FLORA LONDINENSIS: O R PLATES DESCRIPTIONS » PLANTS AS GROW WILD IN THE ENVIRONS of LONDON: with Their Places of Growth, and Times of Flowering ; their feveral Names according to Linnaeus and other Authors : WITH A particular Description of each Plant in LATIN and ENGLISH. To which are Added, Their feveral Ufes in Medicine , Agriculture , Rural Oeconomy, and other Arts. B 7 WILLIAM CURTIS, DEMONSTRATOR of BOTANY to the Company of APOTHECARIES. VOL. I. LONDON: Printed for and Sold by the Author, No. ji, Gracechurch-Street : and B. White, Boohfilkr, in Fleet-Street. Mdcclxxvii. ►»■+* *♦"**»«*-*+ 'a THE R E F A C E. Sdd^Trf "he' ™*72 “will HfiTgive him an opportunity of anfwering feme few objeflions «ha, have been made to the plan of it. . The primary deiign of it «hen, is » “ StnPmr^TX^ a foundation faid for nnmberlefs improvements in Medicine, Agriculture, &c. To be enabled» do this, he means «0 take ‘ h ° 8™“^ he figures ; to have them drawn from kvmg fpeamens moft Sk of V F P W . alld to be Yry partimibn ^rT the SaSSS^Ja’SSfi^SST of\he feveral parts of «he flower and fruit, more efpecially where they charafterize the plant. And in order that he may obtain a more perfed 1 knagfe ftage of its growth, from the germination t0 . ® “ ,^- d te denature of fuch^as are obfeure, or bring into more fpecies together ; that he may make experim _ he - s nQW cult ; vat j ng each of them in a garden near lay before them whatever may be found ufefu in o attributed to almofl: every plant, purpofely omitted : the many of the numerous and imaginary virtues which 1 P £ attend . difeoveries made by modem authors particularly relative to. rfgnca^andWcra «*£»>£ great and la, ling ed to ; asherefeems to be a field juft opening to L“d for want ^f which, fndeed, the expo? rhnentaPforme^ carmo^effe^mllyP^ommunicate his improvements, he finds himfelf peculiarly happy in contribu- ting his fhare to the public good. He is never, helefs fenfible how SibL^X he has fubjoined a catalogue of thofe plants which (with many others) are rdready drawn, and which he intends Until form the next Fafciculns. He is ferry it has not been in his power to pub, Uh his ^numbers chiefly been occafioned by the lofs of one o 1S Fg 1 P , p jJ t0 t h e ft^re of one perfon, being now divided be'- eminent ; fo that the drawing -d engraving numL once a month, or J weeks at fa?,hefl-he is how- twixt two, he flatters himfelf he ftall be able ' “ 1 P"“T “ ? t he work t0 hurry-on this principle he has been at the ever determined never to Sacrifice the . y . _ 7 three times over before he could ventureto publilh them, expence of having feme of his P kt “. E T„mT he'ho’pes none of his fubferibers that have hitherto fo generoufly contri- As the delay has orig^tedfrom tofo that affiftailce , which alone can enable him to profecute kwith°afentTge ry to S the public, credit’» himfelf, and fatisfaffion to them. It now Ya to% t L 0 Atthm°“hat e U “f^nftead of pmfuing the prefect ’plan, he under the aufpices of the King. but ‘forh a nartial nublicafion tvould have been to the making a knowledge of the tmprejudiced perfon, how inadequate f 0 ^-f el ves— -at bell fuch a work could only anfwer the purpofe of thofe plan? of Y YFamTn loffeffion of that part of the Flora Dauca already publifhed ; and as that is ft, 11 going on, thVfa^fan» would l ^TfIuDu^ oftSe fame pH»,. A noti»; reafon why ^ ^^o^oold not pkin7only7m7^ E ^ us imTcraunt^f fSir 6 properries^ nm^tea^Ts^us the plants of their natural fize, feveral g M other obiedions might be urged without any view to de- & complex, “ fome refpeds as could be wilhed, has exceeding great merit :_but thefe will probably be deemed Sufficient. The The PREFACE. The engraving of one plant only on each plate has been another objection which fome have ftrongly urged while others have in as warm terms teflified their approbation of it. It may be proper to mention, that whether one or more had been engraven on. a plate, the difference in the expence would have been trifling, and chiefly in the paper: as they now are, each is diftindt, and every one is at liberty to place them according to that fyflem which he moft The want of figures of reference to the plates, or letter-prefs, has been perhaps a more folid but the Author hopes, that by the ufe of the indexes defcribed below, this alfo will be obviated. objedtion ; rnSr?'” 0W ’f f0 far as be , caI ! r J ecoIka > anfwered every thing deferving the name of an objeftion, he willingly £d"o p te candidand !n ^ tial ^ “*«<■» ° fba W ^ * il Ufes of the Indexes, with Directions for Binding. the 1 ' Veateft r trto? hu'A nt -l 3re aceording to the Syftem ofLimuj, with which It is brefumed plate, as there are « platfi In Tach Fafcic^f T 0 ?”“ /7 a, P habetlc31 ? "ntnged, and find it to be the ,6 thole who have bin Loomed t look ^out nlanB 3 few plates whefb it is placed : to ftlhfcnberWlll take the linall pains of figuring the plates with a black leaTn* n/t “T ! , b ’ ,t lf each mediately referred to. The Author could not hit on ... “ d p f. an ^ P Iant ™y then be im- otder in which he has been obliged to publifh his plan». Cbglb ^ C0 " flftcnt Wlth thc “«gtilar tS rd wo F rf ‘ :UlUS WU1 Sl ™ 3 £CneraI “ d «“? M-b «i* a Gloffary of the technical care that each plat/ bi pu" aS to thi tater Jft IT , * M *>*,■. taking If any ihould be at a lofs to have them properly don e b they will° be nTeaf d pa P er D be , tWlxt th em. Bookbinder, ,n Crooked Lane, near the Monumem, who’ binds the “ RttUm ***• probably deftroy the BookbiniJer a S ainft heating the Numbers, as that operation would Catalogue ofthofe Plants which are intended to be Publifhed in the next Fafciculus. Anemone nemorofa Adoxa mofchatellina Ajuga reptans Aira prsecox Arabis thaliana Arenaria tenuifolia Achillea Ptarmica liriza media Corylus avellana Cliterophyllum fylveflre Convolvulus arvenfts Circaea lutetiana Chenopodium Vulvaria Dipfacus fylveftris Epilobium anguftifolium Epilobium ramofum Erica cinerea Fumaria officinalis Feftuca duriufcula Feftuca myuros Olechoma hederacea Geranium molle Geranium rotundifolium Geranium perenne Geranium Columbinum Hyacinthus non fcriptus Hyofcyamus niger Hypericum montanum Hypericum quadrangulum Hypericum hirfutum Ilex Aquifolium Iris Pfeudacoru's Lamium amplexicayle Lyfimachia nemorum Lyfimachia nummularia Lyfimachia tenella Lyfimachia vulgaris Liguflrum vulgare Lotus corniculata Myofurus minimus Malva officinalis Malva minor Medicago lupulina Ofmunda fpicant Oxalis acetofella Orchis Morio Ornithopus perpufillus Plantago lanceolata Plantago major Plantago Coronopus Plantago media Poa rigida Poa comprefla Polygonum amphibium Polytrichum commune Ranunculus hirfutus Ranunculus Ficaria Sagina eredla Saxifraga tridadlylites Spergula nodofa Sedum dafyphyllujn Sedum reflexam Symphytum officinale Sparganium eredi um Tuffiiago farfara Tormen tilia eredta Thymus ferpyllum Trifolium fragiferum Valeriana dioica Veronica officinalis Veronica hederifolia Veronica arvenfis r INDEX I. In which the Plants contained in the firft Fafciculus are arranged according to the Latin Name. 1 Veronica . agreftis- 2 Veronica Chamaedrys 3 Veronica ferpyllifolia 4 Anthoxanthum odoratum 5 A ira aquatica 6 Poa annua — — ■ 7 Feftuca fluitans 8 Bromus mollis * 9 Bromus fterilis ao Dipfacus pilofus ■ — — 11 Hottonia paluftris 12 Anagallis arvenfis- * 1 3 Convolvulus fepium — — 14 Solanum Dulcamara 15 Lonicera Periclymenum 16 Hedera Helix 1 7 Conium maculatum ' 1 8 iEthufa Cynapium * 1 9 Scandix Anthrifcus 20 Alline media * * 21 Erica tetralix 22 Polygonum Biftorta 2 3 Polygonum Perficapia ■ 24 Polygonum Peniylvanicum — 2 5 Polygonum var. caule maculato 26 Polygonum Hydropiper — 27 Polygonum aviculare 28 Polygonum minus 29 Butomus umbellatus 3° Saxifraga granulata 3 1 Sedum album 32 Sedum acre ■ y — 33 Lychnis Flos Cuculi 34 Ceraflium aquaticum ■ 35 Euphorbia peplus - 36 Euphorbia Heliofcopia 37 Potentilla reptans 38 Ranunculus buibofus 39 Ranunculus- acris 40 Caltha paluftris . 41 Verbena officinalis ■ 42 Lamium rubrum * “ 43 Thymus acinos 44 Euphralia Odontites ■ 1 45 Antirrhinum Cymbalaria 46 Antirrhinum Elatine 47 Antirrhinum Linaria 48 Digitalis purpurea 49 Draba verna 50 Thlafpi Burfa - Paftoris — 51 Geranium Cieutarium • 52 Geranium robertianum - — 53 Orobus tuberofus 54 Ervum hirfutum 55 Ervum tetrafpermum 56 Hypericum pulchrum — 57 Hypericum perforatum — 58 Leontodon Taraxacum — 59 Lapfana communis 60 Erigeron acre — — 6 1 Senecio vulgaris — 62 Bellis perennis — 63 Viola odorata — — 64 Viola hirta 65 Viola tricolor — -*■ 66 Ophrys Apifera — 67 Aiplenium Scolopendrium 68 Polypodium vulgare — 69 Bryum fcoparium — - 70 Bryum undulatum ■ — ■ 71 Bryum hornum — - 72 Hypivum proliferum — Syftem of Linnaeus. Clafs and Order. Dl an dr 1 a Monogynia. Di Andria Digynia. Triandria Digynia. TetranDria Monogynia. Pent Andria Monogynia. ■ Pentandria Digynia. Pent Andria Trigynia. Oct Andri a Monogynia. Oct Andria Digynia aut 'Trigynia. Enneandria Hexagynia. Dec Andria Digynia. ^ Dec Andria Pentagynia. j- Decandria Pentagynia. > Dodecandria Trigynia. Icos A ndria Polygynia. j* Polyandria Polygynia. > Didynamia Gymnofpermia. 1 j> Didynamia Angiofpermia. I J j Tetradynamia Siliculofa, ^ Monadelphia Decandria. j- Diadelpaia Decandria. j Polyadelphia Polyandria. I Syngenesia Polygamia Mqualis. > Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. j* Syngenesia Monogamia. Gynandria Diandria. ^ Cryptogamia Filices. > Cryptogamia Mujci. INDEX I In which the Latin Names of the Plants are arranged Alphabetically. Anthoxanthum odoratum Aira aquatica Anagallis arvenfis . Alfine media Antirrhinum Cymbalaria Antirrhinum Elatine Antirrhinum Linaria Afplenium Scolopendrium AEthufa Cynapium '■—Bromus mollis Bromus fieri lis Bu tomus umbellatus Belli s perennis Bryum icoparium Bryum undulatum Bryum hornum Convolvulus Sepium Conium maculatum . Ceraftium aquaticum — C ltha paluftris Draba verna Digitalis purpurea 1 iplacus pilofus . Erica tetralix Euphorbia Peplus . 1 35 * °6 Euphorbia Heliofcopia Euphrafia Odontites Ervum hirfutum 44 Ervum tetrafpermum 54 — Erigeron acre • 55 60 Feftuca fluitans Geranium cicutarium 7 Geranium robertianum * 5 1 Hottonia paluftris 5 2 Hedera Helix ’ 11 Hypericum pulchrum 16 5 6 Hypericum perforatum Hypnum proliferum - -- - 57 Lonicera Periclymenum • * 7 2 — Lychnis Flos Cuculi J 5 Lamium rubrum . . t 33 Leontodon Taraxacum 42 58 Lapfana communis Orobus tuberofus 59 Ophrys apifera 53 . 66 Poa annua Polygonum Biftorta • 6 Polygonum Perficaria • • 22 Polygonum Penlylvanicum 2 3 Polygonum var. caule maculato 2 4 Polygonum Hydropiper Polygonum aviculare 2 5 26 Polygonum minus * 2 7 Potentilla reptans • 28 Polypodium vulgare • 37 Ranunculus bulbofus 68 Ranunculus acris 3 s Solanum Dulcamara 39 Scandix Anthrifcus 14 >_Saxifraga granulata • J 9 Sedum album • 3° Sedum acre 3i Senecio vulgaris Thymus acinos • 3 2 . 61 Thlafpi Burfa Pafioris 4 3 Veronica agreftis 50 Veronica Chamgedrys • 1 Veronica ferpyllifolia • 2 Verbena officinalis , 3 -Viola odorata • 41 Viola hirta • • 63 Viola tricolor . 64 • 6 5 INDEX III. In which the Englilh Names of the Plants are arranged Alphabetically. Plan. Aira fweet tafied water i l , * Brome-Grass foft . . - Brome-Grass barren Bryum broom . . , Bryum curled Bryum fwan’s-neck . ; Bistort common Crane’s-bill hemlock-leaved Crane’s-bill ftinking or herb Robert Cymbalaria Ivy- leaved Chick we ed common Convolvulus large white . , Cinquefoil common . Crowfoot round-rooted * „ Crowfoot upright meadow . Daisy, common, , . t Draba, vernal, . 4 Dead-Nettle purple Dandelion common . . Eyebright red ... Erigeron purple , Flowering-Rush Fools-Parsley . , Fluellin Iharp-pointed , Foxglove purple Fescue-Grass flote Groundsell common , , Harts-tongue Hemlock Heath crofs-leaved Hottonia water Hypnum proliferous . Honeysuckle common Ivy Knot-grass common. Mousear-Chickweed marfh Marsh-Marigold Nipplewort common Nightshade woody Orchis Bee Pimpernel common Pink meadow Pea wood Poa common dwarf * . Per sic aria fpotted leaved Persicaria pale flowered 1 ER SIC ARIA lpotted ftalk’d Persicaria biting Persicaria fmall creeping- Polypody common . Pansie wild ' * Spurge finall garden Spurge fun St. John’s-Wort fmall upright St. JohnVWort common - . o- VV URT con Scandix rough-feeded Saxifrage white Stonecrop white flowered Stonecrop common yellow Shepi-ierds-Pur se Speedwell procumbent garden Speedwell germander-leaved Speedwell Imooth-leaved Iine-tare rough podded 1INE-TARE finooth podded Teasel fmall ?“™rbaci commo,; ^ i] “ w ' VER™ 0 " 5 * t™-**** Violet fweet-fee nted 9 69 70 71 22 5 r 5 2 45 20 z 3 37 3« 62 49 42 58 44 60 2 9 18 46 48 7 7 2 X S 16 2 7 34 4o 59 *4 66 33 53 6 2 3 24 2 5 2 6 28 68 6 5 35 36 56 57 J 9 3o 3 X 3 2 5o 3 54 55 Jo 47 43 4 4 1 6 3 94 i n r — 7* 1 ' * !r ,* ■ ' . i' ' . • fa* - ' r i . it t-i : -ii:. - *"■ . ' • of- - , :\ ’•'-••• ..... - ' • ’ - ' • •’ , . ' _ . . 5 1 Veronica agrestis. Procumbent Garde n-S peedwell. VERONICA Limuei. Gen. PI. Diandria Monogynia. Rati. Syn. Gen. 18. Herba: fructu. sicco singulari flore monopetalo. VERONICA agrejlis, floribus folitariis, pedunculatis ; foliis cordatis incifis, petiolatis ; cafile procumbente. VERONICA agrejlis, floribus folitariis, foliis cordatis incifis pedunculo brevioribus. Linnai Syfi. Veget ab. p. 56. VERONICA floribus folitariis, foliis cordatis incifis petiolatis. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 6 . VERONICA caule procumbente; foliis petiolatis, ovatis, crenatis. Haller. Hifi. V. 1. n. 594. VERONICA agrejlis. Scopoli. FI. Carn. p. 21 Diagn. Primiflora ; foliis ovato-cordatis, crenatis, pedun- culo brevioribus. VERONICA floribus lingularibus, in oblongis pediculis, Chamzedryfolia. Rati. Syn. p. 279. Germander- Speedwell or Chickweed. ALSINE foliis Triffaginis: Gerard, emac. 616. Parkinfon. 764. ALSINE Chamzedryfolia flofculis pediculis oblongis infidentibus. Bauhin. Pin. 250 . Oeder. FI. Dan. Icon. 449. RADIX annua, fibrofa. ¥ CAULES plures, primum ere£ti, tandem procumbentes, | femipedales, fubvillofi, teretes. 4 FOLIA alterna, ovato-cordata, ferrata, petiolis brevibus | infidentia, fubhirfuta. • FLORES pedunculati, pedunculi axillares, longitudine fere foliorum, poli florescendam reflexi. CALYX: Perianthium quadripartitum, laciniis lance- olatis, hirfutis, fubtortuofis, Jig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, fubrotata, calyce brevior, lze- villimo fere tattu decidua; tubus breviflimus ; lacinia: concavae, fubrotundae, nunc penitus coerulea;, nunc venis coeruleis flriatae, Jig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta duo, alba, medio craffiora ; Anthera: coerulelcentes, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen fubcompreflum, hirfutulum, bafi nedlario cindtum ; Stylus viridis, apice incrafla- tus, flaminibus brevior ; Stigma album, capi- tatum, Jig. 4. PERICARPIUM Capsula: Veronica feipyllifolia fimi- lis, at major rotundiorque, fig. 5. SEMINA pallide fufea, plerumque 6 in lingulo locula- mento, rugofa, hinc convexa, inde concava,^. 6. ROOT annual and fibrous. STALKS feveral, firft upright, then procumbent, about fix inches in length, round and fomewhat villous. LEAVES alternate, of an oval-heart lhape, ferrated, placed on Ihort foot-flalks and flightly hairyv FLOWERS placed on foot-flalks, which proceed from the Axilke of the leaves and are nearly of the fame length ; after the flowers are gone off turning back. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into four lacinia;, which are lanceolate, hairy, and fomewhat t willed, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, fomewhat wheel-fhaped and Ihorter than the Calyx, falling off on the leaft touch; the tube very Ihort; the lacinia: concave, and roundilh, fometimes wholly blue, fometimes ftriped with blue, fig. 2. STAMINA : two Filaments of a white colour and thickeft in the middle; Anthera: blueilh, fig- 3 - PISTILLUM : Germen flattilh, a little hairy and fur- rounded at bottom by a Nettarium ; the Style green, thickeft at top, and Ihorter than the Stamina ; Stigma roundilh and white, fi". 4. SEED-A ESSEL a Capsule like that of the Veronica JerpyllJolia, but larger and rounder, fig. 5. SEEDS of a pale brown colour, generally 6 in each cavity, wrinkled, convex on one fide and hollow on the’ other, fig, 6. THERE are few Botamfts but what are apt to confound this fpecies of Veronica with the Veronica arvenjis. and this appears to anfe in fome degree from their fimilarity to each other, but more perhaps from the (imi- W, tk P and the ambiguity of their Englilh names. To prevent in feme degree this confufion, 1 have taken the liberty of altering the Englilh name of Germander-Speedwell or Cticbweed to that of procumbent garden peedwell, in order that the young Botamft may thereby more readily diftinguifli it from the fpecies above mentioned The ftalks ot the Agrejlh are ufually procumbent, and it is found generally in Gar- de " S ■ ,^? erea . s * e A ™P has tin upright ftalk, and with us is found moft commonly on Walls. Betides inch obvi- outly diftmgudhing characters, thele two plants difler confiderably in many other refpefts. In the the leaves are teffile, m the they are placed on footftalks; in the Antevfe Ihe flowei are feffile in M they likewife, are placed on foot-ftalks : and a difference (HU more remarkable, or at leaft more c iriouf ev ft which feems not to have been attended to, viz. the larp-enefs an H mum'nTc t-L r a mi Vi’ .* lar ftrudture of the feed. In moft of the Veronicas tarns fomewhat of that form, although each of the Cavities is large and round P ; and if we exaS “he form of the feeds, we ftiall not wonder at this particular conftruaion, tor each feed indeed of being tadll and fl” as in other Veronicas, is large^ convex on one lide, hollow on the other, and wholly different if its appmrance This peculiarity of ftru&ure, lhows what inconftancy there is in the nf _• m us appearance, it would be ,0 found a Genus on the particular arTinTS the moft uniform are fometimes fubjeft to Inch uncommon variations. The number of feeds in LS cSe is generally about 12, Linnaus- fays 8, Scopoli from 16 to 20. eacn v-apiuie This fpecies grows frequently in Gardens, and flowers through moft of the vr 1 virtues or ufes are attributed to it, S * e lvimmer months. No particular Veronica Cham^drys. Wild Germander. VERONICA Linnai Gen. Pi. Diandria monogynia. Rail Syn. Gen. 18. Herbje fructu sicco singulari, flore monopetalo. VERONICA Chamadrys racemis lateralibus, foliis ovatis rugofis dentatis feflilihus, caule bifariam pilofo. hin. Syjl. Vegetab.p. 57. FI. Suecic. p. 6. VERONICA foliis cordatis fubrotundis, hirfutis, nervofis, ex alis racempfa, Haller , hift. n. 536* CHAMiEDRYS fpuria minor rotundifolia. Bauhin.pin. 249. CHAMvEDRYS fpuria fylveftris. Parlinfon , 107. CHAM^EDRYS fylveftris. Gerard, emac. 657. Rati Syn. 281. Wild Germander, Hudjon, FI. Angl.p. 5, Scopoli. FI. Carniol. p. 15. (a) OEder FI. Dan. icon. 448. RADIX perennis, repens, fibrofa. < CAULES numerofi, decumbentes, teretes, duri, bifariam \ denfe hirfuti, ramofi. s FOLIA cordato-ovata, oppolita, nunc feflilia nunc petiolis ;] brevibus infidentia, ferrata, venofa, hirfutula. s FLORES numerofi, ad 20, caerulei, petiolati : Petioli BRACTiEA lanceolata fuffulti ; racemi longi, nunc oppofiti nunc folitarii. CALYX Perianthium quadripartitum, perfiftens, fo- f liolis lanceolatis, hirfutufls, jfir, 1. : ROOT perennial, creeping, and fibrous. , STALKS numerous, fpreading, round, hard, hairy on each fde , hairs very thick together, branched. LEAVES of an heart fhaped oval form, oppofite, gene-, rally feflile, fometimes ftanding on fhort "foot- ftalks, ferrated, veiny, and flightly hirfute, FLOWERS numerous, to 20, of a bright blue colour, forming long racemi (which are fometimes oppofite, fometimes Angle), ftanding on foot- Jla/ks, each of whiph is iypnortecl by a long- pointed Bractea. CALYX : a Perianthium divided into four fegments and continuing, the fegments lanceolate ancf flightly hairy, fg. 1 , COROLLA monopetala, rotata, tubus breviffimus in- terne ad inferiorem partem villofus, limbo qua- dripartito, plano, laciniis fubcordatis ad bafin venis faturatioribus ftriatis, inferiore anguftiore, fig- a. STAMINA : Filamenta duo apice incrafl'ata, adfcen- dentia, fg. 3. An thera: fagittafse, jig. 4. Pollen album, pg. 6. COROLLA monopetalous and wheel fhaped, |he tube very fhort, internally yillous on the lqwermoft fide, the limb flat, and divided into four Aug- ments, the fegments fomewhat heart-fhaped, ftriated at bottom with veins of a purple colour, the lowermoft fegtnent narrower than the reft, fig ■ 2. STAMINA: two Filaments, thlckeft at top, rifing upward, jig. 3, the Anthers arrow-, fhaped^ fig. 4. the Pollen wlflte, PISTILLUM: Germen comprefliim glandula ne£tari- fera cinftum : Stylus declinatus, casrulefcens, Stigma obtufum, purpureum, fg. 5. PERICARPIUM : Capsula cordata, fubcomprejfa, pallide fufca, calyce paulo brevior , ad marginem hirfutulum, fg. 7. SEMINA : plura, comprefla, flavefcentia, fg. 8. PISTILLUM : the Germen flattifh, furrounded at bot- tom by ane«ftariferousgland,j%. 6. the Style hanging downwards, blueifh 5 the Stigma blunt, and purple, fig, 5, SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule, heart-fhaped ,fatti/h, of a light brown colour, a little [horter than the calyx , and flightly hairy at the edge, fg. 7. SEEDS feveral, flat, of a yellowifh hrown colour,^, 8. The flowers of this Veronica are the largeft and moft fpecious of all the Plants of that Genus which grqw wild in this Kingdom ; many plants with lefs beauty are cultivated in our Gardens with the greateft care. The leaves have been recommended by fome writers as a fubftitute for fiea. It bears a confiderable refemblance to the Veronica montana , but differs eflentially frpm that plant in the fize of its Seed-veflels and the great number of flowers which it bears on its Racemi. See Jacquin. Flor. Aufriac. Vol. 1, When growing wild the leaves are ufually feflile or placed on very fhort foot-ftalks, when cultivated they become larger and the foot-ftalks moderately long; a kind of monftroflty, which Linnasus has likewife obferved, is very frequent on the leaves at the extremity of the ftalk ; which are collected into a very hairy white knob, on opening one of thefe I found two or three Infers in their Pupa or Chryfalis ftate, which moft probably would have produced fome fpecies of Fly. This appearance is very common at the latter end of Summer. This is an ear’y blowing plant, and grows very common on dry banks, under hedges, apd in orchards ; it flowers ip May and June. -Y V\ o T ;■! f! -i'd iltnf ■ • N! • vF . T . ;;T - .0.1 /. i-d'i- ..*<-■* IT ,;ji -• cv>f;* i- "or - ; r: y.v.) •• ••* r.t/A • • ... ;,>ui ■■■>-'■ * ; ; ' . ’ Mtm:!- '• Sc-ol •••• * ••• J " Veronica serpyllifolia. little smooth Speedwell, A U L’S B E T O N Y. VERONICA VERONICA VERONICA VERONICA VERONICA VERONICA VERONICA VERONICA Linnai Gen. PI. Diandria Monogynia. Rail Syn. Gen. i8*. Herba: fructu sicco singulari, flore monopetalo. ferpyllifolia racemo terminali fubfpicato, foliis ovatis glabris, crenatis. Linnai Syft. Veget ab. p. 56. FI. Suecic. p. 6. caule redo, foliis ovatis, glabris, crenatis, petiolis ex alis unifloris, breviffimis. Haller hift. n. 546. pratenlis ferpyllifolia. Bauhin Pin. 247. pratenlls minor. Parkinfon. 551. minor. Gerard anac. 627. foemina quibufdam, aliis Betonica Pauli Serpyllifolia. I. Bauhin. III. 285. Raii Syn. p. 279. n. 3. Hudfm, FI. Angi. p. 4. n. 4 Scopuli FI. Carnwl. F.i. p. ,2..,,. 10 OEder FI. Dan. icon. 492. RADIX perennis’ fibrolUTima; plices, palmares, teretes, l*Jes. “ fim ‘ | ST ^ KS U p^hr S fim^ P1 ^ of four’ incLfhi^f | round and fmooth. ° 3 FOLIA oppofita, fubconnata, fubrotundo-ovata, r art ter \. el obfoletc [errata, glabra, trinervia. I FLORAS albi, venis caeruleis pi£ti, lpicati, pedunculati, ^ alterni, Bractea magnae, ovatas. t i CALV X : Periantiiium quadripartitum, laciniis ovato- | acutis, glabris, jig. 1 . I COROLLA monopetala, rotata; tubus breviffimus ; la- cinias fubcordatie, inferiore anguftiore ; fuperiore lacinia Uriis aut venis purpureis odo notata lateralibus venis duabus, inferiore penitus alba’ fg • 2 - STAMINA : Filamenta duo, alba, apice incrafiata, Fg- 5» Anther* casrulefcentes. PISTILLUM: Germen fubcomprefliim, Stylus albus apice paululum incraflatus, perfiftens. Stigma capitatum, rubens, Jig. 3. NECT ARIUM ad bafm germinis, ut in Veronica Cha- I mredrvs. , t % PERICARPIUM: Capsula fubcordata, fufca, pro f magnitudine planta magna, fg. 4. | | SEMINA plurima, 60 numeravi, e luteo-fufca, fub-ova- I ra > Fg o- ^ $ LEAVES oppofite, nearly uniting at bottom, of a rmnd- l/h-ovaljorm, here and there, Jlightly firrated, fmooth f and trm ervous. I ,■ FLOWERS white, coloured with blue veins or ftripes growing in fpikes on foot-ftalks alternately! r loral leaves large and oval. • CALYX : A Perianthium divided into four parts, the Segments of an oval pointed Ihape, and fmooth, fg. 1. : COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped, the tube very lhort, the fegments fomewhat heart-lhaped the lower one narroweft ; the upper fegment marked with eight purple veins or ftripes, the fide ones with two, and the lower one entirely white fg. 2. STAMINA : two Filaments, white and thickilh to- wards the extremity; the Anther* blueilh Fg- 5> 6. PISTILLUM: the Germen flattilh, the Style white a little thicker towards the extremity, and con- tinuing. Stigma roundilh, and of a redilh colour, fg. 3 . NECTARY at the bottom of the Germen as in the Ve- ronica Chamsdrys. SEED-VESSEL a Capsule fomewhat heart-fhaped tt^"°4 Ur ’ “ d proportion to SEEDS numerous, of a yeUowifli. brown colour, and fomewhat oval ihape, fg. 8. We counted 60 in one capfule. It is P one of the leaft b f Writers. fl tSsV t e ea? P dT Months. ^ 1,1 Mead ° ws “ d F«Ids, and fometimes in Gardens for thr G arden great ^ ^ but they are too minute to make its beautv cof ItS ^ ^ — -% ***** -the other SpelZr U0US Anthoxanthum odoratum. Sweet-scented or Vernal Grass. ANTHOXANTHUM Linnai Gen. PI, Diandria Digynia. Calyx. Gluma bi valvis, uniflora. Corolla. Gluma bivalvis, acu- minata. Semen unicum. Raii Synop. Gen. 27. Herba: graminifolia: flore imperfecto culmifera:. ANTHOXANTHUM odoratum fpica oblonga, ovata, laxa. ANTHOXANTHUM odoratum fpica oblonga, ovata, flofculis fubpedunculatis arifta longioribus, Linnai Syjl. Vege tab. p. 67. FI. Suecic. No. 33. AVENA diantha, folliculo villofo, calycis glumis inaequalibus, altera de imo dorfo, altera de fummo ariftala. Haller, hijl. helv. No. 1491- ANTHOXANTHUM odoratum Scopoli FI. Carniol. No. 38. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 10. Stillingjleet mifcel, . t. 1. Schreber Gram. tab. 5. p. 49. GRAMEN pratenfe fpica flavefeente. Bauhin. Pin. 3. GRAMEN vernum fpica brevi laxa. Raii Syn. 389. Scheuch. hijl. 88. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. CULMI primum obliqui, demum eredi, dodrantales aut pedales. FOLIA inter digitos attrita odorem Afperulae odorat* fpargunt, plerumque pubefeentia, f* pe leniter tortuofa, membrana ad bafin inftruda, Vagina ftriata, l*vis. SPICAE oblongo-ovat*, lax*. CALYX : Gluma bivalvis, Valvulis inaequalibus, infe- riore dimido breviore, membranacea, acuta, fuperiore acuminata, neryis tribus viridibus ex- tantibus, jig. 3, 2. COROLLA : Gluma bivalvis, valvulae fubaequales, mem- branaceae, pilofee ariftat*, fufeae ; altera Arifla qu* demum geniculata fit, prope bafin qxlurgit, altera prope apicem, Jig. 4, NEOTARIUM : Glumula: du*, pellucid*, nitidae, ovat*, in*quales, germen includentes , jig. 5, 6. STAMINA: Filamenta duo pr*longa ; Anthera: oblong*, purpure*, utrinque furcat*, jig. 5. PISTILLUM : Germen minimum oblongo-ovatum ; Styli duo JUijonnes glumi longiores, verfus a- picem plumulof*, Jig. 7. SEMEN qnicum, Nedario fufeo, nitido, inclufum,/^ .8. ROOT perennial and fibrous. STALKS at firft: growing obliquely, finally becoming up-? right, ufually from 8 to 12 inches high. LEAVES, if rubbed betwixt the fingers, fmelling like WoodrofF, generally pubefeent and often curled, furnifhed with a membrane at bottom ; the Sheath ftriated and fmooth. SPIKES of an oblong oval fhape and fmooth. CALYX: a Glume of two Valves, the Valves unequal, the lowermoft fhorter by one half, membranous and acute; the uppermoft acuminated, with three ftrong nerves or ribs, jig. 3, 2. COROLLA : a Glume of two Valves, the Valves near- ly equal, membranous, hairy, of a brown colour, and furnilhed with Arifl:*, one of the Arifl*, which finally becomes bent, fprings from the bafe of the Valve, the other almoft at the top, fig- 4 - NECTARIUM : two fmall, pellucid, fhining, oval, un- equal Glumes or Valves inclojing the Germen t fig- 5 > 6 - STAMINA: two Filaments very long; Anthera: long, purple, forked at each end, fig. 5. PISTILLUM : Germen very fmall, of an oblong oval fhape; Styles two, Jlender, longer than the valves, and towards the top a little feathered, fig- 7 : SEED Angle, inclofed within its brown, fhining Neda- rium, jig. 8. ^Fthoxanthum is diftinguifhed from the other Grafles by a very Angular circumftance, viz. that of having only two Stamina, Jig. 1. hence it is placed by Linnaus among the Diandrous plants, and feparated from all the other oialles ; this peculiarity, although it occafions a feparation which does violence as it were to Nature yet it ferves in a very finking manner to difcriminate this Genus from a numerous and difficult tribe of plants : exclufive of this Angu- lari y, it differs alfo very eflentially m the other parts of its fructification ; each of the Spicul* contains in common with many other grafles, only one flower, fig. 1: one of the GW Calycime, or valves of the Calyx, is fmall and membranous,/^ 3; the other is large, and indoles, or wraps up in it, as it were, the whole of the fructification, Jg. 2, thefe glumes, fo far as I have obferved, do not open and expand themfelves in the manner obfervable in the 1 h 1 W 7 r 0the rT ere the F ^parate quite wide, andexpofe their little feathery Styles ; but the Stamina ^ ^P^^emrelyMom.lhe gkmcsremamrng clofed, fg. The Gluma Corollaceee are vety dif- fimilar to thofe or moft othei grafles, being remarkably hairy, andhaving each of them an Arifla, the longeft of which fprings from near the bafe of the glome, is at firft ftraight, but as the feed becomes ripe, the top of it is giieralJbent horizontally inward ; the other Arifta anfes from near the top of the oppofite Glume or Valve fig- f Th/ Chi mul* Nebiaru or little Glumes of the Nedarium, differ no lefs in their ftrudure, being compofed *of two fittle Sal Iffl If’ ““t f T 1S G?' 1 " the , 0ther ; thefc dofel y embrace thc Germ “. md cannot be feen bl« with great difficulty, unlefs they are obferved mil: at the time that the Anthera: are protruding from betwixt them when they are very diftinft Jig. 6 ; as foon as the Anthera: are excluded, they again clofe on the Germen, and continue to form a coat to the feed which does not feparate. Jig j 8 ’ ana continue to bvTt h s e flT ei;, f?f h l 0fe Wh ° - 1V L^ t n bem - : aCC ! fto “ ed examine P knts minutely may readily diftinguifli this grafs lCe f ”ld hta® ed™ ' ’ fi ° SCrS - theJ '"P" 1 3 odourlike 4 of Woldruff.Jhlnce foil that is moderately drv. It is fubieft like aU “ f eneral to P re fer a tag!! 1 in tS:t n abouS ^ cpnfiderable advan- th? circumftance moft in its favour, i “ hott ° m ; b "' to fow with others in laying down meadow land.and probably the pfatrmiJh^ t0 ^ pr0per S rals Fejluca elatior or Meadow Fefcue joined to it, would form l mixture the nrodnrf of Meadow Gr.ijs, with the be fuperior to that of moft others. mixture, the produce of which, would for this purjoie. . Air A aquatica. Sweet -tasted Water Air a. AIR A Linnai Gen. PI. Triandria Digynia. Cal. 2 valvis, 2 florus. Flofculi abfque interjeCto rudimento. Pali Syn. Gen. 27. Herb.® graminifoli® flore imperfecto culmifer®. AIRA aquatica panicula patente, floribus muticis laevibus calyce longioribus, foliis planis. Linnai Syfl. Veget ab. p. 96. FI. Suecic. No. 68. POA locuftis bifloris ; glabris, florali gluma majori plicata, ferrata. Baller hijl. No. 1471. AIRA aquatica Scopoli FI. Carniol. 94. Hudfon FI. Angi. 29. AIRA culmo inferiore repente, flofculis muticis calyce longioribus, altero pedunculato. Roy. lugdb. 60. GRAMEN caninum fupinum paniculatum dulce. Bauhin Pin. 2. GRAMEN miliaceum aquaticum. Rati Syn. 402. Scheuz. agr. 218. GRAMEN miliaceum fluitans fuavis faporis. Merret. Pin. RADIX perennis. CULMUS bafi repit, furculofque emittit more Feftucas fluitantis qui longe excurrunt et ad geniculos radiculas plures albas dimittunt ; culmusdemum erigitur, pedalis circiter, teres, ereCtus, fiftulo- fus, tener. FOLIA latiufcula, tenera, lasvia, carinata, vaginae ftria- tae, ad bafin rubrae praecipue in furculis. PANICULA ereCta, diffufa, laxa, racemi plures ex uno punCto, faepe flexuofi. SPICULjE plerumque biflores,, flofculo uno feflili, alte- ro pedunculato, purpurei, apicibus albidis, /g. 1. CALYX : Gluma bivalvis, valvulis inaequalibus, pur- pureis, laevibus, Corolla multo brevioribus,^-. 2. COROLLA : Gluma bivalvis, valvulis aequalibus, fub- truncatis, plicatis live angulatis, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta tria capillaria, longitudine Corollae; Anthers flavae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum; Styli duo plumofi, fig. 4- NECTARIUM Glumul® duae minimae ad bafin Germinis, fig. 5. SEMEN ovatum, intra Glumas arCte claufum, fig. 7. ROOT perennial. STALK creeps at bottom, and fends out young fhoot3 like the Flote Fefcue grafs, which run out to a confiderable diftance, and fend down fmall white roots at the joints ; it then becomes ereCt, grows to about a foot in height, is round, hol- low, and tender. LEAVES broadilh, tender, fmooth, carinated, the (heaths ftriated, red at bottom, particularly in the young Ihoots. PANICLE upright, lpreading, loofe ; branches feve- ral, proceeding from one point, frequently crooked. SPICUL/E generally contain two flowers, one of which is ieflile, and the other Hands on a foot-ftalk, purple, the tips white, fig. 1 . CALYX : a Glume of two valvess the valves unequal, purple, fmooth, and much Ihorter than the Corolla, fig. 2 COROLLA : a Glume of two valves, the valves equal, as if cut off at top, folded or angular, fig. 3. STAMINA : three capillary Filaments the length of the Corolla; An ther® yellow, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen oval ; Styles two and fea- thery, fig. 4. NECTARY two very minute Glumes at the bottom of the Germen, fig. 5. SEED oval, clofely contained within the Glumes, 7. The fame foil and fituation which produces the Fefiuca fluitans, is productive alfo of this grafs ; they both grow in gently flowing ftreams, or in wet boggy meadows ; this circumftance may ferve among others to diftinguilh the Air a aquatica from fome of the Pods, with which at firft fight the young botanift might eafily confound it: it has however befides this, many other characters which point it out more obvioufly. The bottom of the ftalk ufually creeps on the ground, and when it gets into the water, it runs out like the Fefiuca fluitans to a confidqrable diftance, throwing off roots and young ftioots as it pafles along, very much in the manner of that grafs : the ftalk grows about a foot or more in height, is hollow, and remarkably tender ; the leaves are broader than any of the Poa's , ex- cept the Poa aquatica , which is in every refpeCt a much ftronger plant : but what more efpecially characterizes this grafs, is the purple or blueifh colour of the Panicles, which is difcernible even at a diftance; and the fweet tafte .of the flowers if drawn through the mouth, whence this grafs has acquired the name of dulce. Its parts of fructification likewife above deferibed, diftinguifh it very ftrongly : when dried and placed between papers, the flowers and feeds are very apt to fall off. It flowers in June and July, and may be found almoft every where in the fituations above-mentioned. With refpeCt to its ules in rural oeconomy, it is in every refpeCt inferior to the Flote fiefeue grafis, confequently not worth cultivating for the ufe of cattle. In a country like ours, where cultivation has made a confiderable progrefs, the water plants are confined to a fmall fpace compared to what they occupied in a ftate of nature ; the draining of bogs and lakes has rendered many large trafts in feveral parts of the kingdom, capable of producing corn and grafs adapted to the ufe of cattle, which, were formerly inacceffible to man or beaft. We ought not however to look on this or any other plant as made in vain, be- caufe we do not immediately fee the ufes they are applied to : feveral forts of water-fowl which abound in uninhabited countries, are expert gatherers of the feeds of the aquatic grajfes ; and no lefs than five different fpecies of Mufici or Flies , were produced from a few handfuls of the feeds of this grafs, which when I gathered it, were doubtlefs in their Pupa or Chryfalis flate : How little do we know of natures productions ! ' ' ■ ■ jfia. sia • - * •- ; • • - ‘ .*■ • • ' ’ • - • - - ' Poa annua. Common dwarf Poa. POA Linnai. Gen. Plant. Triandria Digynia. Rail Sy nop. Gen. 27. Herba: graminifolia: flore imperfecto culmifera:. POA annua, panicula diffufa, angulis reftis, fpiculis obtufis, culmo obliquo compreflo. Lin. Syjl. Vegetal, p. 97. Spec. Plant, ed. 3. p. 99. FI. Suecic. p. 228. POA culmo infracto, panicula triangulari, locuftis trifloris glabris. Haller, hijl. Vol. 2. p. 223. GRAMEN pratenfe paniculatum minus. Bauhin.Pm.p-. 2 GRAMEN pratenfe minimum album et rubrum. Gerard, emac. 3. Parkinfon. 1156. GRAMEN pratenfe minus feu vulgatiffimum. Rail Synop. 408. Hudfon. FI. Angi. p. 34. Scopoli. FU Carniol. 71. Stilling fleet, tab. 7 RADIX annua, fibrofiflima. _ J ROOT annual and very fibrous. CULMI plures, cefpitofi, femiprocumbentes, in pratis * STALKS numerous, forming a turf, femiprocumbent, vero inter alias plantas crefcentes, fuberefti, I but in meadows when growing among other ' paululum infra&i, femipedales. f plants, nearly upright, a little crooked, and ± about half a foot high. VAGINAE compreflas, ancipites, laeves. t SHEATHS flat, two edged, and fmooth. FOLIA plurima, brevia, carinata, glabra, faepe tranf- | LEAVES very numerous, fhort, keel-fhaped, fmooth, verfim rugofa, margine minutiflime aculeata. | frequently wrinkled tranfverfely, the edge very fig. 8. I finely ferrated. fig. 8. PANICULA triangularis, fubcomprefla, flores fubfe- | PANICLE of a triangular fhape and flattifh, the flowers cundi. J growing moflly to one fide. PEDUNCULI univerfales ad bafin paniculae plerumque £ PEDUNCLES : the univerfal peduncles generally pro- bini, altero breviore, in medio frequenter terni, | ceed from the bottom of the panicle in pairs, apice vero fiolitarii ; anguli nunc redti, nunc | one of which is fhorter than the other, from obliqui. | , the middle often by threes, and at top flngly ; form- | ing angles fometimes ft raight, fometimes oblique. SPICULiE ovato-acutie, compreflie, utrinque acutae | SPICULiE oval and pointed, flatilh and fharp on both triflorae, quadriflorae. fig. 2. _ t fides, containing three and four flowers, fig. 2. CALYX: Gluma bivalvis, valvulis concavis, inaequa- | CALYX: a Glume of two valves, the valves hollow libus. fig. 1. _ * and unequal, fig. 1 . COROLLA bivalvis, valvulis villofis, margine mem- | COROLLA of two valves, the valves villous, membra- branaceis, albidis, una majore, concava, obtufi- | nous and whitifh at the edges, the one larger, ufcula; altera minore, anguftiore. fig. 3. | hollow and bluntifh, the other fmaller and I narrower, fig. 3. STAMINA : Filamenta tria capillaria ; Anthera: * STAMINA : the Filaments very minute, the Anthe- flavefcentes, bifurcatas. fig. 4. | RA: yellowifh and forked, fig. 4. PISTILLUM . Germen ovatum, Styli duo ramofifli- | PISTILLUM ; the Germen oval, two Styles exceed- mi, pellucidi, fig. 5. | ingly ramified and pellucid, fig. 5. SEMEN ovatum, corolla adnafcente te&urn, ad bafin | SEED oval, covered by the Corolla which adheres to it, villofulum. fig. 7. I at bottom {lightly villous, fig. 7. THE laudable Society eftablifhed in London for the encouragement of Manufactures, Arts, and Commerce, fenfible of the improvements which might be made in Agriculture, from a more general introduction of the moft ufeful Englifh Grajfes, have offered Premiums to fuch as fhall give the befi: account of their cultivation, and the Poa Annua above defcribed, is one of thofe they have feleCted, from its appearing to them to be one of the moft: ufeful. Mr. Stillingfleet obferves that it makes the fineft turf, that he has feen in high Suffolk whole fields of it, without any mixture of other Grafies, and that as fome of the befl: lalt Butter we have in London comes from that County, he apprehends it to be the befi: Grafs for the Dairy ; from obferving likewife, that this Grafs flourifhed much more from being trodden on, he concludes that frequent rolling muff be very ferviceable to it: There is no Grafs better entitled to Ray’s epithet of Vulgatijfimum than this, as it occurs almofi: every where, in Meadows, Gardens, at the fides of Paths, and on Walls: when it grows in a very dry fituation, it frequently doth not exceed three inches, but in rich meadows it often grows more than a foot in height. The panicle is frequently green, but in open fields it acquires a reddifh tinge ; it flowers all the Summer long, and even in Winter if the weather be mild. . ..... It appears to be the firft: general covering which Naturehas provided for a fruitfulfoil when ithas beendifturbed ; for which reafon, in Walks, Pavements, or Pitching, it may be confidered as one of the moft troublefome of Weeds ; the moft expeditious method of deftroying it, would probably be by pouring boiling water on it. All the Authors that have defcribed this Grafs call it an annual, it differs however very confiderably from the other annual Grafies, they throw up their Spikes or Panicles, produce their flowers and feeds, and then die away ; this on the contrary keeps continually throwing out new fhoots, and producing new flowers, and feeds, and if the ground be moift, a fingle plant will remain growing in this manner throughout the year, fo that we generally find on the fame plant, young fhoots and ripe feeds. “ Hie ver afiiduum atque alienis menfibus eejlas.” Perhaps this is the only vegetable we have that in this Circumftance imitates the Tropical plants. Although its feed may be gathered the whole fummer long, yet about the latter end of May, it will be found in the greatefi: plenty : Experience rauft determine the befi method, in which this Grafs fhould be cultivated, whether by fowing its feed, or dividing and tranfplanting the Grafs itlelf ; as this feed would with more difficulty be procured in large quantities than that of many others, and as a fingle tuft of this Grafs may be divided into a vafi: number of young plants, probably tranfplanting it in w r et weather would be the moft: eligible mode of cultivation. Thefe obfervations are fubmitted to the confideration of the Farmer and Gentlemen of landed property, who refide in the Country, and who have both leifure and opportunity to try experiments of this kind. Although the Authors province more particularly is to deferibe and figure thefe plants in fuch a manner as to make them as obvious as poffible, yet he would be exceedingly happy to communicate to the public, any improvements which may be made in this or any other branch of Agriculture, that he may be favoured with. Festuca fluitans. Flote Fescue Grass. FESTUCA Limuei Gtn. Pl. Triandria Digynia: Raii Gen. 27. Herb* Graminifoli* flore imperfecto cclmifer*. FESTUCA panicula ramofa ereBa, fpiculis fubfeffilibus, teretibus muticis, Limuti Syjl. Fegetai. f. lot. Fl. Suecic . p. 32. POA locuffis teretibus multifloris, glumis floralibus exterioribus truncatis, interioribus bifidis. Hatter, bj/ 1 . f. 219. n. 1453. v ‘ 2 * POA fluitans. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. p. 73. GRAMEN aquaticum fluitans, multiplici fpica. Batihin Pin. 2. GRAMEN aquaticum cum longiffima panicula. I. Bauhin. II. 490. Raii Syn. p. 412. FIote-Grafs. GRAMEN fluviatile. Gerard emac. 14. Parkinfin. 1275. Hudfon. Fl. Angi. f. 38. Order. F/. Ban. 1 . 237. Schreber. Gram. tab. 3. Stdlingfleet. mif tab. 10. RADIX perennis, in limum profunde penetrans. CULMUS pro ratione loci pedalis ad tripedalem, bafi repens furculofque promens, dein fubereCtus, vaginis foliorum ad paniculam ufque amiCtus. VAGINiE foliorum compreflie, fubancipites, ftriatas. FOLIA latiufcula, lasvia ; furculorum ereCta, carinata brCviufcula, caulina longiora, planiulcula, flac- cida, aquis tempore hyberno proftrata. PANICULA longa, inclinata, nonnunquam fubfpicata faepius vero ramofa, ramis nunc cauli adpreflis nunc diftantibus, ut pinxit Cl: Schreberus- SPICULiE tenues, teretes, unciales aut fefquicunciales 9 ad 12 florae, rachi adpreflie. CALYX : Gluma bivalvis, valvulis inaequalibus, mem- branaceis. fig. 2. COROLLA bivalvis, valvulae longitudine aequales, ca- lyce majores, inferiore majore, concava, lineata, nervis apice faepe coloratis, apice membranacea, obtufiufcula, laepius erofa ; fuperiori lanceoiata, comprefla, bicufpidata. fg. 3. 4. STAMINA : Filamenta tria capillaria, Anther* flavae aut purpuraicentes, oblongas,^. 5. PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum, Styli duo fubulati, reflexi, Stigmata ramofiflima. fg. 7. 6. 8. NECTARIUM Glandula fquamiformis, cordata, hori- zontalis, ad bafin germinis, fg. 9. SEMEN oblongum, nitidum olivaceum, bicornicula- tum, nudum, fg. 10. 11. FIG 12 Spicula morbo Ergot affecta. ROOT perennial, ftxiking deep into the mud. STALK according to its place of growth from one to three feet in length, creeping at bottom- and fending forth young fhoots, afterwards nearly upright ; covered with the fheaths of the leaves as far as the panicle. SHEATHS of the leaves, flattened, two edged - , and floated. LEAVES rather broad and fmooth, thofe of the young: fhoots upright, keel-fhaped, and fhortifh ; thole of the ftalk longer, flattifh, weak, and hanging down, in the winter feafon lying flat on the water. PANICLE long, generally inclined or bending down a little, iometimes forming a kind of fpike, but moft commonly branched ; the branches fome- times prefled to the flalk, fometimes diverging from it in the manner reprefented by Schreber. SPICULE flender, round, an inch or an inch and a half long, producing from 9 to 1 2 flowers, prefled to the Stalk. CALYX : a Glume of two valves, which are unequal and membranous, fg. 2. COROLLA of two valves, which are of an equal length and bigger than the Calyx, the lower valve largeft, concave and nervous, the nerves to- wards the top frequently coloured, at top mem- branous, rather blunt with uneven points, the upper valve more pointed, flat and bifid, fg. 3.4. STAMINA : three Filaments veryflender, Anther.e oblong and yellow or purplifh. fg. 5. PISTILLUM : Germen oval, Styles two, tapering and bending back, Stigmata very much branch- ed. fg. 7. 6. 8. NECTARY a fmall heart-fhaped fquamiform gland, placed horizontally at the bottom of the Germen, fg. 9. SEED oblong, fhining, of an olive colour, with two little horns, and naked, fg. 10. 1 1. FIQ 12 a Spicula affected with the difeafe called Ergot. IN fpeaking of the Bromus mollis , we had occafion to remark the very great variety of appearance to which th* Grafles were fubjeCt from foil and fituation, and this obfervation is equally applicable to the Fefiuc a fluitans. This Grafs appears to thrive beft in flill waters, or gently running ftreams, where its numerous fibres penetrate eafily into the mud ; in fuch fituations it becomes very luxuriant, the leaves are large, tender and fweet, and the Panicle becomes very much branched ; but in Meadows where it is deprived of its natural quantity of water, it becomes in every refpeCt lefs, and the Panicle is frequently changed to a Ample fpike ; when it has nearly- done flowering, the branches of the Panicle generally projeCt from the main ftalk fo . as to form an acute angle. In every fituation whether the Panicle be large, or fmall, the Spiculas are always prefled clofe to the ftalk or bran- ches of the Panicle, and this circumftance joined to the length, and roundnefs of the Spiculze, fufficiently cha- racterize this fpecies ; if it fhould not however, its parts of fructification afford at once a moft plcafing and fatisfaCtory diftinCtion, vid. fg. 6. 9. 10. We, found inRlmoft ewry watery ditch, flowering from the biMmnng te '«£* 0 * «Sommef, *™ jr -fruffificstion which are peculiar to the Grafles, large enough to be S.ft«aiy drfcefned even by the naked tye, and fo expofed as to be vifible without the trouble of dine chon. Modem Botanifts fccm much divided whether they Ml cbufider this as a f» Cohtta^dlhff ff Ll“- -that we mould in the lead advance our favourite Science by altering its generic warns, although we are by no means fatisfied with bis generic charafters of the G. “ Jffi*. that futute otfevations and a more accurate attention to the minute parts of therr fto&EcaBOD, will place nera in a much clearer point of view 'than has yet been done by any author. ProfdSor Ofwer in his FIMA D'AMci.undtJie celebrated Somni in Ms AgrostogRApSia, have both given a«&s!a!»aw.Si3SS carver Kites characTerize this fpecies. He has reprefented the Styles as branched or featured _qmte ^dmvnto _theG^&, W*ea^ they ate evidently necked at bottom and much branched at lop only ; the Angular Squamu a i ir SokdMtetaie o t he Ger mm he has properly noticed, but the torn little Horns at the top of the feed, which in a peculiar manner diftinguilh this important feed, he ***** likewife feathered down to the Germen and the Squamula -at the bafe of the Geimeh wholly otalted. This Grafs Is found to he bf confiderable importance in the ceconothyof Nature. The P« r . Fefluae or Gold Spot ^ which ticular manner of finding it we lhall give under that grafs. pSarly frrinffi they |eTequ|n^ « its fweet young fhoots, which appear earlier than thofe of mof other Gralles. Profeflor KAMM ill a journey through part of Sweden, obferved the Swine to go a great way into the water after «. iT I tatwCT, they St With great eagernefs ; on this he was tempted to try rf they would eat the «. iW® graft dried ■ he accordingly had fault bundles of it gathered, dried, and call before them ; the eonfequence “ was tley it feemiugly with® l much appetite as horfesdo hay hence he concludra that by cultivating thu gmfs, - wt t andfummpy places might be rendered ufeful, and a great deal of corn, & c. faved . He who Introduced the method of feeding hogs in fummer time on Clover ^eferved very well of ^countr# , and if the hay of this grafs would keep them in heart during the winter, it might prove a very valuable dilcovery. Mr. Kent in his hint, to Gentlemen of landed frosty, lately publiihed, confiders this -fibres us CP ->a.) it is to be improved above all others, and at a lefs expence, merely by flooding,, (p. 54 J be m forms ns that flowing deftroy. J weeds, and enriches the land to a very high degree j (p. j6 J he fays ^ as red lrng and oreffure brine- this annual meadow-mifs, lb flooding immediately begets the pit JiflM. Thefe attertions of Mr. Kent nor the accurately praaical Farmer, they contain an exaggerated account orimprovmg pafture land by a particular pfocefs, but fhow a great want of that minute attention which fo important a fubjed required. From a long refidence in Hatnpfhire, we well know that the meadows ill that county are confiderably improved by flooding them® that is flopping tile water when there happens to be an unufual quantity from violent or long contniu- ed S, and by means o'f «Inches or gripes, conveying the furplus water fo ^ ot^ow them Me- but we deny that by this proceii allweeds are defttoyed, the ufe of manure fuperfeded, or that Jtote JeJcuegraJs is MU gotten. Al hough it is a conflant praffice with the farmers to flood their meadows in the winter it S W good crops of grafs to manure them with dung or afhes Flooding can no otherwife deftroy weeds than by altering the foil m which they grow and rf weeds it muft certainly favour the growth of another : if thofe plants which throve heft in a dry iituation ate aearoyea bv the HtSXfXfe now takes place in the foil, thofe which are fond of a moift fituat.on will proportionally flou- tifh If the fete fefeue grafs was immediately produced by flooding, we foould find all thofe meadows lAich . e mf —’ “ thankMr - “ giving them iuch a hint. “ Mr Stillinfffleet informs us that Mr. Deane a very fenfible Fanner at Rufcomb, in Berkfhire, affured him, that *■ a field alway lying underwater of about four acres, that was occupied by Ms father when he was a boy was covered “ ^Ith a khrd y o/gra®f3 that maintained five farm-horfes in good heart from Apr. to the end giving “ them any other food and that it yielded more than they could eat. He at my defire brought me tome ot the .. S which proved to be thejta fefeue with a mixture of»# bent ; whether this laft contributes much towards “ lirnifoing fo good pafture for horfes I cannot fay, they both throw out roots at the pints of the fla ks and therefore “ likely to grof t 0 P a great length. In the index of dubious plants at the end of Ray s Synoffi, there is mention <. ma de ofa grafs under the name of Gramen caninum fupimm hr.giffmum growing not far from SaB/hry 'twenty-four feet « bug • this muft by ka length be a grafs with a creeping ftalk ; and that there rs a grafs M Wrltflure, growing ... warerV meadows fo valuable that an acre of it lets from ten to twelve pounds, I have been Informed by feveral perfT TWe circumftances incline me to think it muft be th ofote fefeue , but whatfoever grals rt be it certam- “ ly muft deferve to be enquired after”. It may not be improper to add, that the account of the extraordinary long grals above mentioned Rav fromth c Phytographia Britannica, which mentions the particular foot where it grew, via. at Mi. Tuckers, . Haddington, nine miles from Saliftrary ; it is aifo remarked that they fat Hogs with tt. As it is now above a century force this enquiry was firft made, is it not Ufo g *^*&f*J^ ter fhould have acquired fatisfaftory information concerning it ? I am promifed ipecimens Upou Upon the whole, from the obfervations which we ourfelves have' made on this Grafs and from what is' to be. colle&ed from Authors, it appears that if it be cultivated to any advantage ' it muft.. be in fuch meadows as are naturally very Wet and'' never drained. The quickeft and perhaps the beft method of propagating it would oe by transplanting .the roots at, a proper feafon, and if the foil prove fuitable, from the quicknefs of its. growth, and its creeping Stalk, it would foon exclude moil: other plants, and produce a plentiful crop. ... • I' 1 foreign countries the feed of this Grafs feems to be an objedt of more importance, than the grafs. itfelf, the following is the fubftance of what Mr. Schreber has faid concerning it, ,. (vid, Bejchreibung, der Gr.afer _p. 40-.,) “ The feed has a fweet- and pleafant tafte particularly before it comes to its full growth, whence . the plai.it. lias acquired the name of Manna Grafs. Ducks and other water-fowl feed on it with much eagernefs (Linnaeus has “ remarked that the Water-fowl are very well acquainted with the method of colle&ing thefe feeds) it. has been “ obferved likewife that Filh are fond of it, and that Trout in particular' thrive in thofe rivers where this grafs grows in plenty and Iheds its feeds ; but it is not only for Birds and Filh but alfo for Man a palatable and nutritious “ food, and has for many years pad been known at Gentlemens tables under the name of Manna-Grout. ■ “ The Manna Grafs is of two kinds the one Panicum /anguina le or Cochs-foot P(inic-Grafs the otjier Feflucajluitans •“ which we have now deferibed ; the former is cultivated in fev^ral parts of Germany, and its feed lomewh.at relem- bles that of Millet, the latter is colleded in great abundance from the plant as it grows wild in Poland, , Lithuania , the new Marche and about Franckfort and other places in Sjlefia qs alfo in Denmark an 4 Sweden and hence exported “ to all parts. • The common method they make ufe of to gather and prepare this feed m Poland, PruJJia, and the Marche is as follows. At fun rife the feed is gathered or beat from the dewy grafs into a horfe-hair fieve, and when a “ tolerable quantity is collected, it is fpread on a Iheet and dried fourteen days in the fun ; it is then thrown into a kind of wooden trough or mortar, ftraw or reeds laid betwen it, and beat gently with a woodenPeftle fo as to “ take oltvthe chaff and then winnowed. After this it is again put into the mortar, ’in rows, -with dried Marygold- “ powers, Apple, and Hazel leaves, and pounded until the Hulk is entirely feparated and the feed appears brfoht “ lt: 1S then winnowed again, and when it is by this laft procefs made .perfeaiy clean it is fit for ufe. The Mary- “ g° lds are added with a view to give the feeds a finer colour. The moll proper time for collefting them is in July. “ A Bufhel of the feed and chaff, yields about two quarts of clean feed. ■ “ When boiled with milk or wine they form an extremely palatable food, and are mod commonly made ufe of “ whole in the manner of Sago to which they are in general preferred. In the month of October laft, I difeovered in a watery ditch, which runs through a meadow not far from Kent- btreetkoad an uncommon appearance 111 fome of the feeds of this grafs, and on a farther examination, I found whole i amcles the feeds of which were affefted In a fimilar manner, inftead of being of their natural fize, and colour they were en arged to a very great degree, aflumed externally a blackifh colour, and were more or lefs incurvated’ “truck with the novelty as well as oddity of the appearancq I conjedured at firft that it was a difeafe occafioned by °me I examined it more attentively, but could not find the leaft caufe to fuppofe that an Infed had been concerned in it. The furface of fome of thefe feeds was rough, and chopped, they were light as to weight inter- nally ot a whitilh colour, infiped in their tafte but not difagreeable. Having a little before this been favoured with a light of lorn e horned Rie it now occurred to me that this was the fame dileafe which had been faid to affedt the Kie only, and farther enquiry confirmed my conjecture. As this lingular difeafe of the Rie has firft been noticed by the French, and as fome very uncommon - circum- ltances have attended it, it cannot fail of proving acceptable to our readers to lay before them the .fubftance of what they have faid concerning it In the H.Jioire de U Academe rdyale des Sciences there is an account given of a particular fpecies of Gangrene or Mortihcation which attacked many perfons in fome particular provinces of France «i 1 be g a >i generally at the toes and fometimes fpread as high as the thigh. Out of fifty people there was but “ A 4 W f . attaGked *’ lth tbls , d ^ ea f e m the hands and what was equally remarkable there were no females ‘ afteded with it except foqae little Girls, -* .. , th f f thiS l' 1 '!" 11 " attacked .° nl r th = lower fort of people, and that too in years of fcarcity « n r0 jp ded , f l° m T nou, : lft ’ m “ t - and principally from eating bread made of a certain black and difeafed com called Ergot, from the grains afhimmg fomewhat of the form of a Cocks Spur. vid. Jig. 12. * “ The manner in which this Angular monftrofity of the Com is produced is thus related by Monfieur Faoon. „ “ T a / c “rtsm mills which prove injurious to the corn, and from which the greatefl part of the Ears of the Rie defend themfelves by their beards, In thofe however which this hurtful humidity call llrike and penetrate ■' r °t s the ikin which covers the grain blackens it, and alters the fubftance of the grain itfelf the juices which „ f ° rm the *=d being .no longer kept within their ordinary bounds by the ikin, are carried hither in two great In abundance and amafiing themfelves irregularly form this monftrous appearance. ' g . a X He obferves that it is only in Rie that the Ergot is to be found, that the poor people do not feparate this grain V 15 ! ’ ' 1 hat, ' was onl y "> f “ da particular feafons as favoW the growth of the Sy/thal £ «“Ptevalent, that the country people after eating bread made of this bad corn perceived themfe yel * PkCC ’ “ f °“ F-inces were there was but gS “ From tke obfervations made by the Farmers of that country it appears that rhk ko,i f - . d ““ r d th = a r- dan “ » ^ ^ » - >«* ^ e vx; refufed it when given them, neverthelels if by accident thev had eaten it A\A J 1 , r ° ult fX « Whep (own (as might be expend) it did not vegetate. ” * ™ * 7 4 DOt ^ to hurt ^ ift afl^e^the Va^fldnd^of people^an^on^nqutry^i^wi^ 6 found^ th^t they'lba'd fhred^verv 1 ^ 0 ^ 1 a ls? ’ ^ From the infipid tafte of this corn, as well as from its not proving- fatal to Poultrv it .• , , that it is not m itfelf noxious, any otherwife than as it affords no nouriihment ■ and that^hof 7 ? r0, ; abl<: eaten of this corn, have in fad been abridged of a proportionate ouami^f fold 1 « P “ P - le who . havo ftate of the fluids and a weak gfe, pf thesis ,h^ fp^CSt^ /. ; ’ y( it. ■ '••• ■ • ; u - ' > • . •- ’ .... nn-i! S ~ ■ /•' ' .iii.-htj; -rtus Mlav. t " - .1 ' •• : .... . - ■ : / = . - 5 - ! ' ■ Bromus mollis, soft Brome Grass. BROMUS LinnaiGen. PL Triandria Digynia. Rail Syn. Gen. 27. Herb.® Graminifoli.® flore imperfecto Culmifer;e. BROMUS mollis panicula ere&rulcula, Ipiculis ovatis pubefcentibus, ariftis teftis, foliis molliflime villofisi Linnai Syjl. Veget ab. p. 102 . Sp. PL p. 112. BROMUS hirfutus, locuftis feptifloris, ovato conicis. Haller hifi. p. 1 504. BROMUS Polymorphus. Scopoli PL Carniol. p. 80. FESTUCA avenacea hirfuta, paniculis minus fparfis. Rail Synop. p. 413 Hudfon FL Angl. p. 39. n. 1. Secalinus. Schreber. Gram. pi. 6 . Jig. 1 t RADIX biennis * CULMUS pedalis ad tripedalem, ereftus ; tumidi, cylindracei. 1 ROOT * geniculi . STALK biennial * from one to three feet high, upright ; the joints fwelled and cylindrical. FOLIA cum vaginis pilis mollibus veftita. LEAVES together with their sheaths covered with foft hairs. PANICULA ere&iufcula, nunc coarctata nunc diffufa. SPICULAS ovato- acuta, turgidae, fubcomprefl®, ple- rumque villofae, o&oflor®, circa oras glumarum albidae. Jig. j. CALYX: ' Gluma bivalvis, valvulis inaequalibus, muti- cis. Jig. 2. COROLLA: Gluma bivalvis, valvula exteriore lata, concava, ftriata, ariftata, jig. 4. interiore plani- ufcula, ciliata , Ianceolata. fig. 3. Arista val- vulis paulo longior, fubre&a, fig. 4. NECTARIUM: Glumula bipartita, ad bafin petali in- terioris, fig. 5, parum au£l : STAMINA : Filamenta tria capillaria. Anthers : primum flavae, oblong®, dein fufcae et bifurca- : tiE - fig- 7 - 6. au£t : PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum, apice fubemarginatum : fig. 8 . Styli duo, ad baiin ufque plumofi ex uno latere germinis enati, fig. 9. $ SEMEN oblongum, concavum, calyci adnatum fig. to. I denudatum^, u. | PANICLE nearly upright, fometimes clofe, fometimes Ipreading. SPICULAE oval and pointed, turgid, flattifh, generally villous, containing eight flowers, whitffli about the edges of the Glumes, fig. 1. CALYX: a Glume of two valves, the valves unequal without any beard, or arifta, Jig. 2. COROLLA : a Glume of two valves, thel outermofl valve broad, hollow, ftriated, and bearded, fig. 4 ; the innermoft flattifh, ciliated or hairy at the edges and pointed, fig. 3 ; the Arista a little longer than the valves and nearly ftraight fig - 4- LaV- 1 -rtlS-IUIVl - - a iman Kind ot Ulume deeply divided, placed at the bafe of the inner petal, fig r a little magnified. * Jg 5 ‘ turee ^laments very fmall, Anthers firft yellow and oblong, laftly brown and forked at each end, fig. 7. 6. magnified. PISTILLUM: Germen oval, with a flight depreffion at top, fig. 8. two Styles feathery quite down to the bottom, proceeding from one fick of the Mermen, fig. 9. j j SEED oblong concave, adhering tothe Calyx fyi to. the Calyx taken off, fig. u. 6 moft of our bed meadfws ; it fprings upTariy^ncT r^ens^t^fed”^"!! ° f ?‘ S G / afs ’ never 'helefs it abounds in feed is large and each panicle LtlnsLSy L muchS of , ° f Hay-making. The tenfions to the the name of Corn than of Grafs. ommon Oat, indeed it feems to have more pre- it not (when cut down» °t ufmll^fs^S G .g * while S, reen , as of r ° me others . hence may it not be a proper Grafs to fow with others > IrVeem lltril ( llt: c to render the hay more nutritive ? and There is perhaps no clafs of plants more affected by difference ““foil andft' 0 theattenti on of the Farmer, plant has often been divided into feveral fpecies ; and t magnified. ¥ ¥ COROLLA : each flofcule monopetalous, tubular, the I limb quadrifid, the lowermofl fegment longefl, I 3 - I STAMINA : four Filaments, longer than the Corolla; Antheke purple, fig . 3. I PISTILLUM : Germen placed below the Calyx, qua- drangular ; the Style filiform, the length of Sp Corolla ; the Stigma fimple, fig. 6. ¥ I SEED-VESSEL wanting. 1 I SEEDS brown, nearly quadrangular. ¥ RECEPTACLE common to all the flowers paleaceous ; I the lower part of the paleae hollow, white, and t angular behind ; the upper part lanceolate, tapering to a point, and befet with little fpines ^ f t • * 'A- .r .v\ ;AAo-..;i .«oft - V. ’ : -.’A "A. • o t: . ><;,\-Avn,H .-*:•> u-.-.AA A r • ‘ • . • . A; l v' ' ■ . ,k!« ,r.m ; ^ ' : • ' • i • 'tv i •' ' ! ■ ' ' s • • .a - 4 A NAGALLIS ARVENSIS. Pi M P E R N E L. ANAGALLIS Linnai Gen. Plant. Pentandria Monogynia. Rail Gen. I 8. HERB® fructu sicco singulari, flore MONOPETAJ.O, ANAGALLIS foliis indivifis caule procumbente. Lin. Spec. Plant, an. ANAGALLIS phoeniceo flore. Bauhin . pin. 252. ANAGALLIS mas Fufchii 18. Gerard emac. 617. Parkinfon 558. Oeder. Flor. Ban. tab. 88. Raii Syn. 282. Hudfon. 72 - Haller, hijl. 621. 626. Scopoli. FI. Carniol. 139. RADIX fimplex, fibrofa, annua. ROOT flmple, fibrous, annual. CAULIS ramofus, proflratus, quadrangularis, Levis, fubtortuofus, Jig. 1. FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, cordata, glabra, fubtus punblis fufcis notata. STALK branched, procumbent, quadrangular, finooth, and a little twilled, fig. 1. LEAVES oppofite, feffile, heart-lhaped, underneath dotted with brown. finooth, PEDUNCULI oppofiti, foliis fere duplo longiores, inflexi. CALYX perfiftens, quinquepartitus, fegmentis trian- gularibus, alatis, membranaceis, fig. 2. COROLLA monopetala, quinquepartita, laciniis rotundis, coccineis, ad bafin purpureis, margine crenatis, fubpilofis, fg. 3. 4. STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, ereda, pilojijjima, (pili articulati'.) fuperne purpurea. Anther.® oblongae, biloculares, flavae, infidentes, fig. 5 - 6 . ’ 1 IoTILLUM. germen rotundum. Stylus filiformi:, : obliquus , longitudine filamentorum ; Stigma ■ fubrotundum, extra circulum Jlaminum locatum fg- 7- PEDUNCLES oppofite, nearly twice the length the leaves, bending downwards. of CALYX periling, divided into five Segments, the Seg- ments triangular and membranous at the edges, Jig. 2. loaner purplilh at bottom, t notched, and hairy, Jig. 3. 4. STAMINA, five Filaments upright and very hairy (the ham when magnified jomted!) at top purplilh : The An THEBAi oblong, bilocular, yellow, and fitting on the filaments, Jig. 3. 6. r lo i 1 LLUM. the GEME» round, the Style filiform the length ot the filaments, the Stigma roundilh placed without the circle of the Stamina, fig. j. ’ PERICARPIUM. Capsula rotunda, nitida, quenervia, filbdiaphana, circumfcifla fig. 8. SEMINA plurima, angulofa, fufca, fig. quin- I SEED-VESSELL. a Capsule, round, Ihining, brown fufca.| fl,ghtly tranfparent, having five nervef, dividing into two equal parts, Jig. 8. ® I SEEDS numerous, brown, and angular, fig. 9 . of e fuZT'tfnZi t'Tffi • of , thi t htt,e Phnt = common obferver, but when its minute parts come to be viewed by the f fufficrentl y obvious to every beauties altogether novel and unexpefted ; we then find that the edges WC ml charmed with eye appear a little uneven or hairy are furnilhed wirh . fi.Ju , 0 , flowers, which to the naked the hairs of the Filaments which partly tend to diftinguilh this°Genus g * ni ‘ YY ° n . footftalks > and that which generally arifes upright betwdxt the Stamina TTere MiSd \ : *0 PilHUum placed without the circle of the Stamina - The care which h , °™ flde ’ io that the Stigma is thefe delicate parts from the injury of the weather, ^ no^ leT mmYkabTe F “ *• of ther be fair and warm, the bloflbms fully expand, hut if rain falls or rl t E morning, if the wea- the flowers quickly clofe themfelves up to Lure the incSfed a’X tW , be “ UEh m0lflure in the air, fimflions deftroyed : from this property which it has in common wfth m Stl S™ a ! fr °m having their acquired the name of the Shepherd' s, or Poor Man’s matdZTa. fs-LyZJ °l X dafs - iC baa be open m a monimg it will prove a fine day, if flrnt, the LLrarv 7 1 remarked that if the flowers The fmall birds (Passeres Linnam) are fond of the feeds „ 7 ' this Pi penments made by forne of LlNNAms’s pupils, it appears th« kine and o-o t La - aCCOrdk g t0 «- It is very common m corn fields and gardens, flowering “Tl XX 8 fed 0n . A variety with four leaves at a joint fometimes occurs TLich A-m ■ is a mere variety, ,t fcarcely deferves a diffinfl figure. It is alfo found Sfh w differs in no other part, and flowers, but we have not obWdehher of thefe varLies near Won. “ d -with white _ _ ' : - ■ O .nr. ■■ MC, . , . •" ut/jI . •« ■- V/ a H • U r . *° '• ' ■' , or::. ; . ; ^ -8iiO ■ . : eu . ;7 ... . r M j . JJKJVJO I'AO'i ■ . . ■' > V.:;-- A .•••■ ........ :\ ..j:;. ,. ■ //. in/,.-: . . . . . , v/ -JJ l v.: „Y ?;.:!> . • - . .. .. . , • :i }y*t . * '• : .'•/ u" i' .f , : , .. - -• • ■ • • : - - : • * ' • - . • . ' ■ ■ ' Convolvulus OR Sepium. Large white Convolvulus great Bindweed. CONVOLVULUS Lmruei. Gen. PI. Pentandkia Monogynia. Rail Syn. Gen . 18. H e R b .E fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. CONVOLVULUS (fepium ) foliis fagittatis, pollice truncatis, pedunculis tetragonis, unifloris. Lmn. Syft. Vegelab. p. 168. FI. Succic. p. 64. CONVOLVULUS foliis fagittatis, hamis emarginatis, angulofis, petiolis unifloris, ftipulis cordatis maximis. Haller, hjjl. V. i. p. 295. CONVOLVULUS Major albus. Bauhin. pin. 294. SMILAX laevis- major. Gerard emac. 861. Parkinfon. 163. Rail Syn. p. 275. Great Bindweed. Hudfon, FI. Angi. p. 74. Scopoli. FI. Carniol. 141. FI. Dan. icon. 458. RADIX perennis, craffitie penna; anferinae, alba, fub terra reptans et late fe propagans, vix eradi- canda, Hortorum peftis. CAULES numerofi, volubiles, tortuofi, ftriati, orgyales, fubramofi. RAMI pauci, alterni, cauli fimiles. FOLIA alterna, fagittata, pollice truncata, glabra, pe- tiolata. PEDUNCULI uniflori, alterni, tetragoni. CALYX Involucrum biphyllum, foliolis oblongo-cor- datis, fubcarinatis, venofis, purpurascentibus. jig. 1. CALYX Perianthium pentaphyllum, tubulofum, fo- liolis ovato-lanceolatis, pallide virentibus, jig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis, ladtea, limbo lato, obfcure divifo, paululum reflexo. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, fundo corollse in- ferta, hirfutula, alba, fabulata ; Anther® fagittata:, alb<£, infldentes. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen fubovatum; Stylus fubulatus apice tortuofus ; Stigma bifidum, jig. 4. 5. NECTARIUM : Glandula crocea annuliformis ad bafin Germinis. PERICARPIUM : Capsula fubrotunda, fuliginofa, mucronata jig. 6. 7. SEMINA angulofa, fufea, Cotyledonibus mire convolu- tis. jig- 8. 9. ROOT perennial, about the thicknefs of a goofe quill, ; . of a white colour, creeping under the ground v and propagating itfelf exceedingly, rooted out ;; with the greateft difficulty, and hence very : • troublefome in Gardens. STALKS numerous, twining, twilled, ftriated, gener- ; . ally about fix feet high and fomewhat branched. •: BRANCHES few, alternate, like the Stalk. ;; LEAVES alternate, arrow-ffiaped, apparently cut off behind, fmooth, and placed on foot-ftalks. ■ ; FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, alternate, fupporting ; , one flower only, and four fquare. :: CALYX an Involucrum compofed of two heart-lhaped leaves, {lightly keel-lhaped, veiny, and pur- •• plilh. jig. 2. ]' CALYX a Perianthium, compofed of five leaves and , tubular, the leaves of an oval pointed ffiape and :: pale green colour, jig. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, funnel lhaped, of a white co- il lour, the limb broad, obfeurely divided, and turned back a little. STAMINA: five Filaments inferted into the bottom : of the corolla, {lightly hairy, white and taper- ing, the Anther.® arrow lhaped, white, and • | fitting on the filaments, fig: 3. PISTILLUM. Germen fomewhat oval, Style taper- ; ; ing, twilled at top ; the Stigma bifid, fig. 4 .5. ■ : NECTARY a yellow gland furrounding the bale of the ; ; Germen. :• SEED-VESSEL a roundilh Capsule of a footy colour and pointed, fig, 9. 7. SEEDS angular and brown, the Cotyledons folded up ■ : in a very lingular manner, fig. 8. 9. X The plant which produces the Scammony is a fpecies of Convolvulus, very fimilar to that which we have now deferibed, hence Dr. Cullen and fome other Phyficians have conjedtured that our Convolvulus might poflefs fimilar properties, but if it Ihould be found to contain fuch properties, the fmallnefs of it roots would prevent its juice from being colle&ed in the lame manner with that which flows on incifion from the large root of the Scammony plant, and which hardens and forms that purgative fubftance. Whether an extradl made from the exprelled juice of the roots, or any other preparation of them might poffefs a purgative property, or if it Ihould, whether fuch a purgative would be fo far fuperior to any now in general ufe as to introduce it defervedly into practice, is what we cannot pretend to decide on. Hogs are faid to eat and even to be fond of the roots. It grows exceedingly common in our hedges, and flowers in Auguft and September. Where it has once gained ground it is with the greateft difficulty eradicated : was it not for this property and its being fo com- mon, it would doubtlefs be confidered, as it really is, a very ornamental plant. My ingenious Friend Mr. Church, Surgeon, at Iflington, (who has taken much pains to colledl and ac- quire a knowledge of our Englilh Infects) informs me that the Caterpillar of the Ph alter a Vibicaria or Bloody vein Moth, (vid. Clerc. Phalan. pi. 3. fig. i.) feeds on this plant, and the Sphinx Convolvuli or Unicorn H.nsjk Moth , (vid. Roefel. Cl. 1. pap. no ft. t. 7.) is well known to take its name from feeding on this plant alfo. — - So LANUM DULCAMARA. Wo ODY NIGHTSHADE. SOLANUM Linnai Gen. PL. Pentandria Monogynia. Rail Gen. 1 6 . Herbie Baccifer.®. SOLANUM Dulcamara caule inermi frutefcente flexuofo, foliis fuperioribus haflatis, racemis cymofis. Lin. Sp. PL 264. SOI^ANUM Scandens feu Dulcamara Bauhin. Pin. 176. Amara Dulcis. Gerard, emac. 350. Solanum lignofum Parkinfon. 350. Rail Synopfis 265. Hudfon. Flop. Angl. p. 78. Scopoli Pier. Carniol. p. 1 61. Haller, hi/l. Plant. Helv. p. 248. RADIX perennis. CAULIS fruticofus, fcandens, fiftulofus, ramofus, tu- berculis parvis fubafper, leniter angulofus, or- gyalis et ultra. ; ROOT perennial. '■ STALK woody, climbing, hollow, branched, thinly befet with fmall pointed tubercles, (lightly angular, and growing to the height of fix feet. RAMI alterni, juniores purpurei. FOLIA petiolata, mollia, venofa, in caulem fubdecur- rentia, inferiora ovato-lanceolata, integerrima ; fuperiora trilobo-haftata. FLORE Sin Cymas racemofas difpofiti; pedunculi flora- les ad bafin bulbofi, aut ex acetabulo quafi pro- deuntes. CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, parvum, quin- quefidum, purpureum, fegmentis obtuliuscu- lis, perfidens ; fig. 1 . COROLLA monopetala, rotata ; tubus breviflimus ; limbus quinquepartitus, laciniis lanceolatis, purpureis, reflexis ; faux nigra, nitida, ad bafin fingulte lacinias macula; dua, virides, fig- 3 — z - STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, breviflima, tubo corollae inferta, nigro-purpurea. Anther.® quinque, flava, erefta, in tubum lubconi- cum coalita, apicibus biforaminofis, fig. 4 — 5. PISTILLUM. Germen pyriforme ; Stylus fubulatus, flaminibus paulo longior ; Stigma (implex, obtufum, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM. Bacca ovata, coccinea, glabra, bilo- cularis, receptaculo utrinque convexo, cui fe- mina adne&untur, fig. 8. SEMINA plures, lutefeentia, comprefla, fubrenifor- mia, pulpo odoris ingrati obtefta, fig. 9. p BRANCHES alternate, the younger ones purple, -f LEAVES (landing on foot-ftalks, of an oval pointed I lhape, foft, veiny, running (lightly down ^ the ftalk, the lower ones entire, the upper ones halbert (haped. \ FLOWERS growing in branched Cym®, the proper peduncles of the flowers bulbous at their bafe, ■f or growing out of a kind of focket. 5 [ CALYX a Perianthium of one leaf, fmall, and pur- \ pie, divided into five fegments, the fegments - bluntilh, perfifting ; fig. 1 . ■ COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped, the tube very (hort, the limb divided into five fegments, * the segments lancet-lhaped, purple, and turn- ing back ; the mouth black and lhining, at the bottom of each fegment are two roundifh green ■ fpots, fig- 3- 2 - : STAMINA, five Filaments very (hort, of a black purple colour, and inferted into the tube of the Co- \ rolla. Five Anther® yellow, upright, and uni- ting into a tube, with two holes at the top of each, out of which the pollen is dilcharged, \ fig- 4- 5 - \ PISTILLUM, the germen pear-lhaped ; the style ta- pering, a little longer than the Stamina ; the ; stigma fimple and obtufe ; fig. 6. • PERICARPIUM. an oval, fcarlet, fmooth berry of two \ cavities, the receptacle to which the feeds are connected, is round, on both fides ; fig. 8. ? SEEDS feveral, flat, fomewhat kidney-fliaped ; fig. 9. } of a yellow i(h colour, inclofed in the pulp, f which has a difagreeable fmell. THE Wflody Nightfhade has been commended as a medicine for many diflempers by the old Botanifls, in their ufually lavilh manner ; but Parkinson fays, he found the juice of it prove a very churlifh purge. Linnaeus prefers an infufion of the ftalk of this plant to any of the foreign woods, as a cleanfer of the blood, and recommends it in inflammatory fevers, obftrudlions, the itch, and rheumatifm ; and to render the knowledge of plants as extenfively ufeful as poffible, he does not think it beneath him to remark, that the Swedifb Peafants make hoops of the ftalk of this plant to bind their wooden cans. Ray informs us, that the in- habitants of, Wefiphalia , who are fubjed to the feurvy, make ufe of a deco&ion of the whole plant as their common drink with fuccefs againft that diftemper. Floyer fays, that thirty berries of this plant killed a dog in lefs than three hours, and remained undi- gefted in his ftomach ; as thefe berries from their refemblance, may happen by miftake to be eaten for currants by children, it may not be improper to remark, that in fuch a cafe, it is advifeable to pour down inftantly as much warm water as poflible, to dilute the poifonous juice, and provoke vomiting, till farther affiftance can be had. , ...... ... Goats and (heep are faid to feed on this plant, but our other cattle, viz. bine, horles, and (wine, re- grows plentifully in moift hedges, and blows from July to Augufi . The berries are ripe in September and October. It is fometimes found with a white flower. E ' 0 / 3 A j t jc - u : ' - .io3 • . -.,u .b: i • ...v.'- a !•* ' " :\. IOS .. ■■ - • . ■ !’-■ ■ '■ ; ■ ’-a: '•! u-faptiJl rmr.U , fF.fivhb ' • -■ ■■•••' . : • • r u. l •> ' n; ■•••■ ,y. 'an ! -C—t- r < • t-"* ■ ■ iqz yxiUsta Msii ’ J ■ ■ ■ \fv . ; ..... . ,1 i ,;/ ; ^ f }'i 1 ; | t r.ikj«jc :~v;. -J ; oiuxq gudiaintefi •d -"A ,tnvln!ih ' . V" *> . ' : ‘ tJ ’?*■'* *»cp0raw ;• • • v» ,-r ,‘rjT > i-V-: - .. Ci»:‘r;t ' «*'* - r o j 1 ', . •• .bo orji.: . , .jrr: ■ •'b' : U- . :> • «ii ..i,t,far/ . ....// ... ,• « ,.L-i .; .Y . • . • v ,•••-. .. ••• e . . -:j - . , v ‘y • " \ :r - •««*«* !!•: . • ! . * : ••• tfidi . ..i ■< • : "v • ?: ?*$'■■“ 'i' ra, -' n ■ -• ■ . . . : - 1 •' r . I .. U. . r J a D ’T A 3 •"> T ' ,7\ Vi 1 H a O O ^ f'i w f-T S Mv r. . 1 .«(?. .»• \ f.ifynr. .• ‘‘:irao ? ' ~l v .£:d lvi-1 ■ • ■ f v . ■ ‘ ■ .11 r y\.: ..i .i. - . •• ' -• •• : .£-.1 .V .rO A1 ;-io L I j(JAT 2 ti U> iJ :• ■’ r : : , 1 1 i ! • . ’ • ■ 17/0 J 'I .V , i) : - /. /.IA J ydt ,J. -j::. - * ••tioq l: ft.. ; : r : ra ja::.xi ! josoa 3*JtJio:> ; : I ■ ' .i . .r.llcto:r. ,-ivtn-»i«q .Mi i J .injinilfiK 1 ' ■ . nJb >fr- ».?.• i.’l'p .raw . . - 1 . : . Sttfld . j-:;.: filloitO ' ■■■ t.-ftrfj oi . • -\y< •''•!" . i ! •;no. •' _ J 7 :i ’ :! ' •!:• • • •• 4 ? ' ; »JT*> .d * . :!i /11. ' ' Lonicera Pericltmenum. Honey Suckle or W OODBINE. LONICERA liimtei Gen. PI. Pentandria Monogynia. Rail Synopjis. Arbores et frutices fructu flori pftaloidi contiguo. LONICERA capitulis ovatis imbricatis terminalibus, foliis omnibus diffindis. Lin. Sp. Pl. 247. PERICLYMENUS Fufchii Icon 646. PERICLYMENUM non perfoliatum Germanicum. Bauhin pin. 302. CAPRIFOLIUM Germanicum Dodon. Gerard, emac. 891. Parkinfon. 1460. Rail Syr, of. 458. HudfmFl. So. Haller, hift. 301. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 133. CAULIS lignofus, volubilis, orgyalis et ultra ; cortice : pallide fufco ; Rami oppofiti, purpurei. ; FOLIA oppofita, ovata, glabra, fubtus caerulescentia. 1 h LORES terminales, verticillatim difpofiti, patentes, ' rubri, interne flavi, odoratiflimi. ; ^-'-‘^YX Perianthium fuperum, breviflimum, quin- ; quepartitum ; fegmentis ovato-lanceolatis, erec- 1 tis, duobus inferioribus remotioribus. Jig. 1. BRACTEAE fubcordat*, Jig. 8, germina imbricatim cingentes, ad marginem praecipue fcabrae, ut ; ; funt calyx, et tubi bafis pilis glanduliferis. j | COROLLA monopetala, tubulofa, tubus oblongus, ;; fubiufundibuliformis, limbus bipartitus, la- :: ciniis revolutis, fuperiore quadrifida, fegmentis ;; fere aqualibus, obtufis, inferiore integra. Jig. 2. • • STAMINA : Filamenta quinque filiformia, corolla I longiora, alba, tubo coroll* inferta -,fg. 3. An- | ther/e dum pollinem involvunt oblong*, in- ¥ cumbentes, poflea lunat*, jig. 4. ’ | PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, inferum, fig. 3 . ” Stylus filiformis, Staminibus paulo longior, ■ • fg. 6. Stigma capitatum, fubrotundum, trifi- ’ dum, viride, fg. j. PERICARPIA : Bacca: plures, fubrotund*, rubr*, um- : bilicat*, biloculares, omnes diftind*. fg. p. ;; SEMINA Plura, lutefcentia, hinc convexa inde plana ' fg- '°- l STALK woody, twining, growing to the height of fix feet or more, the Bark a pale brown, the Branches oppofite and purple. LEAVES oppofite, oval, fmooth, underneath of a blueifh colour. FLOWERS terminal, growing in a whirl, and fpreading ; externally red, internally yellow, and fragrant. CALYX a Perianthium placed above the Germen, very fhort, divided into five fegments, which are of an oval pointed ihape, and upright, the two inferior ones moft remote from each other, ffc.i. FLORAL LEAVES laying one over the other, and clofely embracing the Germina, reddifh at the edges and cover’d as well as the Calyx and bafe of the tube with glandular hairs, fg. 8. COROLLA monopetalous, and tubular, the tube long, and fomewhat funnel fhaped, the limb bipartite’ the lacinia: rolling back, the upper one divided into four blunt and nearly equal fegments, the lower one entire, fg. 2. STAMINA : five white Filaments, of an equal thick- nefs throughout, longer than the Corolla and mferted into its tube, fig.g. the Anthers while they contain the Pollen oblong, afterwards femilunar and of a yellow colour, fig. 4. PISTILLUM : the Germen roundifh and placed below the Calyx, fg. 5. the Style filiform, a little longer than the Stamina, fig. 6. the Stigma roundilh, trifid, and of a green colour, fig-. 7 SEED VESSELS feveral roundilh red Berries, ha- ving the remains of the Calyx adhering to them, and all diftin&.ySjr. 9. SEEDS feveral, of a yellowifh brown colour, round on one fide and flattifh on the other, fg. 10. IT haV VT “ «W. as a long given it a place in our Gardens. It is a Climber and Lns^hrm P J ^ ot lts flowers have Climbers, and in common with them it bears clipping and DrunhiTw if ‘ f o'* ° f °“ r ° the1 ' En S lilh cannot afcend without twining round others are often fiahi. i „/• g | 1 i &1 1!" “ r' e °f nature 'hofe plants that onal vigour of growtll to rellore accidental damages This plant is fuhi have therefore a proporti- figured and injured by fmall infeds called AphSfs or vulgarlv fhfhS ' ' th 7 h f .P la f d , ^ Buildings to be dif- to be brought by the Ealt Wind, and confequentlv the mCrhLf “ g , f Allimalcula: were formerly fuppofed oflateyeaScorefted that Error, ’“V 5 1M ™ abfc ’ but obfeivati™ has Thele Infects are not very numerous in Spring but as the’ Snmm , ? 1 remed y aganft them is as yet difeover’d. to preferve the plant therefore from injur/itf neceflarv „ L.T H • ^ encr “ fe in a f»rprifmg degree ; they firft appear on, for when theyTvYonce Smt^onnTAeJ c “ t . offand de ^oy the branches finall plants cleared of them by fprinkling fpanift fnufftn the infrfl- *4 . defen , ded b 7 th 5 lr numbers. We have feen lcarcely practicable. The leaves are Sife SablTto be ^ f ? Ch p’ but .,* r lar P tr =es this remedy is which produces a beautifull little Moth, fee Albins hiftory of englilh Inf a™! 1 rater P d ! ar / Ehali ? na Tortnx Limxi) Sheep, but Horfes refufe it. ^ Inleds pl. 73. It 1S fed on by Kine, Goats, and ( Al^erulTodmuta jfiav^been Imth 1 * called 1 Matrifylva ’by tL’olTboT o' p' S pknt and Woodroffe confounded the names of this plant, Shakesveak %s writers ‘ 0ur ?<==« al& have ftrangely So doth the Woodbine the fweet Honeysuckle . Lrently entwifi -ON eems to cal, this plam^ ; & h^at U an ^ndmrbted name for the W W ttr r , • , . f „ . TTr ° r the TWISTED EGLANTINE. We find it plentifully m Woods and Hedges flowering- from 1 r , . the WeS” l0nS t0nS "“ Wh!cl1 aie ada P- d “ & * Vid Reaumur and Geoffrov. Hedera Helix. Ivy. HEDERA Limuli Gen. PI- Pehtandkia Monooynia. Petala quinque oblonga. Bucca quinquefperma calyce cindta. Raii Syn. Arbores et Frutices fructu flori petaloidi contiguo. HEDERA Helix 'foliis ovatis lobatifque. Limi. SJi. Vegetab. f. 202. Sp. PI. 292. FI. Suecic. p. 75. HEDERA foliis Herilibus trilobatis, fruaiferis ovato-lanceolatis. Haller bift. helv. n. 826. HEDERA Helix. Scopuli FI. Carniol. n. 271. Hudfin FI. Angi p. 85. HEDERA arborea. Bauhin. Pin. 305. HEDERA poetica. Bauhin. Pin. 305. HEDERA major fterilis. Bauhin. Pin. 303. HEDERA humi repens. Bauhin. Pin. 305. HEDERA arborea five fcandens’ et corymbofa communis. Parhinfon 678. HEDERA Helix Ger.Em. 858. Raii Syn. 459. Climbing or Berried Ivy: alfo Barren or Creeping Ivy. TRUNCUS in arboribus hujus fpeciei fenefcentibus cor- f tice rimofo cinereo veftitur, in novellis ramis • viridis aut purpureus cernitur, fibrillas e la- : : tere interiori exerit, quorum ope proximis arboribus aut parietibus innixus alta petit. : FOLIA quam maxime varia, dum planta repit plerum- que trilobata, quinquelobata etiam occurunt; adminiculis derelidtis, ovata fiunt ; glabra, ni- tentia, nunc rubedine ornata, nunc venis albis pi&a, prefertim in ramulis junioribus. FLORES lutefcentes, in fummitatibus caulium umbel- latim difpofiti, Umbellae denfae, globofae. COROLLA : quinque, ovata, flavefcentia, patentia. STAMINA : Filamenta quinque longitudine Corollas ; AntiierjE bafi bifidae, incumbentes, 1. PISTILLUM: Germen turbinatum; Stylus fimplex, breviffimus ; Stigma fimplex, fig. 2. PERICARPIUM : Bacca globofa, nigra, intus purpu- rea, quadrilocularis aut quinquelocularis, coro- nata receptaculo et ftylo conico brevi, loculis monofpermis, fig. 3, 4. SEMINA quinque, hinc gibba, inde angulata, jig. 6. TRUNK; the trunk in trees of this fpecies, which are old, is covered with an alh-coloured chop- ped bark, in the young branches it is of a green or purple colour ; from the infide of the trunk a great number offmall fibres are thrown out, by the affiftanee of which, it fupports itfelf on the neareft walls and trees, and climbs aloft. LEAVES as various as pofiible, while the plant creep9 they are in general trilobate, fometimes quin- quelobate, leaving its lupporters, they become oval ; fmooth, finning, fometimes ti&ured with red, fometimes painted with white veins, par- ticularly in the young branches. FLOWERS yellowifii, growing on the top of the ftalks in thick round Umbels, COROLLA : Petals five, oval, yellowifh and fpread- ing, STAMINA: five Filaments the length of the Co- rolla ; Anther.e bifid at bottom, and incum- bent, fig. 1 . PISTILLUM: Germen roundilh; Style fimple and very fliort ; Stigma fimple, fig. 2. SEED-VESSEL : a round Berry, externally black, internally purple, with four or five cavities each containing one feed, crowned with the recepta- cle and Ihort conic Style, fig. 3, 4. SEEDS five, on one fide gibbous, on the other angu- The Hedera Helix begins to blow in funny afpe&s towards the end of September, and according to fituation blof- foms on through October, and November. This plant is one of the laft blowers and is much reiorted to by bees, and flies of various fpecies, which fwarm on its branches, and feed on its bloffoms, making fuch a humming on funny days as may be diftinguilhed at a confiderable diftance. , „ . The berries encreafe in bulk gradually all through the winter months, and are full formed by February; in April they ripen and turn very black, and are eaten by feveral fpecies of thrufties, and wild pigeons. Thus does fructification manifeftly obtain in this inftance all through the winter months, as well as in the mofles and lichens. Sheep are very fond of Ivy, which in hard weather is a warm and wholfome food ; and therefore fhepherds in fnowy feafons cut down branches for their flocks tobrouze on. Cato diredts that in a fcarcity of hay, cattle Ihould ^Profeflbr K alm, ^in his travels through the greateft: part of N. America, faw but one plant of Ivy, and that was running up the walls of a man’s houfe : this fpecimeh was probably carried thither by feme European who perhaps was defirous of propagating in that new world a plant that might ftill recall to his mind the pleafing Idea ot his native cottage, tufted with the foliage of this beautiful Evergreen. . , , The antients held this plant in great efteem ; their Heroes and Poets are defcribed as wearing garlands compofed of it The fuppofition of its preventing intoxication is of very early date : Homer therefore mentions his Bacchus as Ivy-crowned and often defcribes his Heroes drinking out of a Cup made of the wood of Ivy. Cato tells us that with a cup of this kind we may diflinguifli winethathas been adulterated with water, for the wine will be difcharged and the water remain : to fuch an extravagant afiertion has this grave author been probably led by relying on the fuppofed antipathy between the wine and ivy : This cup is ftill ufed in fome parts of the kingdom as a remedy for a trembling hand ; but rational practice has not admitted any part of the Hedera into the Materia Medica, Ivy-leaves however are faid to be fuccesfully applied to painful Corns. When it trails on the ground it branches are finall and weak ; and its leaves are divided into three lobes ; but when it climbs walls or trees it grows much ftronger and the leaf changes to an oval form :' thele different appearances induced old Botamfts to fop pole there were two or three different fpecies. In its variegated ftate it fometimes appears almofi: white, and may peihaps be the Hedera alba, and pallentes Hedera of Virgil. , . , . c • c , e Few people are acquainted with the beauty of Ivy when fuffered to run up a ftake and at length to form itfelf into a Itandard, the Angular complication ofits branches and the -vivid hue of its leaves give it one of hiM places among!! evergreens in a Ihrubbery ; In woods when buffered to grow large, and rampant, this plant by twilling round their bodies does great damage to timber trees ; and therefore filould be carefully deftroyed . but in ornamented Out-lets, where evergreens do not abound, a few trees covered_ with Ivy have a very pleafing effedt and moreover induce birds of long to haunt thofe thickets for the fake of the berries and Ihelter. "in ’the Stump of Ivy many birds build their Nells particularly the Black-bird. . When Ivy is prejudicial, it may eafily be deflroyed, tho’ it has fpread to a great height, by cutting through its Trunk, and this Ihows that the fibres which the Stalk throws out in fo Angular a manner ferve more to lup- P °The foft wood of Ivy is made ufe of by ■ Shoemakers , to give a fmooth edge to their cutting knives. , t c ONIUM MACULATUM. HeMLOCK CONIUM Linruei Gen. PI. Pentandria Digynia. Rail. Syn. Gen. n. UmbelliFera Herba. CONIUM maculatum feminibus flriatis. Linn. Syfi. Veget ab. p. 229. CICUTA Haller, bijl. helv. n. 766. v. 1. p. 33 y. CONIUM maculatum. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 207; CICUTA major Bauhin. Pin. 160. CICUTA Gerard emac. 1061. CICUTA vulgaris major Parkinfon 933. Rail Syn. p. 215. Hudjon FI. ■ p. 100. Slorck. Cicut. Suppi, p. 7, RADLJf biennis, Craflitudine digiti, longa ufque ad pe- dalem, in crura faepe divifa, juniori Paflinaca; haud diffimilis, odoris gravis, et faporis fubdul cis : fecundo anno in caulefcente planta fucco fere caret, firma folidiorque evadit. CAULIS orgyalis, feres, nitidus* larvis, fiflulofus, ad bafin craffitie pollicis, rore glauco tectus, et 'maCulis' fanguineis- pictus, verius fummitatem ramofus, et.flriatus. FOLIA inferiora magna, etiam bipedalia, atro-virentia, nitentia, multip licato-pinnata, pinnulisoblongis incifo-ferratis ; Spatha fulcata. INFLORESCENTIA. Umbella univerfalis Radiis pluri- mis patentibus flriatis ; partialis conlimilisi CALYX : Involucrum univerfale e foliolis 5—7 conflat, lanceolato acuminatis, reflexis, margine albidis, fig. 1 ; partiale 3 aut 4 dimidiatis, extrorfum patentibus, figi 2. COROLLA : Petala quinque, alba, inasqualia, in- flexo -cordata, fig. .3. STAMINA : Filamenta quinque, alba, longitudine Corolla; ; Anthera alb x,fig. 3, PISTILLUM: St yli duo, albi, filiformes^ non admo- dum breves ; Stigmata fubrotunda ; Ger- men inferum, flriatum, fig. ,3, 4. FRUCTUS fubfotundus, e binis i feminibus fufcefcenti- bus componitur, hinc planiufculis, illinc gibbis, cum Jlriis quinque elevatis crenulatis , fig. 4, 5. ROOT biennial, the thicknefs of ones finger, from fix inches to a foot in length, frequently forked, and not unlike that of a young Parfnep, of a difagreeable fmell and fweetifh tafle : in the fe- cond year of its growth when the plant has a flowering flem, it becomes drier, more firm and folid. STALK about fix inches high, round, fhining, finooth and hollow, at bottom the thicknefs of ones ^ thumb, covered with a blueifh kind of powder I which eafily wipes off, and fpotted with red, to-' I . wards the top branched and flriated, t REAVES. The bottom leaves large, even two feet long, i of a dark green colour ana fhining, many times I pinnated, the pinnula; oblong and lharply cut in ; & the Spatha grooved. I INFLORESCENCE. The Universal Umbell is compofed f of many flriated and fpreading Radii ; the Par - f tial Umbell fimilar to it. CALYX : the Univcrfial Involucrum confifls of 5 or * leaves, which are lanceolate, turned back, andVhitifh at the edges, fig. 1 : the P artial Involucrum is compofed of 3 or 4 leaves, which fufround one half of the flalk only, and fpread outward, fig. 2. COROLLA : Petals five, white, unequal, heart-fhaped, and. bent in at top, figt 3 STAMINA: Filaments five, white, the length of the' Corolla ; Antherje white, fig. q. PISTILLUM: Germen beneath the Corolla, flriated, f&‘ 3* 4 » Styles two, filiform and not very fhort ; Stigmata, round* fig. 3. FRUIT is roundifh, and compofed of two brownifh feeds, flattifh on one fide and round on the other, with five notched and' elevated ridges, fig. 4, 5, THE powerful! deleterious properties of this herb have been iong known, and acknowledged bv all botanic writers * whence it has been commonly ranged in the clals of Vegetable' Poifons. And as fuch aftive principles unde? fkilful management, _ are likely to aflord the mofl efficacious remedies, this plant has been a lfo admitted as an article ot the Materia Medica. Until lately however, the ufe of it was- chiefly confined to external applications where its narcotic^ qualities may undoubtedly affifl in aflwaging pain, forwarding fuppu ration, &c< But in the year 1760, Dr. Storck, a famous Practitioner at Vienna, publifhed a treatile on Hemlock, recommending; an extract made of the infpiflated juice of the herb to be taketi internally, from four grains to fixty, or upwards, every day as a cure for the Schrophula, Cancer , and others of the mofl terrible and inveterate diforders incident to the human body. . Our Phyficians though laudably cautious of admitting or milling to novelties, received Dr. Storck’' s publica- tion with uncommon ardour, and perhaps no new medicine w r as ever more immediately or generally tried than this Extra Hum CicuLe. The fuccefs however not anfwering their expectation, led fome to think they had mifla- ken the plant. 1 he Author was applied to, and this produced a fupplement (printed 1764) wherein the fpecies is figured, and clearly fhewn to be the Conium maculatum of Linnaus. It were to be wilhed this had cleared up all difficulties. In his firfl treatife the DoClor tells us that the frefh root fliced, yielded a bitter acrid milk, of which a Angle drop or two being applied to the tip of his tongue, prefently rendered it painful, rigid, and lo much levelled that he could not fpeak. Yet it is certain that the roots of our Hemlock may be chewed and fwallowed in confiderable quantities without producing any fehfible effeCl. Mr. Alciiorne (who I believe was the firfl that laudably exerted himfelf in invefligating this matter,) allures me that he has tried this in every feafon of the Year, and in moft parts of our Bland, without finding any material difference : and that he he has alfo been well informed both from Berlin and Vienna, that the Hemlock Roots in thofe countries, are no more virulent than ours about London. Mr. Timothy Lane informs me, that he alfo with great caution made fome experiments of the like kind, and in a lhort time found he could venture to eat a confiderable part of a root without any inconvenience ; after that, he had fome large roots boiled, and found them as agreeable eating at dinner with meat, as Carrots, which they in tafte fomewhat refembled : and as far as his experience, joined with that of others informed him, the Roots might be cultivated in Gardens, and either eaten raw like Celery, or boiled as Parfneps or Carrots. That in Spring and Winter they are not woody as in Summer: that he has eaten them from different places and in all feafpns ; and that he perceived fome roots were more pungent than others, but not in any degree worthy notice. The experiments of thefe ingenious Gentlemen fufficiently evince the innocence of the rooots of this plant, contrary to what has been aflerted by Dr. Storck, and hence we may infer that whatever accounts have been related by Authors of their poifonous qualities, the Roots of fome other Plant muft have been made ufe of. In the poifonous quality of the Herb however all Authors feem agreed, but with refpeft to its efficacy as a medicine they very much differ. If we may believe Dr. Storck, there is lcarce a difeafe incident to the human body which it either does not cure, or relieve ; but it is remarkable that a copious experience of fifteen years, as well in the great Hofpitals of this Metropolis as in the private pra&ice of the whole King- dom, fhould not have afforded one inftance of a perfe£t cure by the Extradt, at leaf! none fuch has appeared among the valuable collections of cafes publifhed by our College of Phyficians and other Medical Societies. Both Dr. Fothergill of London, and the late Dr. Rutty of Ireland, men of the greateft eminence in their profeffion, have declared that the fuccefs attending it has not been equal to what they had real'on to expedt from Dr. Stqrck’s account of it 5 (vid. medical observations and enquiries, vol. 3.) yet tho’ it had failed them in the cure of many of thofe difeafes which unfortunately were the opprobia medicorum , it had proved beneficial in various obffinate com- plaints ; Scrophulous tumours were to appearance diflolved by it ; the progrefs both of occult and ulcerated Cancers was retarded, the pain alleviated, and the difcharge changed for the better in every refpedt ; divers pu- trid and fordid Ulcers were by the ufe of Hemlock remarkably mended in their difcharge, and difpofed to heal, in fome of which the Sublimate had been given in vain ; hence the Extradt is hill frequently uled, and will probably continue to be preferibed, becaufe its effedts as an Anodyne will often afford at leaf: a temporary re- lief, and becaufe in defperate difeales a doubtful remedy feems better than none at all. The taking of the Extradt is generally attended with a giddinefs and often with a pain of the head, naufea, and other difagreeable fymptoms ; in fome however its effedts are apparently anodyne, as it eafes pain and pro- motes reft even where Opium has failed, Phyficians feem fomewhat divided about the beft mode of exhibiting this medicine, fome recommending the extradt as being moft eafily taken in the form of pills, others the powder, as not being fubjedt to that varia- tion which the extradt is liable to from being made in different ways. With refpedt to the period likewife at which the plant fhould be gathered, they feem not perfectly agreed, fome recommending it when in its full vigour, and juft coming into bloom, others when the flowers are going off and the whole plant has acquired a yellowifh hue, That the Extradt might be at all times equally adtive, and uniformly prepared, Dr. Cullen has for many years recommended the making it from theunripe feeds, and this mode the College of Phyficians at Edin- burgh has thought proper to adopt in their new Pharmacopceia. Hemlock grows very frequently on banks by the fides of Roads, by hedge fides, and in Fields and Gardens, flower- ing in the month of July. We have a common Englifh Proverb that what is one Mans Meat is another m(ins Poifon, and agreeable to this are the lines of Lucretius which relate to this plant ; “ Pingueji cere fecpc Cicutd “Barbigeros pecudes homini qua; ejl acre venenum." That it affords nourifhment to Birds likewife there is fufficient evidence, our learned Philofopher and accurate Na- turalift Mr. Ray, found in the Crop of a Thrufh abundance of Hemlock feeds, at a time too when other vegetable food might be had in abundance. It appears to be eaten by very few or no Infers. The dried ftems or kexes are ufed by Boys for various purpofes. The Hemlock is obvioufly diftinguifhed from our other umbelliferous plants by its large and /potted Jlalk, by the dark and Jhimng green colour of ,ts bottom leaves, and particularly by their difagreeable fmell when bruifed, and which accord- ing to Dr. Storck refembles that of Mice. The Fools Parjley and Scandix with rough feeds are the moft likely to be nnftaken for this poifonous plant, but may eafily be diftinguifhed if attention be paid to the defcriptions and figures we pave already given of them, JEthus a jETHUSA Linntei Gen . PI. Pentandria Digynia. Ran Syn. Gen. t r. Umbellifera: Herba:. aETHUSA C Cynapium ) foliis conformibus. Linntei Syft. Vegetal, i. i\ 6 . Flor. Suecic. t>. 02. uETHUSA. Haller, bi/l. n. 765. CICUTA minor petrofelino fimilis. Bauhln. Pin. p. 160. CICUTARIA Apii folio. I. Bauhin. CICUTARIA tenuifolia Gerard, emac. 1063. CICUTA minor five fatua Parkinfon. 933. Rail Syn. p. 215. the lefier Hemlock or Fool’s Parfley. Scopoll FI. Carntol. p. 206. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 107. Hill’s Britijh Herbal fmall Hemlock tab. 58. icon pejjima. RADIX annua , fufiformis, alba, minimi digiti craffitudine, paucis fibris inftruda. CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, eredus, ramofus, ftriatus, fiftulofus, glaucus, verfus bafinfiepe purpureus, non vero maculatus. FOLIA radicalia et ramea conformia, laevia, fuperne atro-vir entia, inferne pallidiora, nitentia, dupli- cato-pinnata, pinnis pinnatifidis, profunde in- cifis, pinnulis ovato-acutis, mucronatis. Vagince ad bafin petiolorum parvas, laeves, marginibus membranaceis. PETIOLI eredi, fulcati. UMBELLA univerfalis patens, radiis interioribus per gradus brevioribus, intimis breviffimis ; partialis univerfali fimilis. INVOLUCRUM univerfale nullum , partiale dimidiatum, extus pofitum, foliolis tribus longijjimis linearibus pendulis , fg. 1 . COROLLA : Petala quinque, alba, obcordata, in- asqualia, apice inflexa, exteriora majora, fg. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, 'alba, longitudine corollas, inflexa: Antherje albas, nonnunquam rubellas, fg. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen inferum, glandula virefcente coronatum : Styli duo, primum eredi, dein deflexi: Stigmata obtufa, fg. 4. PERICARPIUM nullum : Fructus ovato-fubrotundus, ftriatus, bipartibilis, fg. 5. SEMINA duo, pallide fufca, hinc convexa, profunde ftriata, hinc plana, figura Ovato-acut& notata, te- & ROOT annual , tapering, of a white colour, about the thicknefs of the little fnger, furnifhed with few fibres. STALK from one to two feet high, upright, branched, flriated or (lightly grooved, hollow, covered with a blueifh kind of powder which eafily wipes off, towards the bottom frequently of a purple colour, but not /potted. LEAVES : the bottom leaves and thole of the branches fimilar, fmooth, on the upper fide of a dark green colour, underneath paler and fhining, twice pinnated, the leaves pinnatifid and deeply cut in, the fmall leaves or pinnulas oval and termi- nating in a fine point. The Sheaths JK: the bafe of the foot-ftalks fmall, fmooth and mem- branous at the edges. FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, upright and grooved. UMBEL : the univerfal umbel fpreading, the inner radii gradually (horter, the inmoft very (hort ; the partial umbel like the univerfal. INVOLUCR 0 M : the univerfal Involucrum wanting, the partial one placed externally, and only furrounding one half of the umbel, compofed of three very long , linear, and pendulous leaves, fig. 1 . COROLLA: five unequal, heart-lhaped, white Petals, bent in at top, the outer ones largeft, fig. 2. STAMINA : five white Filaments the length of the Corolla, bending in: Anthers white, fome- times reddidi, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen placed below the corolla, and crowned by a glandular fubftance of a greenifli colour : two Styles firft upright, afterwards bending downward : Stigmata blunt, fig. 4. SEED-VESSEL wanting : the Fruit or unripe feed of an oval roundilh (hape, ftriated, and dividing into two parts, fig. 5. SEEDS two, of a pale brown colour, convex and deeply flriated on one fide, flat on the other, and marked with a figure of an oval pointed (hape, fg- 6- ONE of the principal advantages refulting to mankind from Botany, is the rightly afcertaining thofe plants which are ul'ed for food, from thofe which are known to bepoifonous. It not unfrequently happens that both thefe kinds of Herbs grow in the fame foil, nay often in the fame bed together, and fo fimilar are they in their gene- ral appearance, that the indifcriminating eye of the common obferver readily miftakes the one for the other, and hence difeafes fatal in their confequences fometimes enfue. To point out then the mod obvious diftindions between fuch kinds of plants, is not only our bufinefs but our duty. The Fool’s Parfley feems generally allowed to be a plant which poflefles poifonous qualities. _ Baron Haller has taken a great deal of pains to colled what has been faid concerning it, and quotes many authorities to (hew that this plant (on being eaten) has been produdive of the moft violent fymptoms, fuch as anxiety, hickcough,' and a delirium even for the fpace of three months, flupor, vomiting, convulfions and death : He fufpeds however that the common Hemlock may fometimes have had a (hare in producing thefe fymptoms, as he finds in authors that the Fool’s Parfley had been ufed by a whole family without any bad effed, although he ima- gines this might be owing to the fmallnefs of the quantity eaten. As a corroborating proof of its deleterious quality, Linnaeus aflerts that itproves fatal to geefe if they happen to eat it. Altho’ it feems rather doubtful whether it be fo poifonous to mankind as is reprefented, yet it will perhaps be moft prudent to confider it as fuch, until future experiments (hall determine its efteds with more certainty. The plants to which this bears thegreateft refemblance, are common Gar den Parfley and common Hemlock, Conium macu- latum-, this fimilarity has been obferved by moft Botanic Writers, fome of whom have called it a kind of Hemlock, others a kind of Parfley ; it differs however confiderably from both thefe Genera. The colour of its leaves alone, is nearly fufficient to diftinguilh it from Parfley ; thofe of common Parfley are of a yellvwifh green colour, thofe of Fool’s Parfley of a very dark green, and much more finely divided ; the leaves of Parfley when bruifed have a firong but not difagreeable fmell, thofe of Fool’s Parfley have very little fmell in them. Thefe marks if attended to are fufficient to diftinguilh the leaves of thefe two plants, and in the date of leaves they are moft liable to be taken for one another, as they grow together in Gardens. Where much Parfley is ufed, the Miftrefs of the houfe therefore would do well to examine the Herbs previous to their being made ufe of ; but the beft precaution will be always to fow that variety called curled Parfley, which cannot be miftaken for this or any other plant. It is diftinguilhed from Hemlock by being in every reiped fmaller, and not having that ftrong difagreeable fmell which charaderizes the leaves of that plant; the ftalk likewife is not fpotted as 111 the Hemlock; and laftly it is diftinguilhed from all our umbelliferous plants by the three long, narrow, pendulous leaves which compole its partial Involucrum, and which are placed at the bottom of each of the fmall Umbels. . It grows very common in Gardens, and all kinds of cultivated ground, and flowers in July and Auguft. ■ I ■ ' ••• ilill: ■ vouil i til . L- i. ..... . ... •ftlig;. bn . rial f / ScANDIX AnTHRISCUS. ScANDIX WITH ROUGH SEEDS. SCANDIX Lima! Gen. PI. Pentandria Digynia RaiiSyn. Gen. n. umbelliferas herbas SCANDIX Anthrifcus feminibus ovatis hilpidis, corollis uniformibus, caule l*vi. Linnet Syfi. Fegetat. f. 237. Flor. Suecic. p. 93. CAUCALIS vaginis lanuginofis, foliis triplicato-pinnatis, feminibus roftratis. Haller hjfl. n. ?43 , MYRRHIS fylveftris, feminibus afperis. Bauhlnfm. 160, Parklnfon ns . Ger. emac. ro 3 8. Rail Syn. f. aao. Small Hemlock-Chervil with rough Seeds. Huifon PL Angl. p. I0 8. Jacpin Flor. Aujlriac Vol. 1. p. 35. tab. 154. RADIX annua, parva, albida, fubinfipida. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, fa?pe altior, fubereftus, teres, ^ fiflulofus, lawis, ad genicula tumidus et fubflriatus, plerumque viridis. FOLIA. Vaginas ad bafin foliorum magna:, margini- bus lanuginofis ; Folia mollia, tenera, multi- plicate pinnata, hirfutula, ex luteo-virentia. INFLORESCENTIA Umbella. Umbellae obliqua, pedunculata : Pedunculus univerfalis Radiis brevior. Radii univerfales o—c. glabri, partia- les 2 — 6. CALYX : Involucrum univerfale nullum. Partiale plerum- que pentaphyllum, foliolis lanceolato-acuminatis ciliatis, perfiftentibus 1 ; COROLLA : Petala quinque, minima, fubsqualk, alba, fubcordata, apicibus inflexis, fg. 2: > ROOT annual, fmall, whitifh, with little tafte. ; STALK from one to three feet high, frequently taller, nearly upright, round, hollow, fmooth, fwelled and (lightly ftriated at the joints, and moll commonly green. LEAVES. The (heaths formed by the bafe of the leaves are large and downy at the edges : the leaves loft, tender, many times pinnated, {lightly hairy, and of a yellowifh green colour. INFLORESCENCE an Umbel!, the Umbells oblique, ftanding on footftalks, the general or univerfal footftalk fhorter than the Radii ; the univerfal Radii from 3 to 5, the partial Radii from 2 to 6. CALYX. The univerfal Involucrum wanting, the Partial one generally compofed of five leaves, which are pointed, hairy at the edges, and continue. M- i- COROLLA : five Petals very minute, nearly equal, in / ’ fcmewhlt bcart fta P ed > the tips bending STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, petalis paulo bre- viora ; An Tu e a a primum virides, dein fufce fig 3 - PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, inferum, fubcom- preffum, hirfutum, Styli duo breves, fg. j. SEMINA duo, oblonga, e fufco-nigricantia, hinc ful- cato-plana, inde convexa, rollrata, pihs rigidis hamatis undique asperay^ - . 6. STAMINA : five Filaments, a little (horter than the Petals; the Antherje firfi green, afterwards brown, fg. 3. PISTILLUM: the Germen oblong, placed beneath the Corolla, flattilh, and rough, two Styles very ihort jig. 5, SEEDS two oblong, of a dark brown colour, on one (lde flat and grooved, on the other convex running out to a point, and prickly with ftiff hooked hairs, jig. 6. the caule of miftakes, which have fometimes proved hurtfd to the hSS d T P A h f eqUe1 ^ hath be ™ ts no _ clafs of plants which, at firil light, appears to tfTyouS Sit A ' the P™ 'hat there there is none perhaps which affords more conflant or inorefertam marlcsnf difficult of mveffigation than this, diftin&ons may be drawn from the Stalk and Leaves : in feme the 11 alk^is fiKf IU** d ‘ l ° bvioU3 more or lefs deeply channeled ; in fome the leaves are verv finelv divided a i ' ,1 thers f r °»gh; and m others, parts of Truncation afford the mod pleaiing, and fcientific, diftinguhhbg mart™ The" ubfaj™® 7 f° 'f general and partial Involucrum the number (hane and li tuition ff V. l A 1 he “bfence, or prefence of the pofe the umbel], the fizeand equahty TnP^F’uZx detent 'f Radii whkh «m- a knowledge of thefe plants eafily acquired 7 a PP earallccs ° f 'he Seeds, all unite to render the S rjngtd «^onTft2; /are wiU therefore be necefliry in In the firfi and fecond volumes of his Flora Autlriaca latelv ouhlifiipd U f cee ,. e , (° as t * le celebrated Jacquin. to die flock of botanic knowledge, a great number of thefe pfants are figured^deSfd 316 2 ValUaWe addkioU the T fads P t t ,ir^ne“ wLTt toom^ Want If i’t ' ° ^ a " d puts on fomewbat the appearance of the common Hemlock but may eafiNbTd'ft"^™ ^ t m ° lk fituatio n, it if attention be paid to the following partTcXf The t’vls ofthe pIant ’ flight hairmefs, are more finely divided, and of a paler green - the (talk of the Heml tbe fc bave a Hemlock has a general involu/rum, which in thisf kbfs vam ng L ftS rftf Heml P ° t ^ j- n0t ; ths are rough ; the Hemlock has a ftrong difagreeable line 1 ; tffinf’ d ftgr ablf bfmof fl cf m °? th ’ a \ d * eft its virtues it (houldfeemneareft allied. ? onagreeaDle, but more like Chervil, to which in //UYua, A LSI NE MEDIA. Common Chickweed. ALSINE Unnai Gen. PI. Pent ANDR t A TrigyniA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5-zequalia. Caps, i-locularis, 3-valviS. Rail Syn. Gen. 24. Herbie Pentapetalje Vasculifer.®. ALSINE media. Linneei Syjl. Vegetal, p. 246. Plora Suecic. p. 37. ALSINE foliis petiolatis, ovato lanCeolatis, petalis bipartitis. Haller hifi. helv. n. 880. ALSINE media. Scopoli Pi. CarnioL n. 376. ALSINE media. Bauhin pin. p. 250. ALSINE media feu minor. Gerard einac. 6 it. Rail Syn. p* 347, Common Chickweed. Hudfon FI. Angl p. 113. Oeder FI. Dan. 525, 438. RADIX annua, fibrofa, capillacea. CAULES plures, tenelli, teretes, fubrepentes, ramofi, viticulis geniculati, unifariam hirfiuti, apicibus fenfim incraflatis. FOLIA ovato-acuta, glabra, leviter ciliata; inferiora petiolata, fuperiora feffilia, connata. PETIOLI ad bafin latiora, hirfuti. PEDUNCULI uniflori, axillares, hirfuti, peradta floref- centia penduli, demum eredti. CALYX: pERiANTHiuMpentaphyllum, foliolis lanceo- latis, concavis, fubcarinatis, marginatis, hir- futis, Petalis longioribus , fig. 1 . COROLLA : Petala quinque, alba, nitida, ad bafin fere partita, fig. 3, 4, 5. STAMINA : Filamenta quinque, alba, inter Petala locata, Glandula ad bafin inftrudta ; Antherje fubrotundze, purpurafcentes, jig. 5, 6. PISTILLUM : Germen fubovatum ; Styli tres fili- formes ; Stigmata fimplicia, fig. 7. PERICARP 1 UM : Capsula unilocularis, in valvulas fex dehifcentes, fig. 8. SEMINA odto ad quindecem, fubrenifa-mia, afpera, e fufco-aurantiaca, pcdicellis receptaculo connexa, fig. 9, 10, audt. ROOT annual, fibrous, Capillary. STALKS numerous, tender, round, Unking root here and there, branched, jointed and ftringy, hairy on one fide only , growing thicker towards the top. LEAVES of a pointed oval {hape, fmooth, {lightly hairy at the edges, the lowermoft Handing on foot- ftalks, the uppermoft feflile, connate. FOOT-STALKS of the leaves broadeft at bottom, and hairy. FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, each fuftaining one floyver, proceeding from the bofoms of the leaves, hairy, when the flowering is over hanging down, finally becoming upright. CALYX a Perianthium offive leaves, each of which is lanceolate, concave, flightly keel-fhaped at bottom, with a margin at the edge, hairy, and longer than the Petals, fig. 1. COROLLA confifts of five white {hining Petals, di- vided nearly to the bafe, fig. 3, 4, 5. STAMINA: five white Filaments, placed betwixt the Petals, furnifhed at bottom with a little Gland; Antheras roundifh, of a purplifh colour, fig. 5, 6. PISTILLUM : Germen fame what oval ; Styles three, filiform ; Stigmata Ample, fig. 7. SEED-VESSEL a Capsule of one cavity, fplitting into fix valves, fig. 8. SEEDS from eight to fifteen, fomewhat kidney-fhaped, of a brownifh orange colour, with a rough fur- face, connected to the receptacle by little foot-ftalks,9%. 9> io j magnified. _ CHICKWEED being a plant which will grow in almoft any fituation, is confequently liable to afliime many different appearances : when it grows in a rich foil, and fhady fituation, it will frequently become fo large as to refemble the Cerajlium aquaticum ; while at other times, on a dry barren wall, its leaves and {talks will be fo minute as to make the young botanift take it for fome fpecies different from the common Chickweed : happily however it affords marks which if attended to, will readily diftinguifh it from the Cerajlium, and every other plant: exclufive of its differing from the Cerajlium in its generic charadter, its Petals are fhortcr than the leaves of its Calyx ; while in the Cerajlium they are longer ; hence a confiderable difference will be obfervable at firft fight in the fize'of the flowers of thefe two plants : and from all other plants related to it, it may be diftinguiffied by the Angular appear- ance of its flralk, which is alternately hairy on one fide only. The moft common number of its Stamina with us is five ; yet I have often feen it with lefs, and fometimes with more ; and this inconftancy. in the number of its Stamina has been noticed by moft botanic writers : Gouan, in his Flor. Monfipel. mentions from 3 to 10, with as many Piftilla ; this circumftance with refpedt to the number of its Stamina, unfortunately feparates it from other plants with which it appears to have by nature a very near relation : but as five Stamina appear to be its moft conftant number, Linnasus could not have placed it amongft thofe plants with ten Stamina, without doing violence to his fyftem. Of annual plants there are few more troublefome : it fows itfelf plentifully in the fummer, and remains green throughout the winter, flowering during the whole time, if the weather be mild : but its chief feafon for flowering is in the fpring. In rich garden mould, where the ground is highly cultivated, and in the fields about town, it does a deal of mifehief : by the quicknefs of its growth and the great number of its {hoots, it covers and choaks many young plants ; hence it {hould be carefully weeded from dunghills. The feeds are very beautiful, and have the greateft affinity to thofe of the Cerafiiwn aquaticum. When the flowers firft open, the foot-ftalks which fupport them are upright; as the flowers go off they hang down ; and when the feeds become ripe, they again become eredted. LiNNAtus has obferved that the flowers open from nine in the morning till noon, unlefs rain falls on the fame day, in which cafe they do not open : from what little obfervations I have made on this plant, it is not fubjedt to be affedted precifely in the fame manner here, having feen in the month of March, the blofloms continue rather widely expanded after repeated Ihowers of rain. It is conlidered as a wholefome food for Chicken and fmall Birds, whence, as Ray obferves, it has obtained its name : boiled it refembles Spinach fo exadtly as fcarcely to be diftinguiftied from it, and is equally wholefome, being a plant which may be procured almoft any where very early in the fpring, it may be no bad fubftitute where Spinach or other greens are not to be had in plenty, and much preferable to Nettle-tops and other plants which the lower fort of people feek after in the fpring with fo much avidity. Swine are very fond it, and prefer it to Turnep-tops. It is eaten by many Infedts, particularly by the Caterpillar of the Phaleena Villica or Cream ppot Tvger Moth, and other hairy Caterpillars of the Tyger kind. As a medicine it contains no adtive principle; but is frequently applied to hot, painful, and inflamatorV fwellings, either by itfelf, bruifed, or mixed with poultices, with good fuccels. ' , : ?'.« y ' ‘ : ' 'i s HP ■ - v • ) * •• ' - >• ? ... « t. - ./. . ; i : - .1 : . ■ ■ Jar. rjyvos :: :S *h ij-iA..;,-. C, n. ‘i-r.s Uj //■/..-• - M 'lo u!v \v. •’ f. . . •■..•i t tr.ir.lr. ft- . •' • • : ■ Jut:/..-'-' ■ ■ * . ... . . . ■ .! . . . Erica TETRALIX. Gross-leaved Heath. ERICA Llnneei Gen. PI. Qctandria Monogynia. Cal. 4-phyllus. Cor. 4-fida. Filamenta receptaculo inferta. Anther a: bifida*. Caps. 4-locularis. Rail Syn. Areores et Frutices. ERICA ietralix foliis quaternis ciliatis, floribus capitatis imbricatis. ERICA ietralix , antheris ariftatis, corollis ovatis, ftylo inclufo, foliis quaternis ciliatis, floribus capitatis. Linn. Syf. Vegetab. p. 302. FI. Suecic. n. 337. ERICA ex rubro nigricans fcoparia. Bauhin Pin. 486. ERICA Brabantica folio Coridis hirfuto quaterno. I. B. 1. 358. ERICA pumila Belgarum Lobelio, fcoparia noftras. Parkinfon. 1482. ERICA major flore purpureo. Gerard emac. 1382 Rail Syn. p. 471, Low Dutch Heath or Befome Heath. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 144. Oeder FI. Dan. icon. 81. CAULES fruticofi, dodrantales aut pedales, ramofi, | fufci, fcabriufculi ex reli&amentis foliorum. | f I FOLIA quaterna , ovato-linearia, patentia, prope flores y cauli adprefla, marginibus inflexis, ciliatis, ciliis | glandula terminatis, fuperficie fuperiore plana, | inferiore concava. $ t i t FLORES fecundi, imbricati, in capitulum congefti, | carnei. ¥ ¥ CALYX: Perianthium hexaphyllum, foliolis hirfu- | tis, duo inferiora ovato-lanceolata, ceetera li- % nearia, fg. 2. | COROLLA ovata, monopetala, ore quadrifido, laciniis f reflexis, fg. 3. | t STAMINA: Filamenta o£to, fubulata, alba, corolla | breviora, receptaculo inferta ; Anthers fagit- | tata;, conniventes, purpurea;, biforaminofa;, ? bicornes, fg. 4, 5, 6. | t I PISTILLUM : Germen cylindraceum, fubfulcatum, | villofum, glandula ad bafin cin&um, fg. 7, 8 ; f Stylus filiformis, purpurafcens,^. 9 ; Stig- | ma, obtufum* fg. 10. 4 PERICARPIUM: Capsula fubrotunda, villofa, apice | truncata, quadrivalvis, fg. 1 1 , 1 2. ¥ I SEMINA plurima, minuta, flavefcentia, fg. 13, 14. i STALKS fhrubby, about nine or twelve inches high, branched, roughilh from the remains of the leaves which have fallen off. LEAVES growing by fours, of an oval-linear ftiape, fpreading, near the flowers prefled clofe to the ftaik, the edges turned in and ciliated or hairy , each of the hairs terminating in a fmall round globule, the upper furface flat, the inferior furface concave. FLOWERS hanging down one over another all one way, forming a little head, of a pale red colour. CALYX : a Perianthium of fix leaves, the leaves hairy, the two lowermoft of an oval-pointed fhape, the reft linear, fig. 2. COROLLA oval, monopetalous, the mouth divided into four fegments, which turn back, fg. 3. STAMINA: eight Filaments, tapering, white, ftior- ter than the Corolla, inferted into the recepta- cle; An therje arrow- fhaped, doling together, purple, having two apertures for the discharge of the Pollen, and two little horns, fg. 4, 5. 6. PISTILLUM : Germen cylindrical, {lightly grooved, villous, furrounded at bottom by a gland, fg. 7, 8 ; Style filiform, purplilh, fig. 9. Stigma blunt, fg. 10. SEED-VESSEL : a roundilh Capsule covered with a kind of down, cut off - as it were at top, hav- ing four valves, fg. 11, 12. SEEDS numerous, minute, and yellowilh, fg. 13, 14. THIS fpecies of Heath, though not applicable to fuch a variety of ufes as fome of the others, is not in- ferior to any of them in the beauty and delicacy of its flowers, which in general are of a pale red colour, but fometimes they occur entirely white. It is obvioufly enough diftinguifhed from the reft, not only by its flowers growing in a kind of pendulous duller on the tops of the ftalks, but by its leaves alfo, which growing by fours on the ftaik, form a kind of crofs ; thefe are edged with little ftifF hairs, each of which has a fmall globule at its extremity. At the latter end of the Summer it contributes its lhare with the others to decorate and enliven thofe large tradls of barren land which too often meet the eye in many parts of this kingdom. It delights to grow in a moifter fituation than fome of the others, and will thrive well enough in gardens, if taken up either in Spring or Autumn with a quantity of earth about its roots: this is neceflary, as the Heaths in general bear traniplanting ill. ' ■ , - ' Polygonum Bistorta. The greater Bistort or Snake-weed. POLYGONUM LinrueiGen. PI. Octandria trigynia. Rati Synopfis, Genus quintum. Herbat flore imperfecto seu stamineo, (vel apetalo POTIUS.) POLYGONUM Bijiorta caule fimpliciffimo, monoftachyo, foliis ovatis in petiolum decurrentibus. Limitet Syjl. Ve get ab. p. 31 1. POLYGONUM radice lignofa contorta, fpica ovata, foliorum petiolis alatis. Haller. Hijl. v. 2. 258. COLUBRINA Seu Serpentaria foemina. Fufchti icon. 774. SERPENTARIA mas five Biftorta. Fufchii icon. 773. BISTORTA major radice minus intorta. Bauhin. Pin. ic)2. BISTORTA major radice magis intorta. Bauhin. Pin. 192. BISTORTA major Gerard, emac 399. major vulgaris Parkin} 'on 391. Rati Synopjis 147. Hudfon. FI. Angi. 146. Flor. Dan. Ic. 421. RADIX perennis, craffitie digiti, plus minufve in- torta, externe cafianea, interne carnea, fibris et ftolonibus plurimis inftru&a. CAULIS pedalis aut bipedalis, fimplex, fubere&us, fo- lidus, articulatus, (geniculi tumidi) teres, Levis. STIPULAE vaginantes, apice membranacee, marcefcentes , ore obliquo. FOLIA cordato-lanceolata, undulata, lubtus ceerulefcen- tia, glabra, inferiora in petiolos decurrentia, fu- periora amplexicaulia in Ripulas definentia. FLORES fpicati, fpica oblongo-ovata, denfa. BRACTEiE membranacete, marcefcentes, biflores, bi- valves, valvula inferiore tricufpidata cufpide medio longiore quafi ariftata, flores pedicellati. pedicellis calyce longioribus. CALYX five COROLLA fubovata, quinquepartita, carnea, laciniis ovatis, obtufis, concavis, fig. 1. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta o£to, fubulata, alba, corolla longiora, Anthera biloculares, purpurafcentes, incumbentes. fig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen triquetrum, fanguineum, Styli tres longitudine flaminum ; Stigmata parva, rotunda, fig. 5. 6. 7. NECTARIUM . glandulas rubras in fundo calycis,^. 4. SEMEN triquetrum, fufcum, mucronatum, nitens, ver- ni ce quali obdudtum. fig. S- ROOT perennial, the thicknefs of one’s finger, more or lefs crooked, externally of a chefnut, internally of aflelh colour, furnifhed with numerous fibres and creepers. STALK from one to two feet high, fimfile , nearly upright, lolid, jointed, (the joints fwelled,) round and fmooth. STIPULAE enclofing the Stalk as in a lheath, at top membranous, 'withered, the mouth oblique. LEAVES : the bottom leaves fomewhat heart fhaped and pointed ; waved at the edges, fmooth, under- neath blueilh and continued down the footftalks the upper leaves embracing the flalk, and ter- minating in the ftipuke. FLOWERS growing thickly in a fpike, the fpike of an oblong oval lhape. FLORAL LEAVES membranous, and withered, con- taining two flowers and having two valves, the lower valve three pointed, the middle point running out into a kind of arifta or beard, the flowers growing on footftalks which are longer than the Calyx. CALYX or COROLLA, of an oval fhape and flelh coloured, divided into five fegements, which are oval, obtufe, and concave, fig. i. 3. STAMINA : eight Filaments, tapering, white, and longer than the Calyx ; the Anthers bilocu- lar, purplifh, and laying acrofs the filaments. fig- 2. PISTILLUM the Germen three fquare, of a deep red colour, three Styles the length of the Stamina; the Stigmata fmall and round. fig. 5. 6. 7. NECTARIUM: feveral fmall red glands in the bot- tom of the Calyx, fig. 4. SEED : triangular, brown, pointed, and finning as if varnifhed. fig. 8. WHEN a Plant not intended to be cultivated, in any refpeft prevents the growth of one which is the objeft of Ccltwatron, loch a plant, however beaot.fi. 1 may with propriety be called a Weed ; nor will the elegance or Utility of the Biftort, fecure it 111 the eftimation of the Farmer, from that appellation 5 ' This Plant generally grows in moift Meadows, and flowers in May and June ; when it has once taken root it propagates very fail, and frequently will form large patches, to the exclufion of a confiderable portion of the Grafs nor .art deftroyed but with the greateft difficulty. Happily, our Farmers about Town are pretty much flrangers to d n f” m A A grows plentifully a Meadow by the fide of B.fifs Wood near HaSdd and my obliging Friend Dr. Allen informs me he has found it about Batterfea 1 namjyieaa, As an aftringent Medicine, the Biftort appears to poflefs confiderable virtue, and as fuel, may with propriety be made ufeof m all cafes where aftrmgents are required ; but more particularly in long continued evacuations from the Bowels, and other diicharges both ferous and fangumeous. It is recommended alfo to fallen teeth which are oofe and proOTnrf ^ In fome parts of England the leaves care eat as a Pot-herb. m '!/T a/ium ^ersiraria . I Polygonum Persicaria. Common spotted Persicaria. Polygonum POLYGONUM POLYGONUM Limat Gen. PI. Rail Syn. Gen. 5 OcTANDRIA TrigyNIA. HerBJE FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO, VEL APETALO POTIUS. ftipulis ciliatis, fpicis ovato- Perficaria floribus liexandris femidigynis, pedunculis laevibus, oblongis erectis. Pcrjicatia floribus hexandris digynis, fpicis ovato-oblongis, foliis lanceolatis, ftipulis ciliatis* ^ Lm. Syft. Veget ab. p. 312. Flor. Suecic. p. i^o. PFP Sr f -°-" S OVat ?'J anceoIatis > fub hirfutis, fpicis ovatis - ? vaginis ciliatis. Haller, hijl. Helv. v. 2. p. 257* mitis maculofa et non maculofa. Baubin. Pin. p. 101. ' ieAKIA maculofa Gerard, emac. 445. vulgaris mitis feu maculofa. Parkinfon. 856. Raii Syn. ed. ■?. p. i 4 r. n. 4. Dead or fpotted Arfmart. Hudfon Flor. Angi. p. 147. n. 4. ScopoliFl. Carniol p. 279. v , ■ | ROOT (imple and fibrous. e P ! 1S ’ a a m aliquando repens, pedalis ad £ STALK upright, fometimes creeping at bottom, from tripe aiem^ ramolus, teres, glaber, ad genicu- ? one to three feet high, branched, round, lmooth, los lenfiin incraflatus faepe rubens : fub geni- | gradually thicker at the joints, often of a red cu is pundta radicalia difcernantur quamvis huic y colour: a little beneath each joint fome radical peciei non propria. i points are obfervable, which however are not T? a a/tt 1 I peculiar to this fpecies* a terni, e ungulo geniculo prodeuntes, patentes, | BRANCHES alternate, proceeding from each joint, and midrib {lightly hairy, fmooth on both fides, in general having a large lpot on the middle of the leaf fomewhat like a horfe Ihoe. Q _ ftepe diffufi. I fpreading, frequently very much fo. DAE vagmantes, liquore vifcido fepe repletse, | STIPULAE embracing the ftalk, frequently full of a vif- TrnTTA , 13 , I cid liquid, and terminated by long ciliae or hairs* t UL.1A lanceolata, fubpetiolata, margine nervoque me- f LEAVES lanceolate, with Ihort foot-ftalks, the edge dio lubhirfutis, utrinque laevia, maculi ferrum y — J — - J -'- - r — -- 1 - ' ^ - r ' equinum quodammodo referente ftepius notata. f S?e C r ULIW r S, o • • I FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, fmooth. r LUKEb lpicati, rofei, Spies terminales, ereCtae, fubovatas. | FLOWERS growing in fpikes, of a bright rofe colour, the fpikes terminal, upright, of a fomewhat I oval lhape. 1 I CALYX : a Perianthium divided into five fegments, coloured, and perlifting, the fegments oval and I obtufe, jig. 1, 2. y COROLLA wanting. I STAMINA: fix Filaments inferted into the bottom I of the Calyx, the length of the Corolla; the CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, coloraturi perfiftens, fegmentis ovatis obtufis, jig, 1, 2. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA : h il ament a fex fundo calycis inferta lon- gitudine corollae Antherje rubentes, fig. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, compreffum, aut tricjue- | PISTILLUM ” Gehmen' ovat and flat, or three-fquare, t ?7 s DS “ d hJ “ , " S I fiS- 3 . 6- Style divided down to the middle into 4brotmda ’ fif ' i’ ®' Stigma,ia duo auttna | two, ofteninto three parts, fg. 5, 8. Stigmata 1 SEED 0n n,V Cither ° fan 7d P°" lted ea - we W examined a vafl: number of all the different Species and r d f P °‘ yS 7r WhlC u T ne « hbourho ° d afford, compared them with one another, fown the feeds, and cultivated many of them; and if we do not deceive ourfelves, have reduced 1‘ome of the more difficult ones to their true Species and Varieties. Ac what we i elate concerning thefe plants is no more than the refultof the moft accurate and repeated inveftigation Authority ^ miCr ° fc0pe ’ We iha11 be the lefs concerned becaufe we differ from Authors of the moft refpedable 1 he writer who gives an account of all the known plants in the univerfe, cannot be fuppofed to have the oppor- tunity of being lo minute in his enquiries as one who deferibes the plants of a particular fpot, which as they grow are conftantly the objefts of his attention. J h We have ventured to alter Linnseus’s Specific defeription of this plant, which ftands thus. Polygonum floribus hexandris digynis , fpicis ovato-oblongis, foliis lanceolatis , ftipulis ciliatis, to i olygonum for thus hexandris Jcmidigynis, pedunculis lavibus, fipulis ciliatis , fpicis ovato-oblongis ere Bis. We have not made this alteration from an idle defire of differing from fo great a Man, whom we truly refpedt and revere, ut olely to make the diftinCtions betwixt thofe plants more obvious, and thereby add our mite to the general ltock ol Botanic knowledge. _ In fpecific deferiptions, the diftinguilhing marks Ihould as much as pofiible be contralted or oppoled to each other, in thefe plants this does not feem to have been fufficiently attended to. What we lave piincipally in view by altering the Specific defeription is to diftinguilh it from the Polygonum Penfylvanicum nearly S alf 1 ^ 1635 W UC 1 t ^ iere are Several, and to which the Polygonum Perfcaria in its general habit is exceeding In all the flowers of this Species vvhich we have examined, the Style has been divided juft half way down hence we have called the flowers Semidigym, had it been divided down to the bafe they would with propriety have been called Digynt. In moft of the flowers the Style is divided into two parts, and the Germen is a little convex on each fide, in lome of the flowers the ftyle is divided into three, hence thofe flowers might be called Semi- tr/gyni, and when this is the cafe the Germen is always triangular. In the Polygonum Penfylvanicum the Style is di- vide nearly to the bafe, this difference then in the divilion of the Style, is of conliderable confequence in diftinguilh- ing the two Species and their varieties from each other. The footftalks which fupport the flowers in this Species, are quite fmooth, in the Polygonum Penfylvanicum, they are belet with a great number of minute glands, which gives them a manifeft roughnefs, and contributes to charac- terife that Species. The Stipulae are furnilhed with long Ciliae or Hairs, particularly towards the top of the plant, in the Polygonum Penfylvanicum thefe are wanting. Thefe two plants likewife differ much in the form of their feeds, of which we {hall lpeak more fully in our account of the latter. I he flowers always grow in upright fpikes of an oval lhape more or lefs round; by thefe two characters this Species is at once diftinguilhed from th & Polygonum Hydropiper , the fpikes of which are filiform and pendulous. The leaves are moft commonly fpotted, but this is neither conftant nor peculiar to this Species, and difference of fize only forms the principle variety to which it is fubjedt. It grows exceedingly common in all our Ditches, and flowers in Auguft and September; its blolfoms are beautiful and laic a conliderable time, was it not fo common, it would probably bethought worthy of a place in our Gardens. No particular virtues or ules are attributed to it. •V: . - • ' . . ■ r , T. ^ . , - • o s'; •s - . tlr'l ■ ■ . • . . f ;-:t V .j \ 3 2-.- • ; . 'i > o:.:3c:r: ..:::. \’i - S Stf.fr-.. : jf (■: ‘ : •' ... • . ' /: ‘ •' . . • .. : .... . .suL’r;:-. v .'7: Vj • ' , ' 3 t:. . ' ' , ■3. V.’f ■ ■ ' • • • '• ■’ Polygonum Pensylvanicum. Pale - flowered Persicaria. POLYGONUM Linnat Gen. PI. Octandria Trigynia. RaliSyn. Gen. 5. Herbje flore imperfecto seu Stamineo (vel apetala potius.) POLYGONUM floribus hexandris, digynis; ftipulis muricis; pedunculis fcabris; feminibus utrinque depreflis. POLYGONUM floribus ottandris digynis, pedunculis hifpidis, foliis lanqeolatis, fripulis muricis. Linnai Syft. Veget ab. Sp . Piant, p. 519. PERSICARIA mitis major foliis pallidioribus. D. Bobarti, Dead Arfmart the greater with pale leaves. Rail Syn. ed. 3. p. 145. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 148. RADIX fibrofa, annua. CAULIS tripedalis circiter, teres, glaber, fiftulofus, ramofus ; rami patentes, geniculis maxime in- craflatis. FOLIA ovnto-lanceolata, fupra glabra, fubtus glandulis pun&ata, faspe pubefcentia, ciliata, nunc ma- culata nunc immaculata. PETIOLI fubtus hirfuti, fcabriufculi. STIPULE bafi nervofx, mutica:. PEDUNCULI pilis brevibus glanduliferis fcabri.^. 1. FLORES herbacei, pedunculis brevibus infidentes, denfe glomerati, ipicce ovatiE, feminibus maturis fub- nutantes. CALYX : Perianthium quinquepartitum, laciniis o- vatis, obtufis, Jig. 2, 3. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA: Filamenta fex, fubulata, alba, Corolla paulo breviora ; Antherje biloculares ; Pol- len globofum. Jig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen fubovatum ; Stylus fere ad bafin divifus ; Stigmata duo fubrotunda, Jig- 5. <>■ SEMEN cordatum, acuminatum, comprelfum, medio deprejjum, nitidum, fig. 9, 10, magnit. nat. fg. 7, 8, lente au£t. fubinde obtufe triquetrum, fg- 12 - ROOT fibrous and annual. STALK about three feet high, round, fmooth, hollow, branched, the branches fpreading, and the joints very much fwelled. LEAVES of an oval pointed fhape, fmooth on their upper furface, underneath dotted with fmall glands, and often downy, edged with little hairs, fometimes with and fometimes without fpois. FOOT-STALKS of the leaves hairy underneath, with a flight roughnefs to the touch. STIPULAE rib’d at bottom, and not terminated by any hairs. FOOT STALKS of the flowers rough with little glands. 1. FLOWERS of a greenifh colour, fitting on fhort foot- ftalks, and growing thickly together ; fpikes oval, and when the feeds are ripe drooping a little. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five fegments, which are oval and obtufe, fig. 2, 2. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA : fix Filaments, tapering, white, a little fhorter than the Corolla ; Antherje bilocular ; Pollen globular, Jig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen fomewhat oval; Style divi- ded nearly down to the bafe ; Stigmata two roundifh, fig. 5, 6. SEED heart-fhaped, pointed, flat, with a deprejfion in the middle , fhining, Jig. 9, 10, of its natural 7» 8, magnified, fometimes obtufely triangular,^. 12. The plant here figured, a the PA™ mlu major film pallidioribus, D. Bobarti, and which is particularly defcribed in the 3d. edition of Ray s Synopfi, p. 145: from the confonancy of this defeription, with that which Linn.bUs had given of the Polygonum Pcnfyhamcum, in the 3d. edition of his Speices Plantarum, Mr. Hudson fet it down m his Flora as that fpec.es : and Linnisus in the laft edition of his Syflema Vegetal, as a confirmation of out isnglilh Polygonums, being the -fame with his Pcnfyhamcum, quotes Bobarts’s deferiptive name. , p A , T ’ L 1 ™*” 5 ’ and Hudson, then, it is made a diftinft fpecies ; by Haller it is confidered as a variety of the Polygonum Perform ; but as the Baron forms his judgment from dried fpecimens that were fent him in which many of the d.ftmginfhmg charadters of this plant would be unavoidably loft, he feems the mol likely to be miftaken • I mail therefore join in making it a diftind fpec.es ; and I truft fhall give fuch ftriking additional char «Mrs, as wili fettle this matter beyond difpute. & ’ w - The true Polygonum Pcnfyhamcum { for there are feveral varieties of it) has the greateft affinity with the Polygonum Terjicana, but differs from , it in the following particulars, viz. place of growth, fee, ftipular, leaves, foot-ftilk“ the leaves, foot-ftalks of the flowers, ftyle, and feeds. x While the Polygonum Perficaria ufually delights to grow by the fides of moil ditches, the Penfiylvamcum prefers a richer and more luxuriant foil ; and fo common is it with us about town, that there is fcarce a dunghill on which it may not be found : indeed mils attachment to this particular foil, it refembles many of the Chenopodiums or Oral, Was it never to occur in other fixations, feme might be ready to lufpeft that it was a variety ofthe Perficaria arifing from nchnefs of foil ; but it is frequently found in other places : and I remember once to have f PPn the P„/ 1 S Perficaria, Hydropiper, and Penfylvanicum, all growing by the fide of a ftream within fix inches of each other* In its moft common ftate it is much larger than the Polygonum Perficaria, and its joints in particular are more fwelled • its St, pulse are much more ftrongly r.bM at bottom and have no Cilise ; its leaves are broader, the veins fomewhat deeper and more ftrongly marked ; the hairs on the edges of the leaves more vif, ble, but particularly fo under the foot-fhllk ofthe leaf- to which thev mve. n mnnifefF tl,., /1 i G , < . naer tile foot-ftalk of the leaf, to which they give a mamfeft roughnefs: m the uppermoft leaves the under tide is generally dotted with very minute glands, while in the lowermoft it ,s covered with a kind of down • this laft charaflj ebZl contrary to what Linn.eus afftrts, is never feen in the Polygonum Perficaria ; but in this fpecies it isalwavsY g leis predominant. The foot-ftalks of the flowers are thickly befet with little yelloSS ftald ^ X “ foot-ftalks, which fometimes extend half way down the plant ; this appearance never or exceeding rarely of cuTs iifthe Polygonum Perfcana : the flowers are of a pale or greemfh hue, and form thickerand larger foikes than ; n the p 7 Perficaria, and when ripe are fo heavy as frequent?, to hang down a little : the Style ifdi^ded ~ Lriy l^nTo the Germen, while in the Polygonum Perfcana it is divided only half way ; and this Jivifon ofthe Style I look unon as one of the mod conflant and certain catena of this fpecies : laftly the form ofthe feeds contributes not a littkto the farther afcertaminp- and u : m the VprRrnnn t-he fpcAc i... - . . lutie ro the farther afeertaining and fixing it ; in the Perficaria the feeds are either triangular, or of a uointed nv=l '/////// 6 /> '//.)//!/ 'n/ucm/h > Polygonum Pensylvanicum. var. caule maculato. Spotted- stalk’d Persicaria. PERSICARIA latifolia geniculata, caulibus maculatis. D. Ranl RaU Syn. p. i 4J . PERSICARIA maculofa procumbens foliis fubtus incanis. Raii Syn. p. , 4 6. eadem eft planta foio autem minus lasto proveniens. W - hic - h from „ re P catel) examinations, I have been able to difeover betwixt the Pelyrmm n moreVn ■ “ lts m ° ft common Rate ; in this Rate however it does not always occur, but £ fub- •ing, havLgTSLm^XutZtf Wlth °" an ? ddire of multiplying, hem, I make the follow- 1 Polygonum Penfylvanicum. var. caule et Jloribus rubris. 2 caule maculato. 3 folks fubtus incanis. The firfl of thefe varieties is very often found with the true fpecies on dunghills, as alfo in corn-fields, and is like pllgl^P?rfariaT m% ’ theftalksand flowers bein £ red > b « ”°'f° beautifully bright as thofe of the The fecond variety here figured, which indeed comes near to a diffinS fpecies, grows much in the fame b.™ d>’l and “ft^tmeji with the Polygonum Perjkarm in the ditches about Si. Georgei-fidds, particularly in a la g e . dltc “ on the right-hand fide of the road between the end oiBlachnan-Street and Newington, where it is verv com- mon in the month of September. It not only differs from the other in having its ft a lk fpotted with red a cha- rafter which it keeps very conftantly, but its fpikes are much flenderer, rather more fo even than thofe of the Perfcana, of a red colour, but not quite fo bright as thofe of that plant: the under fide of the foot-ftalk of the leaves is remarkably rough ; the little glands on the foot-ftalks of the flowers, and the parts of the fructification are fimilar to _ thofe of the true fpecies, but the feeds are fmaller : when this variety grows in the rich foil abovementioned, it is full as large as the Penfylvanicum itfelf ; but when it grows in a different foil and fitua- tion, as on the watery parts of Blackheati and P eckham-Rye, it becomes much fmaller, generally has its leaves white underneath, and will certainly be taken for the Polygonum P erf c aria if not attentively examined: its fpotted ftalkand the roughnefs of the foot-ftalks of the leaves will however readily difeover it. The third variety, with leaves hoary on the under fide, is found here and there in corn-fields and other places where the foil is not very rich, and is obvioufly enough diftinguifhed. Befides thefe ftriking varieties. It is fubjeft, like all other plants, to vary in fize according to the richnefs or poverty of the ground on which it grows, and like the Polygonum Perfcaria , its leaves are fometimes fpotted and fometimes not. This deferiptive account will perhaps appear tedious and unintereffing to fome ; if however by thefe praftical ob- lervations, the obfeunty which has hitherto dwelt on this difficult Genus, ffiall in fome degree be removed and the road uf investigation made eafier to the young Botanift, I fhall think my time ufefully employed ; I would not how- everwdh him to take upon truft what is here advanced, but to examine each plant and its feveral parts for himfelf- thus he will become improved, and be able perhaps to throw a ftill greater light on the fubjed. The Sparrow and other fmall Birds are very fond of the feeds of this fpecies and its varieties : but the Farmer fhould carefully weed them from his dunghills. a .. J. . : . . ;• S f. r; .1ABWS :4 » \ . ■ .. . .'.vi.': ...v'- ; : - . • ' . i • . hr... .run a'. - ' ' ■ : ito yti oil « i>rf* .... , ...vHvaot 5 • •• Lsllo*»! - •• •!» J- > ' i»’" - -*i- , • .. ' . z wtrdi 0J sid« bnj; ,b-r/t tr: • V. . » • : TT ' : : : , ; :: astii . v . . Polygonum Hydropiper, Biting Persicaria or W ater Pepper. POLYGONUM Linntei Gen. PI. Octandria Trigynia. Cal. o. Cor. 5-partita, calycina. Sent. 1, angulatum, i Rat Syn. Gen. Herba; flore imperfecto seu Stamineo vel apetalo potius. POLYGONUM Hydropiper floribus hexandris femidigynis ; foliis lanceolatis, undulatis, immaculatis ; fpicis filiformibus nutantibus. POLYGONUM Hydropiper floribus hexandris femidigynis, foliis lanceolatis, ftipulis fubmuticis. Lina. Syft. Veget ab. p. 312. POLYGONUM foliis ovato lanceolatis, fpicis florigeris, vaginis calvis. Haller, hi/l. p. 2 56. n. 1554. POLYGONUM Hydropiper. Scopoli FI. Carniol. n. 467. PERSICARIA urens feu Hydropiper. Bauhin. pin. 101. PERSICARIA vulgaris acris feu minor. Parkinfon. 856. HYDROPIPER. Gerard. e7nac. 445. Rail Syn. p. 144. Water-pepper, Lakeweed or Arfmart. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 148. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULIS eredtus, ramofus, bafi nonwunquam repens, pedalis ad tripedalem, geniculis incraflatis, de- mum ruberrimus. FOLIA lanceolata, undulata, e viridi flavefcentia, glabra. STIPULAE ciliatae. FLORES fpicati, fpica tenues , demum nutantes. CALYX : Perianthium quadripartitum, glandulis mi- nimis adfperfum, laciniis obtufls, concavis, jig. 1 > 2, 3. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA : Filamenta fex alba ; Anthers alb* biloculares, jig. 3. PISTILLUM ; Germen ovatum ; Stylus bifidus, ad medium ufque divifus ; Stigmata duo, ro- tunda, Jig. 4, 5. SEMEN ovato-acuminatum, caftaneum, fig. 6. ROOT annual and fibrous.' STALK upright, branched, fometimes creeping at bot- tom, from one to three feet high, the joints fwelled, finally becoming very red. LEAVES lanceolate, waved, of a yellovvifh green colour and fmooth. STIPUL/E ciliated. FLOWERS growing in fpikes, which are Jlender and fmally droopmg. CALYX : a Perianthium divided into four fegments, fprinkled with very minute glands , the fegments blunt and hollow, fisc. 1, 2, 5. COROLLA wanting STAMINA fix white Filaments; Anthers white and bilocular, jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen oval; Style bifid, divided down to the middle; two round Stigmata, fig- 4, 5 - SEEDS of an oval pointed fhape, and chefnut -colour. fig- 6. is fo defervedly held and bk: "^ tafe - obfervable oil the Calyx with a fmall magnifier and which if e 'll f 1 J el tbc P )allt ’ but more particularly other part of the plant: this quality whfch i^UaT olhe If el W ‘ U be G ? u, ! d '° b T ,nore bi,i "S ' ha >' 4 = variety of the Hydropiper, fcarce diffehr'V in” uty otto r fneft iitTe 8 , ■? ’ J 0 ®* ftch = f. the feme flotation as we ufually find the tn/fpecies • from the P P & Sl ■ * a-T = no " ?" d then met wi * fpikes, form and fee of its feeds ; and firft its Sare a i»n it proves as^caci.sinthe Stone and Gravel: i/kLuI Although the herb is fo acrid, the feeds are inlipid and nutritive. *** ■'VV.\V\l, ,|\\ ■ Polygonum aviculare. Birds Polygonum or Knot-Grass. POLYGONUM Llnncei Gen PI. OctanGria Trigynia; Ceil. o. Cor. 5-partita, Calycina . Sem. 1. angulatum . Raii Syn.Gen. 5. Herbje flore imperfecto seu stamineo, (vel Apetala potius.) POLYGONUM avicuiare floribus oftandris trigynis axillaribus, foliis lanceolatis, caule procumbente POLYGONUM POLYGONUM POLYGONUM POLYGONUM POLYGONUM herbaceo. Linn. Syjl. Fegetab. p. 312. Sp. Pl. 5 i 9 . FI. Suecic. n. 339. procumbens, foliis linearibus, acutis, floribus folitariis. Haller hifl . n. 1560. aviculare. Scopoli FI. Carniol. n. 471. mas vulgare. Gerard emac. 451. mas vulgare majus. Parkinfon 443. feu Ceritinodia. 1 Bauhm 3. 374. Rail Syn. f. 146. Hudfin FI. Angi. p. 149. RADIX annua, fimplex, lignofa, multis fibris donata, terram firmiter apprehendens ut extirpatu diffi- cilis fit, fapore adftringente. CAULES plures, plerumque procumbentes, interdum vero fubere&i, dodrantales, ramofi, tenues, flrriati, laeves, teretes, geniculati, ad geniculos paululum incraflati. FOLIA quam maxime variantia, ovata, lanceolata aut etiam linearia, alterna, laevia, e vaginis ftipu- larum prodeuntia. STIPULAE vaginantes, membranaceae, albidae, nitidae, apice fibro fae. ROOT annual, fimple, woody, furniftied with many fibres, taking ftrong hold of the earth, fo as to be with difficulty pulled up, and of an aftrin- gent tafte. STALKS feveral, generally procumbent, fometimes nearly upright, about nine inches in length, branched, flender, ftriated, fmooth, round, jointed, the joints a little fwelled. LEAVES varying exceedingly, oval, lanceolate, or fometimes even linear, alternate, fmooth, proceeding from the flieaths of the Stipula;. STIPULaE forming a ffieath round the joints, mem- branous, white, fliining, at top fibrous. FLORES axillares, e vaginis flipularum cum foliis prodeuntia. CALYX : Perianthium quinquepartitum, laciniis o- vatis concavis, patentibus, dimidio inferiore viridi, fuperiore albo, fiepe colorato, fg. i, 2. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA: Filamenta o&o corolla breviora ; An- thers flavae,^. 2, audi. PISTILLUM: Germen triquetrum; Stylus longi- tudine ftaminum, trifidus; Stigmata tria, rotunda, fg. 3, autt. SEMEN triquetrum, nigricans, intra calycem, jig. 4. FLOWERS axillary, proceeding with the leaves from the flieaths of the Stipula;. CALYX : a Perianthium divided into five fegments, the laciniae oval, concave and fpreading, the lower half green, the upper half white and often coloured, Jig. 1, 2. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA : eight Filaments fliortcr than the Corolla, Antherje yellow. Jig. 2, magnified. PISTILLUM : Germen triangular ; Style the leno-th of the Stamina, trifid ; Stigmata three, round, Jig. 3, magnified. SEED triangular, of a blackifli colour, contained with- in the Calyx, fg. . 4. Thofe plants which have been obferved to be eaten by cattle, have often obtained the name of Grafs, al- though they have not poflefled the leaft fimilitude to thofe which are real Grafles, and the prefent plant is* one of thefe. Cattle in general are fond of it, and hogs in particular eat it with great avidity. The feeds afford fuftenance.to many of the fmall birds, whence it has acquired the name of aviculare. The Caterpillar of the * Phaleena rumicis (with us the Knot-grafs Moth,) I have frequently found feeding on its leaves, although it is by no means confined to this plant : in Sweden, Linnaeus informs us it feeds on the Dock (Rumex,) and Sow-thifle. This fpecies of Polygonum may be confidered as one of our moft common plants ; it delights to grow in a fandy or gravelly foil, on bank's, and by the fides of roads and paths, being of quick growth, and^fpreading a great deal of ground ; it often covers whole fields, that by turning in of cattle, have had their natural coac of grafs deftroyed. Where a plant of this fpecies happens to grow fingly in a rich foil, it will often cover the fpace of a yard or more in diameter, and the leaves become broad, and large ; but when it grows very thick together, by the lides of paths, it is in every refpeft fmaller, and the ftalks are more upright. It is fubjeft, like moft other plants, to feveral varieties, and of thefe are the Polygonum brevi angufoque folio , and the Polygonum oblongo angufo- que folio of C. Bauhine. It has been confidered by antient writers, as pofleffing fome medical virtue, particularly as an Aftrino-ent, and is by them recommended in Diarrhaeas, Dyfenteries, Bleeding at the nole, and other Hemorrhages ; but in the prefent practice, its ufe leems juftly fuperfeded by more efficacious medicines. * Vid. Linn, Faun. Suede, p. 318 . n. noo. Rocfd. cl. 2. Pap. Ntfi. 1. *7. Albin Inful, pL 2 2 . Polygonum minus. Small, creeping, narrow-leaved Persicaria. POLYGONUM POLYGONUM POLYGONUM POLYGONUM Lintuei Gen. PI. Octandria Trigynia. Cal. o. Cor. 5-partita calycina. Sew. 1, angulatum. RaiiSyn. Gen. 5. Herba: flore imperfecto seu Stamineo vel apetala potius* * minus floribus hexandris, fubmonogynis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis, caule bafi repente. minus hexandris digynis foliis lanceolatis, flipulis ciliatis, caule divaricato patulo. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 148. foliis ovato-lanceolatis, glabris, fpicis ftrigofis, vaginis ciliatis. Haller, hijl. p. 257. »• 1 555 - P ER SIC ARI A minor. Bauhin Pin. 1014 ? anguftifolia. BauhlnPin. 10 1.3? PERSICARIA pufilla repens Ger. emac. 446. Parkinfon. 857. RaiiSyn. 145.2. Small Creeping Arfmart. PERSICARIA anguftifolia cx fingulis geniculis florens. Mer. Pin. 90? RaiiSyn. 145. 3. Narrow- leaved Lakeweed. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULES plures, dodrantales, aut pedales, baf repentes, demum fuberedti, geniculati, (geniculis paulu- lum incraflatis,) laeves, rubicundi. FOLIA linear i-lanceolat a, pene avenia, fuperne glabra. STTPU T./ P. vaginantes, ciliatae. SPICUS tenues, parum nutantes, e fingulis geniculis prodeuntes. CALYX : Perianthium quinquepartitum, perfiftens, coloratum, laciniis obtufis concavis,^. 1. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA: Filamenta fex ; Anthers biloculares, albae, intra Corollam. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum aut triangulare; Sty- lus filiformis, apice bifidus aut trifidus ; Stig- mata duo aut tria rotunda, reflexa, fg. 2, 3. SEMEN aut ovato-acutum aut triangulare, caftaneum, magnitudinis fere et formae feminis Polygoni Perlicariae, fg. 4, 5. N. B. Omnes partes fructificationis lente augentur. t ROOT annual, and fibrous. STALKS feveral, about nine inches or a foot high, creeping at bottom, then becoming nearly upright, jointed, (the joints fomewhat thickened,} fmooth, of a reddilh colour. • : LEAVES betwixt linear and lanceolate , fcarcely any ap- ; ; pearance of veins, on thier upper furface fmooth. | STIPULE forming ftieaths round the joints, and ciliated. i; SPIKES flenderand a little drooping, proceeding from each joint of the ftalk. ;• CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five fegments, :: which are obtufe and hollow, fg. 1. ' COROLLA wanting. STAMINA fix Filaments; Anther® bilocular, 1 : and white, within the Corolla. ;; PISTILLUM: Germen oval or triangular; Style L filiform, at top bifid or trifid ; Stigmata two ' ’ or three, round and turned back, fg. 2, 3. ; ; SEEDS oval or triangular, of a chefnut colour, nearly of the fame fize and ftiape as the Polygonum ;; Perficaria, fg. 4» $■ N. B. All the parts of the fru&ification are magnified. If the opportunity of feeing this plant growing wild had ever occured to the celebrated Swedifh Botamft, he would doubtlefs have confidered it as a diftincf fpeci?s ; at prefent he has placed it m the laft edition of hts _ works the Svftma Vegetabilium, as a variety of the Polygonum Perficana, probably nulled by dried fpectmens of the pi . thole who trull to fuch are exceeding -liable to deceive both themfelves and others, particularly in plants whole parts of fruftifi cation (from which it is fometimes neceflary to draw fpecific differences) are very minute thole m the living plants are with difficulty enough diftinguilhed, and in dried lpecimens not to be unmitigated. Whoever has obferved the appearance which the Polygonum minus and Perficana ufually put on, mu - . ft ruck with the great diflimilarhy of the two in their general habits j and if they have taken the pains to examine the they will, I am perfwaded, be convinced that both Mr. Rav and Hudson are juftifiable m Perfmi* in i» fee, growth of its'ftalk Ihape of its leaves, form of its fpikes, and divifion of its Piftillum. In height it feldom exceeds a foot, whereas the Perficana often occuis a yard hig , ftalk of this fpecies creeps at bottom, in the Perficana it never does: it is true in the Perficana, and m Polygonums, a number of little roots pulh themfelves out at the joints, which arc next the ground , but in th as i Ipecte: the walk at bottom is abfolutelv procumbent, whilft in the Perficana it is always upnght ; the leaves are rower, approaching rather to linear than lanceolate, and on their upper furface have much Ms appear no = of veins, than in the Perficana ; the fpikes, inftead of being oval or nearly round, and upright, as m AePirfuz , “ and a little drooping : the Piftillum, which is a part of very great conference lit determining many of the fpecies and i. divided « tooWr ■. while that of the Perficaria is divided halfway down ; hence Hitherto I hove met with ’this plant growing wild no where but in 1 ottnU-Jum, ir ejmmjier .«t it makes ample amends for its fcardty dfewl.cre.bein| found in the greateft abundance in the watry parts of thofe fields, along with the' Sifvmbrium fyhejire in the month of September, when it is. m full bloom. At prefent if docs not appear that it has any thmgmore than tis fcarcity to recommend it to our notice. < f ■■■ Z’ h 7 77 0.1 ’=! ,7‘TTA .1 ISfTMU 3UMO'l UCi ' i f; 7 O A,i : :; :• T 7 77 • o -• ... . - ; ; ■■ • ' • rt}' i .;. 33* rr? * ■ . A. ' “K ill .7 > ggg . i.V. - ■ , i; soocintiin : 1 ;*r> : :OVid Sr ./ •’ !A '• * - : : ' •- : • . . . -F -.fcKfKiaoq , V : ' .’ ■ • ... » ■ +• * • — 1 :• •» . :■ )|m« 1 owi':c hsioufl uo ii a*. Lis .J&ft^aqaifc,- ^ . . . , ,,il . •>!!) ’..Mr!- "t '• ' .i r. ■. Ti-r I i>‘-. bsn'.'I J:: ' j ,7 ■•...• ■ V8 ' ■ J J .. .. i .-.ciainri/rjJi!. u; '/ reus -• -i ..■!{% . •: ... ' .... . i : ..uvlsv also i* • . • 4 , ;i -.v3:d .L.m> «8» ttautt r " 1 . . ; _ .nv ■ : W.-Jft /./'17 Or. : ; j(h - ■ -.-;.v 130 1:7 7 . br— js’/ii'i ' HI ' •■••=... .. v.* Li: ■ • :! art V- • ;t l::i • ; ; -I -• 5f : • - •- 1#i - « ..' * . :;il if ' ^ i- .• f- • : ' Butomus umbellatus. Flowering rush, OR WATER GLADIOLE. BUTOMUS Lintuei Gen. PL Enneandria Hexagynia, Raii Gen. 1 7. Herb.® Multisiliqu® feu Corniculat®. BUTOMUS umbellatus. Lin. Spec, plant. 532. JUNCUS floridus major. Bauhin. pin. p. 12. GLADIOLUS paluftris Cordi Gerard, emac. 29. Raii Synopjis ed. 3. 273. Hudfon. Ft. Angl. 152. Scopoli FI. Cam. ed. 2. p. 283. Halleri hifi.pl. Heh. VoL 2. 8r. RADIX perennis, alba, tuberculofa, tranfverfa, edulis ? | ROOT perennial, white, knobby, tranfverfe eatable ? ex inferiore parte radiculas przelongas dimittens. | from its under fide fending down a great num- | ber of very long fibres. SCAPUS pedalis ad orgyalem, teres, glaber. % t STALK round, fmooth, from one to five or fix feet high, I according to its place of growth. 1 , FOLIA triquetra, fpongiofa , fig. 1. fcapo breviora ; ad $ LEAVES triangular, fpongy, jig. 1. {horter than the balm fpathacea, apicibus compreffis, tortuofis. ftalk, at bottom {heathy, at top flat, and twill- ed. ’ FLORES in Umbella, ad triginta ; pedunculi digitales, e vaginis membranaceis prodeuntes. CALYX. Involucrum triphyllum, foliolis lanceolatis, marcefcentibus. FLOWERS numerous, to thirty, each on a Angle p e . duncle of about a finger’s length, forming an Umbell, furrounded at bottom by withered membranous {heaths. CALYX. An Involucrum of three leaves, fpear lhaped and withered. COROLLA. Petala fex inasqualia, fubrotunda, concava, rofea, Jig. 2, alternis minoribus, acutioribus. fg- 3 - STAMINA. Filamenta novem, fubulata. Jig. 4, 5. Anther® infidentes, dum pollinem involvunt oblongas, rubras, quadrifulcatie, mucrone brevi terminata?, Jig. 6. 7, emiflo polline fubcordata?, comprefla?, bilamellofte, fg. 4. Pollen flavifli- mum. PISTILLUM. Germen fubtriangulare, latere exteriore latiore, convexo, fg. 9. 10. Styli fex fubulati ; fg. 8. Stigma canaliculatum. PERICARPIUM. Capsul® fex, oblonga?, attenuata?, ere&a?, univalves, apice bilabiata?, introrfum dehiscentes, fg. 1 1 . 1 2. SEMINA plurima, minuta, oblonga, fufca, fg. 13. COROLLA. Compofed of fix Petals, which are round- ilh, concave, and mo ft commonly of a bright red ; fg. a. the three exterior fmaller, and more pointed, 3. STAMINA. Nine Filaments tapering, fg. 4. 5. the Anther® fitting on the filaments, before the medding of the Pollen, oblong, reddifli, having four grooves, and terminated by a Ihort point fg. 6. 7 appearing afterwards fomewhat heart lhaped, flat, and as if compofed of two lamella: Jig. 4. the Pollen is of a bright yellow colour* PISTILLUM, the Germen nearly triangular, the outer fide broad and roundilh,^-. 9 . io . fix Styles, tapering, the Stigma has a fmall channel in it which afterwards fpreads into two lips, fg. 11.12. SEED-VESSEL. Six Capsules, oblong, tapering, up- right, of one valve, opening inwards,^. 1 j . 12. SEEDS numerous, fmall, oblong, brown, fig. 13. WE find this {lately Plant in, and by the fides of our watery 'ditches flowering from July to Sebtemhn- A c™ years fmcc it wasifound growing m St. George' s-Vidds but the improvements making®;,, that, and othfr parts' adLe« to London, now oblige us to go farther in tearch of this and many other curious Plants Ahnor rbe rn j • 1 .“£5 Helena, near Deptford, and t£e Marlhes by HSkW, it is found in great abSnce Shoth verv f * other parts of Great-Brhain. Filh-ponds, or other pieces of water, wfuld derive great’ blStXmX intmd V™ 7 * tins elegant native of our Ifle, the handfome appearance of which did not efcapf ou 3Z old Ger^°\ defer, bes ,t thus : “ This Water Gladiole, or Graffy-Rulh, of all others, is tSe faLTan 73 nf,sf ?„^ t “ and ferveth very well for the decking and trimming up of houfes, becaufe of the beautie and braverie^hereof ” ° M ’ That accurate obferver Ray defenbes its nine Stamina, although in his time thev were j ■ ' confequential light which they are in our prefent Syftems ofBotany! it is S onW Phut 1 Enneandria which grows wild in this kingdom. If vegetables were clafled according rn rh ’ 16 C this would rank among thelillies® Cattle dp & eat it.’ it i f“ar™* Tear til Saxifraga granulata. White Saxifrage. SAXIFRAGA Limat Gen. PL Dec andri a Digynia. Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla pentapetala. Capfula biroftris, unilocularis. SAXIFRAGA SAXIFRAGA SAXIFRAGA SAXIFRAGA SAXIFRAGA polyfperma. Raii Syn. Herbae pentapetala vasculifera. granulata foliis caulinis reniformibus lobatis, caule ramofo, radice granulata. Lhn. SjJl. Ve get ab. p. 344* FL Suecic. n. 37-* foliis radicalibus reniformibus,' obtufe dentatis, cauUnis palmatis. Haller- hift. hclv. n. 976. rotundifolia alba. Baubin Pin. 309. alba. Gerard emac. 841. alba vulgaris. ParKnfon 424- Raii Syn. 3 J4- Budfin FL Angi 159. Oedcr. Flor. Ban. 514- RADIX. Fibris hujus radicis glomerarim adnafcuntur | plurimi bulbilli, extus rubefcentes aut flavef- ^ centes, intus albidi, faporis primum adftringen- % tis, poftea amari et ingrati. | t CAULIS plerumque fimplex, pedalis, fubramofus, teres, | hirfutus, prefertim ad bafin, parum foliofus. | ? I FOLTA radicalia petiolis longis, hirfutis, bafi latis infi- | dentia, reniformia, nirfutula, lobata, lobis ob- | tufis ; caulina ficut adfcendunt petiolis breviori- | bus gaudent donec tandem felfilia fiunt, lobi $ foliorum acutiora evadunt, apicibus rufefcenti- | bus. $ i t CALYX’- Perianthium quinquepartitum, hirfutulum, $ fubvifcidum, laciniis ovato-acutis apice rufis, | fig- *• I ■ I COROLLA: Petala quinque alba, patentia, apice | rotundata, bafi anguftiora et venis flaveicentibus ^ notata, Jig. 2. | STAMINA: Filamenta decem fubulata ; Anther® : ovatae, compreflie, infidentes, flavae, biloculares, ;; quorum quinque Pollen primum emittunt, hinc • ■ longiores, fig. 3, 4. PISTILLUM : Germen fufirotundum, inferum, glandu- la faturateviridi cindfum, fig. 7; Styli duo Staminibus breviores, incurvati, fig. 5 ; Stigma concavum, fig. 5, demum expandens, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM : Capsula fubovata, biroftris, bilocu- laris, pallide fufca, fig. 8. SEMINA numerofa, minutiffima, nigra, fig. 9. ROOT. To the fibres of the root of this plant, adhere in clufters a number of fmall bulbs, externally red or yellowifti, internally white, of a tafte at firft aftringent, afterwards bitter and difagreeable. STALK generally fimple, about a foot high, a little branched, round, hirfute particularly at bottom, furniftied with but few leaves. LEAVES which grows next the root placed on long hairy foot-ftalks with a broad bafe, kidney-fhaped, flightly hairy, divided into obtufe lobes, thofe of the fialk, as they afcend, are furniftied with fliorter foot-ftalks, ’till they gradually become feflile, the lobes more acute, and the tips of a reddilh colour. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five fegments, hirlute and fomewhat vifcid, the laciniae of an oval pointed fhape, and red at the tips, fig. 1. COROLLA : five Petals, white, fpreading, round at top, at bottom narrower, and ftriped with yellowifti veins, fig. 2. STAMINA : ten Filaments tapering ; Anther.® oval, flat, fitting on the Filaments, yellow, bilocu- lar, five of them filed the Pollen firft, hence they become longer than the others, fig. 3, 4. PISTILLUM : Germen roundifti, placed below the Calyx, furrounded by a gland of a deep green colour, fig. 7 ; Styles, two, fhorter than the Stamina, bending inward, fig. 5 ; Stigma hol- low, fig. 5, finally expanding, fig. 6 . SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule of a fhape fomewhat oval, and pale brown colour, having two beaks or horns, and two cavities, fig. 8 I SEEDS numerous, very minute, and black, fig. 9. THE Root of this fpecies of Saxifrage , by means of which it is chiefly propagated, affords the young Botanift a very good example of the Radix granulata, being compofed of a number of little grains or bulbs, connected together in clufters by the fibres ; fiome of thefe bulbs are folid and entire, not unaptly refembling in fhape the bulbs of Onions ; others fpread open at top, and fccm to be compofed of a number of fquamulte or lefler bulbs, thefe are often of a bright red colour : the upper part of the ftalk, the foot-ftalks of the flowers, and calyx, are covered with a kind of hairs,, which terminate in a vifcid globule, and which feem to accompany moft of the plants of this Genus. The two Styles, which at firft are fliort, with a hollow Stigma, fig. 5, quickly grow much longer ; the Stigmata fpread open, fo that they refemble in forne degree a pair of tea-tongs, fig. 6. This plant does not occur fo frequently with us as many others : according to Mr. Hudson, it is common about JVandpvoorth ; I have frequently gathered it in the fields about Peck ham, and lately have found it in great abundance much nearer town, viz. in the fields called Lock-fields , on the right hand fide of Kent-fireet Road, at the back, of, and contiguous to Mr. Driver’s Nurfery Gardens : it delights to grow in dry paftures which have a gravelly bottom ; flowers in May, and produces its feeds in the- month following. When double, it ferves, with many other Britifti plants, to ornament the gardens of the curious. Like many other plants, this leems to owe what little importance it has in medicine to the doctrine of fignaturcs, which has moft unphilofophically introduced a number of plants into our Materia Medica. As the root bore fo great a refemblance to little ftones, it was concluded it muft be efficacious in the ftone and gravel, for which difeafes it has been recommended, but there are no accounts of its fuccefs to be depended on. If it does poflefs any medical virtue, it fliould appear from the tafte of the root to’ be that of an aftringent. , Jp tiran/i/afri ¥ .-as*. Sedum album. White-flowered SiOnecrop. SEDUM Linxi Gen. PI. Decandria Pentagynia. Cul. 5 fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Squamee neftariferse J, ad bafm germinis. Caps. 5. Raii Syn. Gen. 17. Herbas multisieiou.e seu corniculate. SEDUM album foliis oblongis obtufis teretiufculis feffilibus patentibus, cyma ramofa. Lim. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 359. Sp. PI. p. 6 19. FI. Suecic. 1 53. SEDUM caule glabro, foliis teretibus ; umbellis ramofis ; floribus petiolatis. Haller hijl. heh. n. 959. SEDUM album. Scopoli FI. Carn. p. 324. SEDUM minus teretifolium album. Bauhin. p. 283. SEDUM minus officinarum. Gerard emac. 512. VERMICULARIS five craffula minor vulgaris. Parkinfm 734. Raii Syn. 271. Hudfon FI. Angi p. iyi. Oeder. FI. Dan. Icon. 66. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. | CAULES flexuofe fuper muros repent, dein eriguntur, | triunciales circiter, foliofi, rubri. | i FOLIA feflilia, oblonga et fere cylindracea, obtufa, non | admodum conferta, patentia, carnofa, glabra, $ faspius rubicunda. | INFLORESCENTIA : Flores petiolati, in Cymam ra- | mofam confertam difpofiti. | ¥ C AT. VX : Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis brevi- | bus, obtufis, fg. i. | t COROLLA : Petala quinque alba, acuminata, linea | longitudinali rubra fiepius notata, fg. z. ^ ? I NECTARIUM glandula minima fquamiformis ad bafin ¥ finguli Germinis, fg. 6. | STAMINA: Filamenta decem alba, fg. z, 3; An- $ thera: rubras. | I PISTILLUM : Germina quinque, in Stylos totidem ¥ acuminatos delinentia ; Stigmata fimplicia, | fg- 4, 5- t t PERICARPIUM : Capsula: quinque minimae acumi- | natae introrfum dehifcentes, fg. 7. ? SEMINA parva, oblonga, fg. 8. ROOT perennial and fibrous. STALKS creep on the walls in a crooked form, then. grow upright, about three inches high, leafy, and red. LEAVES feflile, oblong and almofl: cylindrical, obtufe, but thinly placed on the ftalk, fpreading, fleflry, fmooth, and generally of a reddiih colour. INFLORESCENCE : Flowers ftanding on foot-ftalks, and difpofed in a thick branched Cyma. CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves, which are fhort and obtufe, fg. 1 . COROLLA : five white Petals, acuminated and gene- rally marked with a longitudinal red ftreak, fg- 2. NECTARY a very minute fquamiform gland at the bafe of each of the Germina, fg. 6 . STAMINA: ten white Filaments, fg. 2, 3; An- ther a: deep red. PISTILLUM : five Germina, terminating in fo many acuminated Styles ; the Stigmata fimple, fig- 4, 5- SEED-VESSEL: five fmall acuminated Capsules, opening inwardly, fg. 7. SEEDS fmall and oblong, fg. 8. The Sedum album may be confidered with us as rather a fcarce plant ; it is found here and there on the Walls about Town, particularly on the Chapel-wall in Kentf-I’o'wn, where it has grown for many years ; alfo upon a Wall on the left-hand fide leading from Bromley to Bromley -Hall , in Mlddlefex. It has been thought to poflefs fufficient beauty to recommend it as a garden plant, and is accordingly, with very little trouble, cultivated in many of the gardens of the curious, nothing more being necefl'ary than placing it in a pot filled with gravel or mould : in fuch a fituation it will grow, flourifh, and propagate itfelf very faft. It has been called album from the colour of its flowers, which generally however have a tinge of red in them. It flowers in July. The round and oblong fhape of its leaves readily diflinguiflies it from our other Stonecrops. Haller informs us that it poflefles all the virtues of the large Houfcleek, and that he has ufed the juice of it in uterine haemorrhages, but does not inform us with what fuccefs. By way of cataplafm it is applied to the piles when in a painful firate, and is faid to have fometimes been made the fame ufe of in cancers with fuccefs. By fome it is eaten as a pickle. ' - vi :-i ' 4 i.’JXVj ; am:'!,' ; .;o:j%z . . *_Hy •' ' • ' v • • .t” \ .'.' -'v V» . - ... ,r. ‘‘■i ■ . i : 2- . . ...» \ i S-f - ... • : il ■ ■ ' ■ • ' ' • ‘ " " I i! i. yj • " ,'r!i • •*} . . I» . : . "• . . „ -m ■ ■ Sedum Acre. Common yellow Stonecrop, or Wall-Pepper. SEDUM. Linruei Gen. PI. Decandria Pentagynia. Rati Synopjis Gen. i 7. Herbae multisiliqua: seu corniculatae. SEDUM acre foliis fubovatis, adnato-feflilibus, gibbis, ere&iufculis, alternis ; cyma trifida. Lin. Syfl. Veget ab. p. 359. FI. Suecic. p. 153. SEDUM foliis conicis confertis, caulibus ramofis, fummis trifidis. Haller, hijl. v. 1 . n. 966. SEMPERVIVUM minus vermiculatum acre. Bauhin. pin. 283. VERMICULARIS feu Illecebra minor acris. Ger.emac. 517. ILLECEBRA minor feu Sedum tertium Diofcoridis. Parkinfon 735. Raii Synop. 270. Hudfon. FI. Angi. p. 171. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. CAULES numerofi, CEefpitofi, ramofiffimi, palmares, ad bafin repentes, dein eredti, teretes, foliofiffimi. FOLIA alterna, conferta, imbricata, fuberedta, adnato- feffilia, ovata, obtufa, brevia, carnofa, margine paululum comprefla, glabra, fapore acri. fg. 1 . FLORES feffiles, lutei, in Cymas fubtrifidas difpofiti. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, perfiftens, laciniis craffis obtufiufculis, fg. 2. COROLLA: Petala quinque lanceolato-acuminata, plana, patentia, Calyce duplo longiora, fg. 3. NECTARIUM: Squamula minima, alba, ad bafin, Unguli germinis extrorfum pofita,j 5 r. 7. STAMINA : Filamenta decem fubulata, longitudine Corollas. An therae flavas, fg. 4. PISTILLUM : Germina quinque oblonga, flava, in Stylos acuminatos definentia. Stigmata fimplicia, fg. 6. PERICx^RPIUM : Capsulae quinque patentes, acumi- natae, compreflas, longitudinaliter futura intror- fum dehifcentes, fg. 8. SEMINA minima, ovata, rufa, fg. 9. ¥ ROOT perennial, and fibrous. ¥ I STALKS numerous, growing in tufts, very much ¥ branched, three inches high, creeping at their I bafe, but afterwards growing upright, round, $ and very leafy. 1 I LEAVES alternate, growing very thick together, and ¥ laying one over another, nearly upright, grow- | ing to the flalk, oval, blunt, fhort, flefhy, flat- $ tened a little at the edges, fmooth, and of a very biting tafe, fg. 1 . ¥ ¥ FLOWERS feffile, yellow, growing in Cymae fbme- ¥ what trifid. ¥ ¥ ..... ¥ CALYX : a Perianthium divided into five fegments, ¥ and continuing, the fegments thick and I bluntifh, fg. 2. COROLLA : compofed of five long-pointed Petals which are flat, fpreading, and twice the length of the Calyx, fg. 3. NECTARY : a very minute fcale or gland placed ex- ternally at the bottom of each Germen,^. 7. STAMINA: ten Filaments, tapering, the length of the Corolla, the Antherae yellow, fg. 4. PISTILLUM: five Germina, oblong, yellow, termi- nating in five long-pointed Styles. The Stig- mata fimple, 6. SEED-VESSEL : five Capsules, fpreading, long- pointed, flat, opening internally by a longitu- dinal future, fg. 8. SEEDS very minute, oval, and reddifh brown, fg. 9. According to the account which fome medical Writers give of this Plant it appears to poffefs confiderable virtues, while others, from the durability of its acrimony, and the violence of its operation, have thought it fcarce fafe to be adminiftered. Chewed in the mouth it has a very hot and biting tafte, whence its name of JVall-Pepper. Applied to the fkin it excoriates and exulcerates it, taken internally it proves emetic and diuretic. The Difeafes in which it has been chiefly recommended are the Scurvy and Dropfy, in both of which, according to Linnasus, it is an excellent remedy ; and fome inftances are brought of the efficacy of its juice in Cancers, but thefe perhaps, fland in need of farther confirmation. It grows very common on Houfes, Walls, and gravelly Banks, and flowers in June ; it continues but a fhort time in bloflom, but while it lafts its lively yellow colour gives a very pretty appearance to thofe Houfes and Walls which are covered with it. Lychnis Flos Cuculi. Meadow Lychnis, LYCHNIS Limuei Gen. PL Decandria Pentagynia. Ran Synopjis Gem 24. Herba: pfntapetalte vasculifer.e. LYCHNIS Flos Cuculi petalis quadrifidis fruftu fubrotundo. Lin. Syfi. Vegetab. p. 361. Sp. PL 62$. LYCHNIS petalis quadrifidis. Haller, hifi. v. u n. 921. CARYOPYLLUS pratenfis, laciniato flore fimplici, five Flos cuculi. Bauhim pint 215* LYCHNIS plumaria fylveftris fimplex. Parkinfon. par ad. 253. ARMERIUS pratenfis mas et foemina. Gerard. Emac. 600. Rail Synop. ei. 3. 33S. Hudfon. FI. Angl. 174. OeJer. Plor. Ban. tat. 59 6. Scopdi. FI CarnioL ed. 2. p. 31 u RADIX perennis, fibrofa, ex albido fufca, faporis fub- acris. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, ereftus, fulcato-angula- tus, articulatus, geniculi tumidi, fcabriufculus,- purpurafcens. FOLIA Caulis, oppofita, connata, lanceolata, carina- ta, fuberedta, laevia. X ROOT perennial, fibrous, of a brownifh white colour, 1 and fomewhat biting tafte. STALK from one to three feet high, upright, fome- what angular and grooved, jointed, the joints fwelled, roughifh, and of a purplifh colour. [ LEAVES of the Stalk oppofite, connate, lanceolate, the midrib prominent underneath, upright and fmooth. .PEDUNCULI oppofiti, plerumque unico intermedio. | PEDUNCLES oppofite, one generally intermediate. CALYX : Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum quinquedentatum, decangulatum, purpureum, perfiftens. fig '. 1 . COROLLA Petala quinque, unguis longitudine caly- cis, fig. 2. limbus quadrifidus, laciniis exteri- oribus brevioribus, et anguftioribus, fig. 4 ad bafin limbi laminse duas eredtas acutze. fig. 3] ; STAMINA: Filamenta decem, fubulata, quorum quinque breviora, fig. 5, brevioribus ungui peta- lorum affixis, fig. 6 . Anther m oblongas, bilo- culares, fig. y. incumbentes, purpurafeentes. PISTILLUM Germen fubovatum, fig. 8. Styli quin- que fubulati, fubincurvati, fig. 10. Stigmata fimplicia. fig. 10. PE&ICARPIUM Capsula ovata, unilocularis, ore quinquedentato , dentibus rtfiexis. fig. 9. SEMINA numerofa, fubcomprefla, fcabriufcula, ex ci- nereo-fufea. fig. 11. 12. : CALYX a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, quinque- dentate, having ten angles, or ridges, and of a deep purple colour. COROLLA : five petals, the claw the length of the Calyx, fig. 2. the limb divided into four laci- nias, the exterior fhorteft and narroweft, fig. 4. at the bottom of the limb are placed two fmall upright laminas, fig. 3. STAMINA : ten Filaments, tapering, five long and £ five fhort, fig. 5. the fhorter filaments affixed to the claw of each petal, fig. 6. the Antherje oblong, bilocular, fig. 7. laying acrofs the fila- I ments, and of a purplifh hue. ? PISTILLUM: the Germen fomewhat oval, fig. 8. five 4 StVI. 17.51 tanprmn* onrl j nir o UffL : ..... 1 . Styles tapering and bending a little inward* fig. io. Stigmata fimple. fig. 10. I SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule, oval, of one cavity, the mouth having five teeth which turn back. fig. 9. [ SEEDS numerous, flattifh, rough, and of a brown afh f colour, fig. 11. 12. A variety of names hath been given to this Plant, as Meadow Pink, Cuckow Flower, Wild Williams, Ra ■ *‘ : r ' . ■ . ; ') •\ ••A’'. ••••* 5 •••;■ • !1 ° .. . .... kVAl'S. !.n;. !;v.^ ■><. - ' .. ' .. «■•. . ..«ii?» ■ i .;i<- ivi ‘ U’.Si =:*.?! »bi rtfft a ■ ' ii i.. .1 .• • •' ■ i.l • • • • t I .It ■ • i: . li ’ • ■ ... 'i .ii; r t-V I • . iM - Tf 3iij - ■~r-' -liifuV..-.-: . ; • ,•.»*' ; •::* •. -id; • : i , ■ ' -j noi-inntrr;;. ' j ~in.J rictui; f iisift dijWi 3::i i. vi. »• ; Euphorbia Peplus. Small garden Spurge. EUPHORBIA Llmuei Gen. PL Dodecandria Trigynia. Rat; Syn. Gen. 22. Herb* vascolifer* eeore tetrapetalo anomal*. EUPHORBIA ( Peplus ) umbella trifida, dichotoma, involucellis ovatis, foliis integerrimis obovatis pe TITHYMALUs'”fol^^Sndit fibulis' flmtutascmdatisfobtufis, petalis argute corniculatis. Haller. hijt. vol. 2. p. 9. n. 1049. , PEPLUS five Elula rotunda. Bauhin pin. 292. Parhnfon. Gerard, emac. 503. TITHYMALUS parvus annuus, foliis fubrotundis non crenatis. Peplus diCtus. Ran Syn. p. 313. n. 9. Petty Spurge. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 182. RADIX annua, lignofa-, fimplex, fibrola, albida.. CAULIS, fu be rectus, dodrantalis, teres, glaber, rarno- fus, ball durior, tenuior, fu br uber, foliolus, lactifluus» RAMI pauei, fparfi, inferioribus longioribus oppofitis. UMBELLA trifida, 'dichotoma. FOLIA obovata, petiolata, integerrima, fparfa, obtufius- cula-, inferioribus fubrotundis. STIPULAE umbella tres, ovato-aeuCze, petiolis brevibus infidentes, umbel lui a alterne oppofitae, fefliles, eordato-ovata;, inasquales, integferrimas, baii qua tendit germen quad excavatae- CALYX ventricofus, perfidens. fg. 1- C OR OLLA nulla. NECTARIA quatuor bicorniculata , fg. z. STAMINA plerumque duo, aut tria, vifibilia, exferta : Anther.® didymae, fubrotundae, fg. g. PISTILLUM: Germen pedunculatum, nutans, tri- angulare, angulis longitudinaliter fulcatis, fg. 4, 6: Stigmata tria, apice bifida, fg. 5. PERICARPIUM : Capsula tricocca, trilocularis, tii- valvis, valvulis lsevibus, et dum adhuc virides- diffidentibus,,^. 6. SEMEN unicum in fingulo loculamento, ovatum, ca- num, alveolatum, appendiculatum, fig^. 7. N. B. Omnes partes Ludificationis lente augentur. -■ ROOT annual, woody, Ample, fibrous and whitiffi. STALK generally upright, about nine inches high, round, fmooth, and branched ; at bottom har- der, more Lender, and of a reddilh colour, leafy and milky. BRANCHES few, not growing in any regular order, the lower ones longed: and oppofite. UMBEL fird trifid, then dichotomous. LEAVES fomewhat oval, but narrowed: towards the bafe, having foot-ftalks, entire at the edges, placed in no regular order, fomewhat blunt, the lowermod leaves almod round. STIPULAE of the large umbel three in number, oval and' pointed, placed on very fhort foot-dalks : of the fmall umbel alternately oppofite, feffile, of an heart-fhaped-oval form, unequal, and entire, at bottom on that fide to which the Germen tends as if cut away. CALYX bellying out and continuing, fig. 1. COROLLA wanting. NECTARIES four, each having two little horns, fig.2: STAMINA feldom more than two or three, which are vifible, and placed without the Calyx : Anthe- tue two on each filament joined together, of a roundifh figure, fg. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen placed on a foot-dalk, hang- ing down, triangular, the angles longitudinally grooved, fig. 4, 6: Stigmata three, bifid at top, fg. 5. SEED-VESSEL : a Capsule of three cavities, and three valves, the valves protuberant, fmooth, and fplitting with a kind ofelafticity even while they are of a green colour, fg. 6 . SEED one in each cavity, oval, grey, with numerous de- prejfwns on its fur face, and a little white button at one end, fg. 7. N. B. All the parts of fr unification- are magnified. MANY of the Spurges confid’erably referable one another, and two of them that have this affinity, grow fre- quently together in Gardens, viz. the prelent Spurge, Euphorbia Peplus, and the Sun Spurge, Euphorbia Heliofeopia ; they may be diftiuguifhed however by the flighted attention. I11 the Heliofeopia the leaves are notched or ferrated at the edges, in the Peplus they are entire, in the Heliofeopia the Petals or rather NeCtaria are round and entire, in the Peplus each is furnifhed with two little horns, fg. 2 ; there are other marks of didindtion butthefeare the moddriking. This fpecies grows in Gardens and other cultivated ground, and dowers in Autumn. The milky fluid which it abounds with, is by forne applied to Warts, which it is faid to dedroy. Mod if not all the plants of this Genus contain in them this milky and gummy fubdance, which to the tade is ex- ceedingly acrid; and this laCtiftuous- property, joined to the peculiarity of its parts of fr unification, point out almod at fird light this natural family of plants. But the botanic Student who would invedigate this fpecies according to the principles of the Linnaean Sydem, not having thefe charadteridics- to affid him, finds a conliderable difficulty fn learning even the Clafs to which it belongs, nor is it poffible for him to afeertain the Clafs by an examination of this or fcarce any other Englidi Spurge : the Stamina in the fird place are very minute, it is feldom that more than two or three protrude beyond the Calyx, all the red lye concealed within it, they feldom amount to twelve in number, and even if they did amount to that exaCt number, their minutenefs and the milky juice which flows from the defec- tion, render the enumeration of them fcarce practicable. The Student may however in a great degree furmount this difficulty, by an examination oflome plant of this genus, which is larger in every refpedt, and the Euphorbia Lathyris improperly called the Caper Free, ( which is cultivated in many Gardens) will afford him a very good example, and tend to give him a clear idea of the dower and fruit of this lingular genus of plants. I would not be thought on account of this difficulty to inveigh againd Linnjeus’s Sydem, being fenfible that difficulties occur, and mud occur in all botanic arrangements, and indead of feleCting faults infeparable from every mode of claffification, (which feems to have been a favourite amufement of fome Authors, and forms indeed the greated part of their writings) I would ufe every endeavour to make it more perfeCt. It is too much the falhion now, as well as formerly, for every Botanid as foon as he thinks he has fome pretenfions to eminence, to fet about the arduous talk of framing a new Sydem ; he may by this meys give the public fome' idea of his felf-confequence, and be inrolled in the Catalogue of Sydem-makers, but not one jot will he advance the fcience of Botany. It is to be regretted that Botanids will not be contented with a Sydem, a proof of whole fupe- riority is the almod general reception it has met with throughout Europe, and unite in their endeavours to render that Sydem more compleat, by giving us an accurate account of the hidory of thofe plants not already given, then- virtues and ufes; this appears to me to be the true method of advancing this delightful Science, and making it ufe- full to Mankind. When one Sydem of Botany is generally followed as is nearly the cafe at prefent, Botanids in different kingdoms perfeftly underdand each others language, but when each adopts a feperate one, (which is frequently dictated by Pride or Caprice) all becomes Babel ; and every one who wiihes to acquire a knowledge of the plants treated of, mud at conliderable expence both of time and labour, acquire fird the Authors new- created Sydem-language, a tax which it is hoped every true Botanid will unite to oppofe. ' ... " - , ' ' , . - 3 ' ' - • - •• -■ . ■ • • . . r :*-• : v - . 't ; 1 ■: * - • •: - - - •: . .. rr ■ ..-.v \y : ' ■ ’ 7:' ,7-^ • • ' rr' . . L ., ... . . ... ■ ) : . :••• •/ ; ni : : ■ sw . i. ft /• .\ - .-ii , 5 aC-:. : ' ''' ■ •' Euphorbia Helioscopia. Sun Spurge OR Wart- Wort. EUPHORBIA Limaei Gen. PI. Dodecandria Trigynia. Cor. 4-f. 5-petaIa, calyci hidden. s. Cat. i-phyllus, ventricofus. Capf. 3 -cocca. Rail Syn. Gen. 22. Herba: vasculifera:, flore tetrapetalo anomala. EUPHORBIA umbella quinquefida : tridda : dichotoma, involucellis obovatis, foliis cuneiformibus ferra- tis. Linn. Syjl. Vegetal, p. 377. Sp. Plant. 658. FI. Suecic. p. 162. TITHYMALUS foliis petiolatis, fubrotundis, ferratis, Ripulis rotundis, ferratis. Halter hifl. v. 2. p. 10. n. 1050. TITHYMALUS heliofcopius. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 337. n. 579: TITHYMALUS heliofcopius. Bauhin Pin. 291. Gerard emac. 458. Parkinfen. 189. TITHYMALUS heliofcopius dvefolifequus. I. B. 3. 669. Rati Syn. 313. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 183. RADIX dmplejc, dbrofa, annua. CAULIS ereCtus, teres, pilofus, inferne brachiatus, brachiis oppodtis. FOLIA fparfa, pauca, glabra, ferrata, cuneiformia, in- feriora petiolata, fuperiora feflilia. UMBELLA quinquedda, tridda, dichotoma, patens, fafligiata. STIPULAE minute ferratae, glabrae, Umbella: quinque, obovatae, horizontdes, a:quales, Umbellula tres, ovatae, ina:quales, interiore duplo minore, quae fequuntur mucrone terminatae. CALYX fubventricofus, flavefcens, fg. 1. COROLLA nulla. NECTARIA quatuor, fubrotunda, nuda, fig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta duo, tria, aut plura, vifi- bilia, exferta; Anthera: flavae, biloculares, loculis fubrotundis, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen pedunculatum, fubrotundum, nutans ; Stigmata tria, apice bifida, 4, 5. PERICARPIUM : Capsula tricocca, trilocularis, tri- valvis, fig. 6. SEMEN unicum in Angulo loculamento, ovatum, rugo- fum ex purpureo fufcum, fig. 7. ROOT Ample, flbrous, annual. STALK upright, round, {lightly hairy, below branch- ed, the branches oppodte. LEAVES growing in no regular order, few, fmooth, ferrated, and wedge-lhaped, the lower ones (landing on foot-ftalks, the upper ones feflile. UMBELL dividing into flve, next three, then two, fpreading, of an equal height at top. STIPULAE minutely ferrated and fmooth, thofeofthe Umbell flve, fomewhat oval, fpreading hori- zontally, and equal ; thofe of the fmaller Um- bell three, oval, unequal, the interior one twice as fmall as the others; thofe which follow terminating in a point. CALYX fomewhat fwelled, of a yellowifh colour, fig- »• COROLLA wanting. I NECTARIA four, roundifh and naked, fig. 2. I STAMINA : two, three, or more Filaments, viflble beyond the Calyx ; Anthera: yellow, bilocu- | lar, the cavities containing the Pollen roundifh, l *• * I PISTILLUM : Germen placed on a foot-fjalk, round- $ ilh, hanging down; Stigmata three, bifid at top, fig. 4, 5. ? I SEED-VESSEL a Capsule of three protuberating I valves, and three cavities,^-. 6. t I SEEDS one in each cavity, oval, wrinkled, of a purp- % lilh brown colour, fig. 7. IN (peaking of the _ Euphorbia Peplus, I had occadon to take notice of the difficulty which Students in Bo- tany find in invefligating the Clafs and Order of this Genus, and endeavoured to make it eafier to them : in this plant the parts of the fructification are (bmewhat larger ; and it differs from the other Spurges in having its leaves finely ferrated. In its acrimonious quality it is inferior to none ; hence it has often been applied fo Warts for the purpofe of deftroying them ; but even in this cafe, great care (hould be ufed in its applica- tion. My friend Mr. William Wavell lately informed me of a cafe which fell under his notice in the °f Wight, where from the application of the juice of this Spurge to fome Warts near the eye of a little girl, the whole face became inflamed to a very great degree. It is very common in gardens and cultivated ground, flowering in Autumn. PoTENTILLA REPTANS. COMMON CINQUEFOIL or FIVE LEAVED GrASS. POTENTILLA Linnai Gen. PI. Icosandria Polygynia: Rati Gen. 15. Herba; semine nudo polyspermy. POTENTILLA reptans foliis quinatis, caule repente, pedunculis unifloris. Liti: Syfi. Vegetab. p. 398. FI. Suecic. p. 178. PR AGAR IA foliis quinatis ferratis, petiolis unifloris, caule reptante. Haller hifi. v. 2. p. 47. QUINQUEFOLIUM majus repens. Bauhin pin. p. 325. Gerard emac. 987. PENTAPHYLLUM vulgatiffimum Parkinfon 398. Rail Syn. p. 255. POTENTILLA reptans. Hudfon. FI. Angi. p. 197. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 361 RADIX perennis, fufiformis, paucis fibrillis inftru&a, | ROOT perennial, tapering, furniffied with few fibres, intra terram profunde penetrans, craffitie digiti | penetrating deeply into the earth, the fize of minimi aut pollicis etiam in annofis, externe | the little finger, or even of the thumb when fordide caftanea. | old, externally of a dark chefnut colour. CAULES numerofi, teretes, glabri, repentes, purpurei. | STALKS numerous, round, fmooth, and creeping. FOLIA quinata, etiam feptena occurrunt, ferrata, venofa, | LEAVES quinate, or growing five together, fometimes inaequalia, parum hirfuta, petiolis longis infi- * even feven, lerrated, veiny, unequal in their dentia, per paria e geniculis caulium ad magna | fize, flightly hairy, fitting on long footftalks, intervalla prodeuntia. | which proceed in pairs from the joints of the I ftalks at confiderable diftances. STIPULAE geminae, trifoliate, foliolis ovatis. | STIPUL/E growing in pairs, compofed of three oval- | Ihaped leaves. PETIOLI uniflori, longi, fuberecti. | FOOT-STALKS of the flowers uniflorous, long, and I nearly upright. CALYX: Peri anthium monophyllum, planiufculum, | CALYX: a Peri an thium of one leaf, flattilh, divided decemfidum, laciniis alternis minoribus, fiepe % into ten fegments, the fegments alternately reflexis, fig. 3, 4, 5. | lmaller and frequently turned back, j!rg-. 3. 4. 5. & COROL 1 A : Petala quinque, fubrotundo-cordata, f COROLLA : five Petals of a roundifli heart-Ihaped flava, unguibus calyci inferta, fig. 6. figure, and yellow colour, inferted into the Ca- lyx by their Ungues or claws, fig. 6. STAMINA: Filamenta viginti, fubulata, Corolla bre- viora, margini interiori glandulofa? calycis in- ferta, in duas feries diftributa ; Anthera oblonga?, compreflae, flava?, biloculares, locula; membrana divifie, infidentes, fig. 7, 8. PISTILLUM: Germina numerofa, in capitulum col- le£ta ; Styli filiformes filamentis breviores, la- teri Germinis inferti, perfiftentes ; Stigmata minima, obtufa, fig. 9, 10. SEMINA numerofa, parva, fufca, Itylo perfiltente ter- minata, fig. 11, 12. STAMINA twenty Filaments tapering : Ihorter tftan the Corolla, inferted into the inner edge of the Calyx, which puts on a glandular appearance, and placed in two rows ; Anthers oblong, flat, bilocular, the bags or cavities divided by a membrane, fitting on the filaments, 7, 8. PISTILLUM: the Germina numerous, collefted into a little head ; the Styles filiform, Ihorter than the filaments, inferted into the fide of the Ger- men and continuing; the Stigmata very Imall and blunt, fig. 9, 10. SEEDS numerous, fmall, brown and terminated by the Style, fig. 11, 12. The Roots of Cinquefoil and many other plants of the Clafs Icofandria, poflefs confiderable virtues as aftringent medicines, and may be ufed in the fame Cafes in which Bijlort is recommended. It has likewife been ufed in fome places for the purpofe of tanning Leather where better materials for that purpofe are with difficulty acquired. A Tea or infufion of the leaves is in ufe among the Country People as a drink in Fevers. Moll forts of Cattle are fond of the leaves, but it does not appear to be a plant worth cultivating on that account. The Larva or Caterpillar of the Phahena Ri/bi, vid. Roefel, Suppl. tab. 69, Albin tab. 81, feeds on the leaves m Autumn, although a plant to which that Infedt is by no means confined. It grows very common in meadows and on banks by the road fides, and flowers in July, Auguft, and September. It affords the botanic Student a very good example of the Caulis repens or Creeping Stalk. Ranunculus bulbosus. Round-rooted or Bulbous Crowfoot. RANUNCULUS Linmei Gen. Pi. Polyandria Polygynia. Rail Syn: Gen. 15. Herbie semine nudo polyspermy. RANUNCULUS bulbofus, calycibus retroflexis, pedunculis fulcatis, caule eredto multifloro, foliis compofitis. Linnai Syfi. Vegetab. p. 430. Sp. Pl. 778. FI. Suecic. 196. RANUNCULUS radice fubglobofa, foliis hirfutis, femitrilobis, lobis petiolatis acute ferratis. Haller, hifi. V: 2. p. 74. RANUNCULUS Scopoli F l. Carni v. I . p. 400. Diagn. Radix globofa. Calyces reflexi. Squamula nec- tarifera obtufe trigona^ RANUNCULUS pratenfis radice verticilli modo rotunda. Bauhin. pin. 179. Fufchii Icon. 160.' Gerard \ emaC* 953. Parkinfon 329. Rail Synop. 247. HudfonFl. Angi. 21 1. FI. D an. Icon. 551. RADIX perennis* ftibrotunda, albida, folida, fliperne et inferne depreffior, hinc radicem Rap« quodam- modo referens. CAULIS pedalis, teres, eredlus , fiftulofus, hirfutus, ra- mofus. FOLIA radicalia petiolis longis, hirfutis, ball vaginan- tibus infidentia, fubprocumbentia, hirfuta, ve- nofa, trilobata, lobo medio majori et longius petiolato, femitrifido, fegmentis acute incilis ; lobis lateralibus trifidis, -legmentis inferioribus profundius divifis ; caulina lubfeffilia in lacinias plures tenuiores divila. PEDUNCULI fulcati. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis ova- tis, concavis, reflexis ,, pilofis, apice obtufiufcu- lis, margine membranaceis, bafi Jubpellucidis, fg- ■■ . . . COROLLA Petala quinque obcordata, flava, nitentia, fig- 2. NECTARIUM: fquamula flava fubemarginata ad bafin petali fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta plurima, receptaculo inferta ; Anther Y oblongas, flavas, fubincurvatx, Jig 4. PISTILLUM : Germina numerofa in capitulum collec- ta; Styli nulli; Stigmata minima reflexa, fig- 5- SEMINA plurima comptefla, fufca, mucronata. Levia, arillata, Jig. 6. Fig. 7, Arillus, Jig. 8, femen denudatum. ? ROOT perennial, roundifh, white and folid, flattened a I little both at top and bottom, hence lomewhat ¥ refembling a Turnep. I STALK a foot high, round, upright, hollow, hairy and I branched. I LEAVES : the radical leaves placed on long hairy foot- | ftalks, which at bottom embrace the {talk, ¥ fomewhat procumbent, hairy, veiny, and di- I vided into three lobes ; the mid-lobe largeft and * placed 011 a longer foot-ftalk than the others, ¥ divided half way down into three fegments I which are {harply cut in ; the fide-lobes trifid, ¥ the lower fegments more deeply divided than the others ; the leaves of the Jlalk nearly feffile, I deeply divided into numerous and narrower feg- ¥ ments. I FOOT-STALKS of the flowers grooved. ¥ CALYX : a Perianthium of five leaves, the leaves oval, hollow, turned back and hairy, bluntilh at I top, membranous at the edges, thin and fiome- ¥ what tranjparent at bottom, Jig. 1 . I COROLLA : five Petals, heart-lhaped, yellow, and f fliining. Jig. 2. I NECTARY : almall yellow fcale at the bottom of the I petal, with a flight indentation at top, fig.. 3. ¥ STAMINA; Filaments numerous and inferted into I the receptacle ; An T her je oblong, yellow, and I bending a little inwards, fig. 4. ¥ PISTILLUM : Germina numerous^ colle&ed into a I little head; Styles none; Stigmata very ¥ {mail and bending back, fig. 5. I SEEDS numerous, flat, brown, fmooth, pointed, and covered with an Arillus, fig. 6. ¥ Fig. 7, the Arillus,^. 8. the feed taken out of it. THIS Crowfioot has been confidered by fome Authors as the fame Species with the Ranunculus referti, but certainly without any propriety, for there can be no doubt but they are as diftinft as any two fpecies of Ranunculus whatever. It is diftinguiihed from th erepens by feveral peculiarities, the principal of which are, 1 ft, its reflexed calyx, the turning back of which does not depend onany accidental cifcumftances, but folely on its particular ftru&ure ; if it be plucked off, and held up to the light, the lower half of it will appear thin and almoft tranfparent, hence not having a fuffi- cient degree of folidity to fupport itfelf upright, it is refledled downwards ; — adly, the root in this fpecies is round, and folid-, in the repens it is fibrous : and 3dly, (which perhaps maybe Confidered as the moft eflential difference) the flalk of the bulbofus is never known to throw out any Stolones or Creepers , which the repens always does in every foil and fituation This Species blows earlier than either the upright or creeping Crowfoot, and is the fecond flower, which next to the Dandelion covers our meadows and paftures with that delightful yellow* which almoft dazzles the eye of the beholder. Like the reft of the Crowfoots it poflefles the property of inflaming and bliftering the flein, but more particularly the Root, which is faid to raife blifters with lei's pain and more fafety, than Spaniih flies ; and hence where Blifters have been thought necefl’ary, thefe roots have been applied for that purpole, particularly to the Joints in cafes of the Gout. On being kept they loofe their {Emulating quality, and are even eatable when boiled. Hoffman informs us that Beggars make ufe of them to blifter their {kins in order to excite compafiion. The Juice of this herb is faid to be more acrid than that of the Ranunculus fice/eratus, and if applyed to the noftrils it provokes lneezing. Hogs are fond of the roots and will frequently dig them up. It abounds in dry paftures, and flowers in May ; it is cultivated when double as well as the upright meadow Crow- foot, which laft occurs in almoft every Garden, under the name of Fellow Batchelors Buttons. 1 '/ I v . . f * ■ ■ ' ss //////- 1 Ranunculus acris. Upright Meadow Crowfoot. RANUNCULUS Linruei Gen. PI. Polyandria Polygynia. Ran Gen. 15. Herby semine nudo, polyspermy, RANUNCULUS acris calycibus patulis, pedunculis teretibus, foliis tripartito-multifidis, fummis linearibus. Linnai Syjl. Vegetab. p. 430. FI. Suecic. p. 196. RANUNCULUS foliis hirfutis, femitrilobatis, lobis lateralibus bipartitis, foliis caulinis femitrilobis. Baller, hijl. n. 1169. RANUNCULUS pratenfrs ereflus acris. Bauhin. pin. ,78. Gerard, imi. 951. FnrUnfm 329. Rail Sjmp/is, p. 248. Hudfion. FI. Angi. p. 211. Scopoli. FI. Carniol. p. 398. RADIX perennis, e pluribus radiculis albidis conflans. CAULIS bipedalis, ere&us, fiflulofus, teres, fubpilofus, apice ramofus. FOLIA Radicalia petiolis longis eredtis infidentia, tri- partita, lobo medio trifido, lateralibus bilobis, omnibus acute dentatis aut incifis, fubhirfutis, fuperne ad bafin praefertim fiepe purpureis, venis fubtus extantibus. Caulina radicalibus fimilia, in lacinias tenuiores vero divifa et petiolis brevioribus infidentia, tandem linearia, feffilia. Petioli cum vaginis hirfuti. PEDUNCULI teretes. CALYX : Perianthium pentaphyllum, patens, fla- velcens, pilofum, foliolis ovatis, concavis, ob- tufis, margine membranaceis, Jig. 1. COROLLA: Petala quinque flava, nitentia, fubcor- data nunc emarginata, nunc integra, jig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta plurima, apice paululum di- latata,/^-. 5.4. Anthery flava;, fubincurvatze, obtufie, jig. 4. ROOT perennial, confifling of numerous white fibres. STALK generally about two feet high, upright, hollow, round, fomewhat hairy, much branched at top. LEAVES : Radical leaves Handing on long upright foot- flalks, tripartite, the middle lobe trifid, the fide ones bilobous, and all of them fharply indented, flightly hirfute, the upper furface particularly at the bafe frequently of a purple colour, the veins underneath prominent Leaves of the Stalk like the radical leaves, but more finely divided, and handing on fhorter foot- flalks, at top linear and feflile. The foots talks with their fheaths hairy. FOOT-STALKS of the Flowers round. CALYX : a Perianthium of five leaves, fpreading, of a yellow colour and hairy, the leaves oval, con- cave, and membranous at the edges, fig. 1. COROLLA : five Petals, yellow and fhining, nearly heart- In aped, fometimes notched, lometimes entire, jig. 2. STAMINA: Filaments numerous, a little dilated at 5- 4 - Anthery yellow, obtufe, bend- ing a little inward, jig. 4. NECTARIUM : fquamula emarginata, ad bafin petalo- rum, Pg. 3. NECTARY : a fmall fcale, flightly notched the bafe of each Petal, Jig. 3. at top, at PISTILLUM: Germina numerofa, in capitulum col- ledta, Styli nulli; Stigmata reflexa, 6. SEMINA : plurima, fubrotunda, comprefla, fufca, apice reflexa, jig. 7, PISTILLUM : Germina numerous, forming a little head; Styles none, Stigmata reflex, jig. 6. SEEDS numerous, roundifh, flat, of a brown colour, bending back at the tip, fig. 7. thifpronfrtvL R a a vcr n vc!; ^ t ■" f ° me ? c S ree P oifonous . and thc lp=cies above defcribed pofftffe. as pom ble to root out this fpecies from his Meadows that its place may be fupplied with good fvveet grafs. It grows too frequently in mofl of our meadows, and flowers in June and July. J OWD / nd in many parts of the country call this and the other yellow Crowfoots bv the names of Butter-cups and Butter-fiowers, and this name feems to have originated from a fuppofition that the vellnw to thefc plan,s; that this ftouid be the cafe r-bab p £:“i; is - ' - . ■-'I -U-' V : ■ .li. ',l:r I :: 1 ,• .*i:r; oi: :i - . . I e . ■ iy- . -J » ■ ; - . .... * E Caltha palustris. Mars h-M a r i g o l d. CALTHA Linux! Gea. VI. Polyandria Polygynia Cal. o. Petala quinque. Nedaria o. Capful. x plufes polyfpermae. Ran Syn. Herbae multisilicuue seu corniculatae. CALTHA paluftris. Linncei Syjl. Vegetab. p. 432. Flor. Suecic. 198. CALTHA Haller, hjjl. helv. p. 32. n. 1188. POPULAGO paluftris. Scopoli FI. Carniol p. 404. CALTHA paluftris flore fimplici. Bauhin pin 276. POPULAGO. I'ournefort. 1 ’abernamont. CALTHA paluftris vulgaris fimplex. Parkinfon 1213. CALTHA paluftris major. Gerard, ernac. 817. Raii Syn.271. Marlh Marigold. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 214. RADIX perennis, e plurimis fibris, teretibus, majufcu- | lis, albidis, conftans. _ 3 CAULES ex eadem radice nafcuntur plures, fubere&i, | pedales, fiftulofi, pene teretes, glabri, ramofi, | ad bafin purpurei. & FOLIA radicalia petiolata, cordato-reniformia, glabra, | crenata, caulina fubfeffilia, ad apicem acutiora, | et acute crenata. | STIPUL/E fufcas, membranacea, marcefcentes. | RAMI dichotomi, 3 PEDUNCULI uniflori, eredi, fulcati. CALYX nullus. I COROLLA : Petala plerumque quinque, flava, mag- | na, fubrotundo-ovata, plana, patentia, fuperne | non fplendentia, ftg. 1 . & ? STAMINA: Filamenta numerofa, filiformia, Corolla 3 breviora, Antherae oblongas, comp relite, in- | curvatas, flavte, ftg. 2. | PISTILLUM : Germina quinque ad decem, oblonga, | comprefla, ereda; Stvli nulli; Stigmata f fimplicia, ftg. 3. ± PERICARPIUM: Capsulae totidem, acuminatas, pa- i tentes, futura fuperiore dehilcentes, ftg. 4. | SEMINA plurima, fubovata, pulchra, inferne olivacea, | fuperne rufa , ftg. 5. 3 ROOT perennial, confifting of numerous, round, large, white fibres. STALKS : feveral arife from the fame root, almoft up- right, about a foot high, hollow, nearly round, fmooth, branched, and purple at bottom. LEAVES : the radical leaves placed on long foot ftalks, betwixt an heart and kidney lhape, fmooth, Ihining, and notched or crenated ; the leaves of the stalk nearly feffile, more pointed at top, and fharply crenated. STIPULaE brown, membranous and withered. BRANCHES dichotomous. PEDUNCLES fupporting one flower, upright, and grooved. CALYX wanting. COROLLA generally confifts of five large Petals of a roundilh oval lhape and yellow colour, flat, Ipreading, and without anyglofs on the upper fide, ftg, 1. STAMINA: Filaments numerous, filiform, fhorter than the Corolla ; An therae oblong, flat, bend- ing inward, and of a yellow colour, ftg. 2. PISTILLUM : Germina from five to ten, oblong, flattilh, and upright ; Styles none; Stigma- ta Ample, ftg. 3. SEED-VESSEL: fo many Capsules as Germina, pointed, and fpreading, opening at the fuperior future, ftg. 4. SEEDS numerous, fomewhat oval, beautiful!, at bot- tom of an olive, and at top of a reddilh colour. Linnaeus informs us that the Calthn is the firft flower which proclaims the Spring in Lapland , and that it begins to blow about the end of May, with us it ufually flowers in March and April, and laft Spring, 1 775, this plant was found in Bloflom in the month of February, fo remarkably forward was the Spring of that year. It grows in wet Meadows and by the fides of Rivers, where it makes a very noble appearance, and when dou-^ ble, is often cultivated in Gardens, where it will grow very readily if the foil be favourable. In the Country, Children colletft it to ornament their Garlands on May day. I fcarce ever obferved the leaves to be eaten by any animals, but the flowers are often deftroyed by a Ipecies of Chrysomela. Haller fays that it is acrid and cauftic and yet that it is eaten by Cows. The flower Buds are pickled and ufed as Capers. V E R B E N A OFFICINALIS. ERVAIN. "V ERBENA Lin. Gen. PI. DidynAmia Gymnospermia. v _ T Gen. 14. SuFFRUTICES, ET HERBiE VERTICILL A T M. \ ERBENA officinalis, tetrandra, i'picis filiformibus, paniculatis ; foliis multifido -laciniatis, catile foiitario. Lin. Syj. Vegetab. p. 62. foHis tripartitis rugofis, fpicisnudisgraciliffimis Haller, hijl. v. r . p. 06. V ERBENA communis casruleo flore. Bauhin , Pin. 269. mas, feu re£ta et vulgaris. Parkinfon 674. communis Gerard 664. Raii Syn. 236. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 505. ScopoliFl. Carniol. p. 433. lutefcens, fapore fubamaro. RADIX perennis, lignofa, craffitie digiti minimi, raro J ROOT perennial, woody, about the thicknefs of the iSiJ? t erram /™funde penetrans, fibroia, | little finger, feldom larger, running deep into " ta " " U “ I the earth, fibrous, of a yellowifh colour, and ajtttuc , , , I . . . . flightly bitter tafte. CAULES plerumque plures ex eadem radice, erefti, pe- $ STALKS: in general feveral arife from the fame root dales aut bipedales, quadrangulares, duo latera J upright, from one to two feet high, fourfquare’ excavata, duo fubconvexa fulcata, idque alterne, J two fides hollowed out, two roundiffi and eroo- aculeis brevibus armati, brachiati. ? ved, and that alternately, armed with ffiort FOLU Sfad fe Sn JZffi pr0&nde dentata ’ aut l LEA YJ« °PP^ cut FT OP ER ■ f • an ^il 10ra ’ I Hi, narroweft at bottom, t LORES in fpicas longas filiformes, ereftas d.fpofiti, | FLOWERS difpofed in long filiform =, -eft fpikes, fuppor- bractea ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, calyce | u,, „.,-1 HL.j ^ breviore fuffulti, Jig. - - inophyllum, angulatum, | CALYX ens,/j. , j, '^P^oonmmo, perfift- | Aj fifth tooth exceedingly minute, “continuing;^: CALYX "A ,, , 1 ^ CALYX quFn^X™, I CALYX ! eaf ’ S-quedentate, COROLLA monopetala.maiqualis purpurafeens, Tubus | COROLLA monopetalous, unequal, purplifh the Tube cyhndraceus, meurjatus ; Faux villofa , fig. 5 ; | cylindrical and crooked, the MouR villous iouiUibns qU r U a ’ &b- I fig. J. the Limb divided into five figments, which t TAM T.r A a ’ A- 4* I are round and nearly equaL fig. a. STAMUS A : Filamenta quatuor breviffima, vix con- | STAMINA : four Filaments very fliort and fcarce fpicua, Anthers quatuor, quarum duse brevi- | confpicuous, four Anthera! two of which are ores reliquis, ejufdem formse cum Didynamus | above the others, of the fame form with thofe dtcttt T mir "'f' „ r. I of the Clafs Didynamia in general, fk. 6. PISTILLUM: Germen tetragonum, Stylus fihformis * PISTILLUM: the Germen four fquare the Style fili- apice paululum mcraffatus; Stigma obtufum | form, growing thicker towards the extremity, T 7 _ , ? the Stigma obtufe, fig. 7. sImTNA o,!V n tr Cal y x contmens Semina | PERICARPIUM wanting, theCal/xcontainingtheSeeds. SEMINA quatuor, oblonga, obtufa, interne planmfcula | SEEDS four, oblong, obtufe, on the infide flatifli and alba, externe fufea, convexa, fulcato-reUcuhtafig. 8, 9 ,,o. f white, on the outfide brown, convex, grooved ^ and reticulated, jig. 8, 9, io. The "Vervain may be confidered as a kind of domeftic plant, not confined to any particular foil, but growing by the road hues, pretty umverfally at the entrance into Towns and Villages. * 0 It produceth its blofloms . in the months of Auguft and September. There is only one Species of this Genus which grows wild in this country, but ill different parts of the world the fpec.es are numerous, and what is remarkable, fume have four and others but two Stamina, hence Linnieus milks them among his Dtandrtms plants, making a dtvifion of them into fuch as have fores Bimdri and tores Letrandn. As our fnenes hafh four Buminn oFw-lal „1 -1 -1 _ dr,. . J ,uiei As our_ fpecies hath four c tamina, two of which are above the other two, as the Style proceeds from , , °f th . e ro ^ r united Germina, and as four naked feeds follow, which are contained within the Calyx we have placed it with Scopoli among the Didynamia Gymnojpermia plants, a Clafs to which the botanic Student who nad been lnitructed in rhe .mnrpfm rmnnnUq nf TW ,r -<„,,1:1., 1, — u • j . , . . ’ had been inffrudted in the Linnaean principles of Botany, would readily have been induced to referit The feed of this plant has lomething remarkably curious in its appearance, on the infide it is of a fnowv white externally brown, and beautifully reticulated. J ’ The Plant which the Romans called Verbena , appears to have been ufed on particular oceafions at a verv earlv period as a token of mutual confidence betwixt them and their Enemies. It was alfo confiantly applied to the purpofes of Superstition and Enchantment, m making wreaths and brooms:- for their Altars, and chaplets for their i nefts. it is probable from Pliny s account, that the plant which we now deferibe was the fame with that of the Anti- ents, but in a larger fenfe, they called the Laurel and Myrtle or whatever was bound round the Altar Verbena. The dry harih nature of this herb agrees but ill with the Pinguis V irbena of Virgil, perhaps it acquired that title from being- anointed with the fat of the facnfice. ® In later times Vervain has been accounted a fovereign remedy in a multitude of diforders ; Schroder recommends it in upwards of thirty diderent complaints, on which Mr. Ray judicioufy obferves “ Mirum tot viribus pollere plan- tarn nulla mjgm qualitate fenjbth dotatam ! ftrange that a plant which inherits no remarkably fenfible quality lhould DOllefs 10 manv virtues ^ J Mr. Morley alate writer on the Vervain, confiders it as extremely ufeful in the cure of the’ Schrophula or Kimrs evil and in his Eflay on the nature and cure of Schrophulous difeafes, has given us a figure of the plant with particular directions for its ufe which confi Its in hanging the root (which is to be of a larger or fmaller fize accordino- to the age of his Patients) tied with a yard of white fattin ribband round the neck, there to be worn till they recover Thofe who know any thing of the effefts of Medicines on the human body, will not eafily be perfwaded that fuch a kind of application can produce any very wonderful effodi: in this cafe, even making the greateft allowance for the powers ol the imagination ; and Mr. Morley as if fenfible of the inefficacy of his Vervain Amulet calls to his aniflance a number of powerful medicines, among others we find Mercury, Antimony, Hemlock, Jalap &c • and by a repeated and oftimes a long continued application of Baths, Cataplafms, Ointments, Poultices, Plaiffers &c and the exhibition of gentle purges and alterative medicines, fome have been relieved and others cured; but’ can any one hence infer with any degree of reafon that the Vervain Root had anyffiare in the cure ? certainly no; out of all Mr. Morley’ s cafes there is not one which proves it, and the virtues of this plant Hill remain to be afeerta’ined bv rational experiments. ^ It ffiould be obferved that the Schrophula is a difeafe which at certain periods of life and at certain feafons of the year, is liable to be much worfe than at others, and frequently exceeding bad cafes of this kind have been cured by the moffc fimple applications. * ^ Many people have no doubt applied to Mix Morley from a fuppofition that his motives were perfectly difinterefted and it muff be confefled that there are Empirics much more mercenary and infinitely more dangerous ; yet it does not appear but Mr. Morley a£ts nearly on the fame principle with other Pra&ipners in Pbyfick, with this difference in- deed, that they receive their fees in fpecie, he takes his in kind. That we may not be thought to a ft difingenoufly by Mr. Morley we ffiall quote his own words— “Many many Guineas have been offered me but I never take any money. Sometimes indeed genteel People have lent me lmall ac- knowledgements of Tea, Wine, Venifon, &c. Generous ones, fmall pieces of Plate or other little Prefents. ' Even neighbouring Farmers a Goofe or Turkey, &c. by way of Thanks. noMU ■ ' ■ ' ' ' . ... * ■' ■ . ■ : r/3 ■ ■ ■ Lamium purpureum. Red Lamium or Dead Nettle LAMIUM timeri Gen. Pl. Didynamia Gymnospermia. Conila labium fupenus integrum, fornicatum, labium inferius bilobum ; faux utrinque margine dentata. Lm. Defirip. Gen. abbrev. Raii Spa. Gea. 14. Shffrutices et herb* verticillat*. LAMIUM purpureum foliis cordatis obtufis petioktis. Limeei Sp/I. Vegetal., p. 446- Sf. PI- Sop. FL Suecic. 203. LAMIUM foliis cordatis, obtufis, in fummo ramo congeftis. Haller, 'mji. v. 1. nS. LAMIUM purpureum. Scopuli FI. Caraiol. p. 407. a. 704. LAMIUM purpureum fetidum, folio fubrotundo, five Galeopfis Diofcoridis. Baubiu. pin. 230. Lamium ru- brum. Gerard emat. 703. Partinfin. 604. Raii. Syaopfie Small Dead Nettle or red Archangel 240. Hudfin. FI. Angl. 225. Oeder. FI. Dan. icon. 523. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULES plures, ad bafin debiles, et ramofi, prope fummxtatem fere nudi, et fiepe colorati, lemi- pedales, quadrangulares, fiftulofi, fcrabiufculi. FOLIA oppofita, venofa; hirfutula, inferiora fubrotun- do-cordata, crenata, longe petiolata : fuperiora ova to- cordata, obtul'e ferrata, petiolis brevibus in- fidentia, alterne oppofita, reflexa, denfe ef im- bricarim congefta, et rubedine tintta. FLORES purpurei, in fummis caulibus verticillatim denfius ftipati . Verticilli multiflori. CALYX: PERiANTHiuMmonophyllum, tubulatum, fu- perne patentius, quinquedentatum, fubftria- tum, hirfutulum, dentibus fubaequalibus, acu- minatis. Jig. x. COROLLA monopetala, ringens, pallide purpurea, 2 ; tubus brevis, cylindraceus, Jig. 6 ; faux in- flata, margineutroquebidentata,^-. 4; denticulo fuperiori lpin* fimili, inferiore obtufiore, macula notata ; labium fuperius,y 5 g-. 3, ovatum, _ conca- vum, villofulum, integrum, labium inferius bilobum, maculatum, lobis patentibus. Jig. 5. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, fubulata, alba, fub labio fuperori te£ta, quorum duo longiora, Jig. 7 ; Anther.® oblong*, barbatas, polline croceo replet*. Jig. 8. PISTILLUM: Germen quadrifidum; Stylus filiformis, longitudine et fitu flaminum; Stigma bifidum, acutum, fg. 9, 10, 11. SEMINA 4 in -fundo calycis, pallida, triangularia, apice truncata, marginata,^. 12. ROOT annual and fibrous. STALKS feveral, at bottom weak and branched, near the top almoft naked, and frequently coloured, fix inches or more in height, quadrangular, hollow, and {lightly rough. LEAVES oppofite, veiny, {lightly hairy, the lower ones of a roundilh-heart {haped form, notched, and placed on footftalks, the uppermoft ones oval-heart-fliaped, obtufely ferrated, with ftiort footftalks, alternately oppofite, growing thickly together, bent back and laying one oyer another, of a reddifh colour. FLOWERS purple, growing thickly together on the tops of the ftalks in whirls ; many flowers in each whirl. CALYX : a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, at top fpreading, with five teeth, fomewhat ftriated and hairy, the teeth nearly equal and long pointed, fg. 1 . COROLLA monopetalous, gaping, of a pale purple colour, fg. 2 ; the tube Ihort and cylindrical, fg. 6 ; the entrance of the tube inflated, the margin on each fide furniftied with two teeth, fg. 4; the uppermoft pointed like a thorn, the lowermoft blunter witfi a fpot on it ; the upper lip fg. 3 ; oval, hollow, {lightly villous, entire, the under lip divided into twolobes, fpread- ing a little from one another, and fpotted, fg. 5. STAMINA : four Filaments, tapering and white, hid under the upper lip, two of which are longer than the reft fg. 7; the Anthers oblong, bearded, and and full of a yellow pollen fg. 8. PISTILLUM : Germen quadrifid; Stylus filiform, the length of the Stamina ; Stigma bifid and pointed fg. 9, 10, 11. SEEDS 4 in the bottom of the Calyx, of a pale brown, triangular, cut off as it were at top, wfith a margin round them, fg. I2* w Although this plant may perhaps with propriety be confidered as a Weed in Gardens, yet the bright colour of its tops and flowers, joined to its early appearance, contributes not a little to ornament our banks in the Spring, when few other plants appear in bloflom. The Flowers are moft commonly of a bright red colour, fometimes white, and are much reforted to by Bees of various kinds. . . . The Leaves and Flowers are thofe parts of the plant, which are ufed in Medicine, although in the prefent practice they are fcarce regarded. _ According to Linnaeus it is boiled in Upland , a Province of Sweden, as a pot herb. A Variety of this plant occurs not unfrequently about Town, which has its leaves more deeply indented. Ray calls it Lamium rubrum minus, Joliis profunde incifs . I have found it growing on a bank on the right hand fide of the way between Pimlico and Chelfea. Thymus acinos. B A S I L T H Y M E. THYMUS Lintuei Gen . PL Didynamia GyMnospermia. Calycis bilabiati faux villis claufa. Ran Synop. Gen. 14. Suffrutices et Herbje verticillat.®. MUS Acinos caulibus adfcendentibus, foliis dentato-ferratis, calycibus bad ventricolis. THYMUS Acinos floribus verticillatis, pedunculis unifloris caulibus ereftis fubramofis, foliis acutis, ferratis. Linn. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 452. Pior. Suecic. p. 209, CLINOPODIUM foliis ovatis acutis ferratis, flore foliis breviore. Haller, hif. helv. n. 2 37. THYMUS Acinos. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 426. n. 735. CLINOPODIUM arvenfe ocimi facie. Bauhin. pin. p. 225. CLINOPODIUM minus live vulgare. Parkinfon. 21. OCYMUM lylveftre. Gerard. emac. 675. ACINOS multis. Bauhin.hif. 32. 259. Raii Syn. p. 238. Wild Bafil. Hudfon Fl Angi. p-. 230, RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. $ CAULES adfcendentes, femipedales, tetragoni, ramofi, | hirfuti, purpurafcentes ; Rami cauli limiles | longi, patentes, imi oppofiti. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovato-acuta, medium interi- I us petiolo proximum integrum, exterius mu- * eroni proximum dentatum, margines paululum reflexi, ciliati, nervo medio veuifque fubtus hirlutis, fuperne vix hirfuta, impunttata, ve- nis quam in ferpyllo profundius exaratis. FLORES pedunculati, verticillati, {picati, plerumque fex in lingulo verticillo. CALYX : Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, baf ventricofum , ftriatum, hirfutum, quinque- dentatum, dentibus tribus fuperioribus brevio- ribus, reflexis, inferioribus fetaceis, fauce villis claufo, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, tubulofa, purpurea, bilabiata, labium fuperius brevius, obtufum, reflexum, emarginatum, inferius trifidum, laciniis fubro- tundis, medio productiore fubemarginato, macula alba , lunulata , prominente , notata , fg. 3, 4, 5. STAMINA : Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo lon- giora, Corolla breviora ; Antherje parvas, rubras, fig. 6 . PISTILLUM: G ermen quadripartitum; Stylus fili- formis longitudine Staminum; Stigma bifi- dum, acutum,. $?•. 7. PERICARPIUM nullum SEiMINA quatuor oblonga intra Calycem, Jig. 8, 9. ^ ROOT annual, fimple and fibrous. STALKS adfeending, about fix inches high, fquare, branched, hirfute, purplifh ; Branches like the ftalk, long, fpreading, the bottom ones oppofite. LEAVES oppofite, Handing on foot-ftalks, of a pointed oval Ihape, the inner middle part of them next the foot-ftalks entire, the outer middle part next the point indented, the edges turned a little back, and ciliated, the midrib and veins on the under fide of the leaf hirfute, the upper furface of the leaves fcarcely hairy, without any dots, the veins deeper than in the common Wild Thyme. FLOWERS growing on foot-ftalks, in whirls, forming a fpike, generally fix in each whirl. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, belly- ing out at bottom, ftriated, hirfute, having five teeth, the three uppermoft of which arelhorteft and turned back, the lower ones {lender and tapering, the moth clofed up with ftiort hairs, fig- I- COROLLA monopetalous, tubular, purple, having two lips, the uppermoft of which is fhorteft, blunt, turned back, with a flight notch in it ; the low&rmoft divided into three roundifh fegments, the middle one of which is longer than the others, very {lightly notched in, and marked with a raifed white femilunar fpot, fg. 3, 4 5. STAMINA: four Fi laments, two long and two fhort, within the Corolla ; Anthers fmall find red, jig. 6. PISTILLUM: Germen divided into four parts; Style filiform, the length of the Stamina ; Stigma bifid and acute, fg. 7. SEED-VESSEL none. SEEDS. Four oblong feeds within the Calyx, fg. 8, 9. As there are only two fpecies of fhyme growing wild in this Kingdom, and thofe very different from each other, the young Botanift cannot be at a lofs in diftinguilhing them ; with the fihymus alpinus, (figured by that accurate Botanift Jacquin, in his Fl. Aufriac, who has contributed much to the advancement of botanic knowledge,) this plant has a much greater affinity, but may be diftinguiffied by attending to the fize of the flowers and theftiape of the Calyx : the flowers of the alpinus are nearly twice as large as thofe of the acinos, and the Calyx of the latter has a protuberance at its bale which we do not find either in the alpinus or ferpyllum ; a white circular mark in the mouth of the flowers, makes the blofloms of this fpecies ftrikingly different from thofe of Wild Thyme. The moft common place of growth for this plant is in uncultivated fields, particularly where the foil is chalky, about Charlton it is found in abundance, flowering in July and Auguft. A variety with a white flower fometimes occurs. The fame agreeable aromatic flavour predominates in this fpecies as in the Wild Thyme, whence it is pro- bable that their virtues are very fimilar. , ... - •• • - • Euphrasia odontites. Red Eye-bright. EUPHRASIA Lmnai Gen. PI. Didynamia Angiospermia. Reiit Syn . Gen. Herb.® fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. EUPHRASIA Odontites follis linearibus: omnibus ferratis. Linnai SyJL Fegetab. Sp . Pl. p. 841. PL Suecic. p, 2I3. v. 544. ODONTITES bra&aiis ferratis hirfutis. Haller . hift. v . 1. p. 134. n. 304. EUPHRASIA Odontites. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 435. EUPHRASIA pratenfis rubra. Bauhin Pin. p. 234. EUPHRASIA pratenfis rubra major. Parhinfon 1329. CRATiEOGONON Euphrofyne. Ger. emac. 91. Rail Syn. p .* 284. Eye-bright Cow-wheat. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 234. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, lignea. CAULIS ere&us, ramofiffimus, lemipedalis, ad bipeda- lem, hirfutus, obtufe quadrangularis. ROOT annual, fimple, fibrous, and woody. STALK upright, very much branched, from fix inches to two feet high, hirfute, and obtufely fquare. RAMI cauli fimiles, oppofiti. FOLIA alterne oppofita, fefiilia, lineari-lanceolata, re- flexa, rariter dentata, hirfutula, venofa, venis parvis, fubtus hirfutis. BRACTEiE lanceolatas, fubere&se, purpurafcentes. FLORES fpicati, fecundi, fpicis apice fubnutantibus, CALYX : Perianthium monophyllum, tubulofum, quadridentatum, hirfutum, dentibus squali- bus, acutis, jig. i . BRANCHES like the ftalk and oppofite. LEAVES alternately oppofite, feffile, betwixt linear and lanceolate, turning back, thinly indented, flightly hirfute, veiny, veins few and hirfute underneath. BRx^CTExiE lanceolate, nearly upright, purplifh. FLOWERS growing in fpikes of a red colour, incli- ned all one way, the fpikes nodding a little at top. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, qua- dridentate, hirfute, the teeth equal and fharp, fg • >• COROLLA monopetala, ringens, labium fuperius con- cavum, fubemarginatum, inferius tripartitum, laciniis obtufis, squalibus, fg. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo paulo breviora, alba; Antherje bilobs, biloculares, apice filamentofs, bafi fpinulis duabus termi- nats, deorfum ubi filamentum inferitur ap- pendiculis clavatis pluribus inftru&ie, _/?§-. 3, 4, 5. T ¥ f t t t t t PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, hirfutulum ; Stylus filiformis, in flore nondum explicato fub labio fuperiore Corolls involutus, poftea Corolla longior ; Stigma capitatum, fg. 6. PERICxARPIUM : Capsula ovato-Qblonga, comprefla, bilocularis, fg. 7. SEMINA plurima, albida, ftriata, fg. 8. COROLLA monopetalous, gaping, the upper lip con- cave and flightly notched in ; the lower lip di- vided into three, obtufe, equal l'egments,_/g-, 2. STAMINA : four Filaments, two fomewhat longeft, white; Anthers compofed of two lobes and two cavities, at top thready, at bottom termi- nated by two little fpines, and on the back part where the filament is inferted, furnifhed with feveral fmall club-fhaped threads or appendages, fg- 3 ’ +> 5 - PISTILLUM : Germen oval, hirfute ; Style filiform, before the flower opens bent in underneath the upper lip of the Corolla ; afterwards longer than the Corolla; Stigmata forming a little head, fg. 6. SEED-VESSEL an oval, oblong, flattifh Capsule, of two cavities, fg. 7. SEEDS feveral, whitifh and ftriated, fg. 8. This fpecies of Eyebright, which is exceedingly different from the common fort, grows very common in Paftures, fometimes in Corn-fields, and flowers in July and Auguft : it differs very much in fize according to the place it grow's in, and is now and then found with white flowers. It is not remarked either for its beauty or utility. • • i • • • • 1 :s 5T- •/. - •• - ■ ' : •• '• • ■ . : ■ l b-i ■- ■ ■ J f ' .. ; . ■ : •'•J: .v : . ; L v- .• Antirrhinum cymbalaria. Ivy-leav’d Antirrhinum. ANTIRRHINUM Lima* Gen. PL DidynamiA Angiospermia. Ran Syn, Herbas fructu sicco singulari flore monoRetalo. ANTIRRHINUM Cymbalaria foliis cordatis quinquelobis alternis, caulibus procumbentibus, tornat SyJL Vegetab. p. 4 ^ 4 * &P k ^ P- 851. ANTIRRHINUM caule repente, foliis reniformibus, quinquelobatis. Haller hifi. p. 146. iu 339. ANTIRRHINUM Cymbalaria Scopoli FI. Carniol. n. 770. CYMBALARIA Bauhin pin. 306. LINARIA hederaceo folio glabro, feu Cymbalaria •vulgaris, Tourn. 169. Garidet. 287. Gouan. FI. Monfp . p. 100. Gerard FI. Gal/oprov. p. 292. Raii Syn . p.* 282. HudfonFl. Angi. p. 237. Tota Planta glabra, cum odore ingrato. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, intra fiffuras murorum pe- netrans ; eradicatione difficilis. CAULES plures, confertim nafcuntur, bafi . repentes, procumbentes, ramofi, teretes, glabri, purpu- rafcentes, nervo intus duriore et tenaciore ficut in Alfine. FOLIA quinquelobata, glabra, fubcarnofa, oppofita, aut alterna, feepe purpurafcentia, fg. 1 2. PETIOLI longi, fuperne fulcati. PEDUNCULI teretes, petiolis paulo longiores. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, laciniis lanceolatis, perfiftentibus, fg. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens ; Tubus brevis, fg. 6 ; Limbus bilabiatus, labium fuperius bifidum, reflexum, purpureum, venis duabus faturatiori- bus ftriatum, fg. 2. inferius trifidum, laciniis fubrotundis, albidis, fg. 3; Palatum promi- nens, bifidum, flavum, fg. 5, Faux villofum, croceum. NEECTARIUM purpureum, conicum, longitudine calycis, fg. 5. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, duo breviora; Anthera: bilobas, albae, conniventes, fg. 7. PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum, purpureum ; Stylus filiformis; Stigma obtufum, fg. 8. PERICARPIUM Capsula fubrotunda, rugofa, femi- nibus protuberantibus, bivalvis, valvis apice in plures lacinias dehifcentibus, fg. 9, 10. SEMINA nigra, fubrotunda, rugofa, fg. 10. The whole plant fmooth, with a difagreeable finell. ROOT perennial, fibrous, penetrating between the crevices of the walls, and fcarce to be eradi- cated. STALKS numerous, growing in a kind of tuft, creep- ing at bottom, procumbent, branched, round, fmooth, purplifh, and ftringy as in Chick- weed. LEAVES quinquelobate, fmooth, fomewhat flefhy, fome of them oppofite, others alternate, fre- quently purplifh, 7^. 12. FOOT-STALKS of the leaves long, on the upper part grooved. FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, round, a little longer than the foot-ftalks of the leaves. CALYX : a Perianthium divided into five fegments, which are lanceolate and continuing, fg. 1 . COROLLA monopetalous, ringent ; the Tube fhort, fg. 6 : the Limb divided into two lips ; the upper lip bifid, turning back, and purple, ftri- ped with two veins of a deeper colour,^. 2 ; the lower lip trifid, the fegments round and whitiffi, fg. 3; the Palate prominent, bifid, and yellow, fg. 4; the Mouth or entrance into the tube villous and faffron-coloured. NECTARY purple, conical, the length of the Calyx, fg- 5 - STAMINA: four Filaments, two fhort and two long; Anthera compofed of two lobes, white and connivent, fg. 7. PISTILLUM : Germen roundifh and purple ; Style filiform ; Stigma blunt, fg. 8. SEED-VESSEL a roundifh Capsule, furface uneven, from the feeds protuberating, of two valves, which open at top into feveral lacinia:, fg. 9, 10. 'SEEDS black, roundifh and wrinkled, fig. 10. This Species of Antirrhinum is fo . perfectly diflindt from all the others which grow wild in this countrv, that there is no poffibility of miftaking it. It is found in great plenty in all thofe parts near London, that lay within the reach of the Thames; the feeds are carried by the flux and reflux of the tide up and down th© river, and left at high water mark in the crevices of old walls, where they take root and eucreafe very fall. It is fuppofed to have been introduced to us from Italy, whether for the purpofes of ornament or medicine is uncertain. The Walls of the Phyfic Garden , at Chelfea, from whence it has probably originated in this country, are plentifully covered with it ; it may alfo be found on the Temple Walls, and at the fides of the ft ream runnino - tmder Fauxhall T u rnpike. In fome fituations the leaves grow- much larger than thofe of the annexed fpecimen. . I JJ3U.1 CUTMfOS \ a i, r /i/i •' 'rVuiCI .'.‘l \ ? ' ‘ J j\ .1 JiA.r •** • - : -• ■ •• r ,1 • •. : ■• ••■' - - • ; ’ ’■ . ' i . . _ ' • " A. * V. • v.vvv.wH -A-. ' W ' . : ■■ ; -• . ■ ") . : nv . 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W :J : y I ileml >r|j ^7 n .1 . -;r ii: - ' -ill : , . .... . v'-i •; ?:.■■■■ • i- '! «. i ; 1 ; .... fix 1 . to <*vit .’-f r: /.I'll!/:/.'!': . :o; ... -. irn ..j : A: : ' •. , . .A T>i‘v>yl gnirnily. wxwtnrf-niilq •; • Ii ,bna«j.h /fAbnx.ot ; v. fii’O -hU ■ (-•' JJJITcH ♦ ,ir'^ ••■jt .i-.vhry* -.rusa ) . A 1 .i • ) Vj rbga-ji -i.il ,inxoliixi :UfrH -Hi : - I * pr.ih.-iignn! . ' A; i - '■ ’J jbiX-tiiii b.’iu -jOt 3t: b-jt; .• owl to tMU *! • ■ , " . • . , [■; vb.'i line» id ulod ogwC « jMtvsvI ao gniJi. .* . 1 .» • v.j* yj.ui- - ;J • - ,0 V ; ;o , . •.7 xbco ni cx ol 2 ir.oit s b Man// ban .A >:.l d cGAiV: ; ,ojjnm A I . : . x-*8 . . • fI 'A,. ''I ", . t ' . #iotn tbtifit ct busload Io ••Jjrq onol r; fcne ,v«d <1 . V, j*i? v.I fct.rfiiogrfrt: 1 '. , /Y. d b:>iiqq<: br« X^*' v ' ■' b-Jiiftib • .i j ■. ; -.A A - y.--.. :rAk:; L ; ..7 •: ;q l ‘10 J- -• Ji moii VioiS « . / ‘I L,jc ,• •. • . • !. , \ A A A ,-.xi -it vd Iso "w- vd «J b#C.':i.b:iOO Odd A. .* aijil .V «Ill !••/■'» AA' J 7 7ft Ot'tr ; •' 1 - iA- ^H/2 ;.nc -Mcidd^n imoima lit Antirrhinum elatine. Sharp-pointed F luellin. ANTIRRHINUM Lin. Gin. PI. Didynamia Angiospermia. Rati' Syn. Gen. 18. Herbs fructu sicco singulari, plore monopetalo irregu. LARI. ANTIRRHINUM foliis haftatis alternis, caulibus procumbentibus. Lmn. Sf- PI. 85. ANTIRRHINUM caule procumbente, foliis haftatis, imis conjugatis, fupenoribus alternis. Haller Kfi. V. 1 . p. 14. 6. «. 340. ELATINE folio acuminato, in bafi auriculato, flore luteo. Bauhm Pin. 253. ELATINE folio acuminato. Parkinfon 553. ELATINE altera. Gerard emac. 623. LINARIA Elatine difta, folio acuminato. Rail Syn. * *282. ANTIRRHINUM Elatine. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 237. ScopoK FL Carmol. p. 444- OEder.Fl. Dan. Ic. 4:6. TOTA PLANTA pilofa. RADIX fibrofa, annua, albida, CAULES numerofi, teretes, fubramofi, in junioribus plantis fubere&i, tandem procumbentes, ad duos pedes et ultra flepe extenfi. FOLIA petiolata, ima fubrotunda, oppofita ; proxima dentata, alterna ; quae lequuntur magna ex parte haflata. PEDUNCULI axillares, alterni, penduli, longitudine foliorum. CALYX : Perianthium quinquepartitum, perfiflens, fegmentis ovato-lanceolatis acutis, fg. 1 . COROLLA monopetala, lingens, flava; tubus breviffi- mus ; limbus bilabiatus, labium fuperius bifi- dum, fegmentis obtufis, inferne purpureis, in- ferius trifidum, fegmentis obtufis, medio pro- ductiore, et paulo minore ; palatum prominu- lum, flavum, fg. 2; Nectarium lubulatum, flavum, longitudine legmentorum calycis,/#. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo paulo longiora; Anther® purpureo-fulcae, coalef- centes, jig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum, comprefliim, a- pice villofum ; Stylus filiformis, longitudine flaminum, apice incraflatus, uncinatus ; Stig- ma fimplex, fg. 5, 6, 7. PERICARPIUM: Capsula rotunda, bilocularis, bival- vis, valvis deciduis, foramine magno in utroque latere capful* relicto, valvas orbiculatae, con- cavae, jig. 8, 9, 10. SEMINA nigra, rugofa, 8—10 in fingulo loculamento, fg- t THE WHOLE PLANT hairy, j ROOT fibrous, annual, whitifh. $ STALKS numerous, round, a little branched, in the young plants nearlv upright, in the old ones trailing on the ground, frequently to the dif- f tance of two feet or more. I LEAVES {landing on foot-ftalks, the bottom leaves £ roundifh and oppofite, the next to thofe are in- dented and alternate, and thofe which follow I are for the moft part haftate. I PEDUNCLES alternate, pendulous, the length of, and proceeding from the Ake of the leaves. * CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five fegments S perfifting, the fegments lanceolate, fg. 1 . I COROLLA monopetalous, ringent, and yellow ; the i tube very fliort ; the limb divided into two I lips, the upper lip bifid, the fegments obtufe, I and purple underneath ; the lower lip trifid, the fegments obtufe, the middle one longeft I and leaft ; the palate prominent and yellow, £ fg. 2; the Nectarium the length of the feg- ments of the Calyx, fmall and tapering, fg. I STAMINA four Filaments, two of which are a little I longer than the others ; the Anther.® pur- % plifh-brown, adhering together, fg. 4. I PISTILLUM : the Germen roundifh, flattened, at top I hairy ; the Style filiform, the length of the Stamina, thickened at top and hooked ; the I Stigma Ample, fg. 5, 6, 7. 4 SEED-VESSEL: a round Capsule of two cavities I and two valves, the valves round and concave, % on falling off leaving a large hole in each fide i of the Capfule, fg. 8, 9, 10. I SEEDS black, and wrinkled, from 8 to 10 in each cavi- * ty,j%. 12. THIS fpecies of Antirrhinum grows generally in Corn-fields, and in fome parts of England is much more common than it is with us; in the Corn-fields about Peckham I have generally found it in bloom in July, Auguft and September and even later ; it very much refembles the Antirrhinum fpurium in its general habit, but is readily diftinguifhed by its pointed leaves. Some Writers have confidered it as poflefled of healing proper- ties, and affirm that the expreflea juice of the plant, or its diftilled water taken inwardly and applied exter- nally, has checked and cured fpreading and cancerous Ulcers; and Ray relates a Story from Lobel of a poor Barber, who by the above ufe of this plant, faved his Nofe, which had been condemned to be cut off by fe- veral eminent Phyficians and Surgeons. . Antirrhinum linaria. Common yellow Toad Flax. ANTIRRHINUM Limaei Gen. PI. Didynamia Angiospermia. Rail Syn. Gen. iS. Herb® fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. ANTIRRHINUM Unarm foliis lanceolato-linearibus confertis, caule erefto, fpicis terminalibus feffilibus, floribus imbricatis. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. p. 466. FI. Suecic. 217. ANTIRRHINUM foliis linearibus adfcendentibus congeftis, caule ereflo fpicato. Haller, hi/ 1 . V. l. f. 14J. LINARIA vulgaris lutea flore majore. Bauhin pln.p. 212. LINARIA lutea vulgaris. Gerard emac. JJO. vulgaris noltras. Parhinfin 458. Rail Syn. p. * *281. Hudfin FI. Angl. p. 238. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p\ 442; RADIX perennis, alba, dura, lignofa, per terram rep- ? ROOT perennial, white, hard and woody, creeping tando immenfum fe propagans. | under the earth, and propagating itfelf very I much. CAULES plerumque plurcs ex eadem radice, ere&i, | STALKS : generally feveral arife from the fame root, pedales aut cubitales, foliofiffimi, teretes, laves. ^ upright, from one to two feet high, very full £ of leaves, round and fmooth. FOLIA linearia, acuta, conferta, fparfa, glauca. | LEAVES linear, pointed, growing very thick together * on the ftalk without any regular order, fmodth, * and of a blueilh colour. FLORES lutei, palato croceo, in fummis caulibus in I FLOWERS yellow, with the palate of an orange or fpicas denfas imbricatim congefti. f colour, placed one over another m thick I fpikes on the top of the Stalks. CALYX : Perianthium quinquepartitum, breve, per- * CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five fegments fiftens, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis, fuperiore caste- f fliort and continuing, the fegments oval and ris paulo longiore, duabus inferioribus magis % pointed, the upper one a little longer than the dehiscentibus, fig. 1. f reft > the tw0 mfenor ones gaping wideft, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala ringens, lutea, fig. 3. Tubus £ COROLLA monopetalous, nngent, and yellow fig. 3 ; brevis; Limbus bilabiatus, fig. 4. Labium? the Tube fhort; the Limb compofed of two fuperius bifidum, laciniis. primum deflexis, poftea t Lips ,fig. 4 ; the uppe r Lip bifid, the fegments reflexis conni ventibus, fig. 5 ; Labium inferius i firfl bending down, afterwards turned back and trifidum, laciniis obtufis, intermedio breviore f doling together,/?. 5; the lower Lip trifid, minore, fig. 6 ; Faux claufa Palato pro- * the fegments obtufe, the middle one fhorteft minente, bifido, croceo, ad bafin villofo,/;-. 7. f and lea % fig. 6 ; the Mouth doled by a Pa- late prominent, bihd, of a faftron colour, * and villous at bottom, fig. 7. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, alba, fub labio fu- | STAMINA: four white Filaments, inclofed under periori inclufa, quorum duo breviora, ad bafin | the upper lip of the Corolla, two of which are villofii, fig. 9; Anthers flavas, conniventes, i lhorter than the other two, at bottom villous, fig. 10. I fig. 9; Anthers yellow, flightly connected l together , fig. 10. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, Stylus filifor- I PISTILLUM - Germen roundilh, Style filiform and mis, albus ; Stigma obtufum. | white; Stigmata obtufe. PERICARPIUiYI : Capsula ovato-cylindracea, bilocu- | SEED-VESSEL a Capsule of an oval and cylindrical laris, apice in plures lacinias dehifcens, fig. 14, | lhape, having two cavities, and fplitting at top 15, 16. I into feveral divilions, fig. 14, 15, 16. SEMINA numcrofa, nigra, plana, medio extuberantia, ? SEEDS numerous, black, flat, protuberant in the mid- Jig. 17. 1 dl e,fig- 17 - Mr. Ray in his Flifioria Plantarum has colle&ed the Authorities of feveral writers who fpeak highly of the me- dical virtues of this Plant. At the fame time that we by no means believe in all the Virtues which are attributed to many plauts by the old Authors, we would be carefull of rejefting all their accounts, particularly when there is fome reafon to think they may be founded in Truth, the mention of them may at leaft ferve to excite fuch of the Faculty as have proper opportunities to give thema fair trial, and either rejedt them entirely, or bring them more generally into practice. According to fome it opperates both by Stool and Urine, and fo much by the latter, as to acquire among the Germans the name of Harnkrout. A fmall Glafs of the diftilled Water mixed with a drachm of the bark of the Ebulus or JVater Elder in powder, powerfully provokes Urine, and is recommended in Dropfical Cafes. The diftilled water or juice of the Plant putin the Eyes, takes away the rednefs and inflamation of them, as Tragus aflerts from his own long obfervation and experience. Made into an Ointment with lard and mixed with the yolk of Egg, it takes away the violent pain arifing from the Piles. The flowers of this plant are frequently found double with two or more Spurs, and a lingular variety of it which Linnaeus calls Pe/oria , is faid by Mr. Hudson to grow about Clapham in Surry, this rare monftrofity we fhall not fail to figure. In its common Rate, the Toad Flax grows very common on banks by the road fides, which it decorates not a little by its Angular and beautiful Flowers. It may with the greateft eafe be cultivated in Gardens, and raifed either from Seeds or Roots ; the Seed is ripe at the latter end of September. PURPUREA. Fox-glove. Digitalis DIGITALIS DIGITALIS DIGITALIS DIGITALIS DIGITALIS DIGITALIS DIGITALIS LlnnaiGeti.Pl . Didynamia Angiospermia. Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. campanulata 5 -fida, ventricofa. Caps, ovata bilocularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. Herba; fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. purpurea calycims foliolis ovatis acutis, corollis obtufis : labio ftperiore integro. Llm. Syjl. Vegetab. f. 570. Sp- Pl- p- 866 - follis calycinis ovatis, galea fimplici. Haller, hifi. p. 143- »• 3 3°« purpurea. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 447* n ' 7 8o ‘ purpurea folio afpero. p. 243. purpurea. Gerard, emac. 790. furfurea vulgaris. Parkinfin 1653. RaS. Syv. p .* a8 3 . Purple Fox-gfove. Budfin F/. Angi. p. 240. Oeder FI. Danlcon. 774. RADIX biennis, fibrofa. X CAULIS tripedalis ad orgyalem, fimplex, eredus, fo- | liofus, teres, pubefeens. _ | FOLIA ovato-acuta, ferrata, venofa, fubtus albida, pu- | befcentia ; Petioli breves, alati. * FLORES fpicati, nutantes, imbricati, fecundi. PEDUNCULI uniflori, pubefeentes, apice incraffati, perada florefeentia fuberedi. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, laciniis 0- ii vato-acuminatis, nervofis, fuprema anguftiore, : : fig. 1 . ■ ; COROLLA monopetala, fubcampanulata, purpurea, ■: interne ocellata ; tubus magnus, patens, deor- ;; Ium ventricofus, bafi cylindracea, arda; limbus : I parvus, quadrifidus, laciniil fuperiore integra, :: quali truncata, inferiore majore, inflexa. ; ; STAMINA : Filamenta quatitor bafi Corolla: inferta, alba, apice paululum latiora, bafi infrada, quo- rum duo longiora; Anthers primum magnae, turgidae, ovatae, bafi coadunatae, lutefcenteS, et faepe maculatae ; demum et forma et fitu mire mutantur, fig. 2, 3, 4. PISTILLUM : Germen fubconicum, luteo-virens ; Stylus fimplex ; Stigma bifidum, fig. 5, 6, 7. NECTARIUM Glandula bafin Germinis cingens, fig . 8 . PERICARPIUM : Capsula ovato-acuminata, bilocu- laris, bivalvis, valvula inferiore findente, fig. 9. SEMINA plurima, nigricantia, parva, utraque extremitate truncata, fig. 1 o. ROOT biennial and fibrous. STALK from three to fix feet high, Ample, upright, leafy, round, and pubelcent or downy. LExYVES of a painted oval fhape, ferrated, veiny, under- neath whitifh and pubefeent ; the Foot-stalks fhort and winged. FLOWERS growing in a fpike, pendulous, laying one over another all one way. PEDUNCLES fuftaining one flower, pubefeent, thick- eft at top, after the flower drops off, becoming nearly upright. CALYX : a Perianti-iium divided into five fegments, which are of an oval pointed fhape, and nervous, the uppermoft narrower than the reft, fig. 1 . COROLLA monopetalous, fomewhat bell-fhaped, pur- ple, and marked in the infide with little eyes ; the tube large, fpreading, bulging out back- wards; the bafe cylindrical, and as if it had been tyedwith a ligature ; the limb fmalland quadrifid, the upper fegment entire and as if cut ofF, the lower fegment larger and bent in. STAMINA : four Filaments inferted into the bottom of the Corolla, white, a little broadeft at top, crooked at bottom, two long and two fhort ; ANTHERJEat firft large, turgid, oval, touch- ing at bottom, of a yellowifh colour and often fpotted ; laftly changing both their form and fituation in a lingular manner, fig. 2, 3, 4. PISTILLUM : Germen rather conical, of a yellow green colour; Style Ample; Stigma bifid, ./’>■ 3, 6, 7. NECTARY a Gland furrounding the bottom of the Germen, fig. 8. SEED-VESSEL: a pointed oval Capsule, of two ca- vities and two valves, the lowermoft valve fplitting in two, fig. 9. SEEDS numerous, blackifh, fmall, as if cut off at each end, fig. 10. Was it not that we are too apt to treat with negled the beautiful plants of our own country, merely becaufe they are common and eafily obtained, the ftately and elegant Fox-glove would much oftener be the pride of our gardens than it is at prefent ; for it is not only peculiarly ftriking at a diftance, but its flowers and their feveral parts become beautiful in proportion to the nearnels of our view : Plow Angularly and how regularly do tire blofloms hang one over another ! How delicate are the little fpots which ornament the infide of the flower ! and like the wings of fome of our fmall Butterflies fmile at every attempt of the Painter to do them juftice : how pleafing is it to behold the nettling Bee hide itfelf in its pendulous blofloms ! while extracting its fweets which furnifh our tables with honey, and our manufacturers with wax : nor are the more interior parts of the flower lefs worthy of our admiration, or lefs adapted to the improvement of the young Botanift : here all the parts of the fructification being large, he will readily obtain a diftinCt idea of them ; but more particularly of the form of the Anther®, and the alteration which takes place in them, previous to and after the difcharge of the Pollen, vid. fig. 3, 4. The flowers of this plant are in general of a fine purple colour, and like all other purple flowers are liable to varia- tions ; fometimes we find the blofloms of a milk white or cream colour, and forae other varieties of it are mentioned by Ray, but the white is the moft common. Such as would with to cultivate it, may raifeit either from feed, which is very fmall for the fize of the plant, or from young plants. It grows naturally in a dry and gravelly foil, and in fuch fituations ■ is common enough over moft parts of England ; about Charlton-Wood it is very plentiful, and flowers in July and Auguft. According to the teftimony of many writers, the juice or decoCtion of this plant taken inwardly, ads as an emetic and purgative, and that too with confiderable violence; hence Mr. Ray very properly advifes it to be given to fuch only as have robuft conftitutions. Parkinson affirms that it is very efficacious in the cure of the Epilcpfy ; but he unites with it in his prefeription Polypody of the Oak, fo that there is no knowing to which of the plants the merit of curing this ftubborn difeafe is due. The flowers or herb either bruifed or made into an ointment, are ftrongly recommended in Schrophulous tumours and ulcers ; and fo great an opinion have the Italians of its virtues as a vulnerary, that they have the following proverb concerning it. “ Aralda tutte le piaghe falda." Fox-glove cures all wounds. Raii Hi/l. Platit. Draba VERNA. Vernal Dr aba or Whitlow Grass. DRABA Lmuti Gen. PL Tetradynamia Siliculosa. Rail Synop. Gen. 21. Hems tetrapetals siliqjioss et siliculosje. DRABA verni (capis nudis, foliis fubferratis. Lhmxi Syjl. Vegetah. p. +89. Fler. Suec. p. 223. DRABA cauliculis nudis, foliis fubhirfutis, fubdcntatis. Haller, hlfl. helv. I. 215. BURSA PASTORIS minor loculo oblongo. Bauhin. pin. 108. 2. PARONYCHIA vulgaris. Gerard tinae. 624 . Rali Syn. 292: HuJfan FI. Angi. 243- Scepelt Fler. Carmel, n. 792. RADIX fibrofa, annua. CAULES nudi, palmares, i ad 5 aut plures in folo fertili ex eadem radice nafcuntur. FOLIA ovato-lanc eolata, bafi anguftiora integra et fubferrata, (ferra nili unica aut duo, raro plures) fuper terram expanfa, fcabriufcula, hirfuta, pili bi-trifurci. PEDUNCULI alterni, uniflori. CALYX: PERiANTHiuM tetraphyllum, foliolis erettis, concavis, gibbis, obtufis, fubhirfutis. fg. 1 . COROLLA tetrapetala, petala alba, calyce duplo longi- ora, bipartita. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta fex incurvata, quorum 4 longitudine Piflilli 2 breviora ; Anthers flava z. fg. 3. 4. •PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, compreflum ; Stylus vix ullus; Stigma capitatum, planum. fg. 5. PERICARPIUM: Filicula ovata, comprefla, brevi mucrone obtufo terminata, bilocularis, bivalvis, valvulis plano-concavis; fg. 6. SEMINA plura, ovata, fufea, margini Dissepimenti affixa, fg. 8. 9. ¥ ROOT fibrous and annual. ¥ STALKS naked, about three inches high, one to five I and frequently more, if the foil be rich, fpring t from the fame root. ¥ I LEAVES of an oval pointed ffiape, narrower at bottom, t fome of them entire, and others a little ferrated, or indented, (feldom more than one or two in- l dentations in a leaf,) lpreading on the ground, t roughilh, hirfute, fome of the hairs bifurcate, others trifurcate. * l PEDUNCLES alternate, umflorous. CALYX: a Perianthium of four leaves, which are upright, hollow, gibbous, obtufe, and fome- what hairy. Jig. 1 . COROLLA tetrapetalous, the Petals white, twice the length of the Calyx, and bipartite, Jig. 2. STAMINA: fix Filaments which bend inward, 4 long the height of the Piftillum, and 2 ffiort ;. the Anther.® yellow, fg. 3. 4. PISTILLUM : The Germen oval and flat ; Style fcarce any ; Stigma a fmall head flat at top. I SEED-VESSEL a ffiort oval pod, flat, and terminated by a ffiort blunt point, having two Cavities and two Valves, the Valves {lightly concave, fg. 6: ¥ SEEDS feveral, oval, brown, fixed to the edge of the I Dissepiment or Partition, fg. 8. 9. ON Walls, dry Banks, and in barren Fields, the white bloffoms of this diminutive plant, are very confpicuous in the months of March and April, a feafon when any kind of bloflom is viewed with pleafure, as it cannot fail to excite the pleafing reflexion that the feafon is approaching when “ All that is fweet to fmell , all that can charm Or eye or ear , burfs forth on every fde And crouds upon the fenfes Linmeus informs us that in Smoland a Province of Sweden, they fow their Rye when this plant is in bloflom, and that in the night time and in wet weather its flowers droop. Galen fays that Paronychia or Whitlow Grafs has its name from its properties, for it heals Whitlows ; but Commentators are much in doubt concerning the plant itfelf. From the account of the Antients, it appears that it is a different plant from what \ve are now deferibing; fome have fixed on Wall Rue, (Asplenium Put a muraria, ) others on a plant refembling Spurge, fuch is the confufion that arifes from imperfect deferiptions. .- 4 ' •' Thlaspi Bursa pastoris. Shepherd’s Purse. THLASPI hinnai Gen. Pl. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. Silicula emarginata, obcordata, polyfperma : valvulis navicularibus, margi- nato-carinatis. Raii Syn. Gen 21. Herba: tetrapetala: siliquosa: et siliculosa:. THLASPI Burfa paforis filiculis cbcordatis, foliis radicalibus pinnatifidis. Linnai Syfi. Vegetab. p. 491. Spec. Pl. 903. FI. Suecic. 227. NASTURTIUM filiquis triangularibus, Haller hifi. v. 1. p. 221 PASTORIA BURSA Fufchii icon. 61 1. BURSA PASTORIS major folio finuato. Bauhin Pin. 108. Gerard emac. 276. Parkinfoni Fheat. 866. Raii Syn. 306. Hudfon. FI. Angi. 247. Scopoli. FI. Carniol. v. 2. 17. RADIX annua, fibrofa, albida. CAULIS pedalis, eredtus, ramofus, teres, fubafper. FOLIA radicalia hirfutula, pinnatifida, laciniis quoad formam mire variantibus, caulina amplexicaulia, dentata. PEDUNCULI uniflori, demum fere horizontales. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, concavis, fubpilofis, margine membranaceis, fig. X. COROLLA: Petala quatuor alba, calyce paulo lon- giora, apice rotundata, fg. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta fex, alba, quorum quatuor longitudine Styli, duo breviora incurvata ; An- thera: flavas, fg. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen oblongo-cordatum ; Stylus breviflimus ; Stigma villofum, fg. 4. PERICARPIUM : Silicula laevis, obcordata, bivalvis, fg- 5- SEMINA plurima, pedicellata, flayefcentia, margini Diflepimenti affixa, fg. 6. PISSEPIMENTUM qtrinque acutum Valvis contrari- um. ’ ROOT annual, fibrous and whitiffi. STALK about a foot high, upright, branched, round, a little prickly. LEAVES : radical leaves flightly hirfute, pinnatifid, the lacinias or jags varying exceedingly in their form ; the upper leaves embracing the flalk, and indented at the edges. PEDUNCLES, fupporting one flower on each, nearly horizontal when the flowers are gone off. CALYX - - a Perianthium of four leaves, the leaves oval, hollow, flightly hairy, and membranous at the edges, fg. 1 . COROLLA: four white Petals, a little longer than the Calyx, round at top, fg. 2. STAMINA : fix white Filaments, four of which are of the fame length as the Style ; two are fhorter and bent a little inwards : An- thera: yellow, fig. 3. PISTILLUM :Germen of an oblong heart-lhap c;Style very fhort ; Stigma villous, fig. 4. SEED-VESSEL; a fhort fmooth pod, triangular or heart-Jhaped , with two valves, fig. 6. SEEDS numerous, of a yellowifh colour, Handing on little foot-ftalks, which connedts them to the edge of the Diflepimentum or Partition, fg. 6. PARTITION pointed at both ends, placed crofs-ways to the Valves. THE radical leaves of this plant differ fo exceedingly in their appearance, that the mofl expert Botanifl is often obliged to have recourle to its mofl: ftriking charadter, the fhape of its Seed-veflels, before he can with certainty diftiqguifh it. When it grows on walls and in dry fituations, the leaves are more deeply divided, and the Laciniae become much narrower ; in cultivated ground they are broader and lefs jagged : It differs likewife no lefs with repect tp its fize, fometimes being not more than two or three inches high, and at other times as many feet. March and April are the months in which it is found mofl: generally in bloflom, yet like the Groundfel and Poa annua , it may be found in this ftate at almoft any time of the year, It acquires its name of Shepherd’s Pouch or Purfe , from the particular fhape of its pods, by which it is ob- vioufly diftiriguifhed from all our other Tetradynamous plants. The plant is colledted and given to fmall birds, who appear to be very fond of the feeds, and this is the only ufe to which we at prefent know of its being appliedv ' ■ ... - ' Geranium cicutarium. Hemlock-leav’d Crane s-bill. GERANIUM GERANIUM GERANIUM Lmncel Gen. PL Monadelphia Decandria. Monogyna. Stigmata quinque. Fru'Slus roftratus, pentacoccus. Raii Synof Herba: pentapetal® vasculifer®. dmtarmm pedunculis Multifloris, floribus pentandris, foliis pinnatis incifls obtufis, caule ramofo. Limxi Syjl. Vegetab. p. 90. FI. Suecic. p. 243: petiolis multifloris, caule pfocumbente, foUis duplicato-pinnatis, pinnulis acute incifls. Haller hijl. No. 944. cicuta: folio minus, et fupinum. Baubin pin. 319. cicuta: folio inodorum album. Gcmri mac. 943. 946- mofchatum inodorum. Parhnfin 1708. Bm Syn. 35 jr. Field Crane’s-bill without fcent- Hudfon FL Angl. 262. RADIX annua, albida, fimplex, carne tenera, cum nervo intus duriore et tenaciore, paucis fibris inftrudta, craffiufcula, et in terram alte dei- cendens. CAULES ex eadem radice nafcuntur plures, crafliuf- culi, . teretes, hirfuti, procumbentes, ramofi, variae longitudinis pro ratione loci. FOLIA pinnata, pinnis feffilibus pubefcentibus, pinnulis acute incilis. ’STIPULiE ad exortum foliorum membranaceae^ albida;, ovato-acut*, fuperiore integra, fg. 1 ; inferiore in duas divifae, fg. 2. PEDUNCULI axillares, alterni, hirfuti, multiflori, lon- tudine foliorum. FLORES umbellati, rofei, a tribus ad fex. INVOLUCRUM membranaceum, multidentatum, fg. 3; Pedicelli bali crafliores, deflexi et demum affurgentes. CALYX : Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis, flriatis, hirfutis, concavis, mucronatis, fg. 4. COROLLA : Petala quinque, fubovata, plana, fubae^ qualia, rofea, ball hirfuta, calyce longiora, M 5 - STAMINA : Filamenta decem, quorum quinque alterna Antheris carentj^-. 7: Anther® fatu- rate purpurafcentes, fg. 6. NECTARIA : Glandulce quinque fufcae circa bafin flami- num locantur, fg. 9. PISTILLUM : Germen quinquangulare, villofum ; Stylus fubulatus, fulcatus ; Stigmata quin- que purpurafcentia, paululum reflexa, fg. 10, 1 1. PERICARPIUM nullum; Fructus pentacoccus, rof- ROOT annual, whrtilh, Ample, tender, the firing or nerve in the middle of it hard and tough, furnifhed with few fibres, large for the fize of the plant, and penetrating deep into the earth.' STALKS : feveral ufually fpring from- the fame root, thick - ifh, round, hirfute, procumbent and branched, of various lengthsaccordingto their place of growth. LEAVES pinnated, the pinnae fertile and {lightly hairy, the pinnulae fharply indented.- STIPULiE at thebafe of the leaves membrahbus, whitilh, acutely oval, the uppermofl intire, fg. 1 ; the lowermofl generally divided into two, fg. 2. FOOT-STALKS of the flowers fpringing from the bafe of the leaves, alternate, hirlute, the length of the leaves, and fupporting many flowers. FLOWERS growing in an Umbell, from three to fix, of a rofe-colour. INVOLUCRUM membranous, with many teeth, fg. 34 the fmall foot-flalks of the flowers thickefl at bottom, turningdown, andlaflly turning upward. CALYX : a Perianthium of five leaves, the folioli oval, flriated, hirfute, concave, and terminating in a fine point, fg. 4. COROLLA : five Petals, fomewhat oval, flat, nearly equal, of a rofe colour, hairy at bottom, fome- | Avhat longer than the Calyx, fg. 5. ¥ STAMINA: ten Filaments, five of which want the I Anther*, the Anther.® of a deep purple ¥ colour, fg. 6. I NECTARIA : five brown Glands placed round the bale of the Stamina, fg. 9. t PISTILLUM : Germen quinquangularand villous, Style SEMEN oblongum. Leve, fufeum, arillatum, fg. 14, Arilla hirfuta ; Arista pradonga pilofain- ftrudta qu* demum fpiralis evadit, fg. 12, 13. tapering and grooved ; Stigmata five, of a. purple colour, bending a little back,_/^-. 10, 1 1. SEED-VESSEL none; Fruit as yet unripe, formed of five protuberating feeds, and terminating iu a long beak. oblong, fmooth, brown, inclofed within an A- rillus,^. 14, which is hirfute, and furnifhed with a long hairy Arista, finally becoming fpiral, fg^ 12, 13. SEED We have often had occafion to remark the very great difference in the appearance of plants arifing from foil and fituation ; of this the young Botanifl cannot be too well appriled, nor too often informed : from a want of attention to this circumflance, the plant which we have now deferibed, has been divided by different Authors into feveral fpecies. It feems worthy of notice, that the alterations which are produced in plants from growing in a richer foil, are chiefly thofe of encreafe of fize, and a multiplication of their parts ; the minuti* of the fructification fuffer but little change in their form by culture, hence they are often moft to be depended on, even in afcertaining different fpecies. When the Geranium Cicutarium grows on a dry fandy bank, or wall, as it very frequently does, it is quite diminutive ; when it occurs in a moifler and more luxuriant foil, the branches extend often a foot or two in length, and the whole plant becomes fo altered in its general appearance, as readily to deceive the inexperienc’d Tyro ; but the long pointed fruit which occurs in both, and from whence this plant has obtained the name of Cranes-bill , readily points them out to be the fame. The feeds of the Geraniums are, in general, enclofed within a membranous Arillus, which terminates in an Arif a or ! fail , of different lengths in different fpecies ; in fome of them, when the feeds are become ripe, they detach themfelves from the receptacle, to which they are affixed, with confiderableelaflicity, and the feeds being loo fely contained with- in the Arillus , are thrown out to a confiderftble diftance. In the prefent fpecies, the feeds are more clofely inverted bv the Arillus , which does not leparate itfelf with fo much force, and as foon as detached, the Arif a begins to be twifted up in a fpiral form. This may be very diftindtly oblerved if we feparate a feed, with its Arillus , as foon as ripe, -and place it in the palm of the hand, the tail of the Arillus immediately appears in motion, as if endued with fome fen- litive property, and continues uninterruptedly this motion, ’till it has afl’umed the form of a ferew, vid. fg. 13. The feed thus furnifhed with its twifted Arilla, is more liable to attach itfelf to any thing which may come in contact with it, by which means this plant is more univerfally difleminated. The Geranium mofchatum has a great affinity with this fpecies, that plant however has a ftrong fmell of mulk, which this entirely wants ; and has alfo many other peculiarities, which we lhall not fail to particularize when it comes to be treated of. ' „ . • I ■ i ' ■ . ■ Geranium Robertianum. Strong-scented Cranes-bill, or Herb Robert. GERANIUM Lirneei Gen. PI- Monadelphia Decandria. Stigmata quinque. F rudius roftratus, pentacoccus. Pali Syn. 335. Herb;e pentapetala: vasculifera:. GERANIUM robertianum pedunculis bifloris, calycibus pilofis decemangulatis. Limuei Syjl. V getab. p. 515.' FI. Suecic. 24 1. n. 619. GERANIUM foliis duplicato pinnatis, pinnis ultimis confluentibus, calycibus ftriatis, hirfutis. Haller GERANIUM GERANIUM GERANIUM GERANIUM hijl. n. 943. robertianum. Scopoli FI. Carniol. n. 845. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 264. robertianum primum. Bauhin. Pin. 319. robertianum. Gerard, emac. 939. robertianum vulgare. Parkinfon 710. Rail Syn. p. 358. RADIX annua, fufca, fibris ramofis praelongis inftrudla. CAULES plures, diffufi, ramofi, fanguinei ut ut tota planta haud infrequenter, geniculis tumidis, piloli, pnefertim in junioribus plantis. FOLIA oppofita, pilofa, prascipue in umbrofis, unum- quodque folium e tribus foliolis pinnatifidis ball confluentibus componitur, foliolo medio longius pedicellato, laciniis fpinula rubra terminatis. STIPULaE ad fingulum geniculum quatuor, utrinque bins. PEDUNCULI biflori. CALYX: Periantiiium decemangulatum, perfiftens, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis, nervofis, hirfutis, mucronatis,^. 1, 2. COROLLA : Petala quinque rofea, patentia, squa- lia, lamina fubcordata, unguis linearis, medio prominulo fulcato in tres nervos albidos divari- cante. fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta decem fertilia, fubulata, plana, alba, bafi cohasrentia ; An t heras pur- purafcentes, polline flavo repletae, fig. 4, au£t 5. PISTILLUM : Germen quinquangulare ; Stylus fubu- latus, villofus; Stigmata quinque, rubra, paululum reflexa, fig. 6. SEMINA quinque Arillata, lasvia, ovata, fufca ad unum latus comprefla, fig. 9 ; Arillus rugofus, fis- 7 . 8 - ROOT annual, brown, furnifhed with long branched fibres. STALKS feveral, fpreading, branched, of a blood-red colour, as is frequently the whole plant, (the joints tumid,) hairy, particularly in the young plants. LEAVES oppofite, hairy efpecially when growing in the fhade, each compofed of three pinnatifid leaves, uniting at the bale, the middle leaf Handing on the longeft foot-ftalk, the laciniae or jags of the leaf terminated by a fmall red fpine. STIPULAE four at each joint, two on each fide of it. PEDUNCLES biflorous. CALYX: a Periantiiium having ten angles, and con- tinuing, the leaves ovato-lanceolate, nervous, hairy, terminating in a point, fig. 1, 2. COROLLA : five rofe-coloured Petals, fpreading and equal, the lamina fomewhat heart-fhaped, the claw linear, the middle part of it prominent, grooved, and fpreading into three whitifh nerves. STAMINA: ten fertile Filaments, tapering, flat, white, connetted at bottom; Anther as pur- plilh, filled with a yellow Pollen, fig. 4, mag- nified ,fg. s . PISTILLUM: Germen having five angles ; Style tapering, villous; Stigmata five, red, a little turned back, fig. 6, SEEDS five, contained within an Arillus, fmooth, oval, brown, flattened on one fide, fig. 9 ; the A- rillus wrinkled, fig. 7, 8. Although our Englifh Geraniums cannot boaft that grandeur and variety of fplendid colours fo confpicuous in many of the foreign ones, yet feveral of them are fufficiently beautiful to be entitled to a place in the gardens of the curious, particularly the Bloody Cranes-bill, ( Geranium Sanguineum-,) the Crowfoot Cranes-bill, (Ge- ranium Pratenfe ; ) the Perennial Doves-fioot Cranes-bill, (Geranium Perenne of Hudfon,) and the Herb Robert which we have now defcribed • the latter of thefe grows naturally in woods, but more particularly under the hedges which fur- round woods ; it likewife is frequently found in old hollow trees, and not uncommonly on the roofs of houfes Hot much expoled to the fun : it is an annual plant ; the feeds fow themfelves in Autumn, foon after the young plants come up ; flower the enfuing fpring, and continue to bloflom the whole Summer long, if the plant grows in the fhade : towards the latter end of the year, both ftalks and leaves become of a deep red or blood colour. The whole plant has a difagreeable fmell when bruifed, by which it will be diftinguilhed from our other fpecies. It appears to grow all over Europe, and as a proof of its being Hill more univerfal, Linnjeus mentions its prowing in Arabia fcelix. A variety with a white flower now and then ocurrs. If credit may be given to writers on the Materia Medica, it is a plant of confiderable efficacy in medicine, particu- larly as an Aftringent, hence it is recommended in all kinds of Hemorrhages ; and thofe who have the management of cattle, arefaid to give them an infufion of this plant when they make bloody urine. — Has not this practice originated from the doftrine of fignatures ? It is alfo celebrated as a vulnerary in fchrophulous, cancerous and putrid Ulcers, to which either the juice is applied, or the parts fomented with a dcco&ion of the herb ; as likewife in Contufions, diflolving the extravafated blood when applied in the form of a Cataplafm; and laftly it is laid to be exhibited with good fuccefs in the Stone and Gravel. — How far it merits thefe encomiums future experiments muft determine. The herb bruifed and applied to places infefted with Bugs, is laid by Linn.eus to drive them away. — — : — Orobus tuberosus. W q o d Pea. OROBUS Lintuei Gen. PI. Diadelphia Decandria. Raii Synop, Gen. 23. Herb.® flore papilionaceo, seu leguminos®. OROBUS tultrnfus foliis pinnatis, lanceolatis ; ffipnlis femifagittatis integerrimis, caule fimpHci. tin. Sjfi. Vegetab. p. 55®’ Sutcic. n. 642« OROBUS caule Amplici ; follis fenis ellipticis; radice tuberofa. Haller, hijl. n. 417. ASTRAGALUS fylvaticus, foliis oblongis glabris. Bauhm. pm. 351. Gerard, einac. 1237. LATHYRUS fylveftris lignofior. .Parkinfin, i o 7 n. Rnii Symp. p. 32. 4 - Wood Peafe, or Heath-Peafe. HuJ- fin, FI. Angi. p. 274- SmptB. FI- Carn- n. 883. RADIX perennis, tuberofa. CAULIS fimnlex, ereftus, pedalis, alatus, fubtortuofus. FOLIA pinnata, Cirrho brevi reflo terminata, Pin- narum paria duo, tria, elliptica, mucronata, glabra fubtus casrulefcentia. STIPULA femifagittatze, faspe integrae, Aepius vero ad balin hamatae, dente unico aut pluribus. RAMI florigeri, i, 2, 3, aut plures ex foliorum alis, pri- mum nutantes, Flores pulchelli, ex rubro purpurei, demum caerulefcentes. CALYX Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, purpureum, bafi obtufum ; ore quinquedentato, denticulis tribus inferioribus acutioribus, duobus fuperioribus brevioribus, obtufe divifis, fubaf- furgentibus, Jig. 1. COROLLA Papilionacea: Vexillum obcordatum, re- flexum,/^-. 2. Al® conniventes, Carina con- nexa. Unguis linearis, jig. 5. Lamina obtula. Carina ,fg. 7, acuminata, aflurgens, margi- nibus cavis ad Alas recipiendas,/#, 9. STAMINA : Filamenta diadelphia (fimplex et novem fidum) adfcendentia, jig. 11, 17. Anther® flavae, Jig. 12. ad bafm filamenti fimplicis et fuperioris, foramina duo obfervantur,/#. 16. PISTILLUM: Germen cylindraceum, compreflum, Stylus filiformis, ereftus, lateri interiori prope apicem villofus, jig. 13. PERICARPIUM Legumen teres, longum, primum ru- brum, demum nigrum, jig. 1 4. SEMINA plura, fubrotunda, e luteo-fufca, jig. 15. ’ ROOT perennial and tuberous. i STALK Ample, upright, about a foot high, winged and fomewhat twilled. : LEAVES pinnated, terminated by a fhortflraitCiRRHus confifting of two or three pair of Pinnae which are elliptical, and end in a fmall fharp point , fmooth and underneath blueifh. ’ STIPULiE femifagittate, frequently entire but more often jagged at bottom, with one or feveral teeth. ; BRANCHES which fuflain the flowers 1, 2, 3, or ; more, fpringing from the bofom of the leaves, atfirft drooping- the Flowers beautiful, of a reddifh purple colour, becoming blue as they •: go off. ;! CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, pur- : ; pie, blunt at bottom, the mouth quinquedentate, ■: the three lowermofl teeth fharpeft, the two uppermoft fhdrteft, bluntly divided, and turned ; : a little upwards, jig 1 . COROLLA Papilionaceous : the Vexillum heart-fhaped, turning back, jig. 2. the Wings connivent ; ; and connected with the Carina, the Claw linear, jig. 5. the Lamina obtufe, jig. 6. the Carina ■ ; or Keel acuminate, riling upward, the edges hollow for the reception of the Alae or Wings, fig- 9 - . : STAMINA: ten Filaments, nine united into one. body below, and one feparate at top ,jig. 11, ;; 17. rifing upward. Anther® yellow,/#. 12. • : at the bafe of the Ample and uppermoft filament ;; two fmall holes are confpicuous, fig. 1 6. PISTILLUM: Germen cylindrical, and flattifh, Style thread-fhaped, interiorly near the tip villous, fig- ‘ 3 - ; ; SEED-VESSEL, a Legumen round, and long, flrft red, $ when ripe black, jg. 14. t SEEDS feveral, roundifh, of a yellowilh brown colour, * fig- 1 5- This elegant fpecies of Orobus grows very plentifully in all our Woods about Town ; it feems to delight in a ftrong clayey foil. It produces its blofloms in May and June and the feed is ripe in July. The root is large and tuberous, deeply Atuated in the Earth and taken up with difficulty ; it is not made any particular ufe of with us, but is co’nfiderably efteemed in fome parts of Great Britain: Mv very worthy and ingenious Friend the Rev. Mr. Lightfoot , of Uxbridge , has favoured me with the following account of its ufes, which he obferved in his late tour through Scotland : “ The Orobus tuberofus is very common in Scotland , both in the Lowlands, Highlands , and the Hebrides. It is called « j n t h e E r f e Language Cor-meille. The Highlanders dig up the Roots and dry them in their pockets, and chew ?'■' , ' • . .‘.v_ •' ■. <*■ .■ Hypericum perforatum. Common St. John’s Wort. HYPERICUM Limuei Gen . PI. Polyadelphia Polyandria. Rail Synopfs Gen. 24. Herb.® Pentapetala: Vasculiferje. HYPERICUM perforatum , floribus trigynis, caule ancipiti, foliis obtufis pellucido-pun&atis. Unmet Syfi, Vegetab. p. 58J. FI. Suecic. n. 680. PIYPERICUM caule terete, alato, ramofiffimo ; foliis ovatis, perforatis. Haller, kifi. vol. 2 . p. 4. HYPERICUM vulgare Bauhin. Pm. p. 279. Gerard, emac. 540. Parlinfon 572. Ran Syrnp. 342. Hudfon Ft. Angl. 290. Scopoli. FI. Carniol. n. 944, Tota planta glandulis nigris adfperfa. RADIX perennis, lignofa, fufca. CAULES plerumque pluresex eadem radice, bipedales, eredti, fublignofi, laves, teretes, alterne anci- pites fg. 1, ramofi. RAMI oppofiti, fuberedti, ancipites. FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, ovato-oblonga, obtufa, per- forata five pellucido-pundtata, heptanervia ex luteo-viridia. fg. 2. PEDUNCULI ancipites, multiflori. PANICULA denfa. CALYX : Perianthium quinquepartitum, ftriatum, laciniis lanceolatis, acuminatis, nudis, fg. 3. COROLLA : petala quinque, flava, ad unum latus cre- nulata, glandulis nigris adfperfa. fg. 4. STAMINA: Filamenta plurima, in tria corpora vix coalita, fg. 5. An thera: flavae, biloculares, loculis fubrotundis, inter quos, glandula nigra ponitur, fg. 6. PISTILLUM : Germen fubovatum. Styli tres diva- ricantes : Stigmata fimplicia. fg. 7. PERICARPIUM : Capsula fubtrigona fg. 8. trilocu- laris fg. 9. pallide fufca. RECEPTACULUM feu Thalamus feminum foramine triquetro gaudet, quod in pericarpii immaturi Tectione tranfverfa clare diftingui poteft, ut obfervavit Cl. Scopoli. SEMINA plurima, oblonga, fufca. fg. 10. 11. The whole plantis fprinkled over with fmall black glands. ROOT perennial, woody, of a brown colour. STALKS feveral for the moft part, fpringing from the fame root, about two feet high, upright, woody, fmooth, round, alternately two edged, fg. 1, much branched. BRANCHES oppofite, nearly upright, two edged. LEAVES oppofite, feflile, of an oblong oval fhape, obtufe, having the appearance of being all over perforated, of a yellowifh green colour, with feven nerves or ribs, fg. 2 PEDUNCLES two edged, fupporting many flowers. PANICLE bufhy, CALYX A Perianthium divided into five fegments, and flriated, the fegments narrow and pointed, without any glands on them. fg. 3. COROLLA : five Petals of a yellow colour, notched irregularly on one fide, and fprinkled over with little black glands, fig. 4. STAMINA : Filaments numerous, uniting at bottom in three fcarcely diftindt bodies or fafciculi/g-. 5. Anthera: yellow and bilocular, each of the Cavities of a roundifh figure, and between them is fituated a fmall black gland, fg. 6. PISTILLUM : Germen fomewhat oval, three Styles which divaricate; the Stigmata Ample, fg. 7. SEED-VESSEL: aC^psuiE fomewhat triangular, fg. 8, of a pale brown colour, with three Cavities, fig- 9- RECEPTACLE: the Receptacle which is continued through the Cap'fule, and conne&s the Cavities together, has a triangular hole in it, which is very obvious in a tranfverfe fedtion of it before it is ripe, — as the celebrated Scopoli has juftly obferved. SEEDS numerous, oblong, and brown, fg. 10. 11. It very often happens, that fome of the minute parts of the Flower, and Seed, afford a more, obvious, certain, and conflant mark of fpecific difference, than any part of the plant belides, and we have a remarkable inflance of the truth of this obfervation in the plant before us. A little gland, of a black colour, placed on the fummit of the Anthera, at one view diflinguifhes this fpecies, without any farther invefligation : did luch obvious diftindtions prevail in all plants, a knowledge of them might with much eafe be acquired ; and fortunately we fhall find, on examination, fuch marks more frequently occur than is generally imagined ; whenever they do, we fhall not fail to remark them. The apparent perforation of the leaves, from whence this fpecies is named, is not peculiar to it alone. Although in the prefent pradtice this officinal plant does not feem to be much reg-arded, yet its fenfible qualities, and the repeated teflimonies of its virtues, entitle it as Dr. Cullen* obferves to farther trials. To the tafte it is aftringent and bitter, and its effedls feem to be chiefly diuretic. From poflelling properties which havegenerally been called balfamic, it has been ufed as a vulnerary in external wounds, and internal hemorrhages, for the former purpofe, the tops of the plant with the flowers are infufed in oil, and for the latter, an infufion of the plant is made in the man- ner of Tea. It has likewife been given in ulcerations of the kidnies, and has even been fuppofed to poflefs virtues as a febrifuge. It has had the ill fate to beabufedby the fuperflition of the common people in France and Germany, who gather it with great ceremony on St. John’s Day, and hang it in their Windows, as a certain charm and defence againfl Storms, Thunder, and evil Spirits ; miflaking the meaning of fome medical writers, who have fancifully given this plant the name of Fuga Damonum becaufe they fuppofed, if given internally, it was a good medicine for maniacal and hypo- chondriacal Dilorders. The dried plant boiled with Allum dyes Wool of a yellow colour. It grows very common in hedges and fields that are but feldom tilled, and flowers in Auguft and September. *Vid. Dr. Cullen’s Materia Medica p. 206. ' I' n : • [ .■ '■ - ' - iS 'V !. !.V/ . - - " f'H . : -l; : ; ■ ' • •. . • ' £:.v ' J'JI.". ' ' ..I? 1 : : : ••• xh-5 ■ . 0 - / vra . Leontodon taraxacum. Dandelion. LEONTODON Umxi Gen. PL Syngenesia. Polygamia iEoyALis. Ran Syncpfi ed. 3. Gen. 6 . Herbie feore composito, naturas pleno eaciescentes. LEONTODON Taraxacum calycis fquamis inferne reflexis, foliis runcinatis denticulatis lasvibus. Lrnruri Syfl. Vegetab. p. 596. Sp. Plant 1122. FI. Suecic. 270. TARAXACUM calycibus gkbris, fquamis imis reflexis. Haller hifl. v. 1. p. 56. HEDYPNOIS taraxacum Scopoli Flor. Carn. n. 957. HEDYPNOIS major Fufchii. DENS LEONIS latiore folio Bauhin. Pin.p. 126. Gerari.emac. 290, Parhittfon 780. Ran Syn. ed 3. p. 176, Httdfin FI. Angi. p. 297. Oeder. FI. Dan. Icon. 574. RADIX perennis, fubfufiformis, lactescens, externe pallide fufca. FOLIA laciniato-pinnatifida, plus aut minus profunde incifa, laciniis acutis et acute dentatis, plerum- que laevia, nonnunquam vero fubafpera. SCAPI nudi, fiftulofi, laCtefcentes, verfus apicem fub- tomentofi, uniflori. CALYX communis laevis, glaucus, fquamis inferioribus reflexis , fg. i. COROLLA compofta, flava, corollulis hermaphroditis, numerofis, aequalibus. Propria monopetala, li- gulata, truncata quinquedentata, fg. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta quinque capillaria, breviflima, fg. 3. Anthers flava, in tubum cylindraceum coalita, fg. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen oblongum, 5, Stylus lon- gitudine corolla, fg. 6. Stigmata duo re- voluta, fg. 7. SEMEN fubincurvatum, fiibcomprefliim, fubtetrago- num, ftriatum, apice echinatum , pallide oliva- ceum, fg. 8, 9. Pappus ftipitatus, iimplex, ftipite brevior, fg. 1 o RECEPTACULUM nudum, alveolatum, fg. 11. : R °OT perennial, tapering, milky, externally of a pale brown colour. LEAVES . more or lefs deeply jagged, each jag or laci- nia pointed, and fharply indented, generally fmooth, but fometimes a little rough. STALKS naked, hollow, milky, towards the top co- vered with a kind of down, fupporting one flower on each. CALYX : the common or general Calyx fmooth, glau- cous, the lowermof leaves or fquamce turning back, fig. 1. COROLLA : the flower compounded of a great num- ber of CoROLLULiE or lefler flowers, which are yellow, hermaphrodite and equal ; each Corollula monopetalous, tubular at bottom, and flat towards the extremity, the apex truncated and quinquedentate. fg. 2. STAMINA: five Filaments l'mall and very ftiort. fg. 3. the Antherte yellow, uniting and forming a cylindrical -tube. fig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen oblong, fg. 5. Style the length of the Corolla, fg. 6. Stigmata two, rolling back, fg. 7. SEED a little crooked, flattilh, and fomewhat four fquare, ftriated or grooved, at top prickly, of a pale olive colour, fig. g, 9. the Down or pap- pus Handing on a footftalk, Ample, not fea- thery, Ihorter than the footftalk, fig. i 0 . RECEPTACLE naked, and full of little holes, fg. 1 1 . As a medicinal plant the Dandelion is thought to poflefs confiderable virtues, and has been frequently made ufe of inobftruCtions of the Vifcera, particularly the Jaundice. Some recommend the juice, others a decoCtion of the whole plant. It appears to operate chiefly by urine, and from pofleffing this property in a confiderable degree it has acquired its vulgar name of Pfs-a-bed. Its other, and more common name, feems to be a corruption of the French term Dent de Lion. As a kind of fallad, this plant is by many prefered to any other, particularly by the inhabitants of Spitalfields, many of whom being defcended from French families, that forfook their native country for one more favourable to religious liberty. Hill retain the peculiar cuHoms of that people in their diet, &c. They blanch, or whiten it as the gardeners do endive, and the inferior clafs generally ufe the Ample procefs of laying a tile on it, for whatever excludes the light from this or any other plant will make it become white, all plants deriving their colours from the fountain of light, the fun. And it is remarkable, that many plants containing bitter and acrid juices are rendered by this procefs mild, fweet, and agreeable : who, for iufiance, could eat endive, celery, or even lettuce, in their wild uncultivated Hates ? The Dandelion grows in the greatefl plenty in rich meadows, although it is very common on walls, and in courts and areas ; when growing in a barren foil or dry fituation the leaves become more narrow and jagged. It flowers in May, and is the firfl plant which covers our meadows with a beautiful yellow coat, a few weeks after- wards, when it produceth its feed, it changes this for a white one. Children frequently amufe themfelves with blowing off the feeds, which Hand naked on the receptacle or top of the Halk, and the round white heads,' formed by the expanfion of their pappus or down, they call clocks. The young botanifl generally finds fome difficulty in acquiring a clear idea of the ftruCture of thefe compound flowers, occafioned by the minutenefs of the parts of fruCtifi cation, which however are much larger and more con- fpicuous in this than in many others of the clafs Syngenesia, and therefore a proper flower for. him to begin with. On examining the flower of the Dandelion he will find that it is not a double flower, properly fo called, as he might be led to think from its fullnefs, but that it is compofed of a great number of Flofculi, or lefler flowers placed clofe together on one common receptacle or bottom, and enclofed by one common or general calyx. On difle&ing each of thefe Flofculi, he will find them toconfiff of a Corolla, or Petal 2, which at bottom is tubular, but towards the extremity flat, that from the bottom or tubular part of the corolla, five filaments fpring, which are fmall and ffiort, yet loofe and unconnected fg. 3, that thefe filaments are furnilhed with Anthers, which unite together and form a long flender tube fg. 4, beneath the corolla is placed the Germen, or future feed fig. 5, from whence the Style, or middle part of the Piflillum proceeds and pafl'es up through the middle of the flower, betwixt the Filaments and through the tube formed by the union of the Anthers, fg. 6, and is furnilhed at top with two Stig- mata which roll back, fg. 7, at a little diflance from the Germen the lower part of the Stylus is furrounded by numerous upright hairs which are the future Pappus or Down,j^. 10. This, then, he will find to be the appearance of the parts of fructification in a full blown flower. Thofe parts of the flower which were more immediately or more remotely neceflary to the impregnation of the Seed having now performed their office decay, the Corolla with the Stamina and upper part of the Piflillum drops off, the Seed becomes larger, the lower part of the Piflillum remains, is elongated and becomes the footftalk of the Pappus, and the Seed as yet immature with the Pappus as yet moift are all enclofed and prefled by the Calyx into a conical form. This is its appearance in its fecond ftate. The fructification Hill going forward the feed becomes ripe and brown, the Pappus now deprived of its moifture expands itfelf every way, fg. 1 o, pufhes back the Calyx, and aflumes a fpherical form. The feeds fitted for vegetation and thus expofed are carried away by the firfl ftrongwind, and “ a new race planted far from their native foil.” Such then is the curious procels which nature makes ufe of in the perfecting and diflemination of this plant. ■ ■ . .1 ' • . : • 1 • - . ; ^ 2 t ' i i - ■ . • • . ..i-./rl-v- 1 ,7 ; . :■ :l& f a"- . r .. -::;r:,E r . } > ■ ... . . : l ■ ■ Vi ■-■.* S. • ■ • vdl ‘-> 'ir.'.te :i •••.. . ' ; . ■ . ;1 f : ' . • . . £ . . ; , . . • ; . . ki ' l v .v. ' ... • • ' I- .. • : . . ,y .Tth. . ? . •; , :t ;.:i o , -tS !• : ‘ itoil To r.'s < . ,3 jo j •, f-iOUOfi "-rf-J ; tv.rrr. ■ . V • ••• .2 . - ■ , : i v i ■. h V» aisq ' ...: . t.a. . • . . -'"i v . :,v : r • ....... ; - . . ' . •.. ' : , , 'r -V* . , ■ i « n: r. . ; - ; fJT :>t -) JSWUSgTO t w:i - ; , • i . ■ •• .. j : : 7/ ;•» iB t 3in.ru U i.. .. . . ■ . . . . v,:-j ■ ... .; . . . ' • Lapsana communis. Nipplewort. LAPSANA Limuci Gen. Pl. Syngenesia Polygamia Jegualis. Receptaculum nudum. Cal. calyculatusf fquamis fmgulis interioribus ca- naliculatis. Raii Syn. Gen. 6 . Herbs flore composito natura pleno lastescentes. LAPSANA communis calycibus fruftus angulatis pedunculis tenuibus ramofiffimis. Linna, Syjl. Vegrtab. f. 602. Sp. pl 1141- FL Suecic.p. 277. LAMPSANA caule brachiato ; follis ovatis longe petiolatis ; petiolis pinnatis. Haller hift. n. 6. LAMPSANA communis. Scopoli FI Carniol. n. 988. SONCHO affinis Lampfana domeftica. C. Bauhinpin.p. 124. LAMPSANA Gerard, emac. 255. LAMPSANA vulgaris. Parkinfon 810. Rail Syn. 173. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 303. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. CAULIS eredtus, rigidus, bicubitalis, ftriatus, ramofus, hirfutus. FOLIA oppofita, hirfutula, ad radicem et in ima parte caulis uno vel altero pinnularum pari donata, fegmento terminali magno, ovato, dentato, fu- periora oblonga, dentata. CALYX : communis calyculatus, angulatus, laevis, fquamse ad bafin minimas ere&ae, fg. 1 • COROLLA compofita, imbricata, Corollulis herma- phroditis aqualibus ; propria monopetala, ligu- lata, truncata quinque dentata, fg. 2. STAMINA : Filament a quinque capillaria, breviflima; Anther.® cylindracea tubulola, fg. 2. PISTILLUM : Germen oblongiufculum ; Stylus filiformis, longitudine Staminum ; Stigma bifidum, reflexum, fg. 2. SEMINA circiter odtodecem, oblonga paululum incur- vata, pappo deftituta, intra calycem, fg. 3> 4* In gardens as a weed, this plant anfwers very well Nature feems amply to have fupplied the want of them produced in each plant. It alfo occurs on the 1 during moft of the Summer months. According to Ray it receives its name of Mpp/eu virtues or ufes feem attributed to it. ROOT annual, Ample, and fibrous STALK upright, rigid, about two cubits high, floa- ted, branched, hairy. LEAVES oppofite, fomewhat hairy, at the root, and on the lower part of the ftalk furmfhed with one or two pair of pinnulae ; the fegment which terminates the leaf large, oval, and indented; the upper leaves oblong and indented. CALYX ; the common Calyx fmooth, and furmfhed at bottom with a few minute, upright fquamuhe, fg- u COROLLA compound, imbricated, the flofcules her- maphrodite and etjual ; each of them monope- talous, ligulate, truncated, and having five teeth, fg. 2. STAMINA: five fmall and very fhort Filaments; Anther® uniting into a tube, fg. 2. PISTILLUM : Germen oblong ; Style filiform, the length of the Stamina: Stigma bifid and turning back, fg. 2. SEEDS about eighteen, oblong, a 'little bent in, with- out any down, contained within the Calyx, fg • 3 > 4. the name of communis , being in general too common, pappus or down in the feeds, by the great number of of banks, and in all cultivated ground ; flowering from its efficacy in curing fore nipples : no other Erigeron Acre. Purple Erigeron ERIGERON ERIGERON ERIGERON ERIGERON Linnai. Gen. Pl. Syngenesia Polygamia superflua. Rail Synopfs . Herbae flore composito, semine papposo non lactescentes, flore DISCOIDE. Acre pedunculis alternis unifloris. hin. Sp. PL I2ir. polymorphum Scopoli. PL CarnioL Diagn. folia lanceolata, bad et apice attenuata. Germina villo fa. Pappus ruffus» caule alterne ramofo, petiolis unifloris, femiflofculis pappum aequantibus, et femiflofculis pap- pum fuperantibus Haller, hijl. n. 85. 86. CONYZA caerulea acris Bauhin Pin. 265. Gerard emat. 484. ASTER arvenfis Caeruleus acris. Rail Syn. 1 75. Blue-flowered fweet -Fleabane. CONYZA odorata caerulea Parkinfon 126. SENECIO five Erigeron coeruleus L B. II. 1043 Mudfon FI. Angi. 314. Oeder FI. Dan. ' < Tab. 292. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris pallide fufcis. CAULIS ere&us, rigidus, pedalis, pupureUs, firiatus, foliofus, hirfiitus, in quibufdam vix ramofus in aliis ramofilfimus. FOLIA alterna, feffilia, hirfuta, inferiora obtufe ovata bafi anguftiora, fuperiora angufta, reflexa, tor- tuofa, ramorum linearia, fuberecta. FLORES ere&i, nunquam fefe explicantes ficut plerique flores Claflis Syngenefiae, externi purpurei, in- terni flavefcentes, cum cavitate in medio. CALYX communis imbricatus, fquamis fubulatis, erect- is, purpureis, hirfutis, laxis, Jig. 1 . COROLLA compojita, radiata; CorolluLe hermaphrodita tubuloliE, numerofie in difco, fg. 2. feminea figulatas, pauciores in radio, fg. 3. Propria her- maphroditi infundibuliformis, flava, limbo quin- quefido, j?§v2 : Feminea ligulata, linearis, eredta, purpurea, hermaphrodita longior, fg. 3. STAMINA hermaphroditis : Filamenta quinque, ca- pillaria, breviflima : Antherae in tubum coalitae. PISTILLUM Hermaphroditis : Germen coronatum Pap- po corolla paulo longior, fg. 4. Stylus filifor- mis longitudine Pappi fg. 5 ; Stigma bifidum fg. 6 : Femineis : Germen tenue. Pappo lon- gitudine fere Corollae, fg' 7 ; Stigmata duo, tenuiflima, fg. 8. SEMINA oblonga, pallide fufca, hirfuta , lente audi : fg' 9 : Pappus feflilis, lutefcens, fimplex, fg. ROOT perennial and fibrous, the fibres of a pale brown colour. STALK upright, rigid, about a foot high, purple, flria- ted, leafy, and hirfute, in fome fcarce branched at all, in others very much fo. LEAVES alternate, feflile, hirfute, the bottom ones of a blunt oval (hape, and narrow at bottom, the upper ones narrow, turning back and twifted^ thofe of the branches linear and nearly upright. FLOWERS upright, never expanding themfelves like moft of the flowers of the Clafs Syngenefia, externally purple, internally yellow, with a ca- vity in the middle. CALYX : the common Calyx compofed of a number of fcales, which are narrow and pointed, upright, purplifh, hirfute, and loofely conne&ed fg. 1 . COROLLA compound and radiated ; the hermaphrodite flowers tubular and numerous in the middle, fig. 2. the female flowers ligulate, and fewer in the circumference, fg. 3 : each hermaphro- dite flofcule, funnel-fhaped, yellow, with the limb divided into five legments, fg. 2 : each female flofcule, linear, upright, purple, longer than the hermaphrodite flower, fig. 3. STAMINA in the hermaphrodite flowers: five Fila- ments, very fmall and (hort ; the Antherae united into a tube. PISTILLUM of the hermaphrodite flowers ; the Ger- men crowned with a Pappus or Down a little longer than the Corolla, fg. 4 ; the Style filiform, the length of the Pappus, fg. 5 ; Stigma bifid, fg. 6 : of the Female flowers ; the Germen (lender, the Pappus nearly the length of the Corolla, jig. 7 ; two Stigmata very (lender, jig. 8. SEEDS oblong, of a pale brown colour, hirfute , magnifi- ed jig. 9 ; Pappus feflile, yellowifh and fimple f g . 10. The Erigeron Acre is by no means a common plant in our neighbourhood, yet occurs very frequently on the hilly and chalky ground about Charlton Wood, particularly in the chalk pits on the left hand fide of the lane behind the Church. It flowers in the months of Auguft and September, and is confidered as a pretty fure indication of a barren foil. It has a tafte fomewhat warm and biting, and hence has received its name of Acris. We have rather chofen to retain Linnaeus’s name of Erigeron than adopt Ray’s name of Fleabane, which tends to confound it with the Genus Conyza. It frequently grows much taller, and is often found much fmaller than the fpecimen we have figured. ' ■ ■ . - . • - . ; Senecio vulgaris. Groundsel. SENECIO Linncei Gen. Pl. Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. Receptaculum nudum. Pappus fimplex. Calyx cylindricus, calyculatus ; fquamis apice fphacelatis. Rjiii Syn. Herb.e flore composito, semine papposo non lactescentes, flore discoide. SENECIO vulgaris corollis nudis, foliis pinnato-finuatis amplexicaulibus, floribus fparfis. Linn. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 630. Sp. Pl. 1216. FI. Suecic. p. 290. SENECIO corollis nudis, foliis pinnato-finuatis amplexicaulibus, floribus fparfis. Haller hifl. n. 58. SENECIO vulgaris. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 162. n. 1063. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 315. SENECIO minor vulgaris. Bauhin Pin. 1 8 1. SENECIO vulgaris. Parkinfon 671. ERIGERON Gerard, emac. 278. Rail Syn. p. 178. Common Groundfel or Simfon. RADIX annua, e plurimis fibrillis albidis conflans. CAULIS fimplex, eredlus, pedalis, ramofus, fiepe pur- pureus, fubangulofus, in junioribus plantis ver- fus apicem fubtomentofus. FOLIA obfcure virentia, glabra, amplexicaulia, pinnato- finuata, pinnis acute dentatis. i t t PEDUNCULI flriati, uniflori, primum eredli, peradta | florefcentia penduli, demum eredti. | CALYX : communis primum cylindraceus, demum co- | nicus ; Squamis fubulatis, plurimis, in cylin- t drum fuperne contradlis parallelis, contiguis, | aequalibus, paucioribus bafin imbricatim tegen- * tibus, apicibus omnium nigricantibus, fg. 1 . | COROLLA Compofta , longitudine calycis ; Corollulee her- * maphroditae, tubulofie, numerofae in difco, in- | fundibuliform.es ; limbo reflexo, quinquefido : | Radio nullo, fg. 2, 3. J STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, capillaria, minima; £ An thera cylindracea, tubulofa. | PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum ; Stylus filiformis, £ longitudine flaminum; Stigmata duo ob- f longa, revoluta. | SEMEN oblongum, ftriatum, fufcum ; Pappus fimplex, | albus, femine triplo fere longior, fg. 4 ; Re- | ceptaculum nudum, fcabrum. ^ ROOT annual, confifling of numerous white fibres. STALK lingle, upright, about a foot high, branched, often purple, flightly angular, in the young plants, towards the top, thinly covered with down. LEAVES of a deep and dull green colour, fmooth, embracing the ftalk, pinnato-finuated, the pinna: fharply indented. PEDUNCLES ftriated, fupporting one flower on each, at firft upright, when the flowering is over they become pendulous, and laflly upright. CALYX ; the common Calyx firft cylindrical and laflly conical ; the Squamee fubulate, numerous, con- tratfled above into a Cylinder, parallel, conti- guous and equal ; thofe at the bafe of the calyx fewer, lying one over another, the tips of all of them blackifh, fg. 1. COROLLA Compound , the length of the Calyx ; the Florets hermaphrodite, tubular and numerous in the dilk or middle, funnel-lhaped, the limb reflex and divided into five fegments : the Ra- dius wanting, fig. 2, 3. STAMINA: Filaments five, capillary, and very mi- nute : Antherje united into a tube. PISTILLUM: Germen oval; Style filiform the length of the Stamina ; Stigmata two, oblong, and bent back. SEED oblong, ftriated and brown ; the Pappus fimple, white, almoft three times the length of the feed, fg. 4 ; Receptacle naked, and rough. The Groundfel is a Plant which is well known to grow exceedingly common in Gardens, cultivated Ground, and on Walls, flowering all the year if the weather be mild. Although it is fcarcely ufed at prefent as a medicine, yet according to fome Authors it is not without con- fiderable virtues : thejuice, or decoction of it taken internally, operates gently by vomit ; and the plant externally applied, is faid to be ufeful in inflamed Breafts, the Scrophula, and other Inflamations. Mr. Ray fufpedts that it might be given with advantage in Worms, as Farriers and Horfe-dealers give the juice of it to Horfes that are troubled with thofe kind of Worms called Bottes, and to which it is prefently fatal. Birds of various kinds are fond of the feeds and tops of this plant ; and a great variety of Caterpillars par- ticularly thofe of the Phalcena Jacobece eat it readily. ■ ' ' • • ■ ‘ *• i.**d • ’ ‘ IV. ir-.i-.i Aao.la soon lal l. •<'"'< V iy i ■ ,« • . -,h -i i :i ! 7 ;.■ : 'f! • ' ./.•/T ii.-* «i-.il:; • ; :t - ■' •'*;* , i . «' ‘ •I/ tin: : barji •• • i ' /if •••-• •> . 'V . r •. yr, •. •-! V • . • ' ’ !- . ! 1 . . .. v:.;-. . ;.r : . . Common Daisy. Bellis perennis. BELLIS. Limuei Gen. PI. Syngenesia Polygamia Sgeehflua. Raii Synopfis Gen. 8. Herba: flore composito discoide, seminibus pappo destitutis, Corymbifera; dicta:. BELLIS perennis , fcapo nudo. Linnai Syjletn. Vegetab p. 640. FI. Suecic. p. 29 6. Haller hijl. p. 39. Scopoli. FI. Carniol. v. 2. 146. BELLIS fylveftris minor Bauhinpin. 261. Gerard emac. 635. Parkinfon 530. Raii Syn. p. 184. Hudfion FI. Angi. 320. OEder. FI. Dan. icon. 503. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. FOLIA ovata, dentata, hirfutula, in petiolos longos decurrentia ; difrupta fila trahentia. SCAPI teretes, hirfuti, triuncinles, uniflori, ad apicem fiflulofi. CALYX communis fimplex, foliolis aequalibus fg. i. apice membranaceis, hirfutis, obtufis jig. 2. lente auct. COROLLA compojita , radiata : Corolluhs hermaphro- ditae, tubulofie, numerofie in difco. Fee minina ligulata:, calycis foliis plures in radio. Flofculi Hermaphroditi infundibuliformes quinquefidi flavi, jig. 3, 4. lente audi : Fceminai ligulati, lanceolati, albi,^. 10. STAMINA Hermaphroditis-. Filamenta quinque breviflima, Jig. 5. Anthera cylindracea, tu- bulofa, Jig. 6. PISTILLUM Hermaphroditis : Germen ovatum, _/£>•. 9. Stylus filiformis, 8. Stigma craffiuf- culum, bifidum, jig. 7. Fceminea: Germen ovatum, jSg-. 13. Stylus filiformis. Stig- mata duo patula, linearia, jig-. 1 1. SEMINA ovata, comprefla, marginata, pappo defli- tuta,j%. 14. RECEPTACULUM nudum, conicum, jig. 15. • ROOT perennial, and fibrous. > LEAVES oval, indented, flightly hirfute, running down the footftalks, which are long and if broke ; acrofs appear ftringy. : STALKS round, hirfute, about three inches high, fup- porting one flower, at top hollow. ; CALYX the common calyx Ample, the leaves equal, jig. 1. at the top membranous, hairy and obtufe,^. 2. ; one of the tips magnified. : COROLLA Compound and radiated : the Corollula or flofculi in the dilk or middle numerous, tubu- lar, and hermaphrodite , thofe in the radius or circumference flat, more numerous than the leaves of the calyx, and female, the Hermaphro- dite Flofculi funnel lhaped, divided into five fegments and yellow,^-. 3, 4. magnified. The Female flofculi tubular at bottom, flat towards the extremity, lanceolate, and white, jig. 13. STAMINA in the Hermaphrodite flower : five Fila- ments very fhort,y^-. 5. Anthera: united into a tube, jig. 6. PISTILLUM of the Hermaphrodite flower : Germen oval, fig. 9. Style thread-fhaped, fig. 8. Stigma thickilh and bifid, fig. 7. of the Fe- male flower: Germen oval, fig. 9. Style thread-lhaped, two Stigmata narrow and fpreading, _/?g\ 11. SEEDS oval, flat, margin’d without any pappus or down, jig. 14. RECEPTACLE naked and of a conical figure, 1 5: The Daify has been recommended by fome writers to be given in he£tic fevers, caufed by drinking cold water when the blood has been heated by exercife, either infufed in water or milk. In fome parts of Germany, it is faid to be boiled and eaten with meat as a pot-herb ; but it does not feem to promile much either asphyfic or food for man. Sheep and horfes refufe it, and it is very probable that none of our cattle eat it willingly ; if fo the owners of lands pay dear for their enamelled meads, and daified carpets, but this part of huf- bandry feems as yet little underftood or attended to. As rural oeconomifts we have ventured to fay thus much in dilpraife of this flower, notwithftanding the lavilh encomiums the father of our Englifh poets has bellowed on it : ■ In Ipecial one called Se of the daie The Daifie, a floure white and rede, And in french called La bel Margarete O commendable • floure, &c. Above all flouris in the mede Than love I moll thofe flouris white and rede • Such that men call in Dailies in our Town. Chaucer is perhaps the firll that takes notice of the Horologium Florae or opening and Ihutting of flowers at a par- ticular time of the day. She that is of all flouris the floure, Fullfilled of all virtue and honoure ; And ever alike fair and frelh of hewe. As well in winter as in fummer newe. As foon as ever the Sunne ginneth Well To fene this floure, how it will go to reft. For fear of night fo hateth Ihe darknefle Her chere is plainly fpread in the brightnefle of the Sunne. — Well by reafon men it calle male The Daifie, or elfe the Eye of the Daie And at the laft there tho began anon A Lady for to ling right womanly A Bargonet in praifing the Daifie For as methought among her notis fwete She faid Si douce eji la Margarete Retuned by Dryden in his own numbers : And then the Band of Flutes began to play. To which a Lady fung a Virelay ; And Hill at every clofe Ihe would repeat The Burden of the -Song the Daify is fo fiweet ‘The Daify is fo fweet when Ihe begun The troops of Knights and Dames continued on The Confort and the voice fo charm’d my Ear And footh’d my Soul that it was Heaven to hear. Etymologifts agree with the Old Bard in his derivation of the Daify, viz. Days Eye. Under the French name Margarette it is probable a compliment was intended to fome lady, but Critics are not agreed who this lady was Like many other flowers the Daify becomes double by culture, and frequently proliferous in this ftate it is called the Hen and Chicken Daily. Viola odorata. Sweet Violet. VIOLA Linnai Gen. Pi. Syngenesia Monogamia. Calyx pentaphyllus. Corolla pentapetala, irregularis, poftice cornuta. Capfuld fupera, trivalvis, unilocularis. Pail Syn. Gen. 24. Herb.® pentapetala: vasculifer®. VIOLx\ odorata acaulis, foliis cordatis, ftolonibus reptantibus, brad*is fupra medium pedunculi. VIOLA odorata, acaulis, foliis cordatis, ftolonibus reptantibus. Linn. Syjl. Vegetal, f . 668. VIOLA acaulis ftolonifera, foliis cordatis, Haller hifl: helv. n. 558 VIOLA odorata , Scopoli Fl: Carniol: n. 1097. VIOLA martia purpurea flore fimplici odoro. Bauhih Pin: p. 199. martia alba. p. 199. VIOLA nigra five purpurea. Ger. emac. 550. VIOLA fimplex martia. Parkinfon 755. Raii Syn : p. 364. Purple Sweet Violet, and White SWeet- fcented Violet. Oeder FI. Dan. icon. 309. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, albida, _ in fenefcente _ planta bafi petiolorum quotannis relida pars fuperior radicis tuberculofa evadit, et fupra terram emi- net ; e finu horum nodorum nafcuntur ftolones qui humi repent, et foliis inftruuntur ftipuhs- que ejufdem formae ae ili* quas ad bafin plantae inveniuntur: t ROOT perennial, fibrous and whitifh ; in old plants FOLIA fubrotundo-cordata, crenata, fup'crne glabra, in- ferne hirfutula, junioribus involutis. STIPULAE rfldlcaies, ovato-lanceolat*, membranace*, ferrata?, dentibus glanduliferis. PEDUNCULI radicals, infra Bradaeas quadrangulares, fupra Brad*as dorfo canaliculati, apice incur- vati, uniflori. BRACTEAE flu*, lanceolate, plerumque oppofitifi, ap- preflae, fupra medium pedunculi. CALYX : Perianthium: pentaphyllum, perfiftens, fo- liolis oblongo-ovatis, obtufis, e viridi purpurai- centibus, Jig. 1. . , COROLLA pentapetala, irregularis, violacea, odorata, petalum infimum Nedario corniculato, obtufi- ufculo, apice compreflo inftrudum, Petala la- teralia prope bafin barbata, fig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta quinque breviffima *gre dif- tinguenda : Anther® flavefcentes, biloculares, vix" connexae, membrana ovato-acuta aurantiaca terminat* ; e parte pofteriori duarum Anthera- rum exit Nedariumque intrat appendicula viridis, linearis, compreffa, fig. 5, 4- 3 ' PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum ; Stylus bafi tenuior et paululum tortuofus ; Stigma unci- natum, Antheris paulo longius, fig. 6,7. PERICARPIUM priufquam dehifcit, fubrotundo-tri- angulare, * purpurafcens, villofum ; trivalve valvulis fubrotundis concavis, fg. 8. SEMINA plurima, rotunda, nitida, ftraminea, appendi- culata, fg. 9. pciciuuai, «uivui anu ve» the upper part qf the root becomes knobby, and appears above ground, the knots or knobs being formed from the bottoms of the foot-ftalks of the leaves which are yearly left ; from the bofoms of thefe knobs fpring the ftolones or fhoots which creep on the ground, and are furnifhed with leaves and the lame kind of Stipula: which are obfervable at the bottom ^ of the plant. i LEAVES heart-fhaped and fbriiewhat round at the tip, I crenated, on the upper fide fmooth and Alining, I underneath {lightly hairy, when young rolled t in at the edges- I STIPULAE fpringing from the root, ovato-lanceolate, I membranous, ferrated at the edges, each ferra- I ture Or tooth terminating in a minute gland. I PEDUNCLES fpringing from the foot, below the Brade* quadrangular, above the Brade* grooved on the I upper fide, at top incurvated, fupporting one % flower. I BRACTEAE two, lanceolate, generally oppofite to each other, prefled to the ftalk, and placed above the middle of the Peduncle. CALYX : a Perianthium of five leaves, continuing, each leaf of an oblong oval fhape, obtufe at the tip, and of a greenifh purple colour, fg. 1. COROLLA: of five Petals, irregular, of a bluifh pur- ple colour and fweet fmell, the lowermoft ter- minating in a blunt horned Nect arium, a little flattened at the extremity, the two fide Petals bearded near the bafe, fg. 2. STAMINA: five Filaments fo fhort as hardly to be diftinguifhed ; Anther® yellowifh, bilocular, fcarcely conneded together, terminated by an oval-pointed, orange- coloured membrane ; from the back of two of the Anther*, fprings a flend- er, flat, greenifh appendage, which enters the Nedarium, fig. 5, 4, 3 - _ . . PISTILLUM : Germen roundifh ; Style flendereft at % bottom and a little twifted *, Stigma hooked, % and a little longer than the Anther*,/#. 6, 7. I SEED-VESSEL, before it burfts, roundifh, rather ap- | proaching to triangular, of a purplifh colour, t and villous appearance, fplitting into three round- ! ifh hollow valves, fig. 8. I SEEDS feveral, round, fhining, of a ftraw colour, ter- ¥ minated by a little appendage, fig. 9. Th. M. delights to grow undet t is generally in full bloom in the month of Mamh ^djowus ^ ^ agreeaUe fcent t0 the blue one; A variety of this plant frequently occurs w * oftcn introduced into Gardens, and being fornifhcd md fometimes this plant is found double in which ltate “ „ te d with the utmofl facility. to ** the mode ° f we fhall point out when we defcnbe the latter. frequently given to children where a gentle The feeds are faid by Authors to poflefs a diuretic quality, and hence the powder of them has been recom- mended in the ftone and gravel. The great Bacon, who frequently defcended from his fublimer ftudies, and amufed himfelf with enquiries into the qualities and properties of plants, has left us a curious method of preferving the fcent of this flower “ 'Take Violets, and infufe a good pugil in a quart of. Vmeger , let them fland three quarters of an hour, and tab “ them forth, and refrefh the infufon with like quantity of Violets feven times ; and it will make a Vmeger fo f ref “ of the flower, as if a twelve monet h after it be brought you in a faucer, you fall fmell it before it come at you “ Note. It fmelleth more perfectly of the flower a good while after than at the firflV The illuftrious prefcriber has given no directions concerning the ufe of this preparation, but it appears to u: to be one of the moft grateful prefervatives againfl: infeCtion, efpecially if the ftrongeft diftilled vinegar whicl has been drawn over in glafs, be made ufe of. The Violet has been much complimented by the antient Poets ; and our Shakespeare gives it a confpi cuous place in his catalogue of flowers. “ Violets dim, “ But fweeter than the lids of Juno’s eyes, cc Or Cy there a’s breath The Commentators have not been fuccefsful in informing us how the “ lids o/'Juno’s eyes” bear any refembl* n ° to “ Violets dim," not recollecting that wfixetpct^oc (having violet eyelids) was a complimentary title with the Greek poets This epithet alludes to a well known cuftom which ftill prevails in Greece, of colouring the eye lids blue. *“ i “ Grecian girl is painted blue round the eyes ; and the infides of the fockets, with the edges on which th “ lathes grow, are tinged with black : For colouring the lathes and focket of the eye, they throw incenfe o “ Gum of Labdanum on fome coals of fire, intercept the finoak which afcends, with a plate, and colled th “ foot : This I faw applied ; a girl fitting crofs-legged, as ufual, on a fopha, and doting one of her eyes, tool “ the two lathes between the fore finger and thumb of her left hand, pulling them forward, and then thruflinj “ in, at the external corner, a bodkin which has been immerfed in the foot, and extracting it again, the par “ tides before adhering to it remained within, and were prefently ranged round thp organ, ferving as a foil t “ its luftre, betides contributing, as they fay, to its health, and increafing its apparent magnitude,” Chandler’ Travels into Greece. Altho’ the poet of nature has been rather obfcure on this fubj'ed, where he copies the ancients ; he make • ample amends when he gives us the genuine effufions of his own imagination. With what precifion am delicacy does he defcribe the foft enchantment of plaintive mufic, as refembling the fweetnefs of this flower illuftrating in a beautiful fimile the object of one fenfe by that of an other ! “ That flrain again ; it had a dying fall-, “ Oh! it came o’er my ear, like the fweet fouth, “ That breathes upon a bank of violets, “ Stealing and giving odour!” "A Greek poet fuppofed to be a Chriftian, from the feverity of his manners and purity of his iiiftruftions, forbids this cuftom of painting the ev f pds, in the rules of conduct which he addrtiles to young womtui, “ f “ Te5iff*iv vv f o fiMQxgoi criv CTTW^ar." Naumachiu?. It is probable that the Greeks borrowed this falhion from their Afiatic neighbours ; Jezekf.l, a native of Zidon, put Iter eye, in palatine as tl tranflators tell us in the margin of our bible ; the Prophets alfo allude to and ctnfure this cullcm, fee Jeremiah iv. 30. Ezekiel xxiii 40! ’ \ i o L A M i R T A. Hairy Violet. VIOLA Ltnnai Gen. pL Syngenesia Monogamia; Calyx pentaphyllus. Corolla pentapetala, irregularis, pollice cornuta* Capfuld fupra, trivalvis, unilocularis. lR.au Synop. Gen. 24. Herb.® pentapetAl® vasculifer®. VIOLA hirta acaulis, foliis petiolifque hirfutis, bra&asis infra medium pedunculi* VIOLA hirta acaulis, foliis cordatis pilofo hifpidis. Linn. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 668, VIOLA acaulis, foliis cordatis hifpidis. Haller hi/l. helv. n. 559. VIOLA hirta Hudfon PL Angl. p. 330. VIOLA martia major hirfuta inodora. Hi/l. ox. II. 475, VIOLA trachelii folio vulgo. Rail hi/l. 1051. Syn. p. 365* Violet with Throat- wort leaves. So great is the fimilarity betwixt this Species and the Viola odorata, that to defcribe it in the fame man- ner as I have that plant, would be to repeat nearly the fame words. To avoid this famenels of expreffion, I fhall adopt a defcription in the way of contrail, which will enable me to point out the differences of each in a manner more Itriking, and I hope equally fatisfadlory to my botanic readers. I would firfl premife, that as it is my greatell wifh to clear up every difficulty refpedting the fpecies and varieties of thofe plants which come properly before me, fo I have with that view, not only examined this plant with the greatell attention, where it has grown wild, but alfo cultivated it in my garden along with the odorata , and hence, feeing and noticing its mode of growth throughout the year, have perhaps been able to obtain a clearer idea of its hiflory, than thofe who may have viewed it at one particular feafon only. The Viola odorata throws out from the upper part of its root a number of Ilolones or fhoots, which trail on the ground, and quickly take root at the joints, whereby it propagates itfelf very fall : the hirta likewife encreafcs itfelf by throwing out young flalks ; but then they are not procumbent, nor do they ever Ilrike root as thofe of the odorata do ; hence the hirta does not encreafe fo fall, nor fpread fo wide. Although Linn®us makes a confiderable difference in the form of the roots of thefe plants, yet from what I have obferved, this difference pro- ceeds chiefly from the age of the roots ; for in both fpecies, the older they are, the more full are they of tubercles of cicatrices, formed by the annual Ihedding of the leaves. The radical Stipule are lanceolate and ferrated in both fpecies. ’Tb.efootflalks of the leaves form perhaps the moll obvious difference ; in the odorata they are nearly fmooth 5 in the hirta they are very hirfute, and this hairinefs puts on a kind of filvery appearaue in the young plants of this fpecies, where it is remarkably confpicuous. In the leaves themfelves the difference is for the mofl part, not very remarkable, for in both fpecies they are fomewhat hirfute underneath ; thofe of the hirta however, are fometimes remarkably fo, from growing in particular foils or fltuations : the leaves of the odorata have a more glofly appearance on their upper furface, but this fcarce diferiminates them unlefs they are contrafled. With refpect to fhape and iize likewife, the difference is not very obvious ; both fpecies when in bloom are fmall, compared with the fize to which they afterwards grow. In make they are fomewhat longer, and not fo perfectly heart-fhaped. In the fpecimens of this plant which I have examined, I could not perceive that fenfible difference which Linn®us notices (vid. Manti/f. Plant, alt. p. 483.) in the fhape of the Peduncle above the Bradlea; ; in both fpecies they certainly are channeled at the back : in the fituation of the BraiSlete, however, there is a very confiderable difference, which does not appear to have been taken notice of, and this feemed to me to be fo obvious a character, that I trufl it will apologize for my altering its fpecific defcription : in the odorata , the Bradtea are placed above the middle of the Scapus, or Peduncle ; in the hirta, they are fituate below it : but there is one .caution neceflary to be' obferved refpedling this charadter, viz. that the Bradteae of each be obferved, jufl when the flowers are fully expand- ed, for as that part of the Scapus, which is fituated above the Bradley, grows confiderably longer by the time that the flowers of the odorata are faded, fo they fhould both be examined when of an equal age, otherwife this diflinction will not appear fo remarkable. The flowers of the hirta, in general, appear about a week later than thofe of the odorata, are of a paler blue colour, and entirely want that fweet fragrance which renders the odorata fo grateful a harbinger of the Spring. In the other parts of the fructification, thefe plants are very fimilar to each other ; but there is one circumflance refpeding the manner in which they produce and difperfe their feeds, which may not be generally known* Linn®us in his Flora Snecica, n. 789, obferves that the flowers which the Viola mirabilis firfl produces from the root, are furnifhed with Petals, yet that thefe for the mofl part are barren, while thofe which blow later the fame Spring, and rife from the flalk, although deflitute of Petals, produce perfedt feed : and Jacquin, in his excellent work The Flora Auftriaca, where this plant is figured, (Vol. r. pi. 19.) confirms the truth of Linn®us’s observations, and fays that the barrenefs of thofe flowers appeared to arife from a deficiency of the Stylus. Linn®us in his va- luable treatife above quoted, obferves likewife, that the flowers of the Viola montana, which appear firfl, are furmfhad with Petals, but that thofe which are afterwards produced have no Petals, yet nevertheless are fertile ; and this I find, on repeated examination, to be the cafe with the Viola odorata and hirta , but more particularly the latter : they differ from the Viola mirabilis in this refpedt, that all the flowers which are formed, both with and without Petals, produce perfeci feed. I was led to this difeovery from obferving a Angle plant of the Viola hUa, to produce about the middle of Summer ten or twelve capfules of ripe feeds, on which 1 was certain m the Spring no more than two or three blofloms had appeared : the next Spring I difeovered, that befides thofe perfeci blpfioms which firfl fpring up, this plant continues for a month or more to throw out new flowers, which are entirely deflitute of Petals, or have only the rudiments of them which never appear beyond the Calyx ; but all the other parts of the fructification are perfet. The capfules in both thefe fpecies, when they become nearly ripe, lay cloie to the ground, fo that whc-il they burfl, the feeds have an eafy accefs into ther earth. . , . , , there is fome difference with refpedt to the foil and fituation in which thefe two plants delight ; the odorata grow very generally under warm hedges, and in woods ; the other appears to be pretty much confined to a chalky foil, and often occurs in more expofed fltuations, in the fields and on the banks about Charlton, it may be found in tolerable' abundance. Viola Tricolor. Wild Pansie. VIOLA Linncei Gem PI. Syngenesia Monogamia. Rail Synop. Gen. 20. Herbie Pentapetalje Vasculifer;e. VIOLA tricolor, caule triquetro diffufo, foliis oblongis incilis, ftipulis pinnatifidis. Linn. Syf. Fegetab. p. 668. FI. Suecic. 307. VIOLA caule diffufo, ramofo, foliis ovatis dentatis, flore calyce paulo majori. Haller, hif. tom. t. n. 569. VIOLA bicolor arvenfis. C. Bauhin. pin. 200. VIOLA tricolor fylveftris. Parkinfon. 7 55. JACEA bicolor frugum et hortorum vitium. I. Bauhin. III. 548. Rdi Syn. p. 336. 11. Hudfon. VI. Angi. p. 331. Scopo/i. FI. Carniol. p. 183. RADIX limplex, fibrofa. CAULIS palmaris et ultra, plerumque diffufus, ramofus, angulofus, ad balin fordide purpureus ; rami alterni. FOLIA longe petiolata, elliptica, crenata, inferioribus Isepe minoribus, fubrotundis, fuperioribus an- guftis, fubden tatis. STIPUL.E ad balin laciniato-pinnatifidas, laciniis linea- ribus, extrema oblonga, dentata. PEDUNCULI fubquadrangulares, alterni, apice incur- vati, dorlo canaliculati, ftipulis duobus par- vis, membranaceis, prope florem, inftrufti. CALYX : Perianthium pentaphyllum, perfiftens, fo- liolis acutis, tria fuperiora minora, ad balin aqualia, fuprema erefta, petalis fupremis lon- giora, duo inferiora apice et bafi caeteris longi- ora, balique latiora, petalis infimis 'breviora, 2. COROLLA pentapetala, irregularis, duo fuperiora fub- rotunda, integerrima, albida, deorfum fpectantia; lateralium lamina ovata, obtufa, ad balin bar- bata, lineaque brevi purpurea notata ; infimum latumemarginatum, ad balin flavum, lineis quin- que purpureis pi£tum, calcare seu nectario NECT ARIUM, terminatum, longitudine calycis, apice violaceo, obtufo, fg. 3, 4, 5, 6. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, breviflima; Anthe- rs albidae, vix coadunatae, biloculares, _ mem- brana crocea terminatae, e dubous inferioribus exeunt, nectariumque intrant, appendiculae duae .lineares, y-g-. 7, 8, 9, 10. PISTILLUM: Germen fubconicum, fg. n ; Stylus ad bafin tortuofus, flaminibus longior, fg. 12 ; Stigma capitatum, oblique perforatum, per- fiftens, fg. 13. . . . PERICARPIUM: Capsula ovata, glabra, umlocularis, trivalvis, fg. 14. 1 5 ’ . ,. , . SEMINA plurima, ovata, fufca, nitida, appendiculata, valvis feriatim affixa, fg. 15. ROOT Ample and fibrous. STALK about four or fix inches high, generally fpread- ing, branched, angular, at bottom of a drill pur- ple colour ; the branches alternate. LEAVES placed on long foot-ftalks, elliptical, Crenated, the lowermoft often fmaller and roundilh, the uppermofl narrow and llightly indented. STIPULyE at bottom jagged and pinnatifid, the laci- niae or jags linear, that which terminates the Stipula oblong and indented. FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, nearly quadrangular, alternate, bent in at top, channeled on the back, and furnilhed with two fmall membra- nous Stipula: near the flower. CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves and continu- ing, the leaves Iharply pointed, the three upper ones fmalleft, and equal at bottom, the upper- moft upright and longer than the uppermofl pe- tals, the two under leaves longer both at bottom and top than the reft, and at bottom likewife broader, fhorter than the lowermoft petals, fg. 2. COROLLA pentapetalous and irregular, the two upper- mofl petals roundilh, entire, and refie&ed ; the lamina or broad part of the fide petals oval, ob- tufe, bearded at bottom, and. marked with a- Ihort purple line ; the lowermoft petal broad, emarginate, yellow at bottom, and ftreaked with five purple lines, and terminated by a NECTARY Spur or Nectary the length of the Calyx, with a blueilh and blunt point, fg. 3, 4, 5, f>. STAMINA : five Filaments very Ihort; Anthers whitilh, fcarcely united, bilocular, terminated by a faffron coloured membrane ; from the two lowermoft two linear appendages go off and enter the Ne&ary, fg. 7, 8, 9, 10. PISTILLUM : Germen fomewhat conical, fg. 1 1 ; Style twifted at bottom and longer than the Stamina, fg. 12; Stigma forming a little head, obliquely perforated and continuing, fg. 13. SEED-VESSEL: an oval fmooth Capsule of one cavity and three valves, fg. 14, 15. SEEDS numerous, oval, brown and Ihining, with a buttoli to each, affixed in rows to the infide of the valves, fg. 15. Ffw plants have acquired a greater variety of names than the Viola tricolor ; in different Authors and different counties vve find the following, viz. Wild Pmfc, Hfrl trait,. Hearts cafe, three faces under a hood. Cull me to you LovXllncfs &c. what has occaiioned fome of thefe is the different appearance it puts on from cultivation and change of foil ; in a garden there are few flowers that can boaft a greater variety or nchnefs of colour few that continue longer in bloflbm, or are cultivated with more eafe ; it is probable that the large yellow Violet, Vwla lutea, iS Thfpatfei” hTwiS ftate’ocSrs 1 'very frequently in cultivated fields, and bloffoms through mol of the fummer months It is fo hardy as to appear in Lapland amongft the few other plants which ornament the wades of i-W Onuntrv during its Ihort fummer. It is eaten by Kine and Goats. . . „ The Slice in fhe form of the Stigma feems to divide the plants of this Genus into two _ families viz Panfes d^ rin the former the Stigma is round, with a remarkable hole on one fide of it, in the latter it is hooked. Linens “marks the black lies which fometimes appear on the Peta s, Mil Ton had obferved the fame, - pZT freah with Jet ” In a poor foil the purple and yellow in the bloom ot this flower frequently become vey fcn/and foltiles fade into a perfeft white, this variation in colour gives a propriety to the Metamorphofis of tiffs flower in which Shakesfeak pays an elegant compliment to his royal midrefs. float very time I faw, ( but thou could' f not) Flying between the cold Moon and the Barth, Cupid all-arm d: a certain aim he took. At a fair Vefal, throned by the wef. And loos'd his love-foajt fmartly from his bow. As it Jhould pierce a hundred thoufand hearts : But I might fee young Cupid’s fiery foaft Quench'd in the- chafe beams of the watery moon. And the imperial votrefs pajfed on. In maiden meditation fancy-free. Tet mark'd I where the bolt of Cupid fell. It fell upon a little wefern fiower \ Before , milk-white ; now purple with Love's wound, And Maidens call it Love in Idlenefs. j o a o d i a T 01 V . - . v / Gcaclvj AizsrnovrZ • ‘V .>*•/' ’ A. 1017 . » : 1 • .'.-"i.*.': V.-.'i !.llH .02 Vtt> ' ■: . 'I • r I '1^* ' • . ■: . ;.[• ; AJOl / a . :"-••• . .... :: i.; ■ ; . .()i / •' -A . ;r. : • • . . ; i ' .niu^jv cr.~~iat [ . i . - A;:-:,'':.': ’ : i!; ; ;/ • : . |; . .L-.. ; ... : .... ,? ■ • : .!- 1£1«, I JOoloa “I'l " jg . ;>:rrrri Y.i'l 'A eu. 7. 'J i. i. ro i ,b r.-tii v'.> :-p» wo'i/.a riorm^q.-jw * acftrabcV? f. .. Ij > . .-..jj .J'j ,.i J'-iiTi : is.:.. A ! : J C I!T8 a:.;' ■ u > ,ii ' 2Si‘t .Jit ■ ■ -- i'v: 0*'I -jvrs: • Ji..,.. • •: ,-v&wh • ■ i ; •: • UQJoO! • ■ ■ . l t ol f,;r:-vv i.: ; :• .. . v' ' "l .r < / j a". •. ■ • .. . . ° af! : -a f a a i a i, = . - ,/ Cl / : - •} ... . . • - ■ • • • ” • r ' 1 w— ••• ' , ■ |„ ..... ' - ..... » v ' AV. , A •” ' ’ ' . j'/j < >0 ;J - ' ' ■ ., .i ■ : //«.»•• ".1 . . . k* ,ri ' I iii3- f 37:.^ ;::j . . ;.fbv •ufd) io** »ifi / .il!: -nwlirriv;- •• ‘h- Uncit'sili ; '.«*<* •• i- ' ... . iLlHOJ*? j 4 (i- ■ ' Ophrys apifera. Bee orchis. OPHRYS. Lin. Gen. Plant, el 3. Gynandria Diandria. ORCHIS. Raii Synoffi, ed. 3. 379. Herb* Bulbosis Affines. OPHRYS. bulbis fubrotundis, fcapo fbUofo, nedarii labia qumquelobo ; lobis fubtus inflexis. Hudfon. Floy. Angl. 340. ORCHIS, radicibus fubrotundis, labello holofericeo, emarginato, appendiculam. Waller. Hjfl. Pol a. . 266. tab. 24. Duas fpecies afferam et mafiifiram Hubsonis et Haleeri fub uno nom.ne Infell, ferat conjungtt Cl. Linnjeus. Fufchii icon 560. Bauhin pin. 83. Gerard, emac. 212. RADIX. Bulbi duo, fubrotundi, inaequales, radiculis | longis vix fibroiis fupra iuftru£h. CAULIS Semipedalis aut pedalis, teres, fg. x. foliofus. | FOLIA Vaginantia, ovato lanceolata, fubtus fubargen- | tea, fibris lineata, faspe mutilata et fufca. | I BRACTEAE magna, saginantes, virides, longitudine floris. | f FLORES a tribus ad fex, fpicati. • % COROLLA. Petala quinque, tria exteriora reliquis ma- | jora, ovata, concava, reflexa, purpurafcentia, ^ ferioribus pallidioribus, fubcarinata, carina vi- | ridi, fg. 2 ; duo interiora exterioribus quadruplo > minora, angufta, hirfuta, pofiice canaliculata, ad * bafn latiora, antrorfum extantia. ■ NECTARII Labellum amplum, leniter convexum, fub- 1 orbiculatum, fufco fericeum, maculis flavis fre- ■ quenter variegatum, quinquelobum, lobis inflexis, ■ flo-, o lateralibus [duri angularibus, hirfutis", fg. 4- ; medio anteriorum pro duci io re, apice recurvato flavo, fg. 5. Machina flaminum five Stylus longa, fuberecLi, apice incurvata et furfum recurvata, fg. 1 1 . antice bilocularis, loculis apertis ,fg. 12, anguftis, mar- ginibus albis, membranaceis, fg. 13. STAMINA. Filamenta duo, fg. 6. efquamula ne&ari- fera ad bafin Styli exeuntia, nutantia, Stig- mati frequenter adhaerentia, fg. 8. bail glandula five globulo albo pellucido inftrufta, fg, 7. Anthers fubrotundae flavae, fg. 9. PISTILLUM. Germen oblongum, hexangulare, angulis obtuiis retiis, Stigma, fg. 10. melleo liquore obdu&um, cui particula antherarum frequenter adhaerent. PERICARPIUM. Capsula oblonga, fufca, uncialis, fg. 14., unilocukris,/g. 16, tnvalvis, valvis carinatis. fg- 1 5 • ROOT. Two roundifh, unequal bulbs, furnilhedattopwith a few fmall longifh fibres, but little branched. STALK from half a foot to a foot high, round, fg. 1, leafy. LEAVES embracing the ftalk, of an oval pointed ihape, underneath filvery, with linear fibres, frequently imperfect, and of a brown colour. FLORAL LEAVES large, in the form of ajheath, green, and of equal length with the flowers. FLOWERS fro.m three to fix growing ill a fpike. COROLLA, five Petals, the three exterior larger than the reft, oval, concave, turning back, purplifh, fomewhat keel fhaped, the keel green, fg. 2. the latter flowering paleft ; the two interior four times fmaller than the others, narrow, hairy, hol- low behind, broadejl at bottom, and projecting forward. NECTARY. The lip of the Nectary, large, fomewhat con- vex, roundifh, of a filky brown colour, frequently variegated with yellow fpots ; having five lobes, the lobes bending underneath , fig. 3. fhe two fide lobes , fomewhat triangular andhairy, fig. 4. the middle of the anterior running out to a point, which turns back, and is of a yellow colour, fg. 5.. the Style which in this plant fupports the Stamina, long, upright, at the tip bending downwards and again upwards, fig. 11. anteriorly having two cavities which are open and narrow, fg. 11. the edges white and membranous, fg. 13. STAMINA, two Fil aments, fg. 6, arifing from the bot- tom of the ftyle out a nectariferous fcale, hanging down, frequently adhering to the Stigma, fg. 8. furnifhed at bottom with a fmall tra nfparent gland or globule, fg. 7. — The Anther.® roundifh and yellow, fg. 6. PISTILLUM. theGERMEN oblong, havingfix angles, the an- gles obtufe, not twified, theSTiGMA,_yfy. 1 0, covered with a vil'cid fubftance like honey, to which fmall particles of the Anthers frequently adhere. SEED VESSEL, a Capsule about an inch in length, ob- long, brown, fig. 14. of one cavity, fig. 16, and three valves, the valves keel fhaped. fig. 15. SEMINA plurima, minuta, oblonga, utraque extremitate membranacea, pellucida, reticulata, /g. 18, lente aucta, interiori parti carius longitudinaliter | affixa fg. 17. | SEEDS numerous, fmall, oblong ; at each end membra- nous, tranfparent, and reticulated, fig. 18. mag- nified, affixed lengthwife to the infide of the keel of each valve, fig. 1 7. Flowers in the Months of June and July, the Seed is ripe the latter End of August. , Grows generally on chalky ground near woods, and fomet.mes m meadows ; is become fo rare about hmim 3 as fcatcX to be found with any certaintv-Mr. Alcherne informs me he has frequently gathered it in the pits behind clarltln church, and in the woods near Cbifelhurjl in Kent— But it is often met vnth in plenty at a greater diftance from town. the fame v ; rt „es with thofe of the Orchis from which Salop is made, but being much fmaller is not worth cultivating on that account. The great refemblance which the flower bears to a Bee, majres it much fought after by Florifls, whofe curiolity indeed, often prompts them to exceed the bounds of moderation, rooting uAall they fifid, without leaving a Angle fpecimen to chear the heart of the. Student in his botanic excurfions. The heft Millie of tranfplanting them is when they are in flower. This, with moil of the other Orchis s, was cultivated with the greateft fulcefs by the late Peter Collinson, Efq; (whofe memory will always be revered by every Botanift) in his garden at Mill-hill.— His method was to place them in a foil and fituation as natural to them as poflible, and to fuffet the grafs and herbage to grow round them. „ „ .. I have not yet heard of their being propagated by ieed ; it is to be Wllhed that fome intelligent Gardiner would exert himfelf in making fome experiments to raife them in this way. . . , , . . , -a Botanirts have often been at a lofs in claffing many plants, to find tome refemblance by which they might diftingmth tluir rarticular fpecies ; but in this plant the cafe is otherwife, the flower is io like the rnfea that gives it its name 1 that it ftrik.es every beholder with admiration; what ufeful purpofe is intended by it we do not at prelent know’: Some future Obferver may perhaps, difeover, for they who will examine Nature herfelf, “ have much to lee. AsPLENIUM ScOLOPENDRIUM. HaRTSTONGUE. ASPLENIUM Lm. Gen. Cryptogamia Filices. RmiSynoffi. Herbie Capillares ex Affines. aspl ENIUM frondibus fimpl;dbus cordato . lbguIat . s bteger rim , . s LENIUM pe^shirfufis, folio longe «te*, integi, circa petiolum exfciffo. HaUer, HEMIONITIS Fufchii Icon. 294 PHYLLITI8 vulgaris Cluf. hift. SCOLOPENDRIA vulgaris Tragi. LINGUA tin. 350. Gerard. e m a, „38. PnrMnfen. 1046. „5. RADK fibrmis tenu " STIPITES plures, pilofi. FRONDES cordato-UnguIatai, longitudine pedales, lati- tudine fere b, pollicares, glaberrima;, margine undulato, nervo medio inferne pilofo. FRUCTIFICATIO. Glomera linearia, obliqua, in pa- gina inferiore frondis nervo medio utrinque lenatim difpofita, fig. x . 2. 3. ^ INVOLUCRUM. Squama linearis, bivalvis, longitudi- naliter dehifcens, fig. 2. CAPSULffi numerofe, fubglobofe, uniloculares, pedi- cellatse, annulo elaftico cinfta:, f s . e. 7 lente audtae. • JS i- /■ “““ ROOT perennial, exceedingly fibrous ; the fibres brown, and furmmed with other fibres, which are very minute. J STALKS numerous and molly, or hairy. LEAVES tongue-lhaped, at bottom cordate, about a foot m length, and one inch and a half in breadth, of a bright yellowilh green colour and mining, the margin a little waved, and the mid-rib on the under fide mofly. FRUCTIFICATION placed in oblique lines on the under hde of the leaf, on each fide of the mid- ttb./f. I. 2. 3. INVOLUCRUM a linear membrane or cafe, of two valves, opening longitudinally, fig. 2. CAPSULES numerous, (landing on foot-ftalks, nearly globular, furrounded by an elaftic ring, and having one cavity, as they appear magnified, fS- 5-7- SEMIN \nTvddtauat/;. d 8 7 ' I SEEDS ^" U T ! "«e,i*. - ¥ they appear through a greater magnifier, fig. 8 . THIS is one of thofe plants which lome Botanic Writers have railed T'fii-hhvllr r , . . feeds on the back of the leaves; Linn^us, includes it in his chi c° m .producing their atfe thtCalypira in mofles, or Calyx in other plants, and ferves to fecure and defend the tender feed and capfules which ftnklnS pr00f 0f that Whkh the * A “ th ” ° f Nat S ; rnmi The feeds being npe, the cavity containing them is forced open by the elafticity of the jointed firing and fh! Ve Js' Mtsrst."” ; one halfofthc cavity — “ d to J , of the ca P fu ' cs be “S lio 1 ne . r ri P e th “ others, difeharge their feed fooner, fo that it is a confiderable time before they aU become empty. On applying an entire row before the mierofeope for the firft time, I was immediateTy ftru c k with the motion that appeared m them and afterwards found that the warmth of my breath occafioned a great number Th* , c p >f “i. es t0 h ee P continually difchargmg their feeds, fo as almoft to give them the appearance of fomething alive the no-, ° f \ he .“P| ulcs 'o ? ne another affording me but a confiifed idea of their ftrudhire, I feperated them with ° f a P e "Lnife, from their conne&on to the leaf, and again placed them before the mierofeope, which then SS? “ a ? dl ?: reil f ’ and after a little examination, a very clear idea of their ftnifture ; many appeared with the feeds barged, feveral in tile aft of difchargmg them, and fome as yet entire ; it frequently happenedthat while I was in he C°lh’ s ? A e T^ W0U H °P en ’ at the infatlt of dlfcharging it would becarried out of my fight by mannS ” d °if e / 1 T g ’ a " d “ “ U after re P eatol trials that I was able clearly to obferve tft Th ? f e ?, ds /.U Y** ™“orous and lcarcely vlfible to the naked eye 5 when magnified, they appear of a rounchih figure, and full of little projecting points. b 7 G * ew an<1 Swammerdam have given figures on this fuhjeft, but thofe of Swammerdam are by much the mod natural. As a great deal of the fatlsfaftion in viewing objefts of this kind, depends on the kind, as well as goodnefs of the mierofeope, that none of my Readers may be difappomted m the experiments they may make with this entertaining inftrument, I may inform them, that the mierofeope I make ufe of is that which is fold in the Ihops, by the name of SKb'igfa m ht l X;S?Y With ***** “ rc and ■ Th . IS , P la n^nay be found in feed from September to November in fhady lanes and on walls, and is frequently found nrow- SrSSf • S i r 1 S fT\ , bUt u r P-A h A Ut T' n ’ thou gh'Cultivated in moil of our hot anic garden!? The leaves art fubject from a nchnefs of foil to be much divided at their extremities, and very much curled at the edpes It js an officinal plant, and is recommended -by Ray from his own experience, as a geed mcdicii- againft convulfive ■ •; > J/ i -A 'J'.. :u •i-'UKlIltitO — .u Ji vi! ; ; i: r i ! i' A U IIW3. 8A MTJIKfl.mA •W a » ;rrr/on,'?ii f . luv oITLU'/H'X .,t, v :: \v /.iacviaqo.1008 ■ s w! > t ■ ivaao ■ + « t .Vi. W ; ,V‘--v: ; MTS‘! f i " _ '.,,-1 , v-v - j.v. ■ • :i 'tr' oiiv>rr 5 >vi a ; 0(X .; t i'-oiri .r.-; ; iGZQ ’I •fS V' :I *iil • • - ' ■ 1 : •'• ■ , ’ " :i , lUH'IAD i: io - • ' -.ili i i , ■ .■,? ".i ()■ - ■ ' "■ ■ • ■ ■ • io ■:l ■ r.V ;• : ;,1 ornL: . Polypodium vulgare. Common Polypody. POUYPODIUM Limat Gen. Ph Cryptogamia Filices. Frudlifc. in pun&is fubrotundis fparfis per difcum frondi si Rail Syn. Herbje capillares et affines. ■POLYPODIUM vulgare frondibus pinnatifidis t pinnis oblongis fubferratis obtufis. Linn. Syjl. Vegetal « p- 786. FI. Suecic. p. 373. POLYPODIUM POLYPODIUM POLYPODIUM POLYPODIUM POLYPODIUM foliis pinnatis, lanceolatis, radice fquamata. Haller hift. n. 1696. vulgare. Scopoli FI. Carniol. n. 1266. vulgare. Bauhin. pin. 359. vulgare. Parbinfon 1039. Gerard emac. 1138. Rail Syn. p. 117, Polypody. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 387. RADIX oblique fub terrae fperficie reptat, fibras fuas ex tuberculis quibus plurimis fcatet demittens, ad craffitudinem fere minimi digiti accedens, fquamis fufcis tefta, colore foris buxea, intus fere herbacea, fapore dulci, tandem acerbo et adftringente. STIPITES laeves, interne fulcati. FRONDES femipedales aut pedales, pinnatifidze, pinnas oblonga, fubferratae, obtufte, inferne pallidiores. CAPSULAE in acervulis, magnis, flavis, rotundis, ner- vo utrinque feriatim locata, pedicellata, fub- rotunda, fuperficie granulata a feminibus pro- tuberantibus, annulo elaftico brevi inftrudbe, in valvulas duas dehifcentes, fg. 2, 3, 3, 5, 6. SEMINA plurima, ovata, aut fubreniformia flava, fg. 7 > 8 - | ROOT creeps obliquely under the furfaCe of the earth, I fending forth a number of fibres from little tubercles, which are plentifully diflributedover I its furface, about the thicknefs of the little % finger, fometimes flenderer, covered with brown I mofly fcales, externally of a pale yellow colour, * internally greeriifh, of a tafte at firft fweet, but finally fowerifh and aftringent. $ STALKS fmooth, grooved on the inner fide. ¥ I LEAVES from half a foot to a foot in length, pinnati- ¥ fid ; the pinnae oblong, flightly ferrated, obtufe, I paleifh underneath. ¥ ¥ CAPSULES placed in a row on each fide the midrib of I the leaf, in large, yellow, round dots, {landing on foot-ftalks, of a roundifh fhape, with the I furface granulated from the feeds protubera- ¥ ting* furnifhed with a fhort elaftic fpring, and ¥ opening into two valves, fg. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. ¥ t SEEDS numerous, oval or fomewhat kidney-fhaped, of * a yellow colour,^. 7, 8. IN all thofe plants of the Fern Pribe which I have hitherto had an opportunity of examining, there appears to be much the fame mechanifm in their parts of fruftification ; one of the moft ftriking and ufeful of which is the elaftic ring which furrounds the Capfules, by means of which they are forced open and the feeds difcharged. So necefi’ary a part one fhould not conceive would be wanting in any of thefe plants, nor will it, I believe, be found to be fo : yet many Botanifts, and thofe too of eminence, not only deny its exiftence, but make the want of it a character to diftinguilh this Genus. Gleditch gives us the following as part of the generic character of the Polypodium “ Capfula annulo defituta." Adanson alfo gives it the fame character, “ fans anneau .” It will perhaps not be difficult to account for this miftake ; and at the fame time it will fhew us how injurious it is to fcience, for Authors to take things for granted without examining for themfelves. In Tournefort’s elegant figures of the Genera, the Capfules of .the Polypodium, are reprefented without any ring : on the truth of thefe figures it is highly probable that thofe Authors have relied ; for had they made ufe of their own eyes, affifted by a fmall magnifier, they could not have avoided feeing what Malpighi long before their time delineated, though rudely, and Gleichen fince more elegantly figured. There is one circumftance attending this fpecies of Polypodium , which however does not run through the whole of this Genus, viz. the want of an Involucrum or Membrane ; the little dots or aflemblage of Capfules are not cover- ed with any membrane ; or if there be a membrane, it is very early deciduous, and not vifible when the Capfules have arrived at a tolerable degree of maturity. This fpecies of Polypody grows very common in woods and fhady lanes on the old flumps of various trees ; it differs much in fize : fometimes it occurs on the Oak, in which cafe its virtue as a medicine has been more celebrated. Its effetts when taken inwardly are flightly purgative : it has been recommended in various diforders of the Vilcera, in the Cachexy, fwelling of the Spleen, Jaundice, obftru&ions of the Mefenteric Glands, Hypochondriac Difeafe, Cough, Afthma, &c. but it has generally been given with fome other medicines. In the prefen t practice it is but little regarded. ■ ■ : • ■ : • r . -...r : ;. i - • ■ • . ..... ’ - » .-.voilsr . • -- ! : : ; . , ; 1 ;■ '"r ■ y R r ■ : . . , ...... ' ■ 7 .I.-; : : .7/. 1 ‘ .cot - . -t.. : - * • AC ■ ' _■ t.; I '.'. ’ I rS'A ■ ... , $7 :o *.*:•* ; i .7, b ‘ ■ : "i- : i-' . t : :i l .lifirxr ■J ..‘i .. J»d -••••: MU* i-d v -.w . ■ ■ . - . - - - - : . : ■ . . ... ' • ' - ^ • ' 1 Bryum scoparium. Broom Bryum. BRYUM Linnai Gen. PI. Cryptogamia Musci. Rail Syn. Gen. 3: Muscr. BRYUM fcoparium, Antheris ere&iufculis, pedunculis aggregatis, foliis fecundis recurvatis, caule declinato. Linnai Syjl. Veget ab. p 797. HYPNUM foliis falcatis, heteromallis ; vaginis multifloris. Haller hift. n. 1777. HYPNUM fcoparium. Scopoli FI. Cam. p. 334. Diagn. Florefcentia Hyemalis. Folia arcuata, fecunda, tenuia. Setse faspe plures. BRYUM fcoparium : furculo declinato, ramofo, foliis fecundis, recurvatis, primordialibus plumulofis. Necker. method \ mufc. p. 224. HYPNUM fcoparium. Weis. Cryptogam, p. 213. BRYUM reclinatum, foliis falcatis, fcoparum effigie: The fickle-leafd bending Beafotn Bryum. Dillen. mufc . p. 357. tab . 46. fg. 16 BRYUM eredis capitulis anguftifolium, caule reclinato. Cat.Gifs. 222. Raii Syn. 9 5. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 406. CAULES unciales aut biunciales et ultra, fubere&i, ra- mofi, in denfo caefpite colledti, fordide rufi, : infra multo tomento fufco obfiti. FOLIA caulem inaequaliter circumflant, hinc in quibuf- : dam locis nudiufculus relinquitur, in aliis foliis . crebrioribus veftitur, praecipue ad apicem, longa, . linearia, acuminata, canaliculata, fg. 1 , recur- : vata, fecunda. PEDUNCULI unciales aut biunciales, ad bafin rubicun- di, erefti, ex uno latere caulium plerumque ori- untur, aliquando vero ex apice, ut plurimum fo- litariij fubinde vero duo ex eodem perichaetio proveniunt, bafi bulbillo cylindraceo terminati, fg. 7, qui foliis pluribus latiufculis, pilo termi- natis, acu facile feparabilibus includitur,^. 8, 9. CAPSULiE oblongae et fere cylindraceEe, nunc eredis, nunc paululum incurvatse, fg. 3 ; Operculum roftratum, tenue, longitudine capfuls et conco- lor, fg. 4; Ora ciliata five denticulata, fg. 5; Calyptra ftraminea, longitudine Capfuls, poftquam medio dilrumpitur, ball fuo capfulam ardle cingit, fg. 2 ; Pollen viride, fg. 6. STALKS from one to two inches high and more, nearly upright, branched, growiug thickly together, of a dirty red colour, and covered at bottom with a dark brown wooly fubftance. LEAVES: the leaves cover the ftalk unequally, hence in fome places it is left rather naked, in others more thickly covered with leaves, particularly towards the top, are long, linear, pointed, groo- ved, fig. 1, bent back, and turning all one way. FOOT-STALKS an inch or two inches high, towards the bottom reddifh, upright, arifing generally from the fide of the ftalks, but lometimes from the top, moft commonly Angle, but now and then two proceed from the fame periclnetium, furnifhed at bottom with a cylindrical bulb, fig. 7, which is inclofed by many broadifh leaves, terminating in a hair, and eafily ieparated by a needle, fg. 8, 9. CAPSULES oblong and almoft cylindrical, fometimes upright, fometimes a little incurvated, fg. 3 ; the Operculum the length of the Capfule, and of the fame colour, terminating in a long lien- der point, fg. 4; the Mouth ciliated or furnifh- ed with little teeth, fg- S’ Calyptra ftraw-coloured, the length of the Capfule, after burfting in the middle clofely embracing the Capfule by its bafe, fg. 2 ; the Pollen green, fg- 6 - thr.i.ENlus very juftly remarks, that this Mobs feems to partake of the nature of both Bryum and Hyprnrn, but in his opinion, it comes neared to the Bryum, and of the fame fentiment appear to be Linnseus and Neckek while Haller, Scopoli, and Weis, rank it among the Hypnums, and this they are led to, chiefly from the Peduncles being furnifhed at bottom with a kind of Pewhatiwn ; butDiLLENlus very properly obferves, that although the pe- duncle is lurrounded at bottom by many fquama or folioli, yet thefe are not fimilar to what occur in the generality of Hypnums, as they may with the point of‘a pin be eafily feparated from one another, and then the bafe of the peduncle appears to be furnifhed with a bulbillus as in moft of the Bryums : this circumftance added to its general habit, appears fully to juftify this moft excellent Botanift: in placing it with the Bryums, from whence it ought not to have been lepa- rated without more weighty reafons than have been advanced. This Mofs diftinguifhes itfelf from moft: others by its beautifull and lively verdure ; when young it puts on a very different appearance from what it has when farther’advanced, being much fhorter and its leaves upright ; and Dille- Nius has fometimes remarked in this fpecies Stellula famine a. It grows in very large Clumps or Patches forming a foft and delightfull Carpet, on the banks which lurround woods, at the bottom of trees, and on heaths. It is found on fome parts of Hampftead heath producing its fructifications in February and March. if, y Y « H MOO :8 .}' i 5 £ . ? f ;j u ■ Y '■ cl ti -.V .1 . mi<| fth&ob v rii io?v. t dtei;\i. • „•■ ‘ Joi^r > Mtu:-- \trlsni! . H'JV HH .5of .VyV . .v -^V-arr v>fd vi. vj. ;,k-3i;i);q wi'iri rji!:.:i • :/? OJ r,nc, Cji-'T* c&J-W •"oiwuTg J fbairjd IdulvjOvV/ n.; n ’i:.L> :> ; t >r?tn r v. >; . • v c.^utJa .n*rj .... ■s:I IHr.v I. > tvj : ? r • i?r .bai.-iioq v i; « 5 ®* wb ■ - • •; grii/v.i:: has ,ibsd , i / ’ ! i’: i..A »• Tr '! OO* «>••• ' t r.inYn •;:» ■••• ; tod- .. -rll mo ! bus v;o: -uu* al^n.) • -fton? .« ■: . , its . : . 'v. f dl«d \ ij VO £ i '*••»! i. '•••rf: i : il , - fftib-*o?rf mum tc! b-irofant ii rbi.:'».* ■ :r: bah. .q_. vlilfic ? f.'r ,li> : >: i „ ' I : ■ ■ : 5 ■ Q S . j-frj-jri tbvrrsdi ,k:i ’ -a! ' • ; ; 1 . Li.l i:‘7/ ;• oi.jii r, ; axmSarnol t 1rfq;7qu h'tqrh) • : . id . - ■ •-•2 j'.O • •; ■: j; i U-1 1 • .!•■} I : < -.Rimul io I* >“• i •■> titwoM .r|: ; {* .-j^V ( ix:i >; :..f> t ’t't m.O vilt ,:■! "-i t! :;i .. / !>•» •jlulqf'i Oflilo f|J«nvl -J.il r ■ ^•'bsio , m.> vblob oibbin: oxb x:’ gxirfitad 3xi; ;t . .ylxid tti xd »i«/Vth> •* a .j}QJo -lutliup ni : .rq.'oLr. • • ; ■w; r. t i y\ ,?.? . : [•». : • llu*3 tfixiirrr ... . I ;.! ? . •ttoatthn f.r ,>ol»ib • h »i> . r . ' - ! V )/. H ' : { -i-‘* vwp.':;'M.iq nrw-It.vn . . ;I c «it .. i . •no.ni.i i • ••• »•• - • •• ' V-.-iblul/? •. ; r ; : . w[ ur ...if . : .y \ ... . .... . .VJc‘1 • rjiti wiflf I r.iA'J .ifJtirji.'M i oib-im i;i;. ; :i ; ■.d .^V/bxliv ^.A.XJO'l , i 1'j-tu i tad f tcta«^.Vv lmt aw^H rwHo mir: . >;ftV> nJcl'-q r ^raoai *K>14 r.i.lt Jfixst , t •: \l -U k . • u: r.- - j !T -• iiri.v .sajtoa’/^ bnc taMiHiJ ad o5 : .viaxfnJfi-: ..•ini •»#! j ,wmoH .' ot ba! 3V. v-.,b iixlt L.... .. :•. o;b ^ t.- .Tic ■*: dr:: > :'.V bx.a .■ .r • / ‘ j-oq axil «Iguodjf!- j.-.xlt . 3 vtj!•:. . nioi : .<' • '■ -d ; .• t fii vo .jo •• i!v/ cl vilicm'i ion -a-.ilt i •/ io i.Ki;,wn\ 7;if m *.. ; :r.bh>. • i : ■ •'•••! nfl tr-l: b as ,varftong ano mrtto mq jl ad mq «to bb ib tidf vdi 'io ftom cvi «k vA\vV'v' n dtiv/ baxfliaip) sd ot ;i q . • *vr,xl ... ion j/lgoo ii ^xujxIv# mov't dtiw ii gandq ni ftiruttx 8 ' : .hj^nevbB d •; /fcrt mall rrr . ■: virf^bv. - . .. , no «i..:; ii sftuov nsdw ; tnubm v* !s bite Ho’:’!... J ii! /d ?ud:-. Horn ttitr Haiti ssxfliup-. ibilo:.'.' 7' xatiofU fboax jJcii«l_,b>’jncvhB vjfltvR nsilwurf ti idw moil sa ; r in •• » . ^AwW.v ' ;i joql *• rii *?i i.aivem-i ■ ■ • . : • • . . ! !' ' .'ho _ . • it .ihuif. ’■ i ;»r-t. : /i . :.'.r;r.oRIftsm--ji ^nhtfbotq : : ;ox! bsaflqmcH lo aticq nvbnWirj :I Bryum undulatum. Curled Bryum. BRYUM Linntei. Gen. PL CryptogAmia Muscfj Pali Syn. Gen. 3. Muscn BRYUM (undulatum) antheris erealufcutis, pedunculis fubfolitariis, folds lanceolatis carinatis undulatis paten» tibus ferratis. Linn. Syji-. Vegetab. p. 797. BRYUM folds iahceolatls ferratis, capfulis cylindricis Inclinatis ariftatis. Haller, hlfi. tom. 1 . 1823. BRYUM phylUtidifolium : furculo fimplici, folds undato-ferrulatis, primordialibus plumulofis. Neckin method. mu/cor. p. 203. cur nomen triviale a Cl. Neckero mutaretur non video, cum analogia unde no- men ejus fumitur obfcura fit, obfervante CL Seopoli. BRYUM Phyllitidis folio rugofo acUto, capfulis incurvis, Dillett mufi. 360. tab. 46- fg- 1 S - BRYUM undulatum. Seopoli. FI. CarnhL n. 1301. Rail Syn. p. 95. 1 «. Hudfou FI. Angl. 406. If at Cryptogam. 1 96, Oder FI. Dan. tah. 497. noftris duplo faltem minor, cum operculo mmisredto et acutO; SURCULI unciales, aut branciales, plerumque fimpli- | ces, eredti, folioln FOLIA lanceolata, Undulata, catinata, ferrdto-aculeata, \ ' patentia, arefadlione involuta, jig. I . • : PEDUNCULI fimplices, (duo ex eodem furcuiononnun- : ; quam proveniunt) furculis plerumque longio- : res, eredti, rubri, Jig. 2. STALKS from one to two inches high, generally dm- pie, upright and leafy. LEAVES lanceolate, waved, keel-fhaped, minutely and (harply fer rated at the edges, fpreading, when dry curling in, fg. L FOOT-STALKS of the frudification fimple, (fome- times two proceed from the fame {talk) gene- rally longer than the {talks, upright, and of a reddilh colour, fgt 2. CAPSULA five AntHera cylindracea, incurvata, lente vifa fubftriata, primum viridis, dein ex livido- fufea, demum rufa, fg. 3. Balls Operculi he- mifphierica, rubra, apex pallida, fetacea, obtu- fiufcula, fge 5» Capiulze Ora ciliata Ciliis inflexis,^. 7 ; Annulus ruber, fg. 6; Pol- len feu Semen viride, fg. 8. CALYPTRA pallide fufea, acuminata, primum erefta, flexura capful* difrumpitur, et re&a manet, ba- fique fua a Capfula fecedit, fg. 4- CAPSULE or Anthera cylindrical, incurvated, if magnified appearing fomewhat ftriated ; fill! green, then livid-brown, aud laftly of a reddilh brown colour ; fg. 3, the bottom of the Oper- culum hemilpherical and red, the top paler, very {lender and rather blunt; fg. 5, the Mouth of the Capfule furnilhed with Cilia; which bend inward, /g. 7 ; the Annulus or Ring ltd, fig. 6 ; the Pollen or Seed green, fg. 8. . CALYPTRA of a pale brown colour, and terminating in a long point, firft upright, afterwards by the bending of the Capfule it becomes burfi: at bot- tom, and remains ftrait, with its bafe at fome little diftance from the Capfule. This fpecies of Bryum is one of tf^voocU “ November to February and may be found in moil of the woods near iown, more particularly in Charlton Wood, where it abounds. As all its parts of fruffification are large and diftinS, the botanic Student who would InvrfBgate this difficult claiLf plants ^ cannot with this view, feleft any mofs more proper for h.s purpoie. . - .t fiJtt . .', Ji • ■' ,3 : , *asUs•*» . . , . .... . ■ ....... .... .......; ..... : Tii-n Bryum H ORNUM. SwANS-NECK B RYUM. MNIHM Lmneei Gen. PI. Ckyptogamia Mbsci. Mafculus flos pedonculatus. Femineus flos in difthao ficpius individuo. Raii Synopfis Gen. g. Musci-» MNIUiM hornum antheris pendulis, pedunculo curVato, furculo flmplici, foliolis margine fcabris. Lmneri S } Jl. Vegctab. 796. BRYUM hornum furculo capitulifero rtmofmfculo : flellifero fimpUci, primordialibus plumulofis. Necker. Method. Mufc. p. 2x5. MNIUM foliis lanceolatis, imbricatis, capfulis pendulis cylindricis obtbfis. Haller, hifl. heh. 3. p. 54. MNIUM hornum ferratifolium. Weis Cryptogam. 149. BRYUM antheris oblongis nutantibus, pedunculo curvato, foliolis ovatis, margine fcabris. Hudfon. FI. ■Angi. p. 415. BRYUM ftellare hornum (ylvarum, Capfulis 'magnis nutantibus'. Dillen. mufc. 402. BRYUM nitidum capitulis majoribus reflexis, calyptra imum vergente, pediculis oblongis e cauliculis novis egredientibus. Rail Syn. p. 102. 51. Ad majores accedit hsec (pecies; CAULES unciales aut biunciales, radiculis ferrugineis, f valde tomentofis inftru&i, eredi, plerumque ra- £ mofi, pedunculiferi et ftelliferi, ad balin rubi- | eundi, Stellula; et Pedunculi, nunc feorfim, f nunc ex eadem radice proveniunt, unusque aut | plures Surculi e bafi caulis femper fere naf- | cuntur. f FOLIA faturate viridia, ovato-lanceolata, fubereda, pel- | lucida, ad lentem minute ferrata, fig. 1 ; nervo * medio didin&o et in mucronem brevem edudo, | in furculis fcemineis didis apice ffellatim expan- | fa, et paulo latiora, in junioribus anguftiora et f cauli magis adprefla. | '% PEDUNCULI terminales, biunciales, rubra», verfus a- f picem ut rede obfervavit Dillenius inftar £ colli olorini incurvati. i CAPSULvE oblonga, tumida, virides, nutantes, lente £ auda, fg. 7; per longitudinem feda ut Re- | ceptaculum confpiciatur,^. 9 ; Calyptra i longa, acuminata, caduca, fg. 6 ; Operculum | breve, flavefeens, fig. 8 ; Ora ciliata. | This fpecies comes near to the larged: fize. STALKS from one to two inches in height, furnilhed with roots which are of a ferruginous colour, and covered with a kind of wooly fubftance, up- right and generally branched, reddidi at bottom, producing both Pedunculi and Stellula, which pfoceed fometimes from the fame, fome- times from different roots, and one or feveral Surculi ufually fpring from the bottom of the (talk. LEAVES of a deep green colour, of an oval pointed (hape, nearly upright, pellucid, when viewed with a glafs finely Jerrated at the edges , fig. 1 ; the midrib diftind, and terminating in a fhort point, on the tops of thofe ftalk, which are con- fidered as female, they are expanded like a little (far and lomewhat broader, in the young Ihoots they are narrower and prefled cloler to the ftalk. PEDUNCLES fp ringing from the fummit of the ftalks, about two inches in height, bent near the top like a Swans Neck as Dillenius has properly obferved. CAPSULES oblong, tumid, of a green colour and droop- ing, magnified,^. 7; cut longitudinally through the middle that the Receptaculum maybe feen, fig. 9; the Calyptra long, pointed, andfoon falling off, fig. 6; the Operculum fhort, of a yellowifh colour, fig. 8; the Mouth of the Capfule ciliated. On examining with a Microfcope the tops of thofe Stalks which are called Stellula feminea, fig. 2, and which are confidered by many as the female parts of the frudification in this Mofs, there appeared in the center of the Stellula, a great number of fmall upright bodies, or Corpufcles, of two kinds, fig. 3, the one white, pellucid, and jointed ; the other of a greener colour, (horter, and of an oblong oval (hape, vid. fig. 4, 5. They do not ap- pear to me to have any thing in their Strudure, in the lead; fimilar to any of the parts of frudification in plants, what their real ftrudure and ufes are, may perhaps be difcovered by future obfervations. This fpecies occurs not unfrequently on moifl: banks in Woods, as in Charlton Wood, and the Woods about Hampfiead, producing its Frudifications in February and March. As the Capitula pulverulenta of Dillenius, or Spharophylli as they are called by Necker, are entirely wanting in this Mofs, and as the exiflence of thofe lingular little heads leems very obvioufly to diftinguilh the Genus Mnium , I have chofeu rather to arrange it with Dillenius and Hudson among the Bryutns, than with Linn aus among the Mniums ; for if we make Mniurns of all the Mofles which have Stellula, we (hall involve ourfelves in confiderable difficulties : many of thofe Stellula are indeed very obvious, as in the prefentone, but in others they are very obfeure, fo that it is difficult to fay whether they exifl: in them or not ; but if they were ob- vioufly to be diftinguilhed, there is not the lead: likenefs between a Stellula and Spharophyllum, why then unite in one Genus plants which have fuch very different appearances ? Would it not be better to confider the Mofles which produce Spharophylli or little balls as Mniums, according to Dillenius, and divide the Bryums, if necef- fary, into two families, viz- fuch as have obvious Stellula, and fuch as have none ? The name of rough Bryum, which Mr. Hudson feems to have given to this Mofs for brevity’s fake, con- veys an idea with which this Bryum does not feem perfedly to correfpond, it having no roughne'fs except at the edges of the leaves, which are minutely ferrated: I have therefore adopted Dillenius’s name of Swans Neck Bryum, as being juftihable from the lingular fhape of the Peduncles, and being more likely to be remember- ed from its (hiking analogy. ur • A ■■ . • ' f g -> ^ ; rm •' ■ 1 ■ 1 «'*»*»«•’* ■ • V: ' , -k: ; ;<■•'! > ' •. :i i'; . : . ?. ■ • -!■:! ■; i. ; Hypnum Proliferum. Proliferous Hypnum. HYPNUM Limiei Gen. FI. Crvptogamia Musci. Rail Syn. Gen. 3. Musci. PIYPNUM prolferum furculis proliferis, plano-piimatis, pedunculis aggregatis. Limuli Syjl. Vegetat, f. 860. HYPNUM ramis teretibus pinnatis, pinnulis pinnatis, foliis adpreffis. Haller, hijl. 3. p. 33. HYPNUM filicinum, Tamarifci foliis minoribus, non fplendentibus. Bitten. p. zy 6 . tcm. 35 - f&- H- ... . • Catal Gifs. 217. Rail Synop. p. 86. n. 36. Hudfon , FI. HYPNUM repens filicinum minus, luteo virens. i*ateu j / j r r Angi. p. 422. Weis Cryptogam, p. 230. CAULES palmares ad dodrantales, repentes, hinc. inde | radiculas fufcas exferentes_, faepe vero adeo in- tricate connexi ut humi ferpere nequeant, foliis ovato-acuminatis, carinatis, mucronatis, fparfe te&is, fig. 1. horum foliolorum fuper- ficies, microfcopio valde audta granulofa apparet, Jg- 2 - RAMI pulchre pinnati, deflexi, virefcentes, ad luteum colorem plus minufve accedentes pro ratione fitus aut anni temporis, omni fiplendore deftituti , rachis concolor , ad extremitatem plerumque incraffatus. Ramuli et Pinnula foliolis exi- liflimis, confertis, nudo oculo vix confpicuis imbricatim te£li ; e dilco rami, aut frondis, £ novus caulis aut furculus plerumque exfurgit, | unde plantula mire extenditur ac propagatur, | et hinc Prolifer vocatur. | l PEDUNCULI fefquiunciales, rubri, plerumque quatuor aut quinque, aliquando plures e caule aggrega- tim afliirgunt, et 111 quibufdam caulibus, Pen- chaetia plura aut potius eorum rudimenta occur- runt, e quibus Pedunculi fequente anno proba- biliter nafcuntur. Perich®tium fig. 3. aut . bafis pedunculi, ovatum, foliolis tenuibus pilo longo flexuofo terminatis veftitum. Capsulae five Anther ® fig. 4, quas Semen aut Pollinem continent, incurvat*, ex fufco aurantiac*. Operculum fg. 6, (quod collo capful* infigitur, et femine maturescente decidit ) breve, et acumina- tum. Orificium Capful* duplici ferieCiliarum inftruitur fg. 8. 9. Cili®_ exteriores fig. 8. aurantiacae, divergentes, apicibus aliquando paululum inflexis, et cum aridas fint fragiles ; interiores fig. 9, convergentes, membrana reti- culata connexce, ad quam videndam microlco- pio opus eft. Pollen five Semen viride. CalyptraJ?§-. 5. qua anthera cum fuo Operculo partim tegitur et quee primum decidit albida eft. STALKS from three to nine inches in length, creep- ing on the ground, and here and there fending forth fmall brown fibres, but very often fo in- tricately conne&ed together as to be hindered from creeping, thinly covered with leaves of an oval pointed ffiape, having a ftroug midrib, which runs out to a fine point fg. 1 . when greatly magnified the furface of thefe leaves ex- hibits a granulated appearance fg. 2. BRANCHES beautifully pinnated, and bending down- ward, of a green colour, moreorlefs inclined to yellow, according to its place of growth, and the feafon of the year, without any glofs ; the midrib of the fame colour with the leaves and generally thicker at its extremity; the fmall leaves, laying one over another, and fcarce dis- cernible to the naked eye. From the middle of the branch or Frons moft commonly arifes a new ftalk, or furculus, by which means this plant is Angularly extended and propagated, and from this circum fiance it acquires the name of Proliferous. PEDUNCLES about an inch and a half in lengthy of a bright red colour, generally about four or five, fometimes more, fpring from the ftalk nearly to- gether, in fome of the ftalks there is the ap- pearance of feveral Perichcetia without peduncles, which probably arife from them the next year. The Perich®tium fig. 3. which is the bafe of the peduncle, is of an oval lhape, and co- vered with fmall leaves which terminate in a long flexible point. The Capsules or An- ther.® containing the pollen or feed fig. 4, are incurvated, and of a brown orange colour. The Operculum^. 6, (which fits on to the top of the Capfule, and when the feed contained with- in it, is ripe, falls off) is Ihort, and pointed; the mouth of the Capfule has two rows of Cili® fig. 8.9; the exterior row fig. 8, orange co- loured, and diverging, the tops of them fome- times bending a little inward, and brittle when dry, the interior row fig. 9, converging, of a membranous texture, and when very much magnified, appearing reticulated. The Pollen or Seed contained within the Capfules is green. The Calyptra fig. 5. which partly covers the anthera and operculum, and firfts drops off is of a white colour. There is fcarce a Wood in the environs of this City, on the borders of which this elegant fpecies of Mofs It produceth its fructifications from December to February ; in this ftate however it is but feldom met with, vet may be found by diligent fearching. Liniiseus in one of his journies through Sweden, obferved this Mols p-rowine: in the thickeft Woods, obfeured with perpetual fhade, and where all other plants perilhed. Moft of the writers who have made this clal's of plants more’ particularly the objed of their enquiries, have gener- ally made two diftinft Genera of the Hypnum and Bryum, yet fo great is the affinity betwixt them, and lo much do'thev fun into one another, that what fome of thefe Authors call a Bryum, others denominate a Hypnum; in- deed this diyifion feems adopted more to facilitate the inveftigation of the plants of this numerous family, than from any real natural divifion which takes place between them. The difference between fome of the Hypnums and lome of the Bryums is obvious to almoft every one, but to afeertain the limits where the one begins and the other terminates, feems a talk too difficult for the moft accurate Botanift. , . The principal Charafteriftics of a Bryum according to Linnaeus, are, that the peduncle which fuftains the An- thera or Capfule, grows out of the top of the furculus or ftalk, and is furnifhed at its bafe with a little naked tuber- cle or bulb ; in the Hypnum on the contrary, the peduncle grows out of the fide of the ftalk and the tubercle at its bafe is covered with leaves and called a Perichastium,