EXOTIC FLORA, CONTAINING FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW, RARE, OR OTHERWISE INTERESTING ESPECIALLY OF SUCH AS ARE DESERVING OF BEING CULTIVATED IN OUR GARDENS ; TOGETHER WITH REMARKS UPON THEIR GENERIC AND SPECIFIC CHARACTERS, NATURAL ORDERS, HISTORY, CULTURE, TIME OF FLOWERING, ^C. BY WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, LL.D. F.R.A. & L.S. MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY NATUll/E CURIOSORUM; OF THE WERNERIAX NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH ; OF THE GEOLOGICAL AND HORTI- CULTURAL SOCIETIES OF LONDON; OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY OF RATIS- BON; OF THE HELVETIC SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY; OF THE PHYSIOGRA- PHICAL SOCIETY OF LUND ; OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETIES OF CAMBRIDGE, AND YORK ; OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA, ^C. ^C. AND REGIUS PROFESSOR OF BOTAN V IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. VOL. L EDINBURGH : PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BLACKWOOD, EDINBURGH; AND T. CADELL, LONDON. MDCCCXXIII. TO CHARLES LYELL, Esq. F.L.S. OF KINNORDY IN SCOTLAND, AND BARTLEY LODGE, HANTS, IN ENGLAND. I Mv Dear Sir, I REJOICE in the opportunity that the present pu- blication affords of thus testifying the sentiments that I am bound to en~ tertain towards you. To your active and successful investigations I am indebted for some of the most important subjects that have appeared in my earlier botanical works ; and amongst the hours which I consider as the most agreeable of' my life, I reckon those which have been ren- dered so by your conversation and society. The distance which now separates us, has diminished the opportu- nity of these enjoyments. But the eoopectatims that ymi have allowed me to form, that your paternal seat may, ere long, become again the principal residence of your family, enable me to anticipate a closer re- newal of our former intercourse ; and I shall be truly happy when one of my oldest and most faithful friends will be an inhaUtant with myself of this my adopted country. I remain, yours. My Dear Sir, with the most sincere resrard Glasgow, ) Nov. 1. 1823./ and affection, W. J. HOOKER. ( V ) INDEX, ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED, TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMES CONTAINED IN THE FIRST VOLUME OF THE EXOTIC FLORA. Plate Plate Acrostichum serrulatum, Sw. 78 Bromelia pallida, Kerr, 41, 42 Ageratum conyzoides, W. 15 Cactus pendulus, Sw. 2 Alstroemeria pulchella, Sims, G4 truncatus, Hook. 20 tricolor *, Hook. 65 Caladium bicolor, Vent. 26 pulchra, Sims, under the seguinum, W. 1 name of A. tricolor. ib. Calceolaria corymbosa, Cav. under the Anemia humUis, Sw. 28 name of C. paralia. 75 repens, Rad. 28 Calceolaria paralia -)-, Cav. ib. Arethma ophioglossoides. Linn, 70 Calypso americana, Br, 12 Arum bicolor, Ait. - - - 2fi borealis, Sal. 12 seguinum, L. - . . 1 Canna indica, Rox. var. maculata. 53 Asarum arifolium, Mich. 40 gigantea, Red. 47, 48 Aspidium Wallichii, Hook. 5 patens, Roxb. - ib. Asplenium serrulatum, Sw. 78 Caprifolium pubescens, Hook. - 27 Begonia argyrostigma, Fisch. 18 Cardamine resedifolia, L. - 54 humUis, Ait. 17 Cassytha baccifera. Mill. 2 — lucida. Haw. ib. Cymbidium boreale, Sw. 12 ulmifolia, W. 57 - coccineum, W. - 38 Berberis heterophylla, Poir. 14 Cymbidium lancifolium. Hook. - 51 tricuspidata, Sm. MS. ib. Cypripedium bulbosum, L. 12 ^ * Previous to the appearance of this plate, the plant here figured had, without my being aware of it, received, first the name of Alstrcemeria pulchra in the Botanical Maga- zine, and that of A. Jlos Martini (an appellation derived from its Chilian name) in the Botanical Register. t Having, since the publication of this plant, had the opportunity of seeing the Flora Peruviana of Ruiz and Pavon, I am inclined to agree with the authors of the Botanical Magazine and Register, in considering the present species to be rather the C. corymbosa than the C. paralia. vi INDEX. Cypripedium insigne, Wall. _ venustum, Wall. Dalea bicolor, W. Dendrobium Pierardi, Ro.vb. fimbriatum, Hook. Donia ciliata, Nutt. Doodia aspera, R. Br. caudata, JR. Br. Dorstenia arifolia, Lam. Epidendrum nutans, Siv. Epiphyllum iruncatum, Haw. Euphorbia cotinifolia, L. hypericifolia, L. Goody era procera, Hook. Grammitis serrulata, Sw. Grammitis graminoides, Sw. Hedychium spicatum, Sw. Hemionitis palmata, L. Hydrocotyle nitidula, Rich. nepalensis, Hook. Limodorum boreale, W. Lobelia micrantha, Hook. Lycopodium dendroideum, Mich, obscurum, L. Meffosea ? ciliata, Haw. Neottia procera. Wall. Neottia speciosa, . - - Ophioglossum petiolatum. Hook. Ophrys lutea, Cavan. Orchidium boreale, Sw. Orchis humilis, Mich. Orchis spectabUis, L. Ornithidium coccineum, Sal. Orontium aquaticum, L. Osbeckia crinita, Sw. MSS. steUata, Ham. nepalensis. Hook. Osmunda humilis, Cav. 1 late Plate 34 Peperomia blanda, Hunib, - 21 OO incana, Hook. 66 43 pereskiiefolia, Kunth, 67 9 polystachia, Hook. 23 71 quadrifolia, Humb. 22 45 rubella. Hook. 58 8 Pinguicula edentula, Hook. 16 25 Piper blandum, Jacq. 21 6 iucanum. Haw. OO 50 pereskicefolium, Jacq. - 67 20 polystachion, Ait. 23 59 quadrifolium, Sw. 22 36 nibellum. Haw. 58 39 Pleopeltis angusta, Humb. 61 78 ensifolia, Carm. - 62 77 nuda, Hook. 63 46 Pogonia ophioglossoides, Kerr, 70 33 Pothos violacea, 55 29 Primula pusilla. Hook. 68 30 lihipsahs Cassutha, Gmrtn. 2 12 Ruta albiflora, Hook. 79 44 Sarracenia psittacina, Mich. ? 13 7 rubra. Wall. ib. - ib. Saxifraga ligulata. Wall, 49 49 Serapias Lingua, L. - - 11 39 Schizanthus pinnatus, R. ^ P. 73 3, 4 at* i 1 TIT' 11 * Ct' Schizopetalon Walken, Sims, 74 56 Stylidium laricifolium. Rich. 32 10 tenuifolium, R. Br. ib. 12 CI J 11 l*i3 J Synedrella nodiriora, Gcertn. 60 69 Tillandsia amoena, Lodd. 41, 42 ,ib. Trichomanes elegans, Rudge, 52 38 membranaceum, L. - 76 19 Taenitis graminifolia, Hook. ■ 77 37 Vanda ? trichorhiza, Hook. 72 ib. Velleia lyrata, R. Br. 24 31 spathulata, Juss. ib. 28 Verbesina nodiflora, L. 60 Woodwardia caudata, Cav. 25 ( vii ) ENGLISH INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF THE EXOTIC FLORA. Plate Adder 's-tongue, petiolated, 66 Ageratum, hairy, 15 AlstrcEmeria, Red speckled-flowered, 64 tricolored. 05 Anemia, dwarf, ... 28 Asarabacca, arum-leaved. 40 Barberry, various-leaved. 14 Begonia, Elm-leaved, 57 silver-spotted. 18 small-flowered, 17 Bristle-Fern, elegant. 52 ————— membranaceous. - 76 Bromelia, pale-flowered. 41, 42 Butterwort, toothless-flowered. - 16 Cactus, truncated. 20 Caladium, two-coloured, 26 Calypso, northern. 12 Cassutha, naked. 2 Club-moss, tree-like. - 7 Cymbidium, sword-leaved. 51 Dalea, two-coloured. 43 Dendrobium, splendid. 29 fringed, - 71 Donia, ciliated, 45 Doodia, caudate. 25 rigid. 8 Dorstenia, Arum-leaved, 6 Dumb-cane, 1 Epidendrum, drooping-flowered. 50 Garland-flower, spiked, 46 Goodyera, tall, 39 Grammitis, serrated. 78 Hemionitis, palmated. - 33 Indian-shot, spotted-flowered var. 53 taU, 47, 48 Lady's-slipper, large-flowered, 34 spotted. 35 Lady 's-smock, Mignonette-leaved 54 Plate Lobelia, small-flowered. 44 Neottia, showy. 3, 4 Ophrys, yellow. 10 Orchis, showy American, 69 Ornithidium, scarlet. - 38 Orontium, aquatic. 19 Osbeckia, Nepal, 31 — — — woolly-fruited. 37 Pennywort, Nepal, 30 shining. - 29 Peperomia, four-leaved, 22 hoary. 66 many-stalked. 23 pereskia-leaved. 67 . red-stalked, 58 — — — — villous. 21 Pogonia, adder's-tongue. 70 Pothos, violet-fruited. 55 Primrose, lesser Bird's-eye, 68 Rue, white-flowered. - 79 Saxifrage, fringe- leaved. 49 Scaly-Fern, glabrous, - 63 narrow-leaved. 61 — — — — sword-leaved. 62 Serapias, tongue-lipped. 11 Slipper-flower, glandular. 76 Side-saddle flower, red. 13 Shield-Fern, catenulated. 5 Spurge, Hypericum-leaved, 36 Shumac-leaved, 59 Schizanthus, pinnated-leaved. 73 SchLzopetalon, Walker's, 74 Stylidium, Larch-leaved, 32 Synedrella, sessile-flowered. 60 Toenitis, grass-leaved. - 77 Vanda, hairy-rooted, - 72 Velleia, lyrate-leaved. 24 Woodbine, downy American, 27 1 CALADIUM Seguinum. Dumb Cane. MONGECIA POLYANDRIA Nat. Ord. AROIDE^. Gen. Char. — Masc. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Antherce peltatas, multiloculares, in spicam ad apicem spadicis compositae. FcEM. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Germina ad basin spadicis inserta. Stt/lus 0. Bacca uni- (bi-) locularis, polysperma.-— fTe'ZW. Caladium Seguinum; caulescens suberectum, foliis oblongo-ovatis cuspi- datis, spadice spatha oblonga breviore, C. Seguiniun, Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. p. 490. — Aiton, Hort. Ketv. ed. 2. v. 5. p. 312. Arum Seguinum, Linn. -Sp. PL p. 1371, Stem from 3 to 5, and even 6 feet in height, and sometimes as thick as a man's wrist ; it is generally a little procumbent at the base, then erect, naked, jointed, green, often discoloured with the dried sheathing bases of the former years' leaves, smooth, succulent, filled with a green, highly acrid juice. Leaves all springing from the summit of the stem, 8 or 10 inches in length, ovato-oblong, cuspidate, undulated, having a thick midrib, and lateral parallel veins, their substance marked with pellucid white spots, often perforated ; they are horizontal or deflexed, deep green, sub- coriaceous, petiolated, petioles about half as long as the leaves, channel- led, sheathing, sheaths terminated in a short green ligule, as in the grasses. From the sheathing bases of these petioles, arise the spathas, which are 5 or 6 inches in length, oblong, pedunculated, pale green, convoluted, rather shorter than the spadix, which is cylindrical, but attached for the greater part of its length to the spatha. Stamens covering the upper and free part of the spadix all around, peltate, hexangular, their sides bearing several oblong, pendent, 2-celled Anthers, filled with a white pollen. The centre of the spadix is naked, or only bears a few abortive stamens. The lower part, on the side not attach- ed to the spatha, is covered with numerous greenish, nearly spherical, 2-celled pistils, mostly temate, in transverse rows, and furnished at the base with 2 or 4 white, clavate bodies, which I suspect to be abortive Anthers. Ovules, several in each cell. Stigmas sessile, large, yellow, lobed and wrinkled, viscid. The more advanced state of the fructifica,-3 tion I have not seen, as the plant does not bear fruit with us. VOL. I. This is a fine, handsome, palm-like plant, rising with a long, jointed stem, and having a cluster of leaves at the extremity. It is a native of the West Indian Islands, and of the wanner parts of South America. We are assured by Brown, in his Natural History of Jamaica, that the stalk is employed to bring sugar to a good grain, when the juice is too viscid, and cannot be made to granulate properly by the application of lime alone. The acrid nature of the Aroidece, in general, is well known. In that quality, perhaps, the present individual yields to no other. Sloane describes the species as " labris degustantes mutos reddens." Hence the term of Dumb Cane, an appella- tion fully justified by a recent instance which I have heard of in this climate. When Mr Macnab, the excellent Superin- tendant of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, was at Kew, a box of these plants arrived there from Cayenne. One of the men employed to remove the individuals to the stove, incautiously bit a piece of one of them, when his tongue swelled to such a degree that he could not move it ; he became utterly incapable of speaking, and was confined to the house for some days, in the most excruciating torments. The slightest application to the tongue of the juice from the spadix, gives great pain, as I have myself experienced. It is said to impart an indelible stain to linen. The drawing was made from a fine plant which flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasgow, in the middle of winter. A, Plant about j^th of the natural size. Fig. 1, Spatha, nat. size. Fig. 2. The same cut open, to shew the Spadix. Fig. 3. Single Stamen. Fig. 4. Two of the Cells of the Anther cut open transversely. Fig. 5. Two of the Cells entire. Fig. 6. Three Pistils, with the accompanying clavate bodies. Fig. 7. Germen, cut through trmsverselys— All from Fig. 3. are more or less magnified. 2 RHIPSALIS Cassutha. leaked Cassutha. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA— Nat. Obd. NOPALEM. Joss. ined. — De Cand.— Cactoides, Vent.— Cactorum pars, Jnss. Genu PI, Gen. Char.— CflZ. supeme subquadrifidus. Corolla 4-partita, una cum ca- lyce persistens. Stam. sub-duodeclm ; antheris rotundatis. Stigma 3-fi- dum. Bacca pellucida. Semina 12-20 intra pulpam nidulantia. Plantos aphyllsB. Caules cylindracei nunc fasciculatim pilosis obscure arti- culati. Flares parvi. Rhipsalis Cassutha ; ramis verticillatis cylindraceis glabris nudis. R. Cassutha, G^rtn. De Fruct. v. i. p. 137. t.28. f. I—Haw. Si/n. PL Succ p. 187. Cactus pendulus, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. v. ii. p. 876. — ^Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. p. 942. Ait. Hart. Ketv. ed. 2. v. iii, p. 178. Cassytha baccifera. Mill. Illustr. Stems 2 feet, or rather more, in length, growing in their native country ei- ther upon the ground, or from the trimks of trees, drooping, much branched, the branches mostly verticillate, jointed, fragile at the joints, everywhere almost exactly cylindrical, green, smooth, and naked. From the branches on all sides appear the small scattered fowers, when in perfection scarcely exceeding a hemp-seed in size, yellowish-white. Cali/x very minute, cut into usually four ovate, obtuse, segments. Corolla 4-partite, segments oblongo-ovate concave, nearly equal, erecto- patent, including the stamens and style. Stamens about 12, united at the base of the petals. Filaments white, short. Anthers rounded, 4-lobed, dotted, yellowish-white. Germen inferior, or, more correctly speaking, incorporated with the tube of the calyx, thrice as large as the calyx and corolla, green, glabrous. Style longer than the stamens, but shorter than the corolla, filiform. Stigma S-cleflt, downy. The Fruit forms nearly spherical berries, about as large as pease, which are not unfrequently on the same plant with the flowers ; flesh-coloured, pellucid, terminated with the persistent calyx and corolla, very juicy, containing from 12 to 20 ob- long subangular brown seeds, which seem to be collected around a pellucid central receptacle, and are beautifully striated with dots. Albumen 0. Embryo of the same shape as the seed, its radicle placed next the hilum. An inhabitant of the West Indian Islands and New Spain, growing, as it is said, generally from the trunks of trees, in the same manner as the Misseltoe does with us. Such a place of growth, combined with such a habit as we VOL. I. see in the plant before us, and such inconspicuous flowers, with the proportionally large fruit, would, at first sight, seem to in- dicate a distinct genus from those shewy and splendid species of Cactus which we are accustomed to behold in every garden. Gjertner first separated the present individual from that ge- nus, and gave it the name which I have adopted ; in doing which he has been followed by Haworth, and by some of the continental botanists. At the same time, it must be confess- ed, that the characters of the genus have been very imperfectly investigated. The calyx is undoubtedly erroneously described by GuERTNER and Hawouth ; the corolla, stamens, and style, are not noticed, and the number of seeds, in each berry, is by no means confined to 12, for I counted as many as 20 in one fruit. These seeds, too, Gartner says, differ from those of the Cactus, inasmuch as the latter have an albumen; but when that author proceeds to figure and describe those of Cactus^ he speaks of them as exalbuminose. I have found myself, therefore, under the necessity of making considerable alterations in the generic character, and am still far from looking upon it as satisfactory. Indeed, the whole fructification is so nearly allied to the other cactoid plants, that, were it not for the strong peculiarity in the habit of the plant, and the high authority of G^ertner and Ha worth, the lat- ter of whom has laboured so much among the genera and spe- cies of succulent plants, I should scarcely have ventured to keep the genus Rhipsalis distinct. This plant flowers dming the greater part of the year, and requires the heat of the stove. We possess in the Botanic Garden some other species of this genus, which are described by Mr Haworth. Of these, the C. parasiticus, figured by De Candolle in his Plantes Grasses, comes nearest to the present individual, but differs, in the young branches having fascicles of hair. Fig, A, Portion of a plant in flower ; and B portion of a plant in fruit, natu- ral size. Fig. 1. The unexpanded bud. Fig. 2. Flower. Fig. 3. Petal and portion of the calyx, with 3 stamens. Fig. 4. Style and stigma. Fig. 5. Berry. Fig. 6. The same cut through transversely, shewing the position of the seeds. Fig. 7- Single seed. Fig. 8. Seed, cut through vertically, to shew the embryo. Fig. 9- Embryo removed from the seed, magni/ied. S, 4 NEOTTIA spEciosA. Showy Neottia. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.— Nat. Obd. ORCHIDEM. Gen. Char. — Cor ringens : petalis exterioribus, anticis labello imberbi sup- positis; interioribus conniventibus. Columna a^tesa.. Po/few farinaceum, Br. Neottia speciosa ; labello lanceolato indiviso, scapo bracteato, bracteis flore longioribus, foliis oblongis margine apicem versus undulatis. — WiUd. Neottia speciosa, Willd. Sp. PL v. iv. p. 72. — ^Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 3. — BoL Mag. t. 1374 — AiTON, Hart. Kern. ed. 2. vol. v. p. 198. Root composed of several fasciculated fibres, each nearly as thick as the little finger, and flexuose ; from the crown of these rise 5 or G rather large, broadly ovate, bright green, undulated leaves, having a beautiful silky gloss, and marked with longitudinal veins, which are again connect- ed by fainter transverse ones ; the lower leaves running gradually down into a sheathing petiole. Scape a foot, or rather more, in height, cylin- drical at the base, angular above, almost concealed by the large, lanceo- late, sheathing, coloured scales, which above change gradually into brac- teas. Spike oblongo-ovate, of numerous, crowded, secund flowers, and these as well as the bracteas, by which their length is equalled or some- times surpassed, are of a fine red colour, changing to rose as they advance in age. Perianth of 6 nearly equal, oblong, linear-lanceolate leaflets, all nearly .erect, so as to form an oblong tube, except at the extremity, which is ringent. The three superior leaflets are connivent, and united at their extremi- ties ; the two lower ones are very gibbous at the base, and instead of being lateral, as usual in this family, are placed beneath the lahellum, almost entirely concealing it, and thus forming one of the essential cha- racters of the genus. Labellum pale reddish, almost white, saccate at the base, its sides embracing the lower part of the column, its extremity entire, acute, grooved and recurved. Column ot fructification short, white, its under side pubescent. Anthers parallel with the stigma, long, linear lanceolate, acuminate, 2-celled, and throwing out upon the back of the stigma two long, slender, yellow pollen-masses, which are fixed by the extremity to a lanceolate somewhat homy sheathing appendage to the point of the stigma ; they are bipartible, composed of minute, fa- rinaceous bodies, connected together in fours. Germen linear-oblong, VOL. I. A angular, curved. Stigma quadrate, viscid, placed in front of the column, and terminating in a long, spear-shaped point. Figures are not wanting of this truly beautiful, but in our collections not uncommon, orchideous plant. There exist plates of it in Andrews' Botanical Repository, and in the Botanical Magazine, and also a most splendid one in the Plantes Li- liacees of M. Redoute'. But in none of these are there any representations given of the flower and its structure, which can convey an idea of the characters which constitute the genus. It is a native of the West Indian Islands, and, it appears, also of the Equinoctial part of the Continent of America. It is easy of cultivation in a rich soil, and in the month of Ja- nuary enlivens the bark-pit of the stove with its charming blos- soms. TAB. 3. A, Spike of flowers, nat. size. Fig. 1. Side view of a flower with its brac- tea. Fig. 2. Back view of the same. Fig. 3. Front view, shewing the anterior segments of the perianth which embrace the lip. Fig. 4. The lip and column of fructification. Fig. 5. Side view of the column. Fig. 6. Back view of the same, the pollen-mass having escaped from the anther, and attached itself by its points to the appendage at the extremity of the stigma. Fig. 7. Front view of the column ; a, The stigma; h, The appendage at the extremity. Fig. 8. Anther cases. Fig. 9. Pollen-mass. Fig. 10. One of the granules of which the pol- . len-mass is composed.—^// more or less magnified. TAB. 4. Portion of the scape of NeoUia speciosa, with the leaves and root. Nal. size. 5 ASPIDIUM Wal MCHII. Catenulated Shield-Fern. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES— Nat. Ord. FILICES. Gen. Char. — Sori subrotundi sparsi. Indusium umbilicatum vel uno latere dehiscens.-— WUld. Aspidium Wallkhii ; frondibus simplicibus Imeaii-lanceolatis, soris ra- chis utrinqiie per totam fere longitudinem lineatim dispositis, stipite inarticulato. Caudex woody, creeping, covered with numerous brown chaffy scales, and throwing out a few tough, simple, fibrous roots. Stipes about 2 inches long, smooth, shining, only bearing a few chaffy scales at the base, joint- less. F rond from 12 to 14 inches in length, linear lanceolate, of a delicate submembranaceous substance, pale green, tapering at the base, and at the extremity; slightly pubescent, obscurely fringed at the margin, fur- nished through the centre with a strong midrib or rachis, of a greenish hue, flat| above, of a shining purplish black colour and prominent be- neath, from which there branch off on each side numerous, closely placed, parallel, ahnost horizontal, delicate nerves, reaching to the margin, and often forked at the base. Sori, or clusters of fructification, collected together so closely as to be almost catenulated in two lines, one on each side the rachis, and lying close to it, of a brown colour. Involucre a roundish, kidney-shaped, reticulated scale, opening nearly all round, ciliated at the margin. Capsules nume- rous in each cluster, and mixed with a few lanceolate chaffy scales, sphe- rical, pedicellate, reticulated. Annulus incomplete. One of the principal motives which has urged me to under- take the present work, is the opportunity it will give me of publishing some of the many novel and beautiful plants with which my collection is enriched, by the well known liberality of Dr Wallich, Superintendant of the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. This gentleman's journey into the kingdom of Ne- pal, aided by the exertions of collectors whom he sends to ex- plore that country, has opened to us a new and almost inex- VOL. I. haiistible source of botanical treasures. My work on Exotic Mosses bears testimony to the riches of Nepal in that depart- ment ; whilst the present one is destined to include many of the Phsenogamous Plants and Ferns which I have thence re- ceived. Among the latter, splendid as many of them are, few will be found to exceed the present in delicacy ; and none can, as a species, be more distinct. It belongs to a division of the genus (frondibus simplicibus), in which only three individuals had been hitherto included, all of them distinguished also by their articulated or jointed fronds. This last circumstance is wanting in Aspidium Wallichii, besides which it has the clus- ters of fructification catenulated, and running down on each side of the midrib, — characters which might perhaps authorise its being constituted a new genus. The term " scattered sori," (or clusters of fructification), is hardly applicable to the present species; that expression, as constituting part of the generic dis- tinction, having been intended to be placed in opposition to those so?i which were marginal, or to those covering an entire portion of the frond. Fig. 1. Portion of the frond slightly magnified, with 2 clusters of fructifica- tion, covered in part with their involucres. Fig. 2. Involucre ; and. Fig. 3. Capsules, highly magnified. 6 DORSTENIA arifolia. Arum-leaved Dorstenia. MONOECIA DIANDRIA— Nat. Ord. URTICEM. Gen. Char. — Receptaculum camosum^ dilatatum, patens, supeme papillosum, papillis intus florigeris. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Styli duo. Pericarpia solita- ria, receptaculo immersa, monosperma. Dorstenia ari/blia; foliis profunda quinquefidis digitato-palmatis, laci- niis lanceolatis, (junioribus cordato-sagittatis integris), receptaculo elliptico-quadrato inclinato lateral! ter pedunculo affixo. D. arifolia. Lam. Encycl Illustr. t. iii. f. 2. (mala); Diet. v. ii. p. 317- Root rather large, somewhat knotted, and covered with numerous thickly entangled downy roots, with several clusters of ovate, acute, green, re- curved concave scales or stipules at the top, from which the leaves and stalks of the receptacle arise. Leaves 8-10 inches long, all radical, 2 feet high when fully grown ; the early ones, according to Mr Shepherd, cordato-sagittate, dentate, and quite undivided, afterwards deeply cleft into 5 long, spreading, lanceolate, nearly entire, acuminated segments, with broad and rounded sinuses, the lowermost ones divaricated, and often again bipartite ; their colour is a very deep shining green, paler beneath, nerved, with the nerves prominent. Petioles about twice the length of the leaf, cylindrical, rather broader at the base. From the top of the root, and in the centre of the leaves, arises the cylindri- cal stalk, shorter than the petioles, erect, and supporting the elliptical- quadrate, flatly compressed, nearly erect, green receptacle, with the stalk united near the lower margin, at the back ; its disk expanded, plane, pa- pillose, and slightly downy ; its margin with numerous small, incurved, teeth-like processes. The papillce bear either male or female flowers, mixed indiscriminately. The male is composed of 2 stamens, without either calyx or corolla, at first entirely concealed within the papillae, af- terwards protruded through a transverse cleft. Filaments shortish, white. Anthers didymous, yellow. The female flowers are imbedded deep into the fleshy part of the receptacle, each cell covered by a papilla like that of the male flower. Germen solitary, without calyx or corolla, ovate, acuminated, terminating in two short styles, which are just protruded above the cleft of the papilla. There is a singularly broad and thicken- ed margin, running down one side of the pistil. Few persons, on the first inspection of this plant, would sus- pect it to be the Dorstenia arifolia, figured in Lamarck's VOL. I. B Illustrations, t. 83. It is there, however, only represented with cordate and undivided leaves ; yet is described as having them sometimes deeply cut into many short segments ; and what sa- tisfies me more than any thing about the identity of the two in- dividuals, is the fact observed by Mr Henry Shepherd of Li- verpool, (to whom 1 am indebted for the opportunity of figuring this rare plant), that the first leaves are always cordate and un- divided, afterwards they are all as represented in the annexed specimen. It is a very handsome plant, vying in size, form, and beauty of foliage, with some of our large tropical Polypo- dia, and equally deserving a place in every stove. It is, how- ever, at present, I believe, extremely rare, having been de- scribed, as far as I can find, by no author but Lamarck, from specimens gathered in the Brazils by Dombey. It was in- troduced, as Mr H. Shepherd informs me, into the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, from that country in 1820, by Mrs Ar- nold Harrison of Aegsburgh, near Liverpool. Fig. 1. Plant reduced to one-half of its natural size. Fig. 2. Back view of a receptacle of flowers. Fig. 3. Portion of the upper surface, or disk, of the receptacle. Fig. 4. Section of the same, shewing the male and fe- male flowers. Fig. 5. Pistils, magnified. 7 - LYCOPODIUM DENDROIDEUM. Tree-like Club-moss, CRYPTOGAMIA STACK YOPTERIDES, WiUd.—^AT,OKi>:LYCOPODINEMyBrmn. Gen. Char. — Capsuke uniloculares, axillaresj sessiles, aliae bivalves, farina repletae, aliae 2-S valves, corpusculis 1-6 globosis, — Br. Lycopodium dendroideum ; caule erecto inferne denudato, superne ra- mose, ramis alternis dichotomis patentibus, foliis lineari-lanceolatis subsexfariis patulis, spicis solitariis terminalibus sessilibus. L. dendroideum, Mich. Fl. Bar. Am. v. ii. p. 282. — Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 178. — WiLLD. Sp. PI. V. 5. p. 21. — ScHKUHR, FU. 1. 164. — AiTON, Hort. Kerv. ed. 2. V. 5. p. 4.93.— Dill. Muse. t. 67- L. obscurum. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1566. Root much creeping, and throwing out stiff, wiry fibres. Stem about 6 or 8 inches high, at the base undivided, and with very few appressed leaves ; upward much branched, with the branches spreading, slightly and grace- fully curved back, opposite, and again frequently divided in a dichoto- mous manner. Leaves a beautiful bright green, shining, mostly arranged in 6 rows, linear-lanceolate, entire, spreading, but slightly incurved, de- current at the base. Fructification in single cylindrical sessile spikes from the extremities of the stem or branches, at first yellow-green, soon becoming yellow-brown, and formed of numerous imbricated, cordate, membranaceous scales, having within them a bivalved, reniform, coriaceo- membranaceous capsule, of one cell, and containing numerous minute, spherical, yellow, sporules. This elegant species of Lycopodium seems to be very com- mon in North America, according to Michaux, from Canada and New England to the mountainous parts of Carolina. It well deserves a place in every garden, being hardy, according to Hortus Kewensis ; although, in our collection, it has been found to succeed best in a cool but airy part of the green- house. We have abundant dried specimens from Mr Goldie, ga- thered at Montreal : our living ones were sent from the same country by Mr Kippin. VOL. I. Its upright tree-like mode of growth is unusual among the genus, and this species seems to hold the same rank in it as the splendid Hypnum Menziesii, H. dendroideum, &c. among the Mosses, do with the rest of that genus. Fig. 1. Plant, natural size. Fig. 2. Leaf. Fig. 3. Scale of the spike of fruc- tification. Fig. 4. Scale with its bivalved capsule. Fig. 5. Capsule se- parated from the scale. Fig. 6. Seeds.— but Fig. 1. more or less mag- nified. 8 DOODIA ASPERA. Rigid Doodia. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES— Nat. Oed. FILICES, Div. Gyratje, Br. Gen. Char. — Sori lunulati vel lineares, seriati, costae paralleli. Involucrum e ramulo anastomosante venae ortum, planum, intus liberum. — Br. Frondes caespitosae, pinnatae, pinnis dentatis quandoque coadunatis. Scrri interdum biseriati. — Br. Doodia aspera; frondibus lanceolatis pinnatifidis, laciniis lineari-ensi- formibus acuminatis spinuloso-serratis, soris lunulatis, distinctis, pas- sim biseriatis, stipite rachique asperis. — Br. D. aspera. Brown, Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 151. Every part of this plant is singiJarly rigid. The frmds, about 8 inches in length, grow in a tufted manner, but spreading out with their extremi- ties in all directions; their form is lanceolate, attenuated at the base and at the extremity, terminating below in a short stipes, beset with stiff, hard, black, mostly reversed scales, as is the back of the rachis, dark green : these fronds are deeply pinnatifid, the pinnce or segments linear- ensiform, the terminal one thrice as long as the rest, all with a central rib and many nerves branching off from it, which ramify and anasto- mose with each other ; the margins spinuloso-serrate, and nearly every other spinule reflexed. Sori, or clusters of fructification, oblong, bursting from a branch of the veins which runs parallel with the central rib, and IS about half-way between it and tjie margin. Involucre lunulato-ob- long, plane, opening internally, and then exhibiting a number of sphe- rical, reticulated, annulated, and pedunculated capsules. Seeds spheri- cal. The genus Doodia is peculiar to New Holland, and was named by our learned countryman Mr Brown, in honour of Samuel Doody, one of our earliest investigators of Crypto- gamic Plants. One of its species, Z). caudata, has been ar- ranged by Cavanilles and Willdenow under Wood- wardia, from which the present genus differs in its plane (not fornicate) involucre, unconnected at its inner margin, and VOL. L arising from an anastomosing or connecting branch of the veins. Three species are described by Mr Brown. The specimen from which the accompanying figure was taken, flourishes in the green-house in peat-earth, but is in- creased with difficulty. It was communicated to our collection by our liberal friend Mr Shepherd of Liverpool. Fig. 1. Plant, one-half of the natural size. Fig. 2. Portion of a frond, natural size. Fig. 3. Segment of a leaf. Fig. 4. Portion of a segment, with a cluster of fructification. Fig. 5. Capsule and seeds, magnified. 9 DENDROBIUM Pierardi. Splendid Dendrobium. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA Nat. OaD. ORCHJDEjE. Gen. Char. — Labellum ecalcaratum, articulatum cum apice processus un- guiformis, cujus lateribus petala antica adnata, calcar semulantia. Massce poUinis 4, parallelae. — Br. Dendrobium Pierardi ; caulibus pendulis supeme nudis follis bifariis late lanceolatis, pedunculis siib-bifloris, labello indiviso tubiformi, ore dilatato obliquo, perianthii foliolis tribus exterioribus basi obtuse calcaratis. Dendrobium Pierardi, Roxburgh's MSS. with a figure. Stems, in their native country, pendent from the trunks of trees, and reach- ing (according to Dr Carev, in a note which accompanied the indivi- duals sent by him to the Liverpool Garden in 1819>) to 6 feet in length, cylindrical, much branched, with the branches tapering, fleshy and rigid jointed, green, and each joint seems to be covered with a whitish, pellu- cid, membranous sheath, marked with still more decidedly white lines, giving the whole an elegantly striated appearance. From various parts of the joints, particularly at the setting on of the branches, numerous bundles of whitish succulent roots are thrown out, which float in the atmo- sphere, or attach themselves slightly to whatever may come in their way. The leaves appear to be confined to the lower parts of the branches^ springing from the joints, alternate, horizontal, bifarious, broadly lanceo- late, about 3 inches long, thick and succulent, dark green, with longitu- dinal lines or nerves. From the joints, almost immediately above the termination of the leaves, ap- pear the Jhwers, in a lax raceme, almost constantly in pairs, (in Rox- burgh's figure occasionally in threes), from short^/boMa/A^^, alternate, bi- farious, large, and very handsome. Leaflets of' the Perianth all nearly equal in length, the 5 superior ones are pale rose-colored and spreading, the three outermost narrow, lan- ceolate, united at the base around the top of the germen, their 2 late- ral ones forming an obtuse pouch, which extends a quarter of an inch ; 2 inner ones large oblong, faintly marked with lines. Labellum spring- ing from the inside of the pouch, one inch and three-quarters long, p^e sulphur-coloured, with some oblique, bright purple lines near its base. The margins are ciliated, and for the greater part of the length are curved up and meet, so as to form a tube ; the mouth, however, is much expanded, so that the whole labellum is nearly trumpet-shaped, slightly depressed, and oblique at the mouth, veined, and pubescent within. Column of fructification short, and wholly concealed within the tube, very broad at the base, and appearing to unite all the divisions of the perianth, white, tinged and veined with deep rose colour, plane or slightly grooved in front, semicylindrical behind. Anther ovate, white, 2-lobed, ciliated in the lower edge, moveable, separating horizontally, and remaining at- tached ; united to a filiform process, which runs along a groove on the VOL. L back of the anther, and by means of which it is fixed to the top of the back of the cokimn : within, it contains 2 cells, each furnished with an elevated line, or imperfect septum, and each containing 2 pollen-masses of an ovate form, and double, or formed of 2 portions, yellow, waxy. Stigma in front of the column, just below the anther. Germen very long, slender, slightly twisted, resembling a pedicel. Well, indeed, might Dr Carey, who introduced this plant to our gardens, say, that " it is one of the most beautiful ve- getables in the world," when we consider, that its numerously ramified stems, which, in their native country, attain a length of 6 feet, are covered with a mass of blossoms, of such loveli- ness, as the annexed figure can convey a very imperfect idea. It thrives, however, well in our gardens, treated in the same manner as the more common parasitic Orchidece ; and the specimen from which the reduced sketch (kindly communi- cated, as well as living plants, by Mr H. Shepherd,) was taken, had reached the length of 14 inches, and had 16 flowers upon it, all expanded at the same time. A very accurate delineation of this species exists among the drawings belonging to the East India Company sent over by Dr Hoxburgh, and which I had the opportunity of seeing when in the possession of Sir Joseph Banks some years ago ; and a slight sketch taken from which, is now lying before me. It there stands under the name of Dendrobium Pierardi, ha- ving been discovered by M. Pierard upon trees in the Delta of the Ganges. A plant, very nearly allied to the present one, is figured both in the Botanical Register (No. 548.), and Botanical Magazine (No. 2242.), under the name of U. cucuUatum, but it is infe- rior to the T). Pierardi, both in the size and beauty of its flowers, which also grow opposite to the leaves, and have a la- bellum of a very different shape. The stem, the figure of the leaves, and general structure of the inflorescence, are remark- ably similar. It blossoms in the month of April in the stove of the Li- verpool Garden. A fine young plant which we have in the Glasgow Botanic Garden has not yet produced flowers. Fig. 1. Portion of a plant, reduced to half the natural size, from a sketch of Mr H. Shepherd. Fig. 2. Two of the flowers, nat. size. Fig. 3. Back view of a flower cut off from the top of the germen. Fig. 4. Front view of a flower, the lip being cut away. Fig. 5. Front view of the column of fructification. Fig. 6. Back view of ditto. Fig. 7. Back view of a column, the Anther-case having sprung from the summit, but remaining attached to its filament; the Pollen-masses, Fig. 8. being discharged,— -a// from Fig. 3. more or kss inagnijied. Fig. 9. Leaf, nat. size. 10 OPHRYS LUTEA. Yellow Ophrys. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEJE. Gen. CHAR.~CoroZ/« subpatens. Lahellum ecalcaratum. Glandulce poUinis cucullis distinctis inclusae.~J5r. Ophrys lutea ; labello trilobo, lobo medio productiore rotundato emar- ginato mutico, perianthii laciniis tribus exterioribus late ovatis pe- tentibus, duobus interioribus minutis. O. lutea, Cavan. 7c. v. ii. p. 46. 1. 160. (fide Willd.)— Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. p. 60. — Biv. Bern. Sicul. PI. cent. 2da, p. 40. t. 5. tloot of 2 rounded tubers, with a few fibres proceeding from near the sum- mit. Stem about 8 inches in height, cylindrical, flexuose, leafy ; leaves oblong, spreading, obtuse, striated, the upper ones narrower, lanceolate, erect, and gradually passing into bracteas. Flowers about 3, from the extremity of the stalk, each accompanied by a lanceolate bractea, about as long as the germen. The outer divisions of the perianth are nearly alike, broadly ovate, concave, green, spreading ; the two inner ones linear, oblong, small, yellow, glabrous, almost erect ; the lahellum or lip large, pendent, broadly ovate, obtuse, the sides and ex- tremity glabrous, a little deflexed, the centre prominent, of a fine velvety brown, with a double greenish spot at the base ; the lip is 3-lobed, the 2 lateral lobes the smallest, the extreme one protruded, broad, so as to leave a very narrow sinus on each side, rounded, and slightly notched in the middle, with a small swelling or elevation. Column of fructification short. Stigma roundish, margined, yellow. Anther from the upper margin of the stigma, clavate, green at the back, yellow in the front, 2-celled, with the base of the cells distinct, rounded. Pollen- masses 2, distinct, each clavate, bipartible, with the glandular base of the pedicel of each inserted in a distinct pouch of the anther. Germen ob- long, twisted. Of this curious genus, which is so well defined by Mr Brown, we have three species, indigenous to the warmer parts of Great Britain, but which, beautifiil as they are, must yield to VOL. I. c the present individual, which inhabits the still more southern countries of Europe. TouRNEFORT sccms to have paid great attention to this tribe of plants during his voyage to the Levant, and has caused several of them to be drawn upon vellum, by that admirable artist AuBRiET, who accompanied him as a botanical draughts- man. These figures form a part of the splendid Vellum Col- lection, as it is called, of Natural History, begun under the auspices of Gaston, Duke of Orleans, brother of Louis XIII. and continued to the present time at the expence of the French Government. Five new species, taken from those drawings, are figured and described by Desfontaines in the loth volume of the Annales du Museum d'Histoire Natu- relle. Two of them, the O. vilhsa of Desfontaines ( O. ten- thredinifera of Willd.) and the O. Speculum, and, as it would appear, the only exotic true Ophrides ever introduced in a living state into this country, were brought by Mr Swainson from Palermo ;' and, of these, excellent figures have been given by Mr Gawler in the numbers of the Botanical Register. Tubers of O. lutea were received from Gibraltar, by the Bota- nical Garden here, through the kindness of Captain Dunn of Greenock ; and, though inclosed, in a dry state, in a bag of Ranunculus roots, they flowered in the green-house in the suc- ceeding spring. In a growing state this plant is beautiful, and most re- sembles O. iricolor of the Annales du Museum, v. 10. t. 13. differing, however, from it, in the fewer number of flowers up- on its spike, the dissimilar form of the lip, and the yellow, not purple, colour of the blossoms. WiLLDENOW states it to be a general inhabitant of Spain and Portugal ; and Bivona Bernardi of the hills and mea- dows about Palermo and Catania. Fig. 1. The small inner segment of the perianth. Fig. 2. Lip and column of fructification. Fig. 3. Upper part of the stigma^ with the anther. Fig. 4. One of the pollen-masses.—^// more or less magnified. 11 SERAPIAS Lingua. Tongue-lipped Serapias. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEM. Gen. Char — Corolla ringens. Lahellum ecalcaratum. Columna cuspidata. Pedicelli pollmis inserti glandula unica cucullo inclusa.— J?r. in Hort. Kerv. Serapis Lingua; labello tripartito, laciniis lateralibus obtusis erectis conniventibus, media oblonga lanceolata acutiuscula glabriuscula dependente.— Willd. S. Lingua, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1344. — ^Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. p. 70- — Ait. Hort. Kerv. ed. 2, v. 5. p. 195. The root of this plant consists of one large, nearly spherical, plump and fleshy tuber, with a smaller shrivelled one by its side, and above these a few rather thick, carnose, simple fibres. Stem 8 inches to 1^ foot high, flexuose, leafy. Leaves lanceolate, the middle ones long and narrow, smooth, pale green, obscurely nerved ; the uppermost passing gradually into bracteas. Spike composed of from 2 to 5, or even 8 inclined jiowers, each subtended by a lanceolate and acuminated, sheathing, purplish-green, large hractea. Perianth of 5 narrow, lanceolate and much acuminated, connivent, united leajlets, the 2 innermost being very narrow, and scarcely separable from the upper one ; their colour is a pale yellow-green, with purplish red lines. Lip large, and 3-lobed, yellowish-white at its base within, and having, just where it joins on to the receptacle, an oblong, deep purple tubercle or gland (Fig. 3.), the 2 lateral hbes broad, erect and incurved, fine purple colour, almost wholly covered by the galea; middle lobe ob- longo-ovate, rather acute, pendent, or even reflexed, a little waved, yel- lowish-white, pubescent at the base, the margin reddish. Column of fructijication rather lengthened, yellowish-green, running out into a long attenuated point beyond the Anther. Germen somewhat clavate, not twisted. Stigma broadly ovate, viscid, in the front of the column. Anther fine yellow, obovate, 2-celled, with one little point at the base, in which is inserted the single gland, bearing the 2 yellow pollen-masses (Fig. 5.) The two species of Serapias, S. Lingua and S. cordigera, have a very close affinity with each other, and are scarcely to be distinguished but by the larger size of the latter, and the VOL. I. broadly ovate middle segment of its lip. I find both plants to be hairy at the base of the lower lip, the S. cordigera most so, according to the fine specimens preserved in my herbarium, ^hich were gathered by W. Swainson, Esq. at Palermo in Sicily. The same excellent naturalist brought home living plants of S. Lingua, which flowered for two successive seasons at the Botanic Garden, Liverpool, in the month of April. It was from these individuals, kindly communicated by Mr Shepherd, that the accompanying figure was taken. Fig. 1. Front view of a single flower, nat. size. Fig. 2. A flower partly spread open, two of the leaflets of the perianth being separated from the 3 conjoined ones above, and shewing the column of fructification and lip. Fig. 3. Front view of the lip, removed from the flower. Fig. 4. Column; a. The anther; b, The stigma; c. The scar where the lip was attached. Fig. 5. PoUen-masses, united upon one com- mon gland. 12 CALYPSO BOREALIS. Northern Calypso. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA — Nat. Ord. ORCHIDS^, Div. IV. Anthera terminalis, mobilis decidua. Massae j^wUinis demum cereaces.— Gen. Char. — Labellum ventricpsum, prope apicem subtus calcaratum. Pe- tala adscendentia, secunda. Columna petaloidea, dilatata. Masses pol^ linis 4. — Br. Calypso borealis, Salisb. Parad. Land. n. 89. — Richard, Be Orchid, in Mem. du Mus. V. iv. p. 60. — PuRSH, Fl. Am. Sept. v. ii. p. 593. Calypso Americana, Br. in Hort. Ken. v. 5. p. 208 Nutt. Am. Fl. v. ii. p. 194. Orchidium boreale, Sw. in Svensk. Botanik. t. 518. Limodorum boreale, Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. p. 123.~Sw. De Orchid, p. 85. Cymbidium boreale, Sw. in Nov. Act. Ups. vi. p. 76. (fide Willd.) Cypripedium bulbosum. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1347. Root a small bulb, sheathed with scales, and throwing out from its base 2 or 3 rather long, and somewhat downy fibres. Stem from 4 to 6 inches, or even more, in height, covered, throughout its whole length, with long, cylindrical, membranaceous, brownish-green, sheathing scales, and with one, rather large, ovato-rotund dark-green leaf, deeply marked with lon- gitudinal nerves, and somewhat reticulated. Flower solitary, terminal, drooping, about an inch long. Peduncle short, curved, as well as the elongated germen. Five segments of the perianth lanceolate, rose-coloured, patent, and all curved forward. Lip inclined downwards, ovate, remarkably inflated, dingy pink, marked internally with deep purple interrupted lines, externally with obscure ones, open above at the base, the margins reflexed, with a tuft of yellow hairs at the sinus, and running down towards the apex into a broad, pale rose-colour- ed, spotless 2-lobed ligule; beneath this, the lip terminates in a sharp, bifid, yellow point, which is sometimes longer than the ligule, and some- times scarcely equalling it in length. Column of Jructification dilated at the margin, into a petal-like form, ovate, convex, rose-coloured, and co- vering the aperture of the lip. Anther seated on a small swelling, just beneath the extremity of the column on the under side, nearly hemi- spherical, yellow- white, membranaceous, moveable, attached by its base ; when fallen away leaving 2 pairs of flattened, yellow, waxy pollen- masses, attached by their narrower extremities. Stigma a concave heart- shaped excavation, in part covered by the anther-bearing process. Bulbs of tliis truly beautiful and interesting plant were communicated by Mr Kippin, from Montreal to our Botanic Garden in 1821, and from those which blossomed there in the month of March 1822, the accompanying figures were taken. It is a native of Siberia, near the river Lena, in the 55th degree of North Latitude, according to Gmelin ; of Ostro- bothnia, according to Linn^us. Mr Menzies found it in Nova Scotia, as did Governor Lewis on the banks of Colum- VOL. I. bia river. In 1811, Mr Nuttall gathered it, but without flower, on the Island of St Helena, near the outlet of Lake Michigan, in the shade of Abies canadensis, attached to re- cent vegetable soil. Mr Brown has separated, in the Hortus Kewensis^ the American state of this plant from the European, and has ascribed to it, " a lip narrowed and subunguiculate at the base, the spur exceeding the lamina or ligule of the lip in length, and the peduncle longer than the germen." The first charac- ter is by no means apparent in my living specimens. The se- cond is variable ; for though, in the individuals here figured, the spur is longer than the ligule, yet, in some of those in my herbarium, which were gathered by Mr Goldie at Montreal, the ligule rather exceeds the spur in length, and the peduncle is about as long as the germen. I have, for these reasons, ven- tured again to unite the American species with the European, particularly as it sufficiently well accords with the figure of the latter given by Swartz in the Svensk Botanik. The ligule, I should however observe, in Swartz's plate, is represented much larger in proportion than in my specimens, and entire at the extremity. Smith says, that he has in vain sought for a permanent difference between the American and European plants ; and Richard adds, " An Calypso Americana, Hort. Kew. 208. specie differat non satis constat." The Genus was established by Salisbury, in his beauti- tiful Paradisus Londinensis, " from tcaXv^o, to cover, or conceal, not merely alluding to the covering of the stigma, but preserving a poetical analogy between this botanical beauty, so difficult of access, and the secluded goddess, whose isle was fabled to be miraculously protected from the observation of na- vigators."— Sm. in Bees' Cycl. In Europe, the plant is considered of great rarity. In Canada, especially about Montreal, it appears to be not un- common. Its mode of cultivation with us is in pots of peat-earth ; and it is sheltered by a frame in winter. Fig. 1. Plant, exhibiting a front view of the flower. Fig. 2. Ditto, shewing a side view of it. Fig. 3. Back view of a flower, natural size. Fig. 4. Front view of a flower, deprived of its lip ; shewing the under side of the column. Fig. 5. Front view of the lip, removed from Fig. 4. Fig. 6. Back view of the lip. Fig. 7. Upper extremity of the colmnn, to sliew the Stigma and the Anther. Fig. 8. Anther removed from the pollen-masses. Fig. Q. Summit of the column, with its pollen- masses, after the anther is removed. Fig. 10. Two of the four Pollen- masses, magnified. 13 SARRACENIA rubra. Red Sidesaddle Flower. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA Nat. Ord. INC SEDIS, Joss. Gen. Char. — Calyx duplex persistens; ext. minore triphyllo; int. penta- phyllo. Pctala 5, decidua. Stigma magnum, clypeatum, pentangularC;, persistens, stamina obtegens. Capsula 5-locularis, 5-valvis, polysperma, valvis medio septiferis. Sarracenia rubra ; foliis scapo brevioribus tubo superne senshn dilatato reticulatim venoso, appendice ovato-acuminata, planiuscula erecta. S. rubra. Watt, Carol, p. 152.— Willd. Sp. PL v. ii. p. 1150.— Ait. Horl, Kew. ed. 2. v. iii, p. 291- S. psittacina, Mich. Fl. Bor. Am. v. i. p. 311.? — Pursh, Fl. N. Am. v. ii. p. 369. ? Leaves radical, 8 or 9 inches long, oblong, gradually tapering from the near- ly cylindrical base upwards to the mouth of the tube, where it is about an inch and a half in its greatest diameter : it is laterally compressed, of a green colour, marked with longitudinal nerves and connecting reticu- lated veins, which, in the upper part, are of a purple colour. In the front of the leaf, there runs a longitudinal waved ala or mingy from the mouth to the base of the tube, and which is about one-third of an inch deep. The mouth of the tube is ovate, scarcely at all contracted, thicken- ed at the margin, the front declined, the back of it surmounted with a broadly ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly erect appendage, which is slightly convex, the margin alone, near the base, being recurved. This is usually of a purphsh colour, marked with veins like the rest of the leaf, within covered with very minute reflexed hairs. Scape twice the length of the leaves, one foot and a half long, cylindrical, erect, green, purplish above, and curved at the extremity, bearing a single, drooping, large, richly coloured^wer. Calyx double, the outer one of 3 small, ovate, yellow-green leaflets ; the iimer of 5, broadly ovate, bright purplish crimson spreading leaflets, the ex- tremities pointing downwards, and protecting the rest of the flower. Pe- tals 5, broadly ovato-rotundate, remarkably contracted below the middle, flaccid, pendent, of a very deep, fine purple colour, greenish at their bases. Stamens in a hollow cup-shaped receptacle, formed by the bases of the petals, numerous. Filaments rather short, purplish dotted. Anther insert- ed by the middle of its back, nearly horizontal, oblong, yellowish, form- ed of 2 cells, which open with a large aperture at the extremity. Pollen VOL. I spherical, pale yellow. Pistil superior. Germen spherical, about the size of a small pea, minutely tuberculated. St^le short, filiform, sup- porting a remarkably large, umbraculiform, convex, green stigma, with 5 lines, and 6 elongated angles, which curve down over the germen ; its tinder side is downy. The specific character given by the original discoverer of S. rubra, " foliis erectis tubulatis, valva plana erecta," is so applicable to our present plant, that I think there can be no question of its identity with our species. But I cannot agree with Mr PuRSH in thinking that S.psittacina of Michaux is the same ; for in that individual the tube of the leaf is de- scribed as gradually passing into a " recurved, rounded, forni- cated, mucronated appendage, somewhat resembling the head of a parrot." Nor are the leaves of S. rubra short, as compared with those of its congeners, though they are so witli regard to its scape. It is a native of swamps in Georgia and Carolina, and was introduced to this country by Mr J. Fraser, in 1786, as we learn from the Hortus Kewensis. The beautiful specimen here delineated, was communicated by Mr Shepherd of Li- verpool, in April 1822. In the flower this species approximates to S. purpurea, but has leaves of a very different form, and the singular figure of whose appendage will ever keep it distinct from all other individuals of this genus. Fig. 1. Scape and flower of S. rubra. Fig. 2. Leaf; and Fig. 3. Upper side of a flower, natural size. Fig. 4. Portion of a flower, with the great peltate stigma, turned up to display the stamens, and the germen with the style. Fig. 5. Stamen. Fig. 6. Pollen. Fig, 7- Germen and Style. — All more or less magnified. 14 BERBERIS HETEROPYHLLA. Various-leaved Barberry. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. BERBBRIDES. Gen. Char. — Calyx hexaphyllus (squamis 3 extus" stipata). Petala 6, intus biglandulosa. Antherce Valvis dehiscentes. Bacca monolocularis, 2-3- (poly-) sperma.-— D. C. Berberis heterophylla; spinis tripartitis, foliis ovata-lanceolatis glabris, aliis integris, aliis tridentato-pungentibus, pedicellis solitariis uni- floris folio vix longioribus. — Dec. B. heterophylla, Poiret, in Encycl. Bot. v. viii. p. 622. — De Cand. Regn. Veget. V. ii. p. l6. B. tricuspidata. Smith, Herb, (fide De Cand.) A shrub, rising about 3 feet in height,[much branched, the older branches co- vered with dark wrinkled bark ; the younger ones brown, and somewhat angled. Leaves clustered, of 2 kinds, the younger ones being pale green unarmed, and the margins entire, softish ; the old ones terminated with a sharp spinose point, and having a lateral spinule on each side above the middle ; hence the appropriate MS. name of Sir James Smith ; those older ones, too, are quite rigid, dark green, shining : all of them obovato- cuneate, slightly nerved. Peduncles axillary, solitary, curved, longer than the young leaves from among which they spring ; bearing a single ^^ower at the extremity. The Jhtver about the size of a pea, composed of 6 calycine leaflets, ovato-concave, of which the three exterior and alternate leaflets are the smallest ; and of as many petals, broadly ovate, connivent, deep yellowish-orange, crenated at the margin. At the base of each petal are 2 oblong, reddish-yellow glands, and between these, on each petal, is placed the stamen; this is shorter than the petal, yellow-orange coloured : Filament short, thick, with 2 lateral teeth, one on each side below the anther. Anther 2-celled, opening with 2 valves, whose broadest part is at the back of the anther ; these open from the base upward, and remain erect, attached by their upper (now become their lower) extremity ; Pollen globose. Pistil about as long as the sta- mens. Germen globose, glabrous, green, 1 -celled, with several, from 8-10, ovules : Style, scarcely any : Stigma plane, glandular, and honey- bearing at the margin, umbilicated in the centre. VOL. I. D 1 am indebted to my kind correspondent, Mr H. Shep- herd, for the opportunity of representing this interesting spe- cies of Berberis, which was communicated by him to me, from the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, in full flower, early in April, and which he conjectured might be the B. ilicifolia of For- STER. That species, however, according to De Candolle, in his admirable history of the Genus, should bear its flowers in racemes ; and the present plant appears to me to accord in every particular with the B. heterophylla of that work, and of PoiRET. If I entertain any doubt as to its identity with the last-named plant, it is from the circumstance of the berry being described as 1 -seeded, whereas the germen, in the indi- vidual before us, is evidently furnished with many ovules. The present species certainly departs from the generic cha- racter of Berberis, as given by De Candolle, inasmuch as the calyx has no scales at the base; nor are the filaments desti- tute of teeth, for there are two most distinct ones just beneath the anther. I am aware that this is the character appropriated to Mahonia ; but besides the difference in habit, that genus has its petals without glands, which in the plant before us are as distinct as in any species of Bei^beris. B. heterophylla is, as well as B. ilicifolia, an inhabitant of the Straits of Magellan, where it was discovered by Com- merson ; but when, or by whom, it was introduced to our gardens, 1 cannot learn. It is a rare species, though its hardy nature, and the bright yellow of its flowers, as contrasted with the deep green of the leaves, would render it a desirable plant for the shrubbery. A. Portion of a plant, iiatural size. Fig. 1. Flower. Fig. 2. Petal, with its glands, and anther. Fig. 3. Stamen, with its valves closed. Fig. 4. Stamen with its valves expanded. Fig. 5. Pollen. Fig. 6. Pistil. Fig. 7. Germen, cut through transversely, to shew the ovules.— -More or less magnified. 15 AGERATUM conyzoides. Hairy Ageratum. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS Nat. Ord. COMPOSITjE, De Cand. SYNANTHEREM, Trib. EoPATORiat, Cass. Gen. Char. — Recepfaculum nudum. Pappus paleis 5, subaristatis. Involu- crum oblongum, duplici foliorum serie. Corollnlce 4 seu 5-fidae, Willd. Ageratum conyzoides; foliis ovato-rhomboideis, caule piloso, paleis pappi aristatis denticulatis. A. conyzoides, Willd. Sp. PL v. iii. p. 1773. — Ait. Hort. Kerv. ed 2. v. iv. p. 509 — ScHKUHR, Boi. Handb. t. 238. Stem, 1-2 feet high, cylindrical, hairy, erect, much branched, with the branches opposite, erecto-patent. Leaves ovate, approaching to rhom- boid, rugose, recurvo-patent, pubescent, the lower part of the margins acutely serrated, petiolated ; petioles as long as the leaf, grooved, pilose. Flowers bright blue, inclining to purple, in terminal and lateral small pe- dunculated corymbs, which have small bracteas at the base of the stalk. Involucre ovato- cylindrical, slightly pilose, composed of about 14 erect scales in 2 rows, of which the outer half are oblongo-lanceolate, the inner (alternate with the outer) almost setaceous ; they appear slightly toothed, under a high magnifying power. Receptacle small, naked, containing few florets, which are shorter than the involucre, so that nothing but the styles are protruded. Corollules tubular, with 5 blue teeth, the rest white. Styles much protruded, filiform, pubescent, blue. Germen scabrous, ter- minated by 5 white setae, which are broad at the base. Pericarp (achenium) blackish-brown, soon falling out from the expanded involucre. Pappus of 5 ovate scales, terminated each by a long arista, minutely toothed for their whole length. A native of South America and the West Indian Islands, and an annual, but easily propagated, and well deserving of a place in every stove. It flowers during a considerable period of the summer ; and even the severities of winter witness the ex- pansion of its pretty blue blossoms. VOL. I. Fig. 1. Involucre, with its florets. Fig. 2. Single floret. Fig. 3. Involucre, as it appears after the pericarps are fallen away. Fig. 4. Pericarp (achenium), with its pappus. Fig. 5. One of the scales of the pappus : All more or less magnified. 16 PINGUICULA EDENTULA. Toothless-flowered Yellow Butterwort. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. LENTIBULARIjE, Rich. Br. Gen. Char. — Corolla ringens, calcarata. Calyx bilabiatus, quinquefidus. Capsula unilocularis. Pinguicula edentula ; nectario subulato recurvo, corolla campanulata breviore, quinquelobo, lobis emarginatis integerrimis, palato promi- nente, scapo pubescente. Root perennial, fibrous, slightly villous. Leaves all radical, spreading, ovate, with their margins incvirved, pale green, the surface studded with mi- nute pellucid dots, or papillae, which are soft and unctuous to the touch, furnished through the centre with one nerve. From the centre of these leaves arise 3 or 4 erect, single-flowered scapes, about 5 inches long, cy- lyndrical, downy. Calyx small, 2-lipped, the upper lip of 3, the lower of 2 oblong-lanceolate obtuse segments, downy on the outside. Corolla large, drooping be- fore expansion, pale yellow, rather obliquely campanulate, with a small deflexed spur at the base, tube with a deep furrow on one side, running into a tubular palate in the interior of the corolla ; Limb divided into 5 equal spreading, obcordate, deeply emarginated, almost semibifid lobes, but destitute of teeth or crenatures. The corolla is glabrous, except within the tube, and upon the surface of its prominent oblong, obtuse, pa- late,'which are downy. Stamens 2, placed at the base of the germen, one on each side. Filament curved, thick,a little ciliated. Anther with a single, terminal, transverse cell. Germen spherical, with glandular hairs. Style short, columnar, thick : Stigma of 2 lobes, one small and resembling a hook, the other a large involute white plate, ciliated at the margin, cor- vering entirely the upper part of the stamen. This beautiful species of Pinguicula was sent from the swampy grounds of Savannah, North America, along with many other rare plants, to our Botanic Garden, by Mr Wilson, an intelhgent gardener of that country. It blossomed in the stove in April, and as it continues some time in flower, it is VOL. I. likely, if it prove easy of increase, to be a valuable addition to our gardens. We cultivate it in peat-earth ; and it seems to prefer the stove to the green-house. At first sight, I believed this to be the P. lutea of Wal- ter, Fl. Cam. but every writer describes that plant, and Mr Gawler has represented it in the Botanical Register, t. 126. v^fith three of the five lobes having four distinct teeth. No such peculiarity is visible in our specimen. To this diffe- rence, I may add, that the leaves are much larger than in P. lutea^ the scape is taller, and the flower paler, never having " the tube and the spur marked with a trace of purplish veins." The foliage is precisely similar to that of P. grandiflora (Flora Londinensis, New Series), and the structure of the sta- mens and the pistil is also the same ; but it differs strikingly in the form of the corolla, here almost entirely regular, and its singularly prominent palate. Most of the genus have blue flowers, those of this species and of P. lutea alone being yelr low. Fig. I. Plant, natural size. Fig. 2. Back view of a flower, with the groove and the aperture leading to the palate. Fig. 2. Front view of a co- rolla, cut open to shew the palate. Fig. 4. Stamens, and pistil ; the large stigma covering, with one of its lobes, the Anthers. Fig. 5. Single stamen. Fig. 6. Pistil. — More or less magnified. 17 BEGONIA HUMILIS. Small flowered Begonia. MONOECIA POLYANDRIA — Nat. Ord. BEGONIACEJE, Bonpl. De Cand. Gen. Char. — Mas. Col. 0. Cor. polypetala. Peiala plerumque 4, inaequa-* lia. — F(EM. Cal. 0. Cor. petalis 4-9, plerumque inaequalibus. Styli 3, bifidi. Caps, triquetra, alata, 3-locularis, polysperma. Begonia humilis ; caulescens erecta, foliis hispidis semicordatis dupli- cato-serratis, capsulae alls rotundatis parum inaequalibus. — Dr. B. humilis, Ait. Hort. Kerv. ed. 1 . v. iii. p. 353. — Dryandr. in Linn. Trans. V. i. p. 166. 1. 15.— Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. p. 318. B. lucida. Haw. Sax. et Rev. Pi. Succ. p. 197. Plant about one foot and a half high, perennial. Stems much branched, jointed, swelling at the joints ; branches erecto-patent, all of them semi- pellucid, succulent, brittle, greenish below, reddish above, marked with longitudinal deeper-coloured lines. Leaves 2-3 inches long, semi-cor- date, acuminate, bright, green, shining, hispid above, glabrous beneath, but covered with minute furfuraceous scales, visible with the microscope ; their margins doubly serrated and ciliated. Petioles short, glabrous. Sti- pules rather large, ovate, pellucid, greenish, very delicate, and membra- naceous, ciliated at the margin, soon falling away. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 2-3 inches long, reddish, branched at the extremity in a dichotomous manner, with ciliated bracteas at their base ; Pedicels shortish, some bearing malej some female flowers ; the former, generally, upon the longest stalks. Male Jlon)er. — Petals 4, unequal, 2 larger, and 2 smaller, orbicular, spread- ing, white : the latter, as Dryander observes, are often wanting; in my specimen they were wholly absent. Stamens 10-15, yellow, with very short filaments, which are all united at their bases. Anther oblongo-ovate. Cells lateral, opposite, opening longitudinally. Female jlotver composed of 5 petals, or rather of 1 very deeply quinquepartite petal ; the segments spreading, linear, oblong, persistent. Germen greenish, large, with un- equal longitudinal wings, veined, with two minute ciliated ^bracteas at the base. Styles 3, very short. Stigma bipartite, the segments a little divaricated, linear, oblong, glandular, capitate at the extremity. Capsule of the same shape as the germen, membranaceous, brown ; the wings remain attached only by their upper and lower extremities : the capsule itself, in the centre of these wings, opening by three longitudinal fissures, exactly at that part where the wings were longitudinally attached, and exhibiting the trialate central receptacle. My capsules had discharged all their seeds. A native of the West Indies, having been discovered there by Mr Alexandeu Anderson, and first introduced into our gardens in 1788, by Messrs Lee and Kennedy. It is culti- vated in the Botanic Garden of Glasgow, and in that of Liver- pool, whence Mr Shepherd sent the specimen represented. The perfect accordance of the present plant, in almost every particular, with the B. humilis of Dryander, leaves not a doubt on my mind of its being the same species. If, however. VOL. I. this my idea be correct, the B. humilis of Botanical Register t. 284. cannot be the same ; for it is there figured with large and dense panicles of numerous flowers, the staminiferous blos- soms having four, almost equal, white petals, the stem wanting the beautiful transparency so striking in our plant, the stipules very large, tipped with a mucro, and the leaves, besides their larger size, and deeper green colour, being represented as wholly destitute of any kind of hairiness. I am aware that the de- scription in the Bot. Reg. speaks of the hispidity and ciliation of the foliage ; but that is professedly copied from Dryander's B. humilis. Gawler's plant is the B. suaveolens of Lod- DiGES and Haworth, according to the latter author. I confess that I can find no difference in the B. lucida of Haworth, in the work quoted above ; and the author says of it, " AfHnis maxime B. humili." B. humilis of Bon pl and is considered by Gawler as a distinct species, and is probably really so, being neither his nor our plant, since it is described as having the stem roughly furred. BoNPEAND, in his beautiful work on the Plants of the Garden at La Malmaison, has no doubt, with great propriety > formed of this single genus the Order Begoniacece. The ques- tion is, what are its natural affinities? Linn^us ranked it with the Polygona and Rumices, and Smith and De Can- DOLLE seem to be satisfied of the propriety of this arrange- ment. Brown observes, that its place is not satisfactorily de- termined ; while Mr Lindle y, in a recent number of the Bot. Register, thinks that he has detected a remarkable affinity be- tween the genera Begonia and Hydrangea, adding, that the idea of its being allied to the Folygonece, probably originated in the taste of the leaves, which bears assuredly a striking re- semblance to that of the foliage of different species of Rumex. Indeed, such is the agreeably acid flavour of the leaves of these plants, that the French colonists in the West Indies eat them under the name of Wild Sorrel. As a genus, it is found in the tropical parts of America, in several districts of the East Indies, in the Isles of France and Bourbon, according to Mr Brown, upon the Island of Joanna, and in Madagascar ; but none of the species have been detected in Africa, although the B. diptera of Dr yander, from Joanna, has erroneously gone under the appellation of B. Capensis. . Fig. 1 . Portion of a plant, natural size. Fig, 2. Male and female flowers. Fig. 3. Cluster of stamens. Fig. 4. Single stamen. Fig. 5. Styles and pistils. Fig. 6. Germen cut open, to show the 3 cells, and the 3-winged receptacle of the seeds. Fig. 7. Capsule burst open, having discharged its seeds. — All magnified. 18 BEGONIA ARGYROSTIGMA. Silver-spotted Begonia. MONOECIA POLYANDRIA ^Nat. Ord. BEGONIACEJEy Bmpl. De Cand. Gen. Char. — Mas. Cal 0. Cor. polypetala. Petala, plerumque 4>, inae- qualia. — Fcem. Cal. 0. Cor. petalis 4-9, plerumque insequalibus. Siyli 3, bifidi. Caps, triquetra, alata, 3-locularis, polysperraa. Begonia argyrostigma ; foliis oblongis semicordatis acuminatis repandis glabris discoloribus, superne argenteo-maculatis. B. argyrostigma, Fisch. Hort. Gorenk. (fide Link et Otto). — Link et Otto, Abbild. Anserl. Gew. v. i. p. 23. 1. 10— Haw. Succ. PL 1821, p. 197- Stem erect, from 8 or 1 0 inches to 2 or 3 feet in height, according to Link, branched ; its thickness about that of the human finger ; reddish, joint- ed, glabrous. Leaves numerous, more or less crowded, alternate, petio- lated, pendent, oblong, unequally cordate, the large lobe being almost half the size of the rest of the leaf, quite glabrous, the margin thickened, repand, scarcely crenated, the upper surface deep green, nerved, and studded with numerous white roundish spots, which in the older leaves have a shining appearance, not unlike silver ; these spots have again one or more green spots or points in their centre ; the under side of the leaf is a fine deep reddish-purple, quite destitute of spots. Petioles about 2 or 3 inches long, terete, with large, ovate, membranous stipules at the base. Flowers lai-ge, monooecious ; male and female generally borne on distinct axil- lary peduncles, and collected into many-flowered panicles, drooping, as it appears, from the weight. Peduncles and pedicels pale reddish, the latter with two ovate, rather small bracteas. Male jUmer composed of two roundish, large, and two obovato-oblong, white, spreading petals. Stamens numerous, united by their base. Filaments short, yellow, some- times forked at the extremity. Anther oblong, yellow, opening behind longitudinally, the opening near the margins. Female ^/rer of six, ra- ther unequal, ovate, concave, pale rose-coloured petals. Germen very large, rose-coloured, triangular, trialate, wings broad, rounded at the up- per angle, membranaceous, nearly equal. Sti/le short, yellow ; stigmas 3, large, variously lobed, yellow, glandular, the lower lobe broad, and curved downwards. VOL. I. Singular and beautiful as this species of Begonia is, in the appearance of the leaves, it is scarcely less striking in its flowers, the male blossoms of which are pure white, the female of a de- licate rose colour. These were produced, probably for the first time in Britain, at the stove of the Botanic Garden at Edin- burgh, where the accompanying figure was taken in June 1822. The species is well represented in the excellent Icones Selectee of Link and Otto. Our plant is far more compact, and of shorter stature, in consequence, perhaps, of its being cultivated in a small pot. From those authors we learn that it is a na- tive of Brazil. It seems easy of cultivation, and may probably, at a future time, be as common as the hardly less beautiful B. Evansiana. The soil best suited to all the individuals of this genus is a mix- ture of loam and peat ; and it is particularly requisite that the bottom of the pot be well drained, as the roots are readily in- jured by stagnant water. The plant in our Botanic Garden was received from that of Edinburgh. Fig. 1. Plant, natural size. Fig. 2. Male flower. Fig. S. Bundle of stamens. Fig. 4. Single stamen. Fig. 5. Forked ditto. Fig. 6. Female flower. Fig. 7. Style and stigma. Fig. 8. Section of the germen.— All but Fig. L more or less magnified. 19 ORONTIUM AQUATICUM. Aquatic Orontium, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA—Nat. Oed. AROID^M. Gen. Char — Spadix cylindricus tectus flosculis. Spatha nulla. Perian- thium sknplex, hexaphyllum, foliolis inflexis. Stylus nullus. Utriculus monospermus. Orontium aquaticum; foliis lanceolato-ovatis.-— PF2Z/d. O. aquaticum. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 463. — Amcen. Acad. v. iii. p. t. 1. f. 3.-- WiLLD. Sp. PL V. ii. p. 199.— Ait. Hort. Kerv. ed. 2. v. ii. p. 306.— Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. v. i. p. 235. — Nutt. Am. PL v. i. p. 227- Whole plant smooth (according to Smith), with floating foliage, and like a Potamogeton in its mode of growth. Leaves upon long cylindrical stalks, varying, as it would appear, remarkably in their form ; in my specimens broadly elliptical and acute, characterised by most authors as lanceolate- ovate, whilst Pursh observed a variety growing in salt-marshes neev New York, with almost linear leaves. They are quite entire at the mar- gin, nearly plane on the surface, dark green, and marked with a num- ber of parallel ribs, which are connected by faint transverse lines. The lamina of the leaf is fixed upon the summit of the petiole in such a man- ner as to leave a depression in front, and the petiole becomes almost im- mediately cylindrical. Scape long, cylindrical, green, thickened, and much yellower above ; termi- nating in the conico-cylindrical greenish- white spadix, about 2 inches in length, totally destitute of spatha. Florets crowded, composed of a single perianth, of 6 yellowish-green leajlets, fleshy, convex, the margins thin, and somewhat scariose, the extremities inflexed, so that the essential organs of the flower are almost concealed by them. The upper florets have generally 5 or 4 leaflets to the peri- anth. Within each leaflet is a single stamen. Its Jtlament short, broad, and flat, a little contracted above, and terminated by the 2-lobed and 2-celled, yellowish anthers, which open vertically. Pollen yellow. Pistil semiglobose, with 5 longitudinal slightly elevated lines. Style none. Stigma conico-obtuse. Within the ovary is one cell, and a single ovule, fixed near one extremity by its under side to the base of the cell, of a transversely oblong form. As I have not had the opportunity of seeing the fruit of this plant myself, I shall transcribe what Mr Nuttall says of it in his genera of North American Plants : " Utriculus naked, green, VOL. I. roundish, 1-seeded, the size of a large pea. Oemmula viviparous, or com- mencing to vegetate as soon as mature, (cotyledons none), primary vagi- nate leaves 2 or 8, linear, and subulate, the 4th leaf usually exhibiting a small lamina. Primary radicle conspicuous, conic. Somorhize * roundish, large, dark green, umbilically depressed at the summit, having a small concealed internal cavity, and a lateral shallow groove, for the reception of the gemmule, which is appressed to it, and curved over the greater part of the somorhize." A native of North America, from Canada to Florida, grow- ing in rivulets, and low and stagnant waters (Pursh), and, as Mr NuTTALL believes, almost exclusively within the limits of tide-water. It bears the winter well with us, and is readily cultivated in ponds, along with other aquatic plants. It was introduced to this country by Dr John Fothergill, in the year 1775, but hitherto no delineation of it has appeared in any British botanical publication. That in the Amoenitates Academicce, if really intended for this plant, conveys a most incorrect idea of it ; for the scape is represented as deeply fur- rowed, furnished with a large bractea ; the leaf has one central rib, and several lateral parallel nerves, resembling the foliage of most Dicotyledonous Plants. Pursh observes, what I did not remark, that the flowers have a very peculiar smell. The drawing, from which the annexed plate was engraved, was taken from specimens communicated from the Botanic Garden of Liverpool in June last, by Mr H. Shepherd. Fig. 1. Scape with its spadix. Fig. 2. Leaf. Fig. 3. Single flower. Fig. 4. Leaflet of the perianth. Fig. 5. Stamen. Fig. 6. Pistil. Fig. 7. The same cut through vertically — All but Fig. 1. and 2. more or less mag- ni/ied. • <• In this case, a large, [round, ingerminative body, laterally connected by a vascular system to the gemmule, and forming the principal part of the seed." 20 CACTUS TRUNCATUS. Truncated Cactus. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA ^Nat. Ord. NOPALEM, Jms. ined. De Cani— CACTI, Juss. Gen. PL Div. PHYLLANTHI. Gen. Char. — Cal. e squamis numerosis imbricatis, superus. Petala nume- rosa, calyci inserta, interiora majora, basi coalita. Stigma multifidum. Bacca umbilicata, polysperma. Semina intra pulpam nidulantia. — FrU' tices pingues, aphylli saepius articulati, spinosi vel fasciculatim pilosi, compress! vel angulati. Flores plerisque magni, speciosi. Cactus fruncatus; caulibus articulatis ramosis, ramis cernuis, articulis compressis oblongis truncatis, limbo floris obliquo. Epiphyllum truncatimi, Haw. Suppl. PI. Succ. p. 85. Flowering plants not exceeding at most 8 or 10 inches in length. The stems rise erect, and soon become branched, the branches drooping. Whole plant composed of compressed, somewhat foliaceous, oblong joints, plane above, with a slight groove or channel, somewhat keeled beneath, the margins having distant serratures, which are often red, especially in the young' joints, and there also furnished with small fascicles of hairs ; the extremity truncated, with 2 rather long teeth at the angles. Flower arising from the truncated extremities of the joints, 3 inches long, of a beautifully deep rose colour, standing out horizontally, formed of many imbricating petals : or the 4 or 5 lowermost of these may be considered a calyx, since they stand a little remote from the others ; the rest are united by their bases into a long whitish tube, the limb of 8 or 9 seg- ments, large, spreading, oblique, ovate. Stamens numerous, much longer than the tube of the corolla, in 2 rows, the outermost arising from the base of the corolla, the inner, from the receptacle, and forming a tube around the style, (see f. 2.) Filaments slender, filiform ; Anthers oblong, 2-celled, yellow, as weU as the pollen. Pistil: — Germen obconical, smaU, inferior, greenish, tipped with rose-colour, smooth. St^le filiform, red, as long as the stamens, a little curved downwards. Stigma clavate, form- ed of 6 connivent segments. This beautiful species, to the brilliant colour of whose blos- soms no pencil can do justice, flowered in our Botanic Garden VOL. I. in October 1821, having been received in the spring of that same year, with many other botanical treasures, from the Royal Garden at Kew, through the liberality of my kind friend W. T. AiTON, Esq. It was by him obtained from the Brazils in 1818, and is described by none but Mr Ha worth, in the Supple- ment to his work on Succulent Plants, at a time when its flowers were not known. In another instance, I have followed, though not without hesitation, the able investigator of Succulent Plants just men- tioned, in taking up the genus Rhipsalis ; but in the present I do not see sufficient grounds for constituting a generic cha- racter. Nothing, indeed, can be more natural than the divi- sional characters of the genus Cactus, taken from the stems ; but it does not appear to me that the structure of the flowers affords marks equally constant. A more intimate acquaintance with the flowers and fruit than we yet possess, may enable us to discover differences, but at present I think it safest to con- fine myself to the old genus. There can hardly be a more desirable plant for the stove than the present individual, as it increases readily by cuttings, and only requires the common treatment of the rest of its con- geners. Fig. I. Front view of a flower, slightly/ magnified. Fig. 2. Portion of the tube, to shew the insertion of the stamens. Fig. 3. Anther. Fig. 4. Stigma. — All more or less magnified. 21 PEPEROMIA BLANDA. Villous Peperomia. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA Nat. Ord. PIPERACEjE, Humb. et Kunth.^ PIPIRETEES, De Canrf— URTICIS AFFINIS, Juss. Gen. Char. — Spadix cylindraceus, floribus undique tectus. Stamina duo. Stigma indivisum. Bacca monosperma. Caulis herbaceus, — Humb. et Kunth. Peperomia blanda; pubescens, caule erecto simplici terete, foliis ternis oblongis trinervis carnosis, superioribus utrinque attenuatis, spadici- bus terminalibus axillaribusque solitariis, Peperomia blanda, Humb. et Kunth, Nov. Gen, v. i. p, 67. Piper blandum, Jacq. Coll. v. iii. p. 210 — Ic. Var. v. ii. p. 218. — Willd. Sp. PI. V. i. p. 164. — Haworth, Syn. PI. Succ. p. 7- — Roem. et Schultz, Syst. Veg. V. i. p. 329. Root creeping and fibrous. Stem about 1 foot in height, erect, simple, cy- lindrical, jointed, pubescent, and red to the very extremity. Leaves distantly placed upon short, semicylindrical footstalks, recurved, oblongo- ovate, thick and fleshy, pubescent, three-nerved, green above, yellowish, with red margins, nerves and dots beneath, the lowermost ones obtuse, the superior ones more or less attenuated at the base and at the extre- mity. The spadix is solitary at the base of each of the leaves which are nearest to the extremity ; the terminal ones are often 4 or 5 together, green, 2-4 inches long, slender, pedunculated, peduncles shortish, red. Floivers ra- ther distantly placed. Scales rotundo-quadrate, pellucid, reticulated, pel- tate. Germen broadly ovate, sessile. Stigma sessile, oblique, somewhat fringed. Anthers 2, one on each side of the germen, borne upon fila- ments, which are so short that they are scarcely protruded beyond the scale, of one cell. The genus Peperomia was long ago divided from Fipei^ by Ruiz and Pa von ; but by most subsequent botanists it has again been united to it, under the idea that such a separation was not founded in nature. To me, however, it appears well distinguished, as being constant, so far as an examination of the individuals cultivated in our stoves enables me to speak, to the characters above given, and agreeing also in the peculiar habit of the species. The individuals belonging to the genus Piper, according to. the information of M. Humboldt, have a shrubby stem, sometiines attaining to 15 and 25 feet in length, and dull green leaves; the Peperomm, on the other hand, possess somewhat herbaceous, fleshy stems, and have leaves of a bright green colour. The latter, though endowed with a very fleshy or succulent parenchyme, are more patient of cold than the former, and grow in several instances at an elevation VOL. I. of 1700 toises upon the Andes, along with the geneisi Alstonia,, Escallonia and Wintera. The greater number, however, are found in the temperate regions of those mountains, at a height of between 300 and 900 toises. There they adhere sometimes to the trunks of trees, along with various species of Epiden- drum and Dendrobium, and sometimes to the perpendicular faces of rocks which overhang the water. The individuals be- longing to the genus Piper are, as this learned traveller adds, separated from the Peperomice by this mark, that wherever the latter were observed upon the Andes, the former were found to be at a greater distance from the limits of perpetual snow, by as much as 200 toises. Of the genus Peperomia alone, M. De Humboldt enu- merates no fewer than 44 species, the most of which are new. United with the genus Piper ^ as it stands in Roemer and ScHULTz's Syst. Veget. its species amount to 225, of which 77 were first discovered by M^I. Humboldt and Bonpland. The present individual is also one found by them on the trunks of trees, in moist and uncultivated places, between Caraccas and Rio Guayare, at an elevation of 460 toises, flowering in January. Jacquin also states the Caraccas as its native place of growth. Introduced into our gardens, according to Mr Ha WORTH, in 1802. It is an elegant plant, beautifully edged and dotted with red beneath. With us it flowers in September and October, and is easily cultivated in pots filled with light soil, and kept in the stove. As the seeds of this genus do not appear to ripen in this country, I have, in order to illustrate still more fully its gene- ric character, copied the dissections of the fruit from the beau- tiful drawings of Richard, which are published in the 1st vo- lume of Humboldt and Kunth's Nov. Gen. et Sp. Plant. The embryo does not appear in that figure, but this part is dis- tinctly expressed in a species of Piper on the same plate, and is of so dubious a character, that, while the greater number of botanists consider it to be dicotyledonous, MM. Richard and KuNTH look upon it as monocotyledonous. It consists of a minute pouch, enclosing a two-lobed body, which M. Kunth denominated the plumule, while Mirbel and others call it the entire embryo. A structure very nearly similar is found in the Nymphceacecey concerning whose classification in the Natural System the same difference of opinion has existed. Fig. 1. Portion of a spadix with flower. Fig. 2. Back view of a single flower. Fig. 3. Pistil. Fig. 4. Stamen. Fig. 5. Berry. Fig. 6. The same with the upper part of the pericarp removed. Fig. 7. The same cut through vertically. — AU more or less magnified. The last three figures copied from Richard. 22 PEPEROMIA QUADRIFOLIA. Four-leaved Peperomia. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA Nat. Ord. PIPERACE^, Gen. Char.— xSparfi^ cylindraceus, floribus undique tectus. Stamina duo. Stigma indivisum. Bacca monosperma. Caulis herbaceus. — Humb. et Kuntk. Peperomia quadrifoUa; glabriuscula, caule erecto simplici terete, foliis quaternis obovato-ellipticis enerviis carnosis subtus convexis, spadici- bus terminalibus axillaribusque solitariis. Peperomia quadrifolia, Humboldt et Kunth, Nov. Gen. v. i. p. 69. Piper quadrifoliura, Swartz, Obs. p. 22 Willd. Sp. PL v. i. p. I68 R(em. et ScHULTZ, V. i. p. 331. Stem about a span or more in height, erect, cylindrical, jointed, pubescent and red below, above green, and very slightly pubescent, almost glabrous. Leaves mostly quaternate, rarely quinate, on short footstalks, spreading, very thick, fleshy, plane above, deep green, very convex beneath, and of a paler yellovi^ish hue ; the lower ones only, and those chiefly on the under- side, slightly pubescent : upper ones quite smooth, of a somewhat thinner texture, and less obtuse. Spadix solitary, about 2 inches long, green, slender. Flmers nearly as in Peperomia blanda. An inhabitant, according to Swartz, of the lofty woody mountains of South America. The celebrated traveller Hum- boldt met with it growing in shady, warm places of the pro- vince of New Andalusia, between Cariaco and Santa Cruz. We have possessed it in the stove of our Botanic Garden for these three years. It has not been hitherto noticed as existing in any of our gardens, nor is it likely to be prized by the generality of col- lectors, as it presents nothing striking to the eye of a common observer. Fig. 1. Portion of the spadix, with flowers. Fig. 2. Single flower, with its scale. — Magnified. VOL. I. F 23 PEPEROMIA POLTSTACHYA. Many-stalked Pepermta, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA Nat. Obd. PIPERACEM. Gen. Char. — Spadix cylindraceus, floribus undique tectus. Stamina duo. Stigma indivisum. Bacca monosperraa. Caulis herbaceus.— Hmwi6. et Kunth. Peperomia polystachya ; pubescens, foliis ter-quaternisque rhombeo-ro- tundatis petiolatis trinerviis reflexis. Piper polystachyon. Ait. Hart. Ketv. ed. 1. v. i. p. 49.; ed. 2. v. i. p. 72.— WiLLD. Sp. PL V. i. p. 168.— Haw. Succ. PL p. 7.— Roem. et Schultz, SysL VegeL v. i. p. 330. Piper obtusifolivim, Jacq. ColL v. i. p. 141. (fide Ait.) — Icon, rar. v. i. t. 9. (fide WiLLD.) Root very much creeping, jointed, and sending up several stems which are from 8 to 10 inches high, rather stout, green, succulent, jointed, gla- brous below, the rest pubescent, cylindrical, branched only upwards, branches ternate. Leaves mostly tern ate, nearly an inch long, rather thick, green, pubescent, rhomboid, approaching to orbicular, obtuse, marked with 3 nerves, deflexed, petiolated, petioles nearly half an inch long on the lower part of the stem, very short, and scarcely existing in the upper part. Spadices of flowers arising singly, or 2-3 together, from the extremities of the branches, green, about 3 inches long, upon short peduncles. Flowers numerous. Scales rotundato-quadrate. Stamens 2, roimdish, yellow. Pistil ovate : Stigma sessile, radiate. A handsome species, inhabitant of Jamaica and Santa Cruz, of a delicate pale green colour, and well distinguished by the peculiar form of the leaves from all the rest of the genus with which I am acquainted. Cultivated in the stove of the Botanic Garden of Glasgow, where it flowers in the autumn. It was was first brought to this country by Dr John Fothergill in 1775. Fig. 1 . Portion of a spike, magnified, to shew the structure of the flowers. VOL. I. ■>4 24 VELLEIA LYRATA. Lyrate-leaved Velleia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA — Nat. Ord. GOODENOVI^, Br. Prodr. Gen. Char. — Cal. inferus, 3-5 phyllus, inaequalis. Cor. tubo basi ovario accreto, apice hinc fisso ; limbo bilabiate. Antherce distinctae : Stylus in- divisus. Glandula epigyna inter filamenta 2 anteriora Capsula basi bi- locularij valvis bipartitis. Semina imbricata, compressa. — Br. Velleia lyrata; glabra, bracteis dichotomiarum distinctis, foliis lyratis basive inciso-dentatis, calycis foliolis ovato-orbiculatis. — Br. V. lyrata, Br. Prodr. p. 580. — Sm. in Rees' Cycl. v. xxxvi. — Bot. Regist. t. 551. V. spathulata, Juss. in Ann. du Mus. v. xviii. p. 17. t. 1. Stem scarcely any. Leaves radical, from 1 to 3 inches and more in length, glabrous, dentate at the margins, especially at the base, according to Brown even lyrate'; sometimes entire. Midrib strong, prominent on the under side, and of a purplish-red colour. From the axils of these leaves appear the scapes or Jlowerstalks, which spread out in a patent manner to the length of 4 or 5 inches ; they are glabrous, rounded, once or twice dichotomous, with generally an intermediate solitary flowerstalk, which, however, is sometimes abortive. At the axils of the dichotomies is usual- ly a small tuft of hairs, and constantly a pair of ovato-lanceolate bracteas, and the same at the pedicels or partial flowerstalks. Flowers large, handsome, bright yellow. Calyx patent, rather large, of 3 ovate slightly toothed leaves, of which the superior one is the larger. Corolla monopetalous, tubular, cleft almost to the base on its upper side, and deeply transversely 2-lipped : upper lip composed of 2, lower one of 3 bifid segments, marked with lines, green in the middle at the back, their margin broad, winged and waved. Mouth closed. Stamens 5, hy- pogynous, erect, distinct. A?itkers oblong, yellow. Pistil shorter than the tube of the corolla. Germen roundish, ovate, with a swelling or gland in front, and adhering by its base to the base of the corolla. Sti/le thickish, slightly curved, and appearing above the cleft of the corolla, cylindrical, pubescent above. Stigma oblique, ciliated, concave, with an elevated margin, which is brownish, and slightly two-lobed below, {indusium of Brown). VOL. I. This pretty little plant flowered in our green-house during the month of July 1821, being raised in a mixture of peat and loam from seeds sent during the preceding year from New Hol- land. Its dark, smooth and shining leaves, with the long, slen- der spreading scapes, each of which is terminated by two or four large and bright yellow flowers, which expand at the same time, render this plant a desirable subject for cultivation. Mr Brown, who found the species in New Holland, states that it is an inhabitant of the vicinity of Port Jackson ; and Smith, with whom the genus originated, tells us, under the article Velleia in Rees's Cyclopaedia, that the present individual is the only one of the genus which has made its appearance in the European gardens. No figure of the whole plant, as far as I am able to discover, exists in any work, except that of the Botani- cal Register, which was recently published from a specimen far more luxuriant than the one now delineated. The flower of this plant, under the name of V. spathulata, is represented in the 18th volume of the Annales du Museum d'Histoire Na- turelle, 1. 1. f. 3. and is connected with an interesting memoir written by M. De Jussieu, in which he endeavours to establish that Lobelia belongs to the same natural order as Velleia, and that the former should be the type of the order, affording the name to it. The Goodenia tehella (Bot. Reg. 1137.) is not the G. te- nella of Brown, but the Euthyales trinervis of the latter author, {Velleia trinervis of Labillardiere and Smith). In habit it is most closely allied to our plant, but differs gene- rically in the calyx, which is tubular and 5-cleft. Fig. 1. Front view of a flower. Fig. 2. Back view of ditto. Fig. 3. Side view of a calyx. Fig. 4. Flower-bud removed from the calyx. Fig. 5. Expanded flower, removed from the calyx. Fig. 6. Pistils and sta- mens ; with the base of the corolla attached to the lower part of the germen. Fig. 7. Advanced germen. Fig. 8. Transverse section of the same.— more or less magnified. 25 DOODIA CAUDATA. Caudate Doodia. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES — Nat. Ord. FILICES, Div. Gyratjb, Br. Gen. Char. — Sort lunulati vel lineares, seriati, costas paralleli. Involucrum e ramulo anastomosante venae ortum, planum, intus liberum. Frondes caespitosae, pinnatae, pinnis dentatis quandoque coadunatis. Sort interdum biseriati. — Br. Doodia caudata ; frondibus pinnatis, pinnis (plurimis) distinctis lineari- oblongis obtusis serrulatis, terminali elongata lineari. — Br. Doodia caudata, Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 151. Woodwardia caudata, Cav. Demonstr. n. 653.— Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 11 6. — WiLLD. Sp. PI. V. V. p. 417. JVomfo numerous, tufted, 6 or 7 inches in length, erect, flexuose, linear-lanceo- late in their outline, terminating below in a slender dark coloured stipes, from two to four inches in length. Rackis similar to the stipes, but slightly pubescent. These fronds are composed of numerous, rather distantly placed pinnae, in the barren frond oblongo-ovate, somewhat oblique, in the fertUe ones linear-oblong, all of them spinuloso-serrate at the mar- gins. The terminal pinna is remarkably lengthened out, most so in the fertile fronds, in them 2 or 3 inches long, and equally serrated with the other pinnae. Their colour is a dirty green, and they are marked with a central rib, and lateral nerves, which are intersected by transverse ones. Upon these transverse nerves appear the Sari, or clusters offructijicatim, ob- long, parallel with the midrib. The involucre is plane, opening interiorly, and containing numerous capsules, which, as well as the seeds, are pre- cisely similar to those figured and described in Doodia aspera, t. 8. of this work. A native of Port Jackson and Van Diemen's Land, ac- cording to Mr Brown ; but I am not av^rare that it is yet known in a state of cultivation in this country. The representation VOL I D here annexed was taken from a specimen preserved in the her- barium of my friend G. A. W. Arnott, Esq. Edinburgh. Fig. 1. Plant, natural size. Fig. 2. Pinna. Fig. 3. Capsule, magnijied. 26 CALADIUM BicoLOR. Two-coloured Caladium. MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.— Nat. Ord. AROIDEJE. Gen. Char.— Mas. Cal. 0. Car. 0. Antherce peltatae, multiloculares, in spi- cam ad apicem spadicis compositae. F(em. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Germina ad basin spadicis inserta. Stylus 0. Bacca uni- (bi-) locularisj poly- sperma.— fFi'M Caladium bicolor; acaule, foliis peltatis cordato-sagittatis disco coloratis, spadice spatha cucullata medio contracta breviore. — Will Caladium bicolor. Vent. PL Rar. Hort. Cels. t. SO.-— Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. p. 488.— Ait. Hort. Ketv. ed. 2. v. iv. p. 311. Arum bicolor. Ait. Hort. Ketv. ed. 1. v. iii. p. 3l6.~-Bot. Mag. t. 820. Root most probably tuberous, as in the other individuals of this natural fa- mily. Leaves springing from the root, few in number, cordato- sagittate, acute or slightly acuminate, waved, but entire at the margin, distinctly nerved, the margin yellowish-green, the broad disk a beautiful rose-co- lour; petioles from 4 to 6 inches long, cylindrical, sheathing at the base. Spadix rising upon a peduncle, which is somewhat shorter than the leaf- stalk, and surrounded by a large convolute slightly acuminated spatha, of a yellowish-white colour, marked with longitudinal lines, contracted near the middle, swoln, and green at the base, exceeding sometimes the spadix in length, which last is 3 or 4 inches long, club-shaped. Anthers occupying the upper half, yellowish- white, sessile, peltate, fleshy, nearly tetragonal, crowded. If one of these be removed, and carefully exa- mined with a lens, it will be found dotted at the top, and indeed through the whole substance, slightly depressed in the centre, the sides occupied with several longitudinal cells, which open by a small pore beneath the margin, whence a pale yellowish minute granular pollen may be seen oozing out. A little below the centre of the spadix are some oblong, angu- lar fleshy bodies, of the same colour and texture as the anther, but des- titute of cells, whilst beneath, or with a short naked space intervening be- tween them, and at the base of the spadix, are the numerous sessile, crowd- ed germens, their sides irregular from mutual pressure, yellowish- white, their top a little convex, or having, in the centre, a slightly elevated, yellow ring, which is the stigma. The cells of the germen are 2 ; the number of the ovules in each cell I have generally found to be 3. VOL. I. A well known plant, and native, according to Willde- Now, of the Brazils. It has long been cultivated in the Island of Madeira, and thence was introduced, in the year 1773, to the stoves of our country, where it is become an universal fa- vourite, on account of the beauty and singularity of its leaves. The genus Caladium was established by Ventenat, in his beautiful work on the rare plants of the garden of M. Cels, and is now generally adopted ; the character of the spadix, which is covered with stamens to its extremity, by no means according with that of the genus Arum, in which all the spe- cies of Caladium had been placed. The number of individuals belonging to Caladium is considerable : they are all inhabitants of the tropics, and, although the present is of humble growth, yet some of its congeners are remarkable for their large stature. One of these, already figured in this work, is furnished with a stem 5 or 6 feet in height ; whilst the C. arbor eum of Hum- boldt and KuNTH acquires a trunk of SO feet. C. odorum, a new species, recently published in the Botanical Register, has leaves, of which the blade or lamina is from 2 to 4 feet long, and from 2 or 3 feet broad. It flowers in the autumn and winter months. Fig. 1. Spadix, natural size. Fig. 2. Anther, removed from the spadix. Fig. 3. Single anther. Fig. 4. Portion of an anther, seen from the side, to shew the cells. Fig. 5. Transverse section of an anther. Fig. 6. Abortive anther. Fig. ?• Cluster of pistils. Fig. 8. Pistil cut open vertically, to shew the cells and the ovules. — All, but Fig. 1., more or less magnified. 27 CAPRIFOLIUM PUBESCENS. Downy American Woodbine. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA ^Nat. Ord. CAPRIFOLIACEM. Gen. Char. — Cal. superus, 5-4 dentatus, et subinteger. Cor. tubus elon- gatus, limbo quinquefido, subregulari vel bilabiate. Stamina longitu- dine corollae. Stigma globosum. Bacca distincta, trilocularis, poly- sperma. — Itoem. et Schultz. Caprifolium pubescens; verticillis terminalibus subcapitatis gland uloso- pubescentibus, foliis late ovato-ellipticis breviter petiolatis pubescen- tibus ciliatisque subtus glaucis, summis connato-perfoliatis. C. pubescens, Goldie, in Edin. Phil Jmrn. Apr. 1822, v. vi. p. 323. Stem climbing, from 6 to 8 feet high, hairy below, nearly glabrous above. Leaves large, 4 inches or more in length, in opposite distant pairs, broad- ly ovato-elliptical, entire at the margin, distinctly nerved, with the nerves prominent beneath, bright green, and slightly pubescent above, the mar- gins finely ciliated, beneath glaucous, and very pubescent. The lower leaves are situated upon short footstalks, the upper ones sessile or perfo- liate ; the uppermost, or the pair immediately beneath the flowers, are connato-perfoliate, quite glabrous above, and nearly so beneath. Peduncles generally in threes, terminal, with heads or whorls of beautiful deep yellow, almost orange coloured ^wer*, which are rather crowded. Gennens sessile, crowded, spherical, crowned with 5 small calycine teeth, coat- ed with a yellow glandular pubescence, and having at their base a small ovate bractea. Corolla full an inch in length. Tube long, slender, gib- bous on one side near the base, and, like the germen, strikingly glandu- loso-pubescent. Limb two-lipped, lower lip deflexed, linear oblong, en- tire ; upper one broad, reflexed, with 4 obtuse lobes at the extremity. Stamens 5 : Filaments much exserted beyond the tube, slender, hairy on one side : Anthers oblong, yellow. Sti/le almost equal in length with the stamens. Stigma globose. I had carefully examined original dried specimens of this plant with Mr Goldie, previously to its publication in the description which that zealous and meritorious naturalist has VOL. I. given, in the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, of some of the new and rare plants which he found in his travels through Canada in the year 1819 ; and now that I have had the op- portunity of seeing living individuals cultivated in the garden of Mr Smith, nurseryman at Ayr, I feel more than ever sa- tisfied, that the present species is distinct from every Caprifo- lium of which a figure or description has hitherto been publish- ed. Its nearest affinity appears to be with the Loniceraflava of Botanical Magazine, 1. 1318. {Caprifolium Fraseri, Pursh), but it were hardly possible that so striking a circumstance as the glandular pubescence of the germen and corolla, and that of the ciliation and pubescence of the leaves, should have been overlooked by these authors, had such marks existed in their plant ; added to which, the cartilaginous margins which form one of the essential characters in C. Fraseri, are wholly want- ing here. That species also appears to have been found only upon the Paris Mountains, South Carolina, and the Kaatskill Mountains, near New York. The Lonicera dioica of Bota- nical Register, 1. 138. (Caprifolium parviflorum, Pursh), has its upper leaves of a similar form, and the flowers sometimes yellow ; but here, again, appears no pubescence or glands, the flowers are smaller, and of a different figure, and all the leaves are connato-perfoliate. Mr GoLDiE discovered this woodbine in woods near King- ston, and near Lake Simcoe, in Upper Canada, flowering in July. Living plants of it, which he brought to the nursery- ground of Mr Smith at Monkswood Grove, Ayr, flourish well ; and as they flower in June and July, as readily and in equal profusion with our British honeysuckles, there can be no doubt that this beautiful and desirable species will soon become com- mon in our gardens, particularly as the blossoms, in addition to their fine golden hue, have an agreeable scent to recom- mend them. Fig. 1. Lower petiolated leaf. Fig. 2. Flower, with its bractea. Fig. 3. sta- men. Fig. 4. Germen and calyx.— btit Fig. I. more or less magnified. 28 ANEMIA HUMiLis. Dwarf Anemia. CRYPTOGAMIA SCHISMATOPTERIDES, Willd — Nat. Ord. FILICES, Div. OsMUNDACE^ii:, Brown. Gen. Char. — Capsulw subturbinatae sessiles, vertice radiatim striata?, altero latere hiantes, in spicis dispositse. Involucrum nviWxim.— •Willd. Anemia humilis; fronde pinnata, pinnis obovato-cuneatis apice tmnca- tis crenatis subtus villosis, stipite hirto. A. humilis, Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 156. — ^Willd. Sp. PI. v. 5. p. 90 — Schkuhr, t. 14-1. (from Cavanilles). Anemia repens, Raddi, Si/n. Fil. Brazil, p. 4. Osraunda hmnilis, Cav. Ic. v, vi. p. 69. t. 592. f. 3. (according to Willdenow). Caudex creeping, covered with numerous, chaffy, brown scales, and sending forth many flexuose, blackish, slightly branched fibrous radicles. Stipes and rachis hairy. Sterile fronds, several from the same caudex, scarcely more than 2 inches long, pinnated, with about 7 or 9 obovato-cuneate, opposite leaflets, which are terminated by an odd one : these are strongly veined, crenate at the extremity, hairy beneath, scarcely so above. The fertile frond is supported upon a rather long stalk ; and from the summit of this stalk, at the base of the frond, arise the 2 oblong, compound spikes of fructification, standing upon rather long, glabrous peduncles. Capsules ci'owdedjbut somewhat secund ; each is obovato-spherical, reticulated, sur- mounted at the top with a concentrically striated swelling, and opening outwardly by a vertical fissure. Seeds numerous, spherical, beset with numerous elevated points. I am indebted for my specimens of this pretty little fern to Professor Raddi of Florence, who gathered it in clefts of old walls, and especially near the aqueduct which conveys the wa- ter from the mountains of Corcovado to the city of Rio Janeiro in the Brazils. That gentleman has described it under the name of A. repens, quoting doubtfully the A. tenella of Ca- vanilles ; but I think there cannot be a question of its iden- tity with the Osfnunda humilis of Cavanilles, whose figure VOL. I. is copied into Schkuhr's excellent work on Filices. With re- gard to its being the tenella, Raddi has given his reasons for thinking it may be so, in these words : " The common length of the plant is from 2-3 inches, but when it is found in cold, dark, and somewhat moist situations, it attains a height of 9 inches : this, however, rarely happens ; and then the pinnules are deeply laciniated, the root is thicker, and always hairy ;" which characters bring the present plant near to the tenella. The whole genus is a very beautiful one, and was first dis- tinguivshed by Swartz from that of Osmunda, with which it agrees in many points. Here, however, there is a concentri- cally striated swelling upon the top of the capsule, very much indeed approaching to the nature of an annulus, and not a transversely striated tubercle, as in Osmunda. The genus Botrychium has nothing of the kind, although in habit these two genera are similar. In all the species of Anemia that have their spikes of fructification arising from the frond, these spikes are geminate. Fig. 1, Plants, nakiral size. Fig. 2. Part of a fertile frond. Fig. 3. Branch of the compound spike. Fig. 4. Capsule. Fig. 5. Seeds, — mcyre or less magnified. 29 HYDROCOTYLE nitidula. Shining Pennywort, PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA Nat. Ono. UMBELLIFERM. Trib. II. HYDROCOTYLIN.E. UmbellcB imperfecta. Involucra obsolela mil nulla. Folia cum petiolo conjluentia subsimplida. Gen. Char. — UmbellcB imperfectae. Fructus raphe dorsoque angustis, hoc tricostato, lateribus compressis, subrotundi, cortice plerumque articulato- venoso. Folia subrotunda. — Spreng. Hydrocotyle nitidula; foliis orbiculato-reniformibus 5-7 lobatis lobis trifidis, floribus capitatis subsessilibus, capitulo pedunculate, pedun- culis petiolo brevioribus, H. nitidula, Rich. Motiogr. du Gen. Hydroc. p. 60. t. 63. f. 33. Stems a few inches in length, subsimple, slender, and, as well as the whole plant, perfectly smooth, and somewhat shining, creeping, throwing out roots at the joints. Leaves solitary, or rarely two from the same point of the stem, scarcely more than half an inch in diameter, orbicular, but cut down to the insertion of the footstalk at the base, so as to be somewhat reniform, 5 or 7 cleft, nerved, segments subcuneate, trifid at the extre- mity, petiolated, the petiole about an inch and a half or nearly two inches long, terete, with 2 ovate stipules at the base. Heads ofjlowers upon axillary peduncles, which are not above half the length of the petioles of the leaves, very slender, composed of about 10 crowded flowers, each having an ovate scale or leaflet of the involucre at its base, Germen ovate. Petals greenish- white. Specimens of this delicate little species of Hydrocotyle^ agreeing in all respects with the H. nitidula of Richard, were sent to me from the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, having heen there raised from seeds received from Russia under the name of H. Sibthorpioides, but from what country originally derived did not appear. Richard gives the H. nitidula as a native of Java, and speaks of it as being closely allied to the VOL. I. Australasian H. pulchella of Brown's MS., differing from it in the number of the lobes of the leaf, these being decidedly tridentate, and in the common peduncle being shorter than the petiole. From the true H. Sihthorpioides it is perfectly dis- tinct, as it appears to be also from all the described species of the genus. Fig. 1. Plant, nat. size. Fig. 2. Head of flowers, magnified. so HYDROCOTYLE nepalrnsfs. Nepal PeniiTjwort. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA — Nat, Ord. UMBELLIFER^. TniB. II. HydrocotyliN/E. Umbellcv imperfectce. Involucra ohsolela aid nulla. Folia cum petiolo conjluenlia suhshnplicia. Gen. Char. — Umbellae imperfecta?. Fructus raphe dorsoque angustis, hoc tricostatOj lateribus compressis, subrotundij coi-tice plerumque reticulato- venoso. Fdia subrotunda. — Spreiig. Hydrocotyle nepalensis; foliis orbiculato-reniformibus 7-lobatis ci-enatis, floribus (monoicis numerosis subsessilibus dense capitatis, capitulis breviter pedunculatis. The stems of this plant, which are rather stout in proportion to the size ol' the individual, are nearly a foot in length, creeping, somewhat branch- ed, and \ covered with short, rusty-coloured hairs. Leaves fasciculated, 3 or 4 together, very much resembling those of Alchemilla vulgaris, and the largest of them 2 inches across, orbiculato-reniform, 7 or rarely 9-lobed, with as many nerves which throw out lateral branches, the mar- gins crenate, hispid, especially upon the nerves, petiolated ; petiole about 3 inches long, terete, beset with reddish hairs, and having at the base 3 or 4 acute stipules. Heads ofjlowers of two kinds, some almost entirely sessile, and appearing to be constantly abortive, with yellow flowers, destitute of perfect germens, and having even the anthers often abortive ; and fertile flowers, which are elevated upon peduncles about ^ or f of an inch long, hispid with short reddish hairs. These I have only seen in an advanced state, when the corolla and anthers, if there were any, had fallen away, and the fruit was nearly perfected. In both, the flowers are numerous, 30 or 40, collected into an exactly sphe- rical, extremely compact head. The abortive flowers are almost all ses- sile, the fertile ones upon short pedicels. Fruit rotund ato- cordate, com- pressed, didymous, with a faint depressed line on each lobe. Seeds pen- dulous, brown, slightly punctated. Were not the name pre-occupied, I should gladly have ap- plied to the present species the appellation of Hydrocotyle aL H VOL. I. ckemilbides. The :yidividual to which it approaches the near- est, is, doubtless, the H. capitata of Petit Thouars, an in- habitant of Tristan d*Acunha ; nor do I find any difference, except in the great hispidity of the stem and petioles of this latter ; upon the petioles, especially, the hairs standing out ho- rizontally to twice or thrice as great a length as the petiole is broad, whereas in my species, there are only short reddish hairs, giving the plant a rigidly downy appearance. Thouars even describes his H, capitata as having, like the H. Nepalensis, " fleurs monoiques par avortement." Captain Carmichael, in his excellent paper on the Na- tural History of Tristan d'Acunha, published in the 12th>o- lume of the Linnsean Transactions, has likewise given a good description of the H. capitata, and mentions a circumstance which equally exists in this plant, namely, the strong carrot- like taste of the leaf. Fig. 1. Portion of the plants, natural size. Fig. 2. Head'of abortive flowers Fig. 3. Single flower. Fig. 4. Head of seed-vessels. Fig. 5. Single seed-vessel. Fig. 6. The same cut open, to shew the seeds. Fig. 7. Single seed.— -^4/^ but Fig. 1. more or less magnified. 31 OSBECKIA NEPALENSIS. Nepal Osbeckia, OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA Nat. Oud. MELASTOMACEM, Br — MELASTOMjE, Juss. Gen. Char. — Cal. 4-ficliis; lobis squama ciliari interstinctis. Cor. 4-5 pe- tala. Atilhcrw rostrata?. Crtjw. 4—5 locularis, calycis tubo truncato cincta. Eecept. compressum, semiovatum. (Stam. 8-10). — Pcrs. Osbeckia nepalensis; foliis lanceolatis sessilibus, calycis tubo ciliato- squamoso. Stem 1^ foot high, erect, branched, quadrangular, rough, with short ap- pressed hairs. Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate, coriaceous, rigid, de- flexed, with deep longitudinal nerves, the margin entire, the surface like that of the stem, rough, with appressed hairs, and often marked with brown spots. Flowers large, handsome, in terminal and lateral axillary panicles or corymbs. Peduncles one or two inches long, square, as well as the short pedicels, which latter are furnished with ovate bracteas. Cah/x composed of 5 caducous segments, tube ovate, green, covered with subquadrate ap- pressed scales, ciliated at the margin, and remarkably so at the extremity. Four or five of these scales terminate the tube, are spreading and deci- duous : the segments of the calyx are ovate, patent, yellow-green, smooth, ciliated at the margin. Corolla of 5 beautiful purplish rose-coloured, pa- tent, obovato-rounded petals, inserted at the mouth of the tube of the calyx, slightly waved, ciliated at the extremity, having a small erect tooth or scale at tlie centre of the base of each petal, and another alternating with the petals, (10 in all). Stamens 10, inserted likewise at the mouth of the tube. Filamejits slightly curved, yellowish, rather long. Anther long, yellow, curved, articulated with the filament, slightly corrugated transversely. Cells two, but united above into one lengthened tube, ha- ving a pore at the extremity whence the pollen is discharged. Pistil: Germcn ovate, immersed in the calyx, and attached to it by 1 0 longitu- dinal lines (Fig. 7-)j 5-celled, 5-lobed, and hairy at the top. Style as long as the filaments, red, caducous. Stigma ovate, pubescent, green. Capsule opening by 5 longitudinal pores, and remaining inclosed within the tube of the calyx. Only two species of Osheckia (O. chinensis and O. zeyla- nica) appear to have been known, until Sir James Smith de- VOL. I. scribed five additional species in Rees's Cyclopaedia, which had been gathered by the celebrated Dr A. Afzelius at Sierra Leone. With the characters of none of these will our plant accord, which has been raised from seed, sent from Nepal by Dr W ALLiCH, both at the Botanic Gardens of Glasgow and of Edinburgh. It first flowered in the magnificent new esta- blishment of the latter city in June 1822, and it was there that the accompanying figure was made. I possess dried specimens of this handsome plant, from Katmandu in K^epal, which I received both from Dr Wal- LiCH and from Sir James Smith. The latter gentleman has sent me likewise another species of the genus, from the same country, differing from the present in its shorter leaves, and a calyx entirely concealed by thick bristle-shaped processes. This is the O. crinifa of Smith's MS. and should, when published, bear that name. The stamens vary from 8 to 10 in this genus, which many botanists scarcely consider sufficiently distinct from Rhexia, but which Smith considers may be sufficiently marked by the " permanent simple teeth of the calyx, destitute of interme- diate scales." Many plants have, however, according to Mr Brown, been arranged among the Rheocioe which do not be- long to them ; and this author even goes so far as to say, that probably no genuine species of Melastoma, and certainly none of Rhexia, has yet been published in M. Bonpland's splendid and valuable monographs of these two genera. The original species of the Linna3an genera Melastoma and Rhexia, the same author, however, believes will be found to possess generic characters sufficiently distinguishing them from the greater part of the plants that have been since added to them by va- rious authors- As an Order, Mr BiiowN assures us that Metastomacew is only to be distinguished from Myrtacem by the absence of the pellucid glands of the leaves and other parts, which exist in all the genera really belonging to that extensive family. Fig. 1. Flowev from which the petals have been removed. Fig. 2. Stamen. Fig. 3. Portion of the style and stigma. Fig. 4. Base of a petal. Fig. 5. Germen cut through vertically. Fig. 6. Scale of the calyx. Fig. 7- Ger- man cut through transversely. Fig. 8. Capsule bursting. — All more or less magv 'ificd. 32 STYLIDIUM LARiciroLiuM. Larch-leaved Stylidium. GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA Nat. Ord. STYLIDEM, Br. Gen. Char. — Calyx bilabiatus. Corolla irregularis, 5-fida, lacinia quinta (labello) dissimili minore, deflexa (raro porrecta) reliquis patentibus (raro geminatim cohaerentibus). Columna reclinata, duplici flexura; Anthcris bilobis, lobis divaricatissimis ; stigmate obtuso indiviso. Capsula bilocu- , laris, dissepimento superne quandoque incompleto. — Br. in Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. Div. I. Capsula venlricosa, subovata, nunc sphoerica vel oblonga. Subdiv. E. Caulis suffruticosus, foUis sparsis, crebris. Stylidium laricifoltum; foliis setaceo-linearibus sessilibus pilosiusculis (vel glabris) fauce nnda, labello appendiculato. — (Br. suh S.tenuif olio). S. laricifolium, Richard, in Pers. Syn. PL v. ii. p. 210. — ^Juss. in Ann. du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. v. xviii. p. 19. t. 3. — Bat. Register, t. 550. S. tenuifolium. Brown, Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 570.— Bot. Mag. t. 2249- — Smith, in Rees's Cycl. Stem 8-10 inches to a foot high, erect, simple, or throwing out one or more small branches from the extremities, nakeid below, above clothed with numerous linear-setaceous dark-green leaves, which are patent or reflex- ed, glabrous in my plants, slightly hairy according to Mr Brown. From the extremity of the stem springs a much-branched graceful panicle, about equal in length to the stem, everywhere covered with minute pe- dunculated glands, and, at the base of each ramification, furnished with a small lanceolate bractea. Flotvers upon rather short glandular pedicels. Germen inferior, oblongo- ovate, glandular, tapering below, surmounted by an imperfectly 2-lipped Calyx, of 5 erect, lanceolate, obtuse, glandular segments. Corolla irregu- lar, 5-cleft, 4 of the segments obovate, spreading, 2 larger than the other two, of a fine rose colour, yellowish- white at the base, with an imperfect sanguineous ring or border, the back of which has many pedicellated glands ; the 5th segment or labellim resembling a small heart-shaped de- flexed gland, with a thickened, deep red, minutely tuberculated margin ; the disk convex, greenish, smooth, above, at the sides having two spread- ing red horn-like processes. The tube, to the back of which this is fix- ed, is rather short, white, slit on one side. Column of fructification about as long as the corolla is broad, reddish-brown, filiform, compressed, with two curvatures, highly elastic, terminated by the 2 large, transverse, deep purple, 2-lobed anthers, beset at the back with many pellucid jointed white hairs. The lobes open longitudinally, and after a portion of the pollen is discharged, they spread, or even be- come reflexed in a remarkable manner, exposing, what was before con- cealed by the approximation of their lobes, namely, the hemispherical glandular stigma (Fig. 9.) Pollen spherical, yellowish-green. So admirably have the characters of this genus been illustrated, both by Mr Brown in his incomparable Prodromus of the Flora of Neio Holland., and in the equally excellent Illustrations of M. Bauer, that I should hardly have thought it necessary to publish the accompanying ligurcs, were it not that the extreme scarceness of the two works in que- VOL. I. stion puts it out of the power of naturalists in general to have recourse to them. The necessity for their publication may be considered as still less, now that engravings of this species have appeared in the Botanical Magazine and Botanical Register. These were given to the world since my drawings had been executed ; but these last seem to me to con- tain more important analyses of the parts of fructification than either of the excellent works now mentioned. The irritability of the column of fructification, which is perhaps more evident in this individual of the genus than in any other, is a well known circumstance. It is bent, as Mr Brown describes it, " duplid flexura or, in the words of Sir James Smith, it is " curved, and recurved and if this column be touched ever so slightly, or if any part of it be pressed with the finger, it immediately starts over to the other side of the flower, and is supposed, by this process, to scatter the pollen from the anthers to the stigma. The genus StyUdium was first established by Swaiitz; but Sir James Smith had the honour of proposing the name, and at the same time communicating specimens to the Swedish Professor and to Labil- LAKDiERE. It is uow Universally adopted, although the latter author, in a memoir in the Annates du Museum (THistoire Naturelle, called the genus Decandollea ; and Smith himself, in Exotic Botany, published two species, with excellent figures, under the name of Ventenatia. As an order, StylidecB is placed by Mr Brown near Campanulaceoe, on the one hand, and Goodenovios on the other, differing from the for- mer in its " reduced number of stamens, and the remarkable and inti- mate adhesion of their filaments with the style, through the whole length of both organs and from the latter, (as also from Campanulacea), " in the imbricate aestivation of the corolla, and, where its segments are un- equal, in the nature of the irregularity."" It is curious that Richard, and following him Jussieu, should have considered the labellum of Brown as the stigma ; and as such have figured and described it in the 18th volume of the Annates du Mu- seum, both in StyUdium laricifolium and S. Armeria of Labillar- DiERE. This idea is satisfactorily controverted by our learned country- man, in his General Remarks in the Appendix to Captain Flinders' Voyage, which is transcribed by Mr Gawler in the Botanical Register. Among a no less number than 45 species of StyUdium described in the Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. only two approach to the nature of shrubs, one of which is our S. laricifolium (S. tenuifolium. Brown). It is, like nearly all the others, an inhabitant of the neighbourhood of Port Jackson, and is readily cultivated in a mixture of loam and peat-earth, increasing by cuttings, and proving a great ornament to the greenhouse, as it flowers in the early part of spring. Drawn from the collection in the Botanic Garden of Glasgow. Fig. 1. Portion of a plant, natural size. Fig. 2. Front view of a flower. Fig. 3. Side view of ditto. Fig. 4. Back view of the same. Fig. 5. Ger- men, and column of fructification. Fig. 6. Labellum. Fig. 7. Summit of the column, with the anthers bursting. Fig. 8. Hairs from beneath the anthers. Fig. 9. Summit of the column, with the anthers spread, having discharged tlieir pollen; the stigma protruded. Fig, 10. Pollen. — All more or less magnified. 33 HEMIONITIS PALMATA. Pabnated Hemionitis. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES — Nat. Ord, FILICES, Juss. Div. I. Gyrat.-e, Br. Gen. CriAR. — Capsuloc venis reticulatis frondis insertac. Involncrum nullum. Hemionitis palmata; hirsuta, fronde pentagona profunde qiiinqiiefida, segmentis lanceolatis crenato-lobatis, stipite elongate. Hemionitis palmata. Linn. Sp. PL p. 1535. — Swartz, %w. Fil. p. 20. — Lam. Illust. t. 868. f. 2.— WiLLD. Sp. PL V. 5. p. 129— Ait. HorL Kern. ed. 2. V. 5. p. 502. Root of many long, branching, scarcely hairy, fibres, (Sw.) Stipes many from the same root, 4-6 inches long, erect, about as thick as a crow's quill, purplish-brown, covered with feiTuginous patent hairs. Frond 3-4 inches in length, somewhat cordate in its circumscription, deeply divided into 5 segments which spread out so as to form a pentagon ; of these the 3 superior lobes are the longest, all are rather broadly lanceolate, hairy, dark green above, paler beneath, the centre furnished with a strong purplish rib, prominent on the underside, the margins crenato-lobate, the lobes obtuse, fringed. Fructification confined to the numerous branching anastomosing lateral veins, forming raised lines, and destitute of involucrum. Capsules numerous, at length confluent, and covering almost the whole back of the frond, sphe- rical, pedicellated, reticulated, with an incomplete annulus. Seeds or sporules minute. The Hemionitis palmata was introduced to our gardens from the West Indies in the year 1793, by Rear- Admiral Bligh, and it deserves a place in every collection of stove- plants, being no less remarkable in the shape of its frond, than in the lines of fructification, which cover the underside of it like a network of a rich brown colour. It is readily kept in a pot of common earth, with a mixture of peat, and with the roots placed between two broken pieces of flower-pot, with the con- VOL. I. cave sides inwartls. All the Ferns love water, and the tropi- cal species flourish best under the sliade of the larger stove plants. The present one sheds its seeds freely, from which arise numerous new individuals ; thence it is easily propagated. Fig. 1. Plant, natural size. Fig. 2. Portion of the frond, with the lines of fructification. Fig. 3. Capsule ; and. Fig. 4. The same burst, and in the act of dischai-ging the seeds. Fig. 5. Seeds, magnified. 34 CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE. Large-flowered Ladys-slipper. GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEM. Gen. Char. — Lahcllum ventricosum, inflatum (nunc saccatum). Cdumna postice terminata lobo petaloideo (stamine sterili) antheras distinguente. Pctala duo antica, saepe connata. — Br. in Hort. Kew. Cypripedium insigne ; acaule, foliis cartilagineis ligulatis scapo piloso dimidio brevioribus, perianthii lacinia superiore fornicata emargina- ta, lateribus obovatis subundulatis obtusis extus pubescentibus, mfe- riore labello venoso basi inflexo paulo longiore. — Lindl. C. insigne, Wallich, Lindley, Coll. Bot. t. 32. Stem none. Leaves few, distichous, sheathing and equitant at the base, the rest linear, carinated, quite glabrous, of an uniform yellow-green hue, paler at the base. Scape cylindrical, pubescent, purplish, curved at the extremity. Bractea or spatha ovate, keeled and compressed, marked with lines, glabrous, green, purple at the base. Fhrver very large, showy, solitary, drooping, nearly 3 inches in length. The 2 outer segments of the perianth or corolla pale green ; the upper one broadly ovate, concave, waved at the margin, white at the extremity, and emarginate, marked with longitudinal lines, and spotted Avith purple, having at the base a few purplish hairs, horizontal in its direction, after- wards erect, lower one pendent, smaller than the upper one, composed of 2 segments, united at their margins, ovate, incurved at the margin near the extremity, indistinctly lined and marked with a few small purplish spots near the base. The two inner and lateral segments are li- near, oblong, broadest at the extremity, 3 inches long, pale green, tinged with and marked with lines of brown, scantily dotted near the base, where there are a few purple hairs, externally pubescent. Lip large, roundish, ovate, pendent, glabrous, much resembling that of C. vemstum in figure ; above having the sides singularly inflated, yellow, shining, smooth, the mouth open, the upper margin raised into 2 obtuse projec- tions, the rim thickened. The colour of the lip is greenish, the front tinged with brownish-purple, the whole very obscurely lined and veined. Column of fructification short, terminated by a large, obversely cordate, yeU low, slightly convex lobe, glandular below, beset with minute red hairs above, and having one elevated bright orange tubercle in the centre, VOL. I. I Beneath this, at its base, are 2 shorty lateral processes or filaments, to the side of each of which is attached a single, sessile, 2-lobed, orange-yellow anther; its lobes rather unequal. Pollen yellow-brown, waxy. Stigma much smaller than the lobe above described, peltate, rounded, glabrous, pale yellow. This, the finest, without exception, of the known species belonging to that most singular and beautiful genus, Cypri pedium, is a native of the same country as the C. venustum, namely Nepaul, and has many points in common with that species, among which the distichous mode of growth, and suc- culent nature of its leaves, are not the least remarkable. The truly excellent representation of this plant in the splen- did Collectanea Botanica of Mr Lindley, represents th( leaves of C. insigne as much shorter than were those of my specimen, and diiFering also by being decidedly marked with nerves. The individual from which Mr Lindley's figure and de- scription were taken, was, as well as my own, communicated by Mr Shepherd, from the Liverpool Botanic Garden, whither it was introduced from that of Calcutta, in the year 1821. It flowers in the month of November, and the blossoms continue for a great length of time in perfection. Fig. 1. Under side of the Column of Fructification. Fig. 2. Upper view of the same. Fig, 3. Stamen, with its 2- celled Anther.—^// more or less magnified. I 35 CYPRIPEDIUM VENUSTUM. Spotted Lady'S'Slipper. f GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA— Nat. Ohd. ORCHIDEJE. Gen. Char. — Labellum ventricosum, inflatum (nunc saccatum). Colimna postice terminata lobo petaloideo (stamine sterili) antheras distinguente. I Petala duo antica, saepe connata Br. in Hort. Ketv. Cypripedium venustiim ; acaule, foliis lanceolatis equitantibus macula- tis, petalis lateralibus ciliatis, labello veuoso, ore inflexo. C. venustum, Waluch, MSS. — Bot. Mag. t. 2129. Root composed of several large, reddish, downy, fleshy fibres. Stem none. Leaves spreading in a distichous manner, sheathing, and equitant at the base, the rest oblongo-lanceolate, dull blueish-green, spotted and clouded with a deeper tint, the margins slightly recurved, cartilaginous at the edge, and minutely toothed at the extremity ; beneath, the leaves are of a fine purple, keeled in the centre, spotted with purple upon a green ground at the base. Scape scarcely exceeding the leaves in length, rounded, simple, pubescent, curved at the extremity. Bractea or spatha ovate, keeled, pubescent, green, purple at the back. Flower large, handsome, solitary, drooping. The two outer segments of the perianth slightly pubescent, white, with beautiful green parallel lines, the upper one broadly ovate, acute, slightly concave, horizontal, after- wards nearly erect, the lower one composed of 2 united, pendent, ovato- lanceolate, acute segments. The 2 inner and lateral segments spreading, patent, linear-oblong, waved, the margin somewhat recurved, marked with parallel lines, and a few large deep brown spots, the upper half of a fine purple, the lower green, where there are a few white hairs, the margin beautifully ciliated with purple hairs. Lip large, roundish, ovate, inflated, pendent, the upper margin curved inwards, deep yellow, tuber- culated, the mouth open, the margin a little incurved, the corner pro- jecting upward, the rest of the lip of a purple colour within, extremely t^*"gy yellow-green, reticulated, the sides purplish. Column of fructification short, terminated by a large, somewhat cuneate, fleshy, exposed lobe, green and reticulated, beneath there are 2 lateral, hornlike, green processes (filaments), upon each of which is an unequally 2-lobed orange-yellow anther. Each lobe is ovate, its upper surface fill* VOL. I. ed with a waxy, deep yellow polkn. Stigma large, peltate, pale yellow- green, hid beneath the inflated sides of the lip. Germen inferior, oblong, trigonal, incurved, green, with purple lines. This was, unquestionably, till the introduction of the Cy- pripedium insigne, the handsomest and also the most rare of this interesting genus of Orchideous plants, and not a little re- markable for the variety of its hues, both on the leaves and flowers. The former are beneath of a fine dark purple, spotted at the base, and variegated with different shades of green. The outer segments of the corolla are also very dissimilar in form and colour from the inner ones, and the lip is again very unlike in its markings any of these. Our plant flowered in the stove of the Glasgow Royal Bo tanic Garden, in the month of November, and continued sevc^ ral days in great beauty. It is a native of Nepaul, according to Dr Hamilton, where two other species have been found by the indefatigable collector employed by Dr Wallich To the latter we owe our living specimens, which thrive well in common earth, mingled with a small portion of peat, and plunged in the tan or sand. Fig. 1. Front view of the Column of Fructification ; a. The petaloid lobe , b, b. The Anthers ; c. The back of the Stigma. Fig. 2. Under side of the Column ; a. Back view of the petaloid lobe ; b, b. Lateral processes, bearing the Anthers ; c. Front view of the Stigma. Fig. 3. Anther. — All more or less magnified. 36 EUPHORBIA HYPERICIFOLIA. Hyper iciim-leaved Spurge. MONOECIA MONANDRIA, (DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Linn.) Nat. Ou0. EUPHORBIACEJE. Gen. Chah. — Flores masculi plurimi ; fcemineus iinicus, plerumque in eodem involucro monophyllo calyciforrai octo vel decemdentato. Flores mas- culi pedicellati, nudi : Flos fcemineus pedicellatus, nudus, (rarissime pe- rianthio instructus). Styli tres, bifidi. Capsula tricocca, coccis mono- spermis. Euphorbia hypericifoUa ; erecta, glaberrima, foliis oppositis brevissime petiolatis oblongis acutiusculis serrulatis basi obliquis semicordatis, corymbis axillaribus terminalibusque. E. hjrpericifolia. Linn. Amcen. Acad. v. iii. p. 113. (excl. the syii. of Burm. Zeyl.) — ^WiLLD. Sp. PI. V. ii. p. 895. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. % v. iii. p. l6l. — HuMB. et KuNTH, Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. ii. p- 45* Tithymalus americanus, floscuhs albis. Comm. Pral. p. 60. t. 60. (fid. Willd). Whole plant perfectly glabrous. Root fibrous, annual (perennial ? Humb.y Stem a foot or a foot and a half high, erect, rounded, dichotomous, slen- der, reddish-green, somewhat swoln at the joints. Leaves in rather dis- tant pairs, opposite, patent or deflexed, oblong rather obtuse, serrated, tlie base unequal and semicordate, indistinctly marked with veins, of a deli- cate texture, and beautiful green colour. There are 2 ovate bifid stipules between each pair of leaves, sometimes bipartite. Corymbs axillary and terminal, pedunculated, crowded, furnished with a few small, opposite leaves. Partial stalks bracteated ; bracteas small, lanceolate, sometimes a little toothed. Involucres oblongo-turbinate, glabrous, obscurely striated, some terminating at the mouth in 4 rather large, petal-like, roundish, pure white, patent teeth or processes, with a gi-een gland at the base, and as many erect, or incur- ved, ciliated, lanceolate and membranaceous ones, alternating with them, (Fig. 3). Others have only the 4 lanceolate, or ovato-lanceolate, erect, mem- branaceous scales, with as many smaller and similar ones between them. These small ones are, however, sometimes terminated with a green gland, and have the rudiment of a white petal-like process beneath it (Fig. 2). The Involucre is within pubescent, with very small scales, or chafF-like pro- cesses, and amongst them, and upon the side, are several, 10, 12, or more, pedicellated, monandrous, naked male Jlowers. Filament white, short, jointed on the pedicel. Anther didymous, yellow, when burst tinged with purple. Pollen yellow. In the centre, at the base of the involucre, is situated the female Jlower, a single 3-lobed germen, with 3 bifid styles, destitute of perianth, and jointed upon a thickish green pedicel, which VOL. I. increases in length, as the capsule advances in size, becomes curved, and exceeds considerably the length of the involucre. Each lobe of the ger- men forms, when mature, a triangular, slightly punctated Coccus or Cap- sule, attached longitudinally to a central linear receptacle, from which it separates, bursting longitudinally with an elastic force, and flinging out a single ovate, but somewhat triangular, brown Seed. Within the seed is a fleshy albumen, and in the centre a cylindrical Embryo, with its radicle directed towards the hilum. An inhabitant of the West Indies cultivated in Britain so early as 1727, by Mr P. Miller, and remarkable for the four pure white petal-like appendages to the involucre, which give to that part no very distant resemblance to the minute flower of some cruciferous plant. It blossoms in September in our stoves, and dies away annually, after yielding an abundance of ripe seeds. We cultivated, in 1821, also from West Indian seeds, an individual very similar to this, but in which all the involucres were destitute of white processes, and its stem and leaves, especially beneath, were covered with short, rigid, ap- pressed hairs. If Euphorbia hyperici folia be not deemed worthy of a place in this work, from tlie beauty of its flowers, it may de- serve it from the representation and explanation which 1 have given of the flower and inflorescence, which no botanist had rightly understood, till Mr BiiowN explained them in his va- luable Appendix to Captain Flinders' work. No question can now be entertained as to the propriety of removing this genus from the Class Dodecandria of the Linnean system, to Monoecia. The joint in the supposed stamen, is, in fact, the line of separation where the pedicel terminates, and the naked stamen, here forming the entire male flower, begins. A simi- lar joint is visible at the insertion of the female flower, and in this situation Mr Brown has, in some instances, disco- vered the rudiments of a 3-lobed perianth. Fig. 1. Involucre, with petal-like processes. Fig. 2. Involucre, destitute of the petal-like processes. Fig. 3. Involucre cut open, to shew the insertion of the numerous naked monandrous male flowers, and the single naked female flower, all pedicellated. Fig. 4. Anther burst. Fig. 5. Involucre, with a ripe fruit. Fig. 6. Fruit, with one of its capsules, or cocci, sepa- rating from the columella, and bursting to discharge the seed. Fig. 7. Seed. Fig. 8. Seed cut open longitudinally, to shew the Albumen and Embryo. Fig. 9. Stipule.— very much magriificd. 37 OSBECKIA STELLATA. Woolly-fruited Osbeckia. OCTANDHIA MONOGYNI A—Nat. Ord. MELASTOMACEM, Br. Osbeckia stellata ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, calycis tubo pilis numero- sissimis fasciculatis densissime intertextis obsito. Osbeckia stellata, Hamilton, in Herb. Lamb, (according to Mr Don). — Don, in Bot. Reg. t. 674. Osbeckia crinita. Smith, MSS. Stem, a foot or a foot and a half high, erect, branched, quadrangular, reddish- green, covered with scattered appressed hairs. Leaves opposite, oblongo- lanceolate, rigid, entire, clothed on all sides with numerous, short, ap- pressed hairs, ciliated at the margins, five-nerved, with the nerves inter- sected with parallel oblique veins, deep green above, paler beneath, where the nerves are prominent. Flowers large, two inches across, piu:ple-rose colour, very handsome, in ter- minal (and axillary ?) corymbs. Peduncles short, with one or two ovate, ciliated, deciduous bracteas at their base and at their extremity. Cali/x covered, all over, with thickly crowded interwoven hairs, or soft bristles, which, when carefully examined, are found to proceed, in tufts, from small excrescences or tubercles on the surface of the calyx, their colour is white ; tube ovate, large ; limb of 4 linear equal segments, and 4 small- er ones or scales, alternating with them. Corolla of 4 roundish, slightly unguiculated, spreading petals, nerved, ciliated at the margin. Stamens 8, subulate, united at the base of the petals. Filaments yell ow. Anther deep yellow, very long, curved nearly in the shape of the letter S, fur- rowed on the top, opening by a single pore at the extremity. Pistil: germen sunk within the tube of the calyx, with its lower part only incor- porated with it, ovate, attenuated, but truncate at the top, hairy. Sli/le about as long as the stamens, pale yellow, filifoi-m, curved at the sum- mit ; Stigma obtuse. This species of Osbeckia I had occasion to iiieiitioii as a native of Nepaul, in the last Part of my Exotic Flora, little thinking that I should so soon have the satisfaction of publish- ing it as an inhabitant of our gardens. The Messrs Shep- VOL. I. HERD have raised this plant froni seeds sent by Dr Wallich from Katmandu, and it flowered in their excellent establish- ment in October 18221. From a specimen communicated from Liverpool, the accompanying design was made. It is a much more beautiful species than O. nepalensis, having bronder leaves, larger flowers, and these of a considerably brighter co- lour. As a species, it is distinguished by the thick, woolly- like substance which invests the calyx, and which suggested to Sir James E. Smith its specific name of crinita. Since my figure was engraved, and the name of crinita written under it, and since the MS. was prepared for the press, this species has been well figured and described in the Botani- cal Register. To avoid confusion, I have altered the specific name upon the plate, and in the description, so as to corre- spond with that of Mr Don. I have specimens in my herbarium, both from Sir James E. Smith and Dr Wallich. Fig. 1. Calyx cut open, to shew the Pistil, Style, and the manner in which the Stamens are folded in the Calyx, before the expansion of the Corolla, Fig. 2. Stamens, — bolh magnified. 38 ORNITHIDIUM coccineum. Scarlet Ornitkidium» GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA — Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEJS. CjEN. Char. — LaheUum sessile cucuUatum cum basi columnae connatum. Pe- tala conniventia. Massce pollinis 4, obliquae, postice sulcata?. — Br. Omithidium coccineum, Salisb. in Hort. Soc. Trans, v. i. p. 293 — Br. m Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 5. p. 210. Cymbidium coccineum, Willd. Sp. Pi v. iv. p. 94>.—Bot. Mag. t 1437- Stem frequently a foot or more in height, here and there beset with green oblong bulb-like processes, and with the brown sheathing bases of old leaves ; the extremity alone producing a tuft of long, ensiform, flexuose, somewhat striated green leaves, whose base is swoln, and slightly gib- bous. From the axils of the leaves arise several beautiful scarlet ^^ower*, borne upon long, solitary, drooping footstalks, which are jointed, and furnished with a long sheath at each joint, green, except beneath the flower, where the sheaths are red and swelled. Divisions of the perianth connivent, the 3 outer ones ovato-actuninate, very concave, the 2 inner ones shorter and acute, the 6th or lip smaller than the rest, ovato-lanceolate, waved, acute, with a swelling on the upper side near the base ; the sides, below the middle, projecting into two wings, and embracing the column to Avhich the base itself is united. Column yellow, shorter than the lip, slightly curved, nearly horizontal, truncate at the extremity, furnished with a moveable lid (the Anther), like an operculum, and attached by a single point behind ; this Anther is conical> obtuse and gibbous. If it be removed before the expansion of the flower, it will be found to contain 2 cells, each with 2 masses of pollen ; if it be removed after expansion, the four masses of pollen will be seen fixed by their lower extremity to the centre of the truncated extremity of the co- lumn. Each pollen-mass is granular, at length waxy, between ovate and roundish, nearly white, having on one side a furrow or depression, which Mr Brown has made to constitute one of the generic characters. Stigma small, concave, viscid. Germen scarlet, very narrow, and much atte« nuated into the footstalk. VOL. I. K This is a plant of considerable delicacy and beauty. The green of its foliage is bright, the flowers of a brilliant scarlet colour, waxy texture, and a gracefully pendent form. It has the advantage, too, of being easily cultivated, and blossoming freely, if grown, like most other orchideous parasites, in a mix- ture of mould and bark, and kept in a shady part of the stove. The Scarlet Ornithidium is a native of the West Indies, and in our Botanic Gardens commonly flowers in the Autumn and Winter. Fig^l. Flower, with the lengthened germen. Fig. 2. Column and Lip. Fig. 3. Column, from which the anther is removed, shewing the Stigma and the Pollen as left by the anther. Fig. 4. Outer view of the Anther. Fig. 5. Inner view of the same, with the cells empty. Fig. 6. Two of the four Pollen-masses.—^^ rmre or less magnified. S9 GOODYERA prockra. Tall Goody era. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA Nat. Ord. ORCHIDE^. Gen. Char. — Corolla ringens ; petalis exterioribus anticis, labello inferne gibboso superne indiviso, suppositis. Columna libera. Pollen angular turn. — Br. QooAyeraprocera; caule folioso, foliis ovato-lanceolatis petiolatis, labello rotundato intus bi-tuberculoso glanduloso, petalis late ovatis. Neottia procera, Wallich. — Bot. Reg. t. GSQ. Stem 1^ foot high (to 3 feet, according to Bot. Reg.), slender, flexuose, leafy. Leaves erecto-patent, ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, slightly waved at the margin, pale green, obsoletely 3 or 5 nerved, the central one or midrib keeled below, tapering downward into footstalks, which embrace the stem with their bases; upper ones gradually smaller, sessile, and running into the bracteas. Spike from 4 to 6 inches long, of numerous sessile flowers, each subtended by a lanceolate bractea, shorter than the germen. Flowers white, small. Leaflets of the perianth broadly ovate, concave, the 3 uppermost ones connivent and united, the 2 lowermost free, patent. Lip very small, rounded, white, very gibbous at the base on the under- side, the apex spreading and recurved. The base within has numerous, rather large pellucid glands, and between them and the extremity are 2 ovate white tubercles. Column short, white, rounded at the back. Anther sunk into a hollow at the back of the stigma, ovate, deciduous, 2-celled, leaving upon the back of the stigma, when it falls, 2 club- shaped, bipartible, bright yellow 2}ollen-masses, composed of granules co- hering in fours, and these pollen-masses fixed by their base to a gland at the point of the stigma, which, as in Goodyera reperis, probably falls away with the pollen-masses. Germen oblong, slightly twisted. Stigma square, viscid, occupying almost the whole of the front of the column. This interesting species of Goodyera resembles very much, in the form of its flowers, the G. repens of the Flora Londi- nensis and Hoi-tus Kewensis, and also the G. pubescens, so VOL. I. admirably delineated by Mr Lindley in his Collectanea Bo- tanica. In neither of these plants, however, does there exist any remarkable peculiarity within the lip of their flowers, whereas in the present species, there are large, pellucid, elon- gated glands at the base, and 2 white tubercles near the extre- mity of that part. The leaves are very singular, also, in the G. procera, springing from the stem, and lengthened out into a decided petiole at their base, which gives an aspect to the whole individual very unusual in the Orchis tribe. Sent by Dr Wallich to the Botanic Garden at Liver- pool, and thence to me, in a flowering state, in the month of March 18212. The blossoms are quite destitute of scent. Fig. 1. Flower, with its bractea. Fig. 2. Lip and Column; a, The Anther; b, The Stigma. Fig. 3. Back view of the Column, after the removal of the Anther-case, shewing the 2 Pollen-masses, fallen upon the back of the Stigma. Fig, 4. Inside view of the Anther-case. 4 40 ASARUM ARIFOLIUM. Arum-leaved Asarabacca. DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA— Nat. Ord. ARISTOLOCHTJE. Gen. Char. — Calyx 3- seu 4-fidus, germini insidens. Corolla nulla. Cap- sula coriacea^ coronata. Asarum arifolium ; foliis subhastato-cordatis, calyce tubuloso, infra lim- bum brevissime trifidum coarctatum. — Mich. A. arifolium, Michaux, Ft. Bor. Am. v. i. p. 279. — Pursh, Fl. of N. Am. v. ii. p. 596. The root I have not seen. Stem extremely short, and scarcely rising above the surface of the ground. One single leaf terminates this short stem, which is cordato-hastate, subcoriaceous, smooth and shining, slightly un- dulated, the margin entire, dark green, with large spots or blotches of a paler hue ; petiolated, the petiole cylindrical. From the base of the petiole, through a small longitudinal cleft, appears the solitary jUyrver, scarcely an inch long, drooping, on a short curved stalk. Perianth single, oblongo-urceolate, of a thick coriaceous substance, of a dull green colour, and veined ; the limb is trifid, with the lobes recurved. The inside of the tubular part is velvety, and of a deep purple colour. Stamens 12 in number, surrounding and concealing the style ; filaments purplish, subulate, thick, having on each side, attached to neai'ly their whole length, a linear oblong cell of an anther. Pollen subquadrangu- lar. Germen scarcely at all inferior. Style short, thick, columnar, ter- minated by a stigma with 6, nearly erect, bifid rays, brownish, spotted with purple. At the back of each of these rays is an ovate, purple, fleshy gland or swelling. That this is the Asarum arifolium of Michaux, there can be, I should think, no doubt, since it so fully accords with the character given of that plant in the Flora Boi^eali- Ame- ricana of that author. Living plants were sent to our garden from the Savannah by Mr Wilson ; and they flowered with us in the summer. VOL. I. From the three species hitherto known of this genus, the present differs remarkably in the shape of its flower, which is singularly contracted below the hmb. The leaves, too, are cu- riously spotted, like those of Cyclamen europoeum. Fig. 1. Flower cut open longitudinally, to shew the Organs of Fructifica- tion. Fig. 2. Stamens. Fig. 3. Pollen. Fig. 4. Vertical section of the Germen. Fig. 5. Entire germen — All mwe or less magnified. 41, 42. BROMELIA PALLIDA, Pale-flowered Bromelia. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.—Nat. Oud. BROMEUACE.% Juss. Gen. Char — Cal. 3-fidus, superus. Petala 3. Squama nedarifera ad basin petali. Bacca trilocularis. — Hort. Kew. Bromelia pallida ; panicula laxissima patentissima, pedunculis bifloris, spathis supremis fertilibus, florem aquantlbus, divaricatis.— iT^rr, in Bot. Reg-. Bromelia pallida, Bot. Reg. t. 344. Tillandsia amaena, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 76. Stem short, simple, ^^hoUy clothed with numerous, densely crowded, linear- lanceolate, channelled, patenti-recurved, dull blueish-green, thin, coria- ceous leaves, whose margins are sharply serrated, their bases broad and imbricated ; the largest of them 8 or 10 inches in length. Panicle terminal, taller than the leaves, cylindrical, branched ; branches dis- tant, patent, alternate, somewhat compressed, almost constantly two- flowered, shewing at their bases (except a few of the uppermost branches), large, deep rose-coloured, thin, ovate, concave bradeas or spathas. Si- milar bradeas sheath the base of the flowering-stalk ; these altogether, before the appearance of the flowers, are imbricated into a rich rose-co- loured or almost crimson spike, afterwards they become patent, deflex- ed, and by the time the flower is fully expanded, they lose much of their brilliancy, and soon after fall away. Flowers between 2 and 3 inches in length, patent. Germen inferior, oblong, obtusely trigonous, marked with prominent lines, green, 3-celled, each cell with many ovules at the inner angles. Cali/x shorter than the co- rolla, forming a tube around it, of 3 linear oblong segments, pale green. Corolla also of 3 linear-lanceolate segments, conniving, so as to form a tube, slightly ventricose and hyaline below, the rest pale yellow-green, except the apices, which are recurved, and tipped with blue. Stamens 6, of equal length, and about as long as the corolla. Filaments slender, thread-shaped, white, glabrous, inserted into the very base of the corolla,' just where it forms a tube with the marginal summit of the germen, and having, alternating with them at their base, a small, subquadrate, white membranaceous scale, cut into numerous awl- shaped segments at the ex- tremity. Anthers linear-oblong, yellow. Style rather longer than the VOL. I. stamens, and a little exceeding the corollaj white below, green above, glabrous. Stigmas 3, variously curved, and somewhat twisted. This interesting plant is seen in its greatest beauty, when, emerging from the crown of its dark lurid leaves, the panicle appears covered by the large, closely-imbricated, and brilliantly- coloured bracteas. For, no sooner has this panicle attained its full size, and the flowers have protruded themselves, than the fine colour disappears, the bracteas soon fall away, and the flowers themselves exhibit little or no vividness of hue to re- commend them, except it be the deep blue tint which tips the extremities of the segments of its calyx and corolla. Mr LoDDiGES appears to have first figured and described this plant in his Botanical Cabinet^ under the name of 211- landsia arrmna. Mr Ker afterwards figured it in the 344th plate of the JBotanical Register^ with the appellation here adopted, from a weak plant, however, in which one of the flowers of each peduncle was wanting, from abortion. There is even in our specimen, an appearance, indicated by a short process at the summit of many of the pedicels, of a tendency to ramify still more. Bromelia pallida flowers readily in the tan-pit, early in the winter. Plants of it were sent to my collection in Suffolk, five years ago, by my friends Messrs Shepherd of Liver^ pool ; and the same liberal cultivators have likewise communi- cated individuals to our Glasgow Botanic Garden, from which the fine specimen in the accompanying drawing was taken. It is supposed to be a native of South America. Tab. 41. Plant, reduced to about |d of the natural size. Tab. 42. Panicle, nat. size. Fig. 1. Flower, deprived of the calyx. Fig. 2. The same, deprived of the calyx and corolla. Fig. 3. Germen, cut through trans- versely. Fig. 4. The bases of 3 Stamens, to shew the scales alternating with tliem. Fig. 5. Single Scale. — All more or less magnijied. 4S DALE A BicoLOR. Two-coloured Dalea. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA — Nat. Ord. LEGUMINOSJE. Gen. Char. — Alee et Carina columnae staminum adnatse. ,Stam. 5-10, con- natae, absque filamento libero. Legumen monospermum. — V ent. Dalea bicolor; decandra, spicis terminalibus elongatis, Mis subquinque- jugis obovatis, caule fruticoso. Dalea bicolor, Willd. Hort. Berol. v. ii. t. 89- A rather small, straggling, sufFrutescent plant, with cylindrical branching slightly pubescent zig-zag stems. Leaves alternate, composed of 4 or 5 pairs of smallish ^obovate, obtuse, rather distant leaflets, and a terminal odd one ; these are furnished with a central rib, are slightly petiolated, and sprinkled beneath with numerous distinct impressed dots, resembling those of the Common Rue. Stipules small, subulate. Spike terminal, about 2 or 3 inches long, compact, acuminate, of numerous imbricated flowers. Bracteas lanceolato-acuminate, concave, green, ca- ducous. Calyx short, whitish, pubescent, with 5 green teeth, of which the 3 lowermost are rather the longest, and 10 longitudinal green ribs. Corolla of 5 unequal petals. VexiUum ovate, straight, its sides deflexed, yellowish- white, with a long claw, which is, for the greater part of its length, at a considerable distance from the other petals. AUb oblongo- falcate, appressed to the carina, yellowish-white, the extremity violet- coloured ; carina of 2 subovate, clawed petals, united by their lower edge, larger than the alse, yellowish- white, tipped with blue : both the alae and carina have their claws incorporated with the tube of the stamens ; this is cleft above at the base, and terminated in 10 filaments, each tipped with a deep orange-coloured anther, bearing yellow pollen. Germen ovate, pubescent, rising in part above the slit of the tube of the stamens; the style concealed, for the greater portion of its length, by the stamens; the stigma obtuse, glabrous. Pericarp a one-seeded, roundish, pubescent, gibbous legumen, inclosed with- in the persistent calyx. Seed large, somewhat kidney-shaped. Cotyle- dons 2, large ; radicle pointing upwards. VOL. I. The genus Daka has been confounded with Psoralea, from which it diflPers essentially in its monadelphous stamens^ and in the tube of these stamens bearing the alse and carina. It has a still nearer affinity with Petalostemon, in which the petals are likewise adnate with the stamens, and in which, as well as in the present genus, the leaves are furnished with glands, but, besides that the point of their insertion is diffe- rent, Petalostemon has but 5, not 10, stamens. All the species of Dalea are natives of either North or South America : the present individual is indigenous to the latter country, where it was, if I mistake not, first detected by Humboldt and Bonpland. It is, I believe, still rare in our gardens. The figures here given were made from fine spe- cimens communicated to me by Mr Shepherd of the Liver- pool Botanic Garden, in the month of September 1822. Fig. 1. Entire flower. Fig. 2. Claws of the petals. Fig. 3. Stamens and pistil, the petals being partly removed. Fig. 4. Anther. Fig. 5. Calyx, including the seed-vessel. Fig. 6. Seed-vessel, removed from the Calyx! Fig. 7. Seed. Fig. 8. Embryo.— more or less magnified- 4* LOBELIA MICRANTHA. Small-fiowered Lobelia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA— Nat. Ord. CAMPANULACEJE. Gen. Char — Corolla tubo hinc fisso (raro integro) ; limbo quinquepartito. Antherce connatae. Stigma bilobum (nunc indivisura). Capsula bilocu- laris (raro trilocularis), apice supero bivalvi — Herbce, vel Suffrutices, pk" rwque lactescentes. Folia alterna, Integra vel laciniata, raro Jistuhsa. Fhres racemosi, terminales vel axillares, solitarii, pedicellis bibracteatis vel nudis. Antherce scepius barbatce.—BR. Div. I. — Pedunculi axillares unijlori. Herbacew. Lobelia mkrantha; glabra erecta, caule acute triquetro, foliis ovato-ro- tundatis repando-dentatis subpetiolatis, pedunculis folio lon^oribus, capsula obovata. Root small, fibrous, annual. Stem 4-6 inches high, erect, acutely 3-angled, with the angles subulate, quite glabrous, sometinxes simple, more fre- quently branched near the base, the branches spreading, from 1 to 4 inches in length. Leaves alternate; the hrver ones nearly orbicular, the upper ones broadly ovate, the supreme ones ovate, all glabrous or very slightly pilose above, with their margins repando-dentate, the base atte- nuated into a shortish foot-stalk. From the axils of the leaves, towards the upper part of the stem, arise the solitary slender fower-stalks, about an inch long, and bearing single flowers. Calyx glabrous, green, with 5 spreading subulate segments. Corolla ex- tremely minute, pale purplish, pubescent. Tube cylindrical, slit down on the upper side for nearly the whole length, and exposing the stamens. Limb in 2 lips, upper one of 2 small, acute teeth, pointing obliquely up- wards ; the lower one of 3 ovate, acute slightly deflexed segments, with- in of rather a deep purple colour with a transverse pale band, at the base having 2 oblong pale green swellings or glands. Stamens united into a sheath by the filaments and the anthers, about as long as the tube. Anthers purplish, each with a tuft of white hairs at the extremity. Pollen yellow. Germen inferior, ovate, attenuated at the base, and marked with 5 elevated ribs. Style cylindrical, as long as the stamens. Stigma fringed, purplish. Capsule obovate, terminated by the persistent seg- VOL. I. inents of the calyx, and by the withered corolla ; opening by two fissures^ one on each side at the extremity, 2-celled. Seeds numerous, attached to a central spongy receptacle. A hitherto undescribed species, native of Nepaul, and com- municated to our garden by the excellent Dr Wallich. 1 am not acquainted with any species of this genus with which the present can be confounded. It is clearly of the same family with the Lobelia cuneiformis, figured by La- bill ardiere in his Flora of New Holland, (the L.alata |3 of Brown), like that plant having axillary one-flowered pe- duncles, and a remarkably triquetrous stem. But the leaves and capsule, as well as the size of the whole, are widely diffe- rent; and the diminutiveness of the flowers in this species forms a striking character. I possess, in my herbarium, a Lobelia from the same country, in many respects nearly allied to this, but different in its pubescent stem and leaves, and in the vast- ly larger size of the inflorescence. The present species flowered in the stove of our garden, du- ring the autumn of 1822, and bore seeds freely. Fig. 1. Side view of a flower. Fig. 2. Upper view of the same. Fig. 3. Lower lip of the limb. Fig. 4. Stamens, enclosing the style. Fig. 5. Single Anther. Fig. 6. Summit of the style and stigma. Fig. 7. Cap- sule. Fig. 8. The same cut through transversely. Fig. 9. Section of the stem.— more or less magnified. 45 DONIA CILIATA. Ciliated Donia. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA Nat. Ord. COMPOSITE. CORYMBIFERiE, Juss — SYNANTHEREES, Div. Asterees, Cassini. Gen. Char. — Receptaculum nudum. Pappus setaceus, caducus ? Calyx im- bricatusj hemisphaericus. — Br. in Hort. Ketv. Donia ciliata; foliis oblongis obtusis semiamplexicaulibus ciliato-serratis, laciniis calycinis linearibus planis, seto acuminatis, caule herbaceo. — Nutt. Donia ciliata, Nuttall, in Journ. of Ihe Academy of Nat. Sciences of Phila- delphia, vol. ii. (1821), p. 118. Root subfusiform, fibrous, biennial. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high (in its native country 4 or 5 feet), erect, branched, furrowed, glabrous, the branches proceeding from the axils of the leaVes. Leaves from 2 to 4 inches long, oblong, obtuse, slightly concave, rigid, waved, gradually smaller upv/ards, the margins strikingly ciliato-serrate, the midrib strong, keeled at the base, and forming a swelling where it is inserted upon the stem ; with indistinct lateral nerves. The whole substance of the leaf is beautifully reticulated with pellucid veins, as may be seen by holding it up against the light. Flowers solitary, terminal upon the stems and branches, yellow, showy. In- volucres hemispherical, formed of numerous linear imbricated scales, of which the outer ones are squarrose, the inner ones erect, all of them acu- minate, and almost aristate. Receptacle naked, pitted. Florets of the ray ligulate, patent, bidentate ; Germen destitute of pappus ; Florets of the disk tubular, 5-toothed ; Stamens yellow ; Anther with an acute appen- dage at the top, none at the base ; Germen pappose ; Stigmas two, fili- form, pubescent ; Seed or Pericarp ovato-oblong ; Pappus sessile, of nu- merous scabrous bristles. Evidently allied to the Donia squarrosa of PuRSH and of the Botanical Magazine, t. 1706, but differing from it, even at first sight, in its smaller flowers, and in the shorter scales of the involucre, and more especially in its far larger leaves, which VOL. I. are decidedly ciliato-serrate. There are, nevertheless, some points wherein the present plant does not agree with the genus Donia of Mr Brown, which is stated to have a " caducous pappus;" and if, as Mr Brown is of opinion, Donia is the same with Grindelia of Willdenow, then there exists a farther disparity in the character of « setse 3-4 the plant now under consideration having, assuredly, a pappus composed of many setae, which are not, either, as far as I could discover upon exa- mining a much advanced germen, at all caducous. Donia ciliata was discovered by Mr Nuttall in the Ar- kansa territory of North America, growing on the alluvial banks both of the river Arkansa and of the Great Salt River, flower- ing from August to October. From seeds communicated by that gentleman to the Liverpool Botanic Garden, the specimen here delineated was raised. Mr Nuttall observes, that there are few more desirable autumnal plants than the present, for the open border; and that in the garden belonging to the Uni- versity of Philadelphia, it proves perfectly hardy, as it will al- so probably do in this country. Pig. 1. Portion of the Involucre and of the Receptacle, from which most of the florets have been removed. Fig. 2. Young perianth with its pappus. Fig. 3. Upper part of a central floret, shewing the Anthers and Stigma. Fig. 4. Seta of the Pappus. Fig. 5. Appearance of a portion of the leaf, when held up against the light. — All more or less magnified. 46 HEDYCHIUM spicatum. Spiked Garland-flower. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA — Nat. Ord. SCITAMINEM, SrowM.— CANNiE, Juts. Gen. Char. — Corolla tubo longo gracili, limbo duplice utroque tripartite, in- teriore resupinato. Capsula trilocularis, trivalvis. Semina numerosa, aril- lata. Embryo simplex, perispermo vitelloque instructus. — Roxh. in Ft. Ind. Hedychium spicatum; floribus laxe spicatis, spathis obtusis unifloris, sta- raine labelli limbo rotundato emarginato breviore. Hedychium spicatum. Smith, in Rees' Cycl — Bot. Mag. t. 2300. Stem of the plant which flowered in our stove between 3 and 4 feet high. Leaves a foot or more in length, distichous, lanceolate, glabrous and dark green above, pubescent and paler beneath, slightly waved, with a central rib and several parallel oblique nerves, their bases furnished with long sheaths, and having an ovate, concave ligule, where the sheath joins on to the blade of the leaf Spike of flowers terminal, from 6 inches to a foot in length, composed of many oblongo-ovate circumvolute, large, green bracteas, within each of which is always a single fragrant flower, having two delicate inner bracteas, en- veloping its base, and reaching a little above the outer bractea. Cwolla with a long slender tube, slightly curved, and of a yellowish dingy brown colour. Limb in two portions, nearly equal in length; outer one of 3 nar- row linear segments, an inch or an inch and a half long, at first erect then patent, and twisted, dirty white. Inner portion of the limb pure white, of 3 very unequal segments, of these two are linear-spathulate and spread- ing, the third a lip, having a short unguis or claw, and a very large or- biculate waved subcarinated emarginate lamina or border. Filament much shorter than the labellum, incorporated with the tube, thickish, grooved for the reception of the style and between the lobes of the oblong, yel- lowish 2-celled, and, at the base, 2-lobed Anther. Germen obtusely trian- gular, green, glabrous, 3-celled; ofvules attached to the centre. Style very long, protruded just beyond the Anther, and having at the base, on one side, two cylindrical upright orange-coloured glands, (abortive sta- mens }). Stigma funnel-shaped, depressed in the centre, green, beauti- fully fringed at its margin. VOL, I. This charming plant, whicli recommends itself no less by the size and beauty of its snow-white blossoms, than by their fragrance, which resembles that of the Common Jessamine, flowered in the stove of our Botanic Garden in the month of October 1822, from roots that we had received from Dr Wal- LICH. We have, at various times, been favoured with flowering specimens of this plant, from Messrs Shepherd of Liverpool, who named it Hedychium spicatum, under which appellation it is described by Sir J. E. Smith in Rees' Cyclopaedia. Although properly a stove plant, this species has endured the winter, and flowered in the open air, in the garden of Mr Kent, at Clapton; but from the specimen which thus blossom- ed, as figured in the Botanical Magazine, it will be seen how much inferior it is to our plant, the produce of the hot-house. It was discovered in Upper Nepaul by my kind and valued friend Dr Francis Buchanan Hamilton of Leny House, and is called Wohutty Iwa in its native country, where it is much admired for its beauty and fragrance. It differs, in many respects, from the five species of Hedychium described in the Flora Indica (and the genus appears confined to the East Indies), approaching perhaps, indeed, to the H. elatum of Mr Broavn, in the Botanical Register, in the form of its flowers. The disposition of the blossoms in the spike, and the structure of the spike itself, are totally different ; and from every described individual, this may be known by its long slen- der tube, and its filament, so much shorter than the labellum. Fig. 1. Extremity of a plant, nalural size. Fig. 2. Entire flower, with its two inner bracteas (calyx of some authors), at the base, natural size. Fig. 3. Summit of a stamen, with the style passing through its groove. Fig. 4. Germen and portion of the corolla and style. Fig. 5. Germen, with the corolla removed, to shew the base of the style and the 2 glands, or abortive stamens. Fig. 6. Germen cut through, to shew the ovules. Fig. 7- Upper portion of a stamen, with the style forced from out of the groove. — All more or less magnified. 47, 48 CANNA GIGANTEA. Tall Indian-Shot. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Oud. CANNM. Gen. Char. — Anihera simplex, margini filamenti petaloidis affixa. Stylus spathulatus, adnatus tubo corollae : stigma lineare. Capsula 3-locularis, 3-valvis ; semina plura. — Roxburgfi. Canna gigantea; foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis, perianthii limbo interiore trifido, laciniis inaequalibus una cum labello Jineari-spathu- latis recurvo-patentibus. Canna gigantea, Redoute', Liliacees, v. vi. t. 331. — BoL Register, t. 206. Canna patens. Rose, in Linn. Trans, v. viii. p. 338. This truly magnificent species throws up many stems from the same root, which reach to the height of from 6 to 8 feet, and are formed of the long sheathing bases of the leaves. The leaves themselves vary somewhat in form, and remarkably in size, upon different parts of the stem; the lower- most ones being two feet in length and petiolated ; thence, as they pro- ceed upwards, they gradually become smaller and broader, so that the uppermost leaves are almost cordate, and not above 6 inches long ; the whole are of a most beautifully vivid green, with numerous parallel trans- verse nerves springing from the central rib. The floroers, of four inches or more in length, are terminal, racemed, the main stalk concealed by two long sheathing bracteas, green, with a brown edge ; the pedicels, which spring always in pairs, are likewise furnished with small ovate bracteas, which soon wither and fall off. Calyx of 3 ovato-lanceolate, pale yellowish-green segments, having a purple spot at their base. Corolla almost wholly of one imiform scarlet colour, tubular, formed of a double limb, of which the outer one consists of 3 lanceolate, erect, submembranaceous segments, with their margins invo- lute ; the inner one is divided into 3 linear spathulate segments, of which two are nearly equal in size, the third (a lateral one) is much narrower and less spathulate, corresponding in shape with the labeUum, which is oblique, and together with the three segments just described, recurvo- patent, entire, or occasionally a little jagged at the point. Stamen : Jila- ment petaloid, broader than the lahellum, revolute at the extremity, of the same colour as the perianth, bearing the yellow anther on its margin, and embracing with its base, the linear spathulate, truncate, viscid style, which is of the same colour as the rest of the flower. VOL. 1. M In this genus, as in the Orchis tribe, the labellum is merely one of the divisions of the perianth, or corolla, which generally takes a strikingly different form from the rest of the segments. In the present instance it is otherwise ; for, both in its direction and figure, it is almost the exact counterpart of the other seg- ments of the perianth, as may be seen at Fig. 1. & 2. of Tab. 48. In this species, too, as in C. patens, and probably all the indi- viduals of the genus which are said to have a trifid interior limb of the corolla, two, out of the three segments, are united half-way up from below, as if in reality they formed but one segment split at the extremity, as may be observed at Fio- 2 ofTa&.48. • M. Desfontaines appears, according to Redoute, to be the first person who described this species in the Catalogue of the Paris Botanic Garden ; and the last-named able artist has given a splendid figure of it in his Plantes Liliacees, from the description to which we learn, that although it had been mtroduced a considerable number of years ago into the gardens about Paris, yet that its native place of growth was unknown. The same remark is made by Mr Gawler in the Botanical Register; and unfortunately I am not able to fill up the blank in the history of this species. Our plants were received from Mr Shepherd of Liver- pool : they flowered readily with us in November, and again in the February following, and make a far more striking appear- ance, not only from the form and bright beauty of their foliage, but also from the size and colour of their flowers, than any other species of the genus, the very rare C. iridiflora alone ex- excepted. They have, however, the inconvenient fault of re- quiring a great deal of room. Tab. 47. Single stem of Canna gigantea, reduced to about ^^th of the natu- ral size. Tab. 48. Panicle of flowers of Canna gigantea, naL size. Fig. 1 . Front view of a flower; a. The calyx; b, h. The outer limb of the co- rolla; c,c,c. The three segments of the inner limb of the corolla; d. The labellum ; e. The stamen;/. The style, and stigma. Fig. 2. Back view of a flower, from which the calyx and exterior limb of the corolla have been removed; a, Point of insertion of the calyx ; h. Point of insertion of the exterior limb of the corolla; c, c, c, The three segments of the inner limb of the corolla; d, The labellum; e, The stamen;/. The style,— very slightly magnified. 49 SAXIFRAGA ligulata. Fringe-leaved Saxifrage. DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. SAXIFRAGES. Gen. Char — Calyx quinquefidus, persistans. Petala quinque. Capsula bi* rostrata, unilocularis. Semina numerosa. Saxifraga ligulata; acaulis, foliis petiolatis coriaceis late-obovatis retusis ciliatis, scapo brevi parce bracteato, panicula cymosa. S. ligulata, Wallich, era Asiat. Res. v. xiii. (with a figure). — Don, in Litm. Trans, v. xiii. p. 348. Megasea ? ciliata. Haw. Saxifrag. Enum. p. 7. Root long, thick, perennial, woody and knotted, towards the upper extremity covered with the brown sheathing bases of the former years' leaves, and from the lower part throwing out rather long branching fibres. Leaves all springing from the summit of this root, spreading, 5 or 6 inches in length, obtuse at the base, retuse at the extremity, their mai'gins some- what reflexed, most beautifully and strongly ciliated with rigid, whitish hairs ; the substance of the leaf coriaceous, the upper surface of rather a deep green, marked with depressed nerves, the under side paler, with prominent nerves. Petiole * about an inch, or an inch and a half long, terete, or slightly compressed, at the base broad and sheathing, the upper part of the sheath running up into an elongated process, like the ligule of a grass (whence I presume Dr Wallich's specific name), and this process, like the mai'gin of the leaf, ciliated. Scape from 5 to 7 inches high, erect, flexuose, terminated by a cymose pa- nicle of large white or pale rose-colored flowers. At the base of the main branches is a single, large, cymbiforra hractea, green, ciliated towards the extremity, and having sometimes a fleshy mucro at the back. Calyx cup-shaped, very obtuse at the base, reddish, with 5 dull green, erect lobes. Corolla of 5 large waved petals, spreading, clawed, the claw short, always rose-colored, inserted upon the calyx between the lobes and up- on the same point with the 5 short stamens. Stamens 10, erect, inserted upon the calyx, 5 at the base of the lobes, and 5 at the sinuses ; Fila- merits erect, alternately shorter, rose-colored, the taller ones as long as the Germen; Anthers roundish, purple. Germen entirely free, greenish- flesh-colored, oblong, with 2 longish, nearly erect beaks, or styles, di- vided almost to the base. Stigmas obtuse. VOL. I. M * There is a peculiarity in the mode in which the margins of this leaf are attached to the petiole, similar to what I have already observed in the leaf of Orontium aquaticum. The margins, on each side, are not decurrent with the sides of the petiole, nor do they jut on to them, but they meet almost transversely in the front of the petiole. This interesting and rare Saxifrage has been sent to Dr Wallich, from Katmandu, by the Hon. Colonel Gardner, (the individual to whom I am indebted for many of the most valuable subjects figured in my Musci Exotici), and by Mr Smith from Sylhet, in the year 1819. The liberal Director of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, forwarded it in a living state to Mr Shepherd of Liverpool, from the valuable collection of plants under whose care, it was sent to me in flower, in Janua- ry 1823. The accompanying figure was taken from those spe- cimens, aided by an accurate sketch of the growing plant, also sent by Mr H. Shepherd. There is a striking resemblance between this plant and the Saxifraga crassifolia of Siberia ; but, besides the different shape of their leaves, the margins of those of S. ligulata are singularly ciliated, and the flowers are larger and more showy, not being very dissimilar in form and hue from a cluster of the blossoms of the crab-apple. The structure of the inflorescence, indeed, is the same with that of S. crassifolia^ and its pe- culiarities have given rise, in conjunction with the whole ha- bit of the plant, to the formation of a new genus, Bergena of McENCH, Geryonia of Schranck, and Megasea * of Ha- worth. Mr Haworth, without being aware that this species was described by the excellent Wallich, bestowed on it the ex- pressive appellation of ciliata. The name by which this plant is known at Nepaul is Shanpe-Soak ; at Katmandu it is called Atia Torongsing. Surely the Megasea cordifoUa, and M. media of Mr Ha- worth, must be considered as mere varieties of 31. crassi- folia. If such be the case, this family or genus only consists of Saxifraga crassifolia and S. ligulata. The blossoms of this plant diffuse a very agreeable, prim- rose-like scent. Fig. 1. Flower, from which the petals are removed. Fig. 2. Pistil. Fig. 3. Portion of the calyx, to shew the point of insertion of the Petals and Stamens. — All more or less magjiified. * CcU. campanulato-5-lobatus, inferne melliferus. Pet. 5, persistentia. Stam. caljci coadunata, usque ejus lobos. Germen superum. CapmlcB birostratse basi solum coalita>. ~Haiv. sub Megaseam. 50 EPIDENDRUM nutans. Drooping-flowered Epidendrum. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA._Nat. Ord. ORCHIDS^. Div. Anth. terminalis mohilis decidua. Massae poUinis demum cereaceas. Gen. Char. — Columna cum ungue labelli longitudinaliter connata in tubum (quandoque decurrentem ovarium). Massce poUinis 4, parallelae, septis completis persistentibus distinctae, basi filo granulate elastico auctae.-— Br. Epidendrum nutans; caule simplici, foliis ovato-lanceolatis amplexi- caulibus ; floribus subspicatis nutantibus, lamina labelli triloba, lobo intermedio tridentato. — Sw. Epidendrum nutans, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 1499 — ^Willd. Sp. PL p. 117. — Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 5. p, 209.— Bot. Beg. t. 17. Boot, according to Swartz, of several thick, filiform, long, white fibres. Stem from l^to 2 feet high, about the thickness of one's little finger, erect, or horizontal when growing from the trunks of trees, simple, nearly cylindrical, yellowish-green, almost formed by the sheathing bases of the leaves. Leaves oblongo-lanceolate, thick, fleshy, dark green, distichous, scarcely striated, rather acute, sheathing and amplexicaul at the base. Spike of jhwers large, handsome, terminal, from 6 to 8 inches long, some- times branched, the branches divaricated, flexuose. There are 3 or 4 large marcescent bractece towards the base of the common flower-stalk, and smaller ones at the base of each flower, which, however, soon fall away. The color of the flowers is one, almost entirely uniform, pale yellow-green, the column and the labellum only being of a more yellow or lemon colour. Segments of the Perianth spreading, soon reflexed, the 3 outer ones oblongo- spathulate, uniform ; the 2 inner or lateral ones almost linear, obtuse. Labellum firmly united with the under side of the column, the lamina only being free ; this is rather large, horizontally deflexed, 3-lobed, the two lateral lobes the largest, rovmded, the intermediate three, toothed; the two lateral teeth large and spreading, the intermediate very minute. At the base of the lamina of the labellum are two white fleshy calli, and pro- ceeding from them 3 elevated lines, running down the centre. Column shorter than the segments of the perianth, standing out nearly horizon- tally, clavatc, 2-lobed at the extremity, with a sinus at the top for the VOL. I. reception of the Anther. This is ovate, notched at the extremity, yel- lowish-brown, convex, deciduous, 4.celled, When this anther falls away, the 4 pollen- masses, collected into an ovate bright yellow mass, are seen lodged in the hollow of the sinus, just above the concave stigma : when separated, each pollen-mass is observed to be oblong, attached by one ex- tremity to a rather thick, filiform, yellow, granulated, elastic pedicel, which is bent under, and lies parallel with it. Germen oblong, striated, slender, tapering into a rather long filiform footstalk. This fine plant, whose flowers, in addition to their singu- larity and heauty, are highly fragrant on the approach of even- ing, was sent to me in the month of January 1822, from the stove of the Liverpool Botanic Garden, by Mr H. Shepherd. It was received Ht that Institution from Messrs Loddiges of Hackney, under the name of Epidendrum nutans, and appears in every essential particular to accord with the description of SwARTZ. But it seems to differ in some respects from the figure so termed in the Botanical Register, especially in the color of the flower and the form of the lahellum. The analysis of the inflorescence representedln the annexed plate, will sufficiently illustrate Mr Brown's admirable cha- racter of the genus. Epidendrum nutans was introduced into this country in 1793, from Jamaica, (where it is, as its generic name implies, a parasite upon trees), by Rear- Admiral Bligh, along with many others of the same family, from that island. In its native country, October is the season of its flowering. Fig. 1. Entire flower. Fig. 2. Front view of the column and labellum ; the anther-case being removed, and shewing the pollen-masses. Fig. 3. In- side view of an anther-case. Fig. 4. Pollen-masses united. Fig. 5. Pollen-masses separated. Fig. 6. Back view of the column and labellum. ''-All more or less magnified. 51 CYMBIDIUM LANciroLiuM. Sword-leaved Cymbidium. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEJE. Div. Anthera terminalis, mobilis, decidua. Massae polUnis demum cereacecB.-— Br. Gen. Char.— X/flSe^/Mwi ecalcaratum, concavura, cum basi (siraplici nec pro- ducta) columnae articulatum. P'etala patentia, distincta. Masses poUinis duo, postice bilobae. — Br. Cymbidium lancifolium; foliis radicalibus lanceolatis nervosis basi atte- nuatis, scapo tereti paucifloro, labello oblongo apice recurvato ma- culato. Itoot composed of large, cylindrical, fleshy fibres. Leaves springing from the root in small fascicles, from 8 inches to a foot in length, lanceolate, waved, acute, striated, rather fleshy, tapering down for a great way into very narrow bases, which are surrounded for a con- siderable part of their length with large brownish, imbricated,^ striated, acute sheaths. Scapes arising frequently in pairs from the summit of the roots, on the out- side of the fascicle of leaves, and surrounded at their bases with similar, but smaller, imbricated and convoluted sheaths, rather shorter than th^ leaves, erect, cylindrical, very pale green, bearing about 4 or 5 mode- rately sized flowers. Germen so long and slender as to appear like a footstalk, semiterete, pale green, having a lanceolate membranaceous bractea, about one-fourth of its length at the base. The ^five outer segmenis of the Perianth (or petals, as they are usually term- ed), are spreading, somewhat fleshy, the three exterior ones the narrowest> linear, somewhat twisted, white, destitute of any lines or blotches ; the two inner ones are oblong and acute, slightly concave, white, with a broad and central rose-colored line or band, which does not reach> however> quite to the summit. Lip articulated with the base of the column, erecto-patent, oblong, almost white on the under side, but spotted at the base ; in the inside having a longitudinal elevated ridge, with a deep furrow on the top, 3-lobed, the two lateral lobes broad, obtuse, curved vtpward, purplish on the outside, with occasionally a few spots; within, of a deep reddish-purple, streaked with a few white vertical lines; the middle lobe is ovate, acute, recurved, white, marked with transverse red lines on each side at its base, and spotted with the same color towards the extremity. VOL. I. Column nearly as long as the lip, semiterete, curved forwards, white on the outside, spotted with red towards the base within ;--near the summit of the inner face is a subquadrate cavity which forms the stigma ^(JPxg. 2. h.)^ and, at the very summit, is the hemispherical, obtusely 2-lobed, yellow, moveable Anther, containing within it two roundish, compressed, yellow, cereaceous pollen-masses, affixed by their base to a small white elastic gland on one side of the margin of the anther. The upper sides of these pollen-masses are seen to have two smaller appendages or lobes, of the same texture as the rest of the pollen-mass. A native of the East Indies, thence transmitted by Dr Wallich to Messrs Shepherd of the Liverpool Botanic Garden, by whom a flowering plant of it was sent to me in May 1822. Dr W allich had attached a name to it, but this being accidentally lost during the voyage, I have ventured to affix one which is expressive of the character that must distin- guish this species from its very near allies, Cymhidium ensifo- Hum, and C. sinense. With the latter it approximates the most, but is very widely removed from it by the form and texture of its foliage. From the former it differs not only in the leaves, which are far broader, and more sensibly attenuated at the base and extremity, but also in the flowers, which, in the pre- sent individual, have their three outer segments considerably the narrowest, are of a whitish, not green, hue, and are also destitute of the numerous red lines, with which all the five equally broad petals of C. ensifolivmi are alike marked. Fig. 1. Column of fructification and Lip of a flower. Fig. 2. Upper part of the Column ; shewing a, the Anther, b, the Stigma. Fig. 3. Anther re- moved, and turned up, so as to display the attachment of the two Pollen- masses within. Fig. 4. Upper side of the two Pollen-masses—y^// more or less magnified. 52 TRICHOMANES elegans. Elegant Bristle-Fern. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES._Nat. Ord. FILICES, Div. GYRAXiE, Br. Gen. Char. — Sori marginales. Capsulce sessiles, receptaculo communi cy- lindraceo insertse, intra Involucrum monophyllum, suburceolatum, ore hiante, textura frondis. — Br. Trichomanes elegans; frondibus sterilibus lanceolatis pinnatifidis incisis, fertilibus linearibus involucris pinnatis. Trichomanes elegans, Rudge, PI. Giiian. p. 24. t. 35. — ^Willu. Sp. PL v. 5. p. 503. This singular plant has no apparent caudex; its rather stout, wiry, brown, almost simple, longish fibres spring immediately from the base of the fronds. Sterile fronds 4- or 5 inches in length, lanceolate, acuminate, gradually taper- ing below into a short, dark-colored hispid stipes, cut deeply at the mai'gin into several, rather closely placed, oblong, obtuse segments, which are bluntly-toothed, and most so at the extremity. The texture is thin and delicate, minutely reticulated, the color dark green ; through the centre runs a hispid rachis, and the segments have a central and several lateral parallel forked nerves. Fertile frond or spike about four inches in length, placed upon a long pe- duncle ; the Involucres arranged in a regularly pinnated manner, about 2 lines in length, oblong or somewhat urceolate, tapering at the base, slightly curved, the mouth open. Receptacle half as long again as the involucre, filifomi ; its lower half covered with small, brown, shining capsules, sessile on their own base, having a complete, elastic, jointed, transverse ring, and bursting irregularly for the discharge of the seeds. Beautiful as are the individuals, in general, of the genus Trichomanes, this, in my opinion, excels them all, and amply deserves the specific name which has been appropriated to it. No species but the present, as far as I am aware, has the in- volucrum placed in spikes, on a stalk distinct from the com- mon appearance of the fronds ; nor has it apparently been known to any author but Mr Rudge, by whom it is published, VOL. I. as a native only of Guiana, in his fine work on the plants of that country, and wliere so excellent a figure and description of it are given, as leave no doubt of its identity with the pre- sent plant. It was, therefore, particularly gratifying to mc to receive, amongst a great number of other botanical rarities, a very per- fect specimen of Trichomanes elegans, from the Island of St Vincents, in the West Indies, transmitted by my friend the Reverend Lansdowne Guilding, F. I.. S., whose passion for natural history, in all its departments, and for zoology in particular, has induced him to collect materials for a Fauna of the West Indies, which he informs me is already in a consi- derable state of forwardness. Fig. 1. Pinna of a sterile frond. Fig. 2. Portion of the same, to shew its reticulation. Fig. 3. Portion of the spike of fructification. Fig. 4. Re- ceptacle, with its capsules. Fig. 5. Single capsule All mare or less magnified. 53 CANNA iNDicA, mr, maculata. Indian Shot : spotted-flowered variety. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA.^Nat. Oed. CANNM. Gen. Char. — Anthera simplex, margini filamenti petaloidis affixa. Stylus spathulatus, adnatus tubo coroUae ; stigma lineare. Capsula trilocularis, trivalvis, semina plura. — Roxburgh. Canna indica; foliis petiolatis anguste-ovatis, corollas limbo interiore tri- fido, laciniis inasqualibus lanceolato-spathulatis acutis erectis, labello linear! recurvato. C. indica, Roscoe, in Linn. Trans, v. viii. p. 338.— Aiton, Hort. Ketv. ed. 2. V. i. p. 1. /2. Floribusjlavis rubro-maculatis. Plant 4 feet or more in height ; stems erect, simple. Leaves about 8 inches long, ovate, or somewhat inclining to lanceolate, acuminate at the point, and tapering down into a more or less sheathing footstalk at the base. The upper leaves broadly oval. Flowers in a scarcely compounded terminal raceme. Pedicels hardly any. Bracteas ovate, greenish. Germen subglobose, green, tuberculated. Ca- lyx of 3 greenish, ovate, erect leaflets, pale at the margin. Exterior limb of the corolla of 3 lanceolate, acuminated, carinated segments, of a red- dish-brown colour, green at the extremity. Inner limb of the corolla having the upper lip of three erect, unequal, between lanceolate and spa- thulate, acute, entire segments, of a yellow color, spotted with red ; the intermediate segment the narrowest. Labellum linear, revolute, spotted on the inner surface with red, entirely yellow without. Filament in shape like the labellum, yellow, with a few spots of red, erect, revolute only at the extremity. Anther linear, yellow. Style linear, erect, of on^ uniform tawny colour. , Formerly, every individual of this genus which was culti- vated in our gardens, went under the appellation of Canna in- dica ; now, this name is scarcely so much as spoken of, and the true species thus designated seems to be almost unknown. By the true species, I would be understood to mean that of VOL. I. N Mr RoscoE, who first bestowed on C. indica, in the 8th vo- lume of the Linnean Transactions, a character by which it may be distinguished from its congeners ; and I have the sa- tisfaction of being able to say, that on Mr Roscoe's inspec- tion of the accompanying figure, he pronounced it to be a spot- ted flowered variety of his Canna indicay the original colour of which is wholly scarlet. The rarity of the individual in que- stion must plead my apology for introducing in this work a va- riation from the common type of a species, — a practice that will be avoided, in future, as much as possible. What plant was originally intended by Linn^us to bear the name of Canna indica, will now, perhaps, be never pre- cisely determined ; or rather, if one may judge from his refe- rences, that author had, more probably, no one particular species in view. Mr Aiton, in the first edition of the Hortus Kew- ensis, included four species, according to Mr Roscoe, under that name. In the second edition, Mr Roscoe's C. indica is taken up, and his specific character adopted ; but there is a re- ference to a figure in Redoute's Plantes Liliacees (t. 201.), which, having but two segments to the inner limb of the co- rolla, cannot belong to this plant, and which, though not quo- ted by Mr Sims in the Botanical Magazine, seems to me exactly to correspond with C. speciosa (t. 2317.) of that work. The Messrs Shepherd have lately informed me, that not even in their rich collection of Scltamineous plants at Liver- pool, are they sure of possessing, at this time, the true C. in- dica ; and that the present variety was quite unknown to them, as well as to Mr Roscoe. Fig. 1. Summit of a plant. Fig. 2. Germen and calyx. Fig. 3. Outer limb of the corolla. Fig. 4. Flower deprived of the Calyx and outer limb. — AU of the natural size. 54 CABDAMINE resedifolia. Mignonette-leaved Lady's Smock, TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.— Nat. Oed. CRUCIFERJE. Gen. Char. — Siliqua linearis mai-ginibus truncatis : valvis planis enervibus (elastice saepius dissilientibus), dissepimento angustioribus. — Br. in Hort. Ketv. Cardamine resedifolia; foliis inferioribus indivisis, superioribus triparti- tis pinnatisve stipulatis. — Br. C. resedifolia. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 913. — Jacq. Austr. App. t. 21. — ^Willd. Sp. PI. V. iii. p. 482. — Brown, in Hort. Kerv. ed. 2, v. iv. p. 104. — De Cand. Regn. Veg. Syst. v. ii. p. 250. Root small, and apparently annual, as it is stated in Hortus Kemensis to be : yet said by Allioni to be biennial, and by Willdenow perennial. Stems one or more from the same root, erect, slightly zig-zag, simple, from 2 to 4 inches high, glabrous. Lowermost leaves broadly ovate, upon long footstalks, undivided and entire ; the rest more shortly petiolated, more or less deeply pinnatifid, with from 3 to 7 lobes, the terminal lobe generally the largest, and glabrous ; sometimes the lateral lobes are so small that the leaves appear only in- cised at the margin ; all of them are glabrous, rather deep green. Flowers in small terminal corymbs, white. Calyx of 4 ovate, glabrous, erect leaflets. Corolla of 4 obovate, somewhat unguiculate petals, marked with lines. Stamens 6, tetradynamous. Pistil somewhat angular, co- lumnar. Stigma sessile. Pods nearly an inch long, erect, crowded. Valves bursting from below elastically. Seeds numerous, broadly ovate, almost orbicular, compressed. A pretty little alpine plant, not uncommon upon moist rocks in the mountains of Switzerland and Savoy, and on the Pyrenees ; but of rare occurrence in our gardens, where it would be well suited to ornament rock-work. Mr Shepherd was kind enough to communicate the spe- cimen here figured from Liverpool, in the month of June. . VOL. I. De Candolle mentions the affinity of this species with the Cardamine bellidifoUa, which is distinguished by its un- divided upper leaves, with very long footstalks, and that author even douhts^if the present individual may noj^ prove a luxuriant variety of it. Fig. 1. Plants^ nat. size. Fig. 2. Single flower. Fig. 3. Pistil. Fig. 4, Petal. Fig. 5. Pod with one of the valves springing back and shewing the arrangement of the seeds. Fig. 6. Single seed. Fig. 7. Embryo All more or less magnified. 55 POTHOS VIOLACEA. Violet-fruited Pothos. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. AROIDEJE. Gen. Char. — Spatha monophylla. Spadix cylindraceus, undique floribus tectus. Perianihium tetraphyllum. Bacca di-tetrasperma. Pothos violacea; foliis ovato-oblongis utrinque acutis reticulato-venosis trinervibus coriaceis subtus punctatis, spatha ovato-lanceolata acumi- nulata reflexa spadice breviore, pedunculo tereti. Pothos violacea, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. v. i. p. 270. — Willd. Sp. PL v. i. p. 685. — Ait. Hort. Km. ed. 2. v. i. p. 268. — Humb. et Kunth, iVov. Gen. V. i. p. 63. t. I9. This appears to be a climbing parasitical plant in its native forests. Stems, in our stoves, reaching to the height of 2 or 3 feet, slightly branched, knotted, throwing out from various parts of their whole length thickish fleshy roots, and sheathed, especially the younger shoots, with long nar- row green stipules, which remain withered, brown and lacerated, for a considerable time. Leaves alternate, about 5 inches long, ovato-oblong, acute at each extremity, marked with 3 nerves, the lateral ones obscure, and these connected by reticulated nerves ; coriaceous, dark green, paler and dotted beneath. Petioles about an inch long, cylindrical, thick. Spadix axiUary, or rather arising from the base of the petiole, scarcely an inch in length, cylindrical, situated upon a peduncle about as long as it- self, and furnished at the base with a spatha shorter than itself, ovato- lanceolate, acuminulate, reflexed, and with its margins decidedly re- curved. Flowers closely crowded, entirely covering the spadix. Each of these con- sists of 4 cuneate, truncated, hollow scales (perianth or calyx of most authors) surrounding the organs of fructification. Stamens 4 round each germen, one in each scale, and rising with its anther just above them. Filament remarkably dilated, white, semicylindrical at the very base. Anther terminal, its back turned to the pistil, didymous, 2-celled, the cells opening transversely, yellowish as well as the pollen. Germen spherical, rather longer than the stamens, 2-celled, with 4 ovules. Style none. Stigma with a longitudinal groove, spreading. Berries surroimd- ed at the base with the scales of the perianth, numerous upon the spadix, VOL. I. which is now much elongated, purple, semipellucid, depressed at the top, and marked with a small scar, the remains of the stigma ; 2-celled, 4-seeded. Seeds (as far as I can judge) pendent, attached to a large pulpy central receptacle, oblong, convex on one side, nearly plane on the other. Integument crustaceous, but covered with a soft white coat, spotted in lines minutely with red. Albumen fleshy. Embryo oblong, white, thickened and greenish at one extremity. The genus Pothos seems to be almost wholly confined to the warmer parts of South America. The present species is an inhabitant of the West Indian Islands ; and if the refe- rence to AuBLET, given in Willdenow, be correct, of Guia- na also. Brown met with it in Jamaica, in the woods about St Ann's Bay, where, he says, it sticks very close to the trunks of whatever trees it grows upon. Swartz gathered it upon the high mountains of the same country, and the celebra- ted travellers MM. Humboldt and Bonpland, between Carthagena de Indias and Mahates, in New Granada, flower- ing in October. I must observe, however, that the figure in the Nova Genera et Species Plantarum represents both the leaf-stalk and the pe- tioles of the spadix as considerably longer than in our cultiva- ted specimen. In our stoves, the Pothos violacea grows readily in com- mon soil, with a piece of stick set up in the pot, for its roots to strike upon, as in the parasitic and orchideous plants. It bears flowers and ripe fruit at the same time during the great- er part of the year ; the former are inconspicuous, from their greenish color and diminutive size, the latter remarkable for their delicate semitransparent and purple hue. Fig. 1. Portion of a plant, nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of the spadix. Fig. S. Single flower. Fig. 4. Leaflet of the perianth, with a stamen. Fig. 5. Stamen. Fig. 6. Germen. Fig. 7. Berry. Fig, 8. Section of a Berry. Fig. 9. Seed. Fig. 10. Section of a seed. — All more or less magnified. 56 OPHIOGLOSSUM petiolatum. P etiolated Adder' s-Tongue. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES Nat. Ord. FILICES. Gen. Char. — Capsulce nudae in spicam articulatam disticham connatae, uni' loculares, transverse dehiscentes, bivalves. — W. Ophioglossum petiolatum; spica caulina longe pedunculata, fronde ovatx>- acuminata laxe reticulata, basi longe attenuata. Root consisting of several whitish, simple, fleshy, flexuose fibres. Stipe 3 or 4 inches long, erect, flexuose, bearing a single terminal ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, waved, thin, membranaceous leaf or frond, which, when dry, is seen to be marked with large, oblong reticulations, which are scarcely visible in the living plant ; the base of this frond is suddenly contracted into a narrow channelled kind of footstalk. Spike originating from the base of the channelled petiole, pedunculated ; pe- duncle longer than the stipes, slender, erect, cylindrical ; spike itself li- near-lanceolate, compressed, consisting of numerous, distichous, coadunate spherical capsules, which in age burst transversely and contain a globu- lar mass of minute, yellowish granules. Living individuals of this species of Adder' s-tongue, at- tached to the roots of some plants from the West Indies, were received at the Liverpool Botanic Garden, whence Messrs Shepherd forwarded some excellent specimens to me, with the name of O. ovatum of Willdenow annexed to them. With the description of this author, the present individual, indeed, . in some respects corresponds ; but Bory de St Vincent, who found it in the Isle de Bourbon, and who is the original authority for the O. ovatum^ says expressly that it differs from the European O. vulgatum, in having a short- ly pedunculated spike, which hardly exceeds the length of the frond ; whereas one of the striking characteristics of the pre- sent species is the great length of the peduncle, whicli surpass- YOI,. I. es that of the stipes. The whole plant is more slender, its frond far narrower, and much more acuminated than that of O. vulgatum. The reticulation of the leaf, which is chiefly apparent in the dried specimen, exists equally in both species. The figure of Rumphius, in the Herbarium Amhoinense (v. 6. t. 68. f. 2.) which is cited by Willdenow, as a syno- nym to his O. ovatum, seems scarcely different from O. vulga- tum, the shape of its frond being almost precisely similar. Fig. 1. Plant, natural size, drawn from the living individual. Fig. 2. Figure drawn from a dried specimen and. Fig. 3. Barren frond, natural size. Fig. 4. Portion of a spike. Fig. 5. Cluster of seeds. Fig. 6, Seeds.-^ More or less magnified. 57 BEGONIA ULMIFOLIA. Elm-leaved Begonia. MONCECIA POLYANDRIA Nat. Ord. BEGONIACEM, BmpL De Cand. Gen. Char. — Mas. Cal. 0. Corolla poljrpetala. Petala, plerumque quatuor, inaequalia. FosM. Cal. 0. Corolla petalis 4-9, plerumque insequalibus. Styli tres, bifidi. Capsula triquetra, alata, trilocularis, polysperma. Begonia ulmifolia, Willd. *S^. PI. v. iv. p. 418. — Pers. Si/n. PI. v. ii. p. 56'4. Haw. Saxifr. Enum. 1821, p. 197- Stem two feet or more in height, declined, herbaceous, green, succulent, branched, beset with a few soft scattered hairs, which are deciduous be- low. Leaves large, handsome, alternate and distichous, petiolate, with large ovate stipules at the base, obovato-oblong, acute, unequal, in their lower half duplicato-dentate ; very glossy above, furrowed with veins, hispid with soft white hairs, deep green ; below paler, the nerves promi- nent, furnished with a few soft hairs. Petioles very much shorter than the leaves, green, hispid. Peduncles arising from the axils of the superior leaves, 4 to 6 inches in length, yet shorter than the leaves, twice forked at the extremity, each ramifica- tion bearing an umbel of mixed male and female flowers ; every general and partial flower-stalk is furnished with an ovate, membranaceous brac- tea, resembling the stipules. Male jlowers rather large, showy, white, or tinged with rose color, com- posed of 2 rounded, nearly plane, spreading petals. Anthers numerous, yellow, united at the base. Filaments rather long. Female Jlowers with a germen, which is triangular, pilose, and trialate, wings unequal ; one of them very large, white, veined, Avith a protruded, rather acute point ; the two others green, short, very obtuse. Corollas of 4 unequal, 2 small and ovate, and 2 large and rounded, white petals. Styles 3, bifid, curved : Stigmas 2-lobed ; all of them glanduloso-punctated, yellow-green. This Begonia, appropriately enough named ulmifolia by WiLLDENOW, makes a very handsome appearance in the stove, with its large glossy, distichous, luxuriant foliage, and its delicate, pale rose-colored flowers, which have bright yellow stamens. VOL. I. o It is a native of South America, and was first cultivated in this country, as it appears, by Mr Loddiges, previous to the year 1820. It flowers in December, at which season the specimen here represented was sent to me by my kind friend Mr H. Shepherd. To the same excellent cultivator, our Botanic Garden is likewise indebted for the possession of this species. Fig. 1. Male flower. Fig, 2. Stamen. Fig. 3. Female flower. Fig. 4. Style and stigmas. — All magnified. 58 PEPEROMIA RUBELLA. Red-stalked Peperomia. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._Nat. Ord. PIPERACEJE, Hvmh. et Kunth.^ PiPERETEEs, De Cand. — Urticis affinis, Juss. Gen. Char. — Spadix cylindraceus, floribus undique tectus. Stamina duo. Stigma indivisum. Bacca monosperma. Caulis herbaceus. — Humb. et Kunth. Peperomia rubella; pubescens, caule subdifFuso valde ramoso terete, fo- His subquaternis lato-ellipticis carnosis subtus convexis discoloribus, spadicibus terminalibus axillaribusque subsolitariis. Piper rubellum. Haw. in Revis. PL Succ. p. 3. Stems diffuse, and often throwing out runners at the base, cylindrical, red throughout, jointed, smooth, or only furnished with a very slight pu- bescence, sending forth roots from the lower joints. Leaves quaternate, occasionally quinate, or, from injury, only binate; broadly elliptical, very- fleshy, plane above, and dark green, very convex beneath, and red even to the uppermost ones, pubescent ; their general shape not unlike the fronds of Lemna gibba : in the older leaves the upper surface is of one uniform green color, but in the younger ones there are three pale nerves, one central and two marginal, whence branch out almost at right angles several small veins, forming a beautifully reticulated appearance ; petiole very short, red, pubescent. Spadices of flowers single, or two or three together at the extremity of the stems, or solitary at the axils of the superior leaves, about an inch long, slender, cylindrical, borne upon very short footstalks, pale green. Scales rather closely placed. Anthers 2, almost sessile, round. A very elegant little species, particularly so when its shoots put forth their new leaves, which are beautifully reticulated with yellowish lines, an appearance that almost wholly disap- pears with age. Our plants were received at the Glasgow Botanic Garden from the West Indies. None of the numerous species of VOL. I. Piper, described in Roemer and Schultes' extensive list seem to accord with this ; but it appears sufficiently to corre- spond with P. ruhellum of Ha worth. Fig. 1. Portion of a Spadix. Fig. 2. Scale, with its flower. Fig. 3. Leaf. -^AU more or less magnified. 59 EUPHORBIA COTINIFOLIA. Shumac-leaved Spurge. MONCECIA MONANDRIA (Dodecandria Trigynia, Linw.)_NAT. Ord. EUPHORBIACEJE, Jms. Gen. CvixVL.—Fl(yres masculi plurimi : Fcemineus unicus; plerumque in eo- dem involucre monophyllo, calyciformi, octo- vel decem-dentato. Flores masculi pedicellati, nudi. Flos fcemineus pedicellatus, nudus, perianthio instructus. Styli tres, bifidi. Capsula tricocca, coccis monospermis. Div. XXX. Dichotomce {Umhella bifida aut nulla). — W. Euphorbia co^iwi/o/ia; fruticosa inermis, foliis ternis longe petiolatis sub- rotundo-ovatis obtusis glabris, floribus terminalibus axillaribusque ternis. E. cotinifolia. Linn. Amoen. Acad. v. iii. p. 112— Willd. Sp. PI. v. ii. p. 892. --Ait. Hort. Kerv. ed. 2. v. iii. p. l60.— Humb. et Kunth, Nm. Gen. v- ii. p. 4)6. Tithymalus arboreus curassavicus, cotinifolio. Seba, Thes. v. i. p. 75. t. 46. f. 4. Stem shrubby; in our stoves 4 or 5 feet high, but, in its native country, at- taining, according to Humboldt, a height of 15 or 20 feet; abound- ing in a highly acrid, milky juice. Branches temate, slender, flexible, purplish. Leaves temate, placed upon slender footstalks, which exceed the leaves in length, rotundato-ovate, rounded, and very obtuse both at the base and at the extremity, resembling those of Rhus Cotinus, entire, soft and thin, veined, the young ones of a delicate green colour, the older ones partaking of a purple tint, but greener beneath. Fhwers rather sraaU, growing in threes, either terminal, or from the axils of the leaves (one from each axil), pedicellated. The pedicel has, general- ly, 2 pairs of connate, acuminate bracteas, and, within these, abortive flowers (?) mixed with still smaller bracteas. Involucre cup-shaped, green, pubescent, bearing at its margins 5 spreading, white, petaloid, broadly cuneate processes, jagged at the margins, and having, at their bases, each a large, green, broadly ovate, notched gland. Alternating with the base of these glands, is an upright, toothed, small scale. The involucre is pubescent within, and includes several male Jhwers, each a single pedicellated stamen, with a white filament, and a reddish, round- ed, didymous Anther; and one central pedicellated female fower or Ger- men, globular, obscurely 3-lobed ; its Style very short; Stigmas 3, bi- partite. VOL. I. Although introduced into this country so long ago as 1690, by the Earl of Portland, the Euphorbia cotinifolia seems still to be a rare and little known inhabitant of our gardens ; nor can I refer to any tolerably satisfactory figure of it, except the one in Seba's Thesaurus ; drawn, however, avowedly, from a dried specimen. That author tells us, that the natives of Curassoa poison their darts with the milky juice of this tree, and thus render the wounds inflicted by them speedily mortal, on account of the violent inflammation which imme- diately ensues. Most authors describe the leaves of this plant as being notched, which I do not, however, find to be the case ; nor have its flowers ever been correctly described. Indeed, these would appear to be of rare occurrence, since so many authors have ne- glected to notice them, and since MM. Humboldt and BoNPLAND, who found this plant in woods near Cumaua, Bordones and Caraccas, in South America, remark that they have not seen the blossoms. Cultivated in the Botanic Garden of Glasgow, where it forms a graceful shrub, whose purplish foliage mingles well with the vivid green of its accompanying inhabitants of the bark- pit. From a slight wound, or the rupture of one of its slender leaf-stalks, copious drops of the acrid juice flow out. It flowers in September. Fig. 1. Peduncle and involucre. Fig. 2. Involucre cut open. Fig. 3. Male flower. Fig. 4. Female flower — All more or less magnified. 60 SYNEDRELLA nodiflora. Sessile-flowered Synedrella. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA— Nat. Ojiij. COMPOSITMr Div. CorymbifeKjE, De Cand. — Synanthere/E, Trib. Heliantheje, Cassini. Gen. Char. — Involucrum diphyllum. Receptaculum paleaceum, glumaceum-. Semina planiuscula, margihata, bicornia, dissimilia, disci marginibus inte- gris, radii inciso-dentatis. Synedrella nodiflora. S. nodiflora, G^ertn. De FrucL p. 456. t. 171--— Rich, in Pers. Syn. v. ii. p. 4-72. Verbesina nodiflora, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1271. — Willd. Sp. PL v. iii. p. 2226. — ^AiT. HorL Kerv. ed. 2. v. 5. p. 121. An unattractive, herbaceous annual, with a fibrous root, and a cylindrical, glabrous, succulent, erect stem, about one foot or one foot and a half high ; often branched near the base, the branches opposite. Leaves in distant pairs, opposite, the upper ones the largest, 3 inches long, all ovate, rather acute, flaccid, roughish with pubescence, 3-nerved at the base, the margin serrated, the base attenuated into a longish footstalk, which is connate with the footstalk of the opposite leaf, and has its margins ci- liated below. Flowers axillary and terminal, sessile, single or 2 or 3 together, small. /«- volucre cylindrical, of 2 green, slightly hispid, erect leaflets, their extre- mities patent, acute. Florets fev/, yellow, each within a chaffy scale, of which the'outermost ones are large, and like the leaflets of the involucre ; the inner ones gradually smaller. Florets of the ray about 4, semifloscu- lose, scarcely longer than the involucres, tube slender, limb ovate, notch- ed : Stamens none. Germen ovate, with a broad and laciniated border, and, in the place of a pappus, two acute, serrated, longish, lanceolate teeth. Style bifid. Florets of the disk tubular, with 4 pubescent teeth. Anthers brown. Germen ovato-oblong, margined, the margin entire, terminated by two very long, almost setaceous teeth, nearly equal in length to the Floret. The seeds ov pericarps similar in shape to the Ger- men, but thicker, larger, and with the inner surface nearly plane and wrinkled, the outer one convex, smoothish. VOL. L This plant, cultivated in our gardens since 1726, was long considered as a Verhesina, but it differs from this genus both in its habit and fructification. Here the involucre is decidedly formed of 2 leaflets, each, indeed, inclosing a. female flower, and the fruit is of two kinds, that of the exterior florets being larger than the others, and having the margins curiously laci- niated. The receptacle has as many chaff-like scales as there are flowers, the outer one the largest, and gradually taking the form of the leaflets of the involucre. So that Gartner, who established the genus Synedrella, considered the scales of the receptacle as an inner calyx or involucre. He was mistaken in supposing that there were only 2 ligulate female florets. I generally have observed 4 in each flower, and Dillenius de- scribes 7 or 8 ; indeed, the inflorescence figured by the latter author in the Hortus Elthamensis, is far larger than any that has come under my observation. We received the seeds of this plant from the West Indies, of which it is a native ; and have cultivated it in the stove. The flowers appear in July and August, and the seed is plentifully produced, although some of the central tubular florets are fre- quently abortive. Fig. 1. Involucre with its florets. Fig. 2. Female or ligulate floret, with its scale. Fig. 3. Tubular or central floret, with its scale. Fig. 4. Peri- carp of a central tubular floret. Fig. 5. Pericarp of a female or ligulate floret. — All more or less viagnified. 61 PLEOPELTIS ANGUSTA. Narrow-leaved scaly-Fern. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES.— Nat. Ord. FILICES, Div. Gyeat^, Br. Gen. Char.— iSori subrotundi, dorsales. Invducra plura in quolibet soro, orbicularia, peltata.— JfiiMnfA, in Humb. et Bonpl. Nov. Gen. Pleopeltis angustar, frondibus longe stipitatis squamulosis profunde pin- natifidis, segmentis paucis lineari-lanceolatis nunc dichotomis, margi- nibus subrepandis. Pleopeltis angusta, Humb. et Kunth, in Nov. Gen. p. 9. tab. 1.— Willd. Sp. PI. V. 5. p. 211. Polypodium pleopeltifolium, Raddi, Si/n. Filic. Brazil, p. 8. JBoo/j numerous, brown, thrown out from a creeping, cylindrical, BCsAy caudex. Stipes from 2 to 5 inches in length, glabrous. Fronds 3 or 4 inches high, deeply cut into about 5 long, narrow, linear-lanceolate, at the margins somewhat repand, rather obtuse, segments, the upper segment gene- rally dichotomous. These have, both on their upper and imder sides, numerous small, scattered, ovate, orbicular, peltate scales, dark in the centre, pale at the margins, and rather deeply cut, reticulated, membra- naceous. The rackis or midrib is zig-zag, prominent, especially be- neath. The under sides of the segments, from the extremity to the base, have, on each side of the midrib, a row of closely placed, roundish-oval, promi- nent, brown sori or spots of fructification, of which I have not seen the inv lateral nerves. Sori or spots of fructijication, confined to the upper surface of the frond, roundish or oval, at first nearly plane, afterwards remarkably prominent; in ar early stage all the capsules are concealed by the numerous peltate involicres (Fig. 1.), which are similar in every respect to the scales just described upon the fronds, except that they are larger, uniformly orbi- cular, and their stalk is longer. In age, these involucres are either thrown off, or become so pressed and injured by the prptrusion of the capsules as to be indiscernible, and then the plant assumes altogether the appear- ance of a Poll/podium. Capsulei spherical, opening transversely, borne generally upon very long stalks. Seeds minute, reddish-brown. Tie genus Pleopeltis was established by Humboldt and BoNPLAND, in their Plantes JEquinoctiales, and one species VCL. I. alone, P. angusta, a Mexican plant, has hitherto heen descri- bed by authors. The present individual is a second species of Pleopeltis, which was gathered at the Cape of Good Hope, and communicated to me by Captain Carmichael, F. L. S. of Ap- pin, Argyleshire, a gentleman who has published an admirable account of the Island of Tristan d'Acunha, in the 12th volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society, and who is un- questionably the ablest hydrophytologist we have in Scotland. A third species of this genus I have received from Dr Wal- LiCH, and it is probable that others will yet appear, which have hitherto been confounded with Polypodium. The generic appellation of Pleopeltis is derived from many, and rsXrt]^ a scale, in allusion to the numerous scales or involucres, which, collected over one cluster of fructification, dis- tinguish it from Aspidium, in which, as is well known, the in- volucre is solitary. If, however, in the presence of scales, this genus comes nearest to Aspidium ; its general habit is so simi- lar to some of the Polypodia, that, with regard to the plant be- fore us in particular, it is hardly possible to discriminate it from the Polypodium lanceolatum of Willdenow, except when it is examined in a young state. At a more advanced period, the involucres disappear ; and, I may observe, that the resemblance is still more strengthened, by the circumstance of the fronds of Polypodium lanceolatum being equally beset with scales as those of our Pleopeltis. Fig. 1. Portion of a frond, with its scales and involucres. Fig. 2. Single scale of the Involucre, covering its numerous Capsules. Figs. 3, 3. Scales of the Frond. Fig, 4. Capsule bursting, and discharging the seeds.— more or less magnified. 63 PLEOPELTIS NUDA. Glabrous scaly-Fern. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES— Nat. Ord. FILICES, Div. Gybat^e, Br. Gen. Char. — Son subrotundi, dorsales. Involucra plura in quolibet soro, orbicularia, peltata. — Kunth, in Humh. et Bonpl. Nov. Gen. Pleopeltis nuda; frondibus indivisis iineari-lanceolatis rigidis nudis (squamulis nullis) basi apiceque attenuatis. Caudex and roots as in P. ensifoUa. Fronds numerous, from 6 to 10 inches high, linear-lanceolate, rigid, coriaceous, entire, slightly waved at the margin, the base attenuated into a very short stipes, scarcely more than half an inch in length, the extremity tapering gradually into a long nar- row point, destitute of scales on both its sides. Clusters of fructification forming a line on each side of the midrib, and ge- nerally reaching more than half-way down the frond, but not attaining nearly to its summit, roundish-oval, prominent even when covered with the involucres, and becoming remarkably so in age. Involueres nume- rous, small, membranaceous, reticulated, peltate, their margins bluntly toothed, dark brown, paler at the edges. Capsules and seeds similar to those of P. ensifolia. An inhabitant of Nepaul, communicated to me thence by my valued friend Dr Wallich, and unquestionably much al- lied to Pleopeltis ensifolia^ differing from it, however, in its longer, narrower, and, at the extremity, singularly attenuated, fronds; which are quite destitute of scales in all stages of growth, and have their involucres much smaller, of a darker colour, and never ciliated, but bluntly toothed at the margins. Fig. 1. Portion of a frond, with a cluster of Involucres. Fig. 2. Under side of the scale of an involucre, with its capsules. Fig. 3. Upper side of an involucre. Fig. 4. Capsule and seeds. — AU more or less magnified. VOL. I. 64 ALSTR(EMERIA pulchella. Red speckled-flowered Alstrcemeria. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._Nat. Ord. AMARYLLIDE^, Br.,^unth. NARCISSI, Div. III. Genera I^arcissa non omnino affinia.—Juss. Gen. CHAn.-^Perianthium corollaceum subcampanulaceum, sexpartitura, ir- regulare ; laciniis duabus interioribus basi tubuloso-Gonniventibus. Sta- mina sex, laciniis inserta, demum declinata. Stigma trifiduni. C^psula trilocularis, loculis polyspermis. Caulis erectus, scandens aut voluUlis,fo- liatis. Flores umbellatu — KuniJi. Alstrcemeria pidchella; caule ereeto gracili, foliis obovato-spathulatis lanceolatisque ciliatis, umbella multiflora, pedunculis bifloris, peri- anthii laciniis quatuor exterioribus obovato-spathulatis aequalibus serratis, duabus interioribus longioribus llneari.spathulatis integerri- mis. Alstrcemeria pulchella, Bot. Mag. t. 2353. (vix Linn.) Stem erect, scarcely climbing, slender, weak, between two and three feet high, simple, cylindrical, glabrous, subglaucous. Leaves scattered, dis- tant, those of the barren stems and the lower ones on the fertile stems broadly obovate, spathulate, submembranaceous, the lower petiolifor^n part tortuose, striated, subglaucous, the margin ciliated; the superior ones on the upper part of the fertile stem are lanceolate, more or less convolute and twisted. Umbel of about six rays, each of them 2-flowered. Flowers large, showy, and very beautiful. Pedicels about an inch long, and, as well as the pe- duncles, glabrous, somewhat glaucous, each subtended by a large con- torted leaf-like bractea, which, taken collectively at the base of the um- bel, form an involucre. The four exterior segments or leaflets of the perianth nearly equal, obovato-spathulate, erect at the base, spreading at the extremity, and there serrated at the margin, the point having a cal- lous appendage; their color a brilliant orange-scarlet; the two inner segments differ remarkably from the exterior ones, being nearly half as long again, erect, linear-spathulate, bright yellow-scarlet at the extre- mity, and entire, streaked throughout their whole length with dashes of deep scarlet. Stamens 6, inserted upon the receptacle. Filaments at first nearly straight, pale purplish, at length declined, their extremities in- curved. Anthers oblong, 2-celled, reddish-purple. Pollen yellowish. A VOL. i Germen somewhat triangular, with six prominent ridges, corresponding with the number of segments of the perianth, %/e subulato-filiform, longer than the stamens, triangular at the base and white, purple above terminated by three linear Stigmas. * Of this splendid species, seeds were received at our Botanic Garden during the year 1822 from Chili, of which country it is a native, and where they were collected by our valuable cor- respondent Mr Cruikshanks. In the summer of 1823, they blossomed in our stove, being planted in common soil, and plunged in the tanpit, where they continued for more than a week in great perfection. I had in vain searched through the descriptions of the se- veral individuals belonging to this genus, both in Humboldt and KuNTH's Nova Genera, and in Persoon's Synopsis, with- out being able satisfactorily to refer it to any of them, when I as- certained that it was figured and described by Dr Sims in No. 429. of the Bot. Mag. under the name of Alstr. pulchella, although not well according with the character of Linn^us's pulchella, a species which indeed no one seems to understand, and which appears to be discarded from the Flora. I readily therefore fol- low Dr Sims in the adoption of his specific name. It is remark- ed by that excellent author, that this plant is almost without a doubt the original Ligtu of Father Feuillee in the Fl. Peruv., although LiNN^us quoted that as a synonym and applied the name to a different species; and that any attempt to restore the original name would only create more confusion. The figure in the Botanical Magazine is professedly taken from a weak specimen, which will account for the difference in our two figures. Fig. 1. Summit of a flowering plant, natural size. Fig. 2. Leaves a ste- rile stem, or those of the lower part of a fertile one. Fig. 3. Single ^ov,ex,shghthj magnified. Fig. 4. Summit of a stamen. Fig. 5. Anther m the act of bursting. Fig. 6. Pollen. Fig. 7. One of the two inner segments of the perianth, exhibiting its convolute base, which circum- stance forms one of the characters of the genus. 65 ALSTR(EMERIA TRICOLOR. Tricolored Alsircemeria. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. AMARYLLIDE^, Br. Kunth. —NARCISSI, Div. III. Genera Narcissi non omnino affinia.-^uss. Gen. Char. — Perianthium corollaceum, subcampanulaceum, sexpartitum, ir- regulare; laciniis duabus interioribus basi tubuloso-conniventibus. Sta- mina sex, laciniis inserta, deraum declinata. Stigma trifidum. Capsula trilocularis, loculis polyspermis. Caulis erectus, scandens aut volubilis,fo' liatis. Flores umbellati. — Knntk. Alstroemeria tricolor ; caule erecto gracili foliis lineari-lanceolatis tortis glabris, umbella pauciflora (?) perianthii laciniis quatuor exteriori- bus obovato-spathulatis subconformibus brevioribus, duabus interio- ribus, paulo longioribus lineari-spathulatis omnibus serratis. Stem erect, simple, slender, glabrous, in our specimens a foot high, having a few distantly placed, lineari-lanceolate, glabrous, twisted leaves, which scarcely exceed two inches in length, their margins quite destitute of ci- liae. Umbel few-flowered, having at the base a three-leaved involucre, of which the leaflets resemble the cauline leaves, only that they are somewhat smaller. Flowers large in proportion to the size of the plant, handsome. Perianth of 6 leaflets, of which the four exterior ones are equal in size and nearly so in shape, obovato-spathulate, serrated at the extremity, pure white, with a deep spot of purple at the tip, just below the small white callous point : at the base these leaflets are connivent and erect, their apices spreading and even recurved : the two inner leaflets are somewhat longer than the outer ones, erect, linear-spathulate, ser- rated at the tips, slightly carinated,Vhite, with a purple jagged and broad band near the summit, and a yellow one beneath it ; the extreme apex is likewise purple, and there are several lines of the same color as the yel- low band, pointing downwards, and numerous smaller spots on all the lower parts. Stamens as in A. pulchella, but with the pollen greenish. Pistil and Style as in A. pulchella ; but the latter part shorter than the stamens. VOL. I Another beautiful species of Alstroemeria is here represent- ed, which flowered in the stove of our Botanic Garden at the same time with, and was derived from the same source as, the Al- stroemeria pulchella ; the native place of growth of both being Chili, whence their seeds were sent to us by Mr Cruikshanks. The present plant was unfortunately a weak one, and in all probability the umbel would have had a very different appear- ance, if the individual had been more vigorous. I am quite at a loss to refer it to any described species, and have therefore affixed to it a name indicative of the three distinct colors of its perianth. The general structure of the inflorescence is very similar to that of A. pulchella, but the color is widely different, and it has all the segments of its perianth equally serrated, with the two inner ones short in proportion to the outer ones, and the lowermost of these latter smaller than the other. Fig. 1. Summit of a plants natural size. Fig. 2. Flower deprived of its pe- rianth. Fig. 3. Superior leaflet of the perianth. Fig. 4. One of the late- ral leaflets. Fig. 5. Inferior ditto. Fig. 6.. One of the inner leaflets,— slightly magnified. 66 PEPEROMIA i^cANA. Hoary Peperomia. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA»_Nat. Ord. PIPERACEM, Hmb, et Kunth. Gen. Char. — Spadix cylindraceus, floribus undique tectus. FUrres herma- phroditi, singiilus squama sufFultus. Stamina duo. AntheroB uniloculares. Stigma indivisum. Bacca monosperma. — Kunth. Peperomia incana; incano-tomentosa, foliis alternis cordato-rotunda- tis acutiusciilis carnosis petiolatis, inferioribus subpeltatis, spadicibus terminalibus subsolitariis longissimis. Piper incanura. Haw. Suppl. PI. Succ. p. 2. — Link et Otto, Ft. Merdl. v. i. p. 17. t. 7. Stem erect, a foot or more in height, erect, simple or slightly branched, thick, fleshy, very downy. Leaved alternate, rather distant, from two to three inches long, thick, fleshy, rotundato-cordate, subacute, downy on both sides, especially on the upper surface, where it is of a darker green, and nerveless, below paler, and furnished with a prominent midrib and a few obscure oblique lateral nerves, petiolate, the petioles an inch or an inch and a half long, thick, fleshy, downy, terete, flattened only above, the superior ones inserted into an obtuse short sinus at the base, the lower ones inserted just a little within the margin at the base, where the mar- gin is slightly protruded, and the leaf is hence, in a measure, peltate. Spadices one or two at the extremity of the stem or branch, when fully grown from 6 to 8 inches in length, tortuose, cylindrical, attenuated towards the extremity : the florets very thickly crowded. Scales subquadrate, pel- tate, green. Germen placed almost entirely above the scale, small, iub- ovate, plane above. Stigma miniite, sessile. Stamen one on each side of the germen. Anther nearly of the same size with the germen, oblong, purple> 1-celled. Filament attenuated at the base. An interesting species, and admirably distinguished by its cordate, thick, fleshy, remarkably downy and hoary leaves. It was first described by Mr Ha worth, who stated it be a na- tive of Brazil, and mentioned that it had flowered in Kew Garden in the year 1815. From that valuable establishment VOL. I . it probably has, by the liberality of Mr Aiton, been distri- buted to other gardens, and it now is not uncommon in collec- tions. It blossomed in the month of May in the Liverpool Gar- dens, from whence our flowering specimen was received. Mr Haworth considers this Peperomia as allied to the P . velutinum of Humboldt and Kunth, v. i. p. 43. ; but that plant, besides being arranged among the true species of the genus Piper, is stated to be a tree of 30 feet in height, with its leaves ovato-oblong, acuminate, and unequally rounded at the base, and with spadices only half the length of its leaves. P. incana succeeds well if cultivated in the stove, and treated as the other species of the genus. Fig. 1. Portion of the spadix, with its florets. Fig. 2. Single floret with the scale. Fig. 3. Germen. Fig. 4. Stamen.—^// more or less magnified. 67 PEPEROMIA PERESKI^FOLIA. Pereskia-leaved Peperomia. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA—Nat. Ord. PIPERACEJE, Humb. et Kunth. Gen. CnxK-^Spadix cylindraceus, floribus undique tectus. Fkyres herma- phroditi, singulus squama suffultus. Stamina duo. Antherce uniloculares. Stigma indivisum. Bacca monosperma.-— TTaw/A. Vei^Tomm peresUafolia; caule erectiusculo, foliis ter senisque obova- tis acutis petiolatis trinerviis carnosis glabris, spadice terminali soli- tario. P. pereskiaefolia, Kunth, Syn. PL Mquin. Orb. Nov. v. i. p. 120.— Humb. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. i. p. 56. Piper pereskiaefolium, J acq. Coll. v. iv. p. 352.— Ic. Rar. v. ii. t. 212.— WiLLD. Sp. PL V. i. p. 167.— Vahl, Enmn. v. i. p. 352.— R(em. et Schultz, V. 1. p. 329 — Haw. Saxifr. Emm. &c. (1821) P. II. p. 3. Stems a foot or more in height, nearly erect, di- or trichotomously branched, striated, brownish-green, succulent, throwing out the rudiments of roots at the insertion of the leaves. Leaves two or three inches long, verticil- late, from three to six in a whorl, obovate, acute, carnose, glabrous and dark green above, below paler and three-nerved; the base running down into a footstalk, which is about half as long as the lamina. Spadix five or six inches in length, pedunculate. Peduncles cylindrical, gla- brous. Florets numerous, but not very closely placed. Scale peltate, ovato-elliptical. A?ither oblong, yellow, tapering down into a very short footstalk. Pollen white, minute, spherical. Germen small, obovate. Sttgma minute, appearing glandular when viewed under the microscope. Jacquin first described this species of Peperomia, as an inhabitant of the island of Veneznela, and Humboldt after- wards as being frequent near Caraccas and Cumana in South America, both in hot (calidis) and in temperate situations, at an elevation of between 30 and 300 toises, flowering in January VOL. I , and September. In our stoves it blossoms in the month of May, and it was at that season that the plant here figured was sent from the Liverpool Botanic Garden. Fig. h Single flower. Fig. 2. Stamen. Fig. 3. Pollen. — More or less mag- nified. 68 PRIMULA pusiLLA. Lesser Bird's-eye Primrose' PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA Nat. Okd. PRIMULACEJE. Gen. Char.— CaZ. 5-dentatus. Cor. hypocrateriformis tubo cylindrico, fauce pervia. Stigma capitatum. Capsula unilocularis, decem-dentata. Primula pusilla; foliis obovato-spathulatis repando-dentatis, subtus sca- poque farinosis, umbella pauciflora, corollas tubo calyce longiore, la- ciniis obcordatis dentatis, ore nudo. P. pusilla, Goj:.DiE, in Edin. Phil. Journ. for 1822, v. vi. p. 322. P. farinosa, Nutt. Gen. of Amer. PI. v. i. p. 119 " Muhlenberg's Cat. of N. Amer. PL ?" — Silliman's Journ. v. iv. p. BQ. Root perennial, fibrous. Leaves radical, oboyato-spathulate, the margins re- pando-dentate, their upper surface green, scarcely at all farinose ; the under one more or less mealy. Scape from two to four inches high, erect, mealy. Umbel of from four to eight farinose rays or peduncles, which are erect, slender, above an inch in height, at the base furnished with an involucre of about foxir minute lanceolato-subulate leaflets. Calj/x nearly oblong, of five rather longish^ erect teeth, patent when dry. Tube of the corolla longer than the calyx, cylindrical, yellow ; Limb of five obcordate, patent, flesh-coloured seg- ments. The mouth is deep yellow, destitute of teeth-like processes. Sta- mens five, inserted into the tube, sometimes having the anthers reaching to the summit, at other times are wholly included within the tube. Ger^ men x'oundish, glabrous. Sti/le filiform, rather shorter than the tube of the corolla. Stigma capitate, yellow. Primula pusilla is a species first characterised by Mr GoLDiE, in a memoir on some new and rare Canadian Plants, which was inserted by him in the 6th volume of the Edin- hui^gh Philosophical Journal, and the species is there distin- guished from the P. farinosa of our own country, and from the P. mistassinica of Lake Mistassins in America. From the former, it may be known by the decidedly spathulate and al- most stalked leaves, their far more distinctly toothed margins, and nearly naked upper surface. The limb of the corolla, too, has broader segments, and these are of a much paler color. The yoL. I B same characters, nearly, in the leaves, will serve to distinguish the P. pusilla from P. scotica; and with respect to the flowers, hesides their different color and form, those of the pre- sent plant have not the teeth at the mouth of the corolla, which are so evident in the P. scotica. From the P. mistassinica, it may be more difficult to de- fine this species : if, however, what is stated by Michaux concerning the former be correct, namely, that the whole plant is glabrous (by which I presume that he means destitute of fa- rma), and that the limb of the corolla is reflexed, there are surely enough of differences between them. Pursh was un- acquainted with P. mistassinica; but Lehmann, who de- scribes and figures it from a specimen communicated to him by JussiEu, retains all the characters laid down by Michaux. That delineation represents the leaves as considerably different from those of our plant, inasmuch as the lamina or broad part of the leaf is nearly rhomboidal, toothed only in the upper half. Soon after the publication of the memoir above alluded to, Dr ToREY of New York did me the favour to write to me some remarks on the species of American plants described by Mr GoLDiE in that paper. He observes, that the description of P. pusilla exactly agrees with specimens of a Primrose col- lected by Captain Douglass on the shores of Lake Huron, and that he considers it as the P. farinosa, (see Silliman's Journal, v. iv. p. 50.). Mr Nuttall, he says, found the plant m the same place (consequently it is the F. farinosa of the Genera of North American Plants), and that in Muhlen- berg's Catalogue, the P. farinosa is stated to be a native of Canada. The accompanying figure was taken from a living specimen which had been sent from Canada by Mr Kippin in the au- tumn of 1822, and being kept in its native soil, a loamy peat, in a large box, and placed under a common frame, it flowered well in the May following. It is rather larger than the wild specimens found by Mr Goldie near Montreal, and consider- ably^more so than the specimen figured in the Edinburgh Phi- losophical Journal. The first living plants of this Primula were introduced in- to our collections by Mr Goldie in 1819, and they flowered both in his garden at Ayr, and in that of P. Neill, Esq. near Edinburgh, in 1821. Fig. L Cultivated specimens of P. pusilla, iiatural size. Fig. 2. Single flower. Fig. 3. Calyx cut open/to shew the pistil. Fig. 4. Corolla, with the tube laid open,— i^fore or less magnified. 69 ORCHIS SPECTABILIS. Showy American Orchis, GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.~Nat. Obd. ORCHIDEM. Gen. CHAR.~CoroZ/a ringens. Labellum basi subtus calcaratum. Glatidulce (1-2) pedicellorum pollinis inclusas cucullo unico.— Br. Orchis spectahilis ; radicibus fasciculatis labello ovato indiviso crenato obtuso, petalis conniventibus, comu compresso clavato germine bre- viore, braxjteis flore longioribus, caule aphyllo. O. spectabUis, Linn. Sp. PI p. 1337— Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. p. 36— Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. v. ii. p. 587— Brown, in Horl. Kerv. ed. 2. v. 5. p. IQO. O. humilis, Mich. Fl. Amer. v. ii. p. 155. Root consisting of several thick, fleshy, brown, tortuose, simple, fasciculated fibres. Leaves two, opposite, both springing from the root, and from four to six inches in length, broadly obovate, obtuse, pale green, waved, glabrous, with a central nerve, and several parallel ribs or lines, most vi- sible on the underside ; the base tapers down into a long narrow kind of footstalk. The colour of the upper surface is of a rather deep, but yel- lowish-green, the under side paler. Scape about equal in length with the leaves, acutely quadrangular, or, ac- cording to NuTTALL, pentangular, (a circumstance perhaps depending on the number of flowers). In the present instance, the flowers are four in number, each subtended by a foliaceous, lanceolate bractea, longer than the flower. Petals of an uniform paleish purple color, conniving into a galea ; the two lateral ones ovato-acuminate, rather the largest and free ; the three superior ones united. The lip is large, pendant, ovate, narrowed at the base, obtuse, raised in the middle, the margins crenate, altogether of a yellowish-white color, or with a purple blotch running down on each side of the centre ; Spur pendant, about as long as the lip, linear, compressed, clavate at the extremity, pure white. Anther terminal, large, purple, 2-celled; each cell containing a pollen-mass ot duil green granules, forming the head ; and tapering down into a narrow pel- lucid footstalk, which is inserted into a gland. Germen linear, twisted, green, a little longer than the spur. VOL. I Roots of this plant were received at the Botanic Garden of Glasgow from Mr Kippin of Montreal, in the neighbourhood of which place it appears to be not uncommon, although it is also met with as far southward as New York and Carolina ; there, however, affecting shady and rocky situations upon the mountains. With us, it flowered during the month of May, being placed in a large box along with Primula pusilla, and kept in a common frame, wherein air was freely admitted. In the color of the flowers, this Orchis varies from purplish to a pure white ; and the size of the whole plant, as I perceive from specimens given me by Mr Boott, which were gathered in the neighbourhood of Boston, frequently exceeds double the dimensions of the individual here delineated. Fig. 1. Flower with the petals forced back, slightly magnified. Fig. 2. Single pollen«mass, muck magnified. 70 POGONIA OPHIOGLOSSOiDES. Adder' s-tongue Pogonia. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEJE. Div. Anth. terminalis inserta, persistens. Massce pollinis vel pulvereoe vel e cor- pusculis ahgulatis : bast vel infra apicem offixce. — Br. Gen. Cu\R.—~LabeUum sessile, cucullatum intus cristatum. Petala 5, dis- tincta, eglandulosa. Pollen farinaceum. — Br. in Hort. Kew. Pogonia ophioglossoides ; radice fibrosa, scapi folio bracteaque elliptico- lanceolatis, petalis exterioribus oblongo-ovatis. P. ophioglossoides, Bot. Reg. 1. 148 — Nutt. Gen. of N.Am. PI. v. ii. p. 591. Arethusa ophioglossoides. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1346. — Pursh, N. Am. Fl. v. ii. p. 591. Root composed of several thickish, fleshy, slightly downy fibres, some oi which are branching. Scape nearly a foot in height, erect, slender, terete at the base, the upper part compressed, triangiUar. Near the middle of the scape is a single, almost erect, elliptico-lanceolate, faintly-nerved, ra^ ther thick, coriaceo-camose leaf, of a yelloWish-^een color, sheathing at the base. Bractea single, similar in every respect to the leaf, but much smaller. FUmer single, terminal, large. Germen linear, oblong, triquetrous, straight, erect ; the rest of the flower nodding. Petals all concave, and directed forward, but not connivent, distinct to the very base, rose-colored : the three outermost ones oblongo-ovate, equal ; the two innermost larger^ ovato-elliptical. Lip longer than the petals, narrow, of a delicate pale rose- color, with oblique darker streaks, its base entire, and embracing with its involute margins the lower part of the column; its upper half dilated, concave, deeply toothed at the margin, the apex entire, waved : the whole length of the centre of the lip is beset with elevated papillae, purplish to- wards the apex, and glabrous, the rest yellow and downy. Column of fructification purplish, elongate, clavate, convex at thie back, plane in th6 front, where, towards the upper extremity, is situated the concave siib- quadrate stigma ; its upper margins slightly lacerated. Anther terminal, convex at the top, moveable, but fixed by its back between two teeth on the hind part of the column, with its lower part inserted into a hollow on the top of the column, 2-celled ; each cell filled, as it appears, with an uniform farinaceous pollen-mass. VOL. I This graceful orchideous plant is a native of North Ame- rica, extending from Canada * to Carolina, according to Pursh; and it appears from the account given of it in the Botanical Register (where a dwarf state of the plant is represented), to have heen introduced into our gardens about the year 1815 by Mr NuTTALL. The specimens here figured flowered in great perfection, along with the still rarer Habenaria hlepharigloU tis, in the garden of Dalhousie Castle, under the superintend- ance of Mr Archibald, from roots sent from Canada by Lady Dalhousie. This genus, as characterised by Mr Brown, comprises only a part of the species included in Jussieu's Pogonia, and is distinguished from Aretliusa, by the sessile labellum not con- nected with the column, by the petals being distinct to the base, and by the simply farinaceous, not angular pollen. Figs. 1, L Plants, natural size. Fig. 2. Front view of a flower, with the pe- tals spread open. Fig. 3. Column with the Anther closed. Fig. 4. Co- lunm with the moveable anther sprung back, but still attached by its back. Fig. 5. Pollen — All more or less magnified. • My valued fiiend Fhancis Boott, Esq. has enriched my herbarium with charm- ing specimens of the Pogotm ophioghssoides, from the vicinity of Boston. 71 DENDROBIUM riMBRIATUM. Fringed Dendrobiim. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA— Nat- Ord. ORCHIDEJE, Gen. Char — Labellum ecalcaratunij articulatum cura apice processus ungui- formis, cujus lateribus petala antica adnata^ calcar aemulantia. Masses poUinis 4, parallelae. — Br. "Dendrobium fimbriatum ; caulibus erectis fertilibus aphyllis, foliis lan- ceolatis striatis, racerais multifloris, labello iiuliylso oblique campa- nulato fimbriato, perianthii foliolis tribus extcrioribus basi obtuse calcaratis. Roots consisting of numerous, large, white, simple and fleshy fibres. Stem^ a foot or a foot and a half in length, about half an inch in diameter at the base, terete, tapering gradually towards the extremity, which is not a quarter of an inch in breadth ; zig-zag, jointed, the whole of the fertile stems, and the lower parts of the sterile ones striated with the membra- naceous sheathing remains of the bases of former years' leaves. The leaves themselves are confined to the upper extremity of the sterile branches, four or five inches long, lanceolate, alternate, striated, sheathing at the base. Raceme drooping, five or six inches in length, consisting of about six large and very beautiful ^wer*, which are entirely of a rich fulvous or tawny co- lor. The three exterior segments of the perianth are the smallest, about an inch long, ovate, spreading, their margins entire, and, as well as the extremities, more or less rolled back, united at the base, and prolonged into a very obtuse ascending spur; the two inner segments broadly ovate, very obtuse, somewhat undulated, the margins more or less recurved, and minutely ciliated : t-ip large, pendent, obliquely campanulate, the base scarcely forming a tube, the mouth very much spreading, and ijoost beautifully fimbriated at the margin, the base running down into the spur behind. Germen pedicelliform, slightly swollen upwards, and furrowed, not twisted. Column of fructijication yellow, very short. Stig" ma large, square. Anther yellow, large, forming a sort of operculum on the summit of the column, and attached, by means of a filament near its summit at the back, to the top of the back part of the column ; two- celled ; and containing two pollen'masses, each of which is oblong, yeU low, waxy, divided by a longitudinal line. VOL. I', Among the many valuable plants which, in the month of April last, I had the gratification of seeing at the rich Botanic Garden at Liverpool, under the superintendance of my kind md valued friends the Messrs Shepherd, none interested me more than that which I have figured in the accompanying plate. It was cultivated, along with many other choice tropi- cal orchideous plants, with a degree of success which I have never before witnessed in this charming family, and this effect- ed by no very peculiar mode of treatment. The grand secret seemed to be in placing them near the light, and in supplying ^ them with a considerable degree of heat and plenty of water : to which I may add, that those which had long and rather trailing stems, were slightly attached to the back wall, whence they appeared to derive a degree of moisture and of nourish- ment which was useful to them. This is the second * species of this beautiful genus which Mr Shepherd is so fortunate as to have had in blossom ; and the individual was, as in the first instance, received from Dr Wallich of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, being probably a native of woods in that neighbourhood. In the general struc- ture of its flower, the Dendrobium fimhr latum bears consider- able affinity with D. Pierardi ; but the color of this is wholly different, being entirely of a deep and bright fulvous orange hue. The lip is very short, scarcely forming a tube, most ele- gantly fimbriated at its margins, and the two internal leaflets of the perianth are finely ciliated. Fig. 1. Flowering stem. Fig. 2. Sterile stem, natural size. Fig. 3. Back view of a flower. Fig. 4. Column of fructification, with the spur, and a portion of the Germen. Fig. 5. Column of fructification, with the An- ther-case separating from the top of the column, but adhering by its fi- lament. Fig. 6. Pollen-masses. Fig. 7- Portion of the fimbriae. — All more or less magnified. * The first is the D, Pierardi^ figured at t. 9. of the 1st volume of this work. 72 VANDA? TRICHORHIZA. Hairy-rooted Vanda. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA—Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEM. Div. Anthera termiiialis, mobilis, decidua. Masses poUinis demum cereacece.^Br. Gen. Char. — Labellum calcaratum, cum basi simplici (breviusve producta) cohcmnce apterae continuum, trifidum, lobo medio carnoso. Petala paten- tia, distincta. Masses poUinis 2, oblique bilobse. — Br. in Bot. Reg. t. 206. Vanda frichorhiza; labello ecalcarato, petalis lineari-lanceolatis subaequa- libus, foliis teretibus. Plant, as it would appear, parasitic upon the trunks of trees, and throwing out long simple fleshy roots, which are covered with numerous soft and somewhat silky hairs. Stem, in the present individual, eight or ten inches in length, erect, slightly flexuose, cylindrical, and producing rather dis- tantly placed cylindrical fleshy and obtuse alternate leaves, about four or five inches in length, sheathing at the base. Flowers small, collected into a cluster from the axil of one of the leaves, and inserted by the base of their long pedicelliform germens upon a small swelling or tubercle. Petals five, all of them nearly linear-lanceolate in form, and of a tawny color, obscurely streaked with red; the three superior ones curved over the sum- mit of the flower, but distinct, the intermediate one somewhat the short- est ; the two lowermost ones rather the broadest, united below, placed un- der the lip, and liaving their base united with it. Lip scarcely longer than the upper petals, in the lower part narrower, deeply grooved, and purple above, convex and green beneath, the rest of it deep purple, some- what cordate, recurved, obscurely 3-lobed, the middle lobe the smallest, and obtusely emarginate. Germen long, slender, tapering at the base, scarcely twisted. Cdiimn deep purple, rather short, subcylindrical, ha- ving in front the rhomboid, concave, viscid Stigma, and at its upper ex- tremity a whitish, soft process, protruding from beneath the Anther, the top of the column covered by the convex," subhemispherical, obscurely 2-lobed and 2-celled deciduous Anther. On the removing of the Anther appear the two deep yellow broadly obovate pollen-masses, of a substance between waxy and corneous, and having on their posterior side a somewhat lunate and oblique groove or furrow ; their bases are inserted on a cuneiform, white, subpellucid gland, and VOL. I C this again adheres to another, larger and subquadrate, of nearly the same texture, and which formed the process above mentioned (proscoUa, Rich.) on the top of the stigma. Although I have ranked this genus under Vanda,\l feel great doubt as to the propriety of so doing. The habit of the individual is unquestionably that of F. teretifolia of Lindley, and the flowers have also some affinity, especially in the struc- ture of the anther and pollen-mass. But that plant the author considers as a doubtful species of the genus, and both are cer- tainly very different in general appearance from the Vanda Roxhurghii and V. paniculata, which are the original species that Mr Brown's generic character was intended to embrace. The main point, however, wherein the present individual differs from the generic definition of Fanda, as laid down by Mr Brown, is the want of a spur to the iabellum. In this plant, too, there seems to be a remarkable disposition in the arrangement of the petals, of which the three superior ones curve over the upper part of the flower, whilst the two lower ones are applied to the under side of the Iabellum, their bases being united with it. The plant here figured was received by Messrs Shepherd, at the Liverpool Garden, from Dr Wallich, and by those gentlemen kindly communicated to me. Fig. 1. Back view of a flower. Fig. 2. Front view of the same. Fig. 3. Column of fructification, with the stigma and anther. Fig. 4. Column of fructification With the anther (Fig. 5.) removed, and shewing the pol- len-masses. Fig. 6. Pollen-masses attached to their gland, and by means of it to the larger gland which formed the upper point of the stigma— All more or less magnified. 73 SCHIZANTHUS pinnatus. Pinnated-leaved Schizanthus. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA (DIANDRIA, Fa«.)— Nat. Oed. PERSON ATM, Brown, Juss. Gen. Char. — Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla bilabiata, resupinata; labio superiore quinquepartito, inferiore tripartito. Stamina quatuor, duo ste- rilia. Capsula bivalvis, bilocularis. — Vahl. Schizanthus pinnatus, " Ruiz et Pav. Fl Peruv. v. i. p. 13. t. I?."— -Vahl, Enum. V. i. p. 17I. — Bot. Mag. t. 2404. Stem annual, green, erect, cylindrical, hairy with glandular pubescence, branched, the branches dichotomous. Leaves oblong, more or less deep- ly pinnatifid, with the segments oblong, obtuse, entire or again pinnati- fid, with a few glandular hairs, dark green. Bracteas to the upper flowers two to each pedicel, unequal, subovate, more or less toothed or incised. Flowers from the axils of the branches solitary, or forming terminal racemes, not unfrequently secund. Pedicels about an inch long, slender, erect, afterwards reflexed. Calyx very deeply cleft into five, spathulate, obtuse, gianduloso-pilose segments, recurved at the extremity, afterwards en- larging and becoming more foliaceous. Corolla about an inch broad, very handsome, 2-lipped- The tube very short : the upper lip very large, spreading out into five cuneate segments; of these the four lateral ones are bifid, their segments acutely notched and suberose, white at their base, the rest of a more or less deep purple colour, delicately veined at the back ; the upper or central one oblongo-ovate, bluntly notched at the ])oint, and somewhat toothed and ciliated at the margin : the palate pro- minent, yellow with deep purp.e spots, perforated. Lower lip tripartite, Avith dark violet-colored segments, white at the base; of these the two la- teral ones are falcate, plane, slightly ciliated at the inner margin ; the in- termediate one obcordate, slightly ciliated, its sides incurved. Stamens four, two fertile, inserted in the tube on the lower side of the corolla, shorter than it, with the filaments subulate, pubescent at the base, purplish, terminated by an ovate, 2-lobed, dark green Anther, with yel- lowish pollen ; and two sterile stamens inserted upon the upper side of the tube ; their Jilaments shorter than those of the fertile ones, pubescent, the Anthers abortive, and forming small white capitate extremities. The Gertnen is small, green, ovate ; Style long, filiform, purple, reaching be- yond the fertile stamens, glabrous; Stigma small, capitate, whitish, VOL. I Capsule scarcely so long as the persistent calyx, oval, crowned with the style, and opening by two valves. Receptacle of the seeds central, longi- tudinal, attached one on each side of the dissepiment. Seeds numerous; reniform, punctato-rugose, dark brown. Albumen waxy. Embryo im- mersed in the albumen, curved, the radicle directed towards the hilum of the seed. It would require a plate of a far larger scale than the limit- ed size of this publication will possibly allow, to do justice to the beauty of the long branches of this plant, loaded as they are with numerous and lovely flowers. All that is attempted here, is to give a figure of a small sprig (which, together with some of the dissections, are from the pencil of Mr Greville), and such details as may convey an idea of the structure of the flowers and fruit *. Dr Graham, who imparted to me specimens from the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, received the seeds from Chili, through the same channel f as those of the Calceolaria figured in this Number. The plant appears to be annual ; and, after bearing a profusion of blossoms during the whole month of May, Dr Graham tells me that it is yet, in the end of June, covered with new buds, in all stages of growth ; so that a more desirable inmate for the Greenhouse can scarcely be conceived. The color of the corolla is liable to vary in point of intensity, and also in size ; some being even larger than tliose here repre sented ; and the leaves in the depth of their ultimate divisions, Fig. 1. Back view of a flower. Fig. 2. Front view of the same. Fig .'3, Front view of the corolla. Fig. 4. Anther. Fig. 5. Stamen, with the cells of the Anther burst. Fig. 6. Pollen. Fig. 7- Calyx and pistil. Fig. 8. Pistil. Fig. 9. Capsule, nat. size, enclosed within the calyx. Fig. 10. Capsule removed from the calyx. Fig. 12. Capsule with the valves open, shewing the receptacle of the seeds. Fig. 1 1. Seeds, natu- ral size. Fig. 13. Seed, magnified. Fig. 14. Section of seed, shewing the Albumen and Embryo. — All but Fig. ?■ 9- and 12. mo7'e or less mair- mfied. * This has come to perfectioi? in the Botanic Garden of Edinburgh, in the montl» of July. ■f Mr Cruikshanks, a resident in Chili. 74 SCHIZOPETALON Walkf.ri. Walkers' s Schizopetalon. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.—Nat. Ord. CRUCIFERM. Gen. Char. — Siliqua linearis, stigmate subsessili. Cotyledones, singiilo hi- partiio ! spii'aliter tortae. Pctala pinnatifida. Schizopetalon Walkeri. S. Walkeri, Sms, in Bot. Mag. t. 2379. Stem from a foot to a foot and half in height, erect or spreading, cylindrical, branched, branches subvirgate, simple, flexuose ; the whole covered with minute branched and stellate pubescence. Leaves varying from one to three or four inches long, linear-lanceolate, tapering at the base, the smaller ones subserrate or almost entire, the larger sinuato-pinnatifid ; both kinds rough with branched pubescence. Flowers in terminal racemes, subcorymbose at first, afterwards decidedly ra- cemose. Pedicels nearly an inch long, erecto-patent, slender, furnished with a linear hraclea, which is inserted near the base. Calyx of four li- near-oblong, erect, closed leaflets, equal at the base, the back green, pu- bescent ; the margins membranaceous or diaphanous. Corolla of foui* cruciform petals. Claws rather long and linear ; liinb lanceolate, white, channelled in the middle above, somewhat keeled and greenish below, the margin pinnatifid, with three or four narrow linear segments on each side. Stamens six, four longer and opposite, approximating in pairs, but still shorter than the claws of the corolla, the two others opposite and somewhat shorter. Anthers linear, sagittate, yellow. At the base of the stamens are four small green ovato-lanceolate shining glands. Pistil columnar, very pubescent, less so on the margins of the septum. Style extremely short, green, subglabrous. Stigma capitate, yellow, with a vertical furrow, so as to appear shortly 2-lipped. Pod nearly erect, lineai*, somewhat swollen in the middle, pubescent. Valves convex. The margins of the dissepiment somewhat prominent. Seeds eight or ten in each cell, placed in two rows. Seed'Stalk rather thick, short. Seeds pendent, ovato-rotundate, compressed, dotted in lines. Embryo when removed from the seed so compactly and spirally twisted, that it is unravelled with difficulty. When untwisted, each cotyledon, in itself very long and linear, is seen to be cleft almost down to the very base into two equal filiform portions of a bluish-green colour. The ra- vor,. 1 dick is long, curved upwards, and, as it appears, towards the rima of the cotyledons, but the extreme intricacy of the lobes of these, prevents my speaking with confidence upon that point. Through the great kindness of my friend Dr Graham, I am enabled to give a more full analysis of the parts of fructi- fication in this most singular plant than has hitherto appeared, and, what gives me peculiar pleasure, (since the organ was un- known to Dr Sims, and was therefore omitted in his generic character given in the Botanical Magazine), of the embryo of the seed. This is not only curiously and spirally twisted, even more so than in the division of the Cruciform family denomi- nated by De Candolle Spirolobece and Diplecolobece ; but, what is, as far as I know, as great an anomaly in the cotyledons as the pinnatifid petals are in the corolla of this tribe, each co- tyledon is bipartite ; so that there are four lobes or segments instead of two. The blossoms, which are fragrant, their scent resembling that of Hawthorn flowers, were produced from seeds sent from Chili by Mr Cruikshanks, in the greenhouse both of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Botanic Gardens, during the month of May, in great profusion. The individual figured in the Bo- tanical Magazine blossomed in Mr Walker's collection in November, a circumstance which may account for the diminu- tive size of its petals. Fig. 1. Flowering branch of a stem. Fig. 2. Portion of a branch with the lower leaves. Fig. S. Single flower. Fig. 4. Leaflet of a calyx. Fig. 5. Back view of a petal. Fig. 6. Stamen and Pistil. Fig. 7. Gland from between the stamens. Fig. 8. Germen. Fig. Q. Pod. Fig. 10. The same with a valve removed to shew the seed. Fig. 11. Hairs. Fig. 12. Seed. Fig. 13. Embryo. Fig. 14. Embryo, in part unravelled. — All more or less magnified. 15 CALCEOLARIA paralia Glandular-stalked Slipper-flower. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._Nat. Ohd. SCROPHULARINJE, Juss. Br. Kunth. Gen. Char.— Ca/y^ quadripartitus. Corolla bilabiata : labium inferius in- flatum, calciforme. Cop^M/a semibivalvis: valvulis bifidis. Fahl. Calceolaria paralia ; caule erecto superne dichotomo paucifolio gland u- loso-piloso viscido, foliis crenato-dentatis pubescentibus, radicalibiis ovatis petiolatis, caulinis oblongis sessilibus. Calceolaria paralia, « Cavan. Icon. v. 5. p. 29. t. 44?." Vahl, Enutn. v. i. p. 176..^ Stems a foot or a foot and a half in height, bearing a few leaves, erect, slen- der, reddish, pilose, the upper part dichotomously divided, and glandu- loso-pilose. Leaves mostly springing from the root, large, three or four inches long, ovate, rather obtuse, bluntly and irregularly dentato-crenate, distinctly veined, the veins prominent on the under surface, the base somewhat cuneate, entire, and gradually tapering into a footstalk of about an inch in length. One pair, rarely two, of small opposite leaves, about an inch long, are placed upon the stem below its divisions; when two, the lowermost are generally oblong, those nearest to the forking of the stem more or less cordate, both sessile ; all of the leaves are more or less pubescent, the younger ones, especially beneath, almost tomentose. Flowers rather numerous, large and showy, arranged in a subcorymbose, terminal, dichotomous, glanduloso-pilose, and viscid panicle; at the base of each division is placed a pair of sessile, opposite, cordate or lanceolate, pubescent, foliaceous bracteas, the uppermost ones the smallest. In each dichotomy is, besides, one (rarely two) pedicellate flowers. Calyx dark green, of four ovate, spreading, at length reflexed, lacinije, which are, as well as the pedicels, glanduloso-pubescent, and have their margins revo- lute. Corolla of a fine deep yellow tint, 2 lipped; the upper lip small, arched over the organs of fructification, and pointed; the lower one stand- ing out horizontally, very large, slipper-shaped, contracted at the base, broad and obtuse at the pointj the margins singularly ihVolute, the ex- tremity hidden within and acuminate, having internally a few parallel lateral deep orange-coloured lines, which are seen in a degree externally. Stamens two. filaments short, erect, white, subulate, attached to the somewhat prominent base of the corolla, and fixed by a broad and rather bulbiform base. Anthers pale yellow. Cells divaricating. Pollen v/hite. subglobose, often appearing, when dry, and seen under the high power of a microscope, as if marked with a central line. Pistil small. Germen rotundo-ovate, green, glandular, 2-celle(I ; cells many-seeded. Style short, straight, almost subulato-cyHndrical, glabrous. Sligma subacute. VOL, I The genus Calceolaria, almost entirely confined to the western parts of South America, established by Feuillee, in his Flora of Peru, and adopted by Linn^us, was for a long time supposed to contain but two species, the C. pinnata and C. integrifolia of Smith. Lamarck, in his Encyclo- p^die, enumerated eight species ; Willdenow has nine ; Vahl has, principally through the labours of Cavanilles, Ruiz and Pa von, increased their number to fifty-four ; and to these the celebrated travellers Humboldt and Kunth have recently added twenty; making in all seventy-four species which are now described by systematic authors. Till lately, only the Calceolaria pinnata and the rare C. Fothergillii have been known in our gardens. Now we have the scabioscefolia of Sims in the Botanical Magazine, the beautiful individual here represented, and still another *, which Dr Graham in- forms me is now about to flower in the magnificent garden un- der his charge at Edinburgh. With regard to the present individual, it is not without some hesitation that I have referred it to the C. paralia of Cavanilles, whose description is quoted in Vahl's Enume- ratioy but whose figure I regret to say that I have it not in my power to consult. His character, however, sufficiently ac- cords with my plant, except that the " capsule" and " whole plant" can scarcely be termed tomentose. Excellent flowering specimens of this plant, with a drawing by Mr Greville, from which most of the accompanying en- graving was taken, were sent to me, in the month of May, by Dr Graham, from the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, where several of the plants have flowered very freely, continu- ing a long time in beauty, and where, as far as I know, the species alone exists. The seeds were communicated to Dr Graham by Mr Cruikshanks, and another gentleman re- siding near the river Quillota in Chili. Fig. 1. Single flower. Fig. 1. Vertical section of a flower. Fig. 3. Anther and pistil. Fig. 4. Calyx and pistil. Fig. 5. Section of the germen. Fig. 6. Pollen. — AU more or less magnified. • This, I believe, Avill prove to be the Ca/c. rugosa of Vahl's Enumeratio. 76 TRICHOMANES membranacea. Membranaceous Bristle-Fern. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES._Nat. Ohd. FILICES. Gen. Char Sorus marginalis receptaculo columnari saepius setiformi in- sertus. Indiisinm urceolato-campanulatum, monophyllum, erectum, so- rum includens. — W. Trichomanes membranacea; frondibus subsessilibus oblongis flabelli- formibusque integris incisisve, basi cuneatis, marginibus (sterilibus) peltato-squamosis. T. membranacea, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1560.--Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 141.— Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. V. iii. p. 1724.— Willd. Sp. PI v. 5. p. 499.— Smith, Rees' Cyclop. Filix Hemionitis Lichenoides americana fungi auriculis Caesalpini aemula, radice repente, Pluk. Aim. p. 155. t. 285. f. 3. Caudex several inches in length, creeping, flexuose, tomentose, brown, throw- ing out several branched and somewhat downy fibrous roots. Fronds several from the caudex, varying remarkably in size, and scarcely less so in form, from half an inch to three inches long, oblong or fan-shaped or rounded, with their margins nearly entire, or cut into more or less deep, oblong and very irregular laciniae ; the base, however, always cuneate and entire. In the sterile fronds, and in the sterile segments of the fertile ones, the margin is beset with numerous small, peltate, umbilicated, pale brown, sessile, membranaceous scales, which appear to be either abortive invo- lucres, or themselves young fructifications, and corresponding with the membranaceous lips of the involucres. The structure of this frond is extremely delicate and beautiful, composed of numerous slender veins which diverge or radiate from the narrow base towards the circumfe- rence, while the spaces between them are occupied with smaller and even more delicate transverse veinlets or bars. The color is a glossy brownish green or olive, and the whole has not unaptly been compared by Sir James Smith to a Bat's wing. Involticres (indusia, W.) at the extremity of the segments of the frond, nu- merous, narrow, urceolate, thick and fleshy, immersed in the frond, and nothing appearing beyond it but the two submembranaceous lips, form- ing the somewhat expanded mouth. Sari inclosed within the urceolus, inserted upon the somewhat swollen base of the long, much protruded, VOL. I. filiform receptacle. Capsules sessile, fixed by their centre, reticulated, furnished with a large, transverse, entire, elastic annulus. This most elegant and distinctly-marked species of Tricho- manes, is probably a native of several of the West Indian islands. I first received specimens from Jamaica through Sir James Smith and Mr Shepherd ; and lately very abundant and luxuriant plants of it have been sent to me from St Vin- cent's, gathered on old trees by the Reverend L. Guilding at an elevation upon the mountains of 2000 feet above the level of the sea. Fig. 1. Plant, natural size. Fig. 2. Portion of a fertile frond. Fig. 3. In- volucre cut open to shew the sorus and receptacle. Figs. 4, 5. Capsules. Fig. 6. Portion of a sterile frond, with marginal peltate scales All more or less magnified. 77 TiENITIS GRAMINIFOLIA. GrasS'leaved Tcenitis, CEYPTOGAMIA FILICES.— Nat. Ord. FILICES. Gen. Char.— iSoTM* linearis^ continuus, quandoque interruptus, longitudina- lis, inter costam et marginem exteriorem frondis situs. Indusium nullum. Taenitis graminifolia ; frondibus simplicibus furcatisve lineari-lanceola- tis integerrimis glabris. Grammitis graminoides, Sw. Si/n. Fil. p. 22. t. 1. f. 5. ? Root consisting of numerous blackish much branched and rigid fibres^ which are here and there downy. Fronds 4 or 5 inches in length, erect or a little curved, destitute of stipes, of a linear-lanceolate form, attenuated at the base, and slightly so at the extremity, which is frequently forked, the segments divaricating, of a pale green colour ;|furnished with a slen- der central dark purple-colored or almost black glabrous midrib, and se- veral oblique parallel lateral veins ; the margin is wholly entire, the apex rather obtuse. The Fructification, consisting of innumerable capsules, destitute of invo- lucres, appears on each side of, and close to the midrib, the midrib in two parallel lines at the back of the frond, occupying about an inch and a half or two inches of the upper extremity ; in the forked fronds al- ways running down considerably below the segments in uninterrupted lines. As the fructification advances, it covers the whole midrib, and appears to constitute only one line of capsules. These capsules are sphe- rical, reticulated, brown, pedicelled and annulated, as in Polypodium. I am not quite satisfied that the present fern belongs pro- perly to the genus Tcenitis of Willdenow, which is stated to have the line of fructification " inter costam et marginem exteriorem frondis ;" by which is probably meant that it should be distinct both from the midrib and margin, near the centre, whereas the fructification is here placed close to the midrib; and unquestionably in one continued line, as may be seen in the young state of the capsules, (Fig. %), Hence this plant cannot VOL. I. be a Grammitis, which is characterised by Mr Brown as ha- ving the sori, " venula unica insidentes, axi obliqui." Whether or not the Grammitis gramimides of Swautz, above cited, be the same with the individual here figured, it is not easy for me to say. Its habit is similar ; but it does not attain to more than half the size of the Tcenitis graminifolia, not exceeding two inches in height, and it has the line of cap- sules very much shorter, forming an oblong cluster, " costam mediam sen nervum terminans." I am, however, still much inclined to consider that plant as a small state only of the pre- sent ; and if so, it unquestionably is not a Grammitis. The specimen here delineated was given to me, along with many other rarities, particularly of the Fern tribe, from the island of St Vincent's, by my friend the Reverend Lands- down GUILDING * Fig. 1. Plant, natural size. Fig. 2. Extremity of a simple frond with young fructifications. Fig. 3. Extremity of a forked frond, with old fructifica- tions covering the midrib. Fig. 4. Capsules. — All more or less magnified. * I have, since the above was in the press, received the same plant, through the kindness of the Baron De Schack, from the Island of Trinidad. 78 GRAMMITIS SERRULATA. Serrated Grammitis. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES— Nat. Ord. FILICES. Gen. CHAR.~/S'on lineares, recti, sparsi, venula unica insidentes, axi obliqui. Involucrum nullum. — Br. Grammitis serrulata ; frondibus linearibus dentatis soris versus apicem frondis demum confluentibus. G. serrulata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 22 — Schkhuhr, Fil. p. 9- 1. 7— WiLLD.,5p. PI. V. 5. p. 141. Asplenium serrulatura, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. v. iii. p. I607. Acrostichum serrulatum, Sw. Prodr. p. 128. Roots composed of many slender, wiry, dark brown, branching fibres. Caw- dex slender, filiform, creeping, somewhat downy, scarcely distinguishable from the fibres of the root. Fronds several together, tufted, from two to four inches high, almost destitute of a stipes, linear, attenuated at the base, and scarcely a line broad in the greatest diameter, glabrous, blunt- ly dentato-serrate at the margin, furnished with an evident midrib, and, arising from this, several parallel oblique simple nerves. From the uppermost of these nerves appear the oblique oblong sort; one on each nerve, which, as they advance in age, become confluent, and then appear to occupy the whole of the under side of the extremity of the frond, which becomes somewhat contracted and less distinctly toothed. This is the only difference between the fertile and the sterile frond. Capsules brown, annulated and pedicelled. This pretty little fern is described by Swartz as an inha^ bitant of Jamaica, growing among mosses at the roots of trees. The Reverend Landsdown GuIlding (finds it in St Vin- cent's, on the Soulfri^re and other mountains, abundantly, and has communicated the specimen from which the accompanying figure was taken. VOL. I. Professor Raddi, in his Synopsis of the Ferns of Brazil, mentions the Grammitis serrulata as an inhabitant of that country ; but if I may judge from the plant which he has been kind enough to send me under that name, it is the same with the G. myosuroidesy likewise a native of Brazil as well as of the West Indies. This last differs from our plant in the pinnatifid, not den- tate frond, and is certainly very closely allied to it, if it be not in reality a variety. Fig. 1. Plant, natural size. Fig. 2. Portion of a frond with fructifications, some of which have become confluent. Fig. 3. Portion of a frond with young fructifications. Fig. 4. Capsule and seeds All more or less mag- nified. 79 RUTA ALBIFLORA. White-flowered Rue. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, (DECANDR. rTi/W.)*— Nat. Ord. RUTACEJE. Gen. Char. — Cal. 4-5-partitus. Petala concava. Germen glandulo melli- fero auctum. Caps, lobata. Ruta alhiflora ; foliis bipinnatis, pinnulis obcordatis, floribus tetrapeta- lis, petalis obovatis integerrimis (albis), genuine pedicellato. Plant woody and apparently perennial, about a foot in height, forming a small, but handsome branching shrub : Stems and branches cylindrical, slightly tuberculated and hairy. Leaves numerous, crowded, glaucous, slightly hairy, bipinnate; Leajkts obcordate, rather thickish, having semipellucid glands, most apparent on the under side ; the whole giving out, when bruised, a smell similar to that of the Common Rue. Panicle terminal, compound, graceful; peduncles and pedicels slender, slight- ly hairy, each having a smallish obovate leaf-like bractea at its base. Flowers slightly drooping, the terminal one upon the branchlets rather the largest, pure white. Calyx small, persistent, of one piece, deep- ly cut into four ovate, spreading divisions, glandular on the outside, and notched at the margin. Petals four, obovate, erecto-patent, cadu- cous. Stamens mostly six in number, sometimes seven, sometimes eight, unequal in height, some exceeding the length of the corolla, others shorter than it, with white filaments and yellow anthers, and inserted around the base of a cup-shaped, rather large, fleshy nectary, of a whitish color, and toothed at the margin with small, glandular, obtuse, yellowish processes ; a few of which are seen on the back of the nectary. From the centre of this nectary arises the pedicellated germen, shorter, however, than the petals, deeply four, sometimes five, rarely three-lobed, glan- dular, each, just below the extremity, bearing a filiform style, which uniting with the others, seem in a measure incorporated, so as to form only one. As these germens advance to maturity, -they spread open, still, however, adhering by their styles for a time. Ovules six or eight in number, placed in two rows (some of them generally proving abor- tive) ; the more perfect ones or unripe seeds, ovate, striated and dotted ; inserted upon a small, spongy, roundish receptacle in the front of the cell. VOL. I. This interesting little species of Rata, so unlike all the others with which I am acquainted, in the general appear- ance and color of the flowers, has, nevertheless, the same struc- ture of leaves, and the same smell with the rest of its congeners. The number of the parts in the species of this genus seems to be very variable ; but the stamens appear to me to be more fre- quently eight than ten. In regard to the generic character, too, there seems to be some obscurity ; at least in this species I do not find " puncta mellifera," which are described as existing on the receptacle. There is indeed a remarkable gland or nec- tary surrounding the base of the germen, as in the other species of Ruta; but here there are no distinct pores. The germen is pedunculated, which I do not find to be the case with other Rutae, and the styles, though united, so as to appear but one, are in reality four, or as many as there are lobes to the germen ; and these are frequently separated as the lobes diverge, in the cap- sules'advancing to maturity. It is the only species with which I am acquainted that has white flowers. The present individual flowered in the month of June of this year in the garden of my valued friend P. Neill, Esq. at Canonmills, near Edinburgh, and was raised, among other rari- ties, from seeds which were received from Nepaul. Fig. 1. Single flower. Fig. 2. Flower deprived of its petals and stamens. Fig. 3. Nectary, from which all but one stamen are removed. Fig. 4. One lobe of the germen. Fig. 5. Young capsule (natural size J. Fig. 6. Single lobe of the Capsule. Fig. 7. Single lobe cut open to shew the insertion of the seeds, {a, the scar of the stigma) All but Fig. 5. more or less magnified.