HARVARD UNIVERSITY VEflRI LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY PROVO, UTAH (FRANKLIN S. HARRIS. President) Organized Colleges and Divisions: College of Applied Science College of Arts and Sciences College of Commerce College of Education College of Fine Arts Graduate School Extension Division Research Division Departments of Instruction: Accounting and Business Adminis- Journalism tration Landscape Architecture Agricultural Economics Library Agronomy Marketing Animal Husbandry Mathematics Art Mechanical Art Bacteriology Modern and Classical Languages Botany Music Chemistry Office Practice Economics Physical Education Educational Administration Physics Elementary Education Political Science English Philosophy of Education Finance and Banking Psychology Geology and Geography Religious Education History Secondary Education Home Economics Sociology Horticulture Zoology and Entomology For further information write: President's Office Brigham Young University Provo, Utah NCW CENTURY PRINTING CO., PROVO*^(J!;* The Great Basin Naturalist Volume II, 1 94 1 VASCO M. TANNER, Editor Published at Provo, Utah, by The Department of Zoology and Entomology OF Brigham Young University TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume II NUMBER 1 — FEBRUARY 20, 1941 Notes on the Nesting Habits of Some Mountain Dwelling Birds in Utah, C. Lynn Haywarcl 1 An Annotated List of Mammals Collected in Nuevo Leon, .Mexico, 1938, E. J. Koestner 9 A Study of the Variation in the Less Common Snakes of Utah. Wilmer W. Tanner 16 Studies in the Weevils of the Western United States No. IV : A New Species of Cimbocera, Vasco M. Tanner .... 29 Willis Stanley Blatchley, Vasco M. Tanner 33 Interesting Coleoptera Records for Utah 36 NUMBER 2 — JUNE 30, 1941 Some Nematodes of the Family Tylcnchidac Which Do Not Possess a Valvular Median Esophageal Bulb, Gerald Thorne 37 Lesser Yellow Legs. New Record for Washington County, Utah 86 The Reptiles and Amphibians of Idaho No. I. Wilmer W. Tanner 87 Gull Banding Notes at Utah Lake 98 New Species of Coleoptera from Utah. Harry P. Chandler . . 99 Painted Lady Butterfly in Migration 104 Three New Mammals (Microtus and Ochontona ) from Utah. E. R. Hall and C. L. Hay ward 105 NUMBER 3 — NOVEMBER 29, 1941 Some Observations on Amphibia At and Near Las Vegas, New Mexico, Arthur N. Bragg 109 Two New Species of Aphaenogaster ( Hymenoptera : Formi- cidae). Marion R. Smith 118 New Bird Records from Zion National Park 121 Antarctic Birds Contributed by Dr. Russell G. Frazier . . 122 NUMBER 4 — DECEMBER 31, 1941 A Bibliography of Utah Mammalog}' ; Incuding References to Names and Type Localities. (First supplement), C. Lynn Hay ward 125 A New I'^laphrus (Coleoptera. Carabidaei. \'asco M Tanner . 137 Index to \'olume II 139 II Volume II ^^tCo/^p^^N umber 1 t^ifi Zoology 'C^ MAR 14 1941 The Great Basin Naturalist February 20, 1941 TABLE OF CONTENTS Notes on the Nesting Habits of Some Mountain Dwelling Birds in Utah, C. Lynn Hayward 1 An Annotated List of Mammals Collected in Nuevo Leon, Mexi- co, 1938, E. J. Koestner 9 A Study of the Variation in the Less Common Snakes of L^^tah, Wilmer W. Tanner 16 Studies in the Weevils of the Western United States No. IV: A New Species of Cimbocera, Vasco M. Tanner .... 29 Willis Stanley Blatchley, Vasco M. Tanner 33 Interesting Coleoptera Records for Utah 36 Published at Provo, Utah, by the Department of Zoology and Entomology ot Brigham Young University The Great Basin Naturalist Vasco M. Tanner, Editor C. Lynn Hay ward, Assistant Editor A journal published four times a year by the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Manuscripts. Only original unpublished manuscripts, pertaining to the Great Basin and the Western United States in the main, will be accepted. Manuscripts are subjected to the approval of the editor. Illustrations. All illustrations should be made with a view to having them appear within the limits of the printed page. The illus- trations that form a part of an article should accompany the manu- script. All half-tones or zinc etchings to appear in this Journal are to be made under the supervision of the editor, and the cost of the cuts is to be borne by the contributor. Reprints. No reprints are furnished free of charge. A price list for reprints and an order form is sent with the proof. Subscription. The annual subscription is $1.50, (outside the United States, $2.00). Single number, 50 cents. All correspondence dealing with manuscripts, subscriptions, re- prints and other business matters should be addressed to the Editor, Great Basin Naturalist, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. lt,LLS' The Great Basin Natura Published by the Department of Zoology and Ent(jmology Brigham Young University. Provo. Utah \oLLMi- II FI-:r.RUARY 20. 1941 No. 1 NOTF.S OX THE NESTING HABITS OF SOME MOUNTAIN DWELLING lilRDS IN UTAH ^^ C. LYXN HAYWARD Assistant Professor of Zoology, Brigham Young University In the course of field work in mountainous portions of Utali during the past few years the writer has had occasion to take note of nesting activities of some of the birds of these higher elevations. These obser- vations have been made mostly on Mt. Timpanogos, Utah County, and on the west end of the Uinta Mountains, Wasatch County, at ele- vations of 7,000 feet and above. Although the material contained here- in is fragmentar}- it is hoped that it will throw some light upon a subject that is little known. Spityrapicus varius nuchalis Baird. Red-naped Sapsucker The breeding of this species occurs mostly in mature aspen woods, but a few individuals may occasionally frequent coniferous forests. On April 5, 1940 at Aspen Grove, Mt. Timpanogos. a pair was seen pre- paring for mating. The male was seen to follow the female closely from tree to tree, uttering series of sharp notes and erecting the crown feathers. No actual copulation was noted at this time. June 12, 1934 a nest was noted in a dead aspen fourteen feet from the ground at Mule Flat, two miles north of Aspen Grove. Mt. Timpanogos. Both parents were seen to carry in food. On June 21, ]9^7 two nests were noted at Aspen Grove and two at Mule Flat. Mt. Timpanogos. The}- were situated in dead aspens fifteen to twenty feet from tlie ground. In all cases voung birds could be heard in the nests. (1) Contribution No. 87, Dept. of Zoology and Entomolngx-. r.rigliani Young University. The Great Baf in Naturalist 2 C. LYNN TIAYWARD Vol. TT, No. 1 , PicoiDES TRiDACTYLUs DORSALis Baird. Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker In my studies thus far this woodpecker has been found only in the densely wooded subalpine forests of the Uinta Mountains. On July 9, 1930 a nest containing young was found at Tryol Lake, Wasatch County, elevation about 9,900 feet. This nest was located in a dead Lodgepole Pine about ten feet from the ground. A hole about two inches in diameter formed the entrance to the nest, and, extending down the center of the trunk a distance of about twelve inches below the entrance, a hollow four inches in diameter had been formed. The nest was located at the bottom of this hollow. On July 12 the female was found dead at the foot of the tree but the male continued to feed the young until July 14 when he was col- lected. At the time the male was collected the two young were re- moved from the nest and made into skins. They were both males and appeared to be about two-thirds grown (wing 82 mm. as compared to 120 mm. in the adult). July 21 of the same year another nest con- taining young and similarly constructed was located about fifteen feet up in the stump of a dead Engelmann Spruce. Empidonax hammondi (Xantus). Hammond's Flycatcher This species and Wright's Flycatcher Empidonax wrighti Baird are extremely difficult to distinguish from one another in the field and for this reason the following notes are recorded with some misgivings. Both species are found on Mt. Timpanogos, but our collections thus far indicate that E. hammondi is confined largely to aspen and conifer woods, while E. wrighti occupies chaparral. However, the two un- doubtedly occur together at least at the edges of the woods. A set of four eggs of E. hammondi was collected by James Bee at Aspen Grove, Mt. Timpanogos, June 23, 1937. The nest was located in an aspen, but details of its construction are lacking. On July 11, 1937 a pair presumably of this species was seen constructing a nest about twenty feet up on a dead limb of an aspen near the summit of Loop Road, Mt. Timpanogos. This nest was composed largely of fine plant fibers. Empidonax wrtgiiti Baird. Wright's Flycatcher The only rather positive nesting record of this species available from ni)^ notes is that of June 6, 1940 when a nest was discovered on a chaparral covered hillside directly east of Big Tree Camp, Mt. Timpanogos. This nest was situated in a small oak Quercus gamhcUii about two and a half feet from the ground. It was composed mainly of ]ilant fibers, neatly and compactly woven and was lined with a few F'eb. 20, 1941 nkstinc iiaiuts of iukos in utah 3 feathers. Uehaving in characteristic fashion the birds remained for the most part hidden in the hrusli appearinnj^ only at intervals for brief periods and occasionalh' utterinq^ sharp chiri)s of alarm. Empidonax difficili.s DiFi'K IMS I'aird. Western Flxcatclier The nesting activities of this species have been noted on Alt. Tim- panogos in the vicinit}- of Lower Falls, Aspen Grove. On Jime 26. 1937 two nests about 100 yards apart were found on tlie north-facing clififs near Lower Falls. They were situated in crevices about six feet up from the base of the clilTs. (_)ne of the nests contained four fresh eggs and the other five. In both cases there w^as water dripping over the nests and the materials of which they were composed were soaking wet. The nests were composed of fine grass covered with green moss and lichens like the surrounding rocks. The birds were extremely sh}- and it was with considerable difficulty that I was able to make the identifications. Tachycineta thalassina lepida Mearns. Violet-green Swallow This species breeds quite commonly in certain portions of mature aspen forests on Mt. Timpanogos. All of my observations were made at Mule Flat about two miles north of Aspen Grove. On June 21, 1936 John Hutchings and the writer opened up a nest in a live aspen about six feet from the ground. In spite of the noise incident to opening the nests the female refused to leave until plucked ofif by hand. The nest contained only two fresh eggs. A year later on the same date and in the same locality females were observed carrying material into holes,' and there was evidence of at least four or five nests within a half acre area. In this connection Violet-green Swallows were occasionally seen fighting with Tree Swallows over nesting sites. On July 3, 1937 a nest was opened which contained four eggs nearly ready to hatch. Iridoprocne bicolor (Vieillot). Tree Swallow The nesting habits of this species are similar to those of the Violet- green Swallow described above. The two species frequently nest in the same tree. A nest opened on July 3, 1937 at Mule Flat, contained four newly hatched young. This nest was in a dead aspen about twenty feet from the ground. However, like the Violet-green, this species frequently nests in living trees. Progne subis subis (Linnaeus). Purple Martin Like the swallows described above the Purple Martin nests in ma- ture aspen forests on Mt. Timpanogos and is often seen in company The Great Basin Naturalist 4 C. LYNN HAYWARD Vol. II, No. 1, with the swallows. At Mule Flat on June 21, 1937 we saw females leave and enter two different holes in the same trees. At this same lime males were seen to carry green aspen leaves into the nests. These leaves, we found later, were used as a lining and are apparently con- tinuously replaced by fresh ones throughout the incubation period. Ou July 3, we opened two of these nests. One situated in a partially dead aspen about thirty feet from the ground contained three newly hatched young. The other, located twenty feet up in a dearl as])en slumj) con- tained four eggs nearly ready to hatch. Hylocichla GUTTATA AUDUBONi (Ijaird). Audubon's Hermit Thrush The nests of this species have been encountered rather Ireciuently on Mt. Timpanogos. They are generally placed ratlier low in conifers, aspens, or in brush along streams and at the edges of forests. The follcjwing nesting data are available from my notes: A nest containing six fresh eggs was taken from an aspen fork twelve feet from the ground at Salamander Lake, Mt. Timpanogos, June 5, 1937. Another nest containing three newly hatched young and one unhatched egg was observed in a choke cherry bush at Aspen (irove, June 19, 1937. This nest was about three feet from the ground. The outside shell was composed of I)ark and the inner lining consisted of tine roots. Mr. R. G. Bee has supplied me witli a record of four fresh eggs taken in South Fork of Provo Canyon, June 5, 1929. On July 9, 1940 a nest containing four half-grown young was found at Big Tree Camp, Mt. Timpanogos in the top of a small white lir. five feet from the ground. On the ridge immediately to the west of Aspen Grove, a nest was found in the forks of an aspen tree six feet from the ground, June 14, 1940. It contained four eggs just in the process of hatching. MvADESTES TowNSENDi (Audubon). Towuscud's Solitaire On June 24, 1937 Mr. Merlin Kill])ack discovered a nest of this species near Lower Falls west of Aspen Grove. Mt. Timpanogos. It was situated in a niche on a cliff about seven feet up from the base. The outer shell of the nest was composed of rather large dry twigs while the inside was lined willi fnie grass. There were four well incu- bated eggs. Both the bird and the eggs were collected. Water \\;is drip])ing frf)m overhanging rocks in front of the nest l)ut ihe nest itself was dry. Another similarb' constructed nest was found on June 29 only about one hundred yards from the first one. It likewise con- tained four well incubated eggs. A third nest presumably of this species was located about six feet uj) in a small white fir at Aspen Feb. 20, 1941 nesting habits of birds in utah 5 Grove, Mt. Timpanogos, June 19, 1937. The young had left or been removed from this nest and only fragments of the shells and general structure of the nest indicated its identity. Antiius spiNOLRTTA RUBESCENS (Tunstall). American Pipit (PL I, Fig. 2) A nest containing four fresh eggs was found at Lost Lake, Uinta Mountains, June 19, 1940, elevation 9,800 feet. It was situated in a rather dry subalpine meadow. The rim of the nest was flush with the surrounding surface of the ground, and the cup was sunken into the sod to a depth of about three inches. The nest w^as lined with very line, dry grass. Even though incubation had not begun, the bird sat very close and allowed one to come within two feet or less without leaving the nest. If the observer withdrew fifty feet from the nest site, the bird would return immediately and settle on the eggs. The ])ir(l was so fearless that I was able to set up the camera within two feet of the nest and approach close enough to trip the shutter without startling her. Only one bird was seen at any time in the vicinity of I he nest. \'iRE0 GiLVUs swainsoni Baird. Western Warbling Vireo (PI. I, Fig. 5) The nesting of this species has been observed at Aspen Grove and Mule Flat on Mt. Timpanogos. My notes indicate that the birds con- fine themselves almost entirely to deciduous woods which at that alti- tude are chiefly aspens. Although vireos feed generally in the tops of the trees, the nests that we have observed have been low — generally four to eight feet from the ground. The nests were placed between two small forks well out on aspen limbs. They were composed of fine grass compactly formed, and were bound together, and to the branches, with cobwebs. At Aspen Grove a nest containing four incubating eggs was located on June 19, 1937. June 23 these eggs had hatched. An- other nest, containing four eggs, was found at Mule Flat, two miles north of Aspen Grove on June 21, 1937. When the nest was again visited on July 3 the eggs had not yet hatched. On June 6, 1940 a pair of vireos was observed constructing a nest at Big Tree Camp. Mt. Timpanogos. Dendroica auduboni memorabilis Oberholser. Rocky Mountain Audubon Warbler These warblers are found commonly in both deciduous and conif- erous woods and undoubtedly breed in both places. All of the nest- The Great Basin Naturalist 6 C. LYNN HAYWARD Vol. IT, No. 1, ing activities that we have observed, however, have been in the aspen forests. On June 21, 1937 two nests were located at Mule Flat, Mt. Timpanogos. Both were rather far out on aspen limbs and about twenty feet up from the ground. They were composed of fine plant fibers and lined with a few horsehairs and feathers. One nest con- tained four, the other five fresh eggs. On June 5, 1940 another nest was discovered on an aspen limb about fifteen feet up and next to the trunk. The female was very active about the nest and was seen to carry food to the young. A nest containing young was found near Aspen Grove on June 14, 1940. It was located in the forks of an aspen about twenty feet up. When flushed from the nest the female did a characteristic "tumbling act" and then moved excitedly about in the tree uttering sharp chirps. Young birds could be heard in the nest but no further investigation was made. Oporornis TOLMiEi (Towuseud). Alacgillivray's Warbler (PL I, Fig. 7) This species occurs rather commonly in the chaparral and forest edge on Mt. Timpanogos, but only one definite nesting record is avail- able from my notes. On June 24, 1937 Mr. Merlin Killpack discov- ered a nest in the chaparral directly east of Aspen Grove, and the site was subsequently visited by the writer. The nest was situated in a small ninebark about three feet from the ground and was loosely con- structed of dried plant stems and lined with very fine grass. It con- tained four fresh eggs on this date. The female was extremely shy and remained quietly hidden in the underbrush while the nest was being photographed. Carpodacus cassini Baird. Cassin's Purple Finch The Purple Finch occurs quite regularly throughout the wooded portion of Mt. Timpanogos and the Uintas, but only one nest has been observed. This nest was discovered at Big Tree Camp, Mt. Timpa- nogos, June 3, 1940. It was situated about a foot from the top of a slender white fir about twenty-five feet from the ground. Tt was plainly visible from below and my attention was attracted to it by a peculiar chipping sound produced by the female as she sat on tlie eggs. The only means of access to it was a nearby aspen from which the contents and something of the construction could be made out. The nest appeared quite flimsy and was composed of dried grass and other vegetation. Four eggs were in the nest at the time it was ob- served. .Sticks thrown up into the nesting tree failed to dislodge the Feb. 20, 1941 nesting habits of birds in utah 7 female, but as 1 clinibcd up the nearby aspen she left the nest and remained close at hand uttering throaty chirps. The male did not ap- pear at this time. This nest was kept under observation for about four da}S. During this time, the female only was seen to incubate the eggs. At 6:30 A.M. on June 4 the female was away from the nest, but appeared within five minutes with the male. In the vicinity of the nest the male made an unsuccessful attempt at copulation. Oberholseria chlorura (Audubon). Green-tailed Towhee (PL I, Fig. 1) This species breeds in the chaparral at lower elevations on Alt. Timpanogos. On May 22, 1937 a nest containing four fresh eggs was found on the west face of Timpanogos between Dry and Battle Creek Canyons. It was situated on the ground in a clump of stunted oak and sage and was composed of sage bark, line grass and a few horse- hairs. On June 24, 1937 another nest was discovered at Aspen Grove, Mt. Timpanogos. It was built in a dense clump of choke-cherry about two feet from the ground and contained three partially incubated eggs. JuNCO CANiCEPS (Woodhouse j . Gray-headed Junco (PI. 1, Fig. 6) The Gray-headed Junco is a common breeding bird at forest edges and in deeper woods on Mt. Timpanogos and in the Uintas. The nest is placed on the ground in a deep depression lined with tine grass. The location is often such that there is some protection from above. For example one was placed under an overhanging bank near a small stream, several have been found in the midst of stunted shrubs, an- other was placed under the end of a fallen log, and still another was built in the middle of a pile of dead conifer branches used by some camper as a bed. The following breeding records are available from my notes: Tryol Lake, Uinta Mts. July 19, 1930, nest and four fresh eggs ; Lost Lake, Uinta Mts. June 18, 1940, nest and five fresh eggs ; Lost Lake, June 19, 1940, nest and four eggs nearly ready to hatch; Lost Lake, July 18, 1940 nest and four fresh eggs; Elk Park, east end of Uinta Mountains July 28, 1937, two nests containing newly hatched young; Aspen Grove, Mt. Timpanogos, June 25, 1933, nest and four fresh eggs (R. G. Bee) ; Geyser Pass, La Sal Mts. July 17, 1934, nest containing three newly hatched young and one egg. The breeding of these j uncos appears to be less regular than most moun- tainous birds or else more than one brood is produced in a season. In July it is not uncommon to see young in all stages of growth and to find nests and eggs as indicated above. The Great Basin Naturalist 8 C. LYNN IIAYVVARD Vol. lI,No. 1, Si'iZKLLA PASSRRiNA AUizoNAE Coucs. Westcni Chipping Sparrow In tlie mountains, the nests of these common sparrows have in- evitably been found in conifers, although I have evidence that they may also nest in deciduous trees. The nests that have come under my observation have lieen placed rather low (three to ten feet from the ground ) well out on a limb and protected from above by an over- hanging branch. The nest is constructed of fine plant fibers, mostly grass, and lined with horsehairs. The following breeding records may be given at this time: Aspen Grove, Mt. Timpanogos, May 17, 1940, nest under construction; Aspen Grove, June 3, 1940, the same nest noted above contained four eggs. (When this nest was observed again on June 11, four half-grown young were there.) Big Tree Camp, Mt. Timpanogos, June 3, 1940 nest and four well incubated eggs. These eggs hatched on June 7. Aspen Grove June 13, 1937, nest containing newly hatched young; Aspen Grove, June 19, 1937 nest containing four nearly grown young; Lost Lake, Uinta Mts. July 17, 1940, nest containing four newly hatched young. This could have been a second brood. ZoNOTRJCHiA LEUCOPHRYS LEUCOPiiRYs (Forstcr). White-crowncd Sparrow (PI. I, Fig. 4) This species breeds commonly in subalpine forests on Mt. Timpa- nogos and in the Uintas. It frequents the edges of the woods and the open parks. The nests that we have discovered have been placed on the ground in a deep depression lined with fine grass. The following I)reeding records are available: Tryol Lake, Uinta Mts. July 16, 1930 nest containing two eggs; Tryol Lake, July 19, 1930, nest and four eggs, also two nests containing newly hatched young; Lost Lake, Uinta Mts. July 17, 1940, nest containing five partly incubated eggs. Melospiza lincolni lincolni (Audubon). Lincoln's Sparrow This species breeds rather commonly in swamp}- areas and along streams throughout the mountains. However, only two nests have been under observation. These were placed on the ground on grassy hummocks in boggy ground. Both nests were discovered June 20, 1937 at Camp Timpooneke, Mt. Timpanogos. They were deep depressions in the sod lined with fine dry grass and sedges. One contained four, the other two fresh eggs. Nesting Hsbits of Mt BirJs ByC.L.Hsywury Fi^. 1. 0 berho/seri<5 chloi- UTd :mm ZonotrichicT /. leucophrys Fi^S. Vircoa. s^dinsoni Fi-^.6 Jwnco Cdn/ceps Pig. 7. Opor-oimis to/ryiiei PLATE I AN ANNOTATED LIST OF MAMMALS COLLECTED IN NUEVO LEON, MEXICO, IN 1938") E. J. KOESTNER University of Illinois The writer spent the summer of 1938 maknig an ecological study on the 3800 meter (12,500 ft.) mountain, Cerro Potosi, located about 65 kilometers (40 miles) west of Linares in the Municipio de Galeana, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The study was primarily one of the animal communities of the upper regions of this mountain which is the high- est point of the Sierra Madre Occidental range. The communities studied in detail were in the following cover types: (1) alpine grass- land. (2) scrub piiion pine (an undescribed species), and (3) pine forest (Pinus Montczumac Lindl. var. Hartzuegii Engelm.). Muller (1937, 1939) has given accounts of the vegetation of the area. The results of the main portion of this investigation will appear elsewhere. The mammals were also collected in places other than the areas named, and in view of the limited data available on distribution of Mexican mammals in general, it is deemed pertinent that there be given an annotated list of all mammals taken. All localities were taken from maps issued by the Departamento Geografico, Departa- mento Forestal y de Caza y Pesca, Mexico, D. F. A number of skins was secured from natives from which data were lacking or unre- liable so that identifications were not feasible. Among these were bear, raccoon, coyote, mountain lion, and bobcat. Tracks and other signs of all these were also seen but no specimens secured. The list follows that of Miller (1924) with both scientific and common names given. The majority of the specimens are deposited in the Field Mu- seum of Natural History. The writer wishes to express his appreciation to Dr. C. C. San- born of the Field Museum of Natural History and Dr. E. A. Goldman of the Biological Survey for identification of the mammals. He is also indebted to Senor Juan Zinzer, Departamento Forestal y de Caza Pesca, Mexico, D. F., for permission to collect in Mexico. (1) Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Illi- nois, No. 567. The Great Basin Naturalist 10 E. J. KOESTNER Vol. II, No. 1, SoREX EMARGiNATus Jackson. Zacatccas Shrew Locality: Cerro Potosi, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat : Scrub pinon pine. This supposedly rare shrew was taken only in the scrub pine at about 12,000 feet altitude. The fact that five specimens were taken in an area .07 hectare (.18 acre) in eight days indicates that the animal is abundant in the habitat in which it occurs. Jackson (1928) states that it is known only from Sierra Madre near Bolanos, Jalisco, and Plateado, Zacatecas, Mexico, thus a considerable extension of its range is established. A female taken on July 6 showed evidence of having suckled young. Because of the small size of this shrew two specimens were caught by the tail, the guillotine trap having cleared the rest of the animal. They were dead in both cases, probably due to shock and lack of food. Measurements for the five specimens are given in millimeters in the following respective order: total length, tail length, and hind foot. 5 94 - 38 - 12 ; S 103 - 44 - 12 ; 9 100.5 - 42 - 11; 9 95 - 42 - 11; 9 91 - 42 - 11. Leptonycteris nivalis (Saussure). Leaf-nosed bat. "Murcielago". Locality : Cerro Potosi, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat : Cave. More than a hundred specimens of this species were taken from an abandoned mine near La Joha, (altitude 11,500 ft.) by means of paddles with which they were swatted down as they flew. The mine harbored at least 10,000 bats, all of this species. There was no evi- dence of the supposed ability of bats to dodge objects as the number collected was secured in a very short time. It is interesting to note that, although. the bats spent the day in this cave, none were observed flying at night at these altitudes. The absence of night-flying insects probably compels them to feed at lower altitudes where bats of un- determined species were seen frequently at night. Epte.sicus fuscus (Beauvois). Big brown bat. "Murcielago". Locality : La Placeta, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat : Deciduous forest. One specimen was taken under bark of a rotten stump in oak forest at 9,000 ft. altitude on August 16. Bats were observed flying at this and lower altitudes. Conepatus pediculus Merriam. Hog-nosed skunk. "Zorilla". Locality : San Juan, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Feb. 20, 1941 mammals collected in Mexico 11 Habitat : Chaparral. One specimen was found after having been killed by natives, but was in too poor a condition for preservation. It was common in this region. CiTELLUS variegatus couchii (Baird). Couch's rock squirrel. "Tusa". Locality: Ojo de Agua, San Francisco, and Galeana, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat: Rocky clififs and chaparral. These ground squirrels were found to be very abundant in the cliffs and dry regions of the lower altitudes (5,500 ft.). All those observed were totally or partially melanistic. Although a ground squir- rel, they frequently climb small trees and give forth their chattering call. They are much detested by the natives since their great abun- dance exerts havoc on their small corn fields. These animals are quite edible, being equal or superior to regular tree squirrels in quality. Cynomys MEXICAN us Mcrriam. Mexican prairie dog. Locality : San Juan and Potosi, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat : Desert prairie. One specimen was taken at S. Juan where the animals were very numerous. Holes occurred every 25 feet on the average. Although the writer did not visit the place, their presence is also established in the valley of Potosi as substantiated by the natives and a skull brought from there. SciURUS ALLENi Nclsou. Grey squirrel. "Ardilla". Locality: Ojo de Agua and Cerro Potosi, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat : Pine and deciduous forest. This squirrel was found ranging throughout the forests, both de- ciduous and coniferous, occurring from the lower elevations to the limit of trees on Cerro Potosi. Thomomys spp. Pocket gopher. Locality: Cerro Potosi and Ojo de Agua, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat : Pine forest and cultivated fields. Of two species of pocket gophers (undetermined because of insuffi- cient material), one taken at the upper limits of pine on Cerro Potosi (11,000 ft.) was a greyish color. The other taken at Ojo de Agua The Great Basin Xaturalisr 12 i:. .1. KoKSTNKk Vol. rr.No. 1, was i3lack. The 'pocket' of the latter contained several wheat straws and some . Ii>iaraiiflius or pi,!4' weed leaves. J.ioMYs iRRORATUs alli:ni (Coues). Allen spiny pocket mouse. "Raton". Locality : Ojo de Agua and San Francisco, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat : Rocky valley. Two specimens were taken, one caught by a boy in a native house during the day. The other, a female, was taken in a trap in a rocky valley near Ojo de Agua and had five early stage embryos. Reithrodontomys fulvescens tenuis Allen. Mexican harvest mouse. "Raton". Locality: Ojo de Agua, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat : Chaparral. The only record for this species is in the higher areas of this valley. The specimen was taken by native boys while collecting lizards. Peromy.scus manicl'latl's labecula Elliot. White-footed mouse. "Raton". Locality : Cerro Potosi, Cieneguillas, and Ojo de Agua, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat: Alpine grassland, scrub pinon pine, pine forest, and chap- arral. This was the most abundant animal encountered. It occurred in all types of habitat found and ranged to the highest peak of Cerro Potosi. It was also frequently found in native houses along with other species. Shells of the snail, Humboldtiaua fortis Pilsbry, broken open on the side were found in places which indicated this species as well as Microius mcxicaniis fed on them. Although P. ma)iicnlatits labecula occurred in the same areas with AI. mexicanus, and both in large numbers, their general activity periods alternated which enabled them to occupy the same areas with a minimum of competition be- tween the species. M. mexicanus was most active during the day while P. maniculatus labecula was most active at night. Peromyscus boylii levipes (Merriam). White-footed mouse. "Raton". Locality : Near Hacienda Villa Hermosa, Municipio Villa de San- tiago, N. L. Habitat : Pine forest, scrub oak. Feb. 20, 1941 mammals collected in Mexico 13 Only four specimens were taken, three in a pine forest not far from Monterrey. These were taken on a passing trip so that little is known of their abundance. Another was taken in scrub oak. They are well represented in collections from this and other mountainous regions. Peromyscus DiFFiciLis (Allen). White-footed mouse. "Raton". Locality : Cerro Potosi and Ojo de Agua, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat : Scrub pifion pine, pine forest, chaparral. This large mouse was conspicuous because of its size although compared to others was much less abundant, there being 20 Peromy- scus maniculatis labecula to ever\- P. difficilis. It was taken in the same variety of habitats as P. iiioiiictilatus labecula and was a more serious pest in native houses than others, probably because of its size. The walls of the adobe houses were a maze of tunnels made by this species. Nkotoma albigula leucodon Merriam. White-toothed wood rat. "Rata". Locality: Ojo de Agua. Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat : Rocky cliffs near cultivated areas. The white-toothed wood rat was taken in the rock}- valley and seen frequently around camp and near structures of a saw mill, since they were active during the day as well as at night. MiCROTUS MEXICAN I's ( De SaussureL Mexican vole. "Raton". Locality : Cerro Potosi, Cieneguillas, and Ojo de Agua, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat : Alpine grassland, scrub pifion pine, chaparral. The Mexican meadow mouse is another widespread species in die area of most intensive study and reaches its greatest abundance in the treeless areas although it is found in both pine forest and chaparral. The runways of this species as in others of the genus Microfiis, are frec[uently lined with leaves of plants used as food. Examination of such remains under one log where a live Microtus iiiexicairus was taken showed the following: Seeds and green leaves of Lupinus montanns HP)K, green leaves of Senecio scalaris Greene, seed coverings of seeds from scrul) pifion pine (an undescribed spe- cies), and seeds and male cones from Puuis Montezuuiae. Remains of The Great Basin Naturalist 14 i:. J. KOESTNEk Vol. II, No. 1, shells of the snail, Hnmholdtiana fortis, with openings cut in them indicated that this species as well as Peromyscus maniculatus labecula fed on it. The vole occurred in colonies, especially in the alpine grass- land. A yellow composite grew abundantly in these areas indicating a definite relationship between the plant and this small mammal. Clark's Nutcracker. Nucifraga coluinhiaiia (Wilson), was oliserved once to fly down during midday and catch a M. mexicanus. The bird flew to a tall pine tree where it shook the vole several times, then rested a few moments and flew away with the animal still kicking in its beak. (Koestner and Schneider, 1940). Mus MUscuLus L. House mouse. "Raton". Locality : Ojo de Agua, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat : House. The house mouse was a constant pest to the natives in adobe houses and many specimens were brought in by them. Strangely enough, none were taken in any of the outdoor sets. Sylvilagus floridanus chapmani (Allen). Texas cottontail. "Conejo". Locality : Cerro Potosi and Cieneguillas, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat: Alpine grassland, scrub pifion pine, chaparral. This cottontail was taken from the peak of Cerro Potosi as well as lower down occurring in all types of cover of the mountain. Its greatest abundance, as would be expected, was reached in the chap- arral. Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis Goldman & Kellogg. Miquihuana white-tailed deer. "Venado". Locality : Cerro Potosi, Municipio de Galeana, N. L. Habitat: Pine forest, scrub pifion pine. A specimen of this newly described subspecies (Goldman & Kell- ogg 1940) was taken on July 2, and had horns in the velvet. The deer were found to range through the pine forest and scrub pine areas and in early morning and evening would venture out into the alpine meadow to graze, or browse on an occasional scrub near the edge. They occurred at altitudes from 11,000 to 12,500 feet. Although the deer are protected by game laws in Mexico, the natives take them frequently for food. One native showed skins of two unborn fawns that he had taken from a deer killed in Tunc. The deer were abun- Feb. 20, 1941 mammals collected in Mexico 15 dant on the mountain usually seen in small groups of two to five, although one morning I counted twelve in one herd. LITERATURE CITED Goldman, E. A. and Remington Kellogg 1940. Ten new white-tailed deer from North and Middle Ameri- ca. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 53:81-90. Jackson, Hartley H. T. 1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews. N. A. Fauna 51. Koestner, E. J. and Richard A. Schneider 1940. Notes on the snail Humholdtiana fords Pilsbry. Nautilus 54:47-49. Miller, Gerrit S., Jr. 1924. List of North American recent mammals. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 128. Muller, Cornelius H. 1937. Plants as indicators of climate in northeastern Mexico. Am. Midi. Nat. 18:986-1000. 1939. Relations of the vegetation and climatic types in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Am. Midi. Nat. 21 :687-729. A STUDY OF THE VARIATION IN THE LESS COMMON SNAKES OF UTAH") WILMER W. TANNER In charge of Biological Science Prove High School, Provo, Utah INTRODUCTION Among the snakes of Utah are a number of species which have been considered as being rare, and were until recent years represented in collections by only a few specimens. Of the 24 species of snakes listed for Utah, 12 species are represented by comparatively few speci- mens. One species, Arizona elegans occidentalis, for example is rep- resented by only two specimens, which were collected in the vicinity of St. George, Utah. Some of the other less common species have, however, been greatly added too during the last few years by careful collecting. The large numbers of snakes that have been collected by the vari- ous institutions and collectors, has made it possible to further study the distribution and morphological variations of certain species. The materials used in this report came from the following sources : Brigham Young University, labeled B.Y.U. ; Zion Canyon National Park, labeled Z.C.N. P. and the University of Utah, labeled U. of U. I am also grateful to Mr. L. M. Klauber for information concerning one specimen of Lyre snake now in the University of California at Los Angeles. I am grateful to Mr. Russell K. Grater for the speci- mens from Zion Canyon. Many of the notes have come from Dr. Vasco M. Tanner and Dr. D. E. Beck. For these and other courtesies 1 am grateful. This study of the scale variation of the less common snakes of Utah is based upon specimens which have been collected within the past fifteen years. (1) Contribution No. 89, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigliam Young University. 16 Feb. 20, 1941 VARIATION IN SNAKES OF UTAH 17 DiADOPHis KKCALis KE(-.ALis ( IJaird & Giranl ) Measurements and Scale Variations BYU USAC ZCNP ZCNP UofU UofU UofU UofU ZCNP Number 2701 75 69 2006 1213 639 804 23 Sex F F F F M M M M Scale Row 17-15 17-15 17-15 17-15 17-15 17-15 17-15 17-15 17-1 Gastrosteges 229 226 229 223 208 215 224 223 210 Urosteges 71 64 7}. 82 72 7}\ 60 + 81 7"' Supralabials 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 Infralabials 8-8 7-8 8-8 8-8 8-8 8-8 8-8 8-8 8-8 Preoculars 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 Postoculars 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 Lo reals . 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 Temporals 1-2 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-1 1-2 1-2 1-1 1-2 1-2 7'otal Lengtli 201 526 726 306 448 360 638 380 510 Tail Len.i^^tb 34 90 124 62 84 86 104 110 107 Ratio .169 .171 .171 .202 .193 .239 ;- .289 .210 PiBLisiiED Records: Zion National Park (Tanner 1927 \). 26) (A. M. Woodbury 1931 p. 69) (Presnall 1937 p. 232) (W. W. Tanner 1940 p. 14n ; Springdale (A. M. Woodbury 1931 p. 69) ; Pine Valley (Hardy 1939 p. 83) ; Circleville (W. W. Tanner 1940 p. 141) ; Deej) Creek Mts. (Knowlton & Thomas 1935 p. 264) ( W. W. Tanner 1940 p. 141) Utah; and Preston, Idaho (W. W. Tanner 1940 p. 141). New Records: Pole Canyon near Cedar Fort, Ut. Co., U. of U. No. 2006 (H. W. Setzer & D. M. Woodbury, Colls.). Birch Creek Canyon, Juab Co.. U. of U. No. 1213 (S. Flowers, Coll.). Remarks: At the present writing I am aware of 15 specimens of this species from the Utah area, with a great percentage of them coming from Washington County. From the distribution records now available it becomes quite evident that this snake should be found throughout Utah, wherever a suitable habitat can be found. Records would indicate that this species inhabits the Oak, Juniper, Pinyon-Pine Belts of our foot hills. 5000 ft., and up to the Aspen-Fir Belt at an elevation of 7000 ft. In Southern Utah it has been taken as low as The Great Basin Naturalist 18 WILMER W. TANNER Vol.ll, No.l, 4045 ft. IjcCcIusc of its secretive habits few specimens are seen or collected. Dr. D. E. Beck collected a specimen from under a pine log at the camp ground in Pine Valley, Washington County. Ross Hardy collecting in the same area found four specimens under rocks in the Oak brush. Mr. M. V. Walker collected a specimen in Oak Creek, Zion National Park during the afternoon. The snake was feed- ing on a small Pituophis c. dcscrticola. From the information available it appears that this species spends much of its time in secluded places. More collecting may provide an answer to the limits of distribution of this species. Dr. 11. J. Pack listed a specimen for St. George, Washington County, Utah. The general belief that this species is oviparous can now i)e con- lirnied. A large specimen from Zion Canyon National Park No. 7h contained 5 eggs, which averaged 19.24 mm. long and 7.2 mm. wide. The two largest eggs were located in the posterior portion of the body and measured in length 24.5 and 26.3 mm. respectively. The smallest measured 13.5 mm. and was the anterior egg. The two middle eggs were intermediate in size measuring 16 mm. each. In none of the eggs was there any indication of a developing embryo. The fact that this specimen was collected in May and contained two apparently fully developed eggs would lead us to believe that some of the eggs are deposited in late spring or early summer. The size of the above sijecimen is also ncjleworthy, it measured 726 mm. long and has a head width of 9.8 mm. and a body circum- ference at the middle of 36 mm. This 1 believe is the largest speci- men of this species reported for Utah. Salvadora graiiamiae hexalepis (Cope) Measurements and Scale X'ariations B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. Z.C.N. P. Number 214 1097 2880 24 Se.x F F F F Scale Rows 19-17-13 17-17-13 19-17-13 19-17-13 Gastrosteges 198 200 191 198 Urosteges 81 80 66 . 81 Supralabials 9-9 9-9 9-9 9-9 Infralabials 10-10 10-10 10-10 10-10 Feb. 20, 1941 VAKIATIOiN IX sxAKil:^; of' (TAH Preoculars 3-3 ?>^^ 2-2 Postoculars 2-3 2-3 2-2 2^2 Loreal 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 Temporals 2-3 2-1-3 2-3-3 2-2-3 Total length 693 528 650 737^ Tail length 158 119 broken 169 19 *This specimen was reported by the writer in the Great Basin Naturalist, Vol. I, No. 3-4, p. 142, 1940, to be 705 mm. long ; this was a misprint and is now- corrected. PuBLi.sFiED Records: St. George (Pack 1930 p. 6) (Tanner 1935 p. 268) Woodbury 1931 p. 82) ; Cottonwood Canyon (Van Den- burgh 1922 p. 691) ; Four miles Northwest of Santa Clara (Hardy 1939 p. 83) ; Zion Canyon National Park (W. W. Tanner 1940 p. 142). Remarics : The scale formulas and measurements are well within the limits set up by C. M. Bogert, in his report, "A Study of the Genus .Salvadora." The color pattern suggests that the Utah specimens may vary slightly, or be allied to those specimens of the Grand Canyon area. Four specimens before me all have dark brown bars, extending from the ventrals dorsall}'. In two specimens the bars invade the dorsal stripe. In one specimen (B.Y.U. No. 214) some of the bars become continuous across the back, others so constrict the dorsal stripe as to leave only one or a fraction of a scale light colored. While this extreme does not carry into all the Utah specimens, they are all distinctly bared. The habits and habitats of this species are not known to the writer. Specimens have been taken while burrowing in the sand, (Pack 1930) ; under rocks along the creek (Hardy 1939) and on a lawn which is surrounded by sand and boulders and desert plants, (Zion Canyon, W. W. Tanner 1940). Dr. D. E. Beck collected a specimen northeast of Santa Clara on the rocky hillside. Mr. Bogert indicates that their food consists mostly of lizards, however, other forms such as small mammals, snakes, etc. may form a part of their diet. Lampropeltis pyromelana (Cope) Measurement.s and Scale Variations B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. U. of U. U. of U. Number 304 322 634 825 940 Sex M M F F M The Great Basin Naturalist 20 WILMER \V. TANNER Vol. IL ,No. 1, Scale Rows 23 -23-19 23 -23-19 23 -23-1/ 23-23-17 23 -23-19 Gastrosteges 222 222 226 223 225 Urosteges 76 50 75 71 79 vSupralabials 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 Infralabials 9-9 9-9 8-8 9-9 9-9 Preoculars 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 Postoculars 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 Loreal 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-1 Temporals 3-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 3-4 2-3 2-3 2-3 3-4 Total length 857 905 282 552 805 Tail length 156 121* 47 100 148 White rings body 38 38 44 White rings tail 12 74 12 *Tip of tail missing. PuBLLSHED RECORDS : Granger, Salt Lake Co., Beaver Canyon, Beaver Co., (Van Denburgh 1922 p. 747) (Pack 1930 p. 14) (Wood- bury 1931 p. 91) ; New Harmony, Washington Co., (Tanner 1928 p. 49) (Woodbury 1931 p. 91); and Kolob Mountains (Woodbury 1931 p 91). New Records : Wallsburg, Wasatch Co., Brigham Young Uni- versity No. 322; Pine Valley, Washington Co., University of Utah Nos. 825 and 940; and Santa Clara, Washington County, Utah. The specimen listed for Santa Clara was undoubtedly collected at a higher elevation, and brought into Santa Clara. It was later given to Dr. D. E. Beck. Remarks : With the exception of the Granger record it appears that this species lives in or very near the mountains. It is interesting to note its occurrence in the Wasatch Mountains, as well as the high plateaus from the Pine Valley Mountains north. The writer is aware of no information on the habits of this snake. I'\-l.. 20, 1941 VARIATION IN SNAKES OF UTAH 21 D ON % '7 -^ t^ X On eg CO o C , 3 >h' 00 re CO ^ 1 1 1 1 lO X CO , 1 CO rvi X ON rg u-i m r^ ;:j -^ ^— H ^7 X —1 t\ X CM eg CO ^ NO CO X fO S *— ' 00 lO 1 1 1 1 1 CO X CM CO rvj '-" 1^ X ^ CM CM uo CM 00 P O "-^ »-0 X r-x ON On] ro CO r^ ON o X >>' (NJ t^H "—I 00 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 CO '^ CO in CNJ *— 1 t^ On 1 — ( 1— • (NJ CO m ON D 00 vO t^ XN. ^ CM CO t^ X ^ o >h' t^ ^, ^^ 00 '^ 1 1 1 X X CO CM ^1 >— ' r-^ X •—I CnJ LT) ^ CQ CM u On :5 On ON o c t^ ON CM CO CO vO On tx o fi^ 00 ^ 1 1 ON 1 1 CM CO LO I^ CM =a C^l V ;j CO o CM r-- X •^ CO LO fv. LO r>-. >H fe f^j 00 o . 1 1 1 1 LO s CM ra (VJ ""^ i^ X '"' (NJ LO ~~-^ r^i (/3 p ro fe t^ ON o i^ X CM CM CO (M , t^ t^ O ^^ t^ -* 1 1 1 1 1 (N CO CM H ^ <^\ >— 1 w X (M ro fc ,-H 00 '^ 1 1 1 1 O CO CM D CO (^1 »— 1 t^ X (M ^ CO fe <^i 00 ^ 1 oi 1 1 O CM CO CO •5 CQ '^i D •J. o rN iSi !_ H ;:j (T) tn 'T' 00 rg r^ ^ CM CO l^ o CO NO C — < >^' fO — ' 00 'i- 1 1 1 ON t-^ CM .1 ^ ro Cn Cu < O t. 1- 1 X 1 CM i CO 1 LO O On CM O CO r^ "rt -^ < ""^ r^ X '"' (N CM _n in CN t3 Q P OO v <-o ~ r^ X _ CO X LO In. X ^> >h" 0\ fe 00 ^ 1 1 1 1 LO CO rg "5 < rO T— < t^ X y—i CNJ CM c ffi IN s X og H •— < Z ' CN OS c r-^ i-O T CO ^ 1^ X CM CO CM On X NO « S ^ Ph X 't . 1 .i^ 1 1 O CO CM -o tt rg rvJ w X (NJ (N -. ^ .?. ^ -7^. 3 rt :£ " " X Si i£ (jj rt i5 u o "rt rt u JS a 3 g D ^_ o c C/^ 1— 1 o H I ^"^ J i ct _ fcJO bjC H H S S The Great Basin Naturalist 22 WlLMEk W. TANNER Vol. Il,No. 1, ruuLisiiED Records: Cedar City Canyon (Van Denburgh 1922 p. 745) (Pack 1930 p. 14); Provo (Van Denburgh 1922 p. 745) (Tanner 1928 p. 27) (Pack 1930 p. 14) ; Salt Lake, Tooele Valley, Moroni, Bountiful, and Vernal (A. M. Woodbury 1931 p. 93) ; 8 miles South of Price (Hardy 1939) ; Alpine, Lehi, and Mt. Pleasant (W. W. Tanner 1940 p. 143). New Records : Plobble Creek Canyon, 3 miles East of Thistle, Cedar Valley and Spanish Fork, Utah County; Neola, Duchesne County; Pine Valley, Washington County; Fillmore. Millard County; Helper, Carbon County, Utah. Remarks: A number of Lamprupcltis f. ycutilis captured in Utah County have been observed in the laboratory for several weeks at a time, but as yet feeding has not been observed. Two specimens B.Y.U. No. 2718 collected at Lehi by Harold Hutchings April 30, 1939, and No. 2924, collected in Hobble Creek Canyon by C.C.C. boys, Aug. 1940, contained adult lizards, Sc do poms g. graciosus. The color pattern of this species is quite variable, ranging from a predominance of red to a predominance of black. Specimen B.Y.U. No. 520, collected in Hobble Creek Canyon 1937, has 33 complete red bands ranging from 2-6 scales in width at the dorsal. In this speci- men the black bands, anterior to the tail, do not contact each other, either ventrally or dorsally. A second specimen B.Y.U. No. 2756 col- lected in Alpine, 1939, has only 5 complete red bands and these are only 1-2 scales wide at the dorsal. The black bands are all in contact on the ventral. The white band- — and I have seen no Utah specimens with a yellow band as suggested by other writers — averaged 2 scales wide. The head is black with flecks of red or white or both on the frontal, prefrontals and internasals. In some specimens, B.Y.LT. No. 2924 for example, the entire head is flecked with red and white. The labials are often white margined with black, and the first white ring usually, but not always, involves the tips of the parietals. The distribution of this species appears to be state wide, although much collecting must be done to varify this belief. Several specimens of this snake have been collected during its hi- bernation and it seems noteworthy to report them at this time. ( )n(.' specimen collected in Cedar Valley Dec. 10, 1940, was taken while digging holes for power line poles. The snake was found in sandy soil 4 feet from the surface. A second specimen was taken from a gravel ])it near Helper, Utah, December 15, 1940, by Lester Winters, who gave the specimen to Mr. Horace Richards of Price Junior Feb. 20, 1941 VARIATION in snakes of UTAH 23 College. Mr. Richards deposited the specimen in the Brigham Young University Collection. This specimen was 6 feet under ground. An- other specimen was taken from a gravel pit near Mt. Pleasant, Utah. RiiiNOCHEiLUS LECONTEi Baird & Girard Measurements and Scale Variations B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. U. of U. B.Y.U. Avera-c Number 1322 2863 213 2931 2036 1162 Sex M M F F F F Scale Rows 23-23-19 23-23-19 23-23-19 23-23-19 23-23-19 23-23-19 Gastrosteges 202 205 207 199 197 197 201.6 Urosteges 53 53 50 46 43 46 47 vSupralabials 8-9 8-8 8-8 8-8 9-9 8-8 Infralabials 9-9 8-8 9-9 8-8 9-9 8-8 Preoculars 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 Postoculars 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 Loreal 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 Temporals 2-4 2-3 2-3 1-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 Total length 161 347 328 234 648 278 Tail length 94 50 45 32 79 36 Spots body 30 25 32 32 23 31 27.8 Spots tail 11 10 11 10 11 8 10.2 Published Records: St. George (Van Denburgh 1922 p. 776) (Tanner 1927 p. 57) (Pack 1930 p. 7) (Woodbury 1931 p. 94) (Tan- ner 1936 p. 269) ; Veyo (Hardy 1939), Washington County; White Valley, Millard County, (W. W. Tanner 1940 p. 143). New Record: Fillmore, Millard County, Utah. Summer 1940. Remarks : Before the distribution of this species can be deter- mined considerable more collecting must be done in western Utah and eastern Nevada. The published records suggest that its distribu- tion extends from southern Utah to southern Idaho. Almost nothing is known regarding the habits of these snakes. Specimens have been taken in the evening as they were moving from 24 WILMEK \V. TAiXNEk The Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 11, No. 1, one desert shrub to another. One specimen at St. Georj^^e was taken in a cemetery by the sexton while digging a grave. The numbers of undivided caudal plates varies greatly in the Utah specimens, six specimens range from 14 to 47 undivided plates Two California specimens varied from 14 to 51. Thamnophi.s eques (Reuss) Measurements and Scale Variation.s B.Y.U. B.Y.r. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. Number 211 1093 109.S 259 1176 1094 212 Sex F F F F F M M Scale Rows 1<^-19-17 19-19-17 Ii)-19-17 1 2-2 3-2 3-3 Postoculars 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-3 3-3 Loreals 2-1 2-2 2-2 2-2 3-3 Temporals 3-4 3-A 3-5 3-4 3-4 Total lengtli 657 359 611 296 756 Tail length 101 59 102 50 116 Spots on body 31 30 28 32 31 30.14 Spots on tail 12 15 14 16 13 14 Published Records: Springdale, (Zion Canyon) (Woodbury 1931 p. 106) Zion Canyon National Park, (Klauber 1940) (W. W. Tanner 1940 p. 145) St. George, Washington County, Utah (V. M. Tanner 1935 p. 269) (W. W. Tanner 1940 p. 145). Remarks : Collecting in Utah has produced to date five speci- mens of the Lyre Snake, all coming from the Lower Sonoran life zone, or areas very closely associated with an connected to it. Just why this species is rarely collected is not known. We surmise that it is on the northern fringe of its range or that its habits are so secre- tive as to make its capture extremely difficult. Two specimens were collected by Dr. D. E. Beck at the base of the Sugar Loaf hill, St. George, Utah. One specimen had crowded between two flakes of a large rock and the other was found in the soil underneath the same rock. A third specimen collected by Dr. V. M. Tanner was found under a rock on the Sugar Loaf. The fourth specimen was found on the road by Dr. Beck. The Great Basin Naturalist 26 uilmi:k \v. tanner Vol. II, No. 1, The liabits of this snake are not well known. They are known, however, to feed on lizards (Woodbury 1931). Dr. Van Denburgh reported a specimen which contained 16 eggs. No infcjrmation can be added from the specimens which I have studied. An examination of the four specimens at my disposal, provides the following additional scale variations : The frontal is not in con- tact with the preoculars in either of the specimens. The scales be- tween the nearest ventral and infralabial, range from 6 to 7 scales. It is interesting to note that the two extremes in the caudals for fe- males exist in Utah specimens, 63 to 78 scales. Equally interesting is the low ventral count of 218 in the single Utah male specimen. The body scales are smooth and imbricate, and the anal is divided in all Utah specimens. The color pattern while variable, is in the main gray with medium brown blotches. Tantilla uTANENSis Blanchard Measurements and Scale Variations B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. B.Y.U. Number 310 1240 1571 1518 1553 180 2878 2332 Sex M F F M M W F F Scale Rows 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Gastrosteges 154 174 170 157 158 157 167 169 Urosteges 26 62 63 66 68 * 00 60 Supralabials 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 Infralabials 6-6 6-6 6-6 6-6 6-6 6-6 6-6 6-6 Preoculars 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 Postoculars 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 Temporals 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 Total length 214 167 215 270 242 137 141 Tail length * 37 50 72 61 * 28 27 Published Records: St. George (Van Denburgh 1922 p. 880) (V. M. Tanner 1927 p. 57) (Pack 1930 p. 10) (Woodbury 1931 p. 108) (V. M. Tanner 1935 p. 269) (Blanchard 1938 p. 372) ; Virgin Mountain (M. Woodbury 1931 p. 108) ; and Schwitz Indian Reserva- tion, Washington Co., Utah (W. W. Tanner 1940 p. 145). Feb. 20, 1941 variation in snakes of utah ••27 Remarks: In 1938 a post humous paper b\- Dr. Frank N. Blanch- ard was published in which he described the Utah Taiitilla, and gave to it the name of Taiitilla iitahcnsis, and St. George, Washington Co., Utah was designated as the type localit}-. In previous reports the Utah Taiitilla had been referred to as T. iiigriccps or T. nigriccps ciseni. During Dr. lUanchard's visit at Rrigham Young University in De- cember 1935, many specimens were studied by him, five of which were loaned to him at that time. These five specimens are referred to as the " Beck Collection," and are designated as paratypes. These speci- mens are still at the University of Michigan. Specimen No. 310 (2274) is the only paratype specimen in the Brigham Young University Collection although we have 5 specimens, Nos. 1240, 1571, 1553. 1518, and 1800 that are topotypes. HIIJLTOGRAPHY Blanch ARD, Frank N. 1923. Comments on the Ring-neck Snakes (genus Diadophis), with diagnosis of new forms. Univ. Mich., Occasional Paper, Alus. Zook, 142: 1-9. 1938. Snakes of the Genus Tantilla in the United States. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zook Ser., 20: 369-376. BOGERT, C. M. 1939. A study of the Genus Salvadora, the Patch-nosed Snakes. Pubk Univ. Calif, at Los Angeles in Biol. Sci., Vol. I, No. 10, pp. 177-236, pis. 3-7, figs, in text, 2 maps. Hardy, Ross 1938. An Annotated List of Reptiles and Amphibians of Carbon County, Utah. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Vol. 15, pp. 99-102. 1939. Some Notes on Utah Reptiles. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Vol. 16, p. 83. Klauber, L. M. 1940. The Lyre Snakes (Genus Trimorphodon) of the United States. Trans, of the San Diego Soc. of Nat. Hist.. Vol. IX, No. 19, pp. 163-194, plate 7, map. Knowlton, G. F. and W. L. Thomas 1935. Insect food of Troutcreek Lizards. Proc. Ut. Acad, of Sci., Arts & Letters, Vol. 12, pp. 263-64. Pack, Herbert J. 1930. Snakes of Utah. Compiled by G. F. Knowlton. Utah Agr. Exp. Station, Bull. No. 221. The Great Basin Naturalist 28 WILMER \V. TANNER Vol. II, No. 1, Presnell, C. C. 1937. Herpetological Notes from Zion National Park. Copiea, No. 4. December, p. 232. RuTHVEN, Alexander G. 1908. Variations and Genetic Relationships of the Garter-Snakes. Smithsonian Inst. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 61. Tanner, Vasco M. 1927. Distribution List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Utah, No. 1. Copeia No. 163, pp. 54-58. 1928. Distributional List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of L'tah, No. 2, Copeia No. 166, pp. 23-28. 1929. Distributional List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Utah, No. 3, Copeia No. 171, pp. 46-52. 1935. Western Worm-Snake, Siayoitodoii huniUis (Baird & Gi- rard) Found in LUah. Proc. Utah. Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters, Vol. XII, pp. 267-270. Tanner, Wilmer W. 1939. Reptiles of Utah County. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters, Vol. XVI, p. 105. 1940. Notes on the Herpetological Specimens Added to the Brig- ham Young University Vertebrate Collection During 1939. The Great Basin Naturalist, Vol. I, Nos. 3, 4. pp. 138-146. Van Denburgh, John 1922. The Reptiles of Western North America. Calif. Acad, of Sci.. Vol. II. pp. 61-1028. Woodbury, A. M. 1928. The Reptiles of Zion National Park, Copeia No. 166, pp. 14-21. 1931. A Descriptive Catalog of the Reptiles of Utah, Univ. of Utah Bull. Vol. XXI, No. 5. STUDIES IN THE WEEVILS (JF THE WESTERN UNITI-JJ STATES NO. IV: A NEW SPECli:S OF GIMBOCERA"' VASCO M. TANNER Professor of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University CiMBocEKA PETERSON 1 Taiiiiei', iiew species Female: Body oblong and robust. Rostrum moderately con- stricted at base, median and lateral sulci well developed but obscured by imiiricate spatulate vari-colored scales which cover all parts of the body and appendages except the clubs of the antennae which are bi-o\vnish due to a fine vestiture of setae ; twice as long as wide at base, distal one and one half times as wide as base. Thorax widest at base; lateral and median vittae of whitish roundish scales. Elytral striae prominent, eleven at middle, intervals smooth and covered with lead-colored scales among which are interspersed whitish ones. The intervals contiguous to the suture are covered with whitish scales which tend to develop a vittae appearance in some specimens. The body and appendages have erect whitish setae which arise from be- tween the scales. (Jn the elytral intervals there is a semblance of two rows of setae to each interval. The length of the body from the prothorax to the apex of the elytra in the type is 8.6 mm ; greatest body width 4 mm. Two females before me are only 5 mm. in length. Figure 1. The female genitalia, as shown in Figure 2, is similar to pauper, of this genus, according to illustrations by Ting, (1940). (2) The styli are modified as in C. pauper. In petersoni the valvifers and coxites are distinct but not so heavily sclerotized as in pauper. The genitalia of C. buchanani Figure 2c. is similar to C. petersoni and pauper except for the styli and fused coxite and valvifer. This type of genitalia is used to deposit eggs on leaf or stem surfaces or in open cracks of plants. The spermatheca of petersoni is similar to buchanani, Figure 2f. The hind tibia of C. petersoni is shown in Figure 2g. (1) Contribution No. 88, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University. (2) Ting, P. C, 1940. Revisional Notes Concerned with Cimbocera and Related Genera. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. 39, part 2, pp. 128-157, Pis. 24-26. December 13. 1940. 29 30 VASCO M. TANNER The Great Basin Naturalist Vol. II, No. 1, Male. The male of this species may readily be distinguished from the female by the thorax being widest at the middle and the dense long whitish setae of the thorax and elytra. In the three males before me the woolly setae of the elytra has a length of 1.8 mm, which gives the males a marked bearded appearance over that of the females. The third tarsal segment, especially of the first and second legs, is well developed being about twice as long as in the female. The male l"'ig. 1. Drawing of holotype, Cimhocera pctersoni, new species 10 times. Feb. 20, 1941 a new species of cimbocera !31 .u^enitalia, Figure 2d and e, are different to any other species of this and related genera which have been studied. The length of the male from the prothorax to the apex of the elytra is 7.5 mm. If we follow the key to species of Cimhocera as prepared by Mr! Peter Ting (1940), petersoni may be separated from other species as follows: 1. Tarsal bristles and tibial spinules pitch black. Pronotum slightly tuberculate hiichanani Ting Tarsal bristles and tibial spinules yellow or reddish brown. Pronotum smooth 2 2. Rostral setae length subequal with head setae. Rostrum with narrow median sulcus ; slightly constricted at base and one-third to one-half longer than broad. Color predominantly dark brown pauper Horn. Rostral setae equal in length with the head setae. Ros- trum with well developed median and lateral sulci ; moderately constricted at base and distal one and one- times as wide as base. Color greyish with some specimens having distinct light and dark vittae on thorax and elytra ; setae short in females, long in males petersoni, new species Rostral setae only one-fourth length of head setae. Ros- trum without median sulcus ; greatly constricted at base and not. or only slightly, longer than l)road. Color grey mottled brown or black conspersa Fall Type Locality : The Virgin River at St. George, Washington County, Utah. Ten specimens were collected in 1892. by Mr. C. J. Weidt, which are from the Charles W. Leng Collection. The writer collected six specimens in March and April, 1921 and 1922 at St. George, elevation 3,000 feet ; one specimen at Washington, Washing- ton County, Utah in April 1921 ; and one specimen, a female, at In- dianola, Sanpete County, Utah, elevation 6,200 feet, in June 1919. I also have before me one specimen collected at St. George by A. Al. Woodbury. The type and twelve paratypes, on pins, are in the writer's collection at Brigham Young University. Two paratypes were sent to Mr. L. L. Buchanan of the U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. and one paratype was deposited in the Entomological collection of the California Academy of Sciences at San Francisco. This species is named in memory of Mr. Mervin H. Peterson, an alumnus of Brigham Young University. Mr. Peterson was born at Payson, Utah, on December 4, 1908. He graduated from the Payson 32 VASCO M. TANNER The Great Basin Naturalist Vol. II. No. 1. High School in 1927 and the P)righam Young University, with an A. B. degree with a major in Zoology, in 1936. In 1936-37 he was a graduate assistant in Zoology. He died in May, 1937 following a goiter operation. Mr. Peterson was a very capable and promising student of Zoology. At the time of his death, he was working on the phylogeny of the weevils. \-^ ' ir^\ ..aceiabulijiii .anterior -comb Fig. 2. Genitalia of Cirnhoccra petcrsoni. a. ventral view of female genitalia; b. lateral view of female genitalia; c. ventral view of female genitalia of Cimbocera huchanani, a closely related species ; d. and e. dorsal and lateral views of male genitalia of Cimbocera petersoni ; f. spermatheca of Cimbocera petersoni; g. apice of hind tibia of Cimbocera petersoni. WILLIS STANLEY BLATCHLEY (1859-1940) VASCO M. TANNER (1) Professor of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University The passing of Willis Stanley Blatchley must cause Entomologists, especially students of the Coleoptera of the United States, to pause and pay homage to the memory of one of the most distinguished of their ranks. Willis S. Blatchley was born in North Madison, Connecticut on October 6, 1859, and passed away at his home in Indianapolis, In- diana on May 28, 1940. His parents moved to Indiana in 1860, and this became the home state of our noted Naturalist. Blatchley at- tended the grade school of Putnam Comity, and in 1879 began teach- ing, at which he spent his winter months until 1883 wdien he entered the University of Indiana as a student of Drs. David Starr Jordon and John C. Branner. He graduated in 1887 with an A. B. degree, writing a thesis on " The Flora of Monroe County, Indiana." In June 1891, he received an A. M. degree, his thesis this time dealt with "The Butterflies of Indiana." Thirty years later, 1921, his Alma Mater conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.). In 1894 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the office of State Geologist of Indiana, which office he successfully held for six- teen years. Dr. Blatchley was the author of 246 scientific papers and books. The first of his papers " On the American Species of the Genus Umbra," was published in 1885 in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, while his last paper, "Blatch- leyana II." was published privately in 1939. The following books — Coleoptera of Indiana, 1910, pp. 1-1386, figs. 1-595; RhyncliopJiora or Weevils of Northeastern America, 1916, pp. 1-682, figs. 1-155 (Co- author with Chas. Leng) ; The Orthoptera of Northeastern America, 1920, pp. 1-784, pis. I-VII, figs. 1-246; The Indiana Weed Book, 1912, pp. 1-192, figs. 1-139; Heteroptera or True Bugs of Eastern North America, 1926, pp. 1-1116, pis. I-XII, fig. 1-215 ; The Fishes of Indiana, (1) Contribution No. 90, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Erigham Young University. 33 The Great Baiiin Naturalist 34 WILLIS STANLEY KLATCITLF.Y ( 1859-1940) \'()1. II. Xo. 1. 1938, pp. 1-121, fig. 1-39; and Blatchleyana 1 and II, all of which con- tain more than 4404 pages and 1395 figures will long serve as indis- pensable handbooks for the areas covered. Not only was Dr. Blatchley a prolific wTiter and compiler of in- formation concerning already described species, but he also described 14 new genera of insects, 11 Coleoptera and 3 Heteroptera; 470 spe- cies of insects — of which 224 are Coleoptera; 131 Rhynchophora (weevils) ; 66 Heteroptera and 29 Orthoptera. In 1935 he deposited his entire collection of mounted specimens along with copies of all his books and papers in the cabinets of the Department of Entomology at Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana. Included in this collection were 470 holotype specimens of new species of insects which he had described. On July 12. 1928, I visited Dr. Blatchley at his home on 1530 Park Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana. After seeing his collections, es- pecially the weevils, I obtained from him several specimens including two paratypes of Blapstiinis acicuhis Blatchley. Following this visit, I carried on an interesting correspondence with him. In 1930, I pur- chased 300 species of weevils from him. These were in capsules and consisted of from 4 to 10 specimens each. Again in 1939, I purchased 83 cuts which were used mainly in his Rhynchophora book. My last letter from Dr. Blatchley, in his own handwriting, came to me from Dunedin, Florida under date of January 4, 1940. Dr. Blatchley had spent his winters in Florida since 1911. I quote the following from this letter: "Dear Dr. Tanner : "I came down here, where I have a winter home, on December 3. I had a sorrowful Christmas as my only brother died in a hospital at Green- castle, Indiana on December 22d. He was 67 years of age and had lived on the farm where he was born all his life. He never married but lived with a sister also unmarried. I saw him last on October 6, my 80th birth- day, when he and I went fishing together, as we often did in Walnut Creek. "Did you receive a copy of my "Blatchleyana 11-1940 — an addenda to my Blatchleyana 1930 — sent you some years ago? T ordered one sent to you some time in October. "Dr. J. C. Bradley, who is getting out a large textbook on the tax- onomy of insects, bought all the remaining cuts of my 4 manuals to use as illustrations. The only cuts I have left are those from my 6 nature books, my Indiana weed book and Butterflies and Birds of Indiana. These T would be glad to sell when I return to Indianapolis in May." Dr. P)latchley was a typical example of what we call the "old time naturalist." For him the stars, the soil and rocks, the wild flowers, Feb. 20. 1941 vasco m. tanner 35 trees, birds, fishes and insects held ihe secrets of the universe which he tried to fathom. His nature books such as Woodland Idyls; My Nature A' oak; In Days Agonc; Boulder Reveries, and South America as I Saw If, contain his philosophy of hfe. and are also filled with joy and satisfaction gained through a full life. We cjuote the following" from Blatchleyana, 1930, page 16: "For fifteen yeasr I have been ;i natu^ali^t. They have been years full of work, of hopes of ambitions. Happiest those days when I have been alone in woods and fields, when 1 was learning for the first time lessons from nature — lessons purer, nobler and better than I ever expect to learn from the books of man — lessons showing me the close relationship exist- ing among all animate and inanimate things — teaching me that this world, this universe of ours, is not made up of single, isolated objects and forces, but that each object, each force is but a necessary part of one grand and perfect whole. At the end of fifteen years I am still a tyro — still learn- ing daily new facts from the book of nature, still, and ever expect to i)e, a tramp naturalist. 1 still delight to chase tlie winged butterfly o'er field and pasture ; draw the seine through ripple and shallow for silvery min- now and rainbow darter — climb hill and wade through pond for partridge berry or water lily, or wander all day tlirough thicket and forest in search of hermit thrush and hooded warbler. For, as Emerson has said: "In the woods a man casts off his years as the snake liis slough and at what period soever of life is always a child. In the woods is perpetual youth." Dr. Blatchley played an important role in American Entomology and Natural History. His books will long be of value to Zoologists of the United States. The words of Edwin Markham express our feelings at his departure : — "As when a lordly cedar green with boughs. Goes down with a great shout upon the hills And leaves a lonesome place against the sky." Interesting Coleoptera Records for Utah The following species of Coleoptera are reported at this time because of their rarity in collections in this region. Wickham and Wolcott (1912), lists ten species of Cleridae not reported at this time. Careful collecting in Utah will add a num- ber of species to the following families. FAMILY CLERIDAE Munophylla californica Fall. St. George, Washington Co., April 20, 1924. Three specimens were taken by the writer on Prosopis ylandulosa Torr. Cymatodera latefascia Schffr. The Hall, Escalante desert, 50 miles south of Escalante, Garfield Co., June 1936 and St. George, May 1922. V.M.T. C. oinpcnnis Lee. Boulder, Garfield Co., July 1936. V.M.T. C. morosa Lee. Trout Creek, Tooele Co., June and July. Tom Spalding. C. fuchsi Schflfr. "Ten Mile", south of Escalante, Garfield Co., June 1936. V.M.T. C. bruwiea Spin. St. George, Washington Co., June 1922. V. M. T. Thanasimus undnlatus niibilus King. Steep Creek, Aquarius Palteau, Garfield Co., June 1936. V.M.T. Clerus rosmarns Say. Indianola, Sanpete Co., July 7, 1920. V.M.T. C. spinolae Lee. Glendale, Kane Co., July 1927. D. I. Rasmussen. C. lacfiis abruptiis Lee. Henrieville, Garfield Co., September 1937. V.M.T. C. lecontei Wolc. Glendale, Kane Co., May 1932 and Meadow, Millard Co., June. V.M.T. C. eximius Mann. Wellsville Canyon, Cache Co., June 1926. C. J. D. Brown ; Provo Bench, Utah Co. V.M.T. ; Provo, Utah Co., April and May. Harry P. Chandler. Trichodcs apivorus Germ. Henrieville, Garfield Co., September 1937. V.M.T. Abundant on rabbit brush, Chrysothamnus sp. T. ornatus Say. This species is widely distributed throughout the state, being common on the blossoms of various flowers. The males and females are variously colored greenish or orange-red with black markings. No specimens of the sub-species tenellus Lee, from Utah, are in the collection. Hydnocera lecontei Wolc. Riverdale, Weber Co., June 1926. V.M.T. ; Provo, Utah Co., September. H. P. Chandler. FAMILY BYRRHIDAE Cytilus alternattis longulus Csy. Aspen Grove, Mt. Timpanogos, Utah Co., Kiev. 6800 feet, August. H. P. Chandler ; Utah Lake, Utah Co., May 1927. John E. Blazzard; St. George, Washington Co. Truman Swallow. Byrrhus laramxensis Csy. Aspen Grove, Mt. Timpanogos, Utah Co., July 1927. V.M.T. FAMILY EROTYLIDAE Languria convcxicoUis Horn. Dividend, Utah Co., May 24. Tom Spalding. Acropteroxys lecontei Cr. Provo, Utah Co., June 20, 1937. H. P. Chandler. —V. M. T. 36 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Largest private institution of higher learning in the Intermountain Region, Brigham Young University is organized into five colleges, three divisions, and the graduate school. Four quarters of instruction are provided annually. Colleges of Applied Science Arts and Sciences Commerce Education Fine Arts Divisions of Religion Research Extension Graduate School Summer School Departments of Instruction Accounting and Business Administration Agricultural Economics Agronomy Animal Husbandry Art Bacteriology Bible and Modern Scripture Botany Chemistry Church History Church Organization and Administration Economics Educational Administration Elementary Education English Finance and Banking Geology and Geography History Home Economics Horticulture and Landscape Architecture JournaUsm Library Marketing Mathematics Mechanic Arts Modern and Classical Languages Music Office Practice Physical Education Physics Political Science Philosophy of Education Psychology Secondary Education Sociology Speech Theology and Religious Philosophy Zoology and Entomology NATIONALLY ACCREDITED For further information, write The President BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Provo, Utah NEW CrNTURY PRINTINS CO., PROVO, UTAH Volume II Number 2 The Great Basin Naturalist June 30, 1941 ^ (AUG 6 1941 TABLE OF CONTENTS ^-i^d^jii}- Some Nematodes of the Family Tylenchidae Which Do Not Pos- sess a Valvular Median Esophageal Bulb, Gerald Thorne . 37 Lesser Yellow Legs, New Record for Washington County, Utah 86 The Reptiles and Amphibians of Idaho No. I, Wilmer W. Tanner 87 Gull Banding Notes at Utah Lake 98 New Species of Coleoptera from Utah, Harry P. Chandler . . 99 Painted Lady Butterfly in Migration 104 Three New Mammals (Microtus and Ochotona) from Utah, E. R. Hall and C. L. Hayward 105 Published at Provo, Utah, by the Department of Zoology and Entomology of Brigham Young University The Great Basin Naturalist Vasco M. Tanner, Editor C. Lynn Hayward, Assistant Editor A journal published four times a year by the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Manuscripts. Only original unpublished manuscripts, pertaining to the Great Basin and the Western United States in the main, will be accepted. Manuscripts are subjected to the approval of the editor. Illustrations. All illustrations should be made with a view to having them appear within the limits of the printed page. The illus- trations that form a part of an article should accompany the manu- script. All half-tones or zinc etchings to appear in this Journal are to be made under the supervision of the editor, and the cost of the cuts is to be borne by the contributor. Reprints. No reprints are furnished free of charge. A price list for reprints and an order form is sent with the proof. Subscription. The annual subscription is $1.50, (outside the United States, $2.00). Single number, 50 cents. All correspondence dealing with manuscripts, subscriptions, re- prints and other business matters should be addressed to the Editor, Great Basin Naturalist, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Reprint Schedule of The Great Basin Naturalist Each Additional 2 pp. 4 pp. 6 pp. 8 pp. 10 pp. 12 pp. 2 pp. 50 copies $2.00 $3.50 $4.50 $5.50 $6.50 $7.50 .95 100 copies 3.50 4.50 5.50 6.50 7.50 8.50 200 copies 4.75 5.75 6.75 7.75 8.75 9.75 300 copies 5.75 6.75 7.75 8.75 9.75 10.75 Covers: $5.00 for first 100 copies; $2.00 for additional 100 copies. The Great Basin Naturalist Published by the Department of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University. Provo. Utah VoLVMi.:!! ^,^^5- JUNE 30. 1941 /^;..,—^^ No. 2 SOME NEMATODES OF THE FAMILY TTTENCHWAE WHICH DO NOT POSSESS A VALVULAR MEDIAN ESOPHAGEAL BULB GERALD THORNE U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry Salt Lake City, Utah The collection of nematodes on which this paper is based has ac- cumulated at the Salt Lake City Station of the Division of Nematol- ogy during the past 20 years. These specimens have been secured from the great quantity of plant and soil material submitted for examination and identification by various state, government and pri- vate agencies and from the extensive faunistic collections made at this station. As a matter of convenience to the reader, information has been included on related species previously described and certain others of doubtful position. As will be noted, the classification of this group is in a most unsatisfactory state and w"ill remain so until the nemic fauna has been more carefully and extensively studied, for there is no doubt that only a small portion of the existing genera and species are here represented. Many of the species have been found associated with the roots of alfalfa, cotton, sugar-beets and other cultivated plants but, with the possible exceptions of Hexatylus viviporus Goodey, 1926, and Ncoty- Icnchus abulbosiis Steiner, 1931, none is suspected as being of economic importance. Their generally small spears doubtless preclude any pos- sibility of their being able to puncture the cell walls of the higher plants and feed upon their contents unless they invade the cells as true endoparasites. Since they are not known to be endoparasites of either the roots or stems of the higher plants it seems most probable that they feed on the microflora of the soil, such as algae and fungi. Usually they are found in very small numbers which eliminates them as' being of any particular importance under the conditions in which they have been observed. Three distinct types are represented in the species presented which 37 The Great Basin Naturalist 38 GERALD THORNE Vol. II, No. 2, are here designated as the new subfamihes Ncotyloichinac, Paurodoii- liiiac, and N othoiylcnchinac. These subfamilies are tentatively placed under -the family Tylcnchidae but the Ncotylcnchinac and Paurodon- iinae doubtless will eventually be raised to a family rank because they possess certain characteristics which distinguish them from all other tylenchs. KEY TO SUBFAMILIES 1. Basal esophageal bulb bearing a stem-like basal exten- sion Paurodoiitiiiac n.s.f. p. 50 l>asal esophageal bulb not bearing a stem-like basal ex- tension 2 2. Head framework octagonal Ncotylcnchinac n.s.f. p. 38 Head framework hexagonal Nothotylcnchinac n.s.f. p. 56 Neotvlenchinae Thorne, new subfamily Tylenciiidae. Body with a characteristic dense texture which ob- scures anatomical details to a greater degree than is usual in Tylcnchi- dae. Corpus of esophagus somewhat cylindroid without a typical ty- lenchoid median bulb and valvular apparatus. Dorsal esophageal gland frequently greatly developed. Head region octagonal, the framework divided into 8 sectors, some of which may be greatly modified. Arches of cephalic framework generally much lower than in other Tylcnchi- dae, forming a low rounded lip region. There are probably ten cepha- lic papillae although all of them have not been observed on some species. These are arranged on the two lateral and four submedial lips, six minute ones close to the entrance to the vestibule and fom^ near the margins of the submedial lips. Ovary prevulvar, a rudi- mentary posterior uterine branch rarely present. Spicula and guber- naculum tylenchoid or of very aberrant types (Hcxatylus fnnyontin and lotonchiiim. impcrfcctuni). Diagnosis : Tylcnchidae without a valvular median esophageal bulb. Differentiated from Nothotylcnchinac by the more dense tex- ture of the body, the octagonal lip region which is divided into 8 sec- tors, the rare occurrence of a posterior uterine branch and, frequently, the increased size of the dorsal esophageal gland. From Paurodoiitinac it is immediately distinguished l)v the absence of the stem-like ex- tension of the basal esophageal bulb so t\'pical of this subfamilw Typs Genus: Neotylcnchus Steiner, 1931. The subfamily Ncotylcnchinac now includes four genera possess- ing certain general characteristics which indicate that they have a common, though distinct, relationship. However the anatomical fea- June 30, 1941 . nematodes of the family tylenchidae 39 tares of the esophagi and reproductive systems are very (hfferent in these genera, whicli may indicate they they belong to an exceedingly ancient group of organisms. Considering the apparent rarity of most of the species included in this subfamily it would appear that the group is now in its senility. KEY TO GENERA OF NEOTYLENCHINAE 1. Lip region broadly expanded, spicula angular, guber- naculum absent lotoncliiuni Cobb p. 50 Lip region not broadly expanded, spicula, where known, not angular, gubernaculum present 2 2. b'sophagus base fused with intestine, not set off in any manner Hcxatylus Goodey p. 48 iLsophagus base set off, bulb-like or with greatly de- veloped glands 3 3. Intestine joining esophagus just back of nerve ring, glands lying free in the body cavity. .Deladcnus n.g. p. 45 Intestine not joining esophagus near nerve ring, glands within a basal bulb Neotylcnchus Steiner p. 39 GEXUS XEOTYLENCHUS STEINER, 1931 Basal bulb of esophagus definitely set off from intestine, the dorsal esophageal gland sometimes enlarged until it forms a lobe extending a short distance back over the intenstine. Lumen of esophagus con- tinuous, not interrupted by a muscular valvular apparatus near the base of the corpus. Spear generally with three definite basal knobs. Ovary prevulvar, outstretched or reHexed. Post-uterine branch absent, except in Neotylcnchus latus. Spicula, gubernaculum and bursa ty- lenchoid. Diagnosis : NcotylcHchinac possessing a definitely set off basal esophageal bulb and a continuous lumen. Bursa, spicula, and guber- naculum tylenchoid. Type Species: N'eotylcnchus abulbosus Steiner, 1931. Comparison of several species of Neotylcnchus with Hcxatylus viviparus has demonstrated that these two genera are both valid, being distinguished from each other by the structure of the esophagus, that of Neotylcnchus possessing a definitely set off basal bulb and a con- tinuous lumen while that of Hcxatylus is completely fused with the intestine and has a direct break in the lumen near the base of the corpus. However extreme care must be exercised in identifying these The Great Basin Naturalist 40 . GERALD THORNE Vol. 11, No. 2, genera as evidenced by the fact that Dr. Steiner sent the writer speci- mens of Hcxatyliis viviparus from Germany, which, on casual obser- vation, were thought to be Ncotylenchus abulbosus. This led to the writer incorrectly to identify H. viviparus as xV. abulbosus in sugar- beets (23). KEY TO SPECIES OF XEOTYLHXCHUS 1. Vulva almost terminal obcsus Thorne p. 44 Vulva well in front of terminus 2 2. Posterior uterine branch present latus Thorne p. 43 Posterior uterine branch absent 3. Female tails elongate conoid, a = 8-10 Female tails not elongate conoid, a = 15-20 4. Oocytes arranged tandem in ovary acutus n. sp. Oocytes massed in ovary copropliayus (Goodey) 5. Terminus acute Terminus blunt, rounded 6. Lip region set off by constriction, male with normal spic- ula and spear coiisobriiius (deMan) Lip region not set off, male with degenerate spicula and without spear abulbosus Steiner 7. Bursa enveloping tail, $ tail sub cylindroid, very blunt intcrmcdius (Christie) Bursa not enveloping tail. 5 tail conoid to small, blunt terminus arcuatus n. sp. p. 44 Neotylenchus abulbosus Steiner. 1931 Synonym: PJcxatylus abulbosus ( Steiner, 1931 ) Goixley, 1933 Plate L Fig. 1. la 5 : 0.76 mm ; a = 27 ; b = 5.5 ; c = 10.5 ; V - '^^ 86. d' : 0.74 mm ; a = 39 ; b = 1 1.2 ; c = 20. The cylindroid neck, tapering rapidly in its anterior fourllu and the low rounded lip region are well illustrated in Steiner's tigvni' (Plate 1, fig. 1) as is also the form of the esophagus which consti- tutes one of the most important characters of this genus. ]\)steri()rl\ the body is shaped much like that of Hc.vatylus viviparus (Plate 4. fig. 9d), the distance from the vulva to the anus being somewhat shorter than the tail length, cuticle marked liy four wings. Eu face the head is observed to be divided into eight sectors of practically 0 4 5 p- 42 p- 42 6 7 p- 41 p- 40 p- 45 June 30. 1941 nematodrs of thf. family tylenchfdaf 41 equal size. Spear very short, hearing outward curved processes on tlie (Hstinct hasal knohs. Ovary outstretched, sometimes reaching as far as the excretory pore. Male without a spear. Spicula and guher- naculum poorly developed. Uursa crenate. rising slighth' in frcMit of the spicula and extending to the terminus. .\c()t\'lciiclius ahulhosKs appears to be most closely related to A'. co)isobriiiiis from which it differs in the rounded lip region, shorter female spear with the outward pointing curved processes of the hasal kn(jbs, the absence of a spear in the male and the poorly developed spicula and gubernaculum. Steiner found this species inhabiting the buds, stems and leaves of strawberry plants aft'ected by "yellows" or "xanthosis" from C'ah- fornia and there appears to be little doubt that it is actualh' endo- parasitic, although symptoms have not been accurately defined. Rfferences: 3, 12, 13, 19, 20, 23. Neotylenchus consobrinus (deMan, 1906) Filipjev, 1935 Synonyms: Tylciicliiis consohrinus deMan, 1906 Hcxatylus auisohrinus (deMan, 1906) Goodey, 1932 Plate ]. Fig. 2 ? : 0.96 - 1.24 mm ; a == 27-36 ; b = S.7-7.?> ; c = 19-23 ; \' - 89-90. ^ : 0.83 - 0.98 mm ; a = 36^5 ; b = 6.3-7.7 ; c = 17.5-23. The cap-like lip regicjn is set off' b}- a distinct, thcjugh slight, con- striction. Two parts of the spear are about equal in length, the shall bearing very small basal knobs. Esophagus in all respects very similar to that of Neotylenchus abulbosits, definitely set off' from the intestine. Ovary reflexed a short distance, the oocytes arranged in single file. Posterior uterine branch absent. Vulva to anus distance slightly greater than length of tail. Spicula and gubernaculum normally de- veloped, tylenchoid. Bursa rising a little anterior to the spicula and enveloping the tail. Tlie above measurements and description from Goodey (14). Habitat: Sandy soil, Holland, Austria and South Wales. Transfer of this species to Ncotylenclms has l)een made on the basis of its very close resemblance to A^ abulbosits. Neotylenchus consobrinus is readily distinguished from A'', abul- bosus, its nearest relative, by the set-off lip region, longer spear with small knobs and the normal, tylenchoid spicula and gubernaculum. References: 6, 11, 12, 14, 16. The Great Basin Naturalist 42 GERALD THORXl=: \^ol. 1 1 , No. 2. Nkotylknciius ACUTi'S Thorne, new species Plate I. Fig. 3-3c $ : 0.8 mm ; a = 26 ; h = 4.4 ; c = 9 ; V — ^o 83. Body tapering rather uniformly to the rounded lip region which is not set off in any manner, while posteriorly ending in a conoid acute terminus. Transverse striae obscure, more distinct on subcuticle. Wing area a smooth, refractive band about one-fourth as wide as the body. En face the head region is found to have the usual eight sectors, the lateral ones much reduced, similar to those of Ncotylcnchtis latiis (fig. 4). Anterior portion of spear conspicuously set off, about one- half as long as the shaft which bears small but distinct basal knobs. Corpus of esophagus rather cylindrical narrowing to the slender isth- nms which passes through the prominent nerve ring. Basal portion f)f esophagus made up largely of the huge dorsal gland which extends back over the anterior end of the intestine, crowding it to one side, (fig. 3a). Intestine with narrow lumen and dense, thick walls. Vulva a broad, depressed slit. Vagina well sclerotized. Ovary with oocytes arranged in single file and forming a double flexure (fig. 3c), an un- usual thing in this group of nemas. Male unknown and the single female observed contained no spermatozoa. Diagnosis: Ncotylenchus most closely related to A^. coprophag%is Goodey, from which it differs in its longer neck, more cylindrical corpus of esophagus, longer isthmus, more posterior position of the excretory pore and the tandem arrangement of oocytes in the ovary. Habitat: Frass of a bark beetle, Ips Iccontei Swaine, from pin- yon pine, Pinus cdiilis Engelmn. near Tabiona, Utah, collected l)y L. J. Farmer, U. S. Forest Service. Neotylenchus coprophagus (Goodey, 1938) new combinatir-n Plate IX, Fig. 25 ? : 0.88-1.45 mm ; a ^^ 18.5-27 ; I) = 6.3-7 ; c = 8-10.4 ; V - 82-86. Body tapering anteriorly until the lip region is only about one- fourth as wide as the neck base, while posteriorly ending in an elon- gate-conoid pointed tail. Spear 11 - 12 m long with small but definite knobs. Anterior conical part of spear only half as long as shaft. Esophagus with spimlle-shaped corpus two-thirds as wide as neck, narrow short isthmus and lobed basal bulb. Excretory pore opposite Tune 30, 1941 nematodes of the family tylenciiidae 43 base of lobed bulb. Ovary outstretched, several oocytes in diameter, probably arranged about a rachis. This species is closely related to N'cotylcnchus acntus, but differs in shorter, more robust corpus of the esophagus, the more posterior position of the excretory pore and the multiple rows of oocytes wliicli probably are arranged about a rachis. Transfer of this species to Ncotyloichus is based on the fact that it obviously is closely related to A', acutits, which is without doubt a Ncotylenchus. Unfortunately the figure for this species was over- looked until the last plate was being assembled, hence its allocation to Plate IX. Habitat: Sheep droppings, Winches Farm, St. Albans. England. Reference: 14. Neotylenchus latus Thorne. 1935 Plate T. Fig. 4, 4a ?: 0.7-1.1 mm; a = 17; b = 6.3 ; c = 18 ; V — ssgS-^ c? : 0.8 mm ; a = 31 ; 1) = 4.7 ; c = 20 ; T - 65. Female attaining its greatest width at about 65 percent. Neck tapering uniformly to the lip region which is not set ofif in any manner. Wing area marked by four refractive lines. Lateral sectors of head greatly reduced, the amphid apertures distinctly elevated. Spear about 7 M long with well developed knobs. Esophagus with broadly cylindrical corpus, narrow^ isthmus and w^ell developed, distinctly set off, basal Inilb. Dorsal esophageal gland frequently developed until it rises from the contour of the basal bulb but not usually so conspicuously so as in the specimen figured in the original description. Oocytes in several series, perhaps arranged about a narrow rachis. Posterior uterine branch present. Spicula, gubernaculum and bursa tylenclioid, the bursa extending almost to the end of the small but blunt terminus. Ncotylenchus latus is immediately distinguished l)y the presence of a posterior uterine branch. Habitat: Small lesions on roots of shadscale, Atriplcx confcrfi- folia (Torr. and Frem.) S. Wats., and in the soil surrounding them collected in the desert west of Utah Lake and Richfield, Utah. Also from soil in wheat field near Taylorsville, L'tah. Reference : 22. The Great Basin Naturalist 44 GERALD THORNE Vol. 11, No. 2, Neotylenchus obesus Thorne, 1934 Plate I, Fig. 5, 5a ?: 0.7-0.9 mtn ; a = 10-16; b = 5-6; c = 20-50; V - 95-99. The obese bod}' varies greatly in form and width. Spear length, 7 M, with very small knobs. Head rounded with delicate framework in eight almost equal sectors. Esophagus with somewhat spindle-shaped corpus, narrow isthmus and definitely set ofif basal bulb but the latter generally is obscured by the ovary. Ovary outstretched to opposite nerve ring or even further, with many oocytes in a circumference, ap- parently arranged about a rachis. Vulva transverse, sometimes almost terminal. Male unknown. No other known Ncotylcnchus has such an obese, almost sausage- shaped body and posteriorly located vulva. Habitat: Eight females from small pit-like lesions on alfalfa crowns, Greely. Colorado. Reference: 21. Neotylenchu.s arcuatus Thorne, new species Plate 2, Fig. 6 - 6d $ : 1.1 mm ; a = 15 ; b = 9 ; c = 22.5 ; V — ^2 §8. c^: 1.1 mm; a= 39; b = 6.3 ; c = 17 ; T - 53. The obese body of the female usually is found coiled into an open "C". The wing area bears six refractive lines which, on the male occupy about one-fifth of the body width. Lip region divided into the usual eight sectors, the lateral ones which bear the amphids being much reduced. Spear unusually slender, almost devoid of basal knobs. Corpus of esophagus with a slight basal swelling; basal bulb with en- larged glands extending back over its junction with the intestine. Intestine with dense, thick cells in which the nuclei are plainly visible. Ovary sometimes outstretched but generally retlexed a short distance. Posterior uterine branch absent. Eggs slightly longer than body width and half as wide as long. Vulva a broad, transverse slit with elevated labia. Male tail usually bent somewhat dorsad. Testis outstretched. Spicula and gubernaculum tylenchoid. Bursa crenate, extending from a point about opposite the proximal ends of the spicula to near the terminus of the tail. Diagnosis: Ncotylcnchus with six lines in the wing area, spear June 30, 1941 nematodes of the family tylenchidae 45 only slightly knobbed, short bknit female tail and a longer, more pointed male tail. Habitat: Soil about roots of Larrca Iridciitata (D. C. ) \'ail.. collected near I.ittlefield, Arizona, by 1*2. W. Davis, LJ. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. Neotylenchus intermedius (Christie. 1938) new combination Synonym : Hcxaiylus intermedius Christie, 1938. Plate III ?: 1.46 mm; a = 36; b = 7; c = 21 ; V - 88-94. c^: 1.21 mm; a = 35; b = 8; c = 21. Head rounded, not distinctly set off, dorsal and ventral sectors much reduced. Six minute papillae closely grouped about the oral en- trance. Spear 4 to 4.5 m long with distinct, somewhat diverging basal knobs. Ovary with S-shaped tlexure. Other characters as illustrated in Christie's illustration, Plate HI. Neotylenchus intermedius is immediately distinguished by the very small spear and the subcylindroid, blunt female tail. Habitat: Decaying citrus fruit. Riverside, California. Regarding its habits. Dr. Christie states: "Neotylenchus inter- medius was kept on cultures for about three months. At two-week intervals it was transferred to new cultures on which the fungus Alternaria citri previously had been established. It laid eggs freely, l)uilt up a moderately large population and appeared to thrive fairly well." The writer is indebted to Dr. Christie for the loan of his excellent plate. Reference : 3. GENUS DELADENUS THORNE. NEW GENUS Neotylenchinae. Esophagus joining intestine immediately be- hind nerve ring, the esophageal glands lying free in the body. A chamber-like valvular apparatus sometimes present in the base of the corpus of the esophagus. Vulva located less than 10% from terminus. Ovary prevulvar. Posterior uterine branch absent. Spicula and guber- naculum tylenchoid. Bursa practically enveloping tail. Diagnosis : Neotylenchinae with the above general characters. Especially distinctive because the intestine joins the esophagus imme- diately behind the nerve ring. Type Species: Deladenus durus (Cobb) new combination. The Great Basin Naturalist 46 GERALD THORNE Vol. II, No. 2, Deladenus durus (Cobb. 1922) new combination Synonym: Tyloiclnts ditrus Cobb, 1922. Plate II, Figs. 7- 7i ? : 1.0 mm : a = 30-50 ; b = 8-10; c = 25 ; V - ^n 93 c^ : 1.0 mm ; a = 50 ; b = 8.0 ; c = 24.0 ; T - 65. Body rather uniformly cylindrical except at the extremities where it tapers distinctly (figs. 7, 7f). Cuticle marked by transverse striae about 1.5 m apart. Wing area elevated, consisting of six longitudinal elements. Deirids located in about the latitude of the excretory pore. Phasmids not seen. A single papillae was observed on each of the four rounded lips. Amphid apertures located close to entrance of vestibule. En face the head framework is seen to be divided into eight sectors the lateral ones being much reduced. Spear about 8 a^ long with well developed basal knobs. Corpus of esophagus with a fusi- form basal swelling which contains an ovoid valvular apparatus, which probably is similar in action to that of Hcxatylus viviparus. The narrow isthmus passes through the conspicuous nerve ring immedi- ately to join the anterior end of the intestine. Joining the dorsal side of the isthmus is the unusually large dorsal esophageal gland which is from four to six times as long as the corresponding body diameter and contains a conspicuous nucleus. The ventrosubmedian glands and their nuclei were not observed. Excretory pore with heavily sclerotized tube which soon is lost to sight in the body tissues but which probably leads to a conspicuous gland nucleus about 10 body widths posterior to the pore. Intestinal lumen very narrow, beginning to zig-zag almost immediately behind the esophagus and finally becoming twisted and convoluted in a most amazing manner (fig. 7g). Cells of intestine small, the nuclei lying between the bends of the lumen. In some speci- mens the lumen was broad at is junction with the rectum (fig. 7h ) in others it remained narrow (fig. 7f). Vulva a broad, transverse slit from which the heavily sclerotized vagina leads in and forward to the muscular uterus. Many ova may be present at one time. At first the oocytes are arranged in single file but, as growth takes place, the ovary is distended and the oocytes lie in four rows. No rachis was observed. Male tail bearing a bursa which rises a little in front of the spicula and envelopes all but the extreme tip of the tail. Spicula tylenchoid, resting on a simple, curved, trough-like gubernaculum. Testis outstretched. Diagnosis: Dcladcnus with an avoid valvular apparatus in the Tune 30, 1941 nematodes of the family tylenchidae 47 corpus of the esophagus and greatly developed dorsal esophageal inland. Amphids lying deep in the lateral labial axils. Lumen of in- testine greatly convoluted. Wing area elevated and divided into six elements. Habitat: Described by Cobl:> from galls of chestnut oak, Qiiercus prinus L., near Lebanon Church Postotttce. Virginia. Decaying fungus, Plcurota sp., and under dead l)ark of cottonwood, Populits frcmonti, S. Wats., on which the fungus was growing. Collected by C. W. McBeth near Payson. Utah. Also from soil about alfalfa crowns near Manti and Murray. L'tah, and Medford, CJregon. The only two males found were in the Manti collection. The specimens from soil gener- ally had slightly longer necks and the excretory pore was somewhat more posteriad. Reference : 4a. Deladenus obesu.s Thorne, new species Plate IV. Figs. 8 - 8c $ : 1.0-1.5 mm ; a = \(y-22 ; b = ? ; c = 30; V - ss 93. Distinct striae near the lip region are about 1.5 m wide but these become obscure on the neck and body, sometimes being visible only on the subcuticle. Phasmids and derids not observed. A definite wing area is not visible but in cross section there is a sclerotized band about one- fourth as wide as the body which is not set ofl:" in any manner and this may be marked by eight or ten excessively minute striae. Ex- cretory pore, duct and gland not seen. En face the head is seen to be divided into 8 sectors the lateral ones which bear the amphids being much reduced. Vestibule a refractive tube. Corpus of esophagus elongate, spindle shaped. Lumen of esophagus unbroken, joining with the broad lumen of the intestine close behind the nerve ring. Esopha- geal glands grouped about the anterior end of the intestine in flattened lobes. Lumen of intestine at first broad, then narrowed and convo- luted, but not so extremely bent as in Deladenus durus. A short, post- rectal sac was present in one of the two specimens examined. Vulva a broad transverse slit with prominent labia. Vagina extending in and then forward to the conspicuously cellular oviduct. Eggs about half as wide as body and four to six times as long as wide. Great numbers of oocytes are arranged in eight or ten lines about a prominent rachis. In old females the ovary may be outstretched past the nerve ring or re- tlexed a short distance, the terminus lying dorsad in the body while the major portion of the ovary is ventrad. Male unknown. The Great Basin Naturalist 48 GERALD THORNE Vol. II, No. 2, Diagnosis: Dcladcints-Wke foi-m without an ovoid valvular appa- ratus in the corpus of the esophagus. FLsophageal glands lobe-like, grouped about the anterior end of the intestine.. Wing area an ob- scure band. Placing this species in Dcladcints is a questionable procedure be- cause it lacks the characteristic ovoid valvular apparatus in the corpus of the esophagus. Habitat: Frass of unidentified beetles under bark of dead white fir, Abies concolor Lindl., near Wolf Creek Summit, South Fork of Provo River, Utah. GENUS HEXATYLVS GOODEY, 1926 Diagnosis Emended : Neoiylenchinac. Esophagus base fused with intestine. Lumen of esophagus with a distinct break near the base of the corpus where the lumen becomes much wider, the walls heavier and a muscular valvular apparatus apparently is present. Pharynx slightly sclerotized, forming several minute guiding rings for the spear. Spear with three well-developed basal knobs, each of which is somewhat duplex. The outer surface of these basal knobs is unusu- ally refractive and conspicuous. En face the octagonal lip region is observed to be divided into 12 approximately ec[ual sectors with four smaller triangular sectors at the submedial angles through which the circlet of four papillae emerge. (Plate IV, Fig 9). The basal frame- work of the head retains the octagonal pattern of the genus (Fig. 9a), although in some specimens there is a tendency for the 16-sector pat- tern seen at the surface to continue back to the basal framework. Type Species: Hexatylus viviparus Goodey, 1926. The above emended diagnosis is based on specimens kindly sent to the writer by Dr. Goodey from Middlesex, England. Dr. Steiner also forwarded specimens from potatoes imported from Germany which proved to be identical to those from England. Specimens collected by the writer from Utah and California were also compared, lateral and oi face examinations being made of specimens from all four collections. KEY TO SPECIES OF HEXATYLUS 1. $ length near 3.0 mm, tail ventrally arcuate fungoritm (P.iitschli) p. 49 $ length 1.5 mm or less, tail straight. .7'ivipar'ns Goodey p. 49 June 30. 1941 nematodes of the family tylenchidae 49 Hexatylus vivipakus Goocky, 1926 Plate l\\ Figs. 9-9(1 $: 1.0-1.5 mm; a = 15-35; h = 5-7; c = 17-20; V - 'f* 89. With characters of the genus. The great variation in width is found between females which have reached their normal length but have not begun egg production, and those approaching senility. Senile specimens frequently somewhat shorter than the younger forms asso- ciated with them. Phasmids and deirids not observed. Wing area marked by four refractive lines, the two outer ones being more promi- nent. The tissues of the basal portion of the esophagus are somewhat less dense in texture than those of the intestine to which they are fused. This basal portion encloses a number of nuclei, some of which appear identical to those of the intestine while others are probably the nuclei of the esophageal glands. Nuclei of intestinal cells less than one body width apart. Intestine probably four cells to a circum- ference but this point was not definitely determined as cell walls were not visible. Ovary of adults reaching as far forward as the nerve ring, the anterior portion made up of several hundred massed oocytes which, as they increase in size, are observed to be grouped about a prominent rachis. Only the anterior half of the ovary is occupied by the oocytes, the remainder being a long tube in which the ova develop. A short oviduct leads to a pouch-like uterus. Vulva a broad transverse slit. Habitat: Described by Goodey from a diseased potato tuber and also decaying gladiolus corms. Cultures from the corm transferred to 2% malt-extract agar gave a good growth of fungus mycelium on which these nematodes thrived and reproduced in great numbers. Goodey therefore regards the species as saprophagous rather than an obligate parasite. References: 3, 6, 9, 10, 12. 13. 19. 20. Hexatylus fungorum (Bvitschli, 1873) Goodey, 1932 Synonyms: Tylciicliiis fiuujoriim l^)Utschli, 1873. Ncotylcnchus funcjorum (Biitschli, 1873) Filipjex, 1936. Plate IV, Fig. 10, 10a ? : 3.0 mm ; a = 21 ; b = ? ; c = 30; V - 93.8. c^: 1.6-2.0 mm; a = ?; b = ?; c = 15. The Great Basin Naturalist 50 GERALD THORNE \'ol. 1 1, Xo. 2, Spear very small, 0.0129 mm in full-grown female. Esophagus mdefinite but Biitschli shows a eylindrical corpus narrowing to a slender isthmus which apparently joins directly to the intestine as it does in Hcxatylus viviparus. Ovary outstretched, very broad ante- riorly as if the oocytes were arranged about a rachis. Several of the small ova are arranged in single file in the long oviduct. Vulva a de- pressed slit. Spicula and gubernaculum of a most extraordinary form. Bursa three times as long as the tail, completely enveloping the ter- minus. Habitat: Dccayiiuj finujus, Germany. Goodey's designation of this species to Hcxatylus perhaps l)rings it into the correct subfamily but the writer feels that it probably be- longs to an unknown genus. However, this question will not be solved until specimens are again collected. References: 1, 3, 6, 11. loTONCHiUM imperfectum ( Biitschli, 1876) Cobb, 1920 Synonym: Tylcnchiis iuipcrfcctus Biitschli, 1876 Plate IV, Figs. 11 -lib ?: 1.8 mm; a = 24 ; b = 7.2 ; c = 12.9; V - 88. Head truncated, set oii' by expansion. Spear of female 8 m long while in the male it is reduced to a mere point. Intestine clear and transparent. Gonads reaching to near base of esophagus. Eggs slight- ly longer than body width. Males smaller than females. Spicula yellow or brown in color, very angular. Gubernaculum absent. Bursa rising one body width anterior to spicula and completely encompassing the tail. Biitschli states that in general structure this species resembles Hcxatylus fungorum (Biitschli, 1873) so we are probably safe in as- suming that it has a Hcxatyltis-Yike esophagus. Habitat: Decaying mushrooms, Germany. References: 2, 4, 6. Paurodontinae Thorne, new subfamily Tylencitidae. Basal esophageal bulb possessing a stem-like ex- tension. Intestine often enveloping part, or even all, of the basal esophageal bull). Ovary prevulvar, outstretched. Posterior uterine branch absent. Spicula tylenchoid. Bursa enveloping tail. Body gen- erally very dense in texture and details frequently difficult to observe. June 30. 1941 nematodes of the family tylenchidae 51 Diagnosis : The subfamily Paurodontinae is immediately differ- entiated from all other Tylenchidae by the stem-like extension of the esophageal bulb. Type Genus: Paurodontiis Thorne, new genus. KEY TO GENERA OF PAURODONTINAE Spear knobs symmetrical Paitrodoiitits n. g. p. 51 Spear knobs asymmetrical, the ventrosubmedian much larger than the dorsal Stic I yl us n. g. p. 54 GEXUS PAURODOXTUS THORXE, NEW GENUS Paurodontinae. Characters of the subfamily. Knobs of spear symmetrical, or nearly so. Tails of both sexes acute or subacute. !)ursa, where known, not enveloping entire tail. Diagnosis: Paurodontiis is immediately distinguished from Stic- lylus, its only known relative, by the symmetrical basal knobs of the spear and the pointed tails of both sexes. Type Species : Paurodontiis gracilis, n. sp. KEY TO SPECIES OF FACRODOXTUS 1. Length about 0.7 mm (jracUis n. sp. p. 51 Length about 0.4 mm 2 2. Terminus subacute, tail somewhat arcuate, .densus n. sp. p. 52 Terminus acute, tail rather straight 3 3. Head about half as wide as neck base. . . .apiticus n. sp. p. 53 Head almost as wide as neck base niger n. sp. p. 54 Paukodontus gracilis Thorne, new species Plate V, Figs. 12-12d $ : 0.74 mm ; a = 31 ; b = 7.2 ; c — 7.2 ; V - S4 76 \ ^ : 0.65 mm ; a = 35 ; b = 5.5 ; c = 6.5 ; T - 58. Cuticle marked by transverse striae, which are about 1.3 m apart at their widest points. Wing areas marked by four ecjually spaced, refractive lines occupying about one-third the body width. Deirids and phasmids not seen. Lip region low, rounded. Amphidial aper- tures located on minute elevations of the lateral lips. Spear slightly longer than width of head with distinct basal knobs. Corpus of esophagus cylindrical, narrowing to the slender isthmus which passes through the conspicuous nerve ring and then enlarges to form the The Great Basin Naturalist 52 GERALD THORNE Vol. II, No. 2, basal bulb. This bulb bears an elongated tubular valvular apparatus by which it is connected w^ith the intestine. A peculiar chamber, which apparently is formed by the extended walls of the intestine, surrounds the bulb. Nucleus of the dorsal esophageal gland easily seen but the two submedian gland nuclei are very obscure. Intestine made up of large thick cells, each with a distinct nucleus. Anterior ovary outstretched, the ova arranged in single file. An- terior portion of oviduct forming a spermatheca. Vulva a transverse slit. Posterior uterine branch rudimentary, about as long as width of body. Spicula tylenchoid, arcuate. Gubernaculum thin, curver, trough- like. Bursa slightly crenate, two and one-half times as long as anal body diameter. Testis outstretched. Diagnosis : Paurodontus with the above measurements and gen- eral description. Distinctive because of the slender, acutely, pointed tail, four wings and a rudimentary posterior uterine branch. Habitat: Soil about cotton roots, collected by C. W. McBeth, Tifton, Georgia. Paurodontus densus Thorne, new species Plate V, Figs. 13 -13c ? : 0.4 mm ; a = 25 ; b = 5.7 ; c = 12 ; V - s? 82. Anteriorly the body tapers gradually so that the width of the head is about one-half that of the base of the neck. Posteriorly there is a rapid tapering from the vulva to the subacute terminus of the slightly arcuate tail. Wing area one-third as wide as body and appearing as six bright lines, the two outer ones more conspicuous. On the neck and tail there is a reduction in numbers of the wing lines until they practically disappear at the extremities. Phasmids not seen but a very indistinct deirid was observed on one specimen, located in the middle of the wing area about opposite the esophageal bulb. En face the head is found to be composed of six sectors, the two lateral ones which bear the amphids being much narrower than the four submedian on which the papillae are located. Vestibule a sclerotized tube. Spear strongly knobbed but the knobs and the shaft are generally very diffi- cult to see on glycerin-mounted specimens because of their refractive index. Esophagus beginning as a rather uniform tul)e about one-third as wide as the neck, narrowing through the nerve ring and then ex- panding to form the spindle-shaped bulb with its long posterior ex- tension (fig. 13a). Esophageal gland nuclei within the bulb, apparently three in number but nothing was determined concerning their outlets. June 30, 1941 nematodes of the family tylenchidae 53 Excretory tube strongly scleroti/ced. Intestine almost inlling the Ixjdy cavity, without distinct cell arrangement. A peculiar structure sur- rounds the extension of the esophageal bulb, resembling the tissues of the intestine. Vulva a broad, depressed slit. Vagina extending inward to join llie thin-walled uterus. Oviduct elongated, cellular, but apparently not bearing a special branch like that of Paurodontus apiticus. Ovary com- posed of very small oocytes arranged in single file. In the distal end of the oviduct of some specimens there were numbers of bodies which appeared to be spermatozoa but no males were collected. DiAGNOSiss Paurodontus with the above measurements and gen- eral characters. Most closel}' related to P. nigcr from which it differs in the stronger spear, slightly arcuate tail with subacute terminus and lIic proportionately greater distance between the vulva and anus. Habitat: Soil about the roots of date palms, AIcMillian gardens, Indio, California. Paurodontus apiticus Thorne, new. species Plate V, Fig. 14-14d ?: 0.42-0.7 mm; a-16-22; b-4.0-7.0; c-8.2-12.0; V-^-^ 80-5^ 85. As the above formulae show there is a great diversity in size and l)ody proportions in this species. The obese body tapers anteriorly until the lip region is only about two-fifths as wide as the base of the neck while posteriorly it diminishes rapidly from the vulva to the spicate terminus. Usually the body becomes almost straight when the nema is killed by gradual heat. Transverse striae are easily visible throughout the length of the body. Wings very obscure except on the neck. Phasmids and deirids not seen. Head, en face, in 6 sectors, the four submedian ones bearing papillae and the two narrow, protruding, lateral ones bearing the amphids. Vestibule a sclerotized, conoid taper- ing tube. Spear about as long as width of lip region with distinct, small knobs. Esophagus a somewhat irregular tube, narrowing as it passes through the nerve ring then expanding to the spindle-shaped bulb which bears a long posterior extension reaching back to the in- testine. The three esophageal gland nuclei lie within the bulb. Ex- cretory pore usually about opposite base of bulb. Intestine thin walled, its lumen l)road. In many specimens the tissues surrounding the bulb extension looked very much like those of the intestine and it may be possible that they form an anterior chamber. The single out-stretched ovary rarely reaches to the base of the The Great Basin Xaturalist 54 GKKALD T110KX1-: Vol. 11, Xo. 2, neck and is made up of oocytes arranged in single tile. Vulva a broad iransverse slit from which the vagina extends inward a short distance to join the thin-walled uterus. Oviduct composed of many protruding cells giving it somewhat the appearance of a bunch of grapes. At- tached to the anterior end of the oviduct is a short branch which may function as a spermatheca. Diagnosis: Paurodontus with the above measurements and gen- eral description. Distinctive because of the tapering neck, straight, pointed tail, and the short branch of the oviduct. Habitat: Soil about the roots of Larrca tridentata (D. C.) Vail., Littlefield, Arizona, U. S. A. Also from soil around roots of barley, Yuma Experiment Station, Bard, California ; and cotton, Arvin, Cali- fornia. Paurodontus niger Thorne, new species Plate VI. Fig. 15, 15a $ : 0.4 mm ; a = 24 ; b = 6.3 ; c = 8 ; V — ^f" 80 \ liody tissues even more dense than is usual in this genus, making observation of the organs very difficult. Neck tapering but little to the rounded lip region. Tail conoid to the pointed terminus. Wing area marked by six lines occupying about one-fourth the body width. Lips apparently arranged like those of Paurodontus deiisus (fig. 13). Spear as long as head width, slender and bearing well-developed, sym- metrical basal knobs. Esophagus with an irregular cylindrical corpus, narrow isthmus and greatly variable basal bulb wdiich bears an elon- gated valvular apparatus attaching it to the intestine. Lumen of esoph- agus very obscure. Intestine with dense, irregular sized granules. Ovary outstretched, the oocytes arranged in single file. Eggs fill the body cavity and are about three times as long as wide. Oviduct without a special branching spermatheca as in Paurodontus apiticus. Vulva a depressed transverse slit. Diagnosis: Paurodontus with the above measurements and gen- eral characters. Most closely related to P. ap'iticus from w'hich it differs in the relatively broader lip region, conspicuous wings and absence of an oviduct branch. Habitat: Soil about roots of shadscale, . I triplex confcrtifolia (Torr. & Frem.) S. Wats, collected west of Utah Lake, Utah, above the abandoned Mosida irrigation project. GENUS STICTYLUS THORNE, NEW GENUS Paukoi)ont]nai:. Characters of tlie subfamily. S])ear with asvm- June 30, 1941 nematodes of the family tylexchidae DD metrical knobs, the ventrosuhmedian ones lieini,^ nuieli lai;i;er than the dorsal one. Tail blunt and rounded. Bursa, where known, enveloping almost the entire tail. Diagnosis: Stictylus is immediately ditferentiated from Paiiro- doiitus, its only known relative, by the asymmetrical spear knobs, and blunt tail. Tyfe Species: Stictylus asDiiiiDictriciis Thorne, new species. KEY TO SPECIES OF STICTYLUS 1. Vulva a depressed slit obtusiis n. sp. p. .S5 X'ulva with protuberant labia asymmctricus n. sp. p. 55 Stictylus asymmetricus Thorne, new species Plate VI, Figs. 16-16f $ : 0.8 mm ; a = 22 ; b = 5.1 ; c = 27 ; V ^o 9(). cT : 0.8 mm ; a = 27 ; b = 5.7 ; c = 23 ; T — 65. The obese body of the female generally assumes an arcuate form. The four lines of the wing area occupy from one-fourth to one-third of the body width. Lip region low, rounded, not set off. The sub- median knobs of the spear are much larger than the dorsal one and at first the lumen of the esophagus follows ventrad against them. The outlet of the dorsal esophageal gland appears to empty directly into the base of the spear. Corpus of esophagus generally with a spindle- shaped swelling. Basal extension of the basal bulb variable in length (,fig. 16b, 16d). Intestinal cells filled with dense, coarse granules. Ovary outstretched in young females but usually reflexed a short distance in older ones with an occasional specimen in which it is doubly flexed. Oviduct cellular. Vulva a broad transverse slit with elevated labia. Spicula and gubernaculum tylenchoid. Bursa envelop- ing the tail almost to the terminus. Diagnosis: Stictylus with the above measurements and general description. Distinguished from S. obtusus by the form of the basal esophagus bulb, the shorter tail, and elevated labia of the vulva. Habitat: Soil about roots of desert plants near the U. S. Field Station, Sacaton, Arizona. Stictylus obtusus Thorne, new species Plate VI, Fig. 17, 17a ? : 1.0 mm ; a = 25 ; b = 6.4 ; c = 18 ; V — 66 90. The Great Basin Naturalist 56 GERALD THORNE Vol. Il.No. 2, Cuticle with tine transverse striae. Neck tapering unifurnil}- to the low, rounded lip region. Posteriorly the body tapers to the I)lunt, rounded tail which is about twice as long as the anal body diameter. The spear is slightly longer than the width of the lip region and is strongly knobbed, the two ventro-submedian knobs being much the larger. Corpus of esophagus with an elongated, spindle-shaped swell- ing slightly less than one-third as wide as the body. Isthmus slender, surrounded by a very distinct nerve ring. Basal bulb of esophagus ovate, its lumen triquetrous. Basal extension of bulb bluntly-conoid. Intestine with thin walls and scattering, variable-sized granules. At first it is three-fifths as wide as the body but almost immediately is crowded to one side by the ovary. Excretory pore opposite base of esophagus. (3vary reflexed half way back to vulva with oocytes arranged in single file. Uterus broad, thin-walled. Vagina extending about one- third the distance across the body, then turned almost at right angles to form an elongated, somewhat funnel-shaped portion connection with the uterus. Vulva a broad depressed slit. Diagnosis: Stictyliis with the above measurements and general description. Distinguished from its closets relative, .S". asynuuctriciis, by the longer female tail, depressed labia of vulva, long reflexed portion of ovary, and triquetious lumen of the basal esophageal bulb. Description and figures from notes and sketches made of a single specimen collected May 22, 1923, from soil about the roots of sugar- beets near Lewiston, Utah. Due to the writer's inexperience at that time it may be possible that the recording of a triquetrous, valvular lumen in the esophageal bulb was an error. NoTHOTYLENCHiNAE Thomc, ucw subfamil}' Tylenchidae. In general form and appearance these nematodes closely resemble those belonging to the genera TylLiwhits and Dity- lenchus. Corpus of esophagus either cylindroid or bearing a fusiform basal swelling without a valvular apparatus. Head framework di- vided into six sectors. Ovary prevulvar, posterior uterine branch al- ways present. Spicula and gubernaculum tylenchoid. Diagnosis : Tylenchidae without a valvular median esoi)hageal bulb. Distinguished from N eotylenchinae l)y the presence of only six sectors is the cephalic framework. From Paurodontiiiae it is imme diately differentiated by the absence of a posterior extension of the basal esophageal bulb. Type Genus: Notholyloiclius Thorne. new genus. JuiK' 30, 1941 NKMATODKS OF THK FAMILY TYLICNCl I I DAF 57 KEY TO GENERA OF NOTIIOTYLENCIIINAE 1. Cuticle abnormally thick and deeply striated. 77;a(/(? n. o-. p. (,2 Cuticle not abnormally thick, finely striated 2 2. Spear with tylenchoid basal knobs. Notlwtylciichus n. ,<;. j). 57 Spear with Hange-like basal projections. /?c;/£Y)(/()r/(.s- n.,^. ]>. 59 NoTiiOTYLENCHUs Thorne, new genus Nothotylenchinae: Cuticle thin, marked by fine transverse striae which are interrupted on the lateral fields by a wing area marked by four or more bright lines. Cephalic framework in six sectors. Spear with rounded basal knobs. Corpus of esophagus cylindrical, with or without a fusiform valveless bulb. Basal bulb of esophagus distinctly set off from intestine, sometimes slightly lobed. Anterior ovary outstretched, the oocytes arranged in single file. Rudimentary posterior uterine branch present. Spicula and gubernaculum tylench- oid. Bursa rising slightly anterior to spicula and extending to near the middle of the tail. DiAGN0.si.s: Nothotylenchinae with the above general characters. Distinguished from Thada by the thin, finely-striated cuticle and from Boleodorus by the rounded basal knobs of the spear. Type Species: Nothotylenchus acris Thorne, new species. To the uninitiated this group of names presents a puzzling prob- lem, for unless very careful examination is made under the highest powers of the microscope, they may easily be mistaken for Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn) Filipjev or D. intermedins (deMan) Filipjev, espe- cially since they are so frequently associated with alfalfa crowns where these two species often are found. KEY TO SPECIES OF NOTHOLYLENCHUS 1. Basal esophageal bulb elongate-cylindrical - cylindricoUis n. sp. p. 59 Basa esophageal bulb tapering 2 2. Terminus acute, wings 4 acris n. sp. p. 57 Terminus rounded, wings 6 af finis n. sp. p. 58 Nothotylenchus acrls Thorne, new species Plate VII. Figs. 18 -18c $ : 0.9 mm ; a = 33 ; b = 6.2 ; c = 15.5 ; V — ^o 80. d' : 0.7 mm ; a = 35 ; b = 6.5 ; c = 9.5 ; T - 48. The Great Basin Naturalist 58 GERALD thorm: Vol. II, No. 2, Body tapering anteriorly until the lip region is only about one- fourth as wide as the neck base. The conoid tail ends in an abruptly conoid, pointed terminus. Wing area marked by four lines which oc- cupy about one-fifth of the body width. Deirids very obscure, located near the base of the neck. Phasmids not seen. Spear slender, the apical portion occupying only about one-third of its length. Basal knobs of spear small, distinct. Corpus of esophagus with a fusiform valveless bulb. Isthmus long, slender, encircled by the conspicuous nerve ring. Lumen of esophagus exceedingly fine (exaggerated in fig. 18), passing through the ventral portion of the basal bulb. Dorsal esophageal gland nucleus large and conspicuous ; submedian gland nuclei very small, often invisible. Basal portion of esophageal bulb slightly lobed, extending back over the conoid, valvular apparatus connecting it to the intestine. Intestine with thick walls and narrow lumen. Ovary outstretched with oocytes arranged in single file. An- terior portion of oviduct forming a spermatheca. Posterior uterine branch two to three times as long as body width. Spicula practically identical to those of nemas of the genus TylencJius. Gubernaculum thin, trough-like. Bursa beginning about opposite the proximal ends of the spicula and extending slightly past the middle of the tail. Testis outstretched. Diagnosis : N otJiotylenchus with wing area marked by four lines and tail ending with an abruptly conoid, pointed terminus. Habitat: Soil about alfalfa crowns, Medford, Oregon, red clover roots, Redmond, Oregon, and sugar-beets, Arvin, California. NoTHOTYLENCHUS AFFiNis Thorne, new species Plate VII, Figs. 19 -19c ? : 0.65 mm ; a = 33 ; b = 5 ; c — 9 ; V - 41 71. iology instructor in the Hurricane High School, Mr. Jay King, a senior student of the High School interested in zoology, and the writer. We were surprised to find the following large number of shore birds feeding in this lake. With the aid of field glasses we were able to count the numbers of the various species. I was uncertain as to the identity of two species, so we collected specimens with the 410-gauge shotgun. The following is a list of the species on the lake on the above date : Plcgadis (jiiaraiina (L.). White-faced Glossy Ibis. A flock of 14 specimens were around the shore. They were quite wild taking to the air as we approached. The other species of this list were too busy feeding to be frightened away. Capclla dclicata (Ord.). Wilson Snipe. There were at least 30 individuals of this species feeding in various parts of the lake. Catoptrophonis sciuipaluiatiis iiioDiafits (Brewster). Western Willct. Tiiere were 15 specimens of this species. Totanns flavipcs (Gmelin). Lesser Yellow-legs. There was a flock of 20 specimens of this species. Three specimens were collected and are now in tlie Brigham Young University vertebrate collection. This species is not reported by Mr. Ross Hardy and H. G. Higgins, (An Annotated Check-list of the Birds of Washington County, Utah, Proc. Ut. Ac. Sci. Vol. 17. pp. 95-111, 1940) in their valuable paper on the birds of Washington County. This appears to be a new record for this county of Utah. lircunctcs inaiirii Cabanis. Western .Sandpiper. There were 30 to 40 sand- pipers on the lakes. One specimen was collected and is now in the Brigham Young University vertebrate collection. Rcciirvirostni aiiicricami Gniebn. .\vocet. There were 25 to 30 avocets on the lake. Iliiiiaiitopiis iiuwicainis (Muller). Black-necked Stilt. Only 5 specimens of this interesting wadder were on the lake. This is the first time that large flocks of most of these species have been observed in this county. Most of the records arc based upon a few migrants observed along the Virgin River. — V. M. T. 86 THE REPTILES A\D AAllTllBlAXS OF IDAHO XO. i WILMER W. TANNER In charge of Biological Scieuce Provo High School, Provo, Utah INTRODUCTION In the present paper, iirst of a series of papers on Idaho reptiles, an attempt has been made to bring together information on the am- ])hibians and reptiles of Idaho. This work has been in progress for many years and is an outgrowth of many collecting trips, not only by the author but by many of the Idaho students and other workers who have collected reptiles from various Idaho localities and have deposited them in the Hrigham Young University vertebrate collection. In fact this work was started in 1928 when Dr. Vasco M. Tanner and a group of students spent several weeks in southern Idaho. At al)out the same time Mr. Richard P. Erwin was working on the reptiles of western Idaho and sent over a hundred specimens to the Brigham Young Uni- versity. During the past few years additional information has been added and it now seems desirable to list the known records for the state. Besides those specimens found in the Brigham Young University I am indebted to the following for the use of specimens, notes or for suggestions : Dr. Victer E. Jones, University of Idaho Southern Branch at Pocatello; Prof. O. H. Smith, College of Idaho at Caldwell; Mrs. Ova B. Hawkins, Historical Society of Idaho at Boise; Mr. L. M. Klauber, Natural History Museum, San Diego; and to Dr. Vasco M. Tanner and Dr. D. K. Beck at the I)righam Young University. The writer has found the work of Mr. Richard P. I'.rwin very helpful, in studying the distribution of species in southwestern Idaho. AMPHIBIA Ambystoma mackodactylum Baird. The Long-toed Salamander Specimens taken by Mr. Erwin were mostly from Ada County. Ambystoma tigrinum slateri Dunn Published Records: Latah and Kootenai counties, (Dunn 1940). Remarks : Larval taken at Island Park and Warm River, Fre- mont County, and two specimens from Madison County are doubtful. It is more likely that these specimens belong to tigrirnum slateri. (1) Contribution No. 92 — from the Department of Zoology and Entomology -Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. 87 The Great Basin Naturalist 88 WILMER \V. TAXXEK Vol. II, No. 2, AmBYSTOMA TKIKIXLM NEBULOSUM Hallowell Plblished Records: McCammon, Bannock Co., (V. M. Tanner 1931). Remarks: Dr. E. R. Dunn in his recent paper, "Races of Aml)\- stoma tigrinum." suggests that this species should occur in southern Idaho and possibly larvae from "Snake River" and one from Malad ( (Jneida Co.) may belong here." Specimens collected in southern Idaho are two few in number to make a careful distributional study at this time. Plethodon idahoensis Slater & Slipp. The Idaho Salamander Five specimens were collected by Prof. James R. Slater and Mr. John W. vSlipp from the northeast corner of Coeur D'Alene Lake, Kootenai County, Idaho. This appears to be the first amphibian to be described from an Idaho locality. DiCAMPTODON EUSATUS ( Eschscholtz ) . The Pacific Giant Salamander Five specimens were collected in Mannering Creek, near Highway 95 A, 12 miles north of Harvard, Benewah County, Idaho, by Prof. J. R. Slater and Mr. J. W. Slipp. These specimens are believed to be th.e first reported for Idaho. AscAPHUS TRUEi Stcjneger. The American Bell Toad Published Records: One mile north of Health, Cuddy Mts., Washington Co. ; and one half mile east of Black Lake, Adams. Co. ; ( Linsdale 1933). Mannering Creek, near Highway 95A. 12 miles north of Harvard, Benew^ah County. (Slater & Slipp 1940). ScAPHiopus iNTERMONTANUs Copc. The Spade Foot Toad Published Records: Blackfoot Fork, (Cope 1871); Boise and Kauna Cave. Ada Co.; (Erwin 1928) ; Boise, Ada Co., (V. M. Tan- ner 1939). Remarks: This species occupies the southern parts of Idaho and n(jrth to the vicinity of Benewah County. The status of the specimens tf) the north is in doubt. Dr. Vasco M. Tanner in his recent paper "A Study of the Genus vScaphiopus" indicates the possible occurrence of Scaphiopus hammondii in Kootenai and Bonner Counties. Dr. Tanner assured me that specimens collected in northwestern Montana and northeastern Washington were liaiiiiiioiidii. The extension of this species into Montana indicates that it may l)e found in northern Idaho. BuFO BOREAS BOREAS (Baird & Girard). The Northwestern or Moun- tain Toad Published Records: Clark's Fork, lower Kootenai River. Bon- ner Co. ; Blue Lake, Mount Carlton. Kootenai Co. ; Pavette Lake and June 30, 1941 kkptilks axd amphibians (if idaho 89 ]\IcCalI. \alley Co.; Uoise. Ada Co.; Atlanta, Elmore Co.; Alturas Lake and Sawtooth, Custer Co. ; between lUue Lake and Shoshone Falls. Jerome Co.; Mink Creek near I'ocatello, Bannock Co.; Deep Lakes and Bloomington Canyon. Bear Lake Co.. (Slevin 1928). Fair- field. Camas Co. i\Y. W. Tanner 1940). New Record.s : Madison County, George Marler Sept. 9. 1926. Three miles south of Cascade, \'alley Co., Wilmer W. Tanner Aug. 16. 1940. Remarks: Mr. R. P. Erwin reports this species as "very com- mon" in southwestern Idaho. This toad is common in nearly all parts of Idaho. Pseudacris nigrita trisertata (Wied). The Three-striped Tree Frog Published Records: Nampa. Canyon Co.; Boise. Ada County; (Slevin 1928). Driggs. Teton County; (V. M. Tanner 1931). Delco. Cassia County; (W. W. Tanner 1940). Remarks: I have ol)served this little frog all along the Snake River from Kimberly, Twin Falls County, to Burley, Cassia County. fIvLA regilla Baird & Girard. The Pacific Tree Frog Published Records: Payette Lake and Lardo. Boise Co.; Boise, Ada Co.; (Slevin 1928). Remarks: In reporting this species for southwestern Idaho in 1928 Mr. R. P. Erwin regards it as "very common" and adds. "Found scattered all over the country, even in the mountains or anywhere the ground is moist or there is sufficient moisture in the atmosphere." That this species is numerous in and around Boise, Ada Co., 1 have no doubt; last summer (Aug. 17, 1940j three specimens were col- lected in a flower garden and others could be heard in all the ad- joining lots and fields. Rana catesbeiana Shaw. Bull Frog Reported as common in and around Boise. Ada County, by both Erwin and Slevin 1928. Mr. Erwin sa}'s that this frcjg was "intro- duced irom the east into Idaho in 1890 by W. H. Ridenbough. of lioise. Rana pifiens Schreber. The Leopard Frog Published Records: Sand Point and Hope. Bonner Co.; Weiser. Washington Co. ; Caldwell, Canyon Co. ; Boise, Ada Co. ; Mountain Home. Elmore Co. ; Spring Branch just above Shoshone Falls. Jerome Co. ; Black Foot & Fort Hall, Bingham Co. ; American Falls, Power Co.; Deep Lake and Bloomington Canyon, Bear Lake Co.; (Slevin 1928). Warm River, Island Park and Big Springs, Fremont Co.; Tlie Great Basin Naturalist 90 WILMKR \V. TANXRR Vol. lI.No. 2. Rexhurg, Madison Co. : Rigby, Jefferson Co. ; Malta and ( )akley. Cassia Co. ; Twin Falls and Shoshone Falls. Twin Falls Co. ; Mc- Camnion, I'annock Co.; and Paris, Rear Lake Co.; {W M. Tanner 1931 ). Delco, Cassia Co.; (W. W. Tanner 1940). LIZARDS Crotophytus collarts batleyi (Stejneger). The Western Collared Lizard Published Records : Mouth of Rruneau River. (3wyhee Co.; (Van Denburgh 1922). P)elow Melba. Snake River Canyon. Ada County; (Erwin 1928). Remarks: In reporting this species, Mr. Erwin regards it as "not common," and adds that it is "generally found on large boulders even during the hottest days." Crotophytus wislizenii (Baird & Girard). The Leopard Lizard Published Records: Snake River near Fort Jioise, (Cooper 1860). Plains across river from Glenns Ferry and mouth of Burneau River, Ovvhyee Co. ; Blue Lakes to Shoshone Falls, Jerome Co. ; Twin Falls and south side of Snake River near Salmon Falls, Twin Falls Co. ; Cottonwood Creek, Cassia Co. ; Plains north side of Snake River be- tween upper Salmon Falls and Bliss and between Bliss and Snake River, Gooding Co. ; Glenns Ferry and Mountain Home, Elmore Co. ; Boise, Ada Co. ; Weiser. Washington Co. ; Fort Hall. Bingham Co. ; (Van Denburgh 1922). Remarks: Mr. Erwin refers to this species as "fairly common," in southwestern Idaho. In my collection are several specimens col- lected at Fort Hall. Bingham Co.. by Dr. V. E. Jones in May 1936 and one specimen from Owyhee Co., collected in 1938. Uta stansburiana stansburiana (Baird & Girard). Stansbury Lizard Published Records: South side of Canyon between Shoshone Falls and Twin Falls, Twin Falls Co. ; Blue Lake to Shoshone Falls. Jerome Co. ; Plains and Snake River bottom near Bliss. Gooding Co.. (Van Denburgh 1922). Seventy-three specimens of this species col- lected from the following localities. Swan Falls (Snake River), Snake River below Melba and Ten Mile Creek, 15 miles south of Boise. Ada Co. ; Indian Cone, near Snake River and 4 miles south of Cleft, Elmore Co. ; Sucker Creek near Oregon Line south of Homedale, Bruneau River Canyon 15 miles south of Bruneau, and Reynolds Creek west of Murphy, Owyhee Co.; were collected by Mr. R. P. June 30. 1941 reptiles and amphibians of idaho 91 Erwin and sent to the r)righam Young University. In his report of southwestern Idaho he refers to this species as common in tlie rock\' desert areas. New Records: Near Shoshone Falls, Cassia Co.; Dr. D. V.. neck- June 1928; near Wilder. Canyon Co., \V. W. Tanner Aui^ust 1940. Remarks: This species is apparently common in southwestern Idaho. I found it to he numerous from Wilder, northwest aloni;- the Snake River to Adrian, Oregon. August 1940. ScELOPORUS cRACiosus GRACiosus ( Baird & Girard ) . The Sagebrush Swift Published Records: Fort Hall, Bingham Co.; and from Salt Lake to Oregon (Cope 1871). Blackfoot, Bingham Co.; Big Lost River, Butte Co. ; Lemhi Indian Agency, Lemhi Co. ; (Stejneger 1891 ). Pocatello, Bannock Co. ; Idaho Falls, Bonneville Co. ; Plains near Conant, Cassia Co. ; plains between Shoshone and Blue Lakes and Blue Lakes Canyon, Jerome Co. ; Bliss and Plains between Bliss and .Snake River, Gooding Co. ; Plains across river from Glenns Ferry, Owyhee Co.; Boise, Ada Co.; Weiser, Washington Co.; (Van Den- burgh 1922). Rexburg, Madisen Co.; (W. W^ Tanner 1940). New Records: Oakley, Cassia Co.; V. M. Tanner June 1928; Stone and Holbrook, Oneida Co., G. F. Knowlton. .Sceloporus occidentalis biseriatus (Hallowell). The Western Blue-bellied Lizard Published Records: The sage brush plains between Shoshone and Blue Lakes, Blue Lakes Canyon, on Canyon Walls at .Shoshone Falls north of ferry, Jerome Co.; and Boise, Ada Co.; (\'an Den- burgh 1922). Remarks: Mr. R. P. Erwin lists this species for southwestern Idaho with the comment that they are "very common." I have seen specimens from Ada and Owyhee Counties. Phrynosoma DOUGLASSii ORNATissiMUM (Girard). The .Short-Horned Horned Lizard Published Records : " Found on the plains west of the Rocky Mountains, as far west as the Cascade Range. One was caught in September near the Snake River, Oregon territory." (Cooper 1860). Fort Hall, Bingham Co., (Cope 1871). Clearwater River 7 miles above Lewiston and at Lewiston, Nez Perce Co. ; Boise, Ada Co. ; Big Butte, and Aero, Butte Co. ; Shoshone. Jerome Co. ; Sage Brush plains near Conant, and Cottonwood Creek, Cassia Co. ; Blackfoot, Bingham Co. ; American Falls, Power Co. ; and Pocatello, Bannock County. (Van Denburgh 1922). The Great Basin Naturalist 92 W'lI.MF.R W. TANNF.R \'()1. ll.Xo. 2, Rkmakks: The exact range of this species is not known; it ap- pears certain, however, to cover most of southern and central Idaho. Mr. l^rwin comments as follows: "We have found this lizard only occasionally in sandy places in rock-strewn, semi-arid country." In assigning Pliryiiosonia doiiglassii ornatissimum to Idaho, I real- ize that this is as yet quite an unsolved question. Few groups of rep- tiles are in such dire need of study as the short horned lizards. Probably the best summary of this group is that given by Dr. Van Denburgh in his "Reptiles of Western North America Vol. I. pp. 371-376. As it now stands one is not sure whether to refer to the Great Basin and Southern Idaho forms as P. d. ornatissimum or P. d. ornatum or if two distinct groups exist. Until more information is available I choose to use P. d. ornatissimum for the Idaho specimens. Ptiyknosoma platyrhinos Girard. The Desert Horned Lizard Published Records : Mouth of Bruneau River, and plains across river from Glenns Ferry, Owhyee Co. ; Lava Plains, Shoshone and .Snake River and Sage plains between Shoshone and Blue Lakes, Jerome Co. ; Plains between Bliss and Snake River, Gooding Co. ; Cottonwood Creek, Cassia Co. ; reported by Cope for Sandpoint, Bon- ner Co., (Van Denburgh 1922). Remarks : I have specimens collected from near Bliss by Dr. V. F. Jones, and two specimens collected from Owyhee County. Mr. Irwin reports this species as "fairly common." "Found in sandy, gravelly places in semi-arid areas." Its complete range in Idaho is unknown. Gerrhonatus coervleus prtncipts (luiird & Girard). The Northern Alligator Lizard Published Records: A few miles south of Sandpoint, Bonner Co., (Slipp 1940). Cnemidophorus tessellatits tessellatus (Say). Desert Whiptail Lizard PiTRLisHED Records: Between Shoshone Falls, Twin Falls and LTpper Salmon Falls, Twin Falls Co. ; Conant, Cassia Co. ; Bliss, Good- ing Co. ; Glenns Ferry, Elmore Co. ; Boise, Ada Co. ; Payette, Payette Co. ; (Van Denburgh 1922). Snake River Canyon southeast of Melba, and Swan Falls, Ada Co. ; Given's Hot Springs in the Snake River Valley, Canyon Co. ; Snake River across from Given's, 18 miles south of Bruneau, Bruneau River Canyon, South of Nampa, and south of Walter's ferry, Owyhee County (Burt 1931). New Records: This species was numerous in the willows on both June 30, 1941 RRPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF IDAHO 93 sides of Snake l\iver soutliwesl of Wilder, Canyon and ( )\v\liee Conn- lies, Ans^nst 17. 1940. laMi:CF.s .SKILTONIANFS SKTLTONiANi's ( I'aird &' Givard). Tlie West- ern Skink r'uHi.isHF.D Records: Boise, Ada Co.; and Fort Hall, llini^ham County, (Van Denburgh 1922). Pocatello, luinnock Co.; Lewiston. Xez Perce Co.. (Taylor 1935). Remarks: Mr. R. P. Erwin lists this species as "rare" in south- western Idaho. Intensive collecting" from Ada County north will un- doubtedly extend the range of this species in Idaho. SNAKES CiiARiNA BOTTAE ( Blainvillc) . The Rubber-Snake Published Records : Blue Lake and Hood's Valley, Kootenai Co. ; Hope. Bonner Co. ; and Fish Haven Creek, Bear Lake Co.. (Van Den- burgh 1922). Paris. Bear Lake Co., (V. M. Tanner 1933). New Records: Jarbridge Canyon, Owyhee Co., 1936, J. W. As- dale. Remarks: Mr. Erwin refers to this species as "fairly common" and as "usually found in moist shadv places, and especially in rotten logs." Diadophis amabilis occtdentalis Blanchard. The Western Ring- neck Snake One specimen was collected five miles southwest of Horseshoe Bend. Boise County, by Mr. Joe Webster, November 1937, (Reported by Uhler 1940). Diadophis regalis regalis (Baird 8z Girard). The Thimble Snake A specimen was collected in the mountains east of Preston. Frank- lin Co., by a student who later gave it to Dr. J. S. Stanford of the Utah State Agricultural College at Logan. Utah, (Reported by W. W. Tanner 1940). Coluber constrictor mormon (Baird & Girard). Blue Racer Published Records: Big Butte, Butte Co., (Stejneger 1890). Coeur D'Alene. Kootenai Co. ; Boise, Ada Co. ; Atlanta. Elmore Co. ; the mouth of the Bruneau River, Owyhee Co. ; and Upper Salmon Falls, Gooding Co., (Van Denburgh 1922). Caldwell, Canyon Co.. (W. W. Tanner 1940). New Records: Clifton, Franklin Co., Douglas Merrill 1933. Mt. Idaho, Idaho Co., W. W. Tanner 1940. The Great Basin Naturalist 94 WILMER \V. TANNER Vol. II, No. 2, Coluber taentati's taeniatus (Hallowell). The Western Striped Racer Published Records: Bliss. Gooding County, and r>oise, Ada County, Van Denburgh 1922). Remarks: Mr. R. P. Erwin reports this species as "common" in southwestern Idaho. I have seen several of the specimens collected l)v Mr. Erwin from Ada and Owyhee Counties. PiTuoPHis catenifer deserticola Stejneger. The Desert Gopher Snake Published Records: Fort Boise, Canyon Co., (Cooper 1860); Big Butte and Arco, Butte Co., (Stejneger 1891). Boise, Ada Co.; Blue Lakes, Twin Falls Co. ; Indian Valley, Adams Co. ; Bear Lake Co., (Van Denburgh 1922) ; Colson Creek, Salmon River, Lemhi Co.; .Swan Lake, and Pocatello, Bannock Co., (W. W. Tanner 1940). New Records: Two miles west of Boise, Ada Co., R. P. Erwin; Fairfield. Camas Co., Cleo Pond 1939; Jump Creek, Owyhee Co.; and a specimen from Moores Creek. Rhinocheilus lecontei Baird & Girard. The Long-nosed Snake One specimen was reported by Dr. John Van Denburgh for Glenns Ferry, Elmore Co., Idaho. This area is dry and provides an environ- ment very similar to that of southern and western Utah where several specimens of this snake have been collected. Careful collecting will surely produce more specimens from Idaho. Sonora miniata miniata Stickel Published Records : Snake River Canyon near Guifey, Ada County, (Erwin 1925-28). Remarks: One specimen in the State Historical Society of Idaho (No. 7) must be referred to this species. This specimen was collected by Mr, R. P. Erwin on the north rim of the Snake River near Guffey, Ada Co., April 1924. Other specimens were collected at tliis same time and deposited in other collections. The scale counts and measurements on this specimen are as fol- lows: Scale rows 15-15-14, ventrals 174, caudals 49. upper labials 7-7, lower labials 6-6, oculars 1-2, loreal 1-1. temporals 1-2, anal divided, total length 270, tail length 51, the color was uniform brown. Sonora semianulata semianulata Baird & Girard. Bicolor Ground Snake Published Records: Northern bank of the Snake River. Ada County and Bruneau River. Owyhee County. (Erwin 1925-28). Ri:marks: Two specimens collected by Mr. Richard !'. Erwin I Tune 30, 1941 reptiles and amphibians of idaho 95 have been studied 1)\' tlie writer. One specimen in the State Historical Society of Idaho (Xo. 4) was collected along with several other speci- mens on the north rim of the Snake River near Guffey. Ada County. April 1924. A second specimen in the reptile collection of the College of Idaho (No. 645) was collected at Hot Springs on the l')runeau River. Owyhee County. Idaho. Dr. Smith at the College of Idaho also reported that a specimen had been taken along the Snake River south of Caldwell. Canyon County. Idaho. Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus ochrorhynchus. The Night Snake Three specimens of this species were collected by Mr. Erwin. at Lucky Peak 7 miles east of Boise. June 29. 1919; Swan Falls. Snake River. September 17. 1824; and Ten Mile Creek Canyon, 15 miles south of Boise, Ada County, Idaho, (Erwin 1925-28). Thamnophis ordinoides vagrans Baird & Girard Published Records: Fort Boise( Cooper 1860) between Copen- hagen, Utah and Fort Hall. Idaho, (Cope 1871) ; Salmon River Moun- tains, Lemhi Co. ; Challis Valley, Custer Co. ; Birch Creek, Clark Co. ; and Trail Creek, Idaho. (Stejneger 1891). Sand Point and Hope. Bonner Co. ; Kootenai County ; Wardner, Shoshone Co. ; Lewiston. Nez Perce Co. ; Weiser, Washington Co. ; Payette Lakes, Valley Co. ; Boise. Ada Co. ; Malad River Canyon, Camas, Kelchum, and Guyer Hot Springs, Blaine Co. ; Arco, Butte Co. ; Shoshone Falls, Jerome Co. ; Salmon Falls, Twin Falls Co. ; Albion and Cottonwood Creek, Cassia Co. ; Fort Hall. Bingham Co. ; Malad. Oneida Co. ; and Bear Lake, Bear Lake Co.; Idaho (Van Denburgh 1922). Mr. Henry S. Fitch in his recent paper on the Ordinoides group lists specimens from the following localities: Troy, Latah Co.; Castle Rock Ranger Station, south fork of Clear Water River, Idaho Co. ; ^ mile east of Black Lake. 1 mile north of Bear Ranger Station Mount Smith, Adams Co.; Heath, Cuddy Mountains, Crane Creek, 15 miles east of Mid- vale. Washington Co. ; Island Park, Snake River near Yellowstone National Park, inlet to Henry's Lake, Sheridan Creek, Fremont Co. ; Idaho City, Boise Co. ; Pass Creek, Butte Co. ; 3 miles southwest of Victor, Teton Co. ; Petit Lake, Alturas Lake, Blaine Co. ; 7 miles west of Idaho Falls, Bonneville Co. ; 2 miles southwest of Aberdeen, Bing- ham Co. ; Homedale. .Snake River north of Murphy. Reynolds Creek 12 miles south of Snake River. Castle Creek 8 miles south of Oreana. and Indian Creek 2 miles south of Riddle, Owyhee Co. ; Little Wood River, Lincoln County; Elba, Cassia Co.; (Fitch 1940); Lewston. Ketchum, Fort Hall. Idaho. (Ruthven 1908). New Records: Jefferson Co.. George Marler July 1926; Madison The Great Basin Naturalist 96 WILMER W . TANNER Vol. II, No. 2, County, George Maiier June 1926; Oakley. Cassia Co.. \\ M. Tanner 1928; Delco, Cassia Co.. W. W. Tanner July 1939; Warm River Crossing, Fremont County, George Marler 1926; Clifton, Franklin Co., Douglas Merrill July 1933; Shoshone Falls, Jerome Co.; V. M. Tanner & D. E. Beck, June 1928; Fairtield, Camas Co., Cleo Pond. July 1938 ; Pocatello. V. E. Jones. Bannock Co. ; Whitebird. Idaho Co., W. W. Tanner. August 1940; Belvidere. Valley Co.. W. W. Tan- ner August 1940. Remarks: Many specimens collected by Mr. R. P. Erwin from southwestern Idaho are in the State Museum at Boise. Idaho. In commenting on this species Mr. Erwin refers to it as "very common." Thamnophis sirtalis PARiETALis (Say). The Prairie Garter Snake Published Records: Bear Lake, Bear Lake Co.; Weiser, Wash- ington Co. ; Boise, Ada Co. ; Payette Lake, Boise Co. ; and Blue Lake, Jerome Co., (Van Denburgh 1922). New Records: Dagget Creek, Boise Co., R. P. Erwin Aug. 1925; Caldwell, Canyon Co., (no date or collector listed) ; Clark Co., George Marler Sept. 1926; Clifton, Franklin Co., Douglas Merrill. 1933; Delco, Cassia Co., W. W. Tanner, July 1939. Remarks : Mr. R. P. Erwin lists Sirtalis concinnus for south- western Idaho. This was undoubtedly a misidentification, since concinnus is limited to the Cascade area. Specimens examined from the Ada-Canyon Co. areas appear more like the parictalis group both in color and scale counts, than to those of Northern Idaho and Wash- ington. Unfortunately too few specimens are available to make a care- ful separation at this time. TiTAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS TETRATAENIA (Copc) Two specimens collected at a small stream just west of Coeur D'Alene Lake, Kootenai, Co., are referred to this subspecies. The scale counts are identical with specimens from southern Idaho but the color pattern is much darker. In color they are more like the speci- mens of Yakima, Washington. Here again too few specimens are at hand to state with certainty to which subspecies they should be re- ferred. Because of their close resemblance to the Washington speci- mens it seems more likely that they belong to this subspecies. Crotalus viridis lutosus (Klauber). The Great Basin Rattlesnake Published Records: Snake River, (Cooper 1860); Blue Lake Canyon, Jerome Co. ; Twin Falls, Twin Falls Co. ; Big Butte and Little Lost River, Butte Co., Idaho, (Van Denburgh 1922). Black Creek Canyon 15 miles south of Boise, Ada County, (Erwin 1925). Melba. June 30, 1941 reptiles and ampiiihiaxs of idaho 97 Canyon Co. ; Rcgena and Cleft. IClmore Co. ; Madison Co. ; and Teton Co.; (Klauber 1930). Fairtield. Camas Co., (W. W. Tanner 1940). New Records: Clifton. Franklin Co.; Douglas Merrill July 1933; near Bannock, Power Count}', \V. \\ . Tanner 1939; Pocatello, \'ic- tor E. Jones, May 1936. Remarks: Mr. L. M. Klauber informs me that "littosiis occupies the southern, part of the state from Fremont and Clark Counties on the east to Southern Valley County and Payette County on the west, and from these south, although there is a section in the central area where they apparently do not go quite so far north as a straight line drawn between the counties mentioned." Crotalus viridis viridis ( Ratinesque ). The Prairie Rattlesnake Published Records: Lemhi Valley near Indian Agency (Stej- neger 1891). Remarks: Mr. L. M. Klauber reports tlie range for this species U) be, "along the Salmon and Lemhi Rivers from Horse Creek east and southeast at least to the town of Lemhi." Crotalus viridis oreganus Holbrook. The Pacific Rattlesnake This subspecies is reported by Mr. L. M. Klauber to occur "along the western edge of Idaho from Weiser and Council on the south to Riverdale, Kootenai Co. on the north, and to penetrate eastward up tlie river valleys, especially up the Salmon and Clear Water Rivers." SUMMARY 1. In this report 12 species of amphibia and 26 species of Reptiles are listed for Idaho. 2. Notes on the general distribution within Idaho and published records available to the writer are listed. 3. Many of the species are based upon comparatively few records, and several by only one specimen. Careful collecting will surely pro- duce interesting: distributional records for Idaho. Gull Banding Notes at Utah Lake The California gull. Lanis Califoniicus Lawrence was first banded at Rock Island in Utah Lake on June 14, 1940. The banding party consisted of Reed Biddulph, Dr. W. B. Hales. Dr. D. E. Beck, James Bee, Cluff Hopla, Blair Carlson, Dwight Taylor, Vasco Jordan Tanner, and Dr. Vasco M. Tanner. Band- ing began at 7:00 A. M.. and by 11:50 A. M. 1,000 gulls had been banded with three bands ; a yellow band over a red one on the right leg and an aluminum Biological Survey band on the left leg. The survey bands were numbered 680,001 to 681,000. This banding was undertaken for tiie purpose of ascertaining something about the migratory movements of the gulls. We are especially anxious to learn if the birds return to this island and if they select the territory on the island in which they were reared. At this writing we have received reports from the Fish and Wildlife Service and Mrs. Grace Sargent, chairman of Pacific Gull Project on twenty-seven of the banded gulls. One no. 680,997 was found dead by W. R. Creer on July 1, 1940 at Spanish Fork, Utah ; while seventeen were found dead by the writer and Dr. Beck on Rock Island on July 16, 1940. Apparently many of these were injured by the adult gulls at the time of banding. On July 29, 1940 one was found sick and unable to fly by Miss Delia Barney at Spanish Fork ; one was caugh near Fallen, Nevada on July 30 by Edwin Harrigan ; one was found dead by Elizabeth Aureiter at Wecoma Beach, near Ocean Lake, Oregon on August 3 ; one was found injured and killed by George Hummer at Santa Cruz, California, on August 4. Buster Hammond of Newport, Oregon found one dead on August 24 ; and Mr. V. T. Wilson on August 26 found one dead on the Bear River Refuge. Two different gulls were sighted at La Jolla, California by Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Hutchinson ; one on February 2, 1941 and the other one on Febru- ary 24. Mr. P. Stoddard saw one on February 8, on the University of California Campus at Los Angeles. For the second year 1,000 gulls were banded on Rock Island on June 17, 1941. The members of the party this year were Ted Johnson, Harry Chandler, E. C. Draper, Dr. D. E. Beck, J. C. Dement, Jordan Tanner, Carmela Tanner, and Dr. Vasco M. Tanner. Three bands a red, then aluminum survey band and finally a yellow one were put on the left leg. The aluminum bands were numlx'red 649,001 to 650,000. After banding we estimated that one out of every fifteen or sixteen of the young gulls was banded. There are about ten to twelve thousand nests on the island this year and barring fatality, due to cold stormy weather, the infertility of the eggs, and starvation, there will be at least fifteen to sixteen thousand young gulls reach flight maturity. Dr. Beck has made a rather careful study of the gulls since they came to the island last spring and we believe there are at least twenty-four to twenty-five thousand adult gulls in the colony. We are surprised at being unable to find any of the 1940 banded gulls in the colony. Considerable care and time has been spent in observing the gulls on the island and in the fields this spring, but as yet we have failed to find any banded birds.— V.M.T. 98 NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA FROM UTAH *i' (Omophronidae and Dytiscidae) HARRY P. CHANDLER While collectiiii,^ on the Escahmte River in the Colorado River region a large series of light colored Omophronidae were obtained. These proved uniformly different from our more common southern Utah form in the Genus Homophron. When the latter w^as checked it was found not to agree with any of the descriptions of this genus. r>oth forms are closely related to illustrc and various subspecies of aiiicricaiiitiii, but have the maculations more restricted. KEY TO THE UTAH SPECIES OE OMOPHRONIDAE 1. Elytra 15 striate Homophron 2 Elytra 14 striate Prosccon 4 2. Pale areas of the dorsal surface predominating, no rom- boidal maculation on the suture of the elytra near the apex ^ Dark areas of the dorsal surface about equal to the pale areas, elytra shining, with bright dark metallic green luster, suture usually with a romboidal maculation near the apex illustrc Csy. 3. Tips of mandibles short and stubby (Fig. 7), ground color testaceous, maculations black, only faintly me- tallic, ambulatorial setae on the fifth abdominal ster- nite tanncri sp. nov. Tips of mandibles long and pointed (Fig. 6U ground color cream, maculations more confined, bright me- tallic green in color, rarely with ambulatorial setae on fifth abdominal sternite tanncri proximiun subsp. nov. 4. Dark areas predominant, maculations black or with very faint metallic color, striae deep and rather coarsely and deeply punctured oblitcrafum utensc Csy. General color of upper surface pale, the dark markings small without metallic color, or color very faint, luster dull gilac pallidum Csy. (1) Contribution No. 93 from the Department of Zoology and Entomology, 13righam Young University, Provo, Utah. 99 The Great Basin Naturalist 100 HARRY P. CHANDLb:R Vol. II, Xo. 2, HoMOPHRON TANXERi Chandler, sp. nov. Female: Length 5.8-7.0 mm. Width .x6-4.2 mm. General color, ground color of the upper surface testaceous, maculations black with faint metallic green tint, becoming stronger anteriorly, pale area pre- dominating but less so than in Fig. 8, under surface dark piceous red. Head with angular pale smooth frontal area, metallic green basal area with punctures and sculpturing, the posterior side of the clypeus is somewhat paraboloid, the lateral edges being darkened so as to make the curve seem more even. Mandibles (Fig. 7) are short and stubby as in H. americaniim, dorsal ridge evenly curved to join the lateral edge of the mandible. Eyes black, and prominent ; antenna slender, flavo testaceous, basal four joints glaberous, distal joints pubescent. Pronotum predominantly dark, faint metallic green with pale lateral edges ; posterior and anterior arms of pale extend inward becoming quite dark in color. The lateral edge tinely emarginate. Elytra 15 striate, striae finely impressed, intervals moderately convex, flatly so behind the posterior maculations. Body beneath, prosternum margi- nate along the sides of the posterior process. Metasternum marginate along the anterior and lateral edges of the disk. Ambulatorial setae on segments 4, 5, and 6 of the abdomen. Male: Length 5.2-5.9 mm. Width 3.3-3.6 mm. I'rothoracic tarsi with the first segments enlarged and widened having a brush under- neath, second joint with small brush. Type Locality: Moab, San Juan Co., L^tah. Besides the female holotype and male allot\i)e which are from Moab, Utah, there are also 35 females and 20 males from Moab, Utah, collected by the following: James Kartchner. Anson Call Jr., Irwin Rasmussen and Dr. Vasco M. Tanner. Other localities represented are La Sal, Utah (Anson Call) ; Blanding, Utah (Vasco M. Tanner) : Marysvale, Utah (Vasco M. Tanner) ; and Vernal. Utah (Rowland Rigby). The holotype and allotype along with about 50 paratypes are in the Brigham Young L^niversity Collection. Paratypes will be de- posited at the California Academy of Sciences and the U. S. National Museum. Habitat: This species is found in a sandstone desert area along the banks of rivers on the sandy banks. Remark: This species is related to Hoiiiopliroii ilhtstrc, and //. americanum texanimi but is less broadly oval and smaller, especially in the male. The maculations are more restricted and the upper sur- face less glassy without the prominent metallic dark green luster. NEW UTAH COLKOPTERA June 30, 1941 Ne^ Species of Coleopiera from Ufah by Harry R Chandler 101 Fh>sttm3l epimemn- — Mesos^emil epiitemim- Mescsfernil epimeron-. Mtiaiitrml episivrtn- Metasiermm ~ f -jj. MeUsfvnal epimerori - AnttCMs/ piece- Mthcoxi— - Ventral segmmh' 1 0 Venfral vifw of H. finnerl proximum HydroporuS. frampuncfafus aedeagus Figures 1 to 16 The Great Basin Xaturalist 102 HARRY P. CHANDLER Vol. 11, No. 2, HoMOPHRON TANNERi PROxiMUM Chandler, subsp. nov. Female: (Fig. 8 & 10). Length 6.1-6.5 mm. Width 3.7-4 mm. General color, base color of the upper surface is cream with bright metallic green maculations, pale area predominating, under surface reddish brown. Head with angular pale impunctate frontal area, metallis green basal area with punctures and sculpturing ; antenna (Fig. 9) ; mandibles large with long sharp tips (Fig. 6), the dorsal ridge sharply bent on fusing with the lateral edge ; mouth parts (Fig. 2, 3, & 4). Pronotum predominantly bright metallic green with pale lateral edges finely marginate. Elytra 15 striate, striae weakly impressed, faintly extending beyond the posterior dark spot ; intervals flatly convex ; punctures small and deep, not impressed behind the posterior dark spot, except rarely very faintly. Ambulatorial setae (Fig. 10) on segments 4 and 6 of the abdomen, rarely on the fifth. Genitalia Fig. 1. Male: Length 5.7-6.1 mm. Width 3.3-3.7 mm. Prothoracic tarsi with basal 2 joints enlarged (Fig. 5). Type Locality: Box Canyon near the junction of Calf Creek and the Escalante River in Garfield Co., Utah, (the first right hand canyon on the Escalante River above Calf Creek). Habitat: A large number of this subspecies were taken at the head of a box canyon near an isolated pool, which was about 30 feet in diameter with a small stream running out of it for about 100 feet. They were quite numerous and were found hiding in cracks and under the leaves rather than burrowing holes in the sand. This pool is about 2 miles from the Escalante River and has no water connections except possibly for a brief period during the spring runoff or thunder showers. Tt appears that the species may have developed around these isolated shaded still water pools at the head of the box canyons of the vicinity. On the Escalante River proper the form seems to be very variable, approaching H. tanneri with various combinations of the characters of each type. The individual characters do not seem to intergrade. Some specimens, seemingly hybrids, are larger and more broadly oval than either tanneri or tanneri proxinmm. The holotype and allot^'pe will be placed in the P>righam Young University collection. I'esides the holotype and allotype there are 30 paratypes all from the type locality. June 30, 1941 nkw utah coleoptera 103 FAMILY DYTISriDAK Hydroporus transpunctatus Chandler, sp. nov. Length, male 5 mm. ; female 4.8 mm. Width, male 2.4 mm. ; fe- male 2.35 mm. General form evenly elyptical (Fig. 11) ; integuments shining alutaceous, elytra of male less alutaceous. Ventral side almost entirely black. Head black except for a sharply defined transverse rufous patch on the vertex, underside black. Antennae and mouth parts piceous, a little less so on the under side and at the base of each segment. Pronotum alutaceous with disk finely and sparcely punc- tured, margins more closely and coarsely punctured especially in the male, lateral edges finely but distinctly margined. Elytra a clear pice- ous brown ; the suture black ; the inflexed edge, which covers the black side pieces of the ventral segments, appearing black; a faint longitudi- nal row of coarser punctures about a third of the width of the elytra from the suture. Punctures of the elytra small arranged in trans- versely elongate reticulate rows, (Fig. 12), the distance between the rows about 2-2^ times the distance between the punctures in the same row. Pubescence fine, about twice the distance between the rows of punctures in length. Prosternum and epipleura black. Metasternum and coxal plates finely and sparsely punctured, punctures coarser at sides, less so in female. Ventral segments faintly and sparsely punc- tured except the sides of the first and second segments of the male which are coarsely and closely punctured as is also the posterior half of the last segment ; the female with obscure rufous spots at sides. Legs black except the inner sides of the tibia tarsus and trochanters which may be obscurely rufous. Pro- (Fig. 13) and mesotarsi of male broadly expanded ; the second segment of the protarsus slightly wider than the first segment which is slightly wider than the third, the sec- ond segment twice as wide as long, the third with the lobes as long as the basal part, the claws large the anterior one shorter, stouter and more curved at tip. Male mesotarsus with joints 1 to 3 slightly de- creasing in width, general form similar to protarsi, claws small, a little larger than those of the hind tarsi. Female protarsi (Fig. 14) resembling somewhat the male in gen- eral form but much reduced, the fourth segment completely reduced, the fifth united with the bilobed third, so that the third appears tri- lobed, the posterior lobe somewhat reduced. Only one claw is devel- oped, it is stout, small and evenly curved. Female mesotarsus not widely expanded. Male genitalia (Fig. 15 and 16). Type Locality : The author collected both the male Holotype and The Great Basin Naturalist 104 HARRY P. CHANDLER \'()1. I T. Xo. 2. the female Allotype on Aui^-. 1, 1938 at Salamander Lake (pond), Mj. Timpanogos, Ut. Co.. Utah. The holotype is labeled "Aspen Grove Ut., No. A534, 8/1/38." It will be deposited in the collection at the Brigham Young University. The allotype is labeled "Aspen Grove Ut.. No. A535, 8/1/38"; it W'ill remain in the author's personal collection. The arrangement of the punctures of the elytra in lines is more evident if a source of light from above is used. The punctures are quite small but are evident if a good magnification is obtained. This species would likely be run to axillaris in Fall's key. It may easily be separated by the greater amount of piceousness of the under surface and mouthparts, and the arrangement of the punctures of the elytra. The modification of the female protarsus is quite unique if it proves constant. Painted Lady Butterfly in Migration Again we wish to record the migratory movements of the Painted Lady Butterfly, Vanessa cardnii L. While on a collection and study trip through south- western Utah and Clark County, Nevada, the writer encountered large numibers of this species at Kanarraville, Iron County, Utah, on April 27, 1941. They were flying northward along highway 91. I continued to pass through hundreds of specimens flying from three to ten feet high, down to Anderson's Ranch in Wash- ington County, Utah. From here to Hurricane and St. George there was about the normal number of specitnens of this species, flitting about in the fields and along the highway. On April 30 I again encountered this species in migration north- ward over the Mormon Mesa in Nevada. This same species was common around Boulder City and Hemenway Wash and on Horseshoe Island in Mead Lake on May L, 2, and 3. Mr. Russell K. Grater, Zion Park Naturalist and Dr. A. M. Woodbury of the University of Utah, reported to the writer a heavy migration northward in Sevier and Sanpete valleys of central Utah from April 30 to May 5, 1941. Several specimens were collected at these various localities which makes certain the identification of this species. — V. M. T. THREE NEW MAMMALS (MTCROTUS AND OCHOTONA) FROM UTAH(i) E. RAYMOND HALL Associate Professor of Vertebrate Zoology University of California and C. LYNX HAYWARD Assistant Professor of Zoology Brigham Young University Recognition, several years ago, of the distinctive characters of specimens of Microtus montanus from central Utah led to the saving of additional specimens for the collections of the Zoology Department of Brigham Young University. Study and comparison of these speci- mens with topotypes and other pertinent materials in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University of California reveals the ex- istence of two hitherto unnamed geographic races of meadow mice. Also, specimens of the pika from south-central Utah are found to belong to a previously unrecognized race. Descriptions and names for these three new subspecies are offered below : Microtus montanus amosus Hall and Hayward, subsp. nov. Type: Female, adult, skin and skull; no. 95272, Mus. Vert. Zool. ; Torrey, Wayne County, Utah; June 18, 1938; collected by James W. Bee ; original no. 705. Range : Fremont River drainage in south-central Utah. Diagnosis: Size large; tail long (25 to 27 per cent of total length) ; color reddish; skull with short palate and short nasals; hraincase wide across mastoidal region ; auditory bullae large. Comparisons: Individuals of this race are larger than those of nanus, nexus, fiisus or micropus and apparently are larger even than ariconensis. The size is about as in fucosus and rivularis. The red- dish color of the upper parts distinguishes amosus from nanus, mi- cropus, fucosus and in lesser degree from nexus, but resembles that of fusus, arizonensis and rivularis. From rivularis, . seemingly the closest relative of amosus, it is distinguished by smaller skull, with, nevertheless, much larger auditory bullae. Individuals of arizonensis, which is the second closest relative of amosus, are smaller bodied. (1) Contribution from: the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. University of California, and the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University. 105 The Great Basin Naturalist 106 E. RAYMOND HALL, C. LYNN HAYWARD Vol. II, No. 2, Remarks : Specimens, not at this writing available for examina- tion, from Jensen, Uintah County, Utah, were previously commented upon (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 51, p. 132) as intermediate in some respects between the small reddish race fustis from Colorado and the larger, more blackish race micropus from Nevada. These specimens from Jensen possess several characters which give basis for thinking that when the geographic ranges of the subspecies of Microtus montaniis in Utah are more thoroughly worked out, the race amosus will be found to have an extensive range in the Colorado River drainage in that State. Measurements : Average and extreme measurements in milli- meters of 3 adult males from Steep Creek, Garfield County, and 5 adult females from Torrey, Wayne County, are: Total length, J^, 174 (170-179), ?, 180 (175-185) ; length of tail, 44 (41.5^6), 48 (40- 54) ; length of hind foot, 20.2 (20.0-20.5), 20.7 (20.0-21.5) ; weight in grams, 62.0 (57-67), 67.0 (58-76) ; condylobasal length, 29.2 (28.9- 29.5), 29.9 (29.0-30.3); occipitonasal length, 27.8 (27.4-28.1), 28.4 (27.4-29.4); nasal length, 8.4 (8.2-8.5), 8.6 (8.3-8.9); zygomatic breadth, 16.9 (16.5-17.3), 17.3 (17.0-17.6); interorbital breadth, 3.6 (3.6-3.6), 3.7 (3.5-3.9); mastoidal breadth, 13.8 (13.2-14.6), 13.6 (13.3-13.9) ; alveolar length of upper molar series, 7.1 (7.0-7.2), 7.4 (7.1-7.7) ; breadth of rostrum measured between ventral margins of infraorbital canals, 5.3 (5.2-5.3), 5.5 (5.4-5.7); palatilar length, 14.9 (14.5-15.2), 15.6 (15.0-16.0) ; width of tympanic bulla between ante- rodorsal face of external auditory meatus and posterior opening of stapedial canal, 6.3 (6.2-6.3), 6.4 (6.2-6.5). Specimens Examined: Total number, 25, as follows: WAYNE CO.: Torrey, 6,500 ft., 15. GARFIELD CO.: Steep Creek, 8,500 ft., 10. With the exception of the type, all specimens are in the collection of the Department of Zoology, Brigham Young University. Microtus montanus nexus Hall and Hayward, subsp. nov. Type: Female, adult, skin and skull; no. 95271, Mus. Vert. Zool. ; West Canyon, Oquirrh Range, Utah County, Utah; August 3, 1939; collected by James W. Bee; original no. 19-8-3-39. Range : Valleys and mountains of central Utah from Ogden south to Fish Lake Plateau ; limits of range undetermined. Diagnosis: Size medium; tail relatively long (averaging 28 per cent of total length) ; upper parts with some reddish and some black- ish ; skull small ; palate and nasals short ; braincase relatively narrow across mastoidal region ; tympanic bullae large. Tune 30, 1941 new utah mammals 107 Comparisons and Remarks: Individuals of this race are small and in that respect approach nanus and fusus. M. ni. nexus is less red- dish and more blackish than fiistis, blacker and less grayish than nanus and less blackish than the larger micropus. Although this subspecies is smaller than micropus, the auditory bullae are more inflated and ac- tually are larger. The shorter palate, relatively shorter nasals, and relatively narrower braincase, as measured across the mastoidal proc- esses, are other features differentiating nexus from micropus. The large bullae is a feature found also in oniosus but it and rivularis can be differentiated readily from nexus by larger size. The specimens from Fish Lake come from within the Colorado River drainage and therefore might be expected to be referable to amosus. Nevertheless they have more of the characters of nexus al- though they are not typical of that race. Measurements: Measurements of 3 adults, J^ no. 1728, 5 "O- 1730, and the type are: Total length, 172, 168, 155; length of tail, 42, 46, 41 ; length of hind foot, 21, 20.3, 20; weight in grams, 57, 70, 50; condylobasal length, 27.8, 27.5, 27.2; occipitonasal length, 26.5, 26.2, 26.2; nasal length, 8.0, 7.5, 7.3; zygomatic breadth, 16.0, 15.9, 15.6; interorbital breadth, 3.7. 3.6, 3.6; mastoidal breadth, 12.3, 12.3, 12.0; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6.4, 6.7, 6.5 ; breadth of ros- trum measured between ventral margins of infraorbital canals, 5.2, 5.3, 5.0; palatilar length, 14.3, 14.4, 14.2; width of tympanic bulla be- tween anterodorsal face of external auditory meatus and posterior opening of stapedial canal, 5.9, 6.4, 6.3. Specimens Examined: Total number, 16, all from Utah, as fol- lows : WEBER CO. : Ogden, 4293 ft., 3 (M.V.Z.) ; UTAH CO. : West Canyon, Oquirrh Range, 8 (7 in B.Y.U.), Provo, 4510 ft., 1 (M.V.Z.) ; SEVIER CO.: 10 mi. N. Fish Lake, Fish Lake Mts., 10,000 ft., 4 (M.V.Z.). OcHOTONA PRiNCEPS UTAHENSis Hall and Hayward, subsp. nov. Type: Male, adult, skin and skull; no. 95273, Mus. Vert. Zool. ; 2 miles west of Deer Lake, Garfield County, Utah; June 25. 1938; collected by George Stanton Cannon ; original no. 73. Range: Known only from the type locality. Diagnosis : Size large ; hind foot of medium length ; color dark grayish above; anteroposterior extent of palatal bridge equal to or more than transverse width of crown of last upper molar; interptery- goid space only slightly spatulate or parallel sided ; tympanic bullae large ; nasals broad posteriorly. The Great Basin Naturalist 108 E. RAYMOND HALL, C. LYNN HAYWARD Vol. II, No. 2, Comparisons: Among named kinds of pikas this subspecies most closely resembles Ochotona princcps saxatilis from the Rocky Moun- tains of Colorado in cranial characters. The tympanic bullae are larger in utahensis and this is the only distinguishing feature noted between skulls of the two. The hind foot of utahensis, if we may re- ly on collectors' measurements, is shorter and it is easily recognizable by the grayer color. The upper parts (June-taken specimens) are dark gray and lack the buiify or cinnamon color of saxatilis in comp- arable pelage ; the underparts are darker cinnamon on the chest. From O. p. cinnamomca and O. p. fuscipes which occur nearby to the westward, utahensis dififers in larger size, grayer (less cinnamon) color, wider (anteroposteriorly) palatal bridge, and more nearly straight sides on the incisive foramina. The tympanic bullae of utah- ensis are smaller than in fuscipes and larger than in cinnamomea. Remarks : Specimen labels bear the notation "Private Lake, SE Aquarius Plateau." We have not found this name on any map. The place where the specimens were taken is 2 miles west of Deer Lake, shown on the United States Forest Service map of Powell National Forest. Neither has a land survey been located for the area in ques- tion but it is judged that the locality lies in Sec. 9, R. 5E, T. 32S, Salt Lake Meridian. Measurements: Average and extreme measurements of 5 in- dividuals ( 3 (^(^ and 2 $$) from the type locality are: Total length, 191 (180-200); length of hind foot, 29.2 (28-30); occipitonasal length, 45.5 (42.8-47.4) ; zygomatic breadth, 22.1 (21.5-23.1) ; breadth of braincase, 18.5 (18.0-18.9) ; postorbital breadth, 14.6 (14.4-14.8) ; interorbital breadth, 5.4 (5.0-5.7) ; width of palatal bridge, 2.4 (2.1- 2.8); length of nasals, 15.3 (14.8-16.3); alveolar length of upper toothrow, 9.1 (8.8-9.5). Specimens Examined: Five from the type locality, four of which are deposited in the vertebrate collection at Brigham Young University. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Largest private institution of higher learning in the Intermountain Region, Brigham Young University is organized into five colleges, three divisions, and the graduate school. Four quarters of instruction are provided annually. 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Bragg 109 Two New Species of Aphaenogaster (Hymenoptera: Formi- cidae, Marion R. Smith 118 New Bird Records from Zion National Park 121 Antarctic Birds Contributed by Dr. Russell G. Frazier . . . 122 Published at Provo, Utah, by the Department of Zoology and Entomology of Brigham Young University The Great Basin Naturalist Vasco M. Tanner, Editor C. Lynn Hayward, Assistant Editor A journal published four times a year by the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Manuscripts. Only original unpublished manuscripts, pertaining to the Great Basin and the Western United States in the main, will be accepted. Manuscripts are subjected to the approval of the editor. Illustrations. All illustrations should be made with a view to having them appear within the limits of the printed page. The illus- trations that form a part of an article should accompany the manu- script. 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The Great Basin Naturalist Published by the ^ Department of Zoology and Entomology NT^ Zeotegy *ff^ \^\d\s>o Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah ( 0£C 15 194] i'. w. ivoodhousii was never found lireeding. nor any evi- dence of its having bred, in roadside ditches in this region. These observations confirm two conclusions drawn from a stud} of tliese toads in Oklahoma (IJragg, 1940a) : ( 1 ) that tlie}- l)reed more or less independently of rain and (2) that this is a very adjustable and versatile species whose habits are not so fixed that they cannot l)e changed considerably in adaptation to various habitats. (3) Pseudacris triseriata Wied. This little hylid was found on one night only, l)reeding in considerable numbers in grassy, clear- water, shallow pools after the rain of 2.04 inches on .August 5 and 6. Many males, a few females, and one clasping pair were taken in one place on the north edge of the cit}'. a very few from the edge of another Hooded area nearl)y ; and (jne calling male from an overtiow of a ditch four miles to the south. The clasping pair produced a few eggs in the laboratory but these did not develop. Thorough sampling of these pools with a dipnet at two diliferent times later failed to reveal tadpoles. It seems probable that, of the many presumal)!}- produced, most fell prey to the predaceous larvae of Scapliiopus honibifrons which were very numerous in the pools. (4) Scaphiopus hammondii Baird. T wish to emphasize that the western spadefoot occurs abundantly about Las Vegas. It is not limited to California and areas immediately adjacent as implied by Stejneger and Barbour (1939). It bred twice during the summer, first during the evening of July 12 after a downpour of 0.80 inch in one-half hour late in the afternoon and again, on the night of August 6, after just over two inches of rain. Both times, many eggs were laid and tadpoles develo]:)ed in many pools, every one of them muddy and temporary in nature. The voice of this species has been adeciuately described by Orten- burger (1924) as like the loud purr of a cat but with the metallic sound of grinding gears. It is (|uite different from that of the closely related .V. honibifrons and an\- experienced person upon hearing the two species calling together could not possibly mistake the one for the other. The Nov. 29, 1941 AMPiiiruA at las vegas, nkw mkxico 1 1.^^ reactions ol tho males in sccuriiii^ males also (litter from those of -S". hoinbifroiis. According' to Trowbridj^e and Trowhridj^e, 19.v, I and often confirmed by my own observations), the male of the latter species calls with little moving" about, apparently depending upon the call to attract the female. In contrast, the male of S. Iiaiiuiiondii swims ac- tively while calling (cf. Ortenburger, 1924) and investigates any other spadefoot that comes near. Ten different times 1 watched two males swim actively toward each other, meet head on and struggle for the clasping position. In each case, when one has been successful, the other uttered its breeding cry within a few seconds. \vhereu])on it was re- leased immediately, ."^ince none were released before uttering the call, it seems probable that voice plays a part in sex-recognition in this spe cies. I was not successful in seeing a mating between a female and male. These differences in the calls and in the mating behavior confirm the results of Smith (1934) and of Tanner (1939) who concluded, ])rin- cipally upon diiferences in the bony structure at the top of the head, that S. hammondii and .S'. homhifrons are specifically distinct. The specific status of these two forms is further confirmed by the constant dift'erences in their tadpoles (Smith, 1934; Bragg, 1941). those of Iianinwndii having a prominent beak and notch in the jaws and over- developed jaw-muscles, whereas those of S. homhifrovs lack these structures. (5) Scaphiopus bombifrons (Cope). The plains spadefoot ap- peared in numbers, breeding in all sorts of temporary pools of both muddy and clear water, during and after the rains already mentioned in July and August. Whereas S. hmnmoudii appeared only upon the nights immediately following the rains. S. bombifrons called in di- minishing numbers for two nights after the rain in July and fstpetiolar node long, k)w and moderately convex ; Florida floridana. new species .\nterior surface of petiolar node, in profile, meeting the dorsal surface of the pedicel in a very pronounced, obtuse angle ; postpetiolar node short, rather high, and strongly convex ; Arizona houldcrriisis. new species Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) floridana Smith, n. sp. WoKKKR. — Length 4.5-5 mm. Head, excluding mandibles, one and one-fourth to one and one- 118 Xov. 29, 1941 XFAV SPECIES OF APHAENOGASTEk 119 half times as long" as broad; including mandibles, subelliptical ; much broader anteriorly than posteriorly; sides very strongly converging posteriorly behind the eyes. Occipital flange present but weakly de- \ eloped. Mandible large, elongate, triangular, the masticatory border with four prominent apical teeth, and a numbr of smaller and less distinct basal teeth. Clypeus approximately twice as broad as long, convex, with a very feeble emargination in middle of anterior border. ICye prominent, strongly convex, with approximately 15 facets in its greatest diameter; about one and one-half times its greatest diameter from base of mandible. Antennal scape slender, long, approximately- one and one-fifth times as long as head not including mandibles; noticeably enlarged toward apex. Dorsal surface of prothorax and anterior half of mesothorax, in profile, forming a regular but not strongly convex arch. Posterior half of mesonotum weakly depressed. Mesoepinotal constriction distinct, not so deep as broad. Base of epinotum feebly convex, distinctly longer than declivity and meeting- declivity in an obtuse angle ; epinotal tubercles so feebly developed as to be visible only under high magnification (61.2 times). Petiolar node about one and one-fourth times as long as pedicel ; anterior sur- face of petiolar node, in profile, so weakly declivous that the dorsal surface of the pedicel and the anterior surface of the petiolar node appear in almost the same plane ; posterior surface not strongly con- vex, slightly longer than the anterior surface and meeting the latter at an angle of approximately 90 degrees. Postpetiole about one-third longer than broad ; from above, sides subparallel throughout the pos- terior half and converging in the anterior half; postpetiolar node, in profile, longer than high, low and moderately convex. Legs long and slender. Gaster from above elliptical. Frontal area, posterior part of head, prothorax, anterior part of mesothorax, petiole, postpetiole, and gaster rather smooth and shin- ing. Antennae and tibiae opaque. Mandibles finely striated. Cheeks and region of head anterior to eyes with a few small, longitudinal rugulae. Head, except for areas mentioned, mesothorax, and epi- ncjtum with granulation-like shagreening. Hairs yellowish, sparse, suberect to erect, moderately long on head, thorax, petiole, postpetiole, gaster and ventral surfaces of the coxae, trochanters, and femora. Appressed hairs on antennae and legs short ])Ut fairly abundant and conspicuous. Light yellowish brown, with slightly lighter mandibles and clypeus. Type Locality. — Gretna, Fla. Described from two workers, holotype and paratype, collected July The Great Basin Naturalist 120 MARION R. SMITH Vol. ll.No. 3, 15, 1906, by A. W. Morrill. Both, in the collection of the United States National Museum, hear U. S. X. M. No. 55660. No information is available concerning- the biology. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) boulderensis Smith, n. sp. WoKKKR. — Length 4.5-5.5 mm. Head, excluding mandibles, one and three-tenths to one and four- tenths times as long as broad ; sides appearing somewhat subparallel up to the posterior border of each eye, from which points they very gradually converge to form rounded posterior corners and a rounded occipital border ; occipital border with a weakly developed Hange. Mandible large, triangular, with approximately 8-10 teeth of variable size. Clypeus about twice as broad as long, with a rather distinct emargination in middle of anterior l)order. Frontal carinae subparal- lel throughout almost the posterior half of their length. Eye promi- nent, strongly convex, with approximately 15 facets in its greatest diameter ; eye about one and one-half times its greatest diameter from base of mandible. Antennal scape slender, long, about one and one- fourth times as long as head, not including mandibles. Dorsal sur- face of prothorax and anterior third of mesothorax, in profile, form- ing a regular but not strongly convex arch. Posterior two-thirds of mesonotum noticeably depressed, in profile forming a rather straight line. Mesoepinotal constriction distinct, broader than deep. Base of epinotum feebly convex, meeting the declivity at an obtuse angle ; vestigial tubercles scarcely more evident than those of fioridana. Petiolar node distinctly longer than pedicel ; anterior surface, in pro- file, meeting dorsal surface of pedicel in a very distinct obtuse angle; dorsal surface of petiole somewhat rounded, as is also the sloping posterior declivity, the two areas ill defined at the point where they merge into each other. Postpetiolar node scarcely longer than high, anterior surface forming a long slope, posterior surface more convex, declivous and short. From above, gaster subelliptical, broader than head. Frontal area, posterior part of head, prothorax, anterior coxae, dorsal surface of petiole and postpetiole, and the gaster rather smooth and shining. Anterior two-thirds of head, including mandibles, the antennae, and tarsi, more opaque; mandibles somewhat coarsely and longitudinally striated. Clypeus and genae longitudinally rugulose, the former bearing a distinct median carina ; frontal area with one or several longitudinal rugulae. Mesothorax, epinotum, and under sur- faces of petiole and postpetiole with granulation-like shagreening; Nov. 29, 1941 NEW SPECIES of apitaenogaster 121 cpinotum also fineh' and transverse)}- ru.i,ail()se. Coxae, femora, and g-aster with exceedingly fine reticulae. Hairs yellowish, moderately long but sparse, suberect to erect, on liead, thorax, petiole, postpetiole, coxae, trochanters, gaster, and also on ventral surfaces of femora. Antennae, tibiae, and tarsi with short, appressed hairs, these especially abundant and noticeable on the an- tennae. Light yellowish brown, often witli darktr mandibles, anterior por- tion of head, antennae, legs, and gaster. Type Locality. — Horseshoe Island in Mead Lake of the Boulder (Ariz.) Dam. Described from 21 workers, collected May 2, 1941. by Professor Vasco M. Tanner. Holotype and 13 paratypes in collection of the L^nited States National Museum liear U. S. N. M. No. 55661. The other seven paratypes are in the collection of Professor Tanner. Professor Tanner stated that the ants were collectd from beneath a "la\-a rock, on the top of Horseshoe Island." New Bird Records from Zion National Park During the past few months bird observations in Zion National Park have added new species to the park list. In addition, records of more than usual interest were obtained for other species known to occur within the park. All of the following records are for 1941 : On January 31, the second winter record of a Hermit Thrush Hylocichia (luttiita sspf was obtained when one was noted in Oak Creek Canyon. This liird stayed around the small stream and adjacent slopes for several days. On April 25, a male albino wookpeckcr was observed in Pine Creek Canyon. For some time the bird was followed to learn more regarding its identity. Fin- ally it was joined by a female White-breasted Woodpecker Dry abates villosus Irucofhorcctis. and both birds then moved on up the slope together. The male bird was entirely white except for a red crown patch, dark bill and very light gray wings. I was not able to get close cnougli to definitely determine the color of the eyes. On April .50. while following up Parunuweap Canyon, a Western Sandpiper Ercunetcs maiirU was found along the stream. Although I covered over four additional miles of the river, no others were noted. This constitutes the first record of this bird from Zion. The Western Lark Sparrow Clwiidcstcs grainiuacus sfrigatus was listed by Presnell (The Birds of Zion National Park. Proc. Ut. Ac. Sci., Arts & Letters, 1935) as being a rather uncommon summer visitor in the canyons. However, on July 20 a pair of Lark Sparrows were observed feeding young near the resi- dential area in Oak Creek Canyon. This is the first breeding record of this bird in Zion and definitely establishes the species as a summer resident. 122 On October 18, while in Refrigerator Canyon en route to Angels Landing, I obtained the first record of the Western Goshawk Asliir africapillus striatulus for the park. The hawk was in rapid pursuit of a small bird which managed to escape in a dense grove of evergreens. No effort was made to flush the bird from the trees, the hawk apparently knowing that such a task would be fruitless. As additional studies are made, especially seasonal studies in the higher reaches of the park, new and valuable data should be uncovered tliat will go far toward clarifying the status of many species in this area that is now obscure. — Kusscll K. (irater, Park Naturalist. Zion National Park. Antarctic Birds Contributed by Dr. Russell G. Frazier A valuable collection, consisting of three species of .Antarctic birds, was con- tributed to the collections of Brigham Young University by Dr. Russell G. Frazier (if Bingham Canyon, Utah, on October 25, 1941. These birds were collected in Antarctica by Dr. Frazier while he was a member of the United States Antarctic Expedition, 1939-1941, under the command of Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd. Dr. Frazier was one of the physicians of the expedition which sailed in the Xortli Star and the Bear in late November. 1939, from Atlantic ports of the United States. These same two vessels brought the members of the expedition back to Boston in May, 1941. Of the 36 species of birds found in the Antarctic region, three are now represented in the Brigham Young University zoological collection. Two of the five species of Penguins, the Adelic and Emperor, and a pair of Snow Petrel, with an tgg clutch which consists of one egg, makes up the collection. The Adelie Penchin The .\delie Penguin, Fygoscclis adcUae Hombron and Jacquinot, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), p. 320 (1841, Adelie Land), is the common bird throughout the circum- ference of the extensive polar continent. This species never leaves Antarctica to go north of 60° south latitude. During the short summer the Adelie is busy hatching and rearing its young, while during the long winter it lives on the open sea. It begins to establish its breeding territories in October and November by selecting areas left bare by the melting snow. These breeding colonies are to be found everywhere in Antarctica from the beginning of the mating and nesting period until winter begins in March. There is evidence that the birds return year after year to the same rookeries and use the same nests. The mating pair stays together for the breeding period. Two, very rarely three, eggs are laid which are set on alternately by the male and female. Incubation lasts from about ZZ to 36 days ; all hatching being over by the middle of January. The down- covered young are fed fish and Crustacea by the parent birds. They regurgitate the food, which is taken from their throats by the awkward, fast-growing young birds. When the young, in March, take to the sea, to care for themselves, they have a plumage different in color to that of the parents, this they wear for a year, when by molting they get the feather coat of the breeding adults. 123 The Emperor Penhuin The Emperor Penguin, Aptenodytcs forstcri Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. XIII, p. 315 (1844, S. lat., 64° 77' S.), is widely distributed over the whole of the Antarctic continent as is the Adelie Penguin. This beautiful bird is large in size, oftimes reaching the height of 38 to 40 inches and weighing 60 to 70 pounds. Its head is black, except that on each side there is a band of yellow that dimin- ishes in color down along the neck. The back is bluish-gray, while the belly is a satiny white. The Emperor docs not leave the polar regions, staying near the continental mass on the large icebergs. The habits of this Penguin are very dif- ferent from those of the Adelie Penguin briefly discussed above. The laying of the eggs takes place in midwinter, at about the end of June, when the polar night reaches a temperature of 40 to 50 degrees centigrade below zero. The mating pairs gather on the great ice masses, lay a single egg which is kept off the ice by being placed on the feet of the Penguin and held snugly against the body of the bird. Since the incubation j^eriod lasts about two months, the egg is shifted fiom the female to the male during this period. Dr. Frazier has the following to say about this species : "The Emperor Penguin nests in rookeries around Mt. Erebus where they can secure stones for eg^ 'companions,' laying their egg during the mid- winter night. They carrj- it on the top of their foot where they can hold it against a fold of .skin and their lower abdomen. The matings are seasonal." The young are hatched about the beginning of September, and towards thf last of October migration towards the north begins. Groups of adult birds, with some young ones still covered with down, are carried off on small blocks of ice Ijroken from the icebergs. The young birds lose their down in January and from that time on they shift for themselves. The adults molt before returning in June to the continental ice for breeding. The Snow Petrel The Snow Petrel. Pauodroma nivea (Gm.), Syst. Nat. 1., p. 562 (1788), dif- fers greatly from the Penguins in color and habits. This species is spotless and white with large jet black eyes, black beak, and black webbed feet. They vary in size and wing length; the male having a range from 10 to 11.8 inches, and the female from 9.8 to 11.8 inches in wing lengtli. Their food consists of small sea organisms which they capture when skimming over the water, in the cracks and channels in the ice. The Snow Petrel protects itself, as do most Petrels, by expectorating a fluid, which has a fishy odor, towards the intruder, the smell of which will cling to clothing for many days. This is perhaps the most striking bird of the Antarctic region. Dr. Frazier reports as follows concerning his experience with it : "The Snow Petrel— inhabit the Antarctic, and to the best of my meager knowledge stay within the Antarctic circle. They nest in November and December ; lay one egg. The only rookery found was on Mt. Breckan- ridge— 155° W. 77° South. The nests were found under loose laying rocks on the north exposed side of the mountain. The nests are on bare rocks, no feathers or protection from the ground. The nests are used year after year. This was determined by the ejecta on the rocks which the birds can eject from their mouths with unerring accuracy at an 124 enemy for a distance of four feet. By January 10th the chicks should be hatched. Tiie egg is protected by the bird, even at the cost of her life. Their enemy is the Skua Cull that nests close by. Tlie bird lives on sea life and flies great distances for its food. The rookery I found had about 100 nests." Mr. Howard Saunders in his Antarctic Manual, p. 228 (1901), comments as follows on the range of the Snow Petrel : "This bird has been obtained as far north as Falkland Islands, but it does not occur in any numbers until Lat. 60° S. is passed, whence it can be traced as far southward as man has penetrated. Every expedition has noticed it. Ross found it among the crevices of the cliffs at Cock- burn Island; Surgetm Webster, of H. M. S. 'Chanticleer,' met with the bird from January to March on Deception Island. South Shetland ; and the German Expedition found it nesting at the end of December on .South Georgia. From the Enderby Quadrant it has not yet been re- corded." 1 The Snow Petrel's habits were studied by Dr. Racovitza during the voyage of the 'Belgica.' The following interesting extract is from his report: "But it is better not to make too intimate an acquaintance with these lily-wliite beings, for then one is saved from cruel disillusions. Its voice is shrill and disagreeable, and its ways are deplorably low caste. It pos- sesses the faculty of being sea-sick at will ; and when one attempts to seize it, it discharges full in one's face the oily contents of its chest. I can affirm, from personal experience, that one does not come off with the perfume of the rose. One must add, however, to do strict justice, that it merits extenuating circumstances ; for this impleasant habit of this bird serves as a protection for its feeble person, and that is a reason of a certain value." 2 This collection of Antarctic birds is being arranged in a habitat case just opposite a habitat group of Polar Bears. The Polar Bears are a gift from the Museum of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, received from Mr. Wharton Huber in 1936. The large male bear of the group was taken in North Greenland by the Perry Relief Expedition. Tlie painted backgrounds showing the general environmental conditions along with the specimens makes valuable study groups. — V. M. T. (1) Report on the Collections of Natural History Made in the Antarctic Regions dur- the voyage of the "Southern Cross," p. 149, 1902. British Museums of Natural History. (2) op. cit. p. 153. 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Lynn Hayward 125 A New Elaphrus (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Vasco M. Tanner , 137 Index to Volume II 139 Published at Provo, Utah, by the Department of Zoology and Entomology of Brigham Young University -k-'^ The Great Basin Naturalist Vasco M. Tanner, Editor C. Lynn Hayward, Assistant Editor A journal published four times a year by the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Manuscripts. Only original unpublished manuscripts, pertaining to the Great Basin and the Western United States in the main, will be accepted. Manuscripts are subjected to the approval of the editor. Illustrations. All illustrations should be made with a view to having them appear within the limits of the printed page. The illus- trations that form a part of an article should accompany the manu- script. All half-tones or zinc etchings to appear in this Journal are to be made under the supervision of the editor, and the cost of the cuts is to be borne by the contributor. Reprints. 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The Great Basin Naturalist _,^ , / / Published by the ' \ Department of Zoology and Entomology f^ Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah MAR 6 1942 Volume II DECEMBER 31, 1941 No. 4 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF UTAH MAMMALOGY; INCLUDING REFERENCES TO NAMES AND TYPE LOCALITIES (FIRST SUPPLEMENT) ^d C. LYNN HAYWARD Assistant Professor of Zoology Brigham Young University In 1936 (Proc. Utah Acad. Science, Arts, and Letters, 13: pp. 121-146) the writer compiled and published a list of the known ref- erences dealing entirely or in part with Utah mammalogy up to and including the year 1935. The present paper is a continuation of that project, including some references previous to 1935 that were over- looked in the first writing, and bringing the list up to 1941 inclusive. The bibliography for 1941 especially is probably far from complete, l)ut such references as have come to the attention of the writer are herein included. The same general plan of presentation adopted in the first paper is continued in the present writing. A chronological list of references, alphabetical list of types described from Utah, index to authors, and index to scientific names applied to Utah mammals. During the past half decade mammalogical work in Utah has pro- gressed rapidly. The period has been marked by an increased interest on the part of local workers. In the last five years there were about twice as many papers published on Utah mammals than there were in the preceding five year period. A toial of about 70 papers has been added to the bibliography since 1935. Out of 74 subspecies whose type localities are in Utah, 34 or 45% have been named within the past six years. (1) Contribution No. 96, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. 125 The Great Basin Naturalist 126 C. LYNN IIAYVV ARD Vol. II, No. 4, CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF REFERENCES ON UTAH MAMMALS 1845-1935 1845. Fremont, J. C. Report of the exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the year 1842 and to Oregon and North California in the years 1843-44. Washington : Gales and Sea- ton. 583 pp. 1861. Remy, J. and J. Brenchley. A journey to the Great Salt Lake City. London : W. Jeffs, 508 pp. 1877. Allen, J. A. History of the American bison (Bison Ameri- canus). Ninth Ann. Report of the U. S. Geol. and Geog. Sur- vey of the Territories Embracing Colorado and Parts of the Adjacent Territories, Being a Report of the Explorations for the Year 1875 by F. V. Hayden, a U. S. Geologist. 1894. Merriam. C. H. Abstract of a study of the American wood rats ; with descriptions of fourteen new species and subspecies of the genus Neotoma. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 9: pp. 117-128. 1931. Goldman. E. A. Three new rodents from .A.rizona and New Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 44: pp. 133-136. 1931a. Nelson. E. W. and E. A. Goldman. Three new pumas. Jl. of the Washington Acad. Sci.. 21 : pp. 210-212. 1933. Anderson, Mark. The future of the beaver in Utah. Utah State Ag. College. Misc. Publ., 10: pp. 30-32. 1933a. Hall, E. R. Snrcx Icucot/ciixs in Arizona, jl. of Mammal., 14: pp. 153-154. 1933b. Murie, O. J. Some observations on big game studies. Utah State Ag. College, Misc. Publ.. 10: pp. 34-38. 1933c. Olsen, O. A. The elk situation in L^tah. Utali State Ag. Col- lege, Misc. Publ. 10: pp. 43-45. 1933d. Parker, T. C. Game management problems of Utah .\ational Parks. Utah State Ag. College. Misc. Publ. 10: pp. 32-34. 1934. Benson, S. B. Descriptions of two new races of Pcrogiiafhiis iiitcnuedius from Arizona. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 47: pp. 199-202. 1934a. Benson, S. B. Descri])tion of a race of Dif^iuhmixs iiicrriaiiii from Arizona. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 47: pp. 181-184. 19,Mb. Hall, E. R. and D. M. Hatfield. A new race of chipmunk from the Great Basin of western United States. Univ. of California Pub. in Zool.. 40: pp. 321-325. 1935. Goldman. E. A. Pocket gophers of the Thomomys hotfac Dec. 31, 1941 bibliography of utah mammalogy 127 group in the United States. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 48: pp. 153-158. 1935a. Wright, G. M. Big game and our national parks. Sci. Month- ly: pp. 141-147. 1936-1941 1936. Bole, B. P. A new race of kangaroo rat from southwestern Utah. Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5: pp. 1-2. 1936a. Durrant, S. D. A new gopher from Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake. Bull. Univ. of Utah, 27, Biol. Ser. 3: pp. 1-4. 1936b. Hall, E. R. Mustelid mammals from the Pleistocene of North America with systematic notes on some recent members of the genera, Mustela, Taxidea, and Mephitis. Carnegie Institu- tion of Washington, Publ. No. 473: pp. 41-119. 1936c. Hatfield, D. M. A revision of the Pipistrellus hesperus group of bats. Jl. of Mammal., 17: pp. 257-262. 1936d. Hayward, C. L. A bibliography of Utah mammalogy, includ- ing references to names and type localities applied to Utah mammals. Proc. Utah Acad. Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 13: pp. 121-146. 1936e. Olson, O. A. Elk management. Utah Juniper, 7: pp. 10-15. 1936f. Presnall, C. C. and E. R. Hall. Ranges and relationships of certain mammals of southwestern Utah. Proc. Utah Acad. Sciences, Arts and Letters, 13: pp. 211-213. 1936g. Rasmussen, D. I. Outline of research projects of the Utah wildlife experiment station. Proc. Utah. Acad. Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 13: pp. 215-217. 1937. Durrant, S. D. Two new gophers from Utah. Bull. Univ. of Utah, 28, Biol. Series, 3 : pp. 1-7. 1937a. Goldman, E. A. Four new mammals from Utah. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50: pp. 221-226. 1937b. Goldman, E. A. Two new mammals of the Thomomys hottae group. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50: pp. 133-136. 1937c. Goldman, E. A. A new canyon mouse of the genus Peromys- cus from Arizona. Jl. of Mammal., 18: pp. 92-93. 1937d. Goldman, E. A. The wolves of North America. II. of Mam- mal., 18: pp. 37-45. 1937e. Hall, E. R. and S. D. Durrant. A new kangaroo mouse (Microdipodops) of Utah and Nevada. Jl. of Mammal., 18: pp. 357-359. 1937f. Hardy, Ross. Extension of the ranges of the prairie-dogs of The Great Basin Naturalist 128 C. LYNN HAYWARD Vol. II, No. 4, the genus Cynomys in Utah. Proc. Utah Acad. Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 14: pp. 197-198. 1937g. Presnall, C. C. Lagurus in southwestern Utah. Jl. of Mam- mal., 18: p. 369. 1937h. Woodbury, A. M. A record of Tadarida macrotis from Utah. JI. of Mammal., 18: p. 515. 1938. Doutt, J. K. Collecting in the Uintah Basin. Carnegie Mag- azine, 11 : pp. 233-238. 1938a. Durrant, S. D. and W. H. Behle. A second record of Tada- rida macrotis from Utah. Jl. of Mammal., 19: p. 500. 1938a. Goldman, E. A. Notes on the voles of the Microtus longicau- diis group. Jl. of Mammal., 19: pp. 491-492. 1938c. Goldman, E. A. New pocket gophers of the genus Thomomys from Arizona and Utah. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 28 : pp. 333-343. 1938d. Hall, E. R.and D. H. Johnson. Mammals from Millard Coun- ty, Utah. Proc. Utah Acad. Sciences, Arts and Letters, 15: pp. 121-122. 1938e. Hall, E. R. and H. L. Bowlus. A new pika (mammalian genus Ochotona) from southeastern Idaho, with notes on near-by subspecies. Univ. of California Pub. in Zool., 42: pp. 335-340. 1938f. Hall, E. R. Notes on the meadow mice Microtus niontaiius and Microtus nanus with description of a new subspecies from Colorado. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 51 : pp. 131-134. 1938g. Howell, A. H. Revision of the North American ground squir- rels with a classification of North American Sciuridae. U. S. Dept. of Ag., N. A. Fauna, 56: 256 pp. 1938h. LIuey, L. M. A new maskrat from Utah. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 8: pp. 409-410. 19311. Huey, L. M. A new form of Perognathus formosus from the Mohave Desert region of California. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 9: pp. 35-36. 1938J. Leraas, H. J. Variation in Pcroiiiyscus niaiiiculatiis osgoodi from the Uintah Mountains, Utah. Contr. Lab. Vertebrate Genetics, LTniv. of Michigan, No. 6: pp. 1-13. 1938k. Presnall, C. C. A survey of the deer situation in Zion Can- yon, Utah. Proc. Utah Acad. Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 15: pp. 107-110. 19381. Presnall, C. C. Mammals of Zion-Bryce and Cedar Breaks. Zion-Bryce Museuum Bull., No. 2. Dec. 31, 1941 bibliography of utah mammalogy 129 1938m. Presnall, C. C. Evidences of the bison in southwestern Utah. Jl. of Mammal., 19: pp. 111-112. 1939. Benson, S. B. and R. M. Bond. Notes on Sorex merriami Dobson. Jl. of Mammal., 20: pp. 348-351. 1939a. Davis, W. B. The recent mammals of Idaho. Caldwell, Ida- ho : Caxton Printers, 400 pp. 1939b. Dixon, J. S. and E. L. Sumner. The deer problem, deer trap- ping and deer removal at Zion Canyon, Utah. Trans, of the 4th N. A. WildHfe Conference (1939), Washington, D. C. 1939c. Durrant, S. D. Two new gophers (Mammalian genus Thom- omys from western Utah. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 52: pp. 159-162. 1939d. Durrant, S. D. A new pocket gopher from the Oquirrh Mountains, Utah. Bull. Univ. Utah, 30, Biol. Ser. 5: pp. 1-6. 1939e. Durrant, S. D. A new pocket gopher of the TJwmomys quadratiis group from the northern Great Basin region. Bull. Univ. of Utah, 29, Biol. Ser. 6: pp. 1-6. 1939f. Durrant, S. D. and E. Raymond Hall. Deux sous-especes novelles du rongeur "Dipodomys ordii" de I'ouest des Etats- Unis d' Amerique. Mammalia, 3 : pp. 10-16. 1939g. Goldman, E. A. Nine new mammals from islands in Great Salt Lake, Utah. Jl. of Mammal., 20: pp. 351-357. 1939h. Goldman, E. A. Remarks on the pocket gophers, with special reference to Thomomys talpoides. Jl. of Mammal., 20: pp. 231-244. 1939i. Hall, E. R. and F. H. Dale. Geographic races of the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys microps. Occasional Papers of the Mus. of Zool., Louisiana State Univ., No. 4: pp. 47-62. 1939J. Huey, L. M. A new silky pocket mouse from southwestern Utah. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 9: pp. 55-56. 1939k. Kelker, G. H. A mathematical study of predatory-prey rela- tionships. Proc. Utah Acad. Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 16: pp. 77-81. 19391. Rasmussen, D. I. Mule deer range and population studies in Utah. 4th N. A. Wildlife Conference Trans., pp. 236-243. 1939m. Rasmussen, D. I. Utah's mule deer studies and management problems. American Wildlife, Sept. -Oct., 1939. 1940. Clarke, Franck C. Facts about and experiences with coyotes. The Nat. Wool Grower, Salt Lake City, 30: pp. 19-22. 1940a. Cowan, M. Distribution and variation in the native sheep of North America. Amer. Midland Nat., 24: pp. 505-580. The Great Basin Naturalist 130 C. LYNN HAYWARD Vol. II, No. 4, 1940b. Duke, K. L. A preliminary histological study of the ovary of the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii columbianns. Great Basin Nat., 1 : pp. 63-72. 1940c. Hall, E. R. and D. F. Hoffmeister. The pinyon mouse Per- omyscus truei in Nevada, with description of a new subspecies. Univ. of California Publ. in Zool., 42: pp. 401-406. 1940d. Hayward, C. L. Feeding habits of the red squirrel. Jl. of Mammal., 21 : p. 220. 1940e. Hooper, E. T. Geographic variation in bushy-tailed wood rats. Univ. of California Publ. in Zool., 42: pp. 407-424. 1940f. Kelker, G. H. Further mathematical studies in prey-predator relationships. Proc. Utah Acad. Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 17: pp. 59-64. 1940g. Kelker, G. H. Estimating deer populations by a differential hunting loss in the sexes. Proc. Utah Acad. Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 17: pp. 65-69. 1940h. Long, W. S. Notes on the life histories of some Utah mam- mals. Jl. of Mammal., 21: pp. 170-180. 19401. Marshall, W. H. A survey of the mammals of the islands of Great Salt Lake, Utah. Jl. of Mammal., 21 : pp. 144-159. 1940J. Rasmussen, D. I. Beaver-trout relationship in the Rocky Mountain region. Trans. 5th N. A. Wildlife Conference, pp. 256-263. 1940k. Rasmussen, D. I. Panel discussion: Is the Farmer-sportsman council the answer? Trans. 5th N. A. Wildlife Conference, Washington, D. C, pp. 55-60. 19401. Tanner, V. M. The flying squirrel collected in Garfield Coun- ty, Utah. Great Basin Nat., 1 : p. 126. 1940m. Tanner, V. M. John E. P.lazzard contributes mammal collec- tion. Great Basin Nat., 1 : p. 146. 1940n. Tanner, V. M. A biotic study of the Kaiparowits region of Utah. Great Basin Nat., 1 : pp. 97-126. 1940o. Tanner, V. M. A chapter on the natural history of the Great Basin, 1800-1855. Great Basin Nat., 1: pp. 33-61. 1940p. A/orhies, C. T. and W .P. Taylor. Life history and ecology of the white-throated wood rat, Ucotoma albigiila albigula Hart- ley, in relation to grazing in Arizona. Univ. of Arizona, Ag. Exp. Sta.. Tech. Bull. No. 86: pp. 455-592. 1941g. Doutt, J. K. New Clethrionomys from Utah and Pennsylvania. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 54: pp. 161-164. 1941. Goldman, E. A. Remarks on voles of the genus Lemmiscus Dec. 31, 1941 bibltography of utah mammalogy 13i with one described as new. Proc. Biol. .Soc. Wasli., 54: pp. 69-72. 1941a. Hall, E. R. and C. L. Hayvvard. Three new mammals (Micro- tus and Ochotona) from Utah. Great Basin Nat., 2: 106-108. 1941b. Hall, E. R. New heteromyid rodents from Nevada. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 54: pp. 55-62. 1941c. Hall, E. R. and S. D. Durrant. Two new kangaroo mice from Utah. Murrelet, 22: pp: 5-7. 1941h. Hall, E. R. Revision of the rodent genus Microdipodops. Papers on Mammalogy, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 27: pp. 233-277. 1941d. Hardy, Ross. Some notes on Utah bats. Jl. of Mammal, 22: pp. 289-295. 1941 e. Hardy, Ross. Dark coloration of some specmiens of Peromys- ciis crinitus crinitus. Jl. of Mammal., 22: pp. 90-91. 1941 f. Kelker, G. H. Suggested phases of big game management. Proc. Utah Acad. Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 18 : pp. 55-57. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TYPES OF UTAH MAMMALS 1. Clcfhriononivs gapperi uintaensis Doutt, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 54: pp. 161-162," Dec. 8, 1941. Type: Paradise Park, 45 mi. N. W. Vernal, Uintah County, July 14, 1933. 2. Dipodomys merriami frenatus Bole, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist. 5: pp. 1-2, 1936. Type: Toquerville, Washington Co., May 14, 1934 (B. P. Bole). 3. Dipodomys microps bomicvUlci Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 50: pp. 222-223, December 28, 1937. Type: Kelton, Boxelder County, November 7, 1891 (V. Bailey). 4. Dipodomys microps russcolns Goldman, Jl. of Mammal., 20: pp. 353-354, August 14, 1939. Type: Dolphin Island, Great Sah Lake, June 5, 1938 (W. H. Marshall). 5. Dipodomys microps subtemiis Goldman, Jl. of Mammal., 20 p. 354, August 14, 1939." Type: Carrington Island, Great Salt Lake, June 30, 1938 (W. H. Marshall). 6. Dipodomys ordii alfredi Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 50: pp. 221-222, December 28, 1937. Type: Gunnison Island, Great Salt Lake, June 1, 1937 (Alfred M. Bailey and Robert J. Kiedrach). 7. Dipodomys ordii ccleripes Durrant and Hall, Alammalia (Paris), 3: pp. 10- 16, March, 1939. Type: Trout Creek, Juab Co., May 5, 1937 (S. D. Dur- rant). 8. Dipodomys ordii cineraceus Goldman, Jl. of Mammal., 20 : pp. 352-353, August 14, 1939. Type: Dolphin Island, Great Salt Lake (W. H. Marshall). 9. Dipodomys ordii marshaUi Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 50 : pp. 223- 224, December 28, 1937. Type : Bird Island, Great Salt Lake, Tune 22, 1937 (W. H. Marshall). 10. Microdipodops megaccphalus Icticotis Hall and Durrant. Alurrelet, 22 : pp. 6-7, April 30, 1941. Type: 18 miles SW Orr's Ranch, Tooele Co., June 6, 1940 (S. D. Durrant). 11. Microdipodops megaccphalus pauhihis Hall and Durrant, Murrelet. 22: pp 5-6, April 30, 1941. Type: Pine Valley, Millard Co., July 17, 1940 (S. D. Durrant). The Great Basin Naturalist 132 C. LYNN HAYWARD Vol. II, No. 4, 12 Microtits montamis amosus Hall and Hayward, Great Basin Nat., 2 : pp. 105- 106, July 20, 1941. Type: Torrey, Wayne Co., June 18, 1938 (J. W. Bee). 13. Microtus montamis nexus Hall and Hayward, Great Basin Nat., 2: pp. 106- 107 July 20, 1941. Type: West Canyon, Oquirrh Range, Utah County, August 3, 1939 (J. W. Bee). 14. Ncotoina Icpida vMrshalli Goldman, Jl. of Mammal., 20: p. 357, August 14, 1939. Type: Carrington Island, Great Salt Lake, July 2, 1938 (W. H. Marshall). 15. Ochotona princcps utahensis Hall and Hayward, Great Basin Nat., 2: pp. 107-108, July 20, 1941. Type: Two miles W. Deer Lake, Garfield Co., June 25, 1938 (G. S. Cannon). 16. Ondatra zibethica yoldniani Huey, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 8: pp. 409-410, January 18, 1938. Type: St. George, Washington Co., August 11, 1937 (L. iM. Huey). 17. Onochomys Icucogastcr utahensis Goldman, Jl. of Mammal., 20: pp. 354- 355, August 14, 1939. Type : Stansbury Island, Great Salt Lake, June 22, 1938 (W. H. Marshall). 18. Perognathus lonyimcmbris znrginis Huey, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 9: pp. 55-56, August 31, 1939. Type: Saint George, Washington County, August 12, 1937 (L. M. Huey). 19. Perognathus parznis plcnis Goldman, Jl. Mammal., 20 : p. 352, August 14, 1939. Type: Stansbury Island, Great Sah Lake, June li, 1938 (W. H. Marshall). 20. Pcromyscits crinitits pcrgracilis Goldman, Jl. of Mammal., 20: pp. 356-357, August 14, 1939. Tyi'e: Stansbury Island, Great Salt Lake, June 22, 1938 (W. H. Marshall). 21. Pcromyscus inaniciilatus inchints Goldman, Jl. of Mammal., 20: pp. 355-356, August 14, 1939. Type: Fremont Island, Great Salt Lake, August 7, 1938 (W. H. Marshall). 22. Pcromyscus maniciilatus gunnisoni Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50: pp. 224-225, December 28, 1937. Type: Gunnison Island, Great Salt Lake, June 1, 1937 (A. M. Bailey and R. J. Niedrach). 23. Reithrodontomys mcgalotis ravus Goldman, Jl. of Mammal., 20: p. 355, August 14, 1939. Type: Stansbury Island, Great Salt Lake, June 26, 1938 (W. H. Marshall). 24. Thomomys bottae birdseyei Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 50: pp. 134- 135, September 10, 1937. Type: Pine Valley Mts., five miles east of Pine Valley, Washington Co., October 10, 1909 (Clarence Birdseye). 25. Thomomys bottae convexus Durrant, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52: pp. 159-162, October 11, 1939. Type: E. side Clear Lake, Millard Co., May 20, 1938 (S. D. Durrant). 26. Thomomys bottae minimus Durrant, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52: pp. 159-162, October 11, 1939. Type: Stansbury Island, Great Salt Lake, June 25, 1938 (W. H. Alarshall). 27. Thomomys bottae nesophihis Durrant, Bull. Univ. Utah, 27, Biol. Ser. 3 : pp. 1-4, October 3, 1936. Type: Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake, April 20, 1935 (S. D. Durrant). 28. Thomomys bottae tij'ius Durrant, Bull. Univ. Utah, 28, Biol. Ser. 3: pp. 1-7, August 18, 1937. Type: Oak Creek Canyon, 6 miles E. of Oak City, Millard Co., September 14, 1936 (S. D. Durrant). 29. Thomomys bottae zvahivalicnsis Durrant, Bull. Univ. Utah, 28, Biol. Ser. 3: pp. 1-7, August 18, 1937. Type: Wah Wah Springs, 30 miles W of Mil- ford, Beaver County, Utah, July 22. 1936 (S. D. Durrant). 30. Thomomys talpoides gracilis Durrant, Bull. Univ. Utah, 29, Biol. Ser. 3: pp. 1-6, February 28, 19v39. Type: Pine Canyon, 17 miles NW Kelton, Boxelder County, Utah. July 12, 1930 (Annie M. Alexander). (Described as T. quadratns gracilis.) 31. Thomomys talpoides moorci Goldman, Jl. Washington Acad. Sci. 28: pp. 335-336, July 15. 1938. Type: One mile S of Fairview. Sanpete Co., Feb- ruary 19, 1928 (A. W. Moore). (Described as T. fossor moorei.) 32. Thomomys talpoides oquirrhcnsis Durrant, Bull. Univ. Utali, v30, Biol. Ser. Dec. 31, 1941 bibliography of utah mammalogy 133 6: pp. 1-6, October 24, 1939. Type: Settlement Creek, Oquirrh Mountains, Tooele County (S. D. Durrant). 33. Thomomys talpoides levis Goldman, Jl. Washington Acad. Sci., 28 : pp. 336- 337, July 15, 1938. Type: Seven Mile Flat, 5 miles N of Fish Lake, Sevier Co., October 1, 1908 (W. H. Osgood). (Described as T. fossor Icvis.) 34. Thomomys talpoides parozvancnsis Goldman, Jl. Washington Acad. Sci., 28 : pp. 334-335, July 15, 1938. Type: Bryan Head, Parowan Mountains, Iron County, September 8, 1908 (W. H. Osgood). (Described as T. fossor paro- li'anensis.) INDEX TO AUTHORS ON UTAH MAMMALS Note : Dates following the names of authors and also in the indexes of scientific and common names refer to the papers listed in the chronological list of references. Allen, J. A., 1877; Anderson, Mark, 1933. Behle, W. H., 1938a; Benson, S. B., 1934a, 1939; Bole, B. P., 1936; Bond, R. M., 1939; Bowlus. H. L., 1938e; Brenchley, J., 1861. Clarke, Franck C, 1940; Cliff, E. P., 1936a; Cowan, M., 1940a. Davis, W. B., 1939a ; Dale, F. H., 19391 ; Dixon, J. S., 1939b ; Doutt, J. K., 1938, 1941g; Duke, K. J., 1940b; Durrant, S. D., 1936a, 1937, 1937e, 1939c, 1939d, 1939e. 1939f, 1941c. Fremont, J. C, 1845. Goldman, E. A., 1931, 1931a. 1935, 1937a, 1937b, 1937c, 1937d, 1938b, 1938c, 1939g, 1939h, 1941. Hall. E. R., 1933a, 1934b, 1936f, 1936k, 1937e, 1938d, 1938e, 1938f, 1939f, 19391, 1940c, 1941a, 1941b, 1941c, 1941h; Hardy, Ross. 1937f, 1941d, 1941e; Hatfield, D. M., 1934b, 1936c; Hayward, C. L., 1936d, 1940d, 1941a; Hoffmeister, D. F., 1940c; Hooper, E. T., 1940e; Howell, A. H., 1938g; Huey, L. M., 1938b, 19381, 1939J. Johnson, D. H., 1938d. Kelker, G. H., 1939k, 1940g, 1941 f. Leraas, H. J.. 1938J ; Long, W. S., 1940h. Marshall, W. H.. 19401; Merriam, C. H.. 1894; Murie, O. J., 1933b. Nelson, E. W., 1931a. Olsen. O. A., 1933c, 1936e. Parker. T. C. 1933d; Presnall, C. C, 1936f. 1937g. 1938k, 19381, 1938m. Rasmussen, D. I., 1936g, 19391, 1939m, 1940k, 1940J ; Remy, I.. 1861. Sumner, E. L., 1939b. Tanner, V. M., 19401, 1940m, 1940n, 1940o; Taylor, W. P., 1940p. Vorhies, C. T., 1940p. Woodbury, A. M., 1937h ; Wright, G. M., 1935a. The Great Basin Naturalist 134 C. LYNN HAYWARD Vol. II, No. 4, INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES APPLIED TO UTAH MAMMALS Amiiwspcr)iiopliilus leucunis cinnaniomeus: 19381, p. 11; 1940n, p. 104. Aininospeniiophilns leucurits Iciicitriis: 1938d, p. liil. Antrosoiis pallidus pacifkns: 19381, p. 6; 1941d, p. 293. Antrosous pallidus pallidus: 1941d, p. 293. Antilocapra americana americana: 19381, p. 20; 1940o, p. 104. Bassariscus astutiis nevadensis: 19381, p. 7. Bison americamis: 1877, p. 512; 19381, p. 20; 1938m, p. Ill; 1940o, p. 39. Cams estor: 1940n, p. 104. Canis latrans testes: 1938d, p. 121; 19381, p. 9; 19401, pp. 151, 152, 154, 156. Cams lupus yoiingi: 1937d, p. 40; 19381, p. 9. Castor canadensis: 1940h, p. 177. Castor canadensis rcpentinus: 19381, p. 14. Cervus canudensis nelsoni: 19381, p. 19. Citellus arniatiis: 1938g, p. 80. Citelliis lateralis castanuriis: 1938g, p. 202. Citellus lateralis lateralis: 1938g, p. 194; 1940h, p. 174; 1940n, p. 109. Citellus lateralis trepidus: 1938g, p. 208. Citellus leucunis cinnmnomcus: 1938g, p. 175. Citellus leucurus leucunis: 1938g, p. 173; 1940h, p. 174. Citellus leucurus pennipes: 1938g, p. 175. Citellus mollis mollis: 1938d, p. 121 ; 1939a, p. 190. Citellus spilosoma cryptospilotus: 1938g, p. 130. Citellus toivnsendii mollis: 1938g, p. 63; 1940h, p. 174; 1940i, p. 151. Citellus tridecemlineatus parinis: 1938g, p. 117. Citellus variegatus grammurtis : 1938g, p. 145. Citellus variegatus utah: 1938g, p. 147; 19381, p. 11; 1940h, p. 173. Clethrionomys gapperi uintaensis: 1941g, p. 161. Corynorhinus rafincsquii pallescens: 1940h, p. 172; 1941d, p. 293. Cynoniys gunnisoni zuniensis: 1937f, p. 197. Cvnomys leucurus: 1937f, p. 197. Cynomys parvidens: 1937f, p. 197; 19381, p. 12; 1940h, p. 175; 1940n, p. 109. Dipodomys merriami frenatus: 1936, p. 1 ; 1940h, p. 176. Dipodomys merriami merriami: 19381, d. 14; 1940n, p. 146. Dipodomys microps alfrcdi: 1937a, p. 221; 1939i, p. 59; 1940i, p. 152. Dipodomys microps bonnevillei: 1937a, p. 222 ; 19391, p. 58. Dipodomys microps celsus: 19391, p. 60 ; 1940h, p. 176 ; 1940n, p. 146. Dipodomys microps levipes: 1938d, p. 121. Dipodomys microps russeolus: 1939g, p. 353; 19401, p. 151. Dipodomys microps subtenuis: 1939g, p. 354; 19391, p. 62; 1401, p. 153. Dipodomys ordii celeripes: 1939f, p. 10. Dipodomys ordii cineraccus: 1939g, p. 252; 19401, p. 144. Dipodomys ordii cohimbiauus: 1938d, p. 121 ; 1940m, p. 146. Dipodomys ordii cupidincus: 1940h, p. 176; 1940m, p. 146; 1940n, p. 104. Dipodomys ordii fetosus: 1939f, p. 14. Dipodomys ordii marshalli: 1937a, p. 223; 19401, p. 152. Dipodomys ordii iitahensis: 19401, p. 155. Eptesicus fuscus pallidus: 19381, p. 6; 1940h, p. 173; 1941d, p. 292. Erethison epixanthum epixantlnim: 19381, p. 18; 1940h, p. 179. Euderma maculata: 1941d, p. 293. Eutamias adsitus: 1940n, p. 109. Eutamias dorsalis utahcnsis: 19381, p. 12; 1940h, p. 175. Eutamias quadrivittatus inyoensis: 19381, p. 12; 1940h, p. 175. Eutamias minimiis consobrinus: 19381, p. 12; 1940n, p. 112; 19401i, p. 175. Eutamias minimus pictus: 1939a, p. 208; 1934b, p. 322. E.utamias minimus scrutator: 1934b, p. 321 ; 1938d, p. 121. Fclis concolor kaibabcnsis: 1931a, p. 210; 19381, p. 9. Claucomys sabrinus lucifugus: 19401, p. 126. Lasionycteris noctivagans: 1940n. p. 104; 1941c, p. 280. Dec. 31.1941 bibliography of utaii mammalogy 135 Lasiiinis borealis tcliotis: 1941d, p. 292. Lasiunis cinereus: 1941d, p. 292. Lemmiscus curtatus levidcusis: 1941, p. 69. Lcmmiscus curtatus paupcniniiis: 19381, p. 16. Lcpus calif ornicus dcscrticola: 19381, p. 18; 1940n, p. 104; 1940h, p. 179; 1940i, p. 156. Lcpus toii/nscndii tozvnsendii: 19381, p. 18. Lynx haileyi: 19381, p. 10. Lynx rufus pallcsccns: 1938d, p. 121. Lynx rufus uinta: 19381, p. 10. Marmota flavivcntris cnyclhardti: 19381, p. 11 ; 1940h, p. 173; 1940m, p. 146. Maries caurina origenes: 1939a, p. 130. Mephitis mephitis estor: 19381, p. 8. Mephitis mephitis major: 1936b, p. 66; 19401, p. 157. Microdipodops megacephalus leucotis: 1941c, p. 6; 1941h, p. 266. Microdipodops megacephalus paululus: 1941c, p. 5 ; 1941h, p. 265. Microdipodops pallidus albiventer: 1937e, p. 357 ; 1938d, p. 121. Microtus longicaudus latus: 1938b, p. 492. Microtus montamis: 1940h, p. 178. Microtus montaniis amosus: 1941a, p. 105. Microtus montanus micropus: 1938d, p. 123; 1938f, p. 132; 19381, p. 16. Microtus montanus nexus: 1941a, p. 106. Microtus montanus riinilaris: 1938f, p. 132. Microtus mordax mordax: 19381, p. 16; 1940h, p. 178; 1940n, p. 112. Mustela frenata nevadensis: 1936b, p. 91 ; 19381, p. 7. Myotis californicus calif ornicus: 1941d, p. 290. Myotis californicus pallidus: 1941d, p. 290. Myotis evotis chrysonotus: 1941d, p. 290. Myotis lucifugus carissima: 1941d, p. 289. Myotis htcifugus phasma: 1941d, p. 289. Myotis suhulatus mclanorhinus: 19381, p. 6; 1941d, p. 290. Myotis suhulatus suhulatus: 1941d, p. 290. Myotis thysanodes thysanodes: 1941d, p. 290. Myotis velifer incautus: 1941d, p. 290. Myotis volans interior: 1941d, p. 290. Myotis yumanensis sociahilis: 1941d. p. 290. Myotis yumanensis yumanensis: 1941d, p. 289. Neotoma albigula hrevicauda: 1940p, p. 461. Neotoma cinerea acraia: 1940e, p. 415. Neotoma cinerea arizonue: 1940e, p. 422. Neotoma cinerea cinerea: 19381, p. 16; 1940h, p. 178; 1940n, p. 109. Neotoma lepida marshalli: 1939g, p. 357; 1940i, p. 153. Neotoma lepida monstrahilis: 19381, p. 15; 1940h, p. 170; 1940n, p. 109. Nycteris borealis teliotis: 19381, p. 6. Ochotona princeps cinnamomea: 1940h, p. 179. Ochotona princeps fuscipes: 19381, p. 18 ; 1940h, p. 179. Ochotona princeps uinta: 1938e, p. 336. Ochotona princeps utahensis: 1941a, p. 107. Odocoileus hemionus macrotis: 1938k, p. 107; 19381, p. 19; 1939b, p. 231; 19391, p. 236; 1940h, p. 180. Ondatra sibethica goldm-ani: 1938b, p. 409. Ondatra sibethica mergens: 1938d, p. 122. Onochomys leucogaster breincaudus: 1938d, p. 121. Onochomys leucogaster melanophrys: 19381, p. 15; 1940h, p. 177. Onothomys leucogaster utahensis: 1939g, p. 354; 1940i, p. 144. Onochomys torridus longicaudus: 19381, p. 15 ; 1940h, p. 177. Ovis canadensis nelsoni: 19381, p. 20. Ovis canadensis canadensis: 1940a, p. 540. Perognathus formosus formosus: 19381, p. 36; 19381, p. 14; 1940h, p. 176. Perogn-athus longimemhris arizonensis: 1940n, p. 104. Perognathus longimemhris gulosus: 1941b, p. 55. The Great Basin Naturalist 136 C. LYNN HAYWARD Vol. II, No. 4, Pcrognathits longimcmbris ncvadcnsis: 1938d, p. 121. Pcrognathus longwicmbris fivginis: 1939j, p. 55. Perognatlnis parznis plcnis: 1939g, p. 352 ; 1940i, p. 153. Pcromyscns boylii rozvlcyi: 19381, p. 15; 1940h, p. 178; 1940m, p. 146. Pcromyscus crinitus atiripectus: 19381, p. 15. Pcromyscns crinitus crinihts: 1940h, p. 178; 1941e, p. 90. Pcromyscus crinitus pergracilis: 1939g, p. 256 ; 1940i, p. 155. Pcromyscns crinitus pcridoncus: 1937c, p. 92. Pcromyscus cremicus crcniicus: 1940h, p. 178. Pcromyscus maniculatus gnnnisoni: 1937a, p. 224; 19401, p. 152. Pcromyscus maniculatus iiiclanis: 1939g, p. 355; 1940i, p. 157. Pcromyscus maniculatus osgoodi: 1938j, p. 1. Pcromyscus numiculatus sonoricnsis: 1938d, p. 121; 19381, p. 15; 1940h, p. 177; 1940i, p. 151 ; 1940n, p. 104. Pcromyscus tntci truci: 19381, p. 15; 194Uc, p. 401; 1940h, p. 178. Pipistrclhis hcspcrus hcspcrus: 1936c, p. 258; 19381, p. 6; 1940n, p. 104; 1941d, p. 291. Procyon lotor pallidus: 19381, p. 7. Rcithrodontoniys mcgalotis mcgalotis: 1938d, p. 121 ; 19381, p. 15 ; 1940h, p. 177. Reithrodoutomys mcgalotis ravus: 1939g, p. 355; 19401, p. 154. Sorcx mcrriami leucogcnys: 1933a, p. 154 ; 1939, p. 350. Sorex obscnrus obscurus: 19381, p. 6. Sorex palustris navigator: 19381, p. 6; 1936f, p. 211 ; 1940n, p. 109; 1940h, p. 172. Spilogale gracilis saxatilis: 19381, p. 8. Syh'ilagus auduboni arisonac: 19381, p. 18. Sylvilagus auduboni warrcni: 1940n, p. 109. Sylvilagus nuttalli grangeri: 19381, p. 18 ; 1940h, p. 180 ; 19401, pp. 153, 154, 156, 157. Tadarida macrotis: 19381, p. 7; 1941d. p. 294. Tadarida mcxicana: 19381, p. 7; 194(lh, p. 173; 1941d, p. 294. Tamiascturus frcmonti frcuwnti: 19381, p. 13; 1940h, p. 175. Tamiasciurus hudsonicns vcniorum: 1940, p. 220. Taxidea taxus bcrlandicri: 1940n, p. 109. Taxidca taxus taxus: 19381, p. 8; 1938d, p. 121. Thomomys bottae absonus: 1940n, p. 104. Thomomys bottae birdscyei: 1937, p. 134. Thomomys bottae centralis: 1938d, p. 121 ; 19381, p. 14. Thomomys bottae convexus: 1939c, p. 159. Thom.omys bottae minimus: 1939c, p. 161 ; 19401, p. 154. Thomomys bottae pianirostris: 19381, p. 14; 1940h, p. 176. Thomomys fossor: 19381, p. 14; 1940n, p. 109. Thomomys fossor levis: 1938c, p. 336. Thomomys fossor moorei: 1938c, p. 335. Thomomys fossor parozvancnsis : 1938c, p. 334. Thomoiuys quadratus gracilis: 1939e, p. 1. Thomomys talpoides levis: 1939g, p. 234. Thomomys talpoides moorei: 1939g, p. 234. Thomomys talpoides parozvanensis: 1939g, p. 234; 1940h, p. 176. Thomomys talpoides uinta: 1939h, p. 234. Thomomys uinta: 1939a, p. 259. Urocyon cinercoargentcus scotti: 19381, p. 8. Ursus americanus amblyccps: 19381, p. 7. Ursus utahcnsis: 19381, p. 7. Vulpes julva macroura: 19381, p. 8. Zapus princeps cincrcus: 1939a, p. 243. A NEW ELAPHRUS (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE)"' VASCO M. TANNER Professor of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University Elaphrus torreyensis Tanner, new species Female: Form, robust, body more elongate than other species of this genus; color metallic green above, cupreous beneath on the nietothorax, abdomen and proximal portions of the legs ; tibia and tarsus dark reddish ; labrum, mandibles and distal portions of palpi black ; the eyes large and black ; interorbital width 1.6 mm with a round central boss falling off towards and back of orbits; just back of the central boss is a depressed circular spot with deep punctures. Head, especially the depressions on the dorsal and front deeply punctured while the ele- vated portions and the gular area are practically free from punctation. Two pairs of setae, one pair on the lateral portion of the clypeus and the other on the median inner margin of the orbits. Antennae shorter than in the lecontei complex, reaching only to the posterior third of the thorax. Articles 1 to 3 and the base of fourth glabrous, while the remaining seven segments are setiferous with two long setae on each segment ; the third segment the longest one, being twice as long as the second. Thorax 2.6 mm wide, with a deep hour glass shaped depres- sion, bordered with two round depressions filled with deep punctures ; the margins and humeri deeply punctured; while the elevated discal portions are finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra 4.1 mm wide, with ocellate foveae violaceous in the center and from which a setae 3/4 mm long extends ; 21 ocellate foveae on the left elytron and 25 on the right one. The whole surface is sparsely and finely punctured except on the inner humeri, where they are deeply and closely punc- tured similar to the contigeous thoracic areas. The ventral unpunctured except on the lateral portions of the first two abdominal segments and the episterna of the thorax; the episternum of the prothorax is rather closely and deeply punc- tured. Total body length 10 mm. Female Genitalia: Valvifers and coxites larger and setae not so styliform as in clairvillci and oln'acciis. (Fig. T.) An examination of many specimens shows that the female genitalia have a few distinctive characters. After studying Fig. I. Female genitalia of 1. Elaphrus clairvillei: 2. E. olk'accus; 3. E. torrey- ensis: 4. E. lecontei. ((sty — stylus; c — coxite ; vf — valvifer; v — vulva; 8ths — eighth sternite ; 9ths — ninth sternite.) (1) Contribution Xo. 97, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University. 137 The Great Basin Naturalist 138 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. II, No. 4, the genital structures of eight species of this genus it was possible to separate each one by certain small differences. The genitalia of four species are illus- trated in this study. Type Locality : Torrey, Wayne County, Utah. Torrey is located on the Fremont River drainage, elevation 6,900 feet, near the west entrance to the Capital Reef Monument area. The holotype and a paratype, taken at Escalante, Garfield Co., both females, were col- lected by Wilmer W. Tanner in June, 1938. The holotype is in the Brigham Young University entomological collection and the paratype is being contributed to Dr. E. C. Van Dyke for the California Academy of Sciences collections. Dr. Van Dyke has been very kind in helping with the study of Utah Carabidae. I am indebted to him for two female specimens of clairvillei used in this study. Torreyensis is most closely related to clairvillei from which it may be separated by a more robust form, size, coloration, and female genital characteristics. I have attempted to follow Col. Casey (1920- 24) in his study of this genus, but find it difficult to agree with his conclusions. E. spissicornis from Parowan, Iron County, Utah, on the basis of specimens of lecontei from this and many other localities of Utah seems to be a synonym of lecontei. I am unable to distinguish any differences in the antennae of Utah specimens of lecontei. I have four specimens from Mr. F. S. Carr which he collected at Medicine Hat, Alta. (Choppice Lake) in August 22, 1927, labeled E. devinctus Csy., also specimens from Pingree Park, Colorado, which I am un- able to separate from lecontei. IIUS^ INDEX TO VOLUME II MAR 6 1942 The new subfamilies, genera, and species described in this volume appear in bold-face type in this index. Allen Spiny Pocket Mouse, 12. Alphabetical List of Types of Utah Mammals, 131. Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker, 2. American Pipit, 5. Ambystoma macrodactylum Baird, 87. tigrinum mavortium (Baird), 110. tigrinum nebulosum Hallowell, 8S. tigrinum slateri Dunn, 87. An Annotated list of Mammals Col- lected in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, in 1939, 9. A New Elaphrus (Coleoptera, Cari- bidae), 137. Anguillonema pinguicauda Fuchs, 66. Antarctic Birds contributed by Dr. Russell G. Frazier, 122. Anthus spinoletta rubescens (Tun- stall), 5. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) flori- dana Smith, 118. boiilderensis Smith, 120. Ascaphus truei Stejneger, 88. Audubon's Hermit Thrush, 4. Bibliography of Utah Mammalogy; Including Refernces to Names and Type Localities, 125. Blatchley, Willis Stanley, 33. Boleodorus Thorne, 59. clavicaudatus Thorne, 61. thylactus Thorne, 60. Bragg, Arthur N., article by, 109. Bufo boreas boreas (Baird & Gi- rard), 88. woodhousii woodhousii (Girard), 110. Byrrhidae, 36. Carpodacus cassini Baird, 6. Cassin's Purple Finch, 6. Chandler, Harry P., article by, 99. Charina bottae (Blainville), 93. Chronological List of References on Utah Mammals, 126. Cimbocera petersoni Tanner, 29. buchanani Ting, 31. conspersa Fall, 31. pauper Horn, 31. Citellus variegatus couchii (Baird), Cleridae, 36. Cnemidophorus tessellatus tessellatus (Say), 92. Coluber constrictor mormon (Baird and Girard), 93. taeniatus taeniatus (Hallowell), 94. Conepatus pediculus Merriam, 10. Crotalus viridis lutosus Klauljer, 96. viridis (Rafinesque), 97. viridis oreganus Holbrook, 97. Crotaphytus collaris baileyi (Stej- neger), 90. wislizenii (Baird & Girard), 90. Couch's rock squirrel, 11. Cynomys mexicanus Merriam, 11. Deladenus Thorne, 45. durus (Cobb), 46. obesus Thorne, 47. Dendroica auduboni memorabilis Ob- erholster, 5. Diadophis regalis regalis (Baird & Girard), 17, 93. amabilis occidentals Blanchard, 93. Dicamptodon eusatus (Eschscholtz). 88. Dytiscidae, 103. Elaphrus torreyensis Tanner, 138. Empidonax hammondi (Xantus), 2. wrighti Baird, 2. difficilis difficilis Baird, 3. Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois), 10. Erotylidae, 36. Eumeces skiltonianus skiltonianus (Baird & Girard), 93. Gerrhonatus coervlous principis (Baird & Girard), 92. Gray-headed Junco, 7. Grater, Russel K., article by, 121. Green-tailed Towhee, 7. Grey Squirrel, 11. Gull Banding Notes at Utah Lake, Halenchus Cobb, 64. fucicola (deMan) Cobb, 64. mediterraneus (Micoletzky) Cobb, 65. Hall, E. Raymond, article by, 105. Hammond's Flycatcher, 2. Hayward, C. Lynn, article by, 1, 105, 125. Hexatylus Goodey, 48. Hexatylus viviparus Goodey, 49. consobrinus (deMan) Goodey, 41. fungorum (Biitschli), 49. 139 140 INDEX TO VOLUME II Hog-nosed skunk, 10. Honiophron, 99. illustre Csy., 99. tanneri Chandler, 99, 100. tanneri proximum Chandler, 99, 102. Hyla regilla Baird & Girard, 89. Hylocichla guttata auduboni (Baird), 4. Hydroporus transpunctatus Chand- ler, 103. Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus ochror- hynchus, 95. Index to Volume II, 139. Index to Authors on Utah Miamnials, 133. Index to Scientific Names Applied to Utah Mammals, 134. Interesting Coleoptera Records for Utah, 36. lotonchium Cobb, 39. iniperfectuni (Biitschli), 50. Iridoprocne bicolor (Vieillot), 3. Junco caniceps (Woodhouse), 7. Koestner,E. J., article by, 9. Lampropcltis pyromelana (Cope), 19. triangulum gentilis (Baird & Gi- rard), 21, 22. Larus Californicus Lawrence, 98. Leaf-nosed bat, 10. Leptonycteris nivalis (Saussure), 10. Lesser Yellow Legs, New Record for Washington County, Utah, 86. Lincoln's Sparrow, 8. Liomys irroratuus alleni (Coues), 12. Macgillivray's Warbler, 6. Melospiza lincolni lincolni (Audu- Ibon), 8. Mexican prairie dog, 11. Mexican harvest-mouse, 12. Mexican vole, 13. Microtus mexicanus (De Sausurre), 13. montanus amosus Hall & Hay- ward, 105. montanus nexus Hall & Hayward, 106. Miquihuana white-tailed deer, 14. Mus musculus L., 14. M'yadestes townsendi (Audubon), 4. Neotoma albigula leucodon Merriam, 13. Neotylenchinae Thorne, 38. Neotylenchus, 39. abulbosus Steiner, 40. acutus Thorne, 42. arcuatus Thorne, 44. consobrinus deMan, 41. intermedins (Christie), 45. latus Thorne, 43. obesus Thorne, 44. New Bird Records from Zion Na- tional Park, 121. New Species of Coleoptera from Utah (Omophronidae & Dytisci- dae), 99. Notes on the Nesting Habits of Some Mountain Dwelling Birds in Utah, 1. Nothotylenchinae, 38, 57. Nothotylenchus Thorne, 57. acris Thorne, 57. affinis Thorne, 58. cylindricollis Thorne, 59. Oberholseria chlorura (Audubon), 7. Ochotona princeps utahensis Hall & Hayward, 107. Odocoileus virginianus miquihuane- sis Goldman & Kellogg, 14. Oliiophronidae, 99. Oporornis tolmiei (Townsend), 6. Painted Lady Butterfly in Migration, 104. Paurodontinae, 38, 50. Paurodontus Thorne, 51. gracilis Thorne, 51. densus Thorne, 52. apiticus Thorne, 53. niger Thorne, 54. Peromyscus maniculatus labecula Elliot, 12. boylii levipes (Merriam), 12. difficilis (Allen), 13. Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum (Girard), 91.^ platyrhinos Girard, 92. Picoides tridactylus dorsalis Baird, 2. Pituophis catenifer deserticola Stej- neger, 94. Plethodon idahoensis Slater & Slipp, 88. Pocket Gopher, 11. Progne subis subis (Linnaeus), 3. Prosecon, 99. obliteratuum utense Csy., 99. gilae pallidum Csy., 99. Pseudacris nigrita triseriata (Wied), 89. triseriata Wied, 112. Purple Martin, 3. Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 89. pipiens Schreber, 89. pipiens pipiens (Schreber), 115. INDEX TO VOLUME II 141 Red-naped Sapsucker, 1. Reithrodontomys fulvescens tenuis Allen, 12. Reptiles and Amphibians of Idaho No. I., 87. Rhinocheilus lecontei Baird & Gi- rard, 23, 94. Rocky Mountain Audubon Warbler, 5. Salvadora grahaniiae hexalepis (Cope), 18. Scaphiopus bonibifrons (Cope), 113. intermontanus Cope, 88. hammondi Baird, 112. Sceloporus graciosus graciosus, 91. occidentalis biseriatus (Hallowell), 91. Sciurus alleni Nelson, 11. Smith, Marion R., article by, 118. Some Nematodes of the Family Ty- lenchidae which do Not Possess a Valvular Median Esophageal Bulb, 37. Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis Baird, 1. Spizella passerina arizonae Coues, 8. Some Observations on Amphibia at and Near Las Vegas, New Mexico, 109. Sonora miniata miniata Stickel, 94. semianulata semianulata Baird & Girard, 94. Sorex emarginatus Jackson, 10. Stictylus Thornc, 54. asymmetricus Thorne, 55. obtusus Thorne, 55. Study of the Variation in the Less Common Snakes of Utah, 16. Studies in the Weevils of the West- ern United States No. IV: A New Species of Cimbocera, 29. Sylvilague floridanus chapmani (Al- len), 14. Tachycineta thalassina lepida Mearns, 3. Tanner, Vasco M., articles by, 29, 33, 36, 98, 104, 122, 137. Tanner, Wilmer W., articles by, 16, 87. Tantilla utahensis Blanchard, 26. Texas cottontail, 14. Thada Thorne, 62. cancellata Thorne, 63. striata Thorne, 62. Thamnophis eques (Reuss), 24. Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis (Say), 96. sirtalis tctrataenia (Cope), 96. ordinoides vagrans Baird & Gi- rard, 95. Thomomys spp., 11. Thorne, Gerald, article by, Zl . Three New Mammals (Microtus and Ochotona) from Utah, 105. Townsend's Solitaire, 4. Tree Swallow, 3. Trimorphodon lyrophanes (Cope), 25. Tylenchus arboricolus Cobb, 65. Two New Species of Aphaenogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), 118. Uta stansburiana stansburiana (Baird & Girard), 90. Vanessa carduii L., 104. Violet-green Swallow, 3. Vireo gilvus swainsoni Baird, 5. Western Chipping Sparrow, 8. Western Flycatcher, 3. Western Warbling Vireo, 5. White-crowned Sparrow, 8. White-footed mouse, 12, 13. White-toothed wood rat, 13. Wright's Flycatcher, 2. Zacatecas Shrew, 10. Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys (Forster), 8. No. 1. Mailed March 1, 1941. No. 2. Mailed July 20, 1941. No. 3. Mailed December 6, 1941. No. 4. Mailed February 25, 1942. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Largest private institution of higher learning in the Intermountain Region, Brigham Young University is organized into five colleges, three divisions, and the graduate school. Four quarters of instruction are provided annually. 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