EXOTIC FLORA, CONTAINING FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW, BARE, OR OTHERWISE INTERESTING ESPECIALLY OF SUCH AS ARE DESERVING OF BEING CULTIVATED IN OUR GARDENS ; TOGETHEK WITH nSMARKS UPON THEIR GENERIC AND SPECIFIC CHAltACTERS, NATURAL ORDERS, HISTORY, CULTURE, TIME OF FLOWERING, c^C BV WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, LL.D. F.R.A. & L.S. MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY NATURE CURIOSORUM ; OF THE WEENEEIAN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH; OF THE GEOLOGICAL AND HORTI- CULTURAL SOCIETIES OF LONDON ; OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY OF RATIS- BON; of THE HELVETIC SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY; OF THE PHYSIOGRA- PHICAL SOCIETY OF LUND : OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETIES OF CAMBRIDGE, AND YORK; OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA; HONO- RARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY ; OF THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK, ^C. ^C. AND REGIUS PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. VOL. IL EDINBURGH : PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BLACKWOOD, EDINBURGH; AND T. CADELL, LONDON. MDCCCXXV. p. Ncill, Printer, Edinburgh. INDEX ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED, TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMES CONTAINED IN THE SECOND VOLUME OF THE EXOTIC FLORA. (Comprising Part VI. to XX. inclusive.) Plate Plate Acrostichum appendiculatum, TV. 108 Colutea herbacea, W. * 84 viviparwm, Ham. MSS. 108 Commelina dubia, Jacq. 94 Adiantum caudatum, JV. 104 Convolvulus spiihamcBm, W. 97 hirsutum, W. 104 Cranichis luteola, Sw. 103 Anisopetalum Careyanum, Hook. 149 Cuscuta verrucosa, Roxb. 150 Aspidium articulatum, Schk. 117 ConvaUaria oppositifolia, Lodd. 125 nodosum, W. 117 Cymbidium bituberculatum, Hook. 116 Balsamina setacea, Hook. 137 Dendrobium album, Hook. 142 Banksia verticillata, Br. 96 — . 1- Barringtonise, Sw. 119 Baptisia nepalensis, Hook. 131 Harrisonise, Hook. 120 Begonia hirta. Wall. MSS. 89 polpstachion, Sw. 103 picta, Sm. 89 racemiflorum, Sw. 123 Berberis aristata, DC. 98 Diospyros vaccinioides, Lindl. 139 Chitria, Buck. 98 Epidendrum BarringtonicB, 119 sinensis, Desf. 98 minutum, Aub. 103 Braya alpina, Stern. 121 Epidendrum ? moiiophyllum, Hook. 109 Bromelia nudicaulis, L. 143 ? polybulbon, Siv. 112 Calceolaria integrifolia, L. 99 Ficus nitida, Thunb. 111 rugosa, R. & P. 99 Habenaria blephariglottis, Hook. 87 Callicarpa longifolia, Lam. 133 dilatata. Hook. 95 Callistegia spithamjea, Pursh, 97 gracilis, Colebr. MSS. 135 Carolinea alba, Lodd. 100 marginata, Coh W. IMSS. 136 Catasetiim tridentatum, Hook. 90, 91 orbiculata, Hook. 145 Chalcas paniculata, Lam. * 134 tridentata, Hook. 81 Chiococca racemosa, L. 93 Heteranthera grarninea, ValJ, 94 Chrysiphiala pauciflora, Hook. 132 lantha pallidiflora, Hook. 113 Coccoloba divei-sifolia, Jacq. 102 Impatiens setacea, Colebr. MSS. 137 INDEX. Plate Plate Impatiens trilobata, Colehr. MSS. 141 Piper maculosum, L. . . 92 Loasa tricolor, B. M.? 83 Pleurothallis coccinea, Hook. 129 — — nitida, Lam. 83 raceraiflora, Li-ndl. MSS. 123 Leptanthus gramineus, Mich. 94 ■ Polybotrya vivipara, Ham. MSS. 107 Lessertia annua, DC. 84 Polypodium plantagineum, Jacq. 114 Monarda Russelliana, Nutt. 130 Polystachia luteola, Hook. 103 Monotropa uniflora, W. 85 Potentilla nepalensis, Hook. 88 Murraya paniculata, Mai. Misc. 134 Pothos acaulis, Jacq. 122 OEnothera serrulata, Nutt. 140 Prescotia plantaginifolia, Lindl. 115 — speciosa, Nutt. 80 Primula Palinuri, Jacq. 118 Orchis blephariglottis, W. 87 prcenitens, B. R. 105 .. dilatata, Pursh, 95 sinensis. Sab. 105 - orbiculata, Pursh, 145 Rhipsalis Cassutha, Gcertn. 2 - tridentata, Muhl. MSS. 81 Roscoea purpurea, Sm. 144 Ornithocephalus gladiatus, Hook. 127 Schizanthus porrigens. Hook. 86 Pachysandra coriacea, Hook. 148 Schollera graminifolia, W. 94 Parkeria pteridoides, Hook. 147 Scutellaria parvula, Mich. 106 Paullinia meliifolia, Juss. 110 Talinum ciliatum, R. &, P. 82 Peperomia maculosa, Hook. 92 Trichnia odorata, Andr. 128 variegata, R. & P. 92 Trizeuxis falcata, Lindl. 126 Pholidota imbricata, Hook. 138 Trixis senecioides, Hook. 101 INDEX, ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED, TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMES CONTAINED IN THE FIRST AND SECOND VOLUMES OF THE X EXOTIC FLORA. (Comprising Parts I. to XX. inclusive.) Plate Plate Acrostichum appendiculatum, W. 108 Begonia lucida, Haw. - 17 Acrostichum serrulatwm, Sw. 78 pictte, Sm. 89 Acrostichum viviparum, Ham. MSS. 108 ulmifolia, W. - 57 Adiantum caudatum, W. 104 Berberis aristata, DC. 98 hirsutum, W. 104 • Chitria, Buch. 98 Ageratum conyzoides, W. 15 heterophylla, Poir. 14 Alstroemeria pulchella, Sims, 64 1. sinensis, Desf. 98 tricolor, Hook. 65 . tricuspidata, Sm. MSS. 14 — — — pulchra, Sims, (under the Braya alpina. Stem. 121 name of C. tricolor), 65 Bromelia nudicaulis, L. 143 Anemia humilis, Stv. 28 — — pallida, Kerr, 41, 42 repens, Raddi, 28 Cactus pendulus, Sw. 2 Anisopetalum Careyanum, Hook. 149 Cactus truncatus, Hook. 20 Arethusa ophioglossoides, L. 70 Caladium bicolor. Vent. 26 Arum bicolor. Ait. 26 seguinum, W. 1 Arum seguinum, L. - - 1 Calceolaria corymbosa, Cav. (under the Asarum arifolium, Mich. 40 name of C. paralia), 75 Aspidium articulatum, Schl. 117 — — — — integrifolia, L. 99 nodosum, W. 117 • paralia, Cav. 76 WaUichii, Hook. 5 rugosa, R. 8c P. 99 Asplenium serrulatum, Sw. 78 Callicarpa longifolia. Lam. 133 Balsamina setacea. Hook. 197 Calypso americana, Br. 12 Banksia verticillata, Br. 96 borealis, Sal. 12 Baptisia nepalensis. Hook. 131 Calystegia spithamaea, Pursh, - 97 Begonia argyrostigma, Fisch. 18 Canna indica. Rose. var. maculala, 53 hirta. Wall. MSS. 89 —— gigantea, Red, 47, 48 I- humilis, Ait. 17 iiii-iw paiensy Roxb. 47,48 INDEX. Plate Plate Caprifolium pubescens, Hook. 27 Hcteranthcrci gratninca^ Vahl^ - 94 Cardamine resedifolia, L. 54 Hvdrocotyle nitidula. Rich. 29 Carolinea alba, Lodd. 100 nepalpnsis Hook ■ 30 dussythd buccifcrcty J\^illM 2 lantha pallidiflora, Hook. 113 Catasetum tridentatum, Hook. 90, 91 ItTipaiiens setacea^ Colebr. ]\XSS- 137 Chalcas paniculata. Lam. - 134 luipaiieTis trilobata, Colebr. IV^SS* 141 Chiococca racemosa, L. - . 93 Leptanthus gramineus, Jifich. 94 Chrysiphiala pauciflora, Hook. 132 Lessertia annua, DC. - 84 Coccoloba diversifolia, J acq. 102 Limodorutn boreale, IV. 12 Colutea herbacea, W. 84 Loasa tricolor, B. M.? 83 Commelina duMa, Jacq. 94 nitida. Lam. - - 83 Convolvulus spiihamcBus, W, 97 Lobelia micrantba. Hook. - 44 CTdTiichis lutcolu^ Sw. l03 TiV^nnnnmin riATiriT'AinpnTYi IVTif^ 7 Cuscuta verrucosa, Rooeh. 150 ohscKritTn L 7 « Convallaria oppositifolia, Lodd. 125 Megasea ? ciliata. Haw. 49 Cymbidium bituberculatum. Hook. 116 JVIonarda Russelliana, Nutt. - 130 IflncifoHuro JJook 51 JVTonotropa uniflora, TV. - 85 Cipripedium bulbosum, L. 12 Murraya paniculata, Mai. Misc. 134 Cypripedium insigne. Wall. 34 Neottia procera, Nutt. 39 1 venustum U^all 35 Neottia speciosa. 3 4 Dalea bicolor, W. 43 CEnothera serrulata, Nutt. 140 Dendrobium album, Hook. 142 speciosa, Nutt. 80 Barriii"toni"e Sit' 119 Opbioglossum petiolatum, Hook. 56 fimbriatuin Hook 71 Ophrys lutea, Cavan. - 10 — Harrisoniae, Hook. 120 Orchidium boreale, Sw, 12 — Pierardi, lioxb. 9 Orchis blepliariglottis, IV. • 87 103 i—- : racemiflorum^ Sw. 123 — — — hzimilis, jyiich. - 69 Diospyros vaccinioides, I.indl. 139 — orbiculata, Pursh, « 145 Donia ciliata, Nutt. 45 Doodia aspera, Br. 8 tridentata Muhl MSS 81 caudata, Br. 25 Ornlthidium coccineum, Sal. 38 Dorstenia arifolia, Latn. 6 Epidendvwm BaTringtonicB^ 119 Omnf'inm nnnjifir»iim /" v^x Lid tic LiXli, JLj. mimituTTi Aitbl 103 Osbeckia crinita, Sw. JVXSS» Epidendrum nutans, Sw. 50 stcllata HaTii JEpiphyllum truncatum. Haw. 20 nepalcn^i*^ Hook 31 Euphorbia cotinifolia, L. r 59 Osmunda humilis, Cav. 28 hypericifolia, L. 36 Pachysandra coriacea. Hook. 148 Ficus nitida, Thunb. 111 Parkeria pteridoides. Hook. 1 47 Goodyera procera. Hook. 39 Paullina melitefolia, Juss. 110 Grammitis serrulata, Sw. 78 Peperomia blanda, Humb. * 21 Grammilis graminoides, Sw. 77 incana. Hook. 66 Habenaria blephai-iglottis, Hook. 87 • maculosa. Hook, 92 ' dilatata, Hook. 95 variegata, R. & P. 92 gracilis, Colebr. MSS. 135 pereskisefolia, Kunth, 67 . marginata, Colebr. MSS. 136 polystachia. Hook. 23 orbiculata. Hook. 145 quadrifolia, Humb. 22 — — — — tridentata, Hook. 81 rubella. Hook. Hedychium spicatum, Sm. 46 Pholidota imbricata, Hook. 58 138 Hemionitis palmata, L. 33 Pinguicula edentula, Hook, 16 INDEX. Plate Piper blandum, J acq. • • 21 incantim, Haw. - - 66 pereskuBfolium, Jacq. - 67 polystachion. Ait. - - 23 quadrifolium, Sw. * - 22 rubellum, Haw. - • 58 maculosum, L. - - 92 Pleopeltis angusta, Humb. - 61 ensifolia, Carm. - 62 nuda, Hook. - 63 Pleurothallis coccinea, Hook. - 129 racemiflora, Lindl. MSS. 123 Pogonia ophioglossoides, Kew. - 70 Polybotrya vivipara, Ham. MSS. 107 Polypodium plantagineum, Jacq. 114 Polystachya luteola, Hook. - 103 Potentilla nepalensis, Hook. - 88 Pothos acaulis, Jacq. - - 122 violacea, - - 55 Prescotia plantaginifolia, Lindl, 115 Primula Pallnuri, Jacq. - 118 prcenitens, B. R. - 105 pusilla, Hook. - - 68 sinensis, Sab. - - 105 Rhipsalis Cassutha, Gcertn. - 2 Roscoea purpurea, iSm. - - 144 Plate Ruta albiflora, Hook. - - 79 Sarracenia pst/tocina ? Mich. • 13 rubra, Walt. - 13 Saxifraga ligulata, Wall. - 49 Schizanthus pinnatus, R.&P. - 73 porrigens, Hook. - 86 Schizopetalon VValkeri, Sims, - 74 Schollera graminifolia, W. - 94 Scutellaria parvula, Mich. - 106 Serapias lingua, L. - - 11 Stylidium laricifolium. Rich. - 32 tenuifoliutn, R. Br. • 32 Synedrella nodiflora, GcBrtn. - 60 Tsenitis graminifolia, Hook. • 77 Talinum ciliatum, R. 8c P. • 82 Tillandsia arruBna^ Lodd. * 41, 42 Trichilia odorata, Andr. - 128 Trichomanes elegans, Rudge, • 52 membranaceum, L. 76 Trixis senecioides, Hook. - 101 Trizeuxis falcata, Lindl. - 126 Vanda ? tricorhiza, Hook. - 72 Velleia lyrata, R. Br. - - 24 spathulata, Juss. - 24 Verbesina nodiflora, L. . . 60 Woodwardia caudata, Cav. - 23 ENGLISH INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME OF THE EXOTIC FLORA. Plate Plate' Acrostichum, appendaged 108 Habenaria, white fringe-lipped 87 Anisopetalon, Dr Carey's 149 lantha, pale flowered 113 Balsam, fimbriated 146 Leptanthus, grass-leaved 94 three-lobed ^ 141 Lessertia, annual 84 Balsaminea, bristle-leaved 137 Loasa, shining-leaved 83 Banksia, whorl-leaved 96 Murraya, few flowered 134 Baptisia, Nepal 131 Maiden-hair Fern, attenuated 104 Barberry, aristate 98 Ornithocephalus, sword-leaved 127 Bear-bind, small upiight 97 Pachysandra, Nepal 148 Begonia, party-coloured 89 Parkeria, Pteris-like 147 Bergamot, narrow-leaved 130 PauUinia, Azederach-leaved 110 Bird's-nest, drooping flowered 85 Peperomia, spotted stalked 92 Braya, alpine 121 Pholidota, imbricated 138 Bromelia, leafless-stalked 143 Pleurothallis, racemed 123 Callicarpa, long-leaved 133 red flowered 129 CaroHnea, white flowered 100 Polybotrya, viviparous 107 Catasetum, tridentate 90, 91 Polypodium, Plantain-leaved 114 Chrysiphiala, few-flowered 132 Polystachia, pale-flowered 103 Cymbidium, bituberculated 116 Potentilla, Nepal red-flowered 88 Dendrobium, downy flowered 124 Pothos, stemless 122 large flowered 119 Prescotia, Plaintain-leaved 115 .. . Mrs Harrison's 120 Primrose, Palinurian 118 white flowered 142 splendid Chinese 105 Diospyros, Vaccinium-like 139 Roscoea, purple flowered 144 Dodder, warted East Indian 150 Schizanthus, spreading 86 Epidendrum, one-leafed 109 Sea-side Grape, various leaved 102 : bulb-bearing 112 Shield-Fern, knotty-stalked 117 Evening Primrose, serrulated leaved 140 Skull-cap, small American 106 Slipper-flower, sage-leaved 99 Fig, shining-leaved 111 Snow-Berry Bush, 93 Habenaria, marginated 136 Solomon's Seal, opposite-leaved 125 round-leaved 145 Talinum, ciliated 82 135 Trichilia, sweet-scented 128 . tall green flowered 95 Trixis, Groundsel-like 101 tridentate 81 Trizeuxis, falcate 126 80 (ENOTHERA speciosa. Large white-flowered Evening-Primrose. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIi^ ^Nat. Ord. ONAGRARIM, Juss. Gen. Char. — Calj/x quadrifidus, tubulosus. Petala quatuor. Capsula qua- drilocularis, quadrivalvis, cylindrica, infera. Semina nuda. — W. (Enothera speciosa; puberula, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis dentatis sub- pinnatlfidis, racemo nudo primo nutante, capsulis obovatis angulatis, caule sufFruticoso. — Nutt. CE. speciosa, Nutt. in Journ. of the Acad, of Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 119. Stem, in our plants about four feet in height, slender, weak, flexuGse, sulFru- ticose, rough with minute pubescence, cylindrical, green, slightly branch- ed. Leaves distant, scattered, broadly lanceolate, attenuated at the base, denticulato-serrate at the margin, acute, nerved, glabrous above, minute- ly pubescent beneath. Flowers in terminal racemes, at first drooping. Peduncle very short, with a small, narrow, foliaceous bractea at the base. Calyx superior, tubular at the base ; the limb of four linear segments, but adhering for the greater part of their length, opening only on one side entirely, to admit the expansion of the corolla, and standing out nearly horizontally. Petals four, placed , upon the summit of the tube of the calyx, very large, obversely cordate, spreading, waved, pure white, yellow at the base, and sending upwards several yellowish-green, slightly diverging nerves, becoming rose-colored previous to decay. Stamens eight, inserted just within the tube of the calyx. Filathents nearly equal in length to the corolla, erect, alternately shorter. Stamens long, linear, placed transversely, with their centre on the top of the filament. Pollen yellow, cohering together, and hanging attached to the stamens stigmas and style, in great abundance, after the bursting of the cells. Germen inferior, subclavate, but slightly attenuated at both ends and quadrangular, pubescent. Style filiform, longer than the stamens. Stigmas four, spreading cross-wise, linear, afterwards pen- dent. VOL. II. No author appears to have known this fine species of CEno- thera, till Mr Nuttall discovered it on the plains of the Red River, in the Arkansa territory of North America, flowering in the months of June and July, and afterwards described it in the work above, quoted. It was in 1821 raised from seeds brought from the Arkansa, at the Garden of the University of Philadelphia, by Mr Dick, and that gentleman was kind enough to communicate some of the seeds which ripened under his care, to the Botanic Garden of Glasgow. Our plants blossomed in the greenhouse in the beginning of July, making a very showy appearance, and emit- ting a delightful fragrance, which, like some of the other spe- cies of this genus, is most powerful in the evening. The CE. speciosa promises to be a great acquisition to our collec- tions, especially if, as is very probable, it should be found ca- pable of bearing the open air in this climate. The flowers continue many days in perfection, but are most fully expanded at the approach of night. Fig. 1 . A flower deprived of the petals, very slightly magnified. 81 HABENAE.IA tridentata. Tridentate Habenaria. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEm. Gen. Char.-— Cor ringens. Labellum basi ecalcaratum. Glandulce pollinis nudae distinctse (loculis pedicellorum adnatis vel solutis distinctis).— Br. Habenaria tridentata; petalis conniventibus, labello subaequali late ovato obtuse tridentato, cornu filiformi curvato germine longiore. Orchis tridentata, Muhl. MSS. — Willd. Sp. Pl. v. iv. p. 41. — PtjrsHj FLof N. Am. p. 587. Root consisting of a few thick, whitish, subfasciculated, fleshy fibres. Stem a foot or more in height, erect, straight, furrowed, furnished near the middle with two or three moderately sized, oblongo-lanceolate, striated leaves ; below with about as many submembranaceous or foliaceous scales, whilst in the upper part are two or three small bracteiform leaves. Spike oblong, of rather few, somewhat distantly placed, small, greenish- white flowers, accompanied by lanceolate bracteae, which are about equal in length with the germens. The five petals are connivent ; of these the two innermost are the smallest ; the three outer ones broadly ovate, concave ; the lateral ones embracing with their margin the lower part of the lip. Lip standing out horizontally, about equal in length with the petals, broadly ovate or somewhat quadrate, cut at the extremity into three very short and obtuse teeth, and protruded at the base into a long filiform white spur, curved upwards, and subclavate at the extremity ; this is rather longer than the germ en. Germen oblong, somewhat gibbous at the base, angu- lar, slightly twisted. Column very short. Stigma extremely small, convex, Anther large, terminal, 2-celled : the cells distant at the base, and contain- ing each a clavate yellowish pollen-mass, whose glands of the footstalk are naked, and set apart or distant from each other. Another North American plant, for the introduction of which, from Canada, we are indebted to the zeal and perseve- rance of Mr GoLDiE. In general habit, its greatest affinity is VOL. II. with our Hahenaria alhida ; but, on examining the flowers minutely, abundant distinctive characters will be found. My friend Mr Boott has detected the same species, and has communicated beautifully dried specimens to me from near Boston, in new England. The individual from which the ac- companying figure was taken, flowered in the garden at Monk- wood Grove, from roots imported by Mr Goldie. Fig. 1. Single flower. Fig. 2. Flower, deprived of the 5 petals. Fig. 3. Column of fructification and lip. — All more or less magnified. 82 TALINUM ciLiATUM. Ciliated Talinum. POLYANDRIA (DODECANDRIA) MONOGYNIA, WW—Nat. Ord. PORTULACE^. Gen. Char. — Calyx di-pentaphyllus. Capsula supera, tri- sex-valvis, unilo- cularis, polysperma. — Sm. in Rees. Talinum ciliatum; foliis lineari-siibspathulatis ciliatis, floribus corym- boso-racemosis bracteatis, caule angulato. T. ciliatum^ " Ruiz et Pav. Fl. Chil. et Per." — Pers. Syn. PI. v. ii. p. 7. An annual plant, as it appears, of about a foot and a half in height. Stems erect or decumbent, weak, angular, red and branched below, above green- ish, scarcely and only here and there pilose. Leaves scattered, from one and a half to three inches long, linear, frequently subspathulate, acute, more or less patent, the extremities frequently recurved, the upper surface channelled, the lower subcarinated, especially near the base, where it is reddish, the margin distinctly ciliated. Florvers at first in terminal leafy corymbs, at length in racemes, of a bright and deep purple, pedicellated. Pedicels about half an inch long, thick- ened upwards, subpilose at their base, which is decurrent, having a large leaf-like bractea, and near that generally another much smaller and ap- pressed one. Calyx of two triangular, thickish, green, subpilose, waved leaflets, with their margins more or less incurved, which are erect in the bud, somewhat spread in flower, and which at length persist, enlarge and enclose the fruit. Corolla of five broadly ovate and slightly notched petals. Stamens from ten to fifteen in number. Filaments subulate, purplish, hairy. Anthers adverse, ovate, of two cells, pale purplish, scarcely longer than the stigma, and shorter than the petals. Pol- len yellow. Pistil almost entirely surrounded and concealed by the stamens. Germen roundish, green, glabrous. Style shortish, thick. Stigma capitate, with three or four deep purple, velvety, obtuse, spread- ing rays. Capsule ovate, enclosed in the calyx, opening with three or four rather obtuse valves. Seeds numerous, ovate, compressed, dotted, black, shining, collected into the centre, and fixed to the base by as many distinct filaments incrassated upwards, as there are seeds. Embryo cylindrical, curved, and enclosing the albumen in its centre. VOL. I. Here, as in most of the genera arranged by botanists in the Class Dodecandria, we find the number of stamens liable to great variation ; and with Sir James E. Smith, I prefer re- ferring this genus to the Class Polyandria. In the characters of Talinum, too, at least as given by Peksoon in his Synop- sis, and by Smith in Rees' Cyclopcedia, the seeds are said to be fixed to a globular central receptacle, in contradistinction to those filiform ones which separately support the seeds in Por- tulacca. The present species, and the T. patens figured in Lamarck's Illustrations, have their seeds each evidently at- tached to a filiform stalk, by means of which they are fixed to the base of the capsule. The species here represented, although scarcely worthy of cultivation for its beauty (its flowers, which expand in the morn- ing when the rays of the sun strike upon them, being peculiarly evanescent), yet deserves notice on account of its rarity ; no au- thor, as far as I can discover, having noticed it, except it be perhaps Ruiz and Pavon in their Flora Peruviana et Clti- lensis : and the definition there given is so short, " I'alinum ciliatum foliis lineari-oblongis _ciliatis, floribus axillaribus soli- tariis," that I cannot feel by any means assured that I have done correctly in adopting their specific name. In the main character of the ciliated foliage it unquestionably agrees ; and with regard to the " flores solitarii," if the large foliaceous pro- cesses be considered as leaves, rather than as bracteas (and their insertion is not where the pedicel immediately joins on to the stalk), then these authors are right in that particular also. At the same time, I may observe, that the footstalk is united with the stalk for the lower half of its length, and at the base of this point of union the leaf or bractea is inserted. Fig. 1. Petal. Fig. 2. Flower, with the petals removed. Fig. 3. Single stamen. Fig. 4. Pollen. Fig. 5. Pistil. Fig. 6. Capsule, with one of its calyx-valves spread open. Fig. 7. Capsule bursting open. Fig. 8. Cluster of seeds on their stalks. Fig. 9. Single seed, with its stalk. Fig. 10. Seed cut open, to shew the Embryo and Albumen. — All more or less magnified. 8S LOASA NITIDA. Shining-leaved Loasa. POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA (ratlier than Polyandria Monogynia ) Nat. Ord. LOASEjE ( Genus Onagrariis affinis, Juss. Gen.) Gen. Char. — Cal. pentaphyllus. Cor, pentapetala. Nectarium pentaphyl- lum. Capsula semi-infera, monolocularis, semivalvis, polysperma. — Pcrs. Loasa nitida ; hispida, foliis oppositis cordato-lobatis angulato-dentatis petiolatis superioribus sessilibus, pedunculis axillaribus. L. nitida. Lam. Encycl vol. iii. p. 581.— Willd. Sp. PL vol. ii. p. 1177.— Juss. in Attn, du Mus. v. 5. p. 25. — Pers. Si/n. PL v. ii. p. 71. — Bot. Mag. t. 2372. L. tricolor, BoL Reg. t. 667. ? Apparently an annual plant, with a straggling, weak, succulent, and fragile stem, of two or three feet high, branched in a dichotomous manner, and, as well as the whole plant, clothed with longish hairs, which appear, when seen under a microscope, to be jointed, and to have short reflexed bristles, and still larger hairs or stings, seated upon a swollen sac or bag of poison, similar to what is seen in the stings of the Common Nettle. Leaves all opposite, somewhat five or seven lob'ed, with the lobe angular and toothed, the lower ones much the largest, placed on long footstalks ; the upper ones sessile, smaller, and less distinctly lobed. Flowers axillary, generally solitary, pedunculated. Peduncles at first erect, after flowering bent down, swelling upwards into the inferior pyriform germen. Calyx cut into five, rarely four, deep segments, superior, lan- ceolate, acute, green, hispid, at first patent, afterwards reflexed. Corolla of five, bright yellow, subunguiculate, concavo-ventricose petals, reddish at the base, waved at the margin, at first spreading, then bent back. Crown of five, broadly ovate scales, red below, white upwards, where there are two slight depressions, and bidentate, somewhat pubescent at the base, where there are three (one on each side and one in the middle) subtriangular, toothed, red, fleshy appendages, each at its upper margin furnished with a yellowish-brown, clavate Jilament. On the posterior side, the margins of these scales are seen to be curved in, and to contain two filamentose bodies, curved and slightly pubescent at the base, about equal in length to the scale, and bearing on one side a purplish filament, which exceeds the scale in height. Stamens about ten in each bundle ; at first bent doAvn at an angle, and concealed within the concave petals of the corolla, at length gradually springing upwards, and lying against the style and stigma, between the scales of the nectary. Filaments purplish. Anthers yellow, ovate. Pollen oblong when dry, spherical when moist, and always marked with a central line. Germen inferior, or nearly so : rising above the calyx, in an hemispherical hairy head. Capsule, with the persistent calyx opening into three valves in the superior extremity. Re- ceptacles corresponding with the sutures, rather large, fleshy. Seeds se- veral on each receptacle, longish, oblong, attached on one side, wrinkled, brown. Albumen white, between waxy and horny, and enclosing in its centre a cylindrical straight embryo, slightly thickened upwards. Raised in tlie stove of our Botanic Garden, from seeds sent by Mr Cruikshanks from Chili ; and being no doubt the same species as the individual above quoted in the Botanical Magazine. In general appearance, too, this plant sufficiently VOL. II. corresponds with the Loasa nitida of Lamarck, figured by JussiEU in the Annales du Museum ; but the representation there given of the scale of the nectary, with its appendage, is extremely incorrect ; and had it not been that the author says of the scale that it is like that of L. triloba (which is very si- milar indeed to the present), I should hardly have ventured upon making it the same. L. triloba and L. nitida, indeed, supposing the scale to be alike in both, approach so nearly to each other, that the only difference between them seems to be, that the upper leaves of the fonner are petiolate, the latter sessile. The L. tficolor of the JBot. Reg. I have quoted as a syno- nym doubtfully; but I cannot help expressing my opinion, that it is probably the same as our present plant. It was received, as it would appear, about the same time, from the same country as produced Dr Sims' and the accompanying individual, and seems to differ only in the (usually) more deeply divided leaf, which has narrower segments, and in having three stigmas instead of one. Of this singular, and I may add beautiful genus, (for the flowers are handsome both in hue and form), twelve species have been described, and most of them figured by Jussieu, in the 5th volume of the Ann. du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Nearly all of these are natives of Peru and Chili ; and we learn from the Bot. Mag. that Mr Lambert possesses engravings of fif- teen species, chiefly new ones, which were prepared for the en- suing volume of the Fl. Pe?^uv. : one alone, L. argemonoides, being found near Santa Fe de Bogota, and generally growing among the Cinchonas and Tree Ferns of these tropical regions. In the memoir by M. Jussieu above quoted, that learned botanist has separated this genus from the Onagrari^ (where, among the Geiiera Onagrariis ajfiria, it was placed in the Genera Plantarum), and along with Mentzelia, has establish- ed for it a new Order, Loaseje. ISIost of the individuals are hispid and stinging, the stings usually resembling those of our nettles, with their poison-bag much swollen and reticulated * ; the sting itself being a clear transparent tube, through which the fluid may be distinctly seen to pass. Fig. 1. Flower. Fig. "2. The same, deprived of most of the petals and sta- mens, and of the nectary. Fig. 3. Back view of a scale of the nectary. Fig. 4. Front view of the same. Fig. 5. One of the filaments from with- in the scale. Fig. 6. Stamen. Fig. ?• Pollen, when in a dry state. Fig. 8. Ditto, when moist. Fig. 9. Sting. Fig. 10. Hair, with its joints and bristles. Fig. 11. Germen cut through transverselj'. Fig. 12. Seed. Fig. IS. Section of the seed, shewing the Albumen and Embryo. Fig. 14. Embryo removed from the seed. — All more or less magnified. * It is a curious circumstance, that, in the month of July 1823, an unusvially cold season, some individuals of the L. nitida, which were planted in the open border of our garden, had the poison-bags considei'ably larger, whiter, and filled with a much greater quantity of fluid, than those that were kept under the protection of a greenhouse. The whole plant, too, became considerably stronger. 8* LESSERTIA annua. Annual Lessertia. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA— Nat. Ord. LEGUMINOSJE. Gen. Char. — Calyx semiquinquefidus. Vexillum explanatum. Carina ob- tusa. Stigma capitatum. Stylus antice barba transversa apicis ; postice iraberbis. Legumen scariosum, evalve (compressum vel inflatum).— Br. in Hort. Ken. Lessertia annua ; calycibus bibracteatis nigro-pilosis, foliolis linearibus supra glabris. — Br. L. annua, De Cand. Astrag. p. S8. — Br. in Hort. Kerv. ed. 2. v. iv. p. 328. Colutea herbacea, Willd. Sp. PL v. iii. p. 1141. Stems about one foot high, suberect, slender, weak, striated, subpubescent, branched, annual, (Brown), with us apparently perennial or biennial. Leaves few in number. Petioles from two to four inches long, slender, fur-, rowed on the upper side, and furnished with from four to nine distantly placed, linear obtuse leaflets, of about three quarters of an inch in length, sessile, glabrous above, of a pleasant rather deep green, beneath under the microscope slightly pubescent. Stipules two, very small, patent, su- bulate. Peduncle five or six inches in length, slender, filiform, pubescent, with about five or six small, elegant, distant, pedicellated flowers. Calyx of one piece, obtuse at the base, and there furnished with two opposite, very minute bracteas, and covered with short, dark colored, almost black pu- bescence ; cut into five nearly equal teeth, about one- third as long as the calyx. Vexillum rotundato-obcordate, with a short claw, recurved, deeper rose-colored, with darker oblique lines meeting in the centre. Alee and carina deep purple, nearly equal in length, the former oblong, curved, and slightly twisted towards the extremity, appressed to the carina, which is compressed, boat-shaped, obtuse ; both are shortly unguiculate. Stamens concealed within the carina, one free, nine united. Anther yellow. Pistil: Germen linear-lanceolate, compressed, horizontal. Style erect, glabrous, filiform, terminated just below the small capitate stigma, with a circular thick ray of delicate white hairs, which are longest on the in- ferior side. Legumes thin, membranaceous, faintly reticulated, towards the margins flattened, the centre slightly inflated, valveless (Br.), with VOL. II. the seeds, ten or twelve in number, subspherical, attached in two rows by a shor talk to the upper margin, terminated at the extremity by the persistent style. The seeds of this dehcate and graceful little plant were re- ceived in our Botanic Garden from the Cape of Good Hope ; and the plants produced flower with us in the month of June. These were of short duration, and quickly succeeded by the com- pajatively large and slightly inflated scariose seed-vessels. The genus was separated from Colutea by De Candolle, and dedicated to M. De Lessert of Paris, a great patron of botanists, and eminent for his extensive herbarium. Mr Brown has followed the illustrious Genevese, and in the second edition of the Hortus Kewensis, has drawn up a character differing from that of Colutea, in the want of a bicallose vexillum, and of a " stigma laterale sub apice uncinato styli, postice longitu- dinaliter barbati." Of the genus Lessertia, all the knowi species are natives of the Cape of Good Hope, as those of Colutea appear to be of the south of Europe. Swainsonia, a genus instituted by Mr Salisbury, seems very closely allied to this, and the species {S. galegifolia) figured in the Botanical Magazine, seems to possess altogether the habit of our present plant. Fig. 1. Single flower. Fig. 2. Vexillum. Fig. 3. One of the al^. Fig. 4. The carina. Fig. 5. Stamens and pistil. Fig. 6. Style and stigma. Fig. 7. The Legume (natural size). Fig. 8. The legume partly laid open, to shew the situation of the seeds — All but Fig. 7. more or less magnified. 85 MONOTROPA uNiFLORA. Drooping single-flowered Bird's Nest. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. MONOTROPEJE, Nutt. Hook. Lindl. Gen. Char. — Perianthium simplex, tetraphyllum, foliolis basi cucullatis. Antherce uniloculares, bilabiatEe. Capsula supera, 4-5-locularis, 4)-5-val- vis. Semina numerosa, arillata. Monotropa uniflora ; caule unifloro, squamis approximatis, flore cernuo decandro. Monotropa uniflora, Willd. Sp. PL v. ii. p. 573. — Mich. Fl. Bot: Am. v. i. p. 266. — PuRSH, N. Am. Fl. v. i. p. 303. — Nutt. Gen. v. i. p. 273. — Elliott, Bot. of S. Carol. ^ Georg. v. i. p. 277 — Pluk. Aim. t. 209. f- 2. Root, according to Mr Elliott, parasitic, and attached to the roots of trees; in our garden growing simply in earth mixed with leaves, fibrous, fibres much clustered, intricately branched and anastomosing, brown. Stems many from the same root, more or less succulent, about six inches high, erect, rounded, simple, thick, white and fleshy. In the place of leaves, there are ovate, appressed, slightly concave, white scales, the lower ones at the extremity often tinged with brown. Flowers solitary, terminal, entirely white, fleshy, drooping, surrounded on all sides by several imbricated scales. Perianth single, of 5 obovate or somewhat spathulate, erect leaflets, slightly erose at the extremity ; at the base narrow, and somewhat saccate or cucuUate. Stamens quite white, ten in number, alternately shorter, the longer ones rather shorter than the perianth, erect and placed against the pistil. Filaments pubes- cent. Anthers large, 1 -celled, opening near the top by two transverse and oblique clefts. Pistil: Germen broadly ovate, with ten longitudinal furrows. Style rather short and thick. Stigma peltate, depressed in the centre, and marked with 5 rays. This remarkable plant was raised, probably for the first time in Britain, in the month of June 1823, under a common frame in our Botanic Garden of Glasgow, in a box of earth which VOL. II. was sent, containing other rarities, from the neighbourhood of Montreal, by Mr Maclean. Its first appearance above ground was more like that of some thick white and fleshy Clavaria, than of any phasnogamous plant ; and the whole substance re- sembled of white wax. It appears to inhabit a great extent of country in North America, having been found in Canada, in Carolina and Geor- gia, and I believe in many intermediate districts. Mr NuTTALL has separated from the genus Monotropa the M. Hypopithys, under the name of Hypopithys europcea, principally in consequence of a slight difference in the filaments and anthers ; but the general habit of the plant, and every es- sential particular, are so similar in the two individuals, that I can by no means assent to this change. Like our European species, the present plant turns black in drying, but it is desti- tute of that agreeable primrose-like fragrance which is so re- markable both in the living and recently dried state of M. Hy- popithys. Fig. 1. Flower deprived of its scales, nat size. Fig. 2. Leaflet of the pe- rianth. Fig. 3. Back view of a stamen. Fig. 4. Front view of an an- ther. Fig. 5. Transverse section of an anther. Fig. 6. Pollen. Fig.?. Stamens and pistil. Fig. 8. Pistil. Fig. 9. Section of the Germen All but Fig. 1. more or less magnified. 86 SCHIZANTHUS porrigens. Spreading Schizanthus. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA, (DIANDRIA, FaA/.)— Nat. Ord. PERSONATJE, Brawn, Juss. Gen. Char. — Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla bilabiata, resupinata ; labio su- periore quinquepartito, inferiore tripartite. Stamina quatuor, duo sterilia, Capsuh bivalvis, bilocularis. — Vahl. Schizanthus porrigens ; pedicellis fructus patentibus dlstichis rectius- culis (corolla? labio inferiore pallide purpureo). — Graham, MSS. Plant reaching to the height of three feet, and spreading its numerous patent branches to an almost equal diameter ; the stem and branches covered with glandular hairs, from the extremity of which a strong acid is distil- led. Leaves largest near to the base of the plant, gradually becoming smaller upwards, some of them four or live inches long, bi-tripinnate, slightly hairy, obscurely veined, the segments subpinnatifid, with the lobes acute. Flowers very numerous, rather distantly placed, and arranged in a distichous manner upon long zig-zag, slender, spreading, glanduloso-hirsute, termi- nal and lateral racemes. Pedicels about an inch long, slender, patent, nearly straight, having at the base two very small oblong bracteas. Calyx quinquepartite, the segments linear, erecto-patent, glandular, green. Corolla very nearly of the same shape as that of -S*. pinnatus, but with the middle segment of the upper lip not so deeply notched, and the mar- gins everywhere less toothed or erose. Of the upper lip the purple hue is much paler ; the yellow tint occupies a much larger space in the middle segment, and there exist, almost constantly, two deep purple spots, and two others, one on each side of the lateral segment ; the lower lip is in- variably of a pale purple. Dr Graham has observed, that the two per- fect anthers at first lie concealed in the concave part of the inner segment of the lower lip; but that if they are touched, when ripe, they start for- ward towards the style and stigma, and then burst. In fruit the pedicels still retain their almost straight direction, and they bear capsules very similar to those of S. pinnatus. These appear, however, to be more obtuse at the top, and to have each valve, when burst, notch- ed at the extremity ; but this, Dr Graham observes, is not a constant character. Seeds smaller, rounder, and paler coloured than in S. pinnatus. Under the description of Schizanthus pmnatus, given at t. 73. of this work, I have mentioned the Hability to variation VOL. IT. of that plant in the size and colour of its flowers, and in the shape of its leaves. When the different individuals to which I alluded, arrived, however, at perfection, Dr Graham felt satisfied that there were two separate species among them ; one of which, the S.pinnatiis * may he distinguished by its ge- nerally smaller size, more upright mode of growth, by its having the lower lip of the corolla always of an intense purple, and the upper one spotless ; the bracteas being large and foliaceous, and, above all, the footstalks of the fruit quite secund, deflexed from the base, and at the superior extremity singularly cvuved upwards. The other species is the- one here figured, from a beautiful drawing by Mr Grevili.e, and for the description of which I am chiefly indebted to the information afforded by Dr Graham. In order to demonstrate more clearly the difference of the two plants, Mr Greville has, at Fig. 9. given a representa- tion of a raceme of S. pinnatus. It will be agreeable to all lovers of plants to know, that this individual may be considered a hardy annual ; the finest specimens of it in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden being those which have grown in the open air, and which are now, in the latter end of November, covered with flowers and seedvessels. Whether this, or the Schizantlius figured at t. 73. be the one intended for S. pinnatus by lluiz and Pavon, I have no means of determining. I suspect tliat it is the present species ; for Dr Sims, in his description of S. pinnatus, tells us, that on comparing it with the delineation in the Flora Peruviana, he was inclined to consider it as distinct. i quite agree with Dr Graham in bcHevhig, that the larger figure in the Botanical Register, tab. 723. is drawn from S. porrigens, although the specimen is in much too young a state to shew the more important characters of the species. Fig. 1. Portion of a plant, with flowers and advanced fruit. Fig. 2. Lower leaf, natural size. Fig. 3. Flower. Fig. 4. Pedicel and capsule. Fig. 5. Capsule opened, to shew the receptacle and seeds. Fig. 6. Capsule which has discharged its seeds. Fig. 7. Seeds, natural size. Fig. 8. Two seeds, highly magnified.-—^// but Figs. 1, 2. and 7- more or less magnified. Fig. 9. Raceme of S. pinnatus, natural size. * S. pinnatus may be now thus characterised, " pedicellis fructus secundis, basi de- flexis, sursum insi^niter curvatis, (coroll?e labio inferiore intense purpureo)."— Grf?/;f,'m, MSS. 87 HABENARIA BLEPHARIGLOTTIS. White Fringe-lipped Habenaria. GYNANDRIA MONAND11IA._Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEJE. Div. Anther a adnata terminalis persistens. Pollinis massoe e lobulis angiilatis elastice co- hcerentibus ; basi affixes. — Br. Gen. CiiK^.— Corolla ringens. LabeUum basi subtus calcaratum. Glatidula; pollinis nudae, distiiictae (local is pedicellorum adnatis vel solutis distinc- tis). — Br. in Hort. Kew. Habenaria bkphariglottis ; radicibus fasciculatis, labello lanceolato ci- liato longitudine petali supremi, cornu longissimo germine paululum breviore. Orchis blephariglottis, Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. p. 9— Pursh, Fl. Amer. Bor. V. ii. p. 585.— Nu TT. Gen, N. Am. PI. v. ii. p. 188. Root (according to the drawing of Mr Syme) decidedly composed of thick, fleshy, long and flexuose fasciculated fibres, still apparently formed into two clusters, from the summit of one of which is a gemma or bud indi- cative of the future year's plant, from the other rises the present year's stem, about ten inches in length, erect, terete, striated, with two or three sheathing scales at the base, and upwards, with about three lanceolate, carinated, more less acuminated, striated, yellowish-green leaves, paler on the underside, merging upwards into bracteas, sheathing at their base. Spike of flowers pure white, forming an oblong, obtuse, rather lax head. Bracteas lanceolate, smooth, the lowermost ones about as long as the ger- men, the rest gradually shorter upwards. Corolla entirely of a pure white. The three uppermost petals erect, lanceolate, obtuse, the exte- rior one being thrice as large as the two inner ones ; the two lateral ones ovate, singularly bent back and downward, so that in looking at the front of the floAver, their backs come into view. Lip lanceolate, obtuse, standing out horizontally, about as large or rather larger than the upper- most petal, convex above, its margins elegantly fringed with white hair- like processes, terminated below in a long, slender, twisted, deflexed spur, which is nearly equal in length to the germen. Germen extremely long, slender, twisted, much attenuated upwards. Column offrudijication very short. Stigma small, concave. Anther large, terminal, composed of two distinct cells, approaching each other in the upper part, much diver- ging below, but connected by a thick, fleshy, transverse substance, open- mg horizontally. The po/leii-masses I have not seen, as the anthers had opened, and discharged their pollen in all the flowers which I had the opportunity of exarahiing. VOL. II. This charming Orchideous plant, remarkable for the pm-e white of its blossoms, and their elegantly ciliated labellum, does not appear to have been known in our collections, till it was introduced into the garden of Dalhousie Castle by the Kight Honourable the Countess of Dalhousie, who sent it from Canada. The able superintendant of that establishment, Mr Archibaed, transmitted a flowering specimen to Dr Graham, who forwarded it to me in the state in which it is represented in the left-hand figure of the accompanying plate. The rest of the stem and roots are copied from a beautiful drawing made by Mr Syme of Edinburgh, author of the inge- nious " Nomenclature of Colours as adapted to the study of Natural History." It flowered in the month of May, and, from the knowledge and skill at which we are arrived in the cultiva- tion of orchideous plants, it may be hoped that this delicate spe- cies of Habenaria will soon become a general inhabitant of our collections The nearest ally of this plant is undoubtedly the Habe- naria ( Orchis) ciliaris of Willdenow, figured at the 42d plate of Andrews' Botanical Repositojy: in the latter, how- ever, the flowers are of a deep orange colour, their lower lip far more thickly fringed, and the two smallest of the upper petals are likewise fringed, whereas in tlie present individual these are quite naked. W ILLDENOW gives this plant as a native of Pennsylvania; PuRSH says it is found from Jersey to Carolina, not being aware, it would seem, that it inhabits also the British settle- ments of North America. The latter author arranges this spe- cies among those with two entire tuberous roots, which he was probably led erroneously to do, from the circumstance of his considering Clayton's plant " O. testiculata, floribus niveis," &c. as the same. Nuttali,, more correctly, ranks it with those individuals having palmated roots ; and the palmated root may be easily conceived to run into the fasciculated one. The lower and upper petals take a decidedly opposite direc- tion, the three former pointing upwards, the two latter down- wards. Fig. 1. Side view of a flower. Fig. 2. Front vieAV of a corolla, — magnijied. * Living plants, however, were in 1822 brought by Mr G oldie from swampy ground in the neighbourhood of Quebec (where it appears to have been found bv Wil- liam Shepherd, Esq. of that city) ; but they did not succeed in the garden at'Monk. wood, near Ayr. 88 POTENTILLA nepalensis. Red-flowered Nepal Potentilla. ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA._Nat. Ord. ROSACEA. Gen. Char. — Calyx decemfidus, segmentis alternis minoribus. Petala quin- que. Pericarpia receptaculo sicco affixa. Potentilla nepalensis ; caule erecto multifloro, foliis quinatis caulinis ternis, foliolis obovato-lanceolatis acute serratis sericeo-pilosis, stipu- lis ovatis, petalis (rubicundis) obcordatis calyce longioribus. Stem a foot or a foot and half high, erect, rounded, red, hairy, with the hairs long and patent, branched at the extremity. Leaves, the lowermost or radical ones, long, red, hairy, petiolate, quinate, with their leaflets ob- ovato-lanceolate, sharply and regularly serrated almost to their base, purplish, veined, silky with appressed hairs ; the cauline leaves ternate, nearly sessile, much smaller, more lanceolate and acute than the others. Stipules upon the stem, large, green, ovate, scarcely acute, entire, almost glabrous. Flowers terminal, upon subpaniculated, branches ; pedicels one or two inches long, hairy, red. Calyx, with the five outer segments small, green, spreading ; the five inner ones closing over the bud or fruit, and soon becoming brown. Petals exceeding the calyx in length, obcordate, of a beautiful reddish-purple, delicately marked with veins. Stame7is nume- rous. Anthers purplish-brown. Pistil : Germen ovate, greenish, smooth. Style from just below the summit of the germen, rather long. This interesting species of Potentilla flowered at the Bota- nic Garden, Edinburgh, in July 1823. Its seeds had been received by Dr Graham from Nepal, whence they had been transmitted by Dr Wallich. Even in the leaves and stipules, I am not aware of any species of Potentilla with which this one would be liable to be confounded ; and the colour of its flowers is unlike that of any individual of the genus which has hitherto been published. VOL. II. Their nearest resemblance in hue, as far as my knowledge ex- tends, is to that of the blossoms of Rubus odoratus. In Mr Lambert's herbarium, there exist, however, specimens of a Potentilla from the same country as the present, with red in- florescence ; but in those individuals, the leaves are ternate, their leaflets small, oval, and covered beneath with a white and silky pubescence. The drawing of Potentilla nepalensis is from the pencil of Mr Greville. Fig. 1. Petal. Fig. 2. Stamen. Fig. 3. Pistil.— J// slightly magnified. 89 BEGONIA picTA. Party-coloured Begonia. MONOECIA POLYANDRIA Nat, Oiid. BEGONIACEM, Bmpl. De Cand. Gen. Char — Masc. Cal. 0. Cor. polypetala. Petaki plerumque 4, inse- qualia. — F(em. Cal. 0. Cor. petalis 4-9, plerumque insequalibus. Siyli S, bifidi. Caps, triquetra, alata, 3-locularis, polysperma. Begonia picta ; caule perbrevi, foHis cordatis acutis acuminatisque, ru- gosis hispidis duplicato-serratis, capsulse alis subagqualibus. — Sm. Begonia picta. Smith, Ex. Bat. t. 101. Begonia hirta, Wallich, MSS. Root perennial, of two small, roundish tubers, together with a few thick, fleshy, simple fibres, mixed with others which are more slender and branched. Stem very short, yet slightly branched, thick, succulent, green, more or less tinged with purple, hairy. Leaves 3 or 4 inches in length, few in number, cordate, more or less acute, or even (as in Sir James Smith's plant, and some native specimens in my herbarium), acuminate, green blotched with purple, especially beneath, rugose and hispid, waved, veined, the margins doubly serrated ; the Jbotstalks long, terete, hairy, with a pair of broadly ovate stipules at the base. Florver-stalks rather long and thick, from the axils of the leaves, branched upwards into a sort of umbel of about 3 partial stalks, with two rather large, entire or tridentate hairy bracteas. The central jlower is the male, and is formed of 4 large and delicate rose-coloured petals, of which the two outermost are much the largest, rotundato-ovate, crenato-serrate at the margin, longitudinally striated, and externally villose j the two innermost smaller, obovate, glabrous and entire : Stamens numerous, ai^ in reality monadelphous, the Jilaments often forked, yellow. The lateral Jlorvers are female, having four nearly white petals, the two outermost the long- est, roundish, slightly crenate, and externally pubescent ; the two inner- most entire, glabrous : the germen large, inferior, triquetrous, thickly pu- bescent, with branched, or rather laciniated, white, reticulated processes, the angles protruded into glabrous aloe or wings, which, though short, are evidently unequal in size. Styles 3, yellow, each bifid and twisted something like the shell of a snail. VOL. II. Communicated from the stove of the Botanic Garden at Liverpool by Messrs Shepherd, by whom it was received from Nepal under the name of B. Jiirta of Dr Wallich. No such name, however, is published ; and the able cultivator just mentioned, rightly considers the plant to be the same as the B. picta, figured by Sir James Smith from a Hindu drawing sent by Dr Buchaisan Hamilton. That gentle- man first found it on rocks above Nepal, and states it to be the Mungarchaci of the Parbutties, or Hindu conquerors of Ne- pal. It is a lovely plant, elegant both in its flowers and foliage, and well deserving of cultivation in our stoves. Fig. 1. Section of the Germen of B. picta. Fig. 2. One of the styles. Fig. 3. One of the processes of the germen which forms the pubescence. — All more or less magnified. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 90, 91 CATASETUM tridentatum. Tridentate Catasetum. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEJE. Gen. Char. — Corolla resupinata ; foliolis quinque ; subaequalia ; labello sac* cato-concavum. Columna bicornis ; cornua retrorsa, filiformia, arcuato- conniventia. Anthera operculata, columna interne infra apicem atte- nuato-subulatum insidens. Pollinis massce duae, pedicello communi suf- fultae. — Rich. MSS. in Kunth. Parasiticum. Folia membranacea, ex apice bulbi erumpentia. Pedunculi radicales, uni- pauci- multiflori, bracteati. Flores magni. Catasetum tridentatum ; petalis duobus interioribus maculatis, labello tridentato. Whole plant from a foot and a half to two feet in height. Root composed of many, large, white, thick, smooth fibres. Bulb five or six inches in length, oblong, subcompressed, covered at first with the sheath- ing bases of the leaves, afterwards naked, green, marked with reddish rings where the leaves have been inserted, and longitudinally striated. Leaves 6 to 10 inches long, broadly lanceolate, keeled, striated, undu- lated, bright green, tapering towards the base, but enlarging again very considerably, so as to form the sheathing of the bulb ; these sheaths are of a more membranaceous texture than the leaves themselves, paler green, and very closely striated. Scape arising from the root by the side of the bulb, twelve or fourteen inches in height, cylindrical, green, jointed, and furnished with short membra- naceous sheaths, which are slit on one side, terminated at the extremity by a spike of about a dozen very large and beautiful flowers, which are resupinate, and of a highly remarkable structure. The Jive petals which compose the corolla are subconnivent, and form an arch over the colum of fructification ; of these the three outer ones are lan- ceolate, concave, green ; the two inner ones are broadly ovate, concave, subacuminate, yellowish-brown, elegantly spotted with purple. Lip large, cucullate, ventricose, its margin entire, except in the front, where there are three obtuse teeth, the outside faintly and obliquely striated ; its colour is a bright yellow, greenish at the summit ; there are some- times a few very indistinct purple spots within. Column united by its base with the back of the lip, an inch long, curved forward, yellow, the back convex, the front concave, its extremity suddenly acuminated, and having a little claw-like process at the very point. From the margin or front, and near the centre, proceed downwards two slender filiform pro- cesses, nearly an inch long, which curve towards each other, and are placed within the lip. Stigma concave, subquadrate, viscid. Anther oper- culiform (deciduous), and applied to the upper attenuated part of the column, lanceolate, yellow-green, having within at its base two cells. Celb containing each a large, spherical, waxy pollen-mass, 2-lobed at the back, united by their bases to an oblong, brownish footstalk, whose mar- gins are recurved, and whose base is fixed upon a thickened quadrangu-r lar gland. The germen, about an inch long, is slightly curved upwards^ furrowed, not at all twisted. VOL. IL Another splendid orchideous plant is here represented, which is derived from the same fertile source as has afforded so many other subjects to this work, namely, the Botanic Garden at Liverpool. It was received, during the present year, from the Baron de Schack, who detected it in woods in the island of Trinidad. I know of no individual of this family which has flowers so splendid and so curious as the subject of the present plate, ex- cept it be an Anguloa, which blossomed in niy garden in Suf- folk some years ago, and which I had received from the Bra- zils through the favour of Mr Savainson. A drawing of that plant is in the possession of my friend Mr Lindley, and I have his promise that it shall appear in his excellent Collecta- nea Botanica. At first sight, I was disposed to think that this might be a species of the same genus, but there are seve- ral material points of difference ; and it was impossible to read the character given by M. IIichaud, of Catasetum, in the 1st volume of the Synopsis Plant. jEquinoct. Orhis novi of Humboldt and Kunth, mthout being satisfied that it must belong to that genus. The species there given is the Catase- tum maculatum of New Grenada, which is essentially charac- terised by its ciliated labellum ; a second individual, afterwards noticed, is the C. macrocarpum of Richard's MSS. with blos- soms of a deep purple colour, and fruit four or five inches long. No figures exist of either of these. Mr Henry Shepherd informs me, that " on touching the extremity of the column with a pin, the anther-case flies off with an elastic force *, and takes along with it the pollen- mass ; the gland at the base of which is covered with a gluti- nous substance, by which it adheres to any thing that it comes in contact vsdth." This was precisely the case with the An- guloa above mentioned, whose pollen-mass was similarly form- ed. On touching the top of the anther with a pin, the pollen- mass darted out, and striking forcibly the hand of a bystander, adhered to it by the gland with a considerable degree of firm- ness. Tab. 90. Plant, reduced to one-fourth of the natural size. Tab. 91- Analysis of the flowers; Fig. 1. — G. being all of the natural size. Fig. 1. Side view of a flower. Fig. 2. Front view of the same. Fig. 3. Side view of the lip. Fig. 4. Side view of a column, with the Anther, Fig. 5. removed. Fig. 6. Pollen mass. Fig. 7- Inner view of the An- ther-case, containing the pollen-mass. Fig. 8. Pollen-mass. Fig. 9- An- ther-case, inside view, — magnified. * This elastic qualitj'^ perhaps resides in the footstalk of the pollen-mass, whose sides, I believe, on their disengagement from the anther-case, suddenly become rolled back, as is seen at Fig- 8. 92 PEPEROMIA MACULOSA. Spotted-stalked Peperomia. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._Nat. Ord. PIPERACE^, Humb. el Kunth.^ PIPERITEES, De Ca?u/.-.UIlTICIS AFFINIS, Jms. Gen. Char. — Spadix cylindraceus, floribus undique tectus. Stamina duo. Stigma iudivisum. Bacca monosperma. CauUs herbaceus. — Humb. et Kuntk. Peperomia maculosa ; foliis peltatis cordato-ovatis acutis albo-venosis, caule " repente"" maculato tenuissime pubescente. Piper maculosum. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 42. — Willd. Sp. PL v. i. p. l66. Vahl, Emm. PI. V. i. p. 344. — Roem. et SchultZj v. i. p. 320 'Haw. Succ PI. p. 4. Peperomia variegata^ Fl. Perm. v. i. p. 33. t. 52. f. Saururus hederaceus, cauliculis maculosis major. Plum. Am. p. 50. t. 66. This appears, in its native woods, to be a species of a large size, according to Plumier creeping and attaching itself to the rocks and neighbouring trees. The stems are full half an inch thick, swelling at the joints ; where the leaves are set on, and at the lowermost joints, throwing out rather large, fibrous, simple roots ; cylindrical, green, spotted with pur- plish-brown, and every where clothed with a fine pubescence, which seems to have been overlooked by every author except Mr Haworth. From each of the uppermost joints proceeds a leaf of large size, 6 inches or more in length, and of a thick subcoriaceous texture, very dark green above and shining, with a broad white midrib and white lateral veins curving upwards ; the margin is thin pale, coloured, the extremity acute: the underside is of a pale green colour, pubescent, the rib and nerves slightly prominent, of the same colour ; the petiole is 6 or 8 inches long, thick, pubescent, spotted, grooved on the upper side, with its extremity inserted into the underside of the leaf within the margin, so as to consti- tute Si. folium peltatum. Spike solitary, pedunculated, from the base of the petiole of the terminal leaf, having an ovato-lanceolate bractea, from eight inches to a foot in length, erect (curved in the drawing for want of room), purplish, cylindrical, tapering towards the extremity. Florets much crowded. Scales subquadrate, purplish-green. Germens small obovate, with a rather long acumen running out above the stigma. An^ VOL. II. thers 2, one on each side the base of the germen, one-celled, purple, ses- sile. Seed-vessels prominent. A very handsome species of Peperomia, presenting a strik- ing appearance, with its large dark-green shining leaves, with white veins, its spotted stalks and petioles, and its long, erect, purplish spikes. Plumier discovered the species in St Domingo, and has given a most excellent figure of it in his Description des Plantes d'Amerique. Ruiz and Pavon seem to have found it in the mountains of Pillao in Peru. The plants that I have had the opportunity of examining in flower, were in September 1813, from the Botanic Gardens both of Glasgow and Liver- pool, and their possession is due to the liberality of the Messrs LODDIGES. Fig. 1. Portion of a spike, with its florets. Fig. 2. Single flower. 9S CHIOCOCCA RACEMOSA. Snow-berry Bush. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— :Nat. Ord. RUBIACEA. Div. VII, Fructus monocarpus biloculans dispermus. Stam. 5. Fol. opposita; caulis frutescens aut arboreus Juss. Gen. Char. — Cor. infundibuliformis, aequalis. Bacca bilocularls, 2-sperma, infera. Chiococca racemosa; foliis ovatis acuminatis, racemis subdivisis axil- laribus secundis subnutantibus. Chiococca racemosa. Linn. Sp. PI. v. i. p. 246. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. p. 975. — Andr. Rep. t. 284. — Ait. Hort. Ketv. ed. 2. v. i. p. 374. — Pursh, Fl. N. Am. V. i. p. l60. Pericljnnenum racemosum, flore flavescente, fructu niveo, Dill. Horl. Elth. V. ii. p. 306. t. 228. f. 295. A moderate sized shrub in its native climate, according to Browne, in his Natural History of Jamaica, sometimes reaching to the height of 7 or 8 feet, much branched, with the branches opposite, and so long and slender that they frequently require to be supported by the neighbouring plants ; rounded, smooth. Leaves constantly opposite, one or two inches in length, ovate, gradually acuminated (except in some of the older leaves, which are simply acute) at the extremity, and, at the base attenuated in- to a rather short footstalk, smooth, shining, subcoriaceous, waved, entire at the margin, with a central rib, often dark above, and a few very ob- scure lateral nerves or veins. The jhrvers are produced in rather small but graceful, somewhat drooping, scarcely compound racemes, from the axils of the leaves of the upper branches'; very fragrant, and all of them secund. Calyx of five teeth, of a brownish colour, erect, entire. Corolla infundibuliform, pale yellow, the tube somewhat angular, the limb of 5 spreading and sometimes re- flexed ovate segments ; Stamens springing from the very base of the co- rolla, 5 in number, united by their bases, shorter than the corolla. Fila- ments white, glabrous. Anthers linear, pale yellow. Germen inferior, roundish, ovate, green, compressed, obscurely 2-lobed, 2-celled, 2-sided : Style longer than the tube of the calyx, white, filiform : Stigma clavate, bifid. Fruit a roundish, slightly compressed, pulpy, snow-white, 2-celied Berry, crowned with the teeth of the calyx. Seeds two, solitary, com- pressed (Browne), " pendent, and each attached by a short stalk to the upper extremity of the cells," (G/ERTn.) VOL. IL A native of the West India Islands, particularly of Ja- maica, St Domingo and Barbadoes. It is likewise found at Carthagena ; and Michaux and Pursh mention a variety of it which is found upon the sea-shore of Georgia and Florida. Of this, however, Mr Elliott takes no notice in his valuable Fhra of Georgia and South Carolhia. The North Ameri- can plant, according to Michaux, differs from the West In- dian one, simply in the leaves not being so much acuminated ; but Browne speaks of another variety, which, indeed, he is in- clined to think a distinct species, growing to a great height among the trees in the woods of Jamaica, between St Thomas's and Manganeel, and again throwing down some of its long slender twigs to the ground. Nevertheless, its leaves are si- milar to those of the more common kind. The numerous berries, of a delicate white coloiu* (which do not appear to be produced in our stoves), have given the com- mon English name to the plant, as well as that of the genus, (from y^fov, snow, and nonog^ fruit). This shrub has been cultivated in our gardens since 1729, about which time it appears to have been introduced by Dr Sherard. In its native climate, the root, which has a bitter acrid taste, similar to that of the Seneka snake-root, is em- ployed medicinally, as a strong resolutive and attenuant. Fig. 1. Flower. Fig. 2. Corolla cut open, to shew the stamen. Fig. 3. The Pistil. Fig. 4. Section of the Germen. — All more or less magnified. 94 LEPTANTHUS gramineus. Grass4eaved Leptanthus. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._Nat. Ord. JUNCEJE. Gen. Char. — Spalha uniflora. Perianthium coloratum, inferunij tubo lon- gissimo gracili, limbo sexpartito aequali. Stylus apice incrassatus. Cap- sula unilocularis, trivalvis, polysperma. Semina receptaculis tribus fili- formibus valvarura medio affixis inserta. L. gramineus. L. gramineus, Mich. Fl. Bar. Am. v. i. p. 25. t. 5. f. 2. — Nutt. Gen. v. i. p. 29. Heteranthera graminea, Vahl, E^ium. v. ii. p. i5. — Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. V. i. p. 32.' — RoEM. et ScHULTES, Syst. Veg. v. i. p. 488. " Schollera graminifolia, Willd. N. Act. Soc. Scrut. Hist. Nat. 3. p. 438." Commelina dubia, Jacq. Obs. Bot. v. iii. p. 9. t, 39- Plant aquatic, submerged, much resembling Potamogeton grami7ieiim ; with longish, slender, waved and geniculated subdichotomous stems, and nu- merous, alternate, dark green, linear, submembranaceous leaves, obtuse, about 3 inches in length, with a large, sheathing, semipellucid ligule at the base, like that of the grasses. From the axils of the leaves springs the solitary jiower, arising from a long, cylindrical, membranaceous spatha, and that again surrounded by the li- gule of the leaf. Perianth single. Tube very long, slender, greenish, swollen at the base, where the germen is situated. Limb cut into six equal, spreading, linear, bright yellow segments. Stamens three, inserted at the mouth of the tube, quite yellow. Filatnent broadly subulate. Anther oblong, 2-celled, cells opening longitudinally, and facing the style. Pollen yellow. Germen oblong, tapering into the very long, slender style, which is clavate above. Stigma glandular, ob- scurely three or six cleft Capsule, when unexpanded, oblong, full of gibbosities from the swelling of the seeds within, and entirely covered with the marcescent perianth, 1 -celled, 3-valved, (the valves are indicated by the suture). Each of these three valves has a filiform, zig-zag re- ceptacle, slightly attached to its centre, upon which, on alternate sides, the seeds are inserted. These are ovate or oval, striated, with a raphis which communicates with the top, so that the seed is actually pendent. Albumen between fleshy and farinaceous, dense. Embryo cylindrical, in- cluded. Radicle opposite the hilum. YOL. II. The genera Heter anther a of Pai.isot de Beauvois. and Leptanthus of Michaux, are perfectly synonymous, and considered by all authors as having, besides other characters, a capsule of three cells. The present individual having onl) one cell, Wili.denoav thought proper to construct a ne\\ genus for it, which he denominated Schollera. It appears tc me, however, that, by modifying the character of the genuf Leptanthus, it may with propriety be allowed to remain as pe- culiar to this species, the remaining Leptanthi of Michaux being retained in the older established genus Heteranthera Besides the more important character of the capsule, our Lep- tanthus seems to differ remarkably in habit, and in the coloui of its flowers, from the other individuals that have been ar- ranged with it. This plant is a native of Pennsylvania and Virginia, ac- cording to PuRSH. Mr MuRUAY of our Botanic Garden be- ing desirous to introduce the curious %lisneria spiralis to ouj collections from Canada, wrote to his correspondent Mr Kippi> at Montreal, to request he would send some of the mud con- taining roots and seeds of that curious vegetable. Along witl the Valisneria, there came up abundance of Najas canadensis and Leptanthus gramineus; the latter, alone, however, has a1 present produced flowers and seeds. The plant grows entirely submerged, and has a striking re- semblance, when out of flower, to the Potamogeton granii- neum. Fig. 1. Upper portion of a plant, nat. size. Fig. 2. Flower, with its spath^. Fig. 3. Stamen, Fig. 4. Pistil. Fig. 5. Capsule, covered with the co- rolla. Fig. 6. Capsule laid open, to shew the insertion of the seeds. Fig. 7- Seed. Fig. 8. The same cut open vertically. — More or less mag' nified. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 95 HABENARIA dilatata. Tall green-flowered Hahenaria. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEJE. Gen. Char — Cor. ringens. Labellum basi subtus calcaratum. GlandulcB pollinis nudae, distinctse (loculis pedicellorum adnatis v. solutis distinctis), — Br. in Hort. Kerv. Habenaria dilatata ; labello lanceolato-obtuso basi dilatato, cornu lon- gitudine labelli germine paulo breviore, caule folioso. Orchis dilatata, Pursh, Fl. N. 4m. v. ii. p. 588— Nutt. Gen. ofN. Am, PL V. ii. p. 189. Root fasciculated ; the fibres large and thick, some of them larger at the base, so as to be somewhat fusiform. Stem a foot or a foot and a half high, gradually tapering upwards, angular. Leaves several, lanceolate, striated, becoming smaller and bracteiform upwards. Spike from 3 to 5 inches long, of rather distantly and somewhat spirally ar- ranged flowers. Bractece linear-lanceolate, green, the lower ones longer than the flower, the uppermost shorter. Corolla pale yellow-green, the three uppermost segments ovate, connivent, and forming a helmet above the organs of fructification ; the two lateral ones reflexed ; the lowermost one, or lip, deflexed, lanceolate, obtuse, dilated at the base, quite entire, of the same colour as the rest of the flower. Spur cylindrical, curved, shorter than the germen. Column very short. Stigma transverse, con- vex. Anther terminal, of two cells, whose bases are set apart ; each con- taining a clavate, yellow pollen-mass, which have their glands naked, Germen short, green, twisted, ribbed, thickest upwards. Introduced into the gardens of this country from Canada in the year 1823, by Mr Goldie, who sent me the plant here figured from his garden at Monkwood Grove, Ayr, in Au- gust ; and by Mr Cleghorn, whose plant flowered in our Botanic Garden at the same season of the year. It is not, however, confined to the more northern parts of America : I have long ago received fine specimens from my friend Mr VOL. II. BooTT, gathered near Boston ; and Mr Nuttall has seen it growing in Franklin county, Pennsylvania. Its nearest affinity is with Hab. hyperborea, which differs in its much smaller size, and, according to Pursh, in its lan- ceolate lip, not spreading at the base, in the subulate spur, and ovate spike. Fig. 1. Front view; and, Fig. 2. Back view of a flower. Fig. S. Lip and Column.— more or less magnified. 96 BANKSIA VERTICILLATA. Whorl-leaved Banksia. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. PROTEACEM. Gen. Char — Perianthium quadripartitum (raro 4-fidum). Stamina apicibus concavis laciniarum immersa. Squamulce hypogynae 4. Ovarium bilocu- lare, loculis raonospermis. Folliculus ligneus ; dissepimento libero, bifido. Amentum flosculorum paribus tribracteatis ! — Br. Banksia verticillata; foliis verticillatis lingulato-oblongis obtusis muticis: subtus aveniis niveis, bracteis araenti tomentosis obtusis : involucran- tibus hirsutis, caule arboreo. — Br. Banksia verticillata, Brown in Linn. Trans, v. x. p. 207. — Ejusd. Prodr. Ft. Nov. Holl. p. 394. — Ait. Hort. Rerv. ed. 2. v. i. p. 21 6. A tree, according to Mr Brown, with terete, yellowish-brown branches, the younger ones subpubescent, their extremities hairy with thick brown hairs, the rest glabrous. Leaves placed in whorls of 4 or 6, lingulato-ob- long, placed upon short footstalks, erecto-patent, quite entire at the mar- gin, and slightly recurved, the upper side glabrous, dark green, the un- der side white, with short cottony pubescence ; the extremity obtuse or even retuse, muticous, or in the younger ones sometimes terminated with a short hair or bristle-like point. Midrib prominent beneath, and gi'een, glabrous, in the uppermost leaves covered with numerous brown bristles. Amentum terminal, appearing lateral only in consequence of the putting forth of a new shoot beneath it, cylindrical and elongated, densely clothed with truncated, red-brown, very silky scales or bracteas; these are placed in threes (two small and one larger one) beneath each pair of flowers, and upon a hairy receptacle. Flowers in pairs : each of 4 petals, forming a tube by the cohesion of the pe- tals or leaflets of the perianth, which afterwards become more or less sepa- rated, curved, especially towards the extremity. Lamince ovate, for some time cohering together, very concave within, the margin thickened, and tawny; the claws slender, yellowish, their base hairy. Stamens placed one within the concave extremity of each petal. Filament short : Anther oblong yellow. Pistil single. Germen roundish, small, hairy at the top, the base surrounded with 4 small, oblong, obtuse, upright scales. Sti/le yellowish-green, very long and singularly rigid, exceeding the co- rolla in length, bursting with its middle through the side of the corolla with a remarkable curvature, but retained at its extremity for gome time within the closed laminae of the corolla. Stigma ovato-oblong, yellow. VOL. II. A genus of 31 species, as enumerated in the admirable monograph on the Proteacece, by Mr Brown, in the Trans- actions of the Linnean Society ; of which about two-thirds have been introduced to our gardens, although very few have been figured in our various botanical publications. The individual here given, remarkable for its verticillate entire leaves, of a pure white on the under side, was discovered by Mr Menzies in New Holland, and brought by him to our gardens in 1794. It was afterwards seen by Mr Brown in Le win's Land, on the south shores of New Holland, and was by him first described in the place above quoted. Mr Shep- herd was so good as to send me a fine flowering specimen in September 1813 from the Liverpool Garden, from which the accompanying figure was taken* The blossoms yield a smell which is rather powerful, and by no means agreeable. Fig. 1. A pair of flowers, with their accompanying bracteae. Fig. 2- Single flower. Fig. 3. Lower part of the style and germen. Fig. 4. Extremity of a petal, containing the Anther. Fig. 5. Bractese, — All but Fig. 1. more or less magnified. 97 CALYSTEGIA spitham^a. Small upright Bear-bind. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._Nat. Ord. CONVOLVULACEM. Gen. Char. — Calyx S-partitus, bracteis duabus foliaceis inclusus. Corolla campanulata, 5-plicata. Stamina subaequalia, limbo breviora. Ovarium semibiloculare, 4-spermum. Stylus indivisus. Stigmata 2, obtusa (tere- tia vel globosa). Capsula unilocularis. Herbce lactescentes, glabrae, volubiles v. prostratae ( extra tropicum provenientes J. Pedunculi solitarii, unijlori. — Br. Calystegia spithamaa ; erecta pubescens ; foliis subcordato-ovalibus ob- tusis, pedunculis unifloris foliis brevioribus, bracteis ovatis acutis, caule superne florifero. — Pursh. Calystegia spithamaea, Pursh, Fl, of N. Am. v. i. p. 143. Convolvulus spithamaeus, "Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. p. 873 Elliot's Bot. of S. Carol. Sf Georg. v. i. p. 251 — Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. i. p. 33?. Root flagelliforrn, and much creeping, cylindrical, yellowish, perennial (not biennial, as mentioned in Hort. Kew.) Stem erect, about a span high in its native country, nearly a foot in height when cultivated, rounded, pu- bescent, simple or slightly branched, branches from the axils of the leaves. Leaves an inch and a half to two inches in length, cordato-ovate, obtuse, the lowermost ones broader, shorter, and more obtuse, all upon shortish footstalks, and pubescent. Flowers axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, large, handsome, white. Peduncles about two inches long, downy, triangular upwards. Bractece of two large, concave, ovate, acute, nerved, pubescent, opposite, erect leaflets. Calyx of 5 small, erect, glabrous, shining, pale leaflets, which are entirely covered and concealed by the bracteae. Corolla carapanulate, the limb spreading, large, cut into 5 obtuse, subcrenulate, rounded, pli- cate lobes. Stamens shorter than the tube. Filaments subulate, com- pressed, white, with yellowish glands at the margins. Anthers oblong, yellow. Pistil as long as the stamens. Germen small, 5-lobed. Style fi- liform, white. Stigmas two, rounded, incurved. Introduced to this country from North America by Wil- liam Hamilton, Esq. in 1796, according to Hortus Kew- VOL. II. » ensis ; but still, I believe, rare in our gardens, and no figure has yet appeared in any publication. PuRSH mentions it as inhabiting, but rarely, dry hills from Pennsylvania to Carolina; and Mr Elliott gives the same stations, from which I infer that he has not himself seen it in a wild state. The specimen here figured, flowered in Mr Smith's Nursery, Ayr, from roots brought by Mr Goldie from the northern part of the State of New York, where they grew in sandy woods. The genus Calystegia was established by Mr Brown, and designed to include particularly our Convolvulus sepium and soldanella. The learned author, I am aware, mentions the Conv. spithamceus as doubtfully belonging to it. But as the bracteae so entirely accord with one of the most essential characters of the genus, I have followed Pursh and the au- thor of the Hortus Suhurhanus, in retaining it in Calyste- gia. The CaL tomentosa of Pursh {C.stans, Mich.), seems to be very nearly allied to the present species, as far as I can judge from the definition, the principal characters consisting in the tomentose rather than pubescent covering to the former, the acuminate leaves, and the stem bearing flowers from its lower part. Fig. 1. Flower in bud. Fig. 2. Bracteae, calyx and pistil. Fig. 3. Pistil. Fig. 4. Stamen. — All more or less magnified. 98 BERBERIS ARISTATA. Aristate Barberry. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. BERBERIDES. Gen. Char. — Calyx hexaphyllus (squamis 3 extus stipata). Petala sex, in- tus biglandulosa. Antherce valvis dehiscentes. Bacca monolocularis, di- tri- (poly-) sperma. — DC Berberis aristata; spinis simplicibus tripartitisve, foliis coriaceis ob- ovato-oblongis ciliato-dentatis (integerrimisque), racemis compositis nutantibus multifloris, petalis emarginatis. B. aristata, De Cand. Syst. Veg. v. ii. p. 8. " B. chitn'a, Buchan. in Herb, Linn." — Bot. Reg. t. 729. B. sinensis, Desf. Cat. 1804, p. 150. ? — ^De Candolle, Regn. Veg. v. ii. p. 8. The jtofvering plants in our garden scarcely exceed two feet in height, branch- ed, the branches erect, brown, terete, their new shoots almost red. Leaves in clusters of four or five, dark green, (in the young shoots pale green, and margined with red), coriaceous, nerved, reticulated when dry, ob- longo-obovate, attenuated at the base, acute at the extremity, their mar- gins more or less ciliato-dentate, in some varieties occasionally quite en- tire. At the base of each cluster of leaves is a single or trifid spine, ha- ving its segments spreading, of a greenish colour inclining to red, suc- culent when young ; when old hard and brown. From the centre of several of these clusters of leaves arises a drooping ra- ceme, about four inches long, with the pedicels branched and forked, each of the ramifications of a reddish colour, swollen at the extremity and at the base, the latter being invested with numerous, small, acute, bright red bracteas. Flower large, drooping, having externally at the base four or six concave deciduous bracteas, red in the outer ones, the innermost yellow, and gradually assuming the shape of the leaflets of the calyx. Calyx of six leaves, alternately larger, yellow, entire. Corolla of six re- gular, nearly erect, ovate, concave petals, with two folds or plicae with- in, two small, honey-bearing glands near the base, and notched at the top. Stamens six, one within each petal, yellow. Filament stout, pro- truded beyond the cells of the Anther, which are placed on each side of the filament, and open by valves which fly upwards to permit of the es- cape of the Pollen. Germen oblong, green. Style extremely short, thick. Stigma large, thick, greenish, peltate. VOL. II. Raised from seeds which were sent to our Botanic Garden by Dr Wallich, who had received them from Nepal, where this species of Berberis appears to have been first discovered by Dr Buchanan Hamilton. It forms a small and hand- some shrub, not much unlike the common European species, but with leaves of a far more coriaceous texture, and more dis- tinctly ciliato-dentate, its flowers much larger, and with more spreading floral coverings, and the petals emarginate at the ex- tremity. I find by the specimens of this plant in my herbarium, which I have received from Dr Wallich, and from Sir James E. Smith, that not only are its leaves liable to much variation in their greater or less degree of denticulation, some of these being quite entire at the margins ; but also that the spines are equally dissimilar, many being quite simple, others having two small lateral spines, and others again with all of these equal in length : sometimes they are wholly wanting. Fig. 1 . A flower-bud shewing its bracteas, which soon after expansion fall away. Fig. 2. Expanded flower. Fig. 3. Stamen with cells opening by valves. Fig, 4. Pistil with its two glands. Fig. 5. Pistil : a, The recep- tacle from which the petals and the calyx are removed ; b, The enlarged summit of the pedicel. — All more or less magnified. 99 CALCEOLARIA rugosa. Sage-leaved Slipper-Jiower, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. SCROPHULARINM, Juss. Br. Kunth. Gen. Char. — Caljjx quadripartitus. Corolla bilabiata ; labium inferius in- flatunij calceiforme. Capsjila semxhiwaivis •, valvulis bifidis. — Vahl. Calceolaria rugosa; foliis lanceolatis inaequaliter serratis rugosis glabris, pedunculis terminalibus di- trichotomis. C. rugosa, " Fl. Perm. v. i. p. I9. t. 28. f. 6." — Vahl, Enum. v. i. p. 188. C. integrifolia; foliis indivisis, " LiNN.m Act. Holm. 1770? — Syst. Veg. ed. IS. p. 61 r " Calceolaria salviee folio, vulgo Chacaul, Feuill. Perm. v. iii. p. 13. t. 7. f. 1." Stem one and a half to two feet in height, erect, branched from the axils of the leaves, particularly near the base, terete, of a purple-brown colour, slightly pubescent or hairy above. Leaves numerous but distant, oppo- site and connate at the base, lanceolate, patent and recurved, acute, at- tenuated at the base into a short kind of footstalk, the margin acutely and distantly unequally serrated or dentato- serrate, distinctly veined and wrinkled, beneath having the veins prominent ; the whole of the leaves are glabrous, except in the young leaves, where a decided pubescence is visible on the under side : the colour a yellowish-green. Flowers placed in large, handsome panicles, at the extremity of the stems, the panicle di- or trichotomous in its ramification, the ultimate branch- let, however, being subumbellate. Bracteas placed in pairs at the base of each division of the panicle, the lowermost ones scarcely differing from the leaves but in being shorter and broader, the upper ones gradually smaller and more cordate. Calyx of four green, spreading, broadly ovate obtuse leaves, glabrous or very minutely ciliated at the margin, veined. Corolla of a fine deep yel- low, large and glabrous, slipper-shaped ; the upper lip remarkably short, the lower one large, globose, with the sides and extremity singularly in- volute and hidden within the cavity, the whole curved upwards so as to cover the upper lip, and almost wholly concealing it. Stamens placed upon a raised margin at the base and within the upper lip of the corolla ; Filaments short, subulate. Anther white, of two oblong lobes, placed end to end, and deflexed before bursting, and white, afterwards rising up«. VOL. II. wards, becoming horizontal, and opening on the top. Pollen whitish. Germen broadly ovato-conical, green, minutely glandular, running up in- to a shortish style. Stigma rather acute. Under my description of Calceolaria paralia, I hinted at another fine species of this genus, likewise received from Chili, which was expected soon to blossom in the stoves of the Bota- nical Garden at Edinburgh. Fine flowering specimens of this were sent to me by my valued friend Dr Graham in July, to- gether with an exact delineation of the plant by Mr Gre- TILLE. Here, again, as in the former instance, I have to regret my inability to have recourse to the rare works on the Peruvian Plants, pubhshed by Cavanilles, Feuillee, and Kuiz and Pavon. As far, however, as I can judge from the de- scriptions of the Calceolarice in Vahl's Enumeratio Plan- tarum, the present individual is the C rugosa * of that work and of the Flora Peruviana, where it is described as an m- habitant of sandy places in Chili. In the size and general aspect of the flowers, a considerable affinity may be perceived between this and the C. par alia al- ready figured in this work ; but here the involution of the mar- gin, and the curvature of the lower lip, are much more remark- able The leaves are quite diflPerent, numerous upon the stem, much resembling, as is remarked in the Enumeratio Planta- rum, those of Salvia officinalis. Fiff 1. Corolla. Fig. 2. Section of the same. Fig. 3. Flower from which the lower lip of the corolla is removed, to shew the upper hp enclosing the pistil and the stamens. Fig. 4. Stamens. Fig. 5. Stamen, after the opening of the valves of the Anther. Fig. 6. Calyx and pistil.-^// more or less magnijied. • Since the above description was written, a Calceolaria has appeared in the 744th Plate of the Botanical Register, which is given as the true C. integrifoUa of L^^^^^; Sj^t. Veg. This plant we possess in the Botanic Garden ; but it has not blossomed w h u . It IfFers from our C. rugosa, in the downy, larger, and more regularly serrated lea^e. and, according to the figure, in the pubescent corolla. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 100 CAROLINEA alba. White-flowered Carolinea. MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.— Nat. Oud. MALVACEM. Gen. Char — Calyx subtruncatus. Filamenla ramosa. Slylus longissimus. Stigmata sex. Capsula lignosa, unilocularis, polysperma. — W. Carolinea alha ; foliis septenatis, foliolis elliptico-lanceolatis, corolla ex- tus fasciculato-tomentosa, tube staminifero longo quinquelobo, fila- mentis dichotomis. C. alba, LoDDiGES, Bot. Cabinet, t. 752. Stem arboreous, of considerable height, twenty feet in the stove of the Liver- pool Garden. Leaves upon footstalks, a foot or more long, septenate, leaflets from 4, to 6 or even 8 inches in length, elliptical, lanceolate, en- tire, glabrous, veined, rather obtuse at the point, at the base tapering ra- ther suddenly into a petiole of about an inch in length. Fhwers solitary, axillary. Peduncle about an inch and a half long, thick, green. Calyx an inch in length, and rather more in breadth, cup-shaped, glabrous, green, truncate at the margin, or very obscurely or obtusely lobed, within brown and shining, yellow in the lower half Petals five ; four or five inches long, linear-oblong, slightly connected at their very base, white, with a greenish tinge, or yellowish only in the lower half: between membranaceous and carnose, and covered with numerous, mi- nute, scattered tufts of short dark fasciculated hairs, which give the whole a pubescent appearance, within glabrous. Tube of the slametis about an inch and a half or two inches long, cylindrical, white, thick and fleshy, at the top five-lobed, having the outside of the lobes bearing a great number of long, white, forked Jlaments, ratlier shorter than the corolla, each branch tipped with a reniform, single-celled, transverse, brown An-, ther, of which the under side is waxy, and apparently discharges pollen as well as the vertical suture above, which never appears to expand, but which, when cut open, is found to contain also a waxy substance, mixed with the pollen. The pollen, however, separates from this, and is seen scattered over the surface of the anthers, in the form of triangular, flat granules, with a globule at each angle. Sometimes there are two ceUs upon one filament; but in that case the filament is not forked : so that it would appear, that the bifurcation is the splitting of a filament, each of which carries a cell of the anther. Pistil: Germen small, ovato'oblong, yellow, with 6 angles, and 6 (or 7) cells, tapering into a filiform style, rather longer than the stamens, slightly curved, white at the base, the VOL. IL rest rose-coloured. Stigma obscurely 6 or 7-lobed, distinctly so in LoD- DiGEs' figure, so that perhaps mine was injured in the carriage. First noticed by Messrs Loddiges in their Botanical Ca- binet, and figured there nnder the name of Carolinea alba ; but unfortunately without any specific character, or indication of marks, by which it'miglit be distinguished from other spe- cies of the same genus. Native of the Brazils, and communicated to me by my at- tentive friends Messrs Shepherds of the Liverpool Garden, in the month of January. The blossom exhales a faint and unpleasant smell. On comparing this plant with some noble specimens of Ca- rolinea insignis, which I received from my valued correspon- dent the Reverend Lansdown Guilding of St Vincent's, a very striking similarity was observable between them. The leaves are very nearly the same, and so is the general aspect of the inflorescence ; but in the C. insignis, the flower is almost twice the length of that of C. alba, the tube of the stamens is di- vided into a number of bundles of filaments, and the outside of the corolla is wholly and minutely pubescent, and by no means fasciculato-pubescent. Very nearly allied to the present plant, is likewise tlie Bombax heptaphyllum ; the flower of which, in the specimens sent to me by Dr Carey of Serampore, has the petals clothed on the outside with a similar fasciculated pubescence ; but of which the calyx is deeply lobed, the petals are short and broad- er, and the filaments, though decidedly forked, have only a very short tube at the base. Still, I should think, in spite of these differences, that the two plants properly belong to the same genus. Indeed, as it appears to me, the genera of Bombax, Carolinea and Pachira, require a thorough revision, and ample descriptions to be made from fresh specimens. In having cells to the fruit, this plant departs from the generic character of Carolinea. Fig. 1. Forked filament. Fig. 2, 3. Anthers. Fig. 4. Double anther. Fig. 5. Pollen. Fig. 6. Calyx cut open, shewing the pistil. Fig. 7- Section of the germen. Fig. 8. Portion of a petal, to shew the tufts of hairs. Fig, 9- Tuft of hairs. — All ntorc or less magnified. 101 TRIXIS SENECIOIDES Groundsel-like Trixis. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS.— Nat. [Ord. CICHORACEJE, Div. LABIATIFLOR^, De Cand.—Tnm. NASSAU YI^, Cass. Gen. Char. — hivolucrum ovatum, imbricatum, foliolis ina?qualibus. Flosculi omnes hermaphroditic!, bilabiati, exteriores majores radium aemulantes, labio exteriore piano majore tridentato ; interiore parvo bidentato. Pap- pus pilosus, sessilis. Receptaculum nudum aut subpilosum. — Be Cand. Trixis senecioides ; herbacea pubescens, foliis sinuato-pinnatifidis denta- tis, caulinis amplexicaulibus. An annual, herbaceous, slender plant, of about one foot, or a foot and a half in height. Stem branched, especially upwards, in a dichotomous manner, branches pubescent. Leaves distant, the lower ones 3 or 4 inches in length, oblong, rather narrower towards the base, when they become semi- amplexicaul, throughout their whole length sinuato-pinnatifid ; the seg- ments rounded, and more or less toothed : the upper leaves (mostly at the dichotomies of the branches) much smaller, toothed and lobed at the margin, waved and subtortuose, amplexicaul, broad and almost auricu- lated towards the base, all of them rather dark green, and very minutely pubescent, on the under side whitish and somewhat cottony. Flowers of a moderate size, pure white. Involucre hemispherical, composed of se- veral linear-lanceolate, imbricated, erect, pubescent scales, the outei-most of which are the smallest. Receptacle flat, punctated, naked in the centre, near the margin having a circle or single series of upright, gla- brous, chaffy, linear-oblong, denticulated scales, nearly equal in height to those of the involucre. Florets, a few of the larger ones on the outside of the chaffy scales of the receptacle, but the greater number within them, tubular in the lower half, above divided into two very unequal ligulate lips ; of these the outer one is much the largest, ovato-oblong, more or less recurved, and obscurely 3-toothed at the extremity, pure white ; the interior one small, revolute, ligulate, at first white, at length transversely wrinkled and horn-colored. The larger lip I have, in one instance, seen divided into two unequal portions longitudinally. Stamens 5, syngenesious. Anthers yellow, their base produced on each side, their extremities with long upright appendages, which, from a yellowish colour at first, become afterwards almost black. Germen oblong, hispid, VOL. II. surmounted with a pappus, which is covered with shortish hairs. Style at first (as well as the stigma) concealed within the anther-tube, after- wards exceeding it in length, white. Stigma bipartite, segments linear, spreading, extremities obtuse. Achenium (immature) oblong. Pappus plumoso-pilose. A native of Chili, whence seeds were communicated to our garden by Mr Cruikshanks. The plant blossomed in the months of August and September in the greenhouse, and pre- sented, in that state, both in its leaves and flowers, a striking similarity to those of Senecio elegans. On a more accurate inspection of the structure of the blos- soms, however, it will be at once seen that the plant cannot be- long to the same order of the Class Syngenesia ; the florets being by no means in any part tubular, nor do they accord with the generality of the ligulate florets of the Nat. Ord. Compo- sitce ; for here the corolla is distinctly two-lipped, one lip, in- deed, being considerably smaller than the other, and soon be- coming revolute, coloured, and wrinkled. Of a considerable number of plants belonging to this fa- mily, having the peculiarity of structure just mentioned, La- GASCA and De Candolle, about the same time, constituted a tribe, distinct from the other Compositce, but whose place was between the Cichoracece and Cinarocephalce ; the former giving it the name of Lahiatiflorce ; the second that of Chce- nanthophoroe. Most of the genera of this tribe are included either in the Mutisice of Cassini, or else in his Nassauvice ; to the latter our present plant belongs. That author, guided by natural affinities, has, with great propriety, placed the Nassauvice next to Senecionece. Fig. 1. Section of the receptacle and involucre. Fig. 2. Scale of the invo- lucre. Fig. 3. Scale of the receptacle. Fig. 4. Young floret, the lips not fully expanded. Fig. 5. Floret from the centre of the receptacle. Fig. 6. Floret from the circumference. Fig. 7- Anthers. Fig. 8. Young fruit. Fig. 9, Portion of the pappus. — All more or less magnified. 102 COCCOLOBA DIVERSIFOLIA. Various-leaved Seaside Grape. OCTANDRIA DIGYNIA._Nat. Ord. POLYGONEM. Gen. Char — Calyx quinquepartitus, coloratus. Corolla 0. Bacca calycina, monosperma. — W. Coccoloba dwersifolia ; foliis rarausculorura ovatis, ramorum ovato-cor- datis. — Jacq. C. diversifolia, 5xcq. Am. Bot. p. 114. t. 76 Willd. Sp. PL v. ii. p. 458. A small tree, reaching in the stove of the Liverpool Botanic Garden to the height of eight or ten feet, compact in its mode of growth. Branches cylindrical, greenish-brown, the young ones green. Leaves varying from ovato-cordate, as are the greater number, to ovate, as in those growing upon the ultimate branchlets ; subcoriaceous, smooth, bright green, ra- ther shining, glabrous, the margin quite entire, the extremity rather ob- tuse, veined, petiolated ; petioles short, flattened above. Racemes, or rather spikes, from four to six inches in length, filiform, green. Flowers rather distantly placed, in pairs (vide Fig. 4.), each pair inclosed in a somewhat truncated, membranaceous bractea, nearly sessile; me flowering long before the other. Calyx deeply divided into five ovate lobes, about half inferior, pale yellow-green, concave, slightly tubercled externally, at length reflexed : its aestivation imbricating. Corolla none- Stamens eight, scarcely longer than the segments of the calyx, filiform, all united into one annular body at the base around the pistil. Anthers didymous, pale yellow. Pistil: Germew more than half inferior. Styles three, tapering upwards, curved at the extremity, and obtuse at the point ; Stigmas obtuse. Native of the West Indies (St Domingo, according to Jacquin), and received by Messrs Shepherd at the excel- lent Botanic Institution of Liverpool under the name of Coc- coloha harhadensis. From that species, however, as it is fi- gured and described by Jacquin, Obs. t. 8. who only appears to have known the plant without flower, it differs in the even, not waved margin of its leaves ; and it appears so entirely to VOL. II. agree with the C. diversifolia of the same author, pubHshed in his Stirpes Americance, that I have no hesitation in adopting that specific name. The germen is, for the greater portion of its length, inferior, in at least this species of the genus ; and the fruit is described by Jacquin as a roundish drupe, about the size of a small cherry, umbilicated and furrowed at the top by the connivent segments of the calyx or perianth. This fruit is of a beautiful purple colour within, possessing a flavour similar to that of C. uvifera, but more austere, and is eaten only by children and the Negroes. The annexed delineation was taken in the month of Ja- nuary. Fig. 1. Front view of a flower. Fig. 2. Stamen. Fig. 3. Upper part of the Germen and Styles. Fig. 4-. Two flowers surrounded by the bractea ; a, Inferior portion of a germen ; b, Unexpanded stamens of the calyx. Fig. 5. Pistil ; the calyx and stamens being removed. — All more or less magnified. lOS POLYSTACHYA LUTEOLA. Pale-flowered Polystachya. GYNAKDRIA MONANDRIA._Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEJE. Gen. Char. — Petala resupinata, conniventia, duobus superioribus basi unitis gibbosis duobus interioribus multo niinoribus. Lahellum articulatum, sessile. Anthem operculiformisj libera. Massce Pollinis quatuor, hemi- sphaericas, ceracege, pedicello glanduloso affixae. Polystachya luteola. Dendrobium polystachion, Swartz, De Orchid, p. 95. — Willd. Sp. PI. V. iv. p. 137. — LiNDL. Coll. But. t. 20. Cranichis luteola, Sw. Ind. Occ. v. iii. p. 1433. Epidendrum minutum, Aubl. PI. Guian. Root composed of several thickish, white, flexuose, simple fibres. Stem none. Leaves two in number, from three to five inches long, lanceolate, obtuse, obscurely striated, attenuated at the base, and springing from a small bulb, which is ovate and covered at its base, where it is fixed upon the fibres, with brown membranaceous scales. Scape about seven inches in height, much compressed, two-edged, and cloth- ed with a long membranaceous sheath, bearing at the extremity five or six racemes or spikes of small, pale green, resupinate * flowers, which have each a minute lanceolate bractea. Peduncle or rachis about an inch long, beset with as many teeth-like bracteas as there are flowers. The three outer segments of the corolla are subconnivent and green, the two outermost ones much the largest, broadly ovate, united at the back, and very gibbous above, somewhat open in the front, one-nerved, the lower- most one narrow, standing forward. The two inner segments very nar- row, linear, pale green. Lip yellowish, articulated with the decurrent base of the column, obovato-oblong, standing forward, concave, downy within, three-lobed at the extremity, the two lateral lobes small, straight, the intermediate one broad, curved back, waved. Germen rather longer than the flower, subclavate, furrowed. Column very short, its base de- current with the back of the two superior petals, and thus uniting them. • Or, more properly speaking, not resupinate. In most orchideous plants, the la- bellum is on the underside of the flower ; but this position, as Mr Brown has justly remarked, is owing to a twist in the germen. Here the germen is in its most natural position, and the lip is uppermost. VOL. II. Stigma subquatlrate, concave. Anther terminal, subhemispherical, two- celled. Pollen-masses two, spherical, bipartite, or rather perhaps four in number, placed in pairs, affixed to a short, white glandular footstalk. From the Liverpool collection, to which it was sent from the East Indies by Dr A¥allich. Swartz states that the Polystachya is an inhabitant of the Isle of France, as well as of Jamaica and Hispaniola in the West Indies. Mr LiNDLEY has given an admirable figure and descrip- tion of the plant in his Collectanea Botanica ; but he had not seen the pollen-masses in a perfect state. Still, judging from the habit of the individual, he thought that it would be desirable to divide it from Dendrohium. The nature of its pollen-mass is indeed quite different, and the general structure of the flower is also very unlike that of either D, Pierardi or D. Jimhria- tum ; hence, not finding that this plant would agree with any genus of orchideous plants hitherto described, I have constituted a new one, derived from croXy?, many, and s-u^vg, a spike, in allusion to its numerous spikes borne upon the same scape ; a circumstance so unusual in this family. Fig. 1. Side-view of a flower. Fig. 2. Front view of the same. Fig. 3. Front view of a flower, the lip being removed, and the petals somewhat spread open. Fig. 4. Inner view of the lip. Fig. 5. Column. Fig. 6. Inner view of an anther-case. Fig. 7. Pollen-mass. — All more or less magnified. 104 ADIANTUM cAUDATUM. Attenuated Maiden-hair Fern, CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES.— Nat. Ord. FILICES. Gen. Char. — Sort elongati vel subrotundi. Indudis membranaceis e mar- gine ortis, intemis dehiscentibus, inserti. — TV. Adiantum caudatum; hirsutulum, frondibus pinnatis, pinnis oblongis obtusis dimidiatis basi truncatis, margine superiore inciso-laciniato, laciniis emarginatis, indusiis hirtis, rachi pubescente apice nuda elon- gata radicante. A. caudatum, Willd. a%). P/. v. 5. p. 431. — Schkuhr, FiZic. 1. 11?. — Burm. Zeyl. p. 8. t. 5. f. 1. A. hirsutum, Willd. Sp. PL p. 432. Stipes long, curved, rounded, purple, scaly at the base. Fronds a foot or more long, linear-lanceolate, flexuose, pinnated; pinnae rather closely placed, horizontal, the largest of them nearly an inch in length, oblong and dimidiate, or semiovate, obtuse, truncated at the base, slightly hairy and veiny on both sides, deeply cut on the upper edge into about five li- near, parallel, often bifid segments, each emarginate at the point and ci- liated ; the barren extremities crenated. Rachis deep purple, hairy on the upper surface, glabrous on the under side, lengthened out at the ex- tremity, naked, curved, and rooting at the very point. The Indusium or Involucre is formed by the curving inward of the extremity of each segment of the pinnae, brown, hairy, rotundate. The inside of this (Fig. 3.) is covered with a great number of minute, brown, rounded, pedicellate capsules. This elegant Fern, which has not yet, so far as I am aware, been cultivated in our stoves, is said by Willdenow to be a native of Arabia Felix, Malabar, Ceylon, and Java. Dr Bu- chanan Hamilton found the specimen from which the ac- companying figure was taken, at Gualpara, in the year 1808 ; and he states generally, that it is an inhabitant of shady spots VOL. II. in Bengal. In his notes, Dr Hamilton has correctly ob- served, that BuRMANN's figure in the Thesaurus Zeylanicus, has the pinnae much less deeply cut than in our plant ; still, I think that it is intended for the same species. WiLLDENOw's Adiantum hirsutum seems to differ scarce- ly at all from this. Fig. 1. Single pinna. Fig. 2. Extremity of a segment^ with fructification. Fig. 3. Indusium forced back, to shew the cluster of capsules attached to its under side. Fig. 4. Capsule and seeds.—- more or less magnified. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 105 PRIMULA SINENSIS. Splendid Chinese Primrose. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA— Nat. Ord. PRIMULACEJE. Gen. Chxvl.— 'Calyx quinquedentatus. Corollo hypocrateriformis, tubo cy- lindrico, ore nudo. Stigma globosum. Capsula unilocularis, decera- dentata. Primula sinensis ; foliis lobatis incisis hirsutis, floribus verticillatis, co- rollae limbo obliquo, calyce conico-inflato. P. sinensis, Sabine, MSS. u, Calyce quinquedentato, corollse limbo integerrimo. — Tab. 105. fi, Calyce subdecemdentato, corollis crenato-incisis. Primula sinensis, LiNDLEY, CoU. Bot. t. 7« Primula praenitens, Bot. Reg, t. 529- Root perennial. Leaves very soft, all of them radical, petiolated, hairy, di- vided into about seven, rather deep, ovate lobes, which are subtrifid, cut and bluntly serrated, of a rather dingy green colour, often purple be- neath, where the nerves are prominent. Petiole about two or three inches long, cylindrical, purple, grooved at the top, hairy. Scapes from four to six inches high, two or three of them arising from the same root, cylindrical, hairy, and each bearing two or three whorls of large, showy flowers, whose fragrance is very similar to that of the common primrose *, (P. acaulis J. Bracteas lanceolate, cut into long segments at the margin, one to each pedicel. Pedicels two or three inches long, slender, filiform, patent, hairy. Calyx conical, inflated, hairy, veined, in » having five distinct acute teeth, in /3 about ten unequal teeth, or being irregularly multidentate, hairy. Corolla an inch, or an inch and a half in diameter, hypocrateriform ; its tube subcylindrical, yellow, slightly hairy, the limb constantly oblique, divided into five large, closely placed, obcordate, pale purple segments, notched at the extremity, but otherwise being entire at the margin of «; while in ji, the margin of the segments is inciso-dentate ; the eye bright yellow. Stamens placed within the tube, sometimes near the mouth, sometimes half- way down. Filament white, short, scarcely indeed existing. Anthers oblong, yellow. Germen small, ovate, green. Style filiform, nearly as long as the calyx. Stigma capitate. * The same scent is observable, though in a fainter degree, upon the foliage. VOL. II. After such valuable figures and descriptions of this plant had been given as those in the Collectanea Botanica and the Botanical Register, I should hardly have ventured upon again bringing this species before the public, were it not, that, owing to the extension of its cultivation, it has been found to vary from its original types, and thus to have effaced the most striking marks upon which its original specific character was founded;— marks by which, in the opinion of Mr Lindley, it seemed at variance with that of the genus itself, namely, its ten-toothed or multidentate calyx, and its inciso-crenate co- rolla. In the two individual plants which I have had the op- portunity of examining, the one in the Botanical Garden of Edinburgh, the other in that of Glasgow, both derived from the Horticultural Society of London, the calyx is constantly and distinctly five-toothed; and the corolla has its margin as entire as that of any other Primula. The variation (for the subject of the present plate we shall consider as the original stock) may, as Mr Gawler has inti- mated, arise from luxuriance, or it may prove to be of a more permanent nature. The obliquity of the limb of the corolla is a striking and very constant character, as is also the verticillate inflorescence. Our plants of P. sinensis have been in flower during al- most the whole winter, being kept in a cool airy part of the greenhouse; but the season is unfavourable to the ripening of the seed. For the truly beautiful drawing from which the annexed engraving was made, I am indebted to my friend K. K. Gre- viLLE, Esq. ; and for many of the above remarks to Dr Graham. Fig. 1. Corolla, cut open. Fig. 2. Calyx. Fig. 3. Section of a calyx, to ''shew the pistil within,— 7Hare or less magnified. 106 SCUTELLARIA parvula. Small American Skullcap. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.— Nat. Ord. LABI ATM. Gen. C^Kn.— Calyx ore integro : post florescentiara clauso, operculato. Co- rolla tubus elongatus — Pers. Scutellaria parvula; glanduloso-pubescens, foliis ovatis integerrimis ses- silibus conformibus, floribus axillaribus solitariis. S. parvula, Mich. Fl. Bor. Am. v. ii. p. 11— Pursh, N. Am. Fl. v. ii. p. 412. Root, in my specimens, apparently annual, according to Pursh biennial, small, fibrous. Plant everywhere covered with short, glandular, pu- bescence. Stem erect, from 2 to 4 or 5 inches high, simple, or throwmg out a few branches from its base, erect, four-sided, leafy. Leaves small, opposite, ovate, entire, the margins slightly recurved, the lowermost ones, or root leaves, shortly petiolate, the rest quite sessile, veined. Flowers springing singly from the axils of the uppermost leaves, opposite, pale purplish-blue, placed on short footstalks. Calyx subcylmdrical, green, tinged with purple, glandular, the back of the crest however gla- brous, two-lipped, the lips entire: in a more advanced state, the crest becomes greatly enlarged, and forms a sort of helmet or lid to the top. Corolla glandular, with a longish tube, curved upward, and there en- larged, two-lipped ; the upper lip very short, S-lobed, the two lateral lobes small, minutely crenate, the intermediate one notched, as if for the reception of the two upper stamens; fower Zi/) large, pendent, 3-lobed, the intermediate lobe the largest, all of them slightly crenate at the mar- gin. Stamens ^vhite. ^nMer. l-celled, slightly ciliated. Germen foTm- ed of four rounded, green lobes, placed upon the top of a pedicelliform receptacle, which has a large, glandular, yellow swelling at the base. Style scarcely so long as the flower. Stigma bifid. The Scutellaria parvula was first discovered by Michaux in tlie territory of the IHnois, North America: it grows also in Canada, and is described in the Flora Borealis Amen- canoe. Mr Goldie brought home dried specimens and seeds from the British settlements in Canada, and succeeded in VOL. II. raising plants in the nursery at Monkswood Grove, Ayr. In cultivation, the S. parvula attains to twice the size of the in- dividuals here represented, which are native specimens, and has also many branches springing from the base of the stem. This species is doubtless very nearly allied, as Michaux remarks, to S. minor of our own country : in the latter plant, however, the leaves are more decidedly heart-shaped at the base, they have also a short petiole, and the whole herb is but slightly pubescent, never glandular ; added to which, its flowers are of a very different figure, and their colour is a pale pink, spotted on the lower lip. Fig. 1. Flower. Fig. 2. Advanced calyx, enclosing the almost fully formed fruit. Fig. 3. Portion of one of the stamens. Fig. 4. Pistil.— more or less magnified. 107 FOLYBOTRYA vivipara. Viviparous Polyhotrya, CUYPTOGAMI A FILICES— Nat. Ord. FILI CES. Gen. CHAR—CapjMte sessiles globosi, in spicis nudis paniculatis aggregati Indusium nullum. — W. Polybotrya vivipara ; frondibus simpliciter pinnatis. P. vivipara, Hamilton's MSS. Root rather large, knotted, producing many coarse and branched downy fibres. Sterile frond placed upon a long stipes, glabrous, or only with a few small brown scales near the base, simply pinnated; the pinnae four or five inches long, lanceolate for the most part of their length, truncate at the base, sessile, standing out horizontally, duplicato-crenate at the margin, furnished in the centre with a strong midrib, and many minute dichotomous nerves branching off at nearly right angles from it, pale green. Rackis minutely scaly. Fertile frond equally pinnatifid, the pinnae filiform, about two or three inches long, filiform in the greater part of their extent, upon which are arranged numerous, subalternate, hemispherical, or almost globular clusters of naked capsules, (Fig. 1.) Each capsuk in itself spherical, pedicellate, reticulated, brown, opening transversely irregularly, and dispersing nu- merous, roundish, minute seeds. The genus Polybotrya is founded upon a South American Fern, discovered by Humboldt, and no other species of this singular and distinct genus seems to have been noticed by au- thors. My kind friend Dr Buchanan Hamilton of Leny House, author of " Travels in the Mysore Country, and through Nepaul," and who is now engaged in writing a commentary upon the Hortus Malabaricus, discovered, so long ago as the year 1808, the present individual, growing in woods at Gualpara, in the eastern parts of Camrupa, in the East Indies. Dr Hamil- ton has distinguished it, in his manuscript notes, by the spe- cific name which I have retained to it. The specimens here VOL. II. delineated being rather in an imperfect state, the viviparous character, from which the proper appellation is derived, does not appear in the plate. From the Polyhotrya osmundacea of Willdenow and Humboldt, published in the 1st volume, tab. 2. of the Nova Genera et Species Plantarum of the latter author, the present individual differs in its simply pinnate, not bipinnate fronds. Fig. 1. Portion of a pinna, with clusters of capsules. Fig. 2. Single un- opened capsule. Fig. 3. Single capsule, in the act of bursting.—^// more or less magnified. 108 ACROSTICHUM appendiculatUxM. Appendaged Acrostichum. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES.— Nat. Ord. FILICES. Gen. CH\n.—Capsula: spars*, discum totum inferiorem frondis, vel ejus partem occupantes. Indusium nullum. Acrostichum appendicidatum ; frondibus pinnatls, pinnis lanceolatis cre- natis basi sursum auriculatis, fertilium pinnis ellipticis integerrimis, rachi alato. A. appendiculatum ? Willd. Sp. PL v. 5. p. 114. A. viviparum, Hamilton's MSS. Root creeping, scaly, throwing out downy fibres. Fronds from six or eight inches to three feet in height, the stipes of them being from four inches to a foot long, somewhat scaly, the rest is lanceolate, acuminate in its outline or circumscription, cut into numerous, simple, rather distantly placed pinnse, which are in themselves lanceolate, two or three inches in length, subfalcate, obtuse at the extremity, and bluntly crenate at the margins, the base truncate, or somewhat wedge-shaped, auricled above ; midrib not running through the centre, but nearer to the lower margin of the frond ; the extremity somewhat caudate and bulbiferous ; bulbs scaly, and becoming new plants. Rachis and upper part of the stipes winged. Ferlile fronds, in the individuals that have come under my observation, longer than the sterile ones, which arise from the same root ; pinnated above with elliptical, very obtuse, entire pinnae, much smaller than the sterile ones, and covered on the under side with the numerous, brown, naked capsules. Found at Nabovi, in Eastern Camrupa, in 1801, by Dr Buchanan Hamilton, who named it in his MS. A. vivi- parum, though fully aware, at the same time, of its affinity with the A. appendiculatum of Willdenow. The only points of difference, as noticed by the latter author, arc, that A, appendiculatum is a smaller plant, and has the fertile pin- VOL. II. use subrotuiid; and lie overlooks the winged rachi^ of the present species. Still, I am of opinion, that the same plant is intend- ed by WiLLDENOW. From New Zealand, I have the fertile frond of an Aero- stichum, which I cannot distinguish from this, given me by Mr LiNDLEY. Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond. Fig. 2. Single capsule. 109 EPIDENDRUM? monophyllum. One-leafed Epidendrum, GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.— Nat. Okd. ORCHIdEJE. Div. Anthera terminalis, mobilis, decidua. Massoe pollinis demum cereacea. Gen. Char.-— Columna cum ungue labelli longitudinaliter connata in tubum (quandoque decurrentem ovarium). Massce pollinis 4, parallelae, septis completis persistentibus distinctae, basi filo granulato elastico auctae. — Br. Epidendrum? mcmophyllum; caule unifoiio, folio elliptico-lanceolato ob- tuse, racemo paucifloro e sinu folii, petalis conniventibus una cum labello lanceolatis, duobus interioribus minutis, columna superne alata dentata. Root parasitic, consisting of a few short, simple, flexuose fibres. Stems two or three together, scarcely ever exceeding an inch in length, erect, slen- der, surmounted by a single elliptical, lanceolate, fleshy, pale green, ob- tuse leaf, which has a midrib, but is destitute of nerves. From the base of the leaf proceeds the fowerstalk, bearing two small blos- soms, each of which is surrounded at the base with a sheathing bractea. Pedicel short, rather swollen upwards, and there jointed, as it were, at the setting on of the germen. Corolla with the petals closed, or only very slightly separated ; the three outer ones lanceolate, pale green, with a prominent central line, the two lowermost of these somewhat gibbous at the base, and there united. The two innermost and lateral petals are also lanceolate, but minute, whitish, with a red central line. Lip small, about equal in length to the inner petals, lanceolate, standing out paral- lel with the petals, and concealed by''them ; nearly plane, slightly serrat- ed at the margin, near the base above having two indistinct tubercles ; its colour deep purple. Column shorter than the inner petals, straight, semicylindrical at the base, above, at the base of the anther, expanding into a sort of hood, formed by the concave, broadly winged and toothed margin: the base running down towards the base of the lip, deep purple. Anther operculiforra, placed in a hollow or recess in the broad upper part of the column, and immediately above a membranous process which co- vers the stigma, 2-celled ; each cell having a pollen-mass composed of two pieces, yellow, waxy, united at their bases by a white glutinous gland. Germen very short, purple, tuberculated, not twisted ? VOL. II. Together with Cymhidium f bituberculatum, soon to be figured in this work, Mr Shepherd was so obliging as to send me from the Liverpool Garden the present highly curious little plant, introduced by Mr Wiles from Jamaica, but of which I am equally at a loss as with the Cymbidium just mentioned, to ascertain accurately the genus. Indeed I have only reduced it to the genus Epidendrum, on account of its general affinity with Epidendrum polybulbion of Swartz, a plant, again, which cannot belong to the same genus as the E. nutans of this work, which latter may probably be considered as the true type of the genus Epidendrum. Fig. 1. Plant, natural size. Fig. 2. Back view of a flower. Fig. 3. Under view of the same. Fig. 4. Side view of the same. Fig. 5. Flower de- prived of its three outer petals. Fig. 6. Column and lip. Fig. 7. Front view of the column and of the two inner petals. Fig. 8. Upper part of the column; the anther having fallen away. Fig. 9« Anther. Fig. 10. Pollen-masses, removed from the same.'—All but Fig. 1. more or less mag- nified. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 110 PAULLINIA MELItEFOLIA. Azederach-leaved Paullim'a, DC. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA— Nat. Okd. SAPINDACEJE. Gen. Char. — Calyx pentaphyllus subinaequalis. Petala 4, intus appendicu- lata^ quinti deficientis sede vacua. Stamina 8, subinaequalia. Capsula 3- locularis, trivalvis (abortione unilocularis). Semina arillo membranaceo semitecta. Frutices scandentes,foliis compositis, Decand. PauUinia melicefolia ; capsulis rotundato-pyrifbrmibiis 3-alatis, alis par- vis in stylum eohaerentibus, foliis piiinatis tri-quadrijugis cum im- pari, foliolis sessilibus lanceolatis remote-dentatis, inferioribus ter- natis, petiolo alato. ^ P. Meliaefolia, Juss. in Ann. du Mus. v. iv. p. 347. t. 66. f. 2. — Lam. Diet. V. 5. p. 99- — Decand. Prodr. Syst. Veget. p. 605. A climbing plant, with long slender stems and branches, which are deeply furrowed. Leaves frequently near a foot in length, pinnated with 3 or 4 pairs of opposite, lanceolate, acuminated, sessile, distantly toothed or ser- rated, bright green pinnae, glabrous above, very slightly pubescent be- neath, terminated with an odd one. Petioles jointed at the setting-on of the leaflets, and winged. Stipules two at the base of each leaf, oblongo- subfalcate, pale green, slightly ciliated, soon becoming brown. Raceme compound, having a pair of cirrhi at the base, and being placed on a long cirrhiform peduncle v/hich arises from the axil of a leaf, long, pen- dent. Pedicels much branched, with a joint near the middle. Flowers greenish-white ; many of them abortive. Calijx of 5 unequal leaflets ; the two outermost opposite, small, equal, green, between them on one side is a single, and on the other side 2, obovate, larger, pale green equal leaflets. Corolla of four obovato-oblong, white, concave petals, with a vacant space as if for the reception of the fifth petal: this space is opposite the two latter calycine leaflets just mentioned. The petals are furnished within at their base, with a large subpetaliform concave scale, fringed at the margin, and crowned at the top with a bright yellow, subbifid gland. Stamefis 8, unequal in height, and somewhat cohering at their base. Fi- laments thickish ; Anthers oblong, 2-celled, pale yellowish-brown. Pollen triangular. On that side of the flower where is seen the single leaflet of the calyx are 4 small erect glands, at the base of the stamens, and oppo- site to two of the petals. Pistil slightly pedunculated. Germen globoso- VOL. II. triangular, pale green, slightly hairy, tapering upwards into a short style with 3 cells, each containing a single ovule. Stigmas 3. Fruit growing in large, handsome clusters, yellow -green, deeply tinged with red. Cap- sules abounding in a milky juice, globoso-triangular, suddenly tapering at the base into a short stalk, and furnished with 3 obtuse wings, termi- nating above in the short persistent style, constantly 1-celled (two having become abortive and almost obliterated) with one large, ovate seed, half immersed in a pure white fleshy cup or arillus, which is fixed by its base to the bottom of the cell. Albumen none. Embryo occupying the whole cavity of the seed. Cotyledons unequal, radicle inferior. Introduced from Brazil by Kichardson Harrison, Esq. of Aegsburgli, and cultivated in great perfection, both in the stove of that gentleman and in that of the Liverpool Botanic Garden, whence the Messrs Shepherds were kind enough to send me in the month of March very fine specimens both in flower and fruit. These have enabled me to give, as I trust, a tolerably satisfactory analysis of those parts. The capsules are decidedly 3-celled, and each cell has three ovules ; two of which, in all the numerous capsules which I have examined, become by abortion 1-celled and 1 -seeded. With regard to the species, it accords in every respect with the description of P. melicefolia of Jussieu in the Annales du Museum, with the sole exception that it has as often fom^ as three pairs of pinnae to the leaves. No author but M. De Jussieu appears to have been acquainted with the plant, and he did not know its inflorescence, and only described it from dried specimens gathered by Commerson in the Brazils. Fig. 1. Unexpanded flowers of P. melicefolia shewing the two small opposite leaflets of the calyx, and that side of the flower where is seen the larger single leaflet. Fig. 2. Opposite side of a flower-bud, shewing the two large lateral leaflets of the calyx (the two oval swellings immediately within the small calycine leaflets at Figs. 1. & 9- are the base of the petals made convex by the scale within). Fig. 3. View of a flower on that side where the petal is wanting. Fig. 4. Flower, deprived of its petals, shewing the 4 small glands at the base of the stamens. Fig. 5. Petal within its scale. Fig. 6. Stamens. Fig. 7. Pollen. Fig. 8. Pistil. Fig. 9- Section of the germen, shewing the 3 cells, each containing an ovule. Figs. 10. & 11. Capsules, natural size. Fig. 12. Transverse section of a capsule and seed. Fig. 13. Seed with its arillus. Fig. 14. Vertical section of a seed, with its arillus. — All but Figs. 10. & 11. more or less magriified. Ill nCUS NITIDA. Shining-leaved Fig. POLYGAMIA DKECIA.— Nat. Okd. URTICEJE. Gen. Char. — Receptaculum commune subsphaericum, carnosum, connivens, flosculos numerosos distinctos occultans. Masc. Col. 3-partitus. Cor. 0. Stam. 1-3. FcEM. Cal. 3-5 partibus. Cor. 0. Pistillum 1. Semen uni- cura. — W. Ficus nitida ; foliis obovato-ellipticis glabris, venulis anastomosantibus, fructibus geminatis sessilibus depresso-sphaericis. F. nitida, Thunb. Diss, de Fic. n. 14. (Willd.) — Willd. Sp. PL v. iv. p. 1145. — Sm. in Rees' Cycl. — Rheede, Hort. Malabar, v. iii. p. 69. t. 55. A tree much branched and covered with greyish wrinkled bark. Leaves nume- rous, 2 or 3 inches in length, obovato-elliptical, quite entire, obtuse, (rarely ending in a very short blunted acumen), coriaceous, dark green, glabrous and somewhat shining above, pale green beneath ; there are several pa- rallel nerves which meet at their extremities within the margin, and nu- merous smaller ones or veinlets branching off from them, and anasto- mosing, but so minute as to be scarcely discernible by the naked eye : petiole from half to three quarters of an inch long, grooved above. The receptacles are produced in pairs from the axils of the leaves, and are at first covered with thin, concave, fleshy green scales, at length enlarging to about the size of a black currant, when the thin scales remain at the base. The fruit is sessile, globular, but depressed upon the top, where the small orifice is closed by three connivent scales, of a greenish-brown colour, slightly warted : within covered with numerous, small, membra- naceous, pale rose-coloured scales, and numerous whitish florets, both male and female : these are pedicellated, and both have unquestionably a single perianth of 3 narrow, obovate, membranaceous leaflets. The rnale Jhret has a single stamen (never 3), of which the filament is short, the anther ovate, of 2 longitudinal cells ; The female Jhret has one pistil: ger- men ovate, pedicellated ; sti/le filiform, lateral : ovule single, pendent. Received from Mr Shepherd under the name of F. nitida, and as having heen sent to the Liverpool Botanic Garden from the West Indies. The F. nitida of Thunberg, Willde- VOL. II. NOW and Smith, is, however, a native of the East Indies, and is described as having its leaves shortly and obtusely acumi- nated, with numerous and very delicate parallel nerves, charac- ters which do not well correspond with the specimen sent to me. In other respects, the plants sufficiently agree ; nor is the figure in the Hortus Malahciricus, referred to by Will- DENOW and Smith, at all unlike the present individual. If I am correct in supposing the two plants to be the same species, Malabar is its native country, according to Rheede, who states that it there becomes a tree of enormous size, send- ing down its roots from the lofty branches, and affording shade and shelter to the Indians. Various medical properties are likewise attributed to it. It flowers in the stove during the winter and spring. Fig. 1. Young receptacles, covered with their scales. Fig. 2. Single young receptacle, from which the scales (Fig. 3.) have been removed. Figs. 4. & 5. Fruits. Fig. 6. Vertical section of a fruit. Fig. 7. Scales from the inside of the receptacle and floret. Fig. 8. Germen cut open to shew the ovule. Fig. 9- Portion of a leaf, to shew the ramification of the nerves. — All more or less magnified. 112 EPIDENDRUM? polybulbon. Bulb-bearing Epidendrum. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA — Nat. Oud. ORCHIDEM. Gen. Char. — Columna cum ungue labelli longitudinaliter connata in tubum (quandoque decurrentem ovarium). Massae pollinis quatuor, parallelae, septis completis persistentibus distinctae, basi filo granulate elastico auc- tae. — Br. Epidendrum polyhulbum ; caule repente bulbifero, bulbis diphyllis uni- floris, flore pedunculato, lamina labelli cordata. — Sw. E. polybulbon, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 1491. Stem parasitic, long, filiform, creeping, jointed, branched, throwing out long, white, simple fibres from the joints. Joints covered with brown, sheath- ing scales. At every third joint there arises, constantly according to SwARTZ, an oblong, compressed, green, fleshy bulb, tapering at the base into a sort of footstalk, and partly clothed with membranaceous scales, terminating above in two oblong, green, somewhat succulent, emarginate leaves, having a central rib, which is prominent on the under side. Peduncle solitary from between the leaves, and scarcely longer than they are, erect, inclined at the extremity, jointed and clothed with sheathing scales, terminated by a single flower. Calt/x erecto-patent, of five linear, lanceolate, pale yellow-green leaflets, the three outermost of these with three faint reddish lines, the two innermost rather the narrowest, and with only one red line. Labellum scarcely larger than the petals, white, nearly plane, orbiculato-cor- date, waved at the margin, emarginate at the extremity, the base ungui- culate, having the lower part of the claw united with the base of the co- lumn, and decurrent for a little way with the base of the germen. Co- lumn short, semi cylindrical, with two teeth-like processes at the margin, and two horn-like acuminated processes at the extremity, deep purple, its margins white. Anther terminal between the horns, operculate, purple, 2-celled, cells with a partition. Each cell contains two obovato-hemi- spherical compressed pollen-masses, each pair of which terminates in a tail-like appendage, which is applied to the edge t he masses (in the same mode as the radicle of the embryos of many cruciform plants is ap- plied to the edge of the cotyledons), with a gland at the extremity. VOL. II. Introduced from Jamaica by Chaules Horsfall, Esq. of Everton, near Liverpool, and presented by that gentleman to the Liverpool Botanic Garden, where it flowered in Decem- ber 1822. SwARTZ describes this delicate little plant as inhabiting the high mountains of Jamaica, attached to the trunks of trees; and Mr Wiles informs Mr Shepherd that it presents there a beautiful appearance, when it is seen growing in large quan- tities, flowering abundantly, and creeping among the moss at the roots of trees. Unlike the Epidendrum nutans figured in this work, whatever portion of the labellum is connate with the column, is so only at its very base. Fig. 1. Flower, with its petals spread open. Fig. 2. Column and lip. Fig. 3. Column, front view. Fig. 4. Anther-case. Fig. 5. Pollen-masses. 113 lANTHA PALLIDIFLORA. Pale-fiowei^ed lantha. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEM. Gen. Char — Petala minuta, conniventia, subaequalia, libera, inferne una cum labello magno dilatato inarticulato, breviter obtuse calcarato. An- thera operculifonnis, libera. Masses pollinis duo, dorso lobulato pedicello glanduloso affixae. lantha pallidi/hra. Stem none. Leaves binate, linear-lanceolate, four or five inches long, gla- brous and nerveless. Scape arising from between these leaves, in the present individual about half a foot high, and simple ; but evidently, as may be seen from the vestiges of the old scapes which had blossomed in their native country, sometimes attaining a much greater height, and branched ; cylindrical, glabrous, jointed, with scales at the joints, having small bracteas at the base of each flower. Flowers lax and distantly placed. Petals very small, connivent and stand- ing forward, so as to conceal the column of fructification, the three outer- most smallest and equal in size, the two innermost larger and broader, all of them white with purple stripes ; united together with the label- lum at the base, so as to form a short, obtusely 2-lobed spur. Lip very large, pendent, nearly plane, 2-lobed, at the base furnished with two yellow tubercles, the rest of it white, with faint purplish streaks, its mar- gin waved. Germen slender, pedicelliform, twisted. Column very short. Stigma concave, green. Anther hemispherical, yellowish, with two purplish spots, operculiform, free. Pollen-masses two, yellow, coriaceous, each with a small lobe behind, and fixed to a linear, oblong, white foot- stalk, which has at its base an oblong gland ; this gland projects beyond the operculum, where that is fixed upon the column. The subject of the accompanying plate seems to be too in- teresting for me to neglect this opportunity of figuring it, al- though, as far as can be conjectured from some old scapes which remain on the plant, another season might have afforded much finer flowering stems. The individual from which the drawing VOL. II. was made, came from Trinidad, whence it was sent by our li- beral friend Baron de Schack, M. D. and flowered in the stove of the Glasgow Botanic Garden in the month of Novem- ber. It belongs to Mr Brown's Section IV. in Hort. Kew. ; but I can find no genus to which it may be satisfactorily re- ferred. The similarity of the flowers, as to their general effect, with those of some species of Violets, have suggested to me the appellation of lantha. Fig. 1. Single flower. Fig. 2. Lip and spur. Fig. 3. Spur and column of fructification. Fig. 4. Column from which the anther-case is removed, shewing the pollen-mass. 114 POLYPODIUM PLANTAGINEUM. Plantain-leaved Polypodium. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES.— Nat. Oed. FILICES. Gen. Char — Sori subrotundi, sparsi, Indusia nulla. Polypodium plantagineum ; frondibus late lanceolato-oblongis glabris obtusiusculis apice emarginatis proliferis, soris biserialibus. Stipite rachique subtus paleacis. Lingua cervina latifolia, pedunculis squamosis. Plum. Fil. t. 128. /3, Polypodium plantagineum, Jacq. Coll. v. ii. p. 104. t. 3. f. 1. — Swartz, Fil. p. 29.--W1LLD. Sp. PI, V. 5. p. 161. Caudex, according to Plumier, creeping, knotty, but destitute of chafF-like scales, and emitting from below several branching radicles. Stipes from 4 to 6 or 8 inches in length, brown, with numerous chaff-like scales. Frond from 6 inches to a foot long, broadly lanceolato- oblong, sometimes approaching to obovato-oblong, the margin waved, entire, the base acute or slightly attenuated, the apex subacuminated, obtuse, and emarginate, in some instances bearing a scaly bulb or gemma, or throwing out a new plant, which taking root soon attains as great a size as the parent indivi- dual. Midrib chaffy on the underside (which, as well as the stipes in the var. /8, is destitute of scales) ; lateral veins rather distant, parallel, nearly horizontal, waved ; from these, almost at right angles, spring in a curved direction, other lesser veins or veinlets, which again branch out and anastomose so minutely as scarcely to be visible to the naked eye. Texture of the frond thin, and almost membranaceous. Between these curved second veinlets are placed the spots cf fructtficatum, two or four between each pair, and in two rows at pretty equal distances from and between each pair of primary veins. Clusters small, composed of several pedicellated capsules. A native of Martinique, according to Jacquin and Plu- MiER ; for there is no difference between the plants mentioned by the two authors, except that the one has the stipes and un- der side of the midrib chaffy, and the other has not, VOL. II. The Reverend Lansdown Guilding sent me some ex . cellent specimens from the Island of St Vincent's, where they grow upon the ground in moist and shady situations, and al- ways either bearing offspring at the extremity of the frond, or having within the notch at the point a scaly bulb, which en- closes the gemma. Accurately as this fern is figured and described both by Plumieu and Willdenow, it is singular that neither of . them should have spoken of this remarkable property ; both, however, have figured the notch at the extremity, and the for- mer author has not omitted to represent the scaly bud within it. The plant becomes of a dingy blackish-green when dried. Fig. 1. Portion of the frond, to shew the reticulations, and the situation of the sori. Fig. 2. Portion of a ckister of capsules and seeds All more or less magnified. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 115 PRESCOTIA PLANTAGINIFOLIA. Plantain-leaved Prescotia. GYNANDllIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEJE. Sect. II. Anthera stigmati parallela persistens. Massse pollinis vel farinaceeB vel e cw- pusculis angulatis ; apicibus stigmati affixes. — Br. Prodr. Gen. Char. — Perianthium rectum (resupinatum auctorum). Lacinice revo- lutae, duae superiores basi connatae : Lahellum erectuxn, carnosum, cucul- latum, integerrimum, columnam minutissimam amplectens. Anthera bi- locularis persistens, stigmati parallela : Pollima 2, didyma, granulosa, apice gland ula gynizo retuso affixa Lindl. MSS. Prescotia plantaginifolia, Lindl. Hist. Orchid, ined. Stem about a foot and a half in height, cylindrical, somewhat furrowed up- wards, glabrous. Leaves several, the lower ones largest, 5 or 6 inches in length, erecto-patent, broadly oblong or ovato-lanceolate, bluish-green, scarcely striated, rather thick, sheathing at the base ; as they ascend the stem the leaves become gradually smaller and squamiform, or bractei- form, closely appressed. Spike 4-6 or 8 inches long, consisting of very many close, small, green, erect, appressed and resupinate flowers, each subtended by a lanceolate bractea, about half the length of the germen. Rachis stout, green, glabrous, furrowed downward from each side of the flowers. Corolla with the five segments small, slightly concave, green, of which the two at the back of the flower are united at the base, and somewhat gib- bous ; the two inner ones nearly equal in length to the outer, but nar- rower, pale, and of a more delicate texture. Lip resupinate, erect, re- markably cucullate, with a small vertical opening, its texture thick and succulent, and of a darker green than the rest of the flower. Germen ob- longo-clavate, erect, not in the least twisted, scarcely furrowed. Column very short, white. Anther placed at the back of the stigma, and paral- lel with it, fixed by its base, moveable, subcordate, yellow, obtuse, 2-cell- ed. Stigma subquadrate, forming a sort of lip, which is rather shorter than the anther, notched, the notch applied near the top of the cells of the anther, and there receiving the gland of the pollen-masses, which, af- ter the bursting of the anther, are left upon the inside of the stigma. They are composed of four, club-shaped, yellow, granulose bodies, united by their bases in pairs to a gland. Communicated from the splendid garden of the Horticul- tural Society of London, by the liberality of its enlightened VOL. n. Directors To that institution it was sent, with many other rare plants, from Rio Janeiro, in the autumn of 1822, by Mr John Forbes, a most meritorious collector to the Society, who afterwards proceeded upon a mission into the interior of Africa, where he died as he was proceeding up the Zambezi river, in the 25th year of his age, to the irreparable loss of science, and to the great grief of his employers. This plant struck me as bearing so much similarity in its parts of fructification to those of our Malaocis paludosa, that I should have been induced to refer it to that genus, if my va- lued and able friend Mr Lindley had not expressed himself of a different opinion ; and as that gentleman has devoted much attention to the Orchideous plants, with a view to pub- lishing a History of that tribe, his ideas are entitled to the highest respect. The following remarks were kindly communicated to me by Mr Lindley, along with his generic character of Fres- cotia. " Strongly resembhng this plant in habit, especially in its minute green flowers, is a singular individual, of which I possess specimens from Mexico, and which is still more nearly related to Malaxis, as it agrees with that genus in its sec- tional character. I call it Pedilea, (from 5reS/Ao», a shoe). Perianthum rectum (resupinatum audo- rum). Lacinice ovatae ; duae labello suppositae, caeterse (quorum interiores lineares) dependentes. Lahellum erectum, ovatum, calciforme, integer- rimum, apertum. Columna quadrata, minutissima. Anthera terminalis, opercularis, decidua, bilocularis. Pollhda bina, cereacea. Gyniza por- rectus, subquadratus, tridentatus, " I have given the name Pkescotia after our friend John Prescot, Esq. of St Petersburg, who is known no less by his acquaintance with the more minute departments of bo- tany, than by the facilities which he affords to communication between men of science in this country and in Russia." Fig. 1. Flower of Prescolia planiaginifolia, with the corolla in the act of opening, and exposing a part of the lip. Fig, 2. Flower, fully expand- ed. Fig. 3. Back view of a flower. Fig. 4. Back view of the column of fructification; a, The anther; b, The stigma. Fig 5. Front view of the column; a. The anther; b, The stigma. Fig. 6. Front view of a column, with the stigma bent down and the anther forced up, to shew its mode of insertion ; the anther still containing the pollen-masses. Fig. 7. Front view of a column, of which the stigma bears the pollen- masses that have fallen from the cells of the anthers. Fig. 8. Pollen- masses. — All more or less magnified. • I am desirous of here pubUcly acknowledging the extensive and valuable addition to the coUeciion of living plants which our Glasgow Botanic Garden has recently ob- laincd from thi« institutioni Back of Foldout Not Imaged 116 CYMBIDIUM? BlTUBERCtJLATUM. Bitubercled Cymbidium, GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEMi Div. Anth&ra terminalisy mobilis^ deddua. Massce pollinis demum cereacea—Unt Gen. Char. — l^abellum ecalcaraturo, concavum, cuiai basi (siraplici nec pro- ducta) columnae articulatum. Petala patentia, distincta. Massce pollinis duo, postice bilobae. — Br. Cymbidium ? hitvberculatum ; subbulbosura, foliis quaternis ovatis pli- cato-striatis undulatis, labello rejflexo, basi tuberculato, corollae laci- niis duobus interioribus angustioribus. Parasitic ? Stems about five or six inches in height, erect, considerably swollen and jointed ; joints two or three inches long, cylindrical, of a dark hue, pel- lucid and green, in this respect, as Mr H. Shepherd remarks, resembling the stems of a Balsam or Tradescantia ; each joint has a large sheathing scale, acuminated at the point. These old stems remain after flowering, and form linear, oblong, leafy bulbs, often tinged with red. From the summit of the stem rise four leaves, placed close together, each about four inches in length, ovate, erecto-patent, of a thin membranaceous texture, and of a bright yellow-green colour, strongly nerved and plaited, the margin waved. The jiomer-stalk, about eight inches long, springs from the centre of the leaves, it is erect, leafless, remarkably angular, the angles almost winged, of a purple colour below, above paler, almost white. Flowers forming a loose, elongated spike, with very small, lanceolate, purple bracteas. Corolla \ery patent : the three outer petals oblongo-lanceolate, their margins re volute, the upper one rather the longest and narrowest, purple green : the two inner petals linear, their margins revolute, purple. The Lip has its sides curved upward, the extremity reflexed, with two tubercles at the base ; of a deep purple colour, greenish at the margin. Column whitish, quite exposed, semicylindrical, incurved, the upper part slightly winged on each side of the stigma. Anther operculiform, 2-celled, and covering four ovate, deep yellow, waxy pollen-masses, which are placed in pairs. Germen elongate, whitish, twisted. VOL. II. A spike and a leaf of this remarkable and rare orchideous plant were most liberally communicated to me in the month of February, from the only individual specimen in the Liverpool Botanic Garden, by my often mentioned friend Mr Shepherd, who sent me at the same time a sketch of the whole plant. To Mr Shepherd, the Cymbidium hituberculatum was given by Mr Jos. Cooper, Botanic Gardener to Lord Mil- ton at Wentworth House, Yorkshire, who received it from Nepaul, of which country it is a native, at the hands of Dr Carey, and who has thus the honour of introducing it to our gardens. It flowered with Mr Cooper, for the first time, du- ring the summer of last year. I am quite aware that there exist, both in its habit and in the character of its fructification, sufficient grounds for making of this plant a distinct genus from Cymbidium ; yet, without a more intimate acquaintance vv^ith the exotic Orchidece than I have the happiness to possess, I prefer allowing it to remain as one of an old established family, to incurring the risk of bur- dening this already complex department of the system with in- correctly-defined genera. Fig. I. Side view of a flower. Fig. 2. Front view of the same. Fig. 3. Lip. Fig. 4. Column. Fag. 5. Anther-case. Fig. 6. Pollen-masses. Fig. 7- Two of the pollen-masses separated. — All more or less magnified. 117 ASPIDIUM NODOSUM. Knotty-Stalked Shield-Fern, CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES._Nat. Ord. FILICES. N. Char.— xS'orz subrotundi, sparsi. Indusium umbilicatum vel uno latere dehiscens. Aspidium nodosum; frondibus simplicibus oblongo-lanceolatis acumi- natis marginatis basi acutis, soris interrupte lineatim dispositis, stipite articulate glabro, caudice repente paleaceo hirsute. A. nodosum, Willd. Sp. PI. v. 5. p. 211. A. articulatum, Schkuhr, Fil. p. 28. t. 27- (fig. ex Plum.) Lingua cervina, pellucida, pedicellis articulatis, Plum. Fil. p. 118. t. 136. Caudex long, creeping, flexuose, thicker than a goose-quill, covered with nu- merous brown, slender, chaffy scales, and throwing up from its superior surface a great number of extremely handsome oblongo-lanceolate, bright delicate green, shining, submembranaceous/row J*, from 8 inches to a foot in length, suddenly acuminated at the extremity, acute at the base, the margins every where entire, thickened and waxy : the midrib is slender and glabrous, pale brown, emitting through the substance of the fronds very numerous, closely placed, parallel horizontal nerves, most of them simple, some of them forked near the base. This frond is placed upon a stipes, 2 or 3 inches long, cylindrical, glabrous, dark brown, jointed at about the distance of fths of an inch from the base, and swelling at the joint. Fructification : Sori roundish, arising from the lateral parallel nerves on the back of the frond, and disposed in interrupted, flexuose, longitudinal lines, mixed with others that are scattered indiscriminately. Involucre an orbicular brown scale, darkest in the middle, where, by the under side, it is fixed to the frond ; its margins at length turning up by the en- largement of the capsules beneath. These capsules are spherical, pedicel- late, furnished with an incomplete elastic ring. This truly beautiful and curious fern is one of those which I mentioned under the description of my Aspidium WallicMi as having an articulated stipes to the frond, of which three species are described by Willdenow ; and until the indivi- VOL. II. dual just alluded to was discovered, all the known Aspidia " frondibus simplicibus" possessed this remarkable character. Plumier first described and figured the Aspidium nodo- sum from plants that he discovered on the trunks of fallen trees in the Island of Martinique, and he seems to have been much struck with its beauty. " La racine pousse" (says he) " en toute sa longueur des feuilles k pddicules noirs, et d'une membrane tres ferme, d'un vert fonce, si unie et si polie, que vous prendriez les feuilles pour des pieces de sa- tin, bordees d'un galon blanc, et toutes traversees par des lignes paralleles, droites, et tiroes a angles droits sur la prin- cipale nervure." Schkuhr only knew the plant from Plu- mier's figure ; and the author of Lamarck's Encyclopaedia, as well as Swartz, appear never to have seen specimens, as they have confounded it with their A. articulatum, a native of the Isle of France, which has never yet been delineated, and which is distinguished from the present individual by its chaffy stipes and scattered fructification. For the possession of this plant in my Herbarium, I am indebted to the Reverend Lansdown Guilding, who finds the species in the Island of St Vincent's. Fig. 1. Portion of the frond. Fig. 2. Cluster of capsules with its involucre. Fig. 3. Single capsule. Fig. 4. Seeds. — AU more or less magnified. 118 PRIMULA Palinuri. Palinurian Primrose. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA—Nat. Ord. PRIMULACEJE. ©EN. Char.-— Cfl/. 5-dentatus. Cor. hypocrateriformis, tubo cylindraceo, ore nudo. Stigma capitatum. Capsula unilocularis, decemdentata. Primula Palinuri ; foliis obovato-spathulatis obtusis dentato-crenatis glabris, scapo lateral! foliis longiore, urabella nutante, involucri foUo- lis inaequalibus maximis. — Lehm. Primula Palinuri, Jacq. Eclog. p. 63. t. 43 — Tenore, Fl. Neapolitana, t 14. — Lehm. Prim. p. 43. Eoot large, thick, the upper part (which, indeed, may almost be considered a stem) appearing considerably above the ground, brown, scarred trans- versely, where the old leaves have fallen away ; frequently throwing out offsets. Leaves all springing from the top of the root, about four inches long, by two and a half broad, obovato-spathulate, slightly waved, spread- ing, recurved at the extremity, obscurely veined, fleshy, entire below, toothed, or repan do-dentate upwards, naked (not mealy), but slightly viscid. Scape longer than the leaves, glabrous, viscid. Bractece nume- rous, ovato-lanceolate, concave, waved ; the outermost large, diminishing gradually towards the centre, mealy. Umbel simple, very mealy, and almost white. Peduncles about as long as the tube of the corolla. Calyx one-half as long as the tube of the corolla, bluntly five-toothed. Corolla yellow, almost scentless. Tube somewhat prismatic upwards, straight. Limb suberect, more than half the length of the tube ; segments notched at the extremity ; the margins involute. Faux orange-coloured, open, mealy, destitute of teeth. Stamens inserted near the middle of the tube. Filaments very short. Anthers oblong. Pollen globular. Germen globular, green. Siyle filiform, as long as the tube. Stigma capitate, glandular. Primula Palinuri is a plant of recent introduction to our gardens, and a native of rocks at Palinuri, near Salerno, in the Neapolitan dominions. It is most nearly allied to Primula auricula ; but differs in many essential points. Lehmann VOL. II. compares the leaves to those of a luxuriant plant of Semper- vivum arbor eum. For the beautiful drawing (from the pencil of my friend K. K. Greville, Esq. LL.D.) as well as for the notes from which most of the above description was taken, I am indebted to the kindness of Professor Graham, who informs me that the plant is cultivated in the greenhouse of the Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, where it has continued in flower during nearly the whole of the month of March ; each flower, as is usual in the genus, continuing a long time expanded. The bruised leaves have a faint smell of wormwood. It was received by Dr Graham from M. Otto of the Berlin Botanic Garden. Fig. 1. Corolla cut open. Fig. 2. Calyx cut open, to shew the Pistil. Fig. S. Anthers, back and front view. Fig. 4. VoIIq %—AU more or less magni^ /led. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 119 DENDROBIUM Barringtonije. Large-leaDed Dendrobium. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA._Nat. Ord. ORCHIDE/E. Gen. Char. — Lahellum ecalcaratum, articulatum cum apice processus ungui-y formis, cujus lateribus petala antica adnata, calcar aemulantia. Masses pollinis 4>, parallelfB. — Br. Dendrobium Barringtonia; bulbo ovato compresso-tetragono, foliis sub- ternis ovato-lanceolatis plicatis strig,tis, scapo radicali solitario uni-r floro. D. Barringtoniae, Sw- Gen- et Sp. Orchid, p. 94 — Smith, in Rees' Cycl. — Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2. y. 5. p. 213. Epidendrum Barringtoniae, " Sm. Ic. Pictce, t. 15." Roots several, cylindrical, waved, fleshy fibres, springing from tlie lower part of the bulb. Bulb three inches or more in height, and nearly as much in diameter, compressed, but four-sided, each side having a slightly promi- nent line down its centre. From the summit of the bulb spring, in this specimen, three ovato-lanceolate leaves, nearly a foot in length, tapering at the base, acute at the extremity, waved at the margins, the surface many-nerved and plicate, the colour rather a dingy green, paler bepeath. At the base of the bulb, and from among the roots, arises a single scape, scarcely longer than the bulb, cylindrical, green, sheathed, with large, ovate, involute and striated, brown scales, 1 -flowered. Flower laxge : Pe- tals spreading, ovato-lanceolate, very obscurely striated, the three upper ones the smallest, the two larger uniting and running down at their base behind, into a large obtuse subdidymous spur, divided almost down to the base in front : all are of a rather deep yellow-green colour, tinged with brown at the extremity. Lip oblong, an inch and a half or more in length, but shorter than the petals, erecto-patent, almost pressed to the column, and articulated to it at the base, white at the lower half, the upper orange- flesh-coloured, three-lobed, the two side lobes small, incurved, the central one large, fleshy, subconcave, fringed at the margin : there are also two elevated fleshy lobes, occupying the lower half, decurrent with it, striated. Cohimn long, white, uniting the bases of the petals, and running down into the spur, the upper part free, slightly curved. Anther operculiform, whitish, slightly attached behind to the back of the column, 2-celled. Pollen-masses two, one of them was wanting in the present instance, and VOL. II. the other, perhaps not perfect, was ovate, and appeared deeply cleft, al- most to the base, into two lobes, yellow : Stigma concave, placed just be- low the anther. Germen almost cylindrical, sulcated, curved at the top. A native of trunks of trees in Jamaica, and first made known to the scientific world by Sir J. E. Smith in his Icones Pictce, from a plant which blossomed in the garden of the Ho- nourable Mrs Bauiiington at Mongewell, where it flowered in 1791. During the next year, the same species bloomed at Chelsea. But it seems to be rare in our gardens, and no figure of it has ever appeared in any of our more popular botanical publications. The plant from which the present drawing was taken, was imported from Jamaica by Messrs Shepherd five or six years ago, and flowered in the stove of the Botanic Garden at Liver- pool in April 1824. It is obviously allied to the Dendrohium Harrisonice of this work, although differing from it in many important points. Not having the opportunity of referring to Smith's Icones Picice, I rely upon my friend Mr H. Shefherd, for the ob- servation that it agrees with the figure there referred to, in al- most every respect, except that the bulb is not in that repre- presented as quadrangular, as it really is in the present species, and the lip is more coloured. Fig. 1. Front view of a flower, natural size. Fig. 2. Lip. Fig. 3. Column and lower portions of the petals. Fig. 4. Upper part of the column, with the anther thrown back, to shew its inside. Fig. 5. PoUen-mass. — All more or less magnified. 120 DENDROBIUM Harrisoni^. Mrs HarrisorCs Dendrobium. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEM. Gen. Char. — Lahellum ecalcaratum, articulatum cum apice processus ungui- formis, cujus lateribus petala antica adnata, calcar aeraulantia. Masses pollinis 4, parallelae. — Br. Dendrobium Harrisonice ; bulbo ovato unifolio, folio ovato-Ianceolato undulato basi attenuato, scapo unifioro, petalis duobus inferioribus dorso unitis, apice bidentatis. Parasitical : Bulb ovate, about as large as a pigeon's egg ; faintly striated and partly covered by a reticulated membrane, and bearing at the extre- mity a single broadly lanceolate, waved, recurved, striated leaf, about 6 or 8 inches in length, tapering at the base. From the base of this bulb arises a single scape, 4 or 5 inches in length, cylindrical, jointed, and at each joint bearing a sheathing membranous brownish scale or bractea ; at the extremity having a single, large, up- right flower, and the rudiment of a second. The three outer segments of the corolla are spreading, the upper one oblong, the two lower ones united for their whole length at the back, and tapering down into a sharp- ish point, which embraces the lower part of the corolla with its involute margins, and is bifid at the extremity. The colour of the three outer pe- tals is yellow-brown, tinged more deeply at the extremity, the two inner petals are rather smaller than the outer, yellowish ; all of them ra- ther thick and fleshy. The Zzp is large, standing erect, and parallel with the column, narrow at the base, and yellowish, broad upwards, cut into three large lobes, beautifully marked with red veins and pubescence ; of these, the two lateral lobes are incurved, the extreme one much undulated and recurved. Within, the lip is wholly striated with red lines, except in the middle, where is a large, yellowish gland. Column long, adnate for nearly its whole length, and uniting together the base of all the petals. Anther operculiform, 2-celled. Polleti-masses in two pairs, united toge- ther at the base ; each of them is piano-hemispherical, and yellow. Ger- men clavato-cylindrical, very long, green. VOL. II. specimens of this beautiful plant were kindly forwarded to me, in April last, by Mr Henry Shepherd, from the collection of Mrs Arnold Harrison of Aegsbtirgh, near Liverpool, along with an excellent drawing by the same lady. Mrs Harrison received it two years ago from her brother at Rio de Janeiro ; and the species appearing to me entirely new, I cannot do bet- ter than honour it with the name of an individual who has not only introduced this, but many other new and rare plants to our gardenSj and who cultivates them with great success. Many important points divide this species from JD. Bar- ringtonice, to which it bears a considerable resemblance. Fig. 1. Side view of a flower, slightly magnified. Fig. 2. Column and lip (the latter foreshortened), together with the base of the petals. Fig. 3. i?ollen-masses. — All more or less magnified. 121 BRAYA ALPiNA. Alpine Braya. TETRAD YNAMIA SILIQUOSA.— Nat. Ord. CRUCIFERjE. Gen. Char. — Siliqua lineari-oblonga, subcylindracea. Stylus brevis. Se- mina biserialia. Cotyledones incumbentes. Dissepimetitum medio fissum. Braya alpina ; foliis spathulatis subintegerrimis glabris, caule folioso pubescente, racemo fructifero brevi. Braya alpina, Sternberg and Hoppe, Diss, cum Icon, ex Goett. an Zieg. Jan. 1817, p. 155 De Cand. Regn. Feget. Syst. Nat. v. ii. p. 211.— De Less. Ic. Sel. v. ii. t. 22. (an excellent representation). — De Cand. Prodr. V. i. p. 141; Root long, subfusiform, perennial, descending deep into the ground, and throwing out many small lateral fibres, at the upper extremity dividing into as many heads as there are stems. Stems slightly pubescent, from 2 to 3 or 4 inches in height, increasing considerably, however, as the fructification advances. Leaves rathier numerous, crowded near the root, more scattered upon the stem, lanceolate, tapering beloW into a short footstalk in the upper individuals, into a long one in those springing from the root. Flowers in a small capitate corymb, of a pale pink or rose colour, sometimes nearly white. Pedicels short, glabrous, scarcely swelling upwards. Ca- lyx of 4 ovate, obtuse, concave, erect, glabrous, green leaflets, purple at the margin. Petals broadly ovate, clawed, waved, patent, with an ob- tuse sinus at the extremity. Stamens 6 ; tetradidynamous ; the two shorter ones inserted upon a gland a little below the 4 taller ones. Anther broad- ly ovate, yellow. Pollen globular. Pistil: Germen cylindrical, hispid upon the valves, the hairs stellate, with 2 or 3 rays. Style short, and, as well as the margins of the dissepiment, glabrous. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed, glandular. Siliqua rather short, somewhat more than half an inch long, cylindrical, tur- gid, with two cells, opening with two hispid valves, and containing in each cell about 6 seeds, affixed to each side of the margin. Dissepiment with a central, vertical fissure, which exists in the state of the germen ; but the edges of the fissure then lap over each other in a slight degree. Seedstalk short, curved. Seeds roundish, slightly compressed, punctato- striated, brown. Embryo with the radicle curved up against the back of one of the cotyledons. VOL. II. This extremely rare plant has been introduced to our gar- dens very recently from Germany, and in the spring of the pre- sent year has produced flowers, both in our own garden and in that of Edinburgh. These individuals, however, being dwarf- ish, and considerably smaller than the wild specimens which I have received through my kind friend Dr Hornschuch, I have represented the figure of the natural size, from one in my herbarium, and the parts of fructification from garden plants. Its native country is the Alps of Carinthia and Salzburg, where it has been found by Messrs Sternbeeg and Hoppe. By them the genus Braya was established, in a work to which, unfortunately, I have at this time no access. De Candolle was not acquainted with the perfect seeds : hence he has, in his Systema Vegetahilium, referred this genus to a division having the cotyledons accumbent. This character alone, suf- fices to remove Braya from Arabis, as also from Mr Brown's Parraya, while from Platypetalum it may be known by its longer, linear seedvessel, and from Eutrema by the cylindrical, not ancipitate, siliqua. Two other species are known to us, the B. glahrella of Richardson, and the B. arctica, which I first established in the yet unedited Appendix to Captain Parry's second voyage. Fig. 1. Flower. Fig. 2. Flower from which the petals are removed. Fig. 3. Petal. Fig. 4. Stamen and pistil. Fig. 5. Anther. Fig. 6. Pollen. Figs. 7- and 8. Pistils. Fig. p. Capsule {nat. size.) Fig. 10, Capsule bursting. Fig. 11. Capsule, with one valve removed, to shew the ar- rangement of the seeds. Fig. 12. Portion of a capsule, to shew the fis- sure in the dissepiment. Fig. 13. Hairs of the valves of the capsule. Fig. 14. Side view of the Embryo. Fig. 15. Front view of the embryo. All hit Fig. 9. more or less magnified. 122 POTHOS ACAULIS. Stemless Pothos. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.—Nat. Ord. AROIDEJE. Gen. Char. — Spatha monophylla. Spadix cylindraceus, undique floribua tectus. Perianthium tetraphyllum. Bacca tetrasperma. Pothos acaulis; foliis cuneato-lanceolatis, basi subtruncatis. P. acaulis, Jacq. St. Amer. p. 240. t. 153. — Linn. Sp. PI. App. p. 1675. — WiLLD. Sp. PL V. i. p. 684 — AiTON, Hart. Kew. ed. 2. v. i. p. 289. — Plum. Descr. des PI. d'Amer. t. 51. (not 57.) above fig. i. Parasitical in its native country upon the trunks of trees, but growing rea- dily in our stoves in pots of common mould ; yet even then, its nume- rous, thick, long, simple, flexuose and fleshy fibres are principally thrown out upon the surface of the soil. From above these, the leaves immediate- ly rise without any stem, in a beautiful circular tuft, resembling, in their mode of growth, the fronds of Asplenium Nidus. These leaves, though they do not commonly exceed one or two feet in height, yet attain, in the hot-house at Liverpool, to a length of four feet, and a breadth of one. They are cuneato-lanceolate, acute or subacuminate at the extremity, at the base somewhat truncate, and shortly petiolate. The substance is thick and fleshy, or between fleshy and coriaceous, with a central strong midrib, and a few obscure, lateral nerves. From among the centre of the leaves springs up the scape, a foot and a half or more in length, cy- lyndrical, fleshy. Spatha curved downward (as is often the scape) from 4 to 6 inches long, of one piece, lanceolate, greenish, revolute. Spadix 8 or 1 0 inches in length, about as thick as the finger, cylindrical and ta- pering, pale green, densely and symmetrically covered with Jlotvers ; each of which is formed of 4 truncated, subtriangular, fleshy scales, with- in each of these is a stamen, two opposite ones generally in perfection at the same time, whilst the two others are more or less advanced. Fila- ment dilated, white, flat. Anther ovato-quadrate, at first oblique, after- wards vertical, 2-celled, yellow. Germen globose, but with four obtuse angles. Stigma sessile, forming an obtuse point. VOL. II. There exist no figures of this fine plant, that I am aware of, except those of Jacquin and Pi.umiee, ahove quoted, the latter of which gives a very much reduced representation of it. In both of these, however, the midrib and the lateral nerves are so distinctly marked, that I cannot but wonder at the leaves being defined by Linn^us and all succeeding authors as " ene?"via." This character, indeed, is meant to be put in op- position to the distinguishing mark of P. lanceolata ; the fo- liage of which, besides having a midrib, is furnished with a la- teral nerve on each side, near the margin, which give rise to the term '\ folia trinervia." Jacquin mentions this species as an inhabitant of the vast mountain forests of Martinique, in which island it is known by the name of Rafs-tail. It has flowered in the stoves both of the Liverpool and Glasgow Botanic gardens, and was received by them from Ja- maica. According to the Hortus Kewensis, its first introduc- tion into Britain was in 1790, when it was brought by Elcock, Esq. from Barbadoes. Fig. 1. Leaf of a very young plant; and Fig. 2. Full grown Spadix, natu- ral size. Fig. 3. Portion of the spadix, with flowers. Fig, 4. Young stanaens. Fig. 5. The same, more advanced. Fig. 6. Pistil — All bu^ Figs. 1. & 2. more or less magnified. 123 PLEUROTHALLIS racemiflora. Racemed Pleurothallis. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA— Nat. Ohd. ORCHIDE^. Div. IV. Anthera terminalis mobilis decidua. Masste pollinis demum cereacea — Br. Gen. Cn\B..—Lahellum articiilatim connexum cum basi simplici vel brevis- sime producta columnse. Petala 2, antica exteriorum inferne connata. Massce pollinis 2, exsulcae. — Br. in Hort. Keiv. Pleurothallis racemiflora ; caule elongate unifolio, scapo folio oblongo emarginato longlore erecto, floribus racemosis secundis acuminatis tetrapetalis. — Lindl. MSS. Pleurothallis racemiflora, Lindl. Hist. Orchid, ined. Dendrobium racemiflorura, Swartz, FL Ind. Occid. p. 1543. Root small, composed of a few simple fibres. Plant tufted, about 6 inches in height. Stem rounded, erect, monophyllous, furnished with brown and dry sheaths, of which the upper one is carinated, and the longest. Leaves oblongo-lanceolate, nearly flat, almost nerveless, emarginate, long- er than the stem. Raceme four times longer than the leaf, slender, with the peduncle inter- ruptedly sheathed, equal in length with the leaf, furnished at the base with the rudiment of a leaf Flowers pale green, rather large, variously turned, but generally with the Up forward. Pedicels slender, articulate with the germen, furnished with a cylindrical, subtruncated, closely folded bractea. Perianth of 4 leaflets, patent, the leaflets quite glabrous, ovato-lanceolate, the lower one 2-nerved. Lip anterior, thrice as small as the perianth, with the claw winged, appressed to the base of the co- lumn, and slightly articulated with it ; border oblong, plane, and as it were hastate, obsoletely 3-nerved. Column standing forward, shorter than the lip, attenuated upwards, on each side incrassated at the mar- gins, which are confluent at the base. Stigma small, quadrate, concave. Rostellum (a process above the stigma) protruded. Receptacle of the An^ ther {Clinandrium, Lindl.) subcucullate, winged. Anther globose, oper- cular, terminal, deciduous, inserted within the margin of its receptacle, internally 1 -celled. Pollen-masses 2, roundish-ovate, cereaceous, having at the extremity a common, short, pulverulent point of attachment.— Lindley. VOL. IL Communicated by the Horticultural Society of London, who received the plant from Mr Loddiges. It produced flowers in the Society's garden at Chiswick in April 1824. Mr LoDDiGES introduced it from the West Indies. For the drawing and admirable description of the species above given, I am indebted to John Lindley, Esq. who fa- voured me with the following additional observations. " It is nearly related to Stelis pulchella of Humboldt and Kunth, which is a JPleurothallis also, notwithstanding the 5 divisions of the flower. In this genus, as in Oncidium, the greater or less degree of cohesion of the two anterior segments, or even the absolute want of it, do not constitute a generic difference ; and all the species referred to Stelis, which have a " labellum diflPorme cum columna articulatum," must be removed to Pleu- rothallis, whether they are tetra- or pentapetalous. The exte- rior segments of the perianth in this species are not connate at the base, but approximate. A faint but agreeable smell is per- ceptible in the blossoms." Fig. 1 . Front view of a flower. Fig. 2. Germen, Column and Lip. Fig. 3. Front view of the column. Fig. 4. Inside view of the anther, with its pollen-masses. Fig. 5. Pollen-masses removed from the anther. — All more or less magnified. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 125 CON V ALL ARIA oppositifolia, Opposite-leaved Solomon! s Seal. HEXANDBIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. SMILACINEM. Gen. Char. — Corolla 6-fida. Bacca maculosa, 3-locularis. — Br. Convallaria oppositi/blia ; caule tereti, foliis oppositis oblongis acumina- tis nitidis breviter petiolatis, pedunculis umbellatis 3-5 floris, pe- rianthiis oblongis. C. oppositifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 640. Stem about a foot high, erect, curved, cylindrical, glossy, with a few deci- duous, distant, qblong, membranaceous scales. Leaves 3-4 inches in length, opposite, subsecund, in distant pairs, oblong, very much acumi- nated, somewhat waved, very glossy, of a bright and deep green above, paler beneath, slightly petiolate, subsecund. Flowers verticillate, drooping. Peduncles springing from the axils of the leaves, short, pedicels 3-5, jointed just beneath the flower, upper joint swollen. Perianth fth of an inch in length, cylindrical or somewhat swollen at the base, white, thickish, and slightly coriaceous, with faint dotted red lines, mouth with 6 short, somewhat spreading green teeth. Stamens 6, alternate with the teeth of the perianth, and inserted near the middle. Filaments white, curved, pubescent, running up the back of the anthers. Anthers sagittate, yellow. Pistil: Germeti ovate, with three ob- tuse angles. Style shorter than the perianth : Stigma trifid, villose. First published by Mr Loddiges, having been sent to him under the above name by Dr Wallich from Nepaul, in 1819. It has been received from the same source into the Glasgow Botanic Garden, v^^here it blossomed in the month of April, being plunged in the bark-pit of the stove. It is a plant of considerable elegance ; its leaves are peculiarly bright and glossy. In character it ranges with the British C. polygona- tum and C. multiflorum ; but approaches still more nearly to a new species of the genus, of which I have received dried speci- mens from my excellent and much-valued friend Dr Wal- VOL. II. LiCHj and which is also indigenous to Nepaul. In the latter individual, the whole plant is much smaller, the leaves consi- derably narrower, lanceolate, not decidedly acuminate, more pe- tiolated, the inflorescence of a less size, and, what decidedly stamps it as a different species, its stalk is angular. Fig. 1. Single flower. Figs. 2. & 3. Stamens. Fig. 4. Perianth cut open to shew the stamens and pistil. Fig. 5. Upper part of the style and stigma.— •-4// more or less magnified. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 124 DENDROBIUM? pubescens. Downy-flowered Dendrobium. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA—Nat. Okd. ORCHIDEM. Gen. Char.— Labellum ecalcaratum, articulatum cum apice processus ungui-< formis, cujus lateribus petala antica adnata, calcar semulantia, Masses pollinis 4, parallelse — Br. Dendrobium ? pubescens ; bulbo oblongo-ovato, foliis distichis lanceolar. tis glabris, scapo elongate, floribusque laxe spicatis pubescentibus, labello oblongo trilobo, petalis tribus, exterioribus inferne unitis basi saccatis. Roots : rather long, simple, brown (even in the youngest of them), thick, fleshy fibres, proceed from the lower part of the stem. Stem forming an oblongo-ovate bulb, sheathed in a distichous manner with the broad bases of the leaves, which are of a pale green colour, and submembranaceous ; this bulb tapers at the base into a slender cylindrical stem, covered with sheathing scales. Leaves 6 to 8 inches long, lanceolate, rather obtuse, waved, subcoriaceous, glabrous, distichous. Scapes one or two in num- ber, a foot and a half high, arising from a scaly sheath at the base of the bulb, terete, very pubescent. Flowers in a lax spike, rather distant, each subtended by an oblong, con-i cave bractea. The three exterior petals equal, oblong, acute, greemshi yellow, glabrous within, very pubescent without, united at the back of the flower, in its lower half, open in the front, except at the base, where a didymous sack or pouch is formed : the two inner petals much smaller, oblong, glabrous, arising from the back of the column. Lip oblong, shorter than the petals, erect and parallel with the petals, oblong with the sides incurved, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes small, the terminal one roundish, wavy at the margin, notched and recurved at the extremity ; jointed upon the decurrent base of the column, but scarcely unguiculate. The colour is deep yellow, blotched and streaked with purplish-red. Column elongated, free only in its upper part, where it is yellowish, elon^ gated and white below, and confluent with the petals to its very base. Anther sunk into a hollow at the top of the column, hemispherical, deci- duous, 2-celled. Pollen-masses 4, deep yellow, waxy, roundish, com-, pressed, cleft to the base, and there inserted upon a short, somewhat gra-i nulated stalk, and united by a yellow gland. Germen cylindraceo-cla% vate, straight, very downy. VOL. II. I have already alluded to the successful manner in which the Messrs Shepherd cultivate the rare, parasitic orchideous plants : the present individual is another proof of the correct- ness of this opinion. The plant itself was sent to the Liver- pool Garden from Calcutta by Dr Wallich in the year 1820, and in March 1824, it has produced two beautiful spikes of flower. At first sights the inflorescence bears no inconsiderable simihtude in general structure to that of Dendrobium, espe- cially in the nature of the three external petals, and their union at the base into a kind of sack. The lip, however, seems to be considerably different, and is decidedly 3-lobed. The position of the flowers is not a little remarkable ; they all, though not bifarious in their insertion upon the scape, have a secund direc- tion, as have the petals themselves of the flowers ; so that, on looking along one side of the scape, you see the interior of all the petals. The anther diff'ers from Dendrobium, at least from that of D. Pierardi, in having no appendage whereby it is attached to the column after it has sprung from its place of insertion ; and, what is perhaps of more importance than any other circumstance, there are, instead of two pairs of parallel pollen-masses, easily separated from each other, four pairs, con- nected together by their subpedicellate bases upon a common gland ! In all probabihty, this peculiarity will be the foundation of a distinct genus ; but with my present limited knowledge of what ought to form essential characters in this curious but in- teresting family, I prefer ranking the present individual under a well established genus, although it may vary from it in some material point. Besides transmitting to me a spike and leaf of this species, Mr H. Shepherd was also so kind as to send me a sketch of the whole plant, by means of which I have been enabled to give the accompanying complete representation of it, Fig. 1. Back view of a flower, natural size. Fig. 2. Front view of a flower, the lip being forced back, to shew the inner part of the inflorescence, which is thus entirely exposed to view. Fig. 3. Top of the column, from which the anther. Fig. 4. is removed. Fig- 5. Inside view of an anther-case. Figs. 6. & 7- Pollen-masses.— ^4// biii Fig. 1. 7rtore or less triagnifietL 126 TRIZEUXIS FALCATA. Falcate Trizeuxis. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.-Nat. Oto. ORCHIDS^. —Sect. V. Br. Prodr. 1, 330. Gen. CHAn.^Perianthium bipartitum, lacinia superiore biloba, inferiore tri- partita inflata. Labellum columna parallelutn, limbo recurvo dilatato Stigma excavatum. Anthera unilocularis carnosa. Pollinis masm 2 pe- dicello fusiformi carnoso adhaerentes, ipsis duplo longiori. Arb^ibus parasihccB. Folia pauca, disticka. Racemi compositi. Flores non resum- nati. — ( Lindl.) ^ TAzeuids falcata; foliis falcatis enervibus, floribus confertis. T. falcata, Lindl. Collect. Bot. t, 2. Parasitic on the trunks of trees. fibrous, brown. Leaves dhtlchous recurvo-falcate, acute, laterally compressed, and thus vertical, fleshy' glaucous green, grooved at the base for the reception of the lower part of those leaves which are placed immediately above them Scape axiUary from the base of the plant, four or five inches high, panicu- late, branched almost from the base, the branches as well as the branch- lets alternate, distichous and patent, slender, terete. Bracteas small green, placed at the base of every flower, and of every ramification, su- bulate. Fbrvers collected into conical heads at the extremity of the ra- muh, small pale yellow-green, resupinate, according to the common ac ceptation of the term, as applied to this family; that is, the germen is not twisted and the parts of the inflorescence are in their proper situa- tion Petab nearly equal ; upper ones, or segments of the perianth the smallest, oblong, united together for more than half their length from the base. Two lateral petals very concave, so as to be almost semicy- Imdrical, but when spread open they are nearly ovate. Lower petal ovate, very gibbous at the back. Lip a little longer than the corolla, standing forward, and somewhat appressed to the column, oblong, grooved, 3-lobed, green at the base, deep orange at the extremity, latS ral lobes small, middle one large, recurved, all acute. Column oblong aterally compressed, grooved in front, and near its upper part bearing the concave stigma. Anther large, transversely oblong, whitish, opercu- hform, fixed by the back, l-celled, glandular on the Pollen-masses 2, linear-oblong, deep yellow, fixed near the extremity of a hnear white stalk; and this, at its base, has an oblong, orange coloured VOL. II. A highly curious little orchideous plant, which was reared in the stove of the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, to which establishment it had been sent, as Mr H. Shepherd informs me, from Trinidad, through the well-known liberality of Baron De Shack, M. D. It flowered in May 1824. It had pre- viously blossomed in Mr Griffin's collection in South Lam- beth, in 1820, and was then figured by Mr Lindley, in his Collectanea Botanica, under the same appellation, and with the generic characters, which I have adopted. Fig. 1. Single flower in its natural position. Fig. 2. Front view of flower. Fig. 3. Column, and three of the petals. Fig. 4. The upper united pe- tals. Fig. 5. Lip. Fig. 6. Side view of the column, with its anther closed. Fig. 7- Upper part of the column, with the anther-case thrown back, to shew the situation of the pollen-masses. Fig. 8. Back and front view of the pollen-masses* — All more or less magnified^ 127 ORNITHOCEPHALUS GLADIATUS. Sword-leaved Omithocephalus. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.-.Nat. Ohd. ORCHIDE^. Sect. IV. Anthera terminalis mobilis decidua. Massse pollinis demum cereaca-^BR. in Hort. Kew. Gen. Char.-— Ffore* resupinati, Lahellum subpedicellatum longe attenua- tura. Petala subaequalia^ duo superiora demum reflexa. Columna bre- vis hinc apice una cum antheram longissime rostrata. Massce pollinis 4>, pedicello valde elongate, basi biglanduloso affixee. Omithocephalus gladiatus. Roots numerous, flexuose, fibrous, whitish. Leaves distichous, vertical, each embracing the one above it by means of a cleft in its base, sword-shaped^ compressed, succulent, rather obtuse, slightly curved inwards, of a glau- cous green colour. From the axils of one of the leaves springs the peduncle, scarcely exceeding the leaves in length, at the extremity forming a raceme or lax spike of a few small flowers ; each flower having an ovato-cordate amplexicaul bractea at the base, and two or three others below upon the peduncle* Flowers resupinate (or having the lip upwards). Petals 5, the lower sub^ equal, the three inferior ones bending forward, the two upper ones at length bent back ; all of them nearly equal in size, pale green, submu-i cronate. Lip inarticulated, inserted Upon a short stalk ; at the base broad, thickish, yellow-green, slightly concave in the middle, with two lobes on each side of the little stalk ; suddenly attenuated into a long, white, mem- branaceous, incurved extremity, which forms two wings along the back of the broad, thickened part. Column short, with the concave stigma in the front; the extremity in the fore part forming a remarkably long beak, curved downwards. The anther is green, corresponding with the beak, being broad at the base, and some*, what 4-lobed, and suddenly attenuated into a long curved beak. The base is distinctly 4-celled, and receives the four masses of pollen, which are globular, deep yellow, sessile or nearly so^ and which are attached to the upper side at the extremity of a very long white footstalk, which takes the form of the beak of the anther and top of the stigma, and which, at its base, has two lips or glands, unequal in size. These glands pro- ject beyond the margin of the anther. Germen subcylindrical, curved, furrowed, not twisted. VOL. II. For this very remarkable orchideous plant, our garden is in- debted to the liberality of Baron De Schack, M.D. who trans- mitted it from the island of Trinidad. It has been cultivated by us in the same manner as the other parasitic Orchideae, the soil being a mixture of loam and peat, and its situation a warm shelf in the stove. There is a peculiarity in the structure of the lip of this plant, which I have not seen in any other individual of the tribe ; but the circumstances which most strikingly distinguish it from every other with which I am acquainted, and which I have considered to be of sufficient importance to constitute the ground of a generic distinction, are to be found in the beak- like processes of the top of the column and of the anther, which singularly resemble the head and beak of a bird, and the na- ture of its stalked pollen-masses. Fig. 1. Flower, fully expanded, in its natural position. Fig. 2. Flower re- curved, and not entirely expanded. Fig. 3. Inside of the lip. Fig. 4. Outside of the same. Fig. 5. Column and anther. Fig. 6. Top of the column, with its pollen-masses. Fig. 7. Anther-case, removed from the column. Fig. 8. Pollen-masses, stalk and glands. Fig. g. Back of the upper part of this stalk, with the pollen-masses. — All more or less magni- J^ed. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 128 TRICHILIA ODORATA. Sweet-scented Trichilia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. MELIACEJE. Gen. Char. — Calyx quinque- (vel quadri-) dentatus). Petala quinque (vel quatuor). Nedarium dentatum (cylindricum ?) in apicem dentium An- theras gerens. Capsula trilocularis, trivalvis, trisperma. Semina arillata. Trichilia odorata ; foliis opposito-pinnatis, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis gla- bris, racemis glomeratis axillaribus, petalis quatuor, dentibus necta^ riferis bifidis. T. odorata, " Andr. Bot. Repos. t. 637-" — Smith, in Rees' Cycl. A shrub, reaching, in the stove of the Liverpool Botanic Garden, to a height of about 8 feet, with long cylindrical branches, the younger of which are green, and slightly pubescent. Leaves very numerous, alternate, pinnated with generally from three to four pairs, and an odd one, of op- posite leaflets, which are shortly stalked, ovato-lanceolate, dark green, subcoriaceous, waved, glabrous, entire, faintly nerved, paler beneath. Flowers arranged in short, compound, axillary clusters, of a pale green hue, and small. Pedicels subpubescent, as well as the calyx, which is minute, composed of 4 spreading lobes or teeth, minutely ciliated at the margin. Petals four, ovato-concave, rather fleshy, pale green. Nectary, or fila- ments, of eight, ovate, pale green, slightly concave, bifid scales, united at the base by a fleshy ring which surrounds the base of the germen. Anthers eight, one on each of the nectariferous scales, and between the cleft, linear, pale yellow, 2-celled. Germen ovate, 3-celled. Stigma ses- sile, 3-lobed. The fruit I have not seen. This species departs from the characters of the genus, as they are laid down by JussiEU and Smith ; for it has a ca- lyx which is neither tubular nor bell-shaped ; its nectary also cannot be termed cylindrical, being composed of eight scales, distinct to their base, where they are united by a fleshy ring, which encircles the base of the germen. With the specific de- finition of T. odorata, also, as this is stated by Smith (for I A^OL. II. have not an opportunity of referring to either the figure or de- scription of Andrews), this plant does not coincide in all all points, for I find that there exist only eight (not ten), dis- tinct segments to the nectary ; the anther is linear, sessile and erect (not ovate, inflexed and slightly stalked), and the flowers, instead of possessing a musk-like smell, exhale a fragrance which may aptly be compared to that of the Jonquil. Perhaps the two plants may not belong to the same species, though the characters in all other respects correspond with each other. It seems to have been introduced into England from St Vincent's by Dr A. Anderson. The shrub from which the specimens here delineated were gathered, was sent to the Li- verpool Botanic Garden from the West Indies, and it has flowered there during the winter season, for several successive years. Fig. 1. Small clusters of flowers. Fig. 2. Back view of a flower. Fig. 3. Flower deprived of its calyx and corolla. Fig. 4. One of the nectarife- rous scales, with its anther. Fig. 5. Germen, shewing the fleshy ring at the base, from which the scales of the nectary are removed. Fig. 6. Section of the germen.-— ^i// more or less magnified. 129 PLEUROTHALLIS ? COCCINEA. Red-flowered Pleurothallis. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA—Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEJE. Gen. CHxu.—Lahellum articulatum, connexum cum basi simplici vel brevis- sime producta columnae. Petala duo antica exteriorum inferne conna- tum.— jBr. in Hort. Kerv. Pleurothallis coccinea ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis obtusis distichis, floribus secundis, labello basi breviter calcarato incluso. Parasitic. Root a few simple, whitish, flexuose fibres. Stems scarcely any ; they may rather be considered oblong, compressed bulbs, formed by the sheathing distichous bases of the leaves. Leaves linear-lanceolate, ob- tuse, glabrous, 5 or 6 inches long, distichous, yellow-green, of a some- what thick and coriaceous texture. Peduncle from within the sheathing base of the leaves, 6 or 8 inches long, drooping. Flowers in racemes, when in bud inclosed within imbricated, distichous, ovato-acute bracteas, afterwards, when fully expanded, all pointing up- wards and secund, of a deep rose colour. The three uppermost petals are subconnivent, and stand forward, of a broadly ovate form, concave ; the two inferior ones are a little inclined downwards wholly beneath the lip, united for the whole length of their lower margin into one portion, like the keel of many papilionaceous flowers, and laterally compressed so as to be closed except at the very base, where it receives the spur of the lip : below at the base it is gibbous. Lip standing forward, rather longer than the petals, oblong, slightly spreading and deflexed at the extremity, notched at the margin, of a fine deep rose colour, with two obscure tu- bercles, and yellow at the base above ; white at the base below, and there, where it joins the column, lengthened out into a short and acute spur. Column short, cylindrical, pure white. Anther ovate, terminal, white, fixed to the back of the stigma behind by a short filament, 1-celled, in- closing two, ovato-globose, yellowish-white pollen-masses, with an im- pression behind, fixed to the extremity of a filiform stalk, whose base has an oblong gland protruded just beyond the anther. Stigma concave, with two minute, upright, red teeth, on each side at the top, and two large incurved orange-brown ones below in front. Germen clavate, not twisted, reddish-green. VOL. II. It really appears as if almost every new species of the para- sitical orchideous plants which are now so abundantly culti- vated in our stoves, might likewise constitute a new genus, so variable are the form and structure of their flowers. I am far from thinking that the present individual should continue in the genus Pleurothallis, but it will be more easy to decide upon the proper place of it, and of many others of the same family, when we shall be able to compare the figures and ana- lyses of the inflorescence of several species together : on this ac- count I am more anxious to give correct descriptions and faith- ful representations, than to attempt at what might prove but an unsatisfactory arrangement. Introduced to the Botanic Garden of Glasgow, through the favour of our valued correspondent Baron De Schack, M. D. from the Island of Trinidad. It flowered in the month of June 1824 * Fig. 1. Side view of a flower. Fig. 2. Front view of the same, having the two lower petals curved and concealed by the labellum. Fig. 3. Column and lip. Fig. 4. Two lower and united petals. Fig. 5. Side view of the column, with the lid thrown back, and shewing the pollen-mass. Fig. 6. Front view of the column, with the anther removed, and the pollen-mass in the position in which it is then seen. Fig. 7' Front view of the pollen-mass. Fig. 8. Sack view of the same. — AU more or less magnified. * Since the above has been printed, I find a plant figured in Loddiges' Botanical Cabinet, under the name of Rodriguezia lanceolata, which I cannot doubt is the same as the one here given. It must be confessed, too, that my plant comes very near to the Rodriguezia secunda of Humb. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. t. 92. if it be not the very same. If so, according to these authors, it is only distinguishable from the genus Pleurothallis, by the obscurely spurred labellum. ISO MONARDA RUSSELLIANA. Narrow-leaved BergamoL DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. LABI ATM. Gen. Char — Calyx cylindricus, striatus. Corolla ringens, labio superiore lineari, filamenta simplicia involvente. Monarda RusselUana ; floribus capitatis, foliis lanceolatis serratis gla- bris. M. Russeliana, Nutt. Trav. in the Arkansa, p. 141. Apparently a biennial plant. Ste7n a foot or more in height, erect, simple, square, with the angles margined, glabrous. Leaves rather distantly placed in opposite pairs, lanceolate, coarsely serrated, dotted and paler beneath, the lower ones subpetiolate, the upper ones sessile. Flowers in terminal heads, and bracteated. Bracteas ovate, acuminated, en- tire, slightly hairy, purple in the middle. Calyx linear-oblong, tubular, swelling in the middle, pubescent, marked with elevated striae, 5-toothed, teeth spreading. Corolla an inch and a half long, slender, pubescent. Tube and upper lip pure white, lower lip subtrilobed, waved and twisted, white, spotted with reddish-purple blotches. Stamens two, united laterally by the 1 -celled anthers. Filament much incurved, white, spreading above where it supports the anthers. Anthers standing close together, deep purple-brown, 1 -celled, and when burst so covered on their surface with pollen as to appear but one anther. Germen 4-lobed, placed on a large cup-shaped gland. Style very long. Stigma bifid. Of this pretty and very distinct species of Monarda, seeds were sent to our garden by Mr Dick of Philadelphia, who re- ceived them from Mr Nutt all. This latter gentleman, its discoverer, found it in the valley of the Arkansa ; and in the account which he has published of his travels, he thus feelingly describes the circumstance of his naming this plant in honour of his amiable companion. " It is with a satisfaction clouded with melancholy, that I now call to mind the agreeable hours that I spent at this station (Belle Point), while accompanied VOL. XL by the friendly aid and kind participation of Dr Russell, whose memory I have faintly endeavoured to commemorate in the specific name of a beautiful species of 3Ionarda. But re- lentless death, whose withering hand delights to pluck the fairest flowers, added, in the fleeting space of a few short days, another trophy to his mortal garland ; and Russell, the only hope of a fond and widowed mother, the last of his name and family, now sleeps obscurely in unhallowed earth." This plant is found very easy of cultivation, being kept in a shady part of the greenhouse. It will probably prove suffi- ciently hardy to bear the outer air, as the other species of the genus. Fig. 1. A flower and bractea. Fig. 2. Back view of the stamens. Fig. 3. Front view of the same. Fig. 4. Pistil. Fig. 5. Portion of the stem.~ AU more or less magnified. 131 BAPTISIA? NEPALENSIS. Repaid Baptisia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA Nat. Oed. LEGUMINOSJE. Gen. Char — Cal. semi-4-5-fidus, bilabiatus. Cor. papilionacea, petalis longitudine subaequalis : vexillum lateribus reflexis. Stamina decidua. Legumen ventricosum, pedicellatum, polyspermum. — Br. in Hort. Kew. -Baptisia ? nepalensis ; foliis ternis breviter petiolatis, foliolis lanceolatis subsericeis, stipulis petiolum subagquantibus ovatis acutis deciduis, germinibiis pubescentibus, corolla3 alis involutis. Stem shrubby, branched, rounded, glabrous. Leaves numerous upon the branches, often crowded, ternate, petiolate, the petiole short, grooved above ; leaflets 3-5 inches long, lanceolate, sessile, jointed upon the com- mon petiole, subacuminate, slightly silky, veined. Stipules deciduous, large, ovate, acute, reflexed, pale green, each pair often united at the margin. Flowers in subverticillate short panicles, axillary or terminal, large, handsome, yellow. Peduncles and arched pedicels silky, bracteated, bracteas large, re- sembling the stipules, and silky. Calyx silky, somewhat 2-lipped, upper lip bifid, erecto-patent, lower lip trifid, soon reflexed. This calyx some- times falls away entire from the receptacle, (Figs. 2. & 3.) Petals nearly equal in length. Vexillum erect, very large, broadly obcordate, the mar- gins reflexed. Alee standing forward, oblong, clawed, singularly invo- lute at the extremity. Carina a little deflexed, oblongo-ovate. Stamens 10, free, rather shorter than the style, as long as the keel. Filaments white. Anthers oblong, yellow. Germens pedicellate, linear, silky, style curved upwards, filiform. Stigma subacute, glabrous. Raised by my valued friend P. Neill, Esq. from Nepaul seeds sent to this country by Dr Wallich, and cultivated in the open air in his interesting garden at Canonmills, near Edin- burgh, where, trained to the wall, it forms a handsome shrub, which first produced its fine large yellow blossoms in the latter end of May. There can be no doubt but that it will form a most valuable addition to our stock of hardy shrubs. VOL. II. I possess specimens of the same plant, gathered in Nepaul, sent to me by Dr Wali.ich, but without a name. Being ig- norant of the structure of the perfect seedvessel, I am uncertain in what genus it should be placed. The JSaptisiw are all na- tives of North America, and the fruit of this individual will probably be found to differ essentially from that which belongs to that genus. As far as regards the other characters, which are taken from the flower, it seems sufficiently to agree with Baptisia *. Fig. 1. Calyx fallen from the receptacle. Fig. 2. Flower, deprived of its petals and calyx. Fig. 3. Pistil. Fig. 4. Flower from which the calyx and vexillum are removed. Fig. 5. The same, from which the alae are also removed. Fig. 6. Vexillum. — All more or less magyiified. • Since the above was printed, and since the working off of a large proportion of the plates, a seed-vessel has become fully formed upon Mr Neill's plant : this is broadly linear, compressed, with a rather long curved acumen, and containing about eight seeds. In the structure of the seed-vessel, it therefore departs from the genus Baptisia^ and may perhaps be united with Thermopsis of Mr Brown in Hort. Kew. v. iii. p. 3. " Cal. oblongus, semi-5-fidus, bilabiatus, postice convexus, basi attenuata. Cor. papilionacea, petalis longitudine subtequalibus : vexillum lateribus reflexis ; carina obtusa. Stamina persistentia. Legumen compressum, lineare, polyspermum." — Br. To this genus belong Th. lanceolata^ Br. (Podalyria lupinoides, Willd.) native of Siberia, and the Thermia rhombifolia o( Nuttall, native of America; though in my specimens from Dr Ri- CHAKDSON, the margins of the vexillum are not reflected. I may here add, that the leaves in Mr Neill's plant (probably in consequence of cultivation) are twice or thrice the size of those upon the native specimens ; and that Mr Don, who, however, had not had an opportunity of examining the seed-vessel, was also of opinion that the plant might be referred to Baptisia. 132 CHRYSIPHIALA pauciflora. Few-flowered Chrysiphiala, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. AMARYLLIDEM, Be. Gen. Char. — Periantkium subinfundibuliforme, tubo inferne angustato pe- dunculiforme basi subincrassato, limbo dilatato sexfido. Corona staminea sexfida. Stamina erecta, stricta. Stigma subincrassatum, obsolete trifi- dum. Chrysiphiala pauciflora ; floribus ante folia, perianthiis laciniis erecto- patentibus, staminibus subasqualibus, corona brevi tubulosa, dentibus bifidis. Scape appearing before the leaves, which latter I have not the opportunity of describing, rounded, glaucous, about 4 inches high. Umbel of 2 flowers, having at the base a spaiha of two lanceolate, membranaceous leaflets, which are half as long as the tube of the shorter flowers. One of the flowers subsessile, later than the other, which is pedicellate. Perianth croceous, nearly two inches long, the tube infundibuliform, con- tracted below the middle (and somewhat pedunculiform), and at the base again slightly incrassated, superior : limb 6-cleft, erecto-patent, with the segments concave, lanceolate, rigid, the outer ones narrower, all green on the back, and incurved. Crorvn short, croceous, with a bifid tooth be- tween the stamens. Stamens erect, arising from the sinuses of the teeth, those longer which are placed opposite the outer segments of the perianth. Filaments subulate. Anthers oblong, (destitute of pollen). Germens 3- ceUed, ovules many, two-ranked, plane. Style filiform, as long as the crown, a little twisted, thickened towards the base. Stigma trifid, subir- regular. — Lindl. Flowered in the greenhouse of the Horticultural Society's establishment at Chiswick, in the month of April 1824, from bulbs introduced by James Cowan, Esq. along with many other rarities from Peru. Both the drawing and description,^ made from the living plant, were communicated by my friend John Lindley, Esq. VOL. II. Mr Ker observes, when giving an account of Chrysiphiala Jiava, that all the known species of this genus are natives of Peru, and that Pancratium flavum, coriaceum, latifolium and recurvatum, belong to it. The genera Stenomesson, Carpo- detes and Leperiza of the Honourable Mr Herbert, he fur- ther considers as merely individuals of the present genus *. Fig. 1. Crown of the Perianth and Stamens. Fig. 2. Style and vertical sec- tion of the germen. Fig. 3. Upper part of the style and stigma. Fig. 4. Transverse section of the germen.— JZZ more or less magnified. * A drawing of the leaf has been sent to me by Mr Lindley, but not till after many impressions of the plates were printed. Mr Lindley thus describes the leaf: " Nearly erect, lanceolate, petiolate, quite glabrous, fleshy, slightly plaited, dark green above, beneath somewhat glaucous, with the midrib incomplete, depressed above in the middle, on the under-side very prominent." tf. a, 133 CALLICARPA longifolia. Long-leaved Callicarpa. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA Nat. Ord. VERBENACEJE, Juss. in Ann. du Mus. Br VITICES, Juss. Gen- Gen. Char.— Ca/«/ar campanulatus, 4-fidus, sequalis. Cor. campanulata, 4- fida, regularis. Stam. 4, aequalia, exserta. Stigma capitatum. Bacca (parva) monolocularis, 4-sperma. Setnitia subossea. — Br. Frutices oppositifolia, pube ramosa vel stellari glandulisque sessilihus insuper plerumque cmspersi, furfuracei. Folia simplicia. Cymae axillares, dicho- tamce. Flores parvi, albi vel purpurascentes. Antherae scepius glandulosce, albumen tenue. — Br. Cal\icar]3a longifolia; foliis lanceolato-acuminatis superne serratis adultis glabriusculis, pedunculo petiolum paullulum superante. C. longifolia, Lam. in Enc. Meth. v. 1. p. BGS.—Illustr. t. 69. f. 2.— Willd. Sp. PL V. 1. p. 261 RoxB. Fl. Ind. v. X. p. 409- ? A shrub, with erect weak branches, which are obscurely four-sided, and clothed, especially the younger ones, with stellated pubescence, of which the rays are exceedingly numerous, and such as to give it a mealy ap- pearance to the naked eye. Leaves always opposite, 5 or 6 inches in length, lanceolate, somewhat waved, serrated in the upper part, the ex- tremity acuminated and nearly entire, dark green above, paler beneath, the younger ones covered with a stellated pubescence, the older ones pubescent only on the nerves beneath, all of them petiolated, with the petioles scarcely more than half an inch long. Cymes axillary, small. The peduncles or main stalks scarcely exceeding the length of the petiole, the pedicels short, having minute, linear-lanceo- late bracteas at their base. Flowers small, drooping when fully ex- panded. Calyx small, cup-shaped, with four short and very obtuse teeth. Corolla subcampanulate, 4-lobed, the lobes erecto-patent, of a white colour, fringed with pink. Stamens 4, inserted at the base of the corolla, and exceeding it in length. Filaments white, glabrous. Anthers oblong, yellow. Pistil: germen superior, small, spherical; about as long as the stamens, filiform, white ; Stigma obtuse, scarcely capitate. " Ber^ rie* white," {Roxb.) VOL. II. Sent to me by Mr Shepherd as a species of Callicarpa, which was received by him from China, and which at present has reached only to the height of two feet in the stove of the Botanic Garden at Liverpool. It appears to me to agree in almost every particular with the figure and description of the C. longifolia of Lamarck, which that author states to be found in Malacca by Sonnerat. Roxburgh's character, above referred to, describes the leaves as long-petioled, and as downy underneath * : this latter circumstance I find to exist on- ly in the young leaves ; in the older foliage, the pubescence, if present, is confined wholly to the veins on the under side. The plant described in the Flora Indica inhabits Prince of Wales' Island. Very nearly alHed to the present species, as far as I can collect from the characters, are the C.japonica of Thunberg, and the C. purpurea of Jussteu, {Poryphyra dichotoma of LouREiRO). But the latter, as described by Dr Wallich, has leaves only two inches long, while the former has no pu- bescence, short stamens and style, and an acute stigma : if, too, Thunberg be correct in stating that his C.japonica has " filamenta geimini inserta" it probably belongs to an alto- gether different genus. Fig. 1. Two flowers, removed from the cyme. Fig. 2. Single flower, cut open. Fig. 3. Stellated pubescence. — All more or less magnified. " I have since ascertained the plant of Dr Roxburgh to be a distinct species, and which I have named, in a collection of plants made in Prince of Wales' Island by Mr Potts, and which is in the possession of the Horticultural Society of liondon, Calli- carpa Koxburgii. 1345 MURRAYA PANICULATA. Few-flowered Murraya. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. AURANTIACEJE, Correa. Gen. Char. — Fhres proportione partium quinaria. Cal 5-partitus. Cor. campanulata. Stam. 10. Fil. lineari-subulatis, antheris subrotundatis. Fructus carnoso-baccatus, bilocularis, saepe abortu monolocularis, locu- lis monospermis. Semen appendens. Spermodermis crasse lanata. Co~ tyledonum auriculas minimae. Folia impari-pinnata. Murraya pankulata; foliolis ovatis acuminatis, florlbus terminalibus axillaribusque subsolitariis, baccis oblongis saepius dispermis. M. paniculata, " Mal. Misc. 1. n. 2. p. 31." (DC.)— De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 537. Chalcas paniculata, Lour. Coch. p. 331. Camunium, Rumph. Herb. Amh. v- 5. p. 26. t. 17- This plant appears, in its native climate, sometimes to form a tree of no in- considerable dimensions, with rounded branches. Leaves impari-pin- nate, of from 3 to 5 or 7 ovato-acuminate, glabrous, alternate leaflets, the upper ones small and simple. Fhrvers terminal and axiUary, solitary, extremely fugacious, white, sweet- scented (in our specimens not paniculated). Calyx of 5 leaves, with the leaflets subulate, obtuse, thickish, with resinous dots. Petak 5, dotted, erecto-patent, obovato-lanceolate, acute and clawed. Stamens 10, hypo- gynous, deciduous, inserted in a single row at the base of an elevated fleshy disk or nectary, unequal, those opposite the calycine segments the longest. Filaments plane, subulate, standing so close as almost to form a tube, but always free. Anthers roundish, pale, 2-ceUed. Ger- men oval, granulated, inserted upon the fleshy disk, 2-celled, cells 2- seeded. Style filiform, thick, jointed upon the germen, and deciduous, equal in length with the stamens. Stigma capitate, flattish at the top, somewhat 2-lobed. — Lindl. Mr LiNDLEY obligingly communicated the drawing and description of this plant from the Horticultural Society's col- lection, where it flowered in May 1824. The species is a na- VOL. II. tive of the islands of the Indian Ocean, as well as of China and Cochinchina. In the latter country, Loureiro tells us it always hecomes a tree, in Amhoyna and Java never. It is of recent introduction at the Horticultural Society's garden, having been sent there by Sir Stamford Raffles from the Island of Sumatra, and it is consequently kept as a stove plant. The Murraya paniculata is a species which has been very imperfectly known, most authors having considered it to be the same with 31. exotica, although the figure above quoted of RuMPHius is excellent, for the period at which it was publish- ed, and LouREiRO's description is equally accurate. Of the hard wood of this tree, various implements and orna- ments are made by the Malays, especially of those parts of it that are more beautifully veined ; and its leaves are used medi- cinally. In China and Cochinchina it is cultivated on account of the fragrance of its flowers. Pig. 1. Flower, deprived of its petals. Fig. 2. The same, deprived of the petals and deciduous style. Fig. 3. Anthers. Fig. 4. Upper part of the style and stigma. Fig. 5. Germen cut through transversely, to show the cells.~^// more or less magnified. 135 HABENARIA gracilis. Slender Habenaria. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA— Nat. Ohd. ORCHIDE^. Gen. Char. — Cor. ringens. Lahellum basi subtus calcaratum. Glandulaf pollinis nud«, distinctae (loculis pedicellorum adnatis vel solutis distinc- tis. — Br. in Hort. Kerv. Habenaria gracilis ; labio tripartito, lacinia media ovata, latenbus li- nearibus longitudine aequali, comu subulato germine breviore. H. gracilis, Colebr. MSS. ined. Root articulated, fibrous. Stem a foot and a half high, slender, tapering. Leaves numerous, alternate, amplexicaul, linear-lanceolate, glabrous^ nerved, upper ones gradually smaller. Spike long, single, composed of many, rather distantly placed, dingy orange- coloured flowers. Bracteas lanceolate, shorter than the flower. The three outer petals lanceolate, spreading, nearly equal; of the three inner ones the two uppermost are broadly ovate, the lowest or lip is pendent, tripartite, the lateral segments linear-subfalcate, the middle one ova-te, scarcely shorter. Spur subulate, shorter than the germen. Anther with the base of the cells distinct. Pollen-masses yellow.— Colebr. A native of shady situations at Sylhet, where it flowers in the rainy season. The drawing and description, made from the living plant, were kindly sent me by Mr Colebkooke. In the structure of the lip, a considerable affinity may be traced between this species and the Habenaria marginata, but in their habit the two plants are widely different. VOL. II. Fig. 1. Flower, magnified . 136 HABENARIA margin ata. Marginated Habenaria, GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEJE. Gen. Char. — Cor. ringens. Labellum basi subtus calcaratum. Glandulce pollinis nudae, distinctae, loculis pedicellorum adnatis vel solutis distinc- tis. — Br. in Hort. Kerv. Habenaria marglnata ; labio tripaii'tito, laciniis lineari-lanceolalis, inter- medio breviore obtuso, cornu clavato germinis longitudine, anthera utrinque appendiculato. H. marginataj Colebr. MSS. Root consisting of two distantly-placed, elongated and subcylindrical tubers, and a few thick, fleshy, white fibres, spreading from the long neck of the root. Stem scarcely raore than 4 inches long. Leaves, those from the root, three or four, spreading, elliptical, entire, glabrous, of a firm texture, dotted, and having a thin, semitransparent border or margin : those from the stem two or three in number, small, lanceolato^subulate, partly sheathing, marginated. Spike terminal, conical. Bracteas linear- lanceolate. Flowers scentless. The three outer petals green, spreading, of these three the uppermost is broadly cordate, ribbed, the two lower ones lanceolate : the three imier petals deep yellow, of these the two up- permost are oblong, curved laterally, and lying close to and forming a slightly concave helmet with the uppermost outer one : the lowest or lip pendent, tripartite, its segments linear-lanceolate, the lateral ones acuminate, the intermediate one shorter and blunt. Spur greenish, compresso-clavate, about as long as the twisted germen. Column short. Anther large, roundish, yellow-green, with two club-shaped, but thin membranaceous appendages, one on each side. Anther-cases distant at the base. Pollen-masses yellow. Introduced by accident (according to Mr Colebrooke, to whom I am indebted for the drawing and description of this plant) into tlie Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it was first VOL. II. observed in July 1814, being then in flower, and growing spon- taneously in the turf. Fig. 1. Back view of a flower. Pig. 2. Front view of the same, magnified. 1S7 BALSAMINA setacea. Bristle-leaved Balsamina, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA— Nat. Obd. BALSAMINEm. t^EN. Char.— AfithercB 5-biloculares. Stigmata 5, distincta. Capsula ovata, valvis ad maturitatem introrsum apice elastice inflexis. Cotyledones crassae. Pedicelli semper uniflori solitarii aut aggregati. Flores in horlis facile pleni. Capsulae pulverulce. — DC. Balsamina setacea ; fcliis oppositis subsessilibus lineari-lanceolatis corda- tis marginibus setaceo-serratis, pedunculis subtribus uiiifloris, cornu pedunculum subaequante. impatiens setacea, Colebr. MSS. ined. Stem herbaceous, procumbent, diffuse, four-angled, jointed, coloured. Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, linear-lanceolate, cordate at the base, dis- tantly serrulate, with the serratures terminated with a bristle, upper surface wrinkled, lower one smooth. Peduncles two, or generally three, in the axil of each upper leaf, and con- siderably more than half as long as the leaves, erect, slender, single- flowered. Bracteas subulate. Flowers large, lilac-coloured. Calyx of two subulate, opposite leaflets (a, a). Petals 4i, unequal, ringent ; the upper one (b) roundish, vaulted, acute ; the two inner ones (c) half ob- ovate, appendiculate at the base on the outside : the lowermost one a spur or nectary, horn-shaped or subulate, hollow, and nearly equalling the peduncle in length. Capsule ovate, acuminate, curved, with five furrows. — (^Colebr.) For the drawing and description of this plant I am in- debted to H. T. CoLEBROOKE, Esq. who mentions further that it comes from the Kerrera Mountains, north of Sylhet, that it bears flowers in the rainy season, and ripens its seed soon after. A plant of such beauty would be a great acquisition to our gardens, and we hope that ere long it may find a place there. Fig. 1. The parts of the flower represented separately and slightly magni- fied. VOL. II. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 138 PHOLIDOTA IMBRICATA. Imbricated Pholidota. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEM. PHOLIDOTA, Lindl. MSS. Gen. Char. — Flares resupinati. Petala subconformia, 3, exteriora erecto* patentia, dorso carinata. Lahellum ventricosum, trilobum. Columna apice dilatata. Anthera bilocularis, persistens ; Massce pollinis 2 in sin* gulo loculo, basi glandula unitse. Cymbidium imbricatum, Carey, MSS. Wellia, Thecka maravara, Rheede, Hort. Malah. v. xii. p. 147- 1. 24. Parasitic. Root a few simple or branched fibres. Stems short, clustered* when young subcylindrical, and clothed with sheathing large scales, brown and membranaceous at the border, in the old plant constituting a rather large, ovato-oblong, subtruncated and sulcated fleshy bulb, par- tially clothed with the old scales ; at the summit bearing only a single broadly lanceolate, acute, erect, striated leaf, attenuated and convolute at the base, somewhat waved at the margin. From the extremity of the stem, and within the convoluted base of the leaf, arises the solitary flower-stalk, almost a foot in length, slender, pendent, naked, having at the extremity a long, crowded, distichous spike of flowers, which, in the state of bud, are so closely imbricated and con- cealed with the ovate bracteas, that the spike bears an apt resemblance to the tail of some species of serpent. When the flowers expand, the bracteas are more apart, the spike becomes much longer, and the flowers are protruded, of a dingy yellow brown or tawny colour. The petals are nearly equal in size, ovate, subconnivent, the three outer ones broad, very concave, and keeled at the back, the two inner ones smooth, slightly concave. Lip equal in length with the petals, standing forward, of a roundish figure, remarkably ventricose, gibbous at the base, 3-lobed, lateral lobes erect, intermediate one reflexed and subtri- fid, its colour paler than the petals. Column white, rather shorter than the petals, oblong, dilated upwards, and subcucuUate. Anther fixed just below the summit in front, dark brown, 2-lobed, 2-celled, each cell opening transversely, and containing a double pollen-mass, united at the base by a granulated gland, each portion obovate, yellow. VOL. II. Flowered in the stove of our Botanic Garden in May 1824, from plants gathered in Nepaul, and sent by Dr Wallich. I had scarcely made the accompanying design, when specimens in blossom of the same species were communicated to me by Mr Shepherd, from the garden of Mr Joseph Cooper, near Liverpool. Plants had been sent both to Mr Cooper and to Mr Shepherd from Nepaul, by Dr Carey, the lat- ter having received it with the name of Cymbidium imbrica- tum. From the account which I gave of this highly curious pa- rasite to Mr LiNDLEY, he informed me that it probably be- longed to his MS. genus PMlodota, a name which I here adopt, and have drawn up characters to suit the plant, without having the advantage of Mr Lindley's distinguishing marks. The structure of the inflorescence is indeed very unlike that of any of the same family with which I am acquainted. The figure quoted in the Hortus Malabaricus, is so cha- racteristic, that I can feel no hesitation in referring it to this individual, so that its geographical range in India is pro- bably considerable. Its medical virtues are by Rheede, like those of most of his plants, greatly extolled : even the very roots, pounded and applied to the shaved head, are said to cure fevers. The same author avers, moreover, that it always par- takes of the same properties with the tree on which it is a pa- rasite. Fig. 1. Spike of young flowers. Fig, 2. Side view of a single flower. Fig. S. Front view of the same. Fig. 4. Column and lip. Fig. 5. Front view of the column. Fig. 6. Anther. Fig. 7. The same with the valves open. Fig. 8. Back view ; and, Fig. 9. Front view of the two double pollen-masses.—^// magnified. 139 DIOSPYROS VACCINOIDES. Vaccinium-like Diospyros. POLYGAMIA DKECIA Nat. Ord. EBENACEM, Juss. Br. Gen. Chak.— Flares polygami. Cali/x profunde 4 (nunc 3- vel 6-) fidus. Corolla urceolata, 4 (nunc 3- vel 6-) fida. Masc. Stam. basi corolla inserta, ejusdem laciniis dupla. Filamenta dupli- cata. Rudimentum pistilli. Hermaphr. Fcem. Stamina effoeta, pauciora. Ovarium 8-12 (nunc 3-) lo- culare, loculis monospermis. Bacca globosa, calyce patente demum re- flexo. — Br. in Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. Diospyros vaccinoides ; foliis ovatis obtusis nitidis margine subtusque Yil- losis, floribus solitariis quadrifidis, fructu triloculari. D. vaccinoides, Lindley, MSS. A small, erect, twiggy, shining-leaved, evergreen Shrub, with flexuose branches ; the older ones glabrous, the younger ones with reddish hairs. Leaves alternate, ovate, exstipulate, shining, obtuse, plane, nearly nerve- less, glabrous above, the margins and midrib beneath, as well as the short petiole, clothed with reddish hairs. Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile, with a small bracteiform scale. Co- lyx inferior, quadrifid, with the segments subulato-ovate, as long as the corolla, the margins coloured, and pilose with red hairs. Corolla (fe- male plant) monopetalous, hypogynous, subcampanulate, white, quadri- fid, the segments ovato-acuminate, patent, glabrous, having a line of red hairs running down the back of each. Stamens 4, inserted at the base of the coroUa, and alternate with its segments, sterile, included, ap- pressed to the pistil. Filaments filiform, plane. The rudiments of the anthers and continuation of the filament, purple, ovate, rough at the margin. Germen globose, 3-celled, 3-seeded ; Ovules pendulous. Sti/le trifid, hairy, the lobes appressed. Stigmas quite simple. — Lindl. Introduced by Mr Potts from China in 182S, to the gar- den of the Horticultural Society of London, where Mr Lind- ley made the above description, and the design from which the accompanying plate was engraved. It flowered in the VOL. IL month of May of the following year, in the stove ; but all the blossoms had imperfect anthers, and we are as yet unacquainted with the ripened fruit. I can by no means satisfy myself whether this plant should be referred to Diospyros, or to Maba^ with which latter genus Mr Ltndley justly observes that it has many important points in common, especially with the Maba bUiVifolia, (Ferreola, RoxB. et WiLLD.) which is fully described in Roth's Nov. Sp. PL Ind. Or., and with the M. obovata of Brown's Pro- dromus. From Diospyros it differs in the number of cells in the germen, which, in the present individual, are 3, not 8-12 ; and from Maba in the calyx and corolla having 4, not 3, divi- sions, and in the cells of the germen containing only 1, not 2, ovules. Again, it comes near to the character given by Mr Brown of his genus Cargillia, which, he says, holds a middle rank between Diospyros and Maba, but of which one of the essential peculiarities is to have the germen with 4 cells, and the cells with 2 seeds. Fig. 1. Flower. Fig. 2. Inner view of a corolla. Fig. 3. Abortive stamen. Fig. 4. Pistil. Fig. 5. Vertical section of the same, shewing the ovules. Fig. 6. A single leaf, (natural size). — All but Fig. 6. more or less magni- Jied. 140 OENOTHERA serrulata. Serrulated-leaved Evening Primrose. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. ONAGRARIJE. Gen. Char.-— Ca/j/x quadrifidus, tubulosus. Petala quatuor. Capsula qua- drilocularis, quadrivalvis, cylindrica, infera. Semina nuda. — W. (Enothera serrulata ; foliis linearibus spinuloso-serratis acutis, floribus axillaribus solitariis, calycis foliolis carinatis, stigmate quadrilobo, capsula cylindracea. CE. serrulata, Nuttall's Gen. Amer. PI v. i. p. 246.— Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. v. iii. p. 120. « A low, perennial, sufFruticose plant," (Nutt.) Stejn and branches slender, terete, reddish, scarcely pubescent. Leaves alternate, 3 or more inches long, linear, tapering at the base, and acuminated at the point, glabrous, single-nerved, spinuloso-serrate. Flowers solitary, of a moderate size ; measuring about an inch and a half in diameter when fully expanded. Cali/x funnel-shaped, yellowish, with 4 acute, at length reflexed, ovate, deeply carinated, lobes. At the base of these lobes, within, and forming, as it were, a continuation of the up- per part of the funnel-shaped portion of the calyx, are the 4> roundish, bright yellow, remarkably crumpled and rather spreading petals. Sta^ mens 8, alternately shorter, with very short filaments, and linear-oblong yellow Anthers. Germen inferior, linear, obtusely 4-angled, green, slight- ly pubescent, %/e much shorter than the corolla. Sligma peltate, deep brown, 4-lobed. Discovered by Mr Nuttall on the summits of hills, in the plains of the Missouri, and of the Red River, and first cul- tivated in the garden of the University of Pennsylvania, whence seeds were kindly communicated to our garden by Mr MuR- RAY. We have kept it in a pot in the open air, occasionally giving it the shelter of a frame. VOL. II. Mr NuTTALi. has correctly observed, that the flowers of this species expand in the morning, and that it is remarkable for the structure of its calyx, the arrangement of its stamens, and for its almost undivided stigma. Fig. 1. Flower, natural size. Fig. 2. The same, with the corolla and tube of the calyx cut open, to shew the style, stigma, and stamens. Fig. 3. Stamen. Fig. 4. Germen. — All more or less magnified. 141 IMPATIENS TRILOBATA. Three- lobed Balsam. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA— Nat. Ord. BALSAMINEJE, Rich. De Cand. Gen. CnKU.—Antheroe 5, nempe 3 biloculares, 2 ante petalum superius 1- loculares. Stigmata 5, coalita. Capsula prismatico-teretiuscula, elon- gata, valvis a basi ad apicem extrorsum revolutis. Cotyledones planius- culae. Pedunculi axillares, remoti, multiflori. Capsulae glabra;. Folia alterna.—DC. Impatiens trilohata; umbellis quadrifloris longitudine foliorum, folus late-lanceolatis serratis, nectario conico acuminato curvato. Impatiens trilobata, Colebr. MSS. Stem herbaceous, erect, quadrangular. Leaves opposite, decussate, petioled, broadly lanceolate, tapering at both ends, smooth, serrulate, about 3 inches long, and less than one inch broad. Peduncles axillary, solitary, half the length of the leaf, bearing a 4-flowered umbel. Pedicels shorter than the peduncle. Perianth 2-leaved; leaflets lanceolate, placed as bracteas by the sides of the flowers. Petals 3, unequal ; the upper one roundish, vaulted, pointed at the summit; the two lower ones 3-lobed; exterior lobe much larger ; interior one minute, yellow ; middle one oval, reddish. Nectary ample, cucullate, pointed at the top, and terminated behind with an incurved horn. Capsule oblong, curved, 5-furrowed. For the drawing and description of this plant, I am in- debted to Mr CoLEBROOKE, who found it a native of Sylhet, in the East Indies, where it flowers towards the beginning of the cold season. Fig. 1. VOL. II. 142 DENDROBIUM album. White single-flowered DendroUum. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA— Nat. Ohd. ORClilDEM. Gen. Q,n\^.—Lahellum ecalcaratum, articulatuni cum apice processus un- guiformis, cujus lateribus petala antica adnata, calcar aemulantia. Masses pollinis 4, parallelae. — Br. Dendrobium album ; bulbis elllpticis compressis apice uni-trifoliis, pe- dunculis unifloris erectis, petalis sublanceolatis, labello oblongo ob- scure trilobo, medio tuberculo oblongo carnoso. Parasitic: Root a few simple zig-zag fibres. Bulbs clustered, about 2 inches long, elliptical, compressed, fleshy, green, having some large, brown, membranous scales at the base, and bearing at the extremity from 1 to 3 linear, subacute, rather fleshy dark green leaves, complicate at the base, spreading, slightly keeled at the back, and furnished with a mid- rib. Flowers solitary, erect, upon a short, upright peduncle, arising from a scaly sheath at the base of the bulbs. Petab erect, or slightly recurved at the point, white, ovato-lancsolate, nearly equal in size, the three outer- most connected together at the base, and of them the two foremost form- ing a kind of double sack or pouch by their union. Lip almost equal in length to the petals, erect, yellowish-white, grooved, imperfectly 3- lobed, lateral lobes very small, the central one slightly recurved, and having a large, yellow, oblong tubercle near the^centre. Column linear- oblong, united at the base behind, with the petals plane in front, having the quadrangular concave stigma near the top. At the extremity is placed the deciduous anther, operculiform, conical, imperfectly 2-celled, and having 2 pairs of yellowish- white, waxy pollen-masses, of which the inner lobes are the smallest. Germen very long, pedunculiform, striatedi quite straight. From tbe stove of the Liverpool Botanic Garden, where it was received by Messrs Shepherd from Jamaica, through the favour of Mr Wiles. VOL. II. I am unable to find any description which agrees with the character of this plant, and have thus been induced to give it a name expressive of the almost pure white hue of its blos- soms. Fig. 1. Front view of a flower. Fig. 2. Flower, with the petals and lip spread back. Fig. 3. Anther-case. Figs. 4, 5. Pollen-masses.-^// more or less magnified. Back of Foldout Not Imaged us BROMELIA NUDicAULis. Leafless-stalked Bromelia. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA— Nat. Oed. BROMELIA. Gen. Char. — Cal^x 3-fidus. Petala 3 ; Squama nectarifera ad basin petali. Bacca trilocularis. — W. Bromelia nitdicaulis ; foliis lato-linearUanceolatis obtusis mucronulatis spinuloso-serratis, scapo tomentoso infra squamoso, squamis lan- ceolatis convolutis integerrimis coloratis, spica elongata. B. nudicaulis. Linn. Sp. PL p. 409.— Willd. Sp. PL v. 2. p. 9, (not o£ Bot. Reg. t. 203. which is B. pyramidalis Bot. Mag.) Bromelia pyramidata aculeis nigris, Plum. Gen. t. 62. Stem none. Leaves often 2 feet long, numerous, ligulate, of a rather thick and remarkably coriaceous texture, their colour dark lurid green, nerve- less, edged with sharp black teeth pointing forwards, recurved up- wards, convolute at the base, there forming a tube, which is filled with water. Scape a foot and a half, or more, in length, rounded, whitish, covered with a thin, soft wool or down, and partly clothed, especially in the upper part, with broadly lanceolate, convolute, deep rose-coloured scales or bracteas, whitish on the lower part of the scape, aciuninated at the point. Spike terminal, subpyramidal, simple, destitute of leaves. Flowers rather distantly inserted, spreading, ovato-acuminate, with a small, red, closely appressed bractea at the base. The inferior part is occupied by the large, ovate, green, pubescent, S-ceUed, many-seeded germen. Ca/yo; superior, of 3 erect, rigid, oblong, yellow-green, glabrous leaflets, unci- nate at the point, their margins oblique and somewhat convolute. Co- rolla of 3 linear, oblong, yellow, upright petals, oblique at the extre- mity, scarcely unguiculate, each bearing a stamen, which is inserted near its base, and having, just above this point of insertion, a small fringed nectary or double scale. Stamens : 3 inserted upon the recep- tacle, and 3 upon the petals, shorter than the petals. Filament slender, white. Anthers connate over the stigma, oblong, 2-celled, pale yellow. Sti/k filiform, green. Stigmas 3, small, twisted, green. VOL. II. This fine plant flowered, probably for the first time in Bri- tain, during last year (1823), at the Botanical Garden of Li- verpool. Again, this year, it has produced a noble spike of blossoms, a representation of which, through the kindness of my friends Messrs Shepherd, I have now the pleasure of lay- ing before the public. A comparison of this figure with the one above quoted of Plumier, will show that no reasonable doubt can be enter- tained of its being intended for the same plant, and conse- quently, that it is the figure referred to by Linn^us and WiLLDENOW as the true Bromelia nudicaulis. The indivi- dual represented in the Botanical Register is the B. pyrami- dalis of Sims, in the Botanical Magazine ; and the latter au- thor quotes, with a mark of doubt, the synonyms of Linn^us, WiLLDENOW and Plumier. This plant was received at Liverpool from Trinidad, by favour of the Baron De Schack, from whom likewise we have individuals in our garden, which have not as yet flowered. Fig. 1. Single flower. Fig. 2. The same deprived of the calyx. Fig. 3. Petal with its stamen- Fig. 4. Stamen from the receptacle.—^Z^ wiore - i)r less magnified. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 144 ROSCOEA PURPUREA. Purple Roscoea. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA Nat. Ord. SCITAMINE^. Gen. Char. — Anthera biloba, incurva, terminalis, stylum vaginans, basi bi- calcarata. Corolla ringens, limbo duplici. Calyx monophyllus, tubu- losus. Roscoea purpurea; spica foliorum vaginis obvoluta, calyce obliquo in- tegro. Sm. R. purpurea, Sm. Ex. Bot. p. 97. t. 100. Root (according to Smith) consisting of several clustered, oblong, tapering knobs, producing branched fibres. Stem erect, nearly a foot high, simple, leafy, terete, clothed with the striated sheathing bases of the leaves. Leaves lanceolate, spreading, distichous, waved, with a central midrib and many parallel oblique nerves, pale green. A cluster of flower-buds is produced within the sheathing base of the upper leaves, but only one is expanded at a time. Each has a triangular, ob- long, pale green, 3-celled, inferior germen. A tubular, membranaceous spatha, similar to a calyx or outer corolla, arises from the top of the ger- men, opening laterally from the summit, and sheathing almost the whole of the tube of the corolla. Corolla of a purple rose-colour, 4-5 inches in length, consisting of 6 divisions, 3 outer and 3 inner, each bilabiate, united below into a long filiform white tube. Of the 3 outer divisions, the segments are lanceolate, the upper one is erect, very hollow and ca- rinate, compressed, the margin much revolute, the extremity a rather sharp white point ; the two lower are bipartite, reflexed and pale : the 3 inner ones very unequal, the 2 upper ones erect, hatchet-shaped, and forming a sort of hood or helmet to the anther and stigma, pale ; the lower one, very large, clawed, rotundate, subplicate, obscurely 3-lobed, its central lobe very spreading, emarginate at the point. There are a few deep purple streaks at the top of the claw, which gradually dis- appear in the lamina. Filament linear, grooved. Anther with a 2-horn- ed white appendage at the base, curved, oblong, yellowish, 2-celled, emarginate at the top for the reception of the stigma. Style very long, filiform, passing through the tube of the corolla and the groove of the filament and anther, and terminating in the globular perforated stigma at the top of the anther. This stigma is slightly pubescent, and ciliated at the margin of the perforation. VOL. II. For the acquisition of this elegant plant, which flowered in August 1824, our garden is indebted to the sister establish- ment of Edinburgh, and few inmates of the stove are possessed of greater recommendations, either with regard to the beauty or the durability of their inflorescence than the Roscoea pur- purea, for its blossoms are singularly large and shewy ; and though they are produced singly, and each continues in perfec- tion but for one day, yet there is a considerable number, and a long succession of them. Exactly similar to the present species, is an individual which I received under the name of Roscoea speciosa from Liverpool, where it flowered in 1822. The two plants differ remarkably from the figure given of the flower of Roscoaa purpurea in Exotic Botany, the lower lip of the corolla, both in the dried specimen and living plant being twice or thrice as large and recurved, and the whole blossom of a much deeper and bluer colour. These dissimilarities I conceive to be attributable to inaccuracy in the draftsman ; for in a na- tive specimen which Sir J. E. Smith has been so kind as to give me of his R. purpurea, I find the corolla to be like the one here represented. The only point in which it differs is, that the sheathing bases of the leaves wherein its flowers are contained, are much larger and more swollen, probably ow- ing to the greater number of flower-buds produced by an indi- genous plant, and also that the upper leaves themselves are considerably shorter, and more like bracteas. Fig. 1 . Flower, deprived of the segments of the corolla ; a, Style. Fig. 2. One of the upper segments of the inner coroUa. Fig. 3. Stamen ; a, The canaliculated filament ; h, The two horn-like processes at the base of the anther ; c, Anther. Fig. 4. Transverse section of the germen. Fig. 5. Stigma. — All more or less magnified. 145 HABENARIA orbiculata. Round-leaved Habenaria, GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEjE. Gen. CHAn.— Corolla ringens. Labellum basi subtus calcaratum. Glandules pollinis nudae distinctae (loculis pedicellorum adnatis vel solutis distinc- tis)— ^r. Habenaria orbiculata ; labello lineari-lanceolato, petalis 3 superioribus erectis conniventibus lateralibus reflexis, anthera triangulari mutico, foliis binis suborbicularibus. Orchis orbiculata, Pursh, Fl. N. Am. v. 2. p. 588. Root consisting of a few large subfusiform, thick, fleshy fibres. Leaves twoj large, spreading, arising from the root, nearly orbicular, bright green, somewhat fleshy, indistinctly nerved, very obtuse. Scape about a foot high, simple, many-angled, naked, glabrous, terminated by a lax spike, from 4-6 inches in length, of yellowish-green, erecto-patent Jkwers. Bracteas lanceolate, nearly as long as the flowers. The three uppermost petals connivent, and including the anther, ovato-acuminate ; the outer- most ones the largest, green, the innermost rather shorter and yellower: the two lateral petals remarkably reflexed, so as almost to meet at the back, and to embrace the base of the spur and top of the bractea, their form is between ovate and lanceolate, and their colour green. Lip half as long again as the petals, linear-lanceolate, entire, yellow-green, stand- ing forward and incurved, the margins often reflexed ; its base prolong- ed into a spur, which is considerably longer than the germen, whitish, and hanging downwards. Anther large, green, triangular, the angles obtuse, ceUs distantly placed, linear-clavate, their bases much apart. Pollen-masses clavate, yellow, their glands standing out naked beyond the base of the cells. Stigma green, viscid. Germen | of an inch long, twisted. For the introduction of this highly interesting plant to Europe, we are indebted to the Right Honourable the Countess of Dalhousie, who, with a liberality and kindness that I am proud to acknowledge, immediately upon receiving an applica- tion which had been made to her Ladyship for Canadian plants, sent to our Botanic Garden some boxes well stored with bota- VOL." II. nical rarities, especially Orchideae, from the vicinity of Mon- treal. These cases were, upon their arrival in autumn 1823, placed by our able curator, Mr Murray, in a frame, into which the air was freely admitted during the winter and spring, and early this summer they have presented such a spectacle of rare American orchideous plants in blossom, as, except in their native places of growth, there has perhaps hardly ever been witnessed. Hitherto Pursh is the only author who has described this species of Hahenaria, although Nuttall speaks of it as an inhabitant of the Alleghany Mountains^ of Pennsylvania, and the banks of Lake Erie. The range of this plant's growth extends, therefore, from Virginia to Canada, from which latter country I have also received dried specimens of it from MrCLEG- HORN and Mr Goldie. From New York, too, the plant has been transmitted to me through the kindness of Dr Torrey, and from Boston by F. Boott, Esq. It may surely, therefore, be reckoned among the more common species of this family in North America : indeed, it is so well known that Pursh states the inhabitants to be generally acquainted with it under the name of All-heal. The species most nearly allied to the present individual, is the very fine plant which Mr Goldie discovered in the island of Montreal, and which is described under the name of Hahe- naria macrophylla in Mr Goldie's " Account of new and Rare plants detected in Canada during the year 1819," in the 6th volume of the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal. It is with much surprise I find that my friend Dr Torrey of New York, in a letter which he had the goodness to write to me upon the subject of Mr Goldie's paper, considers the H. macrophylla, of which he judges of course only by the de- scription, to be the same with the H. orhiculata of Pursh, notwithstanding that the differences between these two plants are fully and satisfactorily pointed out in the Memoir in ques- tion. It will suffice here to mention, that the H. macrophylla is twice the size of the present individual in almost all its parts ; and that the anther is at each angle at the base, prolonged into a projecting horn. Should I not succeed in my expectation of obtaining H. ma- crophylla in a living state from Canada, I shall undoubtedly publish a figure of it from some well preserved specimens in my herbarium, which have been given to me by Mr Goldie. F*ig. 1. Front view of the Anther, with the three upper petals and lip. Fig. 2. Pollen-mass, magnified. 146 IMPATIENS FIMBRIATA* Fimbriated Balsam. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._Nat. Ord. BALSAMINEM, Juss. De Cand. Gen. Char Anthera 5, nempe 3 biloculares, 2 ante petalum superius l-lo- culares. Stigmata 5, coalita. Capsula prismatico-teretiuscula, elongata, valvis a basi ad apicem extrorsum revolutis. Cotyledones planiusculae. Pedunculi axUlares, remoti, multiflori. Capsulae glabrce. Folia alterna. — DC. Impatiens Jimhriata; racemo terminali capitate, foliis ovali-lanceolatis acuminalis longe ciliatis, nectario corniculato florem excedente, brac- teis pulcherrime ciliatis. Stem herbaceous, erect. Leaves opposite, petioled, obliquely lanceolate ; acuminate, serrate, hairy at the serratures, polished, 4-5 inches long, an inch and a half broad. Petioles flat above, round beneath. Racemes terminal, borne upon long peduncles, dense, subglobular, many- flowered. Peduncles quadrangular, straight, of nearly the same length as the leaves. Pedicels round, slender, straight, longer than the flowers. Bracteas linear-lanceolate, fringed with numerous, long, purple threads. Flowers violet. Perianth : tAvo small, falcate leaflets, placed as bracteas by the sides of the flower. Petals 3, unequal : the upper one roundish, vaulted, pointed at the top : the two lower ones larger, more beauti- ful, gibbous. Claws appendaged by a round lobe on the outer side, which may be con-^idered as smaller, lateral confluent petals. Nectary ample, cucullate, pointed at the top, terminating behind in a very long, slender, incurved horn. — Colebr. Native of the mountains of Sylliet, where it flowers in May. It is well distinguished from any other species by its dense and purple racemes of flowers, and their beautifully fringed brac- teas. Whether it should rank with the genus Impatiens or Balsamina of De Candolle, I am unable to decide. Discovered by Mr Colebrooke. VOL. II. 147 PARKERIA PTERIDOIDES. Pten's-like Parkeria, CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES— Nat. Ord. PARKERIACEJE. Capsulm sphsericse, uniloculares, membranacese, emnnulatce, indehiscentes, intus semini- bus majusculis repletae. Sori dorsales, venis longitudinalibus, costae parallelis in- serti, marginales, continui. Indusium e margine frondis continuum, intus liberuni. — Plantse aquatica. Radices e basi frondium longm, ramoscB, tomentosce. Frondes di- chotome divisi, ramis frmtificantibus linearibus, venis longitudinalibus, paululum anasto- mosantibus. Vernatio circinnata. Habitus Pteridis sed capsules valde dissimiles. Gen. Char. — Idem ac Char. Ord. Parkeria pteridoides ; frondibus uniformibus. Aquatic. The roots long, penetrating deep into the mud, branched, and downy with numerous small, black, scale-like processes. Plant from 8 inches to a foot in height. Stipes 4 or 5 inches long, stout, cy- lindrical (?), obscurely striated, furnished with a few small brownish scales, and often throwing up from the base a young circinnate frond. Frond subtriangular in its circumscription, bipinnatifid, the segments linear, once or twice dichotomous, the ultimate ramuli rather acute. The anterior side of the frond is slightly convex, marked with about 3 longitudjinal continuous nerves, which here and there anastomose ; the posterior side is nearly plane. Involucre, or Indusitim, formed by the involute margin of the frond, which is thin, membranaceous, and reticulated. In the older and broader parts of the frond there is a rather considerable space in the centre, between the margins of the involucre (Fig. 2.) ; but in the ultimate branches, where the frond is narrower, the margins of the involucre almost meet in the centre, (Fig. 4.) These involucres cover and conceal the sori or clusters of fructification, which are inserted continuously upon the veins. Capsule large in proportion to the size of the plant, spherical, thin, membranaceous, with numerous swellings caused by the seeds within, almost transparent, sessile, of a brownish colour. Within, they contain numerous, rather large, spherical, or frequently angular, pale brown seeds. The general appearance of this curious fern, impressed me with the opinion that it belonged to the genus Pteris ; a more accurate examination subsequently demonstrated, not only that its structure was incompatible with the characters of that ge- nus, but also that it was equally at variance with the definition of the Natural Order Filices. It is essential to the true Ferns, to possess a capsule which opens either with a regular fissure, or by means of an elastic annulus, and no appearance of that kind is discoverable in the individual before us. As a new genus, then, I have the utmost pleasure in dedi- cating this plant to its discoverer C. S. Parker, Esq. of Blo- VOL. II. chairn, near Glasgow, a gentleman who, imbibing an early taste for botany under the celebrated De Candolle at Geneva, has continued to pursue the study vnth. great zeal ; and during an excursion which he lately made through the British settle- ments at Guaiana, collected a rich and abundant harvest of plants. These have been consigned to me, with a liberality that demands my warmest acknowledgments, together with nu- merous descriptions, made from living individuals, chiefly of those belonging to the tribe of Palms. Among his choice col- lection, are many specimens of the Fern now under considera- tion, in an excellent state of preservation. The nature of the capsules of this plant, and their situa- tion, require that a new Order in the Class Cryptogamia should be established for it, and I have named it after the only genus that is at present known to belong to the family. Perhaps its place should be near Marsileacece of Brown. The East Indian Pteris thalictroides of Swartz and WiLLDENOw {Acrostichum, L.), has unquestionably many points in common with this plant, and it is equally of aquatic origin : but the fructification is nowhere described with suffi- cient accuracy to enable me to speak satisfactorily upon the point of their affinity, and I have not had the opportunity of seeing specimens. I cannot, however, help expressing it as my opinion, that P. thalictroides * will rank in the same ge- nus with the present subject of our consideration. As a spe- cies, it may be distinguished by its having sterile fronds, diffe- rent from the fertile ones : whereas in all the specimens of Parkeria pteridoides, the fronds are alike. Another plant, allied to this, is the Pteris cornuta of Pa- LisoT DE Beauvois' Flove d'Oware et de Benin, p. 62. t. 37. That author, however, both describes and figures the capsules as furnished with an annulus, and having seeds quite different from those of Parkeria. This grows in salt-water pools on the coast of Africa. Mr Parker finds the present fern in fresh-water ditches, in the district of Essequibo. Fig. 1 . Portion of the frond. Figs. 2. & 4. Under side of a portion. Fig. 3. Back view of ditto. Fig. 5. Under side, witli the involucre laid open, to shew the situation of the capsules. Fig. 6. Capsules. Fig. 7. Cap- sule torn open. Fig. 8. Seeds.— more or less wagnified. * This is mentioned by Mr Brown, Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 154, as constituting a new genus ; and, since the above was printed, I find that, in Fmnkliii's Jouo-nal, Aw. under the article Cryptogramma, Mr Brown has called it Teleozoma, and assigns to it " Capsulai sessik's, annulo complelo latissimo.'" Hence, however closely these two genera, Crgplofframma and Tcleozoma, may be allied to our plant in habit, they are essentially ditferent in the structure of the fructification. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 148 PACHYSANDRIA? CORIACEA. Nepaul Pachi/sandra. MON(ECIA TETRANDRIA— Nat. Ord. EUPHORBIACEJE. N. Char— Masc. Cal. 4-phyllus. Cor. 0. F(em. Cal 4-phyllus (vel e squamis imbricatis). Car. 0. Styli (2 vel) tres. Caps, (bi-) trilocula- ris. Sem. 2. — Willd. Pachy Sandra ? coriacea; arborescens glabra, foliis ovato-lanceolatis longe acuminatis subcoriaceis integerrimis floribus foemineis digynis. A tall (?) with the stems and branches rounded, smooth, glabrous, somewhat shining. Leaves alternate, distant, placed upon a petiole, which is grooved above, and about an inch long ; ovato-lanceolate, much acuminated, glabrous, somewhat shining, quite entire, dark green above, scarcely nerved, beneath paler, rather more evidently nerved, faintly 3-nerved at the base. Fbwers, from the younger branches, placed in short> scarcely pedunculated, solitary spikes, in the axils of the leaves : at the base of the spike are two or ihrefeinale flowers ; the rest are male. Male flower: Perianth 4.-partite, segments ovate, erecto-patent, pale green; surrounded at the base with 3-5 imbricated, ovate, pale green scales. Stamens 4, hypogynous, opposite to the segments of the Perianth. Fi- laments, when arrived at their full growth, twice as long as the perianth, broad, flat, whitish, erecto-patent, at length patent. Anthers oblong, at first yellow ; cells almost opposite, much grooved at the suture : after the discharge of the yellow pollen, they become brown and recurved. Pistil none, only a truncated gland. Female Flower: a small, ovate, green, scaly bud or catkin ; the scales ovate, slightly acuminated, and ciliated at the margin. True perianth none. Stamens none, not even the rudiments of them existing. Pistil solitary. Gerinen oblongo-ovate, green, S-celled, cells each with a single ovule ; terminating in two recurved sessile, whitish stigmas, which are papil^ lose in the upper surface. A native of Nepaul, whence I have received fine dried spe- cimens from my inestimable friend Dr Wallich. The oppor- tunity of figuring this species from a living individual, I owe VOL. II. to Mr AiTON, who has enriched our Botanic Garden with some of its choicest plants. It was sent to Kew, and probably to other gardens in England, marked Prunus Puddum, a name that can only have been applied to it in reference to the general habit of the tree or shrub, or to the appearance of its leaves, without the opportunity of an inspection of the flowers. These prove it to belong to the Natural Order Euphorhiacece, and are so closely allied in their structure, both the male and female blossoms, to the genus Pachysandra, that, except in the circumstance of the latter genus having 3 stigmas, and this plant only 2, I know of scarcely a difference. The stamens have the same dilated filaments, and a similar form of anther, and in both, the flowers are placed in axillary spikes. In the habit, however, a striking disparity is observable. Pachysan- dra is a low, creeping herbaceous plant, with deciduous leaves ; whilst the present species forms a shrub, or probably, in its na- tive country, a tree, with evergreen coriaceous leaves : so that it seems likely, that, when the fruit of this individual comes to be known, it will be found to constitute a distinct genus. With the genus JBuxus, the subject of the present plate quite agrees in the structure of its male flowers ; but the pistil is considerably different, in its form and organization ; and though the evergreen foliage may be thought to mark an affinity of habit, yet the nature of the leaves, and especially of their ner- vation, is widely different. For the present, therefore, I shall place it in the genus Pa- chysandra, leaving it to Dr Wallich, who has doubtless ere now seen its blossoms, and in all probability the perfect fruit, to form it into a new genus, if he deems it necessary, in his Flora Indica. Fig. 1. Male flower. Fig. 2. The same, before the stamens have reached their full size. Fig. 3. Female flower. Fig. 4. Pistil. Fig. 5. Section of an anther; 149 Al^ISOPETALON Carey anum. Dr Carei/s Anisopetalon. GYNANDRIA MONANDEIA Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEM. Div. Anthera mobilis decidua. Massse pollinis demum cereacece — Ba. Gen. Char. — Fbres erecti. Petala subconniventia, exteriorum trium duobus anterioribus majoribus apice cohserentibus, duobus interioribus minimis subulatis. Labcllum oblongum, prope basin bidentatum inferne gibbo- sum cum basi producta columnae articulatum. MassiE pollinis 4; per pa- ria approximatis, paribus inaequalibus. Planta parasitica. Bulbi subtetragoni unifoliati. Scapus radicalis ; flores dense spicati. Anisopetalon Careyaimm. Root creeping, here and there producing bulbs rather larger than a pigeon's egg, obtusely 4-sided, thick, fleshy, of a paler colour than the leaves, and partially covered with a white deciduous nap or down, throwing out from below some white, simple fibres, and above producing a single, linear-lanceolate, thick, dark green leaf. Scape springing from the base of the bulb, scarcely 3 inches long, with 3 or 4 brown, distantly-placed scales, and terminating in a dense oblong spike of flowers, about two inches in length, and which is altogether of a singularly dull and lurid brown, or chocolate colour. Bracteas lan- ceolate, shorter than the flower. Flowers erect, so that they cannot pro- perly be called either resupinate or the reverse. The three outer petals subconnivent, quite erect, ovate, concave, dingy yellow, splashed with blotches of dull purple, the posterior one the smallest, free, the two an* terior ones considerably larger, connivent at their back towards the ex- tremity. The two inner petals very small, subulate, orange-yellow. Lip attached, and jointed upon, the extremity of the protruded base of the column, oblong, deep purple, very gibbous at the base below, glan- dular, with two lateral curved teeth near the base, one on each side ; it stands vertically, is much shorter than the petals, and a little longer than the column. Column rather short, upright, orange-coloured, sub- cylindrical, with two rather long teeth, curved forward, one on each side at the extremity ; between these is the deciduous, operculiform An- ther, covering two pair of yellow, cereaceous pollen-masses, each pair having the inner portion or lobe the smallest. Stigma concave. Germe?i oblong, reddish, not twistqd. VOL. II. An inhabitant of Nepaul, and communicated by Di* Carey of Serampore to the Botanic Garden of Liverpool, where it flowered in the stove in October 1824, and whence a specimen, with a sketch of the living plant, were sent to me by Mr H. Shepherd. The structure of these flowers is highly curious ; each, taken separately, having no inconsiderable resemblance, both in colour and form, to the spatha of the Pothos violacea. Not being able to discover any already established genus at all corresponding with this plant, I have derived the present appellation from ccviffog, unequal, and cferaXoi', the petal; from the great disparity in the size of the inner and outer petals. This species is dedicated to the eminent individual to whom the Liverpool garden owes the introduction of it. Fig. 1. Single fl ower. Fig. 2. Anterior petal. Fig. 3. One of the poste- rior petals. Fig. 4. Flower deprived of the three outer petals, shewing the two inner ones, the column and the lip. Fig. 5. Front view of the column, with the two inner petals. Fig. 6. Lip removed from Fig. 5. Fig. 7. Anther-case. Fig. 8. Pollen-masses.— J!// more or less magnified. 150 CUSCUTA REFLEXA, var. verrucosa. Warted East Indian Dodder, PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.— Nat. Oud. CONVOLVULACEM. Gen. Char. — Calyx 5- raro 4-fidus. Corolla globoso-urceolata (vel campa- nulata) limbo 5-fido (plerumque) marcescens. Ovarium 2-loculare, lo- culis dispermis. Capsula bilocularis, circumscissa. Cuscuta reflexa; digyna, stigmatibus subsessilibus divergentibus subula- tis, corolla campanulata 5-dentata, laciniis reflexis, squaniis fimbriatis. Cuscuta rejlexa, " Roxb. Carrnn. PL v. ii. No. 104." — Fl. Ind. v. i. p. 466. /3, verrucosa, pedunculis calycibusque verrucosis. Cuscuta verrucosa, " Sweet's Brit. Fl. Gard." t. 6. Stem of great length, filiform, branched, leafless, succulent, climbing from left to right, shining, glabrous, greenish-virhite, spotted and dashed with purple, adhering parasitically by means of small, fleshy, discoid radicles. From various parts of the stems and branches proceed clusters, or com- pact panicles, formed of a more or less considerable number of large, pure white, waxy, and slightly pellucid, fragrant jlowers, the smell of which somewhat resembles that of the primrose. Peduncles and pedicels sprinkled with many elevated, shining dots or warts, of a deep purple colour. Bracteas 2 or 3 on the pedicels, or at the base of the calyx, small, ovate. Calyx of 5 fleshy, white or pale rose coloured, ovate, obtuse, appressed, warted segments, quite inferior, and not at all adliering to the germen, persistent. Corolla deciduous, campanulate, or very slightly contracted at the mouth, 5-^ toothed, the teeth reflexed, at the base of which, on the inside, are 5 short, fringed scales. Atithers 5, ses- sile, placed just within the corolla, and alternating with its segments, oblong, yellow : beneath them is an elevated line, running down to the back of each scale. Germen rotundato^ovate, tipped with the two, near- ly sessile, subulate, white stigmas. Young capsules 2-celled, each cell 2-seeded. Fully formed capsules the size of large peas, terminated with the style and stigmas, spherical, membranaceous, opening all round transversely near the base, imperfectly 2*celled ; the dissepiment mem- branaceous, free : each cell 2-seeded ; one or sometimes both in a cell not unfrequently abortive. Seeds attached to the base of the cells, erect, rotundate compressed. Albumen copious, between fleshy and corneous. Embryo filiform, long, spirally rolled up, and immersed in the albumen. VOL. II. I have not had an opportunity of seeing the figure above quoted, of Sweet's Cuscuta verrucosa ; but my friend Dr Graham, from whose accurate notes I have extracted most of the above description, informs me, that, although differing in some respects from our plant, he yet believes them to be the same. That came from Nepaul. The present individual flowered in the Botanic Garden at Edinburgh, in November 1824, having been raised from a lot of various seeds gathered in the low grounds about Madras, in the Mysore, and on the Coromandel coast, by Dr Shortt. But from which of these three places the seeds of the Cuscuta came, is not determined. It grows with great luxuriance upon the stems of Sccevola Taccada, when plunged in the tan-pit. Other plants, which were placed in situations more exposed to the sun, and which had attached themselves to neighbouring individuals of a more woody nature, did not attain to so large a size, and had their stems and branches less succulent, and more purple. Our Cuscuta coincides in so many points with the C. reflexa of Dr Roxburgh, that, except the presence of the warts on the calyx and pedicels, I know of no difference *. Hence, 1 am led to make it a variety of that plant, an opinion in which I believe Dr Graham is disposed to agree. For the principal figures of the drawing from which the engraving was made, I am indebted to Dr Grevili.e. Fig. 1. Corolla laid open. Fig. 2. Calyx, with the advanced germen. Fig. 3. Section of a young capsule. Fig. 4. Capsule opening. Fig. 5. The same, from which the lid is removed. Fig. 6. Seed. Fig. 7. Sec- tion of the seed, shewing portions of the Embryo, the rest being imbed- ded and hid in the Albumen.— ^4// more or less magnified. • I speak, however, from the description in the Flora Tndica only. The figure in the " Plants of Coromandel" which I have not seen, Dr Graham assures me has the flowers considerably smaller than in our plant. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 151 CATASETUM floribundum. Baron de Schack's many-flowered Catasetwrii GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEJE. Gen. Char. — Corolla resupinata ; foliolis quinque subaequalia ; labello sac-» cato-concavum. Columna bicornis ; cornna retrorsa^ filiformia, arcuato- cbnniventia. Anlhera operculata, columna interne infra apicem atte- nuato-subulatum insidens. Pollinis masscB duae, pedicello communi sUf- fultae. — Rich. MSS. in Kuntk. Parasiticum. Folia membranacea, ex apice bulbi erumpentia. Pedunculi dicales, uni- pauci- multijlori, bracteati. Floras magni. Catasetum Jloribundum ; spica foliis breviore, labello obtusissime tri- dentato, petalis subagqualibus late ovatis acutis duobus interioribus intus purpureo-maculatis, reliquis columnaque concoloribus. Parasitic. Plant from a foot to a foot and a half high, throwing out seve- ral thick, fleshy, simple, white fibres. Bulbs oblong, compressed, 6-10 inches long, fleshy, covered with the dry sheathing bases of the old leaves, and terminated at the extremity by a crown of 3-4 lanceolate pale green, ribbed, carinated and undulated, subreflexed acute leaves, about a foot long. Scape arising from the very base of the bulb, about a foot high, cylindrical, at intervals furnished with green membranaceous sheaths, and curved with the weight of its many large fleshy jlowers, which form a lax broad spike at the extremity. Bracteas lanceolate, shorter than the germen. Flowers very large, beautiful, scentless. Petals equal in length : the three outer ones nearly equal in size, the terminal one approaching to lanceo- late, concave, subconnivent, pale green, united at the base, the back subcarinated, the apex very acute, both within and without of an uniform pale green colour. Two inner petals equal in size with the two lateral outer ones, and differing from them only in being faintly spotted with purple in the inside. Lip superior, cucuUate, large, thick, fleshy, the mar- gin in front tridentate, teeth very obtuse, the sides lengthened out towards the base of the column ; its colour is a deep yellow, the extremity pale green, within it has large deep purple blotches. Column confluent, as it were, with the back of the lip, leaning a little forward, about 2 inches VOL. I[. long, pale green, thick and fleshy, its base bearing two filiform processes, about an inch long, which enter the hollow of the lip, and are curved or flexuose : the column itself is semicylindrical, tapering upwards into an acuminated and unguiculated point, to the underside of which the large anther-case is fixed, which takes the form of the part to which it is laterally applied, is broadly subulate, and at its lower part within bears two cells. Pollen-mass exactly as in C. tridentatum of this work. Stigma anterior, subquadrate, concave, viscid. I have here the great satisfaction of figuring another fine and new species of Catasetum, which blossomed in the stove of our Botanic Garden in November 1824. The plant was re- ceived from Baron De Shack of Trinidad, whose recent de- cease has deprived our noble garden of one of its most valuable and liberal contributors. This is the second species of that suberb genus which had been introduced by that gentleman to our gardens ; and to his memory I am desirous of dedicating the present individual. Catasetum Jiorihundum difi^ers from the C. tridentatum (t. 90, 91.) in the much larger size of its flowers, their more glo- bose form, and more connivent petals ; and essentially in the much broader, acute, and by no means acuminate petals, the exterior of which are indeed (at least the two lateral ones) equal in size with the two interior ones. I may further remark, that here the two inner petals are of the same hue as the rest, only spotted within with purple, and the lip is covered internally with deep blotches of purple ; whereas in C. tridentatum the two inner petals are coloured and also spotted within and with- out, and the lip is inside almost wholly yellow. From C. Claveringi of Lindley in Bot. Reg. t. 840., it may be somewhat more difficult to discriminate our plant. The former, however, is much larger in all the parts of its flowers, the petals are described (though not so figured) as obtuse, and all of them are purple within The column and the filamentous » I fear, however, little dependence is to be placed upon colour. We have had an- other plant of Catasetum from Trinidad, which flowered in the stove of our Botanic processes are deeply spotted with purple, and internally the lip is yellow ; its teeth are longer and more acute. C. Claverin- gi is described as having its flowers very evanescent, expanding slightly in the middle of the day, and diffusing a faint smell like myrrh. The blossoms of the present plant are perfectly scentless : they continued in great perfection for three or four days in the stove, without exhibiting any symptoms of decay, and the flower-stalk having been then cut off, it continued in great beauty for almost a week longer. C. Claveringi is a native of Brazil. Mr LiNDLEY enumerates five certain and one doubtful species of Catasetum. The subject of the present plate adds another to this truly noble genus. It was not difficult, in this individual, to distinguish the cause of the highly elastic property of the pollen-mass. It re- sides in the stalk of the masses, which is a thin, broad, mem- branaceous, and very tough plate. It is spread over a convex surface on the front of the column, whilst the masses them- selves are in a measure confined in a hollow above, and the large gland is held in by another hollow below the swelling. When the anther-case is removed, the plate quits the spot where it was before retained, and its margins rolling in sudden- ly and quickly, the whole is thrown off with a jerk to a great distance. The cavity at the base of the gland is filled with a thick, white, glutinous substance of an unpleasant smell. Fig. 1. Front view of a flower, removed from its natural position, with the petals forced open. Fig. 2. Column, with the pollen-masses as they appear whilst the anther-case is carefully and artificially removed. Fig. 3. Anther-case removed from the column. Fig. 4. Back view of a Garden, and differs only in colour from our C.floribundum. The lip is pure yellow in the inside, and all the petals are of a pale purplish colour, all of them minutely spotted with purple within, and obscurely so even without. The margin of the lip is indeed slightly ciliato-crenate (a naark I may have overlooked in the plant above described) ; and this will bring it near to the C. maoulatum of Humboldt and Kunth. At Fig. A, a flower of this variety, as I consider it, is represented. pollen-mass (with its stalk rolled in at the margins), as it appears after its ejection from the column. Fig. 5. Front view of the same. Fig. 6. Pollen -mass, magnified.'— All but Fig. 6. of the natural size. Fig. A. A flower of the variety mentioned in the subjoined Note, 7iat. size. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 152 CONIUM Arracacha. Arracacha. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.— Nat. Ord. UMBELLIFER^. Gen. Char. — Fructus ovatus, costis 10, acutis, immaturis undulatis (an semper }). Cal. obsoletus. Pet. obcordata subinaequalia. Styli basi tu- midiusculi. Receptac floris dilatatum depressum undulatum persistens. Flores subirregulares herraaphroditi (nunc imperfecti). — Sm. Conium Arracacha ; foliis pinnatis, pinnis 5 late ovatis acuminatis in- ciso-pinnatifidis profunda serratis, duobus inferioribus petiolatis sub- tematis, floribus radii hermaphroditicis, centri masculinis vel omnino imperfectis. C. moschatum, Humb. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. v. 5. p. 14. t. 420.?— Kunth, Syn. PL Mq. v. ill. p. 97- ? Root, in a state of cultivation, forming large oblong tubers, often as large as that of the carrot. Stem a foot and a half or more in height, branched above, terete, striated, glabrous, leaves glabrous, the lower ones upon very long, striated footstalks, sheathing at the base, pinnated with 5 broad- ly ovate, acuminated pinnae, pinnatifid, cut and deeply and irregularly serrated at the margin ; of these pinnae, the uppermost one is more or less petiolated and subternate. Upwards upon the stem, the leaves become gradually smaller, more simple, and with shorter petiols, till at length the uppermost ones are almost sessile, trifid or tripartite, and acutely serrated ; and all of them nerved and veined. Umbels rarely lateral, mostly terminal, small, compound. Involucres none. Partial ones few, small, subulate, about 3. Rays 10-12. Fhwers on short pedicels ; abortive ones nearly sessile, occupying the centre of the partial umbels. These are of two kinds : some bear perfect stamens, and differ from the perfect flowers in having no pistil, and only a small depressed superior disk or gland ; others are altogether imperfect, very small: their petals never expand (see Fig. 1.), and the stamens which surround a small depressed gland are extremely imperfect. The her- maphrodite Jlorvers occupy the circumference, and have 5 nearly equal, spreading, inversely heart-shaped 2Jetals, with an incurved acumen, whitish, green on the outside in the centre. Stamens 5. Filaments curved. Anthers roundish, somewhat 2-lobed. Gerrnen ovate, with 10 striae. Styles 2, erect, afterwards curved outwards, their bases slightly swelling, and surrounded by a waved annulus. Fruit (but hardly ripe) VOL. II. ovato-elliptical, scarcely compressed, each akenium having 5 longitudi- nal, but scarcely acute ribs, and terminated by the persistent styles. The first account which reached our country of this inte- resting and valuable plant, was published in the first volume of the Annals of Botany about the year 1805, from a com- munication made to the Editors of that excellent work by Mr Vargas, a native of Santa Fe de Bogota, a gentleman of great attainments, who at that period was residing in London. " This plant," says M. Vargas, " known in Santa Fe de Bogota by the name of Arracacha, is one of the most useful of the vegetables in that part of America. It belongs to the Order Umhellifene, and in its habit resembles an Apium; whence, in some parts of the country, it is called Apio. Its stalk generally divides from the upper part of the root into se- veral stems, thickly beset with large orbicular leaves gashed in- to several sinuses, and supported by large tubular petiols, ex- ceeding a goose-quill in thickness. The roots immediately di- vide into four or five branches ; and each of these, if the soil be light and the weather favourable, will grow to the size, and have nearly the shape, of a large cow's horn. This root yields a food which is prepared in the same manner as potatoes, is grateful to the palate, and so easy of digestion, that it fre- quently constitutes the chief aliment of the sick. Starch and pastry are made from its fecula, and the root, reduced to pulp, enters into the composition of certain fermented liquors, sup- posed to be efficacious as tonics. In the city of Santa F^, and indeed wherever it can be procured, the Arracacha is as uni- versally used as the potato is in England. The cultivation of this plant requires a deep black mould, that will easily yield to the descent of the large vertical roots. It is propagated by planting pieces of the root, in each of which is an eye or shoot ; these acquire in three or four months a size sufficient for culi- nary purposes, though, if permitted to continue six months in the ground, they attain to immense dimensions, without any injury to their flavour. The colour of the root is white, yel- low, or purple, but all the varieties have the same quality. " Like the potato, the Arracacha does not thrive in the hotter regions of the kingdom, for there the roots will not ac- quire any size, but throw up a great number of stems, or at best they will be but small and indifferent in flavour. In the coun- tries which are there called temperate, being less hot than those at the foot of the Cordilleras, this vegetable sometimes succeeds, but never so well as in the elevated region of those mountains, where the medium heat is between 58° and 60° of Fahrenheit. Here it is that these roots grow the most luxuriantly, and ac- quire the most delicious taste." Mr Vargas farther remarks, that he was not aware of the existence of this plant in any other part of America than the kindgom of Santa ; and also that it is not mentioned by any American writer except Alcedo, who notices it in few words, at the end of his " Diccionario Geographico-kisforico de las Indias Occidentales d America^ I believe that nothing farther had been made known re- specting the Arracacha until the late Baron De Shack, with- in few years, endeavoured to introduce this valuable vegetable into the Old World, and at three different periods communi* cated living roots to our garden at Glasgow, to that of Liver- pool, and I believe also to the Horticultural Society of Lon- don. Both his and our expectations were very highly raised. We hoped that by care, and a gradual inuring of the offsets to the temperature of our climate, the roots might become as hardy as those of the potato. Unhappily our anticipations have been disappointed ; although we have tried almost every variety of situation, temperature, and soil, with us they have only pro- duced, at best, a few leaves, and at the end of the year, or even less, have perished altogether. Mr Shepherd alone has been so fortunate, during the early part of the spring of 1824, as to have a few plants flowering in his garden. From these the present figure and description have been taken. According to letters which I have received from Baron De ScHACK, the Arracacha is an essential article of food, not only to the poor, but to the rich, throughout Santa Fd and New Granada, and is every where cultivated as carrots are with us. That gentleman also found it abundantly in the Caraccas and the adjacent mountainous country, (but whether indigenous or not he does not mention), and thence he took plants, which he placed in his garden at Trinidad, where the roots attained a good size ; but, probably owing to a too great degree of heat, they did not flower. From Trinidad they were sent to us. It is remarkable that Humboldt does not appear to be acquainted with this plant. Under his description of the Co- nium moschatum, indeed, which grows in cold places in the Province of Los Pastes, near Teindala, at an elevation of about 8400 feet above the sea, and where the plant is called by the natives Saccliaracha, he questions whether, as the vernacular name would seem to intimate, the true Arracacha, so famous for its esculent roots, may not be allied in species to it. I was indeed disposed, from Humboldt's figure and description, to consider the two plants as the same species ; but afterwards, on comparing them more carefully, I thought it better to hold them distinct. The more compound leaves, the segments far less acuminated and less deeply serrated, and, at least when dry, spotted ; the umbel much larger, with a trifid involucre, and a larger fruit, which is also broader at the base ; these cir- cumstances, though indicating a close alliance of the two plants, and in themselves perhaps variable, have actuated me to con- stitute the Arracacha a new species. Fig. 1. Abortive flower. Fig. 2. The same, deprived of its petals. Fig. 3. Male flower. Fig. 4. Perfect flower. Fig. 5. Petal. Fig. 6. Stamen. Fig. 7- Fruit (scarcely ripe). Fig. 8. Transverse section of the fruit.—- All more or less magnified. 155 CYTINUS HYPOCISTIS. Rape of Cistus. MON(ECIA MONADELPHIA.— Nat. Ord. ARISTOLOCHm ? Gen. Char. — Masc. Perianthium simplex, campanulatum, quadrifidura, basi bisquamosum. Antheros 8, biloculares. F(em. Perianthmm ut in mare. Stigma capitatum, sulcatum. Bacca 8-locularis Pers. Plant parasitical upon the roots of some species of Cistus. Stem 2-4 inches long, quite simple, fleshy, whitish, from a narrow base, gradually en- larged upwards, clothed with numerous imbricating scales, and with only the upper part appearing above ground. Scales ovato-lanceolate, fleshy, those below small, yellow, often tinged with brown, those above much larger and longer, bright yellow, with a tinge of red, slightly downy. Flowers monoecious, within the uppermost scales, one in each, tubulato- campanulate, of a fleshy substance near the base, having an opposite pair of lanceolate scales meeting together at the top, and at first cover- ing the flowers, slightly downy: the single Perianthium is 4-lobed; lobes scarcely spreading, ovate, obtuse. The male and female flowers seem to be exactly alike. In the Male, the base is thick and fleshy, and apparently on dissection having 4 abortive cells. Column of the sta- mens short, cylindrical. Anthers oblong, 8 in number, surrounding the top of the column, and sessile upon it. Female perianth adherent with the ovary. Style short, cylindrical, downy. Stigma capitate, with 8-10 deep furrows, brown: the ridges looking like so many abortive anthers. As far as I could judge from the transverse section of a single germen, there appeared to be one cell, with 8 elevated, longitudinal ridges, upon which the numerous ovules were inserted. Authors, how- ever, describe the fruit as an oval coriaceous Berry, of eight cells, con- taining many small rounded seeds. Having received some recently dried specimens of the Cy- tinus hypocistis from the South of France from Professor De- LiLE of Montpellier, and a sketch and some notes made from fresh individuals by my friend G. Bentham, Esq. of the same country, I am now enabled to publish a figure of this rare and curious plant. VOL. II. ii I The specimens here delineated were gathered at Grammont, near Montpellier. It is found in other parts of the south of France and in Barbary, being almost always attached to the roots of Cistus Monspeliensis ; but, according to Mr Ben- THAM, its presence does not seem to affect the health and vi- gour of the plant upon which it grows. Its first appearance is that of a small scaly tubercle, whose base is firmly incorpo- rated with the wood of the root. The hue of the plant varies from a lemon colour to rather a bright red. It is probably the resemblance of its colour to that of the pomegranate, as well its form, which gave rise to its generic name of Cytinus, (from xvrmg> pomegranate Jiowe7's). De Candolle doubts whether this genus, which is con- fined to a single species, should be retained in the Natural Or- der Aristolochice. It diflPers, indeed, in very many points, and should perhaps constitute an order of itself Fig. 1. Floral bractea. Fig. 2. Inside view of the flower and bractea. Fig. 3. Back view of a flower removed from the bractea. Fig. 4. Male flower. Fig. 5. Section of the same. Fig. 6. Anther. Fig. 7- Female flower. Fig. 8. Style and stigma. Fig. 9- Section of a germen.-'-4/i ^more or less magnified. 154 TILLANDSIA pulchra. Elegant Tillandsia. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.— Nat. Okd. BROMELIACE^. Gen. Char. — Calyx trifidus, persistens. Corolla trifida, campanulata. Cap- sula trilocularis, loculis polyspermis. Semina papposa. Tillandsia pulchra ; foliis tenuissime subulatis canaliculatis sublepido- tis, spica simplici, bracteis flore brevioribus (roseis), corolla alba stamina excedentibus, laciniis apice patentibus obtusis. Parasitical; loosely adhering to the branches of trees, by means of a few simple, flexuose fibres. Leaves mostly radical, very numerous, 4—6 inches long, subulate, about a quarter of an inch wide at the base, and gradually attenuated into a very long, slender extremity, quite entire, grooved, scarcely perceptibly mealy, of a dull bluish-green colour. Flowering stems hardly longer than the root-leaves, clothed with small leaves, which gradually assume the form of bracteas upwards. Spike 2-3 inches long, simple, consisting of about 10 or 12 Jhwers. Brae- tea almost as long as the flower, and half embracing it with its convo- lute margins, ovato-lanceolate, of a beautiful rose colour: the lower ones tipped with a green mucro. Calyx of three lanceolate, white, ap- pressed segments, of which one seems to be separated to the base ; they are shorter than the bracteas. Corolla about an inch long, pure white, tubular, of three linear segments, imbricating at the margins, scarcely united at the base, their extremity somewhat dilated, patent and ob- tuse ; texture delicate and flaccid. Stamens 6, shorter than the corolla, the filaments of all that I examined waved and wrinkled ; but whether this is a constant character or no, I am unable to say. Anthers oblong, yellow. Germen rounded, green. Style longer than the stamens, but shorter than the corolla, white. Stigma white, trifid, segments straight, obtuse and ciliated. Received at the Liverpool Botanic Garden from the Baron de Shack at Trinidad, upon the branch of the tree to which it was attached in its native forests, and this being fastened to the back-wall of the stove, and nourished by heat and moisture VOL. II. alone, produced its truly delicate and beautiful flowers in the month of November of the present year, 1824. I cannot find the character of any Tillandsia that will ac- cord with this plant. At the same time, it must be observed, that the descriptions of most authors being taken from dried specimens, and at a period when comparatively few species were known, must be in a great measure imperfect and unsatisfac- tory. The stoves of the gardens, both of Liverpool and Glasgow, are, we believe, peculiarly rich in plants of this family, which have been principally derived from the kindness of the Baron de Shack. By means of these collections, we trust that it will be in our power to illustrate several species of this curious ge- nus, which till lately had been supposed, like the parasitic Or- chidece, to be almost incapable of cultivation in the European gardens. Fig. 1. Flower seen from the posterior side. Fig. 2, 2. Calyx. Fig. 3. Stamen. Fig. 4. Anther, Fig. 5. Tip of the style and stigma. — All more or less magnified. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 155, 156. MYRISTICA ornciNALis. True Nutmeg. DKECIA MONADELPHIA— Nat. Ohd. MYRISTICJE, Br. Gen. Char.— Masc. Cal. 0. Cor. campanulata, tri- (rarius 4-) fida. Fih^ mentum columnare. Antherce 6-10, connatse. F(em. Cal 0. Cor. cam. panulata, tri- (rarius 4-) fida, decidua. Stylus 0. Stigmata 2. Drupa nuce arillata raonosi^ermdi.—Willd. Myristica officinalis ; foliis oblongis acuminatis glabris subtus albidis nervis simplicibus pedunculis uni- paucifloris, perianthio urceolato. M. officinalis. Linn. Suppl p. 265.— G^ertn. Be Fruct. v. i. p. 194. t. 41. f. 1. M. moschata, Thunb. in Act. Holm. 1782. p. 45 ^Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. p. 869'. M. aromatica, " Lam. Act. Par. 1788, p. 155. t. 5, 6, 7." La Muscade, Sonnerat, Voy. de la Nouv. Guin. p. 194. t. II6, 117, 118. Nux Myristica seu Pala, Rumph. Herb. Amhoin. v. ii. p. 14. t. 4. The trunk of the Nutmeg Tree rises to a height of about 30 feet, with many spreading branches, and has been compared to that of a Pear-tree: the Sar^reyish-brown, and tolerably smooth, abounding in a yellowish juice. Leaves slightly aromatic, almost destitute of stipule, from 5 to 6 inches long, oblong, approaching to elliptical, glabrous, obtuse at the base, acu- minate at the extremity, quite entire at the margin, dark green and some- what shining above, beneath whitish, but neither pulverulent nor downy; nerves parallel, simple, prominent, and of a brownish colour underneath! Petioh from half to three quarters of an inch in length, plane above. Of the Flowers; the male and. female are lateral and axillary, upon separate trees; but except by the blossom, it is not possible to distinguish one sex from another * The exterior, both of the male and female flowers and of the pedicels, is obsoletely clothed with reddish down. Male Flowers. Peduncles bearing the flowers in an imperfect kind of raceme, of from 3 to 5 single blossoms, about an inch long, sometimes forked ; the part that • In Dr Roxbukgh's MSS. at the India House, the foUowing curious fact is re- lated : " In the Calcutta Botanic Garden, there are two trees of Nutmeg, which are se- ven years and a half old, and from 10 to 12 feet in height; for the two first years of their blossoming, they had borne only male flowers, but in the months of November And December 1804, they produced only female flowers, and these proved fertile." VOL. II. bears the pedicels thickened and knotty. Pedicels from half an inch to an inch long, slender, bearing at the top a very small, indistinct brown- ish bractea. Perianth single, urceolate, aptly compared by Rumphius to the flower of the Lili/ of the Valley, which it resembles, both in size, hue, and general form : it is of a thick and fleshy texture, of a dingy, pale yellowish colour, cut into three or sometimes four erect, or at most erecto-patent teeth at the extremity. Within are the Stamens, collected into one body, rather shorter than the perianth, and without the trace of a pistil. Filaments, forming by their union a cylindrical, white, short, co- lumn, upon the top of which are the anthers, 1 1 in number, united into a cylindrical body, rounded at the top : each is linear, tapering, with two longitudinal cells, and emitting a yellow pollen. In the odour of the flowers, the fragrance of Musk and the Jessamine are united. Female Flowers. These, Mr Guilding observes, may generally be distinguished from the male flowers, by their being solitary on the peduncle. The Perianth is of the same shape and texture, deciduous: the pistil has the germen broadly ovate, brownish, tapering upwards, where it is marked with a longitudinal line, but is not furnished with any visible style. Stigma of two small, white, at length deciduous lobes. A broad greenish band is generally visible near the middle of the germen. As the germen swells, the Perianth falls ; the former then enlarges, becomes obovate and pendent, till at length it constitutes a nearly spherical drupe, of the same size and shape as a pear, but somewhat more attenuated at the base. The Jlesh, which abounds in an astringent juice, is of a yel- lowish-brown colour, almost white within, 4 or 5 lines in thickness : this opens into two nearly equal valves, and presents to view the nut, surrounded by its arillus or Mace, which soon drops out, when the husk withers. The Arillus (a remarkable prolongation of the seedstalk) is a sort of thick membrane, of a texture between horny and fleshy, much laciniated and anastomosing, and enveloping the nut so thickly, that it causes it to be very uneven on the surface. The colovir of it, when fresh, is a brilliant scarlet ; it envelopes about the whole of the nut, leaving only here and there a few apertures ; when dry, it becomes much more horny, of a yellow-brown colour, and very brittle. Nut broadly ovate, the shell very hard, rugged, dark brown, glossy, about half a line thick, pale and smooth within. This immediately envelopes the Seed (the Nutmeg as it is sold in the shops), which is of an oval or elliptical form, pale brown, quite smooth when first deprived of its shell, but soon becoming shrivelled, so as to have irregular vertical lines or furrows on its surface. Its cuticle very thin. Its inner sub- stance or albumen is firm, but fleshy, whitish, but so traversed with dark brown veins which abound in oil, as to appear beautifully marbled. In a cavity near the base of the albumen, is lodged the small foliaceous Embryo; which, as I have not had the opportunity of seeing it in a good state myself, I have, in the figure annexed, copied from GiERTNER. For the opportunity of oflPering to the lovers of botany a re- presentation, with details, and a description of this rare and highly interesting plant (which, though existing, I believe, in the stoves of a few gardens in Britain, has blossomed in none), I am indebted to the Reverend Lansdoune Guilding, who sent me an admirable drawing of it, from plants cultivated in the Island of St Vincent's, and also notes, from which I have drawn up much of the present account. The Natural Order to which the Nutmeg belongs, has been, with propriety, separated from the Order Lauri, in which JussiEU had placed it, and the name of Myristicce given to it by Mr Brown, in his Prod?vmus Fl. Nov. Hollandice. That author further remarks, that it is not allied to any other, but easily distinguishable by the " dioecious flowers, 3-lobed pe- rianth, connate filaments, 1-seeded free ovary, with an erect ovule, and an embryo imbedded in the base of a wrinkled al- bumen," The only genera known by Mr Brown to belong to this order, besides Myristica, are the Knema of Loureiro, which has the anthers distinct, and the Virola of Aublet, which has only 3 anthers. Myristica officinalis^ like most plants which are extensive- ly cultivated, seems to be liable to variations, and these princi- pally in the size and form of the fruit. Those trees which pro- duce rounded seeds, have been, by the inhabitants of the Eas- tern Archipelago, called Male Nutmegs, those bearing the el- liptical seeds, the Female ; terms which are certainly not allow- ed by naturalists. The Nutmeg Tree is a native generally of the Molucca Isles, but is confined principally to that group denominated the Islands of Banda, lying in Lat. 4° 30' S. ; and of these islands, ten in number, the Hollanders, who possessed them, restricted the culture of nutmegs to four exclusively, viz. Neyra, Pulo-aya, Paelorona, and Lfontoira. The Dutch destroyed them in others of their insular territories ; and so jealous were they lest so precious a tree should be possessed by the inhabi- tants of other islands not belonging to them, that, in their wars, it was one of their principal motives to destroy them, and in their treaties of peace to stipulate that they should be extir- pated. By these illiberal measures, the Hollanders were the exclusive proprietors of the Spice Islands, and had all the mo- nopoly to themselves. I am not aware that the exact quantity has ever been stated that was sold during the most profitable years; but the average proportion of Nutmegs vended in Europe (according to an account inserted in Stavorinus's Voyage), was estimated at 250,000 lb. annually, besides about 100,000 lb. disposed of in the East Indies. Of Mace, the average has been 90,0001b. sold in Europe, and 10,000 lb. in the Indies. When the Spice Islands were taken by the British in 1796, the impor^ tations by the East India Company into England alone in the two years following their capture, were, of Nutmegs 129,732 lb. and of Mace 286,000 lb. When the crops of spice have been superabundant, and the price likely in consequence to be re- duced, the same contracted spirit has actuated the Dutch to destroy immense quantities of the fruit, rather than suffer the market to be lowered. A Hollander who had returned from the Spice Islands, informed Sir William Temple, that at one time he saw three piles of Nutmegs burnt, each of which Was more than a church of ordinary dimensions could hold. In 1760, M. Beauma RE witnessed at Amsterdam, near the Admiralty, the destruction by fire of a mass of spice, which was valued at One Million of Livres, and an equal quantity was condemned to be burnt on the day following ; and Mr Wil- cocKE, the translator of Stavorinus's Travels, relates, that he himself beheld such a conflagration of Cloves, Nutmegs, and Cinnamon, upon the little island of Newland, near Middle- burgh in Zealand, as perfumed the air with their aromatic scent for many miles around. " Although," continues Mr Wtlcocke, " the Dutch have thus, by every means in their power, laboured to counteract the indulgent bounty of Heaven, they have not, in any instance, attained their object ; for, ex- clusive of the impossibility of preventing the spontaneous pro- duction of spices in the extensive woods of hundreds of islands. whereof they hardly know the names or situations, and the constant clandestine trade carried on in that article by the Pa- puas, Cerammas, Bonginnese, and Chinese, the consumption of, and demand for, cloves have been so much decreased, that the monopoly is no longer worth the expences of retaining it exclu- sively ; and in regard to nutmegs, the Hollanders have been very much the dupes of their own avarice, for, confining as much as possible the cultivation of that spice to the islands of Banda, it was nearly annihilated there in the year 1778, by a violent hurricane and earthquake, and few supplies of any importance were obtained thence for several years afterwards. The Nutmeg Tree comes into bearing in about eight or ten years, and has ripe fruit upon it at every season ; but the har- vest of it principally takes place at three periods of the year ; in July and August, when the nutmegs are most abundant, but the mace is thinner than in the smaller fruits, which are ga- thered during November, which is the second time of collect- ing it ; the third harvest takes place in the month of March or beginning of April, when the nuts, as well as the mace, are in the greatest perfection, their number not being so great, and the season being dry. The outer pulpy coat is removed, and afterwards the mace, with a knife. The nuts are placed over a slow fire, when their shell becomes very brittle, and the seeds or nutmegs drop out ; these are then soaked in sea-water, and impregnated with lime, a process which answers the double purpose of securing the seeds from the attack of insects, and of destroying their vegetating property. It farther prevents the evaporation of the aroma. The mace is simply dried in the sun, and then sprinkled with salt-water, after which it is fit for exportation. From the Nutmeg, as well as from the Mace, an essential oil is obtained by distillation, and a less volatile one by expres- sion. The uses of both parts of the fruit of Myristica officinalis are well known, whether in a medicinal or economical point of view. The pulpy coat is preserved with sugar, but not until after its acrid principle has been removed by repeated wash- ings. Contrary to the narrow and short-sighted policy of the Dutch, it has been the endeavour of the EngHsh to dissemi- nate the nutmeg tree in every climate that may appear suited to its growth. In 1798, Mr R. Broff introduced it to Ben- coolen in Sumatra, where plants little more than five years old produced perfect fruit ; and a short time afterwards, at the sug- gestion of the same gentleman, Mr Roxburgh, the son of the late Dr Roxburgh of Calcutta, arrived at Amboyna with 22,000 nutmeg plants, which, in a few years, yielded 200,000 lb. weight of nutmegs, and 50,000 lb. of mace. Again, with respect to our West Indian colonies, I am in- formed by the Rev. L. Guilding, that this valuable plant was brought to St Vincent's from Cayenne about thirty years since, though not without great difficulty, on account of the extreme jealousy of the inhabitants of that colony. The three trees ori- ginally imported have borne fruit for many years, and have at- tained the height of 20 feet, with a trunk 8-9 inches in diameter. It does not appear, however, that the culture of the nutmeg suc- ceeds so well in the West as in the East Indies. The trees love shade and moisture ; few of them, comparatively, prove female ; and even the old plants of that kind, though they pro- duce flowers and fruit in all stages, and at all times, yet they do not ripen, upon an average, above forty nutmegs annually. Tab. I. — Fig, 1. Slight sketch of a tree, to shew its habit. Fig. 2. Branch, with male flowers. Fig. 3. Section of a male flower, to shew the co- lumn of stamens. Fig. 4. Column of stamens, young. Fig. 5. Co- lumn of stamens, old, the Anthers burst. Fig. 6. Portion of a branch, with a female flower. Fig. 7- Section of a female flower, to shew the pistil. Fig. 8. Young fruit, the perianth having fallen away. Tab. II. — Fig. 1. Branch, with a ripe fruit in the act of bursting. Fig. 2. Nut, with its Mace. Fig. S. Nut, having the Mace removed. Fig. 4. Seed, the shell being removed. Fig. 5. Transverse section of the seed. Fig. 6. Portion of the Shell. Fig. 7. Vertical section of the seed. Fig. 8. Embryo. — All but Fig. 8. of the natural size. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 157 CATTLEYA LABIATA. Splendid-flowered Catleya. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA— Nat. Ord. ORCHIDEM. Gen. Char.— Perianihium resupinatum, patens, laciniis subfequaUbus. Co- lumna Ubera, semiteres, labello eroso cuculato amplexa. Anthera infra- apicilaris opercularis persistens, columnae apice subulato supertecta 4-lo- cularis; septis completis membranaceis marginatis. Massce pollinis 4>, lenticulares, per pares filo elastico granulate in ipsis reflexo connexse. Herbae parasitica (Americce (BquinoctialisJ ; hulhis fasciculaiis ; foliis soli- tariis carnosis eiiervibus ; floribus terminalibus geminis grandibus subo- doris. Cattleya laUata ; perianthii laciniis exterioribus lineari-lanceolatis acu- tis, quam interiores triple angustioribus, labello in6i\ko.—Lindl. Parasitic. Roots consisting of a few white, simple, flexuose fibres. Bulbs 3-4 inches in length, oblong, compressed, deeply furrowed, dark green clothed at the base with large withered brown scales, at the extremity furnished with a single fleshy, deep green, oblongo-lingulate, obtuse patent leaf, about 6-8 inches long. ' From the base of the leaf arises the double spatha: outer one large, 4-5 inches long, compressed, cleft on one side, submembranaceoas, greenish- brown; inner one very much smaller, and quite included in the outer Peduncle scarcely exserted, terete, glabrous, bearing two very large and splendid flowers, measuring, when fully expanded, almost 6 inches in diameter. Petals spreading, of a delicate and yet bright hue, between Ulac and rose coloured: the three outer ones equal, linear-lanceolate, the two lateral ones four times as broad, ovate, their margins waved. Lip pendent, obovate, its lower margins rolled inwards, the extremity dilated the edges beautifully notched and waved : its general colour is pale pink the inside deep purple, forming a large unifoi-m and very bright co- loured blotch at the extremity, while the lower portion is picked out with whitish branching veins. Germen long, linear, cylindrical, curved, not twisted. Column about one-third of the length of the lip, 'standing out in the same direction, pure white, subsemicylindrical, with two la- teral teeth above, and one at the back, which adheres to the back of the anther. Stigma heart-shaped, concave. Anther subhemisphajrical, white with two brown membranes at the side, 4-celled, and containing four VOL. 11. thin, flat, yellow, broadly obovate pollen-masses, connected in pairs by the base of their filaments. The most splendid, perhaps, of all orchideous plants, which blossomed for the first time in Britain in the stove of my gar- den in Suffolk, during 1818, the plant having been sent to me by Mr W. Swainson during his visit to Brazil. The individual here dehneated is an offset from the parent plant just mentioned, and it flowered at the Glasgow Botanic Garden in November 1824, continuing in great beauty for se- veral days. The agreeable odour which Mr Lindley men- tions as having been perceptibly exhaled by the flowers of the specimens from which his figure in the Collectanea Botanica was taken, was not evident in the blossoms of the present indi- vidual, although Mr Cattley's plant was derived from the same source. The genus Cattleya is clearly defined by Mr Lindley in his Collectanea Botanica^ where an excellent representation is also given from the pencil of Mr Curtis. A second species of the genus is the Cattleya Loddigesii of Lindley, {Epi- dendrum molaceum of Loddiges). Fig. 1. Side view of the column of fructification. Fig. 2. Front view of the same. Fig. 3. Side view of the anther. Fig. 4. Under side of the an- ther, shewing how the pollen-masses lie, and are connected by the base of their filaments. Fig. 5. One pair of pollen-masses, removed from the cells. Fig. 6. Single pollen-mass. Fig. 7- Under side of the an- ther-case, shewing the four cells — All magnified. 158 STETIS MICRANTHA. Small-flowered Stetis. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA— Nat. Ohd. ORCHIDEM. Gen. CHxn.^LabeUum petalis interioribus famis subfornicatis conforme. Petala 3 exteriora basi connata. Massce pollinis duse. Br. Stetis micrantha ; caule elongato unifolio, foHo lato-lanceolato, floribus spicatis bifariam insertis subsecundis acute-triffonis. S. mici-antha, Swartz, FL Ind. Occ. p. 1553.— Sw. De Orchid, p. 98.— Smith, Exot FL p. 75.— WiLLD. Sp. PL v. iv. p. 139— Br. in Hart. Kew. ed. i V. 5. p. 210. Epidendrum micranthum, Sw. Prodr. p. 125. Parasitic. Roots much branched, throwing up several stems, which are naked, or only invested with the remains of one or two sheathing mem- branes, to the height of 4-5 inches, there terminated by an oblongo- lanceolate, obtuse, fleshy leaf, about 4 inches in length, which is joint- ed, as it were, upon the top of the stalk. From the somewhat sheathing base of this leaf, arises the pedunculated simple spike, which is about 5 inches long, having flowers from the top to within an inch of the base, each subtended by a smaU lanceolate bractea. The foTvers are very small, springing in regular alternation from two oppo- site sides of the stem, but all pointing one way; when unexpanded form- ing an exactly trigonal bud. When the outer petals are closed, the flowers incline, and the lip is downwards; when expanded, the flowers raise themselves, become slightly untwisted, and the Hp is uppermost. The 3 outer segments of the perianth are broadly ovato-cordate, plane, or very slightly concave, united at the base, pale green, faintly but coarse- ly reticulated, with a slightly elevated line down the centre of the back, but by no means such as to make the flower, when in bud, appear hexa- gonal. The 3 inner petals, including the lip, are also exactly alike in shape and size, very smaU, deep purple, broadly ovate, truncate, deeply keeled at the back, generally standing forward, so as partly to cover the organs of fructification. Column short, deep purple, angled on each side at the top, and with a small process (proscollum ) in front. Anther he- mispherical, caducous, imperfectly 2-celled, deep purple, enclosing 2 ob- ovate, yellow, waxy pollen-masses, which are united at the base by a small gland. Germen oblongo- clavate, sessile, ribbed. VOL. II. A very graceful, though minute plant, belonging to the fa- mily of Orchidece, and blossoming in the stove, when treated in the same manner with other parasitics, in the month of No- vember. It is a native of Jamaica, and has been long known in our gardens. Sir J. E. Smith having given an excellent fi- gure and description of it from an individual that flowered at White Knights, in the possession of the Marquis of Bland- ford, nearly twenty years ago. The Stetis ophioglossoides of Loddiges's Botanical Ca- binet, t. 442. appears to me hardly distinguishable from this species, except by its large and brown flowers. Fig. 1. Bud, in its natural position. Fig. 2. The same, forced open, to shew the parts of the flower. Fig. 3. Flower naturally expanded. Fig. 4. Column, from which the anther is removed. Fig. 5, 5. Lateral inner petals. Fig. 6. Lower inner petal or labellum. Fig. 7. Anther-case. Fig. 8. Pollen-mass — All more or less magnified. Back of Foldout Not Imaged 159 SCHOTIA LATIFOLIA Broad-leaved Schotia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA._Nat. Ord. LEGUMINOSJE. Gen. Char* — Calyx turbinatus, semi- (quadri-) quinque-fidus^ subaequalis. Petala 5, nunc inaequalia ad orem calycis inserta. Germen pedicellatum, marginatum. Sii/lus filiformis. Stigma obtusum. Legumen magnum, latum, compressum. ^choiiB. latifoUa; foliolis tri-quadrijugis obovatis obtusis, floribus mo- nadelphis tetrapetalis, petalis duobus minoribus. S. latifolia, Jacq. Fragm. p. 23. t. 15. f. 14. An upright shruh, with alternate, zig-zag, terete, glabrous, brownish, scarred branches. Leaves abruptly pinnated, common petiole convex on both sides, sUghtly winged. Leaflets 3 or generally 4 pairs, 2 inches long, opposite, obovate, rather obtuse, with a small mucro, somewhat coria- ceous, shining, entire, veined, unequal at the base, of a dark, green co- lour. Stipules minute, almost subulate, deciduous. Panicle terminal, rather large, branches subsimple, alternate, slightly pu- bescent. Flowers crowded on the branches, especially towards their ex- tremity, nearly sessile. Bracteas two small, opposite, deciduous scales, at the base of the short pedicel. Calyx somewhat turbinate, green ; its base or tube fleshy : limb cut into 4, equal, at length spreading, ovate, obtuse segments. Corolla of 5 petals, inserted at the mouth of the tube, around a small border or ring, patent, more or less recurved, pale rose- coloured; the three superior ones ligulate, the two inferior much smaller and linear. Of these 5 petals, the uppermost one is opposite to one of the calycine segments, the rest are alternate with the segments. Stamens inserted at the mouth of the tube, much longer than the corolla, erect, 9, rarely 10, united at the base into a tube. 4nthers oblong, 2-celled, inserted by the centre of the back to the top of the filament, yellow. Pistil pedicellate, inserted into the upper side of the tube within, and decurrent with it. Germen linear, compressed, margined, the margin waved, containing 5-6 ovules. Style as long as the stamens, curved. Stigma obtuse. Legumen 4-5 inches long, and two inches broad, ellip- tical, oblong, compressed, pedicellate (?) with a narrow border of a tex- ture between coriaceous and woody, brown, opening with 2 valves, and presenting, in each valve, 3 or 4 large depressions for the reception of the seeds, and as many smaller ones, which have probably been occu-s" VOL. II, pied by abortive ones. Receptacle of the seeds large, coriaceous, com- pressed, almost scymitar-shaped. Perfect seeds about 4 in number, broadly obovate, compressed, brown, shining, half immersed in the thickened bright yellow cup-shaped arillus. The seeds of this plant, along with many others marked Caffrarian seeds, were sent to the Botanic Garden at Edinburgh by Dr Hope ; and Dr Graham, judging from the appear- ance of the foliage of this individual, as compared with that of other plants which had been received under the name of Scho- tia, presumed it to belong to that genus. Mr Burchell, the celebrated traveller in Africa, has confirmed this suspicion, and pronounced this species to be the S. latifolia of Jacquin's Fragmenta, a figure which I have not seen. There is so little resemblance either in the foliage or flowers of S. latifolia to those of the better known Schotia speciosa and tamarindifoUa, that I hesitated about continuing It in that genus ; and of the perfect fruit of any but the pre- sent species I am quite ignorant. Mr Burchell, however, who gathered this plant in Southern Africa, assures me that Its fruit accords with that of its congener S. speciosa. The seed-vessel here represented is from a fine specimen in the pos- session of Dr Graham, who further favoured me with many remarks made from the living plant in the garden. It seems to require the heat of the stove, and flowered in the month of May 1824. Fig. I. Flower. Fig. 2. The same, deprived of the stamens. Fig. 3. Ca- lyx. Fig. 4. Anther. Fig. 5. Section of the calyx, to shew the inser- tion of the stalk of the germen. Fig. 6. Section of the germen. Fig. 7 Legumen. Fig. 8. Legumen from which one valve has been removed, shewing the seeds and seminal receptacle. 160 MARCGRAVIA UMBELLATA. Climbing Marcgravia. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.-Nat. Oed. MARGRAVIACEJE. Gen. CHxn.^Corolla monopetala, calyptriformis, Integra secedens. Caly^ qumquefidus segmentis imbricatis basi subcaliculatis. Bacca sicca, oc tolocularis. 'S'emwa pulpa nidulantia. ^^Sf ^ acutis vix venosis stenhum ramorum ovatis obtusis, pedunculis umbellatis sipe tX? culosis, bracteis cuculliformibus.--Z)C ^ M. scandens. Brown, Jam. t. 26 at first anri oo • /-''^ S™wtn. It IS but a slender weakly climber rounded at the base acute nt^L TZ ' v~ ^^"^^^^ elUptical, less distinctly ne^eV^rlfuf^g^l^rf^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - clavate, much thickened holl1w wi,T "''^^ ^ remarkable form, the pedicels: often beting 'Xefor"an°SeT'; mitv. Pedicels 2 q {nr.l.«