knife, — wabawaptuia.
■wa-ba'-sku, v. of basku ; to pare, as potatoes, —

wabawasku, wabauqskupi.
"wa-ba'-smir), v. of basmir) ; to make bare with

a knife, — wabawasmii).
■wa-ba'-sda, v. of basda ; to shave off, — wabawa-

sda.
wa-ba'-sdo-ka, v. of basdoka ; to cut out of, —

wabawaMoka.

•wa-ba'-«ki-ta, v. of baskita ; to cut, gash, — wa-

bawaskita.
"wa-ba'-spa, v. of baipa; to cut off pieces, — wa-

bawa^pa.
•wa-ba'-spu, v. of baspu ; to cut in pieces, — wa-

bawaspu.
•wa-ba'-spu-spu, v. red. of wabaspu ; to cut up

in 2)ieces, as tallow, — wabawa^pu^pu.
■wa-ba'-ta-ku-sni, v. of batakusni ; to destroy.
■wa-ba'-te-pa, v. of batcpa ; to cut off short, —

wabawatepa.
■wa-ba'-tpar), v. Same as wabakpaij.
■wa-ba'-ta, v. of bata ; to kill.
"wa-bo'-ee-ka, v. wabodeg iyeya, to make stagger

by shooting.
"Wa-bo'-co, V. of bo^o ; to chum, — wabowa^o.
■wa-bo'-ha-i-ye-ya, v. of bohaiyeya ; to make

tumble over by shooting. '

■wa-bo'-hiQ-ta, v. of bohiijta ; to sweep all off

by shooting, — wabowahiijta.
■wa-bo'-hna, v. of bohna ; to knock off, as fruit,

by shooting, — wabowahna.
■wa-bo'-hna-skir)-yai), v. of bohnaskiijyaij ; to

make crazy by punching or shooting, — wabowa-

hnaskii)yai).
■wa-bo'-hna-yar), v. of bohnayaij ; to miss in

shooting, — wabowahnayai).
■wa-bo'-ho-ho, v. of boboho ; to make loose by

shooting,- — wabowahoho.
"wa-bo'-hu-hu-za, v. of bohubuza ; to make

shake by shooting, — wabowahuhuza.
■wa-bo'-hei, v. of bolici ; to shoot or punch out

pieces, — wabowahdi.
■wa-bo'-hdo-ka, v. of botdoka ; to shoot or

punch holes, — wabowahdoka.
•wa-bo'-hmli), v. of bohmiij ; to make crook by

shooting, — wabowahmii).
"Wa-bo'-tpa, v. of bohpa ; to shoot on the wing.
"wa-bo'-kpar), v. of bokpai) ; to pound fine, —

wabowakpar).
■wa-bo'-ksa, v. of boksa ; to break off by shoot-
ing or punching, — wabowaksa.
wa-bo'-ktar), v. of boktai) ; to bend by shooting

or pounding, — wabowaktai).
■wa-bo'-ku-ka, v. of bokuka; to destroy by

pounding or shooting, — wabowakuka.
"wa-bo'-mda-ya, v. of bomdaya ; to make spread

out by shooting or punching, — wabowamdaya.
"Wa-bo'-mda-za, v. of bomdaza ; to tear open by

shooting, etc., — wabowamdaza.
■wa-bo'-mde-ea, v. of bomdec'a ; to break in

pieces by shooting or punching, — wabowamdeca.
"wa'-bo-mdu, v. the snow flies.
■wra-bo'-mdu, v. of bomdu; to pound Jine, to

pulverize, — wabowaradii.

WAB

209

WAC

■wa-bo'-par), v. of bopaij ; to pound fine, as

hommony, — wabo wapai) .
■wa-bo'-paij-par), v. of bopa^paij ; to make soft

by pounding.
wa-bo'-pe-nani, v. of bopemni ; to twist by

shooting, etc., — wabowapemni.
"wa-bo'-po-ta, v. of bopota ; to shoot or pound

to pieces, — wabowapota.
■wa-bo'-psa-ka, v. of bopsaka ; to shoot off, as

stri ngs, — wabo wapsaka.
■wa-bo'-pta, v. of bopta ; to dig up by striking

with a stick endwise, as in digging tipsiijna, —

wabowapta.
"wa-bo'-ptu-za, v. of boptuia ; to crack by

pounding or shooting, — wabowaptuza.
■wa-bo'-sda-ta, n. a kind of long beads, large in

the middle, worn by the Dakotas.
"wa-bo'-sde-OEi, v. of bosdeda ; to split by shoot-
ing,— wabowasdeca.
■wa-bo'-sni, v. of bosni ; to blow out, extinguish,

— wabowasni.
■wa-bo'-so-ta, v. of bosota ; to exterminate by

shooting, — wabowasota.
■wa-bo'-sa-ka, v. of bosaka; to shoot or punch

with too little force to penetrate, — wabowasaka.
■wa-bo'-sda, v. of bosda ; to shoot off bare, — wa-

bowa^a.
•wa-bo'-sdo-ka, v. of bosdoka ; to shoot or punch

out, as an eye, — wabowasdoka.
wa-bo'-ski, v. of boski ; to pound, as com not

well dried, — wabowaski.
"wa-bo'-sna, v. of bosna ; to miss in shooting, —

wabowaina.
"wa-bo'-spa, v. of bo^pa ; to shoot off a piece, —

— wabowaspa.
"wa-bo'-su-za, v. of bosuia ; to shoot to splinters.
'wa-bo'-ta-ku-ni-sni, v. of botakunisni; to

shoot to pieces or destroy, — wabowatakunisni.
•wa-bo'-ti-ea, v. of botica ; to snatch away, rob,

— wabowatica.
•wa-bo'-ti-ce, n. a robber.
•wa-bo'-tpar), v. of botpan. Same as wabokpai).
wa-bo'-tpi, V. of botpi ; to crack, as nuts, by

pounding with a 2}estle, — wabowatpi.
■wa-bo'-ta, v. of bota ; to kill by punching.
"wa-bo'-tiQ-za, v. of botiqza ; to pound tight, —

wabowatiriza.
■wa-bo'--we-ga, v. of bowega ; to break or frac-
ture by shooting, etc., — wabowawega.
■wa-bo'-za-za, v. of bozaia; to wash out by

punching, — wabowaiaia.
■wa-ean'-ki-ya, adj. kind, benevolent. See wa-

caijtkiya.
•wa-can'-sin-ya, v. a. to make sad, — wacansin-

waya.

27

■wa-ear)'-ga, w. a species of sweet-smelling grass.
"wa-eag'-te-si-ea, adj. unhappy, — wa<^aqtema-

sica.
■wa-ear)'-te-sin-ya, V. a. to make sad, — wacai)-

tesinwaya.
"wa-eaijt'-ki-ya, adj. of c'aijtekiya; benevolent,

— wacanwakiya, wac'anyakiya, wacanuijkiyapi.
wa-ear)t'-ki-ya-pi, n. benevolence.
■wa-ear)t'-o-hna-ka, v. to be generous, affection-
ate,— wacaqtowabnaka.
"wa-eaijt'-O-hxia-ka, adj. generous ; affection-
ate.
■wa-ear)t'-o-hna-ka-pi, n. generosity ; affection.
■\wa-cai)t'-o-kpa-ni, v. of c'aijtokpani ; to desire
much, long for ; to be impatient, — wacaqtowa-
kpani.
"wa-car(t'-o-tpa-ni, v. Same as wacaijtokpani.
■wa-eas'-tor), v. of c'astoi) ; to name, give names,

— waca^watoi).
■wa-eas'-tor), n. a namer, one who names.
"wa-ea'-ze-ki-ya-ta, v. a. to mention the names

of deceased relatives to one, and beg for their

sakes, — wacazewakimdata.
"wa-ea'-ze-yan, cont. of wacaieyata.
■wa-ca'-ze-ya-ta, v. to ask for or beg in the

name of the dead, — wacazemdata.
■wa'-ee-he, n. See wac'ighe.
■wa-ee'-hii), n. the long slender feathers growing

near the tail of an eagle, etc.
■wa-ee'-ki-ya, v. of cekiya ; to pray to, ask for

kelp, pray for assistance in war, etc., — wac'ewa-

kiya, waceuijkiyapi.
•wa-ce'-orj-pa, v. of c'eoi)pa ; to roast, as corn in

the ear ; one who roasts corn, — wacewaoijpa.
•wa-ee'-OQ-pa-pi, n. roasting corn.
"wa-ee'-tug-hda, v. of c'etuijhda ; to doubt, dis-
believe ; one who always doubts, — wacetuqwahda.
■wa-ee'-tuij-hda-pi, n. unbelief, doubting.
"wa-ee'-tUQ-hda-ya, adv. doubtingly.
•wa-ei', v. n. to dance, — wawaci, wayaci.
■wa-cir)', v. 1st pers. sing, of cii).
"wa-eii)', V, n. to think, purpose, — wacaijmi, wa-

caqni, wauqci^pi. This word requires another

verb in the infinitive mood to precede, as ec'oi)

wacaqmi, / thought to do.
"wa-cir)'-ca-dar), n. a young hear, a cub.
wa-cir) '-ci-ka-ye-dai), adj. fickle-minded, —

waci;)macil;ayedai).
"wa-eii)'-ei-sti-ye-dar), adj. fickle-minded, —

wac'iljmac'istiyedai) .
•wa-eirj'-ha-ha-dar), adj. cowardly, easily alarm-
ed,— waciijniahahadaij.
■wa'-cirj-he, n. the head-dress of a Dakota man ;

any thing standing up on the head, as feathers ; a

plume.

WAC

210

WAH

■wa'-eirj-he-sa-psa-pa, n. black plumes, ostrich
feathers.

wa'-eiQ-he-ya, v. a. to use for a plume, — wa-
di^hewaya.

■wa-ciij'-hiij-yaij-za, adj. cruel, morose ; — wa-
diijmahiijyaijza.

■wa-eir)'-hnu-hnu-ni, adj. wandering in mind,
bewildered, oblivious, — waciqmahnuhnuni.

■wa-eir)'-hnu-nl, adj. wandering, bewildered, —
wac'iijmahnuni.

"wa-elr)'-hnu-ni-ya, v. a. to cause one's mind to
wander, to bewilder, — wacirjhnuniwaya.

■wa-eirj'-i-bo-sa-ka, v. n. to be out of heart about,
to be discouraged, — waciijibowa^aka.

wa-eiri'-i-yo-ki-pi, v. n. to be contented, satis-
fied with, — waciijiyowakipi.

■wa-6ir)'-i-yo-ki-pi-ya, adv. contentedly.

•wa-eii)'-i-yo-ki-si-6a, v. n. to be displeased
with ; to be sad on account of, to regret, — wac'ii)-
iyowakiiica ; wac'ii)iyowidawakisica, / am dis-
pleased with them.

"wa-6ir)'-i-yo-ki-sin-ya, adv. displeased with.

■wa-eirj'-ka, v. Same as wac'ii).

■wa-cir)'-ki-ei-yu-za-pi, v. recip. having regard
for each other. See waciqkiyuza.

■wa-cir)'-ki-ya, v. pos. of wacigyai) ; to trust in,
as in any thing laid up for one's own use; to
trust to or have confidence in, as a friend, Jesus
Christ our Saviour, etc., — waciijwakiya.

■wa-cir)'-kl-yu-za, v. a. to think of, hold in the
mind, either for good or ill, — wac'ii) wakiyuza.

■wa-cir)'-ko, adj. easily made angry, ill-natured,
passionate, — waciijmako, waciqui)kopi.

■wa-cir)'-ko-pi, n. passionateness.

■wa-eiij'-ko-ya, adv. passionately ; crossly.

"wa-ciQ'-ksam, cont. of waciijksapa.

■wa-cii)'-ksain-ya, adv. wisely, discreetly.

■wa-eii)'-ksa-pa, adj. intelligent, wise, — waciij-
maksapa, waciijuqksapapi.

■wa-cilj'-O-ze, n. of waciqyuza ; thought, think-
ing.

"wa-cir)'-pi-ya-hna-ka, v. to take another view
of a thing, be of another mind.

"wa-eig'-taij-ka, adj. patient, magnanimous,
long-suffering, enduring long, — waciqraata^ka.

■wa-cir)'-toi), v. to have understanding, have a
mind of one's own, be wise, — wacii)watoi).

■wa-cir)'-tor)-hnag-ya, v. a. to comfort, usually
by giving to the afflicted, — wacii)tor|hnagwaya.

■wa-6ir)'-tor)-hna-ke, n. a comforter.

"wa-cir)'-tor)-sni, v. n. to be foolish, — waci^wa-
toi)4ni.

■wa-eir)'-yai), v. a. to trust in, depend upon ; to
believe in, — wadi^waya, wadiijuijyaijpi, wadiij-
mayai), wa(^iqdiya.

■wa-eir)'-yar), adj. confiding : wacioyai) wauij.
■wa-eir)'-yar)-pi, n. trusting in, confidence, faith ;

trusted in, trustiness.
•wa-eii)'-ye-kl-ya, v. a. to cause to trust in, —

waciijyewakiya.
■wa-cii)'-ye-pi-6a, «. something that can be

trusted in : wacii)yepica sni, that cannot be trust-
ed in.
■wa-cii)'-ye-ya, v. n. to purpose, set the mind to ;

to cause to trust in.
"wa-eir)'-za-ta, adj. forked mind, i. e. undecided,

hesitating, — waciqmazata.
"Wa-ei'-pi, n. dancing, the dance.
"wa-co'-ka, n. low land lying near a river or

lake without timber.
■wa-eo'-kor), v. of cokoi) ; to desire to take life,

— wacowakoi), wadomakoijpi.
•wa-eo'-koij-pi, n. a desire of taking life.
■wa-eo'-ni-ca, n. of conica ; dried meat, espe-
cially dried buffalo or deer meat ; venison.
■wa-co'-ni-sa-ka, n. hard dried meat.
■wa-cu'-tu-hu, n. the ribs or knees of a boat ;

the ribs of a bear.
■wa-da', V. of da ; to ask, beg, — wawada : also

1st pers. sing, of da.
•wa-da'-da, v. red. of wada.
■wa-da'-da-ka, n. a beggar.
■wa-da'-ko-ta-sni, adj. not caring for relations,

without natural affection, — wadamakota^ni.
"wa-dl'-ta, adj. brave, — wamadita. See wadi-

taka.
■wa-di'-ta-ka, adj. brave, courageous, — wama-

ditaka and wadimataka, wadinitaka, wadiuq-

takapi.
"wad-i-yo'-pe-ya, v. a. to accuse one of doing

what another has done, — wadiyopewaya.
■wa-dun'-ya, v. of dunya ; to dye red or scarlet,

— wadunwaya.
■wa-dun'-ye, n. a dyer of scarlet.
■wa-du'-ta, n. a red root used for dyeing scarlet.^
"wa-e'-kta-sni, adv. waektasni icu, to take the

wrong one ; to accuse falsely.
•wa-e'-kta-sni-yai), adv. improperly, falsely.
•wa'-ga, n. the cotton-wood : waga cai), the cotton-
wood tree, the Populus canadensis.
•wa-gi'-yo-gi, h. There are two birds bearing

this name, one of which is probably a species of

thrush ; both are so called from their song.
"wa-gmu', n. (Ihaijk.) See wamnu.
"wa'-gor), n. rush mats ; Chippewa tents.
■wa-gu'-ge-ea, n. round heavy snow.
"wa-gu'-gu-ya, v. a. to cause to bum, to scorch, —

waguguwaya.
■wa-gu'-ya, v. a. to scorch, — waguwaya.
wa-ha', n. a bear-skin.

WAH

211

WAH

vra-ha'-caQ-ka, n. a shield.

■wa-ha'-ka-kta, n. the last, the youngest. See
woliakakta.

■wa-har)g'-ya, v. a. to destroy, — wahaijgwaya,
wahai)gui)yar)pi.

■wa-har)g'-ye-6a, n. one who destroys every
thing.

•wa-har)'-pi, n. of haqpi; hroth, soup of any
kind.

vra-hda'-ta, v. of hdata ; to steal up to, as to
game, — wawahdata : also the 1st pers. sing, of
hdata.

"wa-hda'-ta-pi, n. stealing or crawling up to, as
to game.

wa-hde'-ea, v. to he in sympathy with, as the
Dakotas say a mother is with her absent children,
when they think about her. The Indians assert
that mothers feel peculiar pains in their breasts
when any thing of importance happens to their
absent children, or when about to hear from
them. This feeling is regarded as an omen, —
wawahdeca, wauqhdecJapi. See wakihdeca.

"wa-hde'-ea-pi, n. the sympathy that is said to
exist between a mother and her absent children,
producing peculiar sensations in the breast.

■wa-hdi', V. 1st pers. sing, of hdi.

"wa'-hdi, V. of ahdi ; to bring home, — wawahdi,
waui)hdipi.

■wa'-hdi-a-s'a-pi, n. th^ shout that is made by
the children when meat, etc., is brought into the
camp.

•wa-hdu'-ha, v. of hduha ; to have oriels own,
to keep, — wawahduha : also the 1st pers. sing, of
hduha.

■wa-hdu'-ha-ha-kte-oa, adj. parsimonious, —
wawahduhahakteca.

■wa-hdu'-ha-ha-kte-ee-cir), n. one who is par-
simonious : wahduhahapiktededii), parsimony.

■wa-hdu'-vre, v. of hduwe ; wahduwe ya, to go
to bring one's own, without specifying what.

■wa-he'-fia-ka, n. the hehaka and uijktehi are
sometimes so called.

■wa-he'-ki-eui), v. pos. to pack up or tie one^s
own, — wahewe^Jui) .

■wa-he'-ktam, cont. of wahektapa ; at the stem.

■wa-he'-kta-pa, v. to pilot or steer a boat of any
kind, — wehektawapa.

■wa-he'-kta-pa, n. a pilot, helmsman.

■wa-he'-kta-pa-tar)-hai), n. the stern of a boat,
at the stern.

■wa-he'-yur), v. of heyuq ; to pack up in bun-
dles,— wahemui), wahenui).

■wa-he'-yur)-pi, n. packing up.

•wa-hi', n. See wai)hi.

■wa-hi'-bu. v. Same as hibu, / come.

wa-hi'-hbu, v. Ist pers. sing, of hiyu. Same as

wahibu.
■wa-hi'-na-"wa-pa, v. 1st pers. sing, of hinapa ;

double pronoun.
■wa-hir)', n. hairs : wahii)hdapi, the hair that is

sometimes attached to a pipe-stem.
■\wa-hir)'-ske, n. the long-grained or southern

corn ; so called because the grains resemble the

canine teeth of animals ; i. q. hiijske.
■wa-hir) '-tka, n. an instrument used in scraping

hides.
■wa-hir) '-yar)-za, adj. morose, — wamahiijyaijza.
■wa-hir) '-ya-zi-ce, n. down, fur, such as is used

by the Dakotas in their sacred ceremonies.
■wa-hir)'-yur)-tor), v. See waiijyuqtoi).
"wa-hi'-sna-he-ea, n. soft new snow.
■wa-hi'-ti-hda, v. of hitihda ; to be fastidious, to

loathe ; a fastidious person, — wahitiwahda.
■wa-hi'-yu, v. of hiyu ; to start to come, — wahi-

hbu.
"wa-hmu', «. (Ihaijk.) Same as wamnu.
■wa-hin'ur)g', cont. of wahmuijka : wahmuijg

mda, / am going trapping.
■wa-hmuij'-ka, v, of hmuijka ; to trap, hunt

with traps, — wawahmuijka : also 1st pers. sing.

of hmui)ka.
"Wa-hmuij'-ka-pi, re. trapping.
■wa'-hnag, cont. of wdhnaka.
"wa'-hnag-tor), n. something put with another

thing : wahnag codai), one thing alone ; wahnag

toi) ku, to give, as a blanket, with a gun.
■wa'-hna-ka, v. of ahnaka ; to place on, put on,

as poultices on sore.s, etc., — wawahnaka. See

wakicihnaka.
■wa-hna'-ka, v. 1st pers. sing, of hnaka.
■wa'-hna-^wo-sna-pi, re. are altar for sacrifice.
"wa'-hna-^wo-ta-pi, re. (ahna and wotapi) some-
thing to eat from, a table.
■wa-hna'-.yar), v. of hnayaij ; to deceive, — wa-

wahnayaq : also 1st pers. sing, of linayai).
■wa-hni'-hda, v. of hnihda ; to travel : wahnihda

wauq, I am travelling.
■wa-hni'-hde-oa, n. one loho is always travel-
ling.
■wa-hnur)'-ka, n. the red-headed woodpecker.
'wa-ho'-co-ka, re. an area surrounded by tents.

Probably not used by the Indians generally. See

hocoka.
■wa-ho'-hpi, n. nests. See hohpi.
■wa-ho'-ki-ya, v. a. to send word to, — wahowa

kiya, wahouijkiyapi. See wahoya.
■wa-ho'-kor)-ki-ya, v. a. to instruct, counsel,

advise one, — wahokoqwakiya, wahoko^uqkiyapi.
■wa-ho'-koi)-ki-ya-pi, n. instruction, counsel,

advice ; counselled.

WAH

212

WAH

■wa-ho'-si, V, of hosi ; to cany word ; always
used with another verb, as, wahosi i, waho^i hi,
waho^i ya, etc. ; to bring or carry news.

■wa-ho'-si-'wa-kar), n. a formation used by
some for angel, messenger.

■wa-ho'-ya, v. a. to send for one, to send word
to one, to promise something to one, — wahowaya.

"wa-ho'-ya-pi, n. sending word to.

"wa-hu'-a-ta-ya, v. See wahuwataya.

•wa-hu'-ke-za, n. a spear, such as is used in
spearing muskrats ; a war-spear.

■wa-hu'-nor)-pa, n. a biped ; an appellation of
man, not much used.

"Wa-hu'-to-pa, n. quadrupeds, but used only for
the dog and wolf, in the sacred dialect.

'wa-liu'-'wa-pa, n. coi-n, an ear of corn ; some-
times corn in bags.

■wa-hu'-"wa-ta-ya, v. n. to find oneself all at
once unable to proceed, to be unable to escape from
fright, or some other cause, — wahuwatawaya.

■wa-hu'--wa-ta-ye-ya, v. a. to frighten, or in
some way make unable to escape, — wahuwata-
yewaya.

■wa-ha', V. of ha ; to bury, — wawaha, waui)hapi :
also 1st pers. sing, of ha.

"wa-ham'-ya, v. of hamya ; to frighten or scare
away, — wahamwaya.

■wa-hag'-da, v. a. to esteem, think highly of one,
— wahaqwada.

"wa-hari'-liaij-i-ei-da, v. reflex, to be self-suffi-
cient, self-important, — wahai)hai)mi^ida.

■wa-liar)'-i-ei-da, v. reflex, of wahaijda ; to think
highly of oneself, be proud, — wahai)mi^ida.

■wra-hag'-l-ci-da-pi, n. pride.

■wa-hajj'-i-te-ya, v. a. to tire one out, — wahaij-
itewaya.

■wa-har)'-ka, v. to do difficult things well, — wa-
wahaijka.

■wa-har)'-ksi-ca, n. the black bear, the Ursus
americanus.

■wra-Rai)'-ksl-ca-ta-ha-za, n. a kind of berry
growing on small bushes resembUng the whortle-
berry.

"wra-ha'-pi, n. burying ; something buried.

"wa'-liba, adj. mild, gentle.

•wa'-hba-dai), adj. gentle, — mawalibadai), niwa-
hbadaq, ugwahbapidai).

■wa'-hba-ka, adj. mild, gentle, — mawahbaka :
wicaita wahbaka, a gentleman ; wiwahbaka, a
lady.

■wa'-hba-ya, adv. mildly, gently.

"wa-hba'-ya, v. of hbaya ; to make sleepy, — wa-
hbawaya.

"Wa'-liba-ye-dai), adv. mildly, gently : waliba-
yedai) wauq, / conduct mildly.

■wa-hea', n. the generic name for flowers : wa-

hca kamdu and wahca namdu, to unfold or

blossom.
■wa-K.ea'-zi-zi, n. yellow floioers, the sunflower.
"wali-eir)'-ea, «. the aspen or small cotton-wood,

the Populus canadensis.
■wa-het'-a-zu, v. a. to discharge freight, unload,

as a vessel, — wahetawazu.
■wa-Ret'-a-zu-pi, n. unloading.
■wa-he'-ya-ta-i-ye-ya, v. to push back; one

who pushes others back.
■wa-hna'-hna, n. the coffee-nut.
■wa-Rna'-hna-hu, n. the coffee-nut tree.
"wa-hna'-'wa-he-ea, oc?/. lean, poor ; ill-looking,

but much better than it looks : wahnawaheda

tuka waste, it is good although it looks badly,
"wa-hpa'-nl, adj. poor, destitute.
■wa-hpa'-ni-ea, adj. poor, destitute, having no

wahpaya, — mawahpanida, ui)wahpanicapi.
■wa-fipa'-nl-da, v. a. to consider poor ; to feel

compassion for, have mercy on, — wahpaniwada.
■wa-hpa'-ni-ya, v. a. to make poor, cause to be

poor, — wahpani waya, wahpanimayai) .
■wa-Rpa'-ni-yar), adv. poorly, in a destitute way.
■wa-hpa'-ya, n. any thing one has of movable

goods, baggage.
"wa-hpa'-ye-ca, n. baggage.
■wa-Rpe', n. a leaf, leaves.
Wa-tpe'-ku-te, n. the Leaf-shooters ; a band

of the Dakotas who live chiefly on the head

waters of the Blue Earth and Cannon rivers.
"wa-hpe'-mda-ska-ska, n. winter greens.
■wa-hpe'-pe-zl-hu-ta, n. leaf-medicine, i. e. tea.
■wa-Rpe'-tar)-ka, n. large-leaf i. e. cabbage.
Wa-tpe'-tor)-"W£ir), n. a band of the Dakotas,

who reside chiefly at the Little Rapids, at Lac-

qui-parle, and at the lower extremity of Big Stone

Lake.
"Wa-tpo'-pa, n, the large species of willow.
■wa'-lita-ni, v. of ahtani ; to transgress a usage

or custom, to omit a ceremony ; to do wickedly ;

to sin, — wawahtani, wayahtani, w4ui)htanipi.
"wa'-tta-ni-ya, v. a. to cause to transgress or

sin, — wahtaniwaya.
■wa-Rte', adj. good. See wahtesni.
"wa-Me'-da, v. to esteem good ; used only in the

negative.
^w•a-Me'-da-ka, v. a. to dislike, i. q. wahteda^ni.
■wa-hte'-da-sni, v. a. to dislike, abominate, —

wahtewadaini, wahteuqdapi^ni, wahtecida^ni.
"wa-Me'-ka, adj. bad, i. q. wahtesni.
"wa-Me'-sni, adj. bad, worthless, wicked, — ma-

wahtesni.
■wa-hu'-pa-ko-za, «. wing-flappers, i. e. fowls,

domestic fowls.

WAI

213

WAK

•wa-i'-ea-ga, v. of ic'aga ; to grow, produce.
"wa-i'-eafi-ya, v. a. to cause to produce, to create,

— waicahwaya.
■wa-i'-eaR-ya-pi, n. that which is created.
Wa-i'-cah-ye, n. the Creator.
"wa-i'-ei-a, v. of aia ; to slander.
"wa-i'-ci-a-pi, n. slander.
•wa-i'-ei-e-s'a, n. a tattler, a slanderer.
■wa-i'-ei-ha-ha, n. a jester, an insolent fellow.
■wa-i'-ci-ha-ha-pi, n. insolence.
'wa-i'-ei-'waij-ga-pl, n. mutual inquiry. See

idiwaijga.
■wa-i'-ei-ya, v. of idiya ; to assist, take one's part ;

an advocate. See wawidiya.
■wa-i'-eu, v. of icu ; to take, — waiwacu.
■wa-i'-eu-cu-ka, n. a pilferer.
•wa-l'-eu-eu-kte-ea, v. to desire to take, to

covet ; one who covets.
■wa-i'-eu-cu-pi-kte-ee-cir), n. covetousness.
wa-i'-ei-hdu-sna, v. reflex, of wayusna ; to

sacrifice oneself, — wami^ihdusna. See waihdu-

^na.
■wa'-i-ci-Ma-ni, v. refiex. of wahtani ; to sin

against oneself, — wami^ihtani.
■wa-i'-en-hde, n. one who casts up to another ;

an accuser.
■wa-i'-en-hi-ye-ya, v. to cast up to, — waienhi-

yewaya.
■wa-i'-hdu-sna, v. refiex. of wayuina ; to sacri-
fice oneself, — wamihdusna.
■wa-i'-hdu-stai), v. refiex. of yudtai) ; to finish

what pertains to oneself, — wamihdu^tai).
■wa-i'-hdu-stai)-ke, n. one who has finished

w/iat pertains to himself.
wa-i'-hpe-ya, v. of aihpaya ; to throw on, place

on, impute to; to leave to, when one dies, as

property ; to give to others, — wailipewaya.
■wa-i'-tpe-ya-pi, n. leaving to, bequeathing ; an

heir.
wa-i'-hpe-ye, n. a testator.
■wa-ir)'-yur)-tor), v. of iijyuijtoi) ; to rub brains,

grease, etc., on hides to prepare them for dressing.
•wa-l'-pi-da, n. of ipida ; one who forbids or re-
fuses to part with what he has. See wawipida.
wa-i'-ste-ea, adj. bashful. See widteda.
"wa-i'-sten-ya, v. a. to put to shame, — wai^ten-

waya.
■wa-i'-ya-pe, v. of iyape ; to lie in wait. See

wawiyape.
■wa-i'-ya-pe-pi, n. an ambush.
■wa-i'-ya-ta-hde, v. to have exceeding much, —

waiyamatahde. See wiyatahde.
■wa-i'-ya-ta-hde-ya, v. to exceed, go beyond ; to

be intemperate, — waiyatahdewaya. See wiyata-

hdeya.

"wa-l'-ye-ki-ya, v. of iyekiya; to recognise, —

waiyewakiya.
•wa-i'-ye-ya, v. of iyeya ; to find, — waiyewaya.
■wa-i'-ye-ye-ea, n. one who finds much.
■wa-ka'-dai), n. the roach, sun-fish.
■wa-ka'-dar)-hi-yu-za-pi, n. a kind of fish,

perhaps the perch. So called because the teeth

and some of the small bones of the head are put

in gourd shells, which are used as rattles in their

powwowing, and in making their sacred feasts

and dances.
"wa-ka'-du-ga, «;. of kaduga; to fan ; fanning,

blowing, — wawakaduga : also 1st pers. sing, of

kaduga.
■wa-ka'-ga, v. of kaga ; to make, — wawakaga :

also 1st pers. sing, of kaga.
■wa-ka'-ga-pi, n. an image, picture, something

made.
■wa-ka'-ge-ge, v. of kagege ; to sew, — wawaka-

gege, wauijkagegepi : also 1st pers. sing, of

kagege.
■wa-ka'-gl, v. of kagi ; to hinder or prevent by

one's presence, as to keep one from speaking, or

from doing something ; to be feared, — wawa-

kagi, wamakagi : also 1st pers. sing, of kagi.
■wa-ka'-gi, n. one who restrains by his presence.
•wa-ka'-gi-ya, v. a. to hinder, obstruct, keep

others from going fast, — wakagiway a.
"wa-ka'-gi-ya, adv. slowly, preventing, detaining.
■wa-ka'-ha-i-ye-ya, v. to put out of the way ;

one who pushes things out of the way.
■wa-ka'-hi, v. of kahi ; to rummage, — wawakahi :

also 1st pers. sing, of kahi.
"wa-ka'-hi-ka, n. one who rummages.
■wa-ka'-hiQ-ta, v. of kahii)ta ; to sweep, — wawa-

kahiqta : also 1st pers. sing, of kahirjta.
■wa-ka'-hmi-hma, v. of kahmihma ; to roll, —

wawakahmihma : also 1st pere. sing, of ka-
hmihma.
■wa-ka'-hmi-yai)-yai), v. of kahmiyaqyaij ; to

make round, — wawakahmiyaijyai) : also 1st pers.

sing, of kahmiyaflyag.
■wa-ka'-hmor), v. See wakahmuij.
"wa-ka'-hmuT), v. of kahmug ; to spin, twist, —

wawakahmug : also Ist pers. sing, of kahmuq.
■wa-ka'-hmug-pi, n. spinning.
■wa-ka'-ho-ho, v. of kahoho ; to shake, make

loose, — wawakahoho : also 1st pers. sing, of ka-
hoho.
■wa-ka'-ho-mni, v. of kahomni ; to make turn

round, — wawakahomni : also Ist pers. sing, of

kahomni.
■wa-ka'-hu-hu-za, v. of kahuhuza ; to shake by

striking, — wawakahuhuza : also Ist pers. sing, of

kahuhuza.

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214

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"wa-ka'-ha-pa, v. of kaiapa ; to drive along, —

wawakahapa : also 1st pers. sing, of kahapa.
■wa-ka'-hda, v. of kahda ; to rattle ; to rum-
mage,— wawakalida: also 1st pers. sing, of

kalida.
■wa-ka'-Rda-ka, n. one who pilfers much.
"wa-ka'-hde-ea, v. of kalideca ; to break open, to

fracture, — wawakahdeda : also 1st pers. sing, of

kalideca.
■wa-ka'-hdi-ya, v. of kahdiya ; to make mire, —

wakalidiwaya.
•wa-ka'-Rdo-ka, v. of kahdoka ; to make a hole

in, — wawakahdoka : also 1st pere. sing, of ka-

hdoka.
■wa-ka'-Re-pa, v. of kahepa ; to hale out, — wa-

wakaliepa : also 1st pers. sing, of kahepa.
vra-ka'-hi-ea, v. of kahica; to waken up by

striking, — wawakahica : also, 1st pers. sing, of

kaWca.
■wa-ka'-hni-ga, v. of kahniga ; to choose, — wa-

wakaliniga : also 1st pers. sing, of kaBiniga.
"wa-ka'-hpa, v. of kahpa ; to throw down, — wa-

wakaipa : also 1st pers. sing, of kalpa.
"wa'-ka-lipa, v. of akahpa ; to cover, — wawa-

kafipa.
■wa-ka'-hpu, v. of kahpu ; to tear down, — wa-

wakahpu : also 1st pers. sing, of kafipu.
■wa-ka'-hta-ka, v. n. to be easily hurt, touchy,

nervous, — waniakahtaka.
■wa-ka'-Ma-ke-ea, n. one who is made sick by

a little matter, one who is nervous, — wamakaita-

keca.
"wa-ka'-Mar), v. n. of kaitaij ; to absorb.
■wa-ka'-htar)-ka, adj. absorbent, absorbing.
"wa-ka'-htar)-yai), adj. rough, roughened, as

corn pulled open by the birds.
"wa-ka'-hu, v. of kaiu ; to peel of, as bark, —

■wawakahu : also 1st pers. sing, of kahu.
•wa-ka'-Ru-ga, v. of kaliuga ; to break, as the

skull, kettles, etc., — wawakahuga : also, 1st pers.

sing, of kaliuga.
■wa-ka'-Ru-ge-ca, n. one who kills much game.
■wa-ka'-hui)-ta, v. of kahupta ; to make rough,

as the birds do by tearing open the husks of

corn.
"wa-ka'-i-de, v. of kaide ; to make blaze, — wawa-

kaide.
■wa-ka'-kai), v. of kakai) ; to hew, — wawakakaij :

also 1st pers. sing, of kakai).
"wa-ka'-kea, v. of kak^a ; to comb, to disentangle,

— wawakakca : also 1st pers. sing, of kakca.
■wa-ka'-kir)-ca, v. of kakiqda ; to scrape, — -wa-

wakakiqc'a: also 1st pers. sing, of kakiqca.
■wa-ka'-kis-ya, v. of kakiiya ; to cause to suffer,

— wakakiiwaya.

wa-ka'-ko-ka, v. of kakoka ; to make rattle, —
wawakakoka : also 1st pers. sing, of kakoka.

■wa-ka'-kpar), v. of kakpai) ; to pound fine, —
wawakakpaq : also 1st pers. sing, of kakpai).

■wa-ka'-ksa, v. of kaksa ; to cut off with an axe,
— wawakaksa : also 1st pers. sing, of kaksa.

■wa-ka'-ksa, v. of kakia ; to roll up, — wawaka-
kca.

■wa-ka'-ksar), v. of kakCaq ; to bend, — wawaka-
ksai) : also 1st pers. sing, of kakCai].

■wa-ka'-kii-za, v. of kakCiia ; to double up, —
wawakaksiia : also 1st pere. sing, of kakCiia.

■wa-ka'-ktai), v. of kaktaij ; to make bend, — wa-
wakaktai) : also 1st pers. sing, of kaktai).

"wa-ka'-ku-ka, v. of kakuka ; to pound to pieces,
destroy, — wawakakuka : also 1st pers. sing, of
kakuka.

"wa-ka'-mda, v. of kamda ; to slice, — wawaka-
mda : also 1st pers. sing, of kamda.

•wa-ka'-mda-ya, v. of kamdaya ; to make level,
spread out, — wawakamdaya : also 1st pers. sing,
of katadaya.

•wa-ka'-mda-za, v. of kamdaza ; to rip open, —
wawakamdaza : also 1st pers. sing, of kamdaza.

•wa-ka'-mde-ca, v. of kamdeca; to dash to
pieces, — waijvakamdeda : also 1st pers. sing, of
kamdeca.

"wa-ka'-mdu, v. of kamdu ; to pulverize, — wa-
wakamdu : also 1st pers. sing, of kamdu.

•wa-ka'-mna, v. of kamna ; to collect, gather to-
gether,— wawakamna : also 1st pers. sing, of ka-
mna.

"wa-ka'-mna-ka, n. one who collects.

■wa-ka'-nmar)-pi, n. gathering together, collect-
ing.

■wa-ka'-mnl, v. of kamni ; to make mellow, pre-
pare, as a field, — wawakamni : also 1st pers. sing,
of kamni.

wa-kaxi', adv. above. See waijkan.

"wa-kai)', adj. spiritual, sacred, consecrated;
wonderful, incomprehensible ; said also of women
at the menstrual period, — mawakai), niwakar),
ui)wakai)pi.

■wa-kar)', n. a spirit, something consecrated :
Taku wakai) and Wakai) taqka, the Great Spirit.

■wa-kar) '-da, v. a. to reckon as holy or sacred ;
to worship, — wakaijwada, wakai)ui)dapi.

■wa-kar) '-da-ka, v. a. Same as wakaijda.

•wa-kar) '-e-cor), v. to do tricks of jugglery, — wa-
kai) ecamon.

•wa-kar) '-e-eor)-pi-dar), n. magic, tricks of jug-
glery.

■wa-kar) '-ha, n. a beards skin.

■wa-kar)'-hdi, n. th.e lightning.

■wa-kar) '-he-za, «. children, i. q. iiceda.

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215

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■wa-kar)'-i-ci-da, v. reflex, of wakaijda ; to esteem
oneself holy or wakaq ; to he jrroud, — wakaqmi-
^ida.

•wa-kai)'-i-ei-da-pi, n. pride.

•wa-karj'-ka, n. an old woman, — wamakaijka.

"wa-kar)'-ka-dar), n. Same as wakaijka.

■wa-kar)'-ka-ga, v. to make wakaij, perform acts
of worship according to the ideas of the Dakotas,
— wakaijwakaga.

•wa-kag'-ka-to-pa-snor), n. the lumbar verte-
hrce ; so called because the old women roast that
part.

•wa-kar)'-ki-ei-yu-za-pi, n. taking each other
sacredly, i. e. marriage according to law.

■wa-kar)'-ki-da, v. pos. of wakaqda ; to regard
one's own as sacred, — wakaijwakida.

Wa-kai)'-si-6a, n. the Bad Spirit.

•wa-kar)'-ta-car)-pa, n. a species of wild cherry.

■wa-kai)'-ta-ko-pa-za, n. wood, of all kinds, in
the sacred language. See paza.

•wa-kar)'-ta-ko-zu, n. water, in the sacred lan-
guage. See also nide.

Wa-kar)'-tar)-ka, B. the Great Spirit, the Crea-
tor of all things, and the god of war.

■wa-kar)'-"wa-ei-pi, n. the sacred dance. This
is the name of a secret society among the Dako-
tas which purports to be the depository of their
sacred mysteries. The medicine-sack is the
badge of membership. With the claws or beads
contained in this they pretend to shoot mysteri-
ously, and cause death. The making of a sacred
dance is a great occasion. The high priests of
the ceremonies spend the night previous in heat-
ing stones, in sweating and singing, and holding
communion with the spirit world. In the dance,
those who belong to the society appear in their
best attire, gaily painted, and drum, sing, dance,
and feast together.

•wa-kaij'-'WO-har), v. to make a sacred feast, —
wakai)wowahe.

■wra-kai)'-wo-har)-pi, ra. a sacred feast. This is
made by such as belong to the wakaijwacipi,
and is preceded and accompanied by drumming,
singing, etc.

■wa-kar)'-"WO-liipa, n. meteoric stones, a meteor.

■wa-kar)'-yar), adv. sacredly, holily, mysteri-
ously : wakaqyai) yuza, to take a wife or hus-
band after the Christian mode. See wakaijkici-
yuzapi.

■wa-kar)'-yu-za, v. to take a wife after the man-
ner of Christians, — wakaijmduza.
■wa-ka'-o-hpa, v. of kaohpa : to break through, —

wawakaohpa : also 1st pers. sing, of kaohpa.
■wa-ka'-pa, v. of kapa ; to excel, exceed, surpass,
— wakawapa, wakauqpapi.

■wra-ka'-pa, v. of kapa; to pound off, — wawa-

kapa : also 1st pers. sing, of kapa. See wak»-

pai).
■wa-ka'-pai), v. of kapai) ; to pound off, as corn,

— wawakapai) : also 1st pers. sing, of kapai).
■wa-ka'-par)-pai), v. of kapaijpaij ; to pound

soft, — wawakapai) pai) : also 1st pers. sing, of

kapai) pai).
"wa-ka'-pari-pi, n. pounded meat mixed with

marrow or fat, pemmican.
"wa-ka'-pa-pi, n. pemmican.
Ava-ka'-pe-mni, v. of kapemni ; to twist, — wa-

wakapemni : also 1st pers. sing, of kapemni.
"wa-ka'-pe-sto, v. of kapesto ; to sharpen, —

wawakapesto : also 1st pers. sing, of kapesto.
■wa-ka'-pe-ya, v. to excel, cause to excel, — waka-

pewaya.
■wa-ka'-po-gar), ■». of kapogai) ; to make swell

out.
•wa-ka'-po-pa, v. of kapopa ; to make burst, —

wawakapopa : also 1st pers. sing, of kapopa.
wa-ka'-po-ta, v. of kapota ; to pound to pieces, —

wawakatopa : also 1st pers. sing, of kapota.
■wa-ka'-psa-ka, v. of kapsaka ; to break in two,

as a string, — wawakapsaka : also 1st pers. sing.

of kapsaka.
"wa-ka'-psi-ea, v. of kapsica; to make hop, —

wawakapsida : also 1st pers. sing, of kapsica.
■wa-ka'-psir)-psir)-ta, v. of kapsiqpsiqta ; to

whip, — wawakapsiqpsigta : also 1st pers. sing, of

kapsii)psii)ta.
■wa-ka'-psoi), v. of kapsoi) ; to spill, — wawaka-

psoi) : also 1st pers. sing, of kapsoq.
■wa-ka'-psur), v. of kapsuij ; to dislocate, — wa-

wakapsui) : also 1st pers. sing, of kapsui).
■wa-ka'-pta, v. of kapta ; to dip out, — wawa-

kapta : also 1st pers. sing, of kapta.
■wa-ka'-pte-ce-dai), v. of kaptecedaij ; to cut

off shorter, — wawakaptededai) : also 1st pers.

sing, of kaptecedai).
"wa-ka'-ptu-za, v. of kaptuia ; to split or crack,

wawakaptuia : also Ist pers. sing, of kaptu^a.
■wa-ka'-sa, v. of kasa ; to bury in the snow, —

wawakasa.
■wa'-ka-sai)-sar), n. See wakasaqsaqna.
■wa'-ka-sai)-sar)-na, n. the snow-bird.
■wa-ka'-sbu, v. of kasbu ; to cut in strips, — wa-

wakasbu : also 1st pers. sing, of kasbu.
■wa-ka'-sTDU-pi, n. dangles.
■wa'-ka-sda-ta, v. to do a thing slowly, — wawa-

kasdata.
"wa-ka'-sde-ea, v. of kasdeca ; to split, — wawa-

kasdeda : also 1st pers. sing, of kasdeda.
"wa-ka'-sdi, v. of kasdi; to strike and make fly

out, — wawakasdi.

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216

WAK

"wa-ka'-sdi-tka, v. of kasditka ; to make knob-
bed,— wawakasditka.
■wa-ka'-sdo-har), v. n. to drive along, as the

wind does a boat.
"wa-ka'-ska, v. 1st pers. sing, of kaska, to whiten.
■wa'-ka-ska, v. of akaska ; to eat greedihj, eat

long, — wawakaska.
•wa-ka'-ski-ca, v. of kaskica ; to 2wess or pound

tight, — wawakaskica.
"wa-ka'-sma-ka, v. of kasmaka ; to indent by

pounding, — wawakasmaka.
■wa-ka'-smir)-yar)-yar), v. to make bare, as the

wind does the ground by driving off the snow.
■wa-ka'-sna, v. of kasna ; to make ring ; to

shake off, as the wind does leaves from a tree :

also 1st pers. sing, of kasna.
■wa-ka'-sni, v. of kasni ; to extinguish, — wawa-

kasni : also 1st pers. sing, of kasni.
"wa-ka'-so-ta, v. of kasota ; to use up, expend,

make an end of, — wawakasota : also 1st pers.

sing, of kasota.
"wa-ka'-sto, v. of kasto ; to smooth down.
■wa-ka'-sa-ka, v. of kasaka ; to strike with too

little force to penetrate, — wawaka^aka : also 1st

pers. sing, of kasaka.
■wa-ka'-sa-pa, v. to make black or dirty by

smiting, — wawakasapa.
"wa-ka'-sdo-ka, v. of kasdoka ; to knock off, as

an axe from the handle, — wawakasdoka : also 1st

pers. sing, of kasdoka.
"wa-ka'-sdu-ta, v. of kasduta ; to make glance,

as an axe, — wawakasduta : also Ist pers. sing, of

kasduta.
■wa-ka'-se-ca, v. of kaseca ; to deaden, — wawa-

kaseca : also 1st pers. sing, of kaieca.
■wa-ka'-se-ya, v. of ka^eya; to obstruct, — wa-

kasewaya.
■wa-ka'-si-ea-ho-^wa-ya, v. of kasicahowaya ;

to cause to cry out by smiting, — wawakasicaho-

waya.
•wa-ka'-si-pa, v. of ka^ipa ; to break off, as

limbs from a tree, — wawakasipa : also 1st pers.

sing, of kasipa.
■wa-ka'-ska, v. of kaska ; to bind, — wawakaska :

also 1st pers. sing, of ka^ka.
"wa-ka'-ski-ea, v. of kaskica ; to press, pound, —

wawakaskica : also 1st pers. sing, of kaskica.
"wa-ka'-sko-kpa, v. of ka^kokpa ; to hollow out,

as a trough, — wawakaskokpa : also 1st pers. sing.

of kaskokpa.
■vira-ka'-sko-pa, v. of kaikopa ; to cut crookedly,

— wawakaskopa : also Ist pers. sing, of kaskopa.
■wa-ka'-sko-tpa, v. Same as wakaskokpa.
■wa-ka'-sna, v. of kasna ; to miss in striking, —

wawakasna : also 1st pers. sing, of ka^na.

"wa'-ka-so-ta, adj. blackened with smoke.
"wa'-ka-SO-te-sni, adj. clean, not defied, pure :

wakasotesni waui), / am undefled.
■wa'-ka-so-te-sni-yar), adv. purely, undefledly.
■wa-ka'-spa, v. of kaspa ; to cut off a piece ; to

expectorate, — wawakaspa : also 1st pers. sing, of

kaspa.
■wa-ka'-sta-ka, v. of kastaka ; to smite, — wawa-

kastaka : also 1st pers. sing, of kastaka.
■wa-ka'-stai), v. of kastaij ; to pour out, — wawa-

kastai) : also 1st pers. sing, of kastai).
■wa-ka'-su-za, v. of kasuia ; to crush by striking,

— wawakasuza : also 1st pers. sing, of kasuza.
■wa-ka'-taij-ni, v. of kataqni ; to wear out by

striking, — wawakataijni : also 1st pers. sing, of

kataqni.
"wa-ka'-ta-ta, v. of katata ; to shake, as a bed,

— wawakatata : also 1st pers. sing, of katata.
"wa-ka'-te-pa, v. of katepa ; to cut to a stump,

— wawakatepa : also 1st pers. sing, of katepa.
■wa-ka'-ti-ea, v. of katica ; to scrape off, — wa-

wakatica.
"wa-ka'-tka, v. of katka; to choke, — wamaka-

tka.
■wa-ka'-tku-ga, v. of katkuga; to cut up short.
"wa-ka'-tkuQ-za, v. of katkui)za ; to cut off

square, — wawakatkur)za.
■wa-ka'-to-to, v. of katoto ; to knock, as on a

door ; to clear off, as land for ploughing, — wa-

wakatoto.
"Wa-ka'-tu-ka, v. of katuka ; to spoil by striking,

as furs, — wawakatuka.
■wa-ka'-tu-tka, v. of katutka ; to break into

small pieces, — wawakatutka.
wa-ka'-ta, v. of kata ; to kill by striking, — wa-

wakata.
•wa-ka'-tilj-za, v. of katiqza ; to pound in tight,

— wa wakatii) za.
•wa-ka'-"wai)-ka, v. of kawai)ka ; to chop down

as timber ; to blow down, as the wind does trees.
"wa-ka'-we-ga, v. of kawega ; to break or frac-
ture,— wawakawega.
■wa-ka'-vri-hnu-nl, v. of kawihnuni ; to de-
stroy,— wawakawihnuni.
■wa-ka'-"wir)-za, v. of kawii)ia ; to bend down

by striking, — wawakawiijia.
■wa-ka'-zai), v. of kazaq ; to strike and make

sick, — wawakazai) .
"wa-ka'-ze, v. of kaze ; to lade or dip out, as

food from a kettle, — wawakaze.
"wa-ka'-zoij-ta, v. to loeave, — wawakazoqta : also

1st pers. sing, of kazoijta.
■wa-ka'-za-za, v. of kaiaia ; to wash ; to see

well, — wawakaiaia : also 1st pers. sing, of ka-

zaia.

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217

WAK

wa-ka'-zl-pa, v. of kaiipa ; to shave, — wawa-
kaiipa.

■wa-ka'-zur), v. of kazui) ; to tear up by the
roots.

■wa-ka'-zu-zu, v. of kazuiu ; to pay off ; to erase ;
to forgive, — wawakaiuiu : also 1st pers. sing, of
kazuiu.

■wa-kcar)'-yar), f. to observe and report: wa-
kcaqyai) ya, to go to spy out ; wakdaijyai) hdi,
to come home and make report of what one has
learned, as in the case of a man sent out by the
hunters to discover where the buffalo are.

■wa-kear)'-ye-ya, v. a. to cause to go and spy
out, — wakc'aijyewaya.

"Wa-ke'-ya, n. a skin tent, a Dakota lodge.

■wa-ke'-ya, v. a. to have for a tent, — wakewaya.

■wa-ke'-ya-ska, n. a linen or cotton tent.

"wa-ki', V. 1st pers. sing, of ki, to arrive at home,
and of ki, to rob.

■wa-ki', ?). of ki ; to rob, — wawaki.

•wa-ki'-eaij-pta, v. a. to comfort, console, — wa-
wecaqpta : wawicakicaijpta, he comforts them.

wa-kl'-eaij-pta, adj. compassionate.

■wa-kl'-ci-hna-ka, v. of hnaka ; to lay away
for one, — wawecihnaka.

■wa'-ki-ei-hna-ka, v. of ahnaka: to lay on for
one, apply a poultice or cataplasm to one, — w4-
wecihnaka.

■wa'-ki-ei-zu, v. a. to lay on a poultice for one,
— wawecizu, wdmicizu.

"wa-ki'-eoQ-za, v. a. to purpose, determine for
one, — wawec'or) za.

"Wa-ki'-coq-za, n. one who determines or decides.

■wa-ki'-cuQ-pi, n. what is taken and used by all,
common property.

"vva-ki'-ge, v. of kige ; to scold, — wawakige :
also 1st pers. sing, of kige.

■wa-ki'-hda-ka, n. dressed skin, leather, such as
is used to make and mend moccasins with.

"wa-ki'-hde-ea, v. a. to have a feeling for, or be
in sympathy with an absent friend, that causes a
nervous sensation in the breast or an involun-
tary twitching of the muscles, said to be pre-
monitory of what is to happen to the person, —
wawehdeca, wawicawehdeca.

•wa-ki'-hnag, cont. of wakihnaka; wakihnag
wahi, / have come to lay away.

■wa-M'-hna-ka, v. of kihnaka; to store away
one's own, — wawehnaka, wauijkihnakapi.

wa-ki'-hna-ka-pi, n. what is laid U2), an in-
heritance.

■wa'-ki-hta-ni, v. of wahtani ; to sin against.

"Wa-ki'-kaq-he-za, v. a. to conciliate by pre-
sents or by fawning, to make friends with by sub-
mission to, — wakiwakaqheia.
28

Tva-ki'-ksu-ya, v. of kiksuya ; to remember ; to

hold communion with and receive communications

from supernatural beings, as the Dakotas pretend

to do ; to call to remembrance a dead friend, —

waweksuya, waur)kiksuyapi.
•wa-ki'-ksu-ya-pi, n. remembering the past.
"wa'-ki-ktor)-za, v. of akiktoijia ; to forget, —

wawektoi)ia.
■wa-kl'-mna-yar), n. one who has collected much,

one who is rich.
"wa'-ki-ni-ea, v. of akinica ; to dispute, — w4wa-

kinica, wauijkinicapi.
"wa'-ki-ni-ca-pi, n. disputation, contest.
■wa-ki'-nl-hai), v. 1st pers. sing, of kinihaq.
■wa'-ki-nin, cont. of wakinica ; wakinin uij.
■wa-ki'-ni-ya, v. n. to be touchy, get out of

humor, — wawakiniya.
■wa-kir)'-ir), v. of kiijin ; to throw at, to stone, —

wawakii)ii) : also 1st pers. sing, of kiqiq.
■wa-klr)'-yai), v. of ki^yaij ; tofy, as birds.
"wa-kiij'-yar), the thunder ; the cause of thunder

and lightning, supposed by the Dakotas to be a

great bird.
■wra-kir)'-yar)-ho-tor), v. the thunder utters his

voice ; to thunder.
■wa-kir)'-yar)-na, jt. birds, fowls.
•wa-kir)'-yar)-pi, n. those that fly, birds.
"wa-ki'-pa-zii), v. of kipaiiq ; to oppose, — wawa-

kipaiii) : also 1st pers. sing, of kipaiii).
"wa-kl'-pi, n. robbery, spoiling. See wawi<$a-

kipi.
"Wa-ki'-psa-psa, adv. thick, close together. See

akipsapsa.
■wa'-ki-sor), v. of akisoq ; to put edging around

quill work, — wiwakisoi).
•wa-ki'-s'ag, cont. of wakis'aka.
"wa-ki'-s'ag-ya, v. a. to make endure, — waki-

i'agwaya.
■wa-ki'-s'ag-ya, adv. enduring.
•wa-ki'-s'a-ka, adj. capable of endurance, strong

to endure hardship or suffering, not easily ex-
hausted or overcome, indefatigable, — wamaki^'aka,

wanici^'aka.
■wa-ki'-s'a-ke, n. strength.
■wa-ki'-sde-ya, v. of kisdeya ; to annoy, vex ;

one who annoys, — wakiidewaya.
■wa-ki'-sko-kpa, n. a bucket made of bark,

a basket, a pitcher, etc.
■wa-ki'-sko-tpa, n. Same as wakiskokpa.
■wa'-ki-ta, v. of akita ; to seek for, — wawakita,

wdugkitapi.
■wa-ki'-tar), v. of kitai) ; to insist upon, — wawa-

kitai) : also 1st pers. sing, of kitai).
■wa-ki'-tarj-ka, n. one who insists upon.
"wa-ki'-te-hi, adj. stingy, covetous, — wamakitehi.

WAK

218

WAK

■wa-ki'-toi)-tor) ka, v. n. to be frugal, economi-
cal; one who is frugal, etc., — wawakitoi)toi)ka.

■wa-M'-tu-ka, v. of kituka ; to beg of, — wawaki-
tuka : also 1st pers. sing, of kituka.

"wa-ki'-urj-ni-ya, v. of kiuijniya ; to injure, hurt,
— wakiuij niway a.

wa-ki'-ya-zar), v. pos. of wayazaij ; to become sick
for one, as one's child, — ■vvamakiyazaij, wanic'iya-
zai), wauijkiyazaijpi.

■wa-ki'-ye, n. birds.

"wa-kl'-ye-dai), n. a pigeon, pigeons,

"wa-ki'-yu-se, v. of kiyu^e ; to oppose, to hate.

•wa-ki'-yu-ska, v. of Hyu^ka ; to loosen, release,
— wawakiyu^ka and wawakimdu&a : also 1st
pers. sing, of kiyu4ka.

■wa-M'-yu-sna, v. a. to sacrifice to, offer to in
sacrifice, — wawakiyusna, wauijkiyuinapi, wacici-
yu^na.

■wa-ki'-3ni-sna-pi, n. sacrificing to.

■wa-ki'-yu-za, v. a. to take away the clothes of
one who comes home in triumph. This is done
when the braves first come home in triumph ;
and their blankets may afterwards be taken from
them on each occasion of painting the scalps red,
which ceremony is commonly performed four
times. Hence, to take advantage of, — wawaki-
yuza, wawicakiyuzapi.

•wa-kmu', n. (Ihaijk.) Same as wamnu.

■wa-ko'-ki-pa, v. of kokipa; to be afraid, fear-
ful,— wakowakipa.

■wa-ko'-M-pe-kl-ca-ga, v. a. to make afraid,
frighten into a measure, — wakokipewecaga, wa-
kokipemicaga.

■wa-ko'-ni-ya, n. a fountain or spring of water.

wa-kor)', v. of koij ; to desire, — wawakoq : also
1st pers. sing, of koi).

"wa-kog'-za, v. of ko^za ; to infiuence, to deter-
mine,— wawakoijza : also Ist pers. sing, of koi)za.

•wa-koi)'-ze, n. influence : nitawakoijze, thy in-
fluence or spirit.

wa-ko'-yag-ya, v. of koyagya ; to put on, to
clothe ; to cause to put on, — wakoyagwaya.

•wa-ko'-ya-ka, v. of koyaka ; to put on clothes,
— wakomdaka, wakouijyakapi.

■wa-ko'-ya-ke-ca, n. one who puts on clothes,
one who dresses up, a fop, — wakomayakec'a.

vra-kpa', n. a stream of water, a river.

■wa-kpa'-dar), n. a small stream, a rivulet, a creek.

"wa-kpi'-ea-hda, adv. by the side of a stream.

■wa-kpo'-hna, adv. on the stream.

■wa-kpo'-pta, adv. across the stream.

wa-kpu'-kpa, n. dust, motes of dust ; i. q. wa-
tuseksec'a.

"wa-kpu'-kpe-ea, n. any thing scattered about,
dust.

■wa-ksi'-ea, ». a dish, a bowl, a pan, a plate.

"wa-ksi'-ea-o-pi-ye, n. a cupboard.

■wa-ksi'-ea-ska-dai), n. earthen plates.

■wa-kta', n. a sign, a mark. See wowakta.

■wa-kta', v. n. to look out for, watch for, he on
one's guard, — wawakta, wauijktapi.

"wa-kta'-ken, adv. on the look out for, guard-
edly.

"wa-kta'-ya, v. a. to put on one^s guard, to warn,
— waktawaya, waktauijyaijpi.

"wa-kta'-ya, adv. on one's guard, warily, pru-
dently.

■wa-kta'-ya-ken, adv. on the look out.

"wa-kte', v. 1st pers. sing, of kte.

■wa-kte', V. of kte ; to kill, to have killed and
scalped, to triumph, — wawakte, wauijktepi : wa-
kte ahda, they go home in triumph ; wakte
ahdi, they come horns in triumph ; wakte hi, to
come in triumph ; wakte hda, to go home in tri-
umph, having taken scalps ; wakte hdi, to comt
home bringing the scalps of enemies ; wakte ki, etc.

■wa-kto'-hdag, cont. of waktohdaka.

■wa-kto'-hdag-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to tell how
many scalps one has taken, — wakdohdagwakiya.

"wa-kto'-hda-ka, v. pos. (wakte and ohdaka) to
tell over one's own warlike exploits, tell how many
scalps one has helped to take, — waktowahdaka.

■wa-kto'-ki-ci-ya-ka, v. to tell to one the war-
like deeds of another for him, — waktoweciyaka.

"wa-kto'-kl-ya-ka, v. to tell to one of warlike
exploi ts, — waktowakiy aka.

■wa-kto'-ya-ka, v. to tell what one has done in
killing enemies, — waktomdaka.

■wa-kuQ'-za, v. See wakopza.

"wa-ku'-te, v. of kute ; to shoot, to be shooting, —
wawakute, wauijkutepi: wakute mde kta, I will go
shooting : also 1st pers. sing, of kute, to shoot, as
fowls.

■wa-ku'-te-pi, n. shooting.

■wa-ku'-'wa, v. of kuwa ; to hunt, hunt for furs,
as those of muskrats, otters, etc. : hunting, — wawa-
kuwa, waui)kuwapi : also 1st pers. sing, of kuwa.

wa-ku'-'wa-pi, n. hunting, as for furs.

"wa-ka', V. of \& ; to dig, — wawa^a, waui)i:api :
also 1st pers. sing, of lf.ii,.

•wa-ke'-dar), n. the places from which squirrels
dig up food.

■wa-kir)', v. of \\v) ; to pack, carry on one's hack,
— wawalfii), waui)J:ii)pi : also 1st pers. sing, of
Ifii).

"wa-kir)', w. a pack, a burden.

•wa-kir)'-car)-ki-ca-ska, w. a place of deposit
for meat, etc., in the woods.

■wa-kir) '-kl-y a, v. a. to cause to pack or carry
on the back, as a horse, — wa^fiijwakiya.

WAK

219

WAN

\W"a-kii)'-kii)-na-se, n. like apaclc, i. e. a square.

"wa-k.ir)'-pi, ?i. a burden, a pack.

"Wa-ku', V. of ^u ; to give, — wawa^u, waurilfupi :

also 1st pers. sing, of l^n.
■wa-ku'-pi, n. giving ; receiving.
"wa-ma'-ka-skai), n. creeping things, the generic

name for vermin. .
■wa-ma'-ki-nor), v. of makinoi) ; to steal from

one, — wamawakinofl, wamauflkinoi^pi.
"wa-ma'-ko-hna-ka, n. the contents of the world ;

the whole creation, animate and inanimate.
■wa-ma'-ni-ea, n. the generic name for carnivo-
rous animals.
•wa-ma'-ni-ti, n. a beards den.
■wa-ma'-nor), v. of manor) ; to steal, — wamawa-

noi), wamauqnoijpi.
■wa-ma'-nog-pi, n. stealing, theft.
vra-ma'-norj-s'a, n. a thief.
■wa-ma'-nu, v. See wamanoi).
■wa-mde'-ni-ea, n. an orphan, a fatherless or

motherless child, — wamamdenica, wauijmdenic'a-

pi : wamdenica eipeciyapi sni, " / will not leave

you orphans."
■wa'-mde-za, v. n. to see clearly, — wawamdeza,

w4yamdeza.
wa-mdi', n. See waijradi.
■wa-mdo'-ka, n. the lie-bear.
wa'-mdo-ska, n. a species of blackbird with

white on its wings ; the wapagica.
■wa'-mdo-sa, n. a species of blackbird with red

on its wings.
■wa-mdu'-dai), n. maggots.
"wa-mdu'-ska, n. snakes ; serpents.
■wa-mdu'-ska-dar), n. snakes ; wwms.
■wa'-mi-ni, n. snow-water.
■wa-mna'-da, v. a. to honor, respect, fear ; to

consider brave or energetic, — wamnawada, wa-

mnauijdapi.
■wa-mna'-da-sni, v. a. to have no respect for

one's ability, — wamnawada^ni.
■wa-mna'-he-ea, n. an oar, a paddle.
"wa-mna'-he-za, n. maize, Indian corn.
■wa-mna'-he-za-hu, n. corn-stalks.
■wa-mna'-he-za-kl-ci-i-ca-ge, n. a blue flower

that appears about the time corn is ripe.
■wa-mna'-i-ei-da, v. reflex, of wamnada ; to be

proud, think much of one's own abilities, — wa-

mnami^ida.
■wa-mna'-i-ci-da-pi, n. pride.
vra-mna'-yai), v. of mnayaq ; to gather, collect,

— wamnawaya, wamnauijyaijpi.
•wa-inna'-yag-pi, n. gathering, harvest.
■wa-mnl', v. of mni ; to dry by spreading out, as

shelled corn, — wawamni : also 1st pers. sing, of

mni.

■wa'-mni-mni, v. of amnimni ; to sprinkle ; one

who sprinkles, — wawamnimni.
■wa'-mni-o-mni, n. a small worm, perhaps a

chrysalis ; a whirl of wind, a hurricane.
■wa-mnu', n. gourds ; pumpkins, squashes, etc.
■wa-mnu'-ha, n. gourd-shells. The Indian rattle

is usually made of a gourd-shell.
•wa-mnu'-hu, n. pumpkin vines.
■wa-mnu'-lia, n. large beads.
■wa-mnu'-lia-dar), n. large beads ; snail-shells.
■wa-mnu'-sa-dar), n. a kind of bird, the snipe.
■wa-mnu'-taq-ka, n. pumpkins.
■wa-mxiQ'-ta, n. an ear of com well filled and

flat at the end.
■wa'-na, adv. See waijna.
wa-na'-bag-i-ye-ya, v. to kick away, kick out

the foot.
•wa'-na-bu, v. of anabu ; to make a drumming

noise with the foot on the ground, — wanawabu.
wa'-na-bu-bu, v. red. of wanabu.
■wa-na'-eaQ-eag, v. of nacaijcai) ; to shake with

the foot, — wanawacai) c'aij.
wa-na'-ee-kce-ka, v. of nac'ekceka ; to make

stagger by kicking, — wanawacekceka.
"wa-na'-ee-ya, v. of naceya ; to kick and make

cry, — wanawaceya.
vra-na'-ee-ye-s'a, n. one who kicks and makes

cry.
wa-na'-gl, n. of nagi ; the soul when separated

from the body ; a ghost, the manes ; a shadow.
^va-na'-gi-ta-ear)-ku, n. the milky way.
"wa-na'-gi-ta-go-sa, n. ghost-spittle ; a kind of

exudation found around some plants ; cuckoo-
spittle.
■wa-na'-gi-ta-ma-ko-ee, n. the world of spirits.
■wa-na'-gl-ti-pi, n. the house of spirits, the abode

of the dead, hades.
"wa-na'-gi-ya-ta, adv. in the world of spirits,

at the spirit-land, to the abode of spirits : wana-

giyata mde kta, / will go to the spirit-land.
"wa-na'-gi-ye-ya, v. of nagiyeya ; to annoy,

trouble, vex, — wanagiyewaya.
•\wa-na'-gu-ka, v. of naguka ; to sprain, — wana-

waguka.
•wa-na'-ha-i-ye-ya, v. to knock down with the

foot, to kick aside.
•wa-na'-hii)-ta, v. of nahigta ; to scrape off with

the foot, — wanawahiijta.
■wa-na'-hmui), v. of nahmu^ ; to curl or twist up.
Tva-na'-hna, v. to kick off, as fruit, — wanawa-

hna.
■wa-na'-hna-yai), v. to slip, slide, deceive.
■wa-na'-hna-ye, n. slipping, deception.
"wa-na'-ho-ho, v. of nahoho ; to make loose with

the foot, — wanawahoho.

WAN

220

WAN

■wa-na'-ho-mnl, v. of nahomni ; to turn round

with the foot, — wanawahomni.
■wa-na'-ho-toi), v. of nahotoij ; to cause to

make a noise by kicking, — wanawahotoi).
wa-na'-hu-hu-za, v. of nahuhuza ; to shake

with the foot, — wanawahuhuza.
■wa-na'-ha-pa, v. of nalapa ; to scare away by

walking ; one who frightens game, — wanawaha-

pa.
•wa'-na-hbe, v. of anaima ; to conceal, — wdna-

walibe.
■wa-na'-hoi, v. of nahci ; to break out a piece

with the foot ; to break out pieces, as from a

horse's hoof.
■wa-na'-hda, v. of nahda ; to rattle with the

foot, — wanawahda.
"wa-na'-hda-ta, v. of nahdata ; to scratch with

the foot ; one who scratches with the foot, as a

cat, — wanawahdata.
■wa-na'-Bide-ea, v. of naMec'a ; to tear with the

foot ; one ivho tears, — wanawahdec'a.
■wa-na'-Rdo-ka, v. of nahdoka ; to wear holes

in the feet by means q/" something, — wanawahdo-

ka.
•wa-na'-he-ya-ta, v. of naheyata ; to kick out of

the way : wanaheyata iyeya.
■wa-na'-hi-ca, v. of nahida ; to waken up with

the foot, — wanawahica.
■wa-na'-hma, v. of nahma ; to conceal, — wana-

wahma.
■wa'-na-tma, v. of anahma ; to conceal ; to deny

a charge, — wdnawahma.
■wa-na'-hoi), v, of nahog ; to hear, hearken, obey,

— wanawahoq.
■wa-na'-Ror), adj. hearkening, obedient.
■wa-na'-toQ-pi, n. the act of listening, hearkening.
"wa-na'-Roq-sni, v. to be disobedient, not to

hearken to, — wanawahoq^ni.
■wa-na'-lipa, v. of nahpa ; to knock or shake

down, as one may do by walkmg on an upper

floor, — wanawahpa.
"wa'-na-lipa, v. to kick or cast about snow with

the feet, as buffaloes and horses do.
•wa-na'-hpe-ea, v. Same as wan4hpa.
■wa-na'-hpu, v. of nahpu ; to kick off pieces.
■wa-na'-Ma-ka, v. of nahtaka; to be in the

habit of kicking, — wanawahtaka.
"wa-na'-i-ci-tmaQ-pi, n. those who conceal

themselves ; hypocrites.
■wa-na'-ka-ka, v. of nakaka ; to make rattle with

the foot, as icicles, stiff hides, etc., — wanawa-

■wa-na'-kas, adv. cont. of wanakazi ; long ago.
'wa-na'-kas-'wo-ta, adj. aged, — wanakaima-
wota.

■\va-na'-ka-tir), v. of nakatu) ; to stretch out

with the foot, — wanawakatii).
■wa-na'-ka-za, adv. long ago.
■wa-na'-ka-za-taQ-har), adv. long since, of old,

of a long time.
■wa'-na-ki-tma and 'wanaklh'be, v. of anaki-

hma ; to conceal, — wdnawakihbe, w4naui)ki-

hmaijpi.
■wa'-na-ki-Rmag-pi, n. hypocrites.
■wa'-na-ki-ksir), v. of anakik^ii) ; to interpose

and defend one by taking his place in danger, —

wdnawek^ir), wdnamik^ii).
"wa-na'-ki-za, v. of nakiia ; to tread out, as rice,

— wanawakiia.
■wa-na'-ko-ka, v. of nakoka ; to rattle with the

foo t, — wanawakoka.
■wa-na'-kpa, n. bears^ ears.
■wa-na'-ksa, v. of naksa ; to break off with the

foot, — wanawaksa, wanauriksapi.
■wa-na'-ksa-ksa, v. red. of wanaksa.
■wa-na'-ksi-za, v. of nak^iia ; to double up with

the foot, — wanawaksiia.
■wa-na'-ktai), v. of naktaij ; to bend with the

foot, — wanawaktai) .
"wa-na'-ku-k£i, v. of nakuka ; to wear out with

the feet, — wanawakuka.
"wa-na'-ku-ke-ea, n. one who wears out mocca-
sins badly.
•sva-na'-mda-ska, v. of namdaska ; to flatten

with the foot, — wanawamdaska.
■wa-na'-mda-ya, v. of namdaya ; to spread out

with the foot, — wanawamdaya.
•wra-na'-mda-za, v. of namdaza ; to burst open.
"wa-na'-mde-oa, v. of namdeda; to break in

pieces with the foot, — wanawamdeda.
■wa-na'-mna, v. of namna ; to rip with the foot,

as moccasins, — wanawamna.
■wa-na'-mna-ka, n. one who rips his moccasins

much.
■wa'-nar), adv. See waqna.
■wa-na'-o-Bipa, v. of naohpa ; to break into with

the feet, — wanawaohpa.
■wa-na'-o-ksa, v. of naoksa ; to break through,

as through ice in kUling muskrats, — wanawaoksa.
■wa-na'-o-ktai), v. of naoktag ; to bend into

with the foot, — wanawaoktai).
■wa-na'-o-tiij-za, v. of naotiijza ; to tread in

tight, — wanaowatiijza.
"wa-na'-pa, v. of napa ; to fee, — wanawapa.
■wa-na'-par), v. of napari ; to tread out, as grain,

— wanawapai).
•wa-na'-par)-pai3, v. of napaijpai) ; to make soft

by treading, — wanawapaqpai).
■wa-na'-pca, v. to swallow, — wanawapda : wana-

pda iyeya.

WAN

221

"WAN

wa-na'-pe-ya, v. to drive off, cause to flee ; one

who makes flee, — wanapewaya.
■wa-na'-pi-ea-ge-yu-za, v. (wanapa, idaga, and

yuza) to have it in one's power to make all flee ;

to be feared by all, — wanapicagemduza.
•wa-na'-pis-kaij-yar), v. See wanapistaijyai).
"wa-na'-pis-tar(-yar), v. of napi^taijyai) ; to de-
stroy or injure every thing, — wanipistaijwaya.
■wa-na'-po-hna-ka, v. to put or hold in the

hands.
■wa-na'-poR-ya, v. of napoiya ; to leaven, cause

to rise, — wanapoiwaya.
■wa-na'-pom-ya, v. to cause to burst, — wana-

pomwaya.
■wa-na'-po-pa, v. of napopa ; to burst.
wa-na'-po-ta, v. of napota ; to wear out with

the feet, — wanawapota.
■wa-na'-po-te-oa, n. one who wears out with the

feet, — wanawapoteca.
■wa-na'-psa-ka, v. of napsaka ; to break, as a

string, with the foot, — wanawapsaka.
■wa-na'-psOQ, v. of napsoi) ; to spill by kicking,

kick over, — wanawapsoi).
Ava-na'-ptu-za, v. of naptuia ; to split or crack.
■wa-na'-pir), n. a medal ; a necklace of beads ; a

handkerchief ; anything worn around the neck, a

comforter, etc.
■wa-na'-pir)-ki-ca-tor), v. a. to put on, as a

wanapiq ; to cause to wear a necklace, etc., — wa-

napiijwecator).
■wa-na'-pig-mda-ska, n. a necklace of beads

interwoven.
■wa-na'-pig-ya, v. a. to have or use for a wana-

pii) , — wanap iq way a.
wa-na'-sa, v. of nasa ; to hunt by surrounding

and shooting, as buffalo ; to chase buffalo, — wana-

wasa, wanaui)sapi.
"wa-na'-sa-pi, n. the buffalo chase.
■wa-na'-sda-ta, v, of nasdata ; to crawl up to.
vtra-na'-sde-ca, v. of nasdeca ; to split.
■wa-na'-sna, v. of nasna ; to make ring with the

feet, — wanawasna.
"wa-na'-sni, v. of nasni ; to trample out, as fire.
"wa-na'-sa-pa, v. of na^apa ; to defile with the

feet, — wanawa^apa.
■wa-na'-sda, v. of na^a ; to make bare with the

feet.
■wa-na'-sdo-ka, v. of naWoka ; to pull off, as

pantaloons, — wanawa^doka.
■wa-na'-se-ea, v. of na^e<$a ; to trample and

make dry, as grass, — wanawaseda.
"Wa-na '-si-da, v. of na^ica ; to injure with the

feet, — wanawaiida.
■wa-na'-si-pa, v, of nasipa ; to break off with the

feet — wanawasipa.

wa-na'-ski-ea, v. of na^kida ; to press with the
foot ; one who presses with the foot, — wanawa-

skica.
■wa-na'-sna, v. of nasna ; to miss with the foot ;

wana^na iyeye s'a, one who kicks.
■wa-na'-sni-za, v. of na^ni^a ; to trample down,

as grass, and make wither, — wanawa^niia.
■wa-na'-so-sa, v. of nasosa ; to foul, as water,

with the feet, — wanawasosa.
■wa-na'-spa, v. of naipa ; to break off with the

feet, — wanawa^pa.
■wa-na'-spu, v. of na^pu ; to break off, as in

trampling on pumpkins, — wanawa^pu.
■wa-na'-su-za, v. of na^uia ; to bruise with the

feet, — wanawaiuia.
■wa-na'-ta-ka, v. of nataka; to fasten up, — wa-

nawataka.
■wa'-na-tai), v. of anatag ; to run upon, to attack,

— winawatai).
■wa-na'-te-pa, v. of natepa ; to wear off short

with the foot, — wanawatepa.
■wa-na'-ti-ea, v. of natica ; to scrape away, as

snow ; to paw, as a horse, — wanawatica,
■wa-na'-ti-pa, v. of natipa ; to cramp.
■wa-na'-ti-tar), v. of natitaij ; to pull or push

agains t, — wanawatitaq .
■wa-na'-tpa, n. a bear's ears.
"wa-na'-tu-ka, v. of natuka ; to stamp to pieces,

as furs ; one who destroys by stamping, — wanawa-

tuka.
"wa-na'-ta, v. of nata ; to kick to death, — wana-

wata.
■wa-na'-"war)-ka, v. of nawaqka ; to kick down ;

to start off on the gallop, as a herd of buffalo.
■wa-na'-vre-ga, v. of nawega ; to break with the

foot, — wanawawega.
'wa'-na-"wir), v. of anawii) ; to tell what is not

true, to conceal, — wanawawii).
"wa-na'-vriri-za, v. of nawigia ; to bend down

with the foot, as grass, — wanawawiijia.
"wa-na'-za-za, v. of naiaia ; to wash by boiling,

as clothes.
"wa-na'-za-za-ya, v. a. to cause to wash out or

come clean by boiling, — wanaiaiawaya.
■wa-na'-zi-pa, v. of nazipa ; to pinch or scratch

with the toes, — wanawaiipa.
"wa-na'-zu-zu, v. of nazuiu ; to kick down, kick

to pieces : one who kicks to pieces, — wanawaiuiu.
"wa-ni-ea', n. meat of all kinds : wanica waciq,

/ desire meat.
■wa-ni'-ea, adj. of nic'a ; none, without any, —

manic'a, ninica, uijnic'api.
■wa'-ni-ea, v. of anida ; to refuse to give up, —

wawanida.
■wa-ni'-ca-dar), adj. none, very little.

WAN"

222

wa:^

wa-nlg'-ni-ea, adj. red. of wanida.

"wa-ni'-har), n. last winter.

■wa-ni'-ki-sa-pa, n. a winter in which the
ground is not covered with snow.

■wa-ni'-ki-ya, v. of nikiya ; to save, cause to
live, — waniwakiya.

•wa-ni'-ki-ya, n. one who makes live ; the Sa-
viour.

■wa'-ni-ka-dar), n. a very little.

"wa-nin', cont. of wanida : owihapke wanin wi-
coni, life without end.

■wa-nlQg'-nl-ca, adj. red. of wanida. See wanig-
nica.

■wa'-ni-stir)-na, n. a little, very little.

"wa-ni'-tl, V. to spend the winter, to winter.

■wa-nl'-ti-pi, n. a winter encampment.

■wa-ni'-ui), v. to winter, spend the winter.

■wa-ni'-ya, v. of niya ; to cause to live, — wani-
waya.

"wa-ni'-ya-ka-tag-ka, n. the hen hawk, a spe-
cies of kite.

■wa-ni'-ye, n. one who makes live ; the Saviour.

"wa-ni'-ye-tu, m. winter, a winter ; a year.

"wa-nu', adv. See wanuij.

■wa-nur)', adv. by chance, accidentally : wanui)
edoi), to do by accident ; wanui) edo^pi, an acci-
dent.

"Wa-nuijli.', adv. by accident.

■wa-nur) '-ken, adv. accidentally.

■wa-nurj'-yai), v. of nuijyaq ; to tame, domesti-
cate,— wanui)waya.

"wa-nui)'-yar)-pi, n. tame animals, . domestic
cattle.

■war), art. indef. a or an.

■wai), intj. look ! see !

■war), n. a large blackish snake five or six feet
long.

■war), n. cont. of waijiu, a quiver ; and of wai)-
hiijkpe, an arrow.

■warj'-ca, num. adj. one ; i. q. wa^iidai).

■war) '-6a, adv. once.

■war)'-ea-dar), adv. only once.

■wai)'-ca-hna, adv. at once, immediately.

■war)'-ea-kca-dar), adv. red. of waijdadaij ; a
few times ; now and then once ; once apiece.

"war)'-ea-ke, adv. at once.

■war)-e'-ya, n. what is prepared for eating on a
journey, provisions.

■war)-hda'-ka, v. pos. of waqyaka ; to see one's
own, — waijwahdaka, wai)ui)hdakapi.

■wai)-lli', n. (waq and hi) a flint, flints : perhaps
so called from the fact that arrow-heads were for-
merly made of flints.

■war)-hir)'-kpe, n. an arrow, arrows, — tiwaghii)-
kpe, niti'wai)hii)kpe, mitiwaijhiijkpe.

war)-hir)'-kpe-kl-hi-ye-ya-pl, n. a bowshot.

See kihiyeya.
■war)-hir)'-tpe, n. Same as -waijhirikpe.
■waQ-hi'-yu-za, n. flat arm or wrist-bands,
■war)-i-ya', intj. of surprise ; indeed ! used on

meeting one unexpectedly.
war)-ka', v. n. to be ; to lie, as a lake, field, or

log ; to lie down ; to spend the night ; to continue,

as, ya waijka, to keep going cm, — muqka, nuqka,

ur)wai)kapi.
■war)'-ka. See dai)wai)ka.
■war)'-ka-dar), adj. weak, tender; soft, brittle,

easily broken or torn, — mawagkadaq.
■war)-ka'-har), part, lying down, fallen down.
■war)-ka'-he-ya, v. a. to throw down, cause to

fall, — wai]kahewaya.
■war)-kan', adv. above, up high.
■wag-kan'-tar)-har), adv. from above.
■war)-kan'-ta-tar)-har), adv. from above.
'war)-kan'-ti-pi, n. an upper room, up stairs.
■war)-kan'-tki-ya, adv. upwards.
■warj-kan'-tu, adv. up above, high up.
■war)-kan'-tu-ya, adv. high up.
■war)-kan'-tu-ya-ken, adv. up high.
■war)'-ka-pi, n. a lying down, an encampment.
•war)-ki'-ci-ya-ka-pi, v. recip. of waijyaka; to

see each other.
■war)-mdi', n. the royal or war-eagle, the Falco

imperialis or Aquila heliaca.
■waQ-mdu'-dai), n. See wamdudai), the better

orthography.
•waq-mdu'-ska, n: See wamdu^ka.
■war)-indu'-ska-dar), n. See wamduikadai).
■warj'-na, adv. now, quickly ; lately, already :

waiina edamoi), / have now done it ; waqna eda-

moi) kta, / will now do it.
■warj'-nas, adv. now.
■war)'-ske, n. the family name of the fourth child,

if a daughter.
■w^ar)S-ke'-pa, n. an arrow-head not barbed.
■warj-sma'-hi, n. an iron arrow-head.
■war)-yag', cont. of waijyaka ; waijyag hi, to

come to see ; warjyag iheya, to see all at once, to

perceive, discover.
■war)-yag'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to see any thing,

— waijyagwakiya, waijyagmakiya.
■war)-yag'-ya, v. a. to cause to see or perceive, —

wai)yagwaya.
■wag-ya'-ka, v. a. to see or perceive any thing ;

to have seen, — wagmdaka, waijdaka, waijuqyaka-

pi, waijdiyaka.
■wai)-ye', v. waijye ya, to go to see or examine ;

i. q. wakdaijyar).
■war)-ye'-ea, n. rushes ; the lightning bug, the

fire-fly.

WAIJ

223

WAP

■waij-ye'-ya, v. a. to shoot arrows; to shoot

in the sacred dayiee, — wai)yewaya.
■war)-yu'-go, v. a. to make the crooked marks on
arrows, which are considered essential to their
goodness. See yugo.
"War)-yu'-^o-dar), «. the striped lizard.
■warj'-yu-gu-ka, v. to draw an arrow out of

the quiver.
•wai)'-3ru-kpar), v. to shoot an arrow.
"W£ir)'-yu-kpar)-har), v. to shoot arrows one

after another, — waijmdukpaijhai).
•wai)'-3ru-tpai)-har), v. See waijyukpaijhai).
waij-zi', num. adj. one ; also used for an inde-
finite number, som£.
■wajj-zi'-ca, adj. one.
•warj-zi'-ea, adv. in one way ; as, hedetu wa^ii-

ca, in the same state, without change.
"wag-zi'-dar), num. adj. one, — mawaqzidai), ui)-

waqiipidai) : wa^iipidaq, they are one.
"waij-zi'-darj-ken, adv. in one manner.
"war)-zi'-dar)-ki-ya, adv. in one way.
"war)-zig'-zi, adj. red. of waqii ; some.
"war)-zig'-zi-dar), adj. red. of waqzidai) ; some.
"wat)-zi'-i-to-kto, or \var)ziitoto, adv. turn

about, i. q. uqma itoto.
■war)-zi'-ksl, adj. red. of waijii ; some.
"war)-zi-na, num. adj. (Ihaijk.) one.
■wai)'-zu, n. a quiver : waijzu Tfh), to carry a

quiver.
"waq'-zu-ya-pi, n. a name given to the ikeca,

■fisher, Mustela canadensis, as the skin of that

animal alone, it is said, was formerly used for

making quivers ; any skin used to make a quiver.
■wa-o', V. oi o; to hit in shooting, — wawao : also

1st pers. sing, of o.
"wa-o'-ho-da, v. of ohoda ; to honor, worship, —

waohowada.
■wa-o'-ka, n. a marksman ; a good hunter, — wa-

waoka.
•wa-o'-kl-hi, v. of okihi ; to he able, to have abili-
ty,— waowakihi.
"wa-o'-ki-hl-ka, n. one who is able, — waowaki-

hika.
"wa-o'-kl-hi-ya, v. a. to make able, — waokihi-

waya.
•wa-o'-ki-hl-ya, adv. ably, powerfully.
"Wa-o'-ki-ya, n. one who communicates with or

commands.
"wa-o'-kl-ya, v. of 6kiya ; to help, aid, — waowa-

kiya.
■wa-o'-ku, V. of oku ; to lend, — waowal:u.
"Wra-og'-spe, v. of orispe ; to know how, — waoq-

maspe, waoijnispe.
■wa-og'-spe-ki-ya, v. of oijspekiya ; to teach, —

waoijspewakiya.

■wa-oi)'-spe-ki-ya, n. a teacher.
■wa-or)'-si-da, adj. merciful, gracious, — waoflii-

wada, waoi)iiui)dapi.
■wa-o'-ste-hda, v. of ostehda ; to speak evil of,

call bad names ; to revile, to slander, — waoste-

wahda.
■wa-o'-'Nwa-kl-ye, v. of owakiye ; to speak with,

— waowawakiye.
•wa-o'-zi-zi, v. of oi\i\ ; to whisper ; a whis-
perer,— waowaiiii.
■wa-pa', V. of pa ; to bark, as a dog.
"Wa-pa', V. n. to snow ; it is snowing.
•wa-pa', adv. towards, at : waijkan wapa, up-
wards ; tokata wapa, forwards ; tiijta wapa, at

the prairie.
wa'-pa, n. a bear's head,
■wa'-pa, n. leaves ; caijwapa, foliage : daqwapa-

towi, the month of May.
•wa-pa'-ba-ga, v. of pabaga ; to roll, twist : also

1st pers. sing, of pabaga.
"wa-pa'-be, v. of pamari ; to file, — wawapabe :

also Ist pers. sing, of pabe.
"wa-pa'-bu, v. of pabu ; to beat, drum, — wawa-

pabu : also 1st pers. sing, of pabu.
■wa-pa'-ear)-car(, v. of pacaijca;) ; to make

shake: also 1st pers. sing, of pacaqcai).
■wa-pa'-cag-nan-i-ye-ya, v. to shove out from

the shore, as a boat. See pacaijnaniyeya.
"wa-pa'-ee-ka, v. See wapacekceka.
•wa-pa'-ce-kce-ka, v. of pacekc'eka ; to push

and make stagger, — wa wapacekceka : also 1st

pers. sing, of pacekceka.
^va-pa'-gar), v. of pagag ; to part with ; to open,

— wawapagai) : also 1st pers. sing, of pagai).
"wa-pa'-ga-pa, v. of pagapa ; to push off, as the

skin of animals, — wawapagapa : also 1st pers.

sing, of pagapa.
"wa-pa'-go, v. of pago ; to carve ; one who carves

or engraves, — wawapago : also Ist pers. sing, of

pago.
•sva-pa'-go-ya, v. a. to cause to carve.
■wa-pa'-ha, m. a hat, cap, bonnet ; a covering for

the head : wapaha ki^ui), to wear one's hat ; wa-

paha hdusdoka, to take off one's hat.
■wa'-pa-ha, n. the shaft or pole on which are tied

feathers of various colors, used in the Dakota

dances ; a standard.
•wa-pa'-ha-i-ye-ya, v. of pahaiyeya ; to push

down.
"wa-pa'-ha-ki-tor), v. to wear a hat ; one who

wears a hat, i. e. a white man, as distinguished

from an Indian.
■wa-pa'-ha-o-ge-dar), n. a handkerchief, com-
monly pronounced wapaogedai). So called from

being tied around the head.

WAP

224

WAP

Wa'-pa-ha-sa, n. of wapaha ; the hereditary

name of the Dakota chief at the lowest village on

the Mississippi, commonly pronounced by the Da-

kotas Wapasa ; and as the name of a county in

Minnesota, written, with some want of judgment

and taste, Wabashaw.
■wa-pa'-hba, v. of pahba ; to shell, as corn, — wa-

wapahba.
■wa-pa'-hbe-za, v. of pahbeza ; to make rough,

— wawapahbeza : also 1st pers. sing, of pahbeza.
■wa-pa'-hi, v. of pahi ; to gather or pick up, —

wawapahi : also 1st pers. sing, of pahi.
wa-pa'-hiij-ta, v. of pahiijta; to brush off, —

wawapahiijta : also 1st pers. sing, of pahigta.
wa-pa'-hi-pi, n. gathering, picking up.
"wa-pa'-hmi-hma, v. of pahmihma : to roll, —

wawapahmihma : also 1st pers. sing, of pahmi-
hma.
■wa-pa'-hniir)-yar)-yai), v. of pahmi^yaijyaq ;

to make round, — wawapahmiijyagyar) : also 1st

pers. sing, of pahmiqyaijyar).
•wa-pa'-hmur), v. of pahmuri ; to twist, — wawa-

pahmui) : also 1st pers. sing, of pahmug.
"wa-pa'-hinuij-ka, n. one who twists, a spinner.
■wa-pa'-hmurj-pi, «. twisted thread, yam.
■wa-pa'-hna-skii)-yar), v. to make crazy : also

1st pers. sing, of pahnaskiijyai).
■wa-pa'-hna-yar), v. of pahnayaij ; to miss, as

in attempting to stab : also 1st pers. sing, of pa-

hnayai).
■wa-pa'-ho-ho, v. of pahoho ; to shake or make

loose.
•wa-pa'-ho-mni, v. of pahomni ; to turn round,

— wawapahomni : also 1st pers. sing, of paho-
mni.
■wa-pa'-ho-tor), v. of pahotoij ; to make cry out,

— wawapahotoij : also 1st pers. sing, of pahotoi).
■wa-pa'-hu-hu-za, v. of pahuhuza ; to shake with

the hand, — wawapahuhuza : also 1st pers. sing, of

pahuhuza.
■wa-pa'-Bia-tka, v. to rub against the grain :

also 1st pers. sing, of pahatka.
"wa-pa'-Bici, v. of pahdi ; to tear out pieces : also

1st pers. sing, of pahci.
■wa-pa'-hda-gar), v. of pahdagaq ; to enlarge :

also 1st pers. sing, of pahdagai).
•wa-pa'-hda-ka, n. one who is a good hunter, —

wawapahdaka.
wa'-pa-hdan-tor), v. to work with ribbon; to

embroider, — wapahdan watoij .
■wa'-pa-lida-ta, v. of apahdata ; to embroider.
■wa-pa'-h.de-ea, v. of pahdeda ; to tear, rend, —

wawapalideca : also 1st pers. sing, of pahdeda.
"wa-pa'-Rdl, v. of pahdi ; to jmsh into the ground,

— wawapahdi : also 1st pers. sing, of pahdi.

wa-pa'-Rdo-ka, v. of pahdoka ; to make holes, to

pierce, — wawapahdoka : also 1st pers. sing, of pa-
hdoka.
"wa-pa'-hmir), v. of pahmiri ; to make crooked.
■wa-pa'-hpa, v. of pahpa ; to throw down, — wa-

wapahpa : also 1st pers. sing, of pahpa.
"wa-pa'-hpu, v. of pahpu ; to pick off, — wawa-

pahpu : also 1st pers. sing, of pahpu.
"wa-pa'-Ma, v. of pahta ; to tie in bundles, — wa-

pawahta, wapaui)htapi.
■wa-pa'-hta, n. a bundle, a pack.
wa-pa'-hu-ga, v. of pahuga ; to break holes

in, — wawapahuga : also 1st pers. sing, of pa-
huga.
■wa-pa'-ka-tii), v. of pakatiij ; to straighten out.
'wa-pa'-ka-'wa, v. of pakawa ; to open out.
■wa-pa'-ke-za, v. of pakeza ; to make smooth

and hard : also 1st pers. sing, of pakeza.
■wa-pa'-kea, v. of pakda ; to comb, — wawapa-

kda : also 1st pers. sing, of pakca.
■wa-pa'-kir), v. to set up in the ground, as a stick

leaning in the direction one is going ; to set up a

sign post, — wawapakiij : also 1st pers. sing, of

pakiq.
■wa-pa'-kiQ-ta, v. of pakirita ; to wipe, — wawa-

pakiqta : also 1st pers. sing, of pakiqta.
"wa-pa'-klr)-za, v. of pakigza ; to make creak.
"wa-pa'-ko-ta, v. to probe or dig out, — wawapa-

kota : also 1st pers. sing, of pakota.
■wa-pa'-kpa, v. to pierce, — wawapakpa : also '

1st pers. sing, of pakpa.
^w■a-pa'-kpi, v. to pick open, as eggs : also Ist

pers. sing, of pakpi.
■wa-pa'-ksa, v. of paksa ; to break off with the

hand, — wawapaksa : also 1st pers. sing, of paksa.
■wa-pa'-ksi-za, v. to make double up, — wawapa-

ksiza : also 1st pers. sing, of paksiia.
•wa-pa'-ktai), v. to crook, make crook, — wawapa-

ktai) : also 1st pers. sing, of paktai).
•wa-pa'-ke-ga, v. to scratch : also 1st pers. sing.

of pakega.
■wa-pa'-ke-za, v. to make hard and smooth, —

wawapakeza : also 1st pers. sing, of pakeza.
Wa-pa'-mai), v. of pamaij ; to _/i^e,— wawapa-

mai) : also 1st pers. sing, of pama^.
"wa-pa'-mda-ska, v. to make flat, — wawapamda-

ska : also 1st pers. sing, of pamdaska.
•wapa'-mda-ya, v. of pamdaya ; to make

smooth, to iron, as clothes, — wawapamdaya : also

1st pers. sing, of pamdaya.
"wa-pa'-mda-za, v. to make burst by pressing,

— wawapamdaza : also 1st pers. sing, of pa-

mdaza.
■wa-pa'-mde-ca, v. to crush, break to pieces, —

wawapamdeda: also 1st pers. sing, of paradeda.

WAP

225

WA?

■wa-pa'-mdu, v. to pulverize, — wawapamdu :

also 1st pers. sing, of pamdu.
■wa-pa'-mi-ma, v. to make round, — wawapami-

ma : also 1st pers. sing, of pamima.
■wa-pa'-mna, n. a bunch, as of grass or shrubs.
■wa-pa'-mna, v. 1st pers. sing, of pamna.
wa-pa'-mni, v. of pamni ; to serve out, to distri-
bute,— wawapamni : also 1st pers. sing, of pamni.
■wa-pa'-nini-pi, n. a distribution.
wa-pa'-na-ke-ya, v. 1st pers. sing, of pana-

keya.
■wa-pa'-ni-ni, v. 1st pers. sing, of panini.
"wa-pa'-o-ge-dar), n. a handkerchief.
■wa-pa'-o-hda-psig-yai), v. wapaohdapsiijyai)

iyeya, to turn bottom upwards.
"wa-pa'-o-hdu-ta, v. to close up: wapaohduta

iyeya : also 1st pers. sing, of paohduta.
■wa-pa'-o-ksa, v. to push or break through : also

1st pers. sing, of paoksa.
■wa-pa'-o-spa, v. to push under, as in water :

also 1st pers. sing, of paospa.
"wa-pa'-o-tiij-za, v. to press in tight : also 1st

pers. sing, of paoti^za.
"wa-pa'-o-'WO-tar), v. to make straight ; also 1st

pers. sing, of paowotaq.
■wa-pa'-pah-ya, v. of papaiya ; to parch, as

com, — wapapalwaya.
"wa-pa'-pah-ya-pi, n. parched corn.
"wa-pa'-po-pa, v. to burst open, as corn : also

1st pers. sing, of papopa.
"wa-pa'-psa-ka, v. of papsaka ; to break, as

cords : also 1st pers. sing, of papsaka.
■wa-pa'-psoi), V. of papsoi) ; to spill, as water,

— wawapapsoi) : also 1st pers. sing, of papso^.
■wa-pa'-psur)-ka, n. a provision bag, a small

bundle.
■wa-pa'-ptu-za, v. to split or crack: also 1st

pers. sing, of paptuia.
■wa-pa'-pu-za, v. of papuza ; to make dry by

wiping, — wawapapuza : also 1st pers. sing, of

papuza.
"wa-pa'-sda-ta, v. to set up, as a pole in the

ground, — wawapasdata : also 1st pers. sing, of

pasdata.
■wa-pa'-sde-ea, v. of pasdeca ; to split, — wawa-

pasdeca : also 1st pers. sing, of pasdeca.
■wa-pa'-Ska, v. to make white by rubbing, — wa-

wapaska : also 1st pers. sing, of paska.
"Wa-pa'-sma-ka, v. to indent, — wawapasmaka:

also 1st pers. sing, of pasmaka.
vra-pa'-smir)-yar(-yar), w. to make bare and

clean : also 1st pers. sing, of pasmii^yaqyar).
•wa-pa'-snoi), v. of pasnoi) ; to roast, as meat, —

wawapasnoi), wauq pasnoi) pi : also 1st pers. sing.

of pasnoi).

■wa-pa'-snur), v. See wapasnoi).
"wa-pa'-star), v. to soak off hair, — wawapastai) :

also 1st pers. sing, of pastai).
"wa-pa'-staq-ka, v. of pastaqka ; to moisten, —

wawapastai) ka.
wa-pa'-sto, V. of pasto ; to brush down, — wa-

wapasto.
■wa-pa'-sto-ka, n. one who is gentle, — wawapa-

stoka.
"wa-pa'-ea-ka, v. of pa^aka ; to push or staJi

with too little force, — wawapa^aka: also 1st pers.

sing, of pa^aka.
■wa-pa'-sa-pa, v. of pasapa; to defile, — wawa-

pasapa.
wa-pa'-si-pa, v. of pasipa ; to break off close, as

the limbs of a tree, — wawapasipa : also 1st pers.

sing, of pasipa.
"wa-pa'-ski-ca, v. of pa^kic'a ; to press, squeeze,

— wawapa^kica.
"wa-pa'-ski-ska, v. of paskiska ; to make rough.
'wa-pa'-sko-kpa, v. of pa^kokpa ; to make hol-
low, to cut or dig out.
■wa-pa'-sko-pa, v. of paskopa ; to make twisting.
■wa-pa'-sko-tpa, v. Same as wapa^kokpa.
■wa-pa'-sna, v. of pa^na ; to miss, — wawapa^na.
■wa-pa'-apa, v. of paspa ; to push away ; to

break off ; to wash out, as stains; that which is

capable of being washed out, — wawapaspa : also

1st pers. sing, of pa^pa.
"Wa-pa'rSpu, V. of pa^pu ; to break off, — wawapa-

^pu.
"Wa-pa'-su-za, v. of pasuia ; to crush, — wawa-

pa^uia : also 1st pers. sing, of pa^uia.
wa-pa'-ta, v. of p4ta ; to cut up, as a butcher

does an animal, — wawapata : also 1st pers. sing.

of p4ta.
■wa-pa'-tar), v. of patai) ; to push ; to mash ; to

be saving of, — wawapatai] : also 1st pers. sing.

of patai).
■wa-pa'-tag-ka, n. one who is saving.
■wa-pa'-ta-pi, n. meat cut up ; the act of cutting

up meat.
"wa-pa'-ti-ca, v. to scrape away, as snow, — wa-

wapatica : also 1st pers. sing, of paticSa.
■wa-pa'-tiij-za, v. to press hard, — wawapatiq-

za : also 1st pers. sing, of pat.ii)za.
■wa-pa'-to-ya, v. to obstruct, bear down on, —

wapatowaya.
■wa-pa'-we-ga, v. to break or fracture, — wawa-

pawega : also 1st pers. sing, of pawega.
■wa-pa'--wi-hnu-nl, v. to destroy, — wawapawi-

hnuni : also 1st pers. sing, of pawihnuni.
■wa'-pa--wir)-ta, v. of apawigta ; to rub on, to

plaster: what is put on as plastering, — wawapa-

wiqta.

WAP

226

WAS

"Wa-pa'-wiQ-za, v. of pawiqia ; to bend down,

as grass : also 1st pers. sing, of pawigia.
■wa'-pa-ye, n. grease, meat ; seasoning of any

kind.
■wa'-pa-ye-ya, v. a. to use for seasoning, — wa-

payewaya.
"wa-pa'-zax), v. to separate, part, as hair, — wa-

wapazai) : also 1st pers. sing, of pazaq.
"wa-pa'-ze-ze, v. 1st pers. sing, of pazeze.
•wa-pa'-zo, V. of pazo ; to show, — wawapazo :

also 1st pers. sing, of pazo.
vra-pa'-zoQ-ta, v. to sew up with a running

thread, to baste, — wawapazoijta : also 1st pers.

sing, of pazoijta.
wa-pa'-za-za, v. of paiaia ; to wash, — wawa-

pazaia : also 1st pers. sing, of paia^a.
•wa-pa'-zir), v. n. to be prevented, not to be able

to accomplish, — wamapaiiij.
■wa-pa'-zi-pa, v. of pazipa ; to pinch, — wawapa-

zipa : also 1st pers. sing, of paiipa.
wa-pa'-zui), V. of pazug ; to dig up with the

bill, as ducks feeding under water.
■wa-pa'-zu-zu, v. of pazuiu ; to erase ; to de-
molish,— wawapaiuiu : also 1st pers. sing, of pa-

iuzu.
■wa-pce'-ya, v. of pceya ; to cut and dry meal,

— wapcewaya, wapc'eui)yai)pi.
•wa-pee'-ya-pi, n. drying meat of any kind.
■wa-pe', V. to snow. See wapa.
■wa-pe'-har), v. to fold, — wawapeliaq : also'' 1st

pers. sing, of pehag.
■wa-pe'-pe-ka, n. prickles, briers, thorns ; the

prickly ash.
•wa'-pe-tog-tog-ya, adv. marvellously, miracu-
lously.
"wa'-pe-tog-to-ke-ea, n. signs, marks ; miracles,

wonders.
■wa'-pe-tog-toi), V. a. to mark any thing, have

a sign, — wapetogwatog, wapetoguijtoripi.
■wa'-pe-tog-toQ-pi, n. marks, signs.
wa'-pe-tog-ya, adv. marvellously.
•wa'-pe-to-ke-ea, n. a sign, a mark, a bound ;

a miracle.
■wa'-pi, adj. lucky, fortunate, — wamapi, wanipi,

wauijpipi.
wa-pi'-da, v. n. to be thankful, glad, — wawa-

pida.
■wa-pi'-da-pi, n. gratitude.
■wa-pi'-da-pi-sni, n. ingratitude.
wa-pi'-da-sni, v. n. to be unthankful, ungrate-
ful,— wawapida^ni.
wa'-pi-ke, n. one who is fortunate.
•wa-pi'-ki-y a, v. to put up and lay away things

well, to rearrange, — wapiwakiya.
•wa'-pi-ya, adv. fortunately.

■wa'-pi-ya, v. a. to make fortunate, — wapiwaya.
■wa-pi'-ya, v. to conjure the sick, to powwow

in the Indian way, — wapiwaya. See pikiya.
wa-pi'-ye, w. a conjuror, an Indian doctor.
■wa-po'-ge-hna-ka, n. a nose jewel.
■wa-po'-star), n. a kind of hood or wrapper for a

child.
•wa-pus'-a-spai), adj. well cooked, well done,

cooked dry.
■wa-pus'-a-spai)-yar), v. to cook thoroughly, —

wapusa^pai) waya.
■wa-pu'-ske-pa, v. to filter : also 1st pers. sing.

of puskepa.
■wa-pu'-spa, V. of puspa ; to glue, to seal, — wa-

wapuspa : also 1st pers. sing, of puspa.
■wa-pu'-sta-ka, v. of pustaka ; to stoop down, —

wawapustaka : also 1st pers. sing, of pustaka.
■wa'-pu-ta-ka, v. of aputaka ; to touch with the

hand, press upon, — wawaputaka.
"wa-sam'-hde, v. to place up something black

for a sign or scarecrow, — wasamwahde.
•wa-sam'-hde-ya, adv. in the manner of a

scarecrow.
•wa-sam'-ya, v. of samya ; to blacken, — wasam-

waya.
■wa-sam'-ya-hde-pi, n. something placed for a

scarecrow.
"wa-sai)'-yai), v. of saqyari ; to whiten, — wasaij-

waya.
■wa-sai)'-yar)-hde-pi, n. a scarecrow, any thing

white put up to scare away birds.
wa-sa'-pe-dai), n. the black bear ; i. q. wahaq-

ksica.
■wa-sa'-za, v. n. to be nervous, easily excited, —

wamasaza.
wa-sa'-ze-ca, n. one who is easily made sick ;

i. q. wakahtakeca, — wamasazeca.
wa-sda'-ya, v. of sdaya ; to oil, to grease, — wa-

sdawaya.
"wa-sdi'-pa, v. of sdipa ; to lick, — wawasdipa :

also 1st pers. sing, of sdipa.
"wa-sdo'-ea, v. of sdoca ; to know.
wa-sdon'-ya, v. of sdonya ; to know, — wasdon-

waya, wasdonuflyaijpi.
wa-sdon'-ya-pi, n. knowledge.
"wa-sdon'-ye, n. one who knows.
■wa-sdon'-ye-ya, v. a. to cause to know, — wa-

sdonyewaya.
■wa-se', n. red earth, vermillion : Waseyuzapi,

Vermillion river.
■wa-se '-yaij-ka, v. n. to have a spot on one's

face, etc., — wasemayaijka.
•vsra-si'-cu, n. the keel or bottom of a boat.
■wa-si'-cu-ha, n. the bottom of a boat ; the bot-
tom of a beards foot.

WAS

227

WAS

■wa'-skam-ya, v. of askamya ; to make stick on,

as a plaster, — waskamwaya.
"wa'-skam-ya-pi, n. a pitch plaster.
■wa'-ska-pe, n. sticking plaster.
"wa-sku'-ya, n. green corn boiled and afterwards

shelled and dried ; sweet corn.
■wa-sku'-ye-da, n. fruit of all kinds.
"wa-sna', n. lard, grease, tallow.
■wa-sna'-po-hdl, n. pimples.
•wa-sna'-ta-sa-ka, n. tallow.
■wa-sor)', V. of soi) ; to braid in strings, as com

or hair, — wawasoi) ; also 1st pers. sing, of sog.
■wa-spar)'-ta-ha-za, n. service berries.
■wa-spar)'-ta-he-ya, n. (wa spai) and heya)

small black bugs or grubs which appear when the

snow melts off : hence the name.
"wa-stu'-ste-ya, v. to weary one, — wastuste-

waya. See wa^tu^teya.
"Wa-su', n. hail.
■wa-su'-tor), v. of sutoi) ; to get ripe, ripen, as

grain or fruit.
■wa-su'-toQ-pi, n. harvest.
■wa-su'-toQ-vn, n. the moon in which com

ripens, answering to August.
■wa-s'ag, cont. of was'aka : was'ag hiijhda, to be-
come strong ; wa^'agi^iya, to strengthen oneself.
■wa-s'ag'-ya, v. a. to make strong, — wai'agwaya,

wa4'agui)yai)pi.
"wa-s'a'-ka, adj. strong, — wama^'aka, wanii'aka,

wauijs'akapi.
"wa-sa'-ka-dai), adj. cheap ; easy, opposed to

tehika.
"wa-sa'-ka-ye-darj, adv. easily, cheaply.
■wa-se'-ea, adj. rich, especially in provisions, —

wamaseca, wani4eda, waugiec'api.
■wa-se'-sa, n. red paint, vermillion.
■wa-si'-ca-ho-wa-ya, v. to cry out badly, to

moan, to groan, — wa^icahowamda.
■wa-si'-ee-da-ka, v. of ^idedaka ; to dislike ; one

who dislikes, — wa^idewadaka.
Wa-si'-6ur), n. Frenchmen, in particular ; all

white men, in general. It is said that this word

is nearly synonymous with wakai), — Wama^idu^,

Wani^icui).
Wa-si'-6ur)-ho-ksi-dai3, n. a French boy ; the

common name for the Canadians in the Dakota

country ; any one who labors.
Wa-si'-eur)-liir)-6a, n. a Frenchman from

France.
Wa-si'-cur)-"wa-kar), «. the name given to mis-
sionaries and ministers of the Gospel generally.

Same as wica^tawakai).
"Wa-si'-hda, v. to mourn for the dead, put on

mourning ; to paint oneself black, as in mourn-
ing,— wa^inwahda, wa^inughdapi.

■wa-si'-hda, n. mourning habiliments.
"wa-si'-hda-hda-ka, n. one who gets angry at

every thing. See sihda.
wa-si'-hda-ya, adv. in mourning.
■wa-si'-Rar), v. of sihai) ; to act wickedly, — wa-

siwahai).
■wa-si'-kte, n. pulmonary consumption, any lin-
gering disease. See wa^iijkte.
•wa-sir)', n. fat not tried out, fat meat, pork.
■wa-sir)'-kte, n. pulmonary consumption, a lin-
gering disease.
■wa-sir)'-yar)-se-ea, n. a species of fish with red

fins.
■wa-si'-tki-hda, v. to be angry.
■wa-si'-tki-hda-ya, v. of ^itkihdaya ; to distress

or make angry ; one who makes angry.
■wa-skar)'-skar)-yar), v. to cause to move ; one

who causes to move or live, — waskag^kagwaya.
"wa-sna'-he-ea, n. soft snow, snow that falls in

soft fakes. See wahisnahec'a.
■wa-snis'-ya, v. to cause to wither ; one who

causes to wither, — wa^niswaya.
"wa-sni'-za, adj. withered. See sniia.
■wa-sor)', n. See wasui).
■wa-spar)'-ka, n. cooked food.
■wa-spar)'-yai), v. of ^paijyaq ; to cook, as food,

— waspaijwaya.
■wa-ste', adj. good; pretty, — mawa^te, ui)wa-

stepi.
■wa-ste'-ea, adj. See wa^tec'aka.
"wa-ste'-ca-ka, adj. good, well disposed.
■wa-ste '-da, v. a. to esteem good, to love, — waite-

wada, wasteugdapi, wastedida.
■wa-ste'-da-ka, v. a. to love, — wadtewadaka.
■wa-ste '-da-ka-pi, w. love; one who is loved.
■wa-ste '-hir)-6a, adj. very good.
■wa-ste '-i-cl-da, v. reflex, of waiteda; to love

oneself, to be selfish ; to be proud, — wa^temi^ida.
"wa-ste'-ki-ei-da-pi, v. recip. loving each other ;

wa^tekicidakapi, loving one another.
■wa-ste '-ki-da, v. pos. of wa^teda ; to love one's

own, — wastewakida.
■wa-ste '-ki-da-ka, v. pos. of waitedaka ; to love

one's own, — wa^tewakidaka.
■wa-ste'-mna, adj. sweet-scented, odoriferous,
■wa-ste '-mna-y a, v. a. to perfume, to embalm,

— wastemnawaya, wa^temnamayag.
■wa-ste'-ste, adj. red. of wa^te.
■wa-ste'-ste-ya, adv. red. of wasteya.
■wa-ste '-y a, v. a. to make good, — waste waya.
■wa-ste'-ya, adv. well, in a good manner.
■wa-ste'-ya-ken, adv. well.
■wa-stu'-ea, v. to thaw.
■wa-stun'-ya, v. of ^tunya; to thaw, cause to

thaw, as any thing frozen, — waitunwaya.

WAS

228

WAT

"wa-stu'-ste-ya, v. of stusteya ; to weary out,

— wastu^tewaya.
"wa-siil)', n. the den or hole of animals who live

in water, as the beaver, etc. ; a bear's den.
"wa-sug'-pa, v. of suijpa ; to moult or shed fea-
thers.
'wa-sur)'-pa-"wi, «. the moon in which geese, etc.,

shed their feathers ; July.
■wa'-ta, V. of yuta; to eat, — wawata, wayata,

wauqtapi : wota is the form used in the third

person : also 1st pers. sing, of yuta.
■wa-ta', n. old hard snow.

■wa'-ta, n. a canoe, a boat : caij wata, a dug-
out ; wata tagka, a large boat ; peta wata, a

steam-boat ; wita wata, a ship.
■wa-ta'-kpe, v. of takpe ; to attack, attempt to

seize, — watawakpe ; watakpe mda.
■wa-tan', adv. (wata and en) in the boat.
■wa-tan'-o-pa, v. (wata en and opa) to embark.
"wa-tai)', n. bait, used in fishing, etc.
■wa-taQ'-ir)-sni, adj. lost.
"wa-taij'-ka, n. one who is great or rich.
■wa-tar)'-ka-da, v. a. to esteem great, — watagka-

wada.
■wa-tai)'-ka-i-di-da, v. reflex, to esteem oneself

highly, to be proud, — watagkami^Jida.
wa-tarj'-ka-i-ei-da-pi, n. pride, haughtiness.
■wa-tag'-ya, v. a. to use a thing/or bait, — wa-

ta^waya.
■wa-ta'-pa, v. of tapa ; to pursue, — watawapa.
■wa-ta'-tpe, v. Same as watakpe.
"wa-ta'-tpe-ya-pi, n. attacking, an attack.
"wa-ta'-wa-ten-y a, v. of tawatenya ; to be will-
ing to do or suffer, — watawatenwaya.
■wa-ta'-vra-ya, v. of tawaya ; to own, possess, —

watawawaya.
■wa-te'-ca, n. snow lately fallen.
■wa'-te-ea, n. a part of one's food : watec'a

hduha, he has food.
■wa-te'-hi-ka, adj. difficult, hard, as a man in

his dealings ; dear, as goods, etc.
■wa-te'-hiij-da, v. of tehiijda ; to withhold what

one has ; not to give away ; to be stingy : one

who withholds, — watewahiqda.
■wa-te'-Mij-da-pi, n. parsimony.
■wa-tem'-ki-ei-ci-ya, v. of temya ; to eat up for

one, — watemweciciya.
•wa-tem'-ki-ya, v. pos. of watemya ; to eat up

one's own ; to eat up for one, — watemwakiya,

watemmakiya.
■wa-tem'-ya, v. of temya; to eat all up, to

devour : one who eats up, as a wolf, etc., — wa-

temwaya, watemu^ya^pi.
■wa-ten', v. tokiq aguyapi waten, oh! that I

had bread to eat. See yuta.

■wa-te'-sdag-ki-toi), v. n. to wear a fillet or
garland around the head, — wate^dagwetoi).

•wa-te'-sdag-tor), v. n. to have or wear a gar-
land or civic crown, — wate^dagwatoi).

■wa-te'-sda-ke, n. a fillet, a wreath, a dvic
crown, any thing wrapped around the head.

"wa-te'-te, n. the rim or edge of a boat, the gun-
wale. See matete.

■wa-te'-zi, n. the stomach of a bear.

■wa-tka', V. of tka ; to scrape, as hides, — wawa-
tka : also 1st pers. sing, of tka.

■wa-to', n. grass, green grass, weeds.

■wa-tog'-ya, v. a. to take vengeance, to retaliate,
— watogwaya.

■wa-to '-ha, n. (wata and yuha) a portage.

"wa-to'-i-hu-ni, v. n. to come to land with a boat,

"wa-to'-i-hu-ni, n. a landing-place.

■wa-to'-ka, n. the bow of a boat. See watokapa.

•wa-to'-ka-hai), v. n. to stand in the bow of a
boat ; one who stands in the bow of a boat, — wa-
tokawahaii.

•wa-to '-ka-pa, n. of tokapa ; the first-born ; the
birthright ; the bow of a boat : one who sits in
the bow of a boat, — watomakapa, watonikapa.

■wa-to'-ka-pa-tar)-har), adv. on or at the bow
of a boat.

"wa-to'-ke-ea, n. of tokeca ; a different kind of
food from what one has been accustomed to.

■wa-to '-ksu, V. of toksu ; to carry, transport, —
watowak^u, watouriksupi.

■wa-to '-ksu-pi, n. transportation.

■wa-tom', cont. of watopa : watom mda.

■wa-toQ', V. of toi) ; to have, possess, — wawatoq :
also Ist pers. sing, of toi).

■wa-tor)'-ka, n. one who is rich.

■wa-to '-pa, V. to paddle a canoe, — watowapa, wa-
tougpapi : its hekta watopa, to row.

■wa-to'-pa-pi, n. rowing, paddling.

■wa-to'-pa-pi-"wi, n. the moon in which the
waters become navigable, April. Same as magao-
kadawi.

■wa-to'-pe-kl-ya, v. a. to make paddle or row, —
watopewakiya : sina watopekiya, to sail.

■wa-to'-to-ya, adv. grass-like, green.

■wa-to'-ya, adv. greenly.

■wa-tpa', n. a river, a stream, a creek ; the how
of a boat, compounded of wata and pa ; the out-
side and bottom of a canoe or boat.

■wa-tpa'-dar), n. a brook, a rivulet.

■wa-tpi'-ea-hida, adv. by the side of a stream.

"wa-tpo'-hna, adv. on a stream, by a stream.

■wa-tpo'-kL-zu, n. the junction of streams : wa-
tpokiiu mdote, the mouth of a river.

"wa-tpo'-ki-zu-ya, v. a. to cause the junction of
streams, — watp okiiu waya.

WAT

229

WAW

"wa-tpo'-pa, adv. in a stream.
■wa-tpo'-pta, adv. across a stream.
■wa-tpu'-tpa, n. dust.
■wa-tu'-ka, adj. faint, weary, exhausted, — ^wama-

tuka.
■wa-tu'-se-kse-ea, n. dust, dirt, sweepings ;

manure.
wa-tu'-tka, n. small animals ; little things.
"wa-tu'-tka-dai), n. small animals.
"wa-tu'-tka-tka, n. trifles. See tutkatka.
"wa-te'-ea, adj. gentle, mild, docile, tractable.
■wa-^e'-ca-ka, adj. Same as wateca.
'wa-ti'-yu-'wi, n. running vines.
■wa-tugg'-ya, v. a. to try to prevent, — watuijg-

waya. Perhaps this word may also be used in

the sense of tuijgya, to suspect, have an indistinct

knowledge of. See itu^keca.
■wa-u'-ka, n. the skin of a bear.
■wa-ui)', V. of uij ; to be ; to be well off, — wa-

wauq : also 1st pers. sing, of \a).
■wa-xiij'-ea, v. of ui)ca; to mock, imitate, — ^wa-

uqwaca, wauquQcapi.
■wa-urj'-ea, n. a mocker ; a monkey.
■wa-ui)'-ea-d.aQ, n. a mocker ; a monkey.
■wa-uij'-ka, v. to live well ; one who lives well,

— wawauijka.
vra-urj'-UQ-ka, n. one who wanders about, a

vagabond.
"Wa'-wa-cii), v. of awaciij ; to think of, — wdwa-

ca^mi.
•wa -wa'-ciQ-kta-yu-za, or "svawa6ix)-ekta-

yuza, V. n. to be kind, forbearing, long-suffer-
ing,— wawacii)ktamduz3.
■wa-vra'-ha, n, furs, peltries.
wa-'wa'-lipa-ni-yai), v. of wahpaniya^ ; to

make poor, — wawahpaniwaya.
■wa-Ava'-ki-pa-zir), v. n. to rebel against, oppose ;

to be a rebel, — wawawakipaiig, wawau^kipa-

zi^pi.
■wa-'wa'-ki-pa-zir)-pi, n. opposition, rebellion.
•wa-Tva'-ki-pa-zir)-yai), adv. rebelliously.
■wa-wa'-mna-da, v. of wamnada; to respect,

honor, have a high opinion of ; one who respects,

— wawamnawada.
'wa-'wa'-nina-da-siii, n. one who respects no-
thing.
■wa-vra'-ni-ea, n. one who is nothing, an insig-
nificant fellow.
■wa--wa'-iii-ce-ca, v. there is nothing.
■wa-Avar)'-yag, cont. of wawaijyaka ; wawapyag

mde kta, / will go to see.
"wa-warj'-ya-ka, v. of waijyaka ; to look on,

see, — wawaqmdaka, wawaijdaka, wawaguijyaka-

pi.
■wa-waq'-ya-ke, n. a looker-on.

■wa-^wa'-pi-da-ki-ya, v. of pidakiya; to make

glad ; one who makes glad, — wawapidawakiya.
"wa-"wa'-si-cur)-yai3, adv. like a white man;

said of a good dog that finds much game.
"wa--wa'-si-eui)-yai)-ka, n. one who finds much,

as game.
■wa-"wa'-si-tki-hda, v. n. to be angry, vexed ;

one who is angry.
•wa-wa'-si-tki-hda-ya, v. of ^itkihdaya; to

make angry, — wawasitkihdawaya.
'wa-'wa'-te-ea, adv. nearly, almost, i. q. i^nikae^ :

wawatec'a ec'amoi) kta, / had almost done it.
■wa-vra'-yu-sna, v. of wayusna ; to sacrifice ;

one who sacrifices, a priest, — wawamdusna.
"wa-'wi'-eali-ya, v. of icahya ; to cause to grow,

to form ; to create, — wawicahwaya.
Wa-'wi'-eafi.-ye, n. a maker, a former; the

Creator.
■wa'-"wi-ear)-ksi, v. n. of cagksi ; to be cross,

ill-natured, — wawidanwaksi.
■wa'-wl-ear)-ksi-ka, n. a wrangler, a conten-
tious person.
■wa'-'wl-eai)-ksi-ya, adv. crossly, roughly.
■wa-"wi'-ei-fea-lia, n. one who commits adultery.
'Wa-'wl'-ei-lia-lia-pi, n. a laughing-stock ; adul-
tery : wawicihahapi ecanoi) kte tei, thou shalt

not commit adultery.
■wa-vri'-da-ke, n. a master, a king, a ruler ; a

kingdom.
"wa-"wi'-har)g-ya, v. of ihaijgya ; to destroy,—

wawihai)gwaya.
•wa-wi'-hai)g-ye, n. a destroyer.
■wa-vnl'-ha, v. of iha ; to laugh at, — wawiwata.
■wa-vri'-lia-ha, v. red. of wawiha.
■wa-"wi'-BLa-ya, v. a. to cause to laugh at, — wa-

wihawaya.
■wa-Tvi'-na-hni, v. of inahni ; to be in haste.
"wa-viri'-na-lim-yar), v. to hasten, cause to

hurry, — wawinahniwaya.
'wa-'wi'-na-ki-Bini, v. to be in haste, to do hefme-

hand, — wawinawakihni.
"wa-Avi'-na-ki-lini-ka, n. one who is in haste.
■wa-'wl'-ni-har), adj. of inihai) ; fearful, afraid ;

inspiring fear : wawinihar) mai)ka.
"wa-wi'-ni-hag-yai), n. to make afraid, — wawj-

nihaijwaya.
■wa--viri'-ni-har)-yar), adv. fearfully.
'wa-'wi'-pi-da, v. of ipida ; not to give, to re-
fuse,— wawipiwada.
■wa-'wi'-pi-i-ei-da, v. refiex. of wawipida ; to

think more of oneself than of any one else, said of

a woman who is unwiUing to marry, — wawipi-

mi^ida.
■wa-"wl'-ste-ea, adj. modest, ashamed. See wi-

^teda, the better form.

WAW

230

WAY

•wa-'wi'-sten-ya, v. to make ashamed, — wawi-

stenwaya.
"wa-wi'-sten-ya, adv. ashamedly ; bashfully .
"wa-vri'-tko-ya, v. of witkoya ; to make drunk,

— wawitkowaya.
wa-'wi'-tor)-pa, v. of itogpa ; to he careful, —

wawitoijwapa.
■wa-"wi'-tor)-pa-pi, n. carefulness.
•wa-wi'-torj-pa-pi-sni, n. carelessness.
"wa-'wi'-'war)-ga, v. of iwaijga ; to inquire, ask

questions.
"wa-'wi'-'war)-ga-pi, n. inquiring.
'wa-wi'-'wagh, cont. of wawiwaijga: wawiwaijH

mda, I ffo to inquire.
■wa-"wi'-"wai)h-tu-ken, adv. in an inquiring

manner.
■wa-'wi'-'war)li-ya, adv. inquiringly.
■wa-'wi'-ya-eir), v. of iyacig ; to liken to, to use

parables, — wawimdacii) .
■wa-"wl'-ya-eii)-yar), adv. figuratively.
■wa-'wi'-ya-Mag-i-a, v. to find fault, — wawiya-

itagiwaa.
■wa-"wi'-ya-Ma-ka, v. of ya&taka ; to bite.
"wa-vri'-ya-pe, v. of iyape ; to lie in wait, — wa-

wiyawape.
■wa-"wi'-ye-ki-ya, v. of iyekiya ; to recognise, —

wawiyewakiya.
■W"a-"wi'-ye-ya, v. of iyeya ; to find, — wawiye-

waya.
wa-'wi'-ye-ye-ea, n. one that finds much, as a

good dog.
■wa-"wi'-yo-hi, v. of iyohi ; to reach to, extend to,

arrive at ; to be sufficient for, — wawiyowahi.
'wa-'wl'-yo-lii-ya, v. a. to cause to reach to, —

wawiyohiwaya.
'wa-'wi'-yo-hi-ya, adv, reaching to, arriving at.
•wa-'wi'-yo-kl-pi, v. of iyokipi ; to be pleased

with, — wawiyomakipi.
■wa--wl'-yo-ki-pi-ya, adv. joyfully, gladly,

pleasingly.
•wa-\wl'-yo-ki-si-ea, v. of iyoki^ica ; to be sad,

— wawiyomakisida.
vra-\si'-yo-ki-sin, cont. of wawiyokisida ; sad :

wawiyoki^in waui), / am sad.
■wa-vn'-yo-ki-sin-ya, v. of iyoki^inya ; to

make sad, — wawiyokisinwaya.
■wa-wi'-yo-ki-sin-ya, adv. sadly, sorrowfully.
■wa--wi'-yo-pe-ki-y£i, v. of iyopekiya ; to sell ;

to reprove, — wawiyopewakiya.
■wa-vri'-yo-pe-ya, v. of iyopeya ; to reprove, —

wawiyopewaya.
■wa-"wi'-yu-ka-ki-za, v. of yukakiia ; to make

suffer, — wawimdukakiia.
■wa-Tvi'-yu-kcar), v. of iyukcaq ; to judge, to

examine, — wawimdukdaq.

■wa--wi'-yu-kear)-ka, n. one who examines atui

judges.
■wa-Avi'-yu-pi-ya, adv. well, expertly.
■wa--wi'-yu-tai)-yar), v. of iyutaijyai) ; to tempt :

taku wawiyutaqyai) u^ kiq, the tempter ; tempta-
tion.
■wa-"wi'-3ru-tai)-ye, n. one who tempts.
■wa-'wo'-Mr)-yar), v. of otiijyai) ; to be dissatis-
fied with, — wawowaWriyai).
"wa-'wo'-ki-hi, v. of okihi ; to he able, — wawo-

wakihi.
■wa-'wo'-kl-hi-ka, n. one who is able : wica^ta

wawokihika, a man of ability.
'wa-'wo'-ki-hi-ya, v. to make able, — wawokihi-

waya.
■wa-"W"o'-ki-ya, v. of okiya ; to help ; to he with,

to accompany, — wawowakiya.
'wa-'wo'-ki-ye, n. orw who helps ; help.
■wa--wor)'-spe-ki-ya. See waoqspekiya.
•wa-wo'-ste-hda, v. of ostehda ; to call bad

names ; one who speaks evil of, — wawostewahda.
'wa-'wo'-ya-ka, v. of oyaka ; to relate ; one who

relates, a narrator, — wawomdaka.
■wa-ya'-a-tai)-ir), v. of yaatai)ii) ; to make mani-
fest, proclaim, — wamdaataqii).
'wa-ya'-a-sda, v. of yaasda ; to graze.
•wa-ya'-a-sda-ya, adv. of yaa^daya ; explaining,

unfolding.
■wa-ya'-a-ska-dar), v. of yaaikadai) ; to speak

of as near, — wamdaa^kadaq.
■wa-ya'-ba-za, v. of yabaza ; to bite, as dogs do

in playing with one another,
■wa-ya'-ba-za, v. of yabaia ; to bite or gnaw at,

as dogs.
•wa-ya'-ear)-car), v. of yada^dai) ; to make shake

with the mouth, — wamdacai)cai).
■wa-ya'-ee-kde-ka, v. of yacekdeka ; to make

stagger by biting, etc., — wamdadekdeka.
■wa-ya'-ee-ya, v. of yadeya ; to make cry by

scolding, etc., — wamdadeya.
■wa-ya'-el-ka-dar), v. See wayacistiijna.
■wa-ya'-ei-stir)-na, v. of yadistiijna ; to speak

of as small, to underrate, — wamdadistiijna.
■wa-ya'-eo, v. of yado ; to judge, condemn, —

wamdaco.
•wa-ya'-co, n. a judge.
■wa-ya'-co-co, v. of yadodo ; to make soft by

biting, to chew, — wamdadodo.
■wa-ya'-eo-co-ka, n. one who always gives his

opinion.
■wa-ya'-CO-ya, adv. in the manner of judging.
■wa-ya'-eo-za, v. of yadoza ; to make warm by

biting, etc., — wamdadoza.
"wa-ya'-e-ee-tu, v. of yaedetu ; to accomplish or

bring to pass by speaking, — wamdaedetu.

WAY

231

WAY

■wa-ya'-ga, v. of yaga; to btte off, as husks.
•wa-ya'-ga-pa, v. of yagapa ; to bite off the skin

or husk ; one who bites, as a horse.
"wa-ya'-ha-ha-ke, ». one who causes to waver

by biting.
■wa-ya'-ha-ha-ye-dai), v. of yahahayedaq ; to

make waver or to render unstable by biting, —

mdahahayedag.
"wa-ya'-ha-i-ye-ya, v. to throw down by biting,

as one horse does another.
■wa-ya'-hba, v. of yahba ; to shell off with the

tee th, — wamdahba.
■wa-ya'-hda, n. of yahda ; to draw out or uncoil,

as a dog does when eating the fat from entrails.
■wa-ya'-hda-he-ya, adv. of yahdaheya; con-
tinuously, connectedly : wayahdaheya ia.
"wa-ya'-hdo-ka, v. of yahdoka ; to put out of

joint with the teeth.
■wa-ya'-hijj-ta, v. of yahi^ta ; to brush away

with the mouth : one who names every point in

his speech and thus brushes it away, — wamda-

hiqta.
■wa-ya'-hml-hma, v. of yahmihma; to make

roll with the mouth, — wamdahmihma.
■wa-ya'-hmi-yaQ-yai), v. to make round with

the mouth, — wamdahmiyaqyai).
■wa-ya'-hna-skir)-yar), v. to make crazy by

talking to, — wamdahnaskiijyag.
■wa-ya'-hna-yai), v. to miss with the mouth,

to deceive, to tell a falsehood, — wamdahnayai).
■wa-ya'-hnu-ni, v. to make wander in mind by

talking to, to confuse, — wamdahnuni.
•wa-ya'-ho-ho, v. of yahoho ; to make loose by

biting, — wamdahoho.
■wa-ya'-ho-mni, v. of yahomni ; to turn one

around by talking, persuade one to change his

opinions, — wamdahomni.
■wa-ya'-ho-ta, n. a species of wild rye ; tares.
•wa-ya'-ho-tor), v. of yahotoi) ; to make cry out

by biting, — wamdahotoi).
■wa-ya'-hu-hu-za, v. of yahuhuza ; to shake

with the mouth, — wamdahuhuza.
■wa-ya'-hu-te-dai), v. to bite off short.
■wa-ya'-ha-pa, v. of yahapa; to scare up by

talking, as game, — wamdahapa.
■wa-ya'-hba, v. of yahba ; to make sleepy by

talking to, — wamdahba.
■wa-ya'-hci, v. of yahci ; to bite out a piece, —

wamdahci.
■wa-ya'-lida, v. of yahda ; to rattle with tlie

mouth.
wa-ya'-Iida-ta, v. of yahdata ; to scratch with

the teeth.
"wa-ya'-hde-ea, v. of yahdeca ; to tear with the

teeth, — wamdahdeca.

"wa-ya'-hdo-ka, v. of yahdoka ; to bite a hole in,

— wamdahdoka.
"wa-ya'-he-pa, v. of yahepa ; to drink all up,

— wamdahepa.
"wa-ya'-he-ya-ta, v. of yaheyata ; to put one

back by talking ; one who disparages others by

what he says, — wamdaheyata.
■wa-ya'-M-ea, v. of yahica ; to waken up, cause

one to awaken by speaking to him, — wamdahica.
■wa-ya'-hi-ya-ya, v. of yahiyaya ; to be awk-
ward in doing any thing with the mouth, as in

singing, making a bullet round, etc., — wamdahi-

yaya.
■wa-ya'-hpa, v. of yahpa ; to throw down with

the mouth, — wamdahpa.
"wa-ya'-fipu, v. of yahpu ; to bite off any thing

that had been glued on, — wamdahpu.
■wa-ya'-Ma-ka, v. of yahtaka ; to bite ; one that

bites, as a dog, — wamdahtaka.
"wa-ya'-hu, v. of yahu ; to peel off with the

teeth, — wamdahu.
"wa-ya'-hu-ga, v. of yahuga ; to crush with the

teeth, — wamdahuga.
"wa-ya'-i-de, v. of yaide ; to blow and make

blaze, — wamdaide.
■wa-ya'-i-ha, v. of yaiha ; to make laugh by

talking ; one who jests and makes others laugh.
"wa-ya'-i-na-hni, v. to hasten, make hurry, —

wamdainahni.
■wa-ya'-i-ni-na, v. of yainina ; to put to silence

by speaking, — wamdainina.
•wa-ya'-i-nln-ya, adv. putting to silence : waya-

ininya ia.
■wa-ya'-i-ste-ea, v. to make ashamed by talking

to.
"wa-ya'-i-yo-ka, v. to set aside by counter argu-
ment ; one who in argument refutes what has

been said by others.
■wa-ya'-i-yo-'\va, v. of yaiyowa ; to make yawn

by talking.
■wa-ya'-i-yo-'wa-za, v. to speak of as pertain-
ing to.
"Wa-ya'-ka, n. a captive taken in war, a pri-
soner : wayaka ahdi, to bring home a captive.
"wa-ya'-ka-ka, v. of yakaka; to champ, as a

horse.
•wa-ya'-ka-pa, v. of yakapa ; to catch in the

mouth, — wamdakapa.
■wa-ya'-ka-tir), v. to straighten with the mouth.
^w■a-ya'-ka-■wa, v. of yakawa ; to open with the

mouth.
■wa-ya'-kea, v. of yakca ; to untie with the mouth,

to disentangle, — wamdakca.
■wa-ya'-ke-za, v. to make smooth with the

mouth.

WAY

232

WAY

"wa-ya'-kir)-za, v. to grit or grind the teeth, as

a cow.
■wa-ya'-ko-ke-dai), v. to make active hy talk-
ing to, — wamdakokedag.
wa-ya'-ko-ko-ka, v. to make the teeth rattle, —

wamdakokoka.
■wa-ya'-kor)-tkoi)-ta, v. to indent or notch with

the teeth, — wamdakoqtkoijta.
•wa-ya'-ko-ya-haQ^na, v. to hasten one by

speaking to him.
wa-ya'-kpax), v. of yakpaq ; to masticate, — wa-

mdakpai).
■wa-ya'-kpi, v. of yakpi ; to crack with the teeth,

as a louse, — wamdakpi.
■wa-ya'-ksa, v. of yaksa ; to bite off, — wamda-

ksa.
"wa-ya'-ksa-ksa, v. red. of wayaksa.
"wa-ya'-ksa-pa, v. of yaksapa ; to make wise by

instructing, to teach, — wamdaksapa.
■wa-ya'-ksi-za, v. of yaksi^a ; to double up with

the teeth, — wamdaksiia.
■wa-ya'-ktar), v. of yaktaij ; to bend with the

teeth, — wamdaktag .
■wa-ya'-ktar)-yar), adv. bending with the teeth.
"wa-ya'-ku-ka, v. of yakuka ; to bite to pieces,

— wamdakuka.
"Wa-ya'-ke-ga, v. of yal^ega ; to gnaw, — wa-

mdaljega.
■wa-ya'-ke-za^ v. of ya4:eza ; to bite smooth, —

wamdakeza.
"wa-ya'-ko-ga, w. of yai^oga; to gnaw, — wamda-

^oga.
■wa-ya'-mda-ska, v. of yamdaska ; to make flat

with the mouth, — wamdamdaska.
"wa-ya'-mda-ya, v. of yamdaya ; to make level

with the mouth, — wamdamdaya.
■wa-ya'-mda-za, v. of yamdaza ; to bite or tear

open with the teeth, — wamdamdaza.
•wa-ya'-mde-ea, v. of yamdeca ; to break, crush,

or tear in pieces with the teeth, — wamdamdeca.
■wa-ya'-mde-za, v. of yamdeza ; to cheer up by

speaking, — wamdamdeza.
•wa-ya'-mdu, v. of yamdu ; to chew fine, — wa-

mdamdu.
■wa-ya'-mdu-mdu, v. red. of wayamdu.
■wa-ya'-mi-ina, v. of yamima; to make round

in the mouth, — wamdamima.
■wa-ya'-mna, v. of yamna ; to rip with the

teeth ; to gain by talking, — wamdamna.
VT'a-ya'-ninu-ga, v. to grind, as in eating parch-
ed corn, — wamdamnuga.
wa-ya'-nmu-mnu-ga, v. red. of wayamnuga;

to gnaw, as a dog does a bone.
•wa-ya'-nmi-nma, v. of yanminma ; to roll

with the mouth, — wamdanminma.

■wa-ya'-o-el-pte-ca, v. of yaocipteca ; to lessen ;

to count less, to depreciate, — wamdaociptec'a.
■wa-ya'-o-ei-pten, cont. of wayaocipteca.
wa-ya'-o-el-pten-ya, adv. counting less.
■wa-ya'-O-el-pte-tu, adv. in a lessening manner.
■wa-ya'-o-ei-tpa-rd, v. to speak of as unequal ;

to make unequal with the mouth.
■wa-ya'-o-gar), v. to bite a hole in.
■wa-ya'-o-hda-psiQ-yar), v. to root over, as a

hog does any thing : wayaohdap^iqyai) iyeya.
■wa-ya'-o-har)-ko, v. of yaohaqko ; to make

quick by speaking to, — wamdaohai)ko.
"wa-ya'-o-ksa, v. of yaoksa ; to bite through, —

wamdaoksa.
■wa-ya'-o-ktar), v. of yaoktag ; to bend into with

the teeth, — wamdaoktai).
■wa-ya'-O-ni-har), v. of yaonihaij ; to praise,

to honor, — wamdaonihai).
■wa-ya'-o-ni-haQ-yar), adv. praising.
"wa-ya'-O'tar), v. to exhort, — wamdaotai).
■wa-ya'-o-taT)-ir), v. of yaota])ii) ; to make mani-
fest; one who makes manifest, — wamdaotaijii).
■wa-ya'-pa, v. of yapa ; to hold in the mouth, —

wamdapa.
■wa-ya'-pa-ko, v. of yapako ; to bend with the

teeth, — wamdapako.
■wa-ya'-pe-mni, v. of yapemni ; to twist with

the teeth, — wamdapemni.
■wa-ya'-pe-sto, v. of yapesto ; to bite to a point,

— wamdapesto.
■wa-ya'-pi, v. See wayapika.
■wa-ya'-pi-ka, v. n. to be fluent, to speak a lan-
guage well, to be eloquent, — wamdapika, wada-

pika.
wa-ya'-pi-ya, adv. fluently.
"wa-ya'-po-pa, v. of yapopa ; to make burst by

biting, — wamdapopa.
■wa-ya'-po-ta, v. of yapota ; to tear in pieces

with the mouth, to rend ; one who tears in pieces

with the teeth, as a dog, — wamdapota.
"wa-ya'-psa-ka, v. of yapsaka ; to bite off, as

cords, — wamdapsaka.
■wa-ya'-psi-ea, v. of yapsic'a ; to make hyp by

biting, — wamdapsica.
•wa-ya'-psoi), v. of yapsoi) ; to spill with the

mouth, — wamdapsoi).
^w•a-ya'-psuI), v. Same as wayapsog.
•wa-ya'-psur), v. of yap^ui) ; to shed, as a horse

his teeth.
■wa-ya'-ptai)-yag, v. of yaptaijyai) ; to turn

over with the mouth, roll over, — wamdaptai)yaq.
"wa-ya'-pte-ce-dar), v. of yaptecedaij ; to bite

off short.
■wa-ya'-ptu-za, v. of yaptuia ; to split, as a

tooth, — wamdaptuia.

WAY

233

WAY

"wa-ya'-sba, v. to pick of with the teeth, — wa-

mdasba.
■wa-ya'-sde-ca, v. of yasdec'a : to split with the

teeth.
wa-ya'-sdo-hai), v. to drag along with the

mouth, as a wolf or other animal does his prey.
"wa-ya'-sdu-ta, v. to pull out with the teeth, as

a dog does.
■wa-ya'-ska-pa, v. ho wayaskapa. Said of the

creaking noise made by fish when they come to

the top of the water.
■wa-ya'-ske-pa, v. of yaskepa ; to drink all out.
■wa-ya'-ski-ca, v. of yaskica ; to press on with

the mouth, — wamdaskic'a.
■wa-ya'-ski-ta, v. to press on with the mouth,

make tight, — wamdaskita.
"wa-ya'-sku, v. of yasku ; to peel off with the

teeth, bite off the skin or rind, — wamdasku.
■wa-ya'-sku-sku, v. red. of wayasku ; to bite off

the rind or hull, — wamdaskusku.
"wa-ya'-sma-ka, v. to bite and make indenta-
tions.
"wa-ya'-smir), v. to gnaw off, as dogs do.
•wra-ya'-sinig-yaQ-yar), v. to be eaten off

smooth.
"wa-ya'-sna, v. to make ring with the mouth ; to

ravel, — wamdasna.
■wa-ya'-sni, v. to make go out by talking, talk

until the fire goes out.
■wa-ya'-so-ta, v. of yasota ; to eat all up, as

food ; to use up, as words, — wamdasota.
"wa-ya'-so-te-ea, n. one who eats up much.
■wa-ya'-spa-ya, v. of yaspaya ; to wet with the

tnouth, — wamdaspaya.
■wa-ya'-star)-ka, v. to moisten with the mouth.
■wa-ya'-sto, v. of yasto ; to lick down, as one

cow does the hair of another.
"wa-ya'-su, v. of yasu ; to make good with the

mouth, bij speaking, etc., — wamdasii.
"Wa-ya'-su-ta, v. of yasuta ; to make firm with

the mouth, to establish or decree, — wamdasuta.
"wa-ya'-sa-pa, v. of yasapa ; to soil with the

mouth.
■wa-ya'-sda, v. of yasda ; to graze off, make bare,

as cattle do by grazing.
■wa-ya'-sdo-ka, v. of yasdoka ; to bite out.
"wa-ya'-si-ea, v. of yasica ; to speak evil of, to

curse, — wamda^ica, wauijya^icapi.
■wa-ya'-si-hda, v. of yasihda ; to make angry by

talking to.
"wa-ya'-si-Mir), v. of yasihtii] ; to enfeeble by

biting or talking to, — wamdasihtii).
■wa-y a'-si-pa, v. of yasipa ; to bite off close.
■wa-ya'-ska, v. of ya^ka ; to untie with the

mouth.

30

wa-ya'-skag-skai), v. of yaskaijskai) ; to cause

to move with the mouth.
■wa-ya'-ski-ca, v. of yaskida ; to chew and press

with the mouth, as in chewing tobacco, — wamda-

skica.
"wa-ya'-ski-ska, v. of yaskiska; to bite and

make rough ; to get into difficulty by talking, —

wamdaskiska.
•wa-ya'-sko-kpa, v. of yaskokpa ; to gnaw out

a hollow place, — wamdaskokpa.
■wa-ya'-sko-pa, v. of yaskopa ; to make warp or

twist with the mouth.
'wa-ya'-sko-tpa, v. Same as wayaikokpa.
■wa-ya'-sna, v. of ya^na ; to miss or let fall

from the mouth ; to make mistakes in talking ;

to stammer, — wamdasna.
■wa-ya'-spa, v. of yaspa; to bite off pieces, —

wamdaspa.
"wa-ya'-spi, v. of yaspi ; to pick off fruit, as

birds do.
"wa-ya'-spu, v. of yaspu ; to pick off with the

mouth something that has been stuck on.
wa-ya'-spu-ya, v. of ya^puya ; to tickle by

biting, as lice or fleas.
■wa'-ya-star), v. of ayaitai) ; to complete with

the mouth, as eating or speaking, — wiimdastai).
"wa-ya'-su-za, v. of yasuza ; to crush with the

mouth.
■wa-ya'-ta, v. 2d pers. sing, of wota.
"wa-ya'-ta, v. of wota ; to chew, — wamdata.
■wa-ya'-ta-ku-nl-sni, v. to destroy with the

mouth, — wamdatakunisni.
"Wa-ya'-tar), n. a blister, blister salve.
•wa-ya'-tar)-ir), v. of yataqii) ; to make manifest,

— wamdatai)ir).
■wa-ya'-tar)-ka, v. of yataijka ; to speak of as

large, — wamdatai)ka.
"wa-ya'-te-har), v. to speak of as far.
■wa-ya'-te-har)-har), v. to speak slow, — wa-

mdatehaijhai).
"wa-ya'-te-M-ka, v. of yatehika ; to speak of as

difficult, — wamdatehika.
"wa-ya'-te-kon-za, v. to chew the cud, as cows.
"wa-ya'-te-pa, v. of yatepa ; to wear off the teeth,

— wamdatepa.
■wa-ya'-ti-tar), v. of yatitag ; to pull with the

teeth, — wamdatitai).
•wa-ya'-tkai), v. of yatkai) ; to drink, — wa-

mdatkai), wauijyatkaijpi.
■wa-ya'-tke-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to drink ; to

give medicine to, — wayatkewakiya.
■wa-ya'-tkor)-tkor)-ta, v. See wayakoijtkoijta.
■wa-ya'-tkori-za, v. of yatkoijza ; to make equal,

— wamdatkoi) za.
•wa-ya'-tkui)-za, v. See wayatkoijza.

WAY

234

WAY

wa-ya'-tog-ya, adv. wayatogya ia, to speak of

other things.
"wa-ya'-to-kaQ, v. to speak off as in another

place, — wamdatokai) .
■wa-ya'-to-ke-ca, v. of yatokec'a; to alter,

change, speak of as different,— ^wamdaidkeca.
vra-ya'-tpar), v. of yatpaij ; to chew up fine, —

wamdatpaij, wau^yatpaqpi.
wa-ya'-tpu-tpa, v. of yatputpa ; to bite up into

crumbs, — wamdatputpa.
■wa-ya'-tu-ka, v. of yatuka ; to nibble off, as

hair, etc., — wamdatuka.
"wa-ya'-tu-ta, v. to make smart by biting, —

wamdatuta.
■wa-ya'-tu-tka, v. • to bite off in little pieces, —

wamdatutka.
"Wa-ya'-ta, v. of yata ; to bite to death, — wa-

mdata.
•wa-ya'-tir)-za, v. of yatiijza ; to make firm

with the mouth ; to establish, declare.
■wa-ya'-"wa, v. of yawa; to read ; to count, —

wiiindawa, wauijyawapi.
"wa-ya'-^wa-hiQ-yarj-za, v. to bite and make

cross : wayawahii)yai)sya kuwa, to keep biting

for the purpose of making cross.
wa-ya'-'wa-kar), v. to speak of as sacred, —

wamdawakai).
wa-ya'-vrar)-ka, v. to bite down, as a beaver

does trees.
•wa-ya'-'wa-pi, n. reading ; numeration, arith-
metic.
"wa-ya'-"wa-s'a-ka, v. to call strong, — wamda-

was'aka.
'wa-ya'-'wa-sa-ka-dar), v. to speak of as easy

or cheap, — wamdawasakadai].
"wa-ya'-'wa-ste, v. of yawaste ; to bless, — wa-

mdawaste, wadawaste, wauijyawastepi.
■wa-ya'-"we-ga, v. of yawega ; to break partly

off with the mouth, — wamdawega.
•wa-ya'-vri-ea-ka, v. to call true, — wamdawi-

daka.
■wa-y a'-'wi-ca-sta-snl, v. to speak of as wicked,

— wamdawicastasni.
■wa-ya'-Avi-hnu-ni, v. of yawihnuni ; to destroy

with the mouth, — wamdawihnuni.
■wa-ya'--wir)-za, v. to bend down with the

mouth, — wamdawiqia.
"wa-ya'-za, v. to string, as beads, — wamdaza.
■wa-ya'-za-nml, v. of yazamni ; to uncover

with the mouth.
■wa-ya'-zai), v. of yazaq ; to be sick, — wamaya-

zai), waniyazai), wauijyazaijpi : wayazar) hiijhda,
to be taken sick suddenly.
■wa-ya'-zar)-hda, v. to become sick, to feel sick,
— wayazaijwahda.

■wa-ya'-zaq-ka, v. to be sick, — waniayazaijka :

wayazaqke cii), one who is sick.
■wa-ya'-ze, v. of yaze; to take out food with the

mouth, as a dog.
"wa-ya'-zi-ea, v. to stretch any thing with the

mouth, — wamdazica.
■wa-ya'-zo-ka, v. of yazoka : to suck, a& sugar

or candy, — wamdazoka.
•wa-ya'-zoi)-ta, v. of yazoijta; to connect, aa

language, — wamdazoijta.
■wa-ya'-za, v. to crush or bite up.
"wa-ya'-za-za, v. of yaiaia ; to wash or make

clean with the mouth, as a wolf or dog does by

licking bones.
■wa-ya'-zi-pa, v. of yaiipa ; to bite, as mosqui-
toes do.
■wa-ya'-zo, v. of yazo ; to blow on instruments,

— wamdazo.
■wa-ya'-zu-zu, v. of yaiuzu ; to demolish with

the mouth, as an argument by counter argument ;

to tear in pieces, as a dog does any thing with his

mouth ; one who demolishes with his mouth, —

wamdaiuiu.
wa-yu'-a-kl-Rai), v. of yuakihai) ; to make

starve.
■wa-yu'-a-ki-pam, adv. separately. See yuaki-

pam.
•wa-yu'-a-mda-ya, v. of yuamdaya; to make

level.
■wa-yu'-a-sda-ya, v. of yuasdaya; to make

manifest ; to uncover, — wamdua^daya.
"wa-yu'-a-ska-dai), v. of yuaskadai) ; to make

near.
■wa-yu'-a-zi, v. of yuazi ; to run aground, as a

boat.
■wa-yu'-ba-za, v. of yubaza ; to trouble, annoy,

vex ; to twist, roll, — wamdubaza.
■wa-yu'-bo-sda-ta, v. of yubosdata ; to set up-
right.
"wa-jru'-bn, v. of yubu ; to make a drumming

noise.
•wa-yu'-Tju-bu, v. red. of wayubu.
•wa-yu'-car), v. of yucai) ; to sift, — wamdudaij.
■wa-yu'-car)-eag, v. red. of wayudap ; to shake,

sift.
vra-yu'-ee-ka, v. See wayudekceka.
"wa-yu'-ee-kce-ka, v. of yucekdeka ; to make

stagger, — wamdudekdeka.
^w■a-yu'-ee-ya, v. of yudeya ; to make cry.
"wa-jru'-ci-ka-dar), v. of yudi^iadaii ; to make

small, to compress, — wamdudi^adai).
■wa-yu'-ci-stir)-na, v. to make small, — wamdu-

distirina.
■wa-3ru.'-eo, adv. of ayudo ; well, neatly : wayudo

im, carelessly.

WAY

235

WAY

•wa-yu'-eo-co, adv. red. of wayuco.
wa-yu'-eo-ka-ka, v. of yucotaka ; to take out,

empty, as the load from a gun, — wamduc'o-

kaka.
"wa-yu'-eo-ya, adv. well.
•wa-yu'-co-za, v. of yuooza ; to make warm hy

kindling a fire, — wamducoza.
■wa-yu'-e-ee-dai), v. of yue($edag ; to purify, —

wamduecedai).
"wa-yu'-e-ee-tu, v. of yuec'etu ; to make right,

fulfil, accomplish, — wamduecetu.
■wa-yu'-e-ei, v. of yueci ; to turn wrong side

out, — wamduedi.
■wa-yu'-ga, v. of yuga ; to open out or pull off,

as in husking corn, — wamduga.
•wa-yu'-gar), v. of yugaij ; to open, — wamdu-

■wa-yu'-ga-pa, v. of yugapa ; to take off the skin,

as from an animal, to flay, — wamdugapa.
vra-yu'-ga-ta, v. of yugata ; to spread out, as

the hands, — wamdugata.
"wa-yu'-go, V. of yugo ; to make crooked grooves,

as in arrows.
•wa-yu'-go-dai), n. See wai)yugodai).
"wa-yu'-gu-ka, v. of yuguka ; to stretch, strain ;

to sprain, — wamduguka.
■wa-yu'-ha-ha-ka, n. of yuha ; one who pos-
sesses much, — wamduhahaka.
■wa-yu'-ha-ha-ye-dar), v. of yuhahayedai) ; to

make unsteady, — wamduhahayedaij.
■wa-yu'-ha-l-ye-ya, v. to throw or push down.
■wa-yu'-hba, v. of yuhba ; to shell off, — wamdu-

hba.
■wa-yu'-hbe-za, v. of yuhbeza ; to make rough.
■wa-yu'-hda, v. of yuhda ; to untwist, uncoil, —

wamduhda.
•wa-yu'-hdo-ka, v. to dislocate, — wamduhdoka.
■wa-yu'-he-ca, n. one who possesses much, — wa-

mduheca.
"wa-yu'-hi, v. of yuhi ; to drive off, as game, —

wamduhi.
vra-yu'-hii)-ta, v. of yuhiijta ; to sweep off, —

wamduhiijta.
■wa-yu'-hnii-hina, v. of yuhmihma ; to roll, —

wamduhmihma.
■wa-yu'-hmi-yarj-yai), v. of yuhmiyapyaij ; to

make round, — wamduhmiyaijyai).
■wa-yu'-hmuT), v. of yuhmui) ; to twist, — wa-

mduhmui).
wa-yu'-hna, v. of yuhna ; to shake off, as fruit.
■wa-yu'-hna-skir)-yar), v. of yuhnaskiijyai) ; to

make crazy, — wamduhnaskiijyaq.
■wa-yu'-hna-yai), v. to miss, deceive.
"Wa-yu'-hnu-ni, v. of yuhnuni ; to make wan-
der.

■wa-yu'-ho-ho, v. of yuhoho ; to catch and hold

loosely, as something too large to grasp, — wa-

mduhoho.
"wa'-yu-ho-mni, v. of ayuhorani ; to turn round

on.
■wa'-jru-ho-ta, v. to desire much, as food, — wa-

mduhota.
"wa-yu'-ho-tor), v. to cause to make a noise.
■wa-yu'-hu-hu-za, v. of yuhuhuza ; to shake, —

wamduhuhuza.
•wa-3rii'-hu-te-dai), v. of yuhutedaij ; to make

short, wear to a slump, — wamduhutedai).
■wa-yu'-fiag-di-ta, v. to make quick or active.

See yuhai)dita.
"wa-yu'-harj-hi, v. to rhake slow, to retard.

See yuhaijhi.
•wa-yu'-ha-tka, v. of yuhatka ; to make rough.
"wa-yu'-hda, v. of yulida ; to make rattle.
"wa-yu'-Ma-gar), v. of yuhdagaij ; to make

larger, to enlarge.
•wa-yu'-hda-ta, v. of yahdata ; to scratch ; to

dig under.
"wa-yu'-hde-ea, v. of yuhdeda; to tear, — wa-

mduMeca.
•wa-yu'-hdo-ka, v. of yuhdoka ; to make a

hole ; to open, — wamduldoka.
wa-yu'-he-pa, v. of yuhepa ; to drain off ; to

absorb.
■wa-yu'-he-ya-ta, v. of yuheyata ; to shove

aside, push back.
■wa-yu'-M-ea, v. of yuhic'a ; to waken one up,

cause to awake, — wamduliic'a.
"wa-yu'-M-ya-ya, v. of yuhiyaya ; to be awk-
ward, to bungle, — wamduhiyaya.
■wa-yu'-M-ya-ya-ka, n. a bungler.
•wa-yu'-limi, v. of yuhmi ; to make crooked.
■wa-yu'-Rmir), v. of yuhmiij ; to throw off side-
ways.
■wa-yu'-fimur), v. of yuimui) ; to make buzz.
■wa-yu'-fipa, v. of yuhpa; to lay down, throw

down ; to buy a wife, — wamduhpa. See wohpa.
■wa-yu'-lipu, v. of yuhpu ; to pick off pieces.
•wa-yu.'-]itar)-yar), v. of yuhtaqyai) ; to make

rough.
■wa-yu'-htu-ta, v. of yuhtuta ; to make rough,

break the grain of a skin in dressing, — wamdu-

htuta.
■\wa-yu'-hu, v. of yulu ; to peel, — wamdu£u.
■wa-yu'-hu-ga, v. of yuhuga ; to break holes in,

— wamduhuga.
•wa-yu'-hur)-ta, v. of yuhuijta ; to make soft or

pliant, as a skin by rubbing, — wamduhuqta.
■wa-yu'-Biur)-"wir), v. of yuhuijwii) ; to cause to

putrefy.
■wa-yu'-i-6i-6a-lil, v. of yuidicahi ; to mingle.

WAY

236

WAY

"wa-yu'-i-de, v. of yuide ; to make blaze.
■wa-yu'-i-na-hni, v. of yuinahni ; to cause to

hasten, — wamduinahni.
■wa-yu'-i-ste-ea, v. of yui^tec'a ; to make

ashamed.
"wa-yu'-i-yo-ka, v. wayuiyog iyeya, to push

aside, put out of the way.
wa-yu'-i-yo-'wa-za, v. of yuiyowaza ; to cause

an echo.
■wa-yu'-ka-ki-za, v. of yukakiia ; to make suf-
fer,— wamdukakiia.
■wa-yu'-kar), v. of yukaij ; to shake of, as dew.
"wa-yu'-ka-pa, v. of yukapa ; to catch in the

hand, as a ball, — wamdukapa.
■wa-yu'-ka-tii), v. of yukatiij ; to straighten out.
"wa-yu'-ka-Awa, v. of yukawa ; to open out, push

hack, — wamdukawa.
■wa-yu'-kea, v. of yukc'a ; to unfold, untie, —

wamdukca.
■wa-yu'-keai), v. of yukcai) ; to examine, inves-
'■•' tigate, — wamdukcai).

■wa-yu'-ke-ea, v. n. of yukaij ; there is some.
■wa-yu'-kir)-ca, v. of yukiqca ; to scrape.
•wa-yu'-kir)-za, v. of yukiqza ; to make creak,

— wamdukiqza.
•wa-yu'-kl-pa-za, v. of yukipaia ; to double or

fold up.
■wa-yu'-ki-pe-har), v. of yukipehai) ; to fold up.
vra-yu'-ko-ka, v. of yukoka ; to rattle.
■wa-yu'-ko-ke-dai), v. of yukokedaq ; to make

active.
■wa-yu'-ko-ko-ka, v. of yukokoka ; to rattle.
■wa-yu'-ko-pe-hda, v. of yukopehda; to

frighten.
■wa-yu'-ko-ya-haij-na, v. to make hasten.
■wa-yu'-kpar), v. of yukpari ; to make fine, pul-
verize, grind, as grain, — wamdukpai), wadukpai),

wauijyukpaijpi. See wokpa^.
wa-yu'-kpi, v. of yukpi ; to crack.
wa-yu'-ksa, v. of yuksa; to break o^,— wa-

mduksa, waduksa, wauijyuksapi/ See woksa.
■wa-yu'-ksa-ksa, v. red. of wayuksa.
•wa-yu'-ksa-pa, v. of yuksapa ; to make wise ;

one who makes wise, an instructor, — wamduksapa.
■wa-yu'-ksa, v. of yuk^a ; to roll up.
•wa-yu'-ksa-dar), v. of yuk^adai) ; to bend up.
■wa-jru'-ksar), v. of yuksai) ; to bend.
■wa-yu'-ksi-za, v. of yukiiia ; to double up.
■wa-yu'-ktar), v. of yuktai) ; to bend, — wa-

mduktai).
"wa-yu'-ku-ka, v. of yukuka ; to spoil, wear out.
■wa-yu'-ke-ga, v. of yut:ega ; to scratch.
■wa-yu'-ke-za, v. of yut:eza ; to make smooth.
■wa-yu'-ko-ga, v. of yu^oga ; to scratch, make

rough.

"wa-yu'-ko-za, v. of yukoza ; to make smooth.
■wa-yu'-ma-hen-i-ye-ya, v. to put or push

into.
■wa-yu'-mar), v. of yumari ; to whet, file, grind,

as edged tools, — wamdube.
•wa-yu'-mda-ska, v. of yumdaska; to make

flat.
"wa-yu'-mda-ya, v. of yumdaya ; to spread out,

make level, — wamdumdaya.
vra-yu'-mda-za, v. of yumdaza ; to rip open.
"wa-jru'-mde-ea, v. of yumdeda ; to crush, break

in pieces, — wamdumdeca.
■wa-yu'-mdu, v. of yumdu ; to make mellow ; to

plough, — wamdumdu, wadumdu. See womdu.
■wa-yu '-mi-ma, v. of yumima ; to make round

by grinding, — wamdumima.
■wa-3ru.'-mna, v. of yumna ; to rip.
"wa'-yu-mni, v. of ayumni ; to turn round on.
"wa-yu'-mni-ga, v. of yumniga ; to make shrink

or draw up.
■wa-yu'-na-ke-ya, v. of yunakeya ; to turn on

one side.
"wa-yu'-na-ziQ, v. of yunazii) ; to cause to stand

up, — wamdunaiiq .
•wa-yu '-ni-ya-sni, v. of yuniyaini ; to suffocate,

to strangle, — wamduniyasni.
■wa-jni'-nmi-nma, v. of yunminma ; to roll.
•wa-yu'-o-eir)-si-ea, v. of yuociijiica ; to make

cross.
•wa-3ru'-o-ci-pte-ea, v. of yuocipteca ; to make

of different lengths.
wa-yu '-O-ei-pten, cont. of wayuociptec'a.
■wa-yu'-o-ei-pten-ya, adv. diminishing in size.
■wa-yu'-o-ei-pte-tu, v. to make longer and

shorter, to lessen, — wamduociptetu.
"wa-yu'-o-ci-tkoij-za, v. of yuocitko^za ; to

make equal.
■wa-yu'-o-ci-tpa-ni, v. of yuocitpani ; to make

unequal.
■wa-yu'-o-hda-psir)-yar)-i-ye-ya, v. to turn

bottom up.
■wa-yu'-O-fia-Ca, v. of yuoiaha; to fill up, as

holes.
•wa-yu'-o-har)-ko, v. of yuoiai)ko; to make

hasten, — wamduo&aqko.
•wa-yu'-O-hmir), v. of yuohmii) ; to miss, to

throw on one side of the mark.
■wa-yu'-O-hpa, v. of yuohpa ; to break through

into.
•wa-yu'-o-ka-libo-ka, v. of yuokahboka; to

cause to float.
"wa-yu'-o-ki-nl-har), v. of yuokinihai) ; to make

honorable.
■wa-3ru'-o-koi)--wai)-zi-dai), v. of yuokoflwajj-

iidaq ; to make into one, to unite.

WAY

237

WAY

■wa-3ru'-o-inde-ea, v. of yuomdec'a ; to scatter |

abroad, to disperse, — wamduomdeca.
•wayu'-o-ni-hai), v. of yuonihai) ; to honor ; to

be respectful, — wamduonihaij.
•wa-yu'-o-ni-haQ-yar), adv. respectfully.
"wa-yu'-o-s'ir), v. of yuos'ii) ; to hate, — wamduo-

s'ii).
■wa-yu'-o-sir), v. of yuosiij ; to tie in a fast

knot, — wamduo^ii) .
•wa-yu'-O-ta, v. of yuota; to multiply, — wa-

mduota.
■wa-yu'-o-tar)-ir), v. of yuotaijii) ; to make mani-
fest,— wamduotai) iq .
■wa-yu'-o-tig-za, v. of yuotiijza ; to make tight

in, — wamduotiijza.
•wa-yu'-o-"wo-tar), v. of yuowotaij ; to straighten,

to make upright, — wamduowotai).
•wa-3ru'-o-'WO-tar)-na, v. Same as wayuowotajg.
"wa-yu'-pa-ko, v. of yupako ; to make crooked.
■wa-yu'-pag-ga, v. of yupaqga ; to tie up loosely,

make puff out, — wamdupaijga.
■wa-yu'-par)-ge-6a, n. one who ties nothing up

well, one who ties so that it always puffs out, —

■vvamdupaqgeca.
■wa-yu'-par)-pai), v. of yupaijpaij ; to make

soft, — wamdupai) paq .
■wa-yu'-pai)-par)-na, v. See wayupaijpai).
■wa-yu'-pa-tu-za, v. of yupatuia ; to bend down.
■wa-yu'-pe-har), v. of yupehai) ; to fold up.
■wa-yu'-pe-mni, v. of yupemni ; to twist.
Tva-yu'-pi, v. n. to be skilful, ingenious, — wa-

mdupi, wadupi, waurjyupipi.
■wa-yu'-pi-ka, v. n. to be expert, skilful, dexte-
rous,— wamdupika, wadupika.
•wa-yu'-pi-ya, adv. skilfully, expertly, well.
■wa-yu'-pi-ya-har), adv. well, skilfully.
■wa-yu'-po-pa, v. of yupopa ; to cause to burst.
■wa-yu'-po-ta, v. of yupota ; to wear out, cut

up, — wamdupota, wauijyupotapi.
■wa-3m'-po-te-ea, n. one who wears out or uses

up much.
\wa-yu'-po-Ava-ya, v. of yupowaya ; to brush

up, as fur.
■wa-yu'-psa-ka, v. of yupsaka ; to break, as

cords, — wamdupsaka.
■wa-3ru'-psi-ea, v. of yupsic'a ; to make jump, —

wamdupsic'a.
■wa-yu'-psor), v. of yupsoij ; to spill out, — wa-

mdupsoi).
■wa-yu'-psur), v. of yup^ug ; to pull out by the

roots, to dislocate, — wamdup^ui).
"wa-yu'-pta, v. of yupta ; to cut out, as clothes,

— wamdupta.
"wa'-yu-pta, v. of ayupta ; to answer, — wdmdu-

pta.

wa-yu'-ptaq-yar), v. of yuptaijyag ; to trim

over, — wamduptariyai).
■wa'-yu-ptar)-yar), v. of ayuptaijyai) ; to turn

back on one, redound on oneself or one's relatives.
vra-yu'-pta-ya, n. one who collects.
■wa-yu'-pte-ce-dai), v. of yuptecedari ; to short-
en.
■wa-yu'-ptu-ha, v. of yuptuha; to pick ^ to

pieces.
■wa-yn'-ptu-za, v. of yuptuia ; to crack, split.
■wa-yu'-sai), v. of yusai) ; to whiten, to white-
wash.
■wa-yn'-sa-pa, v. of yusapa ; to blacken.
■wa-yu'-sba, v. of yusba ; to pick in pieces.
■wa-yu'-sbu, v. of yusbu ; to make a noise, as in

handling shelled corn.
"wa-jru'-sde-ea, v. of yusde<5a ; to split, — wa-

mdusdec'a.
■wa-yu'-sdo-hai), v. of yusdohai) ; to draw along,

— wamdusdohai) .
"wa-yu'-sdu-ta, v. of yusduta ; to pull out, —

wamdusduta.
■wa-yu'-se-pa, v. of yusepa ; to rub off, as dirt

or paint, — wamdusepa.
■wa-yu'-ska, v. of yuska ; to whiten, make white ;

to clear one who has been charged with a crime,

to acquit, — wamduska.
"wa-yu'-ska-pl, n. one who has been cleared from

charges laid against him.
•wa-yu'-ske-pEi, v. of yuskepa ; to draw all out,

to exhaust.
•wa-yu'-ski-ca, v. of yuskica ; to press ; to be

neat and tidy ; to surpass all others : one who is

feared by or restrains others, — wamduskida.
"wa-yu'-ski-ta, v. Same as wayuskica ; to bind,

press.
•wa-3ru'-sku, V. of yusku ; to shear off close,

pare, shave off, — wamdusku,
■wa-yu'-sku-sku, v. red. of wayusku.
■vsra-yu'-sma-ka, v. of yusmaka ; to hollow out ;

to indent.
"wa-yu'-smir), v. of yusmiq ; to pick off, make

bare.
■wa-yu'-sna, v. of yusna ; to ring, to rustle, as

leaves falling ; to ravel out, — wamdusna.
■wa-3ru'-sni, v. of yusni ; to make cold, to extin-
guish.
■wa'-yus-o, v. of ayuso ; to wade after ; to pare

off, — w4mduso.
"wa'-yus-os-o, v. red. of w.iyuso.
wa-yu'-so-ta, v. of yusota ; to spend, use up,

consume, — wamdusota.
"wa-yu'-sto, v. of yusto ; to smooth down, — wa-

mdusto.
■wa-yu'-sto-ka, n. one who makes smooth.

WAY

238

WAY

■wa-yu'-su, v. of yusu ; to make good, — wa-

mdiisu.
"wa-yu'-su-ta, v. of yusuta ; to make strong, to

establish, — wamdusuta.
"wa-yu'-sa, v. of yusa ; to make red,
■wa-yu'-s'ag-ya, v. a. to overload, as an animal,

— wayu^'agwaya.
■wa-yu'-s'a-ka, v. of yu^'aka ; to be overloaded,

— wamdu^'aka.
■wa-yu'-sa-pa, v. of yu4apa ; to soil, — wamdu-

8apa.
"wa-yu'-sda, v. of yuMa ; to m^ke bare, cut off,

— wamdu^da.
■wa-yu'-sdo-ka, v. of yusdoka ; to pull out.
■wa-yu'-sdu-sdu-ta, v. of yuMuMuta ; to make

slippery.
"wa-yu'-se-ca, v. to m^ke dry up or wither.
"wa-yu'-si-ea, v. of yu^icfa ; to make bad, to

spoil, — wamdusica.
"wa-yu'-si-htir), v. of yusihtii) ; to enfeeble, —

wamdu^ihtii).
■wa-yu'-sir)-sir), v. of yu^iijsii) ; to tickle, — wa-

mdusiqsir).
•wa-yu'-sir)-ye-ya, v. of yusiqyeya ; to frighten,

— wayusiiiyewaya.
■wa-yu'-si-pa, v. of yusipa ; to break off close.
"wa-yu'-ska, v. of yuska ; to untie.
■wa-yu.'-skar)-skaQ, v. of yuskaijskai) ; to cause

to move or stir about, — wamduskarj^kai).
■wa-yu'-ske-hai), v. of yuskehaq ; to make wild

or unsteady, to cause to prance, — wamduskehai).
"wa-yu'-ski, v. of yu^ki ; to plait, — wamdu^ki.
■wa-yu'-ski-ska, v. of yu^kiska ; to make rough ;

to make difficult or confused ; to make mischief,

— wamduski ska.
■wa-yu'-sko-kpa, v. of yu^kokpa; to holloio

out.
"wa-yu'-sko-pa, v. of yuskopa ; to make twist-
ing.
•wa-yu'-sko-tpa, v. Same as wayuskokpa.
vra-yu'-sna, v. of yu4na ; to drop, let slip, make

a mistake, — wamdu^na.
"wa-yu'-sna, v. a. to sacrifice, offer sacrifice, —

wamdusna, waduina, wauqyusnapi. See wosna.
■wa-yu'-sna-pi, n. sacrificing.
■wa-yu'-so-sa, v. of yu^osa ; to make turbid.
"wa-yu'-spa, v. of yuspa ; to break off pieces, —

wamduspa.
■wa-yu'-spi, v. of yuspi ; to pick off, as berries,

— wamduspi, waduspi, wauriyuspipi. See wo-

4pi.
■wa-yu'-spu, v. of yu^pu ; to pick off any thing

stuck on, — wamduspu,
wa-yu'-spu-ya, v. of yu^puya; to scratch, —

wamdu^puyn.

■wa-yu'-star), v. of yultai) ; to finish, — wamdu-
itsiV).

■wa-yu'-star)-ka, n. one who finishes.

"wa-yu'-su-za, v. of yu^uia ; to crush.

■wa-yu'-ta, v. of yuta ; to be eaten up, as by
wolves ; to eat up ; one who eats all up, — wa-
wata, wauqtapi. See wota.

■wa-yu'-tai), v. of yutai) ; to touch.

■wa-yu'-tai), n. a servant ; a master of ceremo-
nies.

•wa-yu'-tar)-co-dai), v. of yutaqcodai) ; to make
naked.

■wa-yu.'-tai)-ir), ■;;. of yutaijii) ; to make mani-
fest, to expose, — wamdutaijii).

•wa-yu'-taij-ka, v. of yutaijka ; to make large.

■wa-yu.'-tar)-ki-ya, v. to have for cook or master
of ceremonies : wayutaijwicakiyapi, servants.

■wa-yu'-taij-ni, v. of yuta^ni ; to wear out,
make old, — wamdutaijni.

■wa-yu'-taij-ni-ka, n. one who wears out mv/:h.

■wa-yu'-tar)-tar), v. red. of yutaq ; to feel all
over.

■wa-yu'-tar)-toi)-sni, v. of yutaijto^sni ; to
make an end of, destroy.

"wa-yu'-taij-y a, v. to make master of ceremonies
at a feast, — wayutaijwaya.

■wa-yu'-te-ea, v. of yuteca; to make new, to
renew, — wamdutecSa.

■wa-yu'-te-hax), v. of yutehai) ; to make long, to
be slow.

•wa-yu'-te-har)-har)-ka, v. to be always long
in doing a thing, — wamdutehaijhaijka.

'wa-yu'-te-Ri-ka, v. of yutehika ; to make dif-
ficult,— wamdutehika.

"wa-jru'-te-pa, v. of yutepa ; to wear off.

■wa-yu'-te-pe-ea, n. one who wears off.

■wa-yu'-ti-ca, v. of yutica ; to scrape away, as a
horse does snow by pawing.

■wa-yu'-ti-pa, v. of yutipa ; to cramp, draw up.

wa-yu'-ti-taQ, v. of yutitaq ; to pull.

■wa-yu'-tkoQ-za, v. of yutkoqza ; to make even,
— wamdutkoriza.

•wa-yu'-tku-ga, v. of yutkuga; to break off
square.

•wa-yu'-to-kag, v. of yutokai) ; to put in another
place, to remove, — wamdutokar).

■wa-yu'-to-ke-ea, v. of yutokeca ; to make dif-
ferent, to alter, — wamdutokeca.

"wa-yu'-tpai), v. of yutpaq ; to make fine, to
grind, — wamdutpao, wauijyutpaijpi. See wo-
tpaq.

■wa-yu'-tpu-tpa, v. of yutputpa ; to pick to
pieces, to make crumble, — wamdutputpa.

•wa-yu'-tpu-tpe-ea, n. one who crumbles up
or makes fine.

WAY

239

WAZ

■wa-yu'-tu-ta, v. of yututa ; to make smart by

rubbing, — wamdututa.
■wa-yu'-tu-tka, v. of yututka ; to break into small

pieces.
"wa-jni'-ta, v. of yuta ; to kill, choke to death, —

wamduta.
■wa-yu'-tir)-za, v. of yutiqza ; to make firm, —

wamdutiijza.
■wa-yu'-"wa-cir)-tor), v. of yuwacJiqtoi) ; to make

intelligent.
"wa-yu'-vra-hiri-yarj-za, v. to make morose or

ill disposed.
■wa-yu'-vra-hba-dai), v. of yuwaibadaq ; to

make gentle or mild, — wamduwahbadan.
■wa-yu'-^wa-hpa-ni-ea, v. of yuwahpanica ; to

make poor, — wamduwaipanica.
■wa-yu'-"wa-Me-ka, v. to make unable to do

well, to incapacitate ; i. q. oiispesni daka.
■wa-yu'-'wa-kaQ, v. of yuwakai) ; to make sa-
cred, to consecrate, — wamduwakai).
"wa-yu'-"war)-ka, v. of yuwaijka ; to throw

down.
■wa-yu'--war)-kan-i-eu, v. to lift up : wayu-

waqkan iyeya, to raise or pry up.
•wa-yu'-"wa-s'a-ka, v. of yuwa^'aka ; to make

strong, to invigorate, — wamduwa^'aka.
•wa-yu'-vra-sa-ka-dar), v. of yuwa^akadaij ; to

make cheap or easy, — wamduwasakadar).
vra-yu'--wa-s'a-ke-sni, v. to make weak, — wa-

mduwas'ake^ni.
"wa-yu'-'wa-ste, v. of yuwaste ; to make good,
to improve, — wamduwaite, waduwaste, wauijyu-
wastepi.
"wa-yu'-Tve-ga, v. of yuwega ; to break partly

off, — wamduwega.
'wa-yu'-'wi, v. of yuwi ; to wrap around.
'wa-yu'-'wi-ca-ka, v. of yuwidaka ; to make

true.
■wa-yu'--wi-ea-sta-sni, v. of yuwidasta^ni ; to

make bad, debase, corrupt, — wamduwica^tasni.
wa-yu'-'wi-linu-ni, v. of yuwihnuni ; to destroy,

— wamduwilinuni.
■wa-yu'-"wir)-ga, v. of yuwiijga ; to turn around.
^va-yu'-■wiI)-ge-ca, n. one who turns about.
"wa-yu'-'wiij-ta, v. of yuwiqta ; to spread out

the hands to ; to stroke, — wamduwiqta.
"Wa-yu.'-'wiij-za, v. of yuwiijia ; to bend down.
■wa-yu'-"wi-tar)-tar), v. to make proud.
■wa-yu'-'wn.-ta-ya, v. of yuwitaya; to gather

together, to collect, — wamduwitaya.
"Wa-yu'-'wi-tko, v. of yuwitko ; to make drunk,

— wamduwitko.
■wa-yu'-vri-tko-tko-ka, v. to make foolish.
"wa-yu'-"wi-ye-ya, v. of yuwiyeya ; to make
ready, — waraduwiyeya.

vra-yu'-za, v. of yuza ; to take ; to lake the clothes
of those who come home in triumph, — wamduza.
See wakiyuza.
"wa-yu'-za-mni, v. of yuzamni ; to uncover, —

wamduzamni.
"wa-yu'-zar), v. of yuzai) ; to part or separate, as

hair on the head.
■wa-yu'-ze, v. of yuze ; to lade or dip out from

a kettle, — wamduze.
"wa-yu'-zi-da, v. of yuzic'a ; to stretch, — wamdu-

zica.
■wa-yii'-zoq-ta, v. of yuzoijta ; to make con-
nected ; to decide, — wamduzoijta.
•wa-yu'-zur)-ea, v. Same as wayuzoijta.
•wa-yu'-za, v. of yuia ; to stir vp ; to make

mush or hasty pudding, — wamduia.
"wa-yu'-za-ka, v. of yuiaka ; to pull open, —

wamduzaka.
"wa-jni'-za-za, v. of yuiaia ; to wash, as clothes ;
to do a washing, — wamduiaia, waduiaia, wauq-
yuiaiapi. See woiaia.
■wa-3ru.'-zir)-ea, v. of yuiiqca; to pull or blow,

as the nose, — wamduziijca.
"wa-jru'-zi-pa, v. of yuiipa ; to pinch ; one toho

pinches, — •wamduztpa.
■wa-yu'-zur), v. of yuiuij ; to pull out by the

roots, — wamduzui).
•wa-yu'-zu-zu, v. of yuiuzu ; to tear down, to

demolish, — wamduzuiu.
"wa-zi', n. a pine, pines.
"wa-zi'-sa-ka, n. a species of pine, perhaps the

pitch pine, the fir.
■wa-zi'-se, m. like pines ; giants.
Wa-zi'-ya, n. the northern god or god of the
north ; a fabled giant who lives at the north and
blows cold out of his mouth. He draws near
in winter and recedes in summer. By some Wa-
ziya is confounded with Heyoka, but he seems to
be a different being.
"wa-zi'-ya-pa, adv. at the north, to the north.
•v(ra-zi'-y a-pa-tai)-hai), adv. northwards ; from

the north.
•wa-zi'-ya-ta, n. at the pines, the north.
■wa-zi '-ya-tar)-har), adv. at the north, from the

north.
■wa-zi'-ya-ta-tarj-har), adv. from the north.
■wa-zu', V. 1st pers. sing, of iu.
•wa'-zu, V. of aiu ; to lay up to dry, as rice, etc. ;
to apply externally, as a poultice, — wdwazu, w4-
uijiupi.
■wa'-zu-dar), n. the hoards or deposits of squir-
rels, etc.
"wa-zuij'-tka, n. the name of a small yellow

bird.
"wa-zui)'-tka-dar), «. Same as wazuijtka.

WAZ

240

WIC

■wa'-zu-pi-"wi, or ■wl'wazupi, 71. the moon in
. which the Indians lay up rice, answering nearly

to October.
■wa-zu'-ste-ca, n. strawberries.
■wa-zu'-ste-ea-hu, n. strawberry vines.
■wa-zu'-ste-ca-sa-"wi, n. the moon in which

strawberries are ripe ; June or July.
■we, n. blood.
■we, adj. bloody.

■we, V, n. to Meed : poge mawe, my nose bleeds.
■we, sign of the imperat. sing. ; used by the

women ; as, ecoi) we, do thou it.
■we, pron. compounded of 'wa' and 'M.' See

Grammar, Pronouns.
we-6e'-ya, v. a. to have regard for one, to con-
sult one's wishes, — wecewaya, weceuijyaijpi.
"we'-ga, adj. broken. See yuwega, etc.
■we-ga'-hai), part, broken, but not entirely of.
■we-ga'-"wa-har), part, broken, but not off ; thus

distinguished from ksawahai).
■we'-hai), n. last spring : wehai) icima, the spring

before last.
"we'-hna, prep, among. See ehna.
■we'-tu, n. spring, the spring of the year ; next

sprinij.
■we-"we', adj. red. of we ; bloody.
■we-ya', v. a. to shed blood, make bleed ; hence,

to put to death, — wewaya, weuijyaqpi.
"wi, n. the sun ; the moon : wi hinapa, the sun

rises ; wi iyaya, the sun has set ; appetu wi, the

day-sun ; haiiyetu wi, the night-sun or moon.
"Wi, n. a moon, a lunar month. The names of

the moons are as follows :

1. Wi-tehi, January ; the hard moon.

2. Wicata-wi, February ; the raccoon moon.

3. lita,w\6a,yaza.i)-w\, March ; the sore-eye moon.

4. Magaokada-wi, April ; the moon in which the

geese lay eggs : also called Wokada-wi ; and

sometimes Watopapi-wi, the moon when the

streams are again navigable.
6. Wozupi-wi, May ; the planting moon.
6. Waiusteca^a-wi, June ; the moon when the

strawberries are red.

I. Ca^pasapa-wi, and Wa^ui)pa-wi, July ; the

moon when the choke-cherries are ripe, and
when the geese shed their feathers.

8. Wasutoi)-wi, August ; the harvest moon.

9. Psii)hnaketu-wi, September ; the moon when

rice is laid up to dry.

10. "Wi-waiupi, October; the drying rice maon ;

sometimes written Waiupi-wi.

II. Takiyuha-wi, November ; the deer rutting

moon.
12. Tahecap^uq-wi, December; the moon when
the deer shed their horns.

■wi, cont. of wiqyai) or winohiqca; as in wihda-

staka and wiinal'ima.
■wi, some verbs commencing with ' i ' make the
absolute form by prefixing ' w,' instead of ' wa ;'
as, ihaijmna, wihaqmna.
■wi'-a-hi-na-pa, v. to have the sun rise on one.

■wi'-a-ta-om-ya, adv. when the sun is leaning ;
afternoon.

■wi'-bo-pe, n. a mortar, a hommony-block.
■wi'-bo-pe-i-hu-pa, n. a pestle.

■wl-ea', n. the raccoon, Procyon lotor.

■wl-ea', n. a male of the human species, a man, —
wimaca, winica, wiui)capi.

■wi-ea', adj. male, pertaining to sex ; human.
This adjective is prefixed to nouns that have
reference to man. When the noun begins with
a vowel, the ' a ' in wi($a is dropped ; as, ista, an
eye, wicista.

■wi-ca', pron. in comp. With active verbs this repre-
sents the third pers. plur. objective, them ; as, wic'a-
wakte, / killed them : but when used with neuter
verbs and adjectives it generally forms what may
be regarded as abstract nouns ; as, caijdai), to
shake, wicacaijcaq, the ague ; wa^te, good, wi<{o-
waste, goodness.

■wi-ea'-a-ki-hai), n. starving, famine.

■wi-ea'-a-tku-ku, n. a father, their father.

wi-ea'-ba-pi, n. blame.

•wi-ea'-eai)-eai), n. the ague.

■wi-ea'-eai)-te, n. the human heart.

■wl-ca'-cai)-te-o-ze, n. the thought of the heart.

■wi-ea'-ea-ze, n. names, names of persons.

■wi-ea'-ee, n. the penis.

■wi-ea'-ee-hpi, n. human flesh.

■wi-ca'-ee-pa, n. human fatness, obesity.

■wi-ea'-ce-sdl, n. the excrement of the raccoon.

•wi-ea'-ce-ya, n. weeping, crying.

■wi-ea'-ce-zi, n. the human tongue.

•wl'-ea-ei-ce, n. an instrument used in brushing
up the fur of skins.

■wi-ea'-61r)-ea, w. children.

■wl-ea'-eu-"wi-ta, n. the sense of cold experienced
by human beings. See cuwita.

■wi-ca'-da, v. a. to believe, put confidence in ; to
agree to, — wicawada, wicayada, wi<5aui)dapi, wi-
damada.

■wi-ea'-da-ka, v. a. to believe, — ^widawadaka,
wicaui)dapika.

•wi-ca'-da-pi, n. belief, believing ; faith.

■wi-ca'-da-pi-da, adj. worthy of belief.

"wi-ea'-da-ya, v. a. to cause one to believe ; to
persuade, — wicadawaya.

■wi-ca'-de-za, n. human urine.

■wl'-ea-du-ge, n. of kadiiga ; a fan to winnow
with.

WIG

241

WIG

■wi'-6a-ge, n. of kaga ; any instrument to make

with.
"wl'-ca-go, n. of kago ; an instrument to mark

with.
"wi'-ca-gu-ke, n. Same as wicadide.
■wi-ca'-hde-ska, n. gooseberries.
■wi-ca'-hde-ska-hn, n. the gooseberry bush,

Ribes grossularia.
•wi-ea'-hi, n. human teeth.
"Wi'-oa-hi, «. something to mix with, as a mush-
stick.
■wi'-ca-hir)-te, n. of kahiijta ; a broom, a rake.
"Wi'-ea-hl-ya, v. of icahiya ; to mingle, — wica-

hiwaya.
■wi-ea'-hna-ka-pi, v. dead bodies laid up ;

tombs ; burial-places.
"wi-ea'-hna-ye, n. of linayai) ; deception.
"wi-ca'-ho, n. the human voice.
"wi-ea'-hu, n. human bones.
•wl-ea'-hu-ha, n, the limbs of the body.
■wi-ca'-hu-hu, n. a human skeleton.
■wi-ca'-hui)-ka-ke, n. ancestors.
■wl-ca'-huij-ku, n. a mother, mothers.
"wi-ea'-hba, n. of Iba ; drowsiness.
■wi'-ca-hbo-ke, n. a paddle, i. q. wamnaheca.
■wl'-ea-hde-ee, n. of kaideda ; something to tear

or bruise with.
"Wi'-ea-lido-ke, n. of kaldoka ; something to

make holes with, as a gimlet.
■wri-ca'-hea, n. See wicafii^ca.
•wi'-ea-he-pe, n. a ladle.
■wi-6a'-liir)-ca, n. an old man, — wimadahir)($a

and wicamaM^ca, winicfaliqca and widanihiqca,

wiui)caMi)capi.
■wi'-ca-hpe, n. an instrument to throw down

with.
"wi'-ca-hpu, n. an instrument to pick off with.
■wl'-ea-hu-ge, n. something to break in with.
"wi-ca'-B.ug-'wir), n. putrefaction.
■wi-ca'-i, n. the human mouth.
■wi-ea'-i-ha, n. the human lips.
"wi-ca-ka', v. of ka, to mean ; he means them.
"Wi-ca'-ka, v. n. to speak truth, to be true, — wi-

cawaka, wicauqkapi.
"wi-ea'-ka-hl-ya-ya, v. of kahiyaya ; to carry

round to them, to sing to them.
■wi-ea'-ka-ha-pa, n. of kaiapa ; a driver, one

who drives.
"wi'-ca-kca, n. of kakc'a ; a curry-comb.'
■wi-ea'-ke-da, v. a. to esteem true, to believe, —

wicakewada ; wicakei^ida, to believe oneself true,

to continue to affirm.
•wi-ca'-ki-ear)-pte, n. of kicaijpta ; one who con-
soles, a comforter.
"wi-ea'-ki-ci-da-zu-zu-pi, n. forgiveness.
31

■wi-ea'-kl-do-pl, n. of ki(5o ; calling, inviting.
■wl'-ea-kir)-ee, n. of kakiqda ; something to

scrape with, a scraper.
■wi-ea-ki'-pi, n. robbery.
■wi'-ea-kis-ya, v. to cause to suffer, — widakii-

waya.
■wi-ea'-ki-ya-pa, v. See kiyapa.
■wi'-ea-ki-ze, n. of icakiia ; distress, suffering.
wi'-ca-ko-ke, n. a rattle, a rattler.
"wl'-ea-kpe, n. a lancet ; i. q. kaijicakpe.
■wi-ea'-ksa-pa, n. wisdom. See widoksape.
■wi'-ea-kse, n. of kaksa ; an instrument to cut off

with.
■wi-ea'-kte-pi, n. killing.
■wi-ca'-kte-s'a, n. one who kills.
■wi-ea'-ku-pi, n. giving.
■wri'-ea-mde-ee, n. an instrument to break in

pieces with, as a sledge.
•wi-ca'-na-ka, n. tremor. See n&ka.
■wi-ea'-na-su, n. the human brain.
•wi-ca'-ni-te, n. the loins.
"wl-ca'-no-ge, n. human ears.
■wi-ear)'-hpi, n. a star, the stars.
■Win.-eai)'-hpi-tar)-ka, n. large stars. The name

given to both Venus and Jupiter, as the morning

and evening stars.
■wl-ca'-pa-ha, n. the human scalp.
"wi-ea'-pa-hu, n. the human skull.
■wi-ca'-pa-kslr), n. the human kidneys, the

reins.
"wi'-oa-pe, n. of dapa ; a piercer ; the spines or

beard of one or more species of grass or weed ; a

fork, a table-fork.
■wi'-ea-pe-ea, n. a kind of grass armed with a

long sharp beard.
■wl'-ca-pe-daij, n. dim. of widape.
■wi-ca'-pi, n. the human liver.
■wi-ca'-po, n. a swelling.
■wl-ea'-po-ge, n. the human nose.
•wi'-ea-po-te, n. an instrument to rend with.
■wi'-ca-psi-ee, n. any thing to make jump with.
■wri'-ea-psii)-te, n. a whip. See icapsiqte.
vri'-ca-sar), n. a razor. See idasaij.
■wl'-ca-sde-ee, n. something to split with, a

wedge.
■wl'-ea-skl-ee, n. a press.
•wi'-ca-spe-ye, n. a weight, a balance ; scales.
•wi'-ca-sto, n. any thing to smooth with, a brush.
■wi-ca'-sa, n. (Ihar)k.) i. q. wida^ta.
■wi-ca'-sa-ke, n. human nails.
■wi'-ea-sda, n. a scythe.
■wi'-ca-ske, n. something to tie with, bonds.
"wi'-ca-ski-ee, n. a press.
■wi-ca'-sta, n. man, a man; mankind, — wima-

da^ta and widama^ta, wiuijdaitapj.

WIC

242

WIC

■wi-ca'-sta-a-kan-tu, n. one of human kind, a
mortal, distinguished from the dead and spirits.

■wi-ea'-sta-i-hda-wa, n. one who counts himself
a man ; a chief.

■wl-ca'-sta-sni, adj. unmanly, mean, wicked, —
wicamastasni and wimac'a^ta^ni, widanistasni and
winicastasni, wicauijstapisni.

■wi-ca'-sta-sni-yai), adv. unmanly, wickedly.

"wi-ca'-sta-tai)-ka, n. a middle-aged man.

■wi-ea'-sta-ya-ta-pi, n. a chief, a ruler, a sachem.
The Dakota chiefs have little authority, not much
honor, and no emolument.

■wi-ca'-ta-ku-nl-snl, n. destruction. See wico-
takunisni.

■wi-ea'-tai)-car), n. the human body.

"wl-ea'-tar)-ktar)-ka, n. the gull.

■wi-ea'-tag-ktaij-ka-dar), n. the gull, somewhat
larger than a pigeon.

'wl-ca'-ta-'wi, n. the raccoon moon, February.

■wi'-ea-ti-ce, n. a thing to scrape with, a scraper.

"wi-ea'-to-ka, n. a male captive ; a man-servant.

■wi-ea'-to-ke-ea, n. difference ; things different.

"wl-ea'-to-kto-ke-ca, n. red. of wicatokeca.

"wi'-ca-tpe, n. a lancet. See icatpe.

"wi'-ca-tpi, w. something to crack with.

"wi-ea'-tu-te, n. chapping, as of the hands.

wi-ca'-ta, n. the dead.

■wi'-ea-te, n. an instrument to kill with.

■wi'-ea-tir)-ze, n. something to make tight with,
a screw or nail.

■wi-ea'-ur)-pi, n. a man's shirt.

■wi'-ea-Ave-ge, n. something to break with.

'wn.-ca'-'wi-ho-iimi, n. a lewd fellow, a whore-
monger,— wicawimahomni.

•wl-ea'-'wo-lia, ». a man who lives with his udfe's
relations, — wicamduha.

■wi-ca'-ya, adv. manly.

■wi-ea'-ya-eo-pi, n. condemnation.

■wl-ea'-ya-tar)-pi, n. praise, compliments.

■wi-ea'-ya-zar), n. a being sick, a sickness.

•wi-ca'-yu-he, n. a master.

'wi-ea'-yu-'wa-hpa-ni-ea, n. making poor.

■wl-6a'-yu-\wii)-ta-pi, n. honoring, as the Da-
kotas do at feasts, calling the maker of the feast
by some name signifying relationship or friend-
ship.

■wl'-ea-zi-pe, n. of kaiipa ; something to smooth
or shave with, a plane.

"wi-ce'-ska, n. the hole in the top of a tent.

•wi-ce'-ska-i-pa-si-se, n. the pins that fasten
a tent in front.

■wi-ei'-a-tku-ku, n. See wicaatkuka.

•wi-ei'-ca-ge, n. a growth of men, a generation.

■wi-ei'-eiQ-ea, n. Same as widaciijc'a.

"wl-ci'-mde-za, n. clearness, pleasantness.

■wi-ei'-na-peir)-'wai)-ka, num. adj. the ninth.

■wi-ci'-noQ-pa, num. adj. the second.

■wi-eii)', V. to desire women, hunt after women, —
wiwac'ir).

"wi-6ir)'-ea, m. a girl.

■wi-eirj'-ea-dai), ra. a little girl: wiciijdapidai).

■wi-eir)'-pi, n. desiring women.

■wi-eir)'-yar)-na, n. a girl, a damsel, a little
girl, applied also to young women : widiqyaijpi-
dai), girls, — wimac'iijyaqna.

■wl-ci'-sa-hdo-gai), num. adj. the eighth.

•wi-ei'-sa-kdo-gar), num. adj. (Ihaqk.) the
eighth.

'wi-ei'-sa-ko-"wir), num. adj. the seventh.

■wl-ei'-sa-kpe, num.. adj. the sixth.

■wic-is'-na-na, adj. none with one, alone.

■wi'-ei-sni-yar), adv. away off, not near any
thing : wici^niya^ ehpeya, to throw off at a dis-
tance, to lose.

■wle-i'-spa, n. the fore-arm ; the distance from
the elbow to the end of the middle finger, a cubit.

■wie-i'-sta, n. the human eye.

"wie-i'-stiij-lje, n. sleep ; they are asleep : widi-
stii)be hiyeya, they are all asleep.

"wie-i'-te, n. the human face, the countenance.

•wie-i'-to-ka-pa, n. the eldest bom.

vri-ci'-to-pa, num. adj. the fourth.

wic-i'-tpi, n. the human stomach.

■wl-ei'-'wi-kee-nina, num. adj. the tenth,

"wi-ci'-ya-mni, num. adj. the third.

■wl-ei'-ye, pron. oneself; themselves.

vd-'-ei-ye-ea, v. n. not to lay to heart ; not to
think about ; it is of no use, — wimi^iyeda. This
is one of the words to which we have long en-
deavored to attach an intelligible idea, but in vain.
The meanings given are simply approximative.

"wl'-ei-ye-da-e, v. Same as widiyeda.

■wi'-ei-ye-sni, v. n. wini^iye^ni ake nakug den
yahi, not caring, thou hast come back again.

"wl-ei'-yo-ki-pi, «. excellence, beauty, pleasant-
ness.

■wi-ei'-za-ptai), num. adj. the fifth.

"wl-eo'-a-ho-pe, n. of ahopa ; law, custom, cere-
mony.

"wl-eo'-a-i-e, n. of aia ; slander.

vri-eo'-a-yu-star), n. of ayu^taij ; leaving of.

"wi-eo'-be, n. of obe ; a company.

■wl-eo'-6ar)-ni-ye, n. of daflniyaij ; anger, ma-
lice.

■wri-eo'-ear)t-a-hde, n. of daijtahde ; evil inten-
tion, malice.

■wl-co'-cai)-te, n. the human heart. See wica-
caijte.

■wi-eo'-eajo-te-i-yu-tar)-ye, n. temptation. See
wowiyutaijye.

WIC

243

WID

■wn.-eo'-ear)-te-o-ze, n. thought, purpose.

■wi-co'-6ar)-te-ptar)-ye, «. of caqteptaqyaq ;
passion.

■wi-co'-cag-te-si-ea, n. sadness.

■wl-eo'-eaij-te-'wa-ste, n. gladness.

■wi-co'-ear)-te-yu-ze, n. disposition, wish.

"V(ri-eo'-ear)t-i-he-ye, n. desire, covetousness.

■wl-eo'-car)t-i-ya-hde-ye, n. what is desired.

"wi-co'-ca-ze-ya-te, n. of c'azeyata ; traditions.

■wl-eo'-ee-ya, n. of ceya ; crying, weeping,

■wi-eo'-eo-kor), n. of cokoij ; threatening, intend-
ing evil.

•wl-eo'-eu-'wi-ta, n. the feeling of coldness.

•wi-co'-du-za-he, n. of duzahai) ; swiftness.

vri-eo'-e-ee-tu, n. of edetu ; uprightness.

■wi-co'-e-ki-ee-tu-ye, n. of ekicetuya; restora-
tion.

vri-eo'-hni-hde, n. travelling.

■wi-eo'-liar), n. of oliaq ; work, custom, habit.

"wi-eo'-Ma-nl, n. of Itani ; labor, work.

•wi-co'-i-ca-ge, n. of icaga ; a generation.

■wi-eo'-i-e, n. of oie ; a word, a speech.

■wi-co'-i-hda-tar), n. of ihdataij ; boasting.

■wi-eo'-i-na-hni, n. of inahni ; liaste, hurrying.

•wi-eo'-i-stii)-be, n. of i^tiqma ; sleep.

"wi-co'-i-tori-pe, n. of itoijpa ; carefulness.

■wi-co'-i-tog-sni, n. of itoijsni ; a lie, a false-
hood.

■wi-co'-i-tu-ka-ge, n. of itukaga ; falsehood,
calumny.

■wl-co'-i-yo-ki-si-ee, n. sorrow.

"wi-co'-i-yo-pe-i-ci-ye, n. repentance.

■wi-co'-ka-gi, n. of kagi ; a hindrance.

■wl-eo'-ka-gi-ye, n. an obstruction.

•wi-eo'-ka-ki-ze, n. of kakiia ; suffering.

"wi-eo'-ki-ei-yu-'wa-ste, n. a blessing, peace.

^vi-eo'-ki-ei-ze, n. of kiciza ; fighting.

■wl-co'-ki-pa-zii), n. of kipaiiq ; opposition.

■wi-CO'-kor)-ze, n. influence, law ; a kingdom.

■wi-co'-ksa-pe, n. of ksapa ; wisdom.

"wi-co'-ku-ze, n. of kuia ; laziness.

■wi-eo'-ku-zi-ta, n. dying of laziness.

■wi-co'-miu-ci-ye, n. of mniciya ; an assembly.

■wi-eo'-mni-he-ca, n. of mnihecfa ; activity.

■wl-eo'-ni, n. (wica and oni) life, present but es-
pecially to come, a life-time : wic'oni owihaqke
wanica, eternal life.

■wi-eo'-ni-pe-zi-hu-ta, n. the balsam of life.

■wi-eo'-ni--wo--wa-pi, ». the book of life, the
Bible.

"Wi-eorj'-te, n. (wida, 05 and \a) death.

■wi-6o'-or)-si-ke, n. of ori^ika ; poverty.

•wi-co'-O-pe, n. law, custom.

■wi-eo'-O-ug-hda-ka, n. of uqhdaka ; a moving
party.

of owotai)na ; right-

a breaking in pieces,

firmness, strength,
evil.

iebility.

moving.

a moving.

had temper.

■wi-eo'-o-wo-tar)-na,

eousness.

■wi-eo'-o-yu-mde-ce, n.
separation.

•wl-co'-su-ta, n. of suta ;

"wi-co'-si-ce, n. of sida ;

■wi-eo'-si-Mii), n. of sihtii) ; debility.

■wi-eo'-skarj-skar), n. of ^kaijskaij ;
motion ; used for government, reign.

■wi-eo'-ska-te, n. of ^kata ; play.

■wi-eo'-ski-ske, n. of o^kiske ; difficulty, dis-
traction.

•wi-eo'-ta, n. many persons, a multitude.

■wi-eo'-ta-ku-ni-sni, n. destruction.

■wi-eo'-ta-ku-ye, «. of takuya ; relationship,
brotherhood.

■wi-co'-ta-wa-cii), n. disposition.

■wi-eo'-te-ea, n. of teca ; newness.

■wl-eo'-ti, n. a village, i. q. otoijwe.

"wi-co'-to-ke-tu, n. how is it ? wicotoketu tai)-
ig sni, how it is is not apparent.

■wl-eo'-ur), n. a family, all that are related by
blood. This word, and also widotakuye, we have
used for covenant.

■wi-eo'-UQ-hda-ka, n. of uijhdaka ;

■wi-eo'-"wa-eir), n. thought.

■wi-eo'-Ava-eirj-ko, n. of wadiijko ;

wi-eo'-^wa-^ba-dar), n. gentleness.

"wi-co'-Tva-kaQ-he-za, n. debility.

■wi-eo'-'wa-mna-da-sni, n. disrespect, contempt.

"wi-eo'-"wa-s'a-ke, n. human strength.

■wi-eo'-'wa-ste, n. of waste ; goodness.

"wi-eo'-'Wa-zi, n. a family, kindred.

■wi-co'--wi-ea-sta-sni, n. villany.

•wl-eo'-'WO-hda-ke, n. relating stories, biogra-
phy.

■wi-eo'-"WO-ya-ke, n. of oyaka ; declaration, nar-
ration, doctrine. We have used this word for
chapter.

■wi-eo'-yu-ta-ku-ni-sni, n. that which causes
destruction.

■wl-6o'-yu-tkor)-ze, n. that which makes equal.

■wi-eo'-zun-ye, n. connectedness, relationship.

■wi-eo'-zi-ee, n. riches.

•wi-eo'-zu-dar), n. of oiuda^ ; fulness ; full 0/
people.

■wi-ei'-cah, adv. uneasily : wi^icaB. yaqka.

"wi-ei'-eah-cafi, adv. red. of wi^Jidah. These
words are used when one, getting uneasy and
wishing to leave, pulls his blanket up, rises and
walks about, but says nothing.

■wi'-eii), n. the strap which the Dakotas use in
packing.

"wid'-Tvi-ta-ya, adv. red. of witaya ; in groups,
assembled in different places : widwitaya yakoi)pi.

WID

244

WIN

■wl'-dun-ye, n. any thing to color red with, cochi-
neal.
■wl-ha'-ha, n. See wihahaka.
■wi-ha'-ha-ka, n. one who is pleased with trifles.
■wl-ha'-ha-ya, adv. wihahaya i^u, to take trifles

gladly.
■wi-ha'-ke, n. the fifth child, if a daughter ; so

called, probably, from its usually being the last.
■wi'-haQ-mde, v. Same as wiharimna.
"wi'-haQ-mde-s'a, n. a dreamer.
■vci'-harj-mna, v. of ihaqmna ; to dream, — wi-

wahaijmna, wiuqhaijmnaripi.
■wi'-har)-innar)-pi, n. a dreaming.
■wl'-hda-hpa, v. pas. to strike or take down one's

own tent, — wiwahdaipa.
•wi'-hda-sta-ka, v. pos. to beat one's wife, — wi-

wahdastaka.
■wi'-hda-"wa, v. of ihdawa ; to count oneself, —

wiwahdawa.
"wi'-hdi, n. of ihdi ; oil, grease.
"Wi'-hdu-kear), v. of ihdukcai) ; to understand

one's own or oneself, to form an opinion, — wiwa-

hdukc'ai).
■wl'-hl-na-pa, n. the sun rising, the east.
•wi'-hi-na-pa-tag-har), adv. from the east.
■wi'-hi-ya-ye-daQ, n. a clock, a watch.
■wi'-hmuq-ke, n. of tmuijka ; the rainbow ; a

trap, a snare. In this latter sense, however, it is

not much used.
Tvi'-hni, V. of ihni ; to hunt, as deer, — wiwahni.
■wi'-hni-pl, n. a chafing deer.
■wi'-hnu, V. of ihnu ; to murmur ; to reproach,

accuse ; to be displeased with, — wiwahnu.
■wi'-hnu-pi, n. a murmuring.
•wi-ho'-mni, n. turning round ; a prostitute.
■wi-hu'-ta, n. the lower border of a tent.
■wi-hu'-ta-i-na-ta-ke, n. something used to

fasten up around the bottom of a tent, as grass.
wi-hu'-ti-pa-spe, n. tent-pins.
"Wl'-hai), V. of ihag ; to graze, eat grass, like

cattle.
■wi'-liaij-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to graze ; to keep

cattle, — wihaijwakiya.
"wi'-liaQ-pi, n. a feeding, as cattle, a grazing.
■wi'-haq-'wl-ea-ki-ye, n. a grazier.
■wi-hi'-pa, n. (Sisit.) See wihupa.
■wl'-hmuQ-ge, n. witch-medicine ; i. q. oi) kidi-

hmuqgapi.
"wi-hu'-pa, n. the flaps of a tent.
"wi-i'-ci-hni, v. to scold or whip a woman, — wi-

iwe(Sihni and wiiwakihni.
•Wi-i'-hni, v. to maltreat a woman, — ^wiiwahni.
"wi'-i-na-hma, v. to conceal a woman, take her

off ; to commit fornication, — wiinawahbe, wiina-
. uqhmajjpi.

■wi'-i-ya-or)-pa, v. to charge a man or woman

with infidelity, accuse in reference to a woman,

— wiiyawaoijpa, wiiyauij^oijpapi.
■wi'-i-ya-OIJ-pa-pi, n. charging with infidelity

or with having had illicit intercourse.
■wi'-i-ya-pa-M-ee, n. the fastening of a tent at

the top.
■VBT-'-i-ya-ta-pi, n. a girl betrothed or given to

one without his asking for her. See iyata.
•wl'-i-ya-ya, v. the sun sets ; sun-down.
■wi'-i-ya-yu-lia, v. to leave home and take a

wife at another village and live with her friends,

— wiiyamduha.
•wiM-ya-yu-M-ya, adv. with the course of the

sun, from, ea,st to west.
■>wl-kee'-inna, num. adj. ten : wikdemna noqpa,

twenty, etc.
■wi'-ki-dar)-ye, n. tools, implements.
■wl-ki'-ksar), v. to commit a rape, — wiwakikiaq.
■wi-ki'-ksar)-pi, n. rape.
■wi-ki'-sde, v. to offer indignities to women, —

wiwakisde.
"Wl-ki'-sde-pi, n. a molesting or taking liberties

with women.
•wi-ki'-sde-sde, v. red. of wikisde.
•wl-ki'-sde-ya, v. a. to offer insults to a woman,

— wikisdewaya.
■wi'-ki-yu-ta, v. to beckon to, talk by signs, —

wiwakiyuta.
■wi'-ko-pa, V. of ikopa ; to fear, be afraid, — wi-

kowapa.
vri'-ko-pe-ca, «. one who is to be feared.
■wi'-ko-pe-sni-yar), adv. without fear, securely.
■wl-ko'-ska, n. a young woman, — wimakoika,

wiuqkoskapi.
■vyl'-ksa-pa, v. of iksapa ; to comprehend well, to

liave experience, — wiwaksapa.
wi'-kte, V. to beat a woman, — wiwakte.
•wi'-ma-ka,-he-ya, n. that which tempts, that

which leads one to kill any thing.
■wi'-mna-sni, adj. not having knotvn women.
Mvin, coni. of wiqta : win ui), it is creeping.
"wi'-na-Eima, v. of inahma ; to hide, conceal.

See wiinahma.
■wa'-na-Ror), v. of naRoi) ; to hear, to be able to

Mar, — winawahog : winahoq sni, deaf.
•wi'-na-ki-Avi-zi, v. to be jealous or envious of, —

winawakiwizi.
■wi'-na-ta-ke, n. of inatake; a fastening, a lock.
"wl'-na-'wl-zi, v. to be jealous or envious, — wina-

wawizi, winauijwizipi.
■wi-na'-'wi-zi-dai), «. the cockle-burr, or clot-
burr, a species of Xanthium.
■wl'-na-'wl-zi-pl, n. jealousy.
■wi-no'-li6a, n. S«e winoiigda.

WIN

245

WIT

■wi-no'-hiQ-ca, n. a woman, women.

■wi-no'-na, «. the first-born child, if a daughter.

v/i-no'-za-ta, n. See winuzata.

■wi-nu', n. a nams given to a woman who is a
captive from another people.

"wi'-nu-ke, n. something that makes grow, as
manure on a field, and /ooc? for man.

■wl-nu'-za-ta, n. the lower part of a tent or house
in the inside.

vnx), adj. female, woman, wife; i.q. winohiijc'a.
This is commonly suffixed to the names of
■women.

■wir)'-kta, n. a hermaphrodite ; i. q. wiqyaqi^ida.

■wir)'-kta-pi, n. sodomy.

■w"ir)'-na, adj. dim. of wiq.

vriQS, cont. of wiqia.

■wlgs-ki'-ya, v. a. to make bend, bend down, —
wiq^wakiya.

■wir)s-'wir)'-ze-dar), adj. limber, pliant, not
stiff; tender.

■wig'-ta, V. n. to creep, crawl, as a child, — wawiq-
ta, ur)wii)tapi.

■wii)'-yai), n. a woman ; plur. wiijya^ipi.

■wli)'-yar), adj. female, — wimayaij, winiyaq.

■wiij'-za. See yuwiijia.

■wli)-za'-har), part, bent down, as grass.

■wli)-za'-'wa-hai), part, bent down.

"wl-o'-ki-he-dai), n. See wiyoMhedai).

■wl-o'-ki-ya, v. of okiya ; to court or talk with a
woman ; to gratify lust, — wiowakiya, wioyakiya.

"wl-o'-ki-ya-pi, n. courting.

■wi-o'-wa, n. a painted tent.

■wl'-pa-gu-ke, n. a bone or iron used for scraping
down skins in the process of dressing.

■wi'-pa-mda-ye, n. something to smooth with,
smoothing irons, flat-irons.

■wl'-pa-ski-ce, n. a press ; a washboard.

•wl'-pa-ta, V. of ipata; to ornament, work with
porcupine quills, — wiwapata, wiuripatapi.

■wl'-pa-ta-pi, n. quill-work, embroidery.

"wi-pa'-zu-ka, n. a species of red berry grow-
ing on small bushes, which is good to eat. Mr.
Eenville has used this word for pears.

"wi-pa'-zu-ka-hu, n. a small bushy shrub used

by the Dakotas for making arrows, arrow-wood.
vri'-pa-za-za, n. soap.

■wi'-pa-zil), V. to be prevented from succeeding in
what one attempts to do by having lost a friend,
etc., — wimapaiii). When the Dakotas are un-
successful in fishing or hunting, they attribute
the fact to the presence of ghosts who scare away
the fish or the deer. In some instances they
think it is their own spirit which is already leav-
ing the body, and they regard it as an omen of
approaching death.

■wi'-pe, n. of pe ; sharp instruments, arms ;
weapons of any kind, fire-arms.

"wi'-pe-o-hdo-ka, n. a wound made by a spear.

■wi'-pi, v. w. to be full of food, to be satisfied, —
wimapi, winipi, wiuijpipi.

•wi'-pi-ya, v. a. to fill, cause to be full, — wipi-
waya ; wipii^iya, to satisfy oneself with eating,
— wipimi^iya.

"wi'-pi-ya, adv. full.

■wi'-pu-spe, n. a seal, a wafer.

■wl'-sam-ye, n. any thing which gives a black
hue, blacking.

■wi'-sar)-ye, n. whiting.

"wi'-si-te-torj-na, n. a harlot, a whore.

•wl'-sku-ye, n. any thing which fastens colors,
such as alum or cranberries.

wl'-spe-ya, v. to cast anchor, — wispewaya.

■wi'-spe-ye, n. an anchor.

■wi-sax)', n. the ' mons veneris!

"wi'-sa-ye, n. any thing used in coloring red.

•wi-s'o'-s'o, adj. hasty, quick, — wima^'as'o.

"wi-s'o'-s'o-ka, n. one who is hasty.

"wl'-ste-ca, adj. modest, bashful, — wima^te<$a,
wini^teca.

"wi'-sten-ki-ei-ya-pi, n. the being ashamed of
each other. See wistenkiya.

■wl'-sten-ki-ya, v. a. to be bashful or reserved,
to be ashamed of, as a Dakota man is of some
of his wife's relations, especially the females, and
a woman of her husband's relations, especially
the males. By this custom, which is universal,
they are not permitted to mention the names of
these connexions, nor to look them in the face
or communicate directly with them, — wi^tenwa-
kiya, wi^tenmakiya.

■wl'-sten-ki-ya-pl, n. the custom above spoken
of

■wi'-sten-ya, v. n. to cause to be ashamed, — wi-
^tenwaya.

"wi'-ste-ste-ea, adj. red. of wistec'a ; modest.

■wis-'wi', intj. almost, nearly; oh ! i. q. wawateda
and i^nikae^.

vri'-ta, n. an island.

■wl'-ta-kir)-yag-yar)-ka, n. afternoon.

"wi'-ta-ki-ya, adv. together, en masse.

"Wi'-taj), adj. proud, elated, — wimatai).

"wi-taq'-sna, n. a maiden, one who is without a
husband, one who lives alone : witaq^na uq. Mr.
Eenville has used this word to designate figs, but
with doubtful propriety.

■wl-tag'-sna-hu, n. a name given by Mr. Ren-
ville to the fig-tree.

"wi'tarj-tar), v. red. of witaij ; proud, vain, —
wimatai)tar).

■wl'-taJ3-tar)-ka, ». on$ who is proud.

WIT

246

WIY

■wi'-tar)-tar)-pi, n. vain-glory, pride.
■wi'-tai)-tar)-yai), v. a. to make proud.
"wl'-tai)-tar)-yai), adv. glorying.
"wl'-ta-Tva-ta, n. a ship.
"wi-ta'-wa-ten-ya, v. to be willing. See tawa-

tenya.
"Wi'-ta-ya, adv. together, in company.
■wi'-ta-ya-i-he-ya, v. to assemble together, —

witaya iheuQyaijpi.
■wri'-te-ha-ka, n. one who is dissatisfied with

every little thing.
■wi-te'-sdag-ki-tor), v. the moon or sun wears a

crown, ; said of the halo sometimes observed.
■wi'-tka, n. of ilka ; an egg ; a testicle.
"wi'-tke-u-ta, n. a steelyard, scales.
■wn-tko', ra. a kind offish with a thick short

body, the dog-fish.
■wi-tko', adj. drunk, drunken ; foolish, — wima-

tko, winitko, wiuijtkopi.
Wi-tko'-ka-ga, w. the fool-maker ; an imaginary

being worshipped by the Dakotas, and said to

visit them in dreams.
■wi-tko'-kog-za, v. n. to pretend to be drunk, —

witkowakoijza,
"wi-tko'-pi, n. drunkenness.
■wi-tko'-tko, adj. foolish, — wimatkotko, wiuij-

tkotkopi.
"wi-tko'-tko-ka, n. a fool, — wimatkotkoka.
■wi-tko'-tko-pi, n. foolishness.
■wi-tko'-tko-ya, adv. foolishly.
■wi-tko'-wir), n. a foolish woman, a harlot.
"wi-tko'-'wir)-na, n. Same as witkowiq.
■wi-tko'-ya, v. a. to make drunk, — witkowaya,

witkomayai).
■wi-tko'-ya, adv. foolishly, like a drunken man.
"wi-tko'-ya-hai), adv. foolishly, sillily.
■wl-to'-ka, n. a female captive.
■wi'-to-ye, n. something that dyes blue or green ;

green or blue blanketing.
■wi'-wa-koQ-za, v. a. to wail for those who have

gone out on a war party, — wiwawakoqza, wiwi-

cayawakoijza.
"wi'-'waQ-ga, v. of iwaijga; to ask questions, to

inquire, — wimuijga, wiui)wai)gapi, wimawaqga.
■wi'--war)-ga-pi, n. questions.
'vri'-'wa.Jjh., cont. of wiwaqga; wiwaijh. wahi, /

have come to ask questions.
"wi'-'war)R-tu-ken, adv. in an inquiring way.
■wi'-'warjh-ya, v. a. to cause to inquire, — wi-

waghwaya.
■wi-vra'-ste, n. See wiwasteka.
'wi-'wa'-ste-ka, n. a beautiful woman, a lady.
■wi-"wa'-yu-lia, v. to live with the relatives of

one's husband ; a woman who lives with her hus-
band's relations, — wiwamduha.

'wl-'wa'-zi-ca, n. a widow.

'Wi-'wi', n. a bog, a quagmire.

wi'-'wi-ea-hnu-pl, n. accusation, blaming.

■wl'-'wi-ca-'waij-ga-pi, n. questions.

■wi'-"wi-ea-zi-ce, n. riches.

■wi-TVi'-ya, adv. boggy, marshy.

■wl'-ya-eir), v. of iyaciq ; to liken to, compare to
or with, — wimdacii), wiuijyaciijpi.

■wi'-ya-eiij-i-a-pi, n. parables, similitudes.

"wi'-ya-eir)-pi, n. likeness, resemblance, simili-
tude.

■wi'-ya-eiij-yar), adv. parabolic, in the form of
similitude.

■wi'-ya-liai), v. of iyahai) ; to alight in, as
birds.

■wi'-ya-ka, n. a quill, a feather of the wing or
tail of geese, etc.

■wi-ya'-ka, n. sand.

■wi'-ya-ka-ske, n. a band, i. q. tehmiso.

■wi-ya'-kpa, v. n. to shine, glisten.

■wi-ya'-kpa, adj. bright, glistening.

"wi-ya'-kpa-kpa, red. of wiyakpa.

■wi-ya'-kpa-pi, n. brightness.

■wi-ya'-kpa-ya, adv. brightly.

"wi'-ya-or)-pa, v. of iyaoqpa ; to blame, charge
with, — wiyawaoijpa. See wiiyaoijpa.

"wl'-ya-pe, v. of iyape ; to lie in wait, — wiya-
wape.

■wi'-ya-spa-pi, n. the moon is nibbled ; an ex-
pression used in reference to the moon when it
has commenced waning.

"wi-ya'-spu-ye-dajQ, n. a large species of field-
mouse with a pointed nose, which is said to eat
up the moon.

wi'-ya-ta-hde, v. to have exceeding much, — wi-
yatamahde.

■wi'-ya-ta-hde-ya, adv. having much, surpass-
ingly.

■wi'-ya-ta-om-ya, n. See wiataomya.

"wi-ya'-te-ca, n. a species of red, sour berry,
growing on bushes five or six feet high.

■wi'-ya-tkai), n. a drinking vessel, a cup.

"wi'-ya-tke, n. Same as wiyatkaij.

■wi-ya'-tpa, adj. bright, glittering.

■wi-ya'-tpa-tpa, adj. red. of wiyatpa.

■wi-ya'-tpa-ya, adv. brightly.

■wl-ya'-tpa-ya, v. a. to cause to glisten.

"wi'-ya-ya, adv. ready : wiyaya hnaka, to make
ready. See wiyeya.

■wl'-ya-yu-ski-ta, v. to bind around, — wiya-
mduskita.

■wi'-ya-yu-ski-te, n. a bandage.

"wi'-ye, n. the female of animals.

"wi'-ye, adj. female, used only in reference to
animals.

WIY

247

WOA

•wi'-ye-dai), dim. of wiye ; the female of animals,

birds, etc.
■wi'-ye-ya, adv. ready, prepared ; wiyeya mai)-

ka, / am ready ; wiyeya hnaka, to make ready,

prepare.
■wi-yo'-eo-kam-tu, n. the middle moon, applied

to January and July.
■wi'-yo-hl, V. of iyohi ; to reach to, he sufficient

for. See iyolii, etc.
■wi-yo'-hi-yar)-pa, n. the east, the sun-rising.
■wi-yo'-hi-yar)-pa-ta, adv. at the east, eastward.
■wi-yo'-hi-yari-pa-ta, n. the east: wiyoliiya^-

pata ec'iyataijhai), /row the east.
^B(rt-yo'-hi-yar)-pa-tar)-har), adv. from the east.
•wi'-yo-hpe-ya, v. of iyofipeya ; to put or throw

into, as meat into a kettle to boil, — wiyohpewaya.
■wi-yo'-hpe-ya-ta, n. the west, where the sun

sets ; at the west.
■wl-yo'-hpe-ya-ta-kl-ya, adv. westward, to-
wards the west.
■wi-yo'-hpe-ya-tar)-har), adv. from the west.
■wi-yo'-fipe-ya-ta--wi-ca-sta, n. the man of

the west, a name given to tlie thunder.
■wi-yo'-ki-he-dar), n. wampum ; a flag, a ban-
ner ; a fag of peace.
■wi-yo'-ki-ya, v. to court a woman. Same as

wiokiya.
■wi-yo'-ki-ye-dai), n. Same as wiyokihedai).
"wi'-yo-pe-ki-ya, v. of iyopekiya ; to sell, — wi-

yopewakiya.
"wi'-yo-pe-ya, v. of iyopeya ; to sell, trade, — wi-

yopewaya.
"wi'-yo-pe-ye, w. a seller, a merchant ; something

to trade for, merchandise.
"wi-yo'-tar)-har), n. noon; the south.
■wl-yo'-tar)-har)-i-na-sdo-ke, n. aftemom, past

noon.
■wl-yo'-tar)-he-eii), n. noon.
'wi'-yo-"wa, n. paint, something to mark or

write with ; ink, etc.
"wi'-yo-zar)-zai), v. of iyoiaijiai) ; to shine.
■wi'-yu-eai), n. a sieve ; a riddle.
■wi'-yu-oaq-ear), n. a sieve.
■wi'-yu-ha, v. of yuha ; to obtain, possess ; to have

or he with a woman, — wimduha.
■wi'-yu-hdo-ke, n. an opener, a key.
•wi'-yu-kcar), v. of iyukcaij ; to understand,

have an opinion ; one who forms an opinion, —

wimdukc'ai). See wokcai).
•wi'-yu-keai)-pi, n. forming an opinion.
•wi'-yu-kir)-ee, n. something to scrape with, a

scraper.
wi'-yu-kpar), n. a mill to grind with.
■wi'-yu-sdo-hai), n. a sled ; a sleigh.
■wi'-yu-sdo-he, n. Same as wiyusdohaij.

■wi'-3ru-ski-te, n. a bandage ; a press.

■wi'-yu-ski-ce, n. a press.

"wi'-yu-skir), v. of iyuskiq ; to ryoice, be glad, —
wimduskii}, wiur)yuskii)pi.

■wi'-yu-sklij-kl-ya, v. a. to cause to rejoice.

■wi'-yii-skii)-pi, n. rejoicing.

•wi'-yu-skir)-skii), v. red. of wiyu^kii).

■wi'-yu-skir)-skir)-na, «. the chickadeedee, the
black-cap titmouse.

■wi'-yu-skir)-yar), v. a. to cause to rejoice, — wi-
yuskiijwaya.

"wi'-yu-skig-yar), adv. rejoicingly, gladly.

■wi'-jm-ta, V. of iyuta ; to measure ; to weigh, —
wimduta, wiuqyutapi.

■wl'-yu-ta, V. of yuta ; to eat one thing with ano-
ther,— wiwata.

■wi'-yu-ta-pi, n. a measure.

"wl'-yu-te, n. a measure ; a steelyard.

■wi'-yu-tpar), n. a mill. Same as wiyukpai).

"wi'-yu-'wi, n. a vine.

"wi'-yu-za-za, n. something to wash in, as corn ;
a colander, a basket.

■wl-zi', n. an old smoky tent, or part of one.

"wi'-zi-ee, n. incense, as cedar leaves, etc.

■wi-zi'-dar), n. an old smoky tent.

■wi'-zin-ya, v. to offer incense, — wizinwaya.

"wl'-zi-ye, n. something to color yellow with.

■wi'-zi-ca, adj. of iiica ; rich, — wimaiic'a.

"WO, n. food. See woyute.

■wo, the sign of the imperat. sing, used by men ;
as, eco5 wo.

■WO, a prefix. 1. Verbs commencing with ' o '
make their absolute form by prefixing ' w ' instead
of ' wa,' the ' a ' being dropped ; as, oyaka,
to tell, woyaka ; wozu, etc. 2. ' Wo ' prefixed
to verbs and adjectives generally converts them
into abstract nouns ; as, wowa^te, goodness ; wo-
kiksuye, remembrance.

■wo'-a-ca-ksir), n. of acak^iq ; a stepping over.
This has been used for tlie Passover.

■wo'-a-hda, n. a taking home.

'wo'-a-hdi, n. a bringing home.

■wo'-a-he-eoi), n. family connexions. See wo-
wahecoq.

■wo'-a-hi, n. a bringing.

■wo'-a-ho-pe, n. of ahopa ; a ceremony, a cus-
tom ; a law, a commandment : waohope wikde-
mna kii), the ten commandments.

"Wo'-a-Ma-ni, n. of altani ; a transgression of
superstitious customs ; sin.

■wo'-a-i, n. the act of taking to a place.

■wo'-a-i-e, n. of aia ; a talking about, slander.

"wo'-a-i-hpe-ye, n. of aihpeya; leaving to; a
will, a testament ; that which is left to one, a
legacy.

wo A

248

WOH

■WO'-a-ka-ge, n. a making on, blasphemy.

"wo'-a-ka-hpe, n. of akaUpa ; a covering.

"wo'-a-ke-ye, n. a curtain, a screen, something
thrown up around like a tent.

"WO'-a-ki-Ro, n. of akiKo ; a habit ; a trade.

■wo'-a-ki-ktorj-ze, n. of akiktogia; forgetful-
ness.

■wo'-a-kta, n. of akta; regard, but not used
without sni.

■wo'-a-kta-sni, n. disregard,

"wo'-a-na-go-ptarj, n. of anagoptaq ; obedience.

■wo'-a-na-go-ptai)-yag, adv. obediently.

"wo'-a-na-hbe, n. of anaB.ma ; concealment ; a
secret.

■wo'-a-na-hma, w. Same as woanalibe.

■wo'-a-pe, n. of ape ; waiting for, expectation,
hope.

"wo'-a-na-pte, n. of anapta ; a stopping, re-
straint ; something astringent.

■wo'-a-sni, n. of asni ; recovery from sickness.

"wo'-a-sa-pe, n. of a^apa ; defilement.

■wo'-a-ta-ku-ni-sni, n. destruction.

"wo'-a-'wa-eil), JJ. of awaciq ; thinking on, faith.

■wo'-a-ya-te, n. of ayate ; prediction.

"wo'-a-yu-pte, n. of ayupta ; an answer.

■wo'-ba-spe, n. of ba^pa ; a piece cut off.

■wo'-bo-pte, n. See owobopte.

"wo'-ean-si-ee, n. sorrow.

"Wo'-ear)-hi-ya, v. n. not to be prevented from
succeeding in any thing by any event, as the loss
of a friend, etc. ; to be lucky, — wocai)himayai).

■wo'-car)-ksi, n. of caijksi ; ill humor.

"wo'-earj-ni-ye, n. of caqniyag ; malice, .wrath,
anger.

■wo'-car)t-a-h.de, n. evil intention against, malice;
the object of evil purpose.

•wo'-ear)-te, n. of caijte. See its use in the fol-
lowing words.

■wo'-car)-te-i-yu-tai)-ye, n. temptation.

■wo'-ear)-te-ki-ye, n. love. See wocagtkiye.

■wo'-6ar)-te-ptar)-ye, n. atiger.

■wo'-ear)-te-si-ee, n. sorrow.

"wo'-caij-te-'wa-ste, n. gladness.

•wo'-ear)t-i-he-ye, n. ardent desire.

•wo'-car)t-i-yu-tari, n. temptation.

"wo'-earjt-ki-ye, n. love, benevolence.

■wo'-eai)t-o-hna-ke, n. compassion.

■wo'-6ar)t-o-kpa-ni, n. a longing for.

vro'-earjt-o-tpa-nl, n. longing for.

"wo-ca'-ze-ya-te, n. the naming of things ; in
Dakota singing, the words that follow ' hi-hi-hi.'

■wo'-ce-ki-ye, n. of cekiya; crying to, prayer,
petition.

■wo'-ee-tug-hda, n. of cetuijhda ; unbelief.

■wo'-ee-ye, n. of deya ; crying. See wicaceya.

"vro'-iivs), V. of ociq ; to beg, ask for ; to be beg-
ging, on an errand : wocfiq wahi, / have come to
ask for something; wokicii) and wokicicii), to
ask of one.

"wo'-co-kor), n. of cokoq ; a threat, a curse.

■wo '-da, V. to beg food ; begging.

■wo'-da-s'a, n. a beggar.

■wo '-de, V. of ode ; to seek for, — wo wade.

■wo'-don, cont. of wodota ; wodon wahi, / have
come to borrow.

■wo'-do-ta, V. of odota ; to borrow, borrowing ;
to hire, — wowadota, wouijdotapi.

"wo'-do-ta-pi, n. borrowing.

"wo'-du-ta, n. the round of an animal when
dried. See odute.

■wo'-du-za-he, n. swiftness. See wicoduzahe.

"wo'-e-ee-tu, n. of ec'etu ; fulfilment.

■wo'-e-eor), n. work, doing.

•wo'-e-cor)-na, n. gambling. See oecoiina.

■wo'-e-cor)-yai), v. to do ; one who is always
doing, — woecoqwaya.

■wo'-e-hda-ku, n. of ehdaku ; deliverance.

■wo'-e-hpe-ye, n. of ehpeya ; putting or throw-
ing away.

■wo'-e-ki-ee-tll, n. renewal, resurrection.

■wo'-e-ki-ce-tu-ye, n. restoration.

■wo'-ga, V. to husk, as com, — wamduga, waui)yu-
gapi.

"Wo'-gar), n. a snow-drift.

■wo'-ga-pi, n. the act of husking com.

■wo'-gi, n. of gi ; brownness.

■wo'-gu, n. scraps, as of tallow tried out.

■wo'-ha-ka-kta, n. the youngest, the last.

"wo'-har), v. of oha;) ; to cook, boil ; to make a
feast, — wowahe, wouijhaijpi.

■wo'-haij-pi, n. a boiling ; a feast : wakai) wo-
haijpi, a sacred feast.

■wo'-hda-hda-ka, v. red. of wohdaka.

■wo'-hda-ka, v. of ohdaka ; to converse of or de-
tail one's own affairs ; to talk, — wowahdaka, wo-
uqhdakapi.

■wo'-hda-ka-pi, n. telling one's own affairs.

■wo'-hde-ee, n. an omen, a presentiment : wo-
hdece mduha.

■wo'-hdu-ze, n. something sacred or forbidden,
as the heart, etc., of animals. When a young
man engages to hold any thing as ' wohduze ' he
must not eat of it until, by killing an enemy, the
taboo is taken off. It is something abstained
from and considered sacred, including the idea of
an oath or sacrament or binding of oneself.
Hence the word is used for baptism and the
Lord's supper, to the partakers of which many
things are forbidden to be done.

■wo'-hdu-ze-tor), v. a. to set apart, consecrate.

WOE

249

WOK

wo'-hdu-ze-ya, v. a. to have for wohduze, — wo-
hduzewaya.

■WO '-he, V. See wohai].

■wo'-he-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to cook ; to have
for a cook, — wohewakiya.

•wo'-he-ki-ya-pi, n. a cook: wohewicakiyapi,
cooks.

■wo'-he-yui), n. a package, a bundle, as of dried
meat.

'^Wo'-hi-ti, adj. furious, terrible.

^wo'-hi-ti-d.a, v. a. to regard as furious, — wohi-
wada : wohitiiiJida, to think oneself terrible, — wo-
hitimi(5ida.

vro'-hi-ti-da-ka, v. Same as wohitida.

"WO'-hi-ti-hda, n. of hitihda ; something loathed.

"wo'-hi-ti-ka, adj. terrible, furious, violent ; ener-
getic,— womahitika, wouijhitipika.

■wo'-hi-ti-ya, adv. furiously, violently ; energeti-
cally.

"wo'-hl-ya, v. to overcome, conquer. See ohiya.

■wo'-hmuQ-ke, n. something to be trapped, as
beaver, etc.

■wo'-hna, prep. in. See ohna.

■wo'-hna-ka, v. of ohnaka ; to put or place in,
— wowahnaka.

•wo'-hna-ye, n. of hnayaq ; deceit.

■wo'-ho-da, V. of ohoda ; to honor. See wooho-
da.

■wo'-lia, n. of ha ; a place to bury in, a corn-hole
or other pla,ce of deposit in the ground, a cache ;
a cellar, a pit ; something buried.

■wo'-ha-ka, n. of ohaka ; something that hurts
or injures, whether externally or internally ; some-
thing eaten that does not agree with the stomach ;
poison.

■wo'-lia-ka, v. of ohaka ; to be poisoned, — woma-
haka.

"wo'-hdo-ke-ca, n. one who invents, an inventor.

"wo'-hirj-yai), v. of ohiijyai) ; to be dissatisfied
with, to take offence at, — wowahiijyai).

■wo'-hir)-yar)-pi, n. dissatisfaction, offence.

Avo'-hpa, V. a. to carry presents to give in ex-
change for a woman, to buy a wife, — wowahpa
and wamduhpa. Buying is the honorable way
of taking a wife among the Dakotas. Usually
they pay about the value of $40 — a horse, four
or five guns, or six or eight blankets.

■WO'-Rpa-pi, n. buying a wife.

■wo'-i-ea-ge, n. of idaga ; a growth ; a creation.

■wo'-i-6ai)-ksi, n. ill-temper.

■wo'-i-ea-zo, n. of icazo ; debt ; credit.

"Wo'-i-ea-ze, adj. many, very many : wic'a^ta
woicaze.

"wo'-i-ca-ze-ka, adj. very many.

■wo'-i-cu, n. of icu ; a receiving.
32

"wo'-i-ei-hde, n. one who lays up for himself ;
substance.

■wo'-i-en-hde, n. a casting up to, charging
with.

"wo'-i-har)-inde, n. a dream.

"wo'-i-hda-ka, v. reflex, of wohdaka ; to declare
oneself, declare one's purposes ; to vow, — womi-
hdaka.

•wo'-i-hda-tai), n. boasting.

■wo'-i-hnu, n. murmuring. See wowihnu.

"wo'-i-ha, n. something laughable.

■wo'-i-ha-dar), n. something that causes laughter.
See wowihadai).

•wo'-i-ta-ha, n. raillery.

"wo'-i-ha-ya, adv. laughably, ludicrously.

■wo'-i-Ra-ya-ken, adv. ludicrously.

"wo'-i-ki-ksa-pe, n. experience.

■wo'-i-ksa-pe, n. something difficult.

■wo'-i-ksa-pe-ea, n. that which is difficult.

■wo'-i-na-fibe, n. of inahma ; concealment.

■wo'-i-na-pe, n. See wowinape.

■wo'-i-pu-za, n. thirst.

■wo'-i-stiri-be, «. of istirima ; sleep.

•wo'-i-stirj-ma, n. sleep.

■Wo'-i-tor)-pe, n. carefulness. See wowitoi)pe.

"Wo'-i-tor)-sni, n. of itoijsni ; a lie, falsehood.

■wo'-i-tu-ka-ge, n. a falsehood.

■wo'-i-ye-ee-tu, n. fulfilment, uprightness.

■wo'-i-yo-ki-si-ce, n. sorrow, sadness.

"wo'-i-yu-skir), n. gladness. See wowiyuskii).

vro'-ka-ga, v. of okaga ; to make like.

"wo'-ka-ge, n. of kaga ; any thing made, forms.

■wo'-ka-ge, adj. stuck full of splinters or briers,
— womakage.

■wo'-ka-gi, n. of kagi ; a hindrance.

"wo'-ka-gi-ye, n. one who obstructs,

■wo'-ka-ha-ke, n. the cause of sadness or evil :
wokahake wanin waui], / have no cause of sad-
ness.

"wo'-ka-lini-ga, v. of okaliniga ; to understand,
— wowakahniga.

■wo'-ka-hni-ge, n. of kahniga ; choice.

'wo'-ka-kis-ye, n. the cause of suffering.

"wo'-ka-ki-ze, n. of kakiza ; suffering, misery.

•wo'-ka-par), n. pounded meat; a meat-block.

■wo-ka'-pa-za, n. pungency, any thing pungent,
as pepper.

"wo'-ka-pe, n. of kapa ; going beyond, transgres-
sion ; one who catches a ball.

■wo'-ka-sda-ta, v. of okasdata; to stick in, as a
splinter, — womakasdata, wonidasdata.

■wo-ka'-sda-te, n. a splinter.

■wo'-ka-se, n. of kasa ; a deposit in the snow.

■wo'-ka-se-ye, n. something opposing, a hin-
drance.

WOK

250

WOO

^w■o'-kear), v. of yukdai) ; to judge, understand,
form an opinion, decide, — wamdukcai).

"WO'-kear), n. wic'asta wokcaij, a prophet.

TWO'-kear)-ka, n. one loho understands things.

"wo'-ke-ya, n. a shelter, a cover, a booth.

■wo'-ki-ear)-pte, w. comfort, consolation.

■wo'-ki-ei-ei-ya-pi, n. talking to each other,
friendly intercourse.

\wo'-kl-ei-ze, n. fighting.

■wo'-ki-ei-zu, n. of wozu ; to sow or plant for
one, — wowedizu.

■wo'-ki-coi)-ze, n. law, government, kingdom.

wo'-ki-da-pi, n. the act of requesting.

"wo'-ki-ksu-ye, n. of kiksuya ; remembrance.

"wo'-ki-ksar), n. rape. See wikiksaij.

"WO'-ki-kta, n. of kikta ; watching, waking.

■wo'-ki-mnarj-ka, adj. liberal, large ; good, wise,
honored.

■wo'-ki-ni, v. of okini : to get a share, acquire, —
wowakini, wouijkinipi.

■wo'-ki-ni-har), n. of kinihaq ; honor, respect.

■wo'-ki-pa-zir), n. opposition, rebellion.

"wo'-ki-tar), n. a little of any thing : wokitai)
mayaku, thou hast given me very little.

Awo'-ki-tar), n. of kitai) ; obstinacy.

■wo'-ki-tar)-ir), n. manifestation.

■wo'-ki-tarj-ig-yai), adv. gloriously.

wo'-ki-tarj-yar), adv. obstinately, perversely.

•wo'-ki-ya, v. of okiya : to speak with, talk with ;
to make peace, — wowakiya, wourjkiyapi.

■^w■o'-ki-ya, v. of okiya ; to help. See wawokiya.

wo'-ki-yag, cont. of wokiyaka ; wokiyag wahi, /
have come to announce to one.

■wo'-ki-ya-ka, v. of okiyaka ; to tell to one, de-
clare to, — wowakiyaka and wowakimdaka, woya-
kiyaka and woyakidaka, wouijkiyakapi.

wo'-ki-ya-pi, n. making peace, peace, a cove-
nant.

■wo'-ki-ye, n. peace. See wookiye.

•wo'-ki-ye-a-i-e--wi-ca-ki-ya-pi, n. councillors.

■wo'-ki-yu-he, n. of kiyuha ; copulation.

"wo'-ki-yu-ske, n. setting free, deliverance.

■wo'-ki-zi, n. of okizi ; healing ; salve.

■wo'-ki-zi-ya, v. to heal, — wokiziwaya.

■wo'-ki-zl-ye, n. a healer ; that which heals,
salve.

■wo'-ki-za, V. of woza ; to make hasty-pudding
for one, — wowakiza.

■wo'-ko-ki-pe, n. of kokipa ; fear ; the cause of
fear.

■wo'-ko-ki-pe-ya, adv. fearfully.

■wo'-kor), n. of koi) ; desire, something desirable.

■Wo'-kor)-ka, n. soinething desired.

■wo'-kor)-ze, n. a decree, law, influence.

"wo'-ko-ya-ke, n. of koyaka ; clothing.

"WO'-ko-ze, n. a swinging, a brandishing.
■wo'-kpar), v. of yukpaij ; to grind, as grain, —

wamdukpaq : wokpai) wahi, / have come to

grind.
■wo'-kpar)-ti-pi, n. a grinding mill.
■wo'-ksa, V. of yuksa ; to break off, to pull, as corn,

— wamduksa, wauijyuksapi.
•wo'-ksa-pe, n. of ksapa ; toisdom.
"wo'-ksa-pi, n. pulling corn, harvest ; those en-
gaged in harvesting, reapers.
'wo'-ksa-pi-'wi, n. the harvest moon, August.
■wo'-kte, n. of kte ; a killing.
■wo'-kte-ka, n. one who kills much.
■wo'-kte-ya, v. a. to have for the purpose of

killing things, as a gun or dog, — woktewaya.
"wo'-ku-ze, n. of kuia ; idleness, laziness.
"wo'-ku-zi-te, n. laziness.
"wo'-ke, n. of ka ; a digging ; a place dug to

bury in.
■wo'-kii), n. of kii) ; <» ^ac^ ; a carrying.
■wo'-ku, V. of o^u ; to give food ; to lend, — wo-

waku.
■wo'-ku-pi, n. a lending, giving,
■wo'-mdu, V. of yumdu ; to pulverize, to plough,

— wamdumdu.
"wo'-mna, v. of omna ; to smell, perceive smell ;

to have smell, — wowamna.
"wo'-mna-ka, n. any thing that gives forth much

odor.
■wo'-mna-sni, adj. pure, clean, inodorous ; i. q.

wimnasni and wiqmnasni. Said of one who is

unmarried.
■vsro'-mna-ye, n. a collection.
"wo'-mni-ei-ye, n. an assembly. See wicomni- ,

diye.
wo'-mni-he-ea, n. activity. See wicomniheda.
"won, cont. of wota : won mani, he toalks eating.
"wo'-na-ke, v. of naka ; a tremor, an omen.
"wo'-na-se, n. of nasa ; a hunting of buffalo.
■wo'-na-te, v. to stop giving to one, to withhold, —

wonawate, wonamayate.
wo'-na-te-ya, v. a. not to give to one as one

has been accustomed to do, — wonatewaya.
"wo'-na-ti-ee, v. n. not to have received any

thing ; to be disappointed, — wonamatide.
■wo'-ni-hiq-ei-ye, n. of nihiijdiya ; fright.
•won'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to eat, to feast, —

wonwakiya.
■wo'-nu-ka, adj. fertile, as land, producing well :

maka wonvka,, fertile land.
■won'-ya, v. a. to cause to eat, to make a feast :

wonwidawaya, / cause them to eat.
•wo'-o-hda-ke, m. of ohdaka; a declaring of

one's own rights or intentions.
■wo'-o-hi-ye, n. of ohiya ; victory.

woo

251

WOT

wo'-o-ka-hnl-ge, n. of okahniga; the under-
standing of things, comprehension.

"WO'-o-ki-hi, n. of okilii ; jmwer, ability.

■WO'-0-ki-tar)-ir), n. manifestation.

•wo'-o-ki-ye, n. of okiya ; peace.

"wo'-o-ki-ye, n. of okiya ; help.

"wo'-o-ki-zi, 11. of okizi ; healing.

■wo'-o-mna, n. smell, that which produces smell.

"wo'-og-spe, n. of oijspe ; a precept, a lesson.

■wo'-or)-spe-ka, n. something that teaches, a
lesson.

"wo'-or)-spe-ki-ye, n. of oijspekiya ; teaching.

wo'-o-pe, n. of opa ; law, custom.

■WO'-O-ski-ske, n. confusion, difficulty, com-
plexity.

■wo'-0-tar)-ir), n. manifestation, news.

'wo'-o-'wo-tap-na, n. righteousness, upright-
ness.

wo'-o-zi-i-ei-ye, n. rest, repose.

■WO'-O-zi-zl, n. of oiizi ; whispering.

■wo'-pa-ge, 11. something bulky, for which there
is no room.

■wo'-pa-gi, n. something stuffed ; the noise made
by a blow.

"WO'-pa-gi-ya, adv. in a stuffed manner.

■wo'-pa-kar), v. n. to be honored ; i. g. ohodapi,
— womapakai).

"Wo'-pa-kir)-te, n. of pakiqta ; wiping.

^w•o'-pa-Inna-yar), adv. collected together.

■wo'-pa-mni, n. a pile, a share, a distribution.

'wo'-pa-ni-ca, v. n. to be easily made angry, to
be sensitive or irritable, — wopamanica.

"wo'-pa-smi, n. of pasmi ; spite, anger.

"wo'-pa-snor(, n. of pasnoij ; a roast, a roasting
of meat.

"wo'-pa-ta, n. a place for cutting up meat ;
the act of cutting up meat.

■wo'-pa-to-ye, n. a hindrance.

■wo'-pa-zir), v. n. to be prevented by, to be made
unsuccessful, — womapaiiij .

■wo'-pe-tor), V. of opetoi) ; to buy, to buy and
sell, to trade, — wopewatoi), wopeuijtoijpi.

■wo'-pe-tor), n. a trader, a merchant.

"wo'-pi-da, n. thanks ; joy, gladness.

■wo'-pi-da-ki-ye, n. something that makes glad.

■wo'-pi-da-ya, v. a. to make joy or gladness, —
wopidawaya.

■wo'-pi-da-ye, n. something that makes glad.

"WO'-pi-ye, n. a case, a bag, a box, a medicine
sack ; a store-house ; any place in which things
are kept.

■wo'-pi-ye-ya, v. a. to have for a wopiye, — wo-
piyewaya.

■wo'-pta, V. of yupta ; to cut out, as clothes.

■wo'-pte, n. scraps, cuttings.

■wo'-pte-ea, n. one who cuts out clothes.

■wo'-pte-ea, adj. what can be measured or counted.
See woptecasni.

■wo'-pte-ea-ka, adj. immense, abundant.

■wo'-pte-oa-sni, adj. immense, innumerable, im-
measurable : taku woptecasni.

■wo'-sarj-ka, n. a place where nothing can be ob-
tained, a country destitute of game.

"wo'-sa-pa, n. of sapa ; blackness.

■wo'-sdo-he-dai), n. paths made by squirrels in
the grass.

"wo'-sdon-ye, n. of sdonya ; knowledge.

"WO '-ska, n. one who makes white ; ornamental
work.

■wo'-ska-ka, n. one who makes white or works
moccasins.

■wo'-ska-pi, n. quill-work. See oskapi.

"Wo'-sku-ye, n. of skuya ; taste, savor.

"wo'-spa-ye, n. wetness. See spaya.

■wo'-su-kan-yu-za, v. to take openly when one
has no right. See osukanyuza.

■wo'-sa, n. of sa ; redness.

■wo'-s'a-ka, adj. overloaded. See yus'aka.

■wo'-sa-pa, n. of Sapa ; any thing that blackens
or defiles.

■wo'-si-ce, n. of sica ; evil, badness, the cause of
disease.

"wo'-si-hda, n. of sihda ; anger.

■wo'-si-har), n. of sihaq ; wickedness.

"Wo'-si-Mir), n. of Siitii) ; feebleness, debility.

■wo'-si-tki-hda, n. of sitkihda ; affliction, dis-
pleasure.

"wo'-si-tki-hda-ya, v. to afflict ; to make angry.

■wo'-ska-te, n. of skata ; play. See wicoSkate.

■wo'-ski-ca, v. of yuskida ; to press.

■wo'-ski-ske, n. of oskiske ; trouble, confusion.

■wo'-sna, V. of yuSna ; to sacrifice ; to drop, —
wowasna.

■wo'-sna, n. something offered to the gods, a sa-
crifice.

■wo'-sna-ka-ga, n. one who offers sacrifice, a
priest.

■wo'-sna-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to sacrifice, — wo-
snawakiya.

■wo'-sna-pi-ka-ga, n. a po-iest.

■wo'-spaij-ka, n. something to cook in.

■wo'-spi, V. of yuSpi ; to pick, as berries, — wa-
mduSpi.

■wo'-ste-kl-da, v. to consider difficult, — woSte-
wakida.

■Wo'-Sur)g-ya, adv. violently ; very ; i. q. nina.

■wo'-ta, V. of yuta ; to eat, — wawata, wauijtapi :
askatudai) mawota tuka nina wawata heoi) ma-
tapka, / have been eating only a little while, but
have eaten much, and therefore I am large.

WOT

252

WOW

"WO'-ta-kpe, n. of takpe ; an attack, an assault.
■wo'-tai), V. of yutai) ; to touch, to feel ; any

thing that feels about for food, as the raccoon.
■WO'-tar)-d.a, n. respect.
■wo'-tar)-ir), v. of otaijiij ; to he apparent.
■wo'-tar)-ir), n. news.
■wo'-tar)-ir)--wo-"wa-pi, n. a newspaper.
■Wo'-tar)-ka, v. n. to be in need of, — womataijka.
■Wo'-tar)-ka, n. largeness, any thing large : cai)

wai)zi wotai)ka.
"WO'-ta-pi, n. eating.
■wo'-ta-tpe, n. an attack. See wotakpe.
■Wo'-ta-"we, n. armor ; weapons consecrated by

religious ceremonies ; whatever is relied upon in

war.
■wo'-ta--we--wo-har)-pi, n. the armor feast.

This feast is usually made by young men who

wish to kill an enemy. They cry and howl

frightfully.
"WO'-te-ea, n. wild beasts, cattle, ruminating ani-
mals. This term includes such as are granivorous

and herbivorous.
■wo-te'-ea, n. of teca ; newness.
■wo'-te-hni, v. See wotihni.
wo'-te-lii, n. something hard to be endured, dif-
ficulty, trouble. See otehi.
wo'-te-hi-ke, n. difficulty.
"wo'-te-kte-hda, v. n. to be hungry, — wotekte-

wahda, wotekteuqhdapi.
wo'-te-kte-hda-pi, n. hunger.
"wo'-ti-ca, n. scraping or pawing, as an ox or

horse does snow.
■wo'-ti-hni, v. of ihni ; to hunt large animals, as

deer and elk, — wotiwahni, wotiuqhnipi.
•wo'-ti-hni-pi, n. the hunting of deer, etc.
"wot'ki-ya, v. See wonkiya.
•wo'-to-ki-eor), n. of toki^oij ; revenge.
■wo'-tor), n. property.
"wo'-tpar), V. of yutpai) ; to grind, as grain, —

wamdutpai).
"WO'-tpaiJ-ti-pi, n. a grist-mill.
■wo'-ta, V. to be dead of food, to have eaten too

much, to be surfeited — womata.
"wo'-te, n. death.
"wo'-te-ye, n. the cause of death.
■Wo'-"wa, V. of owa ; to mark, to paint, to write, —

wowawa, woyawa.
"wo'-'wa-ei, n. the dance, dancing.
■wo'-"wa-eir)-ko, n. irascibility.
■wo'-'wa-eir)-tar)-ka, n. patience, perseverance.
■wo'-"wa-cir)-yar), n. trusting in, reliance upon,

faith.
■wo'-'wa-cir)-ye, n. Same as wowaciriyai).
■wo'-'wa-hde-ee, n. a twitching ; an omen. See

wahdeda.

■WO'-^W■a-he-cor), n. kindred, relationship ; names
expressing relationship.

•WO'-"wa-ho-kor)-ki-ye, n. instruction, advice.

■wo'-Tva-hba-dar), n. gentleness, meekness.

■wo'-^wa-hpa-ni-ea, n. poverty.

■wo'-^wa-hta-ni, n. See woahtani.

■wo'-"wa-Me-da-sni, n. dissatisfaction.

■wo'-'wa-Me-da-sni-yar), adv. not pleased with.

'wo'-'wa-kar), n. something supernatural. This
word we have used for holiness.

■wo'-"W"a-ka-so-te-snl, n. purity.

■Wo'-"wa-ki-GOi3-ze, n. law, government, influ-
ence.

■wo'-'wra-ki-tar), «. something that is contended
for.

■wo'-'wa-ki-tar)-ye, n. that which causes obsti-
nacy or determination, resolution.

■w"o'-"wa-kor)-ze, n. determination; law, rule,
justice.

TVO'-"wa-kta, n. a mark, a sign ; circumspection.

■wo'-Ava-ma-nor), n. theft.

■wo'-"wa-nma-da, n. respect.

■wo'-"wa-ni-ki-ye, n. salvation.

■wo'-waq-ya-ke, n. a vision, a sight, a show.

"Wo'-'wa-OQ-spe, n. precept, instruction.

■wo'-"wa-or)-spe-ki-ye, n. instruction.

■\vo'-'wa-or)-si-da, n. mercy ; pity, kindness.

■wo'-'wa-pe-tog'-tor), n. a mark, a sign.

■wo'-wa-pe-to-ke-ea, n. a sign, a wonder, a
miracle.

'wo'-'wa-pi, w. a painting or carving in hiero-
glyphics ; a painting or representation, a picture ;
a writing, a letter ; a book.

■wo'-wa-pi-i-ca-ge, n. something used to paint
or write with, a pen or pencil.

wo'-'wa-pi-ka-ga, v. to write, to make a book, —
wowapi wakaga.

•wo'-"wa-pi-ka-ga, n. a scribe, a clerk.

■wo'-wa-pi-o-hni-hde, n. a newspaper. Wo-
taqii)-wo\vapi is better.

"wo'-wa-pi-'wa-kar), n. the holy book, the
Bible.

wo'-'wa-pi-'wi-co-iii, n. the book of life. Wi-
coni-wowapi is thought to be the better form.

"wo'-vra-s'ag-ya, adv. strongly.

■wo'-'wa-s'a-ke, n. of was'aka ; strength.

"Wo'-"wa-ste, n. of waste ; goodness.

wo'-wa-ste-da-ke, n. love, complacerKy.

■wo'-vra-wo-ki-ye, n. lielp.

■wo'-wa-ya-zar), n. of wayazaij ; sickness, dis-
ease.

■wo'-'wi-ca-da, n. of wicada ; belief, faith.

'wo'-'wi-ca-da-ya, v. a. to cause belief, to per-
suade,— wowicadawaya.

wo'-"wi-ea-hna-ye, n. deception. See wohnaye.

wow

253

woz

■Wo'-vri-ea-Mag-ni-ea, v. n. to be irritable,
easily provoked ; to be unwilling to be touched, —
wowicahtagmanica.
•wo'-'wi-oa-ke, n. of wicaka ; truth : wowicake

eciyataqhai), of a truth, truly.
\wo'-'wl-6a-ke-ya-tar)-hai), adv. of a truth,

truly.
■wo'-vri-eii), n. See wicijjpi.
WO'-'wi-dag-ya, v. a. to make a servant of to
have for a servant, to cause to serve, — wowidag-
waya, wowidagur)yai)pi, wowidagmayai).
•wo'-'wi-da-ke, n. of idaka ; a servant.
•wo'-"wi-har|-inde, n. of ihaqmna ; a dream,

dreams.
■wo'-"wi-hai)-nina, n. dreams.
■WO'-"wi-hnu, n. murmuring.
"wo'-wi-ta, n. something laughable.
■wo'-vri-ha-dar), n. fun ; something laughable.
■wo'-vri-ha-ta, n. laughing, making fim.
'wo'-'wi-lia-ta-ki-ya, v. to laugh at one's own,

— wowiEaliawakiya.
"wo'-'wi-ha-l&a-ya, adv. shamefully.
■WO'-"wi-lia-ya, adv. laughably.
"wo'-'wi-ha-ya-ken, adv. ridiculously.
■wo'-"wl-ina-ga-ga, v. n. to be cheerful or

merry, — wowimamagaga, wowinimagaga.
■wo'-'wi-ma-ga-ga, «. of imagaga ; something

cheering.
vro'-'wi-na-hni, n. of inaliui ; haste.
■wo'--wi-na-ki--wi-zi, n. jealousy.
■wo'-Avi-na-pe, n. of inapa ; a refuge, a retreat.
vro'-'wi-na-pe-ya, v. a. to have for a refuge.
'wo'-'wi-na-'wi-zi, n. jealousy, envy ; the cause

of envy,
■wo'-'wi-ni-har), n. of inihaij ; something fright-
ful, fear.
■wo'-wi-ni-hag-yar), adv. fearfully.
■wo'-"wir)-kta, n. of iwiijkta ; gladness ; glory.
■wo'-Awiij-yurj-yar), v. a. to use as an instru-
ment,— wowii)yur)waya.
■wo'-Tvir)-yur)-yar)-pi, n. tools, instruments.
wo'-"wi-ste-ee, n. of isteca ; shame.
'wo'-'wi-sten-ya, adv. disgracefully, shamefully :

wowistenya eoainoi), / have acted shamefully.
"wo'-'wi-sten-ye, n. the cause of shame.
wo'-'wi-su-te, adj. of i^ute ; very much : taku

wowisute.
■wo'-wi-su-te-ka, adj. very much.
'Wo'-'wl-su-te-ya, adv. very much, abundantly.
■Wo'-AVi-taq, n. of itai) ; honor, glory ; pride.
■wo'-'wi-tarj-yar), v. a. to glory in, — wowitai)-

waya.
■wo'-"wi-tar)-yar), adv. honorably, gloriously.
'Wo'-'wi-tOQ-pe, n. of itoqpa ; something to be
feared or guarded against ; danger.

■wo'-"wi-yur)-yai), v. See wowii)yui)yai).
■wo'-Avi-yu-skir), n. of iyu^kiq ; gladness, re-
joicing.
■wo'-vri-yu-skir)-yar), adv. gladly, rejoicingly.
"W"o'-"wi-yu-tar), n. of iyutaq ; temptation.
"wo'-"wi-yu-tar)-ye, n. temptation.
"wo'-'wi-zi-ee, n. of wizida ; riches.
"Wo'-ya-eo, n. of yaco ; judgment, condemnation.
•wo'-yag, cont. of woyaka ; woyag wahi, J have

come to tell.
"wo'-ya-ka, v. of oyaka ; to tell, relate, declare,

publish, — womdaka, wouqyakapi.
"wo'-ya-ka-pi, n. a declaration, a narration.
■wo'-ya-ke, n. a relation, a declaration, a vow.
■wo'-ya-pta-pl, n. leavings, fragments of food,
■wo'-ya-pte, n. See woyaptapi.
"Wo'-ya-su, n. of yasu ; finishing, i. q. yacopi.
■wo'-ya-tar), n. of yatai) ; praise.
■wo'-ya-tke, n. of yatkaij ; drink.
•wo'-ya-ta-ga, n. something astringent.
■wo'-ya-wa, n. of yawa ; a counting.
"wo'-ya-'wa-ste, n. of yawaste ; blessing, praise.
■wo'-ya-wa-tar)-ka, n. a great count, a million.
■wo'-yu-e-ee-tu, n. of yuedetu ; a making right.
■wo'-yu-ha, n. of yuha ; possessions, property.
■wo'-yu-htaij-yar), n. small burrs of several
varieties of plants, probably species of Xanthium.
"wo'-yu-kear), n. of yukcaij ; opinion, judgment.
"Wo'-yu-ska, n. ornamental work, such as cutting

strips into skin, and winding them with quills.
■wo'-yu-su, n. of yusu ; a making right, finish-
ing.
■wo'-yu-su-ta, n. of yusuta ; a making firm.
■wo'-yu-sda-ye-hna, n. See sdayehna.
"wo'-yu-si-ee, n. that which makes bad.
■ "wo'-yu-si-Mii), n. that which makes feeble.
■wo'-yu-ski-ske, n. that which causes difficulty.
wo'-yu-sna, n. of yusna; missing, letting fall ;

sacrificing.
•wo'-yu-stai), n. of yu^tai) ; finishing, comple-
tion, perfection ; putting one in another.
"wo'-yu-te, n. of yuta ; something to eat, food.
"vwo'-yu-te-ya, v. a. to have or use as food, —

woyutcwaya.
wo'-yu-tkor)-ze, n. finishing, perfecting.
■wo'-yu-tpai), n. See wiyutpag.
■wo'-yu-"wa-ste, n. of yuwa^te; that which

makes good.
•wo'-zar)-ni, n. health.
"wo'-ze, n. of yuze ; taking out, lading out of a

kettle.
■wo'-ze-pi, part, laded out.
"wo'-zi, n. See zi.

"wo'-za, V. of yuza ; to mash ; to stir, as mush,
to make mush, — wowaia and wamduia.

woz

254

YAC

■wo'-za-pi, n. something mashed and stirred up ;

hasty -piidding, mush.
■wo'-za-za, v. of yuiaia ; to wash, do a washing,

— wamduiaia.
■wo'-za-za-pi, n. washing.
■wo'-zi-ee, n. riches.
■wo'-zu, V. of ozu ; to sow, to plant, — wowaiu,

woyaiu, wouijiupi.
■wo'-zu, n. a sower.

■wo'-zu-ha, n. an empty bag, a sack, a case.
•wo'-zu-ha-dax), n. a small bag.
■wo'-zu-pi, n. seed for planting ; sowing or plant-
ing ; a field or garden.
■WO'-ZU-pi-'Wi, n. the planting moon. May.
"wo'-zu-ti, M. a farm-house ; a farmer.
■wo'-zu-tor), V. of oiutor) ; to fill up into bags

or sacks, — woiuwatoi).
"wo'-zu-tog-pi, n. a bag or sack filled, a bag of

corn.
VTo'-zu-zu, V. of yuzuiu ; to take to pieces; to

demolish ; to unpack, — wowaiuiu and wamdu-

zuzu.
"Wo'-zu-zu-pi, n. taking to pieces.
•wuh'--wuh--wuh, intj. Used by the Dakota

women in calling a dog.

y, the twenty-seventh letter of the Dakota alphabet,

with the common sound of ' y ' in English.
ya, a prefix.

1. It is prefixed to a large class of verbs, and sig-

nifies that the action is done tdth the mouth,
by biting, talking, etc. ; as, yaksa, to bite off.

2. It is prefixed to adjectives, and sometimes

nouns, making of them verbs signifying
to speak of as such or to make so with the
mouth ; as, waite, good, yawaste, to call
good, to bless ; wic'aita, man, yawica^ta, to
speak of as a man. In these cases the dif-
ferent pei-sons are formed as in ya, to go.
ya, V. aux. causative ; to cause, to make. This is
suffixed to verbs, adjectives, etc. ; as, ecoijya, to
cause to do ; samya, to make black ; was'agya,
to make strong. The place of the pronoun is
before the ' ya.'
ya, V. aux. suffix to nouns ; to have for, regard
as ; as, tiyopa-ya, to have for a door ; isai)-ya, to
have for or use as a knife. It is also used in
cases of relationship ; as, ate-ya, to have for
father, — atewaya, ateuijyaijpi : taqk^iwaya, she
is my sister or / have her for sister.
ya, pron. in comp. thou, you.
ya, V. n. to go, to start, to proceed, — mda, da, uij-
yaijpi.

ya, or yai), an adverbial termination of adjec-
tives and an adverbial or participial termination
of verbs ; as, sic'a, bad, ^icaya, badly ; yukta^,
to bend, yuktaijyai), bending.
ya-a'-dos-do-za, v. yaadosdoza se iyeya, to say
something that makes another feel uncomfortable,
to injure one's feelings.
ya-a'-o-pte-ea, v. a. to speak of as being small,

to underrate, — mdaaopteda.
ya-a'-o-pten, cont. of yaopteda ; yaaopten iyeya.
ya-a'-o-pten-ya, adv. in a depreciating manner.
ya-a'-o-pte-tu, v. a. to speak of as less, to un-
derrate,— mdaaoptetu.
ya-a'-o-pte-tu-ya, adv. underrating.
ya-a'-sda, v. n. to graze, as cattle.
ya-a'-sda-ya, v. a. to make bare, as a falsehood ;
to unfold, tell, explain ; to make bare with the
teeth, — mdaasdaya.
ya-a'-ska-dar), v. a. to speak of as near, — mda-

askadai).
ya-a'-ska-ska-dar), v. red. of yaaskadaij.
ya-a'-ska-ya-ken, adv. speaking of as near.
ya-a'-ska-ye-dar), v. a. to spMk of as near, —

mdaaskayedaq.
ya-ba'-ga, v. a. to turn about with the mouth, to
twist ; to bite or vex, as one dog does another ;
to vex or annoy by begging, — mdabaga.
ya-ba'-ga-ka, v. a. to annoy, to beg of, — mdaba-

gaka.
ya-ba'-za, v. a. to annoy, as one dog does ano-
ther by biting.
ya-ba'-za, v. a. to bite or gnaw, as a horse does

wood.
ya-bo'-sdan, v. to set up with the mouth : ya-
bosdan yapa, and yabosdan ehnaka, to hold up-
right with the mouth.
ya-bu', V. a. to growl, to speak or sing with a

hoarse voice, — mdabu.
ya-bu'-bu, v. red, of yabu ; to speak with a

hoarse rough voice, — mdabubu.
ya-bu'-ya, adv. hoarsely : yabuya ia, to speak

with a hoarse voice.
ya-eao'-cai), v. a. to make shake with the mouth,
ya-ee'-ka, v. a. See yacekceka.
ya-ce'-kee-ka, v. a. to bite and make stagger, —

mdadekceka.
ya-ce'-ya, v. a. to make cry by talking to or

biting, — mdac'eya, mayac'eya.
ya-ci'-ka-dar), v. a. to count small ; to make
small with the mouth ; to undervalue, — mdadi-
kadai].
ya-ei'-stir)-na, v. a, to speak of as small, — mda-

distiijna.
ya-co', V. a. to judge, condemn, fine, — mdac'o,
dado, uijyadopi.

YAC

255

YAH

ya-co'-co, v. a. to chew up fine, — mdacoco.
ya-co'-ka, v. a. to judge, to condemn ; to make

empty.
ya-eo'-ka-ka, v. a. to empty by eating out the

inside, as dogs do a dead animal.
ya-co'-pi, n. condemnation ; i. q. woyaco.
ya-eo'-ya, adv. condemning.
ya-co'-ya-ken, adv. in the way of condemning.
ya-co'-za, v. a. to call warm, to make warm

with the mouth, — mdac'oza.
ya-dem'-de-pa, v. a. to bite notches in, — mda-

demdepa.
ya-du'-za-har), v. a. to call swift, — mdaduza-

hai) : also 2d pers. sing, of duzahai).
ya-e'-cafi, adv. Same as yaecayai.
ya-e'-ca-yah, adv. deceptively ; ironically : yae-

cayai oyaka, to tell a thing not as it is, to make

a statement of which the very reverse is true, —

yaecayai omdaka.
ya-e'-ce-dar), v. a. to speak of as right, to make

right with the mouth, — mdaecedaq.
ya-e'-een-ya, adv. yaec'enya oyaka, to tell a

thing as it ought to be told.
ya-e'-ce-tu, v. a. to consummate by speaking ; to

speak correctly, — mdaecetu.
ya-e'-ee-tu-ya, adv. speaking correctly.
ya-ga', v. a. to peel off with the teeth ; to husk

with the mouth, — mdaga.
ya-ga'-ga, v. red. of yaga ; yagaga iyeya.
ya-gam', cont. of yagapa ; yagam iyeya.
ya-gan'-ga-ta, v. a. to make forked with the

mouth, to prevaricate, — mdagangata.
ya-gar)', v. a. to suck out or open, — mdagai).
ya-ga'-pa, v. a. to bite off, as the skin or bark

from any thing, — mdagapa.
ya-ga'-ta, v. See yagangata.
ya-ge', v. a. to drink up, as water from a spring,

— mdage : to gather with the mouth, as an ox

does grass.
ya-ge'-ge, v. a. to gather with the mouth, as an

ox does grass.
ya-go', V. a. to make a mark with the teeth, —

mdago.
ya-gom', cont. of yagopa ; yagom yatkai), to sip,

as water : yagom icu.
ya-go'-pa, v. a. to suck up, to make a noise with

the mouth, as in eating soup, etc., — mdagopa.
ya-gu'-ka, v. a. to strain, as one's neck, by

biting any thing, — mdaguka.
ya-ha', v. n. to prick or run into, as beards of rice

or porcupine quills, — mayaha, wicayaha.
ya-ha'-ha, n. See yahahadaq. ■
ya-ha'-ha-dar), v. a. to shake or move with the

mouth ; to move one in his purpose by talking to,

to persuade, — mdahahadaq.

ya-ha'-ha-ye-dai), v. a. to move by talking to,

to shake in one's purpose, — mdahahayeda;) : cai)te

yahahayedai).
ya-ha'-i-ye-ya, v. a. to throw down with the

mouth, to turn aside with the mouth.
ya-hba', v. a. to shell with the mouth, to bite off,

— mdahba.
ya-hbe'-za, v. a. to bite and make rough, — mda-

hbeza.
ya-hbu'-ya-i-ye-ya, v. to push in with the nose

and make a noise, as in a barrel of corn.
ya-hda', v. a. to bite off, as a dog does the fat

from entrails ; to uncoil with the mouth.
ya-hda'-hda, v. a. to uncoil, as a dog does en-
trails, ^oith the mouth.
ya-hda'-he-ya, adv. yahdaheya ia, to set in

order ; to lay open, explain.
ya-hda'-ka, v. a. to bite off and make toothed or

notched, as a beaver does, — mdahdaka.
ya-h.da'-kir)-yai), v. a. to go across in one's

speech, to contradict oneself, to tell what is false,

— mdakdakiqyai).
ya-hda'-pi-se, adv. fluently, plainly : yahdapise

oyaka.
ya-hdo'-k£L, v. a. to put out of place by means

of the teeth, — mdahdoka.
ya-hin', cont. of yahiqta ; yahin iyeya, to eat all

up.
ya-hir)'-ta, v. a. to brush away with the mouth,

to eat all up, — mdahiijta.
ya-hmi', v. a. to clear off, to bite off, as grass, etc.
ya-hmi'-ea, v. to catch by the hair in the mouth.
ya-hmi'-hma, v. a. to roll with the mouth, —

mdahmihma.
ya-hmi '-pi-se, adv. rounded off, as a bunch of

grass or weeds whose tops have been bitten off.
ya-hmi'-yarj-yai), v. a. to make round in the

mouth, as bullets, — mdahmiyaijyai).
ya-hna', v. a. to shake off, as fruit, with the

mouth, — mdahna.
ya-hna'-yar), v. a. to miss with the mouth, as in

attempting to catch in it ; to miss with the

mouth, tell a falsehood, — mdahnayaq : also 2d

pere. sing, of hnayai).
ya-hnu'-ni, v. a. to cause to wander in mind by

talking to, to confuse, — mdahnuni.
ya-ho'-ho, v. a. to shake or make loose with the

mouth, — mdahoho.
ya-ho'-ho-ya. adv. shaking with the mouth.
ya-ho'-mni, v. a. to turn one round by argu-
ment, to make one change his views, to convert,

— mdaliomni, mayahomni.
ya-ho'-ta, v. to draw in with the breath, to inhale,

as cold air, dust, etc., — mdahota : sni dahota, thou

hast taken cold.

YAH

256

YAI

ya-ho'-tor), v. a. to bite and make cry out, — mda-

hotoi).
ya-hu'-hus, cont. of yahuhuza : yahuhus iyeya.
ya-hu'-hu-za, v. a. to shake with the mouth ; to

shake one's resolution by talking to, — mdahuhuza.
ya-hu'-te-dar), v. a. to bite off short, to wear off

to a stump, as the teeth, — mdahutedai).
ya-ha'-Bia, v. a. to tangle with the teeth, — mda-

haha.
ya-Ra'-kpa, v. a. to bite and make rough, — mda-

hakpa.
ya-Ram', cont. of yahapa ; yaham iyeya, to scare

away, as game, by talking.
ya-harj'-hi-ya, adv. of liai)hi ; making slow by

talking to.
ya-liar)'-i-te-ya, adv. making weary by talking

to.
ya-ha'-pa, v. to frighten or scare up, as game,

by talking, — mdahapa.
ya-ha'-tpa, v. a. to make rough with the teeth, —

mdahatpa,
ya-l^ba', v. a. to make sleepy by talking to, —

mdahba.
ya-lici', v. a. to tear out a little piece with the

teeth, — mdahci.
ya-fiei'-Rei, v. red. of yahdi.
ya-hda', v. a. to make rattle with the mouth, —

mdahda.
ya-hda'-gar), v. a. to enlarge with the mouth.
ya-hda'-hda, v. red. of yalida.
ya-hdan', cont. of yahdata ; yaidan ia, to speak

as one does who is starving to death.
ya-Rda'-ta, v. to speak as one dying of hunger is

said to speak, — radahdata.
ya-hda'-ya, v. a. to bite or peel off the skin or

rind of any thing with the teeth ; to tell a lie, —

mdahdaya, dahdaya.
ya-hde'-ea, v. a. to tear with the mouth, to bite

to pieces, — mdahdeca, iiqyahdec'api.
ya-hde'-Rde-ea, v. red. of yahdeca.
ya-hden', cont. of yahdeca : yahden iyeya.
ya-hdog', cont. of yaldoka : yahdog iyeya.
ya-hdo'-hdo-ka, v. red. of yahdoka ; to bite and

tear, as dogs do, — mdahdohdoka.
ya-Rdo'-ka, v. a. to bite a hole in, to bite open,

to make an impression on with the teeth, — mda-

hdoka, dahdoka, uijyaldokapi.
ya-hem', cont. of yahepa ; yahem iyeya, to drink

up at once.
ya-Rem'-Re-pa, v. red. of yahepa.
ya-Re'-pa, v. a. to drink up, as water, etc., —

mdahepa, dahepa, ui)yahepapi.
ya-Re'-yan, cont. of yaheyata : yalicyan iyeya.
ya-Re'-ya-ta, v. to put aside ivith the mouth or

in speaking, to reject, — mdahoyata, mayaheyata.

ya-Rl'-ea, v. a. to waken one up with the mouth

or by talking, — mdahica.
ya-Rin', cont. of yahica : yahin iyeya.
ya-Ri'-ya-ya, v. to be awkward with the mouth,

as in speaking or making a bullet round in the

mouth, — mdahiyaya.
ya-Rmir)', v. a. to crook or turn aside with the

mouth ; to distort, — mdahmii).
ya-Rmir) '-yar), adv. turning aside with the

mouth : yahmiijyai) ehnaka.
ya-Rmui)', v. to make a humming or rattling

noise with the mouth : yahmui) se yutapi.
ya-Rpa', v. a. to throw any thing down with the

mouth, — mdahpa.
ya-Rpa'-Rpa, v. red. of yahpa.
ya-Rpar)', v. a. to moisten or soak in the mouth,

— mdahpaij.
ya-Rpar)'-Rpar), v. red.oi yaBipai) ; to make soft

with the mouth, as a quill or takai), — mdahpaq-

hpai).
ya-Rpe'-ya, v. a. to cause to throw doion with

the mouth, — yahpewaya.
ya-Rpu', v. a. to bite off, as any thing sticking

on, bite off in small pieces, as gum, — mdahpu.
ya-Rpu'-Rpu, v. red. of yahpu.
ya-Rtag', cont. of yahtaka ; yahtag iyeya.
ya-Rtag'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to bite anything,

— yahtagwakiya.
ya-Rtag'-ya, v. a. to cause to bite, — yaltagwaya.
ya-Rtag'-ya, adv. biting.
ya-Rta'-ka, v. a. to bite, to take hold ofroith the

teeth, — mdahtaka, dahtaka, uijyahtakapi.
ya-Ru', V. a. to peel off, as the hull or rind, with

the teeth, — mdaiu.
ya-Ru'-ga, v. a. to bite into ; to crush with the

teeth, — mdahuga.
ya-RuR', cont. of yaluga : yahuh iyeya.
ya-RuR'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to crush or bite

into, — yahuhwakiya.
ya-Ru'-Rna-ga, v. a. to speak evil of, to destroy

one's character, as if burnt up, — nidahuhnaga.
ya-Ru'-Ru-ga, v. red. of yahuga.
y a-RuR'-y a, v. a. to cause to crush with the teeth,

— yahuhwaya.
ya-Rur)'-Rur)-ta, v. red. of yaiuijta.
ya-Rur)'-ta, v. a. to draw through the mouth and

make pliable, as sinew for sewing and bark for

tying, — mdahui)ta.
ya-i'-de, v. a. to make blaze by blowing with the

mouth, — mdaide.
ya-i'-Ra, v. of iha ; to make laugh by talking to,

— mdaiha.
ya-i'-na-Rni, v. a. to make hasten by speaking

to, — mdainalini.
ya-i'-na-Rni-ya, adv. hastening by speaking to.

YAI

257

YAK

ya-i'-nin, cont. of yainina ; yainin ehpeya, yainin

iyeya, and yainin ya, to put to silence by argu-
ment.
ya-i'-ni-na, v. a. to put to silence by speaking to,

— mdainina.
ya-i'-ste-ea, v. a. to make ashamed by speaking

to, — mdaisteca.
ya-i'-sten-ya, adv. making ashamed by speak-
ing to.
ya-i'-tpi-ska-e-lipe-ya, v, to make turn over

on the back, as a dog, by speaking to or biting.
ya-i'-yog, cont. of yaiyoka ; yaiyog iyeya, to put

aside with the mouth, reject.
ya-l'-yo-ka, v. a. to put aside, reject, — mdai-

yoka.
ya-i'-yo-'wa, v. a. to make yawn by speaking, —

mdaiyowa.
ya-i'-yo-"was, cont. of yaiyowaza ; yaiyowas

iyeya.
ya-i'-yo-"was, cont. of yaiyowaia : yaiyowas ie

^ni, he does not speak to the point.
ya-i'-yo-"wa-za, v. a. to make echo by speaking,

— radaiyowaza.
ya-i'-yo-"wa-za, n. an echo.
ya-i'-yo-'wa-za, v. a. to speak of as near, to

speak to the point. See yaiyowaia^ni.
ya-i'-yo-'wa-za-sni, v, a. not to speak to the

point, — mdaiyowaiasni.
ya-i'-yo-yag, cont. of yaiyoyaka ; yaiyoyag iyeya.
y a-i'-yo-ya-ka, v. a. to make sad by speaking to.
ya-ka', v. a. to split with the mouth, as the feather

end of a quill, — mdaka.
ya-ka'-ka, v. a. to champ, as a horse his bit.
ya-ka'-kis-ya, adv. making suffer by scolding :

yakakisya ia.
ya-ka'-ki-za, v. a. to make suffer by scolding or

biting, — mdakakiia.
ya-kam', cont. of yakapa ; yakam iyeya.
ya-ka'-pa, v. a. to catch in the mouth any thing

that is tossed, — mdakapa.
ya-ka'-tir), v. a. to straighten or bend out straight

with the mouth, — mdakatii).
y a-ka'-"wa, v. a. to open or push bach any thing

with the mouth, — mdakawa.
ya-kea', v. a. to untie with the mouth, disen-
tangle,— mdakca, uijyakeapi.
ya-ki'-kl-ta, v. a. to make limber or pliable by

biting, as in making moccasins, — mdakikita.
ya-klr)s', cont. of yakiijza ; yakiijs iyeya.
ya-kir)s'-klr)-za, v. red. of yakigza.
ya-kir)'-za, v. a. to mxike a grating or creaking

noise with the teeth, to gnash, — mdakiijza.
ya-kl'-pe-har), v. a. to double or fold up with

the mouth, so as to make the ends meet, — mdaki-

pehai).

33

ya-ki'-pu-ski-ca, v. a. to press close together

with the mouth, — mdakipuskica.
ya-ki'-pu-skln-ya, adv. putting close together.
ya-kog', cont. of yakoka ; yakog iyeya.
ya-ko'-ka, v. a. to rattle with the teeth, chatter,

gnash, — mdakoka.
ya-ko'-ke-dai), v. a. to make active by talking

to, — mdakokedai) .
ya-ko'-ki-pa, v. a. to make afraid by talking to,

— mdakokipa.
ya-ko'-kog, cont. of yakokoka.
ya-ko'-kog-ya, v. a. to cause to make a chatter-
ing with the teeth, — yakokogwaya.
ya-ko'-kog-ya, adv. chattering.
ya-ko'-ko-ka, v. a. to rattle the teeth, chatter,

gnash, — mdakokoka.
ya-kor)'-pi, v. pi. they are, — uijyakogpi, daka-

noijpi. Perhaps the singular may be yagka.
ya-koi)'-pi-s'a, n. inhabitants.
ya-ko'-pe-hda, v. a. to make one afraid by talk-
ing to, — mdakopehda.
ya-ko'-ya-liai)-na, v. a. to make hasten by talk-
ing to, — mdakoyahaqna.
ya-kpa', v. a. to bite out, bite through, — mda-

kpa : ista yakpa, to bite out the eye, make blind.
ya-kpa'-kpa, v. red. of yakpa.
ya-kpar)', v. a. to chew fine, masticate, — mda^

kpai), dakpag, uijyakpaijpi.
ya-kpar) '-kpaij, v. red. of yakpai).
ya-kpar) '-yar), adv. chewing fine.
ya-kpi', v. a. to crack with the teeth, as lice, etc.,

— mdakpi.
ya-kpi'-kpi, v. red. of yakpi.
ya-kpu'-kpa, v. a. to bite in small pieces, to

crumble up with the teeth, — mdakpukpa.
ya-ksa', v. a. to bite off, as a stick, — ^mdaksa,

daksa, uijyaksapi.
ya-ksa'-ksa, v. red. of yaksa ; to bite off often,

— mdaksaksa.
ya-ksa'-pa, v. a. to make wise by talking to, —

mdaksapa : also 2d pers. sing, of ksapa.
ya-ksa'-ya, v. a. to cause to bite of, — yaksa-

waya.
ya-ksa'-ya, adv. biting off.
ya-ksa', v. a. to bend up with the mouth, — mda-

ksa.
ya-ksa'-dar), v. a. Same as yaksa.
ya-ksa'-ksa, v. red. of yaksa.
ya-ksai)', v. a. to bend with the mouth, — mda-

k^ar).
ya-ksar)'-ksar), v. red. of yaksai) ; to bend or

curl up.
ya-ksi'-ksi-za, v. red. of yak^iia.
ya-ksis', cont. of yaksiia ; yak^id iyeya.
ya-ksi'-za, v. a. to double up with the teeth.

YAK

258

YAO

ya-ktai)', v. a. to bend with the mouth, — mda-

ktai).
ya-ktar)'-ktar), v. red. of yaktai) ; to bend in

several places with the mouth.
ya-ktai)'-yai), v. a. to cause to bend with the

mou th, — y aktag waya.
ya-ktar)'-yar), adv. bending with the mouth.
ya-ku'-ka, v. a. to destroy with the teeth, bite to

pieces, — mdakuka.
ya-kui)'-tkur)-ta, v. a. to bite notches in, —

mdakuijtkuijta.
ya-ke'-ga, v. a. to make a grating noise with the

teeth, to gnaw, — mda^ega.
ya-keli', cont. of ya^ega ; ya!^eh iyeya.
ya-ke&'-ke-ga, v. red. of yai^ega.
ya-kes', cont. of yajceza ; ya^es iyeya.
ya-kes'-ke-za, v. red. of ya^^eza.
ya-ke'-za, v. a. to make smooth with the teeth,

— mdakeza.
ya-ko'-ga, v. a. to bite or gnaw off, as some-
thing hard, — mda^oga.
ya-koh', cont. of ya^oga ; ya^oh iyeya.
ya-koh'-ko-ga, v. red. of ya^oga.
ya-kos', cont. of yakoza ; yakos iyeya.
ya-kos'-ko-za, v. red. of yakoza.
ya-ko'-za, v. a. to make smooth with the mouth ;

to eat all off smooth, as grass, — mda^oza.
ya-ma', v. a. to gnaw, — mdama.
ya-ma'-hen-i-ye-ya, v. a. to push into with

the mouth.
ya-mdas', cont. of yamdaza ; yamdas iyeya.
ya-mda'-ska, v. a. to flatten with the mouth, —

mdamdaska.
ya-mda'-ya, v. a. to make level with the teeth, —

mdamdaya.
ya-mda'-za, v. a. to tear open with the teeth, —

mdamdaza.
ya-mde'-ea, v. a. to break or crush with the

teeth, — mdamdeca.
ya-mde'-mde-ea, v. red. of yamdec'a.
ya-mde'-mde-za, v. red. of yamdeza.
ya-mden', cont. of yamdeca; yamden iyeya.
ya-mdes'-ya, adv. cheeringly : yamdesya ia, to

speak cheeringly.
ya-mde'-za, v. a. to make sober by talking to ;

to enlighten, cheer, — mdamdeza.
ya-mdu', v. a. to make fine by chewing, — mda-

mdu.
ya-mdu'-mdu, v. red. of yamdu.
ya-mi'-ma, v. a. to make round, as a wheel, with

the mouth, — mdamima.
ya-nina', v. a. to acquire by talking, or in any

way with the mouth, to gain, — mdamna.
ya-mna'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to gain by talking,

— yamnawakiya.

ya-mna'-yar), v. a. to cause to gain with the

mouth, — yamnawaya.
ya'-mni, num. adj. three.
ya-mni', v. 2d pers. sing, of mni.
ya-mni'-ga, v. a. to make shrink by biting, —

mdamniga.
ya'-mnl-ki-ya, adv. in three different ways.
ya'-mni-mni, adv. by threes, three each.
ya'-mni-na, adv. only three.
ya-mnl'-za-ka, v. a. to speak of any thing at

if it were a rock, — mdamniiaka.
ya-mnu'-mnu-ga, v. a. to crunch, crush, grind,

champ, or make a noise with the teeth, as in eat-
ing ; to gnaw, as a dog a bone, etc., — mdamnu-

mnuga.
ya-mnu'-mnu-ga-pi, n. the hackberry tree ; so

called because animals crunch its berries ; the

Celtis crassifolia.
yan, cont. of yata ; as, cazeyata, caieyan, in the

name of.
ya-na'-ke-ya, v. a. to turn aside with the

mouth ; to give a one-sided account of any

thing, — md anakey a.
ya-na'-zlQ, v. a. to cause to stand by speaking, —

mdanazii).
ya-nmi'-nina, v. a. to roll with the mouth, —

mdanminma.
yai), an adverbial or participial termination.
yaQ, or ya, v. a causative suffix to verbs.
yar)-ka', v. n. to be, exist, having reference to

place, — maijka, nai)kd, u^jvA^kapi. Perhaps

also yakoi)pi, ui)yakor)pi, etc., belong to this word.
yar)'-ka, v. a. to weave, as snow-shoes, or as in

basket-making, — mnaijka, naijka, uijyaijkapi.
ya-o'-ci-kpa-ni, v. See yaoc'itpani.
ya-o'-ei-pte-ca, v. a. to count less, make leas,

under-eslimate, — mdaoc'iptec'a.
ya-o'-ei-pten, cont. of yaociptec'a.
ya-o'-ei-pten-ya, adv. speaking of as less or

unequal.
ya-o'-ci-pte-tu, v. a. to count less, — mdaoci-

ptetu.
ya-o'-6i-pte-tu-ya, adv. speaking of as less.
ya-o'-ei-pte-tu-ya-ken, adv. speaking of as

unequal.
ya-o'-ci-tpa-ni, v. a. to make unequal with the

mouth, — mdaocitpani, daocitpani.
ya-o'-hda-psir), v. yaohdapsig ehpeya, to turn

over with the mouth.
ya-o'-hda-psir)-yai), adv. turning over with the

mouth : yaohdapsiqya;) iyeya.
ya-o'-hmus, adv. yaohmus se ia, to talk with

the mouth full.
ya-o'-iiar)-ko, v. a. to hasten one by speaking to,

— mdaohaqko.

YAO

259

YAS

ya-o'-Rmir), v. yaolmiij iyeya, to say any thing

sideways, to speak so as to hit one obliquely ; to

hint, insinuate.
ya-o'-h.pa, v. a. to bite into, — mdaohpa.
ya-cSMci-ni-hai), v. a. to honor with the mouth,

to praise, — mdaokinihai).
ya-o'-ksa, v. to bite through, — mdaoksa, daoksa.
ya-o'-ksa-ksa, v. red. of yaoksa.
ya-o'-ktar), v. a. to bend into with the mouth.
ya-o'-ktar)-yar), adv. bending with the mouth.
ya-o'-ni-har), v. a. to praise, honor, — mdaoni-

hai).
ya-o'-ni-har)-yar), adv. praising.
ya-o'-po, V. a. to compress by biting, — mdaopo.
ya-o'-ta, v. a. to speak of as many, to multiply,

— mdaota, daota, uiiyaotapi.
ya-o'-tai)-ir), v. a. to make manifest, proclaim, —

mdaotai)ii), uijyaotaijiijpi.
ya-o'-tai)-ir)-yai), adv. declaring.
ya-o'-tir)S, cont. of yaotiqza ; yaot.ii)s iyeya.
ya-o'-tir)-za, v. a. to press in tight with the

mou th, — mdaotii) za.
ya-pa', v. a. to take in the mouth, as a pipe in

smoking ; to hold in the mouth, as a dog does a

bone ; to bite, — mdapa.
ya-pa'-ko, v. to bend or twist toith the mouth.
ya-par)'-par)-na, v. a. to maki soft with the

mouth, — mdapar) pai) na.
ya-pe', v. a. to bite sharp : yape ^ni, to make

dull, as the teeth, by biting, — mdape^ni.
ya-pe'-har), v. a. to fold up with the teeth, —

mdapehai).
ya-pe'-mni, v. a. to twist, turn, or make crooked

with the mouth, — mdapemni, dapemni.
ya-pe'-mni-yar), adv. twisting with the teeth.
ya-pe'-sto, v. a. to make sharp-pointed with

the teeth, — mdapesto.
ya-pi', V. a. to declare good, — ^mdapi, dapi.
ya'-pi, V. pi. of ya ; they go.
ya-pii)'-za, v. a. to make squeak with the mouth,

— mdapiqza.
ya-plr)'-za, v. a. to pull out long hairs from a

skin with the teeth, — mdapiijia.
y a-pom', cont. of yapopa ; yapom iyeya.
ya-pon', cont. of yapota ; yapon iyeya.
ya-po'-pa, v. a. to make pop, as in blowing a

leaf, — mdapopa.
ya-po'-ta, v. a. to tear in pieces with the mouth,

— mdapota, dapota, uriyapotapi.
ya-pot'-po-ta, or yaponpota, v. red. of yapota.
ya-po'-Ava-ya, v. a. to blow up or make rough,

as nap or fur, — mdapowaya.
ya-psag', cont. of yapsaka ; yapsag iyeya.
ya-psag'-ya, v. a. to cause to bite off, — yapsag-

waya.

ya-psag'-ya, adv. biting off, as cords.
ya-psa'-ka, v. a. to bite off, as, a, cord or string,

— mdapsaka, ui^yapsakapi.
ya-psa'-psa-ka, v. red. of yapsaka.
ya-psi'-ca, v. a. to cause to skip or jump by bit-
ing,— mdapsica.
ya-psin', cont. of yapsica ; yapsin iyeya.
ya-psOQ', V. a. to turn over and spill with the

mouth, — mdapsoi).
ya-psor)'-psoi), v. red. of yapsoi).
ya-psur)', v. a. Same as yapsoi).
ya-psur)', v. a. to cast or shed, as teeth ; to pull

out by the roots with the mouth, — mdap^ui).
y a-pta', v. a. to bite off around, — mdapta, dapta.
ya-ptai)'-yar|, v. a. to turn over with the mouth,

— mdaptaijyai).
ya-pte'-ce-dar), v. a. to bite off short, to shorten

with the mouth, — mdaptec'edai).
ya-ptu'-ptu-za, v. red. of yuptuia.
ya-ptus', cont. of yaptuia ; yaptu^ iyeya.
ya-ptus'-ya, v. a. to cause to crack with the

mouth, — yaptuswaya.
ya-ptu'-za, v. a. to crack or split with the

mou th, — mdaptuia.
ya-po', V. to make steam with the mouth, as in

breathing in cold air, — mdapo.
ya-s'a', v. a. to make a ringing or roaring noise

in speaking, — mdas'a ; noge omayas'a.
ya-sar)', v. a. to whiten with the mouth, — mda-

saq.
ya-sai)'-ka, v. See yasai).
ya-sba', v. a. to pick in pieces vtith the teeth, —

mdasba.
ya-sTja'-sTja, v. red. of yasba.
ya-sbu', v. yasbu se yuta, to eat in little pieces or

strings.
ya-sda', v. a. to grease with the mouth, as a dog

does any thing.
ya-sde'-ca, v. a. to split with the teeth, — mda*

sdec'a.
ya-sden', cont. of yasdeda ; yasden iyeya.
ya-sde'-sde-ca, v. red. of yasdeca.
ya-sdi', v. a. to bite and press out, as grease from

a bag, — mdasdi.
ya-sdi'-tka, v. a. to make knobbed or tapering

with the teeth, — mdasditka.
ya-sdo'-hai). v. a. to drag along with the mouth,

— mdasdohar), dasdohai).
ya-sdo'-hag-hai), v. red. of yasdohaij.
ya-sdun', cont. of yasduta : yasdun iyeya ; ya-

sdun icu, to pull out with the teeth.
ya-sdu'-ta, v. a. to pull out with the mouth.
ya-ska', v. a. to make clean, to suck off, as the

women put ' pahii) ' into their mouths to prepare

them for working, — mdaska.

YAS

260

YAS

ya-ska'-pa, v. a. to make a sucking noise with

the mouth, to press the mouth on and suddenly

withdraw it, — mdaskapa.
ya-skem', cont. of yaskepa ; yaskem iyeya.
ya-ske'-pa, v. a. to drink up, — mdaskepa, da-

skepa.
ya-ski'-6a, v. a. to press with the mouth, to su^k

or lick, as bones, — mdaskica.
ya-skin', cont. of yaskica ; yaskin iyeya.
ya-ski'-ski-ta, v. a. to bite and maJce soft, as a

hard string, — mdaskiskita.
y a-sku', v. a. to bite off or peel off with the teeth,

as the skin from an apple or corn from the cob,

— mdasku.
ya-sku'-sku, v. red. of yasku.
ya-smag', cont. of yasmaka ; yasmag iyeya.
ya-smag'-sma-ka, v. red. of yasmaka.
ya-sma'-ka, v. a. to make a hollow place with

the teeth, indent, — mdasmaka.
ya-smir)', v. a. to bite off, as meat from a bone ;

to make bare with the mouth, — mdasmii).
ya-smir) '-ki-y a, v. a. to cause to make bare with

the teeth, — yasmiijwakiya.
ya-smir) '-smir), v. red. of yasmir).
ya-smir) '-y ai), v. a. to cause to make bare with

the teeth, — yasmiijwaya.
ya-smir)'-yai)-yar), v. a. to make bare with the

mouth ; to eat off close and smooth.
ya-sna', v. a. to cause to ring with the mouth ;

to ravel with the teeth, — mdasna.
ya-sni', v. a. to blow, cool by blowing, — mdasni.
ya-son', cont. of yasota ; yason iyeya.
ya-son'-ya, adv. eating up.
ya-so'-ta, v. a. to use up words, finish speaking ;

to use up with the mouth, eat all up, — mdasota,

dasota, ui)yasotapi.
ya-spa'-ya, v. a. to wet with the mouth, — mda-

ya-star)'-ka, v. a. to moisten with the mouth, —

mdastaqka.
ya-star)'-ka-sni, v. n. to lie, tell a lie, — mda-

staijka^ni.
ya-sto', V. a. to lick smooth, as hair, — mdasto.
ya-sto'-sto, v. red. of yasto.
ya-su', V. a. to make right by speaking, to judge.
ya-suk'-su-ta, v. red. of yasuta.
ya-su'-ta, v. a. to make firm with the mouth, to

establish, — radasuta, dasuta.
ya-su'-ya, adv. rightly : yasuya oyaka, to tell

rightly.
yas-y a'-zar), v. red. of yazaij ; to be lame or sick

all over, as from hard labor, — mayasyazai).
ya-s'a'-ka, v, a. to make no impression with the

mouth ; i, q, yahdoke ^ni, — mdas'aka : ia ya-

i'aksi.

ya-sam', cont. of ya^apa ; yaiam iyeya.
ya-sa'-pa, v. a. to soil with the mouth, — mda-

^apa.
ya-sda', v. a. to bite or graze off, make bare, —

mdasda.
ya-sda'-sda, v. red. of ya^da.
ya-sda'-ya, adv. grazing off.
ya-sda'-ye-hna. See yaasdayehna.
ya-sdog', cont. of yasdoka ; ya^dog iyeya.
ya-sdog'-ya, adv. pulling out with the teeth.
ya-sdo'-i-a, v. to speak with much saliva in the

moulh, — yasdoiwaa.
ya-sdo'-ka, v. a. to pull out with the teeth, as a

cork ; to bite out, as an eye, — mdasdoka.
ya-sdun', cont. of ya^duta ; yasdun iyeya.
ya-sdu'-sdu-ta, v. a. to make slippery with the

mouth, — mdasdusduta. •

ya-sdu'-ta, v. a. to let slip from the mouth ; to

have the teeth slip off from any thing, — mdaMu-

ta.
ya-si'-ea, v. a. • to make bad with the mouth ; to

speak evil of, curse, — mda^ic'a, maya^ic'a.
ya-si'-hda, v. a. to insult by talking to, — mda-

sihda.
ya-si'-Mir), v. a. to make feeble by biting, etc.,

— mdasihtii).
ya-sim', core<.,of yasipa ; ya^im iyeya.
ya-sim'-si-pa, v. red. of yasipa.
ya-sir)'-sig, v. Said of copulating, — mda^iij^ii).
ya-si'-pa, v. a, to bite off close, as an animal the

branches or twigs of a tree, — mda^ipa.
ya-ska', v. a. to untie with the mouth, — mdaika.
ya-skai)'-skaQ, v. a. to make move about by

talking to, — mda^kaq^ka^.
ya-ski'-ca, v. a. to press with the teeth or mouth,

— mdaskica : caijdi yaskica, to chew tobacco.

Perhaps yaskica may sometimes be so used.
ya-skin', cont. of yaskica; caijdi yaskin uq.
ya-ski'-ska, v. a. to make rough with the mouth ;

to disarrange by talking to, raise objections ; to

make difficulty, — mdaskiska.
ya-sko'-kpa, v. a. to bite out and make concave,

— mda^kokpa.
ya-skom', cont. of yaskopa ; ya^kom iyeya.
ya-sko'-pa, v. a. to make crooked or twisting

with the mouth, — mdaskopa.
ya-sko'-sko-pa, v. red. of yaskopa.
ya-sko'-tpa, v. a. to hollow out with the mouth,

— mdaskotpa.
ya-sna', v. a. to miss or let slip, as in taking any

thing into the mouth ; to blunder in speaking or

reading, — mdasna, uiiyasnapi.
ya-sna'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to miss with the

mouth, — ya^nawakiya.
ya-sna'-sna, v. red. of yasna ; to stammer.

YAS

261

YAT

ya-sna'-ya, v. a. to cause to miss with the mouth,

to make stammer, — yasnawaya.
ya-sna'-yar), adv. mistaking, blundering with

the mouth.
ya-snis', cont. of yainiia ; yasnii iyeya.
ya-sni'-sni-za, v. red. of ya^niza.
ya-sni'-za, v. a. to make wither by biting, — mda-

^niza.
ya-spa', v. a. to bite off a piece, — mda^pa, da^pa,

uijya^papi.
ya-spa'-pi, part, bitten off: said of the moon

when it has commenced waning.
ya-spa'-spa, v. red. of ya^pa. -
ya-spe'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to bite off a piece, —

yaspewakiya.
ya-spe'-ya, v. a. to cause to bite a piece off, — ya-
• 4pewaya.

ya-spi', V. a. to pick off, as birds do berries.
ya-spu', V. a. to bite off any thing stuck on, —

mdaspu.
ya-spu'-spu, v. red. of yaipu ; to bite in pieces,

as ice or gum, — mdaspuspu.
ya-spu'-ya, v. to bite, as lice do, make itch ;

hence, to itch, — mdaspuya.
ya-stai)', v. a. to finish speaking or eating, —

mdastai), da^tap, uijya^taijpi.
ya-sus', cont. of yasuza ; yasus iyeya.
ya-su'-su-za, v. red. of ya^uia.
ya-su'-za, v. a. to crush, as a dog does bones, to

bite or mash up, — mda^uia.
y a'-ta, /)rep. incomp. at, by, to ; as in caijyata.
ya'-ta, v. 2d pers. sing, of yuta.
ya'-ta, v. to speak, utter, as in caieyata and wi-

casta-yatapi.
ya-ta', v. a. to chew ; to try by the taste, — mdata.
ya-ta'-kii), v. a. to make leaning with the mouth,

as a dog in trying to pull down a stick.
ya-ta'-kir)-yar), adv. making leaning with the

mouth.
ya-ta'-ku, v. a. to make something of in relating,

make up a story about, — mdataku.
y a-ta'-ku-ka, v. a. to make something of nothing

in narration, over-estimate, — mdatakuka.
ya-ta'-ku-nl-sni, v. a. to eat up, destroy with
the mouth ; to speak contemptuously of, — mdata-
kuni^ni.
ya-ta'-ku-ni-sni-yar), adv. destroying with the

mouth.
y a-ta'-ku-sni, v. a. to speak of as being of no

value, depreciate, — mdataku^ni. See yataku.
ya-ta'-ku-ya, adv. speaking of as if it were

something : yatakuya omdaka.
ya-tai)', v. a. to speak well of, praise, — mdatai).
ya-t'£ir)', v. a. to touch with the mouth, to pull, as
in sucking, — mdat'aq, uijyat'aqpi.

ya-tar)'-ii), v. a. to declare any thing, make

manifest, — mdataq ix) .
ya-tar)'-ii)-yar), adv. manifestly.
ya-tar)'-ka, v. a. to speak of as large, — mda-

taijka.
ya-tarj'-ni, v. a. to wear out or make old with

the mouth, — mdataijni.
ya-tar)'-yai), adv. praising.
ya-te'-hai), v. a. to speak long, to be long finish-
ing ; to speak of as long or as far in the future,

— mdatehai).
ya-te'-har)-har), v. red. of yatehai).
ya-te'-M-ka, v. a. to make difficult with the

mouth, speak of as difficult, — mdatehika.
ya-tem', cont. of yatepa ; yatem iyeya.
ya-te'-pa, v. a. to bite off short, wear off, as

the teeth, — mdatepa, ui)yatepapi.
ya-ti'-6a, v. a. to scrape away with the mouth,

as snow.
ya-tin', cont. of yatida ; yatin iyeya.
ya-ti'-tai), v. a. to pull with the mouth or teeth,

— mdatitai).
ya-ti'-tai)-yai), adv. pulling with the teeth.
ya-ti'-tar)-yar), v. a. to cause to pull with the

teeth, — yatitaijwaya.
ya-tkar)', v. a. to drink, — mdatkai), datkai).
ya-tkar)'-yar), adv. drinking.
ya-tka'-pa, v. a. to eat, as something that is

viscid or sticks in the mouth, — mdatkapa.
ya-tke'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to drink, — yatke-

wakiya, yatkemakiya.
ya-tku'-ga, v. a. to bite or pull and break with

the mouth, — mdatkuga.
ya-tkur)s', cont. of yatkugza ; yatkuijs iyeya.
ya-tkur)'-tkur)-ta, v. See yakui)tkui)ta.
ya-tkur)'-za, V. a. to bite off even, — mdatkuijza.
ya-tku'-tku-ga, v. red. of yatkuga.
ya-tog'-ye, adv. yatogye oyaka, to relate a thing

differently.
ya-to'-kar), v. a. to put in another place with
the mouth, speak of as being in another place, —

mdatokaiO-
ya-to'-ke-ea, v. a. to alter with the mouth, to

speak of as different, — mdatokec'a.
ya-to'-na-na, v. a. to speak of as few, — mdato-

nana.
ya-to'-to, V. a. to eat up, as a horse does grass :

yatoto ehpeya.
ya-tpa', v. a. to bite through : noge yatpa, to

make deaf by talking to, — mdatpa.
ya-tpai)', v. a. to chew fine, masticate, — mda-

tpai).
ya-tpar)'-tpar), v. red. of yatpaij.
ya-tpi', V. a. to crack with the teeth, as lice or

nuts, — mdatpi.

YAT

262

YAZ

ya-tpi'-tpi, v. red. of yatpi.

ya-tpu'-tpa, v. a. to bite in pieces, to crumble up

with the teeth, — mdatputpa. See yakpukpa.
ya-tu'-ka, v. a. to nibble off, spoil, as mice do

furs.
ya-tu'-tka, v. a. to bite into little pieces, — ^mda-

tutka.
ya-ta', v. a. to bite to death, — mdata.
ya-ta'-ga, v. a. to make rough by biting, — mda-

taga.
ya-tir)s', cont. of yatiijza; yatiijs iyeya.
ya-tir)'-sa, adv. firmly ; yatiijsa oyaka, to relate

firmly or with authority.
ya-tir)'-sa-sa, red. of yatigsa.
ya-tir)s'-ya, adv. firmly.
ya-til)'-za, v. a. to make firm with the mouth,

to affirm, — mdatiijza : c'aqte yatiijza, to strengthen

one's heart, encourage one.
ya.-'vra.', v. a. to count, say over; to read, —

— mdawa, dawa, uijyawapi.
ya-"wa'-eii5-hir)-yar)-za, v. a. to make cross or

surly by talking to.
ya-vra'-eirj-tor), v. a. to make intelligent, to in-
struct,— mdawacii) toi) .
ya-"wa'-hl)a-dar), v. a. to make gentle by talking

to, to soothe, — mdawatbadai).
ya-Awa'-hba-ka, v. a. to make gentle, pacify by

talking kindly, — mdawalibaka.
ya-vra'-Me-sni, v. a. to speak contemptuously

of, — mdawalte^ni.
ya-'wa'-kag, v. a. to consider supernatural or

wakai) , — mda wakai) .
ya-"wa'-m-stir)-na, v. a. to count as little or

few, — mdawanistii) na.
ya-vraqg', cont. of yawaqka ; yawaijg iyeya.
ya-"war)'-ka, v. a. to throw down with the mouth,

as beavers do trees, or as a dog does a deer ; to

defeat in debate, — mdawaijka.
ya-"war)'-kan, v. yawaijkan iyeya and yawaij-

kan io'u, to raise or elevate the voice.
ya-"sva'-s'ag, cont. of yawa^'aka.
ya-'wa'-s'ag-ya, adv. in a strengthening man-
ner.
ya-"wa'-s'a-ka, v. a. to strengthen by talking to,

to speak of as strong, — mdawas'aka.
ya-"wa'-sa-ka, v. Same as yawa^akadai).
ya-"wa'-sa-ka-dai), v. a. to count cheap or easy,

to underrate, — mdawasakadai).
ya-"wa'-s'a-ke-sni, v. a. to make weak by talking

to, — mdawas'ake^ni.
ya-"wa'-ste, v. a. to call good, to bless, — mdawa-

ste, dawaste, uijyawastepi.
ya-Ave'-ga, v. a. to break, as a stick, with the

mouth, but not entirely off, — mdawega.
ya-'weh', cont. of yawega ; yawefi iyeya.

ya-"weli'-"we-ga, v. red. of yawega.
ya-"weh'-ya, v. a. to cause to break with the

mouth, — yawelwaya.
ya-vri'-ca, v. a. to call a man, to call brave, —

mdawic'a.
ya-'wl'-ea-ka, v. to speak of as true ; to affirm

to be true, — mdawidaka.
ya-"wl'-ea-sta, v. a. to call a man, — mdawica-

^ta.
ya-wi'-ca-sta-sni, v. a. to call bad ; to make

bad by talking to, corrupt, — mdawica^ta^ni.
ya-Avl'-hnu-iii, v. a. to destroy with the mouth.
ya-'wi'-no-Mi)-ea, v, to call a woman, to speak

to as to a woman.
ya-'wirj'-ga, v. a. to bite or pull round with the

teeth, as in making moccasins, — mdawiqga.
ya-vrigh.', cont. of yawiijga ; yawiijh iyeya.
ya-'wir)h'-'wir)-ga, v. red. of yawiijga.
ya-'wirjs', cont. of yawiijia ; yawiiji^ iyeya.
ya-'wir)s'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to bend down

with the mouth, — yawi^^wakiya.
ya-"wir)s'-"wii)-za, v. red. of yawii)ia.
ya-vnrj'-za, v. a. to bend down with the mouth,

— mdawiijza.
ya-"wi'-ta-ya, v. a. to collect together with the

mouth, — mdawitaya.
ya-za', v. a. to string, as beads, — mdaza, daza.
ya-za'-har), v. to continue to string, as beads, —

mdazahai).
ya-za'-mni, v. a. to open or uncover with the

mouth ; to lay bare or expose by argument, —

mdazamni.
ya-zai)', v. n. to be sick, to be in pain; to be

tired, — mayazajj, niyaza^, uijyazaijpi : pa yazai),

to have the headache.
ya-zar)'-lida, v. n. to become sick suddenly, to be

taken sick ; to be in pain, — yazaijwahda.
ya-zar)'-ki-ya, v. a. to make one sick, — yazaij-

wakiya.
ya-zar)'-ya, v. a. to make one sick, — yazaijwaya.
ya-za'-za, v. red. of yaza.
ya-ze', v. a. to take out food from a kettle, as a

dog does, with the mouth.
ya-ze'-ze, v. a. to make swing with the mouth.
ya-zi'-ca, v. a. to stretch any thing with the teeth,

— mdazic'a.
ya-zin', cont. of yazica ; yazin iyeya.
ya-zo'-ka, v. a. to suck, — mdazoka, ugyazokapi.
ya-zur)'-ea, v. a. to weave together, connect, as

language. See yazuijta.
ya-zur)'-ca-ya, adv. connectedly, as in speaking.
ya-zur)'-ta, v. a. to connect, as words in speaking,

— mdazuijta.
ya-za'-hai), adv. yaiabai) ia, to speak roughly

or hoarsely.

YAZ

263

YUO

ya-za'-za, v. a. to lick or wash with the mouth,
as a cat.

ya-zim', cant, of yaiipa ; yaiim iyeya.

ya-zim'-zi-pa, v. red. of yaiipa.

ya-zi'-pa, v. a. to bite or pinch with the teeth,
bite, as bugs or mosquitoes; to sting, as one's
foot asleep, — mdazipa, mayazipa.

ya-zo', V. a. to blow on an instrument, play on a
fife or flute, — mdaio, daio, uijyaiopi.

y a-zo'-kl-y a, v. a. to cause to blow on an instru-
ment,— yaiowakiya.

ya-zo'-ya, v. a. to make blow a fife or fiute, —
yaiowaya.

ya-zui)', V. a. to pull up by the roots with the
mouth, as birds do corn, — mdazur).

ya-zu'-zu, v, a. to tear down or tear to pieces
with the mouth ; to refute or demolish, as an
argument, — mdazuiu.

ye, intj. oh ! expressing fear.

ye, a precatory form of the imperat. sing. ; used by
women and not unfrequently by men also ; as,
eco]g ye.

ye, a particle, which often follows at the close of a
sentence to give emphasis to what is said. It is

' used by the women as ' do ' is by the men ; as,
waijna mduteq ye, / have already finished.
Sometimes this is used by the men, and is not
unfrequently followed by ' do ;' as, ecamo^ yedo,
mai:u yedo.

ye, pron. 2d pers. compounded of ' ya ' and ' ki ;'
as in yeksuya, of kiksuya.

ye'-ga, v. n. to shine, glitter.

yefi., cont. of yega.

yeh-ya', v. a. to cause to shine, to make shine, —
yehwaya.

yeh-ye'-ga, v. red. of yega ; to glisten, twinkle,
sparkle.

ye-ki'-yei, v. a. of ya ; to cause to go, to send,
drive ; to extend to, as the hand ; nape yewakiya.

ye-ki'-ya, v. a. to win, gain any thing in
gaming, obtain any thing staked, — yewakiya.

ye-si', V. a. to command to go, to send, — ^yewasi.

ye-ya', v. a. to cause to go, to send ; to extend to.

ye-ye', v. to be, exist.

yo-tar)'-ka, f. «. to sit; suktaijka akan yotaijka
and ixivik akan yotagka, to ride on horseback, —
mdotaqka.

ya, a causative prefix. It expresses the idea of
causation in some way not conveyed by 'ba,'
' bo,' ' ka,' ' na,' ' pa,' and ' ya ;' as, yunaiii), to
cause to stand or to lift up ; yukakiia, to cause
to suffer. As a prefix to adjectives, and some-
times nouns, it forms verbs of them, and means
to make or cause to be; as, yuwa^te, to make
good.

yu, or yur), intj. Said when one is hurt, ugh !
3ru-a'-dos-do-za-se-i-ye-ya, v. a. to injure

one^s feelings in any way.
3ru.-a'-ka-Rpa, v. yuakahpa ic'u, to draw any

thing over one, as a blanket turned down.
jru-a'-kan, v. yuakan hiyuya, to cause to come up

to the top.
yu-a'-ka-za-mni, v. a. to open out, uncover:

yuakazamni iyeya.
jru-a'-ki-Rar), v. a. to cause to starve, — mduaki-

hai).
3ru.-a'-ki-pam, adv. separately : yuakipam ehna-

ka, to separate, divide.
yu-a'-ki-pa-pam, adv. red. of yuakipam.
yu-a'-ki-pas, cont. of yuakipaia ; crossing each

other ; in bows : yuakipas icu, to tie in a bow-
knot.
yu-a'-ki-pa-za, v. a. to place across, — mduaki-

paia. See yuakipas.
yii-a'-mda-ya, v. a. to make level on, — mdua-

mdaya.
yu-a'-o-pte-ea, v. a. to make less, — mduaopteda.
yu-a'-o-pten, cont. of yuaopteca ; yuaopten

iyeya.
yu-a'-O-pte-tu, v. a. to make less, lessen, — mdu-

aoptetu.
yu-a'-o-pte-tu-ya, adv. lessening.
3ru.-a'-sa-pa, v. a. to defile, — mduadapa.
yu-a'-sda-ya, v. a. to uncover, expose.
yu-a'-ska-dai), v. a. to make near, to bring

near, — m d uaskadai) .
3ru.-a'-ska-ke, v. See yua^kadai).
yu-a'-zi, v. a. to run aground, as a boat, pull

ashore, — mduazi.
yu-ba'-ga, v. a. to twist, roll, turn, as the hands

in running, — mdubaga.
yii-bas', cont. of yubaza ; yubas iyeya.
yu-bas'-'ba-za, v. red. of yubaza.
yii-bas'-ya, adv. in a twisting manner ; vexing.
yu-ba'-za, v. a. to twist or turn, as the hands

in running ; to vex, tease, annoy, and continue to

do so, — mdubaza.
3ru-be', V. a. Same as yumaij.
3ru-bo'-sdan, v. yubosdan ehde, to set up on end.
yu-bo'-sda-ta, v. a. to set upright, — mdubo-

sdata.
yu-bu', V. a. to make a drumming noise, —

mdubu.
yu-bu'-bu, V. red. of yubu.
yu-bu '-y a, adv. in a drumming manner.
3ru-ear)', v. a. to sift, shake in a sieve, — mduc'ai),

duc'ai), ui)c'ai)pi.
yu-ear)'-ear), v. a. to make shake, — mducaijc'ai).
yu-car)'-nan, v. yucaiinan iyeya, to push out

into the stream.

YUC

264

YUH

yu-ce'-ka, v. a. to make stagger, — mduceka.
yu-ee'-kce-ka, v. a. to make stagger, — mdude-

kceka.
3ru-ee'-ya, v. a. to make cry, — ^mduceya, mayu-

ceya.
yu-ei'-ka-dai), v. a. to make small, compress —

mduci]j:adaq.
3ru.-ei'-ka-ye-dar), adv. in a small space, pressed

together, compactly.
yu-ei'-stir)-na, v. a. to make small, — mduc'i-

stiijna.
yu-eo', V. a. to make good ; to perfect, finish, —

mduc'o, duc'o, uijyucopi.
yu-eo'-eo, v. a. to make soft, as mortar, — mdu-

6060.
3ru-co'-ka, v. a. to empty, make empty, — mdu-

coka.
yu-6o'-ka-ka, v. red. of yucoka.
yu-eos'-co-za, v. red. of yudoza.
yu-eo'-ya, adv. finished ; well.
yu-co'-za, v. a. to make comfortably warm, as a

house or clotlies, — mduc'oza.
yu-dem'-de-pa, v. a. to make notches in, — mdu-

demdepa.
yu-du'-za-har), v. a. to make swift, — mduduza-

hai).
3ru-e'-ee-dai), v. a. to purify, — mdueceda^, ui)-

yuecepidai).
jTU-e'-een-ya, adv. less : yuecenya edamoi).
3ru.-e'-ce-tu, v. a. to fulfil, accomplish ; to re-
store,— mduecetu, duecetu, uijyuecetupi.
yu-e'-ce-tu-ya, v. a. to cause to fulfil, — yuede-

tuwaya.
yu-e'-ce-tu-ya, adv. fulfilling ; making right.
yu-e'-ci, v. a. to turn wrong side out, as a gar-
ment or bag, — mduec'i, dueci.
yu-ga', v. a. to husk, as corn, — mduga, duga,

uijgapi.
yu-ga'-ga, adv. spread out, open,
yu-ga'-ga, v. n. to spread out, open out, display.
yu-gam', cont. of yugapa ; yugam iyeya.
yu-gan', cont. of yugata.
yu-gan'-ga-ta, v. red. of yugata.
yu-gai)', V. a. to open, as a door ; to tear open, as

a corn husk, to husk corn, — mdugaq, uqyugaijpi.
yu-gai)'-gar)-na, v. a. to make open or flimsy, —

mdugai)gai)na.
yu-gari'-pi, w. a husking. See wogaijpi.
3ru-gar)'-yai), v. a. to cause to open, to cause to

husk, — yugaqwaya.
yu-ga'-pa, v. a. to strip or pull off, as the skin

from an animal, to flay, — radugapa.
yu-ga'-ta, v. a. to open out, as the hand ; to

open, as a door, — mdugata, dugata.
yu-gat'-ga-ta, v. red. See yugangata.

yu-ge', v. a. to take out with the hand, — mdnge.
Y^-&^'-k^, «'• «• to gather up in the hand, to take

up by handfuls : yugege iwac'u.
yu-gi'-mna-na, v. to pinch up with the fingers :

yugimnana mduza.
3ru-go', V. a. to make marks such as are made on

arrows, — mdugo.
3ru-go'-go, V. red. of yugo.
3ru-gu'-ka, v. a. to stretch, strain ; to pull out,

as an arrow from the quiver, — mduguka.
yu-ha', V. a. to have, own, possess, — mduha,

duha, uijhapi and uijyuhapi : to lift, he able to

carry. With this latter meaning the ' a ' is not

changed to ' e ' on assuming the ' kta ' or ' ^ni ;'

as, mduha sni.
yu-ha'-ha-dax), v. a. to make not firm, to un-
settle,— mduhahadai).
3ru-ha'-ha-ye-dai), v. a. to move, shake, make

unstable, — mduhahayedai) .
yu-ha'-i-ye-ya, v. a. to push down.
yu-ha'-pi, ^ar<. owned, held ; a servant : jahse^i

cii), he wants to he held.
yu-hba', v. a. to shell, as corn ; to open, as pods,

— mduhba.
yu-hbe'-za, v. a. to make rough, — mduhbeza.
yu-hbu', v. a. to make a noise, as in taking hold

of a bag of shelled corn ; to make rattle, as com,

— mduhbu.
yu-hbu'-hbu, v. red. of yuhbu.
yu-hbu'-ya, adv. making a rattling noise, as in

pushing any thing into shelled corn : yuhbuya

iyeya.
yu-hda', v. a. to untwist, unroll, uncoil, stretch

out, — mduhda.
yu-hda'-hda, v. red. of yuhda ; to stretch out :

yuhdahda aya, to go one after another, to follow

in Indian file.
yu-hda'-ka, v. a. to make far apart, — ^mdu-

hdaka.
3ru-hda'-ka-ya, adv. separately, singly : yuhda-

kaya enaiir).
yu-hda'-kir)-yai), adv. across : yuhdakiijyap

ic'u, to take across, put across.
jTU-hda'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to uncoil or stretch

out, — yuhdawakiya.
yu-hda'-ya, v. a. to cause to uncoil, — yuhda-

waya.
yu-hdo'-hdo, v. a. to make grunt, as a buflfalo-

calf, by catching it, — mduhdohdo.
yu-hdo'-ka, v. a. to sprain hadly, dislocate, —

mduhdoka.
yu-he', V. Same as yulia : yuhe c'ii), one who

owns, a master.
3ni-he'-kiya, v. a. to cause to have ; to give to,

— yuhewakiya.

YUH

265

YUH

yu-hi', V. a. to drive off, as game, — mduhi.
yu-hin', cont. of yuhiijta ; yuhin iyeya.
yu-hir)'-ta, v. a. to sweep off, brush off, rake

away, — mduhiqta, uijyuhiijtapi.
yu-hi '-ya-hai), v. to prolong one's days.
yu-hi'-ya-har)-na-ke-eir)-hai), adv. waiting a

little, not in haste,
yu-hmi', v. a. to clear off, as grass, etc., from a

field, — mduhmi, dulimi.
yu-hmi '-ea, v. a. to catch by the hair of the head,

pull one's hair, — mduhmic'a, mayuhmica.
yu-hmi'-hma, v. a. to roll, as a wheel, etc.,

with the hand, — mduhmihma.
yu-hmin', cont. of yuhmica : yuhmin ynza, to

take hold of the hair of the head.
yu-hmi'-yar)-yar), v. a. to make round, as a

ball, with the hand, — mduhmiyaijyai).
yu-hmug', v. a. to twist, as a string, — mdu-

hmui), duhmui), uqyuhmuqpi.
yu-hna', v. a. to shake, as fruit from a tree, —

mduhna.
yu-hna'-hna, v. red. of yuhna ; to take a loose

hold of: yuhnahna wakuwa.
yu-hna'-skir)-yar), v. a. to make one crazy ; to

possess, as a demon or spirit, — mayuhnaskiqyaq.
yu-hna'-yar), v. a. to miss, as in attempting to

grasp any thing, — mduhnayai).
yu-hnu'-ni, v. a. to cause to wander, — mduhnu-

ni : wacii)yuhnuni, to distract, bewilder.
yu-ho'-ho, V. a. to move, shake, as something

not firm, — mduhoho.
yu-ho'-ho-dar), v. a. to shake, as something not

solid, — mduhohodai) .
yu-ho'-ho-pi-ea-sni, adj. immovable.
yu-ho'-ho-ya, v. a. to cause to shake.
yu-ho'-ho-ya, adv. shaking.
yu-ho'-mni, v. a. to turn around any thing, to

turn, as a grindstone, — mduhomni, duhomni,

ughomnipi and ui)yuhomnipi : ihduhomni, to turn

oneself around.
yu-ho'-nuii-mni, v. red. of yuhomni.
3rii-ho'-ta-pi-se, adv. clearing away obstacles :

yuhotapise iyaya, he has gone to clear the way.
yu-hu'-hu, intj. Said when one is hurt, i. q. yug.
yu-hu'-hus, cont. of yuhuhuza ; yuhuhus waui).
yu-hu'-hus-ya, v. a. to cause to shake, — yuhu-

huswaya.
yu-hu'-hus-ya, adv. shaking, moving.
yu-hu'-hu-za, v. a. to shake with the hand, —

mduhuhuza.
yu-hui)'-ka, v. to shake, to rock from side to

side, — mduhuqka : yuhuijke se mani, to walk as

a sailor.
3ru-hu'-te-dai), v. a. to Tnake short, wear off, —

mduhutedai).

34

yu-ha', V. n. to curl, branch out.

yu-ha', adj. curled, frizzled : pa yuha, a curly head.

yu-ha'-ha, v. red. of yuha ; to become curled or

branched.
yu-ha'-ha, adj. curly, having many branches or

prongs.
yu-ha'-kpa, v. a. to make curved, as the edge of

a knife that has been long in use, — mduhakpa.
3ru.-har)'-hi, v. a. to make slow, — mduhaijhi.
yu-ha'-tka, v. a. to ruffe, as hair or feathers, —

mduhatka.
yu-ha'-tpa, v. a. Same as yuRakpa.
3ru-hda', v. a. to ring, as a bell, to rattle, — mdu-

hda, duhda, ui)hdapi.
yu-hda'-gar), V. a. to enlarge ; to separate from,

leave, — mduhdagai) : ti hduhdagai) in\, to stay

always at home.
3ru-hda'-hda, v. red. of yuhda.
3ru-hda'-hda-ta, v. red. of yuhdata.
yu-hda'-hda-ya, v. red. of yuhdaya.
yu-hdan', cont. of yuhdata ; yuhdan iyeya.
yu-hda'-ta, v. a. to scratch, as a cat ; to scratch

off, — mduhdata.
yu-hda'-ya, v. to peel off, to skin ; to take off, as

a sticking plaster, — mduhdaya, duMaya.
3rii-hde'-ca, v. a. to tear in pieces, tear up, rend,

— mduhdeca, uijyuhdecapi.
yu-hde'-hde-ca, v. red. of yuhdeca.
yu-hden', cont. of yuMec'a ; yuhden iyeya.
yu-hden'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to rend, — yu-

hdenwakiya.
yu-hden'-ya, v. a. to cause to tear up, — yuhden-

waya.
yu-hdog', cont. of yuhdoka ; yuhdog iyeya : yu-

hdog hai), to stand open.
yu-hdog'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to open, — yu-

hdogwakiya.
yu-hdo'-hdo-ka, v. red. of yuhdoka ; to make

holes in.
yu-hdo'-ka, v. a. to make a hole ; to bore a hole ;

to open, as a door, as, tiyopa yuhdoka ; to open,

as a box, barrel, etc, — mduhdoka, duhdoka, uq-

hdokapi and uijyuhdokapi.
3ru-hein', cont. of yuhepa ; yuhem iyeya.
yu-hem'-he-pa, v. red. of yuhepa.
yu-he'-pa, v. a. to absorb, empty, exhaust, as a

fluid, by lading out, — mduhepa, upyuhepapi.
3rti-he'-yain, cont. of yuheyapa ; yuheyam iyeya,

to put aside.
yu-he'-yan, cont. of yuheyata ; j^uheyan iyeya.
yu-he'-ya-pa, v. a. to put a little back, put

aside, — mduheyapa.
yu-he'-ya-ta, v. a. to put back, reject.
yu-hi', V. n. to pimple ; to be pimpled, — mayuli :

hence, oyuhi, pimples.

YUH

266

YITK

yu-hi'-ea, v. a. to waken one up, — mduliica, du-

hic'a, uijyuhidapi, mayuiioa.
yu-M'-lii, V. red. of yuHi ; to he pimpled, marked,

rough.
yu-hin', cant, of yuliica ; yuhin iyeya.
3ru-M'-se, adj. like pimples ; striped, figured, as

dimity or diaper.
yu-hi'-ya-ya, v. a. to do badly, bungle, — mdu-

Hiyaya.
yu-YiTaii)', V. a. to sling, as a, atone, sideways ; to

make go crooked.
yu-liinig'-yar), adv. off sideways, crookedly ;

yulimiijyai) ehnaka, to place out of line, or

crookedly.
yu-hmur)', v. a. to make whizz, as in throwing a

stone from a sling, — mdulimui).
yu-Jimuri'-hinur), v. red. of yuhmui).
yu-liinurj'-yar), adv. making whizz.
yu-hor)'-ta, v. a. to make soft, as thread, to rub

soft, as skin, — mduhoijta. See yuhuijta.
yu-hpa', V. a. to throw doion, as one's load ; to

unharness or unload a horse ; to shake off, as

leaves from a tree; to buy a wife, — mduhpa,

duhpa, u^yuhpapi.
3ru-Bipa'-lipa, v. red. of yuhpa ; to throw over or

down in lumps, as in ploughing hard ground.
yu-hpeir)', v. a. to soak and make soft, as leather,

— mduhpar).
yu-fipar)'-hpai), v. red. of yuhpai) ; to soak and

make a little soft, as leather, — mduhpai)hpaij.
yu-hpe'-ya, v. a. to cause to throw down, — yu-

hpewaya.
yu-hpu', V. a. to pick off a piece, break off, crum-
ble off, — mdulpu.
yu-Rpu'-tpu, V. red. of yuhpu.
yu-htar)', v. a. to make rough. See yuhtaijyai).
yu-htaij'-yar), v. a. to make rough, to whet to a

rough edge, — mduhtaijyai).
yu-Mu'-ta, v. a. to mash or break a skin for

dressing, to make pliant, — mduhtuta.
yu-hu', V. a. to take off the hull or rind, to peel,

as bark with the hand, — mduhu.
yu-hu'-ga, V. a. to break a hole in, to stave in ;

to break to pieces, — mduhuga.
yu-liuh', cont. of yuhuga ; yuhuh iyeya.
yu-liuli'-na-ga, v. a. to cav^e to bum up, —

mduhuhnaga.
yu-hu'-hu-ga, V. red. of yuhuga.
yu-hui)'-!6ur(-ta, v. red. of yuhuijta.
yu-hur)'-ta, v. a. to make soft, as flax, in dress-
ing it, or as a skin, by rubbing, — mduhuijta.
yu-hui)'-wir), v. a. to make putrefy, as flesh, —

mduhuijwir).
3ru-Biwir)', V. See yuhurjwii).
yu-i'-cl-ea-hi, v. a. to mix together, to mingle.

yu-i'-ci-ca-hi-ya, adv. mingling: yuicicahiya

iyeya.
yu.-i'-ei-ca-'wlg, v. a. to make turn back on the

same way ; to cause to pass by, as the two ends

of any thing, — mduicicawir).
yu-i'-de, v. a. to cause to blaze, to kindle a fire,

— mduide.
yu-i'-ha, V. a. to cause to laugh, — mduiha.
yu-i'-na-Bini, v. a. to hasten one, — mduinaini.
yu-i'-na-lini-kl-ya, v. a. to cause one to hasten.
yu-i'-na-hnl-yar), adv. hastening.
yu-i'-ni-na, v. a. to make still, put to silence, —

mduinina.
yu-i'-nin-ya, ctdv. putting to silence.
yu-i'-pa-tku-ga, v. a. to place in a row, — mdui-

patkuga.
jru-i'-pa-tkuBi-ya, adv. placing in a row.
yu-i'-ste-ca, v. a. to make one ashamed, — mdui-

^teca.
yu-i'-sto-hmus, cont. of yui^tohmuza.
yu-i'-sto-hmu-za, v. a. to make one shut his

eyes ; to deceive, — mduistohmuza.
yn-i'-tpi-ska-e-tpe-ya, v. to turn any thing

over on its back, as a dog, etc.
JTU-i'-ya-ki-pam, adv. dividing, separating.
yu-i'-ya-ki-pa-pam, adv. red. of yuiyakipam.
jru-i'-yog, cont. of yuiyoka ; yuiyog iyeya, to put

out of the way, reject.
yii-i'-yo-ka, v. a. to shun. See yuiyog.
yu-i'-yo-tai), v. yuiyotag iyeya, to cause one to

do more by telling him to stop, to make more deter-
mined.
yu-i'-yo-taqg, cont. of yuiyotai)ka : yuiyotaijg

ehpeya, to push one down, make sit down.
yu-i'-yo-tar)-har), v. yuiyotaoha^ iyekiya, to

afflict, to trouble.
3ru-i'-yo-'was, cont. of yuiyowaza.
3rii-i'-yo-'was, cont. of yuiyowaia ; yuiyowas

iyeye ^ni. See yuiyowaza^ni.
yu-i'-yo-"wa-za, v. a. to make resound, to make

echo, — mduiyowaza.
yu-i'-yo-'wa-za-snl, v. to place afar off.
3ru.-ka', V. a. to strip off, as the feather part of

a quill, — mduka.
3ru-ka'-ki-za, v. a. to cause to suffer, — mduka-

kiia.
yu-kam', cont. of yukapa ; yukam iyeya.
yu-kar(', v. n. to he ; there is. This verb wants

the forms of the first an^ second persons singu-
lar; plur., uqkaijpi, dukai)pi, yukaijpi. Yukaq

is often used with a plural signification, as, ta-

hiijca yukai), there are deer ; hu mayukai), legs

are to me, i. e., / have legs.
yu-kar)', v. to give room. See tiyukaij and ki-

yukaq.

YUK

267

YUK

yu-kai)', V. a. of kaq ; to make old, — mdukaq.
yu-kar)', v. a. to shake off, as dew, — mdukaq.
yu-kar)'-kar), v. red. of yukaq.
yu-ka'-pa, v. a. to catch, as a ball, in the hand,

— mdukapa.
yu-ka'-ta, v. a. to make warm hy rubbing ; to

heat hy making a fire, — mdukata.
yu-ka'-tir), v. a. to straighten out with the hand,

— mdukatii).
yu-ka'-"wa, v. a. to open, as the mouth, eyes,

etc., — mdukawa, dukawa, uijyukawapi.
yu-ka'-'wa-kl-ya, v. a. to cause to open, — yuka-

wawakiya.
yu-kea', v. a. to loose a knot, untie, unwrap, open

what is tangled, — mdukda.
yu-keai)', v. a. to comprehend any thing, to un-
derstand, know, guess ; to have an opinion, to

judge, — mdukcai), dukcai), ui)kcai)pi.
yu-kcar)'-yar), v. comprehending, guessing.
yu-ke', V. n. to be. See yukaij.
yu-kes', cont. of yukeza ; yukes iyeya.
yu-ke'-za, v. a. to make smooth, — mdukeza.
yu-ki'-ki-ta, v. a. to make Umber, — mdukikita.
yu-kin', cont. of yukiijca; yukin iwacu.
yu-kiii'-ir)-pi, n. a cloak.
yu-ki'-nu-kar), v. a. to divide between, to sepa-
rate,— mdukinukai), dukmukai).
yu-ki'-nu-kar), adv. divided : yukinukaij ehna-

ka, to place out separately.
yu-ki'-nu-kar)-ki-ya, adv. divided, separately.
yu-ki'-nu-kar)-yax), adv. separately.
yu-kir)', v. a. to give room to pass, to lean to one

side, — mdukii), mayukii).
yu-kii)'-6a, ti. a. to scrape off with the hand, —

mdukii)c'a.
yu-kir) '-kii), adv. to and fro or from side to side,

as a sailor in walking.
yu-kir)s', cont. of yukiijza ; yukiqs iyeya.
yu-kir)s'-kir)-za, v. red. of yukiqza.
yu-kir)'-za, v. a. to make creak, — mdukiriza.
yu-ki'-pas, cont. of yukipaza ; yukipas yuza, to

seize by the liair of the head, — yukipas mduza.
yu-ki'-pas, cont. of yukipaza ; yukipa^ iyeya :

yukipa^ yuza, to double around and hold.
yu-ki'-pa-za, v. See yukipas, the form in use.
yu-ki'-pa-za, v. a. to bend any thing around, to

double over, to bend so as to make the ends meet,

— mdukipaia.
yu-ki'-pe-hai), v. a. _ to fold, to lay in folds, —

mdukipehai) : yukipehar) ehnaka.
yu-ki'-pu-ski-ea, v. a. to put close together, to

press, — mdukipuski ca.
yu-kl'-pu-skin, cont. of yukipuskica ; yukipu-

skin yuza, to hold one thing close to another.
yu-ki'-pu-skln-ya, adv. pressed close to.

yu-ki'-yu-te-ya, adv. Said of any thing crisped

or drawn up.
yu-ko', V. a. to make a hole, — mduko : yuko

ehpeya, to throw open.
yu-kog', cont. of yukoka ; yukog iyeya.
yu-ko'-ka, v. a. to ring or rattle, as an old ket-
tle,— mdukoka.
yu-ko'-ke-dar), v. a. to make active, to stimu-
late,— mdukokedai).
yu-ko'-ko-ka, v. red. of yukoka.
yu-ko'-ya-hai), v. a. to cause to be quick, to

hasten, — mdukoyahai).
3ru-kpa', v. a. ista yukpa, to make blind ; noge

yukpa, to make deaf — mdukpa.
yu-kpar)', v. a. to grind, as corn, etc., to make

fine, to pulverize, — mdukpai), dukpaij, uqkpai)-

pi.
yu-kpaq'-kpar), v. red. of yukpaq.
3ru-kpar)'-pi, n. grinding.
3ru-kpar)'-yar), v. a. to cause to grind, — yu-

kpaqwaya.
yu-kpi', v. a. to cracJe or burst, as a louse.
yu-kpi'-kpi, v. red. of yukpi.
yu-kpu'-kpa, v. a. to make fine, to crumble up

and scatter about, — mdukpukpa.
yu-ksa', v. a. to break off, as a stick, with the

hand ; to pull, as corn ; to cut off or out with

shears, — mduksa, duksa, uijksapi.
yu-ksa'-ksa, v. red. of yuksa.
yu-ksa'-p£i, v. a. to make wise, — mduksapa.

Said also of an animal who breaks away from a

trap, as he is made wise or wary by it.
yu-ksa'-pi, n. a breaking off', a gathering of

corn.
yu-kse'-ya, v. a. to cause to break off, as in

trapping, — yuksewaya.
yu-kse'-ya, adv. broken off; straight down, as if

broken off; said of a bluff shore where the

water is deep ; i. q. hutotkoijza.
jTU-ksa', V. a. to bend or double up, as a blanket,

— mdukia.
yu-ksa'-dar), adv. bent up, crooked: yukiadai)

idu.
yu-ksar)', v. a. to bend, fold up, — mduksaij.
yu-ksaxj'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to bend or fold

up, — yuk^ar) wakiya.
3ru-ksar)'-ksar), v. red. of yukiai).
yu-ksai)'-ksar), adj. crooked, curled about.
yu-ksar)'-yar), v. a. to cause to bend, — yuk^aq-

waya.
yu-ksar) '-ye-y a, adv. bent around, in a circle.
yu-ksi'-ksi-za, v. red. of yuksiia.
yu-ksis', cont. of yuksiza ; yuksis iyeya.
jTU-ksis'-ya, v. a. to cause to double up, — ynkiij-

waya.

YUK

268

YUN

yu-ksi'-za, v. a. to double up, to bend, as the

arm at the elbow ; to double vp, as iron, etc. ; to

pull the trigger of a gun, — mdukiiia.
yu-ktar)', v. a. to bend with the hand, — mdu-

ktaq.
yu-ktar) '-ki-y a, v. a. to cause to bend any thing.
yu-ktai)'-ki-ya, adv. crookedly.
yu-ktar) '-ktari, v. red. of yuktaq ; to bend,

crook.
3ru-ktar)'-ktar)-ki-ya, adv. red. of yuktaqtiya.
yu-ktar) '-ktar)-yar), adv. red. of yuktaijyaij.
yu-ktar) '-yar), adv. crookedly.
yu-ktar) '-ye-y a, adv. crookedly, not in a straight

line : yuktaijyeya wai)ka.
yu-ku'-ka, v. a. to pull to pieces ; to make rotten,

to destroy, — mdukuka.
jTU-ke'-ga, V. a. to scratch, scrape, — mduljega.
yu-keh', cont. of yu]k:ega ; yukeh iyeya.
yu-keh'-ke-ga, v. red. of yuljega.
yu-keR'-ya, adv. scratching, scraping.
yu-kes', cont. of yukeza ; yu^i^es iyeya.
yu-kes'-ke-za, v. red. of yukeza ; to shave off

close and smooth, as the hair of the head, —

mdu^es^eza.
yu-ke'-za, v. a. to make hard and smooth ; to

shear off close, as the hair of the head, — mdukeza.
3ru-ko'-ga, v. a. to scratch up, make rough with

the nails, — mdukoga.
yu-koh', cont. of yu^ioga ; yujfol iyeya.
jni-koh'-ko-ga, v. red. of yuljioga.
yu-kos', cont. of yukoza ; yut:os iyeya.
yu-kos'-ko-za, v. red. of yukoza.
yu-ko'-za, v. a. to make smooth and hard by

taking off the grass, etc., — mdut:oza, du^oza.
yu-ma'-hen-i-ye-ya, v. a. to push one thing

into something else, to insert.
3ru-niar)', v. a. to sharpen by grinding, filing, or

whetting, as an axe, etc., — mdumai), uijyumaijpi.
yu-mda', v. a. to separate, as the layers of bark

or the leaves of a book, — mdumda.
yu-mda'-pi, n. a page or leaf of a book, etc.
yu-mdas', cont. of yumdaza : yumdas ehnaka, to

open out, as in dressing a cow ; yumdas iyeya.
yu-mda'-ska, v. a. to make fiat, — mdumdaska.
yu-mda'-ya, v. a. to open, spread out, unfold ;

to make level, — mdumdaya, uriyumdayapi.
yu-mda'-ya-pi, n. a spreading out ; a page in

a book.
jTU-mda'-za, v. a. to burst open, as the bowels,

or as a bag of corn ; to break open by hauling ;

to make a longitudinal incision, — mdumdaza.
JTU-mde-oa, v. a. to break to pieces or crush, as

brittle ware ; to rend or tear open, — mdumdeca.
jru-mde'-mde-ea, v. red. of yumdeda.
yu-mden', cont. of yumdeda ; yumden iyeya.

yu-mden'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to break to
pieces, — yumdenwakiya.

yu-mdu', v. a. to make mellow, to pulverize, to
plough, as ground, — mdumdu, dumdu, uijmdupi
and ui)yumdupi.

jru-mdu'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to plough, — yu-
mduwakiya.

yu-mdu'-mdu, v. red. of yumdu.

yu-mdu'-ya, v. a. to cause to pulverize, — yu-
mduwaya. See yumdukiya.

yu-mi'-ma, v. a. to make round, as a wheel.

yu-mna', v. a. to rip a seam with scissors,—
mdumna.

jTU-mna'-kl-ya, v. a. to cause to rip, — jrumna-
wakiya.

yu-rana'-mna, v. red. of yumna.

yu-mrii', v. n. to turn round, to go round in
circles.

yu-mni'-ga, v. to shrink, draw up ; to cause to
shrink, — radumniga.

yu-mni'-mni, v. red. of yumni ; to turn round
and round.

yu-nmi'-mni-ga, v. red. of yumniga.

yu-mnl'-nuiis, cont. of yumnimniia ; curled :
yumnimnis iyeya.

yu-mni'-ranis-ya, v. a. to cause to curl.

yu-mni'-mnis-ya, adv. curly.

yu-mni'-mnl-za, adj. red. of yumiia ; curled,
as hair.

yu-nuii'-vra-ci-pi, n. the circle dance. In this
dance a pole is set up in the centre, which is en-
circled at a distance of twenty or thirty feet by
branches of trees. By the central pole a small
arbor is made, which is occupied by the high-
priest of the ceremonies. The young men dance
around.

yu-mni'-za, adj. curled, not straight, as hair.

yu-mnu'-innu-ga, v. a. to make a noise, as in
handling corn, — mdnmnumnuga.

yun, cont. of yuta ; yun mani, he walks eating.

yu-na'-ke, v. See yunakeya.

3ru-na'-ke-ya, v, a. to turn any thing partly up,
turn on one side, — mdunakeya.

yu-na'-zir), v. a. to cause to stand, to raise or
lift up, — mdunaiii).

yu-ni', V. a. to touch one so as to call his atten-
tion to any thing, — mduni, duni, mayuni.

yu-ni'-ni, v. red. of yuni ; to touch so as to arouse
one, or call his attention to any thing, — mdunini.

yu-ni'-ya-snl, v. a. to put out of breath, to
strangle, — mduniyasni.

yun-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to eat, to feed, — yun-
wakiya.

yu-nmi'-nma, v. a. to roll with the hand, —
mdunminma. Same as yuhmihma.

YUN

269

TUP

yu-nuq'-ga, v. a. to make a hard or callous place,

by sprain or otherwise, — mdunugga.
yun-ya', v. a. to feed, cause to eat, — yunwaya.
jrur), intj. oh ! 0 dear me !
yu-o'-ci-kpa-ni, v. a. Same as yuocitpani.
yu-o'-eir)-si-ca, v. a. to make cross, — mduociq-

sica.
yu-o'-ci-pte-da, v. a. to make one shorter than

another ; to make a difference, diminish, — mduo-

cipteca.
yu-o'-ei-pten, eont. of yuociptec'a.
yu-o'-ci-pten-ya, adv. diminishing hy degrees.
yu-o'-ci-pte-tu, V. a. to make of different sizes,

to lessen, — mduociptetu.
yu-o'-ei-pte-tu-ya, adv. lessening.
yu-o'-ei-pte-tu-ya-ken, adv. of different sizes.
yu-o'-ci-tkor)-za, v. a. to make equal, — mduo-

citkoriza.
3ru.-o'-ei-tpa-ni, v. a. to make unequal, — mduo-

citpani.
yu-o'-hda-psir), v. yuohdapsii) ehpeya, to turn

any thing over.
jni-o'-hda-psig-yai), adv. turning over.
yu-o'-liar)-ko, v. a. to make hasten, — mduohaqko.
yu-o'-har)-ko-ya, adv. hastening,
yu-o'-Bida-gai), v. n. to become loose.
yu-o'-hdah, cont. of yuohdagai) ; yuohdah icu,

to become loose.
3ru-o'-lipa, v. a. to break into, break through,

— mduohpa.
yu-o'-K.pe-ya, v. a. to cause to break through, —

yuohpewaya.
yu-oh'-ya, adv. obliquely, as the characters are

placed in writing : yuohya ehnaka.
yu-o'-ka-hbo-ka, v. a. to make float, to send

afloat, — mduokahboka.
yu-o'-ka-lipa, v. to cause to float.
yu-o'-ka-po-ta, v. to cause to be borne up, as on

water.
jru-o'-ki-ni-har), v. a. to make honorable, — mdu-

okinihai).
yu-o'-ko, v. a. to make a hole, — mduoko.
yu-o'-kor)--war)-zi-daj3, v. a. to make one of,

join one to another, — mduokoqwaijiidai).
yn-o'-ksa, v. a. to break of into, — mduoksa.
yu-o'-ktar), v. a. to bend into, — mduoktai).
yu-o'-mde-ea, v. a. to divide, disperse, break in

pieces, scatter abroad, as a people, — mduomdeca.
3ru-o'-nide-ea, v. n. yu6mdeca yuza, to hold the

sharp part up, as the edge of a board.
yu-o'-mde-ca-har), part, in a dispersed state,

scattered.
yu-o'-mden, cont. of yuomdeca ; yuomden iya-

ya, to go off, disperse ; yuomden iyeya, to cause

to scatter abroad.

yu-o'-nmi-na, v. a. to shelter from the wind,
make a calm, — mduomnina.

3ru.-o'-ni-har), v. a. to honor, treat with attention,
— mduonihai), uqyuonihaijpi, mayuonihaij.

yu-o'-ni-har)-yar), adv. honoring, treating po-
litely.

jni-o'-po, V. a. to press out of shape, press in at
the sides, as a kettle ; to make warp, — mduopo.

3ru.-o'-pte-ca, v. a. to make less, — mduopteca.

yu-o'-pten, cont. of yuopteca.

yu-o'-pten-ya, adv. making less.

yu-o'-pte-tu, v. a. to make less, — mduoptetu.

yu-o'-pte-tu-ya, adv. lessening.

yu-o'-se, and yuosekse, n. one who shoots but
does not hit. This would seem to be used ironi-
cally.

jm-o'-sig-sil), V. a. to bedaub one with semen,
— mduosirisii). See osii)sii).

yu-o'-sir), v. n. to get into a hard knot, become
hard to untie.

yu-o'-ta, V. a. to make many, to multiply, — mdu-
ota, duota, uqyuotapi.

yu.-o'-tar)-ir), v. a. to make appear, make mani-
fest; to celebrate, — mduotar)ii).

yu-o'-tar)-ir)-yar), adv. making manifest, cele-
brating.

yu-o'-ta-pi, n. a multiplying ; multiplication.

yu-«'-tkor)-za, v. a. to make of equal length ; to
do right ; to finish, — mduotkor)za.

yu-o'-tii)S, cont. of yuotiijza ; yuotiris icu, to
draw in tight : yuotiqs iyeya.

yu-o'-tir)S-tir)-za, v. red. of yuotiqza.

yu-o'-tir)-za, v. a. to press in tight ; to make
firm in, — mduotiqza.

yu-o'-'WO-tag-na, v. a. to make straight ; to
make upright, justify, — mduowotaijna.

yu-pa', v. a. to make bitter, — mdupa.

yu-pah', cont. yupah yuza, to hold in a bunch ;
yupah nawai)ka, to gallop slowly and with the
body bent together.

yu-pa'-ko, v. a. to make crooked, — mdupako.

yu-pa'-ko-ya, adv. making crooked, twisting.

yu-par)'-ga, v. a. to tie up loosely, to make a large
bundle, — mdupaijga.

yu-par)li', cont. of yupaqga; yupaijli iyeya.

yu-par)li'-ya, adv. loosely, in a large bundle.

yu-par)'-par)-na, v. a. to make soft, — mdupaij-
pagna.

yu-pa'-tus, cont. of yupatuza ; yupatua iyeya.

yu-pa'-tu-za, v. a. to cause to stoop down, to
bend down, — mdupatuia.

yu-pe', V. a. to make sharp, — mdupe.

yu-pe'-har), v. a. to fold up, — mdupehai).

yu-pe'-mni, v. a. to tunst, make warp, as a
board, — mdupemni.

YUP

270

YUS

yu-pe'-mni-mni, v. red. of yupemni ; to warp,

crook, twist.
yu-pe'-mni-yag, adv. crookedly.
yu-pi', V. a. to make good, — mdupi, dupi.
yu-pi'-ka, v. a. to clothe one up well, to make

look well, — mdupika.
jTU-pi'-ka, n. one who dresses well ; one who does

things neatly.
yu-pii)S', cont. of yupiqza ; yupiijs iyeya.
yu-pii)s'-pir)-za, v. red. of yupiijza.
3ni-pii)s', cont. of yupiqia ; yupiqi iyeya.
yu-pii)s'-pir)-za, v. red. of yupiqza.
yu-pir)'-za, v. a. to make creak, — mdupiijza.
yu-pirj'-za, v. a. to pull out the coarse hair from

a skin ; to pull off all the hair or fur, — mdu-

pii)za.
3ru.-po', V. a. to make swell, — mdupo.
yu-pom', cont. of yupopa : yupom yuza, to catch

or hold with a snap or spring, as a trap, to catch

round the body.
yu-pon', cont. of yupota ; yupon iyeya,
yu-pon'-po-ta, v. red. of yupota.
yu-po'-pa, V. a. to cause to snap or burst, to

make a srMpping noise, — mdupopa.
yu-po'-ta, V. a. to wear out, tear to pieces, as

a garment ; to use up, destroy, — mdupota, dupota.
yu-pot'-po-ta, V. red. of yupota.
yu-po'-vra-ya, v. a. to roughen up, as fur or

nap, — mdupowaya.
yu-psag', cont. of yupsaka ; yupsag iyeya.
yu-psag'-ya, v. a. to cause to break, as a string.
yu-psag'-ya, adv. breaking, as a cord.
yu-psa'-ka, v. a. to break or pull in two, as a

string, — mdupsaka, uqpsakapi.
yu-psa'-psa-ka, v. red. of yupsaka.
yu-pse', v, yupse hirjhda ; yupse hiyeya.
yu-psi'-ea, v. a. to make jump, to toss, — mdu-

psica : hoyupsic'a, to fish with hook and line.
jni-psin', cont. of yupsica ; yupsin iyeya.
yu-psi'-psi-ca, v. red. of yupsica.
yu-psi'-psin, cont. of yupsipsica.
yu-psor)', V. a. to turn over and spill, as water,

etc., — mdupsog, dupsoi).
yu-psor) '-psop, v. red. of yupsoij ; to turn over

on the belly, as the Dakotas do in skinning an

animal : yupsoi)psoi) ehnaka.
yu-psori'-psoQ-na, v. a. to make round, to take

off the corners, — mdupsoqpsoijna.
yu-psuT)', V. a. Same as yupsog.
yu-psur)', V. a. to pull out by the roots, to ex-
tract, as a tooth; to put out of joint, — mdupsuq,

dupsui), uijyupsuijpi.
yu-psur)'-ka, v. a. to double up in a round

bunch: nape hdupiu^ka, to clench the fiat, —

mdup^uqka.

yu-psuri'-psur), v. red. of yupiuq.

yu-pta', V. a. to cut out, as a garment ; to cut

off, as the border of a buffalo skin, etc., — mdu-

pta, dupta, ui)yuptapi.
yu-pta'-hnag, adv. all together, collectively.
yu-ptar)'-ptai), v. a. to turn or roll back and

forth with the hand, to rock, — mduptaijptai).
yu-ptar)'-ptai)-yai), v. a. to roll back and

forth, to roll over and over, — mduptaqptariyai).
yu-ptar)'-yar), v. a. to roll over, to turn over,

— mduptariyai), duptaijyai).
yu-pta'-pta, v. red. of yupta.
yu-pta'-ya, adv. together, collectively : yuptaya

ehnaka.
yu-pte'-ee-dai), v. a. to shorten, — mduptecSe-

dai).
yu-pten'-ye-dar), adv. hastening, shortening ;

yuptenyedai) ehnaka.
yu-ptu'-ha, v. a. to pick in pieces, — mduptuha.
yu-ptu'-ptu-za, v. red. of yuptuza.
jru-ptus', cont. of yuptuia; yuptu^ iyeya.
yu-ptus'-kl-ya, v. a. to cause to crack or split,

— yuptu^wakiya.
yu-ptus'-ya, v. a. to cause to split or crack, —

yuptuswaya.
yu-ptu'-za, V. a. to make crack or split, a& a

board, by boring, — mduptuza.
3ru.s, cont. of yuza ; yus naiir).
yu-sa', adv. prickly, knobby, sharp ; i. q. owasiq

pepeya bosdan ya^ka.
yu-sa'-kim, adv. both together.
yu-sa'-kim-tu, adv. both together.
yu-sai)', V. a. to make brownish or whitish, to

make fade, — mdusai) .
3ru-sa'-pa, v. a. to blacken, — mdusapa.
yu-sba', v. a. to ravel out ; to pick to pieces, as

wool, — mdusba, dusba.
yu-sba'-sba, v. red. of yusba.
yu-sbu', V. a. to make a rattling or rustling

noise, as in taking hold of shelled corn, — mdusba.
yu-sbu '-pi-se, adv. with a noise ; said of one

diving.
yu-sbu'-sbu, v. red. of yusbu.
yu-sde'-ea, v. a. to split, — mdusdeda, uijyusde-

capi.
yu-sden', cont. of yusdeca ; yusden iyeya.
yu-sden'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to split, — yusden-

wakiya.
yu-sden'-ya, v. a. to cause to split, — yusden-

waya.
yu-sde'-sde-ca, v. red. of yusdeca.
yu-sdi', v. a. to press out, as fat with the hand,

to make ooze out, — mdusdi.
yu-sdi'-tka, v. a. to make taper ; to make small

by pinching, — mdusditka.

TUS

271

YUS

yu-sdo'-har), v. a. to draw or drag along, to draw,

as a horse does a load ; to lead a horse, — mdu-

sdohai}.
yu-sdo'-har(-har), v. red. of yusdohai).
yu-sdo'-har)-yar), adv. dragging along.
yu-sdo'-he-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to draw along,

— y usdoh e wakiya.
yu-sdo'-sdo, ».a. to make soft hy pressing with

the hand, as an apple, — mdusdosdo.
jru-sdun', cont. of yusduta ; yusdun ic'u and yu-

sdun iyeya.
yu-sdu'-ta, v. a. to pull out, to draw out from

under, — mdusduta, dusduta.
yu-sem', cont. of yusepa ; yusem iyeya.
yu-se'-pa, v. a. to rub off, as paint, to deface ; to

wear off, as the skin from the hand, — mdusepa.
yu-ska', v. a. to whiten, cleanse ; to clean up ; to

gather with the fingers, — mduska, duska.
3ru-ska'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to bleach, — yuska-

wakiya.
yu-ska'-pi-dar)-se, adv. in a compcKt body.
yu-ska'-pi-se, adv. close together.
yu-skem', cont. of yuskepa ; yuskem iyeya.
yu-ske'-pa, v. a. to cause to escape, make eva-
porate ; to drain off, — mduskepa.
3ru.-ski'-ca, v. a. to press, make tight, — mduskica.
yu-skin', cont. of yuskica and yuskita; yuskin

iyeya.
yu-ski'-skl-ea, v. red. of yuskida.
yu-ski'-skin, cont. of yuskiskica and yuskiskita.
3ru-ski'-ski-ta, v. red. of yuskita ; to wrap round

and round, as in fastening a child on a board, —

mduskiskita.
yu-ski'-ta, v. a. to bind, bandage ; to hoop, as a

barrel, — mduskita.
yus-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to hold, — yuswakiya.
yu-sku', V. a. to peel off the skin with the hand ;

to pare ; to shave or cut off short, as hair, — mdu-

sku.
yu-sku'-sku, v. red. of yusku ; to shave or cut

off short, as the hair.
yu-sku'-ya, v. a. to make sweet or sour, etc., to

flavor, — mduskuya.
yu-smag', cont. of yusmaka ; yusmag iyeya.
yu-smag'-sma-ka, v. red. of yusmaka.
yu-sma'-ka, v. a. to make a hollow place, indent,

— mdusmaka.
yu-sma'-ka, n. a hollow place. See osmaka.
jTU-sma'-sma-ka, v. red. of yusmaka.
yu-sma'-sma-ka, n. hollow places.
yu-smir)', f.a. to pick off, as meat from a bone,

— mdusmii).
yu-sniir)'-sinir), v. red. of yusmig.
3ru-snur)'-yar)-yai), v. a. to make smooth or

bare ; to wear off smooth, — mdusmiijyaijyai).

yu-smi'-smi, v. red. of yusmi ; to shave off short,
as hair, — mdusmismi.

yii-sna', v. a. to ring or tinkle, as little bells ; to
ravel out, as a stocking ; to shake off, as leaves or
fruit from a tree, — mdusna, dusna.

yu-sna'-sna, v. red. of yusna.

yu-sni', v. a. to put out, extinguish, as a fire ; to
make cold, — mdusni.

yu-sni'-sni, v. red. of yusni.

yus-o', V. n. to swim, as a duck or muskrat.

yus-o'-dar)-ka, v. n. to be slow, to loiter : ecen
mdusodaijka.

yus-o'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to swim, in the man-
ner of a duck, — yusowakiya.

yu-son', cont. of yusota ; yuson iyeya.

yu-son'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to use up, — yuson-
wakiya.

3ru.-son'-ya, v. a. to cause to use up, — yuson-
waya.

3ru.S-Os'-0, v. red. of yuso.

yu-so'-ta, V. a. to use up, make an end of, ex-
pend,— mdusota, dusota, uqsotapi.

yu-spa'-i-cu-se-ma-ni, v. to limp.

yu-star)'-ka, v. a. to moisten, — mdustaqka.

yu-sto', V. a. to smooth down, as the hair, to
make smooth : pa yusto, to oil and smooth the
head, — mdusto.

yu-sto'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to make smooth, —
yustowakiya.

yu-sto'-sto, V. red. of yusto.

yu-sto'-ya, v. a. to cause to make smooth, —
yustowaya.

yu-su', V. a. to make right, — mdusu.

jni-su'-ta, V. a. to make firm, — mdusuta, ui)yu-
sutapi.

3ru-su'-ya, v. a. to cause to make well, — yusu-
waya.

yu-sa', V. a. to make red by touching, — mdusa.

yii-s'ag', cont. of yus'aka.

yu-s'ag'-ya, v. a. to overburden, overload, — yu-
s'agwaya.

yu-s'a'-ka, v. n. to be heavily laden, have as
much as one can carry, — mdus'aka, du^'aka.

yu-SEun', cont. of yusapa ; yu^am iyeya.

yu-sam'-ya, v. a. to cause to soil, — yu^amwaya.

yu-sa'-pa, v. a. to soil, blacken, or defile any
thing, — mdusapa, uijyusapapi.

yu-sbe', v. a. to make deep, — mdusbe.

yu-sbe'-ya, adv. deeply ; yusbeya waqka.

yu-sda', v. a. to make bare or bald ; to cut off, as
hair ; to shear, as sheep ; to pull out, as grass or
weeds, to weed ; to reap ; to pick off, as the fea-
thers of ducks, etc., — mdusda, dusda, uqsdapi.

yu-sda'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to pull, pluck, or
shear off, — yusdawakiya.

YU8

278

YUS

yu-sda'-sda, v. red. of yuida.

yu-sda'-ya, v. a. to uncover ; to pull off, — mdu-

sdaya.
yu-sda'-ye-hna, adv. plainly, manifestly, openly :

yusdayehna yuza.
yu-sdi', V. a. to press or squeeze with the hand,

— mduMi.
yu-sdi '-ya, adv. pressing : yuMiya iyakaika, to

squeeze up and tie tight,
3ru.-sdog', cont. of yusdoka ; yuMog iyeya.
yu-sdog'-ya, v. a. to cause to pull off or out, —

yusdogwaya.
yu-sdo'-ka, v. a. to pull off, as a garment ; to

pull out, as a cork from a bottle, — mdusdoka,

uqsdokapi and uijyusdokapi.
yu-sdo'-sdo-ka, v. red. of yusdoka.
yu-sdun', cont. of yusduta ; yusdun iyeya.
yu-sdu'-sdu-ta, v. red. of yusduta; to make

smooth or slippery, — mdusdusduta.
yu-sdu'-ta, v. a. to slip out, to let slip from one,

— mdu^duta.
yu-se'-ca, v. a. to deaden, to make dry, — mdu-

seca.
yu-se'-kse-ea, v. red. of yuseca.
yu-sen', cont. of yuseda ; yu^en iyeya, to cause to

wither.
3ru.-si'-ea, v. a. to make had ; to injure, spoil,

— mdusica.
yu-si'-hda, v. a, to make angry, — mduiihda.
yu-si'-Rai), v. a. to make act badly, — mdusihai].
3ni-si'-hai)-yai), adv. causing to do badly.
yu-si'-Mii), v. a. to enfeeble, — mdusiMiij, mayu-

sihtiq.
3ni-si'-Mii)-pl, n. feebleness.
yu-si'-Mir)-yar), adv. feebly : yusihtiqyafl ec'og-

yu-sim', cont. of yusipa ; yu^im iyeya.
yu-sim'-si-pa, v. red. of yusipa.
yu-sir)', v. n. to wrinkle.
3ru-sir)'-pi, n. wrinkles.
yu-sir) '-sir), v. red. of yusiij ; to wrinkle.
yu-sii)'-sir), v. a. to tickle, — mdusiij^ii).
yu-sir) '-ya-y a, i». «. to be afraid ; to be fright-
ened,— mayusiijyaya, niyusiqyaya, uijyu^i^ya-

yapi.
yu-sir) '-ye-y a, v. a. to frighten, terrify, — yusig-

yewaya, yusiriyeuijyaripi.
yu-si'-pa, v. a. to break off close, as the limbs

of a tree, tlie teeth of a comb, or projecting pins,

— mdusipa.
yu-ska', v. a. to loosen, untie, — mduska, duska,

ui)yuskapi.
yu-skar)'-skap, v. a. to cause to move about, —

mdu^kariskai).
yu-ske'-har), v. a. to make wild, — mdu^kehaij.

yu-Bke'-har)-har), v. red. of yu^kehaq ; to make

prance about, — mduskehaijhai).
yu-ski', V. a. to plait, to gather, — mdu4ki, uij-

yuskipi.
yu-ski'-ca, v. a. to press, squeeze, wring, as

clothes ; to milk, as a cow, — mduskic'a.
3ru-skin', cont. of yu^kic'a ; pte yuskin mda, /

go to milk the cow.
JTU-ski'-pi, part, plaited, gathered infolds.
yu-ski'-ska, v. a. to make rough, difficult, or

complicated, — mduskiska.
JTU-ski'-ske-ya, v. a. to cause to make difficult,

— yuskiskewaya.
yu-ski'-ski-ca, v. red. of yudkic'a.
yu-sko'-kpa, v. a. to hollow out, as a trough, —

mduskokpa.
3ru-skoin', cont. of yu^kopa ; yu^kom iyeya.
yu-sko'-pa, v. a. to bend, to make crooked or

twisting, — mduskopa.
yu-sko'-sko-pa, v. red. of yuskopa.
3ru-sko'-tpa, v. a. to hollow, — mdu^kotpa.
yu-sku', V. a. to shell off, as corn with the hands,

— mdusku.
yn-sku'-sku, v. red. of yu^ku.
yu-sna', v. a. to drop any thing, to let slip, to

make a mistake, — mdusna, du^na, UQ^napi.
3ni-sna'-kor)-za, v. to pretend to make a mistake,

— y usnawakoi) za.
yu-sna'-pi, n. a mistake.
yu-sna'-sna, v. red. of yusna ; to try to catch

and fail of ten, to miss, — mdusnasna.
yu-sni'-sni-za, v. red. of yusniia.
3ru-siii'-za, V. a. to cause to wither, — mdusniia.
yu-so'-sa, v. a. to make muddy, to roil up, —

mdusosa.
yu-spa', V. a. to break off, to separate from, to de-
tach ; to break loose from, break away, escape ;

to free from ; to break open, — mdu^pa, uijyuspa-

pi : ih^ai^^a,, to free oneself from.
yu-spa'-spa, v. red. of yu^pa ; to break in pieces,

— mdu^pa^pa.
3ni-spi', V. a. to pick or gather, as berries ; to pull

off, — mdu^pi, uijipipi.
yu-spi'-spi, V. red. of yu^pi.
yu-spu', V. a. to pick off with the hand any thing

that adheres, to pull off, — mduspu.
yu-spu'-spu, V. red. of yuipu.
yu-spu '-spu-pi, «. pieces broken off ; slugs.
yu-spu'-spu-ya, v. red. of yulpuya.
yu-spu'-ya, v. a. to scratch, as the skin when

it itches, — mdu^puya, UTjyu^puyapi.
jru-stai)', V. a. to finish anything; to perfect, —

mdustai), dustai), ui)stai)pi and ui)yu^tai)pi.
yu-sta'-sta, v. to soak a skin -preparatory to

dressing it, — mdustasta.

YU8

273

YUT

yu-sus', cont. of yusuza ; yusu^ iyeya.
yu-su'-su-za, v. red. of yusuza.
yu-su'-za, v. a. to crush, as bones, — mdusuza.
yu'-ta, V. a. to eat any thing, — wata, yata, uij-

tapi : taku yutapi, something to eat, food.
jTU-ta'-kli), V. a. to cause to lean, — mdutakiij.
yu-ta'-kir)-yai), adv. leaning.
yu-ta'-ku-ni-sni, v. a. to destroy, — mdutakuni-

sni.
3ru-ta'-ku-ni-sni-yar), adv. destroying.
3ru-ta'-ku-siii, v. a. to bring to naught; to

frustrate, — mdutakusni.
yu-tai)', V. a. to honor, glorify, — mdutai).
yu-t'ai)', V. a. to touch, to feel, — mdut'ai).
yu-tai)'-eo-dar), v. a. to make naked, — mdutai) -

codaq.
yu-tar)'-ir), v. a. to make manifest, to expose, —

mdutaijii).
yu-tar)'-lr)-yar), adv. manifestly.
yu-tar)'-ka, v. a. to make great or large, to en-
large,— mdutai) ka.
yu-tar)'-ka-ya, adv. largely, greatly.
yu-tar)'-ni, v. a. to make old, to wear out, —

mdutaqni.
yu-tar)'-ni-ka, v. a. to wear out, as clothes ; to

make old, — indutaqnika.
yu-t'ar)'-t'ar), v. red. of yut'ai).
yu-tar)'-tor(, v. a. to make last well, to make

substantial, — mdutai) toi).
yu-tai)'-tor)-sni, v. a. to use up, expend, —

mdutai) toi)sni.
yu-tar)'-tor)-siii-yar), adv. expending.
yu-tar)'-yar), adv. praising.
yu-ta'-om, adv. leaning : yutaom ehde, to place

leaning.
yu-ta'-or)-pa, v. n. to lean. See yutaom.
yu-ta'-ta, v. a. to shake off, as dust from a gar-
ment; to scrape or brush off with the hand, —

mdutata.
yu-te'-ea, v. a. to make new, renew — mdutec'a,

duteca, ui)yutecapi.
yu-te'-har), v. a. to put off, prolong ; to make

slow, retard, — mdutehai).
yu-te'-M-ka, v. a. to make difficult, make hard

to be endured, — mduteWka.
yu-tem', cont. of yutepa ; yutem iyeya.
yu-tem'-te-pa, v. red. of yutepa.
yu-te'-pa, v. a. to wear off short, — mdutepa.
yu-ti'-6a, v. a. to scrape away, as snow, with the

hand ; to paw, as a horse does, — mdutica.
yu-tim', cont. of yutipa ; yutim iyeya.
yu-tim'-ti-pa, v. red. of yutipa.
yu-tin', cont. of yutica ; yutin iyeya.
yu-tir)'-ta, i;.a. to pull out long hairs, to strip

off long hairs, — mdutiqta.
35

yu-ti'-pa, V. a. to cramp, as muscles ; to make

crisp or draw up, as burnt leather.
yu-ti'-tar), v. a. to pull, — mdutita^, dutitaq.
yu-ti'-tar)-yar), v. a to cause to pull at, — yu-

titaijwaya.
yu-tke'-ya, adv. deeply ; said of a bluff shore

where the water is deep, i. q. yukseya.
yu-tki'-tka, v. yutkitka yuza, to take hold of a

bunch of any thing.
yu-tku'-ga, v. a. to break off square, — mdutku-

ga.
yu-tkut', cont. of yutkuga ; yutkuh iyeya.
yu-tkui)s', cont. of yutkuqza ; yutkuqs iyeya.
yu-tkur)'-tkui)-ta, v. See yukujgtkuqta.
yu-tkur)'-za, v. a. to cut off even, as with shears,

— mdutkuijza.
yu-tku'-tku-ga, v. red. of yutkuga ; to break or

divide in several pieces.
3ru.-tog'-ye, v. a. to make different. See yuto-

keca.
yu-to'-kar), v. a. to put in another pla^e, remove ;

to reject, — mdutokag.
yu-to'-kar)-kar), v. red. of yutokaq ; yutokai)-

kai) iyeya, to scatter abroad.
yu.-to'-kar)-yar), adv. in another plaxx, removed :

yutokaijyai) iyeya.
yu-to'-ke-ea, v. a. to make different, to alter, —

mdutokeca.
yu-to'-na-na, v. a. to diminish, — mdutonana.
yu-to'-to, V. a. to clear off, as a field, — mdutoto.
yu-to'-tom-ya, v. a. to soak and make soft, —

yutotomwaya.
3ru.-to'-to-pa, V. n. to become soft, as leather, by

soaking.
yu-tpa', V. a. noge yutpa, to make deaf ; ista

yutpa, to make blind : yutpapi se haq and yutpa-

pi se iyeya.
yu-tpar)', «). a. to mash or grind fine, as corn, —

mdutpai).
yu-tpar)'-tpar), v. red. of yutpag.
yu-tpa'-tpa, v. red. of yutpa.
yu-tpi', V. a. to crack with the fingers, — mdutpi.
yu-tpi'-tpi, V. red. of yutpi.
yu-tpu'-tpa, V. a. to crumble and throw about ;

to mix up together, — mdutputpa.
yu-tug'-tu-ka, v. red. of yutuka; to pick to

pieces, as furs.
yu-tu'-ka, v. a. to pull off or destroy, as fur ; to

spoil, — mdutuka : yutukahaq, to be pulling off, as

hair, etc.
yu-tu'-ka-ka, v. red. of yutuka ; to bend up, to

hurt, as in a trap ; to destroy, — mdutukaka.
yu-tu'-ta, V. a. to make smart, — mdututa.
yu-tu'-tka, v. a. to break in small pieces, — mdu-

tutka.

YUT

274

YUZ

yu-tu'-tu-ka, v. red. of yutuka.
yu-tu'-tu-pa, V. a. to make slimy or slippery, —

mdututupa.
yu-ta', V. a. to kill ; poskin yuta, to choke to

death, kill by hanging, — mduta.
3ru-tir)s', cont. of yutiijza ; yutiqs iyeya.
yTi-tir)s'-tir)-za, v. red. of yutigza.
yu-tir)'-za, v. a. to draw tight, to tighten, — mdu-

tii)za.
yu-wa'-eiri-hirj-yaij-za, v. a. to make cross,

— mduwacir)liii)yar)za.
yu-"wa'-eir)-ksa-pa, v. a. to make wise, — mdii-

wacii)ksapa.
yu-'wa'-6ii)-tai)-ka, v. a. to make magnanimous ;

to make obstinate, — mduwac'igtaijka.
yu-'wa'-eir)-tor), v. a. to make intelligent, — radu-

wacir)tor).
yu-wa'-Biba-dar), v. a. to make gentle, — mdu-

walibadai).
yu-'wa'-h'ba-ka, v. a. to make mild or gentle, —

mduwaibaka.
yu-"wa'-hpa-ni-ea, v. a. to make poor, — mdu-

walipanica, mayuwalipanica.
yu-"wa'-Me-snl, v. a. to make bad, do badly,

— mduwalitesni.
yu-"wa'-kai), v. a. to set apart, consecrate, —

mduwakai).
yu-"wa'-kar)-yai), adv. consecrating.
yu-'war)g', cont. of yuwaijka ; yuwaijg iyeya.
yu-"war)'-ka, v. a. to throw down, to make lie

down ; to demolish, — mduwaijka.
yu-wax)'-ka-dar), v. a. to make soft or tender, —

mduwaqkadar).
yu-"\war)'-kan, v. yuwankan icu, to lift or raise

up ; yuwai)kan iyeya.
yu.-'war)'-kan-tu-ya, adv. upwards, above.
yu--war)'-kai)-yar(, adv. up.
yu-'wa'-s'ag, cont. of yuwa^'aka ; yuwas'ag iyeya.
yu-"wa'-s'ag-ya, v. a. to cause to make strong,

— yuwa^'agwaya.
yu-"W"a'-s'a-ka, v. a. to make strong, strengthen,

— mduwas'aka, uijyiiwas'akapi.
yu-"wa'-sa-ka-dar), v. a. to make cheap or easy,

— mdu wasakadai) .
yu-'wa'-s'a-ke-sni, v. a. lo make weak, enfeeble,

— mduwas'akesni.
yu-^wa'-ste, v. a. to make good, to bless, — mdu-

waste, uijyuwa^tepi.
yu-"we'-ei, v. See yueci.
yu-Tve'-ga, v. a. to break, as a stick, with the

hands, but not entirely off ; to break, as a bone,

— mduwega, ui)yuwegapi.
yu-weh', cont. of yuwega ; yuweh iyeya.
yu-"weh'-"we-ga, v. red. of yuwega.
yu-vreh'-'weli, cont. of yuwehwega.

yu-'weh'-ya, v. a. to cause to break, etc., — yu-
wehwaya.

yu-'wi', V. a. to wrap around, bind up, bandage,
— mduwi, ujjyuwipi.

yu-"wi'-ea-ka, v. a. to make true ; to prove,
convince ; to show that a cause is true, to esta-
blish it, — mduwicaka.

yu-'wn.'-ea-sta, v. a. to make manly : yuwic'asta
se UT), one who is bad but always wishes to be
thought good.

yu-^wi'-ea-eta-sni, v. a. to seduce, corrupt, —
mduwicastasni.

yu-'wi '-hnu-ni, v. a. to cause to perish, to de-
stroy,— mduwihnuni.

yu-'wi'-hnu-ni-yar), v. a. to cause to destroy, —
yuwihnuniwaya.

yu.-'wi'-no-Mr)-ca, v. a. to make a woman of, to
render effeminate, — mduwinohiq c'a.

yu.-'wirj'-ga, v. a. to turn around, turn back, —
mduwiijga.

yu-"wir)fi', cont. of yuwi^ga ; yuwiijli iyeya.

3ru-'wii)li'-'wii)-ga, v. red. of yuwii)ga.

yu-"wlr)li'-ya, adv. coining round : yuwiijhya,
hdicu.

yu-'wiijs', cont. of yuwiijza ; yuwiri^ iyeya.

yu-vn.i)s'-'wii)-za, v. red. of yuwiijza.

yu-'wlr)s'-ya, v. a. to cause to bend down, — yu-
wiijswaya.

jru.-'wirj'-ta, v. a. to spread out the hands, to
worship ; to salute. The ceremony of salutation,
among the Dakotas, consists in extending the
hand towards the person saluted. It is, however,
I believe, confined to their feasts.

yu-'wir)'-za, v. a. to bend or break down, — nidu-
wirjia.

yu-'wi '-tai), v. a. to honor one, to glorify, — mdu-
wi tai).

yu-'wi'-ta-ya, v. a. to collect together, assemble,
— mduwitaya.

yu-'wi'-ta-ya, adv. all together, assembled.

yu-'wl'-tko, V. a. to make drunk, — mduwitko.

yu-'wi'-tko-tko, v. a. to make foolish, — mdu-
witkotko.

yu-"wi'-tko-tko-ka, v. a. to make foolish, —
mduwitkotkoka.

yu-"wi'-ya-ya, v. a. lo make ready, prepare.
See yuwiyeya.

yu-'wi'-ye-ya, v. a. to make ready, prepare, —
mduwiyeya.

yu-"WO'-hdu-ze, v. a. to make wohduze, —
— mduwohduze.

yu-'Wo'-hdu-ze-tor), v. a. to consecrate, dedi-
cate,— yuwohduzewatoi).

yu'-za, V. a. to take hold of, catch, hold ; to take
a wife, — mduza, duza, uijzapi.

YUZ

275

ZIT

3ni-za'-hai), v. a. to make a noise, as by tearing

cloth, — mduzahai).
yu-za'-nmi, v. a. to open, uncover ; to open

out, as a door, — mduzamni ; yuzamni ehde, to

set open.
3ru-za'-mni-har), adv. standing open : ynzamni-

hai) ehde.
yu-za'-mni-mni, v. red. of yuzamni.
yu-zai)', V. a. to part or separate, as high grass ;

to push aside or raise up, as a curtain, — mduzai).
jTU-za'-pa-pi-se, adv. with a rush, impetuously :

yuzapapise napeuijyaijpi.
yu-ze', V. a. to dip, lade out, as food from a

kettle ; to skim, — mduze, duze, uqzepi.
yu-zi'-ea, v. a. to stretch, as a sMn, — mduzica.
yu-zig'-zi-ea, v. red. of yuzica ; to stretch,

make pliable, — mduzigzic'a.
3ru-zin', cont. of yuzica ; stretching : en yuzin

amaiipi, they stretch it to me, they charge all

upon me : yuzin ic'u, to stretch.
yu-zog', cont. of yuzoka ; yuzog ic'u.
yu-zo'-ka, v. a. to stretch out from one, — mdu-

zoka.
yu-zun'-ya, adv. connectedly.
3ru.-zur)'-ea, v. a. to connect. See yuzuijta.
yu-zur)'-ea-ya, adv. connectedly.
3ru-zui)'-ta, v. a. to connect, — mduzuijta.
yu-za', v. a. to mash ; to stir up, as mush, to

make mush, — mduia, uijyuiapi.
yu-zag', cont. of yuiaka ; yuzag iyeya.
yu-za'-h£ii), v. a. to make a jarring noise, —

mduiahai).
yu-za'-hai), adj. sounding.
3ru-za'-he-ya, adv. sounding, harshly.
jni-za'-ka, V. a. to pull open, strain open, as the

eyes, — mduiaka.
yu-za'-pi, part, mixed up, as mush ; i. q. wo-

iapi.
jTU-za'-za, V. a. to wash, as clothes, etc., — mdu-

iaia, duiaia, ui)za^api and ui)yuiaiapi.
jni-zim', or jruzib, cont. of yuiipa ; yuiim

iyeya.
yu-zim'-na-na, adv. pinching a little : yuiim-

nana mduza.
3ru-ziin'-zi-pa, v. red. of yuiipa.
3ru-zir)', V. a. to stretch out, as a skin on a board

or stick, — mduziq.
YOriix)' -CB., V. a. to pull or blow, as the nose, —

mduziijda : poge yuiiijca.
3ru-zi'-pa, V. a. to pinch, — mduzipa, mayuiipa.
yu-zip'-zi-pa. See yuiimiipa.
yu-zo', V. a. to scratch, — mduio.
yu-zo'-ha^, n. a scratch.
yu-zo'-zo, V. red. of yuio ; to scratch or make

rough, as cats, by clawing, — mduioio.

yu-zui)', V. a. to pull out by the-roots, as a tooth
or quill ; to pull up, as any thing growing, —
mduiui).

3ru.-zu'-zii, V. a. to tear down, destroy, deface ; to
pull in pieces, undo, open, as a bundle ; to make
void, as an agreement, etc., — mduiuiu, ui)yuzu-
iupi and ugiuiupi.

Z, the twenty-eighth letter of the Dakota alphabet,
with the same sound as in English.

za. See yuza.

za-hai)', adj. See zazahaij.

Za'-ke, n. p. the Sac or Sauk Indians.

za'-mni. See yuzamni.

za'-mni-hai), part, uncovered.

za'-mni-"wa-hai), part, uncovered.

za-ni', adj. well, not sick, — mazani, uijzanipi :
also said of a part of the country from which the
game has not been hunted, unmolested.

za-ni'-ka, adj. healthy, sound, well, — mazanika.

za-ni'-ken, adv. in health.

za-ni'-yai), adv. well, in health ; zaniyaij waurj.

za-ni'-yar)-ken, adv. in health.

zar)-zar)', adv. separate, standing far apart, as
stalks of grass.

zar)-zai)'-na', adv. scattered, standing far apart.

za'-ptar), num. adj. five.

za'-ptar)-ki-ya, adv. in five ways, in five
places.

za'-ptar)-na, adv. only five.

za'-ptai)-ptar), adv. by fives, five apiece.

za-za'-hai), adj. ragged.

ze, adj. disturbed. See canze.

ze'-ka, adj. disturbed. See canzeka.

ze'-ya, v. a. to make angry, — zewaya, zemayai).

ze-ze'-ya, adv. swinging : zezeya ehnaka.

zi, adj. yellow.

zib-zi'-pe-dai), adj. thin, fine, as silk or fine
cloth.

zi'-6a. See yuzica.

zi-ca', n. the reddish grey squirrel, common in
the Dakota country.

zl'-ea, n. the partridge or pheasant.

zi-ea'-ho-ta, n. the common grey squirrel, the
grey ground-squirrel.

zi'-ca-tar)-ka, n. the turkey.

zi'-ea-ti-hda-bu-daQ, n. the drumming par-
tridge.

zig-zi'-ea, adj. fiimsy, not firm ; elastic.

zin-y a', v. a. to smoke, fumigate, — zinwaya.

zi'-pe-dar(, adj. thin, fine. See zibzipedag.

zip-zi'-pe-dai), adj. See zibzipedaq.

zi'-ta, V. n. to smoke. See izita.

ZIT

278

zuz

zi-tka', n. a bird, birds of all kinds.

zi-tka'-ear)-Bipai)-na, n. a small bird with a
large bill.

zi-tka'-dar), n. the generic rwmefor small birds.

zi-tka'-sdi-dar), n. a kind of bird.

zl-tka'-tar)-ka, n. the common blackbird.

zi-tka'-'wa-kai)-tai)-h.ar), n. the magpie, i. q.
uijkcekilia.

zi-ya', V. a. to dye or -paint yellow, — ziwaya.

zi-ya', adj. yellowish.

zi-zi', adj. red. of zi ; yellow.

zi-zi'-pe-dar), adj. Jine, thin. See zibzipedai).

zu-hag', adj. striped.

zu-hai)'-har), adj. red. striped.

zu-he'-ya, adv. in a striped manner.

zun-y a', adv. well, correctly ; joined : zunya ec'a-
moi).

zun-ya'-ken, adv. well, correctly,

zuQ'-ea, adj. joined together, connected ; braided,
woven.

zui)'-ea-ya, adv. connectedly.

zuij'-ta, adj. connected, braided, woven together.

zui)'-te-sni, adj. incorrect, disjoined, as lan-
guage.

ziir)-zir)'-ea, n. the yellow-hammer, a kind of
bird.

zu-ya', V. n. to go on a war party, to make war ;
to lead out a war party, — zuwaya, zuyaya, zuuij-
yaijpi.

zu-ye'-ciQ, n. the maker or leader of a war
party.

zu-zu'-hai), adj. striped.

zu-zu'-he-ea-dar), n. the common striped ground-
snake.

Z, the twenty-ninth letter of the Dakota alphabet,

having nearly the sound of the French j or

English zh.
za. See yuia.
zag, cont. of iata.

zag-zan'-ya, adv. red. of ianya ; forkedly.
zag-za'-ta, adj. red, of iata; forked, brushy,

rough.
za-hai)', adj. rough, harsh, making a loud noise,

as an animal ; ho iahaq.
za-har)'-har), adj. rough, unpleasant, grating:

ho zahaijhai).
za-he'-ya, adv. roughly, harshly, not melodious,

as the voice : iaheya ia.
za'-ka, adj. rolling or straining, as the eyes.

See yuzaka.
ian, cont. of zata.
zan-ya', adv. forkedly : zanya haq.

zar)-zar)', n. a vial, a bottle, a glass of any kind,

tvindow-glass : ^ina zaqzai), a red blanket, so

called by the Missouri Indians.
zar)-zai)'-hde-pi, n. a window. See ozaijiai)-

hdepi.
za'-ta, adj. forked, as a stick, stream, etc. ; dou-
ble or forked, lying or false, as the tongue :

ceii iata, to lie, speak falsely. Henok says this

use of the word has been introduced by white

people,
za-za'. See yuiaia.
za-za'-ya, adj. exposed ; i. q. Mayehna.
zi, adj. thin and bristly, as the hair on the

hands and arms, also like a young duck : pteii-

cadai) ha kii) he ' ii.'
zi'-ea, adj. rich, — maiica. See iiica and wi-

zica.
zi-ca'-ka, adj. rich, — maiicaka.
zi'-dar), adj. thin and bristly, as hair.
zin-ya', v, a. to make rich, — iinwaya. See wi-

zinya.
zin-ya', adv. richly.

zin-ye'-6a, v. a. to make rich, — zinwayeda.
zir), V. n. to stand erect, stiffen up, — raaiii).
zir)-ea', v, n. to snuff up ; to hiss, — waiiijca, uij-

zijjcapi. See yuiiijca.
zi'-pa. See kazipa.
zi-pa'-hax), part. See zipahec'a.
zi-pa'-he-ca, pari, becoming smooth or hollowed

out of itself, i. q. h'apeca.
zi'-ya, adv. thin and standing up, as hair ; thin,

scattered, and sparkling in the sunbeams.
zi-zi', V. to whisper, — waiizi, yaiizi, lujziiipi.
zi-zi'-do-war), v. to sing in a low, whispering,

drawling manner, as the Dakota women do when

lulling their infants to sleep, — iiiiwadowag, iiii-

uqdowaijpi.
zi-zi'-ya, adv. red, of iiya ; standing up, as the

hair on one's hand.
zi-zi'-ya-har), adv, whispering,
zo, V. to whistle, as a man does, — waio, yaio, uij-

iopi.
zo-zo', V, red, of zo ; to whistle, whistle for, as

for young ducks, — waioio, u^ioiopi. See ki-

ioio.
zo-zo'-do-wai), V, to whistle a tune, — iozowa-

dowag.
zo-zo'-ka, n, a jish-hawk,
ZU, V, a, to put, place, lay up, — waiu, yaiu, ui)-

iupi.
zui). See yuiuq.
zu'-zu. See kaiuiu, etc.
zu-zu'-har), part. See iuzuwahaq.
zu-zu'-wa-hai), part, broken, fallen to pieces,

demolished, as a house ; become loose, etc

APPENDIX.

[When Mr. R. Craighead's printing-offlce was burnt on the 22d of January of the present year, between twenty-
five and thirty pages of the manuscript of Part I. were consumed. With the assistance of the Rev. S. W. Pond
of the Dakota Mission, who was then in Connecticut, this loss was repaired better than, at the time, we dared to
hope for. The lost words extended from ' apa ' nearly to the end of the letter ' a.' The printing was immediately
recommenced ; and as soon as this portion was completed, the sheets were sent to Dr. T. S. Williamson, at Kaposia,
Minnesota, with the request that they might be compared with the Dictionaries there, and that, as soon as practicable,
he would forward a list of the words omitted. A few days before the concluding sheets of this part of the work went
to press, this list was received, and it is here inserted as an Appendix.

S. E. R.]

APA

AWI

a-pa'-ha-dar)-ka, adv. Mil-like, convexly.
a-pa'-hdu-ste, v. n. to be lame, to limp.
a-pa'-kpi, v. a. to crack on any thing, as a louse.
a-pa'-si, V. of pasi ; to follow after, to do after

another.
a-pa'-si-sa, v. of pasisa ; to sew on, to patch.
a-pa'-spe-ya, adv. passim; off, as clouds.
a-pa'-sdi, v. a. to squeeze out on.
a-pa'-sdl-ya, adv. squeezing out on.
a-pa'-si-pa, v. of pa^ipa ; to break off close on.
a-pa'-tpi, V. Same as apakpi.
a-pa'-tus, cont. of apatuia ; stooping down on.
a-pa'-tus-ya, adv. in a stooping manner.
a-pe'-co-ka-dar), and apeeokanhedar), n. a

species of fish.
a-pe'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to wait for, — apewa-

kiya.
a-po'-pa, v. n. to burst on any thing.
a-po'-pa-hai), part, bursting.
a-po'-zajj, v. to blow out on.
a-pu'-ski-ea, v. a. to press down tight on.
a-pu'-skin, cont. of apusMc'a.
a-pu'-skem-ya, adv. in a filtering manner.
a-pu'-ske-pa, v. to filter on any thing.
a-pu'-spa, V. a. to stick on, — awapuspa.
a-pu'-spe-ya, adv. sticking on.
a-pu'-tir)S, cont. of aputi^za.
a-pu'-tir)S-tii)S, cont. of aputiijsti^za.
a-pu'-tir)S-tii)S-ya, adv. firmly.
a-pu'-tir)S-tir)-za, v. red. of aputiijza.
a-pu'-tir)S-ya, adv. firmly.
a-pu'-tir)-za, v. a. to press down hard upon.
a-sa'-ze-sni, adj. inconstant ; unchaste.
a-sda'-ya, v. a. to grease over any thing,
a-s'ag', cont. of as'aka ; as'ag yaijka.
a-si'-ca-ho-"wa-ya, v. to bemoan, — awa^icaho-

wamda.

a-si'-Mir), v. n. to be miserable on account of.

a-si'-Mir)-ya, adv. poorly, miserably.

a-sni'-yag-yar), v. n. to crawl, creep.

a-ta'-ku-ni-sni, v. n. to come to nothing, — ama-
takunisni.

a-ta'-om, cont. of ataoi)pa.

a-ta'-om-ya, adv. leaning.

a-ta'-oi)-pa, v. n. to lean, as the sun does in the
afternoon.

a-ta'-to-har), and atatoheya, adv. to the wind-
ward.

a-ti'-hna-ka, and atihnagya, adv. near to.

a-tir)', and atiQka, adv. tolerably well.

a-to'-ke-ea, v. n. to be different from : atokeda
sni, there is no difference.

a-ur)'-ye-ya, v. a. of auijyai) ; to cause to be on.

a-ur)'-ye-ya, v. n. to approach from the wind-
ward.

a-uri'-ye-ya-pi, n. a species of berry, which if
approached from the windward is said to be bit-
ter, but if from the opposite direction, sweet.

a-'wa'-cirj-ken, adv. thinking of, intent upon.

a-vra'-hiri-he, v. to snow upon.

a-'wa'-hir)-he-ya, v. a. to cause to snow on.

a-Ava'-hirj-he-ya, adv. snmoing upon.

a-Awa'-hpa-lii, v. n. to become poor. See awa-
hpaniea.

a-vra'-ke-ya, v. a. to cover over, to curtain, —
awakewaya.

a-"wa'-ke-ya-pi, n.

a-Tva'-ste-ka, v. n.

a-"wi'-ca-8'a, n. shouting.

a-Avi'-ea-ya-spu-ya, n. the itch.

a-'wi'-hnu-ni, v. n. to come to naught.

a--wi'-hnu-ni-yar), v. a. to use up, destroy, —
awihnuniwaya.

a'-wi-tu-ka-dar), adv. exceedingly ; familiarly.

curtains.

to be good, to befit.

AYA

278

AZI

a-yai)'-pa, v. n. to become light on ; to endure

until morning, — amayaqpa.
a-ya'-ta-ya, and ayatayaken, adv. by guess.
a-ya'-te-ya, v. a. to cause to foretell.
a-yu'-gir), v. n. to slumber, — amdugig.
a-3ru.'-liinu-za, v. to shut, as the hand, ore any

thing.
a-yu'-fia, v. n. to become attached to.
A-yu'-liba, or lyuhba, w. p. {sleepy ones) the

Iowa Indians.
a-yu'-kaq, v. to go around, leave unmolested.
a-yu'-kar)-yar), adv. going around.
a-yu'-ki-pam, adv. separately, divided.
a-yu'-ki-pa-tu-za, v. a. to cause to stoop or bow

down on.

a-yu'-smir), v. a. to make all bare, — amdusmig.

a-yus'-o, V. of yuso ; to wade after.

a-yu'-ta, v. a. to cover up with earth. See akata.

a-yu'-t'ar), v. a. to touch, — amdut'ai).

a-yu'-to kar), v. a. to put aside a little.

a-yu'--wa-kar), v. a. to make wakag with or
for.

a-yu'--war)-kan, v. a. to exalt.

a-yu'-'wi-da-ka, v. a. to assure one.

a-zai)', adv. See azaqzai^ka.

a-zai)'-zai)-ka, or azazaka, adv. thinly, stand-
ing at a distance from each other.

a-zi'-ta, v. n. to smoke or burn as incense. See
izita.

PART II.

ENGLISH-DAKOTA

ACK

a, art. indef. war).

abaft', adv. wahektapatarihar).

aban'don, v. a. eipeya.

aban'doned, jxirt. etpeyapi.

abase', v. a. yuhukuya.

abas'ed, part, yuhukun iyeyapi.

abash', v. a. istenya.

abash'ed, part, wisteo'a ; isten-
yapi.

abate', v. a. yuoptetu ; as wa-
ter, alo.

abat'ing, part, iwastedai) aya.

abbre'viate, v. a. yuptecedai).

abdo'men, n. tezi ; nige ; ikpi.

abed', adv. makan waijka.

abet', V. a. iciya.

abhor', v. a. sicedaka ; walite-
dasni.

abhor'red, part, wahtedapisni.

abide', v. n. ouqyaq ; en yaijka ;
mdog yai)ta.

abil'ity, n. wicokihi.

ab'ject, adj. oijsika ; sihtiq.

a'ble, adj. wawokihi ; to be
able, okihi.

a'bly, adv. wawokihiya ; iyoki-
hiya.

abode', n. tipi ; oyaijke.

abol'ish, v. a. yutakuni^ni ; yu-
iuzu ; yuecetusni.

abom'inable, adj. wattesni ;
sica.

abom'inate, v. a. walitedasni.

aborig'ines, n. ikcewic'asta.

abort', v. a. okaskai) toq.

abor'tion, n. okaskai) toQpi ;
oitkotpa.

abor'tive, adj. itkotpa ; una-
vailing, okitpani.

abound', v. n. ota toi).

about', prep, oksaq ; ihduksar).
above', prep, iwaijkam.
above', ao?«. waijkan ; waijkan-

tu ; akan ; akautu.
abreast', adv. ooimdagehai) ;

ipatkuga.
abridge', v. a. yuptecedai).
abroad', adv. manin ; wic'isni-

yaq ; ti tokai} iyaya, he has gone

to another house ; taijkan iyaya,

gone out.
ab'rogate, v. a. yuzuiu.
abrupt', adj. as a steep place,

maya hiqda.
abscond', v. n. na^ica ; nahma-

na iyaya.
ab'sence, n. en uqpi ^ni.
ab'sent, adj. en yaqke sni ; en

ui) sni ; toki iyaya.
ab'solutely, adv. itaijcaijkiya.
absolve', v. a. edetusni ya ; ki-

diyawa sni.
absorb', v. a. kahtaq ; yuhepa.
absorb'ent, n. okahtaijye.
abste'mious, adj. iyatalideiiJiye

^ni.
abstruse', adj. okahnih tehika.
abun'dance, n. ota ; utkaijna.
abun'dant, adj. wizica ; wase-

ca; icewii).
abun'dantly, adv. iyaki(Juya.
abuse', v. a. sicaya kuwa ; tehi-

ya kuwu.
abu'sively, adv. icaqksiya.
abyss', n. osmaka temahentuya.
accede', v. n. wicada.
accel'erate, v. a. duskiya ; ina-

hni ya.
accel'erating, pari, yuinahni-

yai).

accept', v. a. ic'u.
accept'able, adj. oiyokipi.
accept'ably, adv. iyokipiya.
ac'cessory, adj. okiya.
ac'cident, n. wanui) ecoi)pi.
accident'aUy, adv. wanuq.
acclama'tion, n. a^'api.
accliv'ity, n. hmjnapta^.
accom'pany, v. a. kici ya ; om

ya; opa.
accom'plish, v. a. ecoi) ; yu-

stai) ; yuecetu ; ec'etuya.
accord', v. n. otkoijza.
accord'ing to, prep, eciyatai)-

hai) ; hecen ; iyecen.
accost', V. a. okiya.
account', v. a. yawa ; wayawa ;

iyawa.
accu'mulate, v. a. mnayaij ;

kamna.
accu'mulate, v. n. icaga.
accu'mulated, part, kamnag-

pi.
ac'curate, adj. owotaijna.
ae'curately, adv. hecetu.
accusa'tion, n. wiyaoijpapi ;

waaiapi.
accuse', v. a. iyaogpa ; en aya.
accus'er, n. wiyaoijpe ciq.
aceus'tomed,^a>-<. accustomed

to, ecewakta ; akiho.
ache, V. n. yazai).
achieve', v. a. ecoi) ; yustai).
achieve 'ment, n. woecoi).
a'cid, adj. skuya.
a'cid, n. wiskuye.
acid'ify, v. a. skuyeya.
acknowl'edge, v. a. ohdaka.
ackno-wl'edgment, n. wo-

hdakapi.

AGO

280

AGG

a'corn, n. uta ; uskuyec'a ; pe-

ksu ; petsudaq.
acquaint', V. a. sdonyeya; oki-

yaka.
acquaint 'ed,^ar/. sdonkiciya-

pi, they know each other.
acquire', «). a. kamna; yamna;

okini.
acquit', v. a. ba ini ; jmowotag-

na ; kiyuska.
a'crid, adj. pa.
across', adv. hdakiijyai) ; opta ;

across a river, akasaqpa ; across

by a near way, kokam ; ako-

kam.
act, V. a. ecor) ; haq ; ohaijyag.
act, n. wicohai).
ac'tion, w. woecoij ; wicohaij.
ac'tive, adj. minihec'a ; ohaqko ;

haijdita.
ac'tively, adv. minihenya ;

oharikoya ; haijditaya.
activ'ity, n. ominiheca.
acute', adj. pesto.
ad'age, n. iapi.
adapta'tion, n. iyecetuyapi.
add, V. a. yuwitaya.
add'ed, part, kokizuyapi.
addiet'ed, part, addicted to,

ecoi) s'a ; ecewakta.
addi'tion, n. yuwitayapi.
address', v. a. okiya.
adept', n. wayupike ciq.
ad'equate, adj. iyec'etu ; okihi.
adhere', v. n. to cause to

adhere, askamya : adhere to,

askapa ; ikoyaka.
adhe'sively, adv. askamya.
adja'cent, adv. idahda ; ikiya-

da^.
adjoin', v. n. ipuskica.
adjoin'ing, part, idahda hai).
adjourn', v. a. enakiya.
adjudge', v. a. yado.
adjust', V. a. yuedetu ; piya.
adjust' edi, part, yuecetupi; pi-

yapi.
ad'Hiirable, adj. iyokipi ; oiyo-

kipi ; wa^te.
admire', v. a. wastedaka.
admir'ed, part, wastedakapi.
admit', v. permit, iyowiqkiya ;
be large enough to receive, kipi,

okipi ; assent to, wicada.
admon'ish, v. a. wahokorikiya ;

iyopeya.
admon'ished, jmrt. iyopeyapi ;

wahokoijkiyapi.

admoni'tion, n. wowahokoij-

kiye.
ado', n. oko : to make ado about,

aokoya.
adopt', v. a. tawakiya ; di^da

yawa ; ciqdaya ; diijda iyeden

yuha.
adop'tion, n. diijda yawapi.
ador'able, adj. okinihaij ; kini-

haijpi.
adora'tion, n. wakaridapi ; wo-

ohoda.
adore', v. a. wakagda ; ohoda ;

kinihai).
ador'ed, part, ohodapi ; ahoki-

papi.
adorn', v. taku wa^te koyoka ;

kihdapa.
adom'ing, n. wokoyake waste.
adrift', adv. okahboka.
adroit', adj. wayupika.
adroit'ly, adv. wayupiya.
adult', n. tuwe hoksike sni ;

tuwe ugdihi.
adul'terate, v. a. taku tokeda

ididahiya.
adul'terer, n. ) wawidihahapi
adul'teress, n. j edo^ s'a.
adul'tery, n. wawidihahapi ;

wiinahmaripi.
adum'brate, v. a. aha^ziya.
advance', v. n. ya ; iyopta : to

go before, tokata ya ; kahinto-

kam mani.
advEinc'ing, part, iyoptapi.
ad'vent, n. hipi.
adven'turous, adj. wadita-

ka.
ad'versary, n. toka.
adver'sity, n. idansidapi ; wo-

sice ; woiyoki^ide.
advert', v. advert to, daieyata ;

cazehdata ; ekta ewadig.
advertise', v. a. oyaka.
advice', n. wowahokoijkiye.
advise', v. a. wahokoijkiya.
advis'ed, part, wahokoijkiya-

pi.
advis'er, n. wahokogwidakiye

dig.
ad'vocate, v. a. idiya.
ad'vocate, n. wawidiya.
adze, n. dan-idakaq.
afar', adv. tehai).
affable, adj. wohdake s'a.
afikir', n. woedoi) ; taku edoijpi.
afffec'tionate, adj. wadaijtki-

ya.

affi'ance, v. a. yuipa ; wohpa.
afii'anced, part, wohpapi.
aflB.rm', v. a. kitaq ; eya kitaij.
affirma'tion, n. kitaqpi.
affix', V. a. en kaga ; akaga.
afflict', V. a. iyokisinya ; kakii-

ya.
afflict'ed, part, iyokisinyapi ;

kaMsyapi.
afflic'tion, n. wokakdze.
affluent, adj. wizida; watoq-

ka ; waseda.
affluence, n. woyuha ota.
affbrd', v. a. to be able, okihi ;
to be willing, widada ; to pro-
duce, idahya.
SLSright', V. a. yusiijyeya ; ini-

haijyaq ; wakokipekidaga.
afiright'ed, part. yuMiiyaya;

inihai).
aflPiright'edly, adv. inihaijyai).
aflMght'ing, adj. wawinihaij.
aiiront', v. a. car)te oki(Juninya.
afftont'ed, part, ca^ksi ; dai|-

niyar) ; sihda.
afloat', adv. okapota ; akapon.
afoot', adv. huiyui] ; huyaken

mani.
afraid', adj. kopehda ; koMpe-

yahai) : afraid of, ikopa ; koki-

pa ; toijhai) ; toqheda.
afresh', adv. ake ; piya.
aft, n. wahektapata.
after, adv. hakam.
after, prep, ihakam ; iyoha-

kam ; iliektam ; ahakam.
after-act, n. iyohakam eco^pi.
afternoon, n. wiyotaqhaij sai)-

pa ; wiyotai)hai) inasdoka ; wi-

ataomya yaijka.
afterwards, adv. hakam ;

iyohakam ; ihakamya ; oha-

kam ; ocim.
again', adv. ake ; ake^ ; ak^a.
against', prep, ka^eya : against

the wind, tatoheya ; tatohekiya :

against the grain, apahatka ;

leaning against, atakiijyai) ;

over against, iyotakoi)s ; itaka-

saijpa.
age, n. of age, hoksike sni ; uij-

dilii.
a'ged, adj. wanakas wota ; kai) :

an aged man, baha ; wicahiqca :

an old woman, wakaijka.
a'gent, n. tuwe edoijkiyapi.
ag'grandize, v. a. yutaijka;

wiiica kaga.

AGG

281

ANG

ag'gregate, v. a. yuwitaya ;

kokiiuya.
aggress', v. a. anataij ; iyai-

paya.
aggres'sion, n. anawicatagpi.
ag'ile, adj. duzahai) ; ohaijko.
agil'ity, n. ohaijwicako.
ag'itate, v. a. yucagcag ; yu-

huhuza.
ag'itated, ^r<. skaq^kaij : agi-
tated as water when something

falls into it, aga.
ago', adv. long ago, wanakaza ;

tanihaq ; ehaqna.
ag'onize, v. iyokisini^Jiya.
ag'onized, part, nina yazag ;

yazaij hiijhda.
ag'ony, n. nina yazaijpi.
agree', v. ecitapa : agree in

opinion, iyecen waciijyuza ; ki-

ci tidaij.
agree'able, adj. as weather,

owa^tedake : as a woman, wi-

wa^teka.
agreed', part. okogwaijiidaq

awaciijpi.
ag'rioulture, «. mahkicaqyaq-

pi.
aground', adv. azi.
a'gue, n. wicaoaqcaq ; caij-

daijpi.
a'gue, V. to have the ague, caij-

cai).
ah', intj. hehehe.
aha', intj. ahaghaq.
ahead', adv. tokata.
aid, V. a. 6kiya.
aid, n. wawokiye.
ald'ed, part, okiyapi.
ail, V. to be ailing, yazai).
aim, V. n. mazakai) epazo.
air, n. aqptaniya : air in mo-
tion, okaduza ; tateyagpa.
air'y, adj. iyokaduza.
alarm', n. iksuyapi.
alarm', v. a. yusigyeya.
alarm'ed, part, kopehda ; yu-

^iqyaya ; iksuya; nihil) ciya.
alas', intj. hehehe.
al'cohol, n. mini-wakai).
al'der, «. caputa.
alert', adj. ohaijko.
a'lien, n. oyate tokeca etaij-

hai).
alight', V. n. ipsica.
alike', adv. iyececa.
alive', adj. ni ui) ; niyake : to

take alive, niyake yuza.
36

all, adj. owasii) ; odowasii) ;
iyuhpa; osai) : all day, aijpetu

osai) : all over, owaijcaya;

sitomniyai).
allay', v. a. yuwaste.
allege', v. a. oyaka.
al'legory, n. wiyacigpi.
alle'viate, v. a. waste kaga.
alli'ance, n. okodakiciye ; da-

konkiciyapi.
alli'ed, part, dakota.
allot', V. a. pamni.
allot'ment, n. wopamni.
allo'w', V. a. iyowiijkiya ; t:u.
allure', v. a. hnayaij.
almigh'ty, n. iyotaq was'ake

dii).
al'most, adv. i^nikaes.
alms, n. wahpanica wawi(5ai:u-

pi.
aloft', adv. waqkan ; waijkan-

tu.
alone', adv. nana : I alone, mi^-

nana ; thou alone, niinana ; he

alone, i^nana : that only, with-
out any thing extraneous, ece-

dai) ; he<5edai).
aloud', adv. to read aloud, tai)-

iijyai) yawa : speak aloud, eya

niyai).
Eil'phahet, n. oowagptaya.
alread'y, adv. warina.
al'so, adv. nakug ; kokta ; ko ;

koya.
al'tar, n. wahna wo^napi ; owa-

yu^na.
al'ter, v. a. yutokeca; piya

kaga.
al'terable, adj. togye kahpi-

caka.
alterca'tion, n. wakinic'api.
alter 'nately, adv. wa;)zi ito-

kto ; uijma itoto ; otoiyohi.
although', conj. 'kei ; kaes ;

kaed ; keyas ; ce^ ; ^es ; e^ta.
altogeth'er, adv. ptaya; wi-

taya.
al'iun, n. wiskuye.
al'vrays, adv. ohigniyaij.
am, V. n. I am, waui).
amal'gamate, v. a. yuidic'ahi.
amanuen'sis, n. wowapi kaga.
amass', v. a. kaiuna ; ezu aya.
amaze', v. a. yusiijyeya.
amaz'ed,^ar<. yusiijyaya; ini-

hai).
ambig'uous, adj. token kapi

taQiq sni. ,

amhi'tious, adj. wohitii^Jida ;

wicaita tai)ka diij.
am'bush, n. anahbeya yukaij-

pi ; iyawicapepi : to lie in wait

for, iyape.
a'men, adv. nuqwe.
amend', v. n. wasteyaken aya.
amend', v. a. piya kaga ; yu-

zoi)ta.
amen'ity, n. woiyokipi.
Amer'icaji, n. Isaijtaijka.
a'miable, adj. tawacii) waste ;

oliai) waste ; waste hiqca.
amidst', prep, cokam ; cokata.
amiss', adj. hecetu ^ni ; sica.
amiss', adv. Mcaya.
am'ity, n. dakonkiciyapi.
ammuni'tion, n. 6ah.di }^&

mazasu ; ikute and icute.
among' or amongst, prep, ki-

6i ; cm ; ehna.
amount', n. ocowasiij.
am 'pie, adj. taqka; wopteca

sni.
am'putate, v. a. hu kaksa ; hu

baksa.
am'ulet, n. arm-bands, maza-

huhu.
amuse', v. a. magagaya.
amuse'ment, n. imagagayapi.
an, indef. art. waij ; an ox, ta-

taijka wai).
anal'ogy, n. wiyaciqpi.
an'archy, n. iyakitedag kici-

zapi.
anath'ema, n. wicaya^icapi.
an'cestor, n. huijkake ; wica-

huqkake.
anch'or, v. aspeya.
anch'or, n. maza aspei(Jiya : to

cast anchor, maza aspei^iya

minin ehpeya.
anch'orage, n. oihuni.
an'oient, adj. wanakaia.
and, conj. ^a,; ^a ; urikaij ; na-

kuq.
an'eedote, n. kituijkaijkapi.
anevr', adv. piya.
an'gel, n. mahpiya ohnihde;

waliosi wakai).
an'ger, n. wocaqteptaijye ; wo-

cai)tahde ; wo^ihda ; wodaijni-

ye-

an'gle, n. a corner, oise ; ka-

limii).
an'gle, V. to fish, hopsica ; ho-

yupsica.
an'grily, adv. c'aqksiya.

ANG

282

AS

an'gry, adj. sihda ; cagniyai) ;

cai)teptar)yaij ; caijksi.
an'guish, n. woiyokisice ; caq-

te ^icapi.
an'imal, n. woteea ; wamaniea :

domestic animals, wanugyagpi.
an'iinate, v. a. oniya : to cheer,

caqtekaspeya ; iyopa^taka.
an'imated, part, iditaka.
an'kle, n. iskahu.
annex', v. a. akaga ; en akaga.
anni'hilate, v. a. ihaqgya ; yu-

takimisni.
anni'hilated, ^ar<. atakunisni;

iliaggyapi.
announce', v. a. oyaka ; ie-

yagpalia.
annoy', v. a. kisdeya ; nagiye-

an'nual, adj. waniyetu eca.
annu'ity, n. wawic'akicupi.
annul', v. a. yuecetu sni.
anoint', v. a. sdaya ; sdakiya ;

iui) ; ikiui).
cinoint'ed, part, sdayapi.
anon'ymous, adj. caie wani-

ca.
anoth'er, adj. tokec'a ; tokai).
an's"wer, n. woayupte.
an'sAver, v. a. ayupta ; wa-

ayupta.
an's'werer, n. waayupte ciij.
ant, M. tazu^ka.
antag'onist, n. kici kicize cii).
ant'eater, n. susbeca.
an'telope, n. tatokadar).
an'tie, adj. wowihaya.
ant'ler, n. he yugata.
an'vil, n. mazahde.
a'nus, n. oijze.

anxi'ety, n. wawicakihdecapi.
anx'ious, adj. anxious about,

wakibdeda.
an'y, adj. taku ka^ta ; taku ka-

kes : not any, wanica ; takudaij.
apart', a<iy. isnana; ic'uijoripa.
apart'ment, n. tipi.
ape, n. wauijca.
ap'erture, n. ohdoka ; oko.
a'pex, 11. oiijkpa ; tideika.
ap'oplexy, n. sniyaij tapi.
apos'tatize, v. n. wohduze

ayustai).
apos'tle, n. yesipi ; tuwe yesipi.
apoth'ecary, n. pezihuta-wi-

dasta.
appara'tus, n. taku wowiijyui)-

yaijpi.

appar'el, n. wokoyake ; hcya-
ke.

appar'ent, adj. ataijii).

appar'ently, adv. atarjiqyaij.

appari'tion, n. wanagi.

appear', v. n. taqii) ; ataijii) ;
tariiqyag hiyu ; hinapa ; ahina-
pa.

appear'anee, n. otaijiij ; ito-
ye ; itohnake.

append', v. a. ikoyagya.

append'age, n. taku ikoyake.

ap'petite, n. do diijpi.

applaud', V. a. y atari.

applause', n. 'ho' or 'haij,'
frequently repeated, is the usuaP
method of signifying assent or
applauding.

ap'ple, n. taspaijtaqka : an ap-
ple tree, tasparjtaijka hu.

applica'tion, n. attending to,
ekta ewadiqpi ; requesting, dapi.

apply', V. a. ekta ewadig ; da ;
w.lkidihnaka.

appoint', V. a. to name, daze-
yata : to make fast or confirm,
yasuta : to choose, kahniga.

appoint'ment, n. kahnigapi.

appor'tion, v. a. pamni.

appor'tioner, n. widakipamni.

appor'tioning, part, wicaki-
pamnipi.

appraise', v. a. yawa : to form
an opinion of, iyukdag.

appre'ciate, v. a. to keep care-
fully, value highly, kpataq ; te-
hiijda.

apprehend', v. a. okahniga.

apprise', v. a. okiyaka.

approach', v. n. kiyadaij u ;
kiyadar) ya : does not approach
to, iyowaza sni.

appro'priate, adj. iyedetu.

approve', v. a. iyowiijkiya.

A'pril, n. Magaokada-wi.

a'pron, n. maku-akahpe.

apt, adj. wayupika ; wadiflksa-
pa.

apt'ly, adv. wayupiya.

ar'bor, n. okeya.

arch, n. oskopa.

arch'ed, part, askopa ; askom-
ya.

areh'er, «. waos'a.

arch'ery, n. Waopi.

are'tie, adj. waziyata.

ar'dent, adj. ardent spirits, mi-
ni-wakap.

ar'duous, adj. tehike.

are, v. 3d pers. 2>lur. yakogpi ;

yukaijpi ; uijpi.
a'rea, n. hodoka ; wahodoka.
are'na, n. hodoka.
ar'gue, v. n. akinida f tamya.
a'rid, adj. puza ; kata.
aright', adv. owotaqna ; tag-

yai).
arise', v. n. to stand, naziij ;

ascend, waijkan ya : arise from

sleep, iyotar)ka ; kikta.
arith'metic, n. wayawapi.
ark, ra. wata; daijwohnaka.
arm, n. isto ; my arm, miisto ;

the fore arm, ispahu ; the upper

arm, ahdo : arm-bands, maza-

huhu.
arm, v. wipe ehdaku.
arm'ed, part. wipe hduha;

wipe ki(Jui).
arm'let, n. mazahuhu.
ar'mor, n. wotawe.
arm'pit, n. doksi.
arms, n. wipe.
ar'my, n. ozuye.
aromat'ie, adj. wastemna.
ajotmd', prep, ihduksaij ; o-

ksai) ; kohdamna ; kohdamni.
arouse', v. a. iyopa^taka ; pa-

nini.
arrange', v. a. eden ehnaka;

yuwiyeya.
array', v. a. koyaka.
array'ed, part, wokoyake ki-

dui).
arrest', v. a. to take, yuza : to

cause to cease from, ayustaqya.
arriv'al, n. at home, hdipi ; ki-

pi : at any place where one has

not dwelt, hipi ; ipi.
arrive', v. n. at home or back

again, hdi ; ki : to arrive at a

place where one does not reside,

hi ; i : to reach to, iyohi.
ar'rogant, adj. wahaiji^ida.
ar'row, n. waijhiflkpe : a blunt

arrow, ibostake.
ar'rovr-head, n. waqsmahi.
ar'son, n. tipi ideyapi.
ar'tery, n. ka;).
art'ful, adj. ksapa.
ar'tiehoke, n. pai)gi.
artic'ulate, v.n. ia; enapeya.
artil'lery, n. mazakaijtaijka.
art'ist, n. a skilful man or an

inventor, wolidokeda.
as, conj. heden ; iyecen ; eden.

ASC

283

BAG

ascend', v. n. waqkan ya;

wai)kai)tkiya ya.
aBcent', n. waijkan yapi ; itaij-

wai)kar)hde waijka.
ascertain', v. a. sdonya ; aki-

ta; iyoya.
ascribe', v. a. kiciyawa.
ash, n. the ash tree, psehtii) ;

pseyapi.
asham'ed, adj. i^teca : to make

one ashamed, istenya.
ash 'as, n. cahota.
ashore', adv. hen : to go ashore,

huta ekta ihuijni ; hen ihaq.
aside', adv. icupoijpa : to shove

aside, iyog iyeya.
ask, V. a. da : to ask of, kida :

inquire of, iwai)ga.
ask'ing, part, dapi; wiwaij-

gapi.
asleep', adj. to be asleep, istii)-

ma waijka.
as'pen, n. wahcii)ca.
asperse', v. a. aia.
asquint', adv. istok^iq.
ass, n. ^o^^oiina ; suktaijka

SOI) SOI) n a.
assas'sinate, v. a. tin-wida-

kte.
assault', V. a. iyahpaya.
assem'ble, v. n. mniciya ; as-
semble to, amnidiya.
assem'bled, part, mniciyapi.
assem'bly, n. omniciye.
assent', v. n. wicada.
assert', v. a. kitai) ; yatiijza.
assim'ilate, v. n. iyeden ida-

ga.
assist', V. a. okiya : you assist

mo, omayakiya.
assist'ant, n. ookiye.
asso'eiate, n. tawasi ; koda.
asso'ciate, v. a. kidi tidai).
assoeia'tion, n. okodakidiye.
assort', V. a. pahi.
assure', v. a. yuwidaka.
astern', adv. wahektapataqhai).
aston'ish, v. yusiiiyeya.
aston'ished, part, inihai).
aston'ishing, part, yusiijyeya :

astonishing ! hopidai)niye.
astray', adv. onuniyata.
astride', adv. akamdas ; aka-

mda^a ; adak^iq.
astrin'gent, adj. waanapte.
at, 2)rep. ekta ; etu.
athirst', adj. ipuza.
at'om, n. sukaza.

atone', v. a. woahtani ka^uiu.
atone 'ment, n. woyuokoqwaii-

zidai) ; woahtani kazuiupi.
atro'cious, adj. ^ida ; wahte-

sni.
atro'city, n. woahtani ; wico-

hai) sida.
attach', V. a. ikoyagya ; iciya-

kaska.
attach'ed,^a?'<. amahya ; ohai)-

hdeya ; ikoyaka.
attack', V. a. anatai) ; takpe.
attack', n. anawidataqpi.
attaek'ed, ;xw<. anataijpi.
attain', v. a. iyohi.
attain'able, adj. iyohipida.
attempt', v. a. iyuta; uta;

dhai).
attend', v. a. kidi ya; 6kiya:

attend to, anagoptai).
attend'ant, n. ookiye.
atten'tive, adj. waanagoptai).
attest', r*. a. yaotaqii).
attire', v. a. koyaka ; wokoya-

ke kidui).
attire', n. wokoyake ; heyake.
attor'ney, n. wawiciya ; wo-

ope aia.
attrac'tive, adj. iyokipiya.
auda'cious, adj. wamnaidida ;

widastasni.
au'dible, orf;'. nahoijpica; tai)-

ii)yai).
au'dibly, adv. taqiriyai) ; eya

niyai).
au'dienee, n. omnidiye ; ona-

hoi)pi.
au'ger, n. cai)iyumni.
aught, n. taku kasta.
augment', v. n. sam idaga.
au'gur, n. waayate ; wapiye ;

wiyukdai).
Au'gust, n. Wasutoq-wi ; daij-

pasapa-wi.
aunt, n. a mother's brother's

wife and a father's sister, tui)-

wii) ; thy aunt, nitui)wii) : his

aunt, tuijwidu.
au'ricle, n. nakpa.
auro'ra, n. aqpao ; mada.
austere', adj. ksizeda ; kakeca.
authen'tic, adj. widakapi.
au'thor, n. tuwe kage dii).
au'thorize, v. a. edoi) ^i.
au'tograph, n. okiwapi.
au'tumn, n. ptai)yetu : last au-
tumn, ptiijhai).
av'arice, n. wahduhahapikteda.

avari'cious, adj. ohaq^ida;

wahduhahakteda.
avenge', v. a. tokidoij ; hda-

iuzu ; watogya.
aveng'er, n. toki(JoQ s'a ; wa-

tokidoi).
av'erage, n. henakeda detu;

kanakeca detu.
averse', adj. averse to, widada

im.
avert', v. a. yutokai) iyeya.
avid'ity, n. woinahni.
avoid', V. a. okamna ; itehai)-

yai) ya.
avoid'ing, part, okamnayai).
a"wait', V. a. iyape ; iyakipe.
a"wake', v. a. to awake one, yu-

hida ; hduhida : awake oneself,

ihduhida.
avrake', v. n. kikta.
avrake', adj. kiktahai) ; istii)-

be sni.
B.'^fra.y', v.imperat. hai)tawo.
a"way', adv. en yai)ke ^ni ; to-

ki iyaya.
awe, n. wowinihai)..
av^'ful, adj. wakokipe; wawi-

nihai).
awk'Avard, adj. wayuiida ;

wayuhiyaya.
avrl, n. tahir)4pa.
av/Ti'ing, n. ohaijzihdepi.
avrry', adj. paksik^ai).
axe, n. oQspe ; ogspe paradas-

ka : a broad-axe, oijspe taijka.
ax'letree, n. daqpahraihma dai)

hdakiijyai) yaijka.
aye, adv. hai) ; tos ; ho.

B.

bab'ble, v. n. iwakai) ; iwa^iduij.

bab'bler, n. woyake s'a ; iwa-
kai).

babe, n. hok^iyopa ; hoksiyo-
Ijopa ; hoksidopa ; amomona :
a doll, hoksinkagapi.

bach'elor, n. widataqsna ui) ;
ko^ka.

back, n. tapete ; daqhahake :
small of the back, miyoka^ii) :
back part of a house, datku.

back, V. a. to pull back, hektam
yutitai).

back, adv. hekta ; hektam ; te-
yata ; dazata : back from, ihe-
yata ; idazata ; ihektam : back
and forth, ididawii) ; idipa^.

BAG

284

BEH

back'-ljone, «. ca^kahu.
back'"ward, adj. kuia.
back'-wards, adv. ituijkam : to

go backwards, ite hektam itohe-

yaya.
ba'con, n. kuku^e sii) pusyapi.
bad, adj. i\6a. ; wahteini ; wida-

^ta^ni ; ociijsica.
badg'er, n. hoka.
bad'ly, adv.' sicaya.
bad'ness, n. taku ^ica ; wico-

bai) ^ica.
bag, n. ozuha ; woiuha : a bag

filled, woiutoqpi : work bag, uij-

ksu ; uijksudai) ; tahiqspopiye.
bag'gage, n. waipaya.
bail, n. ikaq : ibupa.
bail, V. a. to put a bail to any

thing, ihupatoij ; ikagtoi).
bait, n. wataq.
bait, V. a. wataq en iyeya ; wa-

tai) ebnaka.
bake, v. a. ^paqyaij.
ba'ker, n. waspaqkiya.
bald, adj. sda : bald head, pa

sda ; nasu sda.
bale, n. palitapi.
bale, V. a. pahta : to bale out a

boat, kaskepa.
balk, V. a. yusna ; wicada^ni.
ball, n. tapa : ball playing, ta-

kapsicapi : to play ball, taka-

psica : ball or bullet, maza-su ;

su-wai)iidai).
ball'-club, n. takicapsica.
balm, n. wahpe wastemna.
band, n. ipalte ; iyuskite ; te-

hmiso.
band'age, n. iyuskite.
ban'ish, v. a. heyata iyeya.
bank, n. maya.
ban'ner, n. wiyokihedaij.
bap'tism, n. baptem.
baptize', v. a. baptem '^u.
bar, n. inatake ; mahinatake.
bar, V. a. nataka ; onataka.
barb, n. keze.

bar'barous, adj. wic'aitapisni.
barb'ed, part, kestoq.
bare, adj. naked, taqcodai) :

bare-footed, sicodaij : bare-head-
ed, pa kazamni.
barge, ». caq-wata taqka.
bark, m. caijha ; birch bark,

taqpa : bark to smoke, caq-

bark, v. a. to peel bark, caqha
kahu : to bark at as a dog, pa.

barley, n. psiq-ska ; ^uktaqka

tawote.
bam, n. ^uktaqka tipi ; peii

opiye.
bar'rack, n. coqka^kc.
bar'rel, n. koka pahmihma.
bar'ren, adj. ciijca toq sni; ta-

kudai) aic'age sni.
bar'ter, v. a. iciyopeya ; wope-

toi).
bar'ter, n. iciyopeyapi.
base, n. taku ahdehe diq.
base, adj. wica^tasni ; oiaq-

^uqkeca.
bash'ful, adj. wi^teca.
ba'sin, n. wak^ica ; oyuiaia.
ba'sis, n. taku ahe cii).
bas'ket, n. makaqopiye ; wa-

kiskokpa.
bass, n. the linden tree, hiijta.
bass, n. in music, ihukuya ahi-

yayapi.
bass-vi'ol, n. daqdowaqkiyapi.
bat, n. hupawakihdakedaq.
•bath, n. oihduzaia.
bathe, v. ihduiaza ; yuiaia.
bat'ter, n. wozapi seececa.
bat'ter, v. a. kasuza.
bat'tered, part, kasuiapi.
bat'tle, n. wicokicize.
ba'wl, V. n. ceya ; hotoq ; ho-

taijii) ; paq ; paqpai).
bay, n. mdecahmii).
bay, adj. sa.
bay'onet, n. mazakaq iyoitaq-

pi.
be, V. n. uri ; yaqka ; yukag.
beach, n. huta.
bea'con, n. wowakta.
beads, n. totodaq ; skaskadaq ;

sipto.
beak, n. pasu.
beam, v. n. of light, iiaqiaq.
bean, n. oqmnica.
bear, n. black bear, wahaqksica ;

wasapedaq : grey bear, mato ;

matohota.
bear, v. to carry, ^iq ; ki^iq :

to bring forth a child, ciqdatoq :

to bear fruit, aicaga : to be able,

okihi : to be capable of endur-
ance, wakis'aka.
beEird, n. putiqhiq.
beard'ed, part, putiqhiq yu-

kaq.
besird'less, ad;, putiqhiq nica.
beast, n. woteca ; wamanica ;

wanuqyaqpi.

beat, V. a. apa ; kastaka : beat
out as corn, kapa : beat as the
pulse, kaq iyapa.

beat'en, part, apapi ; kaitaka-
pi : made hard as a road, nasu-
tapi ; naatiqzapi.

beau'tiful, adj. waite; owaq-
yag waste : beautiful weather or
a beautiful place, owa^tecake.

bea'ver, n. cdpa.

because', conj. hetaqhaq ; heoq
etaqhaq ; hecenc'a.

beck'on, v. n. namkawiq : beck-
on to, namkicawiq.

becloud', V. n. amahpiya.

become', v. n. aya ; hinhda :
become good, waste aya : be-
come sick, wayazaq hiqhda.

becom'ing, adj. iyokipiya ; awa-
^teka.

bed, n. owiqia : to make a bed
of, owiqia : to go to bed, iwaq-
ka : to keep one's bed, makan
waqka.

bedaub', v. a. a^amya.
bedaub'ed, part, a^apa.
bedevr', v. acu ; acuya.
bed'stead, n. ohehdepi.
bed'-tieking, «. minihuha io-
ka.

bee, n. tuhmaga.

beef, n. fresh beef, tado : dried

meat, waconica.
beet, n. paqgi sa.
bee'tle, n. uqkc'epahmiyaqyaq.
befall', V. n. akipa.
befit'ting, adj. iyec'etu; he-

cetu.
before', prep, itokam ; kaye-

haq : before me, mitokam.
befriend', v. a. kodaya ; ana-

kiksiq.
beg, V. a. da ; kida ; ituka ;

ociq ; wociq ; timata.
beg'gar, n. wada s'a ; woda

s'a.
beg'ging, part, dapi ; timata.
begin', v. n. tokaheya ecoq.
begin'ning, n. otokaheya.
begird', v. a. ipiyagtoq ; opta

yuskiskita.
begone', v. imperat. huqktiya ;

haqta.
beguile', «;. a. hnayaq.
behave', v. a. behave oneself,

aihduha.
behead', v. a. pa baksa; pa

yuksa.

BEH

285

BLO

behind', adv. hekta ; hektam ;

hakam.
behind', prep, ihektam ; ihe-

ktapataghaq ; ihakam : behind

something, out of sight, aisii)-

yaq.
behold', intj. wai) ! iijyu)] !
behold', V. a. wapyaka; wai)-

hdaka.
be'ing, part, uijpi.
belch, V. n. mdokaska.
belief ,n. wicadapi ; awacigpi.
believe', v. a. wicada ; awacJiq ;

wadigyaq.
bell, n. mazaMahda.
bel'lo"W, V. n. hotoq .
bel'ly, n. tezi ; itpi and ikpi ;

cowohe.
bel'ly-ache, n. tezi yazaig.
belong', V. n. to be owned by,

tawaya.
belov'ed, part, iyotaqdapi.
belo'w', prep, ihukuya.
beloTv', adv. kuya ; hukuya.
belt, n. ipiyake.
bemoan', v. a. aceya ; akiceya.
bench, n. cafl-akan-iyota^kapi-

bend, n. kabmig ; okabmig ;
ipak^ai) ; oyuktaij.

bend, v. a. yuktai) ; yukiaq ;
yuwiijza : bend down on, as
grass, akawigia.

beneath', ^ep. ihukuya; ohda-
teya.

benedic'tion, n, wicayawaite-
pi.

ben'efit, n. wowaSte ; taku wa-
ste.

benefi'cial, adj. wa^te.

benev'olent, adj. wadankiya ;
waoijiida : to be benevolent to,
(Saijtekiya.

benight', v. n. atpaza.

bent, adj. ^kopa ; k^agkaag.

benumb', v. a. yuk^ik^a: be-
numbed hands, nape k^ik^a.

bequeath', v. a. aihpeya.

bereave', v. a. ekidiyaku.

bereav'ed,^ari. ekicihdakupi.

ber'ry, n. waskuyeda.

beseech', v. a. dekiya.

beset', v. a. aohduteya.

beside', prep, ikiyadag ; ida-
hda.

besides', arfj;. kokta; koktaya.

besmear', v. a. a^amya.

besmear'ed, part, osigsig.

besprin'kle, v. a. amnimni.
best, adj. iyotag wa^te ; iyotag

hig.
bestir', v. a. to bestir oneself,

ai(Jiciya.
bestO"w', V. a. itukihag.
bestride', v. a. akamdas nazig ;

adaksig.
bet, V. a. ol^ipe en iyeya, or en

iyaka^ka.
betray', v. a, wiyopeya ; hna-

yai)-
betroth', v. a. iyata ; yuhpa ;

wohpa.
bet'ter, adj. sagpa waite : ra-
ther better, awa^te ; ahededa ;

awa^teyaken.
bet"ween', prep. iyotahedag ;

okitahedag.
be"wail', v. a. aceya ; akideya.
bC'ware', v. n. itogpa ; ihnu-

hag ; ahaghag.
be"wltch', V. a. hmugga ; yu-

hnaskigyag.
bewitch'ed, part, hmuggapi ;

yuhna^kigyagpi.
beyond', prep, ako; akotag-

hag ; akam.
bi'as, adv. kaohya.
bi'ble, n. wowapi wakag.
bid, V. command to do, ecog si :

invite, kido.
bier, n. cag-akiyuhapi ; dag-

wi^ihupa.
big, adj. tagka ; tagkigkigyag.
bile, n. minizi.
bil'ious, adj. minizi yukag.
bill, n. pasu.
bil'lo-w, n. taza.
bind, V. a. kaska ; yuskiskita ;

pahta : to bind to, iyaka^ka : to

bind with ribbon, apahdantog.
bind'ing, n. apahdate.
bi'ped, n. wahunogpa.
birch, w. tag pa.
birds, n. zitkadag ; wakiye.
birds'nest, n. hohpi.
birth, n. togpi.
birth'day, n. agpetu en togpi.
birth'place, n. tukten togpi.
birth'right, n. watokapa.
bish'op, n. waawaghdake.
bi'son, n. tatagka ; pte.
bit, n. og^pa : a small piece of

money, ka^papidag.
bite, v. a. yahtaka ; yaiipa ;

yapa.
black, adj. sapa ; sapsapa.

black'bird, n. zit&a-taqka ; w&-

mdoia. i>m -sr;; ;

black'ish, adj. stag.

black'smith, n. mazakaga.

blad'der, n. tadeza.

blade, n. isag : blade or leaf,
ape.

blame, n. ba ; Mba.

blank, adj. taku en ug ^ni ;
owapi ^ni.

blan'ket, n. sina : white blan-
ket, ^ina hota : red blanket, ^ina
^a : blue blanket, dina to.

blaspheme', v. a. Wakagtagka
akaga ; ostehda.

blas'phemy, n. oitehdapi.

blast, n. of wind, tateyagpa ipo-

gaP-
blast, V. a. as rocks, namden

iyeya.
blast'ed, pari, ^tunkadag ; sni-

za.
blaze, v. n. ide ; itkog : to

made blaze, boide ; kaide ; ide-

ya.
blaze, n. ide ; ide sasa.
bleach, v. a. yuska ; boska ;

kaska. '**"

bleat, V. n. tahig wanugyagpi

hotog.
bleed, v. n. we au.
bleed, v. a. kag katpa.
blend, v. a. ididahiya.
bless, v. a. yuwaite ; yawa4te.
bless'ing, n. wowa^te.
blight'ed, part, by cold, sni og

ta ; by water, mini og ta.
blind, adj. i^ta gogga : blind-
ed by the sun or snow, i^to-

snugia.
bliss, n. wowa^te.
blis'ter, n. wayatag.
blis'ter, v. n. ha kasdoka ; gu.
bloat, V. n. kapo.
bloat'ed, part. po.
block, n. dag otoza ; dag oka-

kse.
block'head, «. tuwe wacigtog

^ni.
blood, n. we.

blood'-letting, n. kagkatpapi.
blood'shed, n. weyapi.
blood'y, adj. wewe.
bloom, V. n. hda.
blos'som, n. waRda ; itka.
blos'som, v. n. hda aya ; ka-

mdu.
blot, v. a. ^amya ; a^amya.

BLO

286

BRE

blovr, V. a. to blow, as the wind,
or with the mouth, ipogag ; ta-
teyagpa ; bomdu : to blow
down, as a tree, kawagka : to
blow, as an instrument, jaio ;
hdaio : to blow the nose, yu-
iiqda; hduziijca: to blow or
fan oneself, ihdadu : to blow
on, atateyaijpa : blow away,
taha iyeya.
Ijlub'ber, n. ihdi ; wasna.
blub'ber, v. n. c'eya ; ceyekta-

kta.
blud'geon, n. caij otoza.
blue, adj. to : to make blue, to-

ya : blue beads, totodai).
blue-jay, n. tetenica.
blufCI m. maya hiijca; icahtake.
blun'der, v. a. juina. ; ya^na ;

nasna.
blunt, adj. pe ^ni ; tata ; otoza.
blunt, V. a. katata.
blush, V. n. ite na^a hiijhda.
blus'ter, v. n. idamna.
boar, M. kukuse mdoka.
board, n. caijmdaska.
boast, V. n. ihdatai).
boat, n. wata : steamboat, peta

wata.
bod'y, n. taijcar) ; widataijcaij.
bog, n. wiwi ; hdihdidai).
boil, n. siyaka o.
boil, V. n. ipiga.
boil, V. a. ohai) ; ipihya : to

boil over, anapsoi).
boil'er, n. cega.
bold, adj. waditaka.
bold'ly, adv. waditagya.
bolt, V. a. nataka ; nakitaka ;

onataka.
bolt, n. inatake.
bond, n. widaske.
bond'age, n. widaka^kapi ; wo-

widagyapi.
bone, n. hu ; huhu.
back-bone, daijkahu.
skull or cranium, nasuliu.
malar, or cheek-bone, tapoi)

hu.
ribs, dutuhu.
sternum, or breast-bone, ma-

knliu.
scapula, or shoulder-blade,

amdohu.
shoulder, hiyete.
clavicle, or collar-bone, de-

Ikidate.
humerus, or arm, hiqtkaijhu.

radius and ulna, i^pahu.
carpus, or wrist, napoka&e.
metacarpus, or hand, napehu.
phalanges, or fingers, napsu-

kaza.
thumb, napehuqka.
Uium, or hip, nisehu.
sacrimi, nitehu.
femur, or thigh, dedu^te.
leg, tibia and fibula, humdo

and darikpe ; huwakipe.
patella, or knee-pan, takai)gi.
tarsus, or ankle, i^kahu.
metatarsus, or foot, sihahu.
bon'net, n. wapaha.
bon'nyclabber, n. asai)pi nini.
book, n. wowapi.
book'-binding, w. wowapi oiu-

ha kagapi.
boon, n. taku kupi.
boots, n. dapha^ipa haijska.
bor'der, n. opapuij ; ihaijke.
bore, V. a. yuhdoka ; hduhdoka.
born, part, toijpi. Among the
Dakotas the name of the first-
born, if a boy, is Caske ; if a
girl, Winona : the second, if a
boy, Hepai) ; if a girl, Hapai) :
the third, if a boy, Hepi ; if a
girl, Hapistiijna : the fourth, if
a boy, Catai) ; if a girl, Wai)-
ske : the fifth, if a boy. Hake ;
if a girl, Wihake.
bor'ro"W", v. a. odota ; okidota.
bo'som, n. maku.
both, adj. napin ; sakim : on

both sides, anokataijhag.
bot'tle, n. zar)zar).
bot'tom, n. dete : bottom of the
foot, sidu : bottom of a boat,
wasicu : on the bottom, dete-
ta : bottom-upwards, ahdap^ir)
wai)ka: ahdapsiqyai) ehpeyapi.
bot'tomless, adj. dete wanica.
bough, n. adetka.
bounce, v. to jump, ipsida : to

bound, kaitkomya hiyu.
bound, ^art ka^ka hnakapi ; ka-

skapi.
bound, V. to rebound, kawai)-
kan iyaya ; kaitkomya hiyu : to
measure, iyuta.
bound'ed, part, iyutapi.
boundless, adj.^ owihaijke wa-

nida ; woptedaini.
bounds, n. owihaqke.
boun'tiful, adj. ohanpi. -
boun'ty, n. wawida^upi.

boTV, V. pa kapsai) : bowed
down, pamahdedai) ui).

bovr, n. of a boat, watokapa ;
wata-pa or watpa.

bOAV, n. itazipa : his bow, tina-
zipe : bowstring, itazipa-ikaq.

bow'els, n. ^upe.

bovT'er, n. okeya.

bo'wl, n. wakiida : wash-bowl,
oyuzaia.

bo'w'shot, n. kihiyeyapi.

box, n. dagwohnaka.

box, V. a. nape oij apa.

box-el'der, n. dagsu^ka.

boy, n. hok^idai) ; hok^ina ; ho-
k^ila.

boy'ish, adj. hok^ika.

brace, n. ipatai).

brace, v. a. apataij ; apata;) hde.

brace'let, n. mazahuhu.

brack'ish, adj. kitaqna skuya.

brag, V. n. ihdatai).

braid, n. sogpi.

braid, v. a. soi) ; kisoij.

brain, n. nasu ; widanasu.

brake, w. icapar) : brake or fern,
hii)hai)toi)wai).

brake, v. a. kapai) ; kasuza.

bram'ble, n. wapepeka.

bran, n. aguyapi ha.

branch, n. adetka.

brand, v. a. wapetogtoij.

brand, n. of fire, petuspe ; pe-
tuste.

bran'dish, v. a. wipe koza.

bran'dy, n. mini wakaq.

brass, n. mazazi : brass kettle,
cega zi : brass nails, mazazi oka-
tai)pi.

brave, adj. waditaka ; daijte
suta.

bravely, adv. waditagya.

bray, v. n. hotoij ; ^uqka ioj)-
soqna hotoi).

breach, n. kamden iyeyapi.

bread, n. aguyapi : corn bread,
wamnaheza aguyapi : leavened
bread, aguyapi tadagu.

breadth, n. ohdakiijyai).

break, v. a. to break to pieces,
yumdeda : to break by striking,
kamdeda : to break by rubbing,
etc., pamdeda : to break with
the foot, namdeda : to break
with the mouth, yamdeda : to
break by punching or shooting,
bomdeda : to break in cutting
with a knife, bamdeda : to break

BRE

287

GAL

off, yuksa; kaksa; naksa; pa-
ksa ; boksa : to break off a
piece, yuspa ; ka^pa ; bospa :
to break out a piece, yuici ;
kalci : to break nearly off, ka-
wega ; nawega ; pawega ; bo-
wega ; yuwega : to break a
bole in, kaMoka ; naMoka :
to break through, okaMoka ;
okaksa ; onahdoka ; kaoksa ;
naoksa ; kaohpa : to break
on, akamdec'a ; akawega : to
break out on, abinapa.

break'-of-day, n. aijpao.

break'fast, n. haqliaijna wo-
tapi.

breast, n. maku ; aze ; mama.

breath, n. oniya ; woniya.

breathe, v. n. niya : breathe
out, ipogai) : breathe out on,
apogai).

breathless, adj. niya sni.

bred, part, idaliyapi.

breeeh'eloth, n. c'ehnake.

breed, v. a. icahya ; cii)ca yuha.

breeze, n. okaduza.

breth'ren, n. huijkawaijiinki-
c'iyapi.

bribe, v. a. opetoi).

brick, n. maka omdotoi).

bride, n. winoliiijca yuzapi.

bridge, n. cagkalioflpapi.

bridge, v. a. ca^jkalogpa.

bri'dle, n. iiyuwi ; iikiyuwi.

brief, adj. ptededan.

bri'er, n. wapepeka.

bright, adj. wiyakpa.

brim, n. tete.

brimful', adj. oiudao.

bring, v. a. au ; ahi ; aku ;
ahdi ; hdoku ; hdohdi : bring to
one, kau ; kahi ; kahdi : bring
for one, Idcicau ; kicicahi,
etc.

brink, n. maya.

bris'tle, v. to bristle up, nasa.

brit'tle, adj. waqkadaij.

broad, adj. ohdakiijyai) taqka.

broad'axe, n. oijspo taijka.

broil, V. a. ceonpa ; pjisnoi).

brooch, n. itohnakapi.

brood, V. a. maq ; be.

brook, n. wakpadai).

broom, n. owaqkicahiijte.

broth, «. haijpi ; wahaijpi.

broth'er, n. a man's elder bro-
ther, oil) ye; ciijcu : a woman's
elder brother, timdo ; timdoku :

one's younger brother, suijkaku ;

misuqka, etc. ; hugkawaijzi.
broth'erhood, n. otakuye.
broth'er-in-laAV, n. tahaij ; ta-

baijku ; tahaijya : a woman's

brother-in-law, ^i(Je and i^e^i ;

^i^eku.
bro"W, n. of a hill, hiqkpa :

the eye-brow, ista he.
bro'wn, adj. sa^ ; hota : to

make brown or whitish, saijyai).
bro"Wse, v. n. wihai).
bruise, v. a. okasdosdo ; ka^u-

suia ; kapaiipai).
brush, V. a. katata ; hdatata ;

kasto ; pasto.
brush'y, adj. haka; cai)haha-

ya.
brute, n. woteca ; wamanic'a.
bru'tsd, adj. oha^suijkec'a.
bub'ble, n. tage ; tahto^ : to

bubble up, tapsiza ; anahdohdo ;

anap^apsa : bubble along, as

water, ihaha.
buck, n. tamdoka.
buck'et, n. cega ; c'a;)koka.
buc'kle, n. maza ikoyagyapi.
buc'kle, V. a. maza oi) ikoyag-

buckler, n. wahadaijka.
buck'skin, n. taha; wakihda-

ka.
bud, n. paha ; c'aijpaha ; ciritpa.
bud, V. a. paha.
buffalo, n. tataqka ; pte.
buf 'falo-fish, n. kaijdi.
buf'falo-robe, n. ptehasina;

tagicaha.
buffet, V. a. nape 013 apa.
bug, n. tapopuska.
bviild, V. a. kaga ; tipi kaga ;

ticaga.
bulk'y, adj. opaqga ; opaghya.
bullet, n. mazasu ; su waijii-

dai).
bul'vrark, n. maka Jjapi ; doi)-

kaske.
bump, V. a. iboto.
bunch, n. psuijka : a bunch of

grapes, iyage : a buncli of beads,

obohdihei ; oboyaya.
bun'dle, n. apahta ; waljiij.
bung, n. iostaijpi.
bun'gle, V. a. wayusica ; yuhi-

yaya.
bur'den, m. wajfiijpi.
bur'glary, n. haijyen tipi yu-

zuzujii.

burn, n. ogu.

bum, V. a. gu ; guya : bum on,

agu : to burn up, huhnaga : to

burn or blaze, as a fire, ide;

itkoi).
burnt, part, gu : sun-burnt,

mastispai).
burr, n. winawizidajj.
burst, V. n. napopa ; namdeda ;

namdaza ; anamdaza ; naptuia ;

yumdaza.
bur'y, V. a. ha ; hnaka : to bury

in snow, kasa.
bush, n. caijopamna.
bush'el, n. wiyutapi.
bush'y, adj. otehi ; adetka ota ;

yuha.
bus'tle, n. 6^0.
bus'y, adj. owafliidai) yaijke

^ni.
but, conj. tuka.
butt, V. to butt against, ipato ;

apato ; iyapato.
but'ter, n. pte asaijpi ihdi.
but'terfly, n. kimama.
but'ter-nut, n. tazuka.
but'ton, n. mazataspu.
but'ton-hole, n. mazataspu

ohna iyeyapi.
buy, V. a. opetoi) : to buy for,

opekiditog.
buzz, V. hmuT) ; o^oya.
buz'zard, n. heda.
by, prep, idahda : by the way,

tahepi.
by'-"W"ord, n. owestepi.

cab'bage, n. wahpetaijka.

cab'in, n. daij-tipi.

ea'ble, n. hakahmoqpi.

cache, n. woha.

cackle, v. aijpaohotoijna ho-
tel).

cage, n. tipidai).

cake, n. aguyapi hmiyaqyaq.

calamity, n. icansidapi.

cal'amus, n. siqkpe tawote.

cal'culate, v. a. iyawa.

calcula'tion, n. iyawapi.

calf, n. ptezicadai) : calf of the
log, sidogii).

calfskin, ji. tadii)caha.

calico, n. minihuha owapi.

call, V. par) ; kipai) : to invite,
kido : to name, dazeyata.

call'ed, 2}art. kicopi.

CAL

288

CHA

callous, adj. iyanuflga.
calm, adj. amdakedajg.
calm, n. a calm place, omnina.
calmly, adv. iwa^tedaq.
cal'omel, «. peiihuta ska wa^.
caloric, n. okata.
cal'umet, n. caijduhupa mda-

ska.
calum'niate, v. a. aia ; akaga ;

ostehda.
eal'uimiy, n. waaiapi.
cani''bric, n. minihulia zibadpe-

dai).
camp, n. owaijka ; otiwota.
cam'phor, n. peiihuta omnapi.
can, V. okihi.
canal', n. wakpa kagapi.
can'cel, v. a. ka^uzu ; hdaiu-

iu.
can'dle, n. petiiaijzaij : to light

a candle, petiiai)iai) ideya.
cane, n. caijsagye : a reed, de-

di taijka.
canine '-teeth, n. hiijske.
can'non, n. mazakaij tanka.
can 'not, v. okitpani ; okihi im.
canoe', n. wata ; caq-wata.
can'opy, n. ohaqzihdepi.
can'ter, v. n. nacapcapa ; na-

wajjka.
cap, n. wapaha.
ca'pable, adj. wawokihi.
cape, n. tahuakahpe.
ca'per, v. ipsipsica.
cap'ital, n. otogwe itagcaq.
cap'itol, w. tipi itaqcai).
capsize', v. n. naifjipsoij.
cap'tain, n. akicita taqcaq ;

mdetahuijka.
cap'tious, adj. wacaqksi; wa-

ciijko.
cap'tive, n. wayaka ; widato-

ka; witoka.
card, n. minihuha kaqsukutepi.
card, V. a. kakca.
care, v. to take care of, awai)-

yaka : care for, ihakta ; itoqpa.
care'ful, adj. wapatai), wawi-

toijpa.
care'ftilly, adv. iwomniyetu ;

iyasnasnana ; asasyedai) ; wa-

yuc'o ; itoqpeyahai).
care'less, adj. itoijpesni.
care'lessly, adv. ahaijhaijyai} ;

wicisniyai).
caress', v. a. kihna.
car'go, n. wata en ohnakapi.
ear'nage, n. wic'aktepi.

camiv'orous, adj. carnivorous

animals, wamanic'a.
cax'ol, V. zitkadai) hotoij.
CEir'penter, n. caijkaiipe.
car'pet, n. owigia.
car'riage, n. cagpahmihma :

behavior, ihduhapi.
car'rion, n. taku hwiq.
car'ry, v. l^ig ; aya : to carry

to, kaya ; kai ; kaki ; kahda ;

hdohda.
cart, n. daijpahmihma hu noij-

pa.
carve, v. a. pago ; bago : to

carve, as meat, pata ; ba^pa^pa.
cascade', n. minihdihai) ; haha.
case, n. opiye : book-case, wo-

wapi opiye : case-knife, isaijpa-

mima.
cash, n. mazaska.
cask, n. koka ; kokoiuha.
cas'ket, n. wopiye.
cast, V. a. to throw away, ehpe-

ya; kaho iyeya: cast or pour out,

papsoi) : cast, as horns, kap^uj) :

cast off a burden, pahpa : cast

oneself down, makata elpei(Jiya.
cas'tigate, v. a. kapsigpsi^ta.
eas'tle, n. coqka^ke.
cas'tor-oil, «. wihdi iyoopta

iyeyapi.
cas'u£dly, adv. wanuq : to do

accidentally, wanui) ecoi).
cat, n. inmusuqka.
cat'amount, n. inmuftota.
cat'aract, n. lala.
catch, V. a. yuza ; oze ; ieu.
cat'echize, v. wiwic'awaijga.
cat'erpillar, «. wamduskadaq.
cat'fish, n. howasapa ; howa-

sapadai).
cathar'tic, n. iyoopta iyeyapi.
cath'olic, (Roman) n. ^inasapa.
cat'-tail, n. hiqtkaijhu.
cat'tle, n. wanuiiyaijpi.
cause, n. taku oi) etaqhag.
cause, V. a. ya and kiya, suffix-
ed to verbs.
cause'less, adj. taku oij etai)-

hai) sni.
cau'tion, n. wowakta.
cau'tion, v. a. waktaya.
cau'tious, adj. waktaya uij ;

itoijpeyahai).
cav'alry, 71. akicita euktai)ka

akan yotaijkapi.
cave or cav'ern, w. makohdo-

ka.

cav'il, V. a. kige.

cav'ity, n. ohdoka ; osmaka.

cease, v. n. to cease from, ayu-

staQ ; aya^taq : cease, as a noise,

iyasni.
cease 'less, adj. ayustai) ^ni.
ce'dar, n. hapte ; haijte Aa.
cede, V. a. wica^u ; wiyopeya ;

wiyopekiya.
cel'ehrate, v. a. yuonihaij ; ya-

onihag.
celer'ity, n. wic'aduzahai).
celes'tial, adj. mahpiya taqhai).
cel'ibacy, n. taq^na uijpi.
cell, n. tiocil^adaq.
cel'lar, n. woha tipi ; woha.
cement', n. iyaskape : glue,

coijpeska.
cem'etery, n. widahapi; tu-

kten wicahapi.
cen'ser, n. oizintoi)pi.
cen'sure, V. a. ba; iyopeya.
cen'sus, n. widayawapi.
cent, n. maza^adaij.
cen'tral, adj. ocokayataijhai).
cen'tre, n. odokaya; dokaya.
cen'tury, n. waniyetu opa-

wiqge.
ce'rate, n. sda tasaka.
cer'emony, n. widohag.
cer'tain, adj. widakapi ; edetu.
cer'tainly, adv. awidakehaij.
cer'tainty, n. wowidake.
certificate, ». wowapi yutaq-

pi.
cer'tify, V. a. yaotaqiq ; yawi-

daka ; wowapi yutaj).
cessa'tion, n. ayu^ta^pi ; oa-

yuiStaq ; oaya^taq.
chafe, V. a. ha ka^doka.
chafif) n. aguyapi ha.
chagrin', n. wowiitede ; iite-

dapi.
chain, n. mazaididahiha.
chair, n. dai) akan yotaijkapi.
chaise, n. daijpahmihma.
chalk, n. maka saq ; maka ska.
cham'ber, n. waijkan tipi.
cham'ber-pot, n. odeia.
champ, V. yamnumnuga ; ya-

kokoka.
cham'pion, n. ohiye s'a.
chandelier', n. petiiaqiag ihu-

pa adetka ota.
change, v. a. yutokeda; hee-

kiya : to barter, idiyopeya.
change 'less, adj. yutokedapi-

da sni ; okoijwaijiidai).

CHA

289

CLI

chan'nel, n. ^beya wanke c'ii).
chaxit, n. dowai).
chap, V. n. tuta.
chap 'el, n. tipi-wakai).
chap'lain, n. wicasta-wakaq.
chap'let, n. watesdake ; wa-

ciijhe.
chap'ter, n. wicowoyake.
char'acter, n. taijyar) oyakapi.
char'coal, n. caMi.
charge, v. as a gun, mazakai)

oiu ; charge on or with, iyaor)-

pa ; en au ; en aya.
ehar'iot, n. caijpanminma.
charitable, adj. wadaijtkiyapi.
charm, v. a. to please, iyokipi-

ya : to deceive, hnayai).
charm'ing, adj. wawiyokipi ;

waste hiijca.
chase, v. kuwa ; kuwa aya : to

chase away, hamya.
chase, n. wakuwapi ; wanasapi.
chasm, n. osmaka liiijca.
chastise', v. a. iyopeya ; ka-

psiiipsiijta.
chas'tisement, n. iyopewida-

yapi.
chat, V. wohdahdaka.
ehat'tels, n. wahpaya.
chat'ter, v. cehupa hdahda ;

hihdakokoka.
cheap, adj. wa^akadaq ; owa-

sakadai).
cheat, V. a. hnayai) ; akicage-

c'a.
cheek, v. a. kisica ; ayustai) ^i.
check'ered, part, nahdehdeza.
cheek, n. tapoi) ; iyoha.
eheek'bone, n. tapoijhu.
cheer, v. a. iyopa^taka ; maga-

cheer, n. as'api.

cheer'ful, adj. caqtewa^teya

ui) ; tawacii) waste.
cheer'fully, adv. c'ai)te waste-

ya ; ihahaya.
cheese, n. pteasaqpi suta.
chemise', n. mahen uijpi wi-

nohii)ca tawa.
cher'ish, v. a. ca;)tekiya ; icai-

ya.
cher'ry, n. caijpa; kakaijpidai).
chest, n. caqwohnaka.
chevr, v. a. yakpaq ; yamnu-

mnuga.
chick'en, n. aqpaohotogna diq-

cadai).
chide, V. a. iyopeya ; jyopekiya.
37

chief, n. wicastayatapi ; itai)-

c'ai).
chiefly, adv. iyotaij ; itaqcaq-

yai).
child, n. koksiyokopa ; hoksi-

yopa ; cir)ca.
child'birth, n. ciqca-toijpi.
child'ish, adj. hoksika.
chil'dren, n. ^icec'a ; hoksiyo-

pa-
chill, n. wicacar)cai).
chiired,^ar<. caqcaij ; cuwita-

hda.
chil'ly, adj. cusni.
chim'ney, n. oceti.
chin, n. iku.
chink, n. ohdoka.
chink, V. caq oko ohna iyeya.
chips, w. caij-okahpalipa.
chirp, V. hotoi).
chis'el, n. cai)-icahdoke.
choice, n. wokahnige.
choice, adj. tehika ; wa^te fiii)-

ca ; pataqpi.
choke, V. n. katka ; wakatka.
ehoke-cher'ry, n. kakagpi;

c'aqpa.
chok'ed, part, katkapi.
chol'er, n. wocaijteptaijye ; wo-

cai)tiyahde.
choose, V. a. kahniga.
chop, V. a. kaksa ; hdaksa ;

kawai)ka ; car) de.
Chris'tians, n. Wakaqtaqka

cii)hii)tku wic'adapi kiq.
Christ'mas, n. nape kic'iyuza-

pi.
chrys'alis, n. wamniomni.
church, n. tipi wakag ; okoda-

kiciye.
chum, n. ibo(Jo.
churn, v. boi^o.
cigar', V. caijdiyuhmuijpi.
cin'der, n. data.
cin'namon, n. c'aqha sa,
ci'pher, n. tkoijzedaij.
ci'pher, v. n. wayawa.
cir'cle, n. caijhdeska; taku

minia.
circu'itously, adv. kohdamni ;

iyohdamniyai).
cir'cular, adj. mima ; hmiyaij-

yai).
cir'cumcise, v. a. ohomni ba-

spa; ihduksai) baspa.
circum'ference, n. ohomni.
eircumnav'igate, v. ohomni

watom ya.

eir'cumspect, adj. awaqihdag

Uljpi;

cis'tem, n. miniyowe.
cite, V. a. kico.
cit'izen, n. wozuti.
cit'y, n. otoqwe taijka.
civ'il, adj. wahbadai).
civ'illy, adv. wahbaya.
clad, part, koyaka ; koyag ui).
claim, v. a. kica.
clam, w. tukihasai).
clam'or, n. owodutatog.
clam 'my, adj. tkapa.
clan, n. wicowazi ; wic'ouij.
clandes'tinely, adv. natma-

na.
clang, V. n. yusnasna ; kakoko-

ka.
clap, V. as the hands, kaskapa ;

hdaskapa.
clap'board, n. c'aqmdaska.
clar'if y, v. a. yuska.
clash, V. a. iyapa.
clasp, V. a. adoksohai) icu ; po-

skin yuza ; iyupah jruza ; iko-

yagya; aokibe.
class, n. obe.
clat'ter, v. n. kokoka.
cla"w, n. sake.
clay, n. makasai).
clean, adj. ska; wakasotesni;

ecedai).
clean'ly, adv. waasape im.
cleanse, v. a. yuiaia ; pazaia ;

pakii)ta ; pa^pa ; yuska ; yue-

c'edai).
clear, adj. ska ; ededai) : clear

sky, kasota : clear ice, kohdi ;

cahtowata : clear of ice, ^taka :

clear-sighted, etc., mdezedajr) :

to clear, as a field, kamni : clear

as the atmosphere, owotaqii) ;

kamdeza.
clear'ly, adv. taqiijyari ; mde-

sahai).
cleave, v. to adhere to, askapa :

to separate, kasdec'a ; kaptuia ;

baptuia ; boptuia ; paptuia ;

naptuza ; yuptuza.
clem'ency, n. wacaqtkiyapi;

wowaorisida.
cler'gyman, n. wicasta-wa-

kaij.
clerk, n. wowapi kaga.
clev'er, adj. waste.
Clifi^ n. hemdoka ; hiqkpa.
climb, V. a. adi ; iyadi ; iyaka-

pta: to cause to climb, adikiya.

CLI

290

COM

elimb'ing, part, adiyaken.

cling, V. n. ikoyoka ; iyaskapa :
to cling to each other as pota-
toes on the same root, okiciya-
sii).

clink, V. 11, nasna.

clip, V. a. ba^pa.

clock, n. wiiyayedai).

clod, 11. maka or) spa.

dog, V. otkapa.

close, V. ecen icu ; ecen iyeya ;
aohduta ; aohduteya.

close, adj. close together, iciki-
yedaq.

cloth, n. sina ; ^ina kasbapi :
cottons, linens, and silks, mini-
huha.

clothe, V. a. koyaka ; koyagya ;
ogetoi).

clothes, n. wokoyake ; heyake ;
ogepi.

doth'ing, n. taku koyakapi.

cloud, n. mahpiya ; mahpiya

cloudless, adj. kasota.
cloud 'y, adj. amahpiya ; owar)-

caya mahpiya.
olovm, n. witkotkoka.
cloy, V. a. iyatahdei(Jiya.
cloy 'ed, part, ohaka.
club, 11. caij otoza: war-club,

caijhpi.
cluck, V. agpaohotoqna wiye

hotoi).
clump, n. opamna.
clum'sy, adj. wayupikesni.
olus'ter, n. as of grapes, iya-

ge.
clys'ter, n. oijze okastagpi.
coach, n. cagpahmihma.
coag'tilated, part. nini.
coal, n. maka sapa : charcoal,

c'ahdi : coal of fire, petaga.
coarse, adj. soka.
coast, n. huta.
coat, n. ogidohda ; okde.
coat, V. a. apawinta.
coat'ed, part. as the tongue,

asaka ; wasaka.
coax, V. a. cirikiya.
cob, n. huwapahu.
cob'ble, V. a. hagpa akihdag-

toii.
COb'Aveb, n. uijktomi tahokata.
ooch'ineal, n. wi^aye ; widun-

ye-

cock, n. aqpaohotoQna mdoka :
gun-cock, mazakaq noge.

coffee, 11. pezihuta sapa; cof-
fee-nut tree, wahnahna.
coffee-pot, n. pezihuta sapa

iyokastai).
coffin, n. caij-ohnahnakapi.
cohab'it, v. tawiqtoij.
cohere', v.n. askapa; iciyaska-

papi.
coil, V. n. kaksa.
coil'ed, part, kaksaksa waijka.
coin, n. mazaska.
co'lander, n. wiyuzaza.
cold, adj. sni ; osni : to be cold,

cuwita ; snihda ; tasaka.
col'ic, n. tezi wicayazaq.
collar, n. tabu akahpe ; wana-

pir) ; idoti^iq : collar-bone, ce-

skic'ate.
collate', V. idiwaijyaka.
collect', V. a. pahi ; mnayai).
collect'ed, part, okokizuya.
collec'tion, n. womnaye.
collect'ively, adv. yuptahnag ;

yuptaya.
colli'sion, n. iciyapapi.
colonel, n. akic'ita taqcai).
col'onize, v. tokai) iyotaijka.
col'ony, n. ivitaya wozu etipi.
col'or, n. to ; sapa ; ska ; sa,

etc. See blue, black, white,

red, etc.
colt, n. suijkciqdadai).
col'umn, n. a row, caijkuye.
comb, n. ipakc'a : fine comb,

ipakca sbudaij : comb or ridge

of a house, tic'e.
comb, V. a. kakca ; hdakca.
com'bat, n. kicizapi.
combine', v. a. icic'ahiya ; yu-

okoqwaijzidai).
come, V. kuwa ; uwa ; u ; hiyu ;

hinapa ; hi ; hdi ; ahiti, etc. :

come up, as water, waijkan u ;

apasbog hiyu.
come'liness, n. wawiyokipi.
come'ly, adj. owaqyag waste.
com'et, n. wicaijhpi sipte yu-

kai).
oom'fort, V. a. kihna ; kicaij-

pta; wacii}toijhnagya ; raaga-

gaya-
com'forter, n. wicakicaqpte.
com'ing, part, u ; ku ; au.
com'ma^ n. ehnakapi.
command', v. command to do,

ecoi) si.
command'er, n. itaqcai) ; aki-

cita tagdaq.

command'ment, n. woahope.
commem'orate, v. kiksuya

ecoi).
conunence', v. ecoij ; toka-

lieya ecoi).
commence 'ment, n. otoka-

heya.
commend', v. a. taijyai) oya-

ka ; yaonihai).
com'merce, n. wopetoqpi ; wi-

yopeyapi ; tokiyopeyapi.
commin'gle, v. a. yuicidahi.
commis'erate, v. a. ogsidaka.
commis'sion, v. a. wahoya;

ye si.
commit', v. to do, ecoi) : com-
mit to, yuhe si ; kiciyuhekiya.
commo'dious, adj. otaqkaya.
com'mon, adj. ikc'e ; witaya ta-

wapi.
com'monly, adv. ikceya ; itu-

ya.
commo'tion, n. olj:oyapi ; owo-

dutator).
commune', v. wohdahdaka.
commu'nicate, v. communi-
cate to, okiyaka ; okinikiya ;

aiyahpeya.
commu'nion, n. wohdahdaka-

pi ; wohduze.
commute', v. a. toMyopekiya.
compan'ion, n. koda; kidu-

wa ; tawasi.
com'pany, n. omniciye ; wi-

cota.
compare', v. a. iciwaqyaka.
eompar'ison, n. idiwaijyakapi.
com'pass, v. a. aohduteya.
com'pass, n. makiwaqyake.
compas'sion, n. wowaorjsida.
compas'sionate, adj. waoqsi-

da ; wacai)tkiya.
compas'sionate, v. a. oijsiki-

da.
compel', V. a. edoqkiya.
com'pensate, v. a. kazuiu.
compensation, n. wokaiuiu.
compete', v. kidi edoq.
com'petent, adj. okihi.
compile', v. a. iapi mnayaq.
compla'cency, n. woiyokipi.
complain', v. asinyaken ia.
complete', v. a. yustai).
complet'ed, part, yu^taqpi.
com'plicated, part, oskiske.
com'pliment, n. yaonihaqpi.
com'pliment, v. a. yaonihaq ;

yuonihaq.

COM

291

CON

comply', V. to comply with,

widakidida; ecen edoi).
compose', v. iapi kaga ; yu-

wahbadai).
composi'tion, n. yuokogwaij-

zidai) ididahiyapi.
comiprehend', v. a. okahniga ;

yukdaq.
comprehen'sion, m. wooka-

linige.
eomipress', v. a. yuskiskita.
eomputa'tion, n. -wayawapi.
comipute', V. a. wayawa.
eom'rade, n. kicuwa ; koda.
con'oave, adj. ^kopa ; skokpa.
conceal', v. a. analima; ana-

kilibe ; inahma ; inahbekiya.
coneeal'ment, n. woanaibe.
conceit'ed, adj. wahaqitSida.
conceive', v. itpihnaka : to

understand, iyukdaij.
concep'tion, n. wokcaiipi ;

itpihnakapi.
concern', v. it does not concern

one, he etaijhai) itokeda ^ni ; he-

taijbar) iwatokiyakae.
concern'ed, part. concerned

for, wakihdeda.
concern 'ing, prep, idahtagya;

heorj.
concise', adj. ptecedai).
conclude', v. a. etaqhai) yu-

kdai) ; enakiya ; yustari ; ihuij-

niyaq.
concur', v. to concur with, ki-

ci tidai).
condemn', v. a. yaco ; te yado.
condescend', v. kun iyeidiya.
condi'tion, n. uqpi ; taku oi).
con'duct, n. oiaijyaijpi.
conduct', V. a. yus aya; iya-

yeya.
cone, n. wakeya iyececa.
confed'eracy, n. dakonkidi-

yapi.
confer', v. to confer with, kidi

wohdaka.
confess', v. wohdaka ; ohdaka.
confide', r. to confide in, waciij-

yai).
con'fldence, n. waciijyaijpi.
con'fine, n. ihaijke ; opapur).
confine', v. a. ka^ka hnaka.
confine 'ment, n. ka^ka hna-

kapi.
confirm.', v. a. yuedetu ; yusu-

ta.
confirma'tion, n. yiiedetnpi.

con'fiscate, v. a. ki ; widaki.
conflagra'tion, n. tai)kaya ide-

yapi.
con'flict, n. kidizapi.
con'fluence, n. mdoto.
conform', v. iyeden kaga ; iye-

cen edoi).
confound', v. yuididahi ; yuidi-

taijii) sni.
confront', v. takpe ; itkokipa.
eonfus'ed, part, wadiqhnuni.
confute', V. a. yainina ; yato-

keca.
congrat'iilate, v. kidi iyuskiij.
con'gregate, v. n. mnidiya.
congrega'tion, n. omnidiye.
con'gress, n. wida^ta kahnih

luniciyapi ; omnidiye.
conjec'ture, v. iyukdaij.
conjoin', v. idiyaskapa.
con'jure, v. wapiya ; pikiya ;

wakai) kaga.
con'jurer, n. wapiye s'a.
connect', v. a. idikoyagya ; ya-

zoi)ta ; yuzoijta.
connive', v. to connive at, iyo-

wiijkiya.
con'quer, v. a. ohiya ; ktedai).
con'quered, part. ktepidaij ;

ohiyapi.
con'queror, n. ohiye s'a.
con'quest, n. woohiye.
con'science, n. wawiyukdag.
con'scious, adj. kiksuya ; sdon-

ya.
con'secrate, v. a. yawaka^.
consent', v. a. widada ; iyo-

wigkiya.
con'sequently, adv. he etag-

har) ; heoi).
consid'er, v. a. awadiij ; awa-

ciq yaijka.
consis'tent, adj. oditkogza.
console', v. a. kidaijpta ; wadii)-

toi)bnagya.
consol'idate, v. a. yusuta ; yu-

oko^wai)zidai).
conspic'uous, adj. ipasotka.
conspic'uously, adv. taijii]-

yai) ; ipasotkaya.
con'stant, adj. okoqwaijiidai).
constema'tion, n. yusii)yeya-

pi.
con'stitute, v. a. kahniga.
constrain', v. a. ecorikiya.
construct', v. kaga.
consult', V. wiwaiiga ; idiwaij-
gapi ; aiekiya.

consulta'tion, n. aiapl; akii-

api.
consvime', v. by fire, huhnaga ;

huhnahya : by eating, temya ;

temkiya.
consump'tion, w. waiikte ;

cagu widayazai).
conta'gious, adj. mako^ide ;

aiyahpeya.
contain', v. lipi ; ohnaka.
contam'inate, v. a. yusida ;

asamya.
contenui', v. a. iwakiniyaq ;

ostehda.
con'template, v. awaciij ;

ewadii).
contempt', n. ostehdapi ; ^ide-

dakapi.
contempt'ible, adj. wahtesni.
contend', v. kidi edoi] ; akini-

ca.
content', adj. daqte waste.
conten'tious, adj. wakige.
con'test, n. edoijpidaq ; kidiza-
pi.
contig'uous, adj. idahtaka ;

ikiyedai).
eontin'ually, adv. ohii^niyai) ;

katiqyai).
contin'ue, v. n. edoi] yaqka ;

kitai).
contin'uously, adv. katiijyaij.
contract', v. n. namniga ; na-

tipa.
contradict', v. i en hiyeya.
contrast', v. a. idiwaqyaka.
contrib'ute, v. en ehpeya ; en

iyeya.
contribu'tion, n. wamnayaripi.
contri'tion, «. iyopeidiyapi ;

iyoki^icapi.
contrive', v. a. iyukcaij ; kaga.
control', V. a. edoqkiya.
con'troversy, n. wakinidapi.
contuma'cious, adj. wana-

hor) sni.
convales'cent, adj. asniyaijken

aya.
convene', v. n. witaya iheya ;

mnidiyapi.
conve'nient, adj. yuhapi wa-

4te ; uijpi wa^te.
converse', v. n. wohdaka ; ia.
convert', v. a. yutokeca; yu-

homni.
con'vex, adj. apahadai)ka.
convey', v. a. aya ; ai ; ahda ;
kaya ; kai ; kahda.

CON

292

CRO

convince', v. a. wicadakiya.
cook, V. a. spariyar) ; ohaq ;

pasnoi) ; cokii).
cook, n. wohekiyapi.
cook'ed, part, spaij.
cool, adj. cusni ; sni.
co-op'erate, v. a. okiya.
coot, n. a water-hen, ca;)hpai).
cop'per, n. mazasa.
copse, «. taskozu.
cop'ulate, V. a. hu ; kiyuha ;

tawi^toi).
cop'y, V. owa ; okaga.
cord, n. hatoijta : cord of wood,

car) paha.
core, n. cogiq.
cork, n. iostaijpi.
oor'morant, n. huqtka.
com, n. wamnaheza ; wahigske :

ears of corn, liuwapa ; wahuwa-

pa.
cor'ner, n. oise ; kalimii).
cor'nered, part, omdotoi].
corn-silk, n. natu.
corona 'tion, n. wateMagyapi.
corpse, n. wicasta ta-
cor'pulent, adj. cepe liiijca.
correct', adj. owotaijna ; hda-

heya.
correct', v. a. jruowotagna ;

kapsii)psii)ta.
correct'ly, adv. hdaheya ;

zunya.
correspond', v. icitkoi)za : to

correspond by letter, wowapi

kicicagapi.
corrode', v. aa.
corrupt', V. huQwii) ; iuqwii)-

kiya ; yusica.
corrup'tion, «. toi) ; tu^wii).
cost, n. iyuijwii) ; wiyopeyapi.
cos'tive, adj. oiyanic'a.
cost'ly, adj. teMke.
costume', n. ihduzapi.
COt'tage, n. tipi cistiijna.
COt'ton, n. miniBiuha.
cot'ton-^wood, n. waga.
couch., n. owiqza.
cough, V. hoipa.
coun'sel, n. wowahokorikiye.
coun'sel, v. a. wahokogkiya ;

iwahokorikiya.
coxint, V. yawa ; wayawa ; iya-

wa.
couh'tenance, n. ite; itoye;

itohnake.
count'less, adj. yawapida ^ni ;

wopteca^ni.

coun'try, n. makoce.
cou'ple, n. napin ; norjpa ; sa-

kini ; tawaqzi.
cour'age, n. wadiwic'atake.
courage'ous, adj. waditaka.
course, n. caijku : in such a

course, kakiyotar) : of course,

nakaes.
court, V. a. wiokiya ; okiya.
court, n. court-yard, hocoka.
eou'sin, n. a man's male cousin,

tahaijsi ; female, haijka^i : a

woman's male cousin, icjesi and

^i(5esi; female, icepai)si.
cov'enant, n. wohduze; wi-

coui) ; wicotakuye.
cov'er, n. iha ; akalipe ; woa-

kalipe.
cov'er, V. akahpa ; akahpetoij ;

ahdahpa ; aihdahpa.
cov'ering, n. akalipe.
cov'ertly, adv. anahbeyahai) ;

anakihbeya.
cov'et, V. a. koi) ; caijtiheya ;

asii).
cov'etous, arf;. waic'udukteca;

wakitehi.
covr, n. pte wanuijyaijpi.
COAV'ard, n. canwarika.
co^w'ardice, n. canwaijkapi.
co"w'ardly, adj. canwaijka.
crah, n. craw-fish, matuska.
crab'-apple, n. taspai)tai)ka.
crack, n. oko ; onaptuza.
crack, v. yuptuza ; baptuia ;

boptuza ; kaptuza ; naptuza ;

paptuia.
cra.ck'ed, part, ptuzahag ; mde-

cahai).
erack'le, v. n. penakpakpa ; na-

papaga.
cra'dle, n. ohna hok^iyo^opa

nahuhuzapi ; iyo^opa.
erag'ged, part, imniia pepeya

hiyeya.
cram, v. opuskida.
cramp, v. kai) natipa.
cran 'berry, n. potkaijka ; po-

tpaijka.
crane, n. pehag ; pehagsaij ;

pehaijgidai).
cra'nium, n. nasuhu.
crank, n. ihupa.
crave, v. kida ; cii) higca.
cra-w'fish, n. matuska.
cravrl, V. 11. wiqta ; sdohai) : to

crawl up to carefully, nasdata ;

anahdata.

cra'zy, adj. wacil)hnuni.
creak, v. n. kapigza.
cream, n. pte asaijpi ihdi.
create', «. a. kaga; icalya.
erea'tion, ?;. woic'age.
erea'tor, n. waicalive.
crea'ture, n. taku idahyapi.
ered'ible, adj. wicadapica.
cred'it, v. wicada : to give

credit to, icazokiya : get on

credit, icazo.
cred'iting, «. oicazo.
cred'itor, n. ikicazo.
creek, n. wakpadaij.
creep, v. wiqta ; win mani : to

creep or slip on, asdohag : creep

as a louse, asniyagyai).
creep'ing, part, wigtapi.
cres'cent, n. hagyetu wi mibe

sni.
crest, n. wCicighe.
CTB'W, 11. watopapi kii).
crick'et, n. hehakac'aijteya^ni-

^niza.
cri'er, n. eyaijpaha.
crime, n. woahtani ; woahope

kicaksapi.
crimi'inate, v. a. iyaogpa.
crim'son, adj. sa ; duta.
crip 'pie, n. tuwe hu^te.
crip'ple, V. a. hu^teya.
crisp, V. n. natipa.
crit'icise, v. iapi yukcagkcai),
crock'ery, n. maka wak^ica.
crook, V. a. yuksai) ; yuwigza ;

yuktai) ; yu^kopa ; kaskopa.
crook'ed, part, skopa ; ktai) ;

pako.
crop, n. tezi.
cross, n. cagsusbec'a.
cross, adj. waciijko ; ociij^ic'a ;

wawidariksi.
cross, V. to ford, iyuwega ; aka-

sagpa ya; a crossing-place, oi-

yuwege.
cross'ly, adv. ic'agksiya.
cross'^wise, adv. hdakiijyai) ;

icipaweh.
crotch, n. cagiata ; oiate.
crouch, V. 11. makata waqka ;

patu^ inazii).
croup, n. dote wic'ayazag.
cro"W, V. aijpaohotoijna hotoij.
crew, n. ui)cisicadag.
cro'wd, n. wicota.
cro"wd, V. ipuskin yukagpi.
croAvd'ed, part, akipsapia ; oci-

kag^ni.

CRO

293

DEC

crown, n. watesdake : crown

of the head, pesdete.
crown, V. a. watesdake kica-

tOl).

cru'cifix, n. daijsusbeca kagapi.

cru'cify, V. a. icipaweh oka-
tai).

eru'el, adj. waoijsida sni.

cruise, n. Una watopekiyapi.

crum'bled, part, mduwahai) ;
lipuwahai).

crum'bs, n. oyaptapi.

cruse, «. zai)iai).

crush, V. kasuia ; yusuia ; bo-
suia.

crutch, n. caijsagye.

cry, V. ceya : to make procla-
mation, eyaqpaha : to cry or
pray to, cekiya ; hoyekiya : to
cry for, aceya ; akiceya : to cry
out, hotoi) ; ^idahowaya ; aho-
toi).

crys'talline, adj. kohdi.

cub, re. waclqcadai).

cu'bit, n. wicispa.

eu'cumber, n. saka yutapi yu-
Hilii.

oufi^ n. napokaske.

cufl^ V. a. nape oi) apa.

0\lll, V. a. kalinih pahi.

cul'pable, adj. iyaoijpepica.

cul'tivate, v. a. kicaijyar).

eum'frey, n. t-ito.

cu'mulate, v. mnayai).

cun'ning, adj. ksapa.

cup, n. wiyatke ; miniyatke.

cup'boajd, n. waksica opiye.

curb, V. kisic'a ; yutitai).

curd, n. pteasaijpi suta.

cure, V. a. asniyai) ; asnikiya ;
okiziya.

cu'rious, adj. wakaq.

curl, V. lia ; yuha ; nahmuq.

curl, n. of hair, ovvirige ; pe-
sdete owiijge.

curly, adj. curly head, pa yuia.

cur'rant, n. taptaheza ; capta-
heza.

cur'rent, n. minicaduza.

cvir'ry, v. a. kpa:)yai) ; kakca.

curse, V. a. yasica.

curs'ed, part, ya^icapi.

curtail', v. a. yuptecedaij.

cur'tains, n. ozaijpi.

curv'ed, part, skopa ; ktaq ;
ksai).

cus'tody, n. awaijyakapi ; wi-
caka^kapi.

cus'tom, n. wicohai).

cut, V. a. to cut off, baksa ; ka-
ksa ; hdaksa ; yuksa : to cut
or engrave, bago : cut a gash,
bahoi) : cut off a piece, baspa ;
kaspa : cut out, as a gar-
ment, yupta ; bapta : cut or
shave off, kasai) ; kasda; ba-
sda ; yusda : cut off clean, ba-
smi : cut on, abaksa ; aka-
ksa ; abakpai) : cut up, as meat,
pata : cut into strips, abaso ; ba-
so ; soso : cut all up, bapota ;
bakpai).

cu'ticle, n. uka.

cut 'ting-board, n. cai) abapte ;
cai) abakpai).

cym'bal, n. cai)dowar)kiyapi.

D.

dab'ble, v. ohpaijkiya.
dag'ger, n. isai) anog ope.
dai'ly, adv. aqpetu iyohi.
dai'sy, n. liiriyarjtai).
dale, n. osmaka.
dam, n. deyaka.
dam, V. a. ceyaka kaga.
dam'age, v. a. yu^ica.
damp, adj. tMi) ; tariyaij puza

^ni.
dam'sel, w. wikoska.
dance, n. wacipi.
dance, v. n. waci.
dan'dle, v. a. kihna.
dan'drufi) n. pa giijgiijca.
dan'ger, n. wowokipe ; kopa.
dan'gerous, adj. -wakokipe.
dan'gerously, adv. okokipe-

ya ; kokipeyahai).
dan'gle, v. ozezeya.
dan'gling, part, boya se ; ka-

pemnimniyaq ; kasbupi ; waka-

sbupi.
dap 'pled, adj. hdeska^ka.
dare, v. aotohnaka.
dar'ing, adj. waditaka ; wohi-

tika.
dar'ingly, adv. ohitiya.
dark, adj. tpaza : dark on, atpa-

za ; aokpaza : dark-complex-
ioned, ha stai).
dar'ken, v. a. otpasya ; aotpas-

ya.
dark'ness, n. okpaza.
dar'ling, n. hoksincaijtb'yapi ;

iyotaijdakapi.
dam, V. a. pasisa kagege.

dart, V. a. kahoya iyeya.

dart, n. wahukeza.

dash, V. dash to pieces, kamden

iyeya.
date, n. omaka kagapi.
daub, V. a. kastaka ; akastaka ;

ostagya ; otkamya.
daugh'ter, n. cui)k^i : his or

her daughter, c'uijksitku.
daugh'ter-in-la-w, n. takos ;

takosku : my daughter-in-law,

mitakos.
daiint, V. a. wakokipe kic'aga.
davrn, n. aijpao ; aijpa kamde-

za ; aijpa.
davm, V. ai)pao.
day, n. aijpetu ; c'ai) : by day,

aijposkan ; aqposkantu.
day 'light, n. ai^pao.
day'star, n. aijpao wicaijlipi.
daz'zled, part, istosniia.
dead, n. the dead, wicata.
dead, adj. ta ; seda.
dead'en, v. a. kaseda.
deaf, adj. noge kpa.
deal, V. to deal out, widakipa-

mni ; pamni.
dear, adj. teliike.
dearth, n. magaiu wanida.
death, n. widorite.
debase', v. a. yu^ida; yuwa-

hpanida.
debate', v. a. akinida.
debate', n. woakinida.
debauch', w. yu^ida; ihdu^ica.
debauchee', n. witko s'a.
debil'ity, n. widastaka.
debt, n. idazopi.
debt'or, n. idazo.
dec'alogue,«. woahope wikde-

mna.
decamp', v. n. ihdaka.
decay', v. haijye ; liuijwiq aya.
deceit', n. wohnaye.
deceit'ful, adj. wahnayaij.
deceit'fully, adv. iianya.
deceive', v. a. hnayai).
Decem'ber, n. Tahedap^uq-wi.
de'cent, adj. oiyokipi.
decep'tion, n. wohnaye ; wi-

cahnayai] .
decide', v. a. yukdai) ; yado.
deck, v. a. wakoyaka ; wahda-

pa.
declare', v. a. oyaka; yaotai)-

ii).
decline', v. as one sick, haij-

yao.

DEC

2^4

DEV

dec'orate, v. a. heyake wa^te-
ste ki(Jui).

decoy', v. a. linayai).

decrease', v. aoptepten aya.

decree', v. yaco ; koijza.

ded'icate, v. a. yuwakai) ; yu-
■wohduze.

deed, n. an action, \vicoliar).

deem, v. yukcaij.

deep, adj. sma ; temahetuya.

deep, n. mini sbe.

deep'en, v. yusma.

deep'ly, adv. yu^beya; tema-
hetuya.

deer, M. taliiijca; male, tamdo-
ka; female, tawiyedai).

deface', v. a. paiuiu ; yu^apa.

defama'tion, «. aiapi.

defame', v. a. aia.

defeat', v. a. ktedaq.

defeat', n. ktepidaij.

defect', 11. oi)spa i\i,&.

defec'tive, adj. osteka; ipiij-
ta.

defence', n. caqkaskapi.

defend', v. a. okiya ; iciya.

defer', v. yutehai) ; ito kihnaka.

defi'ance, n. wicakis iapi.

defile', v. a. yusapa.

define', v. oyaka.

deform', v. a. yu^ica ; wayu^i-
ca.

deform'ed, adj. osteka.

defraud', v. a. makinoij.

defray', v. a. kazuiu.

defy', V. a. wicakis ia.

degen'erate, v. n. sic'a aya.

degrade', v. a. yuhukuya.

de'ify, v. a. taku Wakaijtaqka
ya.

deject'ed, part, iyokisica.

delay', v. yutehaij ; ape yaijka.

del'egate, n. holiyeyapi.

delib'erate, v. akiia.

del'ieate, adj. y/aite.

deli'cious, adj. oiyokipi ; wa^te
liiijca.

delight', V. to delight in, iyii-
skiq ; wa^tedaka : cause to de-
light in, iyuski^kiya.

delight', n. wowiyuskii).

delight'ful, adj. owastec'ake
hiijca.

delin'eate, v. a. owa.

delin'queney, n. okasnapi.

delir'ious, adj. waciqhnuni.

delir'ium-tremens, n. witko
wavazag.

deliv'er, v. a. yuspa ; kiyu^pa ;

kiyu^ka ; ehdaku : deliver from,

ekidihdaku.
deliv'ered, ]xirt. ehdakupi ;

ciijoatoi).
deliv'erance, n. ehdakupi ;

yuipapi.
delude', v. a. hnayaij.
del'uge, n. minitai) ; ominitaq.
del'uge, V. a. aminitaijya.
dem'agogue, n. pasipika.
demand', v. a. da ; kida.
demol'ish, v. a. yuiuiu; pa-

hpa.
de'mon, n. wakai) ^ic'a.
dem'onstrate, v. a. yawic'aka ;

yaotai)ii).
demor'alize, v. a. yuwic'a^ta-

sni.
demur', v. cetuijhda.
den, n. makohdoka ; wamaniti ;

wasui).
deni'al, n. anakihmaqpi.
denomina'tion, n. obe.
denote', v. a. caieyata.
denounce', v. a. aia ; o^tehda.
dense, adj. akip^apsa : a dense

forest, ta^kozu ; otehi.
dent, V. oyahdoka ; onaidoka.
deny', J7. anakihma; 'hiya,' eya;

ipida.
depart', v. n. ya ; hda ; ihdaka.
depart'ed, part, iyaya ; kihda.
depend', v. ikoyaka : to depend

upon, waciijyar) ; ihduzeze ui).
deplore', v. a. ac'eya.
depltune', v. a. yuiui).
depop'ulate, v. a. oyate kii)

wicayusota.
depose', v. a. heyata iyeya.
depos'it, V. kihnaka ; wakihna-

ka: deposit for one, ekicihnaka.
depos'it, n. wakihnakapi.
deprav'ed, adj. ohari sic'a ; ta-

■\vacii) sica ; eca ^ida.
deprav'ity, n. woahtani.
depre'ciate, v. a.^ yawasaka-

dai) ; wasakadai) aya.
depre'ciating, part, walaka-

dai) aya.
depress'ed, part, paraahdedai)

UI) ; iyokisica.
deprive', v. ekicihdaku ; ki.
depth, n. wosbe.
depute', V. a. yesi.
derang'ed, adj. hnaskigyai).
deride', !). a. ihaha; ui)da.
deri'sion, n. ihahapi.

derive', v. etaijhai] idu.
descend', v. n. kun ya ; apa-

mahde ya.
descent', n. apamahde waqke.
describe', v. a. oyaka ; yao-

tariii).
descry', v. a. waijyaka.
des'ecrate, v. a. yuwakai) ^ni ;

yusida.
des'ert, n. hewoskan ; mako-

skan.
desert', v. a. ehpeya ; ayustag.
deserve', v. n. iyekidihai)tu.
design', v. a. yukdai) ; owa.
desire', v. a. caqtokpani ; dii) ;

dai)tiheya.
desist', V. ayustai) ; iyakicui)ni.
des'olate, adj. isnana ehpe-

yapi.
despair', v. okitpanii^ida.
des'perate, adj. hna^kiqyai) ;

mdeze ^ni.
despise', v. a. wahteda^ni ;

aktasni ; iwakiniyai).
despoil', V. a. ki.
despond', v. n. wadipibosaka.
des'tine, v. a. yado ; kicoi)za.
des'tiny, n. wakidoqzapi.
des'titute, adj. wahpanida ;

nica ; dodap ui).
destroy', v. a. yuiuiu ; yuta-

kunisni ; ihai)gya ; awihnuniya ;

bopota ; bowanin iyeya ; bota-

kunisni.
destruc'tion, n. wldotakuni-

sni.
destruc'tively, adv. awihun-

niyai).
detach', v. a. yu^ka ; yuspu.
detail', v. edekcen oyaka.
detain', v. a. anica.
detect', V. a. iyeya.
deter', v. a. wakokipe kidaga.
detest', t'. a. iidedaka; hitihda.
detes'table, adj. wahte^ni.
detract', v. a. etaqhai) idu ; ya-

sida.
dev'astate, v. waihai)gya.
devel'ope, v. a. yataijii) ; yu-

tariii).
de'viate, v. idui)om iyaya.
dev'il, n. wakaqsida.
devise', v. yukcai).
devoid', adj. devoid of, nida ;

idakiza.
devote', v. yuwakai).
devour', v. a. temya ; temki-

ya ; watemya.

DEV

295

DIS

devour'er, n. watemya ; wai-

haijgya.
devout, adj. waohoda.
d&w, n. cu.
de'w'drop, n. cumnise.
devr'y, adj. cusni.
dexterity, n. okaRopi.
dex'terous, adj. wayupika.
dex'terously, adv. wayupiya.
di'adem, n. wicastayatapi ta-

waciijhe.
diag'onally, adv. kaitemya ;

kaoliya.
di'agram, n. owapi.
di'alect, n. iapi.
dl'alogue, n. uijma itoto iapi.
diam'eter, m. ohdakiqyai).
di'amond, n. oli'e ; iijyaq teii-

ka.
di'aper, n. adeia.
di'aphragm, n. page.
diarrhoe'a, n. kaiopi.
dice, n. kaqsu.
dictate', v. oyaka; okiyaka.
dic'tionary, n. wic'oie wowapi.
did, V. ecoi).
die, V. n. \a..
di'et, n. wo.

differ, v. oc'itkoqze sni ; tokeca.
difference, n. it is no differ-
ence, etai)hai) tokeca ; etaqhag

itokeca sni.
different, adj. tokeca.
differently, adv. togye.
dlf ficiolt, adj. teiika ; oskiske.
diffident, adj. wisteca.
diffuse', V. kahtaq.
dig, V. a. )f.a ; o^ta ; to dig on,

aka : dig as tipsiijna, bopta.
dig'nify, V. a. yuonihai).
dig'nity, n. kinihaijpi.
digress', v. icugom iyaya ; iyo-

wazasni ia.
dilap'idated,^ar<. iuzuwahag.
dilate', v. n. taqka aya.
dil'atory, adj. kuia.
dil'atorily, adv. icuijsya.
dil'igent, adj. miniheca ; ic'o-

mni sni ; ai(Jiciya.
dil'igently, adv. minihenya ;

ai(Jiciya.
dim, adj. owotaijiijsni ; idtoteuij-

ia.
dimin'ish, v. yutonana; yuci-

stiijna.
dim'ly, adv. taijyai) taijig ^ni.
dine, v. n. wiyotaijhai) \vota.
din'gy, adj. sotkazi

din'ner, n. -vriyotaijhaii wotapi.
dip, v. to dip into, opuktai) : dip

out, kage : dip up, ipamuijg

icu.
dip 'per, n. iyokapte ; miniyo-

kastai).
direct', adj. owotaijna; ako-

kam.
direct', v. a. okiyaka ; ekta

epazo ; eooi) si.
direc'tion, n. in what direction,

tokiyotai) ; heciyotaij ; kakiyo-

tai).
direct'ly, adv. atayedai) ; owo-

tagna ; tokesta.
dirk, n. isaq anog ope.
dirt, n. maka ; watusekseca ;

up^iza ; wakpukpa.
dir'ty, adj. sapa.
dlr'ty, V. a. asamya ; yusapa ;

acesdi.
disa'ble, v. a. okitpaniya.
disagree', v. ocitkoijzapi sni.
disagree 'able, adj. as the

weather, kihaq^ica.
disallo'w', V. a. iyokisni.
disappear', v. n. taijii) sni

iyaya.
disappoint', v. a. hnayaij.
disarm', v. a. wipe ekiciyaku ;

wakiyuza.
disbelieve', v. a. cetuqhda.
discern', v. yukcfaq ; waqyaka.
discharge', v. a. wahetaiu.
disci'ple, n. waoqspekiyapi.
dis'cipline, n. wooijspe ; 013-

spekiyapi.
disclose', v. a. yutaqii) ; yatai)-

\X).

disconnect 'ed,^rt. zuqteM.
discon'solate, adj. iyokisica.
discontent'ed, adj. icomni.
dis'cord, n. owodutatoi) ; kici-

zapi.
discoun'tenance, v. a. tehiij-

da.
discour'age, v. a. wadii] ibo-

^agya.
discour'aged, ^ar^ waciij ibo-

saka.
discourse', v. n. wohdaka.
discov'er, v. a. iyeya ; waijyag

iheya.
discreet', adj. ksapa.
discuss', V. akinic'a.
disdain', v. a. wahtedaini,
disease', n. wowayazai).
disembark', v. hen ihai).

disengage', v. a. yuspa.
disengag'ed, part, owagii yaij-

ka.
disfig'ure, v. yusica.
disgrace', n. wowistede.
disgrace', v. a. istenya; he-

yata iyeya.
disguise', v. a. anakihma.
dish, n. waksica.
disheax'ten, v. a. waciq ibo-

sagya.
dishear'tened, pari, waciq

ibosaka.
dishev'elled, pari, as hair,

payuha.
dishon'est, adj. owotaqna sni.
dishon'orable, adj. wicasta-

sni.
dishon'orably, adv. kinihaq-

sniyai).
dishorn', v. a. he kap^ui).
disinclin'ed, pari, tawatenye

sni.
disijoin', v. a. yuspa ; kiyuspa ;

yukinukai) ehnaka.
disjoint', v. a. bapsuij iyeya.
dislike', v. a. wastedake sni ;

iwahtedasni.
dis'locate, v. a. huha kapsui) ;

papsui) ; napsui).
dis'mal, adj. osicec'ake.
dismay'ed, 2^rt. yusiijyeyapi.
dismiss', v. a. ayustaq si; ki-

hdeya.
dismount', v. n. ipsic'a.
disobe'dient, adj. waanago-

ptaijsni.
disobe'diently, adv. wanahoq-

sni.
disobey', v. anagoptaq sni.
diso'WTi', v. a. tawaye sni.
dispatch', v. a. jeli.
dispatch', n. ohaqwicakopi.
dispense', v. wawic'aku.
disperse', v. n. enanakiya eya-

ya- _ ,. . , '

dispir'ited, part, waciq ibosa-
ka.

displace', v. a. tokaq ehnaka.

display', v. pazo ; yuotaqiij.

displease', v. a. c'aijteoki^Junin-
ya; iyokisinya.

displeas'ed, part, caqniyaq ;
sihda.

dispose', v. a. to arrange, ehna-
ka : dispose of, pagaq ; tpagaq.

disposi'tion, n. tawaciq ; ta-
waciq wa^te.

DIS

296

DUS

dis'putant, n. waakinica.
disputa'tion, n. akinic'api ; wo-

akinica.
dispute', V. akinic'a.
disregard', v. wamnadasni ;

aktasni.
dissect', V. pata.
dissem'ble, v. anahmai].
dissim'ilar, adj. iyecec'e sni.
dis'sipated, part, witko s'a.
dissolve', v. n. skaq.
dissuade', v. a. ec'oij sni si.
dis'tance, n. distance between,

iyotahedai) : far off, tehai) : a

short distance, askadai).
dis'tant, adv. tehaij, itehaij.
distem'per, n. wowayazai) ;

makosica.
distend', v. n. kapo.
distinct', adj. tokeca.
distinct'ly, adv. taijipyaij.
distin'guish, v. uijma tukte e

oyaka.
distract'ed, adj. wac'iqktoq-

ktoijia.
distress', n. wokakiie.
distress', v. a. kakisya.
distrib'ute, v. a. pamni ; wica-

kipamni.
distribu'tion, n. kicipamnipi.
distrust', V. a. cetui)hda.
disturb', v. a. nagiyeya.
disturb'ance, w. owodutatoq.
ditch, 11. osmaka.
dive, V. n. kihnuka.
di'ver, n. wakihnuka.
diverse', adj. toktokec'a.
divert', v. a. magagaya ; tokaq

iyayeya.
divest', V. a. yusdoka ; hdu-

sdoka.
divide', v. a. kiyuspa; kinu-

kai) ehnaka ; pamni.
divine', adj. wakaq.
divine', v. ayate.
divi'ner, n. waayate s'a.
divi'sion, n. kiyuspapi ; wopa-

mni.
divorce', n. kidipagaijpi.
divulge', V. a. oyaka.
diz'zy, adj. itohomni.
do, V. edori ; hecoi) ; tokoi) : to

do to, ecakic'oi).
do'cile, adj. okiijyui) wa^te ;

walibadai) ; walibaka.
doo'tor, n. pezihutawidasta.
doo'trine, n. wooijspe.
dodge, V. napa.

doe, n. tawiyeda^.
do'er, n. waecoi) s'a.
dog, n. surika.
dog'gish, adj. ohai)sui)keo'a.
dog'^wood, n. cai)sa^aliii)ca.
do'ing, part, eeoqpi.
doll, n. hoksinkagapi.
dol'lar, n. mazaska taijka.
domain', n. en ouijyaijpi.
domes'tic, adj. wanuijyaijpi :
domestic cattle, ptewanuqyaijpi :
domestic fowls, anpaohotorina.
domes'ticate, v. a. nuijyai).
dona'tion, n. wica^^upi.
done, 2>art. yustaqpi ; ecoijpi.
do'nor, n. wawica^u.
doom, V. a. yac'o.
doom, n. woyaco.
door, n. tiyopa.
dor'mant, adj. istiqma yaijka.
dor'mitory, n, oistiqma tipi.
dose, n. 0U5 waijiidai) ; wai)-

cadai) yatkaijpi.
dot, V. wapetogtoi).
dot, n. wapetogtoi)pi.
dou'ble, adj. icitakihna ; akipa^.
dou'ble, V. pehai) ; yukipaza.
doubt, V. ceturihda ; token wa-

cii) yuza taijii) ini.
doubt'ful, adj. toketu taijiq

sni ; iha, eyapi.
dough, n. aguyapi ^pai) ^ni.
dove, n. tin-wakiyedai).
dovm, n. hiriyazic'e.
doAvn, adv. kfiya; kun; apa-
mahde : down stream, itokat ;
okali : down towards, as a lake,
kaijye ; ikaijye.
dovrn'^wards, adv. kutkiya ;

apamalide.
doxol'ogy, n. Wakaijtaqka ido-

waijpi.
doze, V. n. oguijga.
drab, adj. saq.
drag, V. yusdohai).
dragoon', n. akicita suktaijka

akan yotaijkapi.
drain, n. osmaka.
drain, v. oyale aya.
dram, n. mini wakaq oyatke

waijzidai).
drank, part, yatkaij ; yaiepa.
dra"w, V. toksu ; watoksu ; yu-
sdohai) ; yutitai) : to draw out,
yuiui) : to suck, yazoka : to
draw the trigger on, ayukiiza :
draw a bow, ecate and akate.
dread, v. kokipa.

dread'ful, adj. wokokipe hiqc'a.
dream, v. n. ihaijmna; ihai)-
mde : to dream wakai), hai)-
mde : tell dreams, hai)mdohdag
ia.
dream'er, n. wihaijmde s'a.
dregs, M. c'eteta kata ihai).
drench'ed, part, spaya.
dress, re. wokoyake ; taku ko-

yakapi.
dress, v. wokoyake ki(Jui) ; ko-

yaka.
dri'ed, part, pusyapi : dried on,

iyasaka.
drift, V. n. kahboka ; okahboka ;

ibomdu.
drift, n. a snow drift, wogai) :

drift wood, cai) icoge.
drink, v. a. yatkaq ; wayatkai).
drip, V. n. sbu.
drive, v. a. kaliapa.
driv'er, re. wicakahape.
driz'zling, jiart. minibozai).
drool, V. re. imni^taii au.
droop, V. re. ^ni^ aya.
drop, V. ihn ; sbuya : to let

fall, yu^na.
dross, re. gii)gir)ca; hegiijc'a.
drought, re. opuza.
drove, re. optaye ; ospaye.
drO'WTi, V. re. minin ta.
drovr'sy, adj. hba.
drug, re. peiihuta.
drum, re. caqcega.
drum, V. a. caijcega apa ; daij-

cega kabu.
drum'stick, re. icabu.
dnink, adj. witko.
drunk'ard, n. witko s'a.
dry, adj. puza : thirsty, ipuza.
dry, V. a. pusya : to dry on,

apuza.
duck, re. magaksica ; pagoqta ;
suksaijkadai) ; skiska ; cukcaij ;
hotadai) ; kikataqka.
due, re. icazopi iyohiyapi sni.
du'el, re. kicicutipi.
dug, part. t:api.
dull, adj. pesni ; toza.
dumb, adj. iapi okitpani.
dxui, V. icazopi kic'a.
dunce, re. witkotkoka.
dung, re. tac'esdi.
du'rable, adj. tpa ; tehaij suta.
du'ring, adv. ic'uijhai).
dusk, re. kitaijna otpaza.
dust, re. maka ; watu^ek^eda ;
wakpukpeca.

DWA

297

ENJ

dwarf, n. wicaci^adaq ; stui)-

kadaq.
dwell, V. n. ouqye.
d-weU'ing, n. tipi.
dye, V. a. to dye red, saya ; to dye

blue, toya, etc.
dys'entery, n. kazopi.

E.

each, adj. otoiyolii ; iyohi.
ea'ger, adj. cio hiijca.
ea'gle, n. waijmdi ; liuya ;

anogpaska.
ea'glet, n. liuya ciqca.
ear, n. nogo ; wicanoge ; nakpa :

ear-rings, oil) pi : ear of com,

wahuwap;!.
eai'ly, adv. kohaqna; Laijhag-

na hii).
earn, v. a. kamna.
ear'nest, adj. in earnest, awica-

kehai).
ear'nestly, adv. kitaqyai).
earth, n. maka.
earth'en, adj. maka oi) kagapi.
earthly, adj. makata taqhai).
earth'quake, n. maka ^kaq-

skar).
ease, n. owicazi.
ea'sily, adv. teMimjai).
east, «. wiyohiyaijpata.
east'"wards, adv. wiyohiyaqpa

taijhai).
eat, V. yuta ; wota : to eat up,

temya ; temkiya : eat greedily,

akaska.
eat'able, adj. yunpica.
eat'er, n. a great eater, wote

s'a.
ebh, V. n. oyahe aya.
ech'o, V. yaiyowaza ; kaiyowaza.
eclipse', n. wi ataqiq sni iyaya.
eeonom'ical, adj. wakpatai) ;

wakitoi)toi)ka.
ed'dy, n. miniomni.
edge, n. ihagke ; upi ; opapui) ;

ope.
ed'ifice, n. tipi.
ed'ify, V. a. yuksapa ; oijspe-

kiya.
ed'itor, n. wotaijiij wowapi ka-

ge oil).
ed'ucate, v. a. icahya ; waoij-

spekiya.
eel, n. howamdu^ka.
efikce', v. a. pazuiu ; kazuzu.
effect', V. a. okihi ; yustag.
38

efffec'tual, adj. wawokihiya.

effervesce', v. ipiga.

efl&ea'cious, adj. okihi.

effii'cient, adj. wawokihi.

effort, n. iyutapi : to make ef-
fort, iyuta.

egg, n. witka : the egg of a goose,
magi itka : the white of an egg,
itkaska ; the yolk, itkazice.

egotis'tic, adj. ihdataq.

eight, num. adj. sahdogai).

eigh'teen, num. adj. ake sa-
lidogai).

eigh'teenth, num. adj. lake Sa-
hdogai).

eighth, nu7n. adj. isahdogai).

eigh'tieth, num. adj. iwikc'e-
mna sahdogai).

eigh'ty, imm. adj. wikcemna
sahdogai).

ei'ther, adj. uqma tukte ; uq-
raa tukte kaSta.

elas'tic, adj. kikita.

elSi'teA, part, wiyuskii) ; witai)-
tai).

erboTV, n. ispa ; iSpase : to el-
bow, panini.

el'der, n. ipapope.

el'der or eldest, adj. tokapa.

elect', V. a. kal'miga.

elec'tion, ». wokahnige.

el'egant, adj. waste hiqca.

el'evate, v. a. yuwai)kan icu.

elev'en, num. adj. ake wai)zi-
dai).

elev'enth, num. adj. iake waq-
iidai).

elk, n. helaka; upaq.

elm, n. pe ; pe ikceka : slip-
pery elm, pe tutupa : rock elm,
pe itazipe.

elope', V. nahmana iyaya.

else, adv. kii)hai)S.

else'-where, adv. tokai) ; ato-
kai).

elude', V. a. anahbe ; nahma.

ema'ciated, adj. tamahec'a ;
liaqye.

em'anate, v. n. etaqhaq hiyu.

eman'cipate, v. a. kiyuska ;
yuska.

embalm', v. a. wastemnaya.

embark', v. wata en opa.

embel'lish, v. a. waite kaga ;
ayuco kaga.

em'bers, «. petaga.

embez'zle, v. a. manoi).

em'blem, n. wiyacigpi.

embrace', v. a. adokso; ado-

ksohai) icu ; poskin yuza ; ka-

skita yuza.
embroi'der, v. a. apahdantoi) ;

wipata.
embroi'dery, n. wipatapi.
emerge', v. n. hinapa.
emet'ic, n. oi) hdepapi.
em'igrate, v. n. makoce toke-

ca en iyotaqka.
em'inent, adj. tai)ka.
emit', v.a. hiyuya.
em'peror, n. wicaStayatapi

tai)ka.
employ', v. a. ec'oi)kiya ; yu-

ba.
emp'ty, adj. cokadarj ; taku-

dai) ohnaka sni : to empty, yu-

cokadai).
ena'ble, v. a. okihiya.
enact', v. a. yuec'etu.
encamp', v. iwaqka ; eti.
encamp'ment, n. owai)ka ;

oeti ; otiwota.
enchain', v. a. kaska bnaka.
encir'cle, v. a. okibeya ; aoki-

boya ; aohduteya.
eneom'pass, v. a. ohomni ya.
encoun'ter, v. a. takpe ; itkoki-

pa.
encour'age, v. a. iyopaStaka.
encroach', v. a. aokagec'a.
end, n. owihaqke ; ihai)ke ; ii)-

kpa ; yustaqpi : at the end, ii)-

kpata.
end, V. a. yustai) ; ihai)gya.
endea'vor, v. a. iyuta ; ecoi)

uta.
end'less, adj. owihai)ke wani-

c'a.
endow', v. a. aihpeya.
endure', v. n. okihi ; akpaspa :

to be capable of endurance, wa-

kiS'aka.
en'emy, n. toka : to count as

an enemy, t6kaya.
en'ergy, n. wowaS'ake.
en'ervate, v. a. yuwas'akc sni.
enfee'ble, v. a. hustagya.
enfee'bled, part, hustaka.
enforce', v. a. yuwaS'aka ; yu-

suta ; ecoi)kiya.
Eng'lish, n. Sagdasii) : the

English language, SagdaSii) iapi

or Isai)tai)ka iapi.
engrave', v. a. bago ; pago.
enhance', v. a. tehike kaga.
enjoin', v. a. ec'oqSi.

ENJ

298

EXH

enjoy', v. a. iyuskirj.
enjoy'ment, n. wowiyuskii).
enlarge', v. a. yutaqka ; taqka

enligh'ten, v. a. iyoyamya.
enli'ven, v. a. magagaya.
en'mity, n. tokakic'iyapi ; caq-

niyekiciyapi.
en'nui, n. icomnipi.
enor'mous, adj. taqka liiijca.
enough', adv. ota ; henakeca.
enrage', v. a. ^ihdaya.
enrag'ed, 2Mrt. sihda.
enrich', v. a. wizinya.
enrol', v. a. owic'awa.
en'sign, n. wiyokihedai).
enslave', v. a. wowidagya ;

wayaka wicayuha.
entan'gle, v. a. yulialia.
en'ter, v. n. mahen ya ; tin ya.
en'terprising, adj. okihii^Jida.
entertain', v. a. wonwicaya ;

magagaya.
entice', v. a. hnayaij.
entire', adj. ocowasiq ; ece-

hna.
en'tralls, n. supe.
en 'trance, M. tiyopa ; ohna ya-

pi c'e.
entrap', v. a. limuqka.
entreat', v. a. cekiya.
enu'merate, v. a. iyawa ; ya-

wa.
enumera'tion, n. iyawapi ;

wiyawapi.
envel'ope, v. a. iyapemni ;

oheyuq.
en'velope, n. oheyui).
en'vious, adj. nawizi.
en'viously, adv. icekiijyai).
en'vy, n. nawizipi ; wowinawizi.
en'vy, v. a. inawizi ; icekii).
ep'aulette, n. hiyete obohei-

]ici.
ephem'eral, adj. askayedaq.
ep'icure, n. iya ; wote s'a.
epidem'ic, n. makosica.
ep'ilepsy, n. kag natipa.
e'quahle, adj. okoijwaijiidai).
e'qual, adj. ocitkoriza; akide-

ceca ; napintu.
e'qually, adv. iyecen ; akide-

cenya.
equanim'ity, n. tawaciij waij-

zidai).
equa'tor, n. maka (fokaya.
equidis'tant, adj. iyehaqyaij ;

icihehai)yai].

equip', V. a. wipe ki(;uq.
eq'uipage, n. wipe ; wotawe.
eq'uitable, adj. owotaqna.
eq'uity, n. woowotaijna.
equiv'alent, adj. iyecen ya-

wapi.
erad'ioate, v. a. yu^ui).
erase', v. a. pazuzu.
ere, adv. itokam : ere long,

edadai).
erect', adj. bosdan liai) : owo-

taqna.
erect'ness, n. obosdatu.
er'mine, n. hitnqkasarj.
err, v. n. nuni : yusna ; walita-

ni.
er'rand, n. wocii).
erro'neous, adj. hec'etu^ni.
er'ror, n. yusnapi.
erup'tion, n. awicahinapa.
escape', v. n. nazica ; napa ;

skepa.
escort', V. kidi ya.
esoph'agus, n. dote ; dote hbe-

za.
espouse', ?;. a. wohpa; yulipa.
espy', V. waijyag iheya.
estab'lish, v. a. yusuta.
esteem', v. a. wastedaka.
es'timable, adj. wastedapika.
estrang'ed, part, toghda.
etch, v.a. pago.
eter'nal, adj. otokahe wanic'a

t:a owihai)ke wanica.
eter'nally, adv. otokahe waniii

taijliaq.
etiquette', n. wicohai).
evac'uate, v. a. yudoka ; ayu-

stai).
evade', v. okamna ; ohomni ya.
evanes'cent, adj. ataijirisni

iyaya.
evan'gelize, v. a. wotaijii) wa-
ste okiyaka.
evap'orate, v. n. alie ; oyahe ;

skepa.
e'ven, adv. napintu ; ocitkoijza ;

mdaya.
eve'ning, n. htayetu : evening

star, wic'aijhpi taijka.
event', «. taku ecoi)pi ; taku

otai)ir).
even'tually, adv. uijhaijketa.
ev'er, adv. tohiijni ; obirjniyai) :

evergreen, ohiijniyai) toya wai)-

ka : ever more, ohiijniyai).
ev'ery, adj. otoiyohi ; iyohi :

every where, owagcaya.

ev'idence, n. woyatai)ii).
ev'ident, adj. taqyai) taqiq.
ev'idently, adv. taijiqyaq ;

awicakehai).
e'vil, adj. iioa.
e'vil, n. taku sica.
evince', v. yaotaqiq.
evolve', V. yuzainni.
e'we, M. taliiqc'a wanui)yai)pi wi-

yedai).
exact', adj. hec'etu.
exactly, adv. hecetu hiqca.
exag'gerate, v. a. akaga ; aka-

wii).
exalt', V. yuwaijkan icu ; yu-

warjkan iyeya.
exalta'tion, n. yuwaijkan iye-

exam'ination, n. wiwicawaij-

gapi. ^
exam'ine, v. a. iwaijga ; wi-

wai)ga; iwaijyaka; iyukcai).
exam'iner, n. wiwicawaijge.
exas'perate, v. a. sihdaya;

car)te oki^upninya.
ex'cavate, v. a. yuskopa ; ka-

skopa.
exceed', v. a. kapa ; ikapa.
exceed'ingly, adv. nina hii] ;

awitukadai).
excel', V. kapa.
ex'cellence, ». wic'iyokipi.
ex'cellent, adj. waste higca.
ex'cellently, adv. ayuco.
except', V. a. okapta ; ope sni

ya.
excess', n. iyatahdepi.
exces'sively, adv. iyatahde-

ya-

exchange', v. a. iciyopeya ; to-

kiyopeya.
excite', v. a. iyopa^taka.
exclude', v. a. heyata iyeya.
excommu'nicate, v. a. taij-

kan iyeya ; heyata iyeya ; ope

sni ya.
excres'cence, n. psuijka.
excul'pate, v. a. anakihma.
excuse', v. a. kiciyawa sni.
ex'ecrate, v. a. yasica.
ex'ecute, v. a. yuecetu ; teya ;

ecoi).
exempt', v. a. ope ^ni ya.
ex'ercise, v. n. skai) ; ^kiijiiji-

ya ; skiijciya ; taku ecoi).
exert', v. a. nina ecoq ; sagya

ec'oi).
exhaust', v. a. yusota.

EXII

299

FEM

exhaust'ed, ;;a)-/. okita; tuq-

kita ; mJokita.
exhibit, V. a. pazo ; kipazo.
exhil'arate, v. a. magagaya.
exhort', v. a. wahokoijkiya.
exhorta'tion, n. wowahokoij-

kiye.
ex'ile, n. iye tamakoce elipeye

kiyapi ; ouuni.
expect', V. ape.
expecta'tion, n. woape; ape-
pi.
expec'torate, v. n. kaspa.
expe'dient, ac?j. iyecetu.
expedi'tious, aJj. oliaijko.
expedi'tiously, adv. oliaq-

koya ; inaliniyai).
expel', V. a. taijkan iyeya ; pa-

lia iyeya.
expend', v. a. yusota ; hduso-

ta ; yutakunisni.
expen'sive, adj. teliika.
expe'rience, n. wosdonye ;

woksape.
exper'iment, n. iyutapi.
expert', adj. wayupika.
expert'ly, adv. wayupiya. '
ex'piate, v. a. woattani kazuiu.
expire', v. n. ipogaij ; ta iyaya.
explain', v. a. taoyaij oyaka.
explode', v. n. napopa.
exploit', n. wicohaij.
explore', v. a. iwaijyaka.
explo'sion, n. napopapi.
expose', V. a. yusdayelina.
expos'ed, 2)art. sJayehna.
expovind', v. a. oyaka.
express'ly, aa!y. taijioyai) ; ata-

yedai).
expunge', v. a. pazuiu.
extend', v. yutaijka : to extend

the hand, nape yokiya.
exten'sively, adv. otaijkaya.
extent', n. to this extent, he-

haijyai).
exter'minate, v. a. ihaijgya.
exter'nal, adj. itaijkan ; akan.
extinct', adj. kasnipi ; ihaijg-

yapi; ta.
extin'gviish, v. a. yusni ; ka-

sni; bosni.
extol', V. a. yatai) ; yaonihai).
extract', v. a. yuiui).
extraor'dinary, adj. wopte-

casni.
extrav'agant, adj. aokaga ;

iyatahdeya.
extreme'ly, adv. iyotaij.

extrem'ity, n. ihaijkc ; owi-

haqke.
ex'tricate, v. a. yuspa.
exult', V. n. iyuskii) ; wiyuskiq.
eye, n. ista : the pupil of tlie

eyo, ista sii : eye-brow, ista he ;

istalie Lii) : eye-lash, istanepe

liiq : eye-lid, istoiuha.

fa'ble, n. hituqkakaijpi.
fab'ricate, v. a. akaga.
face, n. ite ; itoye ; itohnake :

face to face, itkokim : to make

faces at, iksiqkiya.
fa'cile, adj. tellisni.
fact, n. wowicake ; taku ecoripi.
fac'ulty, n. tawaciq.
fade, V. n. to wither, sniia ; snis

aya : to make fade, yu^niia ;

yusai).
fail, V. n. wanica aya : to fail as

waters, puza aya : fail by dis-
ease, haijye ; takunisni aya.
faint, V. n. taqsagta ; ihpaya.
faint, adj. staka ; hpeca :

scarcely visible, ohmuq.
faint'ly, adv. ohmuijyai).
fair, adj. owaiiyag wa^te ; ska ;

owotarjna ; owa^tec'ake.
fair'ly, adv. owotaijna.
faith, n. wowicada ; wowaciqye ;

awadiijpi.
faith'ful, adj. wicaka; wac'ii)-

yepida.
faith'fully, adv. awicakehaij.
fall, V. n. hii)lipaya ; ihpaya ;

aptaqyaq ; kahdaya : to fall on,

ahiqhpaya.
false, adj. wicakapi ^ni ; itoq-

sni ; owotaqna sni.
false'hood, n. woitoij^ni.
fame, n. yuonihaijpi; taqkaya

oyakapi.
famil'iar, adj. iyakitedai).
fajnil'iarly, adv. iyakitedaij.
fam'ily, n. tiyohnaka ; wic'oui) ;

widowazi.
fam'ine, n. ■wicaakihai).
fam'ish, v. n. akiiaq ; aki-

hai) ta.
fa'mous, adj. tehaq yuotaqiij-

pi ; taqkaya oyakapi.
fan, n. idadu ; idaduge ; tusti-

cadu.
fan, V. a. kaduga : to fan oneself,

ihdadu.

fangs, n. kiijske : claws, sake.
far, adv. tehaq ; tehaqyai) : far

from, itehar) ; iditehaij : from

far, tehai) taqhaij.
farm, n. maga.
farm, v. a. maga kaga.
far'ther, adv. ako ; akowapa ;

sai} pa ; akotaq liar) .
far'thest, adj. iyotai) tehai).
fas'einate, v. a. iyokipiya.
fash'ion, n. ■widohaij.
fast, adj. suta ; sutaya ; tiijsa.
fast, f . »i. akiliaqi^iya ; wotesni

Ul).

fas'ten, i). a. nataka ; yusuta ;

sutaya ehnaka : to fasten on,

onataka ; aonataka : fasten to,

ikoyagya.
fastid'ious, adj. wahitihda.
fat, adj. depa ; demdepa.
fat, n. sir) ; wasii) ; wasna ; wi-

hdi.
fa'ther, n. ate : his father, atku-

ku : to call one father, ateya.
fa'ther-in-la"w, m. tuqkaqsi ;

tur)kai)ku.
fath'om, v. a. akatiij.
fath'om, n. akatiijpi.
fatigu'ed,^a?-^ huqkita;mdo-

kita.
fat'ten, v. a. demya.
fault, n. woahtani ; yu^napi.
fa'vor, V. a. wadiq en yuza ;

daqtekiya.
fa"\WTi, n. taciijdadai).
fear, n. wokokipe.
fear, v. a. kokipa; ikopa; ko-

pehda.
fcEir'ful, adj. wawinihaij.
feast, n. wohaqpi ; wonwicaya-

pi.
feast', V. a. wonwidaya.
feath'er, n. wiyaka; maga hiij.
Feb'ruary, n. Widata-wi.
fee'ble, adj. was'ake sni ; suta

sni ; staka ; ahtateda.
feed, V. n. wihaq ; wota.
feed, V. a. wonya ; yunya ; wi-

hai)ya.
feel, V. yutai)tai).
feign, V. n. koqza : to feign

drunkenness, witko koijza.
feli'city, n. wowiyuskii).
fell, V. a. as a tree, kawaijka.
fel'lo'wship, n. dakonkidiyapi ;

okodakiciye.
fe'male, adj. wiqyai) ; wiye ;

wiyedai).

FEM

300

FOL

fe'mur, n. cecuqte.

fence, n. maginatake.

fence, v. a. nataka.

fend, V. a. kaseya.

ferment', «. napogaq; napohya.

ferment'ed, part, napoliyapi.

fern, n. highaqtoriwai).

fero'cious, adj. wohitika.

fero'ciously, adv. oliiti3'a.

fer'ret, n. sina apahdate sokso-
ka.

fer'rule, n. of a gun, iyopazai).

fer'ry, v. kikto ; kiktoya.

fer'tile, adj. wonuka ; mdga
waste.

fetch, V. a. au ; alii ; huwe ya.

fe'ver, n. taqcai) wicakata.

fe'W, adj. tonana.

fib'ula, n. caijkpe liuwajcipe.

fickle, adj. waciq cistiyedaij.

field, n. mdga ; mahtani ; ma-
hteca.

fiend, 71. wakaijsica.

fierce, adj. woLitika.

fife, n. cotai)ka.

fifteen, num. adj. ake zaptai).

fifteenth, num. at/;, iakezaptaij.

fifth, num. adj. izaptai).

fiftieth, num. adj. iwikcemna
zaptai).

fifty, num. adj. wikc'emna za-
ptai).

fight, n. okicize.

fight, V. a. kiciza ; kici kiciza.

fig'ure, n. oowa.

flg'ured, part, owapi.

file, n. mazipabe ; maziyube ;
caijipabe.

fill, V. a. oiu ; oiuya ; ozutoi) ;
opagi.

fil'ter, V. puskepa; puskeraya;
apuskepa.

filth, n. wosape.

fil'thy, adj. a4apa.

fin, n. ho ape.

fi'nal, adj. ehake.

find, V. a. iyeya ; iyekiya.

fine, adj. wa^te ; zipzipedai) ;
mdu hiqc'a; tpaij ; sbudaq : to
make fine, bopai) ; yutpai) ;
kamdu.

fi'nery, n. wokoyake wasteste.

fin'ger, n. napsukaza ; napcupe :
forefinger, nape tokaheya and
nape apazo : second finger, na-
pe cokaya ; third finger, sa^te
iyokipe : fourth finger, saste :
finger-ring, maza napcupe.

fin'ish, V. a. yustai) ; yastai) ;

ohiijnikiya ; huijhikiya.
fire, V. a. ideya ; aideya : to

make a fire, ceti.
fire, n. peta : near the fire, pe-

tkahda ; petkiyedai) ; petiskai) :

fire-arm.s, mazakai) : fire-brand,

petuspe : fire-shovel, maza 013

cahota ehpeyapi.
firm, adj. suta ; tii)sa.
fir'mament, n. okotoijyaij.
firmly, adv. sutaya ; tiqsadai) :

not firmly, hahayedaq ; ahaha-

yedaii.
first, adj. tokaheya ; otokahoya :

first-born, tokapa ; caske ; wi-

nona.
fish, n. hogai).
fish, V. a. hoyupsic'a ; hopsica ;

hokuwa.
fish'er, n. skec'a.
fish'gig, n. huhaka.
fish 'hook, n. hoiyupsice ; hoi-

cuwa ; cakiyuhuge ; hiq^kizu-

pi.
fishing'-line, n. hoiyupsice

ikai).
fish'-net, «. ho.
fish'y, adj. hogaijrana.
fist, n. nape hdup^upka.
fit, V. to suit in size, kipi ; iye-

haritu.
fit'ness, n. iyecetu.
five, num. adj. zaptai).
fix, V. a. piya ; sutaya ehde.
flag, n. wiyokihedai).
flag, V. n. mdokite aya.
flame, v. ide ; itkoi).
flame, n. idesa^a.
flank, n. nigute.
flan'nel, n. powaye; ^ina zig-

zica.
flap, V. koza ; koskoza.
flap, n. of a tent, wihupa.
flash, n. of lightning, wakaijhdi

hiijhda : flash of a gun, noge

ide hiqhda.
flat, adj. mdaska ; mdaya : a flat

side, omdaska.
flat, n. mdamdata.
flat'ten, v. yumdaya; kamda-

ska.
flat'terer, n. iskuya.
fla'vored, part, skumna.
fla'vorless, adj. stusta.
flaw, n. hci ; oktetoi).
fla'w'y, adj. oktetoi).
flax, n. halioiita oiupi.

flay, V. a. bagopa.

flea, n. ha.

fledge, V. kihi ; i\.\r\ icaga.

flee, V. napa ; naisica : to flee

from, nakicipa : flee to, onapa ;

inapa.
fleece, w. tahiq wanui)yai)pi

hii).
fleet, adj. duzahai).
flesh, n. c'ehpi ; conic'a : wica-

oehpi.
flesh'y, adj. cepa ; c'emcepa.
flexible, adj. wiij^wiiiiedai).
flight, n. napapi ; kii)yai)pi.
flight'y, adj. waciohnuni.
flinch, V. n. suta.
fling, V. a. kalio iyeya.
flint, n. waijhi.
flit, V. n. kiqyai) iyaya.
float, V. n. okahboka ; okapota ;

okalipa.
float, «. okahboka.
flock, n. optaye ; ospaye.
flog, V. a. kastaka ; kapsigpsiq-

ta.
flood, n. minitai) ; ominitai).
flood, V. aminitai) ; minitai).
floor, n. owaijka.
flour, n. aguyapi mdu.
flourish, V. tai)yai) icaga.
flow, V. n. kaduza.
flow'er, n. wahca.
flow'er, V. n. hca.
fluent, adj. wayapika.
flu'ently, adv. wayapiya.
fluid, adj. mini iyececa.
flute, n. cotai)ka.
flut'ter, V. n. skaijskai) ; ptai)-

ptai).
flux, n. kaiopi,
fly, «. honagidaq ; tatawamdu-

ska.
fly, V. n. kiqyai) ; wakiqyaq : to

fly round, anawiq : fly out as a

cork, nasdoka.
foam, n. tage ; minitaga.
foe, n. t6ka.
fog, n. opo.

fog'gy, adj. po ; minibozaij.
foil, v. a. okihi sni ya.
fold, V. a. pehai) ; opehaij : to

fold in the arms, adoksohaq yu-

za.
fold, n. opehe.
fo'liage, n. caqwapa.
follow, V. opa; okipa; om

ya ; iyahna ya ; ohaqhdeya ;

tapa ; otapa.

FOL

301

FUR

folly, n. waciijtoqpi sni.
fond, adj. to be fond of, wa^te-

daka ; oliai)lideya.
fon'dle, V. a. kihna.
food, n. wo ; woyute ; taku yu-

tapi.
fool, n. witkotkoka.
fool'ish, adj. witkotko.
fool'ishly, adv. witkotkoya.
foot, 11. siha : ball of the foot,

siipusii) : on foot, huiyui).
foot'step, ji. owe ; oye.
fop, n. wakoyaka ; Titoi)wai) se.
for, prep. 01) ; heoi) ; etai)hai).
forbear', v. a. itoijpa ; iyaki-

euijni.
forbid', V. a. tehiijda ; iyokisni :

one who forbids, watehiqda.
force, 11. wowas'ake ; wookihi.
force, V. a. ecoq kiya.
for'cibly, adv. was'agya.
ford, n. oiyuwege.
ford, V. iyuwega ; copa.
fore'-ann, n. isto ; ispahu.
fore'castle, n. watokapataij-

hai).
fore'-finger, n. nape tokahe-

ya.
fore 'head, n. ite.
for'eign, adj. tokec'a.
foreknovr', v. itokam sdonya ;

ayate.
fore 'most, adj. tokaheya; to-

kaliai).
fore'noon, n. wiyotai)he ^ni.
for'est, n. coi)tai)ka ; coijsma.
forev'er, adv. ohii)niyai) ; owi-

liaqke wanica.
forget', V. a. akiktoi)za.
forget'ful, adj. wacii)ktoi)iEa.
forgive', V. a. kazuiu ; iyuq-

wiq codaq kaiuiu.
forgive'ness, n. wokaiuiu.
fork, n. wicapedai) ; caqzata.
. fork'ed, adj. iata ; akizata ;

gaiigata.
forks, n. ozate.
form, V. a. kaga.
form'er, n. waicaliye.
for'mer, adj. tokaheya.
for'merly, adv. ehai)na ; tani-

hai) ; wanakaia.
for'midable, adj. wawinihaij ;

wokokipe.
fomica'tion, n. wiinahmappi.
forsake', v. a. ayu^taij ; ehpe-

ya; inatai} ; inakitai).
fort, n. doxjkaike.

forth"with', adv. ecehnahai) ;

eciihaijkeya ; tokesta.
for'tieth, adj. iwikccmna topa.
fortifica'tion, n. c'oijkaske.
for'tify, V. a. coijkaske kaga ;

adaijkaska.
for'titude, n. wacii)tai)kapi.
for'tunate, adj. w4pi ; wapika :

to be fortunate, ataya.
for'tunately, adv. wapiya.
for'tune, n. wowizice.
for'ty, num. adj. wikcemna to-
pa.
for'Avard, adj. tokaheya.
fos'ter, V. a. idahya.
foul, adj. sapa.
foul, V. a. nasosa.
found, part, iyeyapi.
fovmda'tion, n. taku ahe cii) ;

alidebe dii).
foun'tain, n. wakoniya ; mini-

yowe ; minihdoka.
four, num. adj. topa : by fours,

tomtom.
fourteen', num. adj. ake topa.
fourteenth.', num.adj. lake topa.
fourth, num. adj. itopa.
foAVl, n. wakii)yai) ; wakiye ;

wahupakoza.
fox, n. 8ui)gidar|.
frac'tion, w. oij^pa; oi)spai5pa.
frac'ture, v. a. paweg.i ; ka-

lideca ; okahdeca.
frac'ture, n. okalidede.
frag'ile, adj. waqkadai) ; suta

sni.
frag'ments, n. oyaptajii ; otu-

tka.
fra'grant, adj. wastemna.
frail, adj. was'ake sni.
frame, v. a. as a house, tiiyuta ;

ticaga.
fran'tic, adj. hna^kiqyai).
fraud, n. wicahnaye.
free, adj. tawai^iya.
free, v. a. kiyu^ka ; yuspa.
free'dom, n. ihduhapi; tawai-

^iyapi.
firee'ly, adv. ituya ; iyaki^uya.
freeze, v. n. caga ; tasaka.
freight, n. taku toksupi.
Prench'man, n. Wa^icui).
fire 'quent, ac(;'. ota.
fire'quentlyjarfv. otakiya;iie-

hai).
fresh, adj. teca ; do ; fresh

meat, tado ; doyake.
fresh'et, n. minitaij.

fret'ful, adj. wida:)ksi.
Fri'day, n. aijpetu izaplai), or

aijpetu isakpe.
friend, n. koda ; kiduwa.
friend'ship, n. dakonkidiyapi ;

kodakidiyapi.
firight'en, v. a. yusiijyeya ; ini-
haijya ; wakokipe kidaga ; liam-
ya.
fright'ened,^ar<. inihai) ; yu-

siqyaya.
frisk, V. 11. iiapsipsida ; psipsica.
friz'zled, part. yuha.
f^ock, n. nitoske.
frog, n. iiaska ; hnaska : tree

frog, hnaska candidal) : bull

frog, toi)toi)tar)ka.
frog'-spittle, n. mini witoye.
frol'ic, V. n. skata.
from, prep, etaijhaij.
frost, n. Rewai)ka ; daijliotka.
frost'ed, part, tasaka ; sni oi)

ta ; adalisdaya.
frost'y, adj. posa waijka.
froth, «. tage.
fro'^ward, adj. waanagoptaij

in'i.
frOAvn, V. n. ite sinkiya ; ite

yukogkiya.
fro'zen, part, daga ; tasaka.
fruc'tify, v. a. aicahya.
fru'gal, adj. wapatai).
fruit, n. waskuyeda.
fruit'ful, adj. ui)tkai)na aidaga.
frus'trate, v. a. yuedetu sni ;

yutaku sni.
fry, V. a. deguguya : a fiying-

pan, cega ihupa haijska.
fudge, inlj. hii)te.
fu'el, 11. peta cai).
fu'gitive, n. tuwe nazida.
fulfil', V. a. ecetuya ; yuedetu.
full, adj. ipi ; wipi ; oiudai) :

brimful, iyuzimnana.
fVill, V. to full up, namniga ;

namnihya.
fuU'ed, part, namniga.
ful'minate, v. otii) ; owotiij.
fU'migate, v. a. izita ; izinya.
f\in, n. wowiha : to make fun,

ohai)hai)hai).
fund, n. mnayaripi.
fu'neral, ». widasta hapi.
fun'gus, n. w icai)hpi hiijhpaya :

on trees, caq kaqpeska.
fur, «. hii) : furs, wawaha.
fur'bish, v. a. pateda.
fu'rious, adj. wobitika.

FUR

302

GOO

furl, V. a. pehar).
fur'nace, n. oceti tar)ka.
fur'nish, v. opetoii ; l>u ; elxna-
' ka.

fur'niture, n. taku i^Jihde.
fur'row, )?. caqkiiye.
fur'ry, adj. liiqliteya.
fur'ther, ado. saijpa-
fu'ry, n. wosihda ; \vo6ai)te-

ptaqye.
fuse, V. sJo; sdoya.
fuss, n. owodutatoi) ; olfoyapi.
fu'ture, adj. tokata.

G.

gab'ble, v. iiina tainya ; iwa-

kai).
ga-Vhiing, part, iwakaij.
gad, V. a. to gad about, ti iyaza

HI).

gad'fly, n. tatawamduska.
gag, V. a. iohmuskiya.
gain, V. a. kamna ; oLiya.
gain'er, n. ohiye s'a.
gait, n. caehdepi.
gal'axy, n. wanagi tacarjku.
gall, 11. pizi.
gall, V. a. ha kasdoka.
gallantly, adv. iwayupiya.
gallop, V. n. nawaijka.
galloAVS, n. to put to death on

the gallows, poskin yuta.
gam'ble, v. n. oecoqna ecoij.
gam'bling, «. oecoijna ; kaij-

sukutepi.
gam'bol, V. n. psipsica.
game, n. ecoripidai).
gan'der, n. maga, mdoka.
gang, n. optaye.
gaol, n. wicakaska tipi.
gaol'er, n. wicakaska tipi

awaijyaka.
gap, n. hc'i : to make gaps, kahci.
gape, V. n. iyowa ; naga.
garb, V. wokoyoko ; ihduzapi.
gar'den, n. wozupi.
gar'gle, v. a. i hduiaia.
garland, n. wahca watesdake.
gar'ment, n. heyakc ; wokoya-

ke.
gar'ner, n. dotopiye.
gar'nish, v. a. oiyokipi kaga.
gar'ret, n. ticeska ekta tipi

kir).
gar'rison, n. doijkaske.
gar'rulous, adj. iwasicui).
gar'ter, n. Luijskicalie.

gash, n. obahoi).

gasp, V. n. niya ini ta nui) seca.

gate, n. tiyopa.

gath'er, v. mnayaij ; pahi ;

niiiiciya ; witaya iheya.
gauge, V. a. iyuta.
gauze, 71. tahokata se ecec'a.
gay, adj. Titoijwai) se.
gaze, V. a. opahta.
gear, v. a. ikoyagya ; iyakaska.
geese, n. mag.'i ; maga sapa.
gem, n. iijyai) tehika.
gen'eral, n. akic'ita tai)cai).
gen'erally, adu. owaijcaya;

ecaken.
genera'tion, n. wicoicage.
gen'erous, aJj. ohaijpi.
gen'erously, adv. oliaijpiya.
Gen'esis, n. Wicoicage.
genteel', adj. wasteyaken ollai).
gen 'tie, adj. wahbadaij.
gen'tleman, n. wicasta wa-

hbaka.
gen'tly, adv. waHbaya ; iyasna-

snana.
gen'uine, adj. wicakapi.
ge'nus, n. obe.
germ, n. ciijtpa ; camni.
ges'ture, v. wikiyuta.
get, V. kamna ; icu ; kaga : to

get away, hai)ta wo ; huijktiya.
ghost, n. wanagi.
gi'ant, n. wazi se.
gid'dy, adj. itohomni.
gift, n. taku wicajcupi.
gigan'tic, adj. taijka hiijca.
gig'gle, V. n. ilia ; ilialia.
gills, n. hocaka : dolie sa.
gim'blet, n. caijiyumni cistii)-

na.
gin, n. 01) hmuijkapi.
gird, V. ipiyaka ; ipiyagtoi) ;

opta yuskiskita.
gir'dle, n. ipiyake : ida^ke.
girl, n. wiciijyarina ; wicii)ca-

dai) : girls, wiciyaijpidaq.
girth, n. maku-iyuskite.
give, V. bu ; ituhaij : to give

back to, kicu.
g^z'zard, n. tezi.
glad, adj. iyuskii) ; pida ; wiyu-

skii).
glad'den, v. a. wiyu^kiijya ; pi-

daya.
glad'ly, adv. pidaya; iyuikii)-

yai).
glad'ness, n. wowiyuskiij ; wi-

yuskiqpi.

glance, v. to slip, yusna ; ka-

ina.; ka^duta.
glass, n. iaqiai) : looking-glass,

ihdiyomdasii).
glas'sy, adj. acahsdaya.
glaze, V. ozaijzaq hdepi kaga.
glaz'ed, part, glued over, asii)-

sii).

gleeun, v. n. wiyatpatpa.

glean, v. a. pahihi.

glide, V. n. iwastedai) kaduza.

glim'mer, v. n. maste naptapta.

glimpse, n. to get a glimpse of,
aistacenya.

glis'ten, V. n. wiyatpatpa.

glit'ter, V. n. wiyakpakpa.

globe, n. makohmihbe.

gloom, n. otpaza.

gloom'y, adj. otpasya.

glo'rify, V. a. yaonihai) ; ya-
tai) ; yuonihai).

glo'rious, adj. waste hiijca.

glo'ry, n. wowitari.

glos'sy, adj. wiyakpa.

glot'tis, n. dote.

glove, n. napiijkpa j'ugaga.

glovr, V. n. iyega.

glue, n. coijpeska.

glue, V. a. apuspa ; askapa ;
askamya.

glued, part, apuspapi.

glut'ton, 71. wote s'a ; iya se.

gnash, V. hi hdakiqskiijza.

gnat, n. hopookadai).

gnaw, V. yaspaspa; yamnu-
mnuga ; yalfoga ; yama.

go, V. ya : to go home, hda : go
out, taijkan ya : go round, oho-
mni ya : go on a journey, ici-
mani : go astray, nuni : go as in
moving, ihdaka ; urjhdaka : go
along, haijta : go by, hiyaya ;
kapa ; hnihda : go with, om ya ;
opa ; kici ya.

goad, M. cai)-pestodai).

goal, n. oinaziqta.

goat, n. tatoka.

gob'ble, V. zicataqka hotoi).

God, n. Wakai)tai)ka.

gold, n. mazaskazi.

gone, part, iyaya ; kihda ; hni-
hda ; iyayupta.

good, adj. wa^te : good-natured,
tawaciq waste.

good'ly, adj. wasteya.

good'ness, n. wowaste; wico-
waste.

goods, n. maza; wahpaya.

GOO

303

II A R

goose, n. inagi'i ; mag i sapa ;

magi paqpaijna : goose-quill,

wi3'aka.
goose'berry, 71. widahdeska.
go'pher, n. manica.
gore, V. a. lie oi) capa.
gore, n. we.
gorge, V. katlca.
gosling, n. lualiciqca.
gos'pel, n. wotaqir) waste.
gouge, V. a. kaskotpa.
gourd, n. wamiiulia.
gov'ern, v. a. oie kiyiir) ; awaij-

yaka.
gov'ernor, n. wicastayatapi.
govrn, n. nitosko ; oqlidolida.
grab, V. a. botica.
grace, n. wowaoijsida ; wacai)-

tkiyapi ; wowaste.
grace 'ful, adj. wa^teyaken.
gra'cious, adj. wacaijtkiya ;

waoijsida.
grad'ual, adj. hvastedai).
grain, n. su ; co ; sukaza.
gran'ary, n. dotopiye.
grand, m/j. taijka ; waste.
grand 'child, n. takoza; tako-

zakpaku.
grajid'father, n. tunkaqsidaij ;

tui)kar)ksitku.
gremd 'mother, n. uijc'i : kui}-

sitkii.
grant, v. a. ku ; ku iyeya.
grapes, «. liastaijliaijka.
grape '-vine, n. liastariliaijka

iyuwi.
grap'ple, v. a. kici ccoi) ; kici

kieiza.
grasp, V. a. yuza.
grass, n. peii : sweet grass, wa-

caijga.
grass'hopper, n. psipsicadai).
grate, v. n. kiijs^fiiiza ; keiljega.
grate 'ful, adj. pida.
grate'fully, adv. pidaya.
gra'ter, n. iyu^ege.
gra'tis, adv. iyugwii) codai).
grat'itude, n. wopida.
gratu'itously, adv. ituya.
grave, n. wicaliapi.
grav'el, n. isbu ; ih'e.
grajvy, n. haqpi ; wahaijpi.
graze, v. n. wiHai) ; yasda ;

aya.sda.
graz'ier, n. wiliaowicakiye.
grease, n. sda ; ilidi ; wihdi ;

wasna.
grease, v. a, sdaya ; sdakiya.

great, adj. taqka.

great'ly, ado. tarika ; taqkaya.

great'ness, n. wotaijka; taij-

kiipi.
gree'dy, adj. akaska ; nina

wota.
green, adj. to ; toto : to color

green, toya.
grey, adj. h'a ; oli'a ; oli'aka ;

liota.
grief, n. woiyokisic'e.
grieve, v. iyokisica ; iyokisin-

grim, adj. ksizeca ; wawinihai).
grin, V. ite siijkiya ; ite yusii)-

kiya ; liiliakiya : to grin at, ai-

ksiijkiya.
grind, v. a. wotpai) ; yukpaq.
grind'stone, n. izuza taijka.
grist, n. wotpaqpi waijzidai).
groan, v. n. ^icahowaya ; co-

mnihdazi.
groin, n. caijna.
groove, V. a. bakoijtkoijta ; ka-

koqtkoqta.
grope, V. n. yutaijtai) mani.
ground, ». maka : bare ground,

kisapa.
ground, v. to get aground, azi.
ground-cher'ries, n. talipiyo-

m-

group, n. optaye.

grouse, n. siyo.

grove, n. taskozu.

groAV, V. n. ic'aga : to gi-ow on,

aidaga : make grow, icaliya.
grovrl, V. n. lido ; yabu.
grub, n. maka ^a ; hute o^a.
grudge, V. a. ipida.
grum, adj. ksizeda.
gfrum'ble, v. to grumble about,

asidaMo.
grunt, V. n. hdo ; hdohdo ; tii)-

ga.
guard, V. awariyaka ; awaqbda-

ka ; iwaqhdaka ; akidita nazii) ;

iwakta.
guard'edly, adv. iwaktaya.
guess, v. iyukcai) ; ayate.
guest, n. kidopi ; en wota.
guide, V. a. yus aya.
guile, n. wohnaye.
guile 'ful, adj. wahnayai).
guilt, n. woahtani.
guil'ty, adj. yacopi ; iyaoijpa-

pi.
gull, n. widatariktarikadai).
giil'let, n. dohdeska.

gum, n. carisii).

gun, n. mazakai) ; mazawakai) :

gun-lock, mazakai) oyuwi.
gun'poAvder, n. dalidi.
gush, V. kaduza.
guts, n. supe.

H.

hab'it, n. iyowaijke ; owai)gi(Ji-
yapi ; ibduzapi.

hab'it, V. to form a habit, iyo-
waygipiya; iliduza : to be in
the habit of, eda edoijka.

hack, V. bahor)hoi) ; bakoijta.

hack'berry, n. yamnumnuga-

hac'kle, n. widakca.
hag'gle, V. a. bahorihoi).
hail, 71. wasu.
hair, n. hii) : tied up, as hair,

aske ; aske yuwipi.
hair'y, adj. hirisma.
half, n. hai)ke ; okise ; iyokise.
halloo', V. pai) ; ias'a.
hal'l0"W, V. a. yuwakaq.
halt, V. huste ; inazii).
hal'ter, n. hakalnuoijpi.
halve, V. a. okidaksa ; okida-

sdeda.
ham, n. ceca.
ham'mer, n. maziyape.
hand, «. nape : right hand,

ctapa : left hand, catka.
hand'ful, n. napohnaka.
hand 'kerchief, n. wapaoge-

dai).
han'dle, n. ilmpa.
han'dle, v. a. ihupa toi).
hand'savr, n. dagibakse.
hands 'breadth, n. napapasde-

dapi ; OS.
hand'some, adj. owaqyag wa-
ste.
han'dy, adj. wayupika.
hang, V. otkeya ; okazeze.
hang'ing, part, okazeze.
hap'pen, v. to liappen to, aki-

pa : happen to do, wanuij edoi).
hap'piness, n. wowiyuskiij.
hap'py, adj. iyuskiij.
har'bor, n. oihuni waste.
hard, adj. suta ; tiijza ; tehika.
hard'en, v. a. yusuta.
hard'ly, adv. kitai) se.
har'dy, adj. suta.
hare, n. tin-ma^tiijca.
hark, v. a ; a po.

HAR

304

HON

harlot, n. witkowiijna.
harm, n. wosice.
harm, v. a. kiuqniya.
har'ness, n. akio ikaij ko.
har'ness, v. a. alciij iyakaska ;

harp, n. caqdowaiikiyapi.
harpoon', n. huliaka.
har'rO"W, n. magiyuhiqte taij-

ka.
har'ro"W, v. a. yuhigta.
harsh, adj. gahec'a ; zahai) ;

liobu.
hart, n. tamdoka.
har'vest, n. mnayai)pi.
has, V. yuha.
hasp, n. inatake.
haste, n. inahnipi.
has'ten, v. inahni ; inahniya.
has'tily, adv. inahniyaij.
has'ty, adj. waciijko.
hat, n. wapaha : a palm hat, psa

wapaha : to put on or wear a

liat, wapaha kitoi).
hatch, V. mai) ; be.
hatch 'ed, part, maqpi.
hatch'et, n. oqspedai).
hate, V. a. sicedaka ; oyusii).
ha'tred, n. caqniyekiciyapi.
haugh'ty, adj. waliaqi^ida.
haul, V. a. toksu ; watoksu ;

yusdohai) aya.
have, V. yuha ; hduha ; toi) ;

yuza.
ha'ven, n. iyomnina ; oihuni.
havr, n. black haw, mna : red

haw, taspai) ; taspai) sdosdo-

dai).
haAvk, n. cetaij ; caijska.
hay, n. peii.
haz'ard, v. otohnaka.
haze, n. opo.
ha'zel-nut, n. uma.
he, pron. is ; iye.
head, n. pa; itaijcai) : head

covered, posmicodai) : head un-
covered, pakazamni : head ache,

pa yazai).
headlong, adv. pamakom ;

ahdaskin.
head'y, adj. waciriko.
heal, V. a. asniyai) ; okiziya.
heal'ed, part, asni ; okizi.
heal'er, n. waasniyai).
hearing, n. wokizi.
health'ful, adj. zaniyaq.
health 'y, adj. zapiyaq.
heap, V. eiu aya ; witaya eiu.
\

hear, v. a. nahoq ; nakihoq ;

anaj;optaq : to lend an ear to,

anolikiciya.
hearing, n. onahoqpi.
heark'en, v. anagoptaij ; noge

ekta ycya.
hear'say, n. keyapi.
heart, n. caqte ; wicac'aqte.
heartless, adj. canwaqka.
heat, «. omaste ; okata ; iyo-

katapi.
heat, V. a. kanya.
heat'ed, part, kanyapi.
heav'en, n. mahpiya.
heavily, adv. tkeya.
heav'y, adj. tke.
hedge, v. to hedge up, ic'agi.
heed, v. a. anagoptaq ; anaki-

goptaq.
heedless, adj. wanahoq sni.
heel, n. siyete.
helFer, n. pte heyuktaqna.
height, n. obosdatu ; pecje.
hei'nous, adj. sice hiqca.
heir, n. aihpeyapi kiq.
hell, n. wakaqsica tipi.
helm, n. iyupse.
helms 'man, n. iyupse yuze

ciq.
help, V. a. okiya.
help, n. ookiye.
help'er, n. tawasi ; tawa^itku ;

taokiye.
helpless, adj. taku okihi ^ni.
hem, n. opapuq.
hemp, n. hasbe.
hen, n. aqpaohotoqna wiye.
hence, adv. detaqhaq.
hence'forth, adv. detaqhaq ;

tokata.
her, pron. hers, tawa.
her'ald, n. eyaqpaha.
herb, n. peii.
herd, n. optaye ; ospaye.
here, adv. deciya ; den ; detn.
her'itage, n. taku aihpeyapi.
he'ro, n. tuwe wakte hdi.
her'on, n. hoka ; hokagic'a.
herself, pron. iye \e.
hew, V. a. kakaq : to counter

hew and hew on, akakaq.
hevm, part, kakaq pi.
hick'ory, n. caqsu.
hick'up, V. n. mdokaska.
hid'denly, adv. nahmana.
hide, V. a. anahbe ; nahma ;

inahma; nakihma.
hide, n. ha.

high, adj. tehaqwaqkan ; te-

waqkaqtuya.
hill, 71. palia ; paiodaq : hill, as

of corn, etc., niahpazo.
hill'y, adj. hoski ; hoskiski.
him, pron. is ; iye.
himself, pron. iye ^:e,
hind, 11. tawiyedaq.
hin'der, v. a. teliiqda; iyoki-

sni ; kaseya ; icagi ; kagiya.
hind'most, n. hekta.
hin'drance, n. wokagi.
hinge, n. tiyopa-okihe.
hip, n. nisehu ; niqtpahu.
hire, v. a. opetoq ; taqcaq ope-

toq.
his, prmi. tawa.
hiss, V. n. as a serpent, s'a.
his'tory, n. woyakapi.
hit, V. a. o ; cokaya iheya ; apa.
hitch, V. a. ikoyaka ; ikoyagya.
hitherto', adu. dehaqyaq.
hive, n. tuhmaga tipi.
hoard, v. a. kamna ; nahmana

kamna.
hoarse, adj. hogita.
hob'ble, V. n. hu^te mani.
hoe, n. magic'amna.
hoe, V. a. akata ; ahdata.
hog, n. kukuse.
hoist, V. a. yuwaqkan icu.
hold, V. a. yuza ; yus naziq : to

contain, kipi : hold ! hinahaq-

ka!
hole, n. ohdoka : to cut a hole,

bahdoka ; kahdoka : shoot a

hole in, bohdoka : bore a hole,

yuhdoka : make a hole with the

foot, nahdoka.
ho'liness, n. wowakaq.
hol'lovr, adj. mahen olidoka ;

hdogeca.
hol'lOAV, n. osmaka.
ho'ly, adj. wakaq.
home, n. tipi tawa : to go home,

lida : to come home, hdi : to

carry home, ahda ; ahdi ; hdo-

hda ; akiyahda ; aki.
home'ly, adj. owaqyag sica.
hom'mony, n. pasdayapi : to

make hommony, paidaya.
hone, n. iyohdi.
hon'est, adj. owotaqna ; ofiaq

owotaqna.
hon'esty, n. wicoowotaqna.
hon'ey, n. tuhmaga caqhaqpi :

honey-comb, tulimaga cesdi.
hon'or, v. a. yuonihaq ; kinihaq.

HON

305

IMP

hon'or, n. woyuonihai) : doing

something entitling one to

honor, iwesdeka.
hood, n, wapaha.
hoof, n. iake.
hook, n. maza yuk^aijyai) : a

fish-hook, c'akiyuhuge; hoiyu-

psic'e.
hook, V. a. ikoyagya.
hoop, n. caqhdeika ; koka iyu-

skite.
hop, V. n. ipsic'a ; psipsica.
hope, V. ape.
hope, n. woape.
horn, n. he : a powder-horn,

ptehe.
horse, n. ^uktaqka ; sugka wa-

kai) : a horse-shoe, ^ake maza

okataijpi : a horse-whip, suijki-

capsiijte.
hose, ». iyahdehuqska; iyohe.
hos'pitable, adj. ohai^pi.
host, n. wonwicakiye dii).
hos'tile, adj. wakiza; tokaki-

c'iyapi.
hot, adj. kata ; didita ; maite ;

okata ; odidita ; oma^te.
hour, n. wihiyayedai) oape wai)-

iidai).
house, n. tipi : our house, uij-

tipi.
house 'hold, n. tiyohnaka ; ti-

wahe.
houseless, adj. tipi codaq ui)-

pi ; sdayehna uqpi.
hov'er, v. n. Ipewaijka ; na-

wiq.
ho"W, adv. token ; toketu : how

far, tohaijyai) : how many, tona-

ka ; tonakeca ; tona.
ho-wev'er, adv. toketu ka^ta.
howl, V. n. pa ; howaya ; ceya.
hud'dle, V. n. witaya iheya.
hug, V. a. adoksohai) yuza ; po-

skin yuza.
huge, adj. taijka iiijc'a ; wo-

pteca ^ni.
hull, n. ha.
hull, V. a. yusku; yasku; yu-

hu ; yahu ; basku, etc.
hum, V. n. hmuq.
humane', adj. waoijsida; wa-

caijtkiya.
hum'ble, adj. wahbadai) ; og-

sihap.
hum'ble, v. a. yuhukuya.
hu'mid, adj. tkiq.
humil'ity, n. og^ihaijpi.
39

hu'mor, n. out of humor, cai}-
teptai)yai).

hunch, V. a. panini.

hun'dred, num. adj. opawirjge.

him'dredth, mim. adj. iopa-
wiijge.

hun'ger, n. wotektehdapi.

hun'gry, adj. wotektehda.

hunt, V. a. akita ; ode ; okide ;
wakuwa ; kuwa ; wotihni ; wa-
nasa ; nasa ; awaijg ya.

hunt, n. akitapi ; odepi ; waku-
wapi ; wotihnipi ; wanasapi.

hunt'er, n. waoke.

hunt'ing, n. wakuwapi ; woti-
hnipi.

hurl, V. a. kaho iyeya.

hur'rieajie, n. tate iyumni.

hur'ry, v. n. inahni : to be in a
hurry, inahniyaij.

hur'ry, v. a. inahniya.

hurt, V. a. ksuweya ; kiuijniya.

hus'band, n. hihna ; hihnaku :
to have a husband, hihnatoi) : to
have for a husband, hihnaya.

hush, V. be still, inina yaijka
wo.

husk, V. a. yugai).

husk'ing, ». wogai)pi; yugaij-

P'-
hut, n. tipi cistiijna.
hyp'ocrite, 71. wauijca; wana-

i^ihbe cii).
hys'sop, n. peii tota.

I.

I, pron. mii ; miye. In compo-
sition, ' wa,' ' ma,' and ' mi.'
ice, n. c'aga.
i'cicle, n. da^a.
ide'a, n. yukc'appi.
iden'tify, v. a. iyekiya.
id'iot, n. witkotkoka.
i'dle, adj. taku ec'oi) ^ni ; kuia.
i'dleness, n. wicokuie.
i'dol, n. wakagapi.
idol'atry, n. wakagapi ohoda-

Pi-
if, conj. kiqhai) ; ciqhaq ; ur)-

kai)8.
ignite', v. itkog ; ideya.
igno'bly, adv. wica^ta^niyaij.
ig'nominy, n. wowi^tece.
ig'norant, adj. orispe sni ; o-

sdonye sni ; takudag sdonye
' ^ni.
ill, adj. wayazaijka.

illegit'imate, adj. tuwe diijca

tanig sni.
illib'eral, adj. ohaijsica.
ill-na'tured, adj. wacigko ; ta-

wac'ii) ^ica.
ill'ness, n. wowayazai).
illude', V. a. hnayai).
illu'minate, v. a. iyoyamya.
illus'trate, v. a. iyohdamni-

yai) oyaka.
illus'trious, adj. tankaya oya-

kapi.
im'age, n. wakagapi : okagapi.
imag'ine, v. yukdaij.
im'beeile, adj. was'ake ini ; ta-

kunisni.
imbibe', v. yahepa ; yuhepa.
imbrue', v. hpaijyaq.
im'itate, v. a. owangya ; iye-

c'en ec'oi).
inunature', adj. stuijkadai).
inune'diately, adv. kohai) ;

kohaqna ; ahaqkeya ; ecahai)-

koya ; hiqnakaha.
immense', adj. wopteca sni.
immerse', v. a. oputkaij ; spa-

yeya.
im 'migrate, v. n. makoce to-

keca en hiyotaqka.
inmaod'est, adj. wi^tede ^ni.
im'molate, v. a. wayuina.
immor'al, adj. sida.
inunor'tal, adj. tepida ^ni.
inunov'able, adj. hohopida

sni ; yuliohopida sni ; tokai) iya-

yepida sni.
immu'table, adj. yutokecapi-

da sni.
impair', v. a. yu^ida.
impart', v. a. etaijhai) wica^fu.
impas'sable, adj. iyuwelipida

sni.
impa'tient, adj. wadiij distiye-

dai) ; idomni.
impeach', v. a. iyaoijpa ; wiya-

01) pa.
impeach'ment, n. wiyaoijpa-

pi.
impede', v. a. anapta ; ki^ida ;

kaseya.
Impel', V. a. kahapa ; iyopa^ta-

ka.
impend', v. n. iwaigkam otkeya ;

akipe kta.
impercep'tible, adj. wagyag-

pida sni.
imper'fect, adj. yu^taijpi tei ;

osteka.

IMP

306

INO

imperishable, adj. luqwiq-

pica siii.
imper'tinent, adj. iwasicuij.
impet'uous, adj. wohitika.
im'pious, adj. waohoda sni.
impla'cable, adj. apaspepica

sni.
im'plement, «. tatu wowi^-

yuijyaijpi.
im'plicate, v. a. iyaoijpa; en

au.
imply', V. a. ka ; ka seececa.
implore', v. a. cekiya.
import', V. a. ahdi.
importune', v. a. kitaq ; oe-

kiya.
impose', v. a. to impose upon,

akagec'a.
impos'sible, ac?/. okihipica ^ni.
Im'potent, adj. was'ake sni.
impov'erish, v. a. yuwaHpa-

nica.
imprac'tieable, adj. edoijpica

^ni.
imipress', v. a. owa ; okatdoka ;

nalidoka.
im'press, n. oowa.
imprint', v. a. owa.
impris'on, v. a. kaska ; kaska

hnaka.
improb'able, adj. widakapi

sni iyececa.
improp'er, adj. hecetu sni.
im'pudent, adj. wistece sni.
impure', adj. ecedaij sni.
impute', V. a. kidiyawa.
in, prep, en ; ohna ; malien.
inabil'ity, n. wookihi sni.
inac'curate, adj. owotaijna

sni.
inac'tive, adj. miniheca sni ;

liai)hi.
inad'equate, adj. obi sni ; iyo-

lii sni.
inal'terable, adj. togye kali-
pica sni.
inca'pable, adj. okihi sni ; ki-

pi sni.
incar'nate, adj. wicadehpi ic'u.
in'cense, n. to offer incense,

iziuya.
incite', v. a. iyopastaka.
inclem'ent, adj. as the wea-
ther, kiliar)sica.
incline', v. a. awaciqya.
inclin'ed, part, takiriyai) ; apa-

mahde.
inclose', v. a. nataka.

include', v. a. en opeya.
incohe'rent, adj. zuijte sni.
incomplete', adj. yustaijpi sni.
incomprehen'sible, adj. oka-

hnilipida sni.
ineonceiv'able, adj. iyukdaq-

pida sni.
inconsol'able, adj. wacii)tor)-

Lnagyepida sni.
ineon'stant, adj. aliai)liar)ka.
incorrect', adj. hedetu sni;

owotaijna sni.
incorrect'ly, adv. togye ; owo-

tarina sni.
incorrup'tible, adj. liuqwiij-

pida sni.
increase', v. n. icaga ; tai]ka

aya.
in'crease, n. oidage.
incred'ible, adj. wicadapica

sni.
incul'cate, v. a. waoijspekiya.
incur', v. a. i^idaga.
incu'rable, adj. asniyepida sni.
indeed', , adv. awidakehaq ;

ehaes ; nakaes ; edaes ; i:aas ;

Jceda.
indel'ible, adj. pazuzupica sni.
indel'icate, adj. taku 013 iste-

dapi kta.
indent', v. a. yakoijtkoflta ; ka-

koi}tkor)ta ; kasmaka.
indent'ed, part, koijtkoijta.
independ'ent, adj. isnana ; ta-

waidiya.
indestruc'tible, adj. ihaijgye-

pida sni.
In'dian, n. Ikdewidasta : In-
dian-corn, wamnaheza ; wakma-

heza.
in'dicate, v. a. oyaka ; pazo.
indifferent, adj. Letaijhari to-

keda ediripi.
iu'digent, adj. wahpanida.
indig'nant, adj. sihda.
in'digo, n. witoye.
indirect', adj. owotaijna sni ;

oliomni.
indistinct', adj. ohmurilimur) ;

owotaijii) sni.
indite', v. a. oyaka.
individ'ual, n. waijzidaij.
individ'ually, adv. iyohiya.
indivis'ible, adj. kicaksepica

sni.
in'dolence, n. widokuie.
in'dolent, adj. kuza.
indulge', v. a. iyowiijkiya.

indus'trious, adj. miniheca.
indus'triously, adv. amini-

henya.
in'dustry, n. widomiuiheca.
ineffable, adj. oyagpida sni.
inefiec'tual, adj. okitpani.
inel'egant, adj. waste sni.
ines'timable, adj. yawapica

sni.
inexhaust'ible, adj. yuson-

pida sni.
inexpert', adj. wayupike sni.
infal'lible, adj. taku sida ecog

kta okihi sni.
in'famous, adj. sice hiijda.
in'fant, n. hoksiyok:opa.
infect', V. a. aiyahpeya.
infec'tion, n. aiyahpeyapi.
infer', v. a. yukdaij.
infe'rior, adj. iyowaza sni ; ihu-

kuya.
in'finite, adj. wopteda sni.
infirm', adj. suta sni ; was'ake

sni.
inflame', v. a. ideya.
inflate', v. a. ipogaq.
inflect', V. a. yukta;).
infold', V. a. ipehai).
inform', v. a. okiyaka.
informa'tion, n. wootagig.
infuse', v. a. okastag ; oi)spe-

kiya.
in'gathering, n. mnayaqpi.
inge'nious, adj. wayupika.
inge'niously, adv. wayupiya.
ingen'uous, adj. widaka.
ingrat'itude, n. wapidapi ^ni.
inhab'it, v. n. ouijyai) ; oti.
inhale', v. n. niya.
inher'itance, n. taku aifipeya-

pi.
inhos'pitable, adj. oia^sica.
inhu'man, adj. ohaipsurikeda ;

widastasni.
iniq'uity, n. woahtani.
iryect', v. a. ohna okastaq.
injec'tion, n. oijze okastaijpi.
in'jure, v. a. kiuijniyai) ; yusi-

da ; napi^taijyai) ; ksuweya.
in'jury, n. kiuqniyaijpi.
ink, n. minisapa : inkstand, mi-

nisapa ozuha.
in'land, adj. heyata.
in'most, adj. mehetu ; taq ma-
hen.
in'nocent, adj. iyao^pepica sni.
inofl^fen'sive, adj. taku sica

edoij sni.

INQ

307

JEW

inquire', v. a. iwaqga ; wiwaq-

inqui'ry, n. wiwai)gapi.
insane', adj. wac'iqhnuni.
in'seot, n. watutka.
insen'sible, adj. taku kiksuye

sni ; kiksuye ini.
in'side, adj. mahen.
insincere', adj. wicake sni.
insip'id, adj. skuye sni.
insist', V. to insist on, kitai).
insnare', v. a. hmupka.
in'solent, adj. waliaiji^Jida.
inspect', v. a. iwaqyaka.
inspire', v. n. niya.
instanta'neously, adv. ihnu-

haijna.
in'st£intly, adv. ihnuharjna.
instead', adv. to put in the

place of, heekiya.
in'step, n. itake ; haijpitake.
in'stigate, v. a. iyopastaka;

ec'oi) si.
in'stitute, v. a. kaga ; ehde.
instruct', v. a. waoijspekiya ;

oijspekiya ; wahokoijkiya.
instruo'tion, n. wowaorispeki-

ye-

in'strument, n. icage ; taku

wowir)yui)yai)pi.
insuffi'cient, adj. iyohi ^ni ;

iyecetu ^ni ; aokpani.
insult,' V. a. yasihda.
insurree'tion, n. wowakipa-

zii).
in'telleet, n. tawac'ii).
intel'ligence, n. wosdonye.
intel'ligent, adj. wasdonya ;

ksapa.
intel'ligible, adj. okatnilipi-

ca.
intem'perance, n. iyatahdei-

(Jiyapi ; witkopi.
intem'perate, adj. witko s'a ;

iyatahdei^iya.
intend, v. n. wadiq yuza ; koi^-

za ; wakicoijza.
intense'Iy, adv. nina ; liiijca.
intent', adj. to be intent on, awa-

cii) yai)ka.
intercede', v. iciya ; woc'eki-

ye ekiciya.
interces'sor, n. wawic'iya.
interchange', v. a. togiyope-

kioiyapi ; iciyopekiyapi.
in'terest, n. oicage.
interfere', v. n. i en hiyeya.
interior, n. heyata; mahetu.

inter'minable, adj. owihaqke

wanic'a.
intermis'sion, n. ayustaqpi.
intermit, v. n. tuktekten ayu-

4tai).
intermix', v. a. ic'ahi ; ic'aliiya.
inter'nal, adj. maben ; kaijye.
interpose', v. a. anakiksiij.
inter'pret, v. a. oyaka ; ieska

oyaka.
inter'preter, n. ieskakiyapi ;

iekiyapi.
inter'rogate, v. a. iviwaijga.
interroga'tion, n. wiwic'awaq-

gapi.
interrupt', v. a. anapta.
intersect', v. ipaweb iyaya.
intersect'ing, part, ipaweiya.
intersperse', v. a. icicahiya

ozu ; icicaliiya ehnaka.
inter'stice, n. oko.
in'terval, n. iyotahedai).
interweave', v. a. kazoijta.
intes'tines, n. supe.
in'timately, adv. iyakitedai).
intim'idate, v. a. wakokipe

kicaga; wawinibarjya.
in 'to, jyrep. maben ; ohna ; en.
intomb', v. a. Ha.
in'tonate, v. n. wotii).
intox'ieate, v. a. witkoya.
intox'icated, part, witko.
intrench', v. a. maka ka ;

o].ca.
intrep'id, adj. waditaka ; taku-

dai) kokipe ^ni.
intrep'idly, adv. waditagya.
in'tricate, adj. oskiske.
in'tricately, adv. oiki^keya.
intrust', v. a. kiyuhekiya.
in'undate, v. n. aminitaij.
invade', v. a. watakpe ya ; ana-

taq.
invent', v. a. tok4 yulidokec'a.
invert', v. a. or)zibosdan ebna-

ka.
invest', v. a. koyaka.
inves'tigate, v. a. awaciij ;

iyukcai).
invig'orate, v. a. yuwa^'aka.
invin'cible, adj. ohiyepic'a inL
invis'ible, adj. waqyagpica

sni.
invite', v. a. kic'o.
invit'ed, part, kicopi.
invoke', v. a. cekiya ; wac'e-

kiya.
involve', v. a. iyapemni.

invul'nerable, adj. kiuijniye-

pic'a sni ; opic'a ^ni.
in '■wards, adv. kaijye ; maben.
in'wrap', v. a. iyapemni ; pa-

zoi)ta.
iras'cible, adj. waciiiko.
i'ris, n. wibmuqke.
i'ron, n. mazasapa : a smoothing

iron, wipamdaye.
i'ron, V. a. wapamdaya ; pa-

mdaya.
i'ron-vrood, n. uspai)spai)hec'a.
irreconcil'able, adj. okidi-

yuwastepica sni.
irrecov'erable, adj. ehdaku-

pica sni.
irreprehen'sible, adj. iyaoq-

pepica sni.
irreprov'able, adj. bapica ^ni.
irrevers'ible, adj. yutokeca-

pioa sni.
ir'ritable, adj. wopanic'a.
ir'ritate, v. a. c'aijksiya ; yasi-
hda ; cai)te oki^ur)ninya.
ir'ritated, part. c'ai)ksi.
is, V. n. ui) ; yaijka ; yukaij.
isl'and, n. -wita.
is'sue, v. n. kaduza.
isth'mus, n. skita ; stiskita.
it, pron. be ; iye.
itch, v. n. yaspuya.
itch, n. awic'ayaspuya.
itin'erate, v. n. tiiyaza ug ;

icimani ui).
itself, pron. he \q ; iye \q.

J.

jack'et, n. aokihaijna.
jad'ed, ;)a?-<. mdokita.
jag'ged, adj. pepe.
jag'gy, adj. pepeya hiyeya.
jam, V. a. aopuskic'a hiyeya.
Jan*uary, n. Witebi.
jar, v. a. pabobo.
jav'elin, n. wabukeza.
javr, n. under jaw, c'ebupa ;

iku.
jeal'ous, V. nawizi ; nakiwizi ;

inawizi.
jeal'ousy, n. wowinawizi.
Jeho'vah, n. Jebowa.
jerk, v. 71. naka.
jest, V. n. owehaijhai) ; aowe-

haqbaq.
jest, n. wowihadar).
jest'er, n. wawihaka.
je"w'el, n. oii)na ; oil) tefiike.

JIN

308

LAT

jin'gle, V. a. yusnasna ; nasna-

sna.
jocose', adj. wawiliaka.
jog, V. a. panini ; pahuLuza.
jog'gle, V. a. pahoho.
join, v. a. idiyaskapa; askamya;

aopuskic'a ; aohduteya ; ikoyag-

ya ; idikoyagya ; okibe ; okibe-

ya; iyofipeya.
joint, n. iyokihe ; bu iyokibe.
jointly, adv. ptaya ; akiptaq.
joist, n. can hdakiijyari waqke.
joke, n. wowiha.
joke, V. n. oijskata ; oqkiskata.
jolly, adj. ohiijniyai) iha..
jolt, V. a. kaptaqptai).
jour'ney, v. n. icitnani ; ohni-

hde.
jour'ney, n. icimanipi ; oici-

mani ; wicohnihde.
jovrl, n. iyoia ; tapoi).
joy, n. wowiyuskin.
joy'ful, adj. pida; wiyuskii).
joy'fully, adv. iyuikiqyai).
judge, V. a. yao'o.
judge, n. wayado.
judg'ment, n. woyado.
July', n. Wasui)pa-wi.
jum'ble, V. a. yuididahi.
jump', V. n. ipsida.
June, n. Waiuitedasa-wi.
just, adj. owotaijna : just so,

hedetu.
jus'tice, n. wicoowotaijna.
jus'tify, V. a. yuowotaijna ;

owotarina yawa.
just'ly, adv. owotagna.

K.

keel, n. wasidu.

keen, adj. pe liirida.

keep, V. a. yuba; hduba; pa-

tai) ; kpatai) ; tehinda : to keep

for, kiyuba ; kiciyuha : keep

back, anida ; ipida : to watch

over, awariyaka.
keep'er, n. yuhe diij ; waawaq-

hdake.
keg, n. kokadag ; kokoiuha.
ker'chief, n. wapaogedaij.
ker'nel, n. do ; donida.
ket'tle, n. cega ; cega huha-

toqna.
key, n. iyutdoke ; tiyopa iyu-

idoke.
kick, V. a. nahtaka.
kid, n. tadiqcadai).

kid'nap, v. a. wica^ta manoij.
kid'ney, n. paksiij ; wicapa-

ksii).
kill, V. a. kte ; kata ; kata

iyeya ; edahai) ; bota ; hdata ;

bduta ; nata ; pata ; yuta ; te

kiya ; tin kte.
kind, n. obe ; odaie.
kind, arf;'. waog^ida; wadaijtki-

ya.
kin 'die, v. ide ; itkoi) ; deti ;

ideya.
kind'ness, ». wowaste; wowa-

oqsida.
kin'dred, n. wowahecoi) ; ta-

kukiciyapi.
king, n. wida^tayatapi.
king'dom, n. wokidogze; wi-

coskaijskaq.
king'fisher, n. kusdeda.
kiss, V. a. iiputaka ; iputaka.
kiteh'en, n. tipi ohna wohai)-

pi ede.
kit 'ten, n. inmusuqka diqca-

daq.
knead, v. a. pasuta.
knee, n. Lupahu : knee-pan, ta-

kaqgi.
kneel, v. a. daijpeska makehde

inazii).
knife, n. isan ; miijna.
knit, V. iyahdebuqska kaga :

knitting-needle, iyobe idage.
knofbed, part, kasditka.
knock, V. apa ; kabubu ; kato-

to : to knock over, kaba iyeya.
knoll, n. pazodaq.
knot, V. iyaka^ka.
knot, n, oiyaka^ke : of a tree,

psuijka ; adetka.
knot'ty, adj. adetka ota.
kno'W, V. a. sdonya ; sdonkiya ;

to know bow, oi)spe ; waoqspe.
kno"wredge, n. wosdonye.
knuc'kle, n. nape hdupsuqka.

la'bor, n. wicoitani.

la'bor, V. n. btani ; kidaqyaj) :

to labor for, abtani.
labo'rious, adj. minibeda.
labo'riously, adv. tebiya.
lace, V. a. yuskiskita.
lack, V. n. iyokpani ; idakiia ;

iwabpanica.
lack'ing, part, idakiia.
lad, n. hoksidag ; hoksina.

lad'der, n. dai) iyamanipi.
lade, V. a. as a boat, ozu ; wa-

tohnaka : to lade out, kapte.
la'den, part, yus'aka.
la'dle, n. tukiha ; idapte ; iyo-

kapte.
la'dy, n. wiwasteka.
la'dy's-slipper, n. pisko ta-

haijpe.
lag, V. n. hektam u ; huqke ^ni ;

mdokita.
lake, n. mde ; mdedai).
lamb, n. tahii) wanuijyaripi dii)-

dadai).
lame, adj. huste.
lament', v. a. adeya.
lamp, n. petiiaqzaq.
lamp 'black, n. wisamye.
lance, n. wabukeza.
lan'cet, n. kaq idatpe.
land, n. maka ; makoce : by

land, heyam.
land, V. n. hen ihaq ; huta ekta

ihuni.
land'ing, n. oibuni.
lane, n. daqku.
lan'guage, n. iapi.
lan'guid, adj. iVbXix) ; wai'ake

^ni ; ahtata.
lan'guish, v. n. haqye.
lan'guor, n. wosihtiq.
leink, adj. tamabeca.
lap, n. siyoto ; bupazahde.
lap, V. a. idiyopata : to Uck,

sdipa.
larch, n. ^iqta.
lard, n. kukuse ihdi.
large, adj. taqka ; taqkiqkiq-

yaq ; taqkiqyaqyaq ; otaijka :

so large, niskokeda ; niskotaq-

ka ; hiqskokeda.
large'ly, adv. taqkaya ; utkaq-

na.
large'ness, n. otaqka.
lark, n. ^dosdodaq.
las'situde, n. idowicamni ; oM-

tapi.
last, adj. ebake ; hakakta : last

autumn, ptiqhaq : last winter,

wanibaq : last spring, wehaq :

last summer, mdokehaq : last

night, hiqhaq.
lastly, adv. ebake.
latch, n. tiyom-inatake.
latch'et, n. of a shoe, haqkpaq.
late, adj. tebaq hi sni ; tehaq.
late'ly, adv. askatudaq ; naka.
la'ter, adj. iyohakam.

LAT

309

LOD

lath'er, n. wipaiaia tage.
laud, V. a. yatai) ; idowar).
laud'able, adj. idowaqpida.
laud'anum, n. oij istiijmapi.
laugh, V. ilia ; iliaha ; ikiha.
laugh'ter, n. iliapi.
launch, v. wata minin iyeya.
lavish, adj. oiaijpi ; icewig.
lavishly, adv. icewiijyaij.
law, n. woope ; wic'oope : wo-

koijze.
lavr'yer, n. woope aiekiyapi.
lax, n. kaiopi.
lax, adj. suta ^ni ; zigzida.
lay, V. a. hnaka ; ehnaka ; elide :

to lay up, aiu ; waiu ; kihnaka ;

wakihnaka : lay, as eggs, oka-
da.
lay'er, n. in layers, okimdetoi)-

toi) ; akilina ; itakihna.
la'ziness, n. wicokuze.
la'zy, adj. kuia.
lead, V. a. yus aya : to lead to,

iyahdeya ; aiyahde.
lead, n. mazasu.
lead'er, n. itai)dai) ; kahinto-

kamye cii) ; zuye dii) ; mdetaij-

huijka.
leaf, n. ape ; waUpe ; wapa ;

daijwapa : leaf of a book, yu-

mdayapi.
leafless, adj. osanka ; osaij-

kaka.
league, n. odakonkidiyapi.
leak, V. n. kuse ; ohiyu.
lean, v. n. takiijyai) Laij.
lean, adj. tamaheda.
leaning, par^ ataomya; idaij-

hai) ; kanakeya.
leap, V. n. ipsida ; psin iyaya.
learn, v. n. oi)spei^idiya.
learn'ed, adj. taijyaij oijspe.
learning, n. wooijspe.
least, adj. iyotar) distiijna.
leath'er, n. ha tpaijyaijpi ; wa-

kihdaka.
leave, v. a. eipeya ; ayusta^ ;

iyakiduni ; okapta ; oyapta.
leav'en, n. oij napotyapi.
leavings, n. oyaptapi ; oyu-

ptapi.
lec'ture, n. wowaliokoqkiye.
leo'ture, v. a. wahokoijkiya.
leech, n. tusda.
lee '"ward, adv. aitahdaibe.
left'-hand, n. datka : to the

left hand of, icatkataijhai).
leg, ». hu ; humdo ; huha.

leg'acy, ». woaihpeye.
leg'gins, r>. hui)ska.
legible, adj. yawapida ; taijii).
legislate, v. n. widoope kaga.
lei'sure, «. owaqzi yukaijpi :

at leisure, owaijii yai)ka.
lei'surely, adv. iwomniyen.
lend, V. a. o^u ; waojiu.
lend'ing, n. owidajfupi.
length, n. ohai)ske.
length'en, v. a. yuhaijska.
less, adv. aopten ; aotpani.
let, V. a. iyowiijkiya.
let'ter, n. oowa ; wowapi.
lev'el, adj. mdaya ; mdayedai) ;

omdaya.
lev'el, n. omdaye ; mdamdata.
lev'el, V. a. yumdaya ; kamda-

ya.
lex'icon, n. -widoie wowapi.
li'ar, n. itoQ^ni s'a.
li'bel, n. woakage.
lib'eral, adj. oliai)pi.
lib'erally, adv. ohaqpiya.
lib'erate, v. a. kiyuska.
lib'erty, n. ihduhapi ; tawai-

^iyapi.
li'brary, n. wowapi opiye.
li'cense, n. iyowigkiyapi.
lick, V. a. sdipa ; kisdipa ; asdipa.
lid, n. dega iha.
lie, n. woitoijsni.
lie, V. n. itoijsni ; itoi)ka ; edii)-

kta eya : to recline, wa^ka ;

iwa^ka ; makata iwaijka.
life, n. widoni.
life'less, adj. ni sni ; ta.
lift, V. a. yuha ; yuwai)kan idu.
light, n. iyoiai)iai) ; iyoyaijpa.
light, adj. kapoiedai] : light-
headed, itohomni.
light, V. a. izariiai) ; ideya : to

light from, ipsida : light on, iya-

haq.
light'en, v. a. iyoyamya :

to make not heavy, lighten,

yukapozedai).
light'ly, adv. kapozedai).
light'ning, n. waka^hdi.
lights, n. dagu.
like, adj. iyededa ; hedeca.
like, adv. iyeden; iyedenya;

iyadiijyai).
like, V. a. wastedaka ; iyokipi.
like'ly, adv. nadeda.
lik'en, v, a, iyaciij.
like'ness, n. iyadiijpi ; widaite

kagapi.

like 'wise, adj. nakuq ; ko ;

koya.
lil'y, n. mnahdahda.
limb, n. huha ; adetka.
lim'ber, adj. winswiqiedaij.
lime, n. iijyaq acetipi ; maka-

sai).
lim'it, n. ihaijke ; opapui).
limp, V. n. huste mani.
lin'den, n. hiqta.
line, n. ikaij ; idaiopi ; oidazo.
lin'en, n. minihuha.
lin'ger, v. n. ye kapiij.
lin'ing, n. taku itakihna.
link, n. maza ididahiha wai)ii :

linked together, idikoyakapi.
li'on, n. mnaia.
lip, n. upper lip, pute: under

lip, isti : lips, iha : lips moving,

i^paspa.
liq'uid, adj. mini iyededa.
liq'uidate, v. a. kazuiu.
lisp, v. n. yasdiya ia.
list, n. opapui).
lis'ten, v. a ; anagoptaq.
lis'tening, part, nogoptai).
list'less, adj. waanagoptai) sni.
lit'eral, adj. atayedai).
liti'g^ous, adj. wakinida.
lit'tle, adj. cistiijna ; dikadaq ;

dikcistiqpidai).
lit'tle, n. wani]j:adai) ; wani-

stiijna; tonana ; oqgedai) ; apa-

dai).
live, V. n. ni ; ti ; ouijyafl : to

live again, kini.
live'ly, adj. atatadaq.
liv'er, n. pi ; tapi ; widapi.
liv'ing, n. ouqyaijpi ; nipi.
liz'ard, n, ahde^kadaq.
lo, inlj. wai) ; iqjrui) ; ito.
load, n. wa^tii) ; our) waijzidai).
load, V. a. oiu ; ohnaka ; tape-

te akan ehnaka.
load'ed, part, yus'aka ; tkeya

\ix) ; oiupi.
loaf, n. aguyapi 4pai).
loaf, V. n. to loaf about, asiij.
loan, V. a. o^u.
loathe, V. a. hitihda ; ^idedaka.
lock, n. inatake.
lock, V. a. nataka ; nakitaka ;

onataka.
lo'cust, n. psipsidadag.
lodge, V. n. ouijyai) ; iwaijka :

to lodge, as a tree, iyepe : make

lodge, iyepeya.
lodge, n. wakeya ; okeya.

LOD

310

MAR

lodg'ing, part, iyepeya.
loft, n. waqkan tipi.
loft'y, adj. tewaijkantu.
log, re. caqkaga.
log'wood, n. car) widuduta.
loins, n. wicapaksiri ; wicanite.
loi'ter, V. n. liekta ku ; iwa^te-

daij ya.
loll, V. n. iwai)ka.
lone, adj. nana ; isnana.
long, adj. liariska; haijskaska;

tehag : long ago, tanihaij ; wa-

nakaza ; eliaqna.
lon'ger, adj. sam haijska.
lon'gest, adj. iyotai) haijska.
longevity, n. wanakas wotapi.
long-suffering, adj. wawaciij-

kta yuza taijka.
look, V. n. toqwaij; waijyaka;

atoijwar) : to look at, etoijwar) ;

opalita ; iwaijyaka ; awaqyaka :

look back, hakikta.
look'ing-glass, n. ihdiyomda-

sir).
loom, n. caijwicazuijte.
loon, re. mdoza.
loop, re. ^uijioyake.
loose, adj. hohodaij.
loose, V. a. yu^ka ; kiyuska ;

hduska.
loosely, adv. oidaidadar) ;

lidalidayedar) ; olita&tadai) ; a-

yulidagarinaka.
loos'en, V. n. to come loose, yu-

lidali icu ; naicoga.
lop, V. a. to lop off, kaspa iyeya.
loqua'cious, adj. iwakaq ; iwa-

^icug.
lord, re. itagcai) ; yuhe ciq.
lordly, ac?;. itaqdarikiya; itaij-
cariyari.
lose, V. a. toki eUpeya.
lost, part, taqiri sni.
loud, adj. nina ; hotai)kakiya.
louse, re. heya; henapetoqna.
lou'sy, adj. heya ota.
love, re. cai)tekiyapi ; woca;)-

tkiyapi ; wowastedake.
love, V. a. wastedaka ; caijte-

kiya ; wacii) en yuza.
low, adj. kucedaq : cheap, wa-

sakadai).
l0"W, V. re. hotoi).
lo"wly, adj. oi)sikihaq ; wa-

liai)i^ida sni.
lo"W-spirlted, adj. iyokisica.
lu'cid, adj. kohdi.
luck'y, adj. w4pi.

lug, V. a. !^ii) : ynha.
lug'gage, re. wahpaya.
luke'-warm, adj. iteca : to

make tepid, itenya.
lull, V. a. kihna.
lu'minous, adj. iyoiaqiai).
lump, re. psuqka.
lungs, re. c'agu.
lurk, V. re. nafimana ui).
lust, re. captiheyapi ^ica.
lute, re. dai)dowar)kiyapi.
lye, re. caiota haijpi.

M.

ma'cerate, v. a. ka^u^uia.
machine', re. taku wowiriyu^-

yaiipi ; taku ikicaqyaijpi.
machinist, re. wakage s'a.
mac'ulate, adj. hdeska^ka.
mad, adj. witkotkoka ; hnaskirj-

yai).
mad'den, v. a. yutna^kiriyar).
mad'der, re. wi^aye.
made, part, kagapi : made like,

kaliya.
madly, adv. witkotkoya.
mad'man, re. witkotkoke cii).
magazine', re. cahdi opiye.
mag'got, n. wamdudai).
ma'gi, re. wicasta ksapapi.
maglo, n. wakai) ecoijpidai).
magi'eian, re. wakai) eco^na.
magistrate, re. wayac'o.
magnanimous, adj. waciq-

taijka.
magnificent, adj. wawinihaij ;

■waite liir)ca.
mag'nify, v. a. yatag ; yutaq-

ka.
mag'nitude, n. tai)ka kii).
mag'pie, n. uijkdekilia.
maid, re. wikoska.
mail, re. wowapi ahipi.
maim, v. a. o ; huha kaksa.
mainly, adv. iyotaijyai).
maintain', v. a. yuha ; icalya.
main'tenance, re. taku oi)

nipi.
maize, re. wamnaheza.
majes'tic, adj. okinihaq.
major'ity, re. wicota.
make, v. a. kaga : to cause to

do, ecoijkiya.
ma'ker, re. waicaliye.
mal'ady, n. wowayazai).
male, adj. wica ; mdoka.
maledic'tion, re. yasicapi.

malev'olence, re. wocai)niye ;

wosihda.
mal'ice, n. wocaijniye.
mal'let, re. caij iyapa.
mam 'ma, re. mama ; ina : thy

mother, nihuq : his or her

mother, huijku.
man, re. wicaita : a young man,

ko^ka ; an old man, widatiijc'a.
man'acle, v. a. ka^ka.
man 'age, v. a. yuha.
man'ageahle, adj. yuhapi wa-

^te.
mane, n. apehiq : mane all

gone, ayusmiqsmii).
ma'nes, re. wanagi ; wicanagi.
man'ful, adj. waditaka.
man'fully, adv. waditagya.
man'ger, w. pezi ohna iyeyapi.
man'gle, v. a. bahorihoij.
man'gled, part, baspa^papi.
ma'niac, re. tuwe taku ihna-

skiijyaij.
man'ifest, v. a. yaotaijii) ; yu-

otaijiq.
man'ifestly, adv. tai)ii)yai) ;

okitar)ir)yai) ; iyokitaqiijyar).
man'ifold, adj. otakiya.
man'ner, re. a custom, wicohag.
man'sion, re. tipi ta^jka.
man'slaughter, re. tinwic'a-

ktepi.
man'slayer, re. tinwic'akte.
man'tle, re. sina.
man'tle, v. a. akahpa.
manufac'ture, v. a. kaga.
manumit', v. a. kiyuska.
manure', re. tacesdi.
ma'ny, adj. ota ; -wicota ; pa-

wika ; akihtata : how many,

tona : so many, denakeca ; ka-

nakeca : many times, otakiya.
man'yplies, re. ihaha ; tihaha.
map, re. makoe'e owapi.
ma'ple, re. hard or sugar maple,

daijhasai) : soft maple, tahdohu.
mar, v. a. yusida.
March, re. Istawidayazai)-wi.
m.arch, v. a. mani ; katiijyai)

ya.
mare, re. suktagka wiye.
mar'gin, n. opapui) ; ihaijke.
mark, re. wowapetokeda ; iwa-

petokeda ; idagopi ; idazopi.
mark, v. a. wapetogtoi) ; idago ;

idazo.
mar'ket, re. -wiyopeye tipi ; wi-

yopekidiyapi.

MAR

311

MIL

marks 'inEin, n. waoka.
mar'riage, n. kic'iyuzapi.
niar'ried,^ar<. hihnatoq ; tawi-

cutoi).
mar'ro'w, n. cupe.
mar'ry, v. winoliiijda yuza ;

Tfiaka.Tj kiciyuzapi : wolipa ; yu-

Ipa.
marsh, n. wiwi ; lidilididai) ;

ptega.
mar'shal, n. akicita tagcai).
mar'ten, n. nakpagida.
mar'tial, adj. martial music,

akicita tadowag.
mar'vel, n. woyusiijyaye.
mas'culine, adj. wica.
mash, V. a. kasusuza ; yuza.
mask, n. ite akalipe: wicite

kagapi.
mass, n. oc'owasii).
mas'sacre, n. tinwicaktepi ;

wicaktepi.
mast, n. uskuyeca ; uta : mast

of a ship, wita wata iliupa.
mas'ter, n. otaqcarike ; waoi)-

spekiya.
meis'ter, v. a. ohiya.
mas'terly, adj. itaqcaijyai).
mas'tery, n. woohiye.
mas'ticate, v. a. yapaijpaqna ;

yaliuhuga.
mat, n. owipza ; psa owiijza.
mat, V. a. kawiijza.
match, V. n. kidica ; kici aki-

dededa.
mate, n. tawasi ; tawasitku.
mate'rial, n. taku oi) kagapi.
mat'rimony, n. kiciyuzapi.
mat'ter, n. tog.
mat'ter, v. n. toi)yai) ; toi) au.
mat'tock, n. magidamna taij-

ka.
m.at'urate, v. n. toijyai).
mature', adj. taijyai) sutoi} ;

taijyaq idaga.
maul, n. car) iyapa.
maAV, n. tezi ; nige.
max'im, n. widoie ; iapi.
May, n. Woiupi-wi.
may, v. aux. okilii.
ma'zy, adj. oski^ke.
me, pron. miye ; mis ; ma ; mi.
mead'o^w, n. peii kasdapi ;

omdaya.
mea'gre, adj. tamaheda.
meal, n. wotpaqpi ; mdu.
mean, adj. i\6a.
mean, v. a. ka ; kica.

mean'ing, n. kapi.
meanly, adv. sidaya.
mea'sles, n. makoside wai).
mea'sure, v. a. iyuta : to

measure with the arm, akatii).
mea'sure, n. wiyutapi ; aka-

tii)pi,
meat, n. woyute ; donida ; ta-

do ; wadonida.
meehan'ic, «. wakage s'a.
med'al, n. mazaska kagapi ; ma-

za skopa; wanapiq.
med'dle, v. a. i en hiyeya.
me'diate, v. a. idiya ; okitahe-

dai) ui).
me'diator, n. wawidiya ; oki-

tahedai) uq.
med'ieine, n. pezihuta.
med'itate, v. a, awadiq.
medita'tion, n. awaciqpi.
me'dium, n. taku oq.
meek, adj. walibadaij ; tawa-

dii) waite.
meek'ness, n. widowalibadai).
meet, adj. iyedetu.
meet, v. a. akipa ; akidipa ;

itkokipa ; itkokim ya : to meet

together, mnidiyapi.
meet'lng, n. akipapi ; akicipa-

pi ; itkokipapi ; omniciye.
merancholy, n. iyokisidapi.
me'liorating, part, awasteya-

ken aya.
mel'lOTV, adj. waqkadaq ; suta

sni ; maka paripaqna.
mel'lo'W, V. to make mellow,

yumdu ; kamdu.
mel'ody, n. dowaqpi.
mel'on, n. saka yutapi.
melt, V. sdo ; Moya ; skaq ;

stunya.
mem'ber, n. of the body, huha.
memen'to, ?«. wokiksuye.
mem'orahle, adj. kiksuyapi

waste.
mem'ory, n. wadiqkiksuyapi.
men, n. widasta.
men'aee, v. a. kige ; wakokipe

kidaga.
mend, v. a. piya ; piya kaga ;

kagege.
mend, v. n. wasteyaken aya.
me'nial, n. wowidake.
men'ses, n. isnatipi.
men'tion, v. a. oyaka; daze-

yata.
mer'cenary, adj. opetoripida.
mer'chandise, n. maza.

mer'chant, n. wopetoi).
mer'ciful, adj. waoqsida ; wa-

daijtkiya.
mer'cifully, adv. waoq sidaya.
mer'ciless, adj. waoq^ida ^ni.
mer'cy, n. wowaoqsida ; wo-

daqtkiye : to have mercy on,

oqsida.
mere, adj. ededai).
mere'ly, adv. ededaq.
merid'ian, n. wiyotaqhaq.
mer'it, v. iyekidihaijtu.
mer'rily, adv. ihahaya ; iyu-

skii)yar).
mer'ry, adj. iyu^kiq ; daijte

wa^te.
mess, V. witaya wotapi.
mes'sage, n. woyake : to send

a message, wahoya ; hosiya ;

wahosi ya.
mes'senger, n. wahosiya.
Messi'ah, n. Mesiya.
met, part, akipapi.
met'al, «. maza.
metamor'phose, v. a. yutoke-

da.
met'aphor, n. wiyadiqpi.
mete, v. a. iyuta.
me'teor, n. wakaij wohpa.
meth'od, n. edoijpi kii).
met'tled, adj. skehe.
me"W, V. n. inmusuqka hotoq.
mice, n. hituijkadai).
mid'-day, n. aijpedokaya ; wi-

yotai)hai).
mid'dle, adj. cokaya.
mid'dle, n. odokaya.
mid'night, n. haqyecokaya.
midst, adj. dokata.
mid'summer, n. mdoketuco-

kaya.
mid '■wife, n. ciqda toqwida-

kiye.
mid-"W"in'ter, n. wanidokaya.
might, V. aux. okihi.
might, n. wookihi ; wowa^'ake.
migh'tily, adv. was'agya.
migh'ty, adj. was'aka ; wawo-

kihi ; taijka.
mi'grate, v. n. ihdaka ; ihdag

ya.
mi'grating, part, uqhdaka uij.
migra'tion, n. uqhdakapi ;

ihdakapi.
mild, adj. wahbaka ; wahbadai) ;

ahbayedar) ; tawadii) waste :

mild, pleasant weather, owa4te-

dake ; amdakedai).

MIL

312

MOU

mil'devr, v. n. aa.
mildly, adv. wahbayedai).
mile, n. wiyutapi haijska ; caq-

ku iyutapi.
military, adj. akic'ita owasii).
milk, n. pte asaripi.
milk, V. a. pte yuikic'a ; asagpi

yuskic'a.
milk'"weed, n. asaqpi-hu-^ida.
mill, n. wiyutpai).
mil'lion, n. woyawa ta:r)ka.
mill'stone, n. wiyutpai) iqyaij.
mimic, V. a. uqc'a.
mimic, n. waui)ca.
mince, v. a. bakpai).
mind, v. awaoiq ; ewacii).
mindless, adj. waciqtori sni.
mine, pron. mitawa.
mine, n. o^capi.
mine, v. oka.
min'eral, n. mineral deposit,

usdoniya.
min'gle, v. a. icic'ahiya.
miniature, n. wicite kagapi.
minister, n. ookiye ; taokiye.
minister, v. a. wowidagya.
mink, n. dok^ipca.
mi 'nor, n. hoksika ; uijcihi sni.
mint, n. ceyakata ; walipe wa-

stemna.
minute', adj. cistiqna higca.
mir'acle, n. wowapetokec'a.
mire, v. n. katdi ; kahdihdi ;

mir'ror, n. ihdiyomdasiij ; mi-

niyomdasii).
mirth, n. iiapi ; wowiyuskii).
mi'ry, adj. Mihdidai) ; dodopa.
mis'chief, n. wicowicastasni.
mis'chievous, adj. wica^ta-

^ni.
misconcep'tion, n. eciij^ni-

yai) yukcaripi.
mi'ser, n. waliduhaliakte cii).
mis'eraWe, adj. iyokisica.
mis'eraWy, adv. oqsiya; ka-

kisya.
mis'ery, n. wokakiie.
misinform', v. a. eciij^niyai)

okiyaka.
mislay', v. a. wicisniyai) ehna-

ka.
miss, V. a. o sni ; suta ; yusna ;

kasna ; bosna ; bokega.
missha'pen, ac?/'. hmiij ; Imir)-

yai).
miBB'ing, part, taqiij ini,
mist, n. minibozaq.

mistake', n. wanur) edoi)pi ;

eciijsniyai) yukcaijpi.
mistake', v. yusna ; yasna.
mist'y, adj. owotai)ir) sni.
misunderstemd', v. a. okaHni-

^ni.
mite, M. taku cistiqna.
mit'igate, v. a. yuaoptetu.
mit'ten, n. napiqkpa.
mix, V. icaM ; icahiya ; ic'ahi-

toi5 ; icicahiya.
mix'ed, part, icicahiyapi.
mix'ture, n. icabitogpi.
moan, v. n. ceya ; ^ic'ahowaya.
moc'casin, n. haijpa : mocca-
sin string, baijkpaQ.
mock, V. a. uijca; iliaia.
mock'er, n. wauijca.
mock'ery, n. ihahapi.
mod'el, M. okabopi ; okagapi.
mod'erately, adv. iwa^tedaq ;

iwahnana.
mod'ern, adj. askatudag.
mod' est, adj. wisteca ; wabba-

ka ; inina ui)ka.
mod'estly, adv. walibaya ; iwa-

stedai).
mod'esty, n. wistec'api.
mod'ify, v. a. togye kaga ; yu-

tokeca.
moi'ety, n. haqke.
moist, adj. bpai) ; tkiq ; staq-

ka ; spaya.
mois'ten, v. a. hpaijyai) ; spa-

yeya.
molas'ses, n. caijhaijpi tiktic'a.
mole, n. napebeyatahedai).
molest', V. a. nagiyeya ; beya-

ta iyeya.
molesta'tion, n. nagiyeyapi.
mon'arch, n. wicastayatapi taq-

ka.
Mon'day, n. Aijpetu wakaij

ibai)bai)na.
mon'ey, n. mazaska.
moni'tion, re. wowakta ; waki-

bdecapi.
mon'itor, n.
mon'key, n.
mon'ster, n.

uqktebi.
mon'strous, adj. taqka tiqca ;

taku wopteca sni.
month, n. wi.
mon'ument, n. wokiksuye.
moon, n. haqyetu-wi.
moon 'light, n. baqwiyagpa.
moor, n. ptega ; wiwi.

waoijspekiye.
wauqcadai).
taku taqkabiijca;

moor, V. maza aspei^iya minin

iyeya.
moose, n. ta.
moot, V. caieyata.
mop, n. owaijkipakiijte.
mop, V. a. owaijka pakiqta.
mo'pish, adj, ^ibtiq ; staka.
mor'als, n. widobaq.
morass', n. wiwi.
mor'bid, adj. wayazaqka ; za-

niyai) ui) sni.
more', adv. saijpa ; sam ; a-

ktoi).
moreo'ver, adv. iyakosai) ;

nakui).
morn, n. aqpao ; haqbaqna.
mom'ing, n. baijbaijna : tbe

morning after, ibaqbaijna :

morning star, aijpao wicai)bpi.
morose', adj. ksizec'a.
mor'row, n. beyakeciijhai).
mor'sel, re. oi)4pa ; iyobnake.
mor'tal, adj. tepic'a.
mor'tar, n. wibope ; up^ii^a.
mor'tified, part, buijwii).
mor'tify, V. a. iltenya.
mor'tise, v. a. kabdoka.
moss, re. iiiyai) waanunu ; bii)-

tkaribaka ; minibiijtkaijbaka.
most, adv. iyotai).
most'ly, adv. iyotaijyai).
mote, n. wakpukpa.
moth'er, n. ina : tby mother,

nihuq : his or her mother, huq-

ku : mother-in-law, ugci ; ni-

kur)si.
mo'tion, n. wico^kaiiskai).
mo'tive, re. taku oi).
mot'ley, adj. hdeskaska ; bde-

bdega.
moiild, n. aa.
mould, V. a. pasuta ; kaga.
moul'der, v. n. bpuwahai).
moul'dy, adj. aa ; aamna.
moult, V. a. kapsui).
moul'ting, n. kapsuijpi.
mound, re. paba ; paiodag.
mount, V. n. waqkan ya.
moun'tain, re. be ; paba.
moun'tainous, adj. boskiski.
mourn, v. aceya ; akiceya ;

wasibda.
mourn'fully, adv. iyoki^inya.
mouse, re. kituqkadai) : mouse-
trap, kituqkadai) oi) bmuijkapi.
mouth, re. i ; wicai : mouth of

a stream, mdote : mouthful,

iyohnaka.

MOV

313

NIG

mov'able, adj. hohodai] ; aye-
pica.

move, V. a. aya ; yuha ; tokai)
ehnaka ; yuhoho ; yuhuhuza.

move, V. n. skaij^kai) ; a^kaq-
skai) : to move with a family,
ihdaka ; uijhdaka.

moveless, adj. suta ; yulioho-
pica sni.

move 'ment, n. wieoskai) skai) .

mow, V. pezi kasda.

much, adv. ota ; utkaijna.

muck, n. wakpukpa ; watuse-
ksec'a.

mu'cus, n. pahdi.

mud, n. upsiza.

m.ud'dy, adj. sosa ; upsiza ota.

mud'dy, v. a. na^osa.

muffle, V. a. akahpetoq.

mug, M. maka miniyatkedai).

mulat'to, n. akpayeca.

mule, n. 4ur)ka ^oqsorjna.

mul'tiform, adj. otakiya.

multiplica'tion, n. yuotapi.

mul'tiplied, part, yuotapi.

mul'tiply, V. a. yuota.

mul'titude, n. wicota.

mum'ble, v.n. taqiijyai) ie sni.

munificence, n. wac'aijtkiya-

munificent, adj. waca^tkiya ;

oliaiipi.
muni'tion, n. coijka^ke.
mur'der, n. tinwidaktepi.
mur'der, v. a. tinwicakte.
mur'mur, v. ihnu ; wihnu ; i

en liiyeya.
mur'muring, n. wihnupi.
mus'cle, n. kaq ; tukihasai) :

muscle-sliell, tukihasaq.
muse, V. a. awaciij.
mush, n. woiapi : to make

mush, yu;fa ; wayuia.
mush'room, n. wicaijhpi hiij-

hpaya.
mu'sic, n. dowaqpi.
musk, n. oi)zir)tka ; siijkpe 05-

zintka.
mus'ket, n. mazakai).
musk'rat, n. siijkpe.
mus'lin, n. minihuha.
musqui'to, n. dapoijka : mus-

quito-bar, c'apoijg icuwa.
mus'ty, adj. aamna.
m.u'table, adj. yutokedapica.
mute, adj. inina ; ataijse.
mu'tilate, v. a. huh a baksa.
mu'tiny, n. owodutatoij.
40

mut'ton, n. tado ; tahiqda wa-

nuijyaqpi.
mu'tual, adj. iyakitedaij.
muz'zle, V. a. i pahta ; iyohmus

ehnaka.
my, )>ron. mitawa ; mita.
my'riad, n. kektopawii)ge wi-

kcemna.
myself, pron. miye ke ; miye

c'iijka ; mis miye.
mys'tery, n. taku okahnihpi-

ca sni ; woanahbe.

N.

nag, n. suktaijka c'istiijna.
nail, n. sake ; wicasake ; tiyo-
pa iyokatkuge ; maza iyokatku-

nail, V. a. okatai) ; aokatai).
nail'ed, part, okataijpi.
na'ked, adj. taqcodag ; taijco-

kadaq ; Mayehna.
name, n. c'aze ; wicac'aze ; wo-

caie : in the name of, c'aie-

yan.
name, v. a. c'aieyata ; daitox) ;

caskitoq : to name to one, ca-

zekiyata.
nam'ed, part, ec'iyapi ; daieya-

tapi.
nameless, adj. daze wanida.
nap, V. n. oguriga.
nap, n. hii).
nape, n. of the neck, tahuto-

stai).
nap'kin, «. napipakiijte.
nap'py, adj. powaye ; hiijhte-

ya.
narrate', v. a. oyaka ; woyaka.
narra'ted, part, oyakapi.
narra'tion, n. woyakapi.
nar'rovr, adj. odikadai) ; disti-

yedai) ; ohdakiijyai) ptededai).
nar'rowly, adv. kitaq se ; iAni-

kaes.
nas'ty, adj. sida.
na'tive, adj. en toijpi.
naught, n. takudaq : to set at

naught, ihalia ; ihakta sni : to

come to naught, atakuni ^nl.
naugh'ty, adj. wida^ta^ni.
nau'seated, part. hdepe kta

seda.
na'vel, n. dekpa.
na'vy, n. wita wata.
nay, adv. hiya.
neap, n. daijpahmihma ihupa.

near, adj. kiyedai) ; ikiyedai) ;

askadai) ; idikiyedai) : by a

near way, akokam.
near, v. n. kiyanya.
near'est, adj. kiyedaij hiijda ;

ikiyedai).
nearly, adv. kitaij hii) ; detu.
neat, adj. wayudo.
neatly, adv. wayudoya.
neck, n. dote ; tahu : neck of

land, skita.
neck'cloth, n. wanapiq.
necklace, w. wanapii) mda-

ska.
need, n. iwidakakize.
need, v. n. idakiza ; dii).
nee'dle, n. tahiijspadil^adaij.
need'y, adj. idakiia.
neglect', n. woakiktoijze ; wo-

aktasni.
neglect', v. a. akta^ni ; aki-

ktoriza.
negleet'ed, part, aktapiini.
neglect'ful, adj. waakiktoqia.
ne'gro, n. wa^iduij sapa.
neigh, v. n. suktaqka hotoi) ;

pai).
neigh'hor, n. tuwe ikiyedai)

ui) ; aiyog yaqka.
nei'ther, pron. uqmana sni.
neph'e"W, n. toq^ka ; toq^ka-

ku : nephew's wife, takoi ; ta-

kosku.
nerve, n. kai) ; darika-suqta.
ner'vous, adj. wopanida ; wa-

kahtakeda ; wasazeda.
nest, n. hohpi.
net, n. ho.
net'tles, n. ha^be.
neu'ter, adj. uqmana ope sni.
nev'er, adv. tohii)ni-^ni ; idi-

mana-sni.
nevertheless', adv. heceda

e^ta.
new, adj. teca ; a^katudai) :

new birth, teda nien toqpi.
ne'w'ly, adv. nakaha ; tedaya.
ne"ws, n. wotaqii).
next, adj. iyokihe.
nib'ble, v. a. yaspa^pa.
nice, adj. waste.
nice'ly, adv. taqyeh ; iwayupi-

ya.
nick'name, v. a. wowihadaq

dastoi).
niece, n. toiaq ; tuQzaq ; tui)-

ia.T)k\i.
nigh, adv. ikiyedai).

NIG

314

ONC

night, n. haiiyetu ; last night,

hiijhai) : pleasant night, haij

waste : night-walk, haijmani.
nim'ble, adj. duzahaij.
nine, num. adj. napciijwaijka.
nine 'teen, num. adj. uqma na-

pdiijwaijka.
nine'teenth, num. adj. iuijma

napciijwaijka.
nine'ty, num. adj. wike'emna

napciijwaqka.
ninth, num. adj. inapciqwaijka.
nip, V. a. yahtaka ; yaiipa.
nip'pers, n. maziyaiipe.
nip'ple, n. aze pigkpa.
nit, «. heya itka.
no, adv. hiya.
no'ble, adj. okinihai) ; waciq-

taqka.
no'bleness, n. waeiijtaijkapi.
no'bly, adv. wacii)tar)kaya.
no'body, n. tuwedai) ^ni.
nod, V. pakapsai) ; ogii)gii).
noise, n. owodutatoij ; oljco.
noi'some, adj. sicamna.
noi'sy, adj. iwaiicui) ; bubuya.
nom'inate, v. a. c'aieyata.
none, adj. takudaij-ini ; wani-

ca.
non'sense, n. taku kapi ^ni.
nook, n. kaHmiq.
noon, n. wiyotaijhaij.
noose, n. ^mioyake.
nor, conj. \a, is.
north, n. waziyata.
north'em, adj. waziyataijhai).
north'-star, n. waziyata wi-

caijhpi.
north'-wards, adv. waziyataki-

ya-

nose, n. poge : nose-bleed, pa

■we ; poge we : noseless, poge

ba^papi.
nos'trils, n. poge ohdoka.
not, adv. im.

notch, V. a. bakor)ta ; kakoijta.
noteh'ed, part, demdepa ; koij-

tkoijta.
note, n. wowapi.
nothing, n. taku sni ; takudai)

^ni.
no'tice, v. waijyaka ; iwaktaya.
no'tify, V. a. okiyaka.
no'tion, n. wowadii) ; wac'iijyu-

zapi.
notwlthstand'ing, adv. hec'a

tuka ; hecec'a e^ta.
no\in, n. wocaie.

nourish, v. a. icahya.
nov'el, adj. teca.
Novem'ber, n. Takiyuha-wi,
noviT, adv. nakaha ; wagna ;

dehan ; ecii) ; askatudai) ; na-

ka.
no'^where, adv. tokidai) sni.
noxious, adj. ohaka.
nu'dity, n. taijcowicakadaq.
null, adj. ecetu sni.
nul'lify, v. a. edetusniya.
numb, adj. k^ik^a.
nu'merate, v. a. yawa ; iyawa.
numera'tion, n. wayawapi.
nu'merous, adj. ota ; ota liiq-

da.
nurse, v. a. aziijkiya.
nurse, n, aziijkiye dii).
nur'ture, v. a. idahya.
nut, n. the kernel, do.

o.

oak, n. utuhu ; usknyeca dai).
oar, n. wamnaheda ; watida-

kboke.
oat, n. sukta^ka tawote.
oath, n. wokoqze.
obe'dience, n. woanagoptag.
obe'dient, adj. waanagoptai).
obe'diently, adv. waanago-

ptaqyai) ; anagoptaijyai).
obey, V. a. anagoptaij.
ob'ject, n. taku og.
olyect', V. widada sni ; tehiqda ;

i en hiyeya.
olyec'tion, n. i en hiyeyapi.
oblige', V. a. to cause to do,

edorikiya : to favor, pidakiya ;

taqyari edakidog.
oblique', adj. ataki^yaq.
oblique'ly, adv. ohya ; yuohya.
oblit'erate, v. paiuiu ; obo-

ski.
obliv'ion, n. woakiktoi)ie.
obsce'nity, n. iapi sida.
obscure', adj. owotaqiq sni ;

okahnih tehika.
obscure'ly, adv. taijiijsniya^.
observa'tion, n. iwaijyakapi.
observe', v. a. waqyaka ; iwai)-

yaka; opahta.
ob'stacle, n. taku idagi ; wo-

kagi.
ob'stinate, adj. wadiijtaijka.
obstruct', V. a. kagi ; idagi.
obstruc'tion, n. widagi.
obtain', v. idu ; \.wp\.

obtuse', adj. toia, or toza ; ii}-

kpa mima.
ob'vious, adj. taijioyaq ; oka- -

Inih waste.
ob'viously, adv. taijigyaij.
ocea'sionally, adv. tuktekten.
occupa'tion, n. woedoij ; wi-

dohai).
oc'cupy, V. a. yiiha ; oti.
occur', v. n. akipa.
o'cean, n. miniwaqda.
Octo'ber, n. Wi-waiupi; Wa-

zupi-wi.
odd, adj. oditkoijze ixi\.
ode, n. odowaq.
o'dious, adj. waite sni.
o'dor, n. omna.
odoriferous, adj. wastemna.
of, prep, etaqhai).
off| adv. far off, tehaij : off from,

aiyoka.
offend', v. a. ^ihdaya ; yaiihda ;

daijtiyahdeya ; okidu;)ninya.
oflfend'ed, ^ari. daijteptaijyai) ;

daijniyai) ; 4ihda ; ca^tiyahde ;

okiduijnida.
offfen'sive, adj. ^ica.
offer, V. \vi kta tuka ; wakiyu-

^na.
offering, n. wosna.
office, n. wicohai) yuhapi.
officer, n. akidita tagdai) ; wi-

castayatapi.
often, adv. otakiya; iiehai) ;

idiiehai). -
oh, intj. JUT).

oil, n. ihdi ; wihdi ; sda sapa.
oint'ment, n. sda ; ihepi.
old, adj. kafl ; 6zu ; wanakai-

wota ; teca ^ni ; tanika ; tanina :

an old man, widahiqda: an old

woman, wakaqka.
o'men, n. wohdece ; iksuyapi ;

wowakta.
om'inous, adj. wakihdeda;

iksuya.
omis'sion, n. yusnapi.
omit', V. a. okapta.
onuiip'otent, adj. iyotaij wa-

s'aka ; taku owasiq okihi.
onmipres'ent, adj. owaijdaya

uq.
onmis'cient, adj. taku owasiq

sdonya.
on, prep. a ; akan ; ahna ;

akam.
once, adv. waqda ; waqcadaij :

at once, waqdahna.

ONE

315

TAR

one, num. adj. wai)ii ; waijii-

dai) ; uijma ; saijni.
on'ion, n. psii).
only, adv. ecedai).
on'set, n. watakpc.
on'wards, adv. tokata.
ooze, V. n. skepa ; ^bu ; nasdi.
opaque', adj. kohdi sni.
o'pen, adj. yufidokapi ; kaza-

mni ; sdayelina ; taqiijyaij ;

gaijgaqna ; okamna.
o'pen, V. a. yulidoka ; kazamni ;

kalidoka ; yugai).
o'penly, adv. taijiqyaij ; okuijs-

torjyai).
op'erate, v. ecoi).
o'piate, M. 01) istigmapi.
opin'ion, n. waciijyuzapi.
o'pium, n. 01) istigmapi.
opos'sum, n. siqte sda.
opportu'nity, n. iyehaqtu kiq.
oppose', V. a. kipaziq ; kige ;

akinica.
op'posite, adj. iyotakoris ; aka-

saijpa ; itakasaqpa.
opposi'tion, m. kipaziijpi.
oppress', V. a. sic'aya yuha ;

wowidagya.
op'ulence, «. wiwic'aiice.
op'ulent, adj. wizica ; waseda.
or, conj. \a, ii.
o'ral, adj. i ediyataijhaij.
or'anges, n. gigi taijka.
or'ator, n. ie wayapika ; pasi-

pika.
orb, w. taku hmiyaqyai) ; tapa se.
orb'ed, adj. mima ; hmiyaijyai).
ordain', v. a. yac'o; hdaco;

koQza ; wakicoi)za.
or'der, v. edoi) ^i.
or'derly, adj. owotaijna.
or'dinary, adj. ikce ; hedeea.
or'gan, n. caijdowaqkiyapi.
or'ifice, n. ohdoka ; noge

oidoka.
or'igin, n. otokaheya.
ori'ginal, adj. tokaheya ka-

gapi.
or'nament, v. a. wipata ; ipa-

ta.
or'namented, part, oskapi ;

wipatapi.
or'phan, n. wamdenida.
os'cillate, v. n. kazezeya.
ostenta'tion, n. witai)tai)pi.
os'trich-feathers, n. •waciq-

lie sapsapa.
oth'er, adj. tokeda ; ui)ma. |

oth'er-wise, adv. togye.
ot'ter, n. ptai).
ought, V. aux. edoi) kta tuka.
our, pron. ugkita ; uqkitawa ;

uijkitawapi.
ourselves', pron. uijkiyepi liii)-

da ; uqkiyepi ke.
out, adv. taqkan ; itaijkan : out

of, etaqhaij : out from, iheyata ;

iduqoripa.
out'rage, n. sicaya edoqpi.
outra'geous, adj. oliitika.
out 'set, n. otokaheya.
out 'side, n. akapa ; akapataq-

liar) : on the outside, akantaij-

haq ; tagkantaqhai) ; itaqkan ;

akapeda.
out'virards, adv. taqkantaghai).
o'val, adj. witka iyeceda.
ov'en, n. dega ^oka.
o'ver, prep, iwaqkam.
o'ver, adv. akasarjpa ; saqpa :

over again, ake ; akta : over

against, iyotakoqs.
overcome', v. a. ohiya; ktedai).
overflow', v. n. akam hiyu ;

aminitai) ; apa^boka.
overhead', adv. iwagkam.
overload'ed, part, yu^'aka.
overreach', v. a. akidageda.
oversee', v. a. awariyaka ;

awaijtdaka.
overseer', n. waawagyake ;

awaijyagkiyapi.
overset', v. yuptaijyai) ; ka-

ptagyai) ; aptaqyai).
Overshad'o"W, v. ahagzi; ao-

haijzi ; ahaijziya.
overstep', v. a. adak^ig.
overtake', v. a. ehdega ; eki-

hdega ; ahikihdega.
overthrovr', v. a. ohiya ; kte-
dai) ; yuptaijyai).
overturn', v. a. ahdap^igyaq

ehpeya ; yuptaijyaq ; yuiuiu.
O'vre, V. idazo ; ikidazo ; iyohi-

ye ^ni.
owl, n. hii)hai)kaga ; hinakaga.
own, pron. tawa : my own, mi-

tawa.
0"wn, V. a. yuha ; tawaya.
ox, n. tataqka.

pace, V. daehde.

pace, n. daehde ; daehdepi.

pa'cify, V. a. kiwakaijheia.

pack, M. j)ahtapi ; wa^ii) : pack-
ing-string, tehmiso ; hiqska :

pack-saddle, ^uqka wakaq aiiiq.
pack, V. a. pahta ; pakihta ;

Jfii).
pack'et, n. pahtapi.
pad, n. miuqpa.
pad'dle, n. wamnaheda; wati-

dakboka.
pad'dle, v. a. watopa.
pad'lock, n. inatake.
Pa'gan, n. Ikdewda^ta.
page, n. wowapi yumdayapi.
paid, part, kaiuiupi.
pail, n. cega ; degaijstiqna.
pain, n. wowayazai) : in pain,

yazaq.
paint, n. black, wisamye : green,

witoye, etc.
paint, V. a. owa ; ki^uij.
palnt'ing, n. owapi.
pair, n. tawaqiidaq ; sakim ;

napin.
pal'ace, n. tipi waste hiqda.
peil'ate, n. daka.
pale, adj. saq ; ska ; ite tokeda

idu.
palisade', n. doqkaike.
pal 'let, n. owiqia.
pal'liate, v. a. waste kaga.
palm, n. of the hand, napcoka ;

nape mdaska.
pal'pable, adj. yutaqpida.
pal'pitate, v. n. kaq iyapa;

daqte iyapa.
pal'sy, n. tatapike.
pal'sied, adj. tataka.
pal'try, adj. wahte sni,
pam'per, v. a. demya.
pan, n. mazawaksida : of a gun,

noge : of a trap, inahpe.
pane, n. of glass, oiaqiaqhdepi ;

ihdiyomdasiq waqzi.
pang, n. yazaq hiqhdapi.
pan'io, n. woyuiiqyaye.
pan'oply, n. wotawe ; wipe.
pant, V. n. temni ; hehe ta nuij

seda.
pan'taloons, n. oqzeoge.
pan'ther, n. inmu taqka.
pan 'try, n. dotopiye.
pap, n. aze.
papa', n. ate ; atkuku.
pa'per, n. wowapi ska; mini-

huha.
par, n. akidededa.
parabol'ically, adv. anawiq-
yaq.

PAR

316

PER

parade', v. mniciyapi.
paralyt'io, n. tatake c'ii).
par'asol, n. ohaijzi hdepi.
par'cel, «. oijge.
parch, V. a. papaliya ; wapa-

pahya : parched corn, papaiya-

pi.
parch'ment, n. tahasaka.
par'don, v. a. kaiuzu ; kicica-

iuiu.
par'don, n. wokaiuiu,
par'donable, adj. kaiuiupica.
par'doned, part, kidicaiuzupi.
pare, v. a. basku ; batdaya ;

basmir).
paregor'ic, n. oij i^tiqmapi.
pa'rent, n. hurika ; hui)kake ;

wicabuijkake ; wicaatkuku ; wi-

cahui)ku.
par'ing, n. ha baskupi.
par'lanee, n. iapi.
par'ricide, n. takuye kiktepi.
parsimo'nious, adj. oha^^i-

ca.
par'son, n. wica^ta wakaij.
part, n. orige ; oijspa ; haijke ;

huijh ; huijhnana.
part, V. a. yukinukai) ehnaka ;

yuspa ; yiiksa ; pazai) : to part

■with, pagaq ; ehpeya.
partake', ?». opa; okini.
par'ticle, n. sukaza ; kaza.
partio'ular, adj. oto ; otoiyohi.
partie'ularly, adv. iyohdamna-

yaij.
part'ing, «. eHpeyapi ; ehpeki-

ciyapi.
parti'tion, n. ticokahnakapi ;

pamnipi.
part'ner, n. tawasi ; tawa^itku.
par'tridge, n. zica.
par'ty, n. okodakidiye : a war

party, ozuye.
pass, V. hiyaya ; hnihda ; kapa ;

sai)pa ya ; ako ya ; ac'aqkuya.
pas'sage, n. daqku.
pas'senger, n. icimani waq.
pass'ing, part, by each other,

icicuya.
pas'sion, n. wokakize; wosi-

hda ; wocaqniye.
pas'sionate, adj. waciqko.
pass'over, n. woadaksiij.
past, adj. hekta ; itogehaq.
paste, n. tiktinya wipuspe.
paste, V. a. puspa ; apuspa.
pas'tor, w. wonwicakiye diq ;

wiharjwicakiye ciij.

pas'turage, n. wihaijwicakiya-

pi.
pas'ture, n. wato.
pas'ture, v. wihai) ; ihai) ; wi-

haijwicakiya.
pat, V. a. apapa.
patch, n. wakihdaka.
patch, V. akihdagtoi) ; okipata ;

iyopata.
patch'^work, n. okipatapi.
pate, n. pesdete.
patel'la, n. takaqgi.
path, n. caijku.
path'less, adj. caijku wanida.
pa'tience, n. takudapi sni ; wo-

ape.
pa'tient, adj. wadiqtaiika ; ta-

kuda sni ; wahbaka.
pa'tiently, adv. wadii)tai)kaya.
pa'triarch, n. huykake.
pat'rimony, n. taku aihpeya-

pi.
pa'tronize, v. a. okiya.
pat'ter, v. n. asbusbu.
pat'tern, n. okaho.
paunch, n. nige ; tezi.
pau'per, n. wahpanida kii).
pause, n. ehnakapi.
paiise, V. n. ayastari ; ayu^tai) ;

owaijii na^ii).
pave'ment, n. iqyai) caqku.
pavil'ion, m. wakeya. •
pa"W, n. nape ; siha ; ^ake.
pa"W, V. a. natica ; namdu ; na-

^ma.
pay, V. a. kaiuzu ; hdazuzu.
pay, n. iyopeye ; iyuqwii).
pea, n. oijmnida hmiyaijyai).
peace, n. wookiye ; odakonki-

ciyapi.
peace'ful, adj. wahbadaij.
peach, n. wipazuka oiupi.
peak, n. paiodai) ; oiqkpa.
peal, V. sna ; yusna ; nasna.
peb'ble, n. ihe.
peck, V. a. katoto.
ped'dle, v. a. wiyopeya.
peel, V. a. kaiu ; basku.
peering, n. ha.
peep, V. n. aokasiij ; aokakii) ;

ahiyokasii).
peep'ing, part, aokasigyai).
peep-of-day, n. aijpao.
pee'vish, adj. caijksi.
pellu'cid, adj. kohdi.
pelt, V. a. apa.
pel'tries, n. wawaha.
pem'roican, n. wakapapi.

pen, n. wowapi idage ; doijka-

ske.
pen'cil, n. wowapi idage ; daq

wowapi idage.
pen'dant, n. oiijna ; oippi.
pen'etrate, v, yukdai) ; mahen

iyaya ; kagaij ; kagai) hiyu.
pen'itence, n. iyopei^Jiyapi.
pen'itent, adj. iyokisida.
penin'sula, «. izo.
pen'ny, n. mazasadai).
pen'sive, adj. iyokisida.
pent, part, odistiyedai).
pen'tecost, w. aiipetu iwi-

kdemna zaptai).
penu'rious, adj. ohaqsida.
peo'ple, n. oyate.
pep'per, n. sudikdikadai) seda.
pep'permint, n. deyakata :

peppermint essence, tatedai) se-
da.
peram'bulate, v. a. omani.
perceive', v. a. waqyaka ;

sdonya.
perch, n. a kind of fish, waka-

dari hiyuzapi ; wakadai) hde-

^ka^ka.
perch,?;, mai) ; be; iyahag.
perdi'tion, n. widotakuni ^ni.
per'fect, adj. ededai) ; owotaq-

na; yustaijpi.
perfect', v. a. yuededai) ; yu-

^tai) ; yudo.
perfee'tion, «. woyustaq.
perfid'ious, adj. itoijsni; wa-

hnayai).
per'forate, v. a. yuhdoka ; pa-

hdoka.
perform', v. a. edoij ; y us tag.
perform'ed, part, yusta^jpi.
perform'er, n. waedoij ; tuwe

edoi).
per'fume, n. taku wastemna ;

mini wastemna.
perhaps', adv. nadeda ; okini.
pericar'divun, n. daijtoge.
per'il, n. wokokipe.
per'ilous, adj. okokipe.
pe'riod, n. ehnakapi.
per'ish, v. \a. ; atakuni sni.
per'jure, v. a. itoqsni hiqda.
per'manent, adj. hecetu; o-

hiqniyai).
per'meate, v. a. kahtag.
permis'sion, n. iyowigkiyapi.
permit', v. a. iyowigkiya.
pemi'cious, adj. side higda.
perpendic'ular, adj. bosdan.

PER

317

;PLO

per'petrate, v. a. ecoi).
perpet'ual, adj. oliiqniyai].
perpet'uate, v. a. ohiqniyaij

iyayeya.
perplex', v. a. yu^kiska; ya-

hnuiii.
per'secute, v. a. ^icaya kuwa ;

teliiya kuwa.
persevere', v. n. katiijyaij

edoi) ; kitaqyaq ecoij.
persever'ingly, adv. kitai)-

yaii.
persist', v. n. kitaq.
per'son, n. wicasta.
per'sonally, adv. atayedaij ;

taijatayedai).
perspica'cious, adj. ista mde-

za.
perspire', v. n. temni.
persuade', v. a. wicada kiya ;

iyakapeya.
pert, adj. ista soksota ; mini-

heca. /

pertina'cious, adj. kitaij hii)ca.
perturba'tion, n. cante ihni-

yaqyaqpi.
pervade', v. a. kaitaij ; owa;)-

daya iyaya.
perverse', adj. pemni.
pervert', v. a. yutokeca ; to-

kai) iyeya.
pes'ter, v. a. nagiyeya.
pes'tilence, n. makosice.
pes'tle, n. wibope ihupa; ibo-

pai).
peti'tion, v. a. cekiya; wace-

kiya.
pet'rify, V. n. ii)yai) icaga.
pet'tish, adj. -waciijko.
pe'w'ter, n. maza sdoyapi.
pha'lanx, n. ocimdagaha^ ya-

pi.
phan'tom, n, wanagi.
phEtr'ynx, n. dohdeska.
phea'sant, n. zic'a.
phlegm, n. tagosa.
phrase, n. iapi.
physi'cian, n. peiihuta wica-
sta.
pick, V. a. pahi ; yu^pi ; wospi ;
yuspu : to pick, as a duck, yu-
sda : pick to pieces, yusba.
pick'et, n. caopasdate.
pic'kle, n. miniskuya ic'icahi-

yapi.
pic'ture, n. owapi ; wakagapi.
pic'ture, v. a. owa ; okaga.
piece, n. 013 ^pa ; oba^pe.

piece, V. a. okipata.

pierce, v. a. pahdoka ; capa ;

icapa.
pier'cer, n. wicape.
pig, «. kukuse ciqdadai) ; ma-

zasu liai)ska.
pi'geon, n. wakiyedaq.
pike, «. a kind of fish, tamahe.
pile, n. paha.
pile, V. a. eiu.
pil'griin, n. olinihde ui).
pill, n. pezihuta pauijka.
pil'lar, n. caQ ipataq.
pil'lory, n. eai)sai).
pil'l0"W, n. ipahiq ; tipahii).
pil'low, V. a. ipahii) ; ipahigya.
pi'lot, n. iyupse yuza.
pirn 'pie, n. ^a^a ahinapa ; wa-

sna pohdi.
■pira'pled, part, yuhi; oyuM.
pin, n. hipaskudag ; hiipa^ku-

dai).
pin, V. a. ipasisa.
pinch, V. a. yuiipa.
pine, n. wazi eai).
pin'ion, n. wiyaka.
pink, adj. gitkatka.
pin'nacle, n. ipasotka.
pint, n. miniyatkai) ohnaka.
pioneer', n. kahin tokam uq.
pi'ous, adj. Wakaijtaqka koki-

pipe, n. -cotaqka; caqduhupa:
a pipe-stem, ca^duhupa sui)ta.

pipe, V. yazo.

pish, intj. hiqte.

pis'tol, n. mazakai) ptec'edaq.

pit, n. wola ; makoMoka : the
pit of the stomach, pimnumnu-

pitch, n. caqsii).

pitch, V. to cast, kaho iyeya ;

pitch a tent, ticaga ; iticaga ;

ati ; eti : to smear with pitch,

puspa ; apuspa.
pitch'fork, n. oq peii icupi.
pit'eous, flsc?/'. wao^sida; iyoki-

sica.
pith, n. cogii).
pith'y, adj. popopa : a pithy

turnip, tipsiqna popopa.
pit'iful, adj. waoqsida ; wa-

caqtkiya.
pit'iftilly, adv. waoijsidaya.
pit'iless, adj. waog^ida ^ni.
pit'y, n. wowaogsida.
pit'y, «. a. oij^ida; og^ikida;

ioijsida; caijtekiya.

place, n. oyai)ke ; oui)ya;)pi

kii).
place, V. a. ehnaka ; ehde ;

ekihnaka ; oijpa : to place on,

ahnaka ; ahde ; akihnaka ; aog-

pa : give place to, kiyukaij.
pla'cid, adj. amdakedai).
plague, n. mako^ica.
plague, V. a. nagiyeya.
plain, adj. mdaya ; mdaska ;

ikce ; taqiqyai).
plain, n. omdaye ; iyomdaye.
plain, V. a. to make level, yu-

mdaya; kamdaya.
plain'ly, adv. taijiijyai).
plain'tive, adj. iyokiiinya do-

waijpi.
plait, n. yu^kipi ; soi)pi.
plait, V. a. yuski ; soij ; kisoi).
plan, V. yukcai).
plane, n. caijicaiipe.
plane, v. a. cai) kazipa.
plank, n. caqmdaska.
plant, n. huhdepi.
plant, v. a. oiu ; iyolpeya ;

huhde.
planta'tion, n. wozu ; oiupi.
plas'ter, n. waskamyapi ; iya-

skapa.
plas'ter, v. a. askamya; oka-

staka ; apawigta.
plat, V. SOI) ; kisoi).
plate, n. wak^ica ; maka wa-

ksica.
plat'form, n. cowahe.
plat'ter, «. waksica mdaska.
plau'sible, adj. hecetu seececa.
play, n. wicoskate.
play, V. n. skata : to play ball,

takapsica.
play'ful, adj. skehe.
play'thing, n. taku iskatapi.
plead, V. to plead for, iciya ;

ikiciya.
plead'er, n. wawic'iya.
pleas'ant, adj. owastec'ake.
pleas'antly, adv. iyokipiya.
please, v. a. iyokipiya.
pleas'ed, part, iyokipi.
pleas'ing, adj. wicimdeza.
pleas'ure, n. wic'iyokipi.
Ple'iades, n. Tawamnipa.
plen'teous, adj. iyaki^Juya.
plen'ty, n. ota ; utkaijna.
pli'able, adj. wiij^wiijiedai).
plough, n. mahiyumdu.
plough, v. maga yumdu ; mah-

yumdu ; hdumdu ; womdu.

PLU

318

PRE

pluck, V. a. as feathers, yusda.

plug, n. io^taqpi.

plum, n. kaqta : plum-tree, tai)-

ta liu.
plxunb, adv. bosdan.
plume, n. wiyaka ; waciqhe.
plump, adj. cepa.
plun'der, v. a. ki.
plun'dering, n. wakipi ; wa-

wicakipi.
plunge, V. n. kihnuka ; kihnug

iyaya ; age ihpaya.
plu'ral, adj. noijpapi ; ota.
ply, V. n. nina edoi).
pook'et, n. sicaijopiye.
pod, n. ha.
po'etry, n. odowaij.
point, n. iqtpa ; oiqtpa.
point, V. kapesto : to point to,

epazo.
point'ed, adj. pesto.
point'er, n. ipazo.
poise, V. a, aspeyetoi) ; zezeya

ehnaka.
poi'son, n. peiihuta sica ; wo-

haka.
poi'sonous, adj. ohaka.
poke, V. a. botaijta^.
pole, n. tent-pole, Xoiu : boat-
pole, ipamna.
pole, V. a. as a boat, pamna ki-

toij.
pole'eat, n. maka.
pole 'star, n. waziyata wicai)-

lipi.
pol'ish, V. a. pamai) ; paifeceza ;

pasdusduta.
pollute', V. a. yusapa; aiam-

pollu'ted, part. akpa.
pollu'tion, n. woa^ape.
polyg'amy, n. tawidu ota.
poma'tum, n. ihepi.
pom.'pous, adj. witaijtai).
pond, n. mdedai).
pon'der, v. a. awacip.
pon'derous, adj. tke.
pon'derously, adv. tkeya.
po'ny, n. ^uijk-huptecedai).
pool, n. wakoniya ; miniyowe.
poor, adj. wahpanida ; oq^ika ;

kaqheza ; icakiia ; oqcitpani.
poor'ly, adv. icakisya.
pop, V. n. napopa ; pom hiqhda.
pope, n. iin& sapa itaijcai).
pop 'gun, n. ipapope.
pop'lar, n. waga.
pop'ulace, n. oyatfi.

pop'ulous, adj. wic'asta oiu-

darj.
porch, n. oliaijzi hdepi ; ahaq-

zi hdepi.
por'eupine, n. pakig.
pore, n. lioyuhi.
pork, n. kuku^e ih).
port, n. oihuni.
port'able, adj. Ijiqpica.
port'age, w. watoha.
por'ter, n. tiyopa awaqyake

cir).
port 'hole, n. owaijyeye.
por'tion, n. oi)ge ; wopamni.
por'tion, v. pamni ; wapamni.
por'tioner, n. wapamni.
port'ly, adj. haqska; taqka.
por'trait, n. widite.
portray', v. a. owa ; oyaka.
posi'tion, n. oyaijke.
possess', V. a. yuha ; toi).
possess'ed, part, yuhapi.
posses'sion, n. taku yuhapi.
posses'sor, n. yuhe cii].
pos'sible, adj. okihipica.
pos'sibly, adv. nadeda.
post, n. cai) ipasdate.
post'age, n. wowapi aupi oij

kazuzupi.
poster 'ity, n. widacigda.
postpone', V. a. kihnaka ; yu-

tehai).
pot, n. cega huhatorina.
pota'to, n. mdo : Indian pota-
to, Dakota tamdo.
po'teney, n. -widokihi.
po'tent, adj. wawokihi.
pot'tery, n. maka waksida.
pouch, n. tobacco-pouch, dai)-

dozuha.
pounce, V. a. to pounce upon,

iyahpaya.
pound, n. tkeutapi waijii.
pound, V. a. apa ; kapa ; bo-

pai) ; bokpai) : to pound in

tight, okatii}za.
poun'der, n. wibope.
pour, V. a. kastafl ; papsoq ;

kada ; okasta^ ; okada ; aka-

iiSiV) ; akada ; ahdastar).
pout, V. n. ceya yai)ka; ohiij-

yaq.
pov'erty, n. widowahpanida.
pOTv'der, n, dahdi ; mdu :

powder-horn or flask, dahdi oiu-

ha.
pOTW'der, v. a. as sugar, kamdu.
povr'er, n. wookihi.

po-w'erful, adj. wai'aka.
pOTv'erfully, adv. was'agya.
pox, n. the small-pox, makosi-

ce ; ite widahdohdoka.
prac'ticable, adj. edoijpida.
prac'tice, m. widohaij.
prac'tise, v. n. edoi) ede ; kiho ;

akiya.
prai'rie, n. tiijta.
praise, n. woyatag ; womtai).
praise, v. a. yatai) ; idowaij.
prais'ed, part, yataijpi.
praise '-worthy, adj. yataijpi-

ca.
prance, v. n. psipsin ya.
prank, n. ihadai) edoiipi.
prate, v. n. ninana ia.
prat'ing, adj. iwakai).
prat'tling, part, iwasiduq.
pray, v. wadekiya ; dekiya ; wo-

dekiye eya : to pray for, ice-

kiya.
pray'er, n. wodekiye.
preach, v. woyaka ; Wakaijtai)-

ka oie oyaka.
preach'er, n. Wakaijtaijka oie

oyake cii).
precede', v. a. tokata ya.
pre'cept, n. wowahokoqkiye.
precep'tor, n. waoi)spekiya.
pre'cious, adj. tehika.
pre'cipice, n, maya hiqca.
precip'itate, adj. inahni fiiij-

ca.
precise'ly, adv. hecetu hiijda.
preco'cious, adj. koyanoi) ;

oidahkokedai) ; kohaijna sutoq.
preconceive', v. taijni iyu-

kdai).
pre'datory, adj. wawidaki s'a.
predes'tinate, v. a. wakidoijza.
predict', v. a. itokam oyaka.
preem'inent, adj. iyotaij wa-
ste.
prefer', v. a. iyotai) da.
preg'nant, adj. ihdui'aka ; itpi-

hnaka.
prejudge', v. a. itokam yado.
pre 'mature, adj. kohaqna ida-

ga.
prepare', v. pii^Jiya; wiyeya

ehnaka ; hduwiyeya.
prepar'ed, part, wiyeya yai)ka.
presage', v. a. wahdeda ; waki-

hdeda.
pres'byter, n. huijkayapi.
pres'ence, n. en uijpi.
pres'ent, adj. en yaqka.

PRE

319

PRO

pres'ent, n. taku Jjupi.
present', v. a. \n ; itulaq ; itu-

kiliai).
pres'ently, adv. ecadaij ; ko-

liaijna ; tokesta.
preserve', v. a. nikiya ; kpa-

tSil).

preser'ver, n. wanikiya.
preside', v. n. itaijcar) yaijka.
pres'ident, «. ita^cai) ; wica-

stayatapi tar)ka.
press, V. a. yuskica ; yuskica ;

kaskida ; atdaskica : to press

tight on, aputiijza ; iyaskinya ;

ipuskinya : to urge, kitai).
press, n. iyuskice ; ieaskice.
pres'sure, n. kaskin waijka.
presume', v. n. yukcai).
pretence', «. ecaecoijpika.
pretend', v. ecaecoqka; koq-

za.
pret'tily, adv. wa^teya.
pret'ty, adj. waste ; taij waste ;

owaijyag waste.
prevail', v. a. ohiya ; iyakape-

ya.
prevent', v. a. iyokisni.
prevent'ed, part, iyokipisni.
preven'tion, n. oiyanica.
pre'vious, adj. itokam ; toka-

heya.
prey, n. wakipi.
prey, v. n. to take by violence,

ki ; waki ; iwakte hdi.
price, n. iyopeye ; oiyopeye.
prick, V. paiipa ; icapa ; ic'a-

ma.
prick'er, n. wic'ape.
prick'ly, adj. pepe ; icama.
pride, n. witaijtaqpi ; waliaiji-

(Jidapi ; wowigkta.
priest, n. sina sapa ; wasicuq

wakai).
pri'mary, adj. tokaheya.
prime, adj. waste fiiijca.
prim'er, n. wowapi tokaheya

yawapi.
prince, n. itaiicaij ; hoksincai)-

tkiyapi.
prin'cipal, adj. itaricaij.
print, V. a. maza og kaga ; wo-
wapi maza oq kaga.
pris'on, n. wicakaska tipi.
pris'oner, n. kaskapi.
pri'vately, adv. nahmana.
priva'tion, n. iwicakakiie.
priv'ily, adv. analibeyahaij ;

nahmana.

priv'y, n. tai)kan tipi.
prize, n. o^ipe.
prize, V. a. tehiqda ; tpatai).
prob'ably, a(^t/. nadeca; okiij-

ni.
probe, V. a. pakota.
probe, 11. ipakote.
prob'ity, «. wowicake.
proce'dure, n. wicohaq ; ecoi)-

pi.
proceed', v. n. katiijyag ya ;

ecor).
proclaim', v. a. oyaka ; ieyaij-

palia ; yaotaijijj.
proclajna'tion, n. woyakapi ;

eyaijpahapi.
procras'tinate, v. yutehaij.
procure', v. a. idu ; opetoij.
prod'igal, adj. oha^pi.
prodi'gious, adj. taqka fii^ca.
prod'uce, n. oicage.
produce', v. idaga ; idahya ;

aidaga.
prod'uct, n. taku idaga.
profane', v. a. asamya.
profane 'ly, adv. ikcekceya ;

ediijsniyai).
profess', V. ohdaka.
proffer, v. a. \n kta keya ;

iwahoya.
pro'file, n. widite.
profit, M. oidage.
profitable, adj. yuhapi waste.
profligate, adj. sihaijyai) o-

haijyai).
profovmd', adj. temahetuya.
profuse', adj. iyakiduya.
prog'eny, n. widadiijca ; ciij-

ca.
pro'gress, n. iyoptapi.
progress', v. n. iyopta.
prohlb'it, V. a. tehiijda.
prohibi'tion, n. tehiqdapi.
prqject'ing, jpaj-i. a projecting

point, ipa.
prolong', V. a. yut^haij.
prom'inence, n. paha ipa.
prom'inently, adv. tai)ii)yai) ;

tokaheya.
prom'ise, v. a. wahoya.
promote', v. a. yuwai)kan aya.
prompt, adj. ohai)ko.
prompt, V. a. iyopaitaka.
prompt'ly, adv. kohaijna.
prone, adj. pamakom ; ahda-

skin ; makipuskida.
prong'ed, adj. gangata.
pronounce', v. ecen eya.

proof, n. iyutapi ; utapi.
prop, V. a. patai) ehnaka.
prop, n. ipatai).
prop'agate, v. a. idahya ; yu-

ota.
prop'er, adj. iyececa.
prop'erty, n. woyuha.
proph'ecy, n. wokdaijpi ; wo-
yakapi.
proph'esy, v. a. ayate; yu-
kcai) ; itokam oyaka.
proph'et, n. waayate ; wokcai).
propi'tiate, v. a. waste kaga ;

kazuzu.
propitia'tion, n. wokazuiu.
propor'tionate, adj. iyecetu.
propose', V. a. dazeyata.
propri'etor, n. tawakiya.
prose, n. iapi.
pros'ecute, v. a. kuwa ; sidaya

kuwa.
pros'pect, n. iwaijyakapi.
pros'per, v. n. okihi aya.
pros'perous, adj. wdpi.
pros'perously, adv. wdpiya.
pros'trate, adj. makata wai)ka.
pros'trate, v. a. makata ehpe-

ya ; kawaijka ; yuwaqka.
protect', V. a. akahpa ; awaq-

yaka.
protec'tion, w. woakahpe ; wo-

winape.
protest', v. a. i en hiyeya.
protract', v. yutehag.
protu'berance, n. opaha.
proud, adj. wahaiji^ida ; wa-

mnai(Jida ; itai) ; witaijtai) ;

iwii)kta.
proud'ly, adv. wahaijididaya.
prove, V. a. yuwicaka ; iyuta ;

ecoi) uta.
prov'ender, n. woyute ; peii.
prov'erb, n. widoie ; iapi.
provide', v. a. kamna ; kida-

mna.
prov'ident, adj. wadigksapa ;

wakamna.
prov'ince, «. makode.
provis'ion, n. woyute; waqe-

ya.
provoca'tion, n. taku 05 si-

hdapi.
provoke', v. a. sihdaya ; yasi-

hda ; dai)teoki(Jui)ninya.
provok'ed, part, sihda.
prow, n. wata pa; watokapa-

tarjhai).
proTwl, V. n. ho tog ug.

PRU

320

RAN

pru'denoe, n. witoijpapi.
pru'dent, adj. -witoijpa.
pru'dently, adv. witogpeya.
prune, v. a. adetka baksaksa;

basipa ; kasipa.
pry, V. a. yukiij ; iyukiij ; yu-

hoho.
pry, n. iyukig.
psalm, n. odowai).
pshaTW, intj. hii)te.
pub'licly, adv. taijiijyai).
pub'lish, V. a. oyaka ; yaotaij-

ii).
puok'er, v. a. yuski.
pud'ding, n. woiapi.
puffj V. ipogai) ; apogai).
puke, V. n. hdepa ; hiyuya ;

ihdepa.
puke, n. oq hdepapi.
pull, V. a. yutitai) ; natitaij : to

pull out by the roots, yup^ui) :

pull off, yusdoka.
pul'sate, V. n. kai) iyapa.
pulse, n. kaq iyapapi.
pul'verize, v. a. bopaij ; ka-

pai).
pump 'kin, n. wamnu ; wa-

kmu.
punch, w. mazicaspe ; mazica-

hdoke.
punch, V. a. yuidoka.
punc'ture, v. a. idapa.
pun'gent, adj. okapaza; iyo-

kapaza.
pun'ish, V. a. kakisya; iyope-

ya ; akicita kte.
pun'ished, part, kaki^yapi.
punishment, n. wokakiie.
pu'pil, n. of the eye, ista su.
pup'py, n. ^uqlipadai).
pur'chase, v. a. opetoij ; ope-

kitoi) : to buy of, opekioatoi).
pur'chased, part, opetogpi.
pur'chaser, n. wopetoi).
pure, adj. ecedaq ; wakasote

sni.
purely, adv. ededaijya.
pure'ness, n. woyuededaij.
purge, V. n. kaio ; iheya ; iyoo-

pta iyaya.
purge, n. iyoopta iyeyapi.
pu'rify, V. a. yuecedag.
pu'rity, n. woyuec'edai).
purl'ing, adj. ihaha.
purloin', v. a. wamanoi) ; ma-

noi).
pur'ple, adj. stai) ; sastai).
pur'pose, V. n. wacii) yuza.

purr, V. n. inmusui)ka dowai).

purse, n. mazaska opiye.

pursue', V. a. kuwa aya ; tapa.

pursuit', n. kuwapi.

pus, n. toi).

push, V. a. pataq ; apatai) ; pa-
ha iyeya.

pusillan'imous, adj. wacii)
distiyedai) ; canwai)ka.

puss, n. inmusuijka.

pus'tule, n. wasna poidi.

put, V. a. ehde; ehnaka ; to
put on, as wood, aoi) ; aoijpa :
put in, ohnaka : put one's own,
ekihnaka ; kihnaka ; kihde :
put out, as a candle, kasni ;
bosni.

pu'trefy, v. n. huqwiq.

pu'trid, adj. sidamna.

puz'zle, V. a. hnuniya.

Q.

quad'ruped, n. huhatopa.
quaflfj V. a. yatkai) ; yahepa.
quag'mire, n. wiwi.
quail, n. zida ; siyo.
quake, v. n. daijdai).
quak'ing, part, hniyaijyai).
qualm'ish, adj. hdepe kta tu-

ka.
quan'tity, n. ota.
quar'rel, n. okicize ; widokici-

ze ; widakigepi.
quar'relsome, adj. widakige

s'a.
quar'ry, n. iiiyai) ot:api.
quar'ter, n. ha^ke haijke ; haij-

ke itopa.
queen, «. wida^tayatapi wino-

liir)da.
quell, V. a. ohiya.
quench, v. a. kasni ; bosni.
ques'tion, n. wiwaijgapi ; wi-

widawaflgapi.
ques'tion, v. a. iwaijga ; wi-

wariga.
quick, adj. ohaijko ; wis'os'o :

quick-tempered, wadiqko : be

quick, koyahai) ; inahni.
quick'en, v. a. yuohaijko ; yu-

inahni.
quick'ly, adv. ohaijkoya ; eda-

dai) ; dar)sai)se ; cai)cai)se ; hda-

pise ; kohaijna ; koyahaqna.
quick'ness, n. oliaijwicako.
qui'et, arfy. inina ; owaijii yaq-

ka.

qui'et, V. a. yuinina ; kihna.
qui'etly, adv. ataijse.
quill, n. wiyaka.
quilt, n. owiijza akahpe.
quin'sy, n. dote widayazai).
quit, V. a. ayustai) ; aya^taq ;

kiduqni ; iyakiduijni.
quite, adv. odowasiij.
quiv'er, n. wagzu.
quiv'er, v. n. daqdai].

R.

rah'bit, n. niastii)da; tinma-

stiijda.
rab'id, adj. hnaskiqyai].
raccoon', n. wida.
race, n. widoidage ; iijyarikapi.
rack, V. a. kakisya.
rack'et, n. owodutatori.
ra'diate, v. iyega.
raft, n. daqokahboka.
rag'ged, adj. kuka ; Idehdeda-

hai).
rag'ing, part, idamna.
rail, n. mahinatake.
rail, V. n. to rail at, kige ; sicaya

ia.
rai'ment, n. wokoyake ; heya-

ke.
rain, v. n. magaiu ; hiqhe : to

rain on, amagaiu ; ahiijhe.
rain, n. magazu.
rain'bovr, n. wihmuijke.
rain'"water, n. magazu mini,
rain'y, adj. magaiu s'a.
raise, v. a. yuwaqkan idu ; yuha ;

waijkan ehde ; idahya : to raise

to strike, apaha.
rai'sin, n. hastai)hai)ka pusyapi.
rake, n. mahiyuhii)te.
rake, v. a. yuhiijta; kahiqta;

hduhii)ta ; patida.
ram, «. tahii) wanuijyaijpi mdo-

ka.
ram, v. a. oboskida ; obotai).
ram'ble, v. n. tokediijdii] ya.
ram'ified, part, yuliaha ; ade-
tka ota.
ram'part, n. coqka^ke.
ram'rod, n. mazakai) iyopuski-

de.
ran'eid, adj. hmuijga; sewi-

mna.
ran'dom, n. at random, edahe-

coi)ka.
rang'ed, part. odimdagahaq ;

owecir)haq.

RAN

321

REL

rank, n. in rank, ocimdagahaij.
rank, adj. taijkiqkiijyai).
ran'som, v. a. opekitoi).
ran'somed, part, opekitoijpi.
rap, V. a. apa ; kabubu ; kato-

to.
rapa'cious, adj. yaponpon wa-

cii).
rape, n. kik^agpi ; wikiksaij.
rap 'id, adj. kaduza ; daduza ;

koyanoij.
rap'idly, adv. dus ; kadusya ;

car)sar)se ; ofiai)koya ; koya-

Haiina.
rap 'ids, n. iafia ; ihaia.
rap'ine, n. wawicakipi.
rap'ture, n. wowiyuskiq.
reire, adj. excellent, waste hii) c'a :

not well cooked, spai) sni.
rare'ly, adv. tuktekten.
ras'cal, n. wicasta walte ^ni.
rash, adj. waciijko.
rash'ly, adv. waciijkoya.
rasp, n. caijipabe ; ca^iyube ;

mazipabe.
rasp'berry, n. takaijlieca : rasp-
berry-bush, takaijheda hu.
lat, n. siflte Ma.
rate, n. iyawapi.
rat'ify, V. a. yuecetu.
ra'tion, n. agpetu otoiyohi wo

wicaljupi.
rat'tle, n. icakoka ; ta^ake.
rat'tle, v. yuhda ; kakoka ; Ma-

hda.
rat'tlesnake, n. sii)telida.
rav'el, v. yusna ; sbahai) ; yu-

sba.
ra'ven, n. karigi.
rav'enous, adj. wayapota.
ravine', n. osmaka ; kaksiza.
ra"w, adj. spari sni ; saka.
raze, v. a. yutakuni sni ; ihaijg-

ya.
ra'zor, n. putiijliii) ic'asar).
reach, v. ohi ; iyohi ; iyahde.
read, v. a. wowapi yawa.
read'ily, adv. oiaqkoya ; hda-

heya.
read'iness, n. wiyeya ui)pi.
read'y, adv. wiyeya : to make

ready, yuwiyeya ; bduwiyeya.
re'al, adj. wic'akapi.
real'ity, n. wowidake.
re'alize, v. sdonkiya.
ream, n. miniEiuha opiye.
rean'imate, v. a. kiniya ; yu-

niya.

41

reap, v. a. aguyapi baksa.
rear, n. hekta.
rear, v. a. idaiya.
rea'son, n. tawaciij.
rea'son, v. n. akinica.
reb'el, n. wawakipaiii) wai).
rebel', v. a. kipaiiij.
rebel'lion, «. wawakipaziqpi.
rebellious, adj. wawakipaiii).
rebound', v. n. kaitkom hiyu.
rebuke', v. a. iyopeya.
recall', v. a. akta kido.
recede', v. n. hekta hdidu.
receive', v. a. idu.
re'cently, adv. askatudaij.
recite', v. a. oyaka.
reck'on, v. a. yawa ; iyawa.
reclaim', v. a. kida.
recline', v. n. iwaijka.
rec'ognise, v, a. iyekiya.
recogni'tion, n. oiyekiye.
recollect', v. a. kiksuya.
recommend', v. a. yawaste.
rec'ompense, v. a. kaiuiu ;

odiijyopeya.
ree'oncile, v. a. kidi okicidiye

widaya.
reconsid'er, v. a. piya awadig.
record', v. a. owa : wowapi

eden kaga.
recov'er, v. a. iyeya ; ehdaku.
recov'er, v. n. asni ; akisni ;

ekidetu; kipaya.
recov'ery, n. awidasni.
rec'reate, v. n. mdesidiya ;

magagaidiya.
recrea'tion, n. widoskate.
recruit', v. magagaya ; mdesi-

diya.
rec'tify, v. a. yuowotaqna ; yu-

waite.
rec'titude, n. widoowotarina.
recur', v. n. ake hededa.
red, adj. ia. ; duta.
red'den, v. a. iaja, ; dunya.
red'dish, adj. sastaij ; samna-

ka.
redeem', v. a. opekitoq.
redeem'er, n. wanikiya.
redemp'tion, n. wopekitogpi.
redress', n. wokazui^u.
reduce', v. a. eden iyeya ; yu-

distiijna.
reed, n. dedi.
reel, n. oi) iyapehagpi.
reel, t). a. iyapehaij.
reel, v. ti. kaktihaqhai) mani ;

cekdegya mani.

refer', v. a. yukdag ii.
refine', v. a. yuededai).
refit', V. a. piya ; piya kaga.
reflect', v. a. awadiq.
reform', v. a. ihducetu ; waste

kaga.
refrac'tory, adj. skehag.
refrain', v. n. iyaMdugni.
refresh', v. a. magagaya ; yu-

wa^'aka.
refuge, n. wowinape : to take

refuge in, inapa ; inakipa ; ona-

kik^ig : taking refuge in, ina-

kimya.
reful'gent, adj. wiyakpakpa.
refuse', v. widada sni ; akta-

sni ; ipida.
regard', v. a. ihakta ; pataq ;

kpatai) ; yuonihaij ; wedeya ;

iwedeya.
regen'erated, part. teda ni

en toijpi.
re'gent, n. itagdaij.
reg'iment, n. akidita obe.
re'gion, n. makode.
reg'ular, adj. owotaijna.
reg'ularly, adv. hdaheya.
reg'ulate, v. a. eden ehnaka;

piya.
rehearse', v. a. piya oyaka.
reign, V. w. idaka; ouijyag.
rein, n. ikaij.

reinforce'ment, n. waokiyapi.
reins, n. widapaksiij.
reject', v. a. aktasni; ehpeya;

yuheta iyeya.
rejoice', v. n. ijTiskiij ; wiyu^kig.
rejoic'ing, n. wowiyu^kiij.
rejoin', v. a. to reply to, ayupta.
relapse', v. n. ake ihpaya.
relate', v. a. oyaka.
relat'ed, jxirt. related to, ta-

kuya; takukiciyapi.
rela'tion, n. takuye ; widotaku-

rel'ative, w. takuye.
relax', v. a. yu4ka.
release', v. a. kiyuska.
relent', v. ohakam iyopeidiya.
reli'ance, n. wowadigye.
relief, ». 6widakiyapi.
relieve', v. a. dkiya.
reliev'ed, part, okiyapi.
reli'gion, «. Wakagtagka oho-

dapi.
reli'gious, adj. waohoda.
relin'quish, v. a. ayustajj ; ki-

duqni ; iyakidugni.

REL

322

RID

rel'ish, v. a. uta ; wastedaka.
rely', v. a. wadigyai).
remain', v. n. kicihaij ; ihaq :

to wait for, ape ; akipe : remain

at home, mdog yaqka.
remain'der, n. okaptapi.
remaxk'able, adj. -wapetoke-

ca.
remark'a'bly, adv. wapetogya.
rem'edy, v. a. asniyai).
remem'ber, v. a. kiksuya ;

wakiksuya.
remem'branee, n. wokiksu-

ye.
remind', v. a. kiksuyeya.
remiss', adj. kuia ; hoijke sni.
remit', v. a. kioicaiuzu.
rem.'nant, n. taku okaptapi ;

oyupte.
remon'strate, v. a. teiiqda.
remorse', n. daijte sicapi.
remote', adj. tehaij ; itehaij.
remote 'ly, adv. tehaijyaij.
remove', v. n. tokai) iyotaqka ;

ihdaka ; uijhdag iyaya.
remove', v. a. tokaij ehnaka ;

tokai) ehde.
remu'nerate, v. a. kicio'aiuiu.
rend, v. a. yuhdeda ; hduhdeca ;

naideca ; yupota ; hdupota.
ren'der, v. a. kicu ; itkom \.u.
ren'dezvous, n. en kawitaya

iheyapi.
rene"w', v. a. yuteca ; piya.
ren'net, n. tatapo.
renounce', v. a. elipeya ; ayu-

staq.
reno"WTi', n. •widakinihaijpi ;

■woyuonihai).
reno'wn'ed, adj. okinihaij.
rent, v. a. odon opetoi).
rent, w. oyuldece ; ofidoka.
repack', v. a. piya paHta.
repair', v. a. piya ; piya kaga.
repast', n. wotapi.
repay', v. a. kazuzu ; hdaiuiu ;

toki(5oi) ; watogya.
repeal', v. a. edetu^niya.
repeat', v. a. akta ecoij ; akta

eya.
repeat'edly, adv. akihdehde-

ya ; iciiehai).
repel', v. a. paha iyeya.
repent', v. iyopei^iya; ihdu-

ecetu.
repent'ance, n. iyopeiijiyapi ;

ihduecetupi.
repine', v. n. iyokidica.

replace', v. a. piya ehnaka ;

tokai) ehnaka ; ecen ehnaka.
replen'ish, v. a. oiuya; oki-

k^u.
replete', adj. oiudaij ; yu^tai)-

pi.
reply', v. n. ayupta ; itkom eya.
report', v. a. oyaka ; hosihdi.
repose', n. iyozi.
repose', v. n. ozii(Jiya ; ozikiya ;

makata iwaijka.
reprehend', v. a. iyopeya.
represent', v. a. oyaka.
repress', v. a. t'Qsi^iya.
reprimand', v. a. owakiye.
reproach', v. a. ba ; owakiye ;

ostehda.
reproof, n. woiyopeye ; bapi.
reprove', v. a. iyopeya; iyo-

pekiya.
rep 'tile, n. wamduska.
repu'diate, v. a. ehpeya ; akta

sni.
repug'nant,arf;. tawatenyesni ;

otawaten sica.
repulse', v. a. paha iyeya.
request', n. dapi.
request', v. a. da ; kida.
require', v. a. ec'oi) ^i ; kida.
requite', v. a. kazuiu ; kicica-

KUZU.

rescind', v. a. ecetusniya.

res'cue, v. a. eyaku ; ehdaku.

reseeirch', n. aMtapi.

resem'ble, v. a. kinma ; kihbe.

resent', v. a. sihda ; watogya.

reserve', v. a. okapta ; pataij.

res'olute, adj. tawacig ki^ur).

respect', v. a. ahopa ; ohoda ;
wastedaka ; kinihaij.

respec'table, adj. ahoka ; oki-
niha;).

resurrec'tion, n. woekicetu.

retain', v. a. anida; kpatag.

retake', v. a. ehdaku ; hduza.

retal'iate, v. a. toki^oij ; wa-
togya.

retard', v. a. huijke^niya ; oki-
tpaniya.

reten'tion, n. anicapi.

reten'tive, adj. waciqkiksuya.

ret'icule, n. pambotuka.

retire', v. heyata iyaya ; ihdu-
heyapa ; iwagka.

retir'ing, adj. wi^teca.

retort', v. a. caijksiya owakiye ;
i en hiyeya ; i itkopataqhai).

retrace', v. a. Ididawig hda.

retract', v. a. ehdaku.
retreat', n. wowinape.
retreat', v. n. naiida ; napa.
retrench', v. a. yuciljadai).
retrospec'tion, n. hekta etoq-

waijpi.
return', v. n. hdidu ; ku ; hdi :

to give back, kicu: cause to

return, hdicuya.
reunite', v. a. ake en ikoyag-

ya.
reveal', v. a. oyaka ; ohdaka.
rev'el, v. witkoya skata.
revela'tion, n. woyakapi; ta-
ku wakai) oie.
revenge', n. toki(Joi)pi ; woto-

ki^oi).
revenge', v. a. tdkiiox) ; hda-

zuzu.
reveng'er, n. watokidor) s'a.
rev'enue, w. wamnayaqpi.
rever'berate, v. n. yaiyowaza.
rev'erence, n. widakiniharipi.
rev'erence, v. a. kinihai) ;

ohoda ; ohokida.
reverse', v. a. uijma ediyataq-

hai) idu.
revers'ed, jxirt. uijma ediya-

tai)hai).
review', v. a. iwaijhdaka ;

ivvaqyaka.
revile', v. a. ostehda ; ya^ida.
revise', v. a. piya kaga ; iwaq-

hdaka.
revive', v. n. kini.
revoke', v. a. hdatokeda ; ece-

tusnikiya.
revolt', V. a. kipazii).
revolve', v. a. yuhomni ; oho-

mni ya.
re"ward', n. wokaiuzu.
reward', v. a. kididaiuiu.
rheu'matism, n. okihe wida-

yazai).
rhu'barb, n. piiihuta zi.
rib, 11. dutuhu.
rib'bon, n. sina apahdate ; sina

apahdate ioka; ^ina apahdate

zipzipedai).
rice, n. psii).
rich, adj. wi^ida ; wa^eca ; wa-

toi)ka.
rich'es, «. woyuha; wiwidaii-

de.
rich'ly, adv. wiiinya.
rid, V. a. yuiyog iyeya.
rid'dle, n. a sieve, wiyuc'ai).
rid'dle, v. a. iyudag.

RID

323

SAN

ride, v. n. suqk akan iyotaijka ;

<5ai)pahmihma akan yaqka.
zidge, n. lie ; ticeska.
rid'icule, v. a. iliaha.
rid'ioule, n. wowiHalia.
rid'ieuled, part, wowihaliayapi.
ri'fle, n. sdaya-oiupi.
ri'fle, V. a. kahi ; wakahi.
right, adj. owotaijna ; liecetu :

right-hand, nape etapa: right-
handed, etapa.
right'eous, adj. owotai)na.
right'eousness, n. woowotaq-

na ; wicoowotaijna.
rigid, adj. suta.
rig'orous, adj. ksizec'a.
rill, n. wakpadaq.
rim, n. tete.

ring, n. napcupe ; hoyuhi.
ring, V. yusna ; kasna ; nasna.
ringing, part, snasna ; snahai).
ring'streaked, adj. hde^ka-

dka.
rinse, v. a. opsoijpsoij ; oyu-

psoQpsoi).
rip, V. a. yumna ; namna ; ba-

mna ; bamdaza ; basdeca ; ba-

sdesdec'a.
ripe, adj. sutoq ; taijyai) icaga.
ri'pen, v. n. sutoij ; wasutoij.
rip'ple, V. mini ihalia.
rise, V. n. nazii) ; inaziq : to

rise, as the sun, hinapa : rise, as

water, warjkan hiyu \ apasboka.
rise, n. oinape ; oieage.
risibility, n. ihapi.
risk, V. a. aotohnaka.
rive, V. a. kasdesdeca.
riv'er, n. wakpa ; watpa.
riv'et, V. a. sutaya okataij.
riv'ulet, n. wakpadai).
roach, n, sun-fish, wakadaq.
road, n. daqku : to make a

road, acaqkuya.
roam, v. n. toke ciflciq ya.
roar, v. n. hotofl : as waves, s'a.
roast, V. a. pasnog ; co^iq ;

ceoi)pa; waceoqpa.
roast, n. wopasnoi).
roast'er, n. wapasnog.
rob, w. a. ki; manoi).
rob'ber, n. wawicaki s'a.
rob'bery, n. wawicakipi.
robe, n. Aina : buflFalo-robe, pte-

hasina ; tagicaha.
rob'in, n. ^i^oka.
robust', adj. wad'aka,
rock, n. imniia.

rock, V. a. nahuhuza.
rod, n. caijsakadai) ; icapsii)te.
rogue, n. tuwe wica^ta sni kii).
roil'ed, adj. pukpa ; so^a.
roll, V. pahomni ; pahmihma ;

pabaga ; paptagyaij ; opaptaij-

yaq.
romp, V. n. nina skata.
roof, n. woakahpe ; ticeska ;

keya ; wakeya.
room, n. tipi : there is room,

okaq : to give room to, kiyu-

kai).
roost, V, n. mar) ; be ; ahimai).
root, n. hutkai) ; car) huta.
rope, n. hakahmoqpi.
rose, n. oqziijziritka.
ros'in, n. caijsiij.
rot, V. n. poqpoi] aya ; atakuni

^ni aya.
rot'ten, adj. poijpoij ; kuka.
rouge, n. wasesa.
rough, adj. ta^taga ; iahai).
roughly, adv. caijksiya; za-

heya.
round, adj. as a wheel, mima ;

mibe : round as a ball, hmiyaq-

yaq.
round, adv. ohomni ; okawiijB.-

ya : to go round, ohomni ya ;

aokibeya: round about, ihdu-

k^ag.
round'ed, adj. psogpsoijna.
rouse, V. a. yuiica ; paMca.
rout, V. a. napeya.
route, n. ocagku.
rove, V. n. nuni.
ravr, v. a. watopa.
ro"W, «. caqkuye : in rows, ic'i-

takihna ; iciyaza ; owecighag ;

ocimdagai).
rub, V. a. kase ; pamaij ; pakiij-

ta : to rub on, iui) ; ikiui) ; ipa-

wiijta ; ipakiijta ; iugtoi) : rub

smooth, akasto.
rul)y, n. igyag tehika.
rud'der, n. iyupse.
rude, adj. wida^ta sni.
ruffled, adj. hakpa.
rug, n. owigia.
rug'ged, adj. hodki^ki.
ru'in, n. wicotakuni ^ni.
ru'in, V. a. yutakuni ^ni.
rule, V. idaka; wica^tayatapi

UI).

ruler, n. wica^tayatapi ; wawi-

dake.
rum, n. mini wakag.

rum'ble, v. n. hmui).

rum'mage, v. a. kahi.

ru'mor, n. woyakapi.

rump, n. nitehu.

run, V. n. igyaqka : as a horse,
nawagka : to run, as water, ka-
duza : run after, kuwa aya : run
or push in, opazai).

run'ner, n. waiqyaijke.

runt, 11. eca cistigna.

rup'tured, ^ar<. hdec'ahai).

rush, V. n. oboza hiqhda.

rush, n. waqyeca.

rust, n. gigi ; agi.

rus'tle, V. n. hamhapa.

rus'ty, adj. agigi.

rye, n. aguyapi ocaie waqii. ,

s.

Sab 'bath, n. Agpetu-okifipapf ;

Aijpetu-wakai).
Sa'chem, n. Wicastayatapi.
sack, n. oiuha ; wozuha : a

sackful, woiutoijpi : a medicine

sack, cagkoiuha : caqdoiuha.
sa'crament, n. wohduze.
sa'cred, adj. wakaij.
sac'rifice, n. wosna ; wosnapi.
sac'rifice, v. wayu^na ; waki-

yufoa.
sad, adj. iyokisie'a ; dagte ^ida.
sad'den, v. a. iyoki^inya.
sad'dle, n. suktaqka a!^ii).
sad'ly, adv. iyokisinya; c'agte

[Sinyaken ; iyokisicaya.
sad'ness, n. iyowidakiside ; iyo-

kisidapi.
safe, adj. taqyaq uij ; wikope

^ni uq.
safe'ty, n. wokokipe ^ni.
sag, V. n. nawiq^ iyaya.
saga'cious, adj. waciqksapa.
saga'city, n. woksape.
sage, adj. ksapa.
sage'ly, adv. ksamya.
sail, ». ^ina watopekiyapi.
saint, n. widaita owotaqna.
seile, n. wiyopekiyapi.
sali'va, n. tage.
salt, n. miniskuya : salt-cellar,

miniskuya ohnakapi.
salts, n. miniskuya seda.
salve, n. wihdi tasaka ; wokizi.
same, adj. bee.
sanctifica'tion, n. woyuedetu,
sanc'tify, v. a. yuwakaij ; yu-

wohduzetog ; yuedetu.

SAN

324

SEE

sanc'tion, v. a. iyowiijkiya.
sano'tuaiy, n. tipi wakaij.
saxid, n. wiy4ka ; casmu.
san'dal, n. hai)pa.
sane, adj. zaniyag ; wac'i;|ki-

ksuya.
sap, n. c'a^liaijpi mini.
sa'pient, adj. ksapa.
sap'py, adj. 6aj) mini ota.
sar'casm, n. wicoie pa Mrica.
sash, n. ic'a^ke ; ipiyake.
Sa'tan, n. Wakaqsica.
sa'tiate, v. a. imnaya.
sa'tiated, jm^i- imna ; imna-

hai) ; ipi ; wipi.
sati'ety, n. iwidamna.
satisfac'tion, n. woiyokipi.
satisfy, V. a. imnaya.
satisfying, part, napiij.
sat'urate, v. a. fipaqyaij.
Sat'urday, n. owaqka yuia-

iapi.
sauce, n. wapaye ; iyunkitoi].
sau'cer, n. cetetahedai).
sau'cily, adv. icai)ksiya ; wi-

taijtaijyai).
sau'cy, adj. iwakaij ; -vvitaijtai).
sav'age, n. ikcewicasta.
save, V. a. nikiya ; ehdaku ;

kpatai) ; kamna.
sav'lng, adj. wapataijka.
Saviour, n. Wanikiya.
sa'vor, n. takumna.
sa"w, n. ca^ibakse.
sa"W, V. a. baksa ; basdesdeca.
sa'w'yer, n. in the river, cai)-

mini-caio.
say, V. eya ; heya ; keya ; eya-

ya : to say to, eciya.
saying, n. iapi ; oeye.
scab, n. tanaipu ; hanaskusku ;
lari.

scab'toard, n. mazasagye oiu-
ha; isap oiuha.

scaffold, n. dowahe.

scald, V. a. gu ; guya.

scale, n. ceipu ; hocespu.

scales, n. oq aspeyapi.

scalp, n. paha ; wicapaha.

scalp, V. a. paha yuza : the
scalp-dance, iwakicipi.

scan, V. a. iwaijyaka.

scan'dal, n. waaiapi.

scan'dalous, adj. ^ice Mqca.

scant, adj. iyokpani ; iyohi sni.

scan'ty, adj. iyotpani ; tonana.

scap'ula, n. amdohu.

scar, n. osnaze.

scarce, adj. wanic'a ; tonana.
scar'city, n. taku owasii) wa-

nica.
scare, v. a. yusiijyeya ; wako-

kipe kicaga ; hamya.
scar'ed, part, yusiriyaya ; ini-

hai).
scarify, V. a. bahoqhoi).
scarlet, adj. duta ; ^a hiijca.
scat'ter, v. a. kada ; kadada.
scat'tered, part, kada ehpeya-

pi ; enanakiya iyayapi ; enicici-

ya iyayapi : scattered, as trees,

carihdehde.
sce'nery, n. owaijyake ; owa-

^tedake.
scent, n. omnaka ; takumna.
scent, V. a. omna.
scep'ticism, n. cetuijhdapi ;

wacetuijhdapi.
scep'tre, n. mazasagye.
scheme, n. widohaq.
schol'ar, n. ookiye; oijspeki-

yapi.
school, n. waoqspewicakiya-

pi : school-house, oyawa tipi :

school-master, waoijspekiye.
sci'ence, n. wosdonye.
scis'sors, n. ijnida.
scofij V. ihaha.
scoff^ n. wowihaha.
scold, V. a. owakiye ; ikapa ;

icapta; kige.
scollop, V. yumdemden kage-

scoop, V. a. yu^ma ; yu^kopa.
scorch, V. a. gu ; guya ; adosdo-

za ; sku.
score, V. a. icago.
scorn, n. woakta^ni.
scorn, V. aktasni ; wa^teda

^ni.
scour, V. a. pamaq ; payeza.
scourge, n. icapsigte.
scourge, v. a. kapsii)psii)ta.
SCO'Wl, V. iteiinkiya ; yu4ii)tki-

ya.
scramlile, v. n. iyahpahpaya.
scrap, n. oyupte ; obapte.
scrape, v. a. kakiqca ; yukiij-

da ; ka^oga ; katica ; patida ;

pakeza; pak:ega.
scra'per, n. ipastai).
scraps, n. of tallow tried out,

ogu.
scratch, v. a. yu^puya ; yu^e-

ga ; yuljoga ; yuhdata.
scratch, n. oyuhdate.

scream, v. howaya ; ^idahowa-

ya ; tehowaya.
screech, v. n. hotoij ; hopiqza.
scre"w, n. tiyopa iyokatkuge ;

ipashai).
scribe, n. wowapi kaga.
scrip'ture, n. wowapi wakaij.
scrub, V. owaijka yuiaia.
scru'tinize, v. a. opahta yaq-

ka ; taqyeh iwaijyaka.
scuffle, V. n. kici ecoi) ; kidiyus

edoi)pi.
sculp'tor, n. wapago s'a.
scum, n. tage.
scythe, n. peii ida^da.
sea, n. miniwaijca.
seal, n. ipuspe ; wipuspe.
seal, V. a. apuspa ; askamya ;

askamtoi).
seam, n. okagege ; 6kibe.
seam'stress, n. wakagege.
sea'port, n. oihuni.
sear, v. a. gu ; snisya.
sear, adj. iniia.
search, v. a. akita ; ode ; okide.
sea'son, n. maka ; omaka ; ma-

koqdage.
sea'son, v. a. apayeya ; wapa-

yetoi) ; pusya.
sea'soning, n. wapaye ; apaye.
seat, n. caij-akan-iyotagkapi.
seat, V. a. iyotai)gya.
secede', v. n. ihduheyapa ; ihdo-

nida.
sec'ond, num. adj. inoripa ;

idinoijpa ; okihe ; iyokihe : the

second child, Hepai) ; Hapai).
se'cret, adj. nahmana.
see'retary, n. wowapi kaga.
secrete', v. a. anahbe ; inahbe ;

inakihma ; anakihma.
se'cretly, adv. nahmana ; ana-

hbeya ; inahbeya.
sect, 11. okodakidiye.
secure', adj. wikope sni ui) ;

tariyai) yai)ka.
secure'ly, adv. wikope^niyai).
sedate', adj. iha sni ui).
sed'iment, n. taku ceteta kata

iheya.
sedi'tion, n. wakipaiiijpi.
sedi'tious, adj. wawakipaiiij.
seduce', v. a. inahma ; wiina-

hma.
see, V. toijwafl ; wai)yaka ; wafl-

hdaka.
see, intj. wai).
seed, n. su ; oiupi.

SEE

325

SHO

seek, V. a. akita ; ode.
seem, v. n. seca ; seececa.
seem'ing, part, iyeceda.
seen, part, waijyakapi.
seer, n. wawai)yake.
see'savr, v. nakicihuhuzapi.
seine, n. ho.

seize, v. a. yuza ; iyahpaya ; ki.
sel'dom, adv. tuktekten.
select', V. a. kahniga.
selec'tion, «. wokaHnige.
self, pron. iye Ije ; eke.
self-esteem', n. wamnai^ida-

pi.
selfish, adj. watehiijda.
selfishness, n. watehiijdapi.
sell, V. a. iyopeya ; wiyopeya ;

wiyopekiya.
sel'vage, n. opapuq.
sem'blance, n. iyaciripi.
sem'inary, n. woyawa tipi.
sen'ate, n. widasta tai)ka to-

mniciye.
send, V. ye^i ; yeya ; hde^i ; ki-
hdeya : to send word to, waho-
ya ; iwahoya.
se'nior, adj. tokapa ; itokapa.
sense, n. taku kapi.
sense'less, adj. waciijtoi) sni.
sen'sible, adj. waciqtoij.
sen'sibly, adv. waciqksamya.
sen'sitive, adj. wopanica.
sen'tence, n. woyac'o ; iapi.
sen'tence, v. a. yado ; wayado.
sen'timent, n. wowiyukdaq.
sen'tinel, n. akidita naiijj.
sep'arate, v. a. akipam ehnaka ;
kinukai) ehnaka ; yukinukaij ;
kiyu^pa ; kadpa iyeya.
sep'arately, adv. kinukaijyai).
Septemi'ber, n. Psiijhnaketu-

wi.
sep'ulchre, n. widaliapi ; ohna

hnakapi.
sere, adj. sniia.
serene', ac?;. amdakedai) ; owa-

stedake.
ser'mon, «. woyakapi.
ser'pent, m. wamduska; waij.
ser'vant, n. wowidake.
serve, v. idaka : to cause to

serve, wowidagya ; ookiyeya.
ser'vice-berries, n. wa^paij-

tahaza.
set, V. a. hde; ehde; ekihde:
to set, as a trap, eoijpa : set out,
hu hde : set, as the sun, iyaya.
set'ter, n. waehde.

set'tle, V. kaskinya ; ceteta

ekta kata iheya.
sev'en, num. adj. ^akowiq.
sev'enteen, num. adj. ake ^a-

kowii).
sev'enteenth, num. adj. iake

sakowi^.
sev'enth, num. adj. i^akowiij ;

icisakowii) ; widisakowii).
sev'er, v. a. kiyu^pa.
sev'eral, adj. waijzikii.
severe', adj. ksizeca ; ^akeda.
severe'ly, adv. nina hiip.
se'w, v. a. kagege ; wakagege ;

ipasisa : to sew on, akagege.
se"w'ed, jmrt. kagegepi.
sex, ?J. wida; w^yai) ; mdoka;

wiye.
shab'by, adj. hdehdeda.
shac'kle, v. a. pahta.
shade, n. ohaqzi.
shade, v. a. ahaqzi ; ahaijziya ;

ohai)ziya.
sha'dy, adj. ohaijzi.
sheift, n. ihupa.
shag, n. hii).
shag'gy, adj. hiqsma : shaggy

side out, hiijhteya.
shake, v. n. cai)dai).
shake, v. a. yuhuhuza ; pahu-
huza ; nahuhuza ; kahuhuza ;
pahoho ; katata ; hdatata ; na-
kitata ; natata : to shake the
head, poptaqptai) ; pomnamna ;
pomnamnakiya.
shak'ing, part. huhuzahaq ;

anini.
shall, V. aux. kta or kte.
shal'lovr, adj. kazedai) ; puze-
dag ; sbe ^ni ; haakamyedai) ;
akantuyedai).
sham, n, wohnaye.
shame, n. wowistede ; iwida-

^tece.
shame, v. a. istenya ; wi^tenya ;

wistenkiya.
shame'faced, adj. wi^teda ;

wistesteda.
shame 'less, adj. wi^tede im.
shank, n. humdo.
shape, V. a. bago ; kaga.
share, n. wopamni.
share, v. okini.
sharp, adj. pe.
sharp 'en, v. a. yumaij ; hdube ;

kapesto.
shat'ter, v. a. kamdeda; ka-
ptuptuia.

shave, v. a. kazipa ; hdaiipa ;

kasai) ; hdasai) ; yuskusku.
shav'ing, n. wokaiipe ; cai)
wokazipe : a shaving knife or
plane, widaiipe.
sha-wl, n. ima,.
she, pron. iye ; is.
sheaf, m. aguyapi pahtapi.
shear, v. a. yusda ; hdu^da.
shears, n, iyusda taqka. :

sheath, n. mazasagye oiuha ;

isaij oiuha; oge.
sheathe, v. a. en iyckiya.
shed, V. as horns, kapsuij : as

quills, sui)pa: as teeth, ya-

psui).
sheen, n. wiyatpapi.
sheep, n. tahii) wanuijyaijpi :

sheep-skin, taha ; tahiij wanuij-

yaijpi ha.
sheer, adj. ededai).
sheet, n. minihuha owiijia.
shell, n. ha.
shell, V. a. kapa ; kapai) ; yu-

sku.
shell 'fish, n. tukihasai).
shel'ter, v. akahpa ; ahaijzi : to

take shelter in, inapa.
shel'ter, n. wowinape.
shel'terless, adj. Mayehna ui).
shep'herd, m. waawaqhdake ;

tahii) wanuijyaijpi awaqwidaya-

ke.
shield, «. wahada^ika.
shield, V. a. akahpetoi) ; anaki-

ksii).
shift, V. a. yutokeda; tokai)

ehnaka.
shin, n. humdo.
shine, v. n. iyega; wiyatpa;

iyoyaijpa ; to cause to shine,

iyehya.
shin'gle, n. daijbakpapi.
shi'ning, part, wiyatpa.
ship, n. wita wata.
shirt, n. oijhdolida ; mahen ui)-

Pi-
shiv'er, v. n. daijdaq.
shook, V. a. yusiriyeya.
shod, pmrt. hagpokihaij.
shoe, n. caijhaijpa.
shoe, V. a. maza siha okataij.
shoot, V. mazakai) edoi) ; kute ;

kata iyeya ; bosota ; bohpa ;

botakuni^ni ; bowanica ; boku-

ka ; bopota ; abokuka.
shoot'ing, part, wakutepi.
shop, n. mazopiye.

SHO

326

SLE

shore, n. Imta ; ohuta : at the

shore, hutata : out from shore,

caijnan ; caqnanvvapa.
short, adj. ptecedai) ; pteptece-

dai) ; katkudafl.
short'en, v. a. yuptec'edaij.
shortly, adv. ecadaij.
shot, n. sucikcij^adai).
shot, part, o ; tao ; taopi.
shoul'der, n. hiyete ; amdo ;

amdohu.
shout, V. a^'a ; iyas'a ; iyakipa-

pa.
shout 'ing, n. iyas'api.
shove, V. a. paha iyeya; pa-

taq ; yus iyeya; pacaqnan iye-
ya.
shov'el, n. maza mdaska ; c'a-

hota 01) ehpeyapi.
shoAW, V. pazo ; epazo.
sho'w'er, n. magaiu.
shovT'ery, adj. magaiu s'a;

kihaijsica.
shre"wd, adj. ksapa.
shriek, v. n. sicahowaya.
shrill, adj. pigza.
shrine, n. wopiye.
shrink, v. n. namniga.
shriv'elled, adj. piipiza ; stui)-

kadai).
shroud, n. taku oq pazoijtapi.
shroud, V. a. iyapemni.
shrug, V. n. tag napakiya.
shud'der, v. n. yusigyaya.
shuffle, V. as the feet, nasug-

sug.
shun, V. a. okamna ; ohomni ya ;

nakicipa.
shut, V. a. eceii iyeya ; ec'en

i6n ; nataka ; onataka.
shut, part, ohmuza ; natakapi.
shy, adj. wikopa.
shyly, adv. wikopeya.
sick, adj. yazai) ; wayazaij.
sick'en, v. n. yazaq highda;

ihpaya.
sic'kle, n. isai) skopa.
sickly, adj. wayazai) s'a.
sick'ness, n. wowayazaij.
side, n. cuwi ; cute : on this

side of, itato ; on the other side,

ako : on both sides of, anoka-

taghai).
side 'ling, adj. uijnaptai) ; apa-

mahde.
siege, n. anawicataijpi.
sieve, n. wiyucaij.
sift, V. a. yucai) ; hducag.

sigh, V. n. comnihdazi.

sight, n. of a gun, iwaqyake.

sign, n. wowakta ; wapetogtog-
pi : to give a sign, iwaktaya :
to see signs of an enemy, iksuya.

sign, V. a. wowapi yutai).

sig'nal, n. wokoza.

significa'tion, n. taku kapi.

silence, n. inina yukaijpi.

silent, adj. inina ; ataijse yaqka.

silently, adv. ainina.

silk, n. minihuha zipzipedaq.

sill, n. taku ahe cii).

silly, adj. wac'iijtoi) sni ; witko-
tko.

sil'ver, n. mazaska.

similar, adj. iyec'eda.

similitude, n. wiyadiijpi.

sim'mer, v. n. nasa; anahdo-
hdo.

sim'ple, adj. ec'edai) ; witkotko.

sim'pleton, n. witkotkoka.

sin, n. woahtani.

sin, V. n. wahtani ; taku sica
ecoi) ; ecigsniyag ecoi).

since, adv. iyohakam ; itato.

sincere', adj. wicaka.

sincere 'ly, adv. awic'akehaij.

sincer'ity, n. wowic'ake.

sin'e"w, n. kag ; takag.

sin'ful, adj. wahtani ug.

sin'fuUy, adv. dicaya.

sing, V. dowag ; ahiyaya : to
sing to, idowaij ; adowai) ; ka-
hiyaya.

singe, V. gu ; hiijhnu.

sing'ing, n. dowagpi.

sin'gle, adj. waqzidai) ; idnana.

sink, V. kun iyaya ; spaya iya-
ya ; oyahe aya.

sin'less, adj. woahtani wanica ;
wahtani ^ni.

sin'ner, n. wahtani s'a ; wica-
sta sica.

sip, V. iyozizi yatkai) ; yagom
yatkai).

sis'ter, n. tawinohtig : a man's
elder sister, taiike ; taijku : a
man's younger sister, taijksi ;
taqksitku : a woman's elder
sister, cui) ; cuqku : a woman's
younger sister, tagka ; ta;)kafcu.
Sister-in-law, a man's wife's sis-
ter and his brother's wife, haij-
ka ; haqkaku : a woman's hus-
band's sister, icepag ; ie'epaijku :
a woman's husband's brother's
wife, icepaijsi.

sit, V. n. iyotai)ka ; hiyotai)ka ;

hdiyotaijka ; kiyotaijka.
sifting, part, iyotaqkehai) yai)-

ka.
six, num. adj. sakpe.
six 'teen, num. adj. ake ^akpe.
six'teenth, num. adj. iake ^a-

kpe.
sixth, num. adj. isakpe.
six'ty, num. adj. wikcemna ^a-

kpe.
size, n. so large, hii)skoke<5a :

how large ? tiijskokec'a.
skate, n. maza okazeze.
skate, V. n. okazeze ki^uij.
skein, n. okaske.
skel'eton, n. huha : the skele-

toi) of a tent, tihuha.
sketch, V. pago ; owa.
skil'f 111, adj. wayupika ; wa-

yapika; akiho.
skill, n. akihopi.
skill'ed, part, okaho ; wayupi-
ka; aohai)hai)hai).
skim, V. a. tage ehpeya ; kage.
skin, n. ha ; uka ; coku.
skin, V. a. ha yuza ; bagapa.
skip, V. to jump, ipsica ; psipsi-

ca : to skip on water, ahdiyape-

pe : to pass over, okapta.
skirt, n. saijksanica ; nito^ke ;

opapuij : to wear a skirt, saij-

ksanikitoi).
skull, n. pahu ; nasuhu.
skunk, n. maka or magka.
sky, n. mahpiya to.
slab, n. dagmdaska ; igyag

mdaska.
slab'ber, v. imni^tag.
slack, adj. ohtahtadag.
slack'en, v. n. naicoga.
slack'ly, adv. ohdahdayedag.
slan'der, v, a. aia ; waaia ;

slan'der, n. waaiapi ; aiapi.
slant 'ing, adj. kaohya ; ata-

kigyag.
slap, V. a. apa ; nape eg apa.
slash, V. a. to whip, kapsigpsig-

ta.
slate, n. igyag sapa.
slaugh'ter, v. a. kte ; kikte.
slaugh'ter, n. wicaktepi.
slave, n. wowidake ; wicatoka.
slay, V. a. kte.
sla'zy, adj. zigzica.
sled, n. cagwiyusdohe.
sled, V. a, toksu.

SLE

327

SOR

sledge, w. maziyapa.

aleek, adj. cepehiqca; sdusdu-

ta.
sleep, n. woistiijma.
sleep, V. n. i8tii)ma.
sleep'y, adj. iba.
sleet, n. wasu ; waiec'a.
sleeve, n. oqlidohda isto.
sleigh, n. caijwiyusdohe.
slen'der, adj. cistiijna-haijska.
slice, V. a. bamda ; kamda.
slice, n. oijspa.
slide, V. n. okazeze ecoij.
slight, V. a. akta sni, weceye

sni.
slightly, adv. iwastedaq ; ki-

tai) eciiiyai).
slim, adj. cistiqna-haqska.
sling, n. iyuhmui).
sling, V. a. kaho iyeya.
slip, V. n. liicahai) ; nasduta. ■
slip'per, n. hai)pa; caqha^pa.
slip'pery, adj. sdusduta ; tutu-
pa.
slit, V. a. kaptuia ; kasdeca ;

bamdaza.
slit, n. bamdazapi.
sliv'er, n. wokasdate.
slope, V. n. upwards, itaijwaij-

karjlide : downwards, apama-

hde.
slo'ping, adj. kaotya ; takiij-

yai).
slop'py, adj. haijlii ; mini ota.
sloth, n. wokuie.
sloth'ful, adj. kuia.
slough, n. wiwi.
slov'enly, adj. cogeca ; icoya ;

hnahai).
slovr, adj. hui)ke sni ; laijhi ;

ofiaijsdata ; oliariteha^.
slo"w'ly, adv. iwastedai) ; iwa-

hnana ; fiaqhiya.
slo'w'ness, «. wic'okuie; wi-

cahui)ke im.
slug'gard, n. wic'asta kuia.
slug'gish, adj. kuia.
slugs, n. kaspuspupi.
sliun'ber, v. n. ogupga ; ayu-

slump, adj. kahdi.
slush'y, adj. haijlii.
sly, adj. nahmana.
slyly, adv. analibeya.
small, adj. cistii)na ; cikcistii)-

na ; cil^ada^ ; ni^kodaq.
small'pox, w. ite widalidoMo-

ka.

smart, v. n. tuta ; okapaza.
smart, adj. miniheca.
smash, v. a, kamdeca.
smear, v. a. sd.iya ; asamya.
smell, V. omna.
smell, n. omnapi.
smelt, V. a. Moya.
smile, V. n. ita.
smite, V. a. apa ; kastaka.
smit'ten, part, apapi.
smoke, n. sota.
smoke, v. n. sota ; izita.
smoke, v. a. caijnuijpa ; izinya ;

caijduhupa iyahpekiya.
smo'ky, adj. soto^u.
smooth, adj. sdusduta ; mda-

ya ; stoya.
smooth, V. a. kasdusduta ; yu-

mdaya ; yusto ; hdusto.
smoothly, adv. stoya ; astoya.
smoth'er, v. a. yuniya ^ni ;

apaspa.
smug'gle, V. a. nalmana au.
smut, n. woiape.
smut, V. a. yu^apa ; asamya.
smut'ty, adj. asapa.
snag'gy, adj. mini ekta c'ai) ota.
snail, n. mini wamnuiadai).
snake, n. wamduska ; wamdu-

skadai) ; wag ; iuzuhec'adai) ;

siijte Ma.
snap, V. n. namdec'a; namden

iyaya ; napopa : to make snap,

yupsaka : snap, as a gun, \)o\q-

ga.
snare, n. 05 hmuijkapi.
snarl, v. n. hdo.
snatch, v. a. botiij icu.
snath, n. peii icasda ihupa.
sneak, v. pamabdedaij iyaya ;

isteca.
sneaklngly, adv. nahmana.
sneer, v. n. ihaha.
sneeze, v. n. p^a ; ap^a.
sniv'el, v. n. giijda ; po4ii).
snore, v. n. gopa.
snort, v. n. pogai).
snot, n. pabdi.
snout, n. pute ; pasu.
snoTV, n. wa : snow-drift, wo-

gai) : snow-shoes, pse ; psepa-

togna ; tagmda.
sncw, V. n. wapa : the snow

blows, wabomdu ; icamna.
sno'w'bird, n. wakasaqsaij.
snuff) V. n. pozaijzai) ; poge

^nisni^kiya : to snuff a candle,

petizagzag yuksa.

snuffers, n. petiiagiag iyukse.

snug, adj. ayuco.

so, adv. heceda ; hecen ; ec'en :

so long, hehagkeda : so and so,

hecekcen.
soak, V. a. hpagyag ; pastag.
sodik.' edi, part. hpag.
soap, n. wipaiaia.
soar, V. n. nawig.
soh, V. n. ceyektakta.
so'ber, adj. mdeza ; kimdeza.
so'herly, adv. mdesahag ; mdes-

ya.
so'eiable, adj. wohdaka ug.
soei'ety, n. okodakidiye.
sock, n. iyahdehugska ; iyahde-
, hagpa.

sod'omy, n. ihupi ; iwicahu.
soft, adj. coco ; cocodag ; pag-

pagna ; pag^pagiedag ; spag ;

sdo ; do ; hihi ; hihidag.
soften, V. a. kapagpag.
softly, adv. iwastedag.
soil, V. a. asamya ; yusapa.
soil, n. maka ; makikceka.
so'joum, V. n. ti.
sol'ace, V. a. wacigtoglmagya.
sold'er, v. a. asdoya.
sole, n. sicuha.
sole, V. a. asicutog.
sole, adj. ecedag.
sol'emnly, adv. wakagyag.
solicit, V. a. da ; kida.
solicitous, adj. cig ligca.
solid, adj. suta; tke.
solitary, adj. lewoskantu ;

isnana yagka.
solve, V. a. yukcag ; iyukc'ag.
some, adj. ogge ; hugt ; wagii-

kzi.
some'body, n. tuwe.
Some'hoAV, adv. token.
some 'thing, n. taku.
some 'times, adv. tuktekten ;

tohantu ka^ta.
some'vrhere, adv. tokiya.
son, n. eigksi ; cighigtku : be-
loved son, hokiinc'agtkiyapi :

son-in-law, tako^ ; takoiku.
song, n. odowag.
soon, adv. kohagna ; ecadag.
soot, n. cehnagi ; sonnagi.
soothe, V. a. kihna.
soot'y, adj. ^otkazi.
sop, V. a. oputkag.
sore, adj. jazai).
sor'rel, n. wahpe skuya.
sor'ro'W, n. woiyoksidc.

SOR

328

STA

SOr'rcwftil, adj. iyokisica ; iyo-

yakeca.
sor'ry, adj. caijte ^ica.
soirt, n. ocaie.
sort, V. a. kalnih idu.
sot, n. witko s'a.
soul, n. nagi ; 'wicanagi ; wa-

nagi.
sound, adj. zaniya^ ; tokeda.
sound, V. to ring, sna; nasna;

kasna ; yusna.
soup, n. haijpi ; waLaqpi.
sour, adj. skuya.
source, n. oicage ; oiqkpa.
sour'ish, adj. kitaijna skuya ;

skumna.
south, n. itokaga ; okaga.
south'-ward, adv. okagataij-

haq ; okahkiya.
sov'ereign, n. itagc'ai) ; otaij-

carike.
SO"W", n. kukuse wiye.
so'w, V. a. oiu; woiu; kada

elipeya.
so^w'er, n. woiu wai).
so"wn, part, oiupi.
space, n. okaq : to give space

to, kiyukai).
spa'cious, adj. otai)ka.
spade, n. maza mdaska.
span, n. napapasdec'api.
span, V. a. nape oi) iyuta.
spare, v. a. to part with, pa-

gai) ; kpagaq : to save, pataq.
sparing, adj. watehiijda.
spark, n. pesniza.
spar'kle, v. n. iyega; iyfeiye-

ga.
sparse, adj. tonana.
spasm, n. kai) natipapi.
spat'ter, v. a. amnimni.
speak, V. n. ia ; yaotaqii).
speak'er, n. ie cii) ; iekiyapi.
spear, n. wahukeza ; huHaka.
spear, v. a. capa.
spe'cies, n. odjige ; obe.
specify, V. a. ecekcen oyaka.
specimen, «. taku waijii iye-

ceca ; oqspa etaijhai).
speckled, adj. hdeskaska ; hde-

hdega ; icilideskaska.
spec'tacle, m. wowagyake.
spec'tacles, n. maza i^ta.
specta'tor, n. tuwe wawaij-

yag ui).
spec'tre, m. wanagi.
speech, n. iapi.
speed, n. wicaduzabag.

speedily, adv. inahniyai) ; cai)-

ca^se ; koyabarina.
spell, V. oowa ehnaka ; oowa

oyaka.
spend, V. a. iyopeya ; hdusota.
spe-w, V. n. hdepa.
sphere, n. tapa se ; taku hmi-

limiyaq.
spice, n. sudikcikadai) seca.
spi'der, n. ur)ktomi.
spike, n. horipe.
spill, V. a. papsoi) ; kastai) ; ka-
da : to spUl ouj apapsoi) ; aka-

itar).
spin, V. a. pahmui) ; wapahmuij :

to spin a top, kahomni.
spin'dle, n. maza iyulimuij.
spine, n. c'aijkahu : spinal mar-
row, caijkasuQta.
spin'ning, n. pahmuripi.
spire, n. taku ipasotka.
spirit, n. woniya ; nagi ; wa-
nagi : Holy Spirit, Woniya

Wakai).
spiritual, adj. wakaq ; wa-

kagyai).
spit, «. caijwipasnuq.
spit, V. tagosa ; atagosa ; ota-

gosa.
spite, n. wocaijniye.
spit'tle, n. tage.
splash, V. Aga ihpaya.
spleen, n. pisnize.
splen'did, adj. waste hiijc'a ;

wiyatpa.
splen'dor, n. wowiyatpa.
splice, V. a. akihdagtoi).
splin'ter, n. wokasdatapi.
splin'ter, v. to fly off, nasuza.
split, V. a. kaptuza ; baptuia ;

boptuza ; paptuia ; yuptuia ;

kasdeca ; basdeca ; nasdeca ;

yusdeca ; baka.
split, V. n. naptuia ; nasdeca.
spoil, V. tujjwiq : to rob, ki :

to destroy, yutakuni sni.
spolia'tion, n. wawicakipi.
sponge, n. miniiyuiepe ; oka-

itaiiye.
sponge, V. okalitaijyai) ; pa-

spaya.
sponta'neous, adj. iye ciijka.
spool, n. halioijta iyapehaqpi.
spoon, n. tukiha ; maza tukilia ;

kiqska: a spoonful, tukiha o-

hnaka.
sport, n. wicoskate.
sport, V. n. ^kata.

sport'ful, adj. ikehaijhai).
spot, m. a blue spot, akitopi.
spotless, adj. wakasote sni.
spot'ted, adj. hdeskaika.
spout, V. bomdu hiyu.
sprain, v. n. kaguka ; naguka ;

paguka; kalidoka.
spra'wl, V. n. nasuijsui).
spread, v. n. kahtaij ; okamde-

ca.
spread, v. a. pakii)ta ; kamda-

ya ; yumdaya ; mni.
spring, n. wetu : last spring,

wehai).
spring, V. n. icaga ; hinapa ;

ipsida.
sprin'kle, v. a. amnimni.
sprout, V. n. idaga ; camni uya.
sprout, n. damni.
spunk, n. daijkagida.
spur, V. a. iyopastaka.
spurn, V. a. akta ^ni ; heyata

elipeya.
spurt, V. mini bosdi.
spy, n. iwaijyag uij kii).
spy, V. a. iwaijyaka ; wakdagyaq.
squall, V. n. nina ceya.
squally, adj. idamna.
squau'der, v. a. hdusota; i\-

iagyao edoi).
square, n. daq iynte.
squat, V. n. kahin inaiii) ; pu-

staka.
squeak, v. n. kakigza; ka^o-

squeal, v. n. hotoij.
squeeze, v. a. tirisa yuza ; ado-

ksohag yuza.
sqiiint, V. i^toksiijkiya.
squint'eyed, adj. istoksip ; ista-

ksiijka.
squir'rel, n. ta^naheda ; hetka-

dai) ; zida ; piiqda.
squirt'-gun, n. ibosdi.
stab, v. a. dap4.
stab'bed, part. dap4pi.
sta'ble, adj. suta ; sutaya hag.
sta'ble, n. ^uktagka tipi.
stack, n. paha ; peii paha.
staffj n. daijsagye.
stag, n. tamdoka.
stage, n. daijpalimihma.
stag'ger, v. n. dekdegya mani ;

kaktihaijhaij mani.
stag'gering, ]xirt. dekdegya.
stag'neint, adj. ^kagskai) ^ni.
stain, V. a. yusapa : to take a

stain, ate eyaku ; asapa eyakiu

STA

329

STR

stairs, n. cagiyadipi ; caqiya-

manipi.
stake, n. caijipasdate.
staJ^e, V. a. as a horse, pasdata.
stale, adj. hugwiQnma.
stalk, n. hu.

stam'mer, v. n. ie kaskiska.
stamp, f. a. natata ; nataqtar).
stanch, v. a. anapta ; we ana-

pta.
stand, V. n. nazig ; inaiii) ; hi-

naiiq ; lidinazii) ; kinazii) ; na-

iiijhaij ; hag : to stand on, ana-

iio ; ahaq.
stand, V. a. hde ; naiijjkiju.
stand'ard, n. wiyokihedai) ;

wapahasa.
stand'ing, part, naiighai).
star, n. wicaghpi.
stare, v. a. opalita yagka.
start, V. n. ya : to start sud-
denly, ham highda.
star'tle, v. a. yuiigyeya.
starva'tion, n. wicaakihai).
starve, v. n. akihaij.
state, n. ouijyaripi.
state, V. a. oyaka.
stately, adj. hagskaya.
sta'tion, n. oyagke ; oinaiigta.
sta'tionary, adj. owaqii yaij-

ka.
stat'ue, re. wakagapi ; wida^ta

kagapi.
stat'ure, n. ohagske.
stat'ute, n. woope.
stave, V. a. kahuga ; kahuhuga.
stay, V. n. ape yaqka ; mdog-

yagka ; yaijka.
stead'fast, adj. suta.
stead'fastly, adv. sutaya.
steal, V. a. manoij ; wamanor).
steal 'ing, n. wamanogpi.
stealth 'y, adj. natmana.
steam, n. mini opo ; ipo : to

steam oneself, ini : steamboat,

peta-wata.
steel, w, maza suta : a fire-steel,

c'aqka.
steel'yaJ'd, »• oij tke utapi.
steep, adj. maya liiqca ; apa-

mahde hiqda.
steep, V. a. hpagyai).
steep 'ed, part. hpaq.
stee'ple, n. ipasotka.
steer, n. tatagka.
steer, v. a. iyupse yuza.
steers'man, re. iyupse yuze ;

wahektape cii).
42

stem, re. of a pipe, caiiduhupa

sugta : of a pumpkin, taspu.
stem, V. a. tatowam ya.
stench, re. sic'amna.
step, n. daehde ; c'aehdepi :

foot-step, owe ; owehde.
step, V. n. c'aehde ; caksii) : to

step over, acaksii).
step'father, w. nuqkasku ;

tawagaijku.
ster'ile, adj. takudag icahye

^ni.
stern, adj. ksizeca.
stern, n. wahektapa.
ster'num, n. makuhu.
steTV, V. a. ohai).
stew'ard, re. wohekiyapi ; wa-

awaijyagkdyapi.
stick, n. cagsakadai) ; cag.
stick, II. re. askapa ; ostaka ;

otkapa ; icam ; icapa ; oha ;

iyapuspa; aikoyaka.
stick, V. a. askamya ; okastaka ;

pahdi : to stick in, as a splinter,

okasdata.
stick'y, adj. dapa.
Stif^ adj. suta ; tasaka ; stusta ;

dapa ; damya.
stiflTness, re. in one's limbs,

wicastusta.
atm, adj. inina; ataqse; amda-

kedai).
still, V. a. yuinina.
still, adv. tuka ; heda e^ta.
stim'ulate, v. a. iyopa^taka.
sting, V. a. dap4 ; idapa ; yaii-

pa.
sting, re. idape ; widape.
stin'giness, re. ohaq^idapi.
stin'gy, adj. ohan^ida ; wate-

hii)da ; wakitehi.
stink, V. re. sicamna.
stint, V. a. yudistigna; yupte-

dedai).
stip'ulate, v. n. kaken edanoi)

kiijhai) mis kaken edamoi) kta

de, eyapi.
stir, V. a. kahi ; idahi ; yuza ;

yuskaijskaq.
stir, re. owodutatoi].
stir'rup, re. siinatai).
stitch, re. idape ; ipasise.
stitch, V. a. idapa ; ipasisa ;

apasisa.
stock, re. taijdai).
stock'ing, n. iyahdehuqska.
stom'ach, re. tezi ; nige.
stone, n. igyaq.

stone, V. a. igyar) oi) kigiij.
stool, n. daq akan yotaqkapi.
stoop, V, re. patuia ; patu^ ina-

zii) ; kahin inazii).
stop, V. re. maiii) ; ayustai) ;

ayastag.
stop, V. a. anapta ; kagi ; idagi.
stop, re. woanapte ; ehnakapi ;

inaiiripi.
stop'per, re. io^tag.
store, re. mazopiye; taku ki-

hnakapi.
store, V. a. kihnaka ; wakihna-

ka ; ehnaka ; eiu aya.
store'keeper, re. wopetoi).
storm, V. re. magaiu ; idamna ;

kihaijsida ; wapa : to storm on

one, aidamna ; akihag^ida.
sto'ry, n. woyake ; hituqkafl-

kapi.
stout, adj. wa^'aka.
stove, re. maza odeti.
stOTV, V. a. ezu aya.
strad'dle, v. a. adak^ig ; ka-

mda^a ; akamda^ nazig.
strad'dling, part, akoian na-

z\i).
strag'gle, v. «. widisniyai) iya-

straight, adj. owotagna : straight
forward, hdaheya ; katigyai) : a
straight place in a stream, oha.

stralght'en, v. a. yuowotaqna ;
owotaqna kaga.

straight'ness, re. woowotaqna.

straight'-way, adv. ecahaj)-
keya.

strain, v. a. to hurt, ksuweya :
to pull, yutitai) higda : to
cleanse, puskepa ; puskem oka-

strain'er, n. ipuskepa.
strait, re. kiyute ; mdekiyute.
strait, adj. odistiyedap ; odilj:a-

dai).
strand, n. huta.
strand, v. n. azi.
strand'ed, part, dzipi.
strange, adj. tokeda.
stran'ger, re. widaita tokeda:

to think or regard one as a

stranger, toghda.
str£in'gle, v. a. yuniya sni : to

choke, katka.
strap, re. tehmiso ; ikag.
straTV, re. aguyapi hu.
straw'berry, re. waiu^teda.
stray, v. n. nuni.

STR

330

SUE

streak, v. a. pago.
streak'ed, part, hbehbezedaq ;

hdehdezedag.
stream, n. watpa ; wakpa ; mi-

nicaduza : down stream, okaga :

up stream, tatowam.
stream, v. kaduza.
street, n. odaqku.
strength, ». wowas'ake ; wico-

was'ake.
strength'en, v. a. yuwa^'aka ;

was'agya.
stretch, v. a. yutitai) ; yuzica ;

nasuijsui).
stretch'ed, part, as the arm,

akagatkiya.
stre"W, V. a. kada eipeya.
stride, v. a. acaksiq.
strife, n. wicakigepi ; wic'oki-

cize.
strike, v. a. apa ; kastaka.
string, n. ika^ ; teimiso ; ha-

ioijta ; ipahta.
string, V. kaza ; sog.
string'ed, part, kazapi ; ikaij-

toi).
strip, V. a. yusdoka ; hdu^doka.
stripe, V. a. kahdezedai) ; ka-

hdegedai).
strip 'ed, part. hdehdezedai) ;

yuHise ; zuhai).
strive, V. n. kic'i ecoij ; ohiye

ecoi).
stroke, ». oape.
stroke, v. a. kastosto.
strong, adj. was'aka ; suta.
strongly, adv. was'agya.
stro"w, V. a. kada ehpeya ;

owirisya.
struc'ture, n. taku kagapi.
strug'gle, V. n. nasuQsui) ; nai-

^ispe kte ii;)ca.
stub, V. a. iboto.
stub'ble, n. aguyapi hu.
stud'Y) ^- «• awacii).
stufl^ n. wahpaya.
stuif, V. a. ozuya ; opugi.
Stul'tify, V. a. yuwitkotkoka.
stum'ble, v. n. iicahai) ; nakti-

heca ; nahnayai).
stum'bling, pa)-<. kaktihaqhaq.
stump, 11. caijpaksa.
stun, V. a. kaitekpaza ; taijsag

teya.
stunt, V. a. kacistiijna.
stu'pefy, V. a. yalba ; kaliba.
stu'pid, adj. Hba.
stur'geon, n. caijhur) ; hotaqka.

stut'ter, V. n. ie kaskiska.
sty, n. kukuse tipi.
subdue', V. a. ktedai).
subject', V. a. ihukun ehnaka.
submit', V. a. wicada.
subscribe', v. a. wowapi yutai).
sub'sequently, adv. iyoha-

kam.
subside', v. n. ate ; oyahe aya.
subsist', v. n. ni uq.
sub'stance, n. taku hii)ca ;

woyuha.
substan'tial, adj. taijtoijka;

kpa.
substan'tiate, v. a. yuwidaka.
sub'stitute, v. a. heekiya ; ee-

kiya.
subtract', v. a. etai)hai) idu.
subtrac'tion, n. etarihaij idu-

pi.
subvert', v. a. kaiuiu ; yuiu-

in.
succeed', v. n. okihi ; yustai).
success'ful, adj. w4pi.
succes'sion, n. in succession,

oweciijhai).
suo'cor, V. a. 6kpe ya.
such, adj. hededa ; deca ; heca.
suck, V. yazoka ; hdazoka ;

aziq.
suck'er, n. a kind of fish, pa-

hteca ; apesasa.
suc'kle, V. a. aziijkiya.
sud'denly, adv. ihnuhaijna.
suds, n. wipaiaia haijpi.
suffer, V. kakiia ; idakiia : to

permit, iyowi^kiya.
sufferer, n. kakiza ui).
suffering, n. wokakize; wi-

cokakiie.
sufl&'eiently, adv. imnahaij-

yau.
suffocate, v. a. niya sni ta ;

yuniya sni.
suiRise', V. n. kahtai).
su'gar, n. caqhaqpi : cake su-
gar, dai)hai)pi tasaka : sugar

maple, daijhasai) : sugar water,

daj)hai)pi mini.
suggest', V. a. okiyaka ; daze-

kiyata ; kiksuyeya.
su'icide, w. icjiktepi : to com-
mit suicide, i^ikte.
suit, V. to fit, iyecetu : to please,

iyokipi.
suit'able, adj. iyekidihaijtu.
sul'len, adj. wadii)hii)yai)za.
sul'ly, V. a. asamva.

sul'try, adj. didita ; maste hii)-

ca.
sum, V. a. iyawa.
su'mac, n. daijzi.
sum'mer, n. mdoketu : last

summer, mdokehaij.
sum'mit, n. oiijkpa ; paiodaq.
sum'mon, v. a. wahoya.
sun, n. anpetu-wi : sun-blind,

i^tosniia : sun-burnt, ma^ti-

ipax) : sun-dance, .wiwaijyagwa-

dipi.
sun'der, v. a. yukinukaij ; ya-

akipam ehnaka ; kiyuspa.
sun'dog, «. a parhelion, pedu-

za ; pedus yaijka.
sun'flovrer, n. wahda zizi.
sun'ny, adj. wi taqijjii).
sup, V. yatkai) : iyoziziya ya-

tkaq.
superb', adj. waite hiqca.
superfine', adj. mdu Mijca.
supe'rior, adj. iyotar).
superstruc'ture, n. tidagapi.
supervise', v. a. awaijyaka.
supine', adj. ahdaskin wai)ka.
sup 'per, n. htayetu wotapi.
sup'ple, adj. wii)8wii)iedai).
sup'pliant, adj. wadekiya.
sup'plicate, v. a. dekiya ; kida.
suppliea'tion, n. wodekiye.
supply', V. a. iyaki(Juya ku.
support', V. a. yuha.
suppose', V. a. yukcaq ; iyu-

kdai).
suppress', v. a. ohiya ; anaki-

hbe ; anapta.
sup'purate, v. n. toq au ; toq-

yai) ; otogyag.
supreme', adj. itaqcaq ; iyo-
tar.
sure, adj. widakapi ; suta.
sure'ly, adv. awidakehai).
sur'face, n. akantai)haq.
sur'feit, v. iyatalidei^Jiya.
surge, M. taia.
sur'ly, adj. odiij^ida ; ksizeca.
surmise', v. yukdai).
surmount', v. a. ohiya.
surpass', v. a. kapa ; iyakapa ;

iyakapeya.
surpass 'ing, part, iyakapeya ;
sur'plus, n. taku sam iyaya.
surprise', v. a. yusigyeya ; ini-

haqya : taken by surprise, iya-

pastakapi.
surpri'sing, part, wonderful !

hopidai)niye.

8UR

331

TER

surround', v. a. aohduteya.
surtout', n. oijiohda akan uij-

pi.
survey', v. a. iwai)yaka ; ma-

koce iyuta.
survey'or, n. makoc'e iyute.
survive', v. n. kini ; saijpa ni.
susoep'tible, adj. wopanica.
suspect', V. kecii) ; tuqgya ;

atuqgya.
suspeet'ed, adj. atu5ke<fa ;

ituijkeca.
suspend', v. a. otkeya ; anapta.
suspen'sion, n. woanapte.
suspi'cion, w. wopasmi.
suspi'eious, adj. watuijgya.
sustain', v. a. yuha.
sus'tenanee, n. woyute ; taku

yutapi.
svrag'ger, v. n. ihdataq.
SV/'al'lO'W, V. a. napca ; ana-
pea ; napda iyeya.
Svral'lo"W, n. icapsiijpiiocadai).
S'wamp, n. wiwi ; ptega.
svramp'y, adj. idihdidaij.
S'wan, n. maga taqka.
S'wap, V. a. tokiyopeya.
SAvarm, n. optaye.
S"warth'y, adj. ha stai).
svreat, V. n. temni ; ini.
S'weep, V. a. kahiiita ; owa^ka

kahiijta.
SAveet, adj. skuya : sweet-corn,

waskuya.
S'weet'en, v. a. skuyeya.
STvell, V. kapo ; kapogaij.
S"well'ed, adj. po.
svrift, adj. duzahaq ; kaduza.
svriftly, adv. dus.
sv/im, V. a. niwai) : to float,

okapota : cause to swim, niwe-

kiya.
S'win'dle, v. a. hnayaq.
swine, n. kukuse.
saving, n. caqhotadai) ; hotapi-

sko.
Evring, V. hotadai) ki(Juo ; oka-

zezeya ; kahuhuza.
swin'gle, v. a. kasusuza.
s^witch, n. daijsakada^i ; ic'a-

psi^te.
S"witeh, V. a. kapsiijpsiijta.
swoon, V. n. taijsag ta.
SAVord, n. mazasagye ; raii)na

haQska.
syn'agogue, n. omniciye tipi.
syn'od, ». omniciye.
syr'inge, n. ibosdi.

tab'emacle, n. wakeya; wo-

keye.
ta'ble, n. wahna wotapi : table-
land, mdamdata.
ta'cit, adj. inina.
ta'eitly, adv. ainina ; ataijse.
tack, V. a. okatag ; akagege.
tack, n. tiyopa iyokatkuge ci-

stiijna.
tac'kle, V. a. ikoyagya.
tad'pole, n. ho^upe^de ; tapo-

puska.
tail, n. siijte ; upi : tail-bone,

sir)toi)pahu.
taint'ed, part, ^ic'amna ; huij-

wiijmna.
take, V. a. i<5u ; eyaku ; ehda-

ku ; ikikcu.
ta'ken, part, icupi ; ehdakupi.
tale, n. woyakapi ; hitui)kar)ka-

pi.
talk, V. n. ia : to talk to, okiya :

talk about, aia.
talk'ing, n. iapi.
tall, adj. hai)ska.
tal'low, n. wasna tasaka.
tal'on, n. iake.
tam'arack, n. ^iqta : tamarack

roots, maka;).
tame, v. a. nui)yai) ; wanui)-

yai).
tame, adj. wahbadaij ; wanuq-

yaijpi.
tan, V. a. kpaqyai) ; tpariyai).
tan'gle, v. a. yuia&a.
tan'ned, part, kpaijyaijpi : tan-
ned by the sun, masti^pai).
tan'ner, n. wakpa^yaij.
tap, V. a. iwastedai) apa ; katoto.
tape, n. sina apahdate.
ta'per, n. petizai)iar).
ta'per, v. n. cistiijna aye.
ta'pering, adj. sditka.
tar, n. caij^ii).
tar'dy, adj. huijkesni.
tar'get, n. owiijhec'a ; waha-

cai)ka.
tar'nish, v. a. a^amya.
tar'ry, v. n. mdogyaijka ; ape

yarika.
taxt, adj. skuya.
tart'ly, adv. caqksiya.
task, n. oedoq.
taste, V. a. uta.
taste, n. utapi ; skuya.
taste'less, adj. takumna sni.

tat'tered, adj. kaijheca; yu-

hdec'api.
tat'tle, V. a. woyagyaka.
tattoo', V. a. akito.
tattoo'ing, n. akitopi.
tavuit, V. a. i en hde.
tav'em, n. tipi ohna wotapi ece.
tea, m. wahpe peiihuta.
teach, V. a. oijspekiya.
teach'er, n. waoijspekiya.
teal, n. siyaka ; ^oksaijkadai).
tea'pot, n. wahpe peiihuta oka-

^taijpi.
tear, v. a. yuhdec'a ; hduhde<$a.
tears, n. istamniharipe ; ista-

mnigaga ; i^ta mnio^doka.
tea'spoon, n. tukiha distiijna.
teat, n. azepiqkpa.
te'dlous, adj. otehai)ka.
teeth, n. hi ; wic'ahi.
teeth'ing, n. hi uya.
tel'eseope, n. iwaijyake.
tell, V. a. oyaka ; ohdaka : to

tell to, okiyaka.
tem'per, n. quick-tempered,

canhahaka ; wac'iqko.
tem'perance, n. iyatahdei^i-

yapi sni.
tem'perate, adj. iyatahdei^iye

sni.
tem'pest, n. tate iyumni.
tempes'tuous, adj. icamna.
tem'ple, n. tipi wakai).
tem'ples, n. nawate.
tempt, V. a. iyutai) ; iyutag-

yai).
tempta'tion, «. taku wawiyu-

taijyaq ui) kii) ; wowiyutariye.
temp'ter, «. wawiyutagye.
ten, num. adj. wikcemna.
tena'cious, adj. kitagtaij ; iya-

skapa.
tend, V. awagyaka ; ekta aya.
ten'der, adj. wagkadaq ; suta

sni.
ten'der-loin, n. napdo.
ten'don, n. kaij : the large

tendon in the heel and back of

the neck, iskakai).
tent, n. wakeya: an old tent,

wizi : tent-pins, wihutipaspe :

tent-poles, toiu.
tenth, num. adj. iwikdemna.
tep'id, adj. iteca.
tep'ify, V. a. itenya.
term, n. ihaqke.
ter'minate, v. owiha'^ke kta;

owihaijkeya.

TER

332

TO

ter'rible, adj. ohitika; wohiti-

ka.
ter'ribly, adv. ohitiya.
terrific, adj. wawinihaij.
ter'ritory, n. makoce.
ter'ror, n. woyusiijyeya ; wo-

winihai) ; wokokipe.
test, V. a. iyuta.
tes'tament, n. wowapi wakaq ;

woaifipeye.
tes'tify, V. a. oyaka ; yaotaqii).
tes'timony, n. woyakapi ; wo-

tariiq.
teth'er, v. a. hu iyaka^ka ; na-
pe pafita.
thaxik, V. a. wopida eciya ; pi-

kidida.
thank'ful, adj. pida.
thank'fully, adv. pidaya.
thankless, adj. wapida ^ni.
thanks, n. wopida eyapi.
that, ^rore. he : that alone, he-

cedai).
thatch, V. a. peii akahpa.
th.a.'W, v.n. stuta; spai) ; skai).
tha'W, V. a. stunya ; skaqya.
the, def. art. kii) ; cir).
the'atre, n. owaqyag tipi.
thee, pron, niye.
theft, n. wamanoijpi.
their, jyron. tawapi.
them, pron. •wida ; iyepi ; hena.
themselves', pron. iyepi ^e.
then, adv. hehan ; ehai) ; he

ehag ; !^ehai) ; ^ehai).
thence, adv. hetaqhai).
there, adv. heci ; heciya ; hen ;

kan ; kaki ; kakiya ; hetudaq :

thereabouts, heciya ; hen.
there 'fore, adv. heoji ; he

etaqhai).
these, pron. dena.
they, pron. iyepi.
thick, adj. ioka ; tiktica.
thick'en, v. a. tiktinya.
thick'et, n. otehi ; wohiijsma.
thickly, adv. akipsap^a.
thick'ness, n. osoka.
thief, n. wamanoij s'a.
thieve, v. a. manoq ; wama-

nog.
thigh, n. ceca : outside of the

thigh, sicai).
thill, n. caijpahmihma ihupa.
thim'ble, n. napo^taijpidag.
thin, adj. zibzipedai).
thine, pron. nita ; nitawa.
thing, n. taku.

think, V. ecii) ; hecii) ; kecig ;

wac'ii) yuza ; c'aijte yuza : to

think on, awaciq : think of,

ewacii) ; ecaijkir) : I think,

epca ; hepca ; kepca.
think'ing, part, awadi^pi.
thin'ly, adv. as hair, zi.
third, num. adj. iyamni ; idi-

yamni.
thirst, n. iwieapuza.
thirs'ty, adj. ipuza.
thir'teen, num. adj. ake ya-

mni ; wikcemna sam yamni.
thir'teenth, num. adj. iake

yamni.
thir'tieth, num. adj. iwikce-

mna yamni.
thir'ty, num. adj. wikcemna

yamni.
this, pron. de : this alone, dece-

daq : on this side, dediyataij-

hai).
this'tle, n. toka hu.
thong, n. tehmiso.
tho'rax, n. maku.
thorn, n. icape ; taku pepe ;

wapepeka.
thor'oughly, adv. odowasiq.
those, pron. hena.
thou, pron, Ta& ; niye.
though, conj. eita ; kei ; ka-

^ta.
thought, n. woawadii) ; cagte-

oze.
thought 'ful, adj. awadig uq.
thought'less, adj. waawadii)

sni.
thou'sand, num. adj. kektopa-

wiijge.
thou'sandth, num. adj. ikekto-

pawii]ge.
thrash, v. a. kapa ; kapai) ;

hdapai).
thread, n. hahoijta.
thread, v. a. to thread a needle,

hahoijta tahiij^padikadai) oMo-

ka ohna iyeya.
threat'en, v. a. ikapta ; ida-

pta.
three, num. adj. yamni.
thrice, adj. yamni akihde.
thrifty, adj. wapi.
throat, n. dote ; dotku.
throb, V. dai)te iyapa.
throe, n. hoksiksuyapi.
throne, n. oiyotaijke.
throng, n. widota.
throng, V. a. aotirjsya.

through, prep, opta ; iyopta ;

ihuijniyai).
throvT, V. a. kaho iyeya : to

throw away, ehpeya : throw, as

a horse his rider, pahpa : throw

up, as a child does milk, apa-

mdu : throw on, aihpeya.
thrush, n. wagiyogi.
thrust, V. a. paha iyeya ; heya-

ta iyeya.
thumb, n. nape huijka.
thump, V. a. apa ; nina apa.
thun'der, n. wakiiiyai).
thun'der, v. n. wakiijyaq hotoi) ;

otii).
Thurs'day, n. Aijpetu itopa.
thus, adv. deden ; heden ; ka-

ken ; kaketu.
th'wart, V. a. okihisniya ; ede-

tusniya ; kagi.
thy, pron. nita ; nitawa.
thyself', pron. niye ^e ; niye

dii)ka.
tib'ia, n. bone in the hind leg

of animals, daqkpe.
tick, n. taskakpa : bed-tick,

owiflia ozuha.
tic'kle, V. a. yu^iijsii).
ti'dings, n. wotaijiij.
tie, V. a. iyakaska ; pahta.
tight, adj. suta ; otiqza.
tight'en, v. a. yuskita ; yuo-

tiijza.
tight 'ly, adv. yuskinya.
till, adv. hehaijyaq ; ehag.
till, V. a. kidaijyai).
tilt, V. a. yuptaijyaq.
tim'ber, n. dag.
time, n. time about, ui)ma ito-

to : not time yet, iyehagtu im ;

hinahiqke sni.
time'ly, adv. iyehagtu.
tim'id, adj. wakokipa ; wisteda.
tim'idly, adv. kokipeyahai).
tin, n. dega ska : tin cup, mini-

yatkai).
tinc'ture, n. taku idahiyapi.
tin'der, n. cagkagida.
tinge, V. a. asa ; ate ; idahiya.
tin'gle, V. n. sna ; nasna.
tip, n. iijtpa ; oigtpa.
tip'sy, adj. witko.
tire, V. n. mdokita ; huijkita ;

idomni; kapir).
tir'ed, part, domnihda ; mdo-
kita.
tithe, n. iwikdemnamna.
to, prep, ekta ; ektakiya.

TOA

333

TRI

toad, n. natapelia.
toast, V. a. okanya ipagyag.
tobac'co, n. caijdi : tobacco-
bag, caijdoiuha : tobacco-board,
caijdi abakpai).
to-day', adv. ecii) ; nakaha ;

dehan ; agpetu kijj de.
toe, n. siyukaza ; sipiflkpa : the
great toe, sipahuqke : the little
toe, si^a^te.
togeth'er, adv. ptaya ; witaya ;
kata ; aopeya ; akiptaq ; icage-
iuya : close together, as grass,
akipiap^a.
toil, V. n. htani.
toil, n. wicohtani.
toil'some, adj. tehika.
to'ken, M. wowakta.
toreratle, adj. kitaijna wa^te.
tol'erate, v. a. iyowiijkiya.
toll'gate, n. tiyopa oopetoij.
tomb, n. ohna hnakapi.
to-inor'ro"W, adv. heyakeci;)-

han.
ton, n. tke utapi kektopawujge

noiipa.
tongs, n. maziyuiipe.
tongue, n. cezi : buffalo tongue,

taceii.
to-night', adv. ecig ; ttayetu

kiqhai).
too, adv. ko ; koya ; nakui) ;

eya; eyake.
tool, n. ikic'aijye ; oicuwa.
tooth., n. hi ; wicahi.
top, n. oii)tpa : the top of a
house, tice^ka : top of the
head, pesdete : a plaything,
cai)-kawacipi.
torch, n. petuspe ; petizagzai).
tor'ment, n. wokakize ; wosi-

tkihda.
torment', v. a. kakisya ; ^itki-

hdaya.
tor'pid, adj. ^kaq^kag ini ; tai)-

sagta waijka.
tor'rent, n. minicaduza.
tor'rid, adj. kata ; okata.
tor'toise, n. keya ; kezo;)ta ;

patka^adaQ.
tor'ture, n. iwicakakize.
toss, V. a. kaho iyeya ; waijkan

iyeya.
to'tal, adj. ocowasig ; eca owa-

siq.
tote, V. a. ^ii).

tot'ter, V. n. dekdegya mani ;
kaktihaqhaq.

tot'tering, part, hahadag ; ha-

hayedaq.
touch, V. a. yutaq ; oyutaq ;

iyahde ; icahtaka ; iyapato ;

aputaka.
touch'ing, adj. icahtagya ;

ipuskin ; eciyataijhai].
toueh'-hole, n. mazakai] noge

ohdoka.
touch'"WOOd, n. caqkagida.
touch'y, adj. wakiniya ; wasa-

ze<5a.
tough, adj. suta ; kikita.
tough'en, v. a. yusuta; yuki-

kita.
tOVT, V. a. yusdohai) aya.
towards', yrep. ektakiya; etki-

ya ; aetopteya.
tO"w'el, n. napipakiijte.
tO"w'er, n. coqkaske tehaqwaij-

kantu.
tOTwri, n. otoqwe.
toy, n. taku ini ; taku oi) ^kata-

pi.
trace, n. owe.
trace, v. a. pago ; owe akita.
track, n. owe ; oye.
tract, n. wowapi cistigna.
trac'table, ac?;'. wahbaka ; okiij-

yui) wa^te.
trade, n. woakiho ; akihopi.
trade, v. a. tokiyopeya.
tra'der, n. wopetoi).
tradi'tion, n, hituqkaijkapi.
traduce', v. a. aia ; akaga.
traffic, V. a. tokiyopeya.
trail, n. caijku ; osdohe.
train, v. a. icahya ; oqspekiya ;

kihiya.
trsiin, n. c'aqwiyusdohe.
train'ing, n. oqspewicakiyapi.
tramp, v. a. nataijtai) ; napaq ;

nasuta.
tram'ple, v. to trample on,

ahag ; amani.
tran'quil, adj. ataijse yanka.
transact', v. a. ecoi).
transcend', v. a. kapa.
transcribe', v. a. . okaga.
transfer', v. a. iyoopta wic'aj:u.
transfig'ure, v. a. yutokec'a.
transform', v. a. yuwaste ; ju-

tokeca.
transgress', v. a. kicaksa;

kapa ; wahtani.
tran'sient, adj. askayedaq.
translate', v. a. tokaij aya;
ieska oyaka ; okaga.

transla'tion, n. okagapi.
transmit', v. a. aihpeya.
transmute', v. a. heekiya.
transpa'rent, adj. kohdi ; 6ah-

towata.
transplant', v. a. huhde.
transport', v. a. tdkin.
transporta'tion, n. watok^u-

pi.
transpose', v. a. tokaij ehnaka ;

uijma ediyataqhai) ehnaka.
transverse', adj. hdakiijyai)

waqka ; tai) hdakiigyaq.
trap, n. mazahtakiyapi.
trap, V. a. hmuijka.
trash, n. takusnisni.
trav'all, v. hoksiksuya.
trav'ail, n. hoksiksuyapi.
trav'el, v. n. icimani ; ihdaka ;

ohnihde uq.
trav'eller, n. icimani kiq ; oi-

dimani.
trav'elling, part, icimanipi.
trav'erse, adv. hdakipyaij.
trav'erse, n. oiyuwege.
trav'erse, v. a. ipawega ; iyu-

wega.
tray, n. waksica taqka.
treach'erous, adj. wahnayaq.
treach'ery, n. wohnaye.
tread, v. to tread on ; ahai) ;

anaiii) ; amani : tread out, as

rice, naki^a.
treas'ure, n. woyuha.
treas'ury, n. mazaska opiye.
trea'ty, n. makoce aiapi ; wo-

okiye kagapi.
tree, n. cai).
trem'ble, v. n. caijcaij.
trem'bllngly, adv. caqdai)-

yai)-
tremen'dous, adj. wayusiijye-

ya-

tre'mor, n. wicadaqdai) ; wi-

canaka.
trench, n. maka o^api.
trepida'tion, n. widadaijdai) ;

widanaka.
tres'pass, n. woaitani.
tri'al, n. iyutapi.
tribe, n. widowazi ; widoui).
tribula'tion, n. wokakiie ; idan-

^idapi.
trick, n. iwidahnaye.
tric'kle, v. n. ihw.
tri'er, n. wiyuta.
tri'fle, n. taku im ; tutkatka.
tri'fle, v. oijikata.

TRI

334

UNI

trig'ger, n. mazakai) iyutaij.
trim, V. a. bapta ; yuksa ; ka^ipa.
trin'kets, n. tutkatka.
trip, V. siha iboto ; iicahai) ;

nahnayai) ; na^dunya.
trip, n. ic'imanipi.
tri'umph, v. wakte hdi ; iwa-

kte hdi.
tri\im'phant, adj. ohiya; wi-

taqtai).
trivial, adj. taku ^ni.
troop, n. ozuye ; obe ; optaye.
tro'phy, n. wicapaha.
trot, V. n. nacapdapa ; nada-

pc'am iyaya.
trouble, v. a. nagiyeya; ina-

giyeya.
trouble, n. woteiike.
troublesome, adj. wanagiye-

ya.
trough, n. caqka^kokpa.
trout, n. hogai) wicasta^ni.
trow'el, n. makipawinte.
tro"w'sers, n. oijzeoge.
truck, M. watu^ek^eda.
true, adj. wicaka ; widakapi.
truly, adv. awicakehai).
trum'pet, n. mazayahotoijpi.
trun'dle, v. a. pahmihma.
trunk, n. ta.x)6ai) ; da^wohnaka.
trust, n. wowadii)ye ; icazopi.
trust, V. a. wadiriyai) ; idazoki-

ya-

trus'ty, adj. wadiijyepida.

truth, n. wowicake.

truth'ful, adj. iewidaka,

try, V. a. iyuta ; uta.

tub, n. daqkoka.

tuck, V. a. yuakipa^ kagege.

Tues'day, n. Aijpetu inoijpa.

tuft, n. of hair, iyuiipe.

tug, V. a. yutitai).

tum'ble, V. n. aptaijyai] ; hiq-
hpaya.

tu'm.or, n. siyaka.

tu'mult, n. owodutatoi).

tune, n. oahiyaye.

tur'bid, adj. iosn.

tur'bulent, adj. ohitika; ohi-
tii^Jida.

tur'key, n. zida tagka.

turn, V. a. yuhomni ; pahomni ;
kahomni ; paptai)yai) ; yuptaij-
yai) ; to turn oneself round, ihdu-
homni ; ihdaptar) : turn back,
namni ; nakimni : turn, as a gar-
ment, yuedi : turn, as a gun on
one, ayuhomni.

tur'nip, n. tipsiqna.
tur'ret, n. taku ipasotka.
tur'tle, n. keya ; kezoijta :

small turtle, patkasadai).
tur'tle-dove, n. tin-wakiyedag.
tusk, n. hiijske.
tu'tor, n. waopspekiye.
t"welfth, num. adj. lake noijpa.
tvrelve, num. adj. ake noijpa.
t"wen'tieth, num. adj. iwikde-

mna nogpa.
twen'ty, num. adj. wikdemna

noijpa.
tvnce,adj. noi)pa akihde; noi)-

pakiya.
t"wig, n. dag iijtpa.
t'wilight, n. owotai)i;i ini.
twinge, n. naka.
tvrin'kle, n. iyega.
t-win'kling, n. of an eye, i4ta

kakpapi se.
twins, n. dekpapi ; hokiidekpa-

pi.
t"wlrl, V. a. pahomni.
twist, V. a. pahmuij ; kahmuij ;

yuhmug.
t"wist, n. pahmuripi.
t'wist'ed, part, pemni.
t'witch, V. n. naka ; wahdeca ;

wakihdeca.
twitch'ing, n. wowahdece.
two, num. adj. nogpa : only

two, nomnana : by twos, nom-

nom : two-edged, anog ope.
type, n. wiyaciijpi ; maza oowa.
typical, adj. wiyadigyai).

u.

ud'der, n. aze.
ugly, adj. owaijyag ^ica.
ul'eer, n. Siyaka opi.
ul'na, n. ispa huwa]i:ipe.
iil'timate, adj. ehake.
ul'timately, adv. uijhaijketa.
umbrella, n. ohaqzi hdepi.
una'ble, adj. okitpani.
miaccom'plished, adj. yu-

staijpi ^ni.
unan'imous, adj. iyuhpa heya-

unbelief, n. wowidada ^ni.
unbend', v. a. yuowotagna.
unbind', v. a. kiyu4ka ; yu^ka.
unbur'den, v. a. pahpa ; yu-

hpa.
unbut'ton, v. a. yusdoka.
unceas'ing, ^r<. ayu^tai) ^ni.

uncer'tain, adj. toketu taqir)

^ni ; toketu kade.
unchang'ing, adj. okoi)wai)-

iidai).
xm'cle, n. dekii ; dek^itku ; ate ;

atkuku.
unclean', adj. 4apa; waa^apa.
uncoil', V. kahda ; nahda ; yu-

hda.
uncouth', adj. osteka.
uncov'er, v. a. yuzamni ehpe-

ya.
uncov'ered, part, ^dayehna.
tmcurl', V. a. yuowotagna.
undefil'ed, adj. wakasote ini.
un'der, prep, ihukuya ; oida-

undermine', v. a. oMateya

ta.
understand', v. a. okalniga ;

yukdaq.
xxndertake', v. edoi) kta.
undo', V. a. ecetu^niya.
xindress', v. a. wokoyake hdu-

^doka.
un'dulate, v. aga.
unemploy'ed, adj. owai)iidag

yagka.
une'qual, adj. oditkogze ^ni ;

odiptetu.
unfa'ding, adj. ^ni^pida &m;

ozaia waste.
unfair', adj. owotaijna &m.
unfaith'ful, adj. idui)syeda.
unfas'ten, v. a. kiyu^ka.
unfin'ished, part. yu^tagpi

sni.
Xinfit', adj. iyedetu^ni ; okitpa-
ni.
unfix', V. a. juiuiu.
unfold', V. a. yumdaya.
unfor'tunate, adj. wapike ^ni.
unfriend'ly, adj. toghda.
unfurl', V. a. kahbog iyeya.
ungird', v. a. ipiyaka yu^ka.
ungrate 'ful, adj. wapida sni.
unhan'dy, adj. wayusida.
unhap'py, adj. iyokisida.
unhealth'y, adj. wayazaq s'a.
unho'ly, adj. wakaq ini ; owo-

tagna ini.
u'niform, adj. okoijwaijzidai).
u'nit, n. eda waijiidaij ; kaza.
xanite', v. a. icikoyagya ; koki-

zuya.
uni'tedly, adv. kiyokiiuya ;
luiiver'sal, adj. eca owaqdaya ;

maka sitomniyaij.

UNJ

335

VAL

unjust', adj. owotaijna ^ni.
Tinjust'ly, adv. eciqteiyai).
unkind', adj. waoi)sida sni.
unknown', adj. sdonyapi ^ni.
unlade', v. a. wahetaiu.
iuila"w'fiil, adj. -woope eciya-

taqliaq tei.
unleav'ened, adj. napohye

unlike', adj. iyecece sni ; ki-

nbe sni.
unlike 'ly, adv. iyedede ^ni.
unload', v. a. waleta^u ; pa-

hpa; yuBpa.
unlock', V. a. yuhdoka; hdu-

hdoka.
unloose', v. a. yuska; kiyu-

^ka.
unluck'y, adj. wapi sni.
unman'ageable, adj. yuhepi-

ca sni.
unman'ly, adj. wida^ta sni.
unman'nerly, adj. ohaijsui)-

keca.
unmar'ried, adj. taijsna uij.
unmean'ing, adj. taku kapi

sni.
unmer'ciful, adj. waoq^ida

^ni.
unmind'ful, adj. kiksuye ini ;

waanagoptai) ini.
unmix'ed, adj. icahiyapi ^ni.
immov'ed, adj. pahoho ^ni

wai)ka.
unoc'cupied, adj. owaijzidai)

yaijka.
unpack', v. a. yuiuiu.
unpin', V. a. hiipaikudai) yu-

sdoka ; icu.
unpleas'ant, adj. oa^iceca ;

o^iceca ; oiicecake ; kiStaq^ica.
unprepar'ed, adj. wiyeya yai)-

ke sni.
unproduc'tive, adj. takudaij

icahye sni.
unproritable, adj. yuhapi wa-
ste sni.
unprov'ed, adj. yuwicakapi

sni.
unquench'able, adj. kasnipi-

ca sni.
unxav'el, v. n. sbahai).
unrea'sonable, adj. aokagec'a.
unreprov'ed, adj. iyopeyapi

sni.
luiripe', adj. dtuijkadai) ; sutoi)

sni.
unroll', V. a. yumdaya.

unru'ly, adj. wicaita ^ni.
unsat'isfied, adj. imna ^ni;

wipi sni.
unscrevr', v. a. tiyopa iyoka-

tkuge yuhomni.
unseal', v. a. yuldoka ; ipuspe

yuldoka.
imsearch'able, adj. yukcaq-

pica sni.
unsea'sonable, adj. iyehai)tu

sni.
unsea'soned, part, wapaye

dodai).
unseem'ly, adj. o^teka.
unseen', adj. waijyakapi ^ni;

aisiijyai).
unshac'kle, v. a. kiyu^ka.
unskil'ful, adj. wayupike ^ni ;

wayusic'a.
unsotind', adj. poijpoijna.
unspeak'able, adj. oyagpica

^ni.
unstead'y, adj. ptaqptaijna ;

hohodaij.
unstop', V. a. yutdoka.
unsubstan'tial, adj. taqtoij

^ni.
unstxit'able, adj. iyecece sni.
untaint'ed, adj. iu^wigmna

^ni.
untam'able, adj. nuijyaijpic'a

sni.
untaught', adj. ogspekiyapi

sni.
unteach'able, adj. oijspekiye-

pica ^ni.
unthank'ful, adj. wapida ^ni.
untie', V. a. yuska ; kiyuska ;

nakca.
until', adv. hehagyai).
untime'ly, adv. nahaliiqke sni.
untold', adj. oyakapi sni.
untrac'table, adj. wanahoij

sni.
untried', adj. iyutapi sni.
untroub'led, adj. nagiyeyapi

^ni.
untrue', adj. wicakapi sni.
untruth', n. woitoijsni.
xuitAvine', v. a. yuzuiu.
unt-wist', V. a. yuhda ; nahda.
unwell', adj. yazaij ; wayazaq-

ka.
unwil'ling, adj. wic'ada ini.
unwind', v. a. yuhda.
unwise', adj. ksape sni.
unyoke', v. cai) napiijpi kic'i-

yusdoka; yuska.

up, adv. waqkan.
up, intj. iho ; hopo.
upbear', v. a. yuwaqkan idu.
upbraid', v. a. iyopeya ; i en

hiyeya; kige.
uphold', v. a. yuha ; yuza ; na-

iiqkiya.
up 'land, n. mdamdata.
up 'most, adv. iakan.
upon', prep, akan ; iakan ; ihaij-

keya.
up 'per, adj. waijkan : upper

room, waijkan tipi : upper lip,

pute.
up'right, adj. bosdan ; owo-

tarina.
upright'ness, n. woowotaqna.
up 'roar, n. owodutatoij.
upset', V. a. kaptaqyai) ; yu-

ptaqyai).
up'side-do'WTi, adv. ahdapiiq-

yar) warjka.
up'waxds, adv. -warikantkiya.
urge, v. a. iyopastaka ; kitaq.
ur'gently, adv. iyopastagya ;

nina hii).
u'rinate, v. n. deza.
u'rine, n. deia.
us, pron. uqkiyepi.
u'sage, w. wic'ohaq.
use, V. a. ui) ; ki^Juq ; iyui) :

to use one's legs in walking, hu-

iyui).
use, n. ui)pi ; ki^uopi.
used, part, used to, ec'ewakta.
use'ful, adj. ohewasteka.
use'less, adj. taku ecoqpica

sni.
u'sual, adj. ecoripi de.
ut'ter, V. a. oyaka ; ho enape-

ya.
ut'termost, adj. ihaijke.

V.

va'cant, adj. otipi sni ; tuwe-

daq en ui) sni ; takudai) ohna-

ka sni.
vac'cinate, v. a. peiihuta isto

en iyohpeya.
va'cillate, v. n. huhuzahai).
va'grant, n. wauriuijka.
vague, adj. toketu taijiij sni.
vain, adj. in vain, ituB.; taku

sni oq.
vale, n. kaksiza.
variant, adj. waditaka.
val'iantly, adv. waditagya.

VAL

336

WAN

val'id, adj. ecetu.
val'ley, n. kaksiza ; c'okaij.
val'or, n. wadiwicatake.
val'uable, adj. tetika.
val'ue, n. iyawapi.
val'ue, V. a. teBtiijda ; ataij ;

kpatai) : not to value, atai) ^ni.
vamp, n. itake ; siitake.
van'ish, v. n. taijii) im iyaya.
vanity, n. taku sni.
van'qmsh, v. a. ohiya ; kte-

dai).
va'por, n. opo.
vap'orize, v. oyale.
va'riable, adj. yutokecapic'a.
vari'ety, n. watokeca.
va-'ry, v. n. togye icaga.
vas'sal, n. wic'atoka.
vast, adj. tagka liiijda.
vault, n. makobdoka.
vaunt, V. n. ihdataq.
veer, v. n. icuriom iyaya.
ve'getable, n. taku maka

etaijhai] icage.
ve'getate, v. n. icaga ; ape

uya ; hinapa.
ve'hemently, adv. nina hi^.
veil, V. a. akahpa.
veil, n. ite akaHpe.
vend, V. a. wiyopeya.
ven'erable, adj. okinihai).
ven'erate, v. a. kinihaq ; olio-
da.
veneseo'tion, n. kaijkatpapi.
ven'geance, n. toki(Joi)pi.
ve'nial, adj. kaiuiupida.
ven'ison, ». tado.
vent, n. ohdoka ; oko.
ven'ture, v. ecoij kta.
ven'turous, adj. waditaka.
vera'city, n. wowidake.
ver'dant, adj. toto.
ver'diot, n. yacopi.
verge, n. oii]kpa ; ie ipa.
verify, V. a. yuwicaka.
verily, adv. awidakehai).
verity, n. wowidake.
vermilion, w. wase^a.
ver'min, n. wamdudai) ; wa-

jnakaskai).
verse, n. oehde.
ver'sion, n. okagapi.
ver'tebra, n. daijhaiake.
ver'tex, n. pesdete ; oiqkpa ;

paiodai).
ver'y, adv. hiijda.
ves'sel, n. koka ; wak^ica.
vest, n. aokihaijna.

ves'tige, n. owe.
vest'ment, n. wokoyake.
ves'ture, n. wokoyake ; ^ina.
vex, V. a. nagiyeya.
vexa'tion, n. wanagiyeyapi.
vexa'tious, adj. wanagiyeya.
vi'al, n. iajjiaj).
vi'brate, v. n. ozeze.
vice, n. widoiari ^ida.
vi'eious, adj. i'lca, ; ohag^ida.
vi'ciously, adv. eidaya.
vio'tim, «. wosnapi.
vie 'tor, n. tuwe oWye di^.
victo'rious, adj. ohiya.
vic'tory, n. woohiye ; widakte-

pidai).
vict'uals, n. woyute ; taku yu-

tapi ; wo.
vie, V. kidi edoij ; ohiye skaq.
vie"w, V. a. iwai)yaka.
vi'gilant, adj. wakta uij ; ki-

kta yaijka.
vig'or, n. wowas'ake.
vig'orous, adj. was'aka ; suta.
vig'orously, adv. was'agya ;

nina.
vile, adj. waMe sni ; sica.
vilify, V. a. aia.
village, n. otoijwe.
villain, n. tuwe wida^ta sni.
vine, n. hastariha^ka iyuwi ;

wiyuwi.
vin'egar, n. miniskuya.
vine'yard, «. hasta^haijka oiu-

pi.
vin'tage, n. hastaijhaioka.
vi'olate, v. a. kidaksa ; kiuq-

niya.
vi'olence, n. wowidahitike.
vi'olent, adj. ohitika.
violin', 71. dai)dowai)kiyapi.
vir'gin, n. hoksiwiijna.
vir'tue, n. wowaite.
vir'tuous, adj. wa^te ; olaij

waste.
vis'age, n. itohnake.
vis'cid, adj. tiktida.
vis'ible, adj. taqii) ; waijyag-

pida.
vis'ion, n. wowaijyake.
vis'it, V. waijyag i ; titokaij i :

to visit upon, en ai ; iyaoijpa.
viva'cious, adj. skehaij.
viv'ify, V. a. kiniya.
vocab'ulEiry, n. widoie wowa-

pi.
vo'cal, adj. i ediyataijhai).
vociferate, v. ninana ia.

voice, n. ho ; widaho.
void, adj. dokadai).
voli'tion, n. awadi^pi ; daqte-

yuzapi.
vol'uble, adj. iwakag.
vol'ume, n. wowapi.
vol'untarily, adv. iye diqka.
vom'it, V. hdepa ; ihdepa ; hi-

yuya.

vom'it, n. oij hdepapi.
vora'cious, adj. watemya.
vor'tex, n. miniomni.
vote, V. a. kahniga.
voy'age, n. watopapi.
vul'gar, adj. ikde.
vul'nerable, adj. opida ; bo-
hdogpida.

w.

•wad, n. mazakaq iyopuhdi.
■wad'ding, n. iyopuhdi.
vrad'dle, v. n. dekdegya mani.
"wade, V. n. dopa : to wade for,

acopa ; ayus'o.
■wa'fer, n. ipuspe.
■waft, V. a. okalbogya.
■wag, V. as the head, pomna-

mna ; poptaijptai) ; apopta^-

ptai) ; apomnamna.
"wa'ges, n. oxj widasta opetoi)-

pi; iyuijwig.
"wag'gon, n. daijpahmihma hu

topa.
vrail, V. deya ; adeya ; akide-

ya ; wiwakoijza.
■waist, n. maku opta.
■wait, V. ape : to wait for, aki-

pe : lie in wait for, iyape ; iya-

kipe.
■wake, V. n. kikta ; oguijga : to

wake early, hai)kikta.
•wa'ken, v. a. yuhida.
■wale, n. oape.
■walk, n. omani.
■walk, V. n. mani ; imani ; oma-
ni ; amani.
"wall, n. doijka^ke.
■wall, V. a. adoijkaska.
wal'let, n. paijbotuka.
■wal'lo^w, V. n. paptaqptaq ;

ptaijptagyai].
■wal'nut, n. black walnut, hma :

white walnut, tazuka.
■wam'pum, n. wamnuhadai) ;

^ipto.
"wan'der, v. n. nuni ; onuni.
•wan'dering, part, onuniyata.

WAN

337

WHI

wane, v. n. cistii)na aya ; ya-

spapi aya.
"Want, n. iwicakakize ; c'iijpi.
"want, V. a. cir) ; caqtiheya ;

icakiia.
^want'ing, part, iyokpani.
"wan'ton, adj. wic'ii) s'a.
"war, n. kicizapi : a war party,

ozuye : to make war, zuya ;

azuya : war-club, caijhpi : war-
fare, zuyapi : warwhoop, iya-

s'api.
"war'den, n. waawariyake.
"ware 'house, n. mazopiye.
"wares, n. maza.
"wa'rily, adv. itoijpeya.
warm, adj. coza ; oc'oza ; wi-

cacoza : warm weather, ma^te ;

didita ; oma^te ; odidata ; kata :

lukewarm, itec'a.
"warm, v. a. cosya ; kanya ;

itenya ; petiskai).
"Warm'ly, adv. cosyaken.
"warn, v. a. waktaya ; iwaktaya.
■w"arn'ing, n. wowakta.
"warp, V. naskopa ; naopo ; pa-

opo.
"War'rior, n. akidita ; mdeta-

hurika.
"wart, n. hocespu.
"wa'ry, adj. waktaya uq.
"was, V. n. uq Voi)'
"wash, V. a. yuiaia ; hduiaia ;

wayuiaia ; woiaia ; pazaia :

to wash oneself, ihduiaia.
"wash'ing, n. woiazapi.
"wasp, n. tuhmaga.
"waste, V. n. atakuni sni aya.
"waste, V. a. yutakuni sni ;

ihaijgya.
"waste 'fill, adj. wayutakuni

sni.
"watch, n. wihiyayedag.
"watoh, V. a. awaijyaka ; awai)-

hdaka ; akicita naziij ; kikta-

haq ui) ; ape ; iyape.
"watch'ful, adj. wakta uij.
"watch'man, n. waawaqyake.
"wa'ter, n. mini.
"wa'ter-ash, n. pseyapi.
"wa'terfall, n. halla ; mini

ihaha.
"wa'ter-grass, n. psa.
"wa'tering, part, as the mouth

for any thing, iskuya.
"wa'ter-melon, n. sakayutapi.
"wa'ter-potato, ». psiqciijca.
'wa"ve, n. taia ; otaza.
43

"wa"ve, V. n. as a flag, kahboka.
■W"a'ver, v. n. caijte hahayedaij

yar)ka.
"wax, n. cai)sir) ; tuhmaga ihdi.
"wax, V. n. icaga.
"way, n. dar)ku ; ocaijku : to

make way for, kiyukaij.
"W"e, pron. uijkiye ; uijkiyepi.
"weak, adj. was'ake sni ; waij-

kadai).
"weak'en, v. a. yuwas'ake sni.
"W"eak'ly, adj. wai'ake sni ; su-

ta sni.
"weak'ness, n. wawic'a^'ake sni.
"weal, n. zaniyai) uijpi.
"W"ealth, n. wiwic'azice ; woyu-

ha.
"wealth'y, adj. wiiica ; wa^eca.
"wean, v. a. aziq ehpekiya ;

azii) ayu^tar)kiya.
Aweap'on, n. wipe.
"W"ear, v. a. iq ; uij ; otoij ; ki-

^ui) : to wear out, yupota ; na-

pota ; yukuka ; ihaqgya : wear

off, as teeth, yatepa.
"W"ea'ry, adj. mdokita ; huijki-

ta ; okita.
"wea'sel, n. hitugkasaij.
"weath'er, «. cold weather, sni :

warm weather, maste.
"weave, v. a. kazoijta ; y4i)ka.
■weaving, n. kazoijtapi.
"W"ed, v. a. yuza ; tawidu tw) ;

hihna toi).
•W"ed'ding, n. kidiyuzapi.
■wedge, n. dai) idasdede.
Wednes'day, n. Ai)petu iya-

mni.
"weed, n. cai)hdohu ; wato ;

pezi.
"W"eed, V. a. wato yu^ui).
"week, n. aijpetu wakai) wa^zi ;

aripetu sakowii).
"weep, v. n. ceya ; istamnihaqpe

au : to weep for, aceya ; aki-

ceya.
"W"eigh, v. a. tke uta ; aspeyetoi).
"W"eights, n. oi) aspeyapi.
■weigh'ty, adj. tke.
■well, n. miniyowe ; minihdoka.
"well, adj. zaniyai) ; zanika.
■well, adv. taijyajj ; ayuco.
"well, intj. ito.
"well'nigh, adv. isnikaes.
"went, V. iyaya.
"W"est, n. wiyohpeyata.
"W"est'"ward, adv. wiyohpeya-

tai)har).

"Wet, adj. spaya.
"wet'ness, n. widaspaye.
"whale, n. uijktehi.
"wharf, n. tukten wahetaiupi

de.
"what, pron. taku.
"whatev'er, pron. taku kasta.
"wheat, n. aguyapi ; aguyapi

su ; aguyapi hu.
"W"heel, n. caijhdeska ; hu ;

hmihma.
"wheeze, v. n. tehiya niya.
"whelp, n. sui)hpadar).
"when, adv. tohirini ; ]{:ehaq ;

<Sehai) ; tohan ; tohantu.
■whence, adv. tokiyataijhaij.
"W"hen'soever, adv. tohantu

kasta.
■where, adv. toki ; tokiya ; tu-
kten.
"Where 'soever, adv. tokiya

kasta.
"whet, V. a. yusduta ; pasduta ;

yumai).
■wheth'er, pron. of the two,

uijma tukte.
■whet'stone, n. iyohdi ; izuza ;

ipabe.
"which, pron. uijma tukte.
"W"hile, adv. iduqhai) ; idan.
"whilst, adv. akos ; doh.
"whine, v. n. hokapsaijpsai) ia.
■W"hip, V. a. kapsiijpsirita ; ka-

staka ; kahapa.
"whip, n. idapsiqte.
"whip'-poor-"w^ill, n. pakuwi-

ska.
"W"hip'sa"w, n. dai)ibasdede

taijka.
"whirl, V. a. kaohmii).
"whirl'pool, n. miniyomni.
■whirl '"wind, n. tateiyumni.
"whis'kered, part, putii) hiq

sma.
■whis'kers, n. iyoha hii) ^ma.
"Whis'key, n. mini wakaij ; mi-
ni sida.
"whis'per, v. Hii ; azizi ; ozi-

ii.
"whis'perer, n. waaiizi s'a.
■whis'tle, n. dotaqke.
■whis'tle, v. ioio ; azoio ; ya-

zo; ziijzii).
"white, arf;'. ska; saij.
■white'-bear, n. mato.
"whi'ten, v. a. skaya ; yuska.
"white '"wash, v. a. sai)yai).
"whith'er, adv. tokiya.

win

338

ZIG

^

■wrhi'tish, adj. sai).

■whit'tle, V. a. kazipa.

■who, pron. tuwe.

■whoev'er, pron. tuwe kasta.

■whole, adj. ocowasiri.

■wholly, adv. oc'owasiij.

■whom, pi'on. tuwe.

■whor'tleherry, n. liaza.

■whose, pron. tuwe tawa.

■why, adv. tokeca.

■wick'ed, adj. ^ic'a.

•wiek'edly, adv. sicaya.

^wick'edness, n. -wic'oliar) sica.

■wide, adj. ohdakiijyar) ta^ka.

"widely, adv. otaijkaya.

■wi'den, v. a. yutaijka.

■wid'o'W, n. wiwazica.

■width, n. ohdakiijyai).

■wife, n. tawicu : my wife, mi-
tawir).

■wig', n. widapaha kagapi.

■wild, adj. itu ui) ; ikc'e.

■wil'demess, n. makoskantu.

■will, n. tawacii).

■willing, adj. wicada ; tawaten-
ya.

■willingly, adv. iye ciijka.

■willo"W, n. c'oliwaqzica ; wai-
popa.

■wilt, v. a. snisya.

■wilt'ed, adj. sniza.

■wily, adj. iwadiijksapa.

"win, V. a. ohiya ; kteda:r).

■wind, n. tate : the wind blows,
tateyaqpa : against the wind,
tatoheya : with the wind, aita-
hdalibeya.

■wind, V. a. kaksar) ; iyapehai) ;
iyapemni.

'win'do'W, n. oiaqiai) hdepi ;
owaijyeye.

■wind'pipe, n. dotehbeza.

■wind'-ward, adv. atatoha^.

■win'dy, arf;. idamna; tatehirida.

■wine, n. minisa : wine-press,
minisa iyuskide.

■wing, n. hupahu : on the wing,
auqye : to shoot on the wing,
auijye kute.

■wink, V. n. istakakpaij.

■win'no'w, v. a. kaduga.

■win'ter, n. waniyetu : last win-
ter, wanihai) : (winter on one) to
be overtaken by winter, awani-
yetu : winter-quarters, wani tipi.

■wipe, V. a. pakir)ta ; papuza.

■wis'dom, n. widoksape ; wo-
ksape.

■wise, adj. ksapa ; okiksapa ; wa-

cii)toi).
■wisely, adv. ksamya ; wadiq-

ksamya ; okiksamya.
■wish, V. a. dii) ; koi) ; daijtihe-

ya; dai)tokpani.
■wish, n. wodaijtiheye.
■wish'ful, adj. taku dig uj).
■witch, n. widahmui)ge s'a.
■with, 2>^ep. kici ; om ; opeya ;

ahna ; iyahna ; ehna.
■with'er, v. n. sniza.
■withhold', V. a. anida.
■within', prep, mahen ; mahe-

tu ; mahetar)hai)".
■without', prep, outside of, ita;)-

kan ; tai)kan : destitute of, do-

dai) ; nida.
■wit'ness, n. waayataijirj.
■wit'ness, v. a. yaotaijii) ; oyaka.
■woe, n. widokakize ; widoMce.
•wolf, n. suqktokeda.
•wo'man, n. winohigda; wiij-

yaij : an old woman, wakaijka.
■womb, n. tamni.
■won'der, n. woyusiijyeye.
■won'der, v. n. to be afraid, yu-

siriyaya.
■wont, n. ecewakta.
■woo, V. a. winohii)ca okiya.
■wood, n. cai) ; coijtaijka : to

get fire-wood, daijde.
■wood'coek, n. kaijketaijka.
■wood 'pecker, n. kagketaijka ;

toskadai).
■wood'tick, n. taskakpa.
■wool, n. tahig wanugyagpi hig.
■word, n. widoie ; oie.
■work, n. widohtani ; wicohai).
■work, V. n. htani.
■world, n. maka kig.
■worm, n. wamdudag ; wamdu-

skadai).
■worn, adj. tanika ; kuka.
wor'ry, v. a. hagiteya.
■worse, adj. sagpa iica,.
■wor'ship, V. a. ohoda ; ahopa ;

cekiya.
■worst, adj. iyotaij sida.
■worth, n. token iyopeyapi ede.
■worth'less, adj. wahtesni.
■wound, V. a. o ; kiugniya ;

ksuweya.
VTOund, n. 00.
"woimd'ed, part, taopi.
■wrap, V. a. iyapemni ; opemni ;

opazorjta ; yuskiskita ; yuwi ;

heyug ; oheyug.

■wrap'ped, part, yuwipi; he-

yuripi ; yuskiskitapi.
■wrap'per, n. obeyuij.
■wrath, n. wosihda.
■wreck, n. wata kazuiupi.
■wren, n. ptegaijnidadai).
•wrench, v. ksuweya.
■wrest, V. ki.
•wres'tle, v. kidi edoq ; kici

ihduspa.
■wring, V. a. yuskida ; kaskida.
■wrin'kle, n. yusigpi ; kaMi)-

hii) ; apiza.
■wrist, n. napoka^ke.
■write, V. a. owa ; wowapi kaga.
■writhe, v. n. pehaghai).
■wri'ting, n. owapi ; wowapi.
■wrong, adj. iica..
■wry, adj. paksiksag.

Y.

yard, n. nogiyutapi.

yam, n. wapahmugpi.

ya^wn, v. n. iyowa.

ye, pron. niyepi.

yea, adv. hag.

year, n. omaka.

yearn, v. n. wahdeda ; aze ya-

zai).
yeast, n. oi) napolyapi.
yelk, n. itkazide.
yell, n. pagpi ; iyai'api.
yell, V. n. pag ; iya^'a.
yel'lo^w, adj. zi: to dye yel-
low, ziya.
yes, adv. hag ; ho ; tos : oh

yes, ohag.
yes'terday, n. htanihag.
yet, adv. nahahig ; ehake : not

yet, nahahigke ^ni.
yield, v. idahya.
yoke, n. cag napigpi.
yoke, V. cag napigpi ohna iye-

ya.
yon'der, adv. kakiya.
you, pron. niye ; niyepi.
young, adj. askatudag wota : a

young mag, ko^ka.
yo'ung'est, adj. hakakta.
your, pron. nitawa ; nitawapi.
your'self, pron. niye l^e.
youth, n. ko&a ; ko^kigyag ;

wiko^ka.

z.

zig'zag, adj. k^agkkgyag.

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