State of Connecticut

State Geological and Natural History Survey
Bulletin No. 22

GUIDE

TO THE

Insects of Connecticut

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

WILTON EVERETT BRITTON, Ph. D.,

State Entomologist, and Entomologist of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station

PART III

The Hymenoptera, or Wasp-like Insects,

of Connecticut

fc.'

By

HENRY LORENZ VIERECK,

Assistant Biologist, U. S. Biological Survey

WITH THE COLLABORATION OF

Alexander Dyer MacGillivray, Ph. D.,
Associate Professor of Systematic Entomology, University of Illinois

Charles Thomas Brues, M. S.,
Instructor in Economic Entomology, Bussey Institution, Harvard University

William Morton Wheeler, Ph. D.,
Professor of Economic Entomology , Bussey Institution, Harvard University

Sievert Allen Rohwer,
Specialist in Forest Hymenoptera, U. S. Bureau of Entomology

BULLETINS

OF THE

State Qeologlcal and Natural History Survey

of Connecticut.

1. First Biennial Report of the Commissioners of the State
Geological and Natural History Survey, 1903- 1904.

2. A Preliminary Report on the Protozoa of the Fresh
Waters of Connecticut : by Herbert William Conn. (Out of
print. To be obtained only in Vol. i, including Bulletins 1-5.)

3. A Preliminary Report on the Hymeniales of Connecticut:
by Edward Albert White.

4. The Clays and Clay Industries of Connecticut: by Gerald
Francis Loughlin.

5. The Ustilagineae, or Smuts, of Connecticut: by George
Perkins Clinton.

6. Manual of the Geology of Connecticut : by William ISLorth
Rice and Herbert Ernest Gregory.

7. Preliminary Geological Map of Connecticut: by Herbert
Ernest Gregory and Henry Hollister Robinson.

8. Bibliography of Connecticut Geology: by Herbert Ernest
Gregory.

9. Second Biennial Report of the Commissioners of the
State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1905- 1906.

10. A Preliminary Report on the Algae of the Fresh Waters
of Connecticut : by Herbert William Conn and Lucia Washburn
(Hazen) Webster.

11. The Bryophytes of Connecticut: by Alexander William
Evans and George Elwood Nichols.

12. Third Biennial Report of the Commissioners of the State
Geological and Natural History Survey, 1907- 1908.

13. The Lithology of Connecticut: by Joseph Barrell ar.d
Gerald Francis Loughlin.

14- Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Con-
necticut growing without cultivation : by a Committee of the Con-
necticut Botanical Society.

15. Second Report on the Hymeniales of Connecticut: by
Edward Albert White.

16. Guide to the Insects of Connecticut : prepared under the
direction of Wilton Everett Britton. Part I. General Introduc-
tion: by Wilton Everett Britton. Part II. The Euplexoptera
and Orthoptera of Connecticut: by Benjamin Hovey Walden.

17. Fourth Biennial Report of the Commissioners of the
State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1909- 19 10.

18. Triassic Fishes of Connecticut: by Charles Rochester
Eastman.

19. Echinoderms of Connecticut : by Wesley Roscoe Coe.

20. The Birds of Connecticut : by John Hall Sage and Louis
Bennett Bishop, assisted by Walter Parks Bliss.

21. Fifth Biennial Report of the Commissioners of the State
Geological and Natural History Survey, 1911-1912.

22. Guide to the Insects of Connecticut: prepared under the
direction of Wilton Everett Britton. Part III. The Hymen-
optera, or Wasp-like Insects, of Connecticut: by Henry Lorenz
Viereck, with the collaboration of Alexander Dyer MacGillivray,
Charles Thomas Brues, William Morton Wheeler, and Sievert
Allen Rohwer.

23. Central Connecticut in the Geologic Past: by Joseph
Barrell.

24. Triassic Life of the Connecticut Valley: by Richard
Swann Lull.

25. Sixth Biennial Report of the Commissioners of the State
Geological and Natural History Survey, 1913-1914.

Bulletins i, 9, 12, 17, 21, and 25 are merely administrative
reports containing no scientific matter. The other bulletins may
be classified as follows :

Geology: Bulletins 4, 6, 7, 8, 13, 18, 23, 24.
Botany: Bulletins 3, 5, 10, 11, 14, 15.
Zoology : Bulletins 2, 16, 19, 20, 22.

These bulletins are sold and otherwise distributed by the
State Librarian. Postage, when bulletins are sent by mail, is as
follows: No. I, $0.01 ; No. 3, .08; No. 4, .06; No. 5, .03; No. 6,
.12; No. 7, .06; No. 8, .05; No. 9, .02; No. 10, .08; No. 11, .07;

No. 12, .02; No. 13, .08; No. 14, .16; No. 15, .06; No. 16, .07;
No. 17, .02 ; No. 18, .07 ; No. 19, .08 ; No. 20, .14 ; No. 21, ,02 ; No.
22. .08; No. 23, .03; No. 24, .10; No. 25, ,02. The prices when
the bulletins are sold are as follows (including postage) : No. i,
$0.05; No. 3, .40; No. 4, .30; No. 5, .15; No. 6, .50; No. 7, .60;

No. 8, .20; No. 9, .05; No. 10, .35; No. 11, .30; No. 12, .05; No.
13, .40; No. 14, .75; No. 15, .35; No. 16, .35; No. 17, .05; No. 18,
.25 ; No. .19, .45 ; No. 20, .50; No. 21, .05 ; No. 22, $2.00; No. 23,
.15; No. 24, .65; No. 25, .05.

Bulletins 1-5 are bound as Volume I. The price of this
Volume is $1.50. Bulletins 6-12 are bound as Volume II. The
price is $2.45. Bulletins 13-15 are bound as Volume III. The
price is $2.50. Bulletins 16-21 are bound as Volume IV. The
price is $2.15. Bulletin 22 is bound as Volume V. The price is
$2.25.

It is intended to follow a liberal policy in gratuitously dis-
tributing these publications to public libraries, colleges, and
scientific institutions, and to scientific men, teachers, and others
who require particular bulletins for their work, especially to those
who are citizens of Connecticut.

Applications or inquiries should be addressed to

George S. Godard,

State Librarian,
Hartford, Conn.

In addition to the bulletins above named, published by the
State survey, attention is called to three publications of the
United States Geological Survey prepared in co-operation with
the Geological and Natural Survey of Connecticut. These are
the following:

Bulletin 484. The Granites of Connecticut: by T. Nelson

Dale and Herbert E. Gregory.
Water-Supply Paper 374. Ground Water in the Hartford,
Stamford, Salisbury, Willimantic and Saybrook Areas,
Connecticut: by Herbert E. Gregory and Arthur J.
Ellis.
Water-Supply Paper 397. Ground Water in the Waterbury
Area, Connecticut : by Arthur J. Ellis, under the direc-
tion of Herbert E. Gregory.
These papers may be obtained from the Director of the United
States Geological Survey at Washington.

CATALOGUE SLIPS.

Connecticut. State geological and jiatural history survey.

Bulletin no. 22. Guide to the insects of Connecticut.
Prepared under the direction of AV. E. Britton. Part III.
The hymenoptera, or wasp-like insects, of Connecticut.
By H. L. Viereck, with the collaboration of A. D.
MacGillivray, C. T. Brues, W. M. Wheeler, and S. A.
Rohwer.

824 pp., 10 pis., 15 figs., 23=". •

Britton^ Wilton Everett.

Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Prepared under
the direction of Wilton Everett Britton. Part III. The
hymenoptera, or wasp-like insects, of Connecticut. By
Henry Lorenz Viereck, with the collaboration of Alex-
ander Dyer MacGillivray, Charles Thomas Brues, William
Morton Wheeler, and Sievert Allen Ilohwer.

824 pp. , 10 pis. , 15 figs. , 23=='.

(Bulletin no. 22, Connecticut geological and natural history survey. )

'"'//

■'^'■^^..^'

''/

CATALOGUE SUPS.

Viereck^ Henry Lorenz..

Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Prepared
under the direction of Wilton Everett Britton. Part III.
The hymenoptera, or wasp-like insects, of Connecticut.
By Henry Lorenz Viereck, with the collaboration of
Alexander Dyer MacGrilli^ray, Charles Thomas Brues,
William Morton Wheeler, and Sievert Allen Rohwer.

824 pp., 10 pis., 15 figs., 23'="'.

(Bulletin no. 22, Connecticut geological and natural history survey. )

MacGillivray, Alexander Dyer.

Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Prepared
under the direction of Wilton Everett Britton. Part III.
The hymenoptera, or wasp-like insects, of Connecticut.
By Henry Lorenz Viereck, with the collaboration of
Alexander Dyer MacGillivray, Charles Thomas Brues,
WiUiam Morton Wheeler, and Sievert Allen Bohwer.

824 pp., 10 pis., 15 figs., 23«°'.

(Bulletin no. 22, Connecticut geological and natural history survey. )

CATALOGUE SLIPS.

Brues^ Charles Thomas.

Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Prepared
under the direction of Wilton Everett Britton. Part III.
The hymenoptera, or wasp-like insects, of Connecticut.
By Henry Lorenz Viereck, with the collaboration of
Alexander Dyer MacGillivray, Charles Thomas Brues,
William Morton Wheeler, and Sievert Allen Rohwer.

824 pp., 10 pis., 15 figs., 23<=°».

(Bulletin no. 22, Connecticut geological and natural history survey.)

Wheeler, William Morton.

Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Prepared
under the direction of Wilton Everett Britton. Part IIL
The hymenoptera, or wasp-like insects, of Connecticut.
By Henry Lorenz Viereck, with the collaboration of
Alexander Dyer MacGillivray, Charles Thomas Brues,
William Morton Wheeler, and Sievert Allen Rohwer.

824 pp., 10 pis., 15 figs., 23«'°.

(Bulletin no. 22, Connecticut geological and natural history survey.)

CATALOQUEJSLIPS.

Rohwer^ Sievert Allen.

Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Prepared
under the direction of Wilton Everett Britton. Part III.
The hymenoptera, or wasp-like insects, of Connecticut.
By Henry Lorenz Viereck, with the collaboration of
Alexander Dyer MacGillivray, Charles Thomas Brues,
William Morton Wheeler, aud Sievert Allen Rohwer.

;r;^'" 824 pp., 10 pis., 15 figs., 23-'".

(Bulletin no. 22, Connecticut geological and natural history survey.)

Zoology.

Britton, W. E., Viereck, H. L., MacGillivrav, A. D.,
Brues, C. T., Wheeler, W. M., and Rohwer, S. A. Guide
to the insects of Connecticut. Prepared under the direc-
tion of W. E. Britton. Part III. The hymenoptera, or
wasp-like insects, of Connecticut. By H. L. 'Viereck,
with the collaboration of A. D. MacGillivray, C. T. Brues,
W. M. Wheeler, and S. A. Rohwer.

824 pp., 10 pis., 15 figs., 23='^.

(Bulletin no. 22, Connecticut geological and natural history survey. )

/

^^€t^Q of (StoTTtieciicui

PUBLIC DOCUMENT No. 47

State Geological and Natural
History Survey

COMMISSIONERS

Marcus Hensey Holcomb, Governor of Connecticut (Chairman)
Arthur Twining Hadley, President of Yale University
William Arnold Shanklin, President of Wesleyan Universitr
Flavel Sweeten Luther, President of Trinity College (Secretary)
Charles Lewis Beach. President of Connecticut Agricultural College
Frederick Henry Sykes. President of Connecticut College far Women

SUPERINTENDENT '

William North Rick

Bulletin No. 22

HARTFORD
Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey

1916

Publication
Approved by
The Boaed of Conteol

TNI CASE. LOCKWOOO A BRAINARD CO
HARTFORD, coil N.

^^^' GUIDE

TO THE

Insects of Connecticut

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

WILTON EVERETT BRITTON, Ph. D.,
State Entomologigt. and Entomologist of the Connecticut Agrricultural Experiment Station

PART III

The Hymenoptera, or Wasp-like Insects,

of Connecticut

By

HENRY LORENZ VIERECK,

Assisiant Biologist, U. S. Biological Survey

WITH THE COLLABORATION OF

Alexander Dyer MacGillivray, Ph. D.,

Associate Professor of Systematic Entomology, University of Illinois

Charles Thomas Brues, M. S.,

Instructor in Economic Entomology, Bussey Institution, Harvard University

William Morton Wheeler, Ph. D.,
Professor of Economic Entomology, Bussey Institution, Harvard University

Sievert Allen Rohwer,
Specialist in Forest Hymenoptera, U. S. Bureau of Entomology

HARTFORD
Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey

1916

CONTENTS

>

Page

Introduction

9

Superfamily Tenthredinoidea

25

" ICHNEUMONOIDEA

176

" Cynipoidea

. 361

" Chalcidoidea

• 443

" Serphoidea

i

• 529

" Formicoidea .

•

577

" Chrysidoidea

602

" Vespoidea

. 606

" Sphecoidea

. 645

" Apoidea .

. 698

Appendix .

761

Index to Plant Hosts .

. 779

Index to Insect Hosts .

. 783

Index to Hymcnoptera

a

. 790

ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATES

Plate I. Hymenopterous Larvae.

1. Crcesus latitarsus Nort., on birch.

2. Giant Sawfly, Cimhex americana Leach.

3. A Sawfly larva, possibly (Pteronus) Pteronidea ventralis

Say, feeding on willow.

4. Tomostethus (Monophadnus) bardus Say, on ash.

5. Peach Sawfly, Pamphilius persicus MacG.

Plate IL

1. Nest of White-faced Hornet {Vespa) Vespula maculata

Linn.

2. Nest of Common Wasp, Polistes pallipes LePel.
Plate IIL Nest of Common Yellow-jacket {Vespa) Vespula

diabolica Sauss.

Plate IV.

1. Nest of Odynerus birenimaculatus Sauss.

2. Nest of Potter Wasp, Eumenes fraterna Say.

3. Nest of Mud-dauber, Sceliphron cementarius Drury.
Plate V. Nest of Formica exsectoides Forel, a common Ant.
Plate VL Galls formed by Hymenopterous Insects.

1. Blackberry Seed Gall, Diastrophus cuscutceformis O. S.

2. Knot Gall, Diastrophus nebulosus O. S.

3. Mealy Rose Gall, Rhodites ignotus O. S.

4. Oak Bullet Gall, Holcaspis globulus Fitch.

5. Mossy Rose Gall, Rhodites roscB Linn,

Plate VH.

1. Cocoons of Apanteles (Protapanteles) congregates Say,

on young Tobacco Worm.

2. Cocoons of a Microgasterine, the host of Pezomachus

minimus Walsh, on apple twig.

3. Cocoons of a Microgasterine, Apanteles {Protapanteles)

glomeratus (Linn.), a parasite of the Cabbage Worm.

Plate VHL

1. Peach Sawfly, Pamphilius persicus MacG.

2. Pigeon Homtail, Tremex columba Linn, (female).

3. Pigeon Homtail, Tremex columba Linn. (male).

4. Elis quinquecincta Fabr.

5. Potter Wasp, Eumenes fraterna Say.

6. Giant Sawfly, Cimbex americana Leach.

6

Hymenoptera of Connecticut 7

7. C Morion {Ammobia) ichneumoneum Linn.

8. Common Wasp, Polistes pallipes LePel.

9. Chlorion {Ammobia) pennsylvanicum Linn.

10. European Giant Hornet, Vespa crabro Linn.

11. Mutilla ferrugata Fabr.

12. Large Velvet Ant, Mutilla occidentalis Linn.

13. Common Yellow-jacket {Vespa) Vespula diabolica Sauss.

14. Mud Wasp, Chalybion cceruleum (Linn,).

15. Giant Digger Wasp, Sphecius speciosus Drury.

16. White- faced Hornet {Vespa) Vespula maculata Linn.
Plate IX.

1. Pelecinus polyturator Drury (female).

2. {Ichneumon) Amblyteles comes Cresson.

3. Meniscus superbus Prov.

4. Lunate Long-sting {Thalessa) Megarhyssa lunator

(Fabr.) (male).

5. Black Long-sting {Thalessa) Megarhyssa atrata (Fabr.)

(female).

6. Black Long-sting {Thalessa) Megarhyssa atrata (Fabr.)

(male).

7. Ophion {Allocamptus) macrurus Linn.

8. Trogus vulpinus Gravenhorst.

9. Paniscus geminatus Say.

10. {Pimpla) Itoplectis marginata (Prov.).

11. Heteropelma Havicorne Brulle.

Plate X. )

1. Megachile {Xanthosarus) latimana Say.

2. Carpenter Bee, Xylocopa virginica Drury.

3. Honey Bee, Apis mellifera Linn.

4. Bembex spinolce LePel.

5. Bumblebee, {Bonibus) Bremus pennsylvanicus Degeer

(female).

6. Xenoglossa {Peponapis) pruinosa Say.

7. Halictus lerouxi LePel.

8. Bumblebee, {Bonibus) Bremus terricola Kirby (female).

9. Halictus {Agapostemon) virescens Fabr.

10. Andrena solidaginis Robt.

11. Bumblebee, {Bombus) Bremus impatiens Ha-rr. (female).

12. Andrena vicina Sm.

13. Carpenter Ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus Degeer

(winged form).

14. Carpenter Ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus Degeer

(wingless form).

15. Chrysis {Tetrachrysis) ccerulans Fabr.

TEXT FIGURES

Page

1. Pteronidea ribesi — diagram of external anatomy 20

2. Therion morio — diagrams of head and thorax ;

Ichneumonoidea — diagram of thocax ... 24

3. Pteronidea ribesi — eggs . . . . • I35

4. Pteronidea ribesi — partially grown larvae . . I3j5

5. Pteronidea ribesi — fully grown larva . . . 135

6. Pteronidea ribesi — cocoons ..... 135

7. Pteronidea ribesi — adult female . . . • I35

8. Amblyteles centrator — diagram of external anatomy 177

9. Exochus propinquus ...... 307

10. Diastrophus nebulosus — diagram of external

anatomy ....... 362

11. Phasgonophora sulcata — diagram of external

anatomy ........ 443

12. Syntomaspis — diagram of thorax .... 444

13. Serphus caudatus — diagram of external anatomy 529

14. Chlorion (Ammobia) ichneumoneum — diagram of

external anatomy ...... 646

15. Chlorion {Ammobia) ichneumoneum — diagram of

thorax , , . 649

The Hymenoptera, or Wasp-like Insects

of Connecticut.

INTRODUCTION.

To ask or search I blame thee not; for Nature

Is as the book of God before thee set,

Wherein to read his wondrous works:

But what created mind can comprehend

Their number, or the wisdom infinite

That brought them forth, but hid their causes deep?

Milton,

The order Hymenoptera includes all of those insects which,
with few exceptions, have four membranous wings that are few-
celled, without scales, and usually transparent or translucent.

The name of this order comes from the Greek hymen, a mem-
brane, and pteron, a wing.

As is well known, insects outnumber all other creatures, and
most authorities on this subject claim that the Hymenoptera
form the largest and most specialized order. One need only
call to mind the complex habits of the ants, wasps, and bees to
realize that the psychological development is of a kigher order
in these insects than in any others.

The greatest diversity in form and habit exists, so that no one
species is sufficient to illustrate the entire 9rder, which is best
illustrated by the use of types of the different major subdivisions,
such as sawflies, horntails, four-winged parasitic or Ichneumon
flies, four-winged gall-flies, Chalcis flies, Serphus or Proc-
totrypoid flies, ants, wasps, and bees.

The life cycle consists of egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The
eggs are easily recognized as such ; the larva is usually maggot-
like, without legs, and is dependent upon the parent for food.
In the more primitive Hymenoptera, the sawflies and horntails,

9

lO CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

the larva has legs, and resembles a caterpillar even to the habit
of providing food for itself. The pupa is comparable with the
chrysalis stage in butterflies. The stages in the life of the im-
ported Currant Worm (Pteronidea ribesi) are shown in Figs. 3-7.
Two of the most striking peculiarities of the Hymenoptera
are that the front wings are held to the hind wings by a series
of hooks on the front edge of the hind wings that fit into a fold
on the hind margin of the front wings; and that as a rule the
seeming hind segment of the thorax, erroneously called the meta-
thorax, is in reality the first segment of the abdomen transferred
to and fused with the real hind segment of the thorax so as to
appear as part of the thorax.

Other peculiarities are the inconstant number of joints in the
feelers or antennae in the sawflies, horntails, Ichneumon flies,
four-winged gall-flies, Chalcis flies, Serphus flies, and ants, as
compared with the wasps and bees, in which the male and female,
almost without exception, have thirteen and twelve joints re-
spectively. Moreover, in the wasps and bees there are usually
six abdominal segments in the female and seven in the male,
which is not the rule in all the other groups. In the sawflies
the female is provided with two saw-like appendages at the tip
of the abdomen. These are used in making slits into the plant
preparatory to laying eggs. The female horntail has the tip
of the abdomen developed into a boring apparatus used in laying
its eggs. The female of the Ichneumon flies has an egg-laying
tube supported on each side by an appendage, usually of the
same length as the tube. This arrangement enables the insect
to pierce substances and deposit its eggs to a depth that is in
some species greater than the length of the abdomen. The female
of the four-winged gall-fly, Chalcis fly, and Serphus fly, is equip-
ped in much the same way as the preceding except that the ovi-
positor is more commonly shorter or entirely hidden. In the ants
a sting begins to show in the females and workers, while in the
wasps and bees both female and worker are supplied with a sting
at the tip of the abdomen. This sting is connected with a poison
gland, and, when exercised by a species 10 mm. or more in length,
is capable of inflicting a painful and sometimes severe wound.
The poison, however, can be counteracted by the prompt adminis-
tration of the chemical antidote, ammonia water.

No. 22.^1 HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. II

Still Other peculiarities will be noteii under the different head-
ings to follow.

The purpose of this treatise is primarily to present a ready
means for determining insects belonging to the Hymenoptera,
along with such cardinal facts as will leave no doubt as to the
desirability of becoming familiar with the order as a whole, and
more especially with those forms that are beneficial to us and the
few kinds that we call injurious.

From the earliest times bees and wasps have aroused the
curiosity and interest of their observers, and even Virgil showed
in verse what he thought were the steps of development from
putrid bullocks to bees. Since those times increasing attention
has been given to these marvels of nature ; and, though they are
not yet receiving the investigation due them on account of their
relation to our welfare, and vast stores of economic knowledge
remain to be gathered by the scientist, enough has been learned
to convince any one of the utility of advancing our knowledge in
these paths of research.

Ichneumon flies, Chalcis flies, and Serphus flies are of great
importance, because they are parasitic upon other insects, few
species being known to be exempt from their attack. Eggs of
dragon-flies, mantids, and many other insects are attacked, and
caterpillars, from the smallest to the largest and most formidable-
looking, as well as pupae. The tussock moth that devastates our
shade trees has at least seventeen kinds of these parasitic four-
winged flies attacking it and checking its ravages. Some idea of
the immense value of these natural checks can be gleaned from
contemplating the mathematically precise calculation made by
Professor Huxley on the prolific aphids or plant-lice which,
if it were not for the hymenopterous parasites and other agencies,
might destroy every green thing that grows. Professor Huxley
has shown that the tenth generation of the progeny of a single
aphis alone, exclusive of the preceding generations, would make
more substance than is contained in 500,000,000 stout men, each
man weighing about 280 pounds or 130 kilograms, or perhaps
more than is contained in the total population of China.

The percentage of the individuals of the host affected by a
given parasite varies considerably, ranging from only a few per
cent, to as high as 97I/2 P^r cent., as shown by United States

12 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Entomologist Dr. L. O. Howard in a paper on " A Case of Ex-
cessive Parasitism." The parasite in this case attacked an in-
jurious scale insect (Lecanium Hetcheri), and in practically one
week this large percentage of offspring issued, probably from a
single mother. From this brief survey of the interesting phases
of insect parasites, the possibilities of breeding them on a large
scale and liberating them to attack our insect foes must be ap-
parent. It is highly probable that man can successfully employ
these minute friends, whose whole ambition in life is to para-
sitize and thus destroy their hosts. Let us hope that the day is
not far distant when the insectaries for the breeding of our in-
sect friends will vie with the sericulture and apiculture insectaries,
and be entitled to the respect now enjoyed by the vaccine, anti-
toxin, and other serum laboratories throughout our country.

The work of many bees is also of immense economic im-
portance, in that they pollinate flowers, and thus cause the set-
ting of fruit which could in no other way be effected, for cer-
tain plants are entirely dependent for fertilization upon certain
bee visitors, which alone carry the pollen or fertilizing agent
from the male to the female portion of the plant as they go from
flower to flower in search of nectar and pollen for their own ends.

Then, too, there is the profitable industry of apiculture built
upon the fact that the honey-bee {Apis mellifera), introduced
from Europe, stores up a much greater quantity of honey than is
used by the colony in the hive. Through the successful manipu-
lation of these honey-bees alone, substances of economic im-
portance are being put on the market. Information about the
honey-bees can be found in every library, and interesting books
on this species alone can be had almost anywhere.

Aside from the field of economic science that these insects
offer, there is another broad field of observation that has proven
of interest to people in all walks of life. This is the study of the
habits of ants, wasps, and bees, both as to the homes they make
and as to their relations to plants.

Temperature, moisture, and soil are the more important fac-
tors that govern the distribution of plants ; hence the same phe-
nomena directly and indirectly influence the distribution of in-
sects, and furaish a basis for the study of the geographical dis-
tribution of animal life. According to C. Hart Merriam's map,

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 1 3

reproduced in Part I of this work,* the state of Connecticut is
chiefly in the areas designated respectively as AUeghanian, or Hu-
mid Transition, possessed of vegetation and animals such as pre-
vail in New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and similar reg-
ions ; and Carolinian, or Humid Upper Austral, possessed of veg-
etation and animals such as prevail in southern New Jersey. The
latter area includes only the coastal margin of the state and the
region extending for some distance up the valleys of the rivers.
Besides these, there is in the more elevated northern sections of
the state a touch of Canadian life, which is to be found at its
best where the spruce tree flourishes. The distribution of the
different species in the following pages is in some cases given
in the above terms for the sake of brevity.

Finally, the succeeding pages are an endeavor to present to
the people of Connecticut the ants, wasps, bees, etc., or Hymen-
optera of their state, in such a way that those who so desire may
find out the name of any species so far known to occur in the
state and such facts about the same as are of general interest.

It must be remembered that this is the first attempt along these
lines ; and, considering that every day's systematic collecting in the
state is almost sure to reveal a species new to the state, and quite
likely to furnish a species entirely new to science, the short-
comings of this treatise are certainly inevitable. It is to be
hoped that this treatise will stimulate an interest in these insects
that will accomplish what is still to be done.

Most of the species considered were first placed on record for
Connecticut by Norton, de Saussure, Bassett, Cresson, and Pat-
ton, all pioneers of entomology in America. Since these men
gave their attention to Connecticut Hymenoptera, Wheeler, Ash-
mead, Brues, and others have added to our knowledge.

This introduction would be incomplete if no reference were
made to certain of these investigators who have made Connecti-
cut famous in the annals of their respective departments. Mr. H.
F. Bassett specialized on the four-winged gall-flies as a recreation
after his work as librarian in Waterbury, and made his town, as
well as other localities in the state, the type localities of numerous
species. Mr. Edward Norton, a dairyman and cattle-raiser of

•Bull. No. 16. p. 21.

14 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Farmington, very modestly made the study of the sawflies, four-
winged parasitic flies, and cuckoo or gold wasps his recreation,
and found many new species in the state. He furnished ma-
terial to Mr. E. T. Cresson, the Philadelphia insurance expert
and hymenopterist, and to Henri de Saussure, the great Swiss
naturalist. The contributions made to the knowledge of Con-
necticut insects by these men were important, and were based
chiefly upon material collected by Mr. Norton, who also trans-
lated and edited de Saussure's " Synopsis of American Wasps."
Professor W. M. Wheeler, Professor of Economic Entomology,
Harvard University, a prominent zoologist and an eminent
student of ants, has made some of his remarkable investigations
on the habits of ants at his summer home in Colebrook. Several
type localities in the state have resulted from his studies.

The best collections of Connecticut Hymenoptera now in ex-
istence ar€ that of the American Entomological Society at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, which contains types
and paratypes of the species described from Connecticut by
Norton, Cresson, and Bassett; and that of the Connecticut Agri-
cultural Experiment Station, New Haven, where types of sev-
eral of the recently described species may be found. Other
material containing some types may be found at the United
States National Museum, Washington, D. C. ; the American Mu-
seum of Natural History, New York City ; the Peabody Museum
of Yale University, New Haven ; the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. ; and the Museum of the Boston So-
ciety of Natural History.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

Thanks should here be expressed to Doctors L. O. Howard
and W. H. Ashmead, Mr. J. C. Crawford, and Mr. S. A. Rohwer
of the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C. ; Mr. J. H. Lovell, Waldoboro, Me. ; Professor
William Morton Wheeler, and Mr. C. T. Brues, Bussey Institu-
tion, Harvard University, Boston, Mass. ; Professor H. T. Fer-
nald and Mr. H. J. Franklin, Massachusetts Agricultural Col-
lege, Amherst, Mass. ; and Professor Alexander D. MacGillivray,
University of Illinois, Urbana, 111., all of whom have aided by

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I5

determining material. Some of these specialists have prepared

portions of this paper, and are given credit in connection with

their work, as follows :

Professor A. D. MacGillivray, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea ;

Professor W. M. Wheeler, Superfamily Formicoidea.

Mr. C. T. Brues, Superfamily Serphoidea or Proctotrypoidea,

and Families Cosilidae and Bethylidse of the Superfamily

Vespoidea ;
Mr. S. A. Rohwer, Superfamilies Sphecoidea and Vespoidea
(excepting groups in these superfamilies otherwise credited).

In the succeeding pages, wherever a species is known to have
been originally described from Connecticut it is preceded by- a *.
The species preceded by a ° are those whose known distribution
and habits indicate their probable presence in the state, though
not yet collected.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

For a more detailed account of the Hymenoptera than can be
given here the reader is referred to the following publications,
which can be found at most book stores or in public libraries :

Entomology with special reference to its Biological and Economic As-
pects. J. W. Folsom. vii + 485 pages, 5 plates, 300 figures. P.
Blakiston's Sons & Co., Philadelphia, 1906. Second edition, 1913.

A Manual for the Study of Insects. J. H. and A. B. Comstock, vii + 701
pages, 6 plates, 797 figures. Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca,
N. Y., 1905.

The Insect Book. L. O. Howard, xxvii + 429 pages, 48 plates, 264
figures. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York. 1901.

American Insects. V. L. Kellogg, vii + 764 pages, 13 plates, 812
figures. Henry Holt & Co., New York, 1905.

The Elements of Insect Anatomy. J. H. Comstock and V. L. Kel-
logg. Revised edition. 134 pages, 11 figures. Comstock Publishing
Co., Ithaca, N. Y., 1899.

Bees and Bee-Keeping. F. R. Cheshire. 2 volumes. Volume I, vii +
336 pages, 8 plates, 71 figures; volume II, 652 pages, 127 figures, I
plate. L. Upcott Gill, London, 1886.

Wasps, Social and Solitary. G. W. and E. G. Peckham. xiv + 311
pages, illustrated. Houghton, Mififlin & Co., Boston and New
York, 1905.

Pinacographia. S. C. Snellen van Vollenhoven. Martinus Nijhoff, The
Hague, Holland, 1880.

Schetsen. S. C. Snellen van Vollenhoven. Martinus Nijhoff, The
Hague, Holland, 1868.

l6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bllll.

In addition to the works mentioned above, the reader is
referred to the following publications issued by institutions and
societies. These are not usually available at book stores, but can
sometimes be procured from second-hand dealers, and may be
found in the larger libraries. The first two are bibliographies,
and contain a great many references to important papers on the
Hymenoptera.

A list of Works on North American Entomology. N. Banks. U. S.
Department Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Bull. No. 8i. 129
pages. Washington, 1910.

Bibliography of the More Important Contributions to American Eco-
nomic Entomology. S. Henshaw and N. Banks. 8 Parts. 1318
pages. Washington, 1889-1905.

A Study of Insect Parasitism. L. O. Howard. U. S. Department
Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Technical Series, Bull. No. 15.
57 pages, 24 figures. Washington.

The Economic Status of Insects as a Class. L. O. Howard. Science,
Vol. 9 (N. S.), pages 233-247, 1899.

Life Zones and Crop Zones of the United States. C. H. Merriam.
U. S. Department Agriculture, Biological Survey, Bull. No. 10. 559
pages, map. Washington, 1898.

Index to the Known Fossil Insects of the World, including Myriapods
and Arachnids. S. H. Scudder. U. S. Geological Survey, Bull.
No. 71. 744 pages. Washington, 1891.

Synopsis of the Families and Genera of the Hymenoptera of America,
North of Mexico. E. T. Cresson. vi -f- 350 pages. American
Entomological Society, Philadelphia, 1887.

Synopsis of American Wasps. Henri de Saussure. xxxv + 385 pages,
4 plates. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1875.

A Monograph of the North American ProctotrypiSae. W. H. Ash-
mead. U. S. National Museum, Bull. No. 45. 472 pages, 18
plates. Washington, 1893.

Oassification of the Ichneumon Flies or the Superfamily Ichneumo-
noidea. W. H. Ashmead, Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. 23.
viii + 220 pages. Washington, 1900.

Insects Collected from the Flowers of Fruit Trees and Plants. W. E.
Britton and Henry L. Viereck. Report of Connecticut Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, pages 207-224. New Haven, Conn., 1905.

Directions for Collecting and Preserving Insects. U. S. National
Museum, Bull. No. 67. xiii + 135 pages. Washington, 1909.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I7

EXPLANATION OF COLLECTORS' INITIALS.

H. F. B. — H. F, Bassett, Waterbury. A librarian who was
also a specialist on the four-winged gall-flies. He described
many new species, and was the author of many published
papers. Died June 28, 1902.

W. E. B. — W. E. Britton, New He^en. State Entomologist,
and Entomologist of the Agricultural Experiment Station.
The author of a number of papers on Connecticut insects.
Has collected in nearly all parts of the state.

P. L. B. — P. L. Buttrick, New Haven. Employed temporarily
to collect and mount insects at the Agricultural Experiment
Station. Collected around New Haven.

A. B. C. — Alfred B. Champlain. For a year and a half Assist-
ant in Entomology, Agricultural Experiment Station, New
Haven. Is a specialist on Coleoptera, family Carabidas,
but has collected in other orders, in various sections of the
state, particularly around New Haven and at Lyme.

S. N. D. — S. N. Dunning, Hartford. A lawyer who has also
been a student of the bees and wasps. Most of his collect-
ing was done near Hartford.

E. J. S. M. — E. J. S. Moore, New Haven. A student em-
ployed temporarily as assistant in the entomological depart-
ment of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Collected
chiefly around New Haven.

E. N. — Edward Norton, Farmington. A student of the saw-
flies, describing many new species and publishing a large
number of papers. Died April 8, 1894.

W. H. P.— William H. Patton, Hartford and Waterbury.
Formerly gave much attention to the Hymenoptera, and is
the author of many papers. Has collected in different parts
of the state.

A. E. V. — Addison E. Verrill, New Haven. Professor of Zo-
ology in Yale University. Has collected insects in various
portions of the state, but chiefly around New Haven and at
the Thimble Islands.

H. L. V. — Henry L. Viereck, Philadelphia. For more than a
year Assistant in Entomology at the Agricultural Experi-
ment Station at New Haven. Is the author of this and many
2

iS

CONNKCTICUT C.KOI.. AND NAP. IIIST. SURVEY.

[ Bull.

Other papers on the llvinciiopiora. lias collected in nearly
all sections of the state, hut more especially around New
Ihncn and aloitij- the shiM-e.
r%. 11. \V. r>. 11. WaUlon. New Haven. Assistant in Eiito-
niolojjy at the .\t;ricultin'al I'^.xperinient Station. Author of
"The (.'•rthoptera of Connecticut." Has collected in nearly
all parts of the stale.
W. M. W. — William Morton Wheeler. Boston. Professor of
Economic F.ntoniology, Harvard l^niversity. A specialist on
the ants. Has a .summer home at Colehrook, Conn., and has
made collections iti the northern part of the state. Prof.
Wheeler is the author of the Formicida^ in this bulletin.
H. W. W.— Henry W. Winkley, Branford. Rector of the Epis-
copal Church in Branford for several years. Collecting was
done mostlv around Branford.

STATISTICS.
Statistics of the Comuvticut Hymenoptera as given in this
paper, including the appendix, are as follows :

TcnthrcdJnoidca

Ichncnnuinoido.n

Cynipoidca

Chalcidoidea

Serphoide.i

Fonuicoidea

Chry.^iiloidoa

Vespoidoa

Sphecoidea

Apoidca

Number
pHiHtlies.
7

.■>

S
I
I

4
10

v%

NumbiT
of

170

0
35

NvuHboi of spivios nn«.1 variotios

6m

149

aaS

i8i

o6

20

13a
231

Kooordod

fn->m

Conn.

ig6
3/4

S5

26

23

62
8

9^
Si

155

Ori«inailT

doscribed

from Conn.

60

ao5

S6

6

4
o
I

II

2

2T

2411

IIO.J

366

Six now subgenera and one-lnnidred and twenty-six new species
and \-arieties. mostly in the superfaniily Ichnemnonoidea. are de-
scribed in this paper.

No. 22.] HYMENOI'TEKA OF CONNECTICUT, l^j

PARTS OF TilE liYMENOPTEKA EMPLOYED L\ THE
DESCRIPTION OF THE MEMBERS OF THIS

ORDER.

' Original diagrammatic drawings of reprcr-vcntative species of
the Hymcnoptera, witii the more important parts used in the
classification of this order named thereon, are made use of in
this work for the purpose of graphically presenting to the reader
what it is believed could be but insufficiently expressed in the best
word pictures of the same.

Of these drawings it needs to be said that the one of Ptero-
nidea ribesi fFig. ij, as well as those of the head and abdominal
sockets of Exochilum morio (Fig. 2), will be of use in the work-
ing out of the meaning of the descriptions of any of the Hymenop-
tera, but especially with reference to the Tenthredinoidea ; and
that the drawing of Chlorion (Ammohia) ichneumoneum (¥\g.
14) also serves a double purpose in that it graphically shows what
parts are meant by many of the terms used in the elucidation of
the differences between species, etc., in the Ilymenoptera, but
especially with reference to the Formicidse or Formicoidea,
Vespoidea, Sphecoidea, and Apoidea.

Parts peculiar to the other superfamilies, namely, the Ichneu-
monoidea, Chalcidoidea, and Serphoidea or Proctotrypoidea,
are illustrated respectively by the drawings of the following:
Ichneumon centrator, Diastrophus nebulosus, Phasgonoplvora
sulcata, and (Proctotrypes) Serphus caudatiis.

The names of the parts in the different drawings have been
arranged so that the parts themselves might not be obscured by
the appellations ; thus, the names of the veins are given in con-
nection with the wings of the right side of the body, and the
names of the cells with the wings of the left side of the body, etc.

According to the latest nomenclature, the veins and cells of the
wings have names different from those formerly used ; hence
the names of the old system, which are printed in the dia-
grams, together with their equivalents in the new or Comstock-
Needham system, are given for comparison in parallel columns.*

*For the statement of the Comstock-Needham nomr-nclature. in the T'.nthredinoid'ra,
the writer is indebt'd to Professor A. D. MacGiUivray; in the other luperfamiliesi. to Dr. J.
Chester Bradley,

20

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

"^^

-^^

^

4\ I

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

21

NOMENCLATURE OF WING PARTS IN THE DRAWING 'OF

PTERONIDEA RIBESI.

OLD SYSTEM

COMSTOCK-NEEDHAM SYSTEM

Front Wings

Veins Veins

Costal ...... Costa

Subcostal .

. Sc + R + M

Median

Cubitus

Anal

1st A + 2d A

Accessory

3d A and 2d A

Inferior

Hind margin (not a vein)

Radial

, Rs — R3

Cubital

, M — R4., + M,

Subdiscal .

m and Ma

Transverse costal

Sci

radial

Radial cross-vein (r)

First transverse cubital

Radio-medial cross-vein {r-m)

Second "

Free part of Rs

Third

It « (1 TD

Basal ....

Medio-cubital cross-vein {m-cu)

First recurrent

M,^

Second "

Transverse part of Ma

First transverse median

M4 + CUx

Second "

M3

Transverse lanceolate

Free part of 2d A

Cells Cells

Costal C and Sci

Subcostal ...... M

Median Cu + Cui

Lanceolate • ist A + 2d 2d A and ist 2d A

Usually the wing area covered

by ist A, 2d A, and 3d A

Anal 3d A, or ist 2d A + 3d A

Radial

Rl+2

Appendiculate

Appendiculate

First cubital

R

Second "

R5

Third "

R*

Fourth "

Rs

First discal

M4

Second "

ist Ma

Third "

M,

First posterior

M,

Second "

2d M.

22

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

Hind Wings

Veins Veins

Costal Costa

Subcostal .

. R + M

Median

Cubitus

Anal

Free part of ist A

Accessory

Free part of 2d A

Radial

R5 — Rs

Axillary

. 3d A

Cubital

M — R,.. + M,

Subdiscal .

m and M-

First transverse cubital

M

Second "

R4

First recurrent

Medio-cubital cross-vein

(m-cu)

Second "

Transverse part of M2

CcWs Cells

Costal C + Sc,

Subcostal .

M

Median

Ms + Cu + Cui

Lanceolate

ist A

Anal

2d A + 3d A

Radial

Rl+2 i

First cubital

R + R4.5

Second "

Rs

Lower discal

M4 + ist Ms

First posterior

Ml

Second "

2d M2

HYMENOPTERA.

Key to Sup erf amities.

A deep constriction at the base of the first abdominal seg-
ment,* conspicuously separating the abdomen from the
thorax

No marked constriction at the base of the abdomen, the
thorax and anterior abdominal segments being approxi-
mately equal in breadth TENTHREDINOIDEA p.

First abdominal segment *(sometimes also the second) form-
ing a lens-shaped scale or knot (petiole), strongly differen-
tiated from the remaining abdominal segments (gaster)

FORMICOIDEA p.

25

577

*In all the Hymenoptera the segment which is morphologically the first abdominal seg-
ment (propodeum) is intimately fused with the thorax, of which it seems to be a part. In
this work the general usage of descriptive writers is followed, and the segment which is
apparently the first abdominal segment, though morphologically the second, is uniformly
called the first abdominal segment.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 23

Abdominal segments not strongly diflfereritiated as petiole
and gaster 3

3. Mesothorax anteriorly without the free prepectus shown in

illustration of Chalcidoidea (Fig. 12) 4

Mesothorax anteriorly with a prepectus as shown in Fig. 12;
usually winged, with venation reduced to a minimum as in
Fig. 11; usually less than 3 mm. in length and metallic ...

CHALCIDOIDEA p. 443

4. Tegulse present, wings usually well developed, sometimes

vestigial or lost 5

Tegulse wanting, wings entirely absent, habitus respectively
as in winged forms 9

5. Pronotum with its hind angles or tubercles tangent to a vertical

line drawn tangent to anterior edge of tegulse, touching or

underlying tegulae 6

Pronotum with its hind angles or tubercles always distinctly

remote from tegulge 12

6. Body not flea-like 7

Body flea-like; trochanters usually composed of a single joint;
wings usually with a characteristic venation as shown in
Fig. 10 CYNIPOIDEA p. 361

7. Wings with at least basal, median and submedian veins present,

usually with venation well developed as shown in Fig. 8. . 8
Wings usually without veins or with only subcosta and part of
radius present, rarely as in Fig. 13 or as in figure of
Pclecinus in Packard's Guide SERPHOIDEA p. 529

8. Trochanters composed of two joints ICHNEUMONOIDEA p. 176
Trochanters composed of one joint 14

9. Body not flea-like, not compressed 10

Body flea-like, compressed as in winged forms CYNIPOIDEA p. 361

10. Body not densely hairy 11

Body densely hairy VESPOIDEA p. 606

n. First abdominal segment elbowed ..ICHNEUMONOIDEA p. 176
First abdominal segment not elbowed . . . SERPHOIDEA p. 529

12. Hairs of dorsulum simple, not branched or plumose 13

Hairs of dorsulum branched or plumose APOIDEA p. 698

13. Abdomen with more than three segments visible, segments be-

yond third not hidden SPHECOIDEA p. 645

Abdomen with three segments visible, segments beyond third
hidden CHRYSIDOIDEA p. 602

14. Cutting edge of mandibles turned inward, their tips meeting

or overlapping when mandibles are flexed toward month

VESPOIDEA p. 606
Cutting edge of mandibles turned outward, their tips usually
neither meeting nor overlapping when mandibles are flexed
toward mouth ICHNEUMONOIDEA p. 176

Wlrja/ //ne.

Coxa/ Ancy
o/^n//K/ coxare

B

/7/7/en/7&/ /hr/'0/r>^

/l?sfoce//^r //he.
I Oce//ocu/&r //y7e

i /

! /'V

-l^/er<^/oce/hr
vry?/^/ //'ne.

///f/e/ff70Ci//^r/'na,
/rr^en^yfenns/iha,

\^/y/xoay^r /rye.

hs — 7r(^/7e/yc/&/ ///le. «.

//j/erociz/^j^ ///7e

c

C/ype^/^irsme/7

Cke/Zoc^/a/- //r?e. 'Pos/oce//^/- //he.

■/.^/erd//oce//6^
//'/7e.

-e//occ/jo//<^////7e.
Occ//?//^/ Ccrr//}&,

-A^e/^/o/l^i/nm

/^/C/7e/77/h''

Fig. 2. A, Side view of head, B, rear view of thorax and propodeum,
C, front and dorsal views of head, Therion morio ; D, side view of
thorax, Ichneumonoidea.

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 2$

TENTHREDINOIDEA*.

By Alexander Dyer MacGiluvray.

This superfamily is differentiated from the other superfam-
ilies of Hymenoptera by having the cephaHc end of the a'bdomen
as broad where it is joined to the thorax as the caudal end of the
thorax, never constricted into a narrow pedicel; by having the
first abdominal segment joined to the abdomen, instead of being
closely anchylosed to the thorax and bearing a pair of spiracles,
and usually with its tergum longitudinally divided at middle ; by .
the retention in practically all the species of the base of the
radial sector; and by the presence in many of the species of
more than one anal cell.

Their larvae either feed externally on the leaves of plants,
within their stems, or within the trunks of trees. They can be
distinguished from the larvae of other Hymenoptera by the pres-
ence of prominent abdominal prolegs, and from the larvae of the
Lepidoptera, with which they are most likely to be confused, by
the presence of only a single ocellus on each side of the head.

The most useful characters for distinguishing the species of
Tenthredinoidea are found on the head capsule and on the ovi-
positor of the female.

The ovipositor of the female consists of two parts, an ex-
ternal flattened plate on each side, and two median flattened,
pointed, yellowish plates located between the external plates.
The external plates are known as the saw-guides. The variation
in the shape of the three exposed margins, upper, lower, and api-
cal, of the saw-guides is usually characteristic for a given species.
The yellowish, chitinized plates located between the saw-guides
are the saws. The distal end and ventral margin of each saw are
usually denticulate. The shape and arrangement of the denti-
cles or teeth are also usually characteristic for a given species
or group of species.

• Contributions from the Entomologrical Laboratories of the University of lilinoit. No. SO.

26 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

The variation in the shape of the head and in its sculpture
is of the greatest importance for differentiating species, because
it is usually characteristic for both sexes. In order to condense
the descriptions and make them more accurate, names have been
applied to the various head regions and their boundaries. They
are as follows :

Tentorial Fovecc. — The tentorial foveae are the pit-like open*
ings situated between the antennal sockets and the dorsal margin
of the clypeus. They mark the points of invagination for the
anterior arms of the tentorium. They vary from mere pits to
flaring, trumpet-shaped holes.

Antennal Furrows. — The antennal furrows, when complete,
extend from the tentorial foveae along the lateral margin of the
antennal sockets, thence across the cephalic aspect of the head
to near the lateral ocelli, thence across the dorsal aspect, and
finally end on the caudal margin just below the ridge separating
the dorsal and caudal margins of the head. While the antennal
furrows are frequently complete, yet certain sections are some-
times obsolete, so that it is desirable to refer to different sections
of the antennal furrows.

Vertical Furrozvs. — The vertical furrows are the portions of
the antennal furrows situated on the dorsal aspect of the head.
They extend from near the lateral ocelli to the caudal aspect
of the head. The vertical furrows are rarely wanting and are
usually more distinctly marked than the other parts of the anten-
nal furrows.

Lateral Fovecc. — The portions of the antennal furrows ex-
tending between the vertical furrows and the antennal sockets
are sometimes completely wanting. The antennal furrows, in
many cases, instead of being entirely obsolete, are represented on
each side of the head by a distinct pit. These pits are known
as the lateral fove^e. They are located near the antennal sockets
and may be connected with them by a short furrow. They vary
considerably in size, shape, and location.

Ocellar Furrozv. — The ocellar furrow is a transverse furrow
extending between the ends of the vertical furrows near the
dorsal margin of the lateral ocelli. It is frequently confluent
with the space around the lateral ocelli.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 2/

Interocellar Furrow. — The interocellar furrow is a short de-
pressed line or space extending from the middle of the ocellar
furrow to the median ocellus. Adjacent to the median ocellus,
this furrow flares out, and is frequently a depressed area sur-
rounding the ocellus.

Postocellar Area. — The postocellar area is the region on the
dorsal aspect of the head bounded by the ocellar furrow, the
vertical furrows, and the caudal margin of the head.

Frontal Crest. — • The frontal crest is an elevation extending
across the head just above the antennal sockets. It separates
the region between the antennae from the region above it. The
frontal crest is usually limited on each side by the antennal fur-
rows, but it may extend across the antennal furrows nearly to
the margin of the compound eyes. It is frequently interrupted at
middle by the median fovea, when it is said to be broken,

Antennal Groove. — The antennal groove is the curved portion
of the antennal furrow extending on each side of the head be-
tween the tentorial fovea and the frontal crest around the lateral
margin of the antennal sockets.

Supraclypeal Area. — The supraclypeal area is the region be-
tween the antennal sockets, the clypeus, and the frontal crest.
It may be flat, uniformly convex, carinated, or concave.

Median Fovea. — The median fovea is a rounded or angular
pit located near the middle of the ventral margin of the frontal
crest. The median fovea is figured and described by some au-
thors as the antennal fovea.

Antennal Fovece. — The antennal fovese are the depressed
areas surrounding the antennal sockets. The antennal furrows
and the lateral foveae are frequently connected with the antennal
foveae.

Frontal Area. — The frontal area comprises the region of the
head located between the antennal furrows, the frontal crest,
and the ocellar furrow.

Ocellar Basin. — The depressed area surrounding the median
ocellus is frequently continued as a concave area to the frontal
crest. The interocellar furrow is frequently expanded so as to
occupy most of the space between the lateral ocelli. This con-
cave area, occupying the median portion of the frontal area,

28 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

is known as the ocellar basin. The ocellar basin varies greatly in
form and extent in the different families and subfamilies.

Frontal Furrow. — The frontal furrow is a well marked de-
pression occurring on the meson of the ocellar basin of many
species. It may be limited to a pit or fovea, or it may extend
from the median ocellus to the frontal crest. It may not only
vary in length, but may vary in position and be located anywhere
in the space between the median ocellus and the frontal crest.
There is also considerable variation in the width of the furrow.

Malar Space. — The malar space is the area on each side of
the head included between the proximal end of the mandible and
the ventral end of the compound eye.

Key to Families.

1. Front wings with free part of Rj present; antennae always

with more than three segments, third segment of antennae
usually longer than all the following segments together

XYELID^ p. 29
Front wings with free part of Rs always wanting; antennae
with three or more segments, third segment never as long
as all the following segments together; if third segment
be long, antennae consisting of only three segments 2

2. Front wings with base of subcosta always present; pronotum

transverse and scarcely emarginate behind

PAMPHILIID^ p. 32
Front wings with base of subcosta wanting, at most repre-r
sented only by a pale indistinct line; subcosta usually
represented by the free part of Sci, which appears like a
cross-vein in cell between costa and R+M; pronotum
transverse but frequently so deeply emarginate behind
that the mesal portion is concealed by the head 3

3. Front wings with radial cross-vein received in cell R4, very

rarely in cell Ro; medio-cubital cross-vein joined to
R + M or to M; if joined to M, first abscissa of M not
more than one-sixth the length of the cross-vein; oviposi-
tor in form of a saw, exserted or retracted; anterior tibiae

with two apical spurs TENTHREDINID^ p. 41

Front wings with radial cross-vein received in cell Rs,
rarely in cell R4; if in cell R*, medio-cubital cross-vein
joining media distinctly distad of radius and subequal in
length to first abscissa of media; ovipositor in form of a
saw or borer and usually exserted; anterior tibiae with one
apical spur 4

No. 22.1 HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 29

4. Front wings with first abscissa of M» present; antennae in-

serted between eyes above base of clypeus, with bases of

antennae fully exposed 5

Front wings with first abscissa of M2 wanting; antennae in-
serted below level of eyes at base of clypeus under a trans-
verse ridge of the front, their bases concealed

ORYSSID^ p. 175

5. Front wings with a distinct cell between costa and Sc + R +

M; medio-cubital cross-vein subequal in length to first

abscissa of media 6

Front wings without a cell between costa and Sc + R + M;
medio-cubital cross-vein from three to five times as long
as first abscissa of media CEPHID^ p. 172

6. Front wings with free part of Sci always present; first ab-

scissa of media extending lengthwise of wing; the last
abdominal tergite not ending in a triangular or lanceolate

process XIPHYDRIID^ p. 168

Front wings with free part of Sci always wanting; first ab-
scissa of media extending crosswise of wing; last ab-
dominal tergite ending in a triangular or lanceolate
process SIRICID^ p. 169

XYELIDAE.
Key to Genera.

1. Front wings with free part of M arising a considerable dis-

tance beyond point of union of R + M and Sci; hind
wings with free part of R5 wanting; claws with a minute
tooth-like protuberance at base or with a long slender

seta at apex 2

Front wings with free part of M arising distinctly before
point of separation of R and Sc2; hind wings with free
part of Rs present; claws cleft or with a large tooth within
at apex 3

2. Front wings with Sc not coalesced with R + M, so that free

part of Sc2 appears like a cross-vein between apex of Sc

and R -t- M Pleuroneura p. 30

Front wings with Sc coalesced with R + M, so that the free
part of Sc2 is obliterated Xyela p. 30

3. Front wings with free part of R subequal in length to

R + Sc2 4

Front wings with free part of R distinctly shorter than
R + Sc2, frequently less than one-half the length of R
+ Sc2 5

4. Claws with a large erect tooth within at middle

Odontophyes p. 30
Claws cleft, two parts of cleft parallel Megaxyela p. 31

30 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull,

5. Clypeus triangular in outline, median portion two or three

times as long as lateral portions; claws cleft, two parts

of cleft parallel Paraxyela p. 31

Clypeus not triangular in outline, median portion but little
if any longer than lateral portions; claws with an erect
tooth at middle 6

6. Front wings with free part of Scz almost twice as long as

free part of Sci; Sci much more oblique than SC2; cell R.
usually divided by a supernumerary cross-vein; clypeus
much broader at middle than at lateral emarginations ....

Protoxyela p. 31
Front wings with free part of Scj subequal in length with
free part of Scij Sci and Sc2 inclined at about the same
angle; cell Rs never divided by a supernumerary cross-
vein; clypeus only slightly if at all broader at middle than
at lateral emarginations Macroxyela p. 31

Pleuroneura Konow.
°P. brunneicornis Rohwer,
Body black, with the mandibles, a line on the pronotum, and
the tegulse, pallid ; clypeus, labrum, palpi, legs, venter, and three
apical abdominal segments, ruf o-fulvous ; hind tibise inf uscated ;
clypeus truncate with a triangular tooth at middle ; antennal fur-
rows indistinct above the middle of the head; no fovea at side
of lateral ocelli. Length 6 mm.

Xyela Dalman.
°X. minor Norton.
Body yellowish, with indistinct or subdistinct brownish spots
on the three basal segments of the antennae, a parenthesis-shaped
spot each side of the ocelli, two spots on each lateral lobe of the
mesonotum ; third segiTient of the antennae distinctly shorter than
all the following segments together and longer than the first
and second together; ovipositor slender, longer than the abdo-
men; wings elongate, projecting one-half their length beyond
the apex of abdomen. Length 4 mm. Larva feeds on stami-
nate flowers of Pinus.

Odontophyes Konow.

°0. avingrata (Dyar).

Body steel blue, with the following parts yellow: the
labrum, bases of the mandibles, palpi, bases of the antennae, tips

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 3I

of the anterior and middle femora, trochanters, and four apical
segments of the posterior tarsi ; head roughened with large, closely-
placed punctures; a'bdomen iridescent with fine transverse wavy
striations. Length 13 mm. Larva resembling a bird's dropping,
feeds on the young leaves of hickory and butternut.

Megaxyeia Ashmead.

°M. major (Cresson). Xyela major Cresson.

Body ferruginous, with black and yellow markings ; pos-
terior tibiae broadly expanded and flattened, covered with setae
which form a brush along the ventral side. Length lo mm.
Larva feeds on hicl<cory.

Paraxyela MacGillivray.

°P. tricolor (Norton). Xyela tricolor Norton.

Body steel blue, with the following parts white: spots at
the insertion of the antennae, nasus, labrum, mandibles, palpi, and
edges of the ventral segments ; the following parts black : edge
of labrum, tips of posterior femora, tibiae, and tarsi ; legs rufous.
Length 8 mm.

'&•

Protoxyela MacGillivray.

°P. «nea (Norton). Howard, Insect Book, pi. xiii. Fig. 5.

Body bronze-black with the following parts rufous ; first
segment of antennae, supraclypeal area, clypeus, labrum, man-
dibles, legs including the coxae, venter at apex, and apical two-
thirds of saw-guides ; abdominal segments beyond the basal plates
with a fine apical white margin. Length 7 mm.

Macroxyela Kirby.
Key to Species.

1. Head with a flat depressed area in front of median ocellus,

never crossed by the median fovea 2

Head, if with a depressed area in front of median ocellus,
always broken by the median fovea, which extends to the
median ocellus 4

2. ^Median fovea represented by a linear smooth spot only

slightly, if at all, depressed below the surface of the front;
body black, with clypeus, labrum, malar space, supraclypeal
area, basal plates at sides, abdomen beyond the basal
plates, and legs rufous. Length 8 mm bicolor

I

32 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Median fovea not linear and distinctly depressed below the
surface of the front 3

3. Median fovea a broad, flat, indistinct depressed area, more

distinct near the median ocellus; saw-guides strongly con-
vex above on the basal half and straight or slightly convex
below; body rufous, with a spot about the ocelli, a spot
near the base of wings, and the base of abdomen above,

more or less black. Length 8 mm obsoleta

Median fovea a distinct, narrow, elongate, diamond-shaped
depression, flat on the bottom; saw-guides convex above
on basal half and straight below; body rufous, with two
spots on lateral lobes of mesonotum and the postscutel-
lum black. Length 8 mm distincta

4. Median fovea a wedge-shaped depression, narrowed near the

median ocellus, with polished, sloping walls; saw-guides
strongly convex on basal two-thirds above and almost
straight below; body rufous, with antennae beyond the
second segment, a spot about the ocelli, a spot above the
base of each antenna, a spot on the apex of the median
lobe of the mesonotum, two spots on each lateral lobe,
and the two basal tergal segments black. Length 9 mm.

ferruginea
Median fovea vase-shaped, a semicircular, slanting depres-
sion adjacent to the median ocellus, broadly boat-shaped
on the middle of the front, the two parts connected by a
narrower portion with high bounding walls; saw-guides
moderately convex on basal two-thirds above and straight
below; body rufous, with usually a spot about the ocelli,
and two spots on each median lobe of mesonotum black.
Length 8 mm infuscata

°M. bicolor MacGillivray.
°M. obsoleta MacGillivray.
°M. distincta MacGillivray.
°M. ferruginea (Say). Xyela ferruginea Say.
°M. infuscata (Norton). Xyela infuscata Norton. Larva
feeds on the leaves of elm.

PAMPHILIID^.
Key to Genera.

I. Claws cleft, the two rays subequal in length; hinder margin

of posterior orbits with a distinct fine carina 5

Claws with a small median or submedian erect tooth 2

No. 22.'] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 33

2. Anterior tibiae with a lateral spur before the apex 3

Anterior tibiae without a lateral spur before the apex 4

3. Hind margin of posterior orbits without a carina

Acantholyda p. 33
Hind margin of posterior orbits with a distinct, fine carina

Itycorsia p. 33

4. Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein joined to media

distinctly beyond its point of separation from radius

Cephaleia p. 35
Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein joined to media
at its point of separation from radius Caenolyda p. 36

5. Front wings with free part of Sci present, cells C and Sci

distinct 6

Front wings with free part of Sci wanting so that cells C
and Sci are united Neurotoma p. 37

6. Antennae with third segment not or scarcely longer than

fourth, at least always shorter than segments four and five

united Pamphilius p. 37

Antennae with third segment as long as or longer than seg-
ments four and five united Anoplolyda p. 39

Acantholyda Costa.

°A. marginiventris (Cresson).

Tergum black, with a narrow lateral white or pinkish
margin ; antennas black ; legs black, except the anterior tibiae in
front ; head black with the clypeus white ; a spot between the base
of the antenna and the eye, a pair of spots in front of the ocelli,
a pair of lunate marks behind the ocelli, a narrow band from the
eyes to the occiput, and the outer orbits, white; a triangular
spot on the median lobes of the mesonotum, white. Length 15
mm.

°A. bicolorata (Norton).

Tergum honey yellow, with the two apical segments black ;
antennae black; legs black; head brown, with a spot at the base
of each antenna, a triangular spot above each eye, one about
the ocelli, and a large spot on the vertex, black. Length
12 mm.

Itycorsia Konow.
Key to Species.

I. Pleurae entirely black 2

Pleurae either with a broad oblique pale spot or entirely pale 3

3

34 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

2. Body black, with the following parts rufous: head, ex-

cept labrum, a spot around bases of antennae, mandibles,
greater part of lateral lobes of mesonotum, scutellum, post-
scutellum, and anterior tibiae and tarsi; lateral margin
of abdominal segments with a fine yellow line; wings in-

fuscated. Length 12 mm brunniceps

Body, in female, black, with the following parts yellowish
white: spot on bases of mandibles, spot on cheeks, narrow
line from the caudal end of eyes to the occiput where it
expands and extends along the caudal margin of the pos-
terior orbits to near their middle, two ovate spots on
vertex, a narrow line on pronotum, a line on suture
between median and lateral lobes, a spot on each lateral
lobe, and an irregular spot on the lateral margin of each
abdominal segment; tibiae and anterior tarsi rufous; wings
hyaline, with a clouded spot extending across wings behind
the stigma. Male differs in having the antennae usually
rufous at middle, a yellowish spot at caudal end of each
eye, mandibles in great part yellow, spots on abdominal
segments limited to a line, and all the tibiae and tarsi
yellowish rufous. Length 16 mm maculiventris

3. Pleurae and sternum black, with an oblique pale mark on

pleurae; legs in part marked with black 6

Pleurae and sternum wholly rufous or ochraceous; legs en-
tirely rufous or ochraceous 4

4. Head with the summit of the declivous area at the base of

antennae broadly rounded; body rufous, with tips of an- •
tennae infuscated, and tergum, except a line along the late-
ral margin, black; median fovea an elongate pit situated
midway between the bases of antennae and ocelli; basal

segment of antennae rufous. Length 14 mm ochrocera

Head with the summit of the declivous area at the base of
antennae elevated into a distinct transverse ridge; basal
segment of the antennae marked with black 5

5. Head with the postocellar area elevated above ocelli; eye

margin angulated opposite ocelli; median fovea a deep
depression with distinct boundaries, nearer to the ocelli
than to the bases of antennae; head with indefinite black
lines, more pronounced in region of ocelli; median lobe of
mesonotum, scutellum and metathorax in part, and a nar-
row band on the base of abdominal segments, black.

Length 14 mm angulata

Head with postocellar area not elevated above ocelli; eye
margin not angulated opposite ocelli; median fovea an
elongate slit nearer to the ocelli than to the bases of
antennae; head with indefinite black lines in the region of

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 35

ocelli; median lobe at base, lateral lobes at middle, base of
scutellum, metathorax in part, and a narrow transverse
band on the base of each abdominal segment, black.

Length 14 mm discolor

6. Large yellow spot laterad of the bases of antennae smooth
without punctures; clypeus and labrum yellow, produced
at middle into a distinct spearhead-shaped projection,
rarely punctate and if so bearing white setae; head and
thorax with the usual yellow spots; legs all yellow or
yellowish-rufous with the femora black above; abdomen
almost entirely rufous or with a narrow black line on the
caudal margin of the segments, in some specimens the
black bands expanded onto the cephalic part of the next
segment until some of the segments are almost entirely

black. Length 13 mm luteomaculata

Large yellow spot laterad of the bases of antennae completely
covered with punctures, each puncture bearing a black
seta; labrum and clypeus yellow, produced at middle into
a triangular-shaped projection and distinctly punctate,
the punctures bearing black setae; head and thorax wiih
the usual yellow spots; legs yellow or yellowish- rufous
with all the femora black above and all with more or less
black beneath; abdomen black above with a narrow yellow
lateral margin. Length 14 mm albomarginata

°I. brunniceps (Cresson). Lyda brunniceps Cresson.
°I. maculiventris (Norton). Lyda maculiventris Norton.
I. ochrocera (Norton). Lyda ochrocera Norton. Walling-
ford, I June, 1910 (D. J. Caffrey), 13 July, 191 1 (J. K. Lewis) ;
Stonington, 15 June, 1908 (W. E. B.).

I. angulata MacGillivray. Manchester, 20 May, 1910 (A.
B. C.) ; Wallingford, 7 July, 191 1 (J. K. Lewis).
°I. discolor (Cresson).

*I. luteomaculata (Cresson). Lyda luteomaculata Cresson.
Torrington (R. Hochstein).

*I. albomarginata (Cresson). Lyda albomarginata Cresson.
New Haven, 24 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Cephaleia Panzer.

Key to Species.

I. Pleurae entirely black 2

Pleurae with a prominent oblique pale mark 3

36 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

2. Head black, with the following parts ferruginous: spot on

the side of face and on the apical middle of clypeus, broad
line on cheeks, and two spots behind ocelli; antennae in
great part pale yellow; wings hyaline, with a fuscous
band beneath stigma; abdomen violaceous black, trans-
versely banded at middle with yellowish ferruginous.

Length 15 mm fascipennis

Head rufous, with a black spot around ocelli, extending to the
bases of antennae; tegulse and immediate adjacent parts
of pronotum and wings ferruginous; body, including wings,
violaceous black. Length 18 mm frontalis

3. Scutellum yellow; head and thorax black, with the usual

straw-yellow markings; antennae black; abdomen black,
with a rufous or honey-colored transverse band on seg-
ments two to four and the tip of the anal segment of the

same color; wings faintly clouded. Length 11 mm

canadensis
Scutellum black 4

4. Head and thorax blackish, with the usual yellow spots;

.antennae varying from yellow to blackish fuscous; abdo-
men entirely luteous or with an irregular median blackish
band; legs luteous, front and middle femora black above,

posterior entirely black. Length 11 mm mathematica

Head and thorax black, with clypeus and three elongate spots
extending from it between the antennas and along the
inner orbits, outer orbits, tegulse, and an Bblique pleural
mark, yellow; abdomen black with the lateral margin and
the venter more or less yellow; legs wholly pale, rufous
or ochreous. Length 11 mm distincta

°C. fascipennis (Cresson).

°C. frontalis (Westwood).

°C. mathematica (Kirby). Pamphilius mathematicus Kirhy.

°C. canadensis Norton.

°C. distincta MacGillivray.

Caenolyda Konow.

°C. semidea (Cresson). Lyda semidea Cresson.

Head and thorax luteous or brownish, with the usual
yellow-colored spots faintly indicated; antennae luteous beyond
first segment ; abdomen entirely luteous or brownish ; legs luteous,
with the basal three-fourths of the femora rufous, fuscous, or
black; wings hyaline, veins luteous or brownish. Length 12 mm.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 2>7

Neurotoma Konow.

*N. fasciata (Norton). Howard, Insect Book, pi, xiv, Fig.

15- *

Body in female black, with the following parts yellow: a

shield-shaped spot between the antennas, tegulse, scutellum, post-

scutellum, a triangular spot on the caudo-lateral angles of the

fourth to the sixth tergal segment, and legs except coxae and

basal half of femora ; wings fuliginous, front wings clear at apex.

Male differs in having scutellum and postscutellum black, and

legs beyond coxae entirely yellow. Length 12 mm. Larva

feeds on cherry.

Connecticut (E. N.).

°N. inconspicua (Norton).

Body dull black, with tegulse yellow and mandibles and legs
beyond the coxae rufous; tarsi black; wings hyaline, with a faint
fuscous band behind the stigma. Length 9 mm. Larva feeds on
cherry.

Pamphilius Latreille.
Key to Species.

1. Antennse white beyond the first segment; head and thorax

black, with the usual pale markings; abdomen black, with
a white lateral margin and a transverse band on the middle
of the four apical segments; legs yellow, with anterior and
middle coxas, anterior trochanters, basal half of anterior
and middle femora, and apices of their tibiae and tarsi,
posterior coxae in part, and apices of their tibiae and
tarsi, black; wings hyaline. Male differs from female only in
having the spots on head and thorax smaller and the black

on legs more pronounced. Length 10 mm semicinctus

Antennse entirely black, yellow or rufous beyond the middle 2

2. Head and thorax in female luteous with black markings;

abdomen luteous with a longitudinal black or fuscous band
on each side of tergum within the margin; legs entirely
luteous, darker toward apex; wings hyaline. Male differs
in having disk of the head, thorax, and abdomen black with
yellow spots; posterior tibiae and all the tarsi fuscous.

Length 9 mm ocreatus

Head and thorax black, with yellow markings 3

3. Abdomen rufous beyond the first segment 5

Abdomen black, with the third and fourth segments rufous 4

4. Head with a strongly elevated V-shaped ridge behind the

median ocellus; body black, with declivous part of the

38 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

head, mesal surface of the basal segment of antennae, apical
half of antennae, genae, a line on the outer orbits adjacent
to the eyes, a spot on the posterior orbits, tegulae, and
the legs below the coxae, except the posterior tibiae, white;
abdomen with segments three and four entirely, the basal
half of five, and a line on six, rufous- Length 11 mm.

transversus
Head not with a strongly elevated V-shaped ridge behind
the median ocellus; body black, with mandibles, declivous
part of the head, a line on the posterior orbits, a spot
on each side of the postocellar area, a spot on each side
on the caudal margin of head, tegulje, scutellum, post-
scutellum, and legs beyond the coxae, yellow. Length
8 mm rufocinctus

5. Pleurae with a pale mark; body black, with clypeus, poste-

rior orbits, genae, a broad band from the middle of
the eye to the occiput, two prominent, triangular-shaped
dilations on the inner side near the eye, two parenthesis-
shaped spots near the postocellar area\ three minute
spots on the front, tegulae, V-spot, scutellum, postscutel-
lum, front and middle legs, and posterior trochanters and
femora, yellow; mandibles, posterior tibiae and tarsi, and
abdomen beyond the basal plates, rufous. Length 9 mm.

persicus
Pleurae without a pale mark 6

6. Labrum with a small median tooth 7

Labrum broadly rounded without a median tooth; ocellar

basin sharply defined, a V-shaped ridge behind median
ocellus and two broad mounds in front; body in female
black, with apical half of antennae, clypeus, lower half of
the outer orbits, a line on the genae adjacent to the eyes,
a bifid dilation on the inner orbits extending as a line to
the occiput, its inner margin extending to the vertical fur-
rows, ridges about the ocellar basin, a spot on each verti-
tical furrow, tegulae, a line on the collar, the V-spot,
scutellum, postscutellum, and the legs below the knees,
white; abdomen rufous beyond the basal plates. Male
differs in having the area in front of the frontal crest and
the basal segment of antennae yellow, spots on the orbits
and vertex wanting. Length 8-10 mm dentatus

7. Median fovea wanting; ocellar basin strongly defined; body

black, with apical half of aiftennae, clypeus, base of mandi-
bles, lower half of posterior orbits, area around ocellar
basin, a spot on each vertical furrow, a line from the
middle of the inner orbits to the occiput (enlarged at
occipital end), tegulae, prosternum, and legs beyond the

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 39

coxae, except posterior tibiae and tarsi, yellow; abdomen

reddish beyond the first segment. Length lo mm

ocellatus
Median fovea open and elongate; ocellar basin not sharply
defined; body black, with apex of the clypeus, genas, three
spots about ocelli, a line from the inner orbits to the eyes,
a spot on the vertical furrows, apical third of the antennae,
tegulae, scutellum, legs below coxae, except the posterior
tibiae, ^ale yellow; abdomen rufous beyond the first seg-
ment. Length 7.75 mm rubi

°P. semicinctus (Norton). Lyda semicincta Norton.
P. ocreatus (Say). Lyda ocreata Say. Howard, Insect
Book, pi. xiv, Figs. 4 and 9. Connecticut (Norton) ; New
Haven, 21 May, 1910 (A. B. C). Larva a solitary feeder on
Corylus.

°P. transversus MacGillivray.

^P. rufocinctus (Cresson). Lyda rufocincta Cresson.

*P. persicus MacGillivray, Yalesville, Meriden, Walling--
ford, Middlefield, Durham, North Haven, New Haven, Hamden,
Cheshire, Farmington (B. H. W.) ; Yalesville, June (W. E. B.).
Larva feeds on peach.

For a full account of this insect and its appearance as a pest,
see 7th Report State Entomologist, in Report for 1907-8 of Con-
necticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, p. 285.

*P. dentatus MacGillivray. Hamden, 24 May, 1910, New
Haven, 30 May, 1911 (B. H. W.) ; WalHngford, 8 June, 1911
(B. H. W. and D. J. Caffrey). Larva feeds on blackberry. See
Report of Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station for 1912,
p. 236.

°P. ocellatus Rohwer.

°P. rubi Rohwer. Larva feeds on blackberr}^

Anoplolyda Costa.

Key to Species.

1. Pleurae with a large oblique pale stripe 2

Pleurae black t 4

2. Abdomen rufous at least beyond first segment 3

Abdomen black, except a rufous spot on the first and the

most of the second and third segments of the tergum;

40 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

legs black to the middle of femora, and beyond the middle
of femora yellow-red; antennae black; scutellum and post-
scutellum yellow; head yellow in front of ocelli except a
black line above each antenna; wings hyaline. Length
7 mm excavata

3. Antennae black at base, yellow at apex; body black, with

head and thorax with the usual yellow markings; legs,
except coxae and apical three-fourths of the hinder tibiae,

pale yellow; wings hyaline. Length 10 mm luteicomis

Antennae black; body black, with head and thorax with the
usual yellow markings; legs, except posterior femora, yel-
low; wings hyaline. Length 12 mm pallimacula

4. Scutellum black; head yellow, with the area behind and in-

cluding ocelli and between the antennal furrows, black;
pronotum, tegulae, and (in female) legs beyond the coxae,
yellow; abdomen black with rufous spot covering the disk
of second to fourth segments of tergum and venter; anten-
nae black; wings strongly infuscated. Male differs in
having the apex of the posterior tibiae black. Length 13

mm plagiata

Scutellum pale 5

5. Abdom.en rufous beyond the first segment 6

Abdomen marked with rufous at middle, black at apex 7

6. Antennae black; mesal projecting spot on the inner margin of

eye pointed at apex and not bifid; anterior ocellus entirely
surrounded by yellow; head and thorax with the usual
pale markings; legs yellow beyond the middle of coxae;
wings hyaline; the basal half of stigma yellow. Length 12

mm quebecensis

Antennae white beyond the middle; mesal projecting spot on
the inner margin of eyes deeply bifid at apex; anterior ocel-
lus not entirely surrounded by yellow, interrupted by a
furrow on each side; head and thorax with the usual pale
markings; legs yellow beyond coxae, except posterior tibiae
which are black; wings hyaline; stigma black. Length
12 mm scripta

7. Abdomen black, with a rufous spot on the disk of tergal seg-

ments one to four; head and thorax with the usual pale
markings, except that those on the head are reduced t-^ fine
lines; legs beyond coxae, greenish yellow; antennae black;
wings hyaline, veins and stigma black. Length 9 mm.

perplexa
Abdomen black at base and apex with a transverse rufous
band at middle; legs beyond coxae entirely yellow; trans-
verse ridge in front of ocelli and vertex deeply impressed
by the antennal furrows; head and thorax with the usual
pale markings; second segment of the antennae about

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 4I

twice as long as broad; wings yellowish-hyaline; antennae
black. Length 9 mm rufofasciatus

°A. excavata (Norton).

*A. luteicornis (Norton). Farmington (E. N.).

A. pallimacula (Norton). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xii,.
Fig. 6. Farmington (E. N.).

°A. plagiata (Klug). Howard, Insect Book, PI, xiv, Fig. 22.
°A. quebecensis (Provancher).

A. scripta (Say). Farmington; New Haven, 4 Jmie, 191 1,
Hamden, 2 Jmie, 191 1 (A. B. C), 14 June, 191 1 (W. E. B.).
°A. perplexa (Cresson).

A. rufofasciatus (Norton). Connecticut (E. N.).

TENTHREDINIDAE.
Key to Subfamilies.

1. Front wings with second anal cell contracted at middle .... 2
Front wings with second anal cell not contracted at middle 5

2. Front wings with free part of second anal vein present 3

Front wings with free part of second anal vein wanting.

Selandriin^ p. 65

3. Radial cross-vein present; antennae never with more than

nine segments 4

Radial cross-vein wanting; antennae always with more than
nine segments Diprionin^ p. 43

4. Front wings with free part of vein R5 present and cells

R5 and Ri therefore separate ■ • S

Front wings with free part of vein Rs wanting, so that cells
Rs and R* are united Dolerin^ p. 68

5. Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein and free part of

M3+1 parallel Emphytin^ p. 45

Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein and free part of

Mm strongly divergent behind Phyllotomin^ p. 77

6. Radial cross-vein present 7

Radial cross-vein wanting 13

7. Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein joined to vein

Sc+R+M at or near origin of media, its distance from
media always less than one-half the length of the cross-
vein 8

Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein joined to vein
Sc+R+M at a distance from origin of media, its distance

42 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

from media always one-half or more the length of the
cross-vein lo

8. Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein and Ms+4 parallel

Blennocampin^ p. 142
Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein and M3+4 strongly-
divergent behind 9

9. Hind wings with vein R3 reaching the margin distinctly

before apex of wing; cell R1+2 pointed at apex and closed

SCOLIONEURIN^ p. 158

Hind wings with vein R3 reaching the margin at or beyond

apex of wing; cell R1+2 rounded at apex and open

Fenusin^ p. 156

10. Front wings with base of third anal vein present and second

anal cell therefore not combined with third 11

Front wings with base of third anal vein atrophied and

second and third anal cells therefore united

• DiNEURiN^ p. 107

11. Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein and vein Ms+t

parallel or at least not divergent behind 12

Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein and vein M3+4
strongly divergent behind Hoplocampin^ p. 105

12. Antennas with eight or nine segments, rarely enlarged at

apex; front wings with first abscissa of M subequal to
abscissa of R; radio-medial cross-vein rarely if ever want-
ing Tenthredinin^e p. 80

Antennae with less than eight segments, always enlarged at
apex into a club; front wings with first abscissa of M
twice as long as abscissa of R; radio-medial cross-vein
always wanting CiMBiciNiE p. 102

13. Front wings with third and combined first and second anal

veins anastomosed at middle for a short distance, length
of anastomosis always being less than length of second

anal cell • • 14

Front wings with third and combined first and second anal
veins anastomosed at middle for a considerable distance,
anastomosis being two or three times the length of second
anal cell, or with second anal cell wanting or combined
with third anal cell, or with both first and second anal cells
wanting 15

14. Antennae never with more than nine segments; hind wings

with vein R3 reaching the margin before apex of wing;

cell Ri+2 pointed at apex and closed Cladiin^ p. 108

Antennae always with more than nine segments; hind wings
with vein R3 reaching the margin at apex of wing; cell Ri+j
broad at apex and open Monoctenin^ p. 108

15. Antennae always with nine segments Nematin^ p. iii

Antennae with three or six segments 16

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 43

16. Antennae with six segments; front wings with three anal

veins fused into a singk vein Acordulecerin^ p. 165

Antennae with three segments; front wings with three anal
veins never fused into a single vein • • . . 17

17. Front wings with free part of Sci present Hylotomin^ p. 160

Front wings with free part of Sci wanting Schizocerin-e p. 164

DlPRIONIN^.

Diprion Schrank.

Lophyrus Latreille.
Antennas multiarticulate, with fifteen or more segments,
strongly serrate in the female and bipectinate in the male, the
rays shorter toward the apex; larvae infesting various species of
conifers.

Key to Species.

1. Antennae with sixteen segments, black; head, thorax, abdomen,

and legs in great part luteous; wings hyaline. Females

fabricii
Antennae with more than sixteen segments 2

2. Head and thorax for the most part pale. Females 3

Head and thorax for the most part black. Males 8

3. Femora black or dusky at base; antennae with eighteen

segments; antennae and scutellum pale yellow; mesonotum
with large black spots occupying the greater part of its
surface; head and thorax sparsely covered with deep punc-
tures abdominalis

Femora wholly pale 4

4. Tibiae waxen white, at least at base; antennas with seventeen

segments 5

Tibiae with no part waxen white; antennae usually with more
than seventeen segments 6

5. Antennae luteous brown; tegulae, collar, and pleurae luteous

brown; a line joining the ocelli, a stripe on each side lobe
of the mesothorax, and the sutures of the metathorax,

black; claws with a tooth near the middle pinus-rigida

Antennae black, with basal half of third segment pale; tegulae,
collar, and pleurae waxen white; sides of metathorax black;
claws with the tooth distinctly nearer the apex than the
middle abbotti

6. Lateral lobes of mesonotum pale 7

Lateral lobes of mesonotum and sutures metallic black; body

yellowish brown; antennae with eighteen segments, black,
the third segment pale at base; claws with a short tooth
near the tip abietis

44 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

7. Antennse with twenty segments; color yellow-brown; antennae

blackish; metathorax, tergum, and a stripe down each
side of the venter, black; edges of pronotum, pleurie, outer

edges of abdomen, and knees, waxen white lecontei

Antennse with seventeen segments; color ferruginous; antennse
blackish ferruginous; sutures of face, mesothorax, abdo-
men, most of metathorax, and part of third and fourth seg-
ments of tergum, blackish; pleurae dark brown akhursti

8. Collar and edge of tegulas white; antennas with eighteen seg-

ments; ventral part of body and legs yellow-brown; basal

half of wings clouded abbotti

Collar and tegulee black 9

9. Antennte with fifteen segments; abdomen beneath and at

base and basal half of legs, yellow-brown; legs below knees
whitish pinus-rigida

Antennse with more than fifteen segments 10

ID. Antennse with twenty-one segments; head and mesothorax
black; tergum dark piceous; pleurae and breast black;
venter reddish brown, legs reddish yellow, darkest at
base abietis

Antennas with twenty-two or more segments lecontei

°D. fabricii (Leach). Lophyrus fabricii Leach. Larva feeds
on pitch pine. ^

°D. abdominalis (Say) Lophyrus abdominalis Say.

D. pinus-rigida (Norton). Lophryus pinus-rigida Norton.
Larva feeds on Pinus rigida, and this is probably the species
observed at Tariffville a few years ^go, where many of the small
pitch pines were nearly defoliated (W. E. B.).

D. abbotti (Leach). Lophyrus abbotti Leach. Howard,
Insect Book, PI. xii, Fig. 3. Larva feeds on white pine and
pitch pine. Middletown, 191 1; Litchfield, 1916.

D. abietis (Harris). Lophryus abietis Harris. Larva feeds
on black spruce, fir, pitch pine. Connecticut (E. N.).

D. lecontei (Fitch). Lophryus lecontei Fitch. Howard, In-
sect Book, PI. xiv, Fig. 5. Larva feeds on white pine, pitch pine,
Pinus banksiana, Scotch pine, and Austrian pine. Middletown
(D. MacDonald) ; Hampton (A. B. Roberts) ; Stamford, 8 May,
191 1 (R. T. Morris).

°D. akhursti (Norton). Lophyrus akhursti Norton.

no. 22.] hymenoptera of connecticut. 45

Emphytin^.
Key to Genera.

1. Posterior metatarsus subequal in length or shorter than the

four following segments 2

Posterior metatarsus distinctly longer than the four following
segments I3

2. Front wings with second abscissa of Cui never shorter than

free part of M4 3

Front wings with second abscissa of Cui always shorter
than free part of M* 8

3. Front wings with second abscissa of Cui distinctly longer

than free part of M4; claws with a minute erect tooth at

middle 4

Front wings with second abscissa of Cui subequal in length
to free part of M* S

4. Front wings with free part of 2d A oblique; hind wings

with cell Ri+i without an appendage at apex

Hemitaxonus p. 46
Front wings with free part of 2d A perpendicular; hind

wings with cell Ri+s with an appendage at apex

Epitaxonus p. 46

5. Hind wings with cell R1+2 always with a distinct appendage

at apex; front wings with free part of 2d A oblique 6

Hind wings with cell R1+2 never with an appendage at apex;

front wings with free part of 2d A perpendicular

Taxonus p. 46

6. Claws bifurcate at apex Monostegia p. 47

Claws always with a tooth but never bifurcate at apex 7

7. Claws cleft, with inner lobe not more than one-half the length

of outer lobe Phrontosoma p. 47

Claws with an erect tooth at middle Empria p. 48

8. Front wings with radio-medial cross-vein always present.... 9
Front wings with radio-medial cross-vein always wanting

Emphytus p. 55

9. Hind wings either with free part of R4, or transverse part of

M2, or with both present 11

Hind wings with both free part of R4 and transverse part of

M2 wanting 10

10. Claws with a large erect tooth at middle. .. .Parataxonus p. 57
Claws appendiculately toothed at base Polytaxonus p. 58

11. Hind wings with both free part of Ri and transverse part of

M2 present Eriocampa p. 58

Hind wings with free part of Ri wanting 12

12. Head and thorax strongly cribrately punctate

Pseudosiobla p. 58
Head and thorax smooth, without punctures. . .Monosoma p. 59

46 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

13. Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein present 14

Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein wanting

Macremphjrtus p. 59

14. Antennae with second segment elongate, about twice as long

as broad Strongylogastroidea p. 61

Antennae with second segment annular, not or hardly as long
as broad Dimorphopteryx p. 64

Hemitaxonus Ashmead.

H. dubitatus (Norton). Taxonus dubitatus Norton.

Body black, with the following- parts rufous: labrum, clypeus,
tegulse, collar broadly, lobes of mesonotum, sternum, pleurae, legs
except posterior tibiae and tarsi of female, entire abdomen in fe-
male, and abdominal segments one, two, and three in male; an-
tennae with third and fourth segments subequal; median fovea
deep and broad, frontal ridge unbroken, ocellar basin completely
enclosed. Length 10 mm. Larva feeds on Onoclea.

Connecticut (E. N.) ; East Hartford, 9 August, 1904, New
Haven, 27 July, 1904 (P. L. B.) ; Cheshire, 8 July, 1904, New
Haven, 4 July, 1905, Thompson, 11 July, 1905 (H. L. V.) ; Bran-
ford, 3 July, 1905 (H. W. W.) ; Milldale, 21 May, 1906, New
Haven, 19 July, 1905, i June, 191 1 (B. H. W.) ; Torrington, 7
July, 1905 (W. E. B.)

Epitaxonus MacGillivray.

°E. albidopictus (Norton). Taxonus albidopictus Norton.
Body black, with the following parts rufous : pleurae, sternum,
a band on abdominal segments one to three, coxae, femora except
a ring on apex of posterior pair, and front and middle tibiae except
their basal fourth; with the following parts white: labrum, cly-
peus, collar, tegulae, basal fourth of all the tibiae, and basal half of
posterior metatarsus ; median fovea extending laterad to the eyes ;
frontal ridge unbroken, and ocellar basin completely enclosed.
Length 8 mm. Larva feeds on Onoclea sensihilis.

Taxonus Hartig.

Key to Species.
I. Abdomen entirely black; body black, with all the legs, except
the posterior tarsi, rufous; posterior tarsi fuscous; antennae
with third segment distinctly longer than fourth; frontal

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 47

ridge wanting, median fovea coinciding with ocellar basin
and extending as a narrow groove to above the median
ocellus; wings very slightly infuscated, veins and stigma

brownish. Length 8 mm nigrisomus

Abdomen black, transversely banded with rufous 2

2. Coxae black; body black, with the following parts rufous:
labrum, tegulae, a band covering a part of the second
and the third and fourth abdominal segments, and legs,
except middle and posterior tarsi; third segment of anten-
nae longer than fourth; median fovea wanting; ocellar
basin distinct, its walls not prominent. Length 8 mm.

innominatus
Coxce in part pale; body black, with the following parts
rufous or white: labrum, tegulae, collar (black in male),
entire abdomen in female and a band on segments two to
four in male, apices of coxas, trochanters, femora at apex
and base, and base of tibiae; hind femora and tibiae in male
black; wings hyaline; each ocellus in a basin. Length 6
mm amicus

*T. nigrisomus Norton. Larva feeds on dock. Hartford
(Nason) ; Branford, 15 July, 1905 (H. W. W.) ; Thompson, 11
July, 1905 (H. L. V.) ; Stonington, 10 August, 1906 (J, A.
Hyslop).

°T. innominatus MacGillivray.

°T. amicus Norton.

Monostegia Costa.

M. martini MacGillivray.

Body black, w^ith the following parts rufous: labrum, collar
broadly, tegulae, metathorax, abdomen, legs, and base of wings;
second segment of antennae as long as fourth and fifth together;
frontal ridge wanting, and median fovea and ocellar basin united.
Length 7 mm. Larva feeds on Oenothera.

Hartford (W. E. B.).

Phrontosoma MacGillivray.

Key to Species.

1. Prothorax and mesonotum in great part rufous 2

Prothorax and mesonotum black 3

2. Antennal furrow below lateral ocelli broad and coarsely

punctate; body black, with tegulae, a fine line on the col-

48 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

lar, and all the legs beyond the apical third of femora,
white; apex of posterior tibiae and tarsi infuscated; frontal
ridge wanting, and median fovea and ocellar basin con-
tinuous; third segment of antennse as long as fourth and
fifth together. Length 6 mm atra

Antennal furrow below lateral ocelli narrow, with sharp
walls, and impunctate; body black, with tegulas, a narrow
margin to pronotum, front and middle legs beyond basal
fourth of femora, and posterior legs beyond knees, white;
second segment of antennse about as long as first, third
about equal to fourth and fifth together; frontal ridge
wanting, median fovea and ocellar basins continuous.

Length 8 mm nortoni

3. Femora black except at apex; body black, with a rufous spot
covering the collar and mesonotum; tegulce and legs be-
yond the apical third of the femora, white; third seg-
ment of the antennae as long as fourth and fifth together;
frontal ridge distinct and unbroken, median fovea and
ocellar basin therefore not continuous; median fovea as
large as or larger than the ocellar basin and extending
through the supraclypeal area; triangular depression be-
hind median ocellus not extending to the antennal furrow.
Length 7 mm daeckei

Femora white; body black, with a rufous spot covering the
greater part of prothorax and mesonotum; third segment
of antennae hardly as long as fourth and fifth together;
frontal ridge distinct and unbroken; median fovea long and
distinct; ocellar basin almost wanting; triangular depression
behind median ocellus distinct and extending to the
antennal furrow. Length 7 mm collaris

°P. atra MacGillivray.

°P. nortoni MacGillivray.

°P. daeckei MacGillivray.

°P. collaris MacGillivray,

Empria LePeletier.

Key to Species.

1. Clypeus uniformly flat or convex 2

Clypeus with a median longitudinal ridge or carina, fre-
quently minute 6

2. Antennal furrows broadly rounded depressions, continuous

from the antennal fovea to the lateral ocelli; ocellar basin a
broadly depressed area from near the antennae to the
median ocellus; median fovea a minute pit; ocellar and

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 49

interocellar furrows wanting; clypeus broadly roundly
emarginate; third segment of antennae longer than fourth;
saw-guides straight above and broadly rounded below to a
blunt point at apex above; body black, with labrum,
tegulse, and legs, except a spot on the outer margin of

coxae, white. Length 7 mm cavata

Antennal furrows linear, broadly interrupted on the middle
of the front .3

3. Ocellar basin a distinct depression extending to median ocel-

lus 4

Ocellar basin wanting, or at most indicated only adjacent
to median ocellus; median fovea a rounded pit 5

4. Ocellar basin a linear depression, with a distinct median

fovea at its ventral end; ocellar furrow indicated at mid-
dle; interocellar furrow distinct; clypeus moderately
deeply, angularly emarginate, with a low broad projec-
tion at middle; third segment of antennae slightly longer
than fourth; saw-guides straight above, convex below,
narrowly obliquely rounded at apex; body black, with
clypeus, labrum, tegulae, a line on the collar, coxae at apex,
trochanters more or less, front femora, middle and hind
femora at .apex, front tibiae and tarsi, middle tibiae at base
and beneath, and their tarsi, and hind tibiae at base, dirty

white. Length 7 mm callosa

Ocellar basin a broad depression with broadly sloping sides,
with a deep, broad median fovea at its ventral end; ocellar
and interocellar furrows distinct; clypeus slightly bi-emar-
ginate at apex, practically truncate; third and fourth seg-
ments of antennae subequal; saw-guides convex above,
convex below, broadly convexly rounded to a blunt point
at middle of apex; body black, with collar, tegulae, base of
wings, and legs, white. Length 6 mm caetrata

5. Postocellar area and dorsal margin of head polished, region

of ocellar furrow flattened ; ocellar and interocellar fur-
rows distinct; clypeus angularly emarginate, lobes broadly
rounded; third- segment of antennae longer than fourth;
ocellar basin represented by a depression in front of me-
dian ocellus; median fovea deep with flaring sides; saw-
guides with upper and lower margins parallel and trun-
cately rounded at apex; body black, with clypeus at sides,
labrum, tegulae, collar, wings at base, and legs beyond
apices of coxae, except the front and middle femora more
or less beneath, hind femora in great part, and hind tibiae

at apex, white. Length 6 mm celsa

Postocellar area and dorsal margin of head finely punctate;
ocellar and interocellar furrows distinct; clypeus broadly,

4

50 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

shallowly, angularly emarginate, the lobes broadly round-
ed; third and fourth segments of antennae subequal; ocellar
basin not indicated in front of median ocellus; median
fovea large with flaring sides; saw-guides with their upper
and lower margins converging, obliquely truncately
rounded at apex; body black, with mandibles, clypeus,
labrum, collar, tegulae, base of wings, and legs, except
infuscations on femora, hind tibiae, and more or less of their
tarsi, white. Length 7 mm convexa

6. Ocellar basin extending to median ocellus 7

Ocellar basin not extending to median ocellus, at most only

indicated adjacent to median ocellus or median fovea.... 17

7. Clypeus black 8

Clypeus white 12

8. Ocellar basin dumb-bell-shaped, constricted to a mere line

at middle, broad and pit-like adjacent to median ocellus;
median fovea an elongate pit; antennal furrows interrupted
on the middle of the front; ocellar and interocellar fur-
rows distinct; clypeus emarginate with a distinct tooth
at middle; third segment of antennae longer than the
fourth; saw-guides with upper margins straight, lower
margins converging, and broadly obliquely rounded at
apex; body black, with labrum, clypeus, collar, tegulae, base
of wings, and legs beyond apices of coxae, white. Length

6 mm callida

Ocellar basin not dumb-bell-shaped, of approximately the
same width throughout 9

9. Clypeus with a broad, convexly rounded median ridge, occu-

pying almost one-third of the width of clypeus; antennal
furrows interrupted on the middle of the front; median
tooth of clypeus distinctly shorter than lateral lobes,
lateral lobes broadly rounded; ocellar furrow linear, in-
terocellar furrow broad and distinct; third segment of
antennae almost as long as fourth and fifth together; saw-
guides convex above and below, slightly obliquely rounded
at apex; body black, with collar, teguljE, front and middle
legs below knees, and hind tibiae beneath, white. Length

6 mm cava

Clypeus with a fine linear median carina; antennal furrows

more or less distinct throughout 10

10. Clypeus tridentate, median tooth as long as lateral angles,
broadly, shallowly emarginate, lateral angles rounded, me-
dian ridge low, not reaching dorsal margin of clypeus;
postocellar area uniformly convex; ocellar and interocellar
furrows distinct; third segment of antennas longer than
fourth; saw-guides slightly convex above, broadly con-
vexly rounded below and at apex to a blunt point above;

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 5 1

body black, with collar, tegulse, legs beyond knees for
the most part, and caudal margin of abdominal segments,

white. Length, 6 mm costata

Clypeus tridentate, median tooth not more than one-fourth
the length of lateral lobes ll

11. Clypeus shallowly, angularly emarginate, almost truncate,

with a small but distinct tooth, lobes angularly rounded;
median fovea a rounded pit opposite dorsal margin of
antennal fovea; front not strongly produced between an-
tennae; ocellar and interocellar furrows deep and distinct;
third segment of antennae slightly longer than fourth;
saw-guides slightly concave above, convex below, broadly
rounded to a blunt point at middle of apex; body black,
with labrum, collar, tegulse, front and middle legs below
apex of femora, and basal third of hind tibiae, white.

Length 6 mm calda

Clypeus distinctly, but shallowly, roundly emarginate with
a minute tooth, lobes acute; median fovea a pit opposite
the middle of antennal fovea; front strongly produced be-
tween antennae; ocellar and interocellar furrows distinct;
third and fourth segments of antennae subequal; body
black, with collar and tegulae white; front and middle legs
beyond the basal third of their femora, and hind legs be-
yond the apical fourth of their femora, yellowish infus-
cated. Length 6 mm cata

12. Ocellar basin extending beyond median fovea to the middle

of antennal fovea; supraclypeal area elevated; median fovea
but little deeper than ocellar basin; front strongly pro-
duced between antennae; ocellar furrow only faintly indi-
cated; interocellar furrow distinct; clypeus deeply roundly
emarginate, with a minute tooth at middle, and lobes
angular; third segment of antennas longer than fourth;
saw-guides convex above, straight below, and broadly
rounded at apex; body black, with clypeus, labrum, tegu-
lag, collar, and legs beyond coxae, white. Length ^ mm.

caprina
Ocellar basin not extending beyond median fovea to the
middle of antennal fovea 13

13. Clypeus broadly, shallowly, roundly emarginate 14

Clypeus narrowly, deeply emarginate IS

14. Ocellar basin narrow and linear, ending ventrally in a pit-

like median fovea, but little if any wider than ocellar basin;
clypeus with a low, broadly rounded tooth at middle,
lobes rounded; ocellar and interocellar furrows distinct;
third segment of antennae longer than fourth; saw-
guides gradually converging on upper and lower margins,
and broadly roundly pointed at apex; body black, with

52 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

margin of clypeus, labrum, line on collar, tegulae, front
and middle legs below coxae, except infuscation on the
middle of femora, hind trochanters, tip of hind femora,
base of hind tibiae, and base of their tarsi, white. Length

7-5 mm casta

Ocellar basin rather broad, broader near the median fovea;
median fovea a broad crater, much wider than the ocellar
basin; clypeus with a low broad tooth at middle, lobes
broadly rounded; ocellar furrow indicated, interocellar fur-
row broad and distinct; the third segment of antennae dis-
tinctly longer than fourth; saw-guides convex above,
straight and converging to the roundly truncated apex;
body black, with clypeus, labrum, collar, tegulse, trochan-
ters, front legs below the middle of femora, middle and
hind legs beyond knees, apex of hind tibiae and hind
tarsi, more or less infuscated, white. Length 7 mm.

celebrata

15. Clypeus with a low, broadly rounded tooth at middle 16

Clypeus with a small, acutely pointed tooth; ocellar basin

broad with sloping sides, ending ventrally in a large me-
dian fovea with broadly sloping sides; ocellar and inter-
ocellar furrows distinct; third segment of antennae longer
than fourth; saw-guides convex above and below, broadly
convexly rounded at apex, extreme apex truncate for a
very short distance; body black, with clypeus, labrum,
collar, tegulae, and legs below knees, white. Length 6 mm.

captiosa

16. Supraclypeal area narrow and carinately elevated; clypeus

angularly emarginate with broadly rounded lobes and with
a broadly rounded median tooth; median fovea an elongate
pit with flaring sides at the ventral end of ocellar basin;
ocellar furrow indicated, interocellar furrow distinct; third
segment of antennae distinctly longer than fourth; saw-
guides parallel above and below and truncately rounded
at apex; body black, with clypeus, labrum, tegulae, and collar
narrowly white; legs more or less infuscated. Length

6 mm caeca

Supraclypeal area rather broad and only convexly elevated;
clypeus deeply, narrowly, angularly emarginate to near
the middle of clypeus; lobes roundly pointed; clypeal tooth
small but distinct; ocellar and interocellar furrows
distinct; a depressed area in front of median ocel-
lus; third segment of antennae distinctly longer than
fourth; saw-guides with upper and lower margins parallel
and broadly truncately rounded at apex; body black, with
clypeus, labrum, collar, tegulae, front and middle legs be-
yond the apices of coxae, bases of their femora, more or

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 53

less infuscated; hind trochanters, tibiae and tarsi, some-
times infuscated, white. Length 7 mm maculata

17. Clypeus black, heavily punctate 18

Clypeus white, smooth or finely punctate 22

18. Clypeus distinctly emarginate 19

Clypeus truncate; antennal furrows adjacent to antennal

fovea well marked; ocellar furrow linear, distinct; inter-
ocellar furrow broad and deep; third segment of antennae
distinctly longer than fourth; saw-guides convex above,
convex below, broadly converging to a blunt point just
above the middle of apex; body black, with front and mid-
dle legs below the middle of femora, and base of tibiae,
ringed with white. Length 7 mm cauduca

19. Interocellar furrow extending each side of median ocellus,

forming an inverted Y-shaped furrow 20

Interocellar furrow extending only to inedian ocellus, form-
ing only the stem of the Y; median fovea a rounded scar;
clypeus with median tooth almost as long as lateral lobes,
all angular, appearing tridentate; ocellar and interocellar
furrows linear, deep; third and fourth segments of anten-
nas subequal; saw-guides convex above and below and
slightly obliquely rounded at apex, the lower angle more
rounded than the upper; body black, with collar, tegulae,
front and middle femora beneath at apex, front tibiae, mid-
dle tibiae beneath, and a ring at the base of the hind tibiae,
white. Length 6 mm ■ castigata

20. Median fovea a rounded depression 21

Median fovea a wedge-shaped depression; clypeus with tooth

and lobes pointed; ocellar furrow faint; interocellar fur-
row distinct; postocellar area with a median furrow;
antennae with third and fourth segments subequal; body
black, with collar, tegulae, apical half of front and middle
femora, their tibiae, and knees of hind legs, all more or

less infuscated, white. Length 6 mm casca

21. Median fovea a minute pin-hole pit; front flat adjacent to the
fovea; clypeus with a small median tooth and lateral lobes
broadly rounded; ocellar and interocellar furrows deep
and distinct; third segment of antennae slightly longer
than fourth; saw-guides straight above, and the lower
margin and apex broadly obliquely rounded to a point
at the apex above; body black, with collar and tegulae
white; legs beyond the middle of femora brownish infus-
cated. Length 6 mm igptiota

Median fovea a broad pit with flaring sides; clypeus with a
fine, median carina, median tooth short, lateral lobes
broadly angular; ocellar furrow linear, interocellar fur-

54 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. ' [BuU.

row broad; saw-guides convex above, and broadly convexly
rounded below and at apex to a blunt point; body black,
with a line on collar, apex of front and middle femora,
their tibiae, and basal third of hind tibiae, white. Length
6 mm evecta

22. Clypeus broadly, shallowly emarginate 23

Clypeus narrowly, deeply einarginate, with a small median

tooth and carina, lobes broadly angular; median fovea
of moderate size, with perpendicular sides, except in front,
strongly flaring; a triangular-shaped pit in front of median
ocellus; ocellar furrow fine, interocellar furrow broad;
saw-guides straight above, straight below, and converging
to apex, apex with angles broadly rounded and square at
middle; body black, with clypeus, labrum, collar, tegulse,
and legs below knees, tibiae and tarsi, more or less infus-
cated, white. Length 6 mm candidula

23. Postocellar area longitudinally carinate at middle; clypeus

broadly emarginate; ocellar furrow faint or wanting, inter-
ocellar furrow distinct; third segment of antennae nearly
as long as fourth and fifth together; saw-guides convex
above and below, convexly and slightly obliquely trun-
cately rounded at apex; body black, with clypeus, labrum,
collar, tegulae, front and middle legs below coxae, femora
more or less infuscated, hind trochanters, and a ring on

the base of hind tibiae, white. Length 6 mm canora

Postocellar area flat, not carinate at middle 24

24. Clypeus angularly emarginate with lobes angular; median

fovea a pin-hole pit; ocellar and interocellar furrows
faint; third segment of antennae longer than fourth; saw-
guides convex above and oblique below, roundly truncated
at apex; body black, with clypeus, labrum, collar, tegulae,
front and middle trochanters, and hind tibiae and tarsi,

white. Length 6 mm cauta

Clypeus roundly emarginate with lobes broadly rounded at
apex; median fovea a pin-hole pit; ocellar furrow faint, in-
terocellar furrow distinct; third segment of antennae
slightly longer than fourth; saw-guides straight above,
convex below, truncately rounded at apex; body black,
with clypeus, labrum, collar, tegulae, front and middle legs
below coxae, hind trochanters, and basal third of hind tibiae,
white. Length 7 mm cariosa

°E. cavata MacGillivray.

°E. callosa MacGillivray.

°E. caetrata MacGillivray.

°E. celsa MacGillivray.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 55

°E. convexa (MacGillivray).
°E. callida MacGillivray.
°E. cava iNIacGillivray.

*E. costata MacGillivray. I^^ew Haven, ii May, 191 1 (B.
H. W.).

E. calda MacGillivray. New Haven, 15 May, 1905 (B.
H. W.). .

°E. cata MacGillivray.
°E. caprina MacGillivray.
°E. casta MacGillivray.
°E. celebrata MacGillivray.
°E, captiosa MacGillivray.
°E. caeca MacGillivray.

E. maculata (Norton). Harpiphorns maculatus Norton.

Larva feeds on strawberry. Connecticut (E. N.) ; Hartford, 12

May, 1894; Mt. Carmel, 24 May, 1906, Westville, 2 June, 1908,

Yalesville, 26 May, 1908, New Haven, 22 May, 1908 (B. H. W.).

°E. cauduca MacGillivray.

°E. castigata MacGillivray.

E. casca MacGillivray. New Haven, 24 May, 1905 (W.
E. B.).

E. ignota (Norton). Monostegia ignota Norton. Larva
feeds on strawberry. Connecticut (E. N.).

E. evecta MacGillivray. New Haven, 24 May, 1905 (W.
E. B.).

E. candidula MacGillivray. Waterbury, 9 June, 1905 (W.
E. B.).

°E. canora MacGillivray.
°E. cauta MacGillivray.

E. cariosa MacGillivray. Hamden, 25 May, 191 1 (B. H.
W.).

Emphytus Klug.
Key to Species.
I. Head with the antennal furrow at most only faintly indi-
cated; collar white 2

56 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Head with a distinct antennal furrow extending from the cly-
peus to the occiput; collar black 3

2. Abdomen with venter white or rufous; body black, with the

following parts white: clypeus, labrum, collar, tegulae,
a spot on pleurae, last dorsal abdominal segment, and legs
except the posterior tarsi; tergum of abdomen black, with
a median broad triangular rufous spot on each seg-
ment, the spots frequently united, forming an irregular
band; antennae with third and fourth segments subequal;
median fovea an elongate, shallow groove; ocellar basin

wanting. Length 7 mm apertus

Abdomen with venter black; body black, with the following
parts white: fine line on collar, tegulae sometimes, an
interrogation-shaped point on pleurae (soinetimes want-
ing), and legs, except middle and posterior tarsi in female
and posterior tibiae and tarsi in male; antennae with third
segment longer than fourth; median fovea a broadly ex-
panding pit just above supraclypeal area; ocellar basin
wanting. Length 8 mm inomatus

3. Femora wholly rufous; body black, with the following parts

white : labrum usually, tegulae, apices of coxae, trochanters,
and. fourth abdominal segment in female for the greater
part; legs, except the parts named, rufous; antennae with
. third and fourth segments subequal; ocellar basin an elon-
gate depressed area extending from anterior ocellus to
supraclypeal area, angular above, broadly roundly ex-
panded along the sides, and pointed below, with median
fovea at its apex; ocellar furrow distinct, connected with
ocellar basin, indicated by a minute notch; saw-guides with
upper margins straight and lower margins broadly convexly

rounded to a point at apex. Length 8-10 mm mellipes

Femora of anterior and middle legs at least in great part
black 4

4. Femora all in great part black; body black, with the following

parts white: tegulae, costa at base, posterior trochanters,
anterior and middle femora at apex in front, basal fourth
of tibiae, and fourth abdominal segment ni female; legs,
with coxae and anterior and middle trochanters black, all
the other parts not named, rufous; antennae with third seg-
ment longer than fourth, and fourth and fifth subequal;
median fovea a broad pit just above supraclypeal area;
ocellar basin an ovate depressed area separated from the
median fovea by a distinct transverse ridge and extending
for some distance behind the lateral ocelli as a fine groove;
ocellar furrow wanting; saw-guides convex above and
broadly convexly rounded below, and extending to a

bluntly rounded point at apex above. Length 8 mm

cinctipes

No. 22.1 HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 57

Femora all in great part black except the posterior pair;
body black, with the following parts white: tegulae, tro-
chanters, femora at apex in front, anterior tibiae and tarsi,
knees of the middle and posterior tibije, a spot on the mid-
dle of basal plates, and an interrupted band on fourth
abdominal segment; legs, with coxae black, all other parts
not named, rufous; antennae with third, fourth, and fifth
segments subequal; ocellar basin a broad shallow depres-
sion extending from above anterior ocellus to supraclypeal
area and not interrupted at middle; median fovea a rounded
pit in lower part of ocellar basin; interocellar furrow a
fine furrow connecting ocellar basin and ocellar furrow;
saw-guides with upper and lower margins straight,
obliquely truncate, and roundly pointed at apex. Length
7-9 mm gillettii

*E. apertus Norton. Connecticut (E. N.) ; Putnam, 12 July
1905 (H. L. V.) ; Thompson (A. P. Morse).

E. inornatus Say. Connecticut (E. N.) ; Putnam, 12 July,
1905, Hartford, 20 May, 1904 (H. L. V.) ; New Haven, 19 July,
1905 (B. H. W.) ; Wallingford, 7 June, 1910 (W. E. B.).

*E. mellipes Norton. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv, Fig. 3.
Connecticut (E. N.) ; New Haven, 24 May, 1905 (W. E. B.),
4 July, 1905 (H. L.V.).

E. cinctipes Norton. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv, Fig. 8.
Larva feeds upon rose. Connecticut (E. N.).

E. gillettii MacGillivray. Larva feeds on strawberry.

Parataxonus MacGillivray.

P. multicolor (Norton). Taxonus multicolor Norton.

Black, with the following parts yellowish white: clypeus,
labrum, a spot in front and between the bases of antennae, posterior
and inner orbits, tegulse, collar, an oblique band or spot on
pleurae, and legs ; abdomen with a row of elongate, ovate, reddish
yellow spots on each side of meson, in some individuals becoming
so prominent as to cover the entire abdomen except a trapezoidal
or triangular black spot on the middle of each segment ; median
fovpa and ocellar basin continuous. Length 7-8 mm. Larva
feeds on white and yellow birch,

Hamden, 14 June, 191 1 (B. H. W.) ; New Haven, 26 May,
1911 (A. B. C).

S8 CONNECTICUt GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Polytaxonus MacGillivray.
°P. robustus (Provancher). Taxonus robustus Provancher.
Black, with the following parts white: labrum, mandibles,
collar, tegulge, apices of coxae, costa, and apical two-thirds of
stigma ; with the following parts rufous : legs, except coxse, tarsi,
and apex of posterior tibiae, and a band covering abdominal
segments two to five; median fovea large, distinct, extending
nearly to median ocellus, ocellar basin not depressed; third seg-
ment of antennae very slightly longer than fourth. Length 8 mm.

Eriocampa Hartig.
*E. rotunda (Norton). Sciapteryx rotundus Norton.
Black, with legs, except coxae and apices of middle and pos-
terior femora and posterior tibiae and tarsi, yellowish; head and
thorax strongly punctate ; frontal area prominent ; third segment
of antennae almost as long as fourth and fifth together; wings
hyaline with an indistinct fascia beneath stigma.
Farmington (E. N.).

Pseudosiobla Ashmead.
°P. excavata (Norton). Siobia excavata Norton.
Tegulae black ; body black, with the following parts yellow :
first, second, and base of third segment of antennae, collar, a
quadrangular spot on pronotum below tegulae, cenchri, basal plates,
trochanters, front femora except a dusky spot at base, their
tibiae and tarsi, middle legs beyond the middle of femora, a ring
at the base of the posterior femora, basal two-thirds of tibiae, and
the greater part of the metatarsus ; first abdominal segment yel-
lowish; wings slightly infuscated. Length lo mm. Larva feeds
on button-bush.

°P. robusta (Kirby). Siobia robusta Kirby.
Tegulas rufous ; body black, with the following parts rufous
or yellowish rufous: the first, second, and base of third segment
of antennae, metathorax, basal plates, first abdominal segment, legs
in part, except where marked with black as in preceding species,
and costa and stigma ; labrum, collar, area on pronotum below
tegulae, and tibiae yellow ; wings strongly infuscated. Length
13 mm.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 59

Monosoma MacGillivray.
*M. inferentia (Xorton). Pacilostoma inferentia Norton.

Female rufous, with the following parts black: head except
clypeus and labrum, antenna, metathorax and saw-guides; with
the following parts white : labrum, tegulae, collar, and a fine line
on the apex of each abdominal segment ; third segment of antennse
as long as fourth and fifth together; median fovea and ocellar
basin continuous. Male differs in having head, thorax, and ab-
domen black, and legs dark rufo-fuscous. Length 8 mm. Larva
feeds on alder.

Farmington (E. N.).

Macremphytus MacGillivray.

Key to Species.

1. Antennae either black or rufous at base and white at apex,

or entirely black 2

Antennae with four basal segments rufous and five apical seg-
ments black; body in female rufous, with the following
parts white : labrum, apices of coxae, trochanters, a band at
the base of tibiae, metatarsi in part, and basal half of
stigma; with the following parts black: five apical seg-
ments of antennae, antennal furrow and ocellar basin,
lateral portion in part and ventral portion of prothorax,
lateral lobes of mesonotum, metathorax in part, coxae, basal
half of anterior and middle femora, the posterior femora,
and the apex of posterior tibiae; antennae with third seg-
ment longer than fourth, fourth and fifth subequal; head
with the ridges forming the side of ocellar basin parallel,
and with the area between lateral ocelli distinctly depress-
ed; postocellar area without a furrow; saw-guides straight
above and gradually sloping toward the apex where they
are obliquely rounded to a point above. Male differs in
having the greater part of head and thorax black and the
greater part of legs beyond coxae white or rufous. Length,
8-10 mm semicomis

2. Antennal furrow not as deep opposite the anterior ocellus as

elsewhere, and with a supernumerary furrow extending

obliquely from the antennal furrow toward the eye 3

Antennal furrow of the same depth throughout and with-
out an oblique supernumerary furrow 4

3. Thorax in great part black with rufous markings; head with

the raised area between lateral ocelli flat and broken at
center by a line-like furrow; ocellar furrow distinct; ocel-

6o CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull,.

lar basin shallow, not well defined except near anterior
ocellus, where the raised ridges are marked by a flat angu-
lar ridge extending back of anterior ocellus, forming the
apex of a triangle; antennae with third and fourth seg-
ments subequal, fifth shorter; saw-guides narrow, gradually-
sloping to the apex above and convexly below tio a
rounded point; body rufous, with the following parts white:
antennal segments six to nine, labrum, tegulae, basal half
of stigma, trochanters, and tarsi; with the following parts
black: antennal segments three to five, vertex and front in
great part, clypeus, thorax except scutellum, basal plates,
coxae, and apical half of posterior femora. Length lo mm.

versicolor
Thorax in great part rufous with black markings; head with
the raised area between lateral ocelli flat and broken at
center by a line-like furrow; ocellar furrow distinct; ocel-
lar basin shallow, but with distinct walls, especially heavy
near anterior ocellus, and only faintly marked by the
shelf extending around anterior ocellus; antennae with third
segment slightly longer than fourth and fourth slightly
longer than fifth; saw-guides broad, slightly sloping above,
the lower margin sloping and rounded abruptly, obliquely
truncated at apex; body rufous, with the following parts
white: antennal segments six to nine, labrum, teguhe,
apices of coxae, trochanters, and tarsi; with the following
parts black: antennal segments four and five, postocellar
area, prothorax except collar, lateral lobes of mesonotum,
pectus broadly, coxae, apex of middle and posterior tibiae,

and apex of saw-guides. Length 14 mm testaceus

4. Body color in general rufous; area between posterior ocelli
divided by a deep, angular furrow; ocellar furrow wanting
or indistinct; ocellar basin deep with heavy walls, walls
converging at middle, constricting the ocellar basin, furrow
extending around the anterior ocellus with rounded sides
and somewhat indistinct; antennae with segments broad
and flat, third and fourth subequal and very slightly longer
than fifth; saw-guides with the upper and lower margins
slightly converging, obliquely truncated at apex, and
bluntly rounded to a point above; body with the following
parts white: antennal segments six to nine, labrum, tegulae,
scutellum, trochanters, base of posterior femora, and tarsi;
with the following parts black: antennal segments four and
five, postocellar area, thorax except the parts named and
median lobe of mesonotum, bases of the anterior and
middle femora, apical half of the posterior femora, and
apex of posterior tibiae. Length 10-15 mJTi varianus

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 6l

Body color in general black; area between posterior ocelli
divided by a deep angular furrow; ocellar furrow distinct;
ocellar basin deep with heavy walls and almost straight,
the furrow extending around anterior ocellus with the
sides angular and sharply defined; antennae with segments
broad, segments three to five subequal in length; saw-
guides with the upper margin straight and the lower margin
convexly sloping to a point at apex above; body black, with
the following parts white: antennal segments six to nine,
labrum, trochanters, anterior and middle tibiae, base of
posterior tibiae, and tarsi. Length 14-16 mm. tarsatus

M. semicornis (Say). Connecticut (E. N.).
°M. versicolor (Norton), Larva feeds on Cornus.
°M. testaceus Norton.

*M. varianus (Norton). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii,
Fig. 10. Larva feeds on Cornus. Farmington (E .N.).

M. tarsatus (Say). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii. Fig. 6.
Larva feeds on Cornus. Connecticut (E. N.).

Strongylogastroidea Ashmead.

Key to Species.

1. Antennae in part pale 2

Antennae entirely black 9

2. Antennae pale at apex and frequently also at base 3

Antennae pale at base only 8

3. Head in great part pale 4

Head in great part black 7

4. Posterior femora black; antennae black at base; body black,

with the following parts white: clypeus, labrum, four apical
segments of antennae, tegulae, a very narrow line on collar,
posterior coxas in great part, trochanters, and scutellum;
with the following parts rufous: head with the exception
of ocellar and postocellar areas and lower half of antennal
furrow, prothorax at sides, median lobe of mesonotum, an
irregular spot on rfiesopleuras, abdomen except saw-guides,
front and middle legs beyond middle of femora, and poste-
rior tibiae and tarsi; anterior ocellus situated in front of a
distinct angular diverging ridge; saw-guides with the upper
margin straight, the lower margin semi-straight, rounded,
and obliquely truncate and pointed at apex. Length 11 mm.

spiculata
Posterior femora rufous, at most only with a ring at apex;
antennae usually rufous at base S

62 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

5. Mesonotum with median lobe rufous 6

Mesonotum with median lobe black; body in female rufous,
with the following parts white: clypeus, labrum, antennal
segments six to nine, a narrow line on collar, the V-spot of
the mesonotum, a spot beneath anterior wings, scutellum,
postscutellum; coxae and trochanters white, shading to
rufous; with the following parts black: postocellar area, an
irregular spot at base of clypeus, ventral part of prothorax,
mesothorax except parts named and a large spot on pleurae,
and metathorax; saw-guides with their upper and lower
margins subparallel, slightly convex, and rounded, squarely
truncate at apex. Male has basal segments of antennae
rufous above and pleurae almost entirely rufous. Length
1 1 mm jmellosa

6. Female with saw-guides concave above, convex below, and

the apex almost squarely truncate; body rufous with the
following parts white: narrow line on collar, scutellum,
postscutellum, apices of coxae, and trochanters; with the
following parts black: spot surrounding ocelli, a small
spot on the middle of postocellar area, lateral lobes of
mesonotum, prothorax in great part, pectus, and bases of

coxae ( confusa

Female with saw-guides straight or slightly convex above,
convex below, and gradually rounded to a blunt point at
apex; body rufous, with the following parts white: clypeus,
labrum, antennal segments six to nine, usually a fine line on
collar, scutellum, and postscutellum; with the following
parts black: antennal segments four to six, postocellar area
sometimes, lateral lobes of mesonotum, metathorax, ven-
tral part of prothorax, pectus, coxae, trochanters in part,
saw-guides, and a ring on the apex of posterior femora;
amount of black extremely variable, in some specimens
entire head, metathorax, prothorax, and entire legs rufous
with black lines on sutures. Length iimm terminalis

7. Eyes in great part margined with white; body in female

black, with the following parts white: clypeus, labrum,
antennal segments six to nine, outer orbits, inner orbits,
genae, supraclypeal area, posterior margin of head, tegulae,
collar, V-spot, a spot beneath each wing, a line or spot on
pleurae, scutellum and postscutellum, coxae at side, and
trochanters; the following parts rufous: abdomen including
basal plates, and legs beyond trochanters; third segment
of antennae longer than fourth; saw-guides with the upper
and lower margins parallel and broadly truncately rounded
at apex., Male diflfers only in having the white more pro-
nounced on center of thorax. Length 11 mm pallidicomis

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 63

Eyes never margined with white; body in female black, with
the following parts white: antennal segments six to nine,
clypeus, labrum, a fine line sometimes on collar, scutellum
and postscutellum, apices of coxae, and trochanters; with
the following parts rufous: tegulse, wings at base, abdomen
including basal plates, and legs beyond trochanters except
a ring on the apex of posterior femora; third segment
of antennae longer than fourth; saw-guides with the upper
margin straight, lower margin convex, and squarely trun-
cated at apex; normal individuals have head entirely black,
except as specified above, but many specimens have more
or less rufous on the head, and in some individuals head is
almost entirely rufous. Male differs only in having apex
of abdomen washed with black. Length g-ii mm apicalis

8. Pleurae entirely black; body in female black, with the follow-

ing parts rufous: clypeus, labrum, three or four basal seg-
ments of antennae, collar, teguls, basal portion of wings,
legs beyond apices of trochanters, and abdomen beyond
basal plates; third segment of antennas longer than fourth;
saw-guides convex above and below and obliquely rounded
to a point at apex above. Male differs in having labrum,
clypeus, collar, tegulse, and bases of legs whitish, and apex
of the abdomen infuscated with black. Length 9 mm., .epicera
Pleurae entirely rufous; body black, with the following parts
white: clypeus, labrum, antennal segments one and two,
tegulae, scutellum, costa, coxae, and trochanters; with the
following parts rufous: prothorax, mesopleurae, metapleurae
in part, abdomen, and legs beyond trochanters except a
ring on the apex of posterior femora; third segment of
antennae as long as fourth and fifth together; saw-guides
straight above, convex below, and obliquely roundly trun-
cated at apex. Length 9 mm pallipes

9. Coxae entirely white 10

Coxae entirely black except sometimes at apex; antennas with

second segment distinctly longer than broad; body black,
with the following parts rufous : labrum, tegulas, base of
wings, legs beyond coxae except posterior tarsi, and abdom-
inal segments two to five; third segment of antennae longer
than fourth; mesopleurae densely, finely punctate; saw-
guides with the upper and lower margins parallel and

roundly truncated at apex. Length 10 mm rufocincta

10. Scutellum black; body black, with the following parts white:
clypeus, labrum, a fine line on collar, tegulae, coxae, tro-
chanters, costa, and base of stigma; with the following
parts rufous: legs beyond trochanters except a ring on the
apex of posterior femora and posterior tarsi, and abdominal
segments two, three, and four; third segment of antennas

64 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

longer than fourth; saw-guides with the upper and lower
margins parallel and obliquely rounded to a point at the

apex above. Length 8 mm unicincta

Scutellum white; body black, with the following parts white:
clypeus, labrum, collar in great part, postscutellum, coxae,
and trochanters; with the following parts rufous: legs
beyond trochanters, and abdomen beyond basal plates ex-
cept saw-guides; third segment of antennae nearly as long
as fourth and fifth together; saw-guides with the upper
and lower margins parallel and obliquely truncated at
apex. Length 9 mm proxima

°S. spiculata MacGillivray.

S. mellosa (Norton). Strongylogaster mellosus Norton.
Connecticut (E. N.) ; New Haven, i June, 1911, 30 May, 1911,
Lyme, 20 Aug., 1910 (B. H. W.).

°S. confusa MacGillivray.

S. terminalis (Say). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv, Fig. 30.
Connecticut (E. N.) ; New Haven, (A. E. V.) ; New Haven,
17 June, 191 1.

°S. pallidicornis (Norton).

S. apicalis (Say). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xii, Fig. 11.
Larva feeds on Rubus. Connecticut (E. N.) ; Farmington (H. L.
V.) ; Westville, 2 June, 1908 ; New Haven (A. E. V.) ; 3 June,
1908 (B. H. W.) ; Middlebury, 26 May, 191 1 (W. E. B.).

S. epicera (Say). Connecticut (E. N.).

°S. pallipes (Say).

*S. rufocincta (Norton). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv. Fig.
26. Connecticut (E. N.) ; Torrington, 7 July, 1905, Prospect,
15 August, 1906 (W. E. B.) ; New Haven, 26 May, 1904 (H.
L. v.), 12 July, 1905 (B. H. W.).

*S. unicincta (Norton). Taxonus unicinctus "bJovton. Farm-
ington (E. N.).

°S. proxima (Provancher). Strongylogaster proximus Prov-
ancher.

Dimorphopteryx Ashmead.

*D. pinguis (Norton). Strongylogaster pinguis Norton.
Body in female black, with the following parts rufous:
clypeus, labrum sometimes, tegulae, scutellum and postscutel-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 65

lum (sometimes white), legs beyond apices of coxae except a
ring on apices of posterior femora and tibiae, and abdominal
segments one to four, with sometimes a spot on the disk of
fifth; antennae varying from yellow to rufous and black; third
segment almost twice as long as fourth ; segments beyond third
distinctly serrate; head and thorax deeply, closely punctate;
saw-guides with upper and lower margins parallel and oblique-
ly roundly truncated at apex. Male differs in having scutellum
and postscutellum black and entire abdomen beyond basal
plates rufous or infuscated and almost entirely black. Length
9-1 1 mm. Larva feeds on birch, basswood, Amelanchier, and
maple.

Connecticut (E. N.), A larva feeding upon sweet cherry at
New Haven was identified as this species by Dyar. The same
species was received from Harwinton, i6 August, 1902. New
Britain, 4 August, 1906 (W. E. B.).

Selandriin^
Key to Genera.

1. Front wings with first abscissa of Cui distinctly longer than

free part of M*; costa dilated at apex 2

Front wings with first abscissa of Cui subequal in length to
free part of M4; costa not dilated at apex 4

2. Claws simple, without a tooth at base; front wings with media

strongly angularly bent at base %. .Selandria p. 66

Claws with a minute erect tooth at base; front wings with
media not strongly angularly bent at base 3

3. First anal cell of hind wings closed at wing margin and there-

fore distinctly longer than the cell in front of it; front
wings with media coalescing with radial sector for a short

distance Polyselandria p. 66

First anal cell of hind wings distinctly petiolate and there-
fore shorter than the cell in front of it; front wings with
media separating from radius distinctly before origin of
radial sector Pseudoselandria p. 66

4. Claws strongly appendiculately dentate Stromboceros

Claws not appendiculately dentate 5

5. Claws with a minute erect tooth at base Thrinax p. 67

Claws strongly bifurcate at apex Strongylogaster p. 67

66 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Selandria Leach.
*S. flavipes Norton.

Black, with tegulae, collar, and legs beyond the apices of
coxae yellowish-white ; third segment of antennae longer than
fourth ; ocellar basin and median fovea distinct and not connected ;
tergum of abdomen sometimes reddish; wings yellowish hyaline.
Length 5-7 mm. Larva feeds on Pteris aquilina.

Connecticut (E. N.) ; New Haven, 27 July, 1904 (P. L. B.),
4 July, 1905 (H. L. v.), 31 July, 1910 (B. H. W.) ; Branford, 28
July, 1905, Thompson, 11 July 1905 (H. L. V.); Orange, 21
May, 1911 (A. B. C).

Polyselandria MacGillivray.

°P. decolorata (Cresson).

Pleurse wholly shining black ; body black, with tegulse, collar,
labrum, and legs beyond apices of the coxae yellowish white ; third
segment of the antenna a little longer than the fourth ; wings
usually strongly infuscated on the basal two-thirds; ocellar basin
and median fovea distinct ; tergum of the abdomen usually rufous,
sometimes entirely black. Length 5-7 mm.

°P. floridana (MacGillivray).

Pleurje shining black with a large, round, yellowish white
spot at middle ; body black, with clypeus, labrum, tegulse, collar,
and legs beyond'the coxae yellowish white; posterior tarsi infus-
cated at apex; third segment of the antennas very slightly longer
than the fourth ; wings strongly infuscated. Length 5 mm.

Pseudoselandria MacGillivray.

°P. oxalata MacGillivray.

Black, with the following parts whitish: two basal segments
of the antennas, the labrum, the clypeus, the collar broadly, the
tegulse, the upper half or more of the pleurae, the legs, the wings
at base, and the abdomen except the saw-guides ; median fovea
deep, ovate, transverse; ocellar basin distinct; third segment of
the antennse as long as the fourth and fifth together; wings hya-
line, with the apex of the radius strongly dilated and black.
Length 7 mm.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 67

Thrinax Konow.

T. ' impressatus (Provancher). Strongylogaster impressatus
Provancher.

Black, with the following parts rufous ; the tegulse, a triangular
spot on the collar, the legs beyond the apices of the coxae, the
costa, and the basal third of the stigma, the disk of abdominal
segments two, three, and four, wholly or in part, or with the
apical half of the first and all of the three following segments;
median fovea large, transverse, ovate ; ocellar basin indistinct
except adjacent to the anterior ocellus. Length 7-10 mm.

New Haven (B. H. W.).

Strongylogaster Dahlbom.

Key to Species.

1. Antennae dark rufous, with the basal segments red; body-

black, with the following parts rufous: upper half of orbits,
middle of the pleurae, abdomen, and legs in part; with fol-
lowing parts yellow: spot between and beneath the anten-
nre, lower half of the orbits, labrum, clypeus, collar, scutel-
lum, and a spot at the base of coxae; wings infuscated at

middle. Length 'lo mm rufescens

Antennas entirely black 2

2. Thorax except collar and tegulae rufous, abdomen rufous

in female and black in male; remainder of body black;
third and fourth segments of antennae subequal; median
fovea and ocellar basin wanting; head densely punctate;

wings strongly infuscated. Length 8 mm unicus

Thorax either entirely black, or black with collar and teg-
ulae pale 3

3. Abdomen entirely pale beyond first segment 4

Abdomen entirely or in part black beyond first segment 5

4. Tegulas and collar black; body and legs black, with abdomen

and anterior tibiae rufous; wings strongly infuscated; third
and fourth segments of antennae subequal; median fovea
indistinct; ocellar basin narrow, trough-like; head deeply,

sparsely punctate. Length 7-8 mm tacitus

Tegulae and large spot on collar yellow; body black, with
abdomen beyond first segment and legs brownish; wings
hyaline, costa and stigma in great part brownish; third
and fourth segments of antennae subequal; head finely,
sparsely punctate. Length 9 mm longulus

5. Abdomen with basal half of each segment straw-yellow and

apical half black; wings hyaline, stigma and costa pale;
antennas with third segment longer than fourth; head

68 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

coarsely punctate; legs black, with tips of femora, tibiae,

and tarsi pale reddish. Length 9 mm multicinctus

Abdomen never with basal half of each segment pale and

apical half black 6

6. Abdomen with basal half of segments black and apical half
whitish; antennae with third and fourth segments subequal;
head rough, and densely finely punctate; body black, with
tegulae, a broad spot on collar, and legs beyond apices of
femora, except apices of tarsi, yellowish white; wings hya-
line, costa and apex of stigma pale; median fovea and ocel-

lar basin fairly distinct. Length lo-ii mm annulosus

Abdomen either entirely black, or abdominal segments with
a narrow pale line; antennae with third and fourth segments
subequal; head very finely punctate; body black, with tegu-
lae, collar, labrum, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi, and
basal half of posterior tarsi, yellowish white; coxae, tro-
chanters, and femur rufous, remainder of legs black; me-
dian fovea and ocellar basin distinct. Length 10 mm. . .politus

°S. rufescens Norton.

°S. unicus Norton.

S. tacitus Say. Connecticut (E. N.) ; Cheshire, 8 July,
1904, Thompson, 11 July, 1904 (H. L. V. ); New Haven, 9
June, 1905, 31 July, 1910 (B. H. W.), 28 July, 1911 (A. B.
C.).; Hamden, 25 May, 191 1, Lyme, 29 May, 1910 (A. B. C).

°S. longulus Norton.

°S. multicinctus Norton.

°S. annulosus Norton. Larva feeds on Pteris aquilina.

°S. politus Provancher.

DOLERINAE.

Key to Genera.

Genae broad, their width as great as the length of first
segment of antennae, eyes therefore distant from base of
mandibles; eyes round or short oval in outline, inner
margin always convex Dolerus p. 69

Genae narrow, their width distinctly less than the length
of first segment of antennae, eyes therefore adjacent to
base of mandibles; eyes elongate and emarginate on their
inner margin Loderus p. 76

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 69

Dolerus Jurine.
Key to Species.

1. Surface of apex of scutellum entirely smooth 2

Surface of apex of scutellum wholly or in part punctate or

striate 14

2. Mesonotum with median lobe either finely punctate or almost

impunctate at middle, and with large, coarse punctures or

rugosities at sides 3

Mesonotum with median lobe uniformly punctate at middle
and at sides, at least never with a band of large punctures
on each side li

3. Pectus with three longitudinal rows of punctures that are

distinctly larger than the adjacent punctures 4

Pectus not with three rows of larger punctures; if any of the
punctures are larger than others, then not arranged in rows lO

4. Vertical furrow with its lateral margin continued as an ele-

vated area to upper corner of eye 5

Vertical furrow with its lateral margin not extended as an
elevated area below lateral ocelli 7

5. Head with a distinct carina between posterior orbits and

occiput; postocellar area and upper orbits uniformly punc-
tate; median lobe of mesonotum more densely punctate
than lateral lobes; lateral lobes and the scutellum uni-
formly punctate; body dull black; wings fuliginous.

Length 10-12 mm sericeus

Head not with a distinct carina between posterior orbits
and occiput; postocellar area with fewer, smaller punc-
tures than upper orbits 6

6. Scutellum and inflexed and dorsal portions of lateral lobes

of mesonotum with the punctuation similar in size and
arrangement; vertical furrows distinct and sharply cut,
with an impunctate area on the posterior orbits; median
lobe of mesonotum more densely punctate than lateral
lobes; body dull black; wings infuscated, especially around

the margins. Length 10 mm parasericeus

Scutellum and inflexed portion of mesonotum with punc-
tuation larger and distinctly denser than on dorsal surface;
vertical furrows distant and sharply cut, with an impunc-
tate area on upper orbits; median lobe of mesonotum
distinctly more densely punctate than lateral lobes; body
dull black; wings fuliginous. Length 12 mm neosericeus

7. Punctures on scutellum more sparse and twice as large

as those of lateral lobes of mesonotum; vertical furrows
deep with sloping sides; postocellar area more finely punc-
tate than posterior orbits; head with a carina between occi-

70 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

put and posterior orbits; body dull black; wings infus-

cated. Length ii mm polysericeus

Punctures on scutellum similar in size and arrangement to
those of lateral lobes of mesonotum 8

8. Vertical furrows obsolete; mesonotum with impunctate area
on lateral surface of lateral lobes extending to median
lobes; postocellar area more closely punctate than pos-
terior orbits; posterior orbits not with a ridge extending
from antennal furrow to eye; median lobe of mesonotum
and scutellum more deeply and distinctly punctate than
lateral lobes; wings fuliginous, veins and stigma black;

body black. Length lo mm tectus

Vertical furrows deep and distinct 9

g. Mesonotum with the impunctate area on lateral surface of
lateral lobes not extending to median lobe; postocellar
area and posterior orbits uniformly punctate; posterior
orbits with a fine ridge extending from posterior end of
antennal furrow to eye; median lobe of mesonotum finely,
densely punctate; body uniformly black; wings fuliginous.
Length 14 mm colosericeus

Mesonotum with impunctate area on lateral surface of lat-
eral lobes extending to median lobe; the postocellar area
more finely punctate than posterior orbits; posterior orbits
not with a fine ridge extending from antennal furrow to
eye; median lobe of mesonotum finely, densely punctate;
body uniformly black; wings fuliginous. Length 10 mm.

monosericeus

10. Vertical furrows continued as broad distinct furrows to near

middle of eyes; mesonotum with impunctate area on lateral
surface of lateral lobes not extending to median lobe;
postocellar area with many fine punctures, and posterior
orbits with adjacent large punctures, subrugose; body en-
tirely black, except abdominal segments one to five which
are rufous; wings infuscated on apical half. Length 12

mm apriloides

Vertical furrows not continued below lateral ocelli; mes-
onotum with the impunctate area of lateral surface of lat-
eral lobes extending to median lobe; postocellar area and
posterior orbits finely punctate, postocellar area more
densely; body black, with abdominal segments one to five
rufous; wings hyaline, smoky toward the apex. Length 11
mm neoaprilis

11. Head with a distinct carina between occiput and posterior

orbits 12

Head not with a distinct carina between occiput and posterior
orbits 13

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 7I

12. Mesonotum with median lobe densely punctate and lateral

lobes almost smooth; postocellar area densely, finely punc-
tate, and posterior orbits almost smooth; vertical furrows
sharp and distinctly cut; body black, with collar, tegulae,
abdominal segments one to five, and legs beyond the mid-
dle of coxae, rufous; wings slightly infuscated. Length

8 mm minusculus

Mesonotum with median lobe not more densely punctate
than lateral lobes; postocellar area and posterior orbits
uniformly punctate; body black, with pronotum in front
irregularly, abdominal segments one to four, segment five
at base, apical half of front coxae, front femora and tibise,
middle femora and tibiae, except a black spot above at
apex, and knees in part, rufous; tegulae white; wings hya-
line. Length 8 mm luctatus

13. Mesonotum with the impunctate area of lateral surface of lat-

eral lobes not extending to median lobe; vertical furrows
linear, definite, sharply cut, three times as long as broad;
head with a transverse furrow extending between eyes and
behind ocelli; head uniformly punctate; body black, with
pronotum entirely, median lobe of mesonotum, and upper
half of mesoepimeron, rufous; wings slightly infuscated.

Length 10 mm neocollaris

Mesonotum with the impunctate area of lateral surface
of lateral lobes extending distinctly to median lobe; verti-
cal furrows punctiform, indefinite, as broad as long; head
uniformly, finely punctate; body rufous, with head, anten-
nae, lateral lobes of mesonotum, scutellum at middle, pec-
tus, saw-guides, stigma on its outer half, legs, except
knees of front pair, black; wings infuscated at middle.
Length 9 rnm icterus

14. Surface of apex of scutellum wholly or in part punctate 15

Surface of apex of scutellum wholly or in part striate 16

15. Surface of apex of scutellum uniformly finely punctate; verti-

cal furrows distinct; postocellar area and posterior orbits
uniformly, closely punctate; lateral lobes of mesonotum
more finely and densely punctate than the median lobe or
scutellum; body black, with pronotum, median lobe of
mesonotum, and upper half of pleurae rufous; wings sub-
hyaline, clouded at apex. Length 12 mm refugus

Surface of apex of scutellum longitudinally striate at middle
and punctate at sides; vertical furrows narrow, line-like,
distinct; postocellar area more finely and densely punctate
than posterior orbits; median lobe of mesonotum and
scutellum finely densely punctate, lateral lobes smooth
with distant punctures; body black, with abdominal seg-

72 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

ments one to five rufous; wings yellowish, veins black.
Length 9 mm inspectus

16. Surface of apex of scutellum not striate over its entire sur-

face u 17

Surface of apex of scutellum striate over its entire surface. ... 19

17. Mesonotum with the median lobe with a row of punctures

on each side that are four or five times as large as the
adjacent punctures; postocellar area and posterior orbits
uniformly punctate; sides of antennal furrow behind ocelli
continued as a ridge to eyes; body black, with a nar-
row margin on pronotum, abdominal segments one to four
and the basal half of fifth segment, trochanters in part,
femora, except a black spot at apex above, and knees,

rufous ; wings hyaline. Length 8 mm apricus

Mesonotum with median lobe not with a row of large punc-
tures on each side 18

18. Antennal furrow an elongate, punctiform indentation not ex-

tending below lateral ocelli; postocellar area and posterior
orbits uniformly punctate; mesonotum and scutellum mod-
erately, densely, finely punctate; body rufous, with head,
antennae, lateral lobes of mesonotum, metanotum, scutel-
lum except at sides, postscutellum, pectus, legs, and saw-
guides black; wings fuliginous with clearer lines. Length

1 1 mm bicolor

Antennal furrow extending as a narrow, depressed line from
occiput below lateral ocelli; postocellar area and posterior
orbits with punctures of the same size but closer together
on postocellar area; lateral lobes of mesonotum not so
densely punctate as median lobe or scutellum; body black,
with abdominal segments one to four, and tibiae, at least on
their basal half, rufous. Length 7 mm cohaesus

19. Surface of apex of scutellum longitudinally striate 20

Surface of apex of scutellum transversely striate 24

20. Head viewed from above with a deep transverse furrow,

broadly rounded at bottom, extending from vertical fur-
row to beyond hind angle of eye 21

Head viewed from above not with a deep transverse furrow
extending from vertical furrow to eye, sometimes indicated
for a part of the distance 23

21. Vertical furrows punctiform or wanting; postocellar area

more densely punctate than posterior orbits or region ad-
jacent to vertical furrows; vertex with a small impunctate
area adjacent to vertical furrows; scutellum more densely
punctate than lobes of mesonotum; body black, with pro-
thorax, tegulse, median lobe of mesonotum, and abdominal

segments one to six, rufous. Length 9 mm inspiratus

Vertical furrows linear and distinct 22

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 73

22. Head with postocellar area more densely punctate than

sides of vertex; body black, with median lobe of mesonotum
sometimes knees, and abdominal segments one to five,
rufous; wings hyaline, veins black, stigma paler below.

Length 8 mm conjugatus

Head with the postocellar area and sides of the vertex uni-
formly, finely punctate; body black, with abdominal seg-
ments one to five and basal half of sixth, rufous; wings
hyaline, veins and stigma black. Length lo mm dysporus

23. Mesonotum with impunctate area on sides of lateral lobes

not extending to margin of median lobe; head with a fine
ridge extending from eye obliquely toward occiput; median
lobe of mesonotum more densely punctate than lateral
lobes; body black, with the prothorax, tegulse, and abdom-
inal segments one to five, rufous; wings very slightly in-

fuscated, veins and stigma black. Length 8 mm plesius

Mesonotum with impunctate area on sides of lateral lobes
extending broadly to margin of median lobe; head not
with a fine ridge extending from eye toward occiput;
mesonotum finely, densely punctate; body black, with pro-
thorax, tegulse, median lobe of mesonotum, upper half of
pleurae, and abdomen except saw-guides, rufous; wings
infuscated, veins black. Length 9 mm agcistus

24. Mesonotum with impunctate area on sides of lateral lobes

distinct and extending broadly to median lobe 25

Mesonotum with impunctate area on sides of lateral lobes
almost entirely wanting, or, at least always separated from
median lobe by a narrow punctate area 26

25. Antennal furrows subobsolete above base of antennae or

with minute lateral foveae; body in female blue, with prono-
tum, tegulae, lobes of mesonotum, except a blue spot on
middle of median lobe, rufous; wings uniformly infuscated,
veins black; male differs in having body wholly blue.

Length 10 mm unicolor

Antennal furrows extending as deep linear furrows above
base of antennae to near middle of face; body in female dull
blackj with pronotum, lobes of mesonotum, and usually
upper anterior corner of pleurae, rufous; wings uniformly
infuscated; male diflfers in having body entirely dull black.
Length 10 mm coUaris

26. Head when viewed from above with a transverse furrow ex-

tending behind eyes and ocelli 27

Head when viewed from above with a transverse furrow
extending across head behind eyes, interrupted by an
oblique ridge extending from postocellar area to upper
posterior corner of eye; lateral lobes of mesonotum not so
densely punctate on the disk as at sides; body black, with

74 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

prothorax for the most part, a spot on each side of me-
dian lobe of mesonotum, tegulae, knees, and abdominal
segments one to five, rufous; wings yellowish hyaline,
paler at base. Length lo mm stugnus

27. Head with a carina behind the eyes between the occiput and

posterior orbits 28

Head not with a carina behind the eyes between the occiput
and posterior orbits .29

28. Head with postocellar area more densely punctate than sides

of vertex; median third of lateral lobes of mesonotum more
densely punctate than its disk; body black, with labrum,
prothorax, median lobe of mesonotum, front legs beyond
middle of femora, tegulae, and abdominal segments one to
six and sometimes part of seventh, rufous; wings hyaline

or very slightly infuscated. Length 9 mm similis

Head with postocellar area and sides of vertex uniformly
densely punctate; median third of lateral lobes of mesono-
tum not more densely punctate than its disk; body black,
with abdominal segments one to five and usually a part of
six, rufous; wings hyaline or very slightly infuscated.
Length 9 mm aprilis

29. Vertex adjacent to postocellar area with a small impunctate

area; postocellar area as densely punctate as the front;
median lobe of mesonotum not so densely punctate as lat-
eral lobes; body black, with prothorax, tegulse, median
lobe of mesonotum except at middle, and abdominal seg-
ments one to five, rufous; wings hyaline, veins black,

stigma rufous below. Length 7 mm acritus

Vertex without an impunctate area adjacent to postocellar
area 30

30. Median lobe of mesonotum finely, densely punctate, lateral

lobes not so closely, but deeply punctate; body dull black,
with abdomen wholly rufous; third segment of antennae
but little longer than fourth; wings infuscated, veins
black, stigma black, paler on hind margin. Length 8 mm.

abdominalis
Median lobe of mesonotum with large, distant punctures,
lateral lobes with distant shallow punctures, appearing al-
most smooth; scutellum more closely and finely punctate
than lobes of mesonotum; front densely, compactly punc-
tate, posterior orbits coarsely punctate, not so densely
adjacent to the postocellar area as distant from it; postocel-
lar area coarsely punctate, more densely than the portion
of the posterior orbits adjacent to it; body black, with pro-
thorax, tegulae, a spot on each side of median lobe of
mesonotum, lateral lobes of rhesonotum, upper half of

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 75

pleurae, basal plates, and abdomen except the saw-guides,
rufous. Length ii mm versus

D. sericeus Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii, Fig. 27.
Connecticut (E. N.) ; Stonington, 26 April, 1907 (W. E. B.).

°D. parasericeus MacGillivray.

°D. neosericeus MacGillivray.

°D. polysericeus MacGillivray.

*D. tectus MacGillivray. New Haven, 4 May, 1904 (H.
L. v.).

D. colosericeus MacGillivray. New Haven, 4 May, 1904
(H. L. v.).

D. monosericeus MacGillivray. New Haven, 4 May, 1904
(H. L. v.).

°D. apriloides MacGillivray.

°D. neoaprilis MacGillivray.

°D. minusculus MacGillivray.

°D. luctatus MacGillivray.

°D. neocollaris MacGillivray.

°D. icterus MacGillivray.

D. refugus MacGillivray. New Haven, 4 May, 1904
(H. L. v.).

°D. inspectus MacGillivray.

D. apricus (Norton). Connecticut (E. N.) ; Salisbury, 30
August, 1904, Torrington, 7 July, 1905 (W. E. B.).

D. bicolor Beauvois. Connecticut (E. N.) ; New Haven, 4
May, 1904 (H. L. V. ) ; Lyme, 2 April, 1910, 14 May, 191 1,
Orange, 21 May, 1911 (A. B. C).

°D. cohoesus MacGillivray.

*D. inspiratus MacGillivray. Hamden, 14 July, 191 1 (B.
H. W.) ; New Haven, 30 May, 30 July, 191 1 (A. B. C).

D. conjugatus MacGillivray. Thompson, 11 July, 1905
(H. L. V.) ; New Haven, 15 May, 191 1 (A. B. C).

D. dysporus MacGillivray. New Haven, 19 April, 1910
(B. H. W.).

°D. plesius MacGillivray.

76 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [Bllll.

°D. agcistus MacGillivray.
D. unicolor Beauvois. Female, D. arvensis Say. Howard,
Insect Book, PI. xii. Fig. 10. Connecticut (E. N.) ; New Haven,
4, 7 May, 1904 (H. L. V.), 2 May, 1905 (B. H. W.) ; Westville,
22 April, 1905, 16, 25 April, 5 May, 1906, Stonington, 26
April, 17 May, 1907 (W. E. B.) ; Branford, 11 May, 1906 (H.
W. W.) ; Westport, 12 April, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Manchester, i
May, 1911 (B. H. W.) ; Lyme, 2 April, 1910 (A. B. C.) ; Ware-
house Point, 21 April, 1910 (W. E. B.).

D. collaris Say. Connecticut (E. N.) ; Lyme, 2 April, 1910
(A. B. C).

°D. stugnus MacGillivray.

*D. similis Norton. Howard, Insect Book, PI, xiv. Fig. 31.
Connecticut (E. N.).

*D. aprilis (Norton). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xii. Fig. 17.
Connecticut (E. N.) : New Haven, 4, 7 May, 1904 (H. L. V,),
15, 17 May, 9 June, 12 July, 1905, 19 April, 1910 (B, H. W.).
Occurs throughout the state,

°D. acritus MacGillivray,

*D. abdominalis (Norton). Connecticut (E. N.) ; New
Haven, 4 May, 1904 (H, L, V.),

D. versus Norton, New Haven (A. E. V.).

Loderus Konow.

*L. albifrons (Norton). Dolerus albifrons Norton. Howard,
Insect Book, PI. xiii. Fig. 20.

Surface of the apex of the scutellum very finely striate at base,
smooth at apex; head very finely, densely, uniformly punctate,
the lower half covered with a dense, white, sericeous pile ; lobes of
mesonotum uniformly finely punctate ; body black, with the supra-
clypeal area, the clypeus, the labrum, the inner orbits enlarged
into a wedge-shaped dilation near the middle of the eye, and the
tegulas, white ; front and middle legs beyond the trochanters, the
tarsi (sometimes infuscated), the posterior trochanters, the poste-
rior femora except a ring at apex, and abdominal segments one to
four and a part of the fifth, rufous; wings hyaline or slightly
infuscated. Length, 8 mm.

Connecticut (E. N.) ; Milldale, 21 May, 1906 (B. H. W.).

no. 22.] hymenoptera of connecticut. 'j'j

Phyllotomin^.

Key to Genera.

Antennae with second segment about one-half as long as first

and about as long as broad; clypeus truncate

Endelomyia p. 77
Antennae with second segment subequal in length with first
and always much longer than broad; clypeus emarginate.

Caliroa p. 77

Endelomyia Ashmead.

E. aethiops (Fabricius). Eriocampoides cethiops Fabricius.
Monostegia roscB Harris. Rose Sawfly.

Body black, with the front and middle legs below the knees,
and the knees of the hind legs, white; a distinct V-shaped fur-
row behind the median ocellus, connecting with an indistinct
furrow in front of the postocellar area ; pentagonal area entirely
wanting ; lateral foveas minute ; saw-guides straight above,
broadly convexly rounded from base to a point at apex above.
Larva feeds on various species of Rosa. Length 5 mm.

Connecticut (E. N.) ; Branford, 12 May, 1905 (H. W. W.) ;
New Haven, 24 May, 1908 (B. H. W.).

Caliroa Costa.
Key to Species.

1. Clypeus roundly emarginate 2

Clypeus angularly emarginate 8

2. Front wings with radial cross-vein and free part of R* in-

terstitial or nearly so; body black, with front and middle
legs below knees white; walls of pentagonal area distinct,
a V-shaped furrow behind median ocellus, lateral walls of
pentagonal area continued to bases of antennae where
they are enlarged and separated by a distinctly and deeply
impressed triangular median fovea; saw-guides long and
slender, straight above and below, oblique and bluntly
rounded at apex; wings more or less infuscated on basal

half. Length 6 mm cerasi

Front wings with radial cross-vein and free part of R* dis-
tant 3

3. Front distinctly impressed around the median ocellus; V-

shaped furrow always more or less indicated 4

Front uniformly flat around the median ocellus, without any
indication of a V-shaped furrow 6

4. Supraclypeal area convexly elevated throughout its entire

length 5

y8 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Supraclypeal area flat, somewhat elevated adjacent to the
median fovea; body black, with front and middle legs below
knees, basal half of posterior tibiae, and metatarsi, white;
pentagonal area rounded in outline behind, walls low and
fading out before; median fovea shaped like an impressed
tetrahedron with all its margins broadly rounded; saw-
guides retracted, convex below and bluntly rounded to a
blunt point; wings infuscated on basal half. Length 6 mm.

lorata

5. Postocellar area distinctly broader than long and not strongly

convex; body black, with front and middle legs below
knees, hind legs with knees, basal half of tibijE, and tarsi
' more or less, white; pentagonal area angular in outline
behind median ocellus, with distinct walls, gradually fad-
ing out in front; median fovea shaped like an impressed
tetrahedron, the outer margin being rounded; saw-guides
convex above and below, gradually rounded to a point at

the apex; wings hyaline. Length 4.5 mm lunata

Postocellar area about as long as broad and strongly
convex; body black, with front and middle legs below
knees, basal two-thirds of hind tibiae, and basal three-
fourths of hind metatarsi, white or luteous; pentagonal
area angular behind median ocellus, deep and distinctly im-
pressed, walls slanting; median fovea deep and strongly
impressed, sides parallel^ gradually shelving off above;
front with deep, round, pit-like lateral fovese not joining
the antennal foveae; saw-guides straight above, broadly
convexly rounded below to a blunt point at apex above.
Length 4-6 mm .quercus-alba

6. Front with sides of pentagonal area extending ridge-like

to bases of antennae, never mound-like 7

Front with sides of pentagonal area expanded above bases
of antennae into mound-like elevations; body black, with
front and middle legs below knees, hind tibiae on basal
half, and their tarsi in part, white; pentagonal area with
all its walls perfectly flat; clypeus deeply emarginate; saw-
guides retracted, pointed at apex; wings hyaline. Length
5.5 mm lobata

7. Frontal crest strongly elevated above general level of basin

above it; walls of pentagonal area distinct, strongly ex-
panded below into a pair of elevated parenthesis-shaped
ridges; body black, with legs below knees, except
apical half of posterior tibiae, white; antenn£e with third
segment subequal in length to fourth and fifth together;
saw-guides with sides parallel, slender, and bluntly
rounded at apex; wings infuscated on the basal half.
Length 6 mm obsoleta

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 79

Frontal crest not elevated above general level of the basin
above it; walls of pentagonal area distinct, but broadly-
rounded, broadly expanded at their ventral ends, parenthe-
sis-shaped, the curve being turned outward, forming a
frontal crest not strongly raised above the surface adjacent
, to it, deeply broken at the middle; body black, with legs
below middle of the femora white, more or less fuscous in
places; third segment of antennae not as long as fourth and

fifth together; wings infuscated. Length 4 mm

quercus-coccinea
8. Supraclypeal area broadly convex, not with an elevated
ridge at the middle; body black, with front and middle legs
beyond knees fuscous white; pentagonal area indefinite,
the V-shaped area indicated, lateral ridges continued to
bases of antennae; median fovea triangular in outline, with
rounded walls; antennae with third segment as long as
fourth and fifth together; saw-guides straight on upper and
lower margins, obliquely truncated and with a blunt point
at the apex above; wings more or less infuscated. Length
5.5 mm fasciata

Supraclypeal area elevated at the middle into a prominent
carina; body black, with legs beyond knees white; pentag-
onal area well defined, with a distinct V-shaped furrow
behind the median ocellus; median fovea indefinite, trans-
verse; third segment of antenna not as long as fourth and
fifth together; saw-guides straight above, slightly convexly
rounded, somewhat truncated at apex above; wings hya-
line. Length 4.5 mm lata

C. cerasi (Linnaeus). Eriocampoides limacina Retzius.
Selandria cerasi Peck. Eriocampa cerasi Peck. Pear Slug.
Larva is reported as feeding on Pyrus, Prunus, Ruhus, Amyg-
dalus, Cratccgus, Betula, and Quercus. Connecticut (E. N.) ;
New Haven, 20 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°C. lorata MacGillivray.

°C. lunata MacGillivray.

*C. quercus-alba (Norton). Selandria quercus-alha Norton.
Monostegia quercus-alba Norton. Larva feeds on white oak.
Farmington (E. N.).

°C. lobata MacGillivray.

*C. obsoleta (Norton). Selandria obsoleta Norton. Larva
feeds on wild cherry. Poqupnock, New Haven (H. L. V.) ;
Branford, 20 May, 1905 (H. W. W.).

8o CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°C. quercus-coccinea (Dyar). Monostegia quercus-coccinea
Dyar. Larva feeds on the leaves of the scarlet oak, Quercus
coccinea.

*C. fasciata (Norton). Selandria fasciata Norton. Erio-
campa fasciata Norton. Larva feeds on oak. New Haven, 26
June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°C. lata MacGillivray.

Tenthredinin^.
Key to Genera.

1. Head broad between the eyes, broader at the antennae than

the eyes are long; inner margins of the eyes subparallel. . . 2
Head narrow between the eyes, narrower at the antennae than

the length of the eyes; eyes strongly convergent below. ... 8

2. Antennal sockets with their mesal margins not dilated.... 3
Antennal sockets with their mesal margins distinctly dilated 4

3. Anal veins anastomosed for a considerable distance, free

part of 2d A wanting Pachyprotasis p. 81

Anal veins not anastomosed; free part of 2d A present.

Lagium p. 81

4. Basal plates divided at the middle by a longitudinal suture. . . 6
Basal plates not divided at the middle 5

5. Malar space distinctly shorter than width of the posterior

orbits; hind wings with either free part of R« or M2 or both

present Tenthredopsis p. 82

Malar space subequal in length to width of posterior orbits;

hind wings with both the free part of R« and M2 wanting.

Neopus p. 82

€. Clypeus truncate Bivena p. 82

Clypeus distinctly emarginate 7

7. Lateral ocelli above a line drawn between the posterior
corners of the eyes; hind wings with free part of R4 and

transverse part of M2 wanting Leucopelmonus p. 83

Lateral ocelli below a line drawn between the posterior
corners of the eyes; hind wings with free part of Ri and

transverse part of M2 present Rhogogastera p. 83

S. Antennal sockets with their mesal margins not dilated, or,
if dilated, only slightly so and then not with the area

between them deeply hollowed out 9

Antennal sockets with their mesal margins strongly dilated
and with the area between them deeply hollowed out; an-
tennae never thickened toward apex Tenthredo p. 83

9. Antennae with nine segments 10

Antennae with eight segments Labidia p. 92

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 8l

10. Hind coxae elongated so that apex of hind femora reaches
to or beyond apex of abdomen; middle coxae much smaller
than hind coxae, reaching to or slightly beyond proximal

end of hind coxae Macrophya p. 92

Hind coxae not elongated, apex of hind femora not reaching
to apex of abdomen; middle coxae subequal in size to hind
coxae, reaching to and usually beyond middle of hind
coxae AUantus p. lOl

Pachyprotasis Hartig.

P. rapae (Linnaeus). Pachyprotasis omega Norton. Synair-
ema americana Provancher.

Female : body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles, postgense,
inner and posterior orbits, antennae at base beneath, V-shaped spot
on mesonotun, tegnlae, scutellum, postscutellum, plurae, spot at
base of hind wings, coxae, trochanters, front and middle femora
and tibiae and tarsi beneath, basal half of posterior femora, poste-
rior tibiae beneath, and lateral margin of abdomen, white. Male
differs in having the white more extended. Length 6-7 mm.
Connecticut (E. N.).

Lagium Konow. x^
Key to Species.

1. Head above lateral ocelli impunctate, strongly punctate

below; median femoral pocket smooth, polished, impunc-
tate; body black, with apices of front femora and their
tibiae and tarsi beneath yellowish; second and third abdom-
inal segments above rufous; wings strongly infuscated.

Length 13 mm cinctulum

Head above and below lateral ocelli strongly punctate; me-
dian femoral pocket finely longitudinally rugose 2

2. Abdomen wholly black; body black, with apex of anterior

femora, their tibiae and tarsi beneath, yellow; a spot on the
posterior coxae white, sometimes wanting in males; wings

strongly infuscated. Length 13 mm atroviolaceum

Abdomen wholly rufous beyond the basal plates, except the
saw-guides atroviolaceum var. tardum

L. cinctulum (Norton). Tenthredo atroviolacea var. cinctula
Norton. New Haven, 13 July, 1904 (P. L. B.) ; Scotland, 25
July, 1904 (B. H. W.) ; Lyme, 5 August, 191 1 (A. B. C).

L. atroviolaceum (Norton). Tenthredo atroviolacea Norton.
Tenthredo psis atroviolacea Norton.
Connecticut (E. N.).

82 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull,

I». atroviolaceum var. tardum (Norton). Tenthredo atrovio-
lacea var. tarda Norton. Connecticut (E. N.) ; Hartford
(Nason).

Tenthredopsis Costa.

*T. semilutea (Norton). Tenthredo semilutea Norton.
Female : body black, with the clypeus, labrum, mandibles,
supraclypeal area, line on collar, tegulae, lateral margin of prono-
tum, broad spot on mesopleuras, line on metapleurae, pectus for the
most part, small spot of lateral lobes of mesonotum, scutellum, the
coxae, and the trochanters, white; abdomen beyond the basal
plates, antennse either entirely beyond the second segment or
beneath beyond the second segment, and the remainder of the legs
except a black ring on the apex of posterior femora, rufous. Male
differs in having a line on the front and middle legs extending to
the apex of femora and on the posterior legs extending to the apex
of the tibiae, with the disk of the basal plates, the two basal
abdominal segments, and a minute spot around the abdominal
spiracles, black. Length 7-8 mm.
Connecticut (E. N.).

Neopus MacGillivray.
°N. 14-punctatus (Norton). Tenthredo 14-punctata Norton.
Tenthredopsis 14-punctata Norton.

Body greenish white, with a spot on the vertex, the disk
of each lobe of the mesonotum, the disk of the pronotum, the
sutures of the thorax, the legs more or less above, the tarsi dark-
est, and the sutures of the abdomen, black ; sometimes the
metathorax entirely, a line between the prothoracic pleurae and
pectus, and a triangular spot on the disk of the abdominal seg-
ments, black. Length 9 mm.

Bivena MacGillivray.

°B. delta (Provancher). Pachyprotasis delta Provancher.
Tenthredopsis delta Provancher. Homosoneura delta Provancher.
Female: body black, with the clypeus, labrum, mandibles,
supraclypeal area, genae, inner orbits, collar narrowly, tegulae,
spot on mesopleurae, scutellum, spot above posterior coxae, coxae
for the most part, and trochanters, white ; antennae beneath, legs
beyond trochanters, except the posterior femora and tibiae at

No. 22,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 83

apex, and abdominal segments two to four, rufous. Male differs
in having more black on the posterior legs. Length 6-8 mm.

Leucopelmonus MacGillivray.

°L. annulatus MacGillivray.

Female : body black, with the labrum, antennal segments five
and six, the tegulae, the apices of the coxae, the trochanters, the
middle and posterior tarsi, and the stigma at base, white ; antennae
at base, the clypeus, mandibles, spot on supraclypeal area, pro-
thorax, mesonotum except spots on lateral lobes, scutellum, post-
scutellum, legs beyond the trochanters except parts named, meso-
pleurae and metapleurae in great part sometimes, and abdomen,
rufous. Male differs in having the entire antennae and only
abdominal segments one to five rufous, the posterior femora and
tibiae black at apex. Length 7-10 mm.

Rhogogastera Konow.

°R. evansii (Harrington). Tenthredopsis evansii Harrington.

Body greenish-yellow, with the antennae above, a spot on the
vertex, the greater part of the mesonotum, the metanotum, the
apex of the scutellum, a broad band along the middle of the ter-
gum, the apices of the tibiae, and the apex of each tarsal segment,
black; wings hyaline; the head smooth, impunctate. Length 12
mm.

Tenthredo Linnaeus.
Key to Species.

1. Antennae wholly or in part pale 2

Antennae wholly black 20

2. Antennae wholly pale 3

Antennae in part black 8

3. Abdomen wholly black beyond basal plates 4

Abdomen wholly or in part rufous 6

4. Femora rufous 48

Femora for the most part black 5

5. Head uniformly finely punctate; body black, with clypeus, la-

brum, mandibles at base, scutellum, legs beyond coxas except
posterior femora, and basal plates in part, yellow; antennas,
posterior orbits, tegulas, wings in great part, and anterior and

middle femora, somewhat rufous. Length 11 mm femaldi

Head impunctate, but finely, indefinitely wrinkled; body
black, with antennae, cl3T)eus in part, front femora before,

84 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

front and middle tibiae and tarsi before, tarsal segments
ringed with black at apex, yellowish fuscous; sides of
basal plates yellow ; wings slightly infuscated, the veins and
stigma fuscous. Length 12 mm dubitata

6. Ocellar basin with a ridge at middle; abdomen wholly rufous;

body rufous, with some small spots on head, antennae in
part sometimes, prothorax in great part, side lobes of
mesonotum in part, mesopleurae in part, pectus, and ab-
dominal segments in part, black; clypeus, labrum, man-
dibles at base, a spot on supraclypeal area, inner orbits,
beneath eyes, collar, tegulse, and a spot above the coxae and on

the sides of the basal plates, yellow. Length 11 mm tnellina

Ocellar basin with a furrow at middle ; abdomen not wholly
rufous 7

7. Abdomen black at base and rufous at apex; body rufous, vv^ith

antennal area in part, prothorax in great part, lobes of
mesonotum in part, pectus, and three basal segments of
abdomen, black ; clypeus, labrum, mandibles, spot above
posterior coxae, sides of basal plates, and tarsi and pos-
terior tibiae in great part, yellow. Length 12 mm redimacula

Abdomen black at base and apex, rufous at middle; body
black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles at base, spot on
supraclypeal area, collar, scutellum, a spot above posterior
coxae, sides of basal plates, and tarsi, yellow; tegulae, front
femora beneath, tibiae for the most part, and abdominal seg-
ments two to four, rufous. Length 10 mm neoslossoni

8. Antennae pale at base or apex g

Antennae pale beneath, black above 18

9. Antennae pale at apex lO

Antennae pale at base 14

10. Abdomen beyond the basal plates wholly black 11

Abdomen wholly or in part pale 13

11. Ocellar basin deeply hollowed out, scoop-shaped, and im-

punctate; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles at
base, antennae at apex, a spot above posterior coxae, and
sides of basal plates, yellow; front and middle femora in
part, tibiae, and tarsi beneath, rufous; scutellum and meso-
notum densely, finely punctate. Length 12 mm nigricoUis

Ocellar basin hollowed out with a transverse ridge above the
middle 12

12. Anterior femoral pocket yellow; body black, with clypeus,

labrum, mandibles at base, antennae at apex, collar broadly,
anterior femoral pocket, scutellum, spot above posterior
coxae, apex of basal plates, front legs beneath beyond the mid-
dle of the femora, and middle legs beneath beyond the apex of
the femora, yellow; wings infuscated at apex. Length 12-13
mm grandis

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 85

Anterior femoral pocket black; body black, with clypeus, labrum,
mandibles at base, antennae at apex, collar, scutellum, front
legs beneath beyond the middle of the femora, middle tarsi, a
spot on sides of basal plates, apex of basal plates, some-
times broadly, rarely a spot above posterior coxae, white;
wings infuscated at apex. Length 12 mm antennata

13. Abdomen black at base and apex, rufous in middle; body

black, with apex of antennae, a white spot above posterior
coxae, a spot on pleurae, sides of basal plates, anterior and
middle coxae and trochanters in part, tegulae, base of costa,
legs except the parts named and the bases of the coxae, a line
on the femora above, a spot at apex of the tibiae above, pos-
terior tarsi for the greater part, and abdominal segments three

to six, rufous. Length 10 mm semicomis

Abdomen yellow; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandi-
bles at base, cheeks, orbits, two spots on postocellar area,
apex of antennae, collar and tegulae, scutellum, two spots
on pleurae, and apices of coxae, a spot on side of posterior
coxae, and trochanters, yellow; legs, except apex of pos-
terior femora, rufous. Length 11 mm jocosa

14. Vertex impunctate, polished 15

Vertex finely, distinctly punctate 17

15. Head with orbits wholly black; body black, with clypeus,

labrum, mandibles at base, cheeks broadly, collar, tegulae,
oblique spot at middle and edge of posterior margin of
mesopleurae, spot above posterior coxae, coxae except above,
and margin and sides of basal plate, white; legs (except a
line above on front and middle femora, hind coxae, apex of
femora above, apex of tibiae and tarsi), and abdomen, rufous;
in some specimens the antennae may be entirely black or rufous
beneath at the apex, or the apex of the abdomen black, or

the pleurae almost wholly black. Length 13 mm signata

Head with orbits in great part yellow 16

16. Appendage of scutellum transversely striate, with numerous

large punctures; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandi-
bles at base, cheeks, orbits, interrupted opposite base of
antennae and at top of head, collar, tegulje, vittae on meso-
notum, metanotum in part, spot above posterior coxae,
and spot on side of basal plates, yellow; legs beyond coxae,
except basal half of middle and hind femora above, two
basal segments of antennas, and abdomen beyond third

segment, rufous. Length 13 mm bilineata

Appendage of scutellum not striate, with few punctures or
none; body in female black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles,
supraclypeal area, orbits in great part, collar, tegulae, vittae
on mesonotum, sometimes wanting, scutellum, postscutel-

86 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

lum, rarely with a small spot on mesopleurae, front legs,
middle legs beyond coxae, posterior trochanters, basal half
of femora, tibiae and tarsi, basal plates, venter of five
basal abdominal segments, tergum of fourth and a band
at middle and sides of first and third, sometimes narrowed
to a line at middle, yellow; costa yellow, stigma pale at
base; male differs in having pleurae, pectus, all the coxae,
and abdomen beyond first segment, yellow or rufous;
posterior and middle femora with a black line above, basal
plates and first abdominal segment black; some specimens
wholly yellow or rufous, except antennae beyond second
segment, spot on vertex, three spots on mesonotum, and
base of abdomen, which are black. Length 11-13 mm. verticalis

17. Abdomen rufous beyond basal plates; body black, with two

basal segments of antennae, posterior orbits, tegulae, scutel-
lum, front and middle legs beyond coxae except the tarsi, the
posterior femora at base and the tibiae, and the abdomen
beyond the basal plates, rufous ; clypeus, labrum, cheeks,
collar, 'a spot above posterior coxae, and tarsi, white. Length

12 mm ruficolor

Abdomen black at base and apex, rufous at middle; body
black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles, cheeks, collar,
tegulae, spot above posterior coxae, legs except apical half
of posterior femora and ring at apex of tibiae, and the basal
plates, yellow; two basal segments of antennae and abdom-
inal segment four and a part of three and five, yellowish
rufous ; wings hyaline. Length 12 mm bifasciata

18. Abdomen wholly or in part rufous (See sec. 15) signata

Abdomen wholly black 19

19. Pectus black (See sec. 48) rufipes

Pectus rufous (See sec. 48) rufopecta

20. Head above antennas more or less yellow 21

Head above antennae wholly black 30

21. Abdomen wholly or in part pale 22

Abdomen wholly black 29

22. Scutellum wholly or in part yellow 23

Scutellum wholly black 26

23. Pleurae and pectus black (See sec. 16) verticalis

Pleurae and pectus pale 24

24. Abdomen wholly pale beyond the basal plates 25

Abdomen with first three abdominal segments black; body

black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles, cheeks, face
around and beneath antennae, inner orbits, a line near occi-
put, tegulae, collar, spot on sides of scutellum, spot on
pleurae, coxae, trochanters, front legs in great part, middle
femora, basal third of posterior femora, venter of abdo-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 8/

men, and edge of basal plates, white; middle tibiae and tarsi,
posterior femora and tibiae in great part, and five apical ab-
dominal segments, rufous. Length 13 mm formosa

25. Scutellum smooth, polished, impunctate; body rufous or

yellow, with an irregular spot above ocelli, a spot on the
center of each lobe of mesonotum, basal plates for the most
part, a small spot on the posterior coxae, trochanters, and base

of femora above, black. Length 13 mm rubripes

Scutellum finely, densely punctate; body black, clypeus, la-
brum, mandibles, cheeks, orbits, posterior margin of post-
ocellar area, supraclypeal area, collar broadly, tegulae,
V-spot, scutellum, postscutellum, pleuras except sutural
lines, pectus, legs except a black line above on femora,
and abdomen except basal plates, yellow. Length 12 mm. causata

26. Posterior coxae black at base; body black, with clypeus, la-

brum, mandibles, cheeks, orbits except at top of eyes,
V-spot, spot on side of pronotum, collar, tegulae, an angu-
lar mark on pleurae, pectus in part, spot above posterior
coxae, sides of basal plates, apical portion of coxae, tro-
chanters, femora except above, front and middle tibiae and
tarsi except above, and basal half of abdomen beneath,
white; abdomen rufous beyond second segment. Length

10 mm angulata

Posterior coxae wholly pale 27

27. Posterior orbits black; body black, with clypeus, labrum,

mandibles, face above and beneath antennae, inner orbits,
tegulae, collar, angular spot on pleurae and the basal half of
venter, white; legs whitish except a black line at apex of ante-
rior femora and base of tibiae above, middle femora and tibiae
above, posterior femora and tibiae for the most part ; five apical

segments of abdomen rufous. Length 13 mm eximia

Posterior orbits wholly pale 28

28. Abdomen with four basal segments black; body black, with

clypeus, labrum, mandibles, face above and below anten-
nae, anterior and posterior orbits, collar, tegulae, spot on
pronotum, pleurae for the most part, pectus and sides of
basal plates, white; legs yellowish rufous, except apex of
front femora above, basal half of front and middle tibiae above,
middle and posterior femora above, and basal third of poste-
rior tibiae, which are black. Length 13 mm simulata

Abdomen with three basal segments black; body black, with
clypeus, labrum, mandibles, face above and below anten-
nae, anterior and posterior orbits, collar, tegula:, pro-
notum at sides, pleurae for the most part, and pectus, yellow;
legs yellow, except line on front femora at apex above,
front tibiae above, middle femora and tibiae above, and hind

88 CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

femora and greater part of tibiae, which are black; abdomen
rufous, except basal plates and three tergal segments. Length
12 mm. secunda

29. Pleurae black; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles,

orbits entirely except above, face about and beneath anten-
nae, collar, tegulae, margin of pronotum, V-spot, vittae on
mesonotum, metanotum at sides, spot above posterior
coxae, front legs except line above, middle legs beyond
coxae except greater part of femora and tibiae above, hind
legs beyond coxae except femora and tibiae above at apex,

pale yellow. Length 14 mm lobata

Pleurae with a large angular white spot; body black, with
clypeus, labrum, mandibles, orbits except above, broadly
behind, face above and below antennae, collar, tegulae, lat-
eral margin of pronotum, V-spot above posterior coxae,
large angulate spot on pleurae, pectus in great part, front
legs except point above at apex, middle legs except apical
half of femora and tibiae above, hind legs except apical
half of femora and tip of tibiae, and abdomen beneath,
white. Length 14 mm angulifera

30. Abdomen in part pale 31

Abdomen, including venter, black 45

31. Tergum in part pale 32

Tergum wholly black 44

2,2. Mesopleuras wholly or in part pale 2;^

Mesopleurae wholly black 42

22). Pectus pale 34

Pectus black 41

34. Posterior femora wholly or in part pale above 35

Posterior femora wholly black above 39

35. Posterior femora wholly pale 36

Posterior femora in part black 38

2,6. Abdomen wholly or in part black 37

Abdomen wholly rufous; body black, with clypeus, labrum,
mandibles, cheeks, collar, tegulae, sides of pronotum, lower
half of mesopleurae, pectus, spot above posterior coxae,
sides of basal plates, coxae, trochanters, remainder of front
legs except a line above on femora, white; remainder of
legs except a line above on middle femora, and abdomen be-
yond basal plates, rufous. Length 11 mm frigida

27. Abdomen wholly black above; body black, with clypeus, la-
brum, mandibles, cheeks, collar, tegulae, narrow line on
pleurae, spot above posterior coxae, sides of basal plates,
and a narrow band along the side of the abdomen, white ; legs
rufous with tip of middle femora, apex of posterior femora,
and apical half of posterior tibiae black; pectus more or less
rufous. Length 11 mm lineata

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 89

Abdomen black, with at least the second and third tergal seg-
ments rufous ; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles,
cheeks, dot at base of antennae, collar, tegulae, side of
pronotum, angulate spot on pleurae, pectus, spot above pos-
terior coxae, and four anterior coxae, yellow; legs except a
spot on tip of anterior femora and apical half of posterior
tibiae and tarsi, and the second, third, and part of the fifth
abdominal tergite, and all the sternites except the two
apical, rufous. Length 12 mm rufopediba

38. Front and middle legs with a black line above. (See sec. 15) signata
Front and middle legs wholly pale; body black, with clypeus,

labrum, mandibles, cheeks, inner orbits narrowly, collar,
tegulae, line on mesopleurae, pectus in part, spot above pos-
terior coxae, coxae, and trochanters, yellow; legs except the
parts named and apices of posterior femora and tibiae and their
tarsi, and abdomen beyond basal plates, rufous. Length
12 mm pallicola

39. Posterior tibiae black at apex 40

Posterior tibiae wholly pale; body black, with clypeus, la-
brum, mandibles, cheeks, collar, tegulae, spot on lower edge

of pronotum, spot on pleurae, pectus, spot above posterior
coxae, sides and posterior margin of basal plates, coxae
and trochanters except a black line above, front femora
except a black line above, yellow; remainder of legs ex-
cept a black line above on femora and the posterior tarsi
entirely, and abdomen beyond basal plates, rufous. Length
12 mm hyalina

40. Abdomen black at base only (See sec. 15) signata

Abdomen black at base and apex; body black, with clypeus,

labrum, cheeks, collar, tegulae, spot on mesopleurae, spot
above posterior coxae, legs (except a black line above as
far as apex of femora, apical three-fourths of posterior
tibiae, and their tarsi) yellow, shading to rufous on the pos-
; terior legs; abdomen with segments two to five rufous.
Length 13 mm slossoni

41. AbdoYnen rufous beyond first segment; body black, with

clypeus, labrum, mandibles, cheeks, collar, tegulae, spot on
mesopleurae, lower margin of pronotum, caudal margin of
mesopleurae, spot above posterior coxae, sides of basal
plates, front and middle legs except a black line above to
the apex of tibiae, posterior coxae above and beneath, and
a line beneath on the posterior femora and tibiae, yellow.

Length 13 mm junghannsii

Abdomen rufous beyond third segment; body black, with
clypeus, labrum, mandibles, cheeks, collar and tegulae
narrowly, a spot on mesopleurae, a spot above posterior

90 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

coxae, front and middle legs except a black line to the
base of tibiae, the apical half of the posterior coxae, the poste-
rior trochanters, the basal third of the posterior femora, and
venter of three basal abdominal segments, yellowish white.
Length 12 mm nova

42. Pectus black 43

Pectus pale; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles,

cheeks, collar, tegulae, spot above posterior coxae, pectus,
anterior coxae, and trochanters, white; legs except apical
half of posterior tibiae and their tarsi, and second to fourth
segments of abdomen, rufous. Length 12 mm varians

43. Posterior tibiae wholly black; body black, with clypeus, la-

brum, mandibles, cheeks, spot above posterior coxae, front
and middle legs except a black line above beyond coxae,
yellow; posterior femora and abdomen beyond second

segment rufous. Length 12 mm mutans

Posterior tibiae wholly pale; body black, with clypeus, la-
brum, mandibles except at apex, cheeks, collar, a spot
above posterior coxae, and sides of basal plates, white;
tegulae, legs except anterior coxae above and femora in great
part, and abdomen beyond fourth segment, rufous. Length
12 mm montana

44. Pectus rufous (See sec. 48) rufopecta

Pectus black (See sec. 48) rufipes

45. Legs black, varied with white or yellow 46

Legs rufous, varied more or less with black or yellow 48

46. Posterior tibiae in part pale 47

Posterior tibiae wholly black; body black, with clypeus, la-
brum, mandibles, cheeks, collar, tegulae, spot above pos-
terior cox^e, sides of basal plates, anterior pair of legs

for the most part, middle tibiae at tip, and tarsi at apex, white ;
wings clouded toward apex. Length 12 mm flavomarginis

47. Scutellum and mesopleurae black; body black, with clypeus,

labrum, mandibles, collar, spot above posterior coxa:,
sides of basal plates, front femora beneath, front tibiae
except at apex above, middle tibiae beneath, posterior tibiae
except apical third, and tarsi, white. Length 13 mm. cinctitibiis
Scutellum and mesopleurae in part pale; body black, with
clypeus, transverse line on vertex, labrum, collar, tegulae,
a spot on mesopleurae, scutellum, two spots on basal plates,
and a spot on posterior coxae, white; legs black, with spot
on front and hind coxae, trochanters, front tibiae before,
band on middle and hind tibiae, and bases of all the tarsal
segments, white. Length 12 mm decorata

48. Pectus rufous; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles,

line on collar, tegulae, spot above posterior coxae, and some-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 9I

times narrow apical margin of abdominal terga, white; pleurae,
pectus, and legs (except tips of the posterior femora, apical

half of the tibiae, and their tarsi) rufous. Length 13 mm

rufopecta
Pectus black; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles,
and a spot above posterior cox?e, yellow ; legs, except apical
half of posterior tibise and their tarsi, rufous. Length 13
mm rufipes

T. rufopecta (Norton). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii. Fig.
16. Connecticut (E. N.) ; New Haven, i June, 191 1 (A. B. C).

°T. fernaldi MacGillivray.
°T. dubitata MacGillivray.
"T. mellina (Norton).
°T. redimacula MacGillivray.
°T. neoslossoni MacGillivray.
°T. nigriccUis Kirby

*T. grandis (Norton). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii.
Fig. 30. Farmington (E. N.).

°T. antennata Kirby.

°T. semicornis Harrington.

°T. jocosa Provancher.

°T. signata (Norton).

°T. bilineata MacGillivray.

T. verticalis Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii, Fig. 32.
Connecticut (E. N.) ; West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.) ;
New Haven, 14 July, 1908 (B. H. W.), 30 May, 191 1 (A. B. C).
°T. ruficolor Norton.

°T. bifasciata (Say). Allantus hifasciatus Say. Macrophya
bifasciata Say.

T. rufipes Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii, Fig. 23.
New Haven, 9 June, 191 1 (A. B. C).

°T. formosa Norton. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv, Fig. 18.

°T. rubripes MacGillivray.

°T. causata MacGillivray.

°T. angulata Norton.

°T. eximia Norton..

92 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BulL

°T. simulata MacGillivray.

°T. secunda MacGillivray.

*T. lobata (Norton). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii. Fig. 4.
Farmingtoii (E. N.) ; Westville, 11 June, 1905 (W. E. B.).

T. angulifera (Norton). Connecticut (E. N.).

°T. frigida MacGillivray.

°T. lineata Provancher.

°T. rufopediba Norton.

°T. pallicola MacGillivray.

°T. hyalina MacGillivray.

''T. slossoni MacGillivray.

°T. junghannsii MacGallivray.

°T. nova MacGillivray.

°T. varians Norton.

°T. mutans Norton.

°T. montana Provancher.

*T. flavomarginis (Norton). Farmington (E. N.).

°T. cinctitibiis Norton. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii, Fig. 25.

°T. decorata Provancher.

Labidia Provancher.

"L. originalis (Norton). Allantus originalis Norton.
Body black, with the clypeus, labrum, mandibles at base, col-
lar broadly, scutellum, postscutellum, a spot on the outer side
of posterior coxas, anterior and middle femora beneath, tibiae
except a ring on the apex of the posterior pair, tarsi, basal
plates, apical half of each abdominal segment, interrupted at
middle on the first and second segments, yellow; body finely,
densely punctate ; veins and stigma rufous. Length 10 mm.

Macrcphya Dahlbom.

Key to Species.

I. Antennae wholly black 2

AntennjE not wholly black 27

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 93

2. Scutellum white or yellow 3

Scutellum wholly black lo

3. Mesopleurae wholly black 4

Mesopleurae with a white or yellow spot 7

4. Abdomen in part rufous or brownish 5

Abdomen wholly black 6

5. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally with segments two, three,

and four brownish; body black, with front and middle
legs, tegulae, and base of wings, brownish; collar, scutellum,
a large spot on side of posterior coxae, their apices, basal third
of posterior femora, and tarsi beyond basal three-fourths of

first segment, white ; wings hyaline. Length 8 mm nidonea

Abdomen rufous beyond basal plates; body black, with
clypeus, labrum, mandibles at base, collar, tegulse, scutel-
lum, front legs except coxae in part above and tibiae at apex
beneath, middle legs except a ring on apex of tibiae, poste-
rior legs (except basal half of coxae, apical two-thirds of
femora and a ring at their base, apical third of tibiae, and
basal half of metatarsus), white; mesopleurae uniformly
densely punctate. Length 8 mm omata

6. Middle legs beyond coxae in part black; body black, with

clypeus, labrum, collar, two spots on postocellar area, teg-
ulae, scutellum, front coxae at apex, front femora and tibiae
beneath, front tarsal segments at base, middle coxae at
apex, middle trochanters, middle femora at extreme base
and apex, middle tibiae except at apex, middle tarsi except at
apex, a spot on side and apex of hind coxae, hind trochan-
ters, middle of hind tibiae, hind metatarsi except extreme
base and apex, hind tarsi at apex, and basal plates at mid-
dle, white; veins black; wings smoky; head closely punc-
tate, with an impunctate area on each upper orbit. Length

9-10 mm epinota

Middle legs beyond apices of coxae wholly yellow; body
black, with clypeus, labrum, collar, tegulae, scutellum, front
and middle legs beyond apices of coxae, apices of hind
coxae, hind trochanters, basal half of hind femora, hind
tibiae except apical third, hind tarsi, and basal plates, yel-
low; stigma and veins brownish; head densely, finely
punctate, with minute impunctate areas on the upper orbits.
Length 8 mm texana

7. Abdomen rufous beyond first segment; body black, with

clypeus, labrum, collar, tegulae, scutellum, oblique spot on
pleurae, front and middle legs, hind coxae and hind trochan-
ters, basal half of hind femora, band on middle of hind
tibiae, and hind tarsi except apex of apical segment, yellow

or white. Length 8-9 mm trosula

Abdomen wholly black 8

94 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

8. Antennal area without an impunctate area; body black, with

clypeus, labrum, collar broadly, tegulse, scutellum, post-
scutellum, round spot on mesopleurse, front and middle
legs except apical third of femora and extreme base and
apex of tibiae, basal plates, and last abdominal segment,
yellow; stigma and veins brownish; mesopleurae above the
yellow spot much more densely punctate than below.

Length lo mm alba

Antennal area with a small impunctate area 9

9. Mesopleurae with upper half more coarsely and densely punc-

tate than lower half; basal plates yellow; body black, with
clypeus, labrum, collaj, tegulas, scutellum, an oblique band
on pleuras frequently interrupted, apices of front coxae,
front femora beneath, front tibiae beneath and at base, front
tarsal segments except at apex, middle coxae in great part,
middle trochanters, middle femora on basal half, middle
tibiae and tarsi except a ring at apex, hind coxae and
hind trochanters, basal third of hind femora, hind tibiae
except a ring at base and the apical fourth, a ring on mid-
dle of hind metatarsi, basal plates, and last abdominal seg-
ment, yellowish; wings smoky, veins and stigma brownish.

Length 10 mm pulchella

Mesopleurae with upper half slightly more coarsely but no
more densely punctate than lower half; basal plates wholly
black; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles at base,
collar, tegulae, scutellum, an oblique band on the mesopleurae
frequently interrupted, front and middle legs except tips of
femora and tibiae above and apices of tarsal segments, hind legs
(except apical half of femora, a ring at base of tibiae, apical
fifth of tibiae, and apices of tarsal segments), and an
oblique band on apex of metapleurae, yellow or white;

wings hyaline. Length 8-9 mm confusa

ID. Abdomen wholly black 11

Abdomen more or less pale; body black, with front and mid-
dle tibiae beneath and three basal segments of abdomen,
piceous; wings infuscated, veins black, stigma piceous.
Length 12 mm dejecta

1 1. Posterior tibiae in part pale ^ 12

Posterior tibiae wholly black 21

12. Posterior tibiae banded with pale at middle 13

Posterior tibiae with an outer pale line or spot, sometimes in-
distinct 19

13. Mesopleurae with a white or yellow spot 14

Mesopleurs wholly black 15

14. Mesopleurae more densely punctate on upper half than on

lower half; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 95

at base, collar, tegulae, line on pleurae, front legs beneath
and base of femora and tibiae above, middle legs except
at apex of femora above and a ring on apices of tibiae
and apices of tarsal segments, hind legs (except base of
coxse, apical two-thirds of femora, ring at base and apical
fourth of tibise, and ring on apices of tarsi) white. Length

9 mm lineata

Mesopleurae uniformly densely punctate ; body black, with
clypeus, labrum, collar, tegulae, round spot on pleurae,
front and middle femora, hind legs with apices and spot
on side of coxse, trochanters, ring on base and apex of
femora, middle of tibiae, tarsi with ring at apex of each
segment and base of metatarsus, white. Length g mm.

punctata

15. lAntennal area no more densely punctate than postocellar

area 16

Antennal area distinctly more densely punctate than post-
ocellar area 17

16. Antennal area* with a distinctly rounded, pit-like median

fovea; body black, with apex of labrum, collar and tegulae
narrowly, front legs beyond coxae and beneath except
basal third of femora, middle legs beyond coxs (except
femora, ring at apex of tibiae, and apices of tarsi), an
elongate spot on hind coxje, their apices, hind tarsi except
at apices of segments, basal half of hind metatarsi, and

hind margin of basal plates, white. Length g mm mixta

Antennal area without any indication of a median fovea;
body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles at base, line
on collar and tegulfe, front and middle legs beneath ex-
cept middle femora, an elongate spot on hind coxae, hind
trochanters, ring at base of hind femora, ring at middle of
hind tibiae, hind tarsal segments except ring at apex, and
hind margin of basal plates, white. Length lo-ii mm.

pannosa

17. Posterior coxae black, with a large outer white or yellow spot 18
Posterior coxte, except at tip, wholly black; body black, with

clypeus, labrum, collar tegulae, legs (except base of coxae,
apex of front femora and tibiae above, apex of middle
femora and tibiae, apex of hind femora, base and apex
of hind tibiae and hind tarsi), and basal plates, yellow.
Length 10 mm proximata

18. Front and middle femora black on basal half; body black,

with clypeus, labrum, collar, tegulae, apical half to two-
thirds of coxae, trochanters, apical fifth of front and middle
femora, front and middle tibiae except a line above and a
ring at apex, front and middle tarsi except at apex, basal
fourth of posterior femora, a ring on middle of posterior
tibiae, and tarsi except at apex, yellow. Length 10 mm. .flavicoxa

96 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Front and middle femora wholly yellow; body black, with
clypeus, labrum, collar, tegulas, front and middle legs
except a ring at apex of tibiae and apex of tarsi, posterior
coxae, trochanters, basal half of femora, median half of
tibiae, and tarsi except at apex, yellow. Length 10 mm.

incerta

19. Posterior coxae wholly black; body black, with clypeus, la-

brum, line on collar, tegulae, trochanters, a ring on base
and apex of femora, front and middle tibiae and tarsi be-
neath, and a line on hind tibiae, white; scutellum densely

punctate. Length lo-ii mm externa

Posterior coxae black, with a white spot on the side 20

20. Posterior orbits as densely punctate as the antennal area;

body black, with clypeus, labrum, two spots on occiput,
very narrow line on collar and tegulse, a spot on the outer
side of coxae, trochanters, apical half of front and mid-
dle femora beneath, front and middle tibiae beneath, front
and middle tarsi except a ring at apices of segments,
posterior tibiae on upper median half, and hind margin of

the basal plates, white. Length 10 mm tibiator

Posterior orbits not as densely punctate as the antennal
area; body black, with clypeus, labrum, narrow line on col-
lar, tegulae, front coxae beneath, a spot on side of middle
and hind coxae, trochanters, front femora at apex be-
neath, front and middle tibiae beneath, front and middle
tarsi beneath, posterior tibiae at middle above, and pos-
terior tarsi beyond the apex of the metatarsi except a ring
at apex of each segment, white. Length 9 mm bilineata

21. Posterior legs wholly black; body black, with base of mandi-

bles, apical half of front femora, and tibiae beneath, white;
body strongly punctate throughout; wings fuliginous.

Length 12 mm fuliginea

Posterior legs in part white or yellow 22

22. Posterior coxae wholly or in great part pale 23

Posterior coxae black, with an outer pale mark 24

23. Anterior tibiae wholly yellow (male) fiavicoxa

Anterior tibiae with a black line above (male) incerta

24. Head with an impunctate area below median ocellus; body

black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles at base, line on
collar, tegulae, coxae at apex and a spot on outer margin,
trochanters, apical half of anterior femora beneath, an-
terior tibiae beneath, apical half of middle tibiae beneath,
tarsi except a ring at apices of segments, and posterior meta-
tarsi, white ; postocellar area distinctly separated from upper

orbits. Length 11-12 mm propinqua

Head without an impunctate area below median ocellus 25

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 97

25. Postocellar area densely punctate throughout 26

Postocellar area sparsely punctate, except on its occipital
margin; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles at
base, front coxae in great part beneath, middle coxae at
apex, hind coxae at apex, and a large spot on outer side,
trochanters, front femora at apex beneath, front and mid-
dle tibiae beneath, and tarsi except apices of segments and
posterior metatarsi, white; upper orbits with a large im-
punctate area. Length 8 mm contaminata

2(i. Mesopleurae more densely punctate on upper portion than
lower; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles at base,
narrow line on collar and tegulae, front and middle legs
beneath except base of coxae, a large spot on side of hind
coxae, hind trochanters, and hind tarsi beyond the meta-
tarsi, white; upper orbits with a large impunctate area.

Length 8 mm albomaculata

Mesopleurae uniformly densely punctate throughout; body
black, with tip of labrum, front and middle legs beneath
beyond middle of coxae, apices and a large spot on outer
side of hind coxae, and hind trochanters, white; front, post-
ocellar area, and upper orbits almost uniformly finely
punctate minuta

27. Antennae pale at base or apex 28

Antennae pale at base and apex 37

28. Antennae pale at apex 29

Antennae pale at base 31

29. Collar black; body black, with antennae at apex, labrum in

part, trochanters, front legs beyond middle of femora be-
neath, middle legs beyond basal two-thirds beneath, and
a large spot on the side of the posterior coxae, white; head uni-
formly densely punctate. Length 10 mm nigra

Collar broadly white 30

30. Middle of head between antennal furrows distinctly elevated;

posterior orbits polished and obsoletely punctate; body black,
with apex of antennae, clypeus, labrum, base of mandibles,
collar broadly, V-spot, a triangular spot on pleurae, sometimes
a mere dot, or wanting, an elongate dot at base of each wing,
sometimes wanting, scutellum, front and middle legs (ex-
cept femora and tibiae above, a ring at apex of tibiae, and
rings at apices of tarsal segments), a spot on side of hind
coxae, hind trochanters, hind femora beneath, venter of ab-
domen, and dorsal apical margin of segments, enlarged at
sides (apical margin sometimes wanting), white. Length

1 1 mm zonalis

Middle of head between antennal furrows not decidedly ele-
vated; posterior orbits distinctly punctate; body black,

7

98 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

with antennae at apex, clypeus, labrum, mandibles at base,
collar, V-spot, sometimes wanting, scutellum, front legs
beyond basal third of femora beneath, tarsal segments at base,
middle femora at apex beneath, middle tibiae in part be-
neath, middle tarsal segments at base, a spot on hind
coxa;, hind trochanters, hind femora beneath, and apical
margins of abdominal segments, white. Length lo-ii mm.

trisyllaba

31. Abdomen wholly or in part rufous 32

Abdomen wholly black, or black marked with white 34

32. Abdomen wholly rufous; body black, with clypeus, labrum,

mandibles at base, collar, tegulae, V-spot, scutellum, post-
scutellum, angular spot on pleuras, front legs entirely, mid-
dle legs except a black line on femora, posterior coxae
except a black line, trochanters, basal third of femora, a
stripe at middle above on posterior tibiae, and posterior
tarsi beyond middle of metatarsi, white; two basal seg-
ments of antennae, abdomen including basal plates except
saw-guides, posterior two-thirds of femora, posterior
tibiae at base and apex, and basal half of posterior meta-
tarsi, rufous. Length 8 mm goniphora

Abdomen wK'olly or in part rufous beyond second segment.. 33

33. Vertical furrows not distinct and line-like; body black, with

two basal segments of antennae, clypeus, labrum, mandibles,
collar broadly, tegulae, V-spot, scutellum, postscutellum,
round spot on pleurae, posterior margin of mesopleurae,
legs except apex of posterior femora and tibiae, and basal
plates, yellow ; abdomen usually with the third, fourth, and

fifth dorsal segments, rufous. Length 9-10 mm intermedia

Vertical furrows distinct, line-like; body black, with two
basal segments of antennae, clypeus, labrum, mandibles at
base, spot on supraclypeal area, collar broadly, tegulae,
scutellum, postscutellum, rounded spot on pleurae, spot at
base of hind wings, legs (except basal half of hind coxae,
apical half of hind femora, and ring at apex of hind tibiae),
yellow; fourth and fifth segments of tergum rufous.
Length 12 mm formosa

34. Head uniformly densely punctate 35

Head with upper orbits not as densely punctate as antennal

area 36

35. Abdomen wholly black; body black, with two basal antennal

segments, collar, a spot below collar on pleurae, front
and middle legs beyond coxae except a band at middle of
femora, apices of posterior coxae, their trochanters, a ring on
base of femora, tibiae except a ring at apex, tarsi in part,
and basal plates, white; body coarsely punctate. Length
8 mm cesta

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 99

Abdomen black, apical margin of segments margined with
yellow; body black, with two basal segments of antennae,
clypeus, labrum, mandibles at base, collar broadly, tegulae,
rounded spot on mesopleurae, legs beyond apices of coxae
except apex of posterior femora and tibiae, basal plates, and
dorsal apical margin of abdominal segments, broader be-
hind, white or yellow. Length 9 mm succincta

36. Postocellar area separated from posterior orbits by deep,

well-marked vertical furrows; body black, with two basal
segments of antennas, clypeus, labrum, V-shaped spot on
collar, tegulae, scutellum, legs beyond apices of coxas ex-
cept apices of posterior femora and tibiae, an elongate spot
on outer upper side of posterior coxas, and basal plates,
yellow; upper orbits polished, almost entirely without

punctures. Length 11 mm melanopleura

Postocellar area not distinctly separated from upper orbits,
vertical furrows feeble (See sec. 23) intermedia

37. Pleurae with a large oblique white mark; body black, with

apex of antennae, supraclypeal area, clypeus, labrum, man-
dibles at base, pronotum in great part, V-spot, scutellum,
postscutellum, large mark on pleurae, spot at base of hind
wings, front and middle coxae, trochanters, and basal half
of femora, a spot on hind coxae, their apices, trochanters
and basal half of femora, and basal plates in part, white;
two basal segments of antennae, tegulae, remainder of legs
except apical half of femora, and abdomen except basal
plates in part and terguni of first segment, rufous. Length

10 mm f ascialis

Pleurae wholly black; body black, with apex of antennae,
clypeus, labrum, mandibles at base, collar, V-spot, scutel-
lum, postscutellum, apical half of front and middle coxae,
front and middle trochanters, basal half of front and mid-
dle femora, hind coxae beneath and a large spot on the
outer side, hind trochanters, basal half of hind femora,
and hind tarsi, white; basal segment of antennje, tegulae,
remainder of legs except apices of .tibiae, and abdominal
segments two to five, rufous. Length 10 mm varia

°M. nidonea MacGillivray.

°M. ornata MacGillivray.

M. epinota (Say). Connecticut (E. N.) ; Hartford
(Nason).

°M. texana Cresson.

M. trosula (Say). Connecticut (E. N.) ; New Haven, 30
May, 1910 (W. E. B.).

lOO CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

M. alba MacGillivray. Macrophya pulchella var. alha Mac-
Gillivray. Macrophya sonata Konow. New Haven, 21 May,
1910 (A. B. C).

M. pulchella (Klug). Connecticut (E. N.).

°M. confusa MacGillivray.

°M. dejecta (Norton).

*M. lineata Norton. Connecticut (E. N.) ; Farmington;
New Haven, i June, 1908, Westville, 2 June, 1908 (B. H. W.) ;
Hamden, 25 May, 191 1 (A. B. C).

°M. punctata MacGillivray.

°M. mixta MacGillivray.

M. pannosa (Say). Yalesville, 26 May, 1908, 17 June, 1907
(B. H. W.).

*M. proximata Norton. Connecticut (E. N.).

*M. flavicoxa (Norton). Larva feeds on elder. Connecticut
(E. N.) ; Waterbury, 9 June, 1905 (VV. E. B.) ; New Haven, 21
May, 1910 (A. B. C).

*M. incerta (Norton). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv, Fig.
20, Connecticut (E. N.).

M. externa (Say). Larva feeds on hickory. Connecticut,
(E. N.) ; Poquonock, 27 June, 1905 (B. H. W.) ; New Haven,
14 June, 1910 (A. B. C), 26, 30 May, 1911 (A. B. C. and B. H.
W.) ; Hamden, 25 May, 191 1 (B. H. W.).

M. tibiator Norton. Larva feeds on elder. Connecticut
(E. N.) ; Westville, 2 June, 1908 (B. H. W.).

M. bilineata MacGillivray. Larva feeds on Viburnum.
Milldale, 21 May, 1906 (B. H. W.).

M. fuliginea Norton. New Haven, 17 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).
°M. propinqua Harrington.
°M. contaminata Provancher.
*M. albomaculata (Norton). Connecticut (E. N.).

M. minuta MacGillivray. Orange, 4 July, 1910 (B. H. W.).
*M. nigra (Norton). Farmington (E. N.) ; Hamden, i June,
1911, New Haven, 28 June, 1911 (A. B. C).
°M. zonalis Norton.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. lOI

*M. trisyllaba (Norton). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii, Fig.
8. Larva feeds on elder. Connecticut (E. N.) ; New Haven,
27 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.).

M. goniphora (Say). Connecticut (E. N.) ; Hamden, i
June, 1911 (A. B. C).

*M. intermedia (Norton). Connecticut (E. N.).
M. formosa (Klug). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv. Fig. 25.
Connecticut (E. N.) ; New Haven, 8 June, 1904 (W. E. B.), 4
July, 1905 (H. L. v.), 20 July, 1904 (B. H. W.), 24 June, 1902
(E. J. S. M.).

°M. cesta (Say).

M. succincta Cresson. Stonington, 8, 14, June, 1906 (W.
E. B.) ; New Haven, 25 June, 1907 (B. H. W.), 6 June, 1908
(W. E. B.), 26 May, 191 1 (A. B. C).

°M. melanopleura MacGillivray.

*M. fascialis Norton. Farmington (E. N.) ; New Haven, 4
July, 1905 (H. L. v.).

*M. varia (Norton). Farmington (E. N.).

AUantus Jurine.

Key to Species.
I. Female: posterior femora pale at base and black at apex, or
black above and pale below; body black, with clypeus, labrum,
mandibles, line on lower half of postgenae adjacent to
eyes, two basal segments of antennae, collar, tegul^, meso-
pleurae broadly, scutellum, a spot above posterior coxae,
legs beyond coxae (except middle femora at apex above,
apical half of posterior femora, and a ring on apex of
posterior tibiae), basal plates, abdominal segments four, seven,
and eight, and a spot on each side of fifth and sixth, yellow.
Male differs in having only basal segment of antennae, genae,
lower half of postgenae, mesopleurae entirely, sides of prono-
tum, metapleurae, legs entirely except a black line above on
middle and hind legs and hind tarsi, and abdomen beyond basal

plates, white or yellow. Length 12 mm basilaris

Female: posterior femora wholly black or rufous; body black,
with clypeus, labrum, mandibles, genas, lower half of postgenae,
spot on mesopleurae, sometimes wanting, scutellum, tro-
chanters, tibiae, becoming rufous at apex, tarsi, basal plates,
and abdominal segments five to seven with a short band

102 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

interrupted at middle, yellow; antennae, tegulae, upper
orbits at times, front femora, wings, veins, and stigma,
rufous. Male differs in having antennae black, front femora
entirely and middle femora beneath pale, and abdominal
segments two to four entirely yellow. Length 12 mm.

dubius

A. basilaris (Say). Howard, Insect Book, PI, xiii, Fig. 15.
Connecticut (E. N.) ; New Haven (H. L. V.) ; Canaan (A. P.
Morse) ; Prospect, 15 August, 1906, Hamden, 23 August, 1910
(W. E. B.).

A. dubius Norton. A. robustus Provancher. Scotland (B.
H. W.) ; Colebrook, 20 July, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Lyme, 31 July,
1910 (A. B.C.).

CiMBICIN.E.
Key to Genera.

1. Free part of 2d A present 2

Free part of 2d A wanting, due to anastomosing of anal veins

at middle Abia p. 102

2. Basal plates deeply emarginate at apex and filled with a

chitinous membrane; hind femora not toothed. .Cimbex p. 103
Basal plates not or scarcely emarginate at apex and never
with a chitinous membrane; hind femora more or less
distinctly toothed beneath Trichiosoma p. 103

Abia Leach.

* A. inflata (Norton). Z area inflata 'Hovton. Howard, Insect
Book, PI. xii, Fig. 8; PI. xiii, Fig. 28.

Basal plates v/hite ; body bluish black, with the legs beyond
the coxae except the basal two-thirds of the front and middle fe-
mora, and the basal plates, white; the posterior femora some-
times infuscated above; third and following abdominal seg-
ments with a band of sericeous pile, in no case covering the
entire segment. Length 11 mm. Larva feeds on honeysuckle.

Farmington (E. N.).

°A. americana (Cresson). Zarea americana Cresson. How-
ard, Insect Book, PI. xiv, Fig. 21.

Basal plates not white; body greenish black, with the tro-
chanters, apices of the femora, the tibiae, and the tarsi, white;
third and following abdominal segments with a band of sericeous
pile covering practically the entire segment. Length 8-12 mm.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. IO3

Trichiosoma Leach.
Key to Species.

1. Abdomen black, or at most with only the apex and lateral

margins more or less rufous 2

Abdomen entirely rufous, or at most with only first and
second segments with bars of black; tibiae and tarsi yel-
lowish white; remainder of body black; pubescence of ver-
tex black, of front, thorax, and base of abdomen, yellow;
abdomen in great part bare, sides of segments with a
short yellow pile with scattered longer hairs. Length
15-20 mm confusiim

2. Abdomen wholly black or at least the last segment in most part

black • • 3

Abdomen black with apex and lateral margin rufous, at least
the apical segment always rufous; tibiae and tarsi yellow;
remainder of body black; pubescence of vertex and front
woolly, black, mixed with a few yellow hairs; pubescence
of thorax and abdomen long, yellow, woplly and matted.
Length 20-25 mm triangulum

3. Abdomen densely covered with short black pile; tibiae and

tarsi yellow; remainder of body black; pubescence of head
and abdomen black; pubescence of thorax yellow, except
a transverse band across the middle, which is black; abdomen

short and broad, broadest at middle. Length 15 mm crassum

Abdomen covered with long, woolly, gray hair; tibiae and
tarsi yellow; tibiae sometimes infuscated at base; remainder
of body black; pubescence of entire body consisting of
woolly gray hairs, more abundant on head and thorax;
abdomen long and slender, sides parallel. Length 15-18
mm spicatum

°T. confusum MacGillivray.

T. triangulum Kirby. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xii, Fig.
5. Larva feeds on willow, wild cherry, poplar, alder. New
Haven (F. E. Willits) ; Oxford, 21 May, 1904 (W. E. B.).

T. crassum W. F. Kirby. Lyme, i May, 1910 (A. B. C).
°T. spicatum MacGillivray.

Cimbex Olivier.
Key to Species.
I. Tibiae pale yellow; body black, with antennae, tibiae and tarsi
yellow; prothorax, middle of abdominal segments two to
five and part of following segments yellowish ferruginous;

104 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST, SURVEY. [Bull.

broad band at sides of abdominal segments two to four
and spot at sides of segment five, white. Length i6 mm.

semidea
Tibiae black 2

2. Abdominal segments never marked with white 3

Abdominal segments always marked at sides with white.... 5

3. Abdomen steel blue 4

Abdomen for the most part rufous (male) . .americana var. laportei

4. Wings for the most part hyaline; body steel-blue, with tarsi

and antennae beyond second segment yellow; head and
thorax clothed with long black hairs (male). Length 20
mm americana

5. Abdomen almost wholly steel-blue, with obscure spots on

each side of fifth or fifth and sixth abdominal segments; body
steel-blue, with the tarsi and the antennae beyond the second
segment, yellow; head and thorax more or less covered
with long black hairs. Length 20-25 ^^rn. (female) . .americana
Abdomen steel-blue, with three or more distinct white spots 6

6. Abdomen with a white spot on each side of third, fourth,

and fifth segments; wings violaceous (female)

americana var. nortoni
Abdomen with more than three segments marked with white 7

7. Abdominal segments marked with small rounded spots 8

Abdominal segments marked with broad transverse bands... 9

8. Abdomen with white spots on each side of segments two to five;

wings violaceous (female) americana var. luctifera

Abdomen with white spots on each side of segments two to six;

wings hyaline (female) americana var. decimaculata

0. Abdomen with white bands on segments two to six; wings

violaceous (female) americana var. dahlbomii

Abdomen with white bands on segments two to seven, fre-
quently meeting at middle; wings hyaline (female)

americana var. alba

°C. semidea Cresson.

C. americana var. laportei LePeletier. New Haven (F. E.
Willits).

C. americana Leach. Hov^rard, Insect Book, PI. xii. Fig. 4
(male), Fig, 44, p. 74 (female). Larva feeds on willow,
elm, poplar, alder, maple, and linden. Connecticut (E. N.) ;
New Haven, 2 June, 1904 (H. L. V.) ; Woodmont (W. E. B.) ;
Stonington, August, 1907 (G, H. Hollister).

*C. americana var. nortoni MacGillivray. Howard, Insect
Book, PI. xii, Fig, i. Connecticut (E. N.).

°C. americana var. luctifera Kirby.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. IO5

o

o

o

C. americana var. decimaculata Norton.

C. americana var. dahlbomii Guerin-Meneville.

C. americana var. alba Norton.

HOPLOCAMPIN^.
Key to Genera.

1. Claws bifid 3

Claws never bifid 2

2. Claws simple, without a tooth on their inner margin Marlattia p. 105
Claws with a minute, erect tooth at middle . . .Hoplocampa p. 105

3. Front wings with the transverse part of M2 received in cell R4

some distance before the free part of the vein R5

Craterocercus p. 105
Front wings with the transverse part of M2 either interstitial with
the free part of Rs or received in cell Rs . . . .Hemichroa p. 106

Marlattia Ash mead.

°M. laricis (Marlatt). Hemichroa laricis Marlatt.
Body black, with the mouth-parts scarcely paler than the body-
color or slightly reddish ; tegulae and legs beyond the coxae strong-
ly infuscated, pallid; wings infuscated; clypeus broadly, shal-
lowly emarginate with a strong transverse ridge near the base;
pentagonal area distinct, ridges somewhat rounded, median fovea
shallow and circular; antennae with fourth segment much longer
than third; saw-guides short and rounded at tip. Length 5.5
mm. Larva feeds on larch.

Hoplocampa Hartig.

H. halcyon Norton.

Body ochreous, with the mesonotum, metanotum, and ter-
gum of the abdomen black, or body sometimes entirely ochre-
ous; clypeus distinctly emarginate; pentagonal area and me-
dian fovea wanting; third segment of the antennae longer than
the fourth, tooth of claws minute. Length 3.5 mm.

Lyme, 14 May, 191 1 (A. B. C).

Craterocercus Rohwer.

Key to Species.

I. Mesonotum and collar marked with white 2

Mesonotum and collar black; body black, with legs beyond
femora white; third segment of antennae shorter than

I06 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

fourth; clypeus distinctly emarginate; median fovea large,
shallow, circular; wings infuscated on basal half. Length
6 mm infuscatus

2. Basal plates black 3

Basal plates white; body black, with edge of clypeus, labrum,

tegulse, collar, median lobe of mesonotum, lateral lobes
in part, a band on the four basal segments of the tergum, edge
of three apical segments, and legs, except a band on hind
femora and the hind tarsi, white; third and fourth seg-
ments of antennae subequal. Length 6 mm. (female)

albidovariatus

3. Median lobe of mesonotum in great part white (male) albidovariatus
Median lobe of mesonotum with white lines, short and

obscure phs^tophagicus

°C. infuscatus MacGillivray.

°C. albidovariatus (Norton), Hemichroa alhidovariata Nor-
ton. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv, Fig. 19 (female). Larva
feeds on black oak.

°C. phytophagicus (Dyar). Hemichroa phytophagica Dyar.
Larva feeds on white oak.

Hemichroa Stephens.
°H. americana (Provancher). Dineura americana Provan-
cher.

Scutellum polished, impunctate; body of female rufous, with
metathorax, antennae, coxae, trochanters, front femora at base,
middle and posterior femora, tibiae at tip, tarsi, and saw-guides,
black ; tibiae white ; wings infuscated, paler at apex ; pentagonal
area indistinct, walls flat ; median fovea shallow, elongate ; third
and fourth segments of the antennae subequal ; body of male black,
with legs beyond coxae and tegulae rufous. Length 5.7 mm.
Larva feeds on alder; gregarious.

H. fraternalis Norton.

Scutellum uniformly finely punctate; body of female with
the median lobe of the mesonotum, the lateral lobes in part, a
large spot on the mesopleurae, the venter of the abdomen, the basal
plates, and more or less of each of the other tergal segments,
rufous; prothorax for the most part, the tegulae, the legs
except the posterior femora, and the costa and stigma, white;

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 10/

male differs in lacking the rufous and in having the femora in
great part black. Length 9 mm. Larva feeds on white oak.

New Haven, 1907 (A. D. Reid), 21 May, 1910 (A. B. C.) ;
Lyme i May, 1910 (A. B. C).

DlNEURIN.^.

Key to Genera.

Front wings with transverse part of M2 interstitial with free
part of R3; free part of Sci situated before the medio-cubital
cross-vein Mesoneura p. 107

Front wings with transverse part of M2 received in cell Rs
and never interstitial with free part of vein R5; free part
of Sci interstitial with or situated beyond the medio-cubital
cross-vein Dineura p. 107

Mesoneura Hartig.
*M. parva (Norton). Dineura parva Norton.
Body black, with the tegulae and the apex of the venter pic-
eous ; legs yellow-rufous ; wings hyaline, the veins brown ; an-
tennae filiform, third and fourth segments subequal; head without
depressions about ocelli ; clypeus truncate. Length 4 mm.
Farmington (E. N.).

Dineura Dahlbom.
Key to Species.

1. Antennae with third segment longer than or subequal to

fourth 2

Antennae with third segment shorter than fourth; body black,
with legs beyond base of femora and apex of venter rufo-
testaceous; wings hyaline, iridescent, veins brown, costal
vein and stigma dull luteous. Length 5 mm luteipes

2. Mesonotum more or less marked with rufous; body black,

with prothorax, tegulae, side lobes of mesonotum, pleurae,
legs, and apex of abdomen, rufous; wings hyaline, stigma

pale, cell Ri almost square. Length 5 mm linita

Mesonotum wholly black; body black, with tegulae, collar,
large spot on pleurae, legs, apical half of tergum, and
apical two-thirds of venter, rufous; basal half of stigma
white ; cell R4 longer than wide. Length 4.5 mm lateralis

°D. luteipes Cresson.
°D. linita Norton.

o

D. lateralis Norton.

I08 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

MONOCTENIN^

Monoctenus Dahlbom.

Front wings with medio-cubital cross-vein in the angle between
R + M and M ; the free part of 2nd A wanting and the anal
veins anastomosing at middle ; radial cross-vein wanting ; the
antennas with more than nine segments.

°M. fulvus (Norton.) Lophyrus fulvus Norton. Howard,
Insect Book, PI. xiv. Figs ii and i6.

Body rufous, with a lunate mark about the ocelli, the an-
tennae, a spot on each lateral lobe, the metathorax in great
part, the dorsal part of the mesopleurae, the ventral margin of
the mesopleurae, the pectus, the venter of the abdomen, the
basal plates and the first abdominal segment, black; varies
until practically entire body except legs is black; antennae
with a variable number of segments. Length 8 mm.

CLADIINiE.

Key to Genera.

1. Front wings with transverse part of M2 received in cell R4 . . 3
Front wings with transverse part of Ma received in cell Rs. . 2

2. Claws simple Anoplonyx p. 108

Claws bifid Platycampus p. 109

3. Hind wings without an appendage at the apex of cell R1+2 ....

Priophorus p. 109
Hind wings with an appendage at the apex of cell R1+2 4

4. Front and middle metatarsi never more than one-half the

length of their tibiae; tarsal segments all of practically
the same width throughout, segmentation indistinct; an-
tennas of male with prominent branches or projections at

tip of basal segments at least Cladius p. no

Front and middle metatarsi never more than one-third the
length of their tibiae; tarsal segments distinctly broader at
apex than at base, segmentation very distinct; antennae
never with projections at apices of segments, male with

a blunt projection at base of third segment beneath

Trichiocampus p. no

Anoplonyx Marlatt.
°A. canadensis Harrington.
Body black, with edge of the clypeus, labrum, mandibles,
tegulae, and legs except coxae, pale honey-yellow ; veins, includ-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. IO9

ing costa and stigma, pale ; body impunctate, pentagonal area
distinct, not strongly marked ; antennal segments three to five
sub-equal ; clypeus emarginate. Length 5 mm.

Platycampus Schiodte.

°P. americanus (Marlatt). Camponiscus americanus Marlatt.
Body rufous, with the antennas above, spot about ocelli, tip of
scutellum, postscutellum, metathorax more or less, hind coxae,
base of abdomen beneath, mesopleurse more or less, femora more
or less, apex of hind tibiae, and hind tarsi, brownish or infus-
cated; pentagonal area sharply defined; frontal ridge strong, un-
broken; median fovea broad and deep; antennal segments
three and four subequal. Length 5-6 mm. Larva feeds on
poplar.

Priophorus Latreille.
Key to Species.

1. Frontal crest never large and prominent and never extending

laterally to eyes; entire free part of Sci always distinct. ... 2
Frontal crest large and prominent, extending laterally to
eyes; free part of Sci almost entirely atrophied; body
black, with legs beyond knees semi-resinous to brown;
clypeus transverse, deeply emarginate; antennal furrow
extending as a groove along lateral margin of antenna to
about the middle of the front, where it is interrupted by the
frontal crest, then continued as a short groove behind the
lateral ocelli; median fovea triangular, flat. Length 6 mm.

simplicicornis

2. Frontal crest distinct or subdistinct; color black, with apical

half of legs paler 3

Frontal crest wanting; ocellar furrow distinct; body resinous,
with head except mouth, antennae except two basal seg-
ments, and mesonotum and metanotum, black; clypeus
shallowly emarginate with rounded lateral angles; antennal
furrow continuous; median fovea shallow and indefinite;
pentagonal area wanting; third antennal segment longer
than fourth. Length 4 mm acericaulis

3. Frontal crest broken by median fovea; sides of ocellar basin

scarcely indicated; ocellar furrow distinct; body black,
with legs beyond knees, four hind trochanters, and anterior
femora on the sides, white ; clypeus transverse and deeply
emarginate; median fovea deeply concave; third and fourth
antennal segments subequal. Length 6 mm sequalis

no CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Frontal crest entire, not broken by median fovea; sides
of ocellar basin clearly distinguishable; ocellar furrow
scarcely indicated; body black, with legs beyond knees
white; clypeus transverse, deeply and roundly emarginate,
lateral angles prominent; median fovea large, broad, shield-
shaped; third and fourth antennal segments subequal.
Length 7 mm solitaris

P. simplicicornis (Norton). Cladius simplicicornis Norton.
New Haven (A. E. V.)

*P. acericaulis MacGillivray. Larva a borer in the leaf-
stems of the sugar maple. New Haven, Stonington (W. E.
B.) ; Southington, New Haven (B. H. W.).

*P. aequalis (Norton). Cladius ceqiialis Norton. Farmington
(E. N.).

°P. solitaris (Dyar). Larva feeds on alder.

Cladius Illiger.

C. pectinicornis Fourcroy. Cladius isomera Norton. How-
ard, Insect Book, PI. xii, Fig. 19.

Body black, with the legs beyond the knees and the costa
whitish ; third segment of the antennje shorter than the fourth ;
clypeus transverse, broad, shallowly emarginate ; pentagonal area
indistinct ; frontal crest distinct and broadly broken ; median fo-
vea broad, flat, indistinct; antennae of the male with projections
at the apex of segments three to six, largest at base. Length 6-8
mm. Larva feeds on rose.

Farmington (E. N.) ; New Haven (H. L. V.), 6, 29 July,
1910 (W. E. B.) ; Orange, 21 May, 1911 (A. B. C).

Trichiocampus Hartig.

T. viminalis Fallen. Auliacomerus lutescens Lintner.

Abdomen rufous ; body black, with the antennae, the legs, the
pleurae broadly, and the abdomen, rufous ; third segment of the
antennae not as long as the fourth ; pentagonal area distinct, the
frontal crest broken, the median fovea large, elongate ; basal
two-thirds of the wings infuscated. Length 10 mm. Larva
feeds on Populus monilifera. New Haven (W. E. B.)

°T. gregarius Dyar.

Abdomen black ; body black, with the front and middle legs
beyond the middle of their femora and the hind legs beyond the

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. Ill

femora white; third and fourth segments of the antennae
subequal; pentagonal area distinct, the frontal crest slightly-
broken, the median fovea small, circular ; 'basal two-thirds of the
wings dark, smoky black. Length 6 mm. Larva feeds on
Populus tremuloides.

Nematin^.*

The types of the following species are not accessible and it
is impossible to locate them in the tables.

Nematus (Pteronus?) longicornus Say.

Body black, with the postgenae, orbits, face below the anten-
nae, the tegulae, the angles of the pronotum, the pleurae except
two black spots, the body beneath, and the legs (except the api-
cal half of the hind femora, their tibiae, and their tarsi), whitish;
antennal segments three and four subequal ; clypeus angulately
emarginate ; male with the antennae pale fulvous beneath ; the
third segment shorter than the fourth and curved at base.
Length 12 mm.

Connecticut (E. N.).

*Nematus (Pachynematus) nigritus Norton.

Body black, with the postgenae, the clypeus, the labrum, the
tegulae, and the apex of the abdomen above and below, yellowish ;
the trochanters, the apical half of the femora, the tibiae except
the tips and base of the hind pair, reddish white ; antennae with
the third segment shorter than the fourth; clypeus hardly
emarginate. Length 12 mm.

Connecticut (E. N.).

Key to Genera.

1. Claws simple, without a tooth; clypeus emarginate; head

with frontal area indistinct or wanting Diphadnus p. 112

Claws with a tooth 2

2. Claws with a small, erect tooth at middle 3

Claws cleft at apex, the two rays usually subequal in length. . 5

3. Clypeus emarginate, sometimes very slightly; vertex with

a fairly distinct frontal area; radio-medial cross-vein
always present Pachynematus p. 115

*In the preparation of the tables dealing with this subfamily free use has been made
of a paper by C. L. Marlatt, "Revision of the Nematinae of North America," Bull. No. 3,
Technical Series, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

112 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Clypeus squarely truncate; radio-medial cross-vein usually
wanting 4

4. Frontal area of head more or less distinct; saw-guides sim-

ple; elongate species Lygaeonematus p. 1x5

Frontal area entirely wanting; saw-guides with a distinct
scopa; short, ovate species Pristiphora p. 113

5. Front wings with free part of R5 always present and the cells

Rs and R* therefore always separate 6

Front wings with free part of R5 always wanting and the cells
Rs and R* therefore always united Euura p. 141

6. Antennae of female filiform, of practically the same width

throughout; eighth dorsal segment of abdomen of male with
a small, blunt, more or less awl-shaped projection; small

species Pontania p. 137

Antennae of female setaceous, distinctly tapering toward apex;
eighth dorsal segment of abdomen of male with a broad,
obtusely pointed projection, or not at all produced at the tip;
usually larger than 5 mm 7

7. Hind tibiae at apex and hind metatarsus not strongly com-

pressed and flattened 8

Hind tibiae at apex and hind metatarsus strongly, foliaceously
compressed and flattened Croesus p. 121

8. Head with frontal area distinct; thorax shining, smooth, at

most sparsely punctate ; head triangular when viewed in front 9
Head with frontal area wanting; thorax opaque, with dense, fine

punctures ; head round when viewed in front

Amauronematus p. 121

9. Male with the last ventral abdominal segment obtusely trian-

gularly produced at the apex; saw-guides of female of the

usual form Pteronidea p. 124

Male with the last ventral abdominal segment excavated at
the tip, and not obtusely triangularly produced at the apex;
saw-guides of female very broad, large, and thickened ....

Nematus p. 120

Diphadnus Hartig.

Key to Species.

I. Pronotum with angles broadly yellow 2

Pronotum with angles black; vertex smooth, shining, frontal
crest almost obsolete; third antennal segment longer than
fourth; median fovea very minute, circular; saw-guides
scarcely projecting, tapering, rather densely clothed with
hairs; body shining black, with tegulae and legs light yel-
lowish; bases of coxae and anterior femora somewhat in-

fuscated; antennae pale beneath. Length 5 mm

appendiculatus

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. II3

2. Clypeus and labrum black; head densely punctate, opaque;
clypeus very slightly emarginate beneath and acuminate
at tip; body black, with angles of pronotum, tegulae, tro-
chanters, apices of femora, especially the front pair, tibiae,
and tarsi, yellowish ferruginous; posterior tibiae and tarsi

somewhat infuscatcd. Length 4.5 mm califomicus

Clypeus and labrum pale; head and thorax punctate; clypeus
squarely truncate; frontal crest rounded, almost wanting;
antennal segments three to five subequal ; procidentia
very broad, obtusely, strongly keeled; body black, with
clypeus, labrum, and mouth-parts pallid; angles of pro-
notum, tegulse, more or less of apical half of femora,
anterior tibiae and tarsi, and basal two-thirds of tibiae, yel-
lowish. Length 5.5 mm proximatus

D. appendiculatus (Hartig). Pristiphora grossularia Walsh.
Gymnonychus appendiculatus Hartig. Larva feeds on goose-
berry. New Haven, 21 April, 1896 (W. E. B.) ; Orange, 13
April, 191 1 (B. H. W.).

D. californicus (Marlatt). Gymnonychus califomicus Mar-
latt. Larva feeds on pear. New Haven (H. L. V.).

*D. proximatus (Norton). Nematus proximatus Norton.
Gymnonychus proximatus Norton. Connecticut (E. N.).

Pristiphora Latreille.
Key to Species.

1. Thorax and abdomen black 2

Thorax or abdomen or both in part pale 3

2. Head small, narrow, and not much more than half the width

of thorax; vertex smooth, ridges rounded, sub-obsolete;
median fovea minute and circular; third antennal segment
longer than fourth; body shining black, with anterior and
middle tibiae and tarsi yellowish; posterior tibiae with

basal two-thirds whitish. Length 5 mm sycophanta

Head nearly as wide as thorax; vertex without ridges and
deeply, coarsely punctate; third antennal segment longer
than fourth; body shining black, with apex of clypeus,
labrum, tegulae in the female, apices of coxae, trochanters, and
tibiae in great part, pallid; anterior tarsi somewhat infus-
cated; apical half of posterior tibiae and tarsi black. Length
5 mm banksi

3. Abdomen entirely black on the dorsum 4

Abdomen in part pale on the dorsum 6

8

114 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

4. Abdomen with venter pale; vertex w^ithout ridges and some-

what roughened with minute tubercles; median fovea shal-
low or nearly wanting; procidentia broad and strongly-
keeled; body shining black, with clypeus, mouth-parts,
pronotum, tegulae, legs, and central area of abdomen on venter,
pale yellowish; apical half of posterior tibiae and their tarsi,

brownish black. Length 5 mm carolinensis

Abdomen with venter black 5

5. Pronotum and tegulae pale; head and thorax strongly punc-

tate ; ocellar and frontal ridges sub-obsolete ; median fovea
broad and shallow; antennal segments three to five sub-
equal; procidentia broad, slightly excavated at tip, not
projecting; hypopygium notched at tip; body black, with
clypeus, labrum, bases of mandibles, palpi, legs in great
part, pronotum, and tegulae, yellowish ferruginous; tips of

posterior tibiae and tarsi fuscous. Length 6 mm luteola

Pronotum and tegulae black (See sec. 7) idiota

6. Body reddish orange marked with black; head densely and

finely, tuberculately granulate, opaque, clothed with setae;
ridges of ocellar basin and frontal crest almost wanting;
antennal segments three to five subequal; clypeus, labrum,
and bases of mandibles inclined to pallid; vertex in great
part, antennre, stripes on lobes of mesonotum, scutellum,
metanotum, sides of first abdominal segment, other seg-
ments along the middle of dorsum, lower part of pleurae,
and saw-guides, black or dark brown; tips of hind tibiae and

hind tarsi infuscated. Length 6.5 mm bivittata

Body black, marked with yellow 7

7. Abdominal segments two to five, usually only on sides, yellow;

head with coarse, deep punctures; ridges of ocellar basin
rounded, nearly obsolete; third antennal segment much
longer than fourth, fourth and fifth segments subequal;
saw-guides rather slender, rounded at tip, with a dense
bordering fringe of hairs; body shining black, with clypeus,
tegulae, legs, and abdominal segments two to five, usually
interrupted at middle, yellow; femora usually brown basally
and apically; tips of posterior tibiae and their tarsi brown or

black. Length 5 mm idiota

Abdomen with segments one to four entirely reddish yellow;
head with dense, coarse punctures; frontal crest slightly
elevated; median fovea shallow; third antennal segment
longer than fourth ; saw-guides not very broad, rounded at
apex, with dense bordering hairs ; body shining black, with
clypeus, outer half of pronotum, tegulae, abdominal segments
one to four, and legs, reddish j^ellow; apical third of posterior
** tibiae and their tarsi black. Length 5.5 mm dyari

o •

Ol

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. II5

P. sycophanta Walsh. Pristiphora tibialis Norton. Larva
feeds on willow, birch, and Vaccinium. Connecticut (E. N.).

'P. banksi Marlatt.
'P. carolinensis Marlatt.
P. luteola (Norton). Nemahts hiteolus Norton. Farmington
(E. N.).

°P, idiota Norton. Pristiphora identidem Norton. Larva
feeds on Vaccinium.

P. bivittata (Norton). Nematus biznttatus Norton. Larva
feeds on Spircua. Connecticut (E. N.).
°P. dyari Marlatt.

Lygasonematus Konow.

L. erichsoni Hartig. Nematus erichsoni Hartig. Nematus
notabilis Cresson. Larch Sawfly. Howard, Insect Book, PI.
xii, Fig. 16.

Head and thorax finely punctate, entire body shiny; ridges of
ocellar basin and frontal crest rounded and distinct; median fo-
vea long, shallow, deepest at apex ; antennal segments three and
four subequal ; saw-guides broad, rounded, truncate at tip ;
body black, with tip of clypeus, basal two-thirds of tibiae, apices
of trochanters, and angles of pronotum, whitish ; femora, tips
of anterior tibiae and their tarsi, and four basal segments of
abdomen, orange rufous ; male with procidentia strongly
keeled, somewhat constricted basally, short, not projecting
beyond the seventh dorsal segment, and the hypopygium
slightly emarginate at apex. Length 8-1 1 mm. Larva feeds
on European and American larch (Larix).

New Canaan, North Canaan, Union, and Woodstock, 191 5.

Pachynematus Konow.

Key to Species.

1. Males 15

Females 2

2. Saw-guides large, projecting free for at least one-half of

their length 3

Saw-guides normal, projecting but slightly, at least never for
one-half of their length 4

3. Body black or dark brown; ocellar basin with distinct but

not strongly elevated walls; frontal crest not strongly

Il6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

raised, slightly broken at middle; antennas with third seg-
ment much shorter than fourth; saw-guides long, rounded
at apex, blades thin and closely applied; body brownish
black, with abdomen lighter, inclined to fulvous ; face below
antennae, the upper and posterior orbits, pronotum, tegulae,
and legs except bases of coxae, reddish yellow, strongly in-

fuscated. Lengtli 8 mm dimmockii

Body in great part yellow or resinous; ocellar basin with
distinct and broad lateral walls; frontal crest strong and
unbroken; antennal segments three and four subequal;
saw-guides long and large, broadly rounded at apex,
blades thin, translucent, closely applied; body shining
resinous yellow, with antennae, spot on lateral lobes of
mesonotum, apex of scutellum, metanotum in part, and
narrow border to basal plates, brownish black. Length
8.5 mm ocreatus

4. Head strongly developed and dilated behind compound eyes 5
Head narrowed more or less behind compound eyes 10

5. Head and mesonotum in great part pale 6

Head black, with orbits black or strongly infuscated; thorax

in great part black 9

6. Ocellar basin with strong, distinctly defined sides; frontal crest

strong, very minutely notched; median fovea extending
laterally over bases of antenna; saw-guides moderately
broad and thick, obliquely truncate, upper edge nearly
straight; body resinous or sulphur yellow, with antennae, a
small spot including the ocelli, spot on lobes of mesonotum,
spot on either side and base of scutellum, metanotum,
tergum of abdomen except narrow lateral margin and two
terminal segments, and saw-guides, brownish black. Length

7-8.5 mm extensicomis

Ocellar basin with its sides and the frontal crest indistinct 7

7. Wings hj^aline ; median fovea distinct 8

Wings infuscated; median fovea almost wanting; saw-guides

narrow and pointed at tip, upper edge straight; body shin-
ing honey-yellow, with antennae, a spot about the ocelli, spot on
lobes of mesonotum, apex of scutellum, metanotum, cen-
ter of basal plates, and bases of first six dorsal abdominal
segments, black or fuscous. Length 6.5 mm suadus

8. Median fovea shallow, and extending widely over bases of

antennae; antennae with fourth segment as long as or
longer than third; saw-guides narrow, tapering, straight on
upper margins, obtusely pointed ; body luteous, with an-
tennae, a small spot including the ocelli, a spot on lateral lobes
of mesonotuin, scutellum in part, metanotum in part,
basal plates, disk of tergum, and saw-guides, black; apices

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. llj

of hind tibiae and their tarsi, bases of hind coxae, and a
small spot beneath anterior wings, infuscated; stigma, costa,

and veins at base, hyaline. Length 6 mm affinis

Median fovea circular, not extending over bases of antennae;
antennae with third and fourth segments subequal; saw-
guides straight and oblique above, convex below, con-
vexly rounded at apex to a blunt point above; body
hiteous, with a spot above the bases of antennae, around the
ocelli, a broad band on median lobe of mesonotum, a nar-
row band on each lateral lobe, an oblique band at their
apices, apex of scutellum, all sometimes rufous, postscutel-
lum, metathorax in part, basal plates, a spot on middle of
first abdominal segment, apices of posterior tibiae, and
posterior tarsi, black; stigma luteous, veins brownish.

Length 8 mm rufocinctus

9. Stigma very narrow and acuminate; head and thorax with
long, dense pubescence; ocellar basin rather indistinctly
defined; frontal crest long and unbroken, median fovea
triangular; saw-guides short, tapering, obtusely pointed;
body black, with tips of clypeus, mouth-parts, angles of
pronotum, tegulae, tip of abdomen except saw-guides, and
outer half of femora, reddish yellow; tibiae pale yellowish;
tarsi infuscated; pleurae with a reddish mark. Length 8

mm pubescens

Stigma broad and rounded beneath; head and thorax with
short, inconspicuous pubescence; ocellar basin distinct,
with sharp lateral walls; frontal crest not prominent and
unbroken; median fovea oval; saw-guides short and taper-
ing; body black, with labrum, angles of pronotum, tegulae,
tip of abdomen, venter in great part, and legs, yellowish
or reddish; bases of coxae and of femora infuscated.
Length 8 mm '. montivagus

10. Tergum of abdomen reddish yellow; head and thorax

strongly punctate; ocellar basin with prominent, elevated
ridges; frontal crest prominent and unbroken; saw-guides
broad and truncate; body black, with posterior orbits,
and notum in part including the scutellum, reddish; supraclyp-
eal area, tip of clypeus, labrum, pronotum, tegulae, legs,
and abdomen, reddish yellow; tips of posterior tibiae and

posterior tarsi infuscated. Length 6.5 mm punctulatus

Tergum of abdomen black or brown il

11. Femora entirely pale 12

Femora wholly, or at least some of them in part, black 13

12. Head and thorax black; body black, with clypeus, labrum,

collar, tegulae, legs beyond coxae except apex of posterior
tibiae and posterior tarsi for the most part, and venter of
the abdomen, white or luteous ; head distinctly punctate ; cly-

Il8 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

peus deeply and narrowly emarginate; frontal crest un-
broken; third and fourth segments of antennas subequal;
saw-guides oblique above and below and obliquely trun-
cated at apex. Length 7 mm corticosus

Head and thorax dark brown; body black, with head, anten-
nae, pronotum, mesonotum, and dorsum of abdomen more
or less, upper half of pleura, and saw-guides, dark brown;
clypeus broadly and shallowly emarginate; frontal crest
unbroken; antennas with third segment longer than fourth;
saw-guides short, obliquely truncate, pointed at tip.
Length 4.3 mm gregarius

13. Anterior pair of legs entirely pale; vertex finely tuberculate;

ocellar basin with lateral walls minutely but sharply raised,
obsolete posteriorly; frontal crest acutely elevated, angu-
lated, and extending nearly to inner orbits; median fovea
broad, extending on each side over bases of antennae ; saw-
guides broad, straight on upper margins, obliquely truncated at
apex, bordering hairs minute and scattering; body shining
black, with apex of clypeus, mouth-parts, pronotum in great
part, tegulas, anterior pair of legs, posterior pair of legs except
bases of coxae and apices of femora and tibiae and all of tarsi,
venter of abdomen except at apex, lateral margin and more or

less of apex of tergum, yellowish white. Length 6-7 mm

corniger
Anterior pair of legs more or less marked with black 14

14. Frontal crest strongly developed, slightly broken at center,

and not reaching inner orbits; ocellar basin with distinct
sides but not strongly elevated; median fovea distinct,
broadening posteriorly into a suture beneath the frontal crest;
saw-guides rather broad, rounded, truncate at apex,
straight on upper margins ; body black, with tip of the clyp-
eus, labrum, angles of pronotum, tegulse, coxae except
at base, trochanters, bases of femora and tips of anterior
femora, tibiae except tips of posterior pair, anterior tarsi,
and venter except laterally at base and apex, pallid.

Length 8 mm subalbatus

Frontal crest distinctly elevated and unbroken, extending
nearly to the inner orbits; ocellar basin with sides rounded,
not strongly raised, and indistinct; median fovea large,
circular, deeply excavated; saw-guides rather slender,
somewhat pointed at tip, dorsal margin nearly straight;
body black, with labrum, bases of mandibles, angles of
pronotum, tegulae, coxas except at base, trochanters, tibiae
of anterior pair of legs and their tarsi, and venter of ab-
domen, yellowish or pallid. Length 6 mm palliventris

15. Head strongly dilated behind the compound eyes 16

Head not strongly dilated behind the compound eyes 22

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 1 19

16. Body black on dorsum and venter 17

Body black, with venter and more or less of dorsum pale . . 21

17. Head and thorax covered with long, dense pubescence; stigma

narrow and acuminate ; procidentia wide, tapering, truncate at
tip. Length 8 mm pubescens

Head and thorax not covered with long, dense pubescence;

stigma broad and tapering 18

:8. Legs pale beyond apices of femora 20

Legs pale beyond bases of femora 19

ig. Procidentia longer than broad, truncate at apex; head with
ocellar basin and frontal crest distinct but not strongly
raised; body shining black, with supraclypeal area, labrum,
apex of abdomen above, hypopygium, more or less of venter
on each side, apices of coxse, trochanters, femora except bases,
and tibiae except apices, light fulvous. Length 5.5 mm tritici

Procidentia broader than long, broadly rounded; ocellar
basin distinct, sharply raised; body black, with supraclyp-
eal area, labrum, apices of segments of tergum, venter, a
spot on pleurae, and legs, except apices of posterior tibise
and their tarsi, fulvous. Length 7 mm rufocinctus

20. Mouth-parts and orbits black; procidentia very broad,

slightly tapering and rounded at tip extensicomis

Mouth-parts and orbits pale; procidentia projecting only
about half its width, broadly truncate at apex affinis

21. Procidentia narrow, tapering, pointed at top; body resin-

ous yellow, with antennae, large spot on vertex about ocelli
extending onto occiput, thorax above except pronotum
and tegulae, and central dorsal area of abdomen, brownish

black. Length 4 mm gregarius

Procidentia very broad, tapering, squarely truncate at apex,
not keeled; vertex rugose; ocellar basin with indistinct
walls, median fovea extending laterally over bases of an-
tennae, indistinctly defined; body black, with labrum, upper
and posterior orbits, angles of pronotum, tegulae, outer
two-thirds of femora, tibiae, tarsi, and abdomen except
base of first dorsal segment, yellowish ferruginous; wings
smoky, especially centrally. Length 8 mm infumatus

22. Procidentia rounded at apex, not constricted basally, strongly

keeled; body black, with tip of clypeus, mouth-parts,
angles of pronotum, tegulae, pectus, venter of abdomen,
and legs except bases of coxae and apices of posterior tibiae

and tarsi, yellowish ferruginous. Length 5 mm comiger

Procidentia short, narrow, truncate; body black, with tip of
clypeus, mouth-parts, angles of pronotum, venter, and
legs except bases of coxae, extreme tip of posterior tibiae,
and all posterior tarsi, yellowish ferruginous. Length 6.5
mm subalbatus

I20 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°P. dimmockii (Cresson). Nematus dimmockii Cresson.

°P. ocreatus (Harrington). Nematus ocreatus Harrington.
P. extensicornis (Norton). Nematus extensicornis Norton.
Nematus marylandicus Norton. Nematus aureopectus Norton.
Howard, Insect Book, p. 75, Fig. 46, PI. xiv, Fig. 29. Larva
feeds on wheat. New Haven, 15 May, 191 1, Orange, 21 May,
1911 (A. B. C).

P. affinis Marlatt. Larva feeds on grass. Stonington, 16
May, 1906 (B. H. W.).

*P. rufocinctus MacGillivray. New Haven, 15 May, 1911,
Orange, 21 May, 191 1 (A. B. C).

°P. suadus (Cresson). Nematus suadus Cresson.

°P. pubescens Marlatt. Larva feeds on Carex.

°P. monti vagus Marlatt. ^

°P. punctulatus Marlatt.

°P. corticosus MacGillivray.

°P. gregarius Marlatt. Larva feeds on willow.

*P. corniger (Norton). Nematus corniger Norton. Larva
feeds on grass. Connecticut (E. N.) ; Branford, 8 May, 1905
(H. W. W.).

P. subalbatus (Norton). Nematus subalbatus Norton.
Orange, 21 May, 191 1 (A. B. C.) ; New Haven, 30 May, 1911
(B. H. W.).

°P. palliventris (Cresson). Nematus palliventris Cresson.

°P. tritici IMarlatt. Larva feeds on wheat.

°P. infumatus Marlatt.

Nematus Jurine.

Key to Species.

I. Abdomen with last dorsal arc enormously developed; clypeus
deeply, rather narrowly notched, lobes large and rounded;
ocellar basin scarcely defined, deep furrow connecting an-
terior ocellus with median fovea; saw-guides tapering,
pointed, and with the terminal abdominal segment enor-
mously developed, representing nearly half of abdomen;

body uniformly reddish yellow. Length 7 mm unicolor

Abdomen with last dorsal arc not enormously developed 2

No. 22.'] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 121

2. Ocellar basin with indistinct lateral walls and without tuber-
cles; clypeus nearly truncate; frontal crest large and
rounded; saw-guides thick, short, scarcely projecting,
margined with long, not very numerous curved hairs; body
yellowish ferruginous, with antennae, spot on either side of
scutellum, metathorax in part, basal plates, and center of
abdomen above, black; mesonotum, pleurae in part, margin
of abdomen, and sheath, more or less reddish. Length 5 mm.

chloreus
Ocellar basin with distinct lateral walls and containing two
small tubercles; clypeus broadly emarginate; frontal crest
large, obtusely rounded; saw-guides thick, squarely trun-
cate, tubular; body luteous, pallid or reddish yellow, with
the sides of the mesonotum, most of the metanotum, and a
broad stripe on the middle of the abdomen, black. Length
7 mm pergandei

°N. unicolor Marlatt. Larva feeds on birch.

*N. chloreus Norton. Larva feeds on Quercus coccinea.
Connecticut (E. N.).

°N. pergandei Marlatt.

Croesus Leach.

C. latitarsus Norton. PI. i, Fig. i.

Mesothorax with confluent longitudinal punctures ; body
blue-black, with the labrum, mandibles, palpi and the anterior
pair of legs toward the tip, piceous ; posterior trochanters and
the basal half of all the tibise white ; wings hyaline, with a smoky-
area beneath the stigma. Length 8 mm. Larva feeds on birch.

New Haven, 1910 (B. H. W.) ; Stafford, 24 August, 1906
(W. E- B.), Common in New Haven.
°C. laticulus Norton.

Mesothorax with scattered, sub-obsolete, oval punctures ; body
black, with tegulae, and a spot on the sides of the basal plates
and of the second and third abdominal segments, whitish ;
mandibles at apex, and legs, ferruginous, with apical two-
thirds of their tibiae and greater part of metatarsi black ; wings
hyaline. Length 12 mm.

Amauronematus Konow.
Key to Species.

I. Body black on dorsum 2

Body pale on dorsum, marked more or less with black 9

122 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

2. Wings smoky 3

Wings hyaline 6

3. Legs entirely black 4

Legs with tibiae yellowish, at least anterior pair in front 5

4. Abdoinen with venter pale; clypeus almost truncate at apex;

frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin nearly obsolete,
indistinct; median fovea small, elongate; antennas with
third segment shorter than fourth; procidentia very mi-
nute and squarely truncate or broadly excavated at apex;
body black, with clypeus, labrum, cheeks, and bases of
mandibles, whitish; orbits tinged with rufous. Length 6.5-

7 mm concolor

Abdomen with venter yellowish white; clypeus very shal-
lowly emarginate; ocellar basin with rounded, indistinct
walls, frontal crest almost wanting; median fovea shallow,
elongate; antennal segments three to five subequal, the
fourth longest; saw-guides obliquely truncate at apex;
body black, with the oral region, outer orbits, supraclypeal
area, pronotum in great part, and venter of abdomen, yel-
lowish white. Length 9 mm comstockii

5. Clypeus rather broadly and shallowly emarginate; orbits

pale; ocellar basin with distinctly defined walls; frontal
crest narrow, not extending on each side, slightly broken by the
deeply excavated, elongate median fovea; antennae with
third segment shorter than fourth; saw-guides somewhat
elongate, rounded at apex; body brownish black, with
supraclypeal area, orbits, oral region, angles of pronotum,
more or less of apical ventral segments, joints of legs, and

most of anterior tibiae, yellowish. Length 8 mm gracilis

Clypeus narrowly and rather deeply emarginate; orbits not
pale; ocellar basin with its lateral walls rounded; frontal
crest deeply broken by backward extension of deep, elon-
gate median fovea; antennae with third segment shorter
than either fourth or fifth; saw-guides elongate, slightly
tapering, rounded at tip ; body black, with supraclypeal
area, clypeus, labrum, cheeks, base of mandibles, and
angles of pronotum, yellowish white; anterior legs in
front from middle of femora, yellowish infuscated; venter
of abdomen, except apex, yellowish. Length 9 mm similis

6. Abdomen black on venter 7

Abdomen pale on venter 8

7. Legs black except at joints; clypeus moderately and rather

narrowly emarginate; ocellar basin with side walls rounded
and indistinct; frontal crest not extending laterally, slightly
broken by the shallow median fovea ; procidentia short,
squarely truncate, with sharp angles, keeled ; body black.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I23

with clypeus, oral region, and beneath the eyes, whitish ;
joints of legs, more or less of anterior face of tibiae and
apices of femora, and angles of pronotum, yellowish.

Length 5 mm cooki

Legs reddish except apical half of posterior tibiae; clypeus
broadly emarginate; ocellar basin distinctly defined but
not deeply excavated; frontal crest not strongly developed;
median fovea triangular; procidentia short, more than
twice as broad as long, truncate; body entirely black except
parts named. Length 9 mm rufipes

8. Frontal crest strongly raised and unbroken; clypeus broadly

and shallowly emarginate; ocellar basin with distinctly
defined but not prominent walls; median fovea shallow,
elongate oval ; saw-guides pointed, with a distinct scopa
near the tip ; body in female dull black, with face below an-
tennje, orbits, pronotum, tegulae, pectus broadly, venter of abdo-
men, lateral edge of dorsum, and some of the margins of the
basal segments of the abdomen, pallid; legs in part slightly
infuscated; male differs in having dorsum of abdomen black

and venter somewhat infuscated. Length 5.5 mm azaleae

Frontal crest broken (See sec. 5) similis

9. Abdomen black on dorsum; ocellar basin with side walls indis-

tinct or wanting; frontal crest short, strongly raised, and
scarcely broken; median fovea small, shallow, circular;
saw-guides very broad, obliquely truncate, upper edge ob-
tusely pointed; body luteous or reddish, with a spot on
vertex extending to antennae, lobes of mesonotum at cen-
ter, scutellum in part, metanotum, abdomen on dorsum, saw-
guides, and lower half of pleurae, black. Length 6 mm fulvipes

Abdomen yellow 10

10. Wings smoky; legs black; frontal crest and sides of ocellar

basin indistinct; median fovea elongate, shallow; saw-
guides elongate, obtusely rounded at apex; body yellowish
ferruginous, with the head and thorax in great part, center of
the basal plates, apex of the abdomen, saw-guides, and legs,

black. Length 8.5 mm luteotergum

Wings hyaline or nearly so ; legs pale 11

11. Femora wholly or in part black; ocellar basin with indistinct

walls; frontal crest large, sharply defined, slightly or not
at all broken; median fovea triangular; saw-guides long,
narrow, regularly and equally rounded on both margins
to obtuse apex; body ferruginous or reddish, with anten-
nae above, a line on anterior lobes of mesonotum, sometimes
wanting, apex of scutellum, metanotum in great part, and
abdomen dorsally at center, black. Length 7.5 mm. . .lineatus
Femora resinous or yellow 12

124 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [BuU.

12. Frontal crest slightly broken; ocellar basin with rounded
walls; median fovea elongate; saw-guides tapering on
both edges, somewhat angularly, to an obtuse tip, smooth,
margined with very short, scattering hairs; body light
yellowish or reddish, with the antennae above black; tips of

hind tibiae and their tarsi infuscated. Length 7 mm brunneus

Frontal crest distinct and unbroken; ocellar basin with wide,
rounded walls; median fovea circular, with branches ex-
tending over bases of antennas; saw-guides tapering, ob-
tusely pointed, clothed with short and rather dense hairs;
body resinous yellow, thorax and head reddish; antennae,
ring about ocelli, and postscutellum black. Length 6 mm.

dyari
*A. concolor (Norton). Nematus concolor Norton. Nematus

violaceipennis Norton. ' Farmington (E. N.).

°A. comstocki Marlatt.

o

'A. gracilis Marlatt.

°A. similis Marlatt. Larva feeds pn willow.

°A. cooki Marlatt.

°A. rufipes Marlatt.

°A. azaleae Marlatt. Larva feeds on Azalea.

A. fulvipes (Norton). Nematus fulvipes Norton. Connecti-
cut (E. N.).

A. luteotergum (Norton). Nematus luteotergum Norton.
Larva feeds on alder. Connecticut (E. N.).

°A. lineatus (Harrington). Nematus lineatus Harrington.
°A. brunneus (Norton.) Nematus brunneus Norton.
°A. dyari Marlatt. Larva feeds on poplar.

Pteronidea Rohwer.

Key to Species.

1. Females 2

Males 34

2. Dorsum of body black with pale markings 3

Dorsum of body pale with black markings 31

3. Pectus always black 4

Pectus usually entirely pale, rarely in part fuscous 20

4. Stigma narrow, more than three times as long as wide, usu-

ally straight on lower margin 5

Stigma broad, not much more than twice as long as wide,

rounded on lower margin 7

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, 12$

5. Head, thorax, and abdomen black above; ocellar basin well-

defined; frontal crest slightly notched at center; antennal
segments three and four subequal; saw-guides broadly-
rounded on lower margin, pointed at tip; body black, with
the area above bases of antennas, postgenae, orbits, mouth-
parts, pronotum, tegulae, legs in great part, and venter of
abdomen, pale; remainder of legs, veins, and stigma brown.

Length 8 mm lata

Head and thorax black, abdomen more or less pale 6

6. Abdomen with broad, lateral, pale stripe; sides of ocellar

basin strongly and sharply raised; median fovea small, in-
distinct; frontal crest very prominent, broadly curved, un-
broken; saw-guides short, broad, obtusely pointed; body
black, with clypeus and mouth-parts, most of pronotum,
tegulae, lateral third of dorsum of abdomen, all of venter
of abdomen, and legs, yellowish ferruginous; upper orbits
and sides of mesonotum tinged with reddish. Length 7 mm.

limbata
Abdomen with a broad, transverse, yellow band; sides of
ocellar basin and frontal crest strongly raised; median
fovea large, oval, deeply excavated; antennal segments
three and four subequal; saw-guides moderately robust,
obtusely pointed, with straight upper margins ; body black,
with tip of clypeus, labrum, bases of mandibles, palpi,
and basal half of hind tibise, whitish; upper margin of prono-
tum, tegulje, dorsum of four basal abdominal segments except
apex of fourth, all of venter, and legs, yellowish ferruginous.
Length 8 mm latif asciata

7. Head and thorax black 8

Head and thorax in great part pale 19

8. Abdomen with venter pale, dorsum always more or less

black, except sometimes the apical segments 9

Abdomen with venter and dorsum pale, except sometimes
the basal dorsal segments and rarely the terminal segments 12
Q. Femora all black; ocellar basin well defined; frontal crest
large, indistinctly broken; antennae with third segment
slightly longer than fourth; saw-guides pointed, slightly
excavated above and rounded beneath; body brownish
black, with inner and outer orbits, face below base of an-
tennje, pronotum except two or three dusky spots, tegulae,
■ front femora, sometimes almost entirely, tips of femora
and tibiae, lateral edges of thorax and abdomen, and venter,

yellowish white. Length 8 mm ventralis

Femora wholly or in part pale 10

10. Femora of front and middle legs pale, of hind legs black;
ocellar basin deep with well-defined walls; frontal crest
unbroken; median fovea large, triangular, deeply exca-

126 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

vated; antennal segments three and four subequal; saw-
guides broad, obtusely pointed, upper margin slightly
emarginate; body black, with the face below the antennae,
mouth-parts, orbits, angles of pronotum narrowly, tegulae, nar-
row apical margin of dorsal segments, two apical dorsal seg-
ments, venter except epimera and some dusky spots on
lateral margin of abdomen, and legs except apical half
of posterior femora and apices of tibiae and tarsi, yellowish.

Length 5.5 mm marlattii

Femora of all the legs pale 11

11. Hind wings with free part of R4 and transverse part of Ma

interstitial; ocellar basin distinctly defined; frontal crest
strong, unbroken; median fovea deep, with lateral chan-
nels running from it over bases of antennae; antennal seg-
ments three and four nearly equal; body black, with tip
of clypeus, mouth-parts, angles of pronotum, tegulae, legs
in great part, venter of abdomen, and marginal third of

dorsum of abdomen, yellowish. Length 7 mm harringtoni

Hind wings with transverse part of M2 separating from R a con-
siderable distance before free part of R4; ocellar basin with
well defined walls; frontal crest unbroken; median fovea
oval ; antennal segments three and four sub-equai ; saw-guides
broad, tapering, slightly produced, with a rather dense tuft of
short hairs at the extreme tip ; body black, with supraclypeal
area, clypeus in great part, mouth-parts, tegulae, abdomen except
broad dorsal stripe, and legs in great part, reddish yellow.
Length 7 mm fylesi

12. Hind femora black, at least apically 13

Hind femora entirely pale 17

13. Head with orbits pale; ocellar basin with sharply defined

walls; frontal crest distinct, unbroken; median fovea cir-
cular; saw-guides smooth, polished, pointed, bordering
hairs minute; body black, with clypeus, mouth-parts, angles
of pronotum, tegulae, anterior and posterior legs (except
apical three-fourths of hind femora, hind tibiae, and tarsi),
yellowish white; central part of mesonotum and scutellum
sometimes yellowish brown; apical two-thirds of abdomen
ferruginous; hind tibiae entirely brown, pale at base, and
gradually darker towards apex, or white at base and grad-
ually shading to brown. Length 7 mm tricolor

Head with orbits black 14

14. Abdomen with apical segments black IS

Abdomen with apical segments rufous 16

15. Antennal segments three and four subequal; median fovea

distinctly defined, oval; ocellar basin with sharply defined
and strongly raised walls; frontal crest prominent, sharp,
unbroken; saw-guides short, obtusely pointed, quite

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, I27

densely clothed with hairs; body black, with the center of
the basal abdominal segment, the three following segments and
part of the fourth, reddish yellow ; tip of clypeus, mouth-parts,
anterior legs in great part, coxae except at base, trochanters,
bases of femora, and basal half of tibiae of hind legs, pallid;
pronotum and tegulae pallid, infuscated. Length 8 mm.

rufocincta
Antennae with. third segment longer than fourth; median
fovea very shallow, indistinct; ocellar basin well-defined,
with prominent anterior angle; saw-guides short, stout,
scarcely projecting; body black, with angles of pronotum,
tegulae, and abdominal segments one to five dorsally and "^
ventrally, yellowish ferruginous; mouth-parts strongly in-
fuscated; coxae except at base, trochanters, and basal half
of posterior tibiae, whitish; anterior and posterior faces of
anterior tibiae and tarsi pallid. Length 6 mm dyari

16. Head and thorax finely punctate; clypeus shallowly and

broadly emarginate, lobes triangular and rather pointed;
median fovea circular, deeply excavated; frontal crest and
sides of ocellar basin strongly raised, frontal crest un-
broken; saw-guides rather robust, rugose, with numerous
hairs; body black, with tip of clypeus, labrum, palpi, angles
of pronotum, tegulae, abdomen except basal plates, first seg-
ment on dorsum, saw-guides, and legs (except bases of coxae,
tips of hind femora, apical two-thirds of hind tibiae, and
hind tarsi), rufous; basal third of hind tibiae, white. Length

7.5 mm erythrogastra

Head and thorax rather coarsely punctate, somewhat shiny;
clypeus very shallowly emarginate, lobes very short and
broadly rounded; median fovea broad and shallow; frontal
crest and sides of ocellar basin distinctly elevated;
frontal crest rarely indistinctly broken; saw-guides not
very robust, rounded at apex, and with rather long and
dense hairs; body black, with bases of aiitennae, tip of clyp-
eus, labrum, palpi, angles of pronotum, tegulae, legs (ex-
cept apex of posterior femora, apical half of posterior
tibiae, and hind tarsi), and abdomen except basal plates, yel-
lowish ferruginous. Length 6-7 mm corylus

17. Angles of pronotum and coxae black; walls of ocellar basin

distinctly defined; frontal crest prominent, unbroken; me-
dian fovea shallow; saw-guides robust, obtusely pointed,
straight on the upper margins ; body black, with labrum pallid ;
tips of anterior femora, hind femora, and abdomen except
apical segment, orange-yellow, inclined to reddish on legs ;

wings smoky. Length 8.5 mm fulvicrus

Angles of pronotum and the coxas pale 18

128 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

18. Mesonotum with lateral lobes black, spotted with ferruginous;

first abdominal segment black at base, ferruginous at apex;
sides of ocellar basin distinctly raised; frontal crest prom-
inent and unbroken; median fovea broad, shallow, not dis-
tinctly defined; saw-guides rather broad, slightly excavated
above, pointed, and with rather dense whitish hairs at tip;
body black, with tip of clypeus, labrum, posterior orbits,
angles of pronotum, tegulae, spot on the lateraj lobes of meso-
notum, abdomen beyond the middle of the first segment, and
legs except the bases of the coxse and the hind tibiae and

tarsi, yellowish ferruginous. Length 7 mm populi

Mesonotum with the lateral lobes entirely and the entire first
abdominal segment ferruginous; ocellar basin distinctly de-
fined ; frontal crest very prominent, unbroken ; median fovea
distinctly excavated, triangular; saw-guides narrow and taper-
ing; body black, with clypeus and labrum pale; angles of pro-
notum, tegulae, lateral lobes of mesonotum, abdomen except
the basal plates and saw-guides, and legs except hind tibiae and
tarsi, yellowish ferruginous. Length 10 mm hudsonii

19. Hind femora mostly black ; ocellar basin distinct, with sharply

raised sides; frontal crest broad, rounded, unbroken; me-
dian fovea deep, circular; saw-guides strongly tapering
toward the rounded apex, nearly straight on upper margins,
with very short, inconspicuous pubescence; body yellow-
ish or ferruginous, with base of antennas, spot about ocelli,
occiput, pronotum except outer angles, spot on lobes of
mesonotum, spot about the cenchri, basal plates, and first ab-
dominal segment at base, black ; pectus, hind femora except
at base, tips of hind tibiae, and hind tarsi, blackish brown.

Length 6 mm antennata

Hind femora entirely pale; ocellar basin with poorly defined
walls; frontal crest entire or indistinctly broken; median
fovea rather deep at apex, oval; saw-guides rather narrow,
rounded at extremity, with short hairs ; body luteous or ferru-
ginous, with head below antennae, except the gupraclypeal
area, orbits, more or less of antennae above, large spot on
middle of lobes of mesonotum, scutellum more or less,
lower part of pleurae, pectus, apices of posterior tibiae,
and posterior tarsi, brownish black. Length 7-7.5 mm.

ribesi

20. Head with the orbits not pale 21

Head with orbits pale 23.

21. Mesonotum black; ocellar basin distinctly defined, with prom-

inent walls; frontal crest strongly bent anteriorly,
scarcely broken centrally; median fovea triangular, deep,
with sharp limiting ridges; saw-guides short, rounded

No. 22.] HYMENOPTER.\ OF CONNECTICUT. I29

at tip, slightly emarginate beneath, clothed with dark
brownish hairs; body black, with supraclypeal area, clyp-
eus, mouth-parts, pronotum, tegulse, pectus in great part,
legs except apices of hind femora and tibiae and hind tarsi,
and venter of abdomen, light resinous yellow; abdomen
at sides, and central area interrupted at base and apex, yellow.

Length 6 mm carpini

Alesonotum, at least in part, pale 22

22. Median lobes of mesonotum in great part, and abdomen,

black; frontal crest prominent, sometimes slightly broken;
median fovea shallow, indistinct; saw-guides obtusely
pointed, straight on upper edge, narrow; body ferruginous,
with head except palpi and clypeus sometimes in part,
margin of the pronotum, a band along middle of mesonotum,
metanotum, metapleurse, basal plates, abdomen above,
apices of posterior tibiae, and posterior tarsi, black.

Length 7 mm militaris

Median lobes of mesonotum and abdomen in great part red-
dish; ©cellar basin with rounded walls; frontal crest un-
broken; median fovea shallow, circular; saw-guides rather
,short and robust, regularly rounded at tip; body reddish
yellow, with antennae, head except tip of clypeus and more
or less of mouth-parts, scutellum more or less, metanotum,
center of basal dorsal area of abdomen, and saw-guides,
black. Length 6 mm thoracica

23. Stigma and costa brown 24

Stigma and costa yellowish hyaline 28

24. Scutellum black 25

Scutellum pale 27

25. Frontal crest unbroken; ocellar basin with distinctly limit-

ing walls; median fovea deep and triangular; saw-guides
short, rather robust, regularly tapering; body light preen-
ish yellow, with antennae, large spot about the ocelli extending
onto the occiput, lobes of mesonotum, metanotum, large spot
on upper angles of pleurae, base of dorsal abdominal seg-
ments centrally, apex of saw-guides, apex of hind femora,
apical two-thirds of hind tibiae, and hind tarsi, black.

Length 6 mm ostryae

Frontal crest broad, slightly broken at middle 26

26. Head nearly spherical when viewed laterally; clypeus ratheT

narrowly and deeply emarginate; ocellar basin distinctly
defined, sides acute, finely raised; frontal crest broad,
somewhat broken at middle; median fovea broad, circular,
shallow; saw-guides narrow, rounded at apex; body pal-
lid or resinous, with antennae, spot on vertex, including the
ocelli and extending onto the occiput, mesonotum, metanotum,

9

130 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

abdomen on dorsum except narrow lateral margin, and apex
of saw-guides, black; scutellum at base, and suture of

mesonotum, inclined to reddish. Length 5.5 mm odorata

Head triangular in outline when viewed laterally; clypeus
broadly, circularly emarginate, lobes rounded, not broad;
ocellar basin deeply and distinctly excavated, lateral walls
rounded ; frontal crest strongly developed, divided by a
narrow depressed line at middle; median fovea deep; saw-
guides narrow, tapering to a rounded tip ; body pallid or resin-
ous, with antennae, large spot covering vertex, dorsum of
thorax, and abdomen except narrow lateral margin, black ; hind
tarsi and saw-guides brown ; hind tibiae darker at tip. Length
7 mm comelli

27. Posterior tibiae and tarsi dark brown; ocellar basin with

distinctly defined sides; frontal crest distinct, unbroken,
curving anteriorly; median fovea triangular, sharply de-
fined; saw-guides narrow, smooth, tapering on both edges
to rounded tip; body reddish yellow, with antennae, large
spot on vertex extending onto occiput, mesonotum, small spot
beneath anterior wings, metanotum except postscutellum and
sutures and lateral margin, abdomen except lateral margin and
apical segment, apical half of saw-guides, and posterior tibiae

and tarsi, brownish black. Length 6.5-7 ni™ trilineata

Posterior tibiae and tarsi resinous; ocellar basin distinctly
defined, sides faintly raised; frontal crest stout; median
fovea elongate, rather deeply excavated; saw-guides broad,
obtusely pointed, densely hairy at apex and on lower margin ;
body yellow ferruginous, with the antennae basally, spot on
the head surrounding the ocelli and extending narrowly over
the vertex, large spot on anterior lobe of mesonotum, apex of
scutellum, metanotum, and abdomen on dorsum except narrow
lateral margin and more or less of some of the middle seg-
ments at apex, black. Length 8 mm magna

28. Frontal crest broad, unbroken at middle 29

Frontal crest broad, broken at middle 30

29. Antennae with third segment longer than fourth; saw-guides

robust, densely clothed with long, whitish hairs at apex
on lower margin; clypeus nearly truncate; ocellar basin
indistinctly defined, sides rounded; frontal crest broad,
unbroken; median fovea defined only on anterior margin;
body yellowish or ferruginous, with a spot on the vertex ex-
tending back over the occiput, mesonotum, metanotum, and
dorsum of abdomen except a narrow lateral margin, black.

Length 4.5 mm quercus

Antennas with third segment shorter than fourth; saw-guides
narrow, tapering to a rounded tip; clypeus very broadly
but not deeply emarginate; ocellar basin with distinctly

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I3I

defined walls; frontal crest prominent but not distinctly-
limited; body yellowish or pallid, with antennae, a large
spot on the vertex, mesonotum, metanotum, and dorsum
of abdomen, black. Length 7 mm hyalina

30. Scutellum wholly or in part black; saw-guides rather pointed,

lower margin regularly pointed, upper margin straight or
slightly concave, bordering hairs very minute; clypeus dis-
tinctly but not very broadly emarginate; ocellar basin with
sides distinctly, rather sharply raised; frontal crest
rounded, broken at middle; median fovea circular, shallow;
body light yellowish, with antennae, a spot on vertex ex-
tending onto occiput, lobes of mesonotum except lateral
edges, metanotum, and dorsum of abdomen centrally ex-
cept apex of last segment, black or dark brown; hind
tibiae and tarsi more or less infuscated. Length 6 mm.

vertebrata
Scutellum pale; saw-guides rather narrow, slightly concave
above, rounded at apex; clypeus circularly emarginate;
ocellar basin distinctly limited; frontal crest large, slightly
broken at middle; median fovea expanding basally; body
pallid or yellowish, with antennae above, spot on vertex
extending to bases of antennae, center of lobes of mesono-
tum, metanotum, and central portion of abdomen on dor-
sum, brownish black; tibiae and tarsi slightly infuscated.
Length 6-6.5 mm Integra

31. Body entirely without black or brownish markings of any

sort. Length 7 mm monochroma

Body, at least in part, with black or brownish markings 32

32. Body greenish luteous, with first seven dorsal abdominal seg-

ments, saw-guides, mesothorax in part, metathorax, spot
on pleurae below wings, and two basal segments of anten-
nae, black; clypeus hardly emarginate; tips. of tarsi black-
ish ; stigma and costa pale green. Length 7 mm stigmata

Body yellow or pallid, without black or brownish band on
dorsum of abdomen 33

33. Frontal crest prominent, broken at middle, or strongly bi-

tuberculate; median fovea broad, shallow; clypeus broadly
but not deeply notched; ocellar basin with distinctly de-
fined but rounded lateral walls; saw-guides tapering,
straight or slightly concave on upper margin; body light
yellowish, with narrow border to ocelli, small spot on
occiput, spots on lobes of mesonotum, sometimes wanting,
apex of scutellum, and spot between cenchri, brownish
black; costa and stigma greenish hyaline. Length 5-6 mm.

mendica
Frontal crest unbroken; median fovea deep, extending lat-
erally over bases of antennae; clypeus deeply, circularly

132 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BulL

emarginate; ocellar basin distinctly defined, lateral walls
not very sharply raised; saw-guides robust, obliquely
truncate at tip; body light yellow or pallid, with spot
connecting ocelli, antennas above, and anterior edge of
cenchri, dark brown or black; lobes of mesonotum and
head above, brownish purple; stigma yellow. Length 8 mm.

pinguidorsum

34. Procidentia very broad and large 35

Procidentia narrow, sometimes almost obsolete 36

35. Head including orbits black; clypeus shallowly and broadly

emarginate; sides of ocellar basin and frontal area rounded,
indistinct; procidentia very broad, one-third as wide as
last segment, rounded at tip, strongly constricted basally;
body black, with clypeus, mouth-parts, angles of pronotum,
tegulas, narrow lateral margin of abdomen, posterior mar-
gin of central segments, two terminal segments, venter of
abdomen, and legs, yellowish ferruginous; apices of poste-
rior tibiae and their tarsi black. Length 6-7 mm longicomis

Head with orbits reddish; procidentia very broad, as broad as
long, constricted at base; body black or brownish, with
mouth-parts, pronotum, tegulae, base of costa, legs except
tips of posterior tibiae and their tarsi, abdomen beneath,
and more or less of the sides of the tergum, luteous; orbits, lat-
eral lobes of mesonotum, and basal edges of scutellum,
more or less rufous. Length 6 mm ribesi

36. Pectus black y]

Pectus and venter of abdomen pale 43

2,T. Abdomen with the venter black 38

Abdomen with the venter pale 42

38. Legs pale except tips of posterior tibiae and their tarsi 39

Legs entirely pale; clypeus broadly emarginate, almost trun-
cate; frontal crest very large, strongly angled anteriorly;
ocellar basin with lateral walls tapering rapidly posteriorly;
median fovea narrow, breaking slightly through the frontal
crest; third antennal segment slightly shorter than fourth

or fifth; procidentia short, not very broad, rounded at
apex; body black, with clypeus, mouth-parts, extending to
eyes, narrow line on venter of abdomen including hypo-
pygium, and legs, ferruginous yellow; coxae black at
base. Length 5.5 mm dubia

39. Clypeus distinctly emarginate ; procidentia minute 40-

Clypeus nearly truncate; procidentia long and projecting,

keeled ; body colored as in female, except that the abdomen
is wholly black, and the legs yellowish except tip of posterior
femora and apical half of posterior tibiae. Length 5.5 mm.

dyari

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I33

40. Stigma rather elongate and acuminate; extreme tips of hind

tibiae brown 41

Stigma short and robust; apical half of hind tibiae infuscated;
clypeus shallowly but distinctly emarginate; ridges around
ocellar basin rounded but distinct; procidentia narrow,
short, and blunt; body black, with clypeus, labruni, palpi,
tegulse, and legs except coxae and posteric5r tibiae and tarsi,
yellowish ferruginous. Length 5.5 mm lombardae

41. Abdomen with venter black; hind wings with free part of R4

and transverse part of M2 interstitial ; procidentia short,
narrow, slightly constricted basally, truncate at apex; other

characters as in female. Length 6 mm harringtoni

Abdomen with venter pale; hind wings with free part of
R4 and the transverse part of M2 not interstitial; procidentia
short, narrow, truncate at apex; other characters as in
female except that dorsum of abdomen is entirely black
and venter infuscated. Length 6 mm fylesi

42. Abdomen entirely black on dorsum ; upper half of pleurae pale ;

procidentia apparently nearly wanting; other characters as

in female. Length 4.5 mm thoracica

Abdomen with a transverse reddish band on segments two
and three of dorsum and venter ; procidentia as long as
broad, narrow, tapering, squarely truncate, or slightly
emarginate at apex, constricted at base; other characters
as in female, except that inner orbits are black, legs dark
reddish yellow, bases of all dorsal abdominal segments
dark, especially the terminal ones, and hind tibiae slightly
infuscated. Length 7 mm ventralis

43. Stigma and costa brown 44

Stigma and costa yellowish hyaline 45

44. Head nearly spherical in outline when viewed laterally; clyp-

eus narrowly and deeply excavated; procidentia short, nar-
row, rounded at apex. Length 5 mm odorata

Head triangular in outline when viewed laterally; clypeus
rather broadly excavated; procidentia short, narrow, pro-
jecting about its own width. Length 5 mm cornelli

45. Procidentia narrow, nearly twice as long as wide, slightly

notched at tip; other structural characters as in female.

Length 4 mm vertebrata

Procidentia narrow, projecting, squarely truncate at apex,
about as wide as long; other structural characters as in
female. Length 4.5-5 mm mendica

o

P. lata (Marlatt). Pteronus latus MsLvlztt.

P. limbata (Cresson). Nematus limbatus Cresson.

134 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Pteronus limbatus Cresson. Larva feeds on willow. Fairfield,
I August, 1904 (B. H. W.).

°P. latifasciata (Cresson). Nematus latifasciatus Cresson.
Pteronus latifasciatus Cresson. Larva feeds on birch.

P. ventralis (Say). Nematus ventralis Say. Pteronus
ventralis Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xii, Fig. 9. Larva
feeds on willow and poplar. PI. i, Fig. 3. Farmington (E. N.) ;
Ne^v Haven.

°P. marlattii (Dyar). Nematus marlattii Dyar. Pteronus
tnarlattii Dyar. Larva feeds on alder.

''P. harringtoni (Marlatt). Pteronus harringtoni Marlatt.

^P. fylesi (Marlatt). Pteronus fylesi Marlatt.

°P. tricolor (Marlatt). Pteronus tricolor Marlatt.

''P. rufocincta (Harrington), Nematus rufocinctns Harring-
ton. Pteronus rufocinctus Harrington.

°P. dyari (Marlatt). Pteronus dyari Marlatt. Larva feeds
on alder.

""P. erythrogastra (Norton). Nematus erythrogaster Norton.

P. corylus (Cresson). Nematus corylus Cresson. Pteronus
corylus Cresson. Pteronus erythrogaster Norton. Howard,
Insect Book, PI. xiv, Fig. 32. Larva feeds on Corylus.

''P. fulvicrus (Provancher). Nematus fulvicrus Provancher.
Pteronus fulvicrus Provancher. Nematus salicis Ashmead.
Larva feeds on willow.

P. populi (Marlatt). Pteronus populi Marlatt. Larva feeds
on poplar. New Haven, 20 July, 191 1 (A. B. C).

°P. hudsonii (Dyar). Nematus hudsonii magnus Dyar.
Pteronus hudsonii Dyar. Larva feeds on poplar.

"P. antennata Marlatt. Pteronus antennatus Marlatt.
P. ribesi (Scopoli). Nematus ribesi Scopoli. Pteronus
ribesi Scopoli. Nematus ventricosus of many authors.
Imported or Common Currant Worm. Common throughout
the state on wild and cultivated currants and gooseberries.
New Haven (A. E. V., W. E. B., H. L. V., B. H. W.).

•"P. carpini (Marlatt). Pteronus car pint Marlatt. Larva
feeds on ironwood.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

135

Fig. 3. Pteronidea ribesi. Eggs. Twice natural size.

Fig. 5. Pteronidea ribesi.
Fig. 4. Pteronidea ribesi. Partially grown Fully grown larva. Natura
larvae. Twice natural size. size. 1

Fig. 6. Pteronidea ribesi.
Cocoons. Natural size.

Fig. 7. Pteronidea ribesi. Adult
female. About twice natural size.

°P. militaris (Cresson). Ncmaius militaris Cresson. Pteronus
militaris Cresson.

p. thoracica (Harring-ton). A' ematus thoracicus lia.rnngton.
Pteronus thoracicus Harrington. Larva feeds on shad-bush.
Hamden, 28 May, 191 1 (B. H. W.).

136 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°P. ostryae (Marlatt). Pteronus ostry<s Marlatt.

°P. odorata (Dyar). Nematus salicis odoratus Dyar.
Pteronus odoratus Dyar. Larva feeds on willow.
°P. cornelli (Marlatt). Pteronus cornelli Marlatt.

P. trilineata (Norton). Nematus trilineatus Norton.
Pteronus trilineatus Norton. Nematus siniilaris Norton.
Nematus rohinicB Forbes. Howard, Insect Book, Pi. xiv, Fig.
28. Larva feeds on locust. Farmington (E. N.) ; New Haven,
22 May, 1908 (B. H. W.).

°P. magna (Marlatt). Pteronus magnus 'M.dL.r\2itt.

°P. quercus (Marlatt). Pteronus quercus Marlatt. Larva
feeds on white oak.

°P. hyalina (Marlatt). Pteronus hyalinus Marlatt. Larva
feeds on white birch.

°P. vertebrata (Say). Nematus vertehratus Say. Pteronus
vertehratus Say. Nematus dorsivittatus Cresson. Larva feeds
on willow and poplar.

P. Integra (Say). Nematus integer Say. Pteronus integer
Say. Larva feeds on black oak. Connecticut (E. N.) ; New
Haven.

°P. monochroma (Norton). Nematus mpnochromus Norton.

°P. stigmata (Norton). Nematus stigmatus Norton.
P. mendica (Walsh). Nematus mendicus Walsh. Pteronus
mendicus Walsh. Nematus trivittatus Norton. Larva feeds on
willow. New Haven, 4 May, 1904, 19 April, 1910 (H. L. V.,
VanDuzee, B. H. W.) ; Wallingford, 14 June, 1911 (J. K.
Lewis).

°P. pinguidorsum (Dyar). Nematus pinguidorsum Dyar.
Pteronus pinguidorsum Dyar. Larva feeds on birch.

°P. longicornis (Marlatt). Pteronus longicornis Mdivlatt

°P. dubia (Marlatt). Pteronus dubius Marlatt.

''P. lombardae (Marlatt). Pteronus lomhardce Marlatt.
Larva feeds on Lombardy poplar.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 137

Pontania Costa.
Key to Species.

1. Head, including orbits, black 2

Head with orbits resinous or ferruginous 5

2. Thorax with collar and tegulse black; body black, with tro-

chanters, apical half of femora, tibise, and tarsi, pallid;
clypeus nearly truncate; antennae with third segment dis-
tinctly shorter than fourth; saw-guides slender, tapering,

rounded at tip. Length 4 mm atra

Thorax with tegulse and collar narrowly pale 3

3. Clypeus very slightly concave, almost truncate; body black,

with tip of the clypeus, labrum, mouth-parts, extreme angles
of pronotum, teguls, and legs except bases of coxee, yellow;
antennae with third and fourth segments subequal; saw-
guides elongate, narrow, tapering regularly to tip.

Length 4 mm hyalina

Clypeus emarginate 4

4. Head smooth, not coarsely punctate; body black, with ape.x

of clypeus, other mouth-parts, angles of pronotum, tegulce,
and legs for the most part, yellow; antennse with third
segment slightly longer than fourth; saw-guides narrow,
regularly tapering or slightly emarginate on lower edge.

Length 4 mm terminalis

Head roughened and coarsely punctate; body black, with
clypeus, mouth-parts, angles of pronotum, tegulse, hypo-
pygium, and legs except bases of coxae, yellowish ferruginous;
antennas with segments three and four subequal; hypopygium
narrow, rounded at tip. Length 4 mm rugulosa

5. Head with the frontal crest obsolete 6

Head with the frontal crest present 7

6. Claws coarsely notched; body resinous yellow, with antennae

above, quadrate spot on vertex, quadrate spot on meso-
notum, line down center and tip of scutellum, and dorsum
of abdomen except the lateral margin, brownish black;
antennse with the third segment a little shorter than the fourth ;
saw-guides short, broad, rounded at tip, emarginate be-
neath. Length 4.5 mm robusta

Claws very minutely cleft at extreme tip; body yellowish
ferruginous, with antennas, a large spot on head about the ocelli,
occiput, mesonotum and metanotum, abdomen except nar-
row lateral margin, more or less of metaepisternum, and
bases of posterior coxae, black; procidentia not or scarcely
projecting. Length 4.5 mm placenta

7. Head with frontal crest unbroken, not even slightly notched 8
Head with frontal crest broken or notched 12

138 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

8. Body in great part black with pale markings 9

Body in great part resinous with black markings 11

9. Antennae with third segment longer than fourth; clypeus

deeply emarginate, lobes somewhat pointed; ocellar basin
sharply defined; saw-guides elongate, narrow, regularly
tapering; body black, with apical half of clypeus, mouth-
parts, angles of pronotum broadly, tegulse, and legs for the
most part, light yellow; venter of abdomen yellowish,
strongly infuscated. Length 5 mm populi

10. Surface of body shining, entirely without pubescence; ocellar

basin distinctly defined, with rounded walls; frontal crest
rather sharp and unbroken; median fovea oval and dis-
tinctly defined; saw-guides moderately broad, regularly round
at tip; body black, with orbits and face brownish yellow;
pronotum, tegulae, legs for most part, and venter of abdo-
men, yellowish or resinous; apical half of abdomen of
female above, yellow; procidentia not longer than wide.

Length 4.5 mm censors

Surface of the body clothed with minute yellowish hairs,
especially evident on thorax; ridges of ocellar basin al-
most obsolete; frontal crest well developed; median fovea
minute, oval; saw-guides narrow, elongate, regularlj^ tapering
or slightly excavated beneath, clothed with short black
hairs; body black, with the inner orbits narrowly, and the
cheeks, resinous, strongly infuscated; supraclypeal area,
mouth-parts, pronotum, tegulas, legs in great part, and
central area of venter of abdomen, resinous infuscated.
Length 4 mm borealis

11. Stigma broad, rounded on lower margin; body resinous, with

base of antennae, space about ocelli, stripe on each lobe
of mesonotum, apex of scutellum, metanotum, dorsal seg-
ments of abdomen except the last, extending over sides, large
spot on pectus, and saw-guides, brownish black-, clypeus
broadly and shallowly emarginate ; ocellar basin sharply and
distinctly defined ; antennae with third segment a little shorter
than fourth; saw-guides stout and broad basally, slightly
emarginate on lower apical edge, tip obtusely rounded.

Length 5 mm pectoralis

Stigma narrow, acuminate; body resinous, with antennae,
spot on head back of ocelli extending over occiput, center
of lobes of mesonotum, apical half of scutellum, meta-
thorax, basal plates, more or less of abdomen basally
and centrally to apex, and saw-guides, black ; clypeus shallowly,
somewhat angularly notched; ocellar basin with its walls
low; antennae with segments three and four subequal;
saw-guides broad, slightly concave on upper margin, and

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I39

decidedly produced at tip, which is obtusely pointed, with a
rather dense tuft of hairs. Length 5.5 mm acuminata

12. Dorsum of thorax and abdomen in great part black 13

Dorsum of thorax and abdomen in great part ferruginous.. 16

13. Pale color of inner orbits interrupted; body black, with

face below antennas, posterior and upper orbits, most of
pronotum, tegulge, legs except extreme bases of posterior
coxce and extreme bases of posterior tibiae, whitish or
resinous; clypeus circularly emarginate; ocellar basin dis-
tinctly defined; saw-guides broad, strongly acuminate at tip.

Length 4 mm nigrita

Pale color of inner orbits not interrupted 14

14. Antennas entirely black; body black, with orbits, face be-

neath antennas, pronotum, tegulas, legs, and venter of
abdomen, reddish yellow ; head much narrower than thorax ;
clypeus distinctly circularly emarginate; ocellar basin with
ridges rounded and subobsolete; saw-guides elongate, nar-
row, and tapering. Length 4 mm gracilis

Antennae, at least in part, pale beneath 15

15. Vertex roughened; body in female black, with the face below the

antennae, orbits, mouth-parts, angles of pronotum, tegulae, and
legs except extreme bases of coxae, ferruginous ; clypeus circu-
lar and moderately broadly notched with small lobes ; ocellar
basin distinctly defined; frontal crest strongly developed
and very slightly broken by median fovea; saw-guides
rather broad, acuminate, not very sharply pointed, hairs
rather long and abundant; male differs mainly in having

a greater extent of ferruginous. Length 5 mm pallicornis

Vertex not roughened ; body in female black, with orbits, face
below including frontal crest, most of pronotum, tegulae, legs,
extreme bases of posterior coxae, more or less of central
portion of venter of abdomen, including terminal seg-
ments, and terminal dorsal segments with the cerci, ferru-
ginous; clypeus rather deeply and angularly notched, lobes
triangular; ocellar basin distinctly limited, lateral ridges
not very sharply raised; frontal crest prominent, slightly
notched at center; saw-guides broad, very slightly emar-
ginate beneath, rounded above, apex rounded; male dif-
fers in having antennae beneath and frontal crest fulvous.
Length 4 mm pisum

16. Head with ridges about ocellar basin rounded, subobsolete;

clypeus rather deeply but angularly emarginate, lobes tri-
angular, rounded; frontal crest broad, rounded, slightly
notched; body in female ferruginous, with antennae except
beneath, quadrate spot including ocelli, stripe on center of meso-
notum sometimes wanting, spot on either side of scutellum,
metathorax in part, basal plates, narrow basal margin of dorsal

140 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

segments indistinct toward tip, and saw-guides, black; saw-
guides broad and robust, scarcely tapering, rounded at tip;
male differs in having more of black on head, thorax for
the most part, and dorsum of abdomen, black. Length

4-5.5 mm pomum

Head in female with ridges about ocellar basin well defined and
thick; clypeus deeply and narrowly emarginate, lobes rounded;
head and thorax strongly punctate; frontal crest large,
slightly notched; body ferruginous, with antennae, large
spot including ocelli, stripe on anterior lobe of mesonotum,
stripe in front of scutellum, most of metanotum, and dor-
sum of abdomen except at sides and at apex, brownish
black. Male differs in having ocellar basin less distinctly
defined. Length 4-5 mm desmodioides

°P. atra Marlatt.

P. hyalina (Norton). Messa hyalina Norton. Larva makes
galls on Salix fragilis. New Haven, 19 April, 1910 (B. H. W.).
P. terminalis Marlatt. Larva makes galls on smooth-leaved
willow.

°P. rugulosa Marlatt.

°P. robusta Marlatt. Larva folds the leaves of Populus
tremuloides.

°P. placenta Norton. Nematus placenta Norton.

°P. populi Marlatt. Larva folds the leaves of Populus
grandidentata.

°P. censors Marlatt. Larva makes galls on Salix sericea.

°P. borealis Marlatt. Larva makes galls on Salix sericea.

°P. pectoralis Marlatt.

°P. acuminata Marlatt.

°P. nigrita Marlatt.

°P. gracilis Marlatt. Larva makes galls on Salix petiolata.

°P. pallicornis (Norton). Nematus pallicornis Norton.
Larva feeds on willow.

P. pisum (Walsh). Nematus pisum Walsh. Larva makes
galls on Salix discolor. New Haven, 20 May, 1911 (A. B. C).

°P. pomum (Walsh). Nematus pomiim Walsh. Nematus
hospes Walsh. Larva makes galls on Salix cordata and dis-
color.

No. 22.1 .HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I4I

P. desmodioides Walsh. Nematus desmodioides Walsh.
Larva makes galls on SalLv humilis. New Canaan, 17 Septem-
ber, 1915 (B. H. W.).

Euura Newman.

Key to Species.

1. Frontal crest distinct 2

Frontal crest indefinite and apparently wanting; body black,
with the head except a quadrangular spot about the ocelli and
extending to the eyes, prothorax, margins of lobes of meso-
notum narrowly, upper half of pleurae, tegul^e, legs, abdo-
men except above at base, and saw-guides except at apex,
resinous; median fovea a minute elongate pit; saw-guides
large, upper and lower margins slightly converging, and
broadly rounded at apex. Length 7 mm maculata

2. Frontal crest unbroken at middle 3

Frontal crest notched or broken at middle 5

3. Orbits rufous 4

Orbits wholly black; body black, with antennje, except at

base, rufous; tegulas and legs beyond basal third of femora,
yellowish rufous; median fovea distinct, round, pit-like;
clypeus deeply, narrowly, angularly emarginate; saw-
guides narrow and converging on both margins to a
bluntly rounded apex. Length 6 mm salicicola

4. Median fovea circular, shallow; body black, with head ex-

cept a round patch about ocelli, prothorax, legs, venter,
and apex of abdomen more or less, rufous; clypeus shal-
lowly, roundly emarginate; saw-guides straight above, and
broadly convexly rounded to a blunt point at apex above.

Length 7 mm orbitalis

Median fovea deep, pit-like, longer than broad ; body in female
black, with head except a square spot about ocelli and occiput,
prothorax, tegulse, legs, and abdomen except some of the basal
dorsal abdominal segments, rufous; clypeus broadly, deeply
rounded ; saw-guides with two margins converging toward
apex, the lower margin strongly oblique, bluntly pointed
at apex; apex of saw-guides covered with a dense scopa;
male differs in having more black on head and abdomen.
Length 7 mm ovum

5. Orbits, at least in part, pale 6

Orbits wholly black; body black, with legs beyond middle

of femora, rufous; median fovea shallow, broad, indefinite;
frontal crest broken by a very narrow furrow; saw-guides
with the two margins gradually converging to a bluntly
rounded point at apex. Length 6 mm nigra

6. Median fovea indefinite, represented only by a shallow de-

pression in frontal crest; body black, with head except

142 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

a spot around ocelli and occiput, pronotum, tegulse, legs,
and venter of abdomen, luteous; saw-guides straight above
and broadly convexly truncated from the base to a point above

at apex. Length 4 mm minuta

Median fovea distinct, circular in outline, deep, and longer than
broad ; body in female black, with head except a spot around
ocelli and occiput, prothorax, tegulse, legs beyond mid-
dle of coxae, and abdomen except more or less at base, rufous ;
clypeus broadly, shallowly, roundly emarginate ; saw-guides
straight on upper margins, convex on lower, and obliquely
convexly truncated at apex ; male differs in having body
almost entirely black. Length 6 mm nodus

°E. maculata MacGillivray.

E. salicicola Smith. Larva makes galls on stems of Salix
alba. New Haven, 19 April, 1910 (B. H. W.).

*E. orbitalis Norton. Larva makes galls on stems of Salix
humilis. Connecticut (E. N.) ; New Haven, i, 8 June, 1911 (A.
B. C).

°E. ovum Walsh. Larva makes galls on stems of Salix
cordata.

°E. nigra Provancher. Larva makes a witch's broom on
Salix.

°E. minuta MacGillivray.

°E. nodus Walsh. Larva makes galls on stems of Salix
longifolia.

Blennocampin.e.
Key to Genera.

1. Gense broad and distinct, the eyes being distant from the base

of the mandibles 2

Gense narrow and indistinct, hardly more than a line beneath

the eyes 9

2. Claws simple, without a tooth 3

Claws always with a tooth, the tooth sometimes small 4

3. Antennae with third segment always distinctly longer than

fourth Pareophora p. 143

Antennae with third segment subequal in length to fourth

Neopareophora p. 144

4. Claws with a small tooth within before the apex 5

'Claws cleft at apex, inner tooth nearly as long as outer.. 7

5. Mesothoracic episternum with a transverse suture near its

cephalic margin separating off a presternum

Neotomostethus p. 144

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I43

Mesothoracic episternum without a transverse suture near
its cephalic margin 6

6. Antennae with third segment distinctly longer than fourth

Ardis
Antennae with third segment subequal to or shorter than
fourth Rhadinoceraea p. 144

7. Antennae with third segment subequal in length to fourth

Hypargyricus p. 144
Antennae with third segment always distinctly longer than
fourth 8

8. Hind wings of female with first anal cell never constricted

or petiolated at apex Isodyctium p. 145

Hind wings of female with first anal cell always distinctly
constricted and petiolated at apex Periclista p. 146

9. iNIesothoracic episternum with a transverse suture near its

cephalic margin, separating off a presternum

Tomostethus p. 148
Mesothoracic episternum not with a transverse suture near
its cephalic margin 10

10. Claws simple, without a tooth Monophadnus p. 148

Claws always with a tooth, the tooth sometimes small 11

11. Claws with one or more teeth within before the apex 12

Claws cleft at apex 13

12. Claws with an erect tooth at middle Paracharactus p. 150

Claws with two erect teeth at middle Neocharactus

13. Hind wings with transverse part of M2 present 14

Hind wings with transverse part of M2 wanting 16

14. Antennae with third segment subequal to or shorter than

fourth Phymatocera p. 150

Antennae with third segment always longer than fourth 15

15. Front wings with radial cross-vein and free part of R* in-

clined at the same angle Monophadnoides p. 151

Front wings with radial cross-vein and free part of R4 in-
clined at different angles Aphanisus p. 153

16. Front wings with radial cross-vein and free part of R* in-

clined at same angle Blennocampa p. 154

Front wings with radial cross-vein and free part of R4 in-
clined at different angles Erythraspides p. 155

Pareophcra Konow.

"P. floridana (Cresson). Selandria Horidana Cresson.
Blennocampa floridana Cresson.

Body shining black, with the mandibles rufous at base, the
tegulae and collar white, and the legs beyond the coxje luteous.
more or less suffused with fuscous ; wings infuscated, veins and
stigma black. Length 5 mm.

144 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Neopareophora MacGilHvray.

Key to Species.

1. Pleiiras rufous; body black, with labrum, mandibles, pro-

thorax, tegulse, mesopleurse, side lobes of mesonotum,
legs, venter and tip of abdomen, yellow or rufous; cerci
elongate; saw-guides obliquely truncated at apex; wings

hyaline. Length 4 mm martini

Pleurae black 2

2. Antennal furrows broad and distinct, interrupted on the middle

of the front by a fine, transverse ridge; body black, with
labrum, tegulse, front legs below coxae, middle and hind
legs below knees, and wings more or less at base, white;
cerci hardly exserted; saw-guides large, straight above,
broadly convexly rounded to a blunt point at apex. Length

6 mm nigra

Antennal furrows broad and distinct, not interrupted at mid-
dle by a fine transverse furrow; body black, with labrum,
mandibles for the most part, front legs, more or less infus-
cated at base and apex, and middle legs beyond apices of
femora, rufous; cerci hardly projecting; saw-guides large
and obliquely rounded to a point at apex; wings infus-
cated. Length 7 mm scelesta

°N. martini AlacGillivray.

°N. nigra (Harrington). Phymatocera nigra Harrington.

°N. scelesta MacGilHvray.

Neotomostethus MacGilHvray.

°N. hyalinus MacGilHvray.
Body black, with the tegulse and the legs below the knees,
except the apices of the posterior tibiae and tarsi, white ; median
fovea broad and rounded ; antennal furrow wanting on the front ;
wings hyaline. Length 6 mm.

Rhadinoceraea Konow.

°R. similata MacGilHvray.
Body black ; wings strongly infuscated ; the postocellar area
elevated ; ocellar basin distinct ; saw-guides rounded at apex to a
blunt point above. Length 8 mm.

Hypargyricus MacGilHvray.

°H. infuscatus MacGilHvray.
Postocellar area strongly elevated ; saw-guides straight on
upper and lower margins and rounded to a blunt point at middle

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I45

of apex; body black; front femora and tibiae more or less white
in front, suffused with black; wings infuscated. Length 8 mm.

*H. fumipennis (Norton). Selandria (Phymatocera) fumi-
pennis Norton. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv, Fig. 13.

Postocellar area hardly elevated above the posterior orbits ;
saw-guides straight above and convex below, rounded to a
blunt point at apex above ; body black ; front femora and tibiae
more or less white in front, suffused with black ; wings infus-
cated. Length 8 mm. Larva feeds on Smilacina racemosa.

Farmington (E. N.) ; Hamden, 24 July, 1910 (B. H. W.).

Isodyctium Ashmead

Key to Species.

1. Head wholly or in part pale 2

Head wholly black 3

2. Body wholly yellow or rufous, with eyes and antennae be-

yond first segment, black ; wings, including veins and
stigma, yellowish hyaline; postocellar area completely cir-
cumscribed; saw-guides concave above and below, pro-
longed into a narrow truncated projection above at apex.

Length 6-7 mm dilutum

Body black, with orbits connected across postocellar area,
antennal fovese, first segment of antennas in part, supra-
clypeal area in part, clypeus, spot on mandibles, most of
prothorax, tegulse, median lobe of mesonotum with its
lateral margins, a spot on scutellum, pleurae in part, legs,
and abdomen in great part, pale luteous; wings hyaline.
Length 6 mm rileyi

3. Ocellar basin subobsolete; body black, with clypeus, labrum,

mandibles, tegulse, prothorax, legs, and abdomen beyond
basal plates, except a broad fuscous band through the middle
of the dorsum, luteous ; pleurae, broad bands on lobes of meso-
notum, and scutellum, rufous; saw-guides concave above,
convex below, and prolonged above into a marked spine-
like projection at apex; wings hyaline. Length 7 mm. . .caryicola
Ocellar basin small, but distinct 4

4. Clypeus scarcely emarginate; body black, with a spot on

supraclypeal area, clypeus, broad bands on lobes of meso-
notum, pleurae, legs, and abdomen, except blackish bands
of varying extent on each of the segments, rufous; wings

hyaline. Length 6.5 mm infrequens

Clypeus distinctly, angularly emarginate 5

5. Pleurse in great part black; body black, with clypeus, labrum,

spot on mandibles, collar narrowly, tegulse, a narrow line
10

146 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

on posterior margin of mesopleuras, a line on the posterior
margin of the abdominal segments, broadest on the venter, and
the legs, brownish white; a band on posterior margin of each
lobe of mesonotum, the scutellum, and the median tergal ab-
dominal segments more or less, rufous; saw-guides con-
cave above, and convex below, broadly rounded at apex to

a point above ; wings hyaline. Length 6 mm atratum

Pleurae rufous; body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles
in great part, collar broadly, tegulse, legs, and abdomen
beyond basal plates in great part, luteous, sometimes suf-
fused with rufous; lobes of mesonotum except a black
spot on center of each, scutellum, and pleurae, rufous;
saw-guides slightly concave above, and convexly rounded
from the base to a point at apex above ; wings hyaline. Length
6 mm murtfeldtiae

°I. dilutum (Cresson). Monophadnus dilutus Cresson. Larva
feeds on Quercus alba and Quercus prinus.

°I. rileyi (Cresson). Selandria rileyi Cresson. Monophadnus
rileyi Cresson.

°I. caryicola Dyar. Larva feeds on pig-nut hickory.

°I. infrequens Dyar. Larva feeds on Quercus alba.
I. atratum MacGillivray. Southington, 27 April, 191 1 (W.
E. B.).

°I. murtfeldtiae Dyar. Larva feeds on black oak.

Periclista Konow.
Key to Species.

1. Pleurae more or less rufous 2

Pleurae wholly black 4

2. Fourth segment of antennae distinctly longer than fifth; front

finely punctate 3

Fourth segment of antennas equal to fifth; front finely stri-
ated; saw-guides with their upper margins straight, their
lower margins convex at base, concave and constricted into
a bhmt point at apex; body black, with clypeus, labrum,
collar broadly, tegulae, legs, metapleurae, venter of abdo-
men, and greater part of tergum except a band at
center, luteous or white; pleurae, a broad band on apex of
each lobe of mesonotum, and scutellum, rufous; wings
hyaline. Length 7 mm purpuridorsum

3. Ocellar basin uniformly concave; ocellar furrow distinct;

body black, with clypeus, labrum, collar broadly, tegulae.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 147

legs, upper half of pleurae, mesonotum except black spot
at middle, metanotum, scutellum, and abdomen, fulvous;
. mesonotum and mesopleurse tending to rufous; wings hya-
line. Length 7 mm marginicollis

Ocellar basin flat and distinct; ocellar furrow wanting; saw-
guides with their upt»er margins slightly concave above, and
with the lower margins convex, and drawn out to a sharp point
above at apex; body black, with clypeus, labrum, collar
broadly, tegulse, legs beyond coxae, and abdomen at sides
above and for the most part beneath, luteous shading to
brownish; median lobe of mesonotum for the most part,
and pleurae, brown ; wings hyaline. Length 5 mm confusa

4. Clypeus, if emarginate, not angularly emarginate 5

Clypeus angularly emarginate; body black, with labrum, col-
lar narrowly, tegulae, legs, and tergum of abdomen for
the most part, white, more or less suffused with rufous
and fuscous ; wings hyaline. Length 7 mm emarginata

5. Legs with femora more or less black 6

Legs wholly pale beyond coxas; body black, with collar

narrowly, tegulae, and legs beyond knees, luteous; femora
rufous; ocellar basin distinct; postocellar area twice as
broad as long; wings hyaline. Length 6 mm media

6. Interocellar furrow not extending onto postocellar area ; body

black, with collar narrowly, and tegulae, white ; knees and tibiae

luteous ; tarsi fuscous ; wings hyaline. Length 5.5 mm

chionanthi
Interocellar furrow extending onto postocellar area; body
black, with collar narrowly, and tegulae, white ; legs beyond
middle of femora, brown; tarsi more or less dusky; wings
hyaline. Length 5.5 mm subtruncata

°P. purpuridorsum Dyar. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv,
Fig. 10. Larva feeds on Quercus alba.

°P. marginicollis (Norton). Selandria marginicollis Norton.
Monophadnus marginicollis Norton.

°P. confusa MacGillivray. Larva feeds on Quercus obtusi-
loba.

°P. emarginata MacGillivray. Mogerus emarginatus MacGil-
livray. Larva feeds on Quercus coccinea.

°P. media (Norton). Selandria media Norton. Monophadnus
media Norton. Larva feeds on Quercus alba.

'P. chionanthi Dyar. Larva feeds on Chionanthus.

'P. subtruncata Dyar. Larva feeds on Quercus coccinea.

Ol

o:

148 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Tomostethus Konow.
Key to Species.

1. Mesonotum and pleurae rufous 2

Mesonotum and pleura black; body black, with labrum, a

fine line on collar, tegulae, front legs below middle of fem-
ora, and middle and hind legs beyond knees, white; saw-
guides concave above, and broadly convex below, obliquely
truncately rounded to a point at apex above; wings hya-
line. Length 6 mm nortoni

2. Front with large tranverse lateral foveae; body in female black,

with prothorax, mesonotum, mesopleurae, scutellum, and meta-
notum, rufous ; wings infuscated ; saw-guides broadly obliquely
rounded at apex; male sometimes has the entire mesonotum

black. Length 5-8 mm bardus

Front not with large transverse lateral fovae; body black,
with prothorax, upper half of mesopleuroe, lobes of meso-
notum, front legs below knees, and knees of middle and
hind pair, luteous or rufous; head with a depressed, rough-
ened, shield-shaped area below and including the median
ocellus; wings hyaline; saw-guides obliquely pointed to
apex above. Length 7 mm inhabilis

°T. nortonii MacGillivray.

T. bardus (Say). Allantus bardus Say. Selandria tarda
Say. Mouopliadnus bardus Say. PI. i, Fig. 4. Howard,
Insect Book, PL xii, Figs. 13 and 15. Larva feeds on ash. New
Haven, 1904 (B. H. W.).

T. inhabilis (Norton). Selandria inhabilis Harris. Blenno-
campa inhabilis Norton. Larva feeds on pear. New Haven, 15
May, 1905, ISIilldale, 21 May, 1906, Yalesville, 26 May, 1908
(B. H. W.) ; Watertown, 26 May, 191 1 (W. E. B.) ; Orange,
21 May, 191 1 (A. B. C).

Monophadnus Hartig.
Key to Species.

1. Antenna! furrow interrupted on middle of front 2

Antennal furrow continuous and distinct from clypeus to

occiput; body black, with labrum, tegute, and legs below
knees, white; scutellum coarsely punctate behind at sides;
scutellar appendage flat and impunctate; ocellar basin dis-
tinct. Length 7 mm distinctus

2. Front with deep, broad lateral foveas, not connected with

antennal foveae; body black, with tegulae, corners of pro-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I49

thorax somewhat, and legs below knees, white; scutellum
with a few scattered coarse punctures behind ; scutellar
appendage flat and impunctate; median fovea continuous

with ocellar basin. Length 5 mm minutua

Front not with a large puncture on each side, sometimes
with end of antennal furrow enlarged and punctiform 3

3. Mesonotum with median lobe more densely punctate than

lateral lobes; body black, with tegulae and legs below knees
white ; saw-guides straight above and below, and obliquely
rounded to a blunt point at apex above; apex of scutellum
finely densely punctate; scutellar appendage flat and punctate.

Length 6 mm tiliae

Mesonotum with the median lobe, if punctate, uniformly punc-
tate with the lateral lobes 4

4. Scutellar appendage flat and not carinate at middle S

Scutellar appendage longitudinally carinate at middle 6

5. Area in front of median ocellus smooth; body black, with

legs below trochanters more or less whitish, sometimes
strongly infuscated; wings infuscated; head and thorax
impunctate; saw-guides with sides straight and obliquely

rounded at apex. Length 6 mm nubilipennis

Area in front of median ocellus always more or less rough-
ened; body black, with tegulae and legs below knees, white;
wings slightly infuscated; scutellum coarsely punctate at
sides behind; saw-guides obliquely rounded to a blunt
point at apex. Length 6 mm bipvinctatus

6. Scutellum and metathorax uniformly densely punctate; body

black, with tegulae, pronotum for the most part, front legs
beyond bases of femora, and middle and hind legs beyond
knees, white; front finely punctate; ocellar basin fairly
distinct; saw-guides oblique at apex and pointed. Length

5.5 mm aequalis

Scutellum more densely punctate than metathorax 7

7. Head with V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus distinct;

body black, with tegulae, margin of pronotum more or less,
and legs beyond knees, white; wings yellowish hyaline;
saw-guides with two edges parallel and obliquely trun-
cate at apex. Length 6.5 mm plicatus

Head with V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus indefinite,
almost obliterated; body black, with labrum, tegulae, pro-
notum entirely, legs beyond knees, and a narrow margin
at apex of each tergal and ventral segment, white; wings
yellowish hyaline; saw-guides with two sides parallel,
squarely truncated at apex, with lower corner rounded.
Length 6 mm transversus

150 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [Bull.

°M. distinctus MacGillivray.

°M. minutus MacGillivray.

*M. tili^ Norton. Sclandria tilice Norton. Larva feeds on
linden. Farmington (E. N.).

• °M. nubilipennis Norton. Selandria nubilipennis Norton.

M. bipunctatus MacGillivray. Stonington, 16 May, 1906
(B. H. W.).

°M. Eequalis MacGillivray.

°M. plicatus MacGillivay.

°M. transversus MacGillivray.

Paracharactus MacGillivray.

*P. rudis (Norton). Selandria rudis Norton. Phymatocera
rudis Norton.

Mesonotum wholly rufous; body black, with the labrum
white, and the prothorax, mesonotum, and the metanotuni in
part, rufous ; front legs below the knees, and the knees of the
middle pair, white, more or less infuscated; ocellar basin dis-
tinct ; median fovea broader than long. Length 6 mm.
Connecticut (E. N.).

°P. obscuratus MacGillivray.
Mesonotum black, except a small infuscated spot near the
bases of the wings ; body black, with the tip of the clypeus, the
labrum, the supraclypeal area, the angles of the prothorax,
the posterior third of the mesopleurae, and the front and middle
legs below the knees, yellow or rufous; ocellar basin indistinct.
Length 5 mm.

Phymatocera Dahlbom.

P. rufula Norton. Selandria rufula Norton.

Body black, with the clypeus, labrum, and mandibles,
rufous, shading onto the front adjacent to the antennal sockets
and the proximal segments of the antennae; tip of the anterior
femora longer beneath, rufous shaded with fuscous; head pol-
ished; the antennal foveae wanting below the lateral ocelli,
replaced by a sharp ridge extending to the antennal sockets ; the
antennal sockets deeply and broadly notched above; the area
between the ridges concave, polished around the median ocel-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 151

lus, angularly interrupted between the antennal sockets; the
supraclypeal area depressed; antennae with the third, fourth
and fifth segments subequal; the saw-guides concave above,
and broadly convexly rounded below and at apex to a point
above. Length 5.5 mm.

New Haven, 28 July, 1911 (A. B. C.) ; Farmington (E. N.).

Monophadnoides Ashmead.

Key to Species.

1. Abdomen with dorsal surface rufous 2

Abdomen with dorsal surface black 4

2. Front with a depression around the median ocellus more or less

distinct but not V-shaped; body black, with tegulae, cor-
ners of pronotum, and legs beyond bases of femora, lute-
ous; abdomen with greater part of tergal segments two
to five rufous; front with lateral fovea; scutellum punctate
at apex; saw-guides broad, straight above, broadly convex

below, oblique at apex. Length 5.5 mm rubi

Front with a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus 3

3. Front with a triradiate depression in front of the median ocellus ;

antennae with third segment shorter than the fourth and fifth
together; body black, with tegulae, pronotum, front legs beyond
trochanters, and middle and hind legs beyond middle of
femora, luteous; abdominal segments one to five, yellow-
ish rufous; front with lateral fovea; saw-guides of moder-
ate width, straight above and below, obliquely rounded to

a point above at apex. Length 6.5 mm conspicuus

Front with a deep, semicircular depression in front of the median
ocellus; body black, with angles of pronotum, tegulae,
and legs below knees, white; third segment of antennae
shorter than fourth and fifth together; head smooth and
polished ; saw-guides straight above and below, obliquely
convexly rounded at apex. Length 6 mm concessus

4. Front with lateral foveae 5

Front not with lateral fovas; if indicated, the puncture broad

and shallow 10

5. Scutellum wholly smooth 6

Scutellum punctate or striate at apex 8

6. Antennae with second segment broader than long 7

Antennae with second segment longer than broad; body black,

with collar narrowly, tegulae, and legs below knees, white;
pentagonal area wanting; saw-guides straight above, con-
vex below, and obliquely, emarginately truncated at apex.
Length 5 mm conspiculatus

152 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull..

7. Ocellar furrow narrow, deep, and distinct; body black, with

angles of pronotum, tegulae, and legs below knees, white;
pentagonal area flattened, walls flat and practically want-
ing; third segment of antennae not as long as fourth and
fifth together; saw-guides straight above, convex below,
broadly obliquely rounded to a blunt point above at apex.

Length 6 mm consobrinus

Ocellar furrow broad, shallow, and indistinct; body black, with
tegulae, and legs beyond knees, white, except that the tips of the
tibiae and the tarsi are more or less infuscated; pentagonal
area wholly wanting; third segment of antennae as long as
fourth and fifth together; saw-guides convex above and
below, obliquely truncated to a point above at apex.
Length 5 mm cordatus.

8. Scutellum punctate at apex; front without a V-shaped furrow

behind median ocellus; body black, with collar narrowly,
tegulae, and legs below knees, white; third segment of
antennae subequal in length to fourth and fifth together;
pentagonal area wanting; saw-guides straight above and
below, obliquely rounded to a blunt point at apex above.

Length 6 mm crassus

Scutellum striate at apex 9

9. Front with a V-shapcd furrow behind median ocellus; body

black, with angles of pronotum, tegulae, trochanters, and
legs beyond knees, white; third segment of antennae sub-
equal in length to fourth and fifth together; pentagonal
area wanting; saw-guides broad, straight above, strongly

convexly rounded below to apex above. Length 5 mm

conspersus

Front without a V-shaped furrow behind anterior ocellus;
body black, with angles of pronotum, tegulae, and legs
below knees, white; third segment of antennae shorter than
fourth and fifth together; pentagonal area wanting; saw-
guides straight above and below, oblique at apex, drawn

out into a long point above. Length 6 mm costatus

10. Scutellum smooth, or at most extremely finely rugose ; body
black, with angles of pronotum narrowly, tegulae, and legs
beyond knees, white; antennas with third segment distinctly
shorter than fourth and fifth together; pentagonal area and
V-shaped furrow behind median ocellus wanting. Length
6 mm coracinus

Scutellum distinctly punctate at sides; body black, with angles
of pronotum broadly, tegulae, apices of coxae and trochan-
ters more or less, and legs beyond knees, white; antennae
with third segment shorter than fourth and fifth together;
pentagonal area indistinctly impressed; V-shaped furrow
behind median ocellus distinct; saw-guides broad, convex

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 1 55

above and below, broadly obliquely rounded to a blunt
point at apex above. Length 6 mm coUaris

°M. conspicuus MacGillivray.

*M. rubi (Harris). Selandria (Hoplocampa) ruhi Harris
Monophadnus ruhi Harris. Raspberry Saw-fly. Larva feeds
on Rubus. Connecticut (E. N.) ; Branford, 8 May, 1905 (H.
W. W.).

°M. concessus MacGillivray.

**M. conspiculatus MacGillivray.

M. consobrinus MacGillivray. New Haven, 28 April, 1905
(A. B. Recknagel), 30 May, 1910 (W. E. B.).

°M. cordatus MacGillivray.

^M. crassus MacGillivray.

°M. conspersus MacGillivray.

°M. costatus MacGillivray.

M. coracinus MacGillivray, New Haven, 22 June, 1907
(B. H. W.).

M. coUaris MacGillivray. Stonington, 13 June, 1907 (B.
H. W.).

Aphanisus MacGillivray.
Key to Species.

1. Front with a distinct pentagonal area 2

Front with pentagonal area entirely wanting 3

2. Pentagonal area with its lateral walls sharp and distinct;

front smooth and polished; body black, with pronotum,
tegulas, legs, and a fine margin on apex of abdominal seg-
ments, white or luteous; wings somewhat infuscated;
scutellum impunctate at sides; front without lateral foveae;
saw-guides broad, straight above, broadly convexly
rounded from the base to a hooked point above. Length

5 mm lobatus

Pentagonal area with its lateral walls low and indistinct; front
finely rugose ; body black, with collar, tegulae, and legs below
knees, white ; femora more or less piceous ; wings hyaline ;
scutellum punctate at sides ; front without lateral f oveae ; saw-
guides straight above, convexly rounded below to a blunt
point above. Length 5 mm muricatus

3. Front with a V-shaped furrow behind median ocellus; body

black, with collar, tegulae, and legs below knees, white;

154 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

wings hyaline; scutellum punctate at sides; front with
lateral foveae connected with antennal fovese; saw-guides
straight above, convex below, and obliquely rounded to a

point above. Length 5 mm odoratus

Front without a V-shaped furrow behind median ocellus;
body black, with collar, tegulse, and legs beyond middle
of femora, white; wings hyaline; scutellum roughened at
sides; front with lateral fovese not connected with antennal
foveas; saw-guides straight above and convexly rounded
from the base to a blunt point above. Length 6 mm nigritus

°A. lobatus MacGillivray.
°A. muricatus MacGillivray.

A. odoratus MacGillivray. New Haven, 15 May, 1905 (B.
H. W.).

°A. nigritus MacGillivray.

Blennocampa Hartig.
Key to Species.

«

1. Antennae with third segment shorter than fourth and fifth

together 2

Antennae with third segment as long as or longer than fourth
and fifth together 3

2. Antennse with third segment a little longer than fourth;

wings fuliginous; body black, with trochanters, front legs
in front, and knees and tarsi more or less, pale luteous;

tegulse brown. Length 6 mm carbonaria

Antennae with third segment one and one-half times as long
as fourth; wings hyaline; body black, with legs beyond
knees shading from piceous to luteous; tegulae in part,
white; head and thorax finely pubescent. Length 6.5 mm.

spiraeae

3. Front with a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus 4

Front without a V-shaped furrow; pentagonal area entirely

wanting; body black, with tegulae and legs below knees,
white; tibiae more or less infuscated; clypeus angularly
emarginate. Length 5.5 mm abnorma

4. Scutellum punctate or striate, at least in part 6

Scutellum smooth, not punctate or striate 5

5. Median fovea with a rounded papilla at center; hind wings

with the cell R1+2 rounded at apex, without a spur; body
black, with tegulse and legs below knees luteous ; front tibiae
and tarsi more or less infuscated; saw-guides convex above
and below and convexly truncated at apex. Length 6 mm.

antennata

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 155

Median fovea flat, without a papilla at center, somewhat X-
shaped; hind wings with cell R1+2 angulated at apex below,
with a spur; body black, with tegulse and legs below
knees, except apices of tibiae and greater part of tarsi,
white; saw-guides strongly convex above and below and
rounded to a point at apex. Length 6 mm aperta

6. Scutellum punctate at sides 7

Scutellum finely striate at sides; body black, with tegulae

and legs below knees, except apices of tibiae and tarsi,
white; median fovea an elongate furrow; saw-guides broad,
straight above, convex below, obliquely truncated at apex.
Length 6 mm angulata

7. Median fovea with a large rounded papilla at center; body

black, with tegulse, and legs, except tips of middle and pos-
terior tibiae and tarsi, white; hind wings with cell R1+2
angular below at apex, without a spur; saw-guides straight
above, and convexly obliquely rounded from base to apex

below. Length 6 mm adusta

Median fovea flat, without a papilla at center; body black,
with tegulae and legs below knees luteous; hind wings with
cell Rn.2 rounded at apex, without a spur; saw-guides broad,
straight above and below, broadly convexly and somewhat
obliquely rounded at apex. Length 6 mm acuminata

°B. carbonaria (Cresson). Selandria carbonaria Cresson.
B, spiraeas Dyar. Larva feeds on Spiraa salicifolia.
B. abnorma MacGillivray.
B. antennata MacGillivray.
B. aperta MacGillivray.
B. angulata MacGillivray.
B. adusta MacGillivray.
B. acuminata MacGillivray.

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

Erythraspides Ashmead.

Key to Species.

I. Mesonotum rufous 2

Mesonotum shining black; body black, with apices of co.xae,
trochanters, and legs beyond knees, white; posterior tibiae
infuscated; pentagonal area and V-shaped furrow wanting;
front without lateral foveae; saw-guides straight above and
below, broadly convexly rounded to a blunt apex; wings in
female infuscated; male with wings clearer at apex.
Length 5.5 mm parvus

156 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull..

2. Lateral fovese broken by antennal foveae; body black, with
prothorax, mesothorax, and scutellum except at apex,
rufous; clypeus and legs for the most part, white; coxje
and tarsi somewhat infuscated; wings somewhat infns-

cated. Length 6 mm carya&

Lateral fovese not broken by antennal fovese; body black,
with tip of clypeus, front and middle legs beyond coxae,
hind coxse, and hind femora beneath, white; pronotum,
mesonotum, and tegulse, rufous; pentagonal area and V-
shaped furrow wanting; front with a pit-like puncture on
each side; saw-guides retracted. Length 7 mm pygmaeuS'

°E. parvus (Cresson). Blennocampa parva Cresson. Larva
feeds on Fuchsia.

*E. caryae (Norton). Monophadnus carycc Norton. Selandria
caryco Norton. Larva feeds on hickory. Farmington (E. N.).

E. pygmasus (Say). Blennocampa pygmcea Say. Selandria-
vitis Harris. Larva feeds on Vitis. Connecticut (E. N.).

Fenusin^.

Key to Genera.

1. Hind wings with second anal vein wanting, so that the first

anal cell is open; base of third anal vein in front wings

represented by a dark band 3

Hind wings with second anal vein present, so that the first
anal cell is closed; base of third anal vein in front wings
entirely wanting 2

2. Front wings with the radio-medial cross-vein present

Profenusa p. 156
Front wings with the radio-medial cross-vein wanting . .Messa p. 157

3. Radial cross-vein ending in cell Ri a considerable distance

before free part of R* Kaliofenusa p. 157

Radial cross-vein ending in cell Rs a considerable distance beyond
free part of R^ Fenusa p. 157

Profenusa MacGillivray.

P. collaris MacGillivray.

Body in female black, with clypeus, labrum, malar space,
mandibles, first segment of antennae, tegulae, a narrow margin
to the pronotum, and legs for the most part, whitish ; protho-
rax except parts named, cephalic part of mesopleurae, and pec-
tus, rufous ; median fovea minute but distinct ; vertical furrows

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 157

not reaching the occiput; clypeus truncate; saw-guides with
dorsal and ventral margins converging, the apex bluntly-
pointed. Male differs in having rufous part of thorax inclined
to whitish and extending over entire pleurae, venter of abdo-
men, and a broad band on lateral part of dorsal aspect, broader
behind, sometimes fused on meson, whitish. Length 3 to 4
mm. Larva mines leaves of Cratcegus and Prunus.

Messa Leach.
°M. ambigua (Norton). Fenusa ambigua Norton.
Black, with the two basal segments of the antennae, the pro-
thorax entirely, the tegulae, the legs entirely, the abdomen for
the most part (sometimes infuscated at apex), white; antennae
with the second segment elongate, the first and second
together subequal to the third in length, the third longer than
the fourth ; wings hyaline, hairy, the veins and stigma brown-
ish ; saw-guides straight above, rounded below and at apex to
a point above. Length 3.5 mm.

Kaliofenusa MacGillivray.
°K. ulmi (Sundewall). Kaliosysphinga ulmi Sundewall.
Black, except legs beyond the knees, which are brownish ;
hypoclypeal area convex, abrupt in front ; clypeal furrow prom-
inent, not interrupted by the clypeal area ; front elevated, with
a broad, shallow median fovea, as broad as the area between
the antennae; antennal furrows extending from the tentorial
invaginations almost to the occiput, deep and narrow as far as
the anterior ocellus, separated from the occiput by a narrow
wall ; wings almost hyaline, infuscated along the veins.
Length 3.5 mm. Larva mines leaves of the European and
American elms.

Fenusa Leach.
°F. dohrnii (Tischbein). Kaliosysphinga dohrnii Tischbein.
Black, except legs beyond the knees, which are fuscous;
head without a distinct furrow between the ocellar and posto-
cellar areas; antennal furrow not expanded into a large pit
opposite the middle of the front, and with two distinct tooth-
like indentations on the median side; saw-guides with the

158 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST SURVEY. [Bull.

dorsal margin convex and obliquely rounded at apex, bluntly
and roundly pointed above ; third segment of the antennas as
long as the fourth and fifth together, the fourth and fifth sub-
equal, the second broader than the fourth- Length 3 mm.
Larva mines the leaves of the European alder.

SCOLIONEURIN^.

Key to Genera.

1. Antennae with second segment annular, broader than long;

first and second segments together shorter than third.... 2
Antennas with second segment distinctly longer than broad;
first and second segments together as long as or longer
than third Melanobates p. 158

2. Eyes with their inner margins straight and parallel, not con-

verging below ; front distinctly wider than high

Polybates p. 158
Eyes with their inner margins uniformly convex and con-
verging below; front not as wide as high Metallus p. 159

Melanobates MacGillivray.

M. leucostomus Rohwer.

Body black, with the clypeus, labrum, basal half of the mandi-
bles, angles of the pronotum, and tegulse, white ; legs below the
knees brownish white; front around the base of the antennas in-
distinctly punctate; median fovea large, circular, and not
sharply defined ; antennal furrows punctiform above the ocelli ;
third antennal segment longer than the fourth ; the stigma
rounded on the radial margin, broadest at the middle. Length
3 mm.

Polybates MacGillivray.

P. slosson^ MacGillivray.

Lateral foveae united with the antennal foveas; vertical fur-
rows punctiform ; ocellar furrow distinct, broadly concave
behind; ocellar basin strongly convex, slightly depressed in front
of the median ocellus; median fovea deep, punctiform; an-
tennae slender, the first and second segments together less than
half the length of the third; wings hyaline, the veins, costa, and
stigma brown ; stigma over twice as long as wide, its hind margin
uniformly convexly rounded; saw-guides straight above and
below, converging to a bluntly rounded point at apex ; body
black, with all the legs entirely white. Length 3 mm.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 1 59

P. secundus Rohwer.

Lateral fovese distinctly separated from the antennal fovese;
ocellar furrow straight; median fovea small, circular, and well
defined; postocellar area broader at the occiput; antennae with
the first segment slightly shorter than the second, the second and
third equal; saw-guides like those of the preceding species; stig-
ma about twice as long as its greatest width, broader and some-
what angled at base; body black, with the abdomen piceous and
all the legs pale yellow; wings dusky, the veins dark brown.
Length 3 mm.

Metallus Forbes.
Key to Species.

1. Sligma three times as long as broad; front not punctate around

base of antennae; body shining black, with median and
lateral lobes of mesonotum rufous; labrum, clypeus, mandibles,
antennae, angles of pronotum, tegulse, anterior and middle
legs below bases of coxs, and trochanters, tibiae, and
tarsi of hind legs, orange white ; antennae with third seg-
ment not as long as fourth and fifth together; saw-guides
narrow, upper margins straight, apex rounded, curved from

upper apex to lower base. Length 4 mm canadensis

Stigma twice as long as broad; front not punctate around
base of antennae 2

2. Front wings with free part of Mi-HCui joining cell M* dis-

tinctly beyond the middle; body reddish yellow, with legs
pallid, and head, antennae beyond second segment, meso-
pleurae, pectus, and apex of abdomen, piceous; head with
an indistinct transverse carina between antennae; third an-
tennal segment longer than fourth and not as long as
fourth and fifth together; saw-guides straight above, ob-
liquely truncate, and rounded below. Length 3.5 mm capitalis

Front wings with free part of M^-fCui joining cell M* at
middle 3

3. Mesonotum and scutellum rufous ; body black, with the two basal

segments of antenna, middle and lateral lobes of meso-
notum, scutellum, its appendage, and postscutellum, rufous;
legs with trochanters, knees, front and middle tibiae and
tarsi, posterior tibiae (more or less infuscated towards apex),
and posterior tarsi, yellowish white ; saw-guides straight above,"
convex below, obliquely truncated at apex, rounded at angle
below, and sharply pointed at upper apical angle. Length

4.5 mm rohweri

Mesonotum and scutellum black 4

l6o CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

4. Ocellar furrow distant from median ocellus, connected with
it by a distinct interocellar furrow; depressed area around
median ocellus small with precipitous walls, forming a
well marked V; median fovea a broad, deep pit, subequal
to lateral fovea; body polished, with sparse setigerous
punctures, and black, with apices of coxae, trochanters, knees,
tibiae, and tarsi, white; front femora sometimes only infus-
cated at apex; saw-guides straight above, oblique at apex,
convex below, and rounded to a point at apex above. Length

4 mm rubi

Ocellar furrow adjacent to median ocellus, interocellar fur-
row therefore wanting; depressed area behind median ocel-
lus broad; median fovea a broad, deep pit, larger than
lateral fovea; lateral fovea distinct from antennal fovea;
body polished, with sparse setigerous punctures; saw-
guides straight above, somewhat oblique below, broadly
obliquely rounded to a point at apex above. Length 4 mm.

bethunei
'M. canadensis Marlatt.

oi

on

'M. capitalis Norton.
°M. rohweri MacGillivray.

M. rubi Forbes. Larva a leaf miner in blackberry and
dewberry. New Haven, 6 July, 1904 (H. L. V.).

°M. bethunei MacGillivray. Larva a leaf miner in black-
berry.

HyLOTOMIN/E.
Key to Genera.

Front wings with cell R^^2 not appendiculate at apex; cells R
and R5 coalesced Atomacera p. 160

Front wings with cell R1+2 not appendiculate at apex; cells R
and Ro separate Hylotoma p. i6r

Atomacera Say.
Key to Species.

1. Body black and rufous 2

Body black; wings strongly infuscated; front legs white or
piceous beyond knees; head and body polished. Length
4 mm. Without much doubt the male of the following
species debilis

2. Body black, with pronotum, mesonotum, scutellum, and upper

part of pleurae, rufous; wings strongly infuscated; legs
paler beyond knees, front pair usually white; mesonotum
sparingly punctate. Length 4 mm ruficoUis

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. l6l

Body black, with abdomen rufous; clypeus, labrum, and palpi,
whitish; wings strongly infuscated; legs whitish, ante-
rior tibiae darker. Length 6 mm cellularis

A. debilis Say. Poquonock, 2"^ June, 1905 (H. L. V.),

A. ruficollis Norton. Poquonock, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.,
B. H. W.).

°A. cellularis Say. Larva feeds on sweet potato.

Hylotoma Latreille.

Key to Species.

1. Head, thorax, and abdomen wholly black or blue-black .... 2
Head, thorax, and abdomen not wholly black 4

2. Tibiae black; wings strongly infuscated, clearer at tip, a

darker spot below stigma. Length 8 mm ccerulea

Tibiae in great part white 3

3. Legs white below knees, except apices of middle and poste-

rior tibiae and apices of each of their tarsal segments;
body entirely black, except parts named; wings strongly
infuscated, paler at apex. Length 6 mm. (male) . . . . dulciaria
Legs wholly pale below knees; body black or blue-black,
with palpi and legs beyond knees white, tip of posterior
tibiae and their tarsi sometimes somewhat infuscated;
wings smoky or hyaline, with a dark spot below the
stigma. Length 1 1 mm macleayi

4. Head wholly black 5

Head wholly or in great part pale 13

5. Thorax wholly black 6

Thorax wholly or in part pale 8

6. Legs black; abdomen beyond basal plates yellow or reddish

yellow; palpi and front tibiae infuscated. Length 8 mm.

abdominalis
Legs wholly or in part pale 7

7. Antennae usually with apical segments yellow; abdomen usu-

ally beyond the basal plates, and legs beyond the knees,
yellow; wings and veins yellowish hyaline, with stigma
and a spot below it infuscated; remainder of body shining

black. Length 10 mm clavicomis

Antennae with apical segment black; abdomen with basal
plates and first six abdominal segments yellow; basal
half of tibiae white, shading to fuscous at apex;
wings varying from infuscated to yellowish hyaline;
stigma and an angular spot beneath it infuscated; remain-
der of body black. Length 10 mm virescens

11

l62 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

8. Abdomen black; body in female, except pronotum, meso-

notum, scutellum usually, and mesopleurse frequently,
glossy black; the wings strongly infuscated, especially
towards the base; male differs usually in having the pro-
thorax yellow and the legs beyond the knees white.

Length 8-10 mm scapularis

Abdomen wholly or in part pale 9

9. Alesonotum wholly or in part black 10

Mesonotum wholly pale 12

10. Mesonotum wholly black; body black, with scutellum usu-

ally, mesopleurae, sometimes extending onto pronotum,
and abdomen except at extreme apex, red or yellow-red;
wings strongly infuscated, lighter toward apex. Length

12 mm humeralis

Mesonotum rufous, with black markings 11

11. Mesonotum rufous, with a black spot on each lobe; body

black, with mesonotum (except a black spot on each lobe),
scutellum, mesopleurae, and abdomen, red; wings infus-
cated. Length 10 mm miniata

Mesonotum rufous, with a black spot on each lateral lobe;
body black, with mesonotum (except a black spot on
each lateral lobe), metanotum, scutellum, mesopleurse, pro-
notum in part, hind coxae at middle, and abdomen, red;
wings infuscated, clearer toward the tip. Length 12 mm.

sphinx

12. Ocellar basin with low, broadly rounded walls, not broken

above median fovea; body yellow or luteous, with head
and its appendages, prothorax in great part, tegulse, legs,
pectus, and saw-guides, black; wings smoky. Length 10

mm pectoralis

Ocellar basin with comparatively high, sharp walls, distinctly
broken above median fovea; body yellow, with head and
its appendages, prothorax in great part, tegulas, legs, pec-
tus, and saw-guides, black; wings smoky. Length 8 mm.
(female) dulciaria

13. Mesonotum wholly rufous; body rufous, with eyes, labrum,

antennae, tegulae, spot at base of front wings, and legs, black;
first pair of legs sometimes rufous; wings strongly infus-
cated. Length 10-12 mm rubiginosa

Mesonotum more or less marked with black 14

14. Mesonotum black; body red, with antennae, legs, and a spot

on mesonotum, black; wings infuscated, clearer at apex.

coccinea
Mesonotum rufous with a black spot covering the three lobes
of mesonotum and scutellum in part; body rufous, with
apices of mandibles, eyes, antennae, palpi, a spot on meso-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 163

notum, tegulae, and legs, black; wings infuscated. Length

14 mm rubra

°H. coerulea Norton. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv, Fig. 7.
Larva feeds on white birch.

H. dulciaria Say. Connecticut (E. N.).
H. macleayi Leach. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii, Fig-. 21.
Larva feeds on Chinese honeysuckle, wild cherry, white and black
birch, mountain ash, willow, strawberry, and Amelanchier. Con-
necticut (E. N.) ; New Haven, 2^ May, 1906, 4 August, 1905;
Colebrook, 20 July, 1905 (W. E. B.).

H, abdominalis Leach. Larva feeds on willow. Orange,
21 June, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Westville, 2 June, 1908 (B. H. W.) ;
New Haven, 30 May, 191 1 (A. B. C), 31 July, 18 August, 1910
(B. H. W.).

H. clavicornis (Fabricius). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv,
Fig. 12. Larva feeds on willow. Connecticut (E. N.).

°H. virescens Klug. Larva feeds on Betula, Salix, and Pyrns.

H. scapularis Klug. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xii, Fig. 20.

Larva feeds on white birch and elm. New Haven (B. H. W.) ;

Mt. Carmel, 24 June, 1904 (W. E. B.) ; Yalesville, 26 May, 1908

(B. H. W.).

H. humeralis Beauvois. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii,
Fig. 9. Larva feeds on poison ivy. Connecticut (E. N.) ;
Branford, 26 July, 1905 (H. W. W.) ; Southington, 12 July,
1910 (W. E. B.).'

°H. miniata Klug. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv, Fig. 17.
°H. sphinx Kirby.

°H. pectoralis Leach. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii, Fig.
14. Larva feeds on birch.

H. rubiginosa Beauvois. New Haven, 30 July, 1905, 8
August, 1907 (B. H. W.) ; Lyme, 3 July, 1910 (A. B. C).
°H. coccinea Fabricius.
H. rubra Klug. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii. Fig. 19.
Stonington, 26 August, 1906 (J. A. Hyslop).

164 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

SCHIZOCERIN^.

Schizocerus LePeletier.
Key to Species.

1. Abdomen wholly or for the most part yellow or rufous 2

Abdomen wholly black or with a lateral yellow or rufous band 3

2. Prothorax black; body black, with supraclypeal area, clypeus,

labrum, middle and hind coxae and trochanters, front
tibiae and basal segments of tarsi, metanotum and basal
plates sometimes, and abdomen, except apices of saw-
guides sometimes, yellow; wings infuscated. Length 8

mm privatus

Prothorax wholly or in great part rufous; body in female
rufous, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles, antennae, square
area about ocelli, lower orbits, two spots on pectus, legs
except front tibiae and their tarsi in front, basal plates,
and saw-guides, black; wings infuscated. Male has body
black, with prothorax in great part, tegulae, knees of all
legs, front and middle tibiae, and abdomen except at apex,
yellow or rufous; wings smoky, clearer at apex. Length
7-8 mm plumiger

3. Collar more or less pale 4

Collar entirely black; body wholly black, with legs below

knees, pale, usually more or less infuscated; antennae
elongate, and more or less infuscated; wings smoky.
Length 7 mm ebenus

4. Tegulae and collar narrowly margined with white; body black,

with collar, tegulae, legs below knees, and a broad margin
on apex of each abdominal tergite, white, more or less
suffused with rufous; head and thorax metallic black, and
densely covered with fine, white setae; wings hyaline, veins

brownish. Length 7 mm sericeus

Tegulae and collar broadly yellow; body black, with pro-
thorax, tegulae, rrfesonotum more or less on each side,
front and middle legs below the knees, tip of posterior
femora, base of their tibiae more or less, and a band along
lateral margins of abdomen more or less, yellow; wings
hyaline, veins and stigma black or brown. Length 6-7
mm zabriskiei

S. privatus Norton. Stonington, 9 August, 1906 (J. A.
Hyslop).

°S. plumiger (Klug). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv. Figs, i
and 6.

°S. ebenus Norton. Larva feeds on sweet potato.

°S. sericeus Norton.

No. 22.1 HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. l6$

S. zabriskiei Ashmead. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xii, Fig.
12. Larva feeds on purslane. Westville, 20 June, 1905 (W.
E. B.) ; New Haven, 26 June, 1905, 3, 8 September, 1910, 6
August, 1911 (W. E. B., H. L. V., B. H. W.) ; Hamden, 24
July, 1910 (B. H. W.) ; Branford, 30 June, 191 1 (W. E. B.).

ACORDULECERIN^.

Acordulecera Say.
Key to Species,

1. Pronotum entirely white or luteous 2

Pronotum either wholly black or piceous, the collar a narrow,

pale margin 7

2. Mesothorax luteous with black markings 3

Mesothorax black 6

3. Front impressed about median ocellus, producing a more or

less distinct pentagonal area; median fovea triangular and
distinct; head black, antennae fuscous; clypeus, labrum,
mandibles, thorax except a spot on each lobe and apex
of scutellum, legs, and abdomen, luteous; wings hyaline,
costa, veins, and stigma luteous; saw-guides retracted.

Length 5 mm media

Front not impressed about median ocellus; median fovea
wanting 4

4. Antennae wholly black 5

Antennae with the two basal segments white; clypeus, labrum,

and mandibles, white, remainder of head black; remain-
der of body luteous, except a black spot on each lobe
of mesonotum and the scutellum; wings hyaline; third seg-
ment of antennae but little longer than fourth; saw-guides
retracted. Length 4-5 mm biclinia

5. Front with short, fine pubescence, so that head appears

glossy black; pubescence of antennae black, antennae black;
head black, with labrum, clypeus, and mandibles white;
thorax, except scutellum and a spot on each lobe of meso-
notum, legs and abdomen luteous; saw-guides exserted, and
broadly, roundly truncated at apex; third segment of an-
tennae about as long as the fourth and fifth together.

Length 4 mm minima

Front with long pubescence which conceals glossy black of
head and gives it a hoary appearance; antennae black, with
white hairs; head black, with labrum and mandibles
white; prothorax luteous; mesonotum and scutellum black;
pleurae and pectus piceous; legs and abdomen luteous;
wings hyaline; saw-guides retracted; third segment of an-

l66 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

tennse about as long as the fourth and fifth together.
Length 5 mm maxima

6. Antennae pale; wings hyaline; body black, with clypeus,

labrum, and mandibles, white; prothorax, legs, venter of
abdomen and four basal segments of tergum, luteous;
antennae densely hoary, pubescent; saw-guides retracted,
teeth of saws rounded; antennae with third segment but
little longer than fourth; front not impressed about me-
dian ocellus; median fovea wanting. Length 4 mm

dorsalis
Antennae black; wings more or less infuscated; body black,
with clypeus, labrum, mandibles, prothorax, legs, venter
of abdomen, and four basal tergal segments at middle and
sides, yellow or luteous; head hoary with pubescence;
saw-guides exserted, convex above and below, and broadly
rounded at apex. Length 5 mm maura

7. Antennae wholly white 8

Antennae wholly black or fuscous 9

8. Front with a median furrow; median fovea wanting; body

black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles, antennae, tegulas,
legs, basal half of venter, and a large triangular spot on
middle of dorsum of abdomen at base, white or luteous;
head covered with very fine, white pubescence, appearing
bare when viewed from before; notum and pleurae with
fine pubescence; saw-guides with two sides parallel and
obliquely truncated to a point at apex above. Length

5 mm mellina

Front without a median furrow; median fovea indicated by
a minute pit; body black, with antennae, clypeus, labrum,
mandibles, collar narrowly, tegulae, legs, and basal half
of abdomen, greenish white or luteous; head and antennae
covered with long, black pubescence; pubescence of notum
short, sparse, and white; saw-guides broadly convexly
rounded at apex. Length 4-5 mm mixta

9. Pronotum wholly black 10

Pronotum piceous, margined with luteous; body black, with

clypeus, labrum, mandibles, pronotum, and dorsum of ab-
domen, more or less piceous; tegulae, legs, and venter of
abdomen, luteous; head and thorax densely covered with
long pubescence; third segment of antennae about as long
as fourth and fifth together; saw-guides broadly rounded
at apex, with a distinct scopa. Length 5 mm mimda

10. Antennae with third segment considerably longer than fourth ll
Antennae with third, fourth, and fifth segments subequal;
body black, with clypeus, labrum, mandibles, tegulae, legs,
and disk of abdomen at base, luteous; head and thorax

^ covered with fine, white pubescence; cell R* about as

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 167

broad as long; transverse part of Ma received near its mid-
dle; wings infuscated; saw-guides broad, and broadly-
rounded at apex. Length 3 mm minuta

11. Front wings with transverse part of Ma given off near mid-

dle of cell R* 12

Front wings with transverse part of Ma given off nearer to
vein Rs than to the middle of cell Ri; body black, with
clypeus, labrum, and mandibles, white, infuscated with
piceous; legs, except tips of tarsi, and bases of wings,
greenish white or luteous; head and thorax covered with
fine, white pubescence; cell R« distinctly longer than
broad; wings usually more or less infuscated; saw-guides
broadly rounded at apex. Length 4 mm saginata

12. Wings infuscated on basal half; front wings with cell R*

about as broad as long; head dilated behind the eyes; body
black, with clypeus and labrum more or less white; legs
except more or less of the tarsi, and basal half of tergum
of abdomen more or less, white; head and thorax covered
with fine, white pubescence; saw-guides very broad and

squarely truncated at apex. Length 4 mm maculata

Wings wholly hyaline; front wings with cell R* much longer
than broad; body black, with labrum, mandibles, legs, and
bases of wings, white; head and thorax covered with short,
white pubescence; head not dilated behind the eyes.
Length 4 mm marina

°A. media MacGillivray.

°A. biclinia Konow.

°A. minima MacGillivray.

°A. maxima MacGillivray. Larva feeds on Quercus alba.

A. dorsalis Say. Larva feeds on black oak. Connecticut
(E. N.).

A. maura MacGillivray. New^ Haven, 6 July, 1904 (H.
L.V.).

°A. mellina MacGillivray.
°A. mixta MacGillivray.
°A. munda MacGillivray.
°A. minuta MacGillivray.

A. saginata Provancher. Yalesville, 17 June, 1907 (B. H.
W.) ; Hamden, 14 June, 191 1 (W. E. B,).

°A. maculata MacGillivray.

°A. marina MacGillivray.

l68 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

XIPHYDRIID^.*
Key to Genera.

Radial and radio-medial cross-veins present . . . . Xiphydria p. i68
Radial cross-vein present, radio-medial wanting ..Konowia p. 169

Xiphydria Latreille.

Key to Species.

1. Abdomen in great part black 2

Abdomen in great part red or yellow 4

2. Antennae black; posterior tarsal claws with a moderate-sized

tooth 3

Antennae white at apex; posterior tarsal claws with a minute
tooth; body black, with two small spots above antennae,
orbits extending in a line behind eyes, base of mandibles,
two lines on vertex, four lines on notum, a spot before
the wings, and seven spots on each side of the abdomen,
white; legs honey-yellow; wings hyaline. Length 10 mm.

maculata

3. Legs rufous or yellow; third antennal segment about twice

as long as second; body in female black, with a spot on
clypeus, sometimes wanting, line beneath eyes, sometimes
interrupted, two spots behind ocelli, posterior orbits,
collar, and spot on each side of each abdominal segment,
white; tegulae and legs, honey-yellow. Male has white
spots on first four abdominal segments. Length 13 mm.

canadensis
Legs black, with bases of tibiae and tarsi white; third anten-
nal segment subequal in length to second; abdomen with

white spots on four basal segments. Length 11 mm

tibialis

4. Head, thorax, and legs in great part, black; body in female

black, with two pale spots behind ocelli, and bases of
tibiae and tarsi, white; abdomen red. Male uniformly dark
brown, with a yellow spot on pleuras and inner orbits, or
sometimes entirely reddish yellow. Length 12 mm. attenuata
Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs, honey-yellow; tips of man-
dibles, spot on vertex, a line above bases of antennae, lines
on neck, sutures of pleurae, sides of basal plates, and dor-
sum of following abdominal segments except at middle,
brownish. Length 10 mm erythrogastra

* In the preparation of the tables dealing with this and the following families free use
has been made of the manuscript of a paper by Dr. J. Chester Bradley, "A revision of the
cell Re group." The portion of this paper dealing with the Siricidae has been published
since this manuscript was submitted, under the title, Siricidte of North America, in Journal
of Entomol. and ZooL, 1913, vol. 5, pp. 1-35.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 169

X. maculata Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xii. Fig. 25.
Larva bores in maple. Connecticut (E. N.) ; Wallingford, i, 25
June, 1910, (D. J. Caffrey).

°X. canadensis Provancher. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiv,
Fig. 34. Larva bores in white birch.

°X. tibialis Say.
X. attenuata Norton. Larva bores in birch. Connecticut
(W. H. P.).

°X. erj'throgastra Ashmead.

Konowia Brauns.

°K. basalis (Say). Xiphydria basalis Say.
Abdomen black, with the two basal segments honey-yellow,
more or less mixed with black; legs, except the posterior tibiae
and tarsi, honey-yellow ; wings hyaline. Length 8-9 mm.

°K. walshii (Westwood). Xiphydria walshii Westwood.
Abdomen piceous, with the middle segments margined at sides
with white; legs fulvous, with the tips of the tarsi fuscous;
antennae fuscous, with the bases luteous ; head black, with two
spots behind the ocelli and a line on the lower and posterior or-
bits, white; collar narrowly, the sides and under surface of the
prothorax, and two spots on the mesonotum between the wings,
white. Length 9 mm.

SIRICID^.
Key to Subfamilies.

Measured on vein M, free part of Ms is midway or much
nearer to the free part of R* than to the radial cross-vein;
antennae fihform, with at least seventeen segment.*?: anal
cerci present in male Siricin^ p. 169

Measured on vein M, free part of M2 is opposite the radial
cross-vein, or always much nearer to the radial cross-vein
than the free part of M4; antennae thickened at middle,
never with more than fourteen segments; anal cerci want-
ing in male Tremecin^ p. 172

SlRlCIN^.
Key to Genera.

I. Cornus at apex of abdomen of female constricted at base,
spear-shaped; front wings with free part of Cuj usually

I/O CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

wanting, sometimes represented by a small spur; head
with a white spot behind the eyes 2

Cornus at apex of abdomen of female either shouldered

• or not, but never constricted at base and spear-shaped;

front wings with free part of Cuj distinct; head without

a white spot behind the eyes; posterior tibiae with two

apical spurs Sirex p. 170

■2. Posterior tibiae with two apical spurs; ovipositor about as
long as the abdomen, and always much shorter than the
body Urocerus p. 171

Posterior tibiae with only a single apical spur; ovipositor al-
ways much longer than the abdomen, and sometimes
longer than the body Xeris p. 171

Sirex Linnseus

Key to Species.

1. Abdomen blue-black 2

Abdomen more or less red 3

2. Legs blue-black; abdomen short, cornus short and shouldered,

ovipositor projecting but little beyond its tip; body steel-
blue, with first pair of legs below knees dark ferruginous;

wings violaceous. Length 35 mm, (female) edwardsii

Legs rufous; cornus elongate, pointed, not shouldered at
base, diminishing gradually in size; body black, with legs
beyond trochanters, and base of ovipositor, yellow or
rufous; wings hyaline or nearly so, sometimes with a spot
below the stigma and apex of the wings infuscated.
Length 16-30 mm. (female) cyaneus

3. Wings violaceous; body blue-black, with legs beyond knees,

sometimes the whole of the legs, abdomen beyond first or
second segment, cornus, and ovipositor, red; cornus some-
what convex at sides but not distinctly shouldered.

Length 28 mm. (female) nigricomus

Wings hyaline or yellowish, apical margins sometimes some-
what infuscated 4

4. Legs entirely blue-black 5

Legs with posterior femora rufous; body bluish, with poste-
rior legs more or less, and abdomen beyond second or
third segment, rufous; wings hyaline or nearly so. Length
15-30 mm. (male) cyaneus

5. Abdomen entirely rufous beyond basal plates or first seg-

ment; antennae and posterior tarsi sometimes marked with

rufous. Length 20 mm nigricomus

Abdomen blue-black, with only the fifth or sixth segment
rufous (male) edwardsii

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I7I

°S. edwardsii (Brulle). Urocerus edwardsii Brulle. Howard,
Insect Book, PI. xiii, Fig. 3.

S. cyaneus (Fabricius). Urocerus cyaneus Yzhvicms. How-
ard, Insect Book, PI. xiii, Fig. 12. Larva bores in spruce and fir.
Connecticut (E. N..)

°S. nigricornus (Fabricius). Urocerus nigricornus Fabricius.
Howard, Insect Book, PI. xii, Fig. 21.

Urocerus Geoffroy.

Key to Species.

1. Abdomen entirely black; body black, with antennse more or

less at middle, a large spot behind each eye, a spot on
each side of the seventh abdominal segment, and basal half
of tibiae and tarsi, white; wings strongly infuscated.

Length 27 mm albicornis

Abdomen wholly or in part yellow or rufous 2

2. Wings yellowish hyaline; body black, with antennae yellow,

or yellow at base and brownish toward tip, sometimes
black in male; tibiae and tarsi brown or yellow, poste-
rior tibiae and tarsi black in male; basal plates, and ab-
dominal segments one to seven more or less yellow.

Length 35 mm fiavicomis

Wings strongly infuscated or violaceous; body black, with
antennae more or less at apex, and basal half of posterior
tibiae and the metatarsi, white; abdomen usually with first
and third or fourth apical segments reddish yellow, or at
times with entire abdomen reddish yellow. Length 20 mm.

cressoni

U, albicornis Fabricius. Howard, Insect Book, PI. xii. Fig.
24. Larva bores in spruce, hemlock, and fir. Connecticut
(E. N.).

U. flavicornis Fabricius. Urocerus abdominalis Harris.
Howard, Insect Book, PI. xiii, Figs. 17 and 24. Connecticut,
(E. N.) ; Hamden, 15 June, 191 1 (A. B. C).

U. cressoni Norton.

Xeris Costa.
°X. caudata (Cresson). Urocerus caudatus Cresson. How-
ard, Insect Book, PI. xiii. Fig. 29 ; and PI. xiv, Fig. 36.

Body black, with a spot behind the eyes and the collar more
or less, white; the legs entirely obscure, luteous or brownish; the
ovipositor reddish brown ; wings subhyaline, more or less stained
with fuscous. Length 23 mm.

172 connecticut geol. and nat, hist. survey. [buu.

Tremecin^.

Tremex Jurine.

*T. columba Linnaeus. Howard, Insect Book, p. 70, Fig.
41 ; PI. xii, Figs. 27 and 2:^; PI. xiii, Fig. 31.

Body varying from almost entirely black with yellow trian-
gular marks on the abdomen, to almost yellow with a narrow api-
cal black margin ; antennas usually yellow ; legs usually pale,
femora black above in dark individuals ; wings varying from
strongly infuscated to yellowish hyaline. Length 18-40 mm.
Larva bores in maple, elm, apple, pear, beech, oak, and' sycamore.

Connecticut (E. N).; New Haven (Bolton); East Hartford
(W. E. B.).

CEPHID^.
Key to Genera.

1. Radial cross-vein always shorter than first abscissa of radial

sector, the two converging toward the radio-medial cross-
vein 2

Radial cross-vein subequal in length to or shorter than
first abscissa of radial sector, the two subparallel; base
of radial sector sometimes atrophied; posterior tibiae with
two preapical spurs Janus p. 172

2. Posterior tibiae with one preapical spur 3

Posterior tibiae with two preapical spurs 4

3. 'Flagellum with first two or three segments usually distinctly

contracted; posterior tarsal claws bifid . . . .Macrocephus p. 174
Flagellum never with first two or three segments distinctly
contracted, distinctly thicker in the middle than at base or
apex; posterior tarsal claws broadly expanded at apex

and slightly emarginate between the two portions

Adirus p. 173

4. Abdomen of male with two apical ventral segments with

fringes or brushes of bristles, sometimes placed in deep
'*" scars; saw-guides of female, as seen from above, widened

at apex Trachelus p. 174

Abdomen of male with ventral apical segments sometimes
with short hairs, never with fringes or brushes of bristles;
saw-guides of female, as seen from above, with their
sides parallel and not widened at apex Cephus p. I74

Janus Stephens.

Key to Species.

I. Front wings with base of radial sector always present 2

Front wings with base of radial sector always atrophied;

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 173

body black, with labrum, a line at base of wings and
another on scutellum, and a triangular spot on metathorax,
white; legs (except a white line on underside of tibiae, and
posterior tibise and tarsi which are black) and first and
second abdominal segments, rufous; wings entirely hyaline.

Length 9 mm abbreviatus

2. Front wings hyaline, with a fuscous spot below the stigma;
body black, with tegulse, collar, metathorax in part, and
basal third of tibiae, white; three basal segments of abdo-
men, and legs, except parts - named and posterior tibiae
and tarsi in female which are black, rufous. Length

8 mm integer

Front wings hyaline, with a fuscous spot in cells Rs and
Mi; body in female black, with a spot on mandibles, palpi,
collar, stripe on pleurae, spot on coxae, and trochanters,
straw-white; four basal segments of abdomen, and legs
below trochanters, yellow-red. Male with antennae fer-
ruginous, and base of abdomen more or less black.
Length 9 mm bimaculatus

°J. abbreviatus (Say). Cephiis abbreviatus Say. Phyllcecus
integer Riley. Howard, Insect Book, p. 71, Fig. 43; PI, xii, Fig.
22. Larvae bore in the stems of willow and poplar.

*J. bimaculatus (Norton). Cephus bimaculatus Norton.
Farmington (E. N.).

J. integer (Norton). Cephus integer Norton. Cephus Havi-
ventris Fitch. Currant Stem Girdler. Larva tunnels in the pith
of currant. Windham, New Haven (W. E. B.) ; New Haven,
21 May, 1913 (B. H. W.).

Adirus Konow.

A. trimaculatus (Say). Cephus trimaculatus Say. Howard,
Insect Book, pi. xiii, Fig. i.

Body shining black, with two spots on the inner orbits, the
base of the mandibles, spots on the clypeus, all sometimes wanting,
and a spot on each side of the fourth abdominal tergite, yellow ;
the whole of the anterior tibiae and the basal half of the middle
tibiae white ; wings varying from hyaline to infuscated. Length
15-18 mm. Larva bores in the stems of blackberry.
Connecticut (E. N.).

174 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [BulL

Macrocephus Schlechtendal.

°M. bicinctus (Provancher). Cephus hicinctus Provancher.
Body black, with the cheeks, a small spot on each side of the
vertex, a spot on the sides of the metathorax, and the apex of the
third and fifth abdominal tergites, white ; tibiae and tarsi brown-
ish; wings hyaline. Length 12 mm.

Trachelus Jurine.

°T. tabidus (Fabricius). Sirex tabidus Fabricius.
Body black, with the mandibles except at apex, front margin
of the clypeus, the front legs beyond the middle of the femora in
great part, a band on each side of the abdomen, and a spot at the
apex of the fifth and sixth sternites, yellow ; wings somewhat in-
fuscated. Length 9 mm.

Cephus Latreille.

°C. graenicheri Ashmead.

Abdominal tergites five and six with their apical three-fourths
broadly yellow ; body black, with the mandibles except at apex, the
clypeus, cheeks, palpi, two spots beneath the wings, the legs ex-
cept the trochanters and tips of the tarsi, a large spot on each
side of the second abdominal tergite, practically the whole of the
third tergite, a spot on each side and on the dorsum of the fourth,
three-fourths of the apex of the fifth and sixth and the apex of
the last segment, yellow; wings yellowish hyaline; saw-guides
truncate at apex. Length 11 mm.

°C. pygmaeus Linnaeus. Howard, Insect Book, p. 70, Fig. 42.
Fifth abdominal tergite with its apical half and the apical mar-
gin of the sixth, yellow ; body in female black, with the mandibles
at base, the palpi, the legs beyond the knees, always more or less
infuscated, the apical half of the third and fourth abdominal ter-
gites, a spot at middle of the apex of the sixth, and the apical
margin of the last segment, yellow ; wings hyaline ; saw-guides
broadly rounded at apex. Male differs in having the clypeus, the
cheeks, the coxae, the trochanters and femora beneath, and a spot
on the side of the second and fourth abdominal segments, yellow ;
length 9 mm. Larvae infest the stems of wheat.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 175

ORYSSID.E.

Oryssus Latreille.
Key to Species.

1. Abdomen entirely black; edge of ridge concealing bases of

antennae not strongly reflexed; antennae distant at base;
legs marked more or less with white or reddish; wings
hyaline, with a smoky transverse band beyond the mid-
dle. Length 8-12 mm sayi

Abdomen not entirely black 2

2. Abdomen with three apical segments red ....sayi var. terminalis
Abdomen with six apical segments red ....sayi var. occidentalis

O. sayi Westwood. Larva bores in maple. Stonington, 26
June, 1906 (W. E. B.).

O. sayi var. terminalis Newman. Howard, Insect Book,
PI. xii, Fig. 26. Larva bores in maple. Hamden, 15 June, 191 1
(W. E. B.) ; Stonington, 5, 17 June, 1914 (L W. Davis).

°0. sayi var. occidentalis Cresson. Larva bores in sugar
maple.

1/6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

ICHNEUMONOIDEA.

From the standpoint of economic parasitology this is one of
the most important groups of insects. It is represented in Con-
necticut by many species. Many of these will, no doubt, prove
exceedingly useful in the hands of man when he has learned to
breed and manage them for the purpose of controlling injurious
insects.

The greatest care must be exercised in classifying the insects
of this group, because the multiplicity of species and their close
relationship make their recognition a difficult subject indeed.
This group is so homogeneous that in order to classify its com-
ponents a knowledge of the general appearance and character of
the insects as a whole, or habitus, is quite essential. Habitus al-
though sufficiently tangible to the experienced eye can not be sat-
isfactorily described, so the beginner must have access to an
authoritatively determined collection, or, such not being avail-
able, recourse must be taken to a study of the figures of von
Vollenhoven in his two works, the Schetzen and Pinacographia.

Inasmuch as the Icheumonoid fauna of this state is imper-
fectly known, the keys in the following pages cannot be regarded
as final, although in many cases they will lead the student to a
satisfactory conclusion.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

177

I

00

^

^

I

12

178

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

NOMENCLATURE OF WING PARTS IN THE DRAWING OF
AMBLYTELES CENTRATOR.

OLD SYSTEM

Veins

Costa + subcostal

(In the Ichneumonoidea considered

in this work these veins are usually

seemingly but not actually coales-

cent.)

First transverse cubital .

Second

Cubital ....

First recurrent

Second "

Basal ....

Subdiscoidal ...

Abbreviated cubital, or stump

Externomedial

J 1st abscissa .

I 2d and 3d abscissa

Transverse median of fore wings, or

nervulus ....

,, . , .. (1st abscissa

Margmal or radius J^. ,0, , •

1 2d and 3d abscissa

Transverse median of hind wings,

or nervellus ....

Discoidal

COMSTOCK-NEEDHAM SYSTEM

Veins
Costa (C) +SC + R+M

r-m and Rg
R4

Ml + 2 and R* + 5 + Mi

M3 + 4

Transverse part of M2 or first

abscissa of Ma

M and m-cu

m and M2

M

Cu

M*

M.

M4 + Cui
radial cross-vein
R3

Ma

Cells

Areolet
Cubitodiscoidal

Cells

R4 + 5

1st Ri + R + M4

Key to Families*

Mesothorax with its sternum and pleurae, or at least the
latter, not divided into an anterior and posterior portion
by the presence of a carina or suture; in short, without
a prepectus •. 2

Mesothorax with its sternum and its pleurae, or at least the
latter, more or less divided into an anterior and posterior
portion by the presence of a carina or suture; in other
words, with a prepectus as indicated by Snodgrass 6

Second and third dorsal segments fused as is evidenced by
the apparent second segment having two pairs of spiracles 3

'This table includes all the known families of Iclincumonoidca.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 179

Second and third dorsal segments not fused, second divi-
sion of dorsum of abdomen with only one pair of spiracles;
all known forms winged; propodeum hardly extending
beyond base of coxae, upper edge of hind coxal sockets
or coxal line close to lower edge of abdominal socket or
abdominal line 4

3. Cutting edge of mandibles turned inward, their tips meet-

ing or overlapping when mandibles are flexed toward

mouth VIPIONID^ p. i8l

Cutting edge of mandibles turned outward, their tips
neither meeting nor overlapping when mandibles are flexed
toward mouth ALYSIID^ p. 2ii

4. Frontal line shorter than clypeo-antennal line, or antennae

inserted above middle of face; wings without a distinct
costal cell, i. e., with but three cells running to base of wing 5
Frontal line longer than clypeo-antennal line, or antennae
inserted below middle of face; wings with a distinct costal

cell, i. e., with four cells running to base of wings

STEPHANID^ p. 215

5. Spiracles of first and second dorsal segments in or beyond

middle; front wings with only one recurrent vein, first

abcissa of cubitus present PAXYLOMMID^

Spiracles of first and second dorsal segments before middle;
front wings with two recurrent veins, first represented
by cubitodiscoidal vein, first abcissa of cubitus wanting

BANCHID^ p. 216

6. Abdomen with only one or two dorsal segments, or, where

with more than two, then with second and third segments
fused, so that second division of abdomen has two pairs
of spiracles; propodeum hardly extending beyond base

of hind coxae 7

Abdomen always with more than two dorsal segments and
with only one pair of spiracles to the second division, sec-
ond and third dorsal segments not fused ii

7. Abdomen inserted low down on propodeum , distinctly below

middle of latter; upper edge of hind coxal sockets or coxal
line close to lower edge of abdominal socket or abdominal

line 8

Abdomen inserted high up on propodeum, in middle or above
middle of latter; upper edge of hind coxal sockets or coxal
line remote from lower edge of abdominal socket or ab-
dominal line CAPITONIID^ p. 768

8. Cutting edge of mandibles turned inward, their tips meeting

or overlapping when mandibles are flexed toward mouth 9

l8o CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Cutting edge of mandibles turned outward, their tips usually
neither meeting nor overlapping when mandibles are

flexed toward mouth IS

9. First abdominal segment not cylindrical, but broadened or

bulbous toward apex; with or without wings 10

First abdominal segment cylindrical or nearly cylindrical, not
broadened or becoming bulbous at apex; first abscissa of
cubitus of fore wings wanting; wings always present ....

AGRIOTYPID^

10. First abscissa of cubitus of fore wings usually present, fore

wings with only one recurrent vein; edges of fused sec-
ond and third dorsal abdominal segments not meeting be-
neath BRACONID^ p. 216

First abscissa of cubitus of fore wing wanting, fore wings
with two recurrent veins; edges of fused second and third
dorsal abdominal segments meeting or overlapping be-
neath BRACONID^ p. 216

11. Abdomen inserted low down on propodeum, distinctly below

middle of latter, upper edge of hind coxal sockets or coxal
line close to lower edge of abdominal sockets or abdom-
inal line 12

Abdomen inserted high up on propodeum in middle or above
middle of latter, upper edge of hind coxal sockets or
coxal line remote from lower edge of abdominal socket or
abdominal line EVANIID.E p. 239

12. First abdominal segment cylindrical or nearly cylindrical,

not broadened or bulbous at apex; first abscissa of cubitus

in fore wings present 13

First abdominal segment broadened or bulbous at apex, not
cylindrical; first abscissa of cubitus in fore wings usually
absent 14

13. First abdominal segment with distinct spiracles a little be-

yond middle; prepectal carina confined to sternum

EUPACHYLOMMID^
First abdominal segment without spiracles; prepectal carina
confined to pleura ROPRONIID^

14. Costal cell distinct TRIGON ALID^ p. 242

Costal cell obliterated by approximation of costal and sub-
costal veins ICHNEUMONID^ p. 243

15. Abdomen with only two dorsal segments visible

VANHORNIIDJE
Abdomen with at least five dorsal segments and five pairs of
lateral spiracles visible, the second and third segments fused

LYSIOGNATHID^

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. l8l

VIPIONID^.

Key to Genera.

1. Clypeus not emarginate so as to form a semicircular open-

ing with mandibles 2

Clypeus emarginate so as to form a semicircular opening
with mandibles; occiput without a ridge or raised line
between it and vertex, at most with a faint raised line
at sides 7

2. Second submarginal cell large, quadrangular, or wanting; ab-

domen sessile or subsessile; fore wings with three sub-
marginal cells, anterior margin of marginal cell longer

than stigma 3

Second submarginal cell small, often imperfect; mesothor-
acic sutures invisible; marginal cell reaching or nearly
reaching apex of wings; antennae less than 20-jointed; me-
dian cell shorter than submedian 4

3. Marginal and second and third submarginal cells indistinctly

defined, marginal cell reaching to apex of wing; marginal
vein indistinct beyond apex of second submarginal cell,
which is much longer than broad, the recurrent vein re-
ceived by first submarginal cell Cardiochiles p. 183

Marginal and second and third submarginal cells distinctly
defined; hind femora simple; head transverse, vertex not
or scarcely excavate, middle ocellus not surrounded by a
fovea; abdomen ovate, not longer than thorax; occiput not
margined; anal cell of fore wings without a transverse
vein; marginal cell completely closed; second branch of
marginal vein much longer than first, whereby second
submarginal cell is wider, often very wide; marginal vein
not springing from extreme base of stigma; second and
third abdominal sutures inconspicuous Opius p. 182

4. Antennae i8-jointed 5

Antennae 14-jointed Mirax p. 184

5. Fore wings with three submarginal cells, the second com-

plete 6

Fore wings with two submarginal cells; second submarginal
cell fused with third, marginal vein obsolete or subobso-
lete Apanteles p. 184

6. Spurs of hind tibiae half or more than half the length of hind

metatarsi Microgaster p. 201

Spurs of hind tibiae less than half the length of hind meta-
tarsi MicToplitis p. 202

7. Abdomen without or with only one foveolate transverse im-

pression; clypeus without hair tufts at base; face not
rostriform 8

l82 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Abdomen with numerous broad, strongly foveolate transverse
impressions Iphiaulax p. 209

8. Head not cubical, as seen from above at least twice as wide

as long antero-posteriorly 9

Head cubical, as seen from above? hardly wider than long
antero-posteriorly 10

9. Second abscissa of radius at most hardly longer than first

transverse cubitus; propodeum always and abdomen usu-
ally sculptured throughout Habrobracon p. 209

Second abscissa of radius always distinctly longer than first
transverse cubitus; propodeum rarely sculptured through-
out, abdomen often smooth and polished. .Microbracon p. 204
ID Scape at most hardly twice as long as thick, and cup-shaped

in outline Coeloides p. 210

Scape distinctly more than twice as long as thick, subcyl-
indrical, supported by a much narrower pedicel, lower por-
tion cut out so as to engage prominent margins of antennal
foramina, apex with its margins emarginate posteriorly,
channeled anteriorly with margin between anterior and

posterior portions produced into a kind of process

Atanycolus p. 210

Opius Wesmael.

Key to Species.

1. Recurrent vein interstitial or received by second cubital cell;

second abdominal segment without a transverse impressed
line; radius not originating beyond middle of stigma; sub-
median and median cells equal or nearly equal in length;

second discoidal cell closed .2

Recurrent vein received by first cubital cell; second cubital
cell much longer than high, second abscissa of radius much
longer than first transverse cubitus, radius orginating be-
fore middle of stigma but not at its base; notauli indicated
only at anterior margin of dorsulum; nervellus without
a branch exareolatus

2. Face beneath antennae mostly black; scape, pedicel, clypeus,

mandibles, tegulae, coxse, trochanters, tibiae, and greater
part of apical half of abdomen, almost concolorous, brown-
ish stramineous; tarsi also brownish stramineous, but more
or less with dusky stains; notauli extending to beyond
middle of mesonotum; palpi more or less dusky; veins and
stigma brownish; mandibles not emarginate beneath; sec-
ond abscissa of radius much shorter than third. Length

4 mm. (female) novasangliae

Face beneath antennae brownish stramineous; scape be-
neath and part of cheeks concolorous with face beneath

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 183

antennas; legs, excepting tarsi and hind tibiae, mostly-
blackish stramineous; tarsi dusky; hind tibiae and their
tarsi mostly blackish, the former pale at base; notauli not
extending to middle of mesonotum; abdomen mostly black-
ish; second dorsal abdominal segment almost concolorous
with hind femora; stigma and veins blackish; mandibles
emarginate beneath; second abscissa of radius not much
shorter than third. Length 2.5 mm. (female) pequodorum

*0. (Allotypus) exareolatus Viereck (new species).

Female : length 2 mm. ; black ; scape and pedicel yellowish
in front, flagel dark brown or black; tegulse pale castaneous,
wings transparent tinted with brown, stigma and veins brown;
legs mostly stramineous except hind tibiae and tarsi which are
dusky ; the former with a stramineous annulus at base ; abdomen
with first, second, fifth and following dorsal segments more or
less dark brown, the third and fourth segments mostly blackish ;
first dorsal abdominal segment longitudinally striate ; propodeum
rugose. Apparently related to O. apicalis Gahan.

Type locality: Branford, 20 July, 1905 (H. W. W.).

*0. (Hypolabis) pequodorum Viereck (new species).
Remarkable in having the mesonotum divided by a median
longitudinal sulcus. Apparently related to O. americanus Gahan.
Type locality: West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*0. (Desmiostoma) novaeangliae Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Connecticut. Type in collection of American
Entomological Society, Philadelphia.

Cardiochiles Nees.

Toxoneuron Say.
°C. populator Say.

Length 10 mm. ; black ; abdomen red ; wings dark fuliginous ;
exserted portion of ovipositor longer than the abdomen.

°C. tibiator Say.

Length 5 mm. ; black ; wings hyaline with a fuscous tip ; fore
tibise and tarsi yellowish white; mid tarsi whitish, hind tibiae
white at base. Parasitic on a leaf-roller infesting the black
locust.

C. viator Say.

Reddish ; length 6-7 mm. ; head partly black, appendages of
head black; lower half of thorax, propodeum, coxae, trochan-

l84 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

ters, base of mid and fore femora, tarsi, and sheaths of oviposi-
tor, black; wings fuliginous; costa and stigma stramineous to
testaceous. Lyme, 27 August, 1909 (A. B. C).

Mirax Haliday.

°M. aspidiscae Ashmead.

Male and female: length 1.3-1.5 mm; black; second flagellar
joint about as long as the first; scutel polished; wings with a
brownish yellow stigma, first submarginal and first discoidal cells
confluent; legs yellowish, sometimes tinged with fuscous, the
articulations pale; first, second and third abdominal segments

pale.

This is said to be seemingly common as a parasite on the small
case-bearing Tineid Aspidisca splendoriferella, which occurs on
apple and is common on quince in this state.

Apanteles Foerster.

Key to Species.

I. Thorax not depressed, greatest vertical axis apparently as

long as or longer than greatest transverse axis; flagel,

at least in female, with most of the joints of apical half

longer than thick; facial line as long as or shorter than

transfacial line 2

Thorax depressed, greatest vertical axis apparently shorter
than greatest transverse axis ; flagel, at least in female,
rather moniliform, most of the joints of apical half as
short as or shorter than thick; head not rostriform,
facial line apparently as long as or shorter than trans-
facial line; length 1.7s mm.; black; antennae dark brown,
labrum and mandibles mostly brownish, palpi pale; tegulae
brownish; scutel almost impunctate; wings transparent,
tinged with brown ; costa, stigma, radius, transverse cubitus
and second and third abscissa of cubitus brownish; remain-
ing veins mostly colorless, or at most paler than stigma;
coxas black, trochanters more or less dark, rest of legs
mostly stramineous, with hind femora and tibise rather red-
dish with fuscous tips; mesopleurse not separated from
mesosternum by a carinate fold; propodeum rugulose,
distinctly carinate down the middle; first dorsal abdom-
inal plate distinctly wider at apex than at base, or than sec-
ond dorsal abdominal plate is long down the middle, lat-
ter plate not sculptured throughout, mostly shining and
with indefinite sculpture ; third dorsal abdominal segment

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 185

not sculptured at base or elsewhere except for a few scat-
tered punctures; ovipositor hardly exserted

(Stenopleura) podxinkorum

2. Second dorsal abdominal plate subquadrate, trapezoidal, or

subtriangular; propodeum usually with a median longitud-
inal carina, never with a more or less distinct areole

(Protapanteles) 3
Second dorsal abdominal plate transversely linear or spindle-
shaped, two and one-half to three or more times as wide
at apex as long down the middle; if less than four times
as wide as long, then with an areola on propodeum, or at
least without a median longitudinal carina from base to
apex 49

3. First dorsal abdominal plate wider at apex than at base, sec-

ond dorsal abdominal plate usually almost entirely or en-
tirely rugose; first dorsal abdominal plate distinctly as
wide as or wider at apex than second dorsal plate is long
down the middle; furrow between dorsulum and scutel

loveate 4

First dorsal plate as wide at apex as at base or narrower
at apex than at base; in euchcetis first dorsal abdominal
plate apparently wider at apex than at base on account
of radically converging apical fourth of sides 42

4. First dorsal abdomina.l plate distinctly wider at apex than

second is long down the middle 5

First dorsal abdominal plate as narrow as or narrower at
apex than second plate is long down the middle; second
dorsal abdominal segment distinctly shorter than third,
its plate sculptured throughout and nearly transversely
oblong; apical half of abdomen compressed; in other par-
ticulars agreeing with the description of acronycts as
given below in this table pholisorae

5. Pleura not separated from mesosternum by a carinate fold.. 6
Pleura separated from mesosternum by a carinate fold;

otherivise as in acronyctae, or limenitidis var., as described
below in this table, except femora which are pale ....orgyiae

6. Third dorsal abdominal segment sculptured at base in the

middle 7

Third dorsal abdominal segment perfectly or virtually per-
fectly sculptureless at base in the middle 28

7. Scutel mostly punctate, or rugulose, or both 8

Scutel mostly impunctate, interstices smooth and polished,

wings not whitish 14

8. Wings whitish 9

Wings not whitish lO

l86 CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

9. Radius, transverse cubitus and third abscissa of cubitus pale
stramineous, tegulae and hind femora mostly brownish . , .

nemoriae
Radius, transverse cubitus and third abscissa of cubitus
brownish, tegulse blackish, hind femora mostly reddish
stramineous (male) winkleyi

10. Tegulae brownish or blackish 11

Tegulae stramineous junoniae

11. Hind femora mostly pale 12

Hind femora mostly infuscated limenitidis

12. Third dorsal abdominal segment almost entirely sculptured,

only the hind lateral corners sculptureless 13

Third dorsal abdominal segment sculptured only at base;
tegulae blackish, hind femora mostly reddish stramineous

lunatus

13. Outer face of hind coxae shining, blackish, inner side brown-

ish, tegulae brownish, hind tibiae and tarsi stramineous to
testaceous; sculpture of third dorsal abdominal segment

extending to hind edge agricola

Outer face of hind coxse dull, hind coxae black throughout,
tegulae blackish, apical third of hind tibiae and most of
hind tarsi blackish; sculpture of third dorsal abdominal seg-
ment not extending to hind edge winkleyi

14. Punctures of scutel large and distinct 15

Punctures of scutel small and indistinct or apparently want-
ing, hind femora pale 22

15. Outer face of hind coxae shining 16

Outer face of hind coxae dull 20

16. Tegulae stramineous 17

Tegulae brownish or blackish 19

17. Sculpture of third dorsal abdominal segment not confined

to basal half 18

Sculpture of third dorsal abdominal segment confined to basal
half; legs, including coxae, and ventral segments of abdo-
men mostly stramineous to reddish obscuricomis

18. Third dorsal abdominal segment almost impunotate and

shining down the middle, and with large, shallow, rather

ill-defined punctures laterally murtfeldtae

Third dorsal abdominal segment impunctate, but with middle
third rnore or less striate fiskei

19. Hind femora mostly stramineous; second dorsal abdominal

plate sharply defined laterally by deep arcuate grooves,

dorsal abdominal segments not pale apically argsmnidis

Hind femora mostly black or blackish; second and third dor-
sal abdominal segments with a. median longitudinal welt

flaviconchae

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 187

20. Tegulae stramineous 21

Tegulae brownish or blackish, hind femora mostly stramine-
ous; sculpture of third dorsal abdominal segment not con-
fined to middle third at base cyaniridis

21. Hind coxae mostly black or blackish; second dorsal abdom-

inal segment broadly blackish at base scitulus

Hind coxae mostly stramineous; second dorsal abdominal seg-
ment stramineous from base to apex, at least laterally

parorgyiae

22. Tegulae stramineous 23

Tegulae brownish or blackish, hind coxae mostly black; scape

black or blackish 24

23. Antennae yellowish throughout flavicomis

Antennae mostly black or blackish, at least above; hind coxae

mostly stramineous rileyanus

24. Second dorsal abdominal plate not depressed along apical

margin 25

Second dorsal abdominal plate depressed along apical mar-
gin hs^phantnae

25. Sculpture of third dorsal abdominal segment not confined to

basal half 26

Sculpture of third dorsal abdominal segment confined to basal
half, and not extending to the end of that half; hypopyg-
ium shorter than pygidium; mid and hind femora mostly
black limenitidis var.

26. Flagel dark brown, black or blackish 27

Flagel mostly pale, yellowish toward tip xylinus

27. Abdomen longer than thorax oxyacanthoidis

Abdomen shorter than thorax delicatus

28. Tegulae stramineous 29

Tegulae brownish or blackish or black 34

29. Hind coxae mostly black or blackish 30

Hind coxae mostly stramineous or reddish rufocoxalis

30. Second dorsal abdominal plate without a median longitudinal

welt 31

Second dorsal abdominal plate with a median longitudinal
welt 32

31. Third, fourth and fifth dorsal abdominal segments black; hind

coxae black at apex; scape pale augustus

Third, fourth and fifth dorsal abdominal segments more or
less stramineous; hind coxae stramineous or yellowish at
apex crambi

32. Second dorsal abdominal plate mostly or at least partly

polished 33

Second dorsal abdominal plate sculptured throughout; hind
coxae stramineous at apex; scape blackish hesperidivonis

l88 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BulL

33. Suture between second and third dorsal abdominal segments

distinctly foveate; second dorsal abdominal plate rather

rugulose laterally congregatus

Suture between second and third dorsal abdominal seg-
ments indistinctly or not foveate; second dorsal abdominal
plate with an indistinct welt hemileucae

34. Second dorsal abdominal plate sculptured throughout 35

Second dorsal abdominal plate not sculptured throughout.. 39

35. Hind femora pale 36

Hind femora black or blackish; second dorsal abdominal plate

shorter down middle than down sides carduicola

36. Suture between second and third dorsal abdominal segments

not sharply defined JH

Suture between second and third dorsal abdominal segments
sharply defined acronyctae

37. Male antennae not yellowish beneath, hypopygium not ex-

tending beyond pygidium in female 38

Male antennae yellowish beneath lanificus

38. First dorsal abdominal plate punctate laeviceps var.

First dorsal abdominal plate not punctate laeviceps

39. Hind femora not black or blackish 40

Hind femora mostly black or blackish; second dorsal abdom-
inal plate mostly sculptured theclae

40. Hind femora mostly stramineous; second dorsal abdominal

plate with its basal half not bounded laterally by deep,

foveolate, oblique furrows 41

Hind femora mostly reddish and fuscous as in Iceviceps

podunkorum

41. Hind femora unicolorous; flagel partly pale algonquinorum

Hind femora with blackish tips; flagel entirely dark brown

pyraustae

42. First dorsal abdominal plate as wide at apex as at base,

hardly wider at apex than second dorsal abdominal plate
is long down the middle, sides of latter parallel on apical

half 43

First dorsal abdominal plate distinctly narrower at apex than
at base; if apparently as wide at apex as at base, then
distinctly wider or narrower at apex than second dorsal
abdominal plate is long down the middle 45

43. Propodeum with a distinct median longitudinal carina; body

mostly black 44

Propodeum without a distinct median longitudinal carina;
body mostly stramineous robiniae

44. Second dorsal abdominal plate mostly rugulose glomeratus

Second dorsal abdominal plate almost entirely smooth and

polished atalantae

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 189

45. First dorsal abdominal plate distinctly less than twice as long

as wide at base; first and second dorsal abdominal plates
at least mostly smooth and polished; hind coxae black .... 46
First dorsal abdominal plate at least nearly twice as long
as wide at base 47

46. Hind femora black, wings whitish; propodeum without a

distinct median longitudinal carina; first dorsal abdom-
inal plate rounded at apex cassianus

Hind femora mostly stramineous in female, mostly blackish
in male euchaetis

47. First and second dorsal abdominal plates sculptured, venter

more or less stfamineous; propodeum black or blackish
and with a median longitudinal carina; tegulae stramine-
ous 48

First and second dorsal abdominal plates smooth and pol-
ished, the latter plate apparently twice or more than twice
as wide at apex as at base militaris

48. Hind legs including coxse almost entirely stramineous

radiatus
Hind legs mostly brownish and blackish and with their coxse
black omigis

49. Propodeum without a median longitudinal carina but usu-

ally with a more or less distinct areola 50

Propodeum with a median longitudinal carina and without an
areola; second dorsal abdominal plate transversely oblong
and distinctly shorter than third, the latter virtually en-
tirely smooth (Pseudapanteles) consimilis

so. Propodeum exareolate or at least without costulse 51

Propodeum areolated or at least with costulse 62

51. Hind femora brownish or blackish; first dorsal abdominal

plate at least one and one-half times as long as wide at

base 52

Hind femora stramineous or reddish, at least in part; first
dorsal abdominal plate nearly one and one-half times as
long as wide at base 59

52. Tegulae stramineous; first dorsal abdominal plate at most ap-

parently only twice as long as wide at base and apparently
narrower at apex than at base; scutel polished, virtually

impunctate, wings including stigma brownish S3

Tegulae black S4

53. Second dorsal abdominal plate granular, third dorsal abdom-

inal segment sculptured housatannuckorum

Second dorsal abdominal plate coarsely longitudinally stri-
ated, third coarsely sculptured at base omigis

54. First dorsal abdominal plate not or apparently not narrower

at apex than at base, and with or without a median fovea;
third dorsal abdominal segment indistinctly sculptured.. 55

190 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

First dorsal abdominal plate apparently narrower at apex than
at base 57

55. Second dorsal abdominal plate at least partly smooth and

shining; hind femora mostly black or blackish 56

Second dorsal abdominal plate sculptured throughout, not at
all smooth and shining gelechiae

56. Tibiae and tarsi mostly stramineous or reddish miantonomoi

Tibiae and tarsi mostly blackish melanopus

57. Second dorsal abdominal plate rugulose 58

Second dorsal abdominal plate smooth and shining, and three-
fourths as long down the middle as first dorsal abdominal
plate is wide at apex, the latter plate two-thirds as wide

at apex as at base; propodeum not punctate but finely
sculptured pequodorum

58. Second dorsal abdominal plate hardly less than one-half as

long down the middle as first dorsal abdominal plate is

wide at apex lithocoUetidis

Second dorsal abdominal plate nearly twice as long down
the middle as first dorsal abdominal plate is wide at apex

aristoteliae

59. Second dorsal abdominal plate more than two and one-half

times as wide at apex as long down the middle; first dor-
sal abdominal plate with a median fovea; tegulae stramin-
eous 60

Second dorsal abdominal plate at most two and one-half
times as wide at apex as long down the middle; first dor-
sal abdom'inal plate without a median fovea; third dorsal
abdominal segment sculptured tortricis

60. Second dorsal abdominal plate four or nearly four times as

wide at apex as long down the middle; propodeum rugose,

not at all polished 61

Second dorsal abdominal plate more nearly three times as
wide at apex as long down the middle; third dorsal abdom-
inal segment rugulose to beyond basal half; first dorsal ab-
dominal plate apparently wider at apex than at base; all
coxae black or blackish, hind femora reddish with apical
third more or less blackish plesius

61. Hind femora in female stramineous throughout; first dorsal

abdominal segment with its membranous portion testace-
ous, the plate of the same segment apparently as wide at

apex as at base edwardsi

Hind femora in female mostly reddish with blackish tips;
first dorsal abdominal segment with its membranous por-
tion blackish, the plate of the same segment apparently a
little wider at apex than at base maquinnai

62. Apical margin of second dorsal abdominal plate straight,

not arched, the same plate shorter down the middle than
first dorsal abdominal plate is wide at apex 63

No. 22. [ HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. IQI

Apical margin of second dorsal abdominal plate arched or
curved 65

63. Hind femora blackish 64

Hind femora stramineous; wings not whitish; propodeum ru-
gose, areola not circumscribed by carinae; third dorsal ab-
dominal segment partly yellowish; ovipositor prominently
exserted conanchetorum

64. Wings distinctly whitish; first dorsal abdominal plate hardly

one and one-half tiriies as long as wide at base and with

a median fovea tischeriae

Wings not distinctly whitish trachynotus

65. First dorsal abdominal plate with a median fovea 66

First dorsal abdominal plate without a median fovea 68

66. First dorsal abdominal plate at least twice as long as wide at

apex 67

First dorsal abdominal plate one and one-half times as long
as wide at apex; tegulae blackish; all coxae blackish; hypo-

pygium brownish lacteicolor

diT. Tegulae reddish or stramineous; all coxae black or black-
ish; venter black or blackish throughout forbesi

Teguljc blackish; all coxae stramineous; venter mostly yel-
lowish ; third dorsal abdominal segment yellowish laterally

ninigretorum

68. First dorsal abdominal plate striate 6g

First dorsal abdominal plate punctate; hind coxae and tegulae

mostly stramineous recurvariae

69. Hind coxae black, other coxae brownish; tegulae stramineous

carpatus
Hind coxae stramineous and concolorous with other coxae;
tegulje black nipmuckorum

*A. (Stenopleura) podunkorum Viereck.
Host: Pyraiista futilalis. Type locality: Berlin, cocoone
collected 2Q October, 1910; parasites emerged 4 February, 191 1
(D. J. Caffrey).

°A. (Protapanteles) pholisorag Riley.

Length 2.4-2.7 mm. Host: Pholisora catullus. Cocoons white
and solitary.

°A. (P.) orgyiae Ashmead.
Length 2.2 mm. Host: white-marked tussock moth (Hemer-
ocainpa lencostigma). Said to have been reared from a hibernat-
ing chrysalis.

*A. (iP.) nemcriae Ashmead.
Length 1.8-2 mm. Reared August, 1883, from larvae of Ne-
moria, probably N. gratata, v^'hich fed on Euphorbia corollata; 26

192 CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

July, 1892, from larvae of Eucrostis chloroleucaria. Cocoons
yellow and solitary. Type locality: Suffield.

°A. (P.) junonise Riley.

Length 2.6 mm. Host: Junonia ccenia. Cocoons whitish and
solitary.

°A. (P.) parorgyiae Ashmead.
A. (P.) limenitidis Riley.

Length 2-2.5 mm. Host: (Limenitis) Basilarchia archippus.
Cocoons whitish and solitary. New Haven, 31 October, 1903.

A. (P.) limenitidis Riley, var.

New Haven, 23, 30 October, 1903, reared from yellowish
cocoons in bunches on clover; Poquonock, 27 June, 1905
(H.L.V.).

A. (P.) lunatus (Packard) Weed.

Length 3 mm. Host: Papilio polyxenes. Cocoons solitary
and dull yellowish. Yalesville, 19 October, 1903 (H .L. V.).

*A. (P.) agricola Viereck (new species).

Female: length 2.5 mm. In addition to the characters given
in the table this spectes differs from lunatus in the hind coxae
being reddish brown on the inner side, in the brownish, translu-
cent tegulae, in the more prominent, reddish brown hypopygium,
and in the more or less reddish brown fore and mid coxae.

Type locality: West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

*A. (P.) winkleyi Viereck (new species).
Female: length 2 mm; closely related to agricola, but differs
in the hind coxae being black or blackish on the inner side, in the
hypopygium being more as in lunatus, and in nearly all of the
apical half of hind tibia; being deep fuscous to blackish. Para-
types from East River were reared by Dr. Charles R. Ely from
Eupithecia miserulata Grote, on iron-weed, 27, 29 August, 2
September, 1910. Male:, very nearly like the female, but
with the sculpture of the third dorsal segment rather vague.
Male allotype is in the U. S. National Museum. Cocoons occur
singly, and are whitish, covered with loose silk.

Type locahty: Branford, 28 July, 1905 (H. W. W.).

*A. (P.) obscuricomis Viereck (new species).
Female : length 2 mm ; sculpture of third dorsal segment con-
fined to the middle third; fourth and following dorsal segments

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I93

brownish down the middle and laterally, yellowish between ; scape
mostly pale, rather stramineous.

Type locality: New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
°A. (P.) murtfeldtae Ashmead.

Has been reared from a Geometrid on Rubus. Cocoons whit-
ish and solitary.

°A. (P.) fiskei Viereck.

Parasitic on Parorgyia. The parasites emerge from the ven-
tral surface of the larva, where they spin their white cocoons
all of which are collectively enveloped by white fluffy silk.
The aggregation of cocoons forms a kind of cushion on which
rests the dead larva.

A. (P.) flaviconchae Riley.

Length 2-2.5 "^^n. Host : army worm, {Leucania, Heliophila)
Cirphis unipuncta. The cocoons of this species are yellowish
collected in bunches. Branford, June, 1880.

°A. (P.) argynnidis Riley.

Length 2-2.2 mm. Host: Argynnis cybele. Cocoons white
and solitary.

°A. (P.) scitulus Riley.

Length 2.5 mm. Cocoons in bunches and enveloped in white
floss-like silk.

°A. (P.) cyaniridis Riley.

Length 2.8 mm. Host: {Lyccena) Cyaniris pseudargiolus.
Cocoons white and solitary.

°A. (P.) flavicornis Riley.

Length 2 mm. Host: (Nisoniades) Thanaos juvenalis. Co-
coons white and in bunches.

°A. (P.) rileyanus Viereck. A. emarginatus Riley.
Length 2.4-2.6 mm. Host: Papilio troilus.

°A. (P.) hyphantriae Riley.
Length 3 mm. Host : Hyphantria cunea.

*A. (P.) oxyacanthoidis Viereck.
Female : length 3 mm. ; closely related to delicatus, face
more shining and mouth dark. New Haven, 14 May, 1904, on
flowers of Rihes oxyacanthoides (H. L. V.).

13

194 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

A. (P.) delicatus Howard.

Length 2.8 mm. Host : white-marked tussock moth {Hemer-
ocampa leucostigma) .
°A. (P.) xylinus (Say).
Length 2,5 mm. Host: Smerinthus geminatus.

°A. (P.) rufocoxalis Riley.

Length 2.5 mm. Cocoons white, spun together in a ball cov-
ered with loose silk.

*A. (P.) augustus Viereck (new species).
Female : length 2.5 mm. ; closely related to cramhi; fore
and mid coxse blackish at base, hind coxse black, blackish at
apex, stigma blackish, wings with a dark tinge.

Type locality: New Britain, 31 August, 1908, No. 265 (W.
E. B.).

°A. (P.) crambi Weed.

Length 2 mm. ; black ; palpi white ; mandibles stramineous ;
venter, together with dorsum of third abdominal segment,
stramineous ; dorsum of segments posterior to the third^piceo-
stramineous ; legs red (except claws of fore and mid legs and
tips of femora and tarsi of hind legs, all of which are piceo-
stramineous, and hind coxse, which are black tipped with red) ;
wings hyaline; tegulse stramineous, veins whitish; antennae
blackish, scape pale beneath ; propodeum reticulated ; first and
second dorsal abdominal plates longitudinally rugulose; ovi-
positor concealed.

Hosts: Crambus seellus, C. exsiccatus. Cocoons whitish,
adjoining, honeycomb-like.

*A. (P.) hesperidivorus Viereck.
Female: length 1.75 mm,; differs from cramhi especially in
the uniformly dark brown to blackish antennae, in the almost
impunctate, polished scutel, and in the black or blackish dorsal
segments of the abdomen.

Type locality: East River, reared from a skipper larva on
oak, 5 August, 1910, by Dr. Charles R. Ely. Cocoons white, cov-
ered with loose silk and loosely grouped together.

A. (P.) congregatus (Say).

Length 2.5 mm. or longer ; black ; palpi white ; wings hyaline ;
stigma fuscous ; first and second dorsal abdominal plates densely

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I95

punctate or minutely lineated ; venter along the middle
pale yellow ; legs stramineous, hind tibiae at tip and hind tarsi
dusky. This is -an American parasite of the cosmopolitan Plusia
brassicce; it is also parasitic on the following and possibly on
other Lepidoptera: Ampelophaga myron (W, E. B.) ; army-worm
[(Leucania, Heliophila) Cirphis unipuncta], Philampelus pando-
rus, and the tobacco worms {Protoparce celeus and P. Carolina).
Cocoons white and attached to the larva as shown Plate vii, Fig.-i.

Generally distributed, and has been bred in August by W.
E. Britton and R. P. Tolman. Connecticut data are as fol-
lows: Westville, 9 August, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Norwalk, 3 August,
1887- (C. V. Riley) ; Southington, 24 August, 1906 (R. P. Tol-
man) ; Hartford, 7 April, 1903 (Mrs. W. Seliger).
°A. (P.) hemileucffi Riley.

Cocoons white and attached to the larva in the same way as
those of congregatus.

°A. (P.) carduicola (Packard).

Length 3 mm. ; black ; palpi pale stramineous ; coxas and
trochanters black; basal third to half of fore femora black, re-
mainder of same reddish and concolorous with the tibiae, tarsi
brownish to blackish ; mid and hind femora blackish, their tibiae
reddish with a slight dusky tinge, tarsi pale at base, becoming
black toward tip; propodeum without a median longitudinal
carina ; ovipositor hardly exserted.

Host: (Pyrameis) Vanessa cardui.

°A. (P.) acronyctae Riley.

Male : length 2.5 mm. ; black ; labrum and mandibles stramin-
eous ; palpi whitish, antennae blackish stramineous ; legs light
reddish, hind coxae black; wings hyaline; veins and stigma
stramineous ; propodeum granulated or finely reticulate, with an
indistinct median longitudinal carina; abdomen with first and
second dorsal abdominal plates confluently punctate, opaque, re-
mainder smooth and shining, lateral edges on first and second
dorsal abdominal segments and sides of the corresponding ventral
segments stramineous.

Parasite of (Acronycta) Apatela oblinita. Cocoons white and
spun together, the groups covered with fluffy silk.

196 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST, SURVEY. [Bull.

*A. (P.) lanificus Viereck (new species).
Cocoons as in acronycta;. Type locality: Branford, 29 June,

1905 (Ruth Winkley).

A. (P.) lasviceps Ashmead.

Parasitic on Loxostege sticticalis. New Haven, i August,

1906 (P. L. B.), 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.) ; Hartford, reared in
laboratory, 10 February, 1904.

°A. (P.) theclae Riley.

Male : length 2-2.6 mm. ; black ; palpi white ; labrum and
mandibles blackish ; antennae sometimes blackish ; propodeum
with a slight median longitudinal carina ; wings hyaline ; tegulae,
stigma and costa beyond stigma, radius and veins at base of the
incomplete areolet, blackish ; tibiae and tarsi stramineous ;
apical half of hind tibiae and hind tarsi blackish ; abdomen with
first and second dorsal abdominal plates with numerous punc-
tures; ovipositor not exserted.

Parasitic on an unknown species of Thecla. Cocoons white
and spun together, making a mat for the dead larva.

*A. (P.) algonquinorum Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Thompson, 15 July, 1905 (H. L. V.); bred
from cocoons on water-hemlock (Cicuta).

*A. (P.) pyraustae Viereck.
Type locality: East River, reared 7 August, 1909, from
Pyrausta futilalis by Dr. Charles R. Ely.

°A. (P.) robiniae (Fitch). The Locust Leaf-miner parasite.

Length 2 mm. ; female with tip of abdomen often dusky ;

wings pellucid whitish, veins colorless. Host: flattened locust

leaf-miner (AHacampsis robinella Fitch). Cocoons white and

promiscuously arranged.

°A. (P.) glomeratus (Linnaeus). A. pieridivora (Riley). A,
pieridis (Packard).

Length 2.6-3 "^"^- 5 black ; mandibles pale brownish or
stramineous ; antennae black, lower side of basal joint and base
of flagel often brownish ; palpi from pale stramineous to quite
yellow in color; dorsulum coarsely punctate, polished, and
sparsely pubescent; propodeum generally with a well defined,
slender, median longitudinal carina ; tegulae brownish to black ;
wings with costa, stigma and radial vein quite dark brown as a

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 197

rule, the remaining veins lighter; legs stramineous, hind coxae
black, sometimes brownish beneath, tip of hind tibiae either black
or chisky or concolorous, hind tarsi generally dusky; abdomen
with a more or less distinct median welt on the second dorsal seg-
ment; lateral margin of first and second and generally of the
third dorsal abdominal segments stramineous to reddish, ven-
trally this color takes up all of two or three segments ; ovipositor
slightly extended beyond tip of abdomen, often entirely hidden
from above. Cocoons lemon-yellow.

This European parasite of the cabbage-butterfly, (Pieris)
Pontia rapce, was, in 1883, purposely introduced into the
United States by the United States Government. During the
autumn of 1904 it held its host under complete control in the Dis-
trict of Columbia, killing every " worm " which came under the
observation of Mr. F. H. Chittenden. In Europe it is said to be
parastic on the gipsy moth (Porthetria dispar), (Pyrameis)
Vanessa atalanta, (P.) V. cardui, Vanessa urticce, Aporia
cratcegi, Bomhyx mori, and other Lepidoptera.

°A. (P.) atalantae (Packard). Scudder, Butterflies of New
England, Vol. iii, PI. 88, Fig. 13. Hosts {Pyrameis) Vanessa
atalanta, (Vanessa) Aglais milberti. Cocoons pure white in
color, arranged on end, side by side, in masses covered with loose
silk.

°A. (P.) cassianus Riley.

Host: iTerias) Xanthidia nicippe. Cocoons slaty in color
and solitary.

°A. (P.) euchaetis Ashmead.

Cocoons whitish and bunched together.

A. (P.) militaris Walsh.

Parasitic on the army-worm {Leucania, Heliophila) Cirphis
unipuncta. Cocoons whitish with a brownish tinge and bunched
together.

Orange, July, August, 1914 (W. E. B.).

A. (P.) radiatus Ashmead.

Has been reared from an unknown larva feeding on leaves of
Plantago major. New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
°A. (Pseudapanteles) consimilis Viereck.

Female : length 3.5 mm. ; flagel blackish brown through-
out, scape and pedicel mostly yellowish, mandibles yellowish

198 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

tipped with castaneous, palpi whitish ; tegulse, base of wings, fore
and mid legs, hind femora, hind coxae apically, membranous por-
tion of first and second dorsal abdominal segments and sides' and
venter of the third, all mostly stramineous ; hind coxae basally
castaneous, hind tibiae pale yellowish at base, merging into casta-
neous, then into blackish brown, hind tarsi dark brown, each joint
pale at base ; otherwise mostly black ; wings hyaline, stigma uni-
formly dark brown, first abscissa of radius, transverse cubitus
and third abscissa of cubitus brownish, second abscissa of med-
ian vein, first abscissa of discoidal vein, nervulus and costa more
or less stramineous to brownish, other veins almost colorless ; ex-
serted portion of ovipositor nearly as long as the abdomen.
°A. (Apanteles) ornigis Weed.

Male : length 2-2.5 ^^^- 5 palpi white ; labrum and mandibles
stramineous; fore legs red except coxae and apical joint, which
are blackish ; legs with more or less bl&ck on their coxae, femora,
and tibiae; hind legs fuscous, their coxae black; sides and
ventral portions of anterior segments of the abdomen more or
less stramineous ; wings hyaline, tegulae piceous ; veins stramin-
eous, stigma darker; first and second dorsal abdominal plates
reticulated, as is the base of the third segment; basal dorsal ab-
dominal segment with stramineous borders.

Parasitic on Ornix geminatella. Cocoons white and solitary.
*A. (A.) housatannuckorum Viereck (new species).

Type locality: New Haven, 23 August, 1906 (W. E. B.).
*A. (A.) miantonomoi Viereck (new species).

Type locality: West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.) ;
also from New Haven, 7 May, 1904, on flowers of currant
(Ribes rubrum) ; Branford, 27 June, 1904, on flowers of day-lily
(Hemerocallis fulva) (H. L. V.).

*A. (A.) melanopus Viereck (new species).
Type locality: New Haven, i August, 1906; labeled, bred
from pupae of cabbage-butterfly, (Pieris) Pontia rapes (P. L.
B.) ; also from New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*A. (A.) pequodorum Viereck (new species).
Type locality: West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.), also
from New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°A. (A.) lithocolletidis Viereck.
Reared from Lithocolletis on sweet fern by W. D. ^earfott.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. I99

°A. (A.) aristoteliae Viereck.
Reared from Aristotelia fungivorella by W. D. Kearfott.

°A. (A.) tortricis (Ashmead). Protapanteles tortricis Ash-
mead.

Reared from a Tortricid larva feeding on Comptonia aspleni-
folia. Cocoons white and solitary.
*A. (A.) gelechiae Viereck.
Type locality: East River, reared from Gelechia trialbama-
culella, August, 1910, by Dr. Charles R. Ely.

°A. (A.) plesius Viereck,
Reared from a larva on white oak, by W. D. Kearfott.

°A. (A.) edwardsi Riley.

Female : length 2.6 mm. ; black ; legs pale yellowish brown ;
antennae blackish, palpi light yellow; tegulse light stramineous;
wings with their stigma and costa piceous, veins paler; hind
femora dusky at tips, hind tibiae nearly black at tips, hind
tarsi brownish ; first dorsal abdominal segment with the side
pieces blackish brown ; first and second dorsal abdominal seg-
ments strongly punctate, third but slightly so and only on the an-
terior border ; ovipositor with its exserted portion longer than the
abdomen.

This is a parasite of the admiral butterfly, (Pyrameis) Van-
essa atalanta. Cocoons white and solitary.

*A. (A.) maquinnai Viereck (new species).
Type locality: New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

*A. (A.) conanchetorum Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Branford, 28 July, 1905 (H. W. W.).
A. (A.)tischeriae Viereck.

This is a parasite of the trumpet leaf-roller of the apple
( Tischeria malifoliella) .

A. (A.) trachynGtus Viereck.

The late Prof. J. B. Smith claimed to have reared this species
from Pegomyia vicina, infesting Chenopodium. The species has
been collected in Connecticut at the following places : New
Haven, 20 July, 1904, 19 July, 1905 (B. H. W.), 26 May, 1904
(H. L. V.) ; West Haven, 27 June, 1905, Putnam, 12 July, 1905,
and Colebrook, 27 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

200 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SUKVEY. [BuU.

A. (A.)recurvariae Ashmead.

Female: length 1.65 mm.; clypeus, mandibles, scape, abdomen
at sides and beneath, second dorsal abdominal segment, and
legs except spot at apex of hind femora, stramineous ; apex of
hind tibiae and hind tarsi, except basally, where they are fuscous,
stramineous ; wings hyaline, stigma brown ; second dorsal
abdominal plate trapezoidal and sculptured, rest of abdomen
smooth and punctate ; ovipositor prominent.

Bred from Recurvaria juniperella and R. thujaella, Yales-
ville, 19 October, 1903 (H. L. V.). \

A. (A.) forbesi Viereck.

West Thompson, 12 July, 1905, Cheshire, 8 July. 1904 (H.
L. v.).

*A. (A.) ninigretorum Viereck (new species).
Type locality: New Haven, 26 May, 1904 (H. L. V.).

A. (A.) carpatus (Say).

Mr. W. D. Kearfott has reared this species from Tinea
pellionella. New Haven, 4 August, 1905, bred from the white-
marked tussock moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma) .
*A. (A.) nipmuckorum Viereck (new species).

Type locality: Salisbury, 27 August, 1904 (W. E. B.).

A. (A.) lacteicolor Viereck.

This European species was originally introduced into the
state of Massachusetts on account of its effectiveness against the
brown-tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea) . It attacks the small
caterpillars of both the brown-tail and the gipsy moth, and hiber-
nates with the former. In the spring the larva of the parasite
emerges and spins a white cocoon within the molting web. In ad-
dition to the insects above mentioned, it is on record as attacking
Dafana and Hyphantria, making its usefulness all the more
assured. This species was planted at several points in Connecticut
in 1912 and 1913, to help control the brown-tail moth.

For a detailed account of this species see Bulletin No. 91,
Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 201

Microgaster Latreille.

Key to Species.
I. Propodeum with a more or less complete prominent median
longitudinal carina, usually very coarsely rugose, never

with an areola 2

Propodeum without a prominent median longitudinal carina,
but with a more or less distinct median area or areola; sec-
ond dorsal abdominal segment much shorter than third;
basal joint of antennse stramineous beneath; mouth stra-
mineous, palpi whitish, wings hyaline; a stramineous band
on middle of dorsum of abdomen; legs stramineous, hind
tarsi dusky. Length of body 2.5 mm zonarius

2. Second dorsal abdominal segment not separated from third

by a deep transverse furrow, trilobed, rugose; mostly

black with reddish legs; wings subhyaline 3

Second dorsal abdominal segment separated from third by
a deep transverse furrow, the former segment not trilobed;
mesopleural furrow wanting or shallow and smooth 4

3. Abdomen black above. Length 4 mm brevicaudus

Abdomen mostly black; body 3 mm. long; lateral edge of first

and second dorsal abdominal segments, yellow; third and
fourth dorsal segments partly reddish stramineous; ven-
tral portion of abdomen mostly reddish to yellowish stra-
mineous solidaginis

4. Black; fore and mid legs, except coxae, almost entirely

stramineous, all coxae black 5

Black; antennae brown; legs nearly as in congregatiformis and
carinatus, but in addition the coxae and trochanters are stra-
mineous; hind femora not brown at apex, hind tibiae red-
dish stramineous, brown at apex; ventral portion of ab-
domen mostly brownish stramineous. Length 4 mm.

gelechiae

5. Fore and mid proximal trochanters more or less blackish.. 6
Fore and mid proximal trochanters entirely stramineous or

reddish; second dorsal abdominal segment nearly as long
as first; lateral edge of first, second, third, and fourth seg-
ments more or less brownish stramineous, ventral por-
tion of abdomen mostly reddish; trochanters, femora, tibiae
and tarsi mostly stramineous or reddish; hind femora and
tibiae brown at apex; hind tarsi brown. Length 3 mm

brittoni

6. Basal half of abdomen yellowish beneath; third dorsal ab-

dominal segment partly indistinctly punctate carinatus

Basal half of abdomen blackish beneath; third dorsal abdom-
inal segment partly longitudinally striate congregatiformis

202 CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

°M. (Hypomicrogaster) zonarius Say.

°M. (Diolcogaster) brevicaudus Provancher.

*M. (D.) solidaginis Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Stafford, 24 August, 1905, on flower* of
goldenrod (W. E. B.).

M. (Microgaster) carinatus Packard.

This is an American parasite of the cosmopolitan butterfly,
(Pyrameis) Vanessa atalanta.
*M. (M.) brittoni Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Kent, 31 August, 1904 (W. E. B.).
*M. (M.) congregatiformis Viereck (new species).
Type locality: New Haven, i August, 1904, 24 May, 1905
(W. E. B., P. L. B.).
*M. (M.) gelechiae Riley.

Parasitic on Gnorimoschema gallasolidaginis. New Haven,
27 July, 1904 (P. L. B.).

°M. sp.
Parasitic upon (Pyrameis) Vanessa hunt era. ~-

Microplitis Foerster.
Key to Species.

1. Clypeus blackish or black 2

Clypeus, antennae and mandibles reddish, palpi light yellow;
tegulae and legs (except tarsi and hind coxae, which are
fuscous) stramineous; anterior half of abdomen, except
dorsum of first segment, stramineous; wings hyaline, areo-
let subrhomboidal. Length 3.5 mm maturus

2. First dorsal abdominal plate wider or at least not narrower

at apex than at base 3

First dorsal abdominal plate narrower at apex than at base,
and at least three times as long down the middle as wide
at apex 7

3. First dorsal abdominal plate a little longer down the middle

than wide at apex, but always less than twice as long;
propodeum with a distinct median longitudinal carina ... 4
First dorsal abdominal plate at least twice as long down the
middle as wide at apex, parallel-sided, and black; antennae,
mandibles and labrum reddish brown; palpi, legs, and
more or less of under side of abdomen, together with a
portion of the margins of first and second dorsal abdom-
inal segments, reddish; claws blackish; tegulae reddish to

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 2O3

Stramineous; wings hyaline, areolet quadrate. Length

3 mm mamestrae

4. Fore and mid coxae at least mostly stramineous 5

Fore and mid coxae as well as hind coxae mostly black or

blackish; tegulae stramineous; first dorsal abdominal plate
finely sculptured; color of legs and length as in Microgaster
brittoni waldeni

5. Hind coxae stramineous or yellowish beneath 6

Hind coxae black or blackish beneath. Length 3.5 mm., .actuosus

6. Scape blackish; length 2.5 mm.; body mostly black; antennae,

labrum, and mandibles blackish, palpi whitish; legs red-
dish, coxae, except at apex, hind metatarsus, and all claws
blackish; tegulae stramineous; wings subhyaline, areolet

quadrate ceratomiae

Scape yellowish hyphantriae

7. Tegulae and coxae mostly black or blackish 8

Tegulae and coxae mostly or at least partly reddish, stra-
mineous or yellow; scape yellowish; second dorsal abdom-
inal segment not rugose; body mostly black; first dorsal

" abdominal segment laterally, and first, second, and third
ventral segments, and second and third dorsal abdominal
segments mostly yellowish or stramineous; antennae brown;
legs stramineous to brownish, except hind tarsi, which are
dark brown. Length 3 mm varicolor

8. Stigma entirely blackish; legs colored as in Microgaster brittoni.

Length 2.5 mm quintilis

Stigma only partly blackish, the greater part of basal half
stramineous; legs, except coxae, which are black, and tro-
chanters, tarsi, great part of basal half of mid and hind
femora, which are brown, stramineous. Length 2.5 mm.

melianae var.

M. maturus Weed.

°M. ceratomiae Riley.

Parasitizes the larva of the four-horned sphinx {Ceratomia
amyntor = C. quadricornis) which feeds upon the elm. It is
also on record as a parasite of a Smerinthid larva. The cocoons
are as in actuosus but ribbed.

°M. mamestrae Weed.

Parasitic upon the painted mamestra {Mamestra picta),
the larva of which is especially destructive to cabbages and beets,
though it eats a great many other plants. The cocoons are red-
dish brown and ribbed.

204 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

*M. waldeni Viereck (new species).

Type locality: New Haven, 23 June, 1905 (B. H. W.).
*M. quintilis Viereck (new species).

Type locality: New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
°M. actuosus Riley.

Reared from Ceratomia amyntor. Cocoons in masses, without
ribs, and arranged like the cells in a honeycomb.

M. hyphantriae Ashmead.

Reared from Hyphantria cunea and from a Noctuid larva on
apple leaves ; the former record is by Prof. S. A. Forbes, the
latter by Dr. George Dimmock.

*M. varicolor Viereck (new species).

Type locality: Putnam, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

M. melianae Viereck, var.

The typical form of this species has been reared from the
fifth-stage caterpillar of Meliana albilinea by Mr. R. L. Webster
at Ames, Iowa.

West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°M. Sp.

A parasite of the army worm, {Leucania, Heliophila) Cirphis
unipuncta.

Microbracon Ashmead.

Key to Species.

1. Abdomen not sculptured or virtually sculptureless, second

segment without furrows; dorsulum at least partly black;
propodeum without a median longitudinal carina or sculp-
ture from base to middle or beyond 2

Abdomen more or less sculptured 3

2. Dorsulum entirely black, all femora more or less black or

blackish, hind femora with apical half stramineous wawequa
Dorsulum partly reddish sebequanash

3. Abdominal sculpture not confined to first, second, and third

dorsal segments 4

Abdominal sculpture confined to first and second dorsal seg-
ments 20

4. Propodeum sculptured or carinate from base to apex S

Propodeum neither sculptured nor carinate from base to apex 9

5. Propodeum sculptured all over 6

Propodeum not sculptured all over, but with a carina or sculp-
ture from base to middle or beyond; fifth dorsal abdom-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 205

inal segment granular or lineolate, dorsal segments finely
granular, not thickened or leathery; apical half of abdo-
men mostly brown; head blackish above; body mostly
reddish stramineous 8

6. Mesopleurae not sculptured throughout 7

Mesopleurse sculptured throughout quinnipiacorvim

7. Depressed portion of mesopleurae or episternauli not sculp-

tured; abdomen yellowish throughout beyond second seg-
ment; scape black above podunkorum

Depressed portion of mesopleurse or episternauli sculptured;
scape not at all black nawaasorum

8. Dorsulum not blackish, but reddish like rest of thorax konkapoti
Dorsulum blackish; body mostly reddish scanticorum

9. Second dorsal abdominal segment without a dark or black-

ish mark at base and without a coarsely wrinkled basal
median area; abdomen entirely pale, at least beyond first
segment; fifth and sixth segments granular or lineolate,

dorsal segments not leathery 10

Second dorsal abdominal segment with a dark or blackish
mark at base 13

10. Abdomen not entirely pale, at least first dorsal plate more

or less black 11

Abdomen entirely pale; propodeum in female with a carina
or sculpture from base to the middle or beyond, in male
without a carina or sculpture to middle dorsator var, mellitor

11. Thorax entirely black; propodeum without a carina or sculp-

ture from base to middle 12

Thorax not entirely black; propodeum in female with a carina
or sculpture from base to middle or beyond, in male with-
out a carina or sculpture to middle dorsator

12. Head entirely black; fore and mid coxae black . . . connecticutorum
Head not entirely black; fore and mid coxae reddish brown

massasoit

13. Apical half of abdomen entirely or mostly pale, stramineous

or yellowish 14

Apical half of abdomen mostly brown or blackish 15

14. Propodeum without a carina or sculpture from base to

middle montowesei

Propodeum with a carina or sculpture from base to middle
or beyond dorsator var. lixi

15. Dorsulum not entirely black; scape blackish 16

Dorsulum entirely black 18

16. Propodeum with a carina or sculpture from base to middle

or beyond 17

206 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. S\jRVEY. [BuU.

Propodeum without a carina or sculpture to middle; third
dorsal abdominal segment yellowish at base and down
the middle dorsator var. variabilis

17. Thorax mostly stramineous dorsator

Thorax mostly black dorsator var. aequalis

18. Second dorsal abdominal segment apparently three times

as wide at apex as long down the middle 19

Second dorsal abdominal segment apparently only twice as
wide at apex as long down the middle; propodeum with
a median carina or sculpture from base to middle or be-
yond canadensis

19. Abdomen delicately sculptured; mesopleurse partly reddish

brown 20

Abdomen coarsely sculptured, second segment mostly
black; mesopleurae black; propodeum with a carina or
sculpture from base to middle or beyond metacomet

20. Propodeum with a carina or sculpture from base to middle

or beyond hobomok

Propodeum without a carina or sculpture from base to mid-
dle montowesei

21. Femora mostly stramineous; propodeum without a carina or

sculpture from base to apex; first dorsal abdominal seg-
ment black, except membranous part of first segment,

which is pale 22

Femora mostly black or blackish, apical half of fore femora
and fore tibiae beneath stramineous; body mostly black;
propodeum without a carina or sculpture from base to mid-
dle; abdomen more or less pale, fifth and following seg-
ments dark, blackish or dark brown; mouth pale, palpi
black or blackish vemoniae

22. Abdomen mostly reddish yellow above; propodeum with a

carina or sculpture from apex to middle or beyond, .gastroideae
Abdomen almost entirely black above; propodeum with a
carina or sculpture from apex to middle or beyond uncas

*M. wawequa Viereck (new species).

Head and thorax black ; length less than 4 mm. ; first dorsal
abdominal segment black or mostly 1 black ; second, third and
fourth dorsal abdominal segments mostly brown, remainder of
dorsum of abdomen mostly black.

Type locality: New Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

*M. sebequanash Viereck (new species).

Body mostly brown ; head and thorax blackish above ; length
2 mm. ; exserted portion of ovipositor about one-half the length
of the abdomen.

Type locality: New Haven, 6 July, 1904 (H. L. V.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 20/

*M. quinnipiacorum Viereck (new species).

Black color of abdomen confined to the first dorsal segment;

head and thorax above partly black, mostly brown ; abdomen pale

brown.

Type locality: New Haven, 6 July, 1904 (H. L. V.).

*M. podunkorum Viereck (new species).
Type locality: New Haven, 16 October, 1903 (H. L. V.).

*M, nawaasorum Viereck (new species).
Head and thorax above mostly brownish stramineous. Type
locality: Branford, 25 July, 1905 (B. H. W.).

*M. konkapoti Viereck (new species).

Head mostly black, thorax mostly stramineous tinted with
brown ; abdomen mostly pale brown ; legs mostly stramineous
except hind femora, which are whitish on the basal half and
dusky on the apical half ; palpi whitish. Length 2.5-3 ^^'

Type locality: West Thompson, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

*M. scanticorum Viereck (new species).

Head and thorax above mostly blackish.

Type locality: West Thompson, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
°M. dorsator (Say). Bracon xanthostigmus Cresson.

M. dorsator var. mellitor (Say).

Length of body 2-3 mm. ; ovipositor with exserted portion
about as long as the abdomen ; stigma yellowish to brownish or
cloudy yellowish or fuscous.

This is an abundant variety, and occurs throughout the state
in June, July and August. It is recorded as a parasite of the
lesser peach-borer, {Sesia) Synanthedon pictipes, and is para-
sitic on Sanninoidea exitiosa.

°M. dorsator var. lixi (Ashmead).

°M. dorsator var. variabilis (Provancher).
M. dorsator var. aequalis (Provancher).
New Haven, 24 May, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; West Haven, 27
June, 1905 (H. L. v.).

*M. massasoit Viereck (new species).
Length less than 4 mm. ; head and thorax black ; abdomen
almost entirely black.

Type locality: Colebrook, 21 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°M. canadensis (Ashmead). Opius canadensis Ashmead.

208 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

*M. metaxomet Viereck (new species).

Female : length 3.5 mm. ; face, mouth, malar space, lower part
of cheeks, nearly all of fore Jegs, hind coxae, trochanters, femora
and most of tibiae, stramineous.

Type locality: New Canaan, 29 September, 1909.

*M. hobomok Viereck (new species).

Head mostly brownish stramineous ; thorax black above.

Type locality: Branford, 28 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
°M. vemoniae Ash mead.

Head and thorax black; plate of first dorsal abdominal seg-
ment, a spot at base of second medially, and ovipositor, black,
second segment mostly stramineous like the third laterally, rest
of abdomen mostly blackish ; all tarsi and the hind tibise toward
tips, dusky; body 3 mm. long; exserted portion of ovipositor 2
mm, long.

Hosts : Platynota sentana and Eudemis botrana in seeds of
Vernonia novehoracensis.
°M. gastroideae Ashmead.

Head and thorax black ; length less than 4 mm. ; first dorsal
abdominal segment black or mostly black ; abdomen with its lat-
eral margins yellow ; a black blotch at base of second segment ;
palpi and antennae black; legs yellowish red, tips of hind tibiae
and tarsi dusky ; length 3 mm.

Host: Gastroidea cyanea, a species of beetle that is repre-
sented in the collection of the New Haven Experiment Station.

*M. uncas Viereck (new species).
Abdomen uniformly black above and polished.
Type locality: New Haven, 15 May. 1905 (B. H. W,).
*M. montowesei Viereck (new species).
Female: abdomen with dorsum yellow except most of first
segment and part of the second, which are blackish or dark
brown ; body 3 mm. long ; ovipositor with its exserted portion
about one-half the length of the abdomen.

Male : abdomen dark brown except lateral margins of first
dorsal segment and sutures between the first, second and third
segments, all of which are pale; body 2.5 mm. long; legs mostly
stramineous.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 209

Type locality: New Haven, 14 May, 1906, 6 July, 1904 (B.
H, W.). Bred from the immature stages of a host in connection
with the rearing of Priophorus acericauUs, which causes maple
stems to be detached from trees prematurely.

*M. connecticutorum Viereck (new species).

Color nearly as in Habrobracon gelechice, but pale portion of
abdomen brownish, the brownish color of abdomen occupying all
the dorsum excepting most of first segment and a longitudinal
blackish streak down the middle from the apex of second seg-
ment to near the apex of the abdomen.

Type locality: New Haven, 6 July, 1904 (H. L. V.).

Habrobracon (Ashmead) W. J. Johnson.

H. gelechiae (Ashmead).

Length 2-3 mm. ; head and thorax mostly black ; antennae com-
paratively slender, the second joint of the flagel at least twice as
long as thick, head with a yellowish or yellow margin along the
upper and inner eye margins, mandibles yellow with dark tips ;
coxae more or less black with brownish or stramineous tips, some-
times with the apical half of the hind pair brownish, hind femora
mostly stramineous or brownish stramineous ; abdomen mostly
densely sculptured and dull, the first dorsal plate in the female
not parallel-sided and distinctly wider at apex than at base, in the
male hardly wider at apex than at base and parallel-sided ; second
dorsal segment without furrows ; membranous portion of first
dorsal segment yellowish ; rest of dorsum black in the female, in
the male blackish with the second segment entirely yellowish, or
yellowish with a blackish stripe down the middle, and the third
segment more or less yellowish. »

This species is on record as a parasite of (Gelechia) Phthor-
imcca cinerella, and the American tent-caterpillar (Malacosoma
americana), and has been collected in West Haven, 27 June, 1905,
West Thompson, 12 July, 1905, and Colebrook, 21 July 1905 (H.
L. v.).

Iphiaulax Foerster.
Subgenus Monogonogastra Viereck.

Head, thorax and propodeum black ; abdomen reddish or red,
elliptical, not longitudinally striate, the second dorsal segment
14

2IO CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

sculptured with a basal median embossed area, the third
dorsal segment without a median area or keel, the furrows be-
tween the second and third and between the third and fourth dor-
sal segments crenulate, the second to fourth dorsal segments much
wider than long down the middle, the third dorsal segment with-
out a punctate transverse subapical line.

Key to Species.

1. Abdomen mostly smooth and polished 2

Abdomen mostly rugoso-punctate, exserted portion of ovi-
positor shorter than "abdomen augustus

2. Ultimate and penultimate joints of maxillary palpi stramine- '

ous; exserted portion of ovipositor longer than abdomen

eurygaster
Ultimate and penultimate joints of maxillary palpi black;
exserted portion of ovipositor shorter than abdomen ....agrili

°I. (M.) agrili (Ashmead). B r aeon agrili Ashmead.

I. (M.) eurygaster Brulle. Howard, Insect Book, PI. viii,
Fig* 33- Parasitic on an unknown longicorn beetle taken in
South Woodstock. Has been taken in and around New Haven
in June, July and August.

*I. (M.) augustus Viereck (new species.)
Type locaHty: North Haven, 13 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Coeloides Wesmael.

C. pissodis Ashmead.

First dorsal abdominal segment yellowish red, as is the re-
mainder of the abdomen ; length 3.2 mm. ; ovipositor with its ex-
serted portion 2.6 mm. long.

Host: the white-pine weevil (Pissodes strobi), a very common
beetle throughout the state, living also on Norway spruce.

Rainbow, 1911 (S. N. Spring).

°C. scolytivorus (Cresson).

Head and thorax mostly black ; abdomen and legs almost en-
tirely brownish stramineous; length 4 mm., exserted portion of
ovipositor 5.5 mm. long.

Host: hickory bark-borer {Scolytus caryce).

Atanycolus Foerster.
A. simplex (Cresson). Howard, Insect Book, PI. ix, Fig. 11.
Length 1 1 mm. ; exserted portion of ovipositor as long as the

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 211

body ; abdomen reddish, its second dorsal segment with a median
embossed area not attaining the apex and the sides of which form
aY.

Wallingford, 15 June, 1913 (W. E. B.).
°A. charus (Riley).
Bred from Chrysobothris femorata.

ALYSIID^.

The length and attachment of the mandibles in this group are
something astonishing; when closed, their tips do not meet or
overlap, as is the rule in almost all other Hymenoptera ; when
open, they are turned out somewhat like hands with the palms
turned out and up. According to our present knowledge of the
parasitology of this family, its attacks are confined almost exclu-
sively to dipterous larvae.

Key to Genera.

1. Fore wings with two submarginal cells, first transverse cu-

bitus always present; eyes not hairy; postscutel without a
more or less perfect spine; first abdominal segment longer
than broad; first branch of marginal vein distinct; second

submarginal cell remote from stigma 2

Fore wings with three submarginal cells or with only two,
but then without a first transverse cubitus; winged or
with imperfect wings 3

2. Abdomen linear, longer than head and thorax, slightly com-

pressed only at apex in female; marginal vein forming a

regular curve 4

Abdomen oblong or ovate, not longer than head and thorax

Dacnusa p. 213

3. First submarginal cell separated from second 5

First submarginal cell confluent with second. .. .Synaldis p. 214

4. Head extending above lateral ocelli; notauli not meeting

posteriorly Rricoelinius p.212

Head not extending above lateral ocelli; notauli meeting
posteriorly Coelinidea p. 212

5. First transverse cubital vein shorter than second branch of

marginal vein 6

First transverse cubital vein as long as or longer than second
branch of marginal vein; first submarginal cell separated
from first discoidal; fourth joint of antennae not longer
than third; second abdominal segment smooth and with-
out a transverse line; propodeum not carinate; furrow of
', mesopleura distinct, rugose or carinate; subdiscoidal vein

212

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

arising from or near middle of second discoidal cell; stigma
short, oblong, receiving marginal vein beyond its middle

CratospUa p. 214

6. First submarginal cell separated from first discoidal 7

First submarginal cell confluent with first discoidal

Aphaereta p. 214

7. Fourth joint of antennae not longer than third; submedian

cell of hind wings half as long as median 8

Fourth joint of antennae longer than third; submedian cell
of hind wings less than half as long as median; marginal
cell reaching to apex of wing Asobara p. 213

8. Stigma apparently wanting or absent, or else not thicker than

costa Aspilota p. 213

Stigma elongate, attenuate, but still somewhat thicker than
costa; marginal vein originating beyond base of stigma,
the latter cuneiform Pentapleura p. 213

Coelinidea Viereck.

Ccelinius Authors, not Nees.

°C. meromyzae Forbes.

Length 5 mm. Female : black ; greater part of lower half of
antennae more or less yellow, apical half mostly dark brown ; palpi
pale, mandibles partly pale ; legs dark stramineous ; wings trans-
parent, sometimes yellowish, veins and stigma brownish stramin-
eous; second and third dorsal abdominal segments and ventral
aspect of first segment stramineous to brownish stramineous;
fourth abdominal segment and segments beyond this one, com-
pressed. Male: similar to the female, but the abdomen not at
all compressed.

*C. occom Viereck (new species).

Male: length 4 mm.; differs from the description of mero-
myz(£ given above as follows: antennae with the scape brown,
pedicel paler, remainder dusky or blackish, palpi stramineous,
mandibles very dark brown ; hind tarsi dark brown ; apical third
of first and nearly all of second dorsal abdominal segments brown-
ish, nearly all of venter blackish brown ; propodeum without a
median raised line or ridge.

Type locality: New Haven, 24 May, 1905 (W. E. B.).

Ericoelinius Viereck.

*E. mahackemoi Viereck (new species).
Male: differs from the description of Coelinidea occom given
above as follows: mandibles partly yellowish brown, dorsum of

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 213

abdomen with the first segment black, succeeding segments more
or less dark brown ; propodeum with a median raised line or ridge-
Type locality: Branford, 24 August, 1904 (P. L. B.).

Dacnusa Haliday.

*D. sachemella Viereck (new species).

Female : length 2 mm. ; black ; labrum and mandibles yellow-
ish, palpi stramineous, scape and pedicel pale brown in front, rest
of antennae dusky or black; legs stramineous, tarsi more or less
dusky, tegulae dark brown ; wings transparent, with a yellowish
brown cast, stigma and veins brown ; propodeum posteriorly with
a median longitudinal fovea of an oblong, rounded shape and at
least twice as long as wide ; propodeum and first dorsal abdominal
segment rugose or rugulose ; ovipositor scarcely exserted.

Type locality: West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Pentapleura Foerster.

*P. foveolata Viereck (new species).

Male : length 1.5-2 mm. ; black ; mandibles dark brown ; palpi
blackish stramineous, antennae mostly blackish ; legs stramineous ;
wings with a brownish tinge, transparent, stigma and veins brown-
ish stramineous; mesonotum with an almost circular fovea pos-
teriorly ; propodeum above with a median longitudinal ridge or
raised line and with a similar raised line on each side of the pro-
podeum.

Type locality: New Haven, 21 October, 1903 (H. L. V.).

Aspilota Foerster.

*A. ephemera Viereck (new species).

Male : length i mm. ; black ; mandibles, palpi, scape, pedicel,
legs, and first abdominal segment all more or less pale stramin-
eous, flagel blackish ; wings transparent, tinted with brownish,
veins blackish stramineous; abdomen beyond first segment dark
blackish brown.

Type locality: New Haven, 23 June, 1904 (H. L. V.).

Asobara Foerster.

*A. lineata Viereck (new species).

Female : length 2 mm. ; head and thorax mostly black, man-
dibles yellowish, margined with brown, palpi stramineous, scape

214 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

and pedicel pale brownish stramineous, flagel pale brown at base,
dark brown to blackish beyond ; wings pale, with their veins pale
stramineous ; costa partly brownish stramineous ; legs almost
entirely stramineous ; abdomen mostly blackish ; exserted portion
of ovipositor fully two-thirds the length of the abdomen ; propo-
deum with a median raised line.

Type locality: Putnam, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

A paratype of this species in the U. S. National Museum is
from Algonquin, Illinois, and labeled " Nason, Nos., 130, July
23, 1895, and 4792."

Aphaereta Foerster.

A. muscae Ashmead.

In color this species agrees very well with the description of
Aspilota ephemera given above, except that the thorax is mostly
dark brown and the body is longer, i. e., nearly 2 mm. long or
a little longer; exserted portion of ovipositor nearly as long as
the abdomen.

Occurs throughout the state in July and August, and has been
bred from the onion maggot by Mr. B. H. Walden.

Cratospila Foerster

°C. ridibunda Say. C. rubicunda Ashmead.
Length 4-6 mm.; mostly reddish; head black; antennae and
legs blackish, mandibles more or less brownish ; palpi dark ; wings
deep brown ; female with the exserted portion of the ovipositor
as long as or nearly as long as the abdomen ; male with its abdo-
men above tipped with blackish.

Synaldis Foerster.
Key to Species.

I. First abdominal segment pale yellowish 2

First abdominal segment like remainder of abdomen, i. e.,
black; head and thorax black; length 2 mm.; palpi, scape,
pedicel, mandibles, tegulse, and legs, more or less stra-
mineous or brownish stramineous, rest of antennae brown
to blackish; wings transparent, faintly tinted with a dark
shade; sixth to tenth joints of flagel hardly longer than
thick; veins and stigma brownish to stramineous; exserted
portion of ovipositor nearly half the length of abdomen

incisa

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 2l5

2. Thorax laterally and beneath mostly brownish; abdomen
beyond pale segment dark brown; femora and tibiae partly
dark brown, otherwise colored much the same as incisa;
nearly 1.5 mm. long; male with sixth to tenth joints of

flagel at least as long as thick pygmaea

Head, thorax, and abdomen, except as already stated, practic-
ally entirely black; legs stramineous; otherwise colored
about as in pygntoea; exserted portion of ovipositor fully
; two-thirds length of abdomen above or a little longer;

length of body 1.5 mm. or a little longer (female)

quinnipiacorum

S. incisa Gahan.

New Haven, 16 October, 1903 (H. L. V.).

*S. pygmaea Viereck (new species).

Type locality: New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*S. quinnipiacorum Viereck (new species).

Type locality : West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

STEPHANID^.

In this small family are some of the most curious of the Ich-
neumon flies or Ichneumonoidea. It seems to constitute a link
between the superfamily to which it belongs and the preceding
series of groups, or the Phytophaga.

Key to Genera.
Abdomen, at least in female, subsessile, its first segment not
longer than the second; hind tarsi in female S-jointed; hind

wings with closed cells Schlettererius p. 215

Abdomen in both sexes petiolate, its first segment fully twice
as long as the second; hind tarsi in female 3-jointed, in

male 5-jointed; hind wings without closed cells

Stephanus p. 216

Schlettererius Ashmead.

°S. cinctipes Cresson.

Length 14-19 mm. ; mostly black ; thorax partly pale in color ;
the following parts whitish or white : labrum, a narrow band at
base of all tibiae, and the apical third of the ovipositor and its
sheaths, except extreme tip of each ; remainder of the legs partly
stramineous, partly reddish ; wings pale fuscous toward tips and
with an angular subhyaline band commencing at the base of the
stigma, the apex of this band paler than the portion beneath the

2l6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [Bull.

Stigma ; exserted portion of the ovipositor about twice as long as
the body.

Stephanus Jurine.

Megischus Brulle.
°S. rufipcs Say.

Length 5 mm. ; black, with reddish legs, the hind tarsi, how-
ever, dusky ; wings hyaline with a triangular fuscous maculation ;
exserted portion of the ovipositor as long as the abdomen.

banchid;e.

Banchus Fabricius.
Key to Species.

1. Species mostly black or yellow, or both 2

Species mostly reddish or almost entirely reddish; face,

cheeks, tegulae, tubercles, mark on mesopleurae, scutel and
legs, more or less tinged with yellow; wings more or less
yellowish brown; apex of hind tibiae brown; spine of scutel
about as long as third joint of the antennae, the latter
mostly brown. Length 10 mm ferrugineus

2. Species black and yellow; wings brownish yellowish; face yel-

low excepting two black marks fused together above an-
tennae and a median black line extending from antennae
to clypeus; antennae dark brown; thorax black, ornamented
with yellow; abdomen black, with transverse bands of yel-
low; fore and mid coxae mostly yellow, hind coxae yellow,
brown, and black; rest of legs yellow or reddish and black-
ish; spine of scutel longer than width of one of the ocelli.

Length la mm cressoni

Species almost entirely yellow; antennae brown; vertex with
an interrupted, blackish transverse line; hind tibiae at tips
and tarsi brownish; wings almost clear, but tinted with
yellow; spine of scutel about as long as the eighth joint
of antennae. Length 9 mm pallescens

°B. (Cidaphurus) cressoni Viereck.
B. (C.) pallescens Provancher.
Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.).
B. (C.) ferrugineus Provancher.

Torrington, 7 July, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; New Haven, 17 June,
1911 (A. B. C).

BRACONID^.
Key to Genera.
I. Clypeus not emarginate so as to form a semicircular opening

with mandibles 2

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 217

Clypeus emarginate so as to form a semicircular opening
with mandibles, occiput separated from vertex by a ridge
or raised line; abdomen sessile or subsessile 24

2. Abdomen above with more than two sutures, sutures distinct 3
Abdomen above without a suture or at most with two super-
ficial sutures, concave beneath ig

3. Second submarginal cell large, quadrangular, or wanting.. 4
Second submarginal cell small, minute, often imperfect;

notauli distinct; marginal cell not reaching apex of wing 16

4. Abdomen sessile or subsessile 5

Abdomen petiolate 13

5. Fore wings with three submarginal cells 6

Fore wings with two submarginal cells ll

6. Anterior margin of marginal cell longer than stigma, mar-

ginal and second and third submarginal cells distinctly

defined 7

Anterior margin of marginal cell not longer than stigma 10

7. Hind femora thickened, sometimes toothed; head subquad-

rate, vertex excavate, its fovea harboring the middle ocel-
lus 8

Hind femora simple; head transverse, vertex not or scarcely
excavate; middle ocellus not harbored by a fovea; abdo-
men linear, longer than thorax, inserted above hind coxas

Macrocentrus p. 219

8. Hind femora unarmed g

Hind femora armed with a tooth beneath Helconidea p. 220

9. Basal joint of hind tarsi not longer than second, third, and

fourth joints combined Helcon p. 220

Basal joint of hind tarsi longer than second, third, and fourth
joints combined Eumacrocentrus p. 220

10. First branch of marginal vein shorter than second; sec-

ond submarginal cell longer than first Ichneutcs p. 221

First branch of marginal vein hardly longer than second; sec-
ond submarginal cell shorter than first Ichneutidea p, 221

11. Anal cell of fore wings open at apex; marginal vein straight,

its first branch long and distinct; ovipositor straight; first
discoidal cell sessile, touching parastigma; cubital vein

arising from base of stigma Blacus p. 222

Third discoidal cell of fore wings closed at apex 12

12. Abdomen elongate, its sides parallel, showing eight segments

above, the first much longer than broad Eubadizon p. 221

Abdomen short, sides rounded, showing at most only three
or four segments above, the rest retracted, first seg-
ment not or scarcely longer than its apical breadth

Brachistes p. 221

13. Fore wings with two submarginal cells or without submar-

ginal cells 14

Fore wings with three submarginal cells Meteorus p. 222

2l8 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

14. First submarginal and first discoidal cells not confluent but

separated; antennae not clavate nor geniculate 15

First submarginal and first discoidal cells confluent, mar-
ginal cell semicordate, ending about half-way between
stigma and apex of wing or nearer to stigma; antennae
simple in both sexes Perilitus p. 226

15. Marginal cell semicordate, ending nearer to stigma than apex

of wing, narrower than stigma, marginal vein curved
throughout; with or without submarginal cells; propodeum

more or less sloping behind; ovipositor concealed

Euphorus p. 224
Marginal cell sublanceolate, ending about half-way between
stigma and apex of wing, broader than stigma; marginal
vein straight near end, front wings with two distinct sub-
niargjinal cells; propodeum vertically truncate behind;
ovipositor exserted Dinocampus p. 225

16. Fore wings with three submarginal cells 17

Fore wings with two submarginal cells, first submarginal

cell separated from first discoidal cell; mesopleurae with a
crenulate furrow; face not rostriform Orgilus p. 226

17. Face not rostriform 18

Face rostriform; first submarginal and first discoidal cells

more or less confluent Bracon p. 230

18. First submarginal cell and first discoidal cells more or less

confluent; mesopleurae with a furrow; wings generally in-

fumated Bassus p. 226

First submarginal cell separated from first discoidal cell;
mesopleurae without a furrow; wings hyaline. .Earinus p. 229

19. Fore wings with three submarginal cells 20

Fore wings with two submarginal cells 23

20. Abdomen with only one segment visible above 21

Abdomen with three segments visible above 22

21. Eyes bare, first submarginal and first discoidal cell not con-

fluent Ascogaster p. 231

Eyes hairy, first submarginal and first discoidal cell confluent

Ohelonus p. 232

22. Abdomen beneath with two teeth pointing backward; recur-

rent vein received by first submarginal cell, second sub-
marginal cell not narrowed at base; mid tibiae simple

Sigalphus p. 233
Abdomen beneath edentate; recurrent vein subobsolete, sec-
ond submarginal cell much narrowed at base; mid tibiae
externally gibbous Phanerotoma p. 233

23. Abdomen above with only one segment visible

Urosigalphus p. 233
Abdomen above with three segments visible ....Triaspis p. 234

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 219

24. Fore wings with three submarginal cells; head not cubical,

more or less narrowed behind eyes 25

Fore wings with two submarginal cells; head cubical, or out-
side line of temples virtually in same plane as outside line
of eyes; sutures between dorsal abdominal segments dis-
tinct 27

25. Subdiscoidal vein not interstitial with anal vein, originating

below middle of discoidal vein; abdomen sessile, almost
always rugose, except apex, small smooth impressions
visible on second and third dorsal segments; ovipositor

short or concealed 26

Subdiscoidal vein interstitial with anal vein, or originating
above middle of discoidal vein; median and submedian cells
of equal length or nearly of equal length on median vein;
antennae more than 12-jointed and much longer than head
and thorax; suture between second and third segments
superficial; recurrent vein received by second submarginal
cell, which is much narrowed at base Hormius p. 236

26. Suture between second and third segment obsolete; second

submarginal cell trapezoidal; abdomen not longer than
head and thorax, in female subcompressed at apex, oviposi-
tor considerably exserted Epirhyssalus p. 235

Suture between second and third segment distinct, crenu-
late; third joint of maxillary palpi not dilated, but
simple; recurrent vein received by first submarginal cell;
first branch of marginal vein shorter than second; sec-
ond submarginal cell elongate, more than half length of
first; fourth and following abdominal segments in female
not retracted and concealed beneath third. .. .Aleiodes p. 235

27. First and second submarginal cells distinct, not confluent;

marginal cell closed 28

First and second submarginal cells confluent; abdomen above
showing more than three segments; hind wings with a
stigma Heterospilus p. 238

28. Abdomen sessile, with only four segments visible above;

ovipositor hardly exserted; recurrent vein received by

first submarginal cell, hind wings without a stigma

Polystenidea p. 238
Abdomen sessile, with at least six segments visible above;
ovipositor elongate; recurrent vein interstitial; hind wings
with a stigma Hecabolus p. 2yj

Macrocentrus Curtis.
Key to Species.

I. Species uniformly stramineous. Length 6-8 mm 2

Head and thorax mostly black; antennae brown, except first
and second joints, which, like legs and venter of abdo-

220 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

men, are stramineous; dorsum of abdomen black, except

third dorsal segment, which is nearly orange in color

pyraustae

2. Antennae stramineous uniformis

Antennae blackish or brownish delicatus

*M. pyraustas Viereck (new species).

Length 5 mm. ; exserted portion of ovipositor 5.5 mm. long.

Type locality: Westville. Bred from a lot of material from
which the fern leaf-roller (Pyrausta theseusalis) was reared,
upon which it is probably parasitic. 14 July, 1900 (W. E. B.).

°M. delicatus Cresson.

This species has been bred from tortricid larvae, and is an
American parasite of the cosmopolitan codling moth (Carpo-
capsa pontonella).

°M. ? uniformis Provancher.

Helconidea Viereck.

Helcon Authors, not Nees.

Type : Helcon (Equator Nees.

°H. ligator (Say). Bracon ligator Say. Howard, Insect Book,
PI. viii, Fig. 41 (Helcon ligatus).

Length 9 mm. ; black ; abdomen and legs rufous, tarsi blackish
at tips; antennae with a white annulus beyond the middle on the
female ; wings hyaline, veins fuscous ; hind tibiae fuscous, their
tarsi whitish ; exserted portion of ovipositor blackish.

Eumacrocentrus Ashmead.

°E. americanus (Cresson).

Length 14 mm. ; mostly black, except the legs, which are red-
dish brown stramineous; exserted portion of ovipositor about
three times the length of the body ; antennae about 12 mm. long.

Helcon Nees.
Gymnoscelus Foerster.

°H. pedalis (Cresson).

Length 12 mm. ; antennae about 8 mm. in length ; exserted por-
tion of ovipositor 10 mm. long ; color approximately as in Euma-
crocentrus americanus, except the femora, tibiae and tarsi of the
hind legs, which are all mostly blackish.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 221

Ichneutes Nees.

°I. fulvipes Cresson.

Length 3.5 mm. ; head and thorax almost entirely black ; abdo-
men black and blackish red; legs, tubercles, tegulae, and palpi
stramineous ; antennae brown.

Ichneutidea Ashmead.

I. secunda Rohwer.

Length 3-4 mm. ; colored to a great extent like Cardiochiles
viator as described above (p. 183), except that the reddish color
is replaced by stramineous.

New Haven, 30 July, 4 August, 1909 (B. H. W.).

Eubadlzon Nees.

E. lithocoUetidis Viereck.

Length 2 mm. ; head, thorax, and abdomen stramineous tinged
with brown ; antennae brownish ; legs paler than the body except
the apical joints of the tarsi, which are blackish ; stigma stramin-
eous; veins dark; exserted portion of the ovipositor as long as
the abdomen or nearly as long.

West Hartford, 29 August, 1904 (H. L. V.).

E. americanus Cresson.

Length 4.5-5 mm. ; black ; shining ; mandibles and palpi pale
stramineous ; antennae brown-black ; tegulae and basal wing veins
pale honey-yellow ; wings faintly dusky ; legs, including coxae,
honey-yellow ; tarsi and hind tibiae, except at base, blackish ;
exserted portion of ovipositor longer than the body.

Brachistes Wesmael.
Calyptus Authors, not Haliday.

B. tibiator (Cresson).

Length 2.5 mm. ; black, shining ; clypeus, except at base, and
mandibles fulvous; palpi white; antennae brown to black above,
fulvo-stramineous beneath; tegulae and veins at base of wings
honey-yellow ; wings hyaline ; legs mostly pale luteous.

Parasitic on the strawberry weevil (Anthonomus signatus).

222 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

B. magdali (Cresson).

Length 3.5-5 mm. ; black and shining ; tegulse, base of anten-
nae, palpi and legs stramineous; exserted portion of the oviposi-
tor as long as the abdomen.

Parasitic on the weevil {Magdalis olyra).

Blacus Nees.

°B. lactucaphis (Fitch), Aphidius lactucaphis Fitch.
Male: length 1.5 mm.; castaneous and shining except as fol-
lows; mouth mostly stramineous, antennae and legs mostly
brownish ; abdomen blackish apically ; propodeum and first dor-
sal abdominal segment rugulose or reticulated.

Meteorus Haliday.

The species of this genus spin ovoid, brownish cocoons, from
which the adult emerges at one end by pushing off a cap that
sometimes remains attached as if by a hinge after the emergence
of the imago ; the opposite end is in some species provided with a
long silken thread which serves to suspend the cocoon from a
twig or some other support out of harm's way.

Key to Species.

1. First dorsal abdominal segment with a fossa on each side

between spiracles and base of petiole; greatest diameter
of lateral ocellus equal or very nearly equal to ocellocular
line, or at least more than half as long as ocellocular line,
ocelli large; dorsum of propodeum with only one kind of

sculpture 2

First dorsal abdominal segment without a fossa on each side
between spiracles and base of petiole 6

2. Lateral ocelli with greatest diameter not as long as ocell-

ocular line 3

Lateral ocelli with greatest diameter as long as ocellocular
line indagator

3. First dorsal abdominal segment striate down middle 4

First dorsal abdominal segment not striate down middle;

stigma pale only at base archipsidis

4. Narrowest part of petiole nearly parallel-sided, without a

prominent carina along its upper margin, and mostly

blackish 5

^ Narrowest part of petiole not at all parallel-sided, with a
• prominent carina along its upper margin, and mostly pale

communis

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 223

5. Postpetiole mostly pale; propodeum and scapulae stramineous

petiolariferus
Postpetiole black; propodeum and scapulae blackish . . . .pretiosus

6. Greatest diameter of lateral ocelli distinctly shorter than

ocellocular line 7

Greatest diameter of lateral ocelli at least as long as ocellocu-
lar line hyphantriae

7. Postpetiole distinctly, closely striate 8

Postpetiole indistinctly striate, some of the striae separated

by broad polished spaces vulgaris

8. Body more or less black or blackish q

Body almost entirely reddish stramineous exareolatus

9. Petiole stramineous or brownish stramineous versicolor

Petiole black dimidiatus

M. indagator (Riley).

Length 4.5 mm. ; propodeum black, as is the first abdorftinal
segment; tarsi, especially at their tips, slightly dusky; exserted
portion of ovipositor about as long as the abdomen.

A parasite bred from Acrobasis on barberry. New Haven,
27 June, 1913 (L. B. Ripley).

°M. archipsidis Viereck.
Parasitic on Archips argyrospila.
*M. communis (Cresson).

Tibiae and tarsi pale yellowish stramineous; propodeum with
no basal area, but with a median longitudinal ridge on the basal
half ; exserted portion of ovipositor about half the length of the
abdomen.

May be found throughout the state, where it has been taken
in June, July and October (H. W. W., H. L, V.). Parasitizes the
white-marked tussock moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma) ,
Pyrausta penitalis, Lithocolletis rohiniella and Datana integer-
rima.

*M. petiolariferus Viereck (new species).
Male: propodeum with a median longitudinal carina on the
basal half and a petiolarea on the apical half.

Type locality: Branford, 28 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*M. pretiosus Viereck (new species).
In color like communis except vertex and scapulae, which
are stained with blackish ; propodeum and petiole blackish ; an-
tennae brown.

224 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Type locality: Yalesville, where it was collected 19 October,
1903 (H. L. v.). Has also been taken in Cheshire, 8 July, 1904
(H. L. v.).

M. hyphantriae Riley.

Tips of hind tibiae dark ; propodeum blackish.

This is a primary parasite of the white-marked tussock moth
(Hemerocampa leucostigma) , also parasitic on the fall web
worm. Occurs throughout the state from July to September in-
clusive (H. L. v.). (See Fig. 247, Smith's "Insects of New
Jersey").

°M. vulgaris (Cresson).

Length 4 mm. ; propodeum and basal segment of abdomen
tinged with blackish, rest of abdomen brown ; thorax reddish ;
head and antennse brownish stramineous; legs stramineous;
wings clear.

Recorded as a parasite on Omphalocera cariosa and Tetra-
lopha platanella.

*M. exareolatus Viereck (new species).

Male. Type locality: Rockville, taken 23 August, 1905 (H.
L. v.).

°M. versicolor (Wesmael).

Parasitic on the brown-tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhcea) ,
and has been imported from Europe into the State of Massa-
chusetts to combat this species.

M. dimidiatus (Cresson).

Head partly, thorax almost wholly black or blackish ; basal
and apical third of abdomen black or blackish; middle third of
abdomen and legs usually mostly stramineous.

Specimens taken in Connecticut by the writer indicate that
this species occurs throughout the state from June to August in-
clusive. It is recorded as a parasite of Feltia suhgothica.

Euphorus Nees.

Key to Species.

Length 3 mm; black; face dull, pubescent with silvery hairs;
clypeus and mandibles mostly reddish; greater part of
legs pale stramineous; wings clear; abdomen partly brown-
ish mellipes

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 22$

Length 4 mm; black; head pale yellowish red; occiput and a
spot enclosing ocelli black; antennae entirely black; legs
dull reddish, coxae black, tips of hind tibiae and more or
less of hind tarsi dusky; wings faintly dusky, veins and
stigma fuscous; abdomen rufo-piceous sculptus

E. mellipes Cresson. Peristenus mellipes Ashmead.
West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°E. sculptus Cresson. Dinocampus sculptus Ashmead.
Parasitic on the adult of Megilla fuscUabris.

Dinocampus Foerster.

*D. pyri Viereck (new species).
Length 3 mm. ; head brownish stramineous, except face,
which is yellowish ; antennae dark brown, scape, however, brown-
ish stramineous in front ; thorax black or blackish, prothorax
brownish ; tegulae brownish, costa brown, stigma, radius, and
greater part of transverse cubitus brownish stramineous, remain-
ing veins pale, membrane of wings clear; propodeum rugose,
with a short, median, longitudinal raised line on its basal fourth ;
in addition to this there is an imperfect areola, which is conflu-
ent with an equally imperfect petiolarea ; legs stramineous, tinted
with brown, apical tarsal joint and claws dark brown ; petiole of
abdomen black or blackish, color of the rest of the abdomen
merging from blackish to brownish stramineous, exserted portion
of ovipositor nearly half the length of the abdomen.

Type locality : New Haven, collected 26 May, 1904, on flowers
of the chokeberry {Pyrus arbutifolia) (H. L. V.).

D. americanus Riley.

Length 3.5 mm.; black; antennae dark, pedicel and first joint
of flagel sometimes yellowish ; head mostly fulvous ; mid and
hind coxse black, remainder of legs mostly stramineous ; wings
hyaline, stigma dark brown, veins somewhat lighter; abdomen
mostly dark fulvous to castaneous.

This species is parasitic upon the adults of two beneficial
lady-bird beetles, namely, Megilla fuscUabris (M. maculata), the
food of which includes pollen, fungus spores, plant lice, and
other soft insects, and Coccinella novemnotata, the species
reputed to be the most general feeder on plant lice of all kinds.

15

226 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Perilitus Nees.
This genus may be found in this State.

Orgilus Haliday.
Key to Species.

Length 3 mm.; honey-yellow; disk of propodeum and inter-
ocellar area black; flagel dusky brownish; a spot at apex of
hind femora, hind tibiae except a white annulus at base,
and hind tarsi, fuscous; wings hyaline, stigma and veins
brown kearfotti

Length 4 mm.; black; scape brown in front, flagel very dark
brown, mandibles brown, but paler than scape in front;
fore and mid coxse mostly brownish red, hind coxae
mostly black, tipped with brownish red; femora brownish
red, apical half of hind pair mostly blackish; fore tibiae
concolorous with fore femora, mid tibiae reddish brown,
but with apical third dusky; hind tibiae mostly dusky or
blackish; tarsi more or less dusky, those of hind legs
blackish; wings tinged with brown, costa blackish, re-
maining veins blackish stramineous, basal and median
veins of front wings darker than the rest; abdomen
with a reddish lateral margin to second dorsal segment

and a basal reddish margin to third dorsal segment

detectifomiis

*'0. kearfotti Ashmead.
Bred from the moth Recurvaria juniperella.
*0. detectiformis Viereck (new species).
Male : length 4 mm.

Type locality: Scotland, where the type was taken on 10
August, 1905 (B. H. W.). Paratype, West Thompson, 12 July,
1905 (H. L. v.).

Bassus Fabricius.

Microdus Authors, not Nees.

Key to Species.

1. Body almost entirely black. Length 3.5 mm. 2

Body not almost entirely black 3

2. First and second dorsal abdominal segments brownish; coxae

black; rest of fore and mid legs brownish stramineous;

hind legs black, except a white annulus near base of their

tibiae and a wide white annulus in middle of same; ex-

•'Serted portion of ovipositor a little longer than abdomen

pyrifolii

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 22^

Abdomen above practically entirely black; legs stramineous
except tibiae and tarsi of hind pair, the former of which
is mostly yellowish with two brown annuli, and the latter
brown except base of first tarsal joint, which has a yel-
lowish annulus; exserted portion of ovipositor nearly twice
length of abdomen earinoides

3. Thorax mostly black 4

Thorax not mostly black but black and red; abdomen prac-
tically entirely reddish 1 1

4. Abdomen reddish 5

Abdomen not unicolorous 6

5. Length 3.5 mm.; legs black, except brownish articulations,

and tarsi and hind femora, which are reddish (male) ....

erythrogaster
Length 6 mm.; legs black; propodeum black; metapleurae
partly reddish; ovipositor much longer than body ..perforator

6. Head and legs mostly pale; wings fuscous 7

Head mostly or entirely black; legs mostly pale 8

7. Length 4 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor 4 mm. long;

legs, except tarsi and hind tibiae, mostly brownish, hind
tibiae with a dark brown annulus near their base and with
their apical third dark brown; dorsum of abdomen black,
except apical third of first and second segments, which

is yellowish stramineous brittoni

Length 3.5 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor 2 mm. long;
legs as in brittoni, but pale parts yellowish stramineous
and hind femora with all but middle third dark brown;
dorsum of abdomen blackish, except second and fourth
segments and apical fourth of abdomen, which are yel-
lowish to brownish stramineous discolor

8. Legs as in agilis, as described in paragraph below, except as

noted in paragraphs 9 and 10 9

Legs mostly reddish to yellowish stramineous, tarsi of mid-
dle and hind legs mostly brown, hind tibiae brownish stra-
mineous, but with apical fourth brown and with a brown
annulus near their bases; wings pale yellowish; dorsum
of abdomen reddish, except apical third, which is black;
length 5.5 mm; exserted portion of ovipositor 5 mm.
long agilis

9. Legs colored nearly as in annulipes " 10

Tarsi of middle legs stramineous; wings pale brownish; ab-
domen with basal third dark reddish brown or blackish,

its middle third brownish stramineous, its apical third
blackish; length 4 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor 4

mm. long annulipes

10. Wings nearly as in annulipes; dorsum of abdomen blackish,
except second segment, which is reddish brown; length
4 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor 3 mm. long . . winkleyi

228 ^ CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Wings pale, tinged with blackish; dorsum of abdomen with
its basal fourth blackish, as is apical half of succeeding
portion, rest brownish stramineous; length of body and
ovipositor as in annulipes as stated above waldeni

11. Propodeura reddish IB

Propodeum black; reddish color of thorax confined to meta-

pleurae; legs mostly black, except hind coxse and femora
which are red; wings fuscous. Length 5 mm. (male)....

rugareolatus

12. Reddish color of thorax confined to metapleurse 13

Reddish color of thorax not confined to metapleurse 14

13. Hind legs as in rugareolatus, except tibiae and tarsi, which

are brown; wings fuscous; length 10 mm.; exserted portion

of ovipositor as long as body .- sanctus

Hind legs reddish, except tibiae and tarsi, which are brown;
wings fuscous; length 6 mm.; exserted portion of oviposi-
tor 5 mm. long simillimus

14. Thorax mostly reddish; legs dark brown, except hind coxae

and femora, which are reddish; wings fuscous; length 8.5
mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor 11 mm. long ....imitatus
Thorax reddish, except dorsulum,which is black, and scufcel
and propleurae, which are blackish; legs mostly black, hind
coxae reddish, their femora mostly brown; wings fuscous;
length 4 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor 5 mm. long

buttricki

B. (Euagathis?) sanctus Say. Scudder, Butterflies of New
England, Vol. iii, PI. 88, Fig. 10.

There are at least two hosts of this species, as follows: the
skipper (Nisoniades) Thanaos juvenalis, the larvae of which feed
on wild beans and other legumes and on oak; and another skip-
per, PhoUsora catullus, the larvae of which are known to devour
goosefoot or pigweed {Chenopodium) and amaranth {Amaran-
tus) .

New Haven, 28 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.).

B. (Bassus) discolor Cresson.

Branford, 22 August, 1904 (H. W. W.).

B. (B.) agilis Cresson.

Has been bred from the larva of Pyrausta theseusalis, P.
futilalis, Aristotelia absconditella, Archips rileyana, and A.
infumatana.

West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.) ; Branford, 29 July,
1904 (P. L. B.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 229

*B. (B.) brittoni Viereck (new species).

Type locality: New Haven, 23 Augtist, 1906 (W. E. B.).
*B. (B.) pyrifolii Viereck (new species).
Type locality: New Haven, where the type was collected on
pear leaves, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).
°B. (B.) simillimus Cresson.

On record as a parasite of Eucosma strenuana and Lixus
scrohicollis.

^B. (B.) imitatus Cresson.

°B. (B.) earinoides Cresson.

On record as a parasite of Tmetocera ocellana, Coleophora
cinerellaf, and Exartema malanum.

°B. (B.) perforator ( Provancher) . Agathis perforator Pro-
vamcher.

B. (B.) annulipes Cresson.

Branford, 22 August, 1904 (H. W. W.) ; var., Sachem's
Head, i August, 1904, on flowers of parsnip (Pastinaca sativa)
(H. L. v.).
*B. (B.) winkleyi Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Scotland, 10 August, 1905 (B. H. W.).
*B. (B.) waldeni Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Scotland, 10 August, 1905 (B. H. W.).
*B. (Lytopylus) buttricki Viereck (new species) .
New Haven, 16 August, 1904 (P. L. B.).
*B. (L.) erythrogaster Viereck. ^rophilopsis.
Stafford, 24 August, 1905, on flowers of goldenrod (W.
E. B.).

*B. (L.) rugareolatus Viereck (new species).
Type locality: New Haven, taken 12 September, 1904 (B.
H. W.).

Earinus Wesmael.
°E. limitaris Say.

Length 7.5 mm. ; black, with legs mostly reddish stramineous ;
hind tarsi brown, their tibiae with the apical half brown, the basal
half mostly yellowish, with a brown annulus ; wings pale, with a
brownish tinge; exserted portion of ovipositor as long as the
abdomen.

230 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Bracon Panzer.
Key to Species.

1. Wings with a triangular areolet 2

Wings with a quadrangular areolet 4

2. Reddish; wings fuscous; front vertex and occiput mostly-

black 3

Black; fore and mid femora partly, their tibiae and their tarsi
wholly, brownish stramineous; hind femora brownish
stramineous at tip, their tibiae dark brown, with the ex-
ception of nearly all of the basal two-thirds, which is
brownish stramineous except for brownish annulus near
the base; wings fuscous. Length 2 mm. (male) . . . .solidaginis

3. Legs blackish, hind coxae partly reddish, their femora red-

dish, blackish at base; dorsum of thorax stained with
black; length 3 mm. (male and female); exserted portion

of ovipositor 3 mm. long sassacus

Fore and mid legs blackish, except coxae, which are reddish,
and femora, which are partly brownish stramineous; hind
legs reddish, except tibiae and tarsi, which are dark; dor-
sum of thorax reddish throughout (male) branfordensls

4. Thorax black or red, or black with metapleurae and pro-

podeum partly red 5

Thorax black and red; black or blackish, except metapleurae
and propodeum, hind legs (with exception of trochanters,
base and apex of tibiae, and all tarsi, which are black or
blackish) and abdomen, all of which are red or reddish;
wings fuscus; length i mm; exserted portion of ovipositor
3 mm, long semirubra

5. Thorax red; abdomen red; prosternum, fore and mid coxae

and trochanters, fore and mid femora at base, hind fem-
ora at apex, their tibiae at base and apical half, and the hind
tarsr, black or blackish; rest of hind tibiae brown; wings
fuscous; length 7 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor

3.5 mm. long haematodes

Thorax black, or with metapleurae and propodeum partly red 6

6. Abdomen black, except a reddish mark on each side of first

segment; exserted portion of ovipositor more than 4 mm.
long; legs more or less blackish yellow; wings blackish,
with a rudimentary hyaline band in middle; length 4 mm.;

thorax black tibiator

Abdomen red; propodeum partly reddish; wings blackish;
fore and mid legs black; hind legs reddish, with tro-
chanters, bases and apices of tibiae and tarsi black; ex-
serted portion of ovipositor shorter than the body, which
is 7.5 mm. long liberator

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 23I

*B. (Agathis) sassacus Viereck (new species).
Visits flowers of goldenrod. Type locality: Stafford, 24
August, 1905 (W. E. B.). Another locality: Westbrook, 30
August, 1904 (H. L. v.).

*B. (A.) solidaginis Viereck (new species).
Type locality : Stafford, 24 August, 1905, on flowers of gold-
enrod (W. E. B.).

*B. (A.) branfordensis Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Branford, 16 September, 1904 (H. W. W.).
°B. (Bracon) haematodes Brulle.
°B. (B.) tibiator Provancher.
°B. (B.) liberator Brulle.

B. (B.) semirubra Brulle.

East Hartford, 9 August, 1904 (P. L. B.).

Ascogaster Wesmael.
Key to Species.

I. First discoidal cell of fore wings sessile 2

First discoidal cell of front wings petiolate 3

3. Black; antennae black at apex, red at base; wings hyaline,
more or less obscure in middle; legs red, with apex of hind
femora, apex of hind tibiae and tarsi black; abdomen with
a reddish mark at base above, venter reddish to stramine-
ous. Length 4 mm provancheri

3. Black; antennae and legs mostly yellow; mouth stramineous,
clypeus apically reddish, palpi whitish; wings transparent,
tinted with brown, stigma and veins brown; hind femora
and tibiae with apical third of former and apical half of

latter brown, hind tarsi brown. Length 3.5 mm

provancheri var. pallidicornis
Black; antennae mostly brown, scape stramineous; legs mostly
black; mandibles mostly stramineous, clypeus black; palpi
blackish; propodeum with four prominent angular projec-
tions; wings transparent tinged with brown carpocapsae

°A. provancheri Dalla Torre.

*A. provancheri var. pallidicornis Viereck (new variety).
Type locality: Connecticut. Probably collected at Farming-
ton by Norton.

°A. carpocapsae (Viereck).
Parasitic on the codling moth {Carpocapsa pomonella).

232 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [Bull.

Cheloniis Jurine.

Mostly black in color.

Key to Species.

1. Abdomen above entirely black, except pubescence, which is

silvery 2

Abdomen above not entirely black 5

2. Length 5 mm. or less 3

Length 7 mm.; mandibles mostly brownish, palpi brown;

most of fore and mid femora, nearly all of their tibiaj
and tarsi, greater part of hind metatarsi, and basal two-
thirds of hind tibiae, brownish stramineous sericeus

3. Hind femora not mostly black 4

Hind femora entirely or almost entirely black; fore and

mid femora partly blackish, tipped with brownish yellow,
fore and mid tibiae brownish stramineous, hind tibiae with
basal and apical third mostly dusky, middle third mostly
yellowish with an admixture of brown. Length 3.5 mm.

fissus

4. Base of antennae pale yellow; legs pale yellow, except tips

of tarsi, which are dusky; mandibles yellowish; palpi white;
wings hyaline, pale yellowish at base, veins fuscous, .basilaris
Antennae black throughout, mandibles castaneous tipped with
dusky, palpi dark brown; wings smoky, blackish at base,
veins black; femora and tibiae mostly reddish, except as
follows: mid and hind tibiae and hind femora each with
apical third or more duskj'; coxae, trochanters and tarsi
blackish. Length 4-5 mm. (female) sassacus

5. Abdomen with two yellow areas at base above 6

Abdomen with a pale yellow band occupying basal third of its

dorsum; length 3 mm.; palpi yellow; wings hyaline, stigma
black; fore and mid legs stramineous, with their tarsi
brownish black; hind legs black; trochanters, femora at
base, and an annulus on their tibiae, stramineous; abdomen
with two longitudinal carinae on basal third of dorsum ....

basicinctus

6. Palpi dark brown or blackish; legs colored practically as in

sassacus except tarsi, which are mostly brownish to dusky
with hind metatarsi yellowish tipped with brown. Length

3-4 mm. (female) konkaputus

Palpi stramineous, pale; legs practically as in preceding
species except second joint of hind tarsi, which is mostly
yellowish and tipped with a brown annulus, as are hind
metatarsi; abdomen with a maroon-colored dot on each

side of apical fifth of its carapace-like shield (male)

mysticorum

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 233

°C. (Chelonus) sericeus (Say).
*C. (C.) konkaputus Viereck (new species).
Type locality : New Haven, 4, 6 July, 1904.

*C. (C.) sassacus Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Woodmont, 9 July, 1904 (P. L. B.).

°C. (C?) basilaris Say.
C. (Chelonella) fissus Provancher.

Stafford, 24 August, 1905, on flowers of goldenrod; West-
ville, 4 July, 1904 (W. E. B.) ; New Haven, 20 July, 1904 (B.
H. W.).

°C. (C.) basicinctus Provancher.

*C. mysticorum Viereck (new species).
Type locality: New Haven, 20 July, 1905 (B. H. W.).

Sigalphus Latreille.
SphcBropyx Illiger.

S. bicolor (Cresson). Phanerotoma hicolor Cresson.

Length 6.5-7 n^'^- J black ; wings strongly brownish ; propo-
deum stramineous, red or black ; abdomen red and with two dis-
tinct parallel carinse on its first dorsal segment; propodeum also
with two distinct parallel carinas.

Mt. Carmel, 23 June, 1902, one specimen of the variety with
black propodeum (E. J. S. M.). Parasites emerging in March
and April, 1912, from a larva, probably of the genus Hetero-
campa/ collected at Yalesville, 12 October, 191 1 (W. E. B.). •

Phanerotoma Wesmael.
°P. tibialis Haldeman.

Length 4 mm. ; dark fuscous ; head, mesonotum, first and sec-
ond dorsal abdominal segments in their middle, ovipositor be-
neath, and legs, flavous ; antenna yellowish, their base and apex
pale fuscous; ovipositor exserted.
Parasitic on Grapholitha caryana.

Urosigalphus Ashmead.

Key to Species.
Apex of abdomen with two processes farther apart than they
'. are long; fore and mid legs mostly brown or brownish;

234 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

hind coxae, trochanters, and femora black or blackish, their
tibiae pale brown beneath, dark brown above, their tarsi
dark brown or dusky; exserted portion of ovipositor nearly
as long as abdomen; rest of body mostly black or entirely

black. Length 2.5 mm. (female) mohawkorum

Apex of abdomen without processes; head and thorax mostly
black; coxae and trochanters brown; fore and mid legs
mostly brownish stramineous, hind legs with rather red-
dish femora and rather dusky tibiae and tarsi; abdomen
.a kind of maroon color throughout; exserted portion of
ovipositor nearly two-thirds length of abdomen. Length
3.5 mm. (female) ". wampanoagorum

*U. mohawkorum Viereck (new species).
Related to U. femoratus Crawford.
Type locality: New Haven, 6 July, 1904 (H. L. V.).

*U, wampanoagorum Viereck (new species).
Related to U. robiistus Ashmead.
Type locality: New Haven, 19 July, 1904 (P. L. B.).

Triaspis Haliday.
Sigalphus Authors, not Latreille.

°T. curculionis (Fitch).

Length 3.7-4 mm. ; black ; labrum and mandibles brown, palpi
pale yellowish ; antennae with scape and pedicel reddish, re-
mainder of antennae black or dark brown; joints three to ten of
antennae sometimes with a reddish tinge; legs pale reddish, with
the upper part of hind tibiae and tarsi and sometimes the hind
femora dusky; wings subhyaline, veins pale reddish, stigma
black ; ovipositor longer than the abdomen.

Larva white with translucent yellowish mottlings. Pupa
whitish, length 4.2 mm. ; cocoons composed of one layer of closely
woven yellow silk.

Parasitic on the plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar) and
on the potato-stalk weevil. (For an illustration see Chittenden,
"Insects Injurious to Vegetables," p. 223, Fig. 143.)
°T. curculionis, var. rufa Riley.

Head, thorax, and most of first abdominal segment entirely
reddish ; mid and hind tibiae dusky ; ovipositor three times as
long as the abdomen.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 235

Epirhyssalus Ashmead.

*E. atriceps (Ashmead). Rhyssalus.

Length 2.5 mm. ; head black ; antennae mostly dark brown,
first, second and third joints more or less brownish stramineous
©r pale brown ; palpi stramineous with a brownish cast, mandibles
castaneous ; thorax and propodeum reddish, with a strong black-
ish cast on dorsum of propodeum; legs stramineous, except the
tarsi which are more or less dusky; wings transparent, with a
stramineous stigma, veins darker; abdomen reddish to apex of
third dorsal segment, black beyond and mostly blackish ventrally ;
exserted portion of ovipositor nearly half the length of the ab-
domen or a little longer ; sometimes paler and smaller.

Parasitic on Ar chips rosaceana.

Type locality: New Haven, 4, 7, 14 May, 1904 (H. L. V.), on
flowers of gooseberry {Rihes oxyacanthoides) . One male 1.7
mm. long from Branford, 28 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Aleiodes Wesmael.

Rogas Authors, not Nees.

Type: A. heterogaster Wesmael.

Wings hyaline, more or less tinged with brown.

Key to Species.

1. Body mostly black; fore and mid legs reddish 2

Body mostly reddish or stramineous 5

2. Hind coxae, hind trochanters and femora, except tips of latter,

reddish 3

Hind legs reddish throughout 4

3. First and second dorsal abdominal segments reddish; anten-

nae fuscous; hind tibiae with greater part of basal half

yellowish or whitish. Length 6-8 mm terminalis

Antennae black; hind tibiae with greater part of basal two-
thirds reddish brown; mid and hind tarsi dusky; greater
part of first, second, and third dorsal abdominal segments
reddish. Length 7.5 mm. (male) waldeni

4. Abdomen reddish, its apex more or less blackish. Length

8 mm abdominalis

Abdomen with its first, second, and third dorsal segments
reddish, its apex black; dorsum of abdomen covered with
dense silvery pubescence. Length 7-8 mm lectus

5. Color of body not as in parasiticus 6

Head, propodeum, apex of abdomen, and tips of hind femora

and tibiae black. Length 6 mm parasiticus

236 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

6. Color of body yellowish 7

Color of body dull or bright reddish 8

7. Color of body varied with blackish red; propodeum, part of

pleurae, first dorsal abdominal segment except at tip, and
sides of second and third dorsal abdominal segments, black.

Length 4-5 mm intermedius

Color of body dull honey-yellow, more or less varied with
fuscous; third and fourth dorsal abdominal segments acic-
ulated; eyes almost circular, not at all emarginate. Length
6 mm aciciUatus

8. Dull reddish, thorax sometimes varied with fuscous; anten-

nae of female pale stramineous, of male black, with a
broad yellowish annulus; only base of third dorsal abdom-
inal segment aciculated; eyes ovate, scarcely emarginate

within. Length 7-9 mm burrus

Bright reddish, antennae dusky; third dorsal abdominal seg-
ment not aciculated; eyes elongate, distinctly emarginate
within. Length 7 mm rileyi

*A. parasiticus Norton.

Parasitic on Diprion abietis.
*A. burrus Cresson.

, Parasitic on Apatelfl hast a and A. lobelia.
*A. waldeni Viereck (new species).

Type locality: Stonington, 16 May, 1906 (B. H. W.).
°A. rileyi Cresson.

Parasitic on Apatela oblinita and Nephelodes violans.
°A. aciculatus Cresson.
°A. intermedius Cresson.

Parasitic on the American tent-caterpillar, (Clisiocampa)
Malacosoma americana, Apatela oblinita, A. americana, A.
hastilifera and A. dactylina.

°A. lectus Cresson.
A. terminalis Cresson.

Parasitic on {Leucania, Heliophila) Cirphis unipuncta and
Nephelodes violans.

New Haven, 23 July, 1912.

°A. abdominalis Cresson.

Hormius Nees.
H. completus Provancher.

Female: thorax brown, or reddish, only partly black, i. e.,
propodeum and sternum mostly black; rest of thorax stained

No. 22.] . HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 237

with black, or thorax mostly reddish ; head and most of abdomen
very dark brown ; the latter black at base, blackish beneath ;
mandibles castaneous ; palpi stramineous ; antennae mostly brown,
dusky apically ; legs stramineous ; wings transparent, tinted with
yellowish brown, stigma stramineous, veins darker ; exserted
portion of ovipositor about one-fourth the length of the abdo-
men; length 3 mm. Male: mouth brown; head mostly black;
otherwise as in the female.

Rockville, 23 August, 1905 (H. L. V.) ; New Haven, 31 Oc-
tober, 1903; Putnam, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Hecabolus Curtis.
Key to Species.

1. Predominating color stramineous (female and male) 2

Predominating color black or blackish. Female: length 1,5

mm.; face, pleurae, cheeks, and legs dull stramineous; an-
tennae pale; wings hyaline; veins and stigma pale fuscous;
base and extreme apex of abdomen brownish; ovipositor
with its exserted portion about as long as abdomen,
sheaths of ovipositor pale, tipped with black minimus

2. Length 1.5-3 mm. Female: cheeks paler than remainder

of head, tips of mandibles black, antennae fuscous, pale at
base; wings hyaline, iridescent, veins and stigma fuscous,
the latter conspicuous; legs, including coxs, stramineous,
ovipositor and sheaths stramineous, each tipped with black.
Male: head, mesothorax, scutel, and apical margins of
second and following abdominal segments blackish or
fuscous, mouth-parts dull stramineous; otherwise as in

female lycti

Length 2.25 mm. Female: vertex, eyes, mesothorax, and
scutel blackish; antennae slightly paler at base and be-
neath; wings hyaline, veins and stigma pale fuscous; legs,
including coxae, stramineous; tarsal claws black; third
dorsal abdominal segment and following segments with a
blackish tinge; exserted portion of ovipositor rather longer
than abdomen, blackish, basal half pale. Male: face and
sides of pleurae dusky; cheeks, pleurae beneath, and pro-
podeum dull stramineous; abdomen blackish at apex; other-
wise as in female utilis

°H. minimus Cresson.
Parasitic on the larva of Trogoxylon parallelopipedum.

238 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

°H. lycti Cresson.

Said to be a parasite on the larva of the powder-post beetle
(Lyctus striatus).
°H. utilis Cresson.

Heterospilus Haliday.

*H. eurostae Viereck (new species).

Female : length 2.5 mm. ; thorax mostly black, head and abdo-
men mostly brownish, the latter brownish stramineous down the
middle; first, second, basal half of third, and extreme base of
fourth dorsal abdominal segments striated, a suggestion of a
transverse furrow between the sculpture and smooth portion of
the third dorsal segment; antennae 26- jointed; ovipositor some-
what shorter than the abdomen ; related to H. aciculatus.

Type locality: Stonington, 26 April, 1906, reared from galls
of Eurosta solidaginis (B. H. W.).

Polystenidea Viereck.

*P. metacomet Viereck (new species).

Female: length 1.5 mm.; black; first and second joints of
antennae and mandibles brown, palpi blackish white ; legs stra-
mineous, hind tarsi rather dusky at tip, as is the tip of the hind
femora ; other tarsi colored about like the hind tarsi ; wings trans-
parent, stigma stramineous, veins darker; abdomen brownish
beneath ; ovipositor scarcely extending beyond the tip of the
abdomen.

Type locality: New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

MYERSIIDyE.
Thaumatotypidea Viereck.

Petiole much longer than the propodeum, the latter with a
more or less complete apical transverse carina.

*T. spinulata (Strickland). Thaumatotypus spinulatus Strick-
land.

Female : length 4 mm. ; blackish, with fuscous legs ; with more
or less erect, scattered hairs ; propodeum rather concave, with
the apical transverse carina developed into a prominent projec-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 239

tion on each side of the concavity ; first abdominal segment nearly
twice as long as the propodeum.

Type locality: New Haven, 20 May, 191 1 (A. B. C).

EVANIID^.*
Key to Genera.

1. Fore wings with but one recurrent vein in each wing 2

Fore wings with two recurrent veins in each wing 5

2. Fore wings, when at rest, folded longitudinally as in hornets

{Vespa); hind wings without a posterior lobe; abdomen
clavate and compressed; basal segment neither filiform
petiolate nor strongly contrasted in form to second seg-
ment (Gasteruptionin^) Gasteruption p. 239

Fore wings not folded; hind wings with an almost sepa-
rated posterior lobe; abdomen with its basal segment
filiform petiolate, strongly contrasted in form to the re-
maining segments, which latter together are compressed

from side to side, oval, triangular or nearly round

(EvANiiN^) 3

3. Fore wings each with a closed median cell 4

Fore wings each without a closed median cell Hyptia p. 240

4. Antennae inserted in a deep basin bordered below by a ridge.

Evania p. 240
Antennae not inserted in a deep basin and without a ridge be-
neath them Evaniella p. 241

5. Hind wings veinless excepting costa; claws simple

Patnmegischia p. 242
Hind wings with one or two closed cells; claws with two
or more teeth 6

6. Claws with three or more teeth beneath Pristaulacus p. 241

Claws with only two teeth beneath Odontaulacus p. 241

Gasteruption Latreille.
Fcenus Fabricius.

Species of this and an allied genus have been bred from
Crabro, Philanthus, Cerceris, Gorytes, Eumenes, Odynerus, Hy-
IcBUS, Halictus, Andrena, and still other wasps and bees.

Length 11-12 mm.; mostly black; wings hyaline and with
dark veins ; hind tibiae flattened, clavate.

• The keys to the subdivisions of this group are mostly from the published work
of Dr. J. Chester Bradley, our foremost American authority on this family.

240 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Key to Species.

1. Exserted portion of ovipositor shorter than thorax 2

Exserted portion of ovipositor equalling or exceeding ab-
domen in length tarsatorius

2. Medial mesothoracic lobe shagreened, not striate

montanus var. incertus
Medial mesothoracic lobe transversely rugose-striate. . .micrurus

G. tarsatorius Say.

Occurs all over the state, and has been taken in August on
flowers of goldenrod (H. L. V.).

G. montanus var. incertus Cresson.

This form has the same distribution in Connecticut as the pre-
ceding. It has been taken on parsnip flowers in July and August.

G. micrurus Kieffer.

New Haven, 30 July, 191 1 (A. B. C).

Hyptia Illiger.

H. harpyoidea Bradley.

Male antennae filiform, female antennae thickened, not fili-
form; metathoracic sides with close, parallel barring; length
5 mm. ; mostly black.

New Haven, 20 July, 1904 (B. H. W.).

Evania Fabricius.

Mostly black.

Key to Species.

1. Face nearly smooth, only inconspicuously and minutely punc-

tate 2

Face coarsely puncto-striate urbana

2. Dorsulum, on each side, with a Y-shaped impression . .laevigata
Dorsulum, on each side, with an I-shaped impression

appendigaster

°E. urbana Bradley.

°E. laevigata (Oliver?).

This, i.e., Olivier's species, is said to be an American species,
parasitic on the Oriental cockroach (Periplaneta orientalis). Dr.
J. C. Bradley believes that all species of Evania have been intro-
duced into this country. Olivier's Icevigata has generally beea
placed as a synonym of appendigaster.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 24I

E. appendigaster Linnaeus. Howard, Insect Book, PI. i,
Fig. I.

Has often been bred from the egg-capsules of the cock-
roaches.

Evaniella Bradley.

°E. semaeoda Bradley.

Entirely or almost entirely black ; somewhat more than 5 mm.
long; face sparingly punctate; thorax densely and coarsely punc-
tate.

Pristaulacus Kieffer.
Key to Species.

1. Claws with four teeth beneath 2

Claws with only three teeth beneath; anterior border of pro-
thorax rounded, toothless 4

2. Anterior border of prothorax rounded, toothless; thorax

not hunched; wings mostly violaceous and with a yellow

hyaline band beneath stigma fasciatus

Anterior margin of prothorax toothed, or with a distinct spine 3

3. Medial mesothoracic lobe strongly gibbous niger

Medial mesothoracic lobe not strongly gibbows flavicrurus

4. Body longer or shorter than in subfirtnus, and legs differently

colored 5

Length 13.5 mm.; legs black subfirmus

5. Femora fuscous 6

Femora red; length 16 mm.; rest of legs fulvous resutorivorus

6. Length 14.5 mm.; legs rufous abbotti

Length 10 mm.; legs yellow stigmaterus

°P. (Neaulacus) fasciatus (Say).

'P. (Pristaulacus) niger (Shuckard).

'P. (P.) flavicrurus (Bradley).

'P. (Oleisoprister) subfirmus (Viereck).

'P. (O.) resutorivorus (Westwood).

'P. (O.) abbotti (Westwood).

'P. (O.) stigmaterus (Cresson).

01

Odontaulacus Kieflfer.
Key to Species.

Abdomen with second segment and apex of first dull claret-
red, rest black; hind femora and tibiae dark brown . .bilobatus

Abdomen red; fore and mid legs reddish, femora dark brown

abdominalis
16

242 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

O. bilobatus (Provancher).
O. abdominalis (Cresson).

Pammegischia Provancher.

Key to Species.

1. Vertex not at all transversely wrinkled; medial mesothoracic

lobe not emarginate anteriorly ' 2

Vertex transversely wrinkled or reticulate 3

2. Frontal crest distinct; vertex punctate, more especially below;

second joint of antennae as long as third; thorax stained
with brown; legs brown and pallid; abdomen and head

tawny. Length 4 mm lovei

Frontal crest indistinct; vertex polished and almost impunc-
tate; second joint of antennae two-thirds as long as third;
reddish tawny all over except apex of propodeum, which
is brownish. Length 16.5 mm ouelleti

3. Vertex transversely wrinkled, especially below, the wrinkles

somewhat broken; occiput not distinctly wrinkled 4

Vertex coarsely and deeply reticulate all over; occiput smooth
and polished; black; basal half of abdomen, except extreme
base of petiole, red; legs brown, tibiag and knees pale ashmeadi

4. Body black and red; legs more or less yellow... 5

Body tawny all over except sutures of thorax above, or

entire thorax and vertex black. Length 10 mm burquei

5. Legs, beyond coxae, and face, tawny. Length 5 mm pallipes

Legs beyond coxae brown; fore tibiae and tarsi and hind tarsi

tawny. Length 7.5 mm xiphydriae

°P. lovei Ashmead.
°P. ouelleti Bradley.
°P. ashmeadi Bradley.
°P. burquei Provancher.

Bred by Dr. A. D. Hopkins from dead branches of hard maple
infested by Xiphydria abdominalis (albicornis) .

°P. pallipes Cresson.

°P. xiphydriae Ashmead.

Dr. J. C. Bradley thinks this must be the female of pallipes.
The species was bred from Xiphydria provancheri living in birch
twigs.

TRIGONALID^.

The habits of n»ne of the North American species belonging
to the family Trigonalidae are known, but the habits of some of

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 243

the South American species as well as of some of the European
species have been partially worked out, and indicate that the
species belonging to this family are either parasites on the larvae
of Vespids, or hyperparasites of the Vespids, attacking the Dip-
terous parasites of the latter.

Key to Genera.

Second cubital cell petiolate, triangular in outline

Lycogaster p. 243
Second cubital cell not petiolate or triangular in outline

Trigonalys p. 243

Lycogaster Schuckard.

L. pullatus var. hollensis Melander and Brues.
Almost entirely black, with the subtegular tubercule yellow.
Length ii mm.

New Haven, July 20, 1904 (W. E. B.).

Trigonalys Westwood.
°T. sulcata Davis.
Black, marked with yellow ; scutellum yellow. Length 7 mm.

T. (Tapinogonalos) pulchellus Cresson.

Black, with whitish marks, excepting the abdomen and legs
which are largely yellowish, and the antennae which are black
except for a whitish annulus.

ICHNEUMONID^.

Key to Genera.

1. Wings present 2

Wings wanting Gelis p. 327

2. Fore wings with first abscissa of cubitus present, first sub-

marginal cell not confluent with first discoidal cell 3

Fore wings with first abscissa of cubitus wanting, first sub-
marginal cell confluent with first discoidal cell 4

3. Fore wings without transverse cubiti and with only one sub-
marginal cell, the latter open Praon p. 259

Fore wings with two transverse cubiti and three submar-
ginal cells, the first and second closed Ephedrus p. 258

4. Fore wings with two recurrent veins S

Fore wings without recurrent veins or with only one recur-
rent vein Aphidius p. 259

5. First abdominal segment usually straight in profile, its spira-

cles placed at or before the middle; if, as is rarely the

244 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

case, they are behind the mfddle, then abdomen com-
pressed or club-shaped 6

First abdominal segment bent or curved toward its apex
in profile, abdomen pedunculate and wider than thick, or
depressed 8

6. Ovipositor, when exserted, not nearly half the length of ab-

domen, rarely longer than this, sometimes not at all ex-
serted 7

Ovipositor, when exserted, at least nearly half the length of
abdomen, which is sessile or subsessile and depressed;
when abdomen is subsessile or pedunculate, as is rarely
the case, then head is spherical or cubical; areolet triangu-
lar or wanting, rarely pentangular 99

7. Abdomen compressed throughout or with posterior half com-

pressed, petiolate, rarely sessile or subsessile; areolet in
form of a triangle, trapezium, rhomboid or trapezoid, or
else wanting; face in most genera covered with short,

dense, appressed, sericeous pubescence 9

Abdomen usually broader than thick, or depressed through-
out, largest toward apex, which is often subcompressed
in female; elongate, fusiform, sessile or petiolate, in the
latter case never with areolet pentangular; areolet irregular,
triangular, or wanting, rarely pentangular 49

8. Exserted portion of ovipositor elongate, rarely but slightly

exserted; spiracles of first abdominal segment as a rule
nearer to each other than to apex of segment, which is in
some genera scarcely broader than more basal portion of
segment; areolet pentangular, quadrangular or incomplete;
wings sometimes imperfect; sternauli usually well devel-
oped; gastrocoeli subobsolete or faint, or else entirely ab-
sent I20

Ovipositor not, or only slightly exserted; basal half or two-
thirds of first abdominal segment slender, its apex gener-
ally much expanded, its spiracles nearer to the apex than
to each other; base of second abdominal segment almost
always with lateral foveas or gastrocoeli; areolet pentangu-
lar; sternauli and notauli usually wanting, never well devel-
oped 128

9. Cubitodiscoidal cell receiving only one recurrent vein 10

Cubitodiscoidal cell receiving two or both recurrent veins;

mid tibiae with two apical spurs; propodeum smooth or

punctate 48

10. Abdomen sessile or subsessile, or, if subpetiolate, petiole
not compressed but depressed; areolet rhomboidal; tarsi

slender H

Abdomen usually petiolate, sessile or subsessile only in a
few genera M

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 245

11. Tarsal claws pectinate in one or both sexes; abdomen sub-

sessile; spiracles of propodeum linear; third discoidal cell
not or but slightly narrowed at base, cubitodiscoidal vein
straight and not broken by a ramellus; abdomen wider
than thick or depressed in male, acuminate and acutely
pointed at tip in female, with an oblique impressed line
on each side of segments two to four above; scutel un-
armed; body smooth and polished; hind femora short and
robust, tarsal claws in male pectinate, in female toothed
near tip; second joint of hind trochanters swollen at tip

beneath; eyes not emarginated Ceratogastra p. 273

Tarsal claws not pectinate; abdomen subpetiolate; spiracles
of propodeum oval; eyes entire; third discoidal cell nar-
rowed at base, cubitodiscoidal vein much curved up-
ward, and generally with a ramellus arising from it before
its middle Exetastes p. 274

12. Hind femora without a tooth beneath 13

Hind femora with a tooth beneath; areolet wanting; hind

trochanters shorter than their coxae Pristomerus p. 274

13. Marginal cell subtriangular or almost trapezoidal 14

Marginal cell lanceolate; median and submedian cells of fore

wings not confluent 16

14. Spiracles of first dorsal abdominal segment situated beyond

or back of the middle 15

Spiracles of first dorsal abdominal segment situated before
the middle Orthopelma p. 275

15. Antennas remote from each other at the point of insertion;

sternum wider than long; propodeum shorter than thick
or high, third discoidal cell rectangular, scarcely narrowed

at base; cubitodiscoidal vein straight Porizon p. 275

Antennae not remote from each other at the point of inser-
tion; sternum longer than broad, propodeum scarcely or
only a little longer than thick or high; third discoidal cell
more or less narrowed at base; cubitodiscoidal vein
arched above Porizonidea p. 275

16. Spiracles of propodeum round 17

Spiracles of propodeum usually oval or elongate 42

17. Areolet small, subtriangular, subpentangular or wanting. ... 18
Areolet large, rhomboidal; ovipositor and male cerci ex-

serted Mesochorus p. 277

18. Clypeus with a suture or depression between it and face . 19
Clypeus with an imperfect suture between it and face, or

completely fused with the latter 20

19. Abdomen sessile or subsessile, more or less broader than

thick or depressed; areolet oblique or wanting

Plectiscidea p. 275

246 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [BuU.

Abdomen petiolate, compressed throughout, ovipositor
straight; areolet wanting Cremastus p. 277

20. Propodeum not overlapping hind coxae to end of basal third

of latter; mesosternum without a process on each side of
mesosulcus or median longitudinal furrow of mesosternum;
propodeal spiracles round or nearly round, or if elliptical
then without a foveolate furrow on each side of the petiole 21
Propodeum overlapping hind coxae at least to the end of basal
third of the latter Casinaria p. 268

21. Eyes not distinctly hairy; not distinctly converging below in

female 22

Eyes distinctly hairy, distinctly converging below in female

Cymodusa p. 262

22. Clypeus truncate or rounded along anterior edge, the latter

edge not produced medially; recurrent vein usually re-
ceived beyond middle of areolet 23

Clypeus with its anterior edge medially produced into a
more or less distinct tooth, or with the same edge im-
pressed on each side of middle; recurrent vein received
before middle of areolet; first abscissa of discoidal vein
usually distinctly longer than second; nervellus angulated
below middle Sagaritis p. 262

23. Areolet normally wanting 24

Areolet normally present 26

24. Nervellus angulated below middle 25

Nervellus not angulated, vertical; head not at all cubical,

occipital carina at least as far below level of lower edge
of hind ocelli as hind ocelli are from each other; lower
angle of marginal cell not almost a right angle; costulas

incomplete or wanting; claws pectinate

Campoplex (Dioctes) p. 266
25. Longitudinal axis of thorax not appreciably longer than ver-
tical axis; petiole without a fossa on each side

Campoplex p. 263
Longitudinal axis of thorax appreciably longer than vertical

axis; petiole with a fossa on each side

Casinaria (Pseuderiptemus) p. 269

26. Nervellus angulated below middle, more or less branched;

propodeal carinae well developed; areolet petiolate; clyp-

eal foramina rather inconspicuous 27

Nervellus not angulate below middle, not at all branched ... 32

27. Costulae complete, well developed 28

Costulae incomplete or poorly developed 29

28. Petiole without a fossa on each side, not depressed, rather

cylindrical, postpetiole bulbous Campoplex p. 263

Petiole with a fossa on each side; recurrent vein received

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 247

beyond middle of areolet; subdiscoidal vein wanting in
hind wings; ovipositor hidden or at least not prominent.

Campoplex (Ameloctonus) p. 266

29. Petiole without a fossa on each side near postpetiole 30

Petiloe with a fossa on each side near postpetiole

Campoplex (Nepiera) p. 266

30. Greatest diameter of lateral ocelli as long as or very nearly

as long as ocellocular line 31

Greatest diameter of lateral ocelli distinctly shorter than
ocellocular line Campoplex (Bathsrplectes) p. 263

31. Ovipositor hardly exserted ..Campoplex (Hypothereutes) p. 264
Ovipositor distinctly exserted Campoplex p. 263

32. Second abscissa of discoidal vein distinctly shorter than

third 33

Second abscissa of discoidal vein as long as or longer than
third 35

33. Costulae wanting, incomplete, or poorly developed 34

Costulae complete, well developed; petiole with a fossa on

each side near postpetiole Campoplex (Hj^osoter) p. 267

34. Abdomen conical at apex in female; petiole with a fossa on

each side near postpetiole Cemipoplex (Angitia) p. 264

Abdomen truncate at apex in female; petiole with, at most,

a punctiform fossa on each side near postpetiole

Campoplex (Holocremnus) p. 264

35. Costulae distinct and complete; recurrent vein received in or

beyond middle of areolet 36

Costulae indistinct or incomplete 39

36. Spiracles of first segment distinctly nearer to each other

than to apex 37

Spiracles of first segment apparently as near or nearer to
apex than to each other; petiole with a fossa on each side
near postpetiole; areola and petiolarea confluent; hind
claws not distinctly pectinate; lower angle of radial cell
almost a right angle; ovipositor not prominently exserted

Campoplex (Ameloctonus) p. 266

37. Petiole with a more or less distinct fossa on each side near

postpetiole; lower angle of radial cell distinct, almost

forming a right angle; hind claws distinctly pectinate 38

Petiole rather cylindrical, not wider than thick dorso-ven-
trally, without a fossa on each side near postpetiole ....

Campoplex p. 263

38. Abdomen truncate at apex, ovipositor hardly longer than

apical truncature of the abdomen

Campoplex (Ameloctonus) p. 266
Abdomen conical at apex, ovipositor prominently exserted

Campoplex (Angitia) p. 264

39. Ocelloccipital line hardly longer than postocellar line; lower

248 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

angle of radial cell almost a right angle; hind claws dis-
tinctly pectinate 40

Ocelloccipital line apparently one and one-half times as long
as postocellar line; ovipositor hidden or at least not
longer than apical truncature of abdomen; head lentic-
ular, hardly produced beyond upper end of eye as seen in
profile, almost vertical between hind ocelli and occipital

carina; clypeal foramina and petiolar fossae distinct

Campoplex (Ameloctonus) p. 266

40. Petiole with a fossa on each side near postpetiole 41

Petiole without a fossa on each side near postpetiole; female

abdomen truncate at apex Campoplex (Hypothereutes) p. 264

41. Abdomen truncate at apex in femak

Campoplex (Ameloctonus) p. 266
Abdomen conical at apex in female Campoplex (Angitia) p. 264

42. Tarsal claws pectinate or not pectinate; scutel convex, its

apex rounded, areolet usually present 43

Tarsal claws not pectinate 45

43. Spiracles of first abdominal segment placed in or before mid-

dle; spiracles of propodeum oblong 44

Spiracles of first abdominal segment placed behind middle;
head not inflated behind eyes; clypeus not separated from
face by a suture; teeth of mandibles subequal. .Casinaria p. 268

44. Head not inflated behind eyes, the latter touching base of

mandibles, which in turn are slender and provided with
two unequal teeth at apex; propodeum without carinae or
tubercles; spiracles of first abdominal segment placed be-
fore middle Paniscus p. 280

Head inflated behind eyes, the latter not touching base of
mandibles, which in turn are not slender and have two
equal teeth at apex; propodeum carinate and tuberculate;

spiracles of first abdominal segment in its middle

Opheltes p. 281

45. Cubitodiscoidal cell receiving second abscissa of discoida!

vein in middle, third discoidal cell narrowed at base 46

Cubitodiscoidal cell receiving second abscissa of discoidal
vein before its middle; eyes not hairy 47

46. Hind tarsi with first joint about four times as long as second,

apical margin of clypeus broadly rounded. .Heteropelma p. 285
Hind tarsi with first joint about twice as long as second;
apical margin of clypeus truncate Therion p. 286

47. Third discoidal cell narrowed at base; apical margin of clyp-

eus acutely angled or pointed Erigorgus p. 281

Third discoidal cell not narrowed at base; apical margin of
clypeus truncate Paracanidia p. 273

48. Wings fuscous, stigma obsolete; clypeus at apex obtusely

pointed; ocelli not prominent; thorax and legs not glabrous

No. 22. J HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 249

but covered by short, rather dense pubescence; propo-

deum truncated behind and rather coarsely rugose

Thyreodon p. 287
Wings hyaline, stigma distinct, well Heveloped; clypeus at
apex truncate; ocelli prominent; thorax and legs glabrous;
propodeum rounded behind, not rugose Ophion p. 287

49. Abdomen rarely coarsely and deeply punctate, if so, hind

tibiae not provided with two spurs 50

Abdomen deeply and coarsely punctate or aciculate; scutel
large, usually margined; hind tibiae provided with two
spurs; robust genera 98

50. Face not strongly protuberant, or if so, clypeus distinct 51

Face strongly protuberant and coarsely punctate; clypeus

not defined or else small 91

51. Mandibles bidentate or toothless 52

Mandibles tridentate 88

52. Hind tibias with two spurs; abdomen petiolate, or, if sessile,

exserted portion of ovipositor shorter than abdomen or
not at all exserted; hind legs not both long and thick;
antennae not short and straight; mandibles not projecting
forward and not forming a visible cavity with clypeus;
head and clypeus normal, the latter usually narrowed and
nearly elliptical; areolet not large and rhomboidal, quad-
rangular, triangular or wanting, rarely an irregular pen-
tagon; male without styloid projections; scutel not pro-
vided with a discal spine, stigma present; ovipositor not
or scarcely exserted, if prominently exserted, then lunulas
present, otherwise lunulse wanting or at least not present
on both second and third dorsal segments in same indi-
vidual; propodeum not sloping directly from base 53

Hind tibiae without spurs, or at most with a single small one;
teeth of mandibles equal in length 69

53. Tarsal claws not pectinate, or with only a few strong teeth

at base, in which case clypeus usually extends from eye

to eye 54

Tarsal claws pectinate ^^

54. Abdomen petiolate, petiole at its base without a groove or

carina, or the latter at least never prominent 55

Abdomen sessile or subsessile, with a plain furrow or sharp
carina on petiole, seldom subpetiolate, but, if so, then al-
ways with prominent carinae; eyes not emarginate within.. 66

55. Head not exceptionally enlarged 56

Head exceptionally enlarged; longer spur of hind tibiae

shorter than second joint of hind tarsi; wings with an
areolet Spanotecnus p. 292

56. Flagel 35- to 40-jointed, frequently thickened; petiole usually

arched; in female last abdominal segments so recurved
that ovipositor seems to lie on the back 64

250 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Flagel not thickened; last abdominal segments of female
not recurved as described in preceding paragraph 57

57. Hind femora not thickened; ovipositor rarely curved upwards 58
Hind femora thickened; ovipositor curved upwards

Catoglyptus p. 291

58. Cheeks either punctate or shagreened, or both 59

Cheeks perfectly smooth, neither punctate nor shagreened;

wings with an areolet Gausocentrus p. 290

59. Clypeus plainly divided by an elevation, face not narrowed

beneath; second to fourth dorsal abdominal segments not
twice as broad as long, first dorsal abdominal segment
with a carina on each side, which extends from spiracle
to apex; wings without an areolet, radius starting from
middle of stigma; apical joint of hind tarsi not often
curved, not as long as third, plainly longer than fourth;
propodeum not or incompletely areolated. .Mesoleptidea p. 290
Clypeus, face, second to fourth dorsal abdominal segments
and first dorsal abdominal segment as in description of

Mesoleptidea given above; wings with an areolet 60

70. Last joint of hind tarsi either plainly shorter than third or,

when as long, then not bent or curved 61

Last joint of hind tarsi as long as or longer than third, and
plainly bent or curved; body and antennae long and slender.

Hadrodactylus p. 289

61. Clypeus without an apical impression 62-

Clypeus impressed before apex, finely margined; mesonotum

and scutel shagreened and punctate Rogas p. 289

62. Clypeus not flat; second lateral area without a tooth-like

projection 63

Clypeus flat; second lateral area projecting tooth-like; radius
starting back of middle of stigma Oxytorus p. 289

63. Radius starting from middle of stigma; nervellus branched

above middle; mesonotum shagreened and punctate

Symphobus p. 289
Radius starting before middle of stigma; nervellus branched
below middle; mesonotum and scutel smooth, punctate; an-
tennae without a pale annulus Zemiodes p. 288

64. Propodeum areolated at base 65

Propodeum not areolated at base Polycinetis p. 291

65. Wings without an areolet Homaspis p. 291

Wings with an areolet; second dorsal abdominal segment

with two median carinae at base Notopygus p. 291

66. Sides of first dorsal abdominal segment not or scarcely broad-

ened as in Otohlastus 68

Sides of first dorsal abdominal segment broadened, ear-shaped
at base Otoblastus p. 296

y
No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 2$ I

dj. Fore wings with an areolet, cubitodiscoidal vein rarely
branched; metapleurae not projecting tooth-like over hind

coxae 67

Fore wings without an areolet or with areolet incomplete;
mid femora without teeth, hind trochanters without a
tooth beneath 75

68. Areolet very irregular, oblique, not rhombic 69

Areolet regular and almost rhombic; second and third dor-
sal abdominal segments without oblique impressions ....

Rhimphalea p. 296

69. Second dorsal abdominal segment without thyridia and with

a carina not extending to spiracle; propodeum more or less

areolated ; nervellus branched 7°

Second dorsal abdominal segment with distinct thyridia at
base 72

70. Nervellus branched at or below middle; propodeum not com-

pletely areolated; clypeus separated at base by an elevated
margin; a sharp ridge extending from spiracles to apex of

basal dorsal abdominal segment ^\

Nervellus branched above middle; clypeus plainly separated
at base by an elevated margin Otlophorus p. 295

71. Antenna swollen above middle, and with its segments

broader than long and verticillate at apex

Provancherella p. 295
Antenna slender, not strongly verticillate; petiole of abdomen
longer than broad Syncecetes p. 295

72. Clypeus distinctly divided by a nearly median elevation,

anterior half somewhat flattened and somewhat sloping,

usually of a different color from the base TZ

Clypeus without a distinct transverse median ridge; nervellus
broken at or below middle; mandibles distinctly toothed
at apex; areolet distinctly petiolate; third dorsal abdom-
inal segment not distinctly longer than wide; mesopleurse
without a posterior projecting tooth, propodeum more or
less areolated, but not entirely so; clypeus neither com-
pressed so that it projects like a tooth in the middle nor
forming a fiat triangle; first dorsal abdominal segment with

two keel-like carinae which extend beyond spiracles

• Dialges p. 293

73. Front without a distinct tooth '. 74

Front above antennae with a strong tooth, face elongate, pro-
jecting tooth not or but slightly concave, clypeal grooves
not beset with long hairs Cosmoconus p. 294

74. Propodeum not regularly areolated, but with carinae, and

polished; transverse carinae wanting, longitudinal carinae

distinct and sharp Quadrigana p. 294

Propodeum more or less perfectly areolated; edge of anten-

252 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST, SURVEY. [Bull.

nal grooves not elevated; clypeus without two small teeth

at apex; teeth of mandibles distinct Tryphon p. 293

75- Second dorsal abdominal segment with distinct thyridia at base,
propodeum not entirely areolated; clypeus without teeth at
apex; apex of abdomen more or less slightly compressed;
stigma not longer than marginal cell, areolet entirely
wanting; mandibles toothed, lower tooth as long as upper;
apical segment of hind tarsi shorter than third; base of
discoidal cell as long as or longer than nervullus; malar
line shorter than mandibles are wide at base; first to third
dorsal abdominal segments not rugose, first not more than
twice as broad at apex as at base; clypeus without a trans-
verse row of bristles on anterior edge; sutures between
first to third dorsal abdominal segments not deep; clyp-
eus without lateral impressions; dorsulum, scutel, and first
to third dorsal abdominal segments shagreened; ridge of
vertex not broken in middle; lateral carina from spiracles
to apex of basal dorsal abdominal segments present; pro-
podeum with more or less distinct carinae 76

Second dorsal abdominal segment without thyridia at base, or
else they lie very close to the base and are quite invisible;
nervellus broken at or below middle; propodeum not en-
tirely areolated; ridge of vertex not broken in middle;
base of discoidal cell as broad or broader than nervelus,
areolet usually entirely wanting; clypeus emarginate, al-
most semicircular on its anterior edge Sphecophaga p. 293

76. Basal segment of hind tarsi inflated Holmgrenia p. 293

Basal segment of hind tarsi not inflated; propodeum above

finely and opaquely shagreened; clypeus more or less trans-
versely impressed at sides of anterior margin, which latter
is thereby elevated and more or less deeply emarginate
centrally Mesoleius p. 292

77. Abdomen distinctly petiolate or subpetiolate 78

Abdomen not distinctly petiolate, more nearly sessile 81

76. Tarsal claws toothed with long and close-set teeth 79

Tarsal claws toothed with fewer, shorter or more distant
teeth 80

79. Clypeus scarcely elevated above face, hot compressed at tip.

Rhorus p. 300
Clypeus distinctly elevated above face and compressed at
tip ; wings with an areolet Ctenopelma p. 300

80. First dorsal abdominal segment much broadened behind spir-

acles, following segments as broad as long; clypeus with-
out a transverse ridge; propodeum distinctly areolated ..

Sjmipherta p. 299
First dorsal abdominal segment only partially broadened be-
hind spiracles, following segments not as broad as long;

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 253

nervellus not disappearing toward base; propodeum above
not regularly areolated, and with only a very low, apical
median area; distance between ocelli greater than ocel-
locular line Eczetesis p. 299

81. Male antennae not broadly thickened in middle; ovipositor

distinctly exserted 82

Male antennas broadly thickened in middle; ovipositor not
exserted Euceros p. 299

82. Basal dorsal abdominal segments without transverse impres-

sions; antennae rarely thickened in middle 83

Basal dorsal abdominal segments with transverse impres-
sions; antennae slightly thickened in middle and tapering
toward apex Scopiorus p. 298

83. Femora not thickened, or, if so, clypeus not separated from

face by a suture; groove of clypeus not covered with a

tuft of hair 84

Femora thickened; grooves at sides of clypeus covered by a
tuft of hair; areolet present Erromenus p. 298

84. Clypeus elevated and separated from face by a distinct trans-

verse furrow, or, if not, propodeum polished and without
distinct carinae; tarsal claws not thickly pectinate at tip,

but with comb-like teeth at base 85

Clypeus not distinctly elevated and separated from face; pro-
podeum carinated Monoblastus p. 297

85. Vertex not separated from occiput by a sharp ridge; pro-

podeum without carinae; areolet wanting; metatarsi en-
larged; antennas longer than body Scolobates p. 297

Vertex separated from occiput by a sharp ridge

Polyblastus p. 297

86. Tarsal claws not pectinate 87

Tarsal claws pectinate; margin of first dorsal abdominal seg-
ment not hollowed out; areolet present; hind tibiae without

a spur, subpetiolate; basal dorsal abdominal segment dis-
tinctly broadened from base toward apex . .Exenterus p. 301.

87. First dorsal abdominal segment broadened ear-like at base,

second dorsal abdominal segment at apex twice as broad

as first at its apex Exyston p. 300

First dorsal abdominal segment not broadened ear-like at
base Anecphysis p. 301

88. Basal dorsal abdominal segment without a transverse im-

pression; areolet wanting 89

Basal dorsal abdominal segment with a transverse impres-
sion; areolet wanting; propodeum with an apical trans-
verse carina and a basal area, spiracles small and round;
nervellus broken below middle Diplazon p. 302

254 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

89. Face finely shagreened, alutaceous or coriaceous; propodeum

exareolated; cubitodiscoidal vein angularly broken and
usually with a ramellus; nervellus very obtuse, angularly

broken below middle Syrphoctonus p. 302

Face smooth and shining; antennae more than 20-jointed;
clypeus separated from face by a suture; propodeum areo-
lated; nervellus broken at or near middle Promethes p. 302

90. Scape elongated 91

Scape globular 92

91. Areolet present, outer vein of areolet often translucent; trans-

facial line not much longer than facial line; notauli want-
ing; nearly all flagellar joints in female longer than thick;
second dorsal abdominal segment without transverse im-
pressions Orthocentrus p. 305

Areolet wanting; epomia wanting on sternum; propodeum
with basal area and areola confluent Brephoctonus p. 305

92. Abdomen petiolate, in some species broadly so, spiracles of

first dorsal abdominal segment situated in or behind mid-
dle 93

Abdomen sessile or nearly so, spiracles of first dorsal abdom-
inal segment situated in or before middle, basal segment

broad and short; propodeum usually areolated at base 94

93. Hind tibiae with a single small spur Periope p. 308

Hind tibiae with two spurs; areolet wanting; second joint of
male antennae excavated Alcocerus p. 308

94. Second dorsal abdominal segment without a median carina.. 95
Second dorsal abdominal segment with a median carina ....

Chorineus p. 308

95. First joint of flagel decidedly longer than second 96

First joint of flagel not or scarcely longer than second; pro-
podeum with six areae Hyperacmus p. 305

96. Pleural areas of propodeum usually separated from each other

by a sharp transverse carina 97

Pleural areae of propodeum not separated from each other
by a transverse carina; areolet present Triclistus p. 307

97. Vertex separated from occiput by a sharp ridge

Metacoelus p. 307
Vertex and occiput without a sharp ridge between them; pro-
podeum with two median carinae Exochus p. 306

98. Face with a distinct shield; mid tibiae with two spurs; basal

segments of abdomen pyramidal or oval above; ovipositor

rarely visible Metopius p. 309

Face without a distinct shield; mid tibiae with a single
spur; eyes distinctly emarginate; first, second, and third
dorsal abdominal segments with parallel carinae; scutel
margined Pseudometopius p. 308

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 255

99. Head transverse, cheeks usually not much swollen; abdomen

sessile or subsessile 100

Head more or less cubical, spherical or subquadrate, more
or less extended behind eyes, mandibles generally pro-
truding and forming with the depressed mouth a kind of
mouth opening; abdomen sessile or subsessile, rarely petio-

late "S

100. Abdomen subcompressed (but never so that its dorsum be-
comes carinate), and always broader than high or de-
pressed at base; ovipositor issuing from apex of abdomen,

last ventral segment long, lanceolate lOi

Abdomen distinctly broader than high or depressed, some-
times subcompressed toward apex in female 102

loi. Areolet triangular, petiolate, receiving second recurrent vein
at or near its tip; legs and antennae slender; clypeus with a
suture between it and the rest of the face. .Coleocentrus p. 327
Areolet wanting; hind tibiae and tarsi long and slender, tibiae
almost twice the length of hind femora, which latter are
somewhat thickened; antennae much longer than head and
thorax; first submarginal cell receiving both recurrent
veins, or second recurrent vein uniting with transverse
cubital vein Aretes p. 326

102. Dorsulum transversely rugose; fore tarsi more than twice

as long as fore tibiae 103

Dorsulum not transversely rugose; fore tarsi not twice as
long as fore tibiae 104

103. Hind coxae hot cylindrical, but swollen towards base; abdo-

men finely sculptured, convex above in male, with sub-
quadrate segments that are neither emarginate at apex

nor channeled Rhyssa p. 326

Hind coxae cylindrical; abdomen smooth and shining, very
much longer than wide in male, flat above, and with
third to seventh dorsal abdominal segments more or less

grooved longitudinally and emarginate at apex

Megarhyssa p. 324

104. Second and succeeding dorsal abdominal segments with their

surface uneven on account of presence of tubercles or de-
pressions, or both, or even and without tubercles, but with

body yellowish 105

Second and succeeding dorsal abdominal segments even and
without tubercles or depressions, but body not yellowish iii

105. Intermediate segments of abdomen, at least in male, longer

than broad, rarely quadrate 106

Intermediate segments of abdomen invariably broader than
long; fore femora not emarginate 107

106. Areolet triangular; exserted portion of ovipositor as long as

or longer than abdomen; tarsi with their apical joint three

2S6 CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. , [BuU.

or more times longer than penultimate joint; upper vein
of third discoidal cell not at all or but slightly arched,
so that this cell receives the median vein at its upper basal

angle Ichneumon p. 323

Areolet wanting; exserted portion of ovipositor nearly half
the length of abdomen; apical tarsal joint with a prom-
inent empodium, tarsal claws deeply cleft

Hymenoepimeces p. 323

107. Ovipositor issuing from a ventral cleft 108

Ovipositor issuing from apex of abdomen; scutel rounded or

convex, not quadrangular lie

108. Areolet triangular, complete 109

Areolet incomplete or wanting; femora slender, not thick-
ened; clypeus separated from rest of face by a suture ....

Polysphincta p. 317

109. Abdomen smooth and shining, impunctate; body yellow ....

Theronia p. 323
Abdomen more or less punctate; body black .... Scambus p. 318
no. Abdomen more or less punctate; tarsal claws not pectinate,
areolet wanting; exserted portion of ovipositor less than

half the length of the abdomen Clistopyga p. 317

Second to fourth dorsal abdominal segments each with an
oblique linear depression on each side; tarsal claws pecti-
nate Glypta p. 316

111. Ovipositor issuing from apex of abdomen; areolet complete

and triangular, rarely incomplete 112

Ovipositor issuing from a ventral cleft; tarsal claws not pecti-
nate 114

112. Tarsal claws not pectinate, only bristly at base 113

Tarsal claws pectinate Meniscus p. 312

113. Head and thorax with long conspicuous hair. . . . Arenetra p. 315

Head and thorax with short inconspicuous hair. .Lissonota p. 313

114. Areolet present and triangular; flagel not emarginate

Phytodietus p. 311
Areolet wanting; third and fourth joints of male flagel emar-
ginate or excavated Lissonota (Cylloceria) p. 314

115. Hind femora not toothed beneath; front without a horn 116

Hind femora with a tooth beneath that is directed backward;

mid tibiae of female appearing as if twisted; head nearly
spherical Odontomerus p. 311

116. Areolet wanting 117

Areolet present 118

117. Face narrowed beneath, cheeks tuberculate behind their flat-

tened and depressed posterior orbital edge; tibiae slender,

not inflated; propodeum not areolated Xorides p. 310

Face not narrowed beneath and cheeks not tuberculate;
fore and mid tibiae in female cylindrical, narrowed and

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 257

constricted at base, mid tibi3e not appearing as if twisted;
head subquadrate, joints of flagel cylindrical, body not
cylindrical; marginal cell extending nearly to apex of wing

Xylonomus p. 310

118. Eyes subemarginate; hind coxae cylindrical, as long as or

nearly as long as hind femora 119

Eyes not emarginate; hind coxae swollen, shorter than hind
femora, areolet subpetiolate, triangular, tibiae not inflated;
propodeum not areolated, but with a shallow longitudinal
groove on its disk Euxorides p. 309

119. Face roughened, cheeks without a tooth-like process; pro-

podeum areolated; fore and mid tibiae of female dflated,
narrowed, and towards the base appearing as if twisted;
abdomen subpetiolate, clavate, basal segment straight,

gradually widened toward apex Labena p. 309

Face smooth, not roughened, polished, cheeks with a tooth-
like process; propodeum not areolated, smooth and pol-
ished; tibiae not as in Labena; abdomen petiolate, basal
segment straight, but curved upward towards apex, which
is somewhat dilated, exserted portion of ovipositor as
long as first abdominal segment Grotea p. 309

120. Wings normal 121

Wings rudimentary or absent; exserted portion of ovipositor

more than half the length of first abdominal segment; pro-
podeum not or indistinctly areolated 127

121. Ovipositor distinctly exserted 122

Ovipositor not or scarcely exserted; abdomen smooth and

polished, ovate or almost circular, wider than thick or de-
pressed Stilpnus p. 341

122. Areolet complete 123

Areolet incomplete, forming an imperfect pentagon, its outer

nervure wanting Hemiteles p. 337

123. Areolet pentangular or subquadrate 124

Areolet rectangular, receiving second recurrent vein at or

near its tip Mesostenidea p. 329

124. Antennae of female with joints of flagel rather nodose at

tip 125

Antennae with joints of flagel cylindrical throughout; pro-
podeum with elongate linear spiracles 126

125. Third joint of antennae at most twice as long as thick, or

antennae thickened between middle and apex and in some
species also expanded; postpetiole in male broader than

petiole, first dorsal abdominal segment geniculate

Phygadeuon p. 333
Third joint of antennae in most species three or more times
as long as thick (if shorter, then propodeum not areolated),
not thickened or expanded towards middle; postpetiole
17

258 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

not much broader than petiole, first dorsal abdominal seg-
ment slightly geniculate Agrothereutes p. 330

126. Outer vein of third discoidal cell bent beneath apex; malar

space prominent Joppidium p. 330

Outer vein of third discoidal cell straight; malar space not
prominent, nearly crowded out by the eyes. .Acroricnus p. 330

127. Scutel distinctly defined, with sutures all around it; hind

tarsi with their penultimate joints not bilobed; wings rudi-
mentary, extending beyond base of propodeum; first ab-
dominal segment punctate, not longitudinally wrinkled

Aptesis p. 328

Scutel not distinctly defined; face rather rounded

Gelis p. 327

128. Propodeal spiracles linear or oval 129

Propodeal spiracles circular, scutel scarcely or not at all ele-
vated, propodeum not produced beyond insertion of hind
legs; mandibles bidentate, teeth equal or subequal in length 134

129. Petiole of abdomen not broader than high 130

Petiole of abdomen broader than high 133

130. Abdomen of female acute at tip, last ventral segment re-

tracted, fourth ventral abdominal segment in male with

a longitudinal fold . .- 131

Abdomen of female obtuse at tip, last ventral segment slightly
or not at all retracted, fourth ventral abdominal segment
in male without a longitudinal fold 132

131. Scutel more or less flat, or simply convex, and then grad-

ually sloping to apex; propodeum rarely bispinose

Amblyteles p. 344
Scutel strongly elevated or hunched, abruptly declivous pos-
teriorly; propodeum invariably bispinose. .Hoplismenus p. 343

132. Scutel flat or simply convex ..Amblyteles (Pterocormus) p. 344
Scutel strongly elevated, generally subpyramidal. .Trogus p. 343

133. Scutel carinate laterally Platylabus p. 342

Scutel not carinate laterally Eurylabus p. 342

134. Second dorsal abdominal segment without thyridia at base.. 135
Second dorsal abdominal segment with more or less dis-
tinct thyridia at base Phaeogenes p. 341

135. Mandibles of female not emarginate on their inferior margins;

postscutel without depressions; flagel of male slender at

base Eparces p. 342

Mandibles of female emarginate on their inferior margins;
flagel of male filiform Colpognathus p. 342

Ephedrus Haliday.
**E. incompletus Provancher.

Length 2.5 mm. ; black ; legs and abdomen more or less stra-
mineous. Parasitic on Myzus cerasi, Macrosiphum rosa and
Nectarophora rudheckice.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 259

Praon Haliday.
Key to Species.

1. Length 3 mm.; bright yellowish red, smooth and polished

humulaphidis
Length 2 mm.; at least head and thorax mostly blackish;
abdomen mostly blackish 2

2. Clypeus, mandibles and legs brownish stramineous; wings

hyaline, faintly smoky, with blackish veins alaskensis

Blackish, except part of abdomen, thorax beneath, and face,
which are brownish, and first, second, and third antennal
joints, which are yellowish testaceous; otherwise as in
preceding species pequodonun

°P. humulaphidis Ashmead.
Parasitic on the hop plant aphis.
P. alaskensis Ashmead.

West Haven, 27 June, 1905, taken in sweeping through a culti-
vated field (H. L. v.).

*P. pequodorum Viereck (new species).
Type locality: New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.). Bred
from aphids on black birch, i July, 1913 (L. B. Ripley).

Aphidius Nees.
Key to Species.

1. Fore wings without a recurrent vein 2

Fore wings with one recurrent vein represented in a disco-
cubital vein, wings without brown bands; mesopleurae with-
out a furrow; mesonotum not distinctly punctate; median
longitudinal carina of propodeum dividing near middle to
form a petiolarea; stigma not attenuated, hardly five times

as long on margin of wing as wide between the latter mar-
gin and origin of radius; joints of fiagel at least twice as
long as thick 7

2. Fore wings without either part of the cubitus or transverse

cubitus 3

Fore wings with a transverse cubitus and part of cubitus;
propodeum without carinse; thorax polished, black; mid
and hind legs usually blackish; female antennae usually
13-iointed, sometimes li- or 12-jointed; male antennae 14-
or is-jointed testaceipes

3. Hypopygium in female developed into a process with two

prongs 4

260 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Hypopygium in female simple, not developed into a process
with two prongs 6

4. Propodeum areolated' 5

Propodeum not areolated; second discoidal cell indistinct;

clypeus, mouth, scape, pedicel, legs and abdomen almost
entirely stramineous; antennae 12-jointed; head and thorax
mostly blackish. Length 1.75 mm. (female) exareolatus

5. Second discoidal cell complete; petiole constricted at base

and apex; first three antennal joints and legs stramineous;
abdomen mostly brownish, first and second sutures and

apex yellowish rhagii

Second discoidal cell incomplete or indistinctly defined; hind
and mid tibiae and femora dark brown, nearly black; first
three antennal joints and apex of abdomen stramineous

aceris

6. Legs and petiole stramineous or reddish; male antennse 15-

or i6-jointed; female antennae 13-jointed salicaphis

Legs and petiole black or blackish; male antennae 16- or 17-
jointed; female antennae 13- to 15-jointed, rarely 13-jointed

rapae

7. Legs usually pale, stramineous, at most brownish but never

blackish or black 8

Legs and body mostly black or blackish; stigma rather lance-
olate, not approximating an equilateral triangle in outline;
petiole without a smooth space, uniformly rugulose; face
beneath antennae and fore legs more or less stramineous

nigripes

8. Not almost entirely stramineous; head, mesonotum, and pro-

podeum always black or blackish 9

Almost entirely stramineous; head black, mesonotum, and
ab'domen above sometimes infuscated; female antennje 17-
to 19-jointed; male antennae 19- to 23-jointed polygonaphis

9. Female antennae 17- or less than 17-jointed; male antennae

20- or less than 20-jointed 10

Female antennae 17- to 20-jointed; male antennae 20- to 21-
jointed; face yellowish or brown rosa

10. Female antennae 14- to 17-jointed; male antennae 17- to 20-

jointed II

Female antennae 14- to is-jointed; male antennae 16- to 18-
jointed; blackish brown. Length 1.5 mm phorodontis

11. Petiolarea nearly rectangular; second and third joints of

maxillary palpi not more than twice as long as thick;

hind coxae and femora stramineous avenaphis

Petiolarea distinctly pentagonal; second and third joints of
maxillary palpi four times as long as thick ribis

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 26I

*A. (Trioxys) exareolatus Viereck (new species) .
Type locality: New Haven, 17 June, 1905. Reared from the
rose aphis (B. H. W.).
°A. (T.) rhagii Ashmead.
Said to be parasitic on the beetle Rhagium lineatum.

A. (T.) aceris Haliday.

Host : Chaitophorus aceris.

A. (Lysiphlebus) testaceipes (Cresson).

Parasitic on Aphis maidis, A. gossypii, A. setarice, A. brassicce,
A. maidiradicis, A. medicaginis, A. heraclii, T ox opt era
graminum, Siphonophora cucurhitoe, Myzus rihis, M. cerasi,
Siphocoryne avence, Macrosiphum rosce, M. granaria, and
Rhopalosiphum dianthi.

New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

A. (Diaeretus) rapae Curtis.

Parasitic on Aphis brassicce. New Haven, 26 June, 1905
(H. L. v.).

°A. (D.) salicaphis (Fitch).
. Parasitic on Chaitophorus populicola.

A. (Aphidius) nigripes Ashmead.

Parasitic on Macrosiphum granaria.

West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).
°A. (A.) polygonaphis (Fitch). Knotweed Aphidius.

Parasitic on an aphid on Polygonum, Macrosiphum rudbeckice
and Siphonophora liriodendri.

A. (A.) rosae Haliday.

Parasitic on the rose aphis {Macrosiphum roses).
West Haven, 27 June, 1905 ; Putnam, 12 July, 1905 ; Cheshire,
8 July, 1904 (H. L. V.) ; New Haven, 17 June, 1905 (B. H. W.).
°A. (A.) phorodontis Ashmead.
Parasitic on Phorodon mahaleb and Rhopalosiphum dianthi.

A. (A.) avenaphis (Fitch). Aphidius granariaphis Cook.
Parasitic on Macrosiphum cerealis and Siphocoryne avence.
West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°A. (A.) ribis Haliday.
Parasitic on Myzus ribis.

262 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull,

Cymodusa Holmgren.
Limneria Cresson (in part).

C. distincta (Cresson).

Female and male : length 7 mm. ; flagel yellowish at base on
the inner side; hind coxae only black, hind tibiae without whitish
annuli ; dorsal abdominal segments beyond the third reddish, ex-
cept the sixth, which is mostly black or blackish; petiole without
a fossa on each side.

Scotland. 10 August, 1905 (B. H. W.) ; Colebrook, 27 July,
1905, Cheshire, 8 July, 1904, New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L.
V.) ; Stonington, 16 May, 1906 (W. E. B.).

Sagaritis Holmgren.
Limneria Cresson (in part).
Greatest diameter of lateral ocelli as long as or longer than
the ocellocular line.

Key to Species.

1. Hind coxae black above and beneath as well as elsewhere.... 2
Hind coxx reddish or brownish beneath conjunctifonnis

2. Hind tibiae without whitish annuH, at most with a yellowish

stripe; petiole cylindrical, without a depression above on
each side between petiole and postpetiole, the latter rather

oblong 3

Hind tibiae with whitish annuli, fore and mid coxae mostly
pale, stramineous or reddish stramineous aprilis

3. Abdomen not entirely black above provancheri

Abdomen entirely black above patsuiketonim

S. provancheri Dalla Torre. 5". dubitatus (Cresson).

Colebrook. 21 July, 1905. at flowers of water hemlock (Cicuta
maculata) ; Branford, 28 July, 1905 ; New Haven, 26 June, 1905
(H. L. v.), 8 June, 1904 (W. E. B.) ; Southington 5 July, 1905.
*S. conjunctifonnis Viereck (new species).

T}-pe localit)-: New Haven, 19 July, 1905 (B. H. W.) ; Bran-
ford, 28 June, 1905 (H. W. W.), 23 June, 1904 (at flowers of
willow), 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

*S. patsuiketorum \'iereck (new species).
Tj-pe locality: New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.). Also
from the ^.-pe locality, 15 July, 1904 (W. E. B.) ; and from Mill-
dale, 21 May, 1906 (B. H. W.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 263

*S. aprilis Viereck (new species).
Type locality: New Haven, 27 April, 1907 (W. E. B.), 9
May, 191 1 (A. B. C).

Campoplex Gravenhorst.

Limneria Cresson (in part).

Key to Species.

1. Greatest diameter of lateral ocelli as long as or longer than

ocellocular line; head not quadrate, outside line of temples
not nearly attaining plane of outside line of eyes; pro-

podeum more or less channeled 2

Greatest diameter of lateral ocelli distinctly shorter than
ocellocular line; propodeum not channeled 3

2. Hind coxse reddish; abdomen mostly reddish above

grossularif^orae
Hind coxae black; abdomen entirely black above nolae

3. Abdomen not entirely black above 4

Abdomen entirely black above maquinnai

4. Postpetiole black at apex, apical third of second segment

stramineous, rest of third segment almost entirely rather
blackish, and fourth dorsal abdominal segment stramine-
ous on basal third pentagoetorum

Postpetiole apically, apical half of second, most of third
and base of fourth dorsal abdominal segments, reddish

polychrosidis

*C. (Campoplex) pentagoetorum Viereck (new species).
Type locality: West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

*C. (C.) maquinnai Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Milldale, 21 May, 1906 (B. H. W.).

*C. (C.) grossulariflorae Viereck (new species).
Type locality: New Haven, 14 May, 1904 (H. L. V.), on
flowers of gooseberry {Ribes oxyacanthoides).

C. (C.) nolae (Ashmead).
Cheshire, 8 July, 1904 (H. L. V.).

°C. (C.) polychrosidis Viereck.

Reared from Polychrosis carduiana and Platypttlia carduidac-
tyla by W. D. Kearfott.

Subgenus Bathyplectes (Foerster) Szepligeti.

♦Campoplex (B.) etemankiakorum Viereck (new species).
Antennae black or blackish throughout; all coxae black or

264 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

blackish, hind tibiae without white annuli ; second and third dorsal
abdominal segments with an apical reddish band.

Type locality: West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.). Also
from New Haven, 6 July, 1904 (H. L. V.).

Subgenus Hypothereutes (Foerster) Ashmead.

Key to Species.

Nervellus not angulate; hind coxae reddish; basal area trape-
zoidal, areola not parallel-sided; hind tibiae with whitish
annuli; abdomen without a median longitudinal black band;
abdomen black above, except apical half of second seg-
ment, apical two-thirds of third segment and an apical
band on fourth segment, which are more or less reddish

vemalis

Nervellus angulate; hind coxae reddish; hind tibiae with whit-
ish annuli; abdomen black above, except thyridia which
are brownish, apical margin of second segment which is
stramineous, and a spot on each side of third segment
which is rather reddish elyi

*Campoplex (H.) vernalis Viereck (new species).
Type locality : New Haven, 24 May, 1905 (W. E. B.).
*C. (H.) elyi Viereck.

Type locality: East River, 30 July, 1910 (Charles R. Ely).
Subgenus Holocremnus (Foerster) Dalla Torre.
*Campoplex (H.) metacomet Viereck (new species.)
Hind coxae only black, hind tibiae without whitish annuli;
second and third dorsal abdominal segments with an apical
reddish band, and all or nearly all of the succeeding segments
reddish.

Type locality: New Haven, 22 June, 1905 (W. E. B.).
Taken on a window.

Subgenus Angitia Holmgren.
Limneria Cresson (in part).

Key to Species.

1. Abdomen black throughout above; scape mostly dark brown

to blackish beneath 2

Abdomen not black throughout above 4

2. Costulae more or less distinct and complete 3

Costulae virtually wanting; hind tibiae rather uniformly stra-
mineous; ocelloccipital line hardly longer than postocel-

lar line macer

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, 265

3. Hind coxae black, hind tibiae with whitish annuli; scape dark

brownish, with pale tip; propodeum rather coarsely sculp-
tured parviformis

Hind coxae reddish, hind tibiae without whitish annuli; scape
with a yellowish tip openangorum

4. Hind coxae mostly black or blackish 5

Hind coxae mostly reddish; scape mostly dark brownish;

hind tibiae without whitish annuli; eyes, at least in female,
not converging below 7

5. Eyes not converging below; abdomen mostly black 6

Eyes converging below; scape pale beneath obscurus

6. Scape yellowish beneath; areola and petiolarea confluent .kiehtani
Scape blackish throughout; areola and petiolarea not con-
fluent woonandi

7. Spiracles of first abdominal segment protuberant; thyridia

black oedemisiformis

Spiracles of first abdominal segment not protuberant; thyridia
reddish ruficoxa

Campoplex (A.) macer (Cresson).

Poquonock, 27 June, 1905 ; Cheshire, 8 July 1904 (H. L. V.).
*C. (A.) openangorum Viereck (new species).

Type locality: Thompson, 11 July, 1905 (H. L. V.). Also
from New Haven, 27 June, 1905 (W. E. B.), taken from breed-
ing cage containing infested gooseberries.

*C. (A.) woonandi Viereck (new species).
Type locality: West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*C. (A.) oedemisiformis Viereck (new species).
Type locality: East Hartford, 2 August, 1905 (B. H. W.).
Also from West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).
°C. (A.) obscurus Cresson.

This is another American species recorded as a parasite of the
cosmopolitan insects, Plusia brassicce and Plutella cruciferarum.
*C. (A.) kiehtani Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Orange, taken on 27 January, 1906, from jar
containing corn infested with Plodia interpunctella, from Wood-
ruff's storehouse, 17 November, 1905 (W. E. B.).

*C. (A.) parviformis Viereck (new species).
Type locality: North Haven, 3 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).
C. (A.)ruficoxa (Provancher).
West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

266 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Subgenus Dioctes (Foerster) Schmiedeknecht.
Limneria Cresson (in part).

°Campoplex (D.) obliteratus (Cresson).
Length 5 mm. ; mouth, tegulae, fore and mid coxae and tro-
chanters, and abdomen beneath, yellowish; legs mostly stramin-
eous.

Subgenus Nepiera (Foerster) Thomson.

♦Campoplex (N.) amasecontorum Viereck (new species).

Hind coxae only black; hind tibiae without white annuli; an
apical reddish margin on the first and second dorsal abdominal
segments; basal third (approximately) of the third dorsal
segment black, the rest reddish, nearly all of the fourth dorsal
segment reddish.

Type locality: New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Subgenus Ameloctonus (Foerster) Ashmead.

Limneria Cresson (in part).

Key to Species.

1.. Abdomen more or less reddish; hind coxae reddish above.... 2
Abdomen black throughout above 4

2. Petiole black at base 3

Petiole reddish at base pallipes

3. Propodeum finely sculptured, its carinse distinct . . . . clisiocampae
Propodeum coarsely sculptured, its carinse indistinct . . . .pilosiilus

4. Hind coxae reddish or stramineous 5

Hind coxae black; hind tibiae and metatarsi with whitish

annuli aiinulipes

5. Hind tibiae with a whitish annulus at base 6

Hind tibiae without a whitish annulus at base; lateral longi-
tudinal carinae well developed acronyctae

6. Basal area triangular fugitivus

Basal area quadrangular oedemisiae

Campoplex (A.) clisiocampae (Weed).

Length 4 to 5 mm. ; greatest diameter of lateral ocellus as long
as or longer than the ocellocular line; scape and pedicel yellow-
ish in front, mandibles mostly yellowish, palpi whitish ; tubercles,
tegulae, wing bases, and most of fore and mid legs, more or less
yellowish ; legs, including hind coxae, mostly reddish in the female ;
propodeal carinae well developed, areola and petiolarea confluent ;
postpetiole wider at base than long on each side; postpetiole in

No. 22,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 267

the female black at base, apically reddish like most of the rest of
the abdomen; male with the hind coxae yellowish, and the ab-
domen reddish with more or less extensive black stains except
the first segment, which is mostly black; mid femora reddish in
the female, yellowish in the male.

Parasite of Malacosoma americana, the American tent-
caterpillar.

New Haven, 12 April, 191 1 (A. B. C).

C. (A.) fugitivus (Say).

Hosts of this species are the lo moth {Hyperchira io), Hy-
phantria textor, (Clisiocampa) Malacosoma americana, the for-
est tent-caterpillar {M. disstria), (Pyrameis) Vanessa car did,
(Apatura) Chlorippe celtis, (A.) C. clyton, Pholuora catullus,
Euchcetes egle, Hemileuca maia, the Bombycids Anisota
rubicunda, A. senatoria, A. stigma, A. virginiensis, the Microlep-
idopteron Mineola indigenella and Ephestia kuehniella.

The many destructive secondary parasites that attack this
species tend to impair its usefulness; in spite of these, however,
it is a very useful insect.

°C. (A.) annulipes (Cresson).
Recorded as a parasite of Plutella cruciferarum.

C. (A.) pilosulus (Provancher).

New Haven, 8 August, 1905 (W. E. B.).

°C. (A.) acronyctae (Ashmead).
Parasite of Apatela ohlinita.

C. (A.) oedemisiae (Ashmead).

Parasite of the red-humped apple tree caterpillar, Schisura
concinna, from which it was reared 22 September, 1905, New
Canaan (B. H. W.).

°C. (A.) pallipes (Provancher).

Subgenus Hyposoter (Foerster) Viereck.

*Campoplex (H.) diversicolor Viereck.
Female : length 5.5 mm. ; lateral ocelli nearer the eye than the
anterior ocellus ; clypeus mostly yellowish ; scape uniformly dark
stramineous in front, pedicel paler in front than the scape ; fore
and mid coxae yellowish, hind legs with coxae, trochanters and
femora more or less reddish, their tibiae reddish brown, pale at

268 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [Bull.

base, with a subbasal and subapical dark brown band, their tarsi
dark brown; basal area rather petiolate triangular; abdomen
black and reddish.

Type locality: East River, reared from a larva on hickory,
7 July, 1 910 (Charles R. Ely).

Casinaria Holmgren.

Key to Subgenera.

1. Propodeum apparently not extending to the middle of hind

coxae 2

Propodeum apparently extending to or beyond middle of hind
■ coxae, but not to apex; second dorsal abdominal segment
not longer than first 4^*

2. Areolet present 3

Areolet wanting; thorax elongate; postpetiole nearly as long

as petiole, the latter with a distinct fossa on each side

Pseuderiptemus p. 269

3. Thorax succinct, mesothorax with its vertical axis distinctly

greater than the horizontal axis; nervulus not interstitial,
nervellus neither branched nor angulated, recurrent vein
received before middle of areolet; hind edge of sides of
mesonotum without a foramen; second dorsal segment

compressed Campoplegidea

Thorax elongate as in Pseuderiptemus, vertical axis distinctly
shorter than horizontal axis Pseuderiptemoides p. 269

4. Head lenticular, vertical or almost vertical between hind

ocelli and occipital carina; temples along upper fourth of
eye, as seen in profile, extending beyond hind edge of eye;
jtlypeus hardly separated from face; areolet present; meso-
sternum without a process on each side of mesosulcus or

median longitudinal channel 5

Head not lenticular, obliquely sloping between hind ocelli
and occipital carina; clypeal foramina rather distinct 6

5. Second abscissa of discoidal vein longer than third; pro-

podeal spiracles almost round; clypeal foramina barely

visible Amorphota p. 269

Second abscissa of discoidal vein as long as or shorter than
third; propodeal spiracles slit-like; clypeal foramina invis-
ible Pseudocasinaria p. 270

6. Propodeal spiracles round or oval, not slit-like, propodeum

virtually exareolate 7

Propodeal spiracles slit-like 8

7. Petiole with a fossa on each side near the postpetiole; dis-

coidal vein of hind wings present Campoplegidea

Petiole without a fossa on each side near the postpetiole;

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 269

second abscissa of discoidal vein nearly as long as third;
nervellus angulate or strongly curved below middle; dis-
coidal vein of hind wings wanting Viereckiana p. 271

8. Second abscissa of discoidal vein as long as or shorter than

third 9

Second abscissa of discoidal vein longer than third 10

9. Propodeum virtually exareolate Viereckiana p. 271

Propodeum areolated; eyes not distinctly converging below,

not hairy; areolet present Idechthis p. 270

10. Nervellus not angulated Neonortonia p. 271

Nervellus angulated or branched below middle ..Casinaria p. 270

Subgenus Pseuderipternus Viereck (new^subgenus).
Podogaster Provancher, not Brulle. Limneria Cresson (in part).

Casinaria (P.) radiolata Provancher. Eripternus primus
Ashmead MS.

Female : length 7.5 mm. ; black ; clypeus, mandibles and palpi
reddish ; wings hyaline, veins blackish ; legs red except mid and
hind coxse, their trochanters and the hind tarsi, v^hich are black
or blackish ; abdomen with third, fourth and fifth segments red
except at base above ; exserted portion of ovipositor 4.2 mm. in
length.

Stratford, 21 July, 1908 (W. E. B.).

Subgenus Pseuderipternoides Viereck (new subgenus).

Limneria Cresson (in part).
Type: Limneria porrecta (Cresson).

Casinaria (P.) porrecta (Cresson).

Black; most of mandibles, palpi and tegulae yellowish; legs
reddish ; abdomen reddish and blackish, especially black or black-
ish at base and apex ; all coxse reddish or pale.

Colebrook, 21 July, 1905 (H. L. V.), on flowers of water
hemlock {Cicuta maculata) ; Woodmont, 9 July, 1904 (P. L. B.).

Subgenus Amorphota (Foerster) Howard.

° Casinaria (A.) orgyiae Howard.

Hind tibiae without whitish annuli ; all coxae mostly reddish or
pale; abdomen above mostly reddish, disk and apical border of
second segment black.

270 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [Bull.

Parasitic on the white-marked tussock moth {Hemerocampa
leucostigma).

Subgenus Casinaria Holmgren.

*Casinaria (C.) eupitheciae Viereck.

Greatest diameter of lateral ocellus distinctly longer than
ocellocular line; scape and pedicel more or less pale beneath;
coxae mostly black, rest of legs mostly pale or reddish; dorsal
abdominal segments almost entirely black.

Type locality: East River, 27 August, 1910, 8, 10 September.
1910; reared from Eupithecia miserulata by Charles R. Ely;
Scotland, 10 August, 1905 (B. H. W.) ; Cheshire, 8 July, 1904;
Colebrook, 2i July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

*C. (C.) scabriformis Viereck.

Scape and pedicel yellow beneath ; fore and mid coxae reddish
stramineous, hind coxae black; an apical reddish margin on the
second dorsal abdominal segment, and apical half of third dorsal
segment reddish ; remaining dorsal segments reddish throughout.

East River, 10 September, 19 10, reared from Eupithecia
miserulata by Charles R. Ely.

Subgenus Idechthis (Foerster) Ashmead.

*Casinaria (I.) sokanakiakorum Viereck (new species).

First dorsal abdominal segment black, apex of second abdomi-
nal segment with a reddish band, third to sixth dorsal abdominal
segments laterally partly brownish or reddish brown; scape in
front, fore and mid coxae, and all trochanters, yellow ; hind coxae
only black, hind tibiae without whitish annuli.

Type locality: New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Subgenus Pseudocasinaria Viereck.
Casinaria Ashmead.

*Casinaria (P.) ceanothi Viereck (new species).
Body 7.5 mm. long. Male: scape and pedicel pale brown, flagel
black; head black; mandibles yellow, tipped with brown, palpi
whitish ; thorax black, wings transparent, tinted with brown, veins
dark brown ; fore and mid coxae black at base, rest brownish,
hind coxae black, brownish at apex, trochanters mostly yellow-
ish, femora mostly brownish stramineous to brown, tibiae stra-

No. 22J HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 27I

mineous to brownish stramineous, more or less whitish or yel-
lowish white posteriorly, fore and mid tarsi yellow, hind tarsi
brown; abdomen mostly reddish; constricted portion of first
segment, baasl three-fourths of second, and greater part of basal
half of third dorsal segment, black or blackish.

Type locality: New Haven, 6 July, 1904 (P. L. B.), on
flowers of New Jersey tea ( Ceanothus americanus) .

Subgenus Neonortonia Viereck.

Limneria Cresson (in part). Campoplex Cresson (in part).

*Casinaria (N.) genuina (Norton).

Female and male : length 9 mm. ; black ; legs stramineous ;
body sericeous, with white hair; palpi yellowish, face scarcely
narrowed below antennse, ocelli ruby-colored or pale; smooth
space beneath wings witli fine curved striae ; coxae and trochanters
"black, apical joints of tarsi blackish; wings hyaline; male with
the white hairs on the face shorter than in the opposite sex.

Subgenus Viereckiana Strand {Anisitsia Viereck, preoccupied.)
Campoplex Cresson (in part).

*Casinaria (A.) vitticollis (Norton).

Female: length 15 mm.; prevailing color of thorax reddish,
with a black stripe; antennae reddish at tip and at base, eyes
scarcely contracted below, head black, mandibles, palpi and
tegulae yellow, tips of mandibles dark, face and thorax covered
with silvery hair; black stripe on thorax extending nearly all
the way from the head to the base of the propodeum, being inter-
rupted only by the scutel, which latter is rufous at its apex;
abdomen mostly reddish, a line on the second dorsal segment,
sheaths of the ovipositor and the under surface of the abdomen
itself, black; fore legs, tips of mid femora and legs below, and
bases of hind tibiae, yellow; a line on fore femora above, mid
coxae, trochanters and femora, hind coxae, trochanters, bases of
femora beneath, and tarsi, black ; mid and hind coxae above, their
femora and apices of their tibiae mostly reddish ; wings yellowish
hyaline, veins dark.

New Haven, 22 August, 1904 (P. L. B.).

272 CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

C. (A.) villosa (Norton).

Female and male : length 16 mm. ; black, with the metathorax
and abdomen reddish ; antennae piceous beneath, a longitudinal
median ridge extending between the ocelli and the antennae ; head
and thora:j^overed with silvery hair, which is longest on the face
and propodeum ; a spot on the mandibles, palpi and tegulas, yel-
low ; a triangular area below the hind wings, the propodeum,
except at its summit, hind coxae above, and first abdominal seg-
ment ruby red, rest of abdomen reddish, a black line on the sec-
ond segment ; a spot on fore coxae, the fore and mid legs and hind
tibiae in the middle, yellow; a line on fore femora above, mid
coxae and most of femora and hind legs, black; wings hyaline.

New Haven, 24 July, 1904 (P. L. B.).

Species Incertce Sedis, or species the exact position of which in
modern classification is unknown.

*Casinaria assita (Norton).

Female : length 10 mm. ; black, abdomen partly rufous ; an-
tennae piceous ; face narrowed below the antennae, head and sides
of thorax with sparse white hair ; mandibles piceous at tip ; basal
and second abdominal segments, except the tip above, black ; seg-
ments of apical portion of abdomen with black above ; legs black,
fore pair yellow beneath below the coxae, the middle pair with a
spot on the femora above and the tibiae yellow, all tarsi with
whitish ends ; wings faintly clouded.

Type locality: Farmington.

*C. glauca (Norton).

Female : length 1 1 mm. ; black ; abdomen rufous ; a large red-
dish spot on mandibles ; palpi pale ; head and thorax covered with
short whitish hairs that are not silvery; tegulae yellowish; basal
half of first abdominal segment, a spot on second segment above,
and the sheaths of the ovipositor, black; the fore and mid legs
with yellow tibiae and tarsi, reddish toward base ; hind legs ferT
ruginous ; all coxae, trochanters, and the hind tibiae and tarsi
above, dark piceous shading into reddish ; wings hyaline.

Type locality : Farmington.

*C. diversa (Norton).
Female and male: length 12. 5-13. 5 mm. Female: black, ab-
domen partly rufous; like argentea as described below, except

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 273

as follows : antennae blackish only toward the tip ; first
abdominal segment and upper part of second nearly to its apex,
black, hind tarsi blackish. Male with the ultimate and penulti-
darkest toward end ; legs with more of black at base, fore coxae
black, hind tarsi blackish. Male with the ultimate and penulti-
mate abdominal segments black, and the fore and mid legs en-
tirely or mostly yellow .

*C. argentea (Norton).

Female: length i6 mm.; black, with abdomen rufous except
at base; flagel of antennae dark piceous, basal joint yellow be-
neath (in some cases blackish or black) ; lower half of face and
most of thorax covered with silvery white hair; mandibles, ex-
cept tips, palpi and tegulae, yellow ; second abdominal segment
above and sheaths of ovipositor black, rest of abdomen rufous,
more or less mottled with black, second segment beneath yellow
or yellow-rufous; hind tibiae and spines and the fore and mid
legs yellow except a line on the fore femora in front, the mid
coxae and two-thirds of the femora, which, together with the hind
legs, are black ; wings smoky hyaline.

Paracanidia Viereck. '

*P. elyi Viereck.
This is a slender black species with the abdomen partly red-
dish and the antennae annulated with pale yellow.
Type locality: East River, July, 1910 (C. R. Ely).

Ceratogastra Ashmead.
Ceratosoma Cresson.

C. fasciata Cresson.

Length 12 mm. ; blackish ; face, cheeks, mandibles, and palpi
mostly yellow ; antennae pale to dark brown ; tegulae, a spot on
each side of the dorsulum, a mark on the mesopleurae, tubercles,
scutel, postscutel, a mark on the propodeum, a mark on the
metapleurae, and a stripe on the middle and hind coxae, more or
less yellow ; coxae mostly brown ; rest of legs mostly yellow, tinted
with brown, except the hind femora and apical half of hind
tibiae, which are mostly brown ; wings brownish, with a yellowish
tint, stigma and costa yellowish brown, veins brown, fore wings
18

274 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

whitish along part of each of the following veins: second trans-
verse cubitus, cubitodiscoidal, and second recurrent; abdomen
with its dorsal segments more or less broadly banded with yellow
apically ; ovipositor not exserted ; dorsulum sometimes with four
yellow spots.

Rockville, 23 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Exetastes Gravenhorst.
Key to Species.

1. Length 12 mm 2

Length 10.5 mm,; answers fairly well to description of fasci-

pennis as given below, except as follows: scutel yellow,
wings almost uniformly brownish, with a yellowish stigma;
antennas uniformly brownish; exserted portion of oviposi-
tor nearly one-half length of hind tibiae scutellaris

2. Reddish with blackish sutures to thorax and a brownish

tip to hind tibiae; antennae brown, with a yellow annulus
involving more or less of joints nine to fourteen inclusive;
wings yellowish, transparent, tinted with brown, a broad
yellowish band extending from anterior to posterior mar-
gins of fore wings and originating at basal half of stigma;
exserted portion of ovipositor as long as hind coxae fascipennis
Male: black, except eyes, which are steel-color in death; an-
tennae brownish; wings transparent brownish, fore and mid
femora mostly, and all tibiae and tarsi, lemon-yellow. Fe-
male similar to male suaveolens

°E. scutellaris Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI. ix, Fig. 17.
°E. fascipennis Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI. x, Fig. 7.
°E. suaveolens Walsh.

Pristomerus Curtis.

*P. olamonus Viereck (new species).
Female: 3.5 mm. long; head in front mostly brownish, be-
hind mostly black or blackish, as is the thorax; abdomen above
mostly brown ; abdomen beneath and legs mostly brownish stra-
mineous ; antennae mostly blackish, their scape and pedicel brown ;
sheaths of the ovipositor blackish, exserted portion of the latter
nearly as long as the abdomen ; orbits reddish and yellowish
brown ; notauli, space between them on the posterior half of the
dorsulum^ scutel, and propleurse, more or less brown, tegulse yel-
lowish.

Type locality: Rockville, 23 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 275

Porizon Fallen,
Thersilochus Holmgren.

P. conotracheli Riley.

Length 3.5 mm. ; head and thorax mostly black ; abdomen
mostly castaneous ; mandibles brownish, scape and pedicel light
brown ; flagel very dark brown ; legs brownish stramineous ; wings
clear with a brownish tinge, stigma brownish stramineous, veins
nearly concolorous with the stigma, the costa brown, the tegulae
stramineous ; first abdominal segment mostly black or blackish,
castaneous at and near the apex ; exserted portion of the oviposi-
tor nearly as long as the body, or approximately 3 mm.

Parasitic on the plum curculio.

New Haven, 14 May, 1904, on flowers of two species of
gooseberry {Rihes occidentalis and R. oxyacanthoides) (H.
L. v.).

Porizonidea Viereck.

Type: Porizon exhaustator (Fabricius).

P. sp.

New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Orthopelma Taschenberg.

Proedrus Foerster.

O. diastrophi Ashmead.

Male and female : length 4 mm. ; ovipositor 1.6 mm. ; head and
thorax black ; legs, including coxse, and abdomen, reddish ; base of
second dorsal segment and all sutures stramineous, the apex more
or less dusky, the petiole black ; antennae dark brown, their first,
second and third joints paler ; clypeus, mandibles, and palpi
reddish ; wings hyaline, stigma and veins brown ; in the male the
first and second antennal joints reddish.

Reared from galls of Diastrophus radicum in Waterbury.

Plectiscidea Viereck.

Plectiscus Authors, not Gravenhorst.

Type: Plectiscus collaris Gravenhorst.

Key to Species.

Clypeus strongly elevated and with a beak-like projection in

female; abdomen rugose, sessile, basal segment without a

2"]^ CONNECncUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST, SURVEY. [Bull.

distinct furrow above; wings without an areolet; length
4 mm. (female, male); black; mesonotum, sternum, pleurae,
scutel, front, and clypeus, pale rufous varied more or less
with white; a narrow annulus toward apex of antennae in
female; orbital lines, cheeks, mouth-parts, and venter,
white; legs blackish stramineous varied with white; wings
hyalime, veins and stigma pale yellow; exserted portion of

ovipositor i mm. long nasuta

Clypeus not strongly projecting; wings with an areolet; face
not narrowed below; propodeum areolated; clypeus arched
and somewhat compressed at sides; suture between face
and clypeus represented only by a crease; length 6 mm.
(female) ; black, with face, cheeks, mouth-parts, tegulae,
fore and mid coxae and trochanters, bases of hind tarsi,
spot at base on each side of second abdominal segment,
median stripe from middle of second dorsal segment to
apex of third segment, and abdomen beneath, white;
sternum and pleurae reddish, stigma reddish, legs pale
rufous, with hind tibiae black at apex; exserted portion
of ovipositor about one-fourth as long as abdomen ..pleuralis

P. (Aperileptus ?) contentionis Viereck (new species).
Mesoleptus rufipes Cresson, not Provancher.

Female: body 7 mm. long; exserted portion of ovipositor 3
mm. long; head and thorax mostly smooth and polished; first,
second, and third dorsal abdominal segments granular, dullish ;
segments beyond shining, minutely, shallow^ly punctate rather than
granular ; metathorax shining but roughened, especially the sides,
which are rather wrinkled ; dorsal aspect of metathorax separated
from posterior aspect by a carina, the posterior aspect excavated
and polished smooth, dorsal aspect separated into three practi-
cally equal longitudinal areas by two almost parallel raised lines;
metapleurse practically confluent (i.e., not separated by a distinct
raised line) with the fused lateral areas of the metanotum; an-
tennae 25- jointed; mouth-parts, scape, and pedicel mostly testa-
ceous, rest of antennae and face mostly brown ; thorax mostly
black ; scutel and postscutel yellow ; tubercles and tegulae yellow-
ish ; legs yellowish testaceous to reddish testaceous ; abdomen
above black, except for the sutures, which are more or less brown
or bordered with brown or testaceous.

Type locality: New York State. Also from Connecticut.

°P. pleui-alis Provancher.

°P. (Campothreptus) nasuta Cresson.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 277

Cremastus Gravenhorst.
Key to Species.

Male: head brown; face, orbits, clypeus, mandibles, and
palpi, yellow; middle of face clouded with fulvous; anten-
nae black, scape beneath dull reddish; thorax dull yellowish
brown; lobes of mesothorax darker medially, prothorax
yellow, scutel dark yellowish; propodeum black; meta-
pleurx shading into brown; tegulae yellow; wings hyaline,
veins fuscous; legs yellowish varied with brown, especially
hind pair; tips of hind tibiae blackish; abdomen with its
first and second dorsal segments as well as corresponding
ventral segments, yellow, the remaining segments reddish,
with a black spot at base above retiniae

Female: length 6-7 mm.; black; clypeus, mandibles, palpi,
maxillae, and upper two-thirds of orbits, yellow; antennae
piceous, yellowish brown beneath near their bases; hind
margins of dorsal abdominal segments behind second
sometimes brownish; venter yellowish; exserted portion
of ovipositor two-thirds as long as abdomen; fore and
mid legs, including coxae, light yellow with dusky tarsi;
hind legs dull yellowish red, with coxae, except at tips,
and basal portion of trochanters, black; tarsi dusky; tegu-
lae and veins at base of wings whitish yellow, pest of veins
and stigma, except a whitish spot at base of latter, pale
brown cooki

°C. retiniae Cresson. Temelucha retinice Ashmead.
Parasitic on the tortricid known as the pitch-pine Retinia
(Retinia rigidana), inhabiting the terminal shoots of the pitch
pine (Pinus rigida) .

°C. cooki Weed. Temelucha cookii Ashmead.
Parasitic on the strawberry leaf -roller {Ancylis comptana).
Its host is common in Connecticut.

Mesochorus Gravenhorst.

Key to Species.

1. Thorax almost entirely or entirely black; vertex and

occiput black; orbits yellowish 2

Thorax not colored as in preceding category 3

2. Front below antennae bright yellow, with a slight reddish

tinge down its middle; palpi stramineous; antennje brown,
pale yellowish at base; second antennal joint pale brown
above, third yellow, fourth and fifth pale yellowish brown;
tegulae and base of wings greenish yellow, wings otherwise

278 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

clear except stigma, which is brown, and veins, which
are concolorous with stigma; legs, including coxae, stra-
mineous; tarsi of fore and mid legs, near claws, dusky;
tarsi of hind legs a 'little dusky except on basal two-
thirds of first joint, darkest near claws; abdomen black,
with a yellowish band in middle, posterior edge of second
and anterior two-thirds of third dorsal segment, yellow;
ovipositor not quite as long as abdomen is wide; body 4

mm. long pieridicola

Front below antennae mostly blackish, antennae brownish
throughout; tegulae brownish stramineous; base of wings
yellowish; legs brownish stramineous, tips of hind femora
concolorous with remainder of this member and without
an annulus of brown, which latter, however, exists at tips
of the hind tibiae; abdomen black, except a pale, seem-
ingly yellowish, apical edge to the dorsal segments; ex-
serted portion of ovipositor a little longer than greatest
width of abdomen; length of body 3 mm.; otherwise about
the same as in description of pieridicola as detailed above

Calais

3. Thorax mostly black or rufous 4

Thorax mostly yellow or marked with yellow-brown, or

mostly yellow-stramineous, or mosty stramineous 5

4. Thorax mostly reddish; eyes and ocelli black, antennae fus-

cous, except toward their bases; upper surface of thorax
fuscous in some individuals; hind knees slightly dusky,
tips of hind tibiae distinctly dusky; wings hya-
line, veins and stigma dusky; abdomen translucent,
yellowish white in its central third, remaining two-
thirds piceous black, with a distinct, narrow, yellow-
ish annulus at base of third dorsal segment; or basal ab-
dominal joint and articulations of apical third of abdo-
men light reddish; head in addition mostly reddish; head
of female from mouth up, piceous; male with its thorax
piceous black; ovipositor dusky, its exserted portion slightly
longer than greatest width of abdomen. Length of body

2-3 mm vitreus

Thorax mostly black; scape and pedicel, face below anten-
nae, lower half of cheeks, tegulse, extreme bases of front
wings, part of collar or pronotum, legs, including coxae (ex-
cept a brownish annulus at tips of hind femora), and apical
edge of second dorsal abdominal segment, more or less yel-
, low or yellowish; parts of head not mentioned above, black;
third dorsal abdominal segment mostly brownish yellow;
abdomen beneath mostly pale brownish; exserted portion of
ovipositor not quite as long as greatest width of abdomen

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, 2/9

and yellow in color; wings practically colorless, stigma
and veins brownish. Length 3.5-4 mm. luteipes

5. Thorax marked with brownish above, or only partly brown-

ish above 6

Thorax unicolorous and brownish stramineous 7

6. Female: 4.7 mm. long; exserted portion of ovipositor a lit-

tle longer than second dorsal abdominal segment; head
and antennae, except ocellar region, which is black, mostly
stramineous and brownish stramineous; thorax brownish,
except dorsulum and propodeum, which are blackish; tegu-
Ije, base of wings, legs, including coxse, greater part of
apical two-thirds of second dorsal abdominal segment
and all of third dorsal abdominal segment, except apical
margin of latter (which is blackish), yellow; dorsal ab-
dominal segments beyond third brownish and brownish
stramineous, petiole of abdomen mostly brownish stramin-
eous; wings colorless, except stigma and veins, which are

brownish; hind tibise with brownish tips americanus

Species not answering description of americanus as given
above, in all particulars 8

7. Male: head mostly concolorous with thorax, antennae mostly

brownish; legs almost entirely yellow-stramineous; abdo-
men mostly brown, its apical dorsal half blackish; wings
faintly tinged with brown; stigma and veins brownish.

Length 4.5 mm malleus

Female: head and antennae as in melleus; legs as in last-men-
tioned species, except hind tibiae, which have apical fourth
brown; size of body approximately as in melleus; abdomen
with its dorsum mostly yellow, faintly tinted with brown,
and its dorsal segments more or less margined with brown;
ventral portion of abdomen brownish; wings as in melleus as
described above; ovipositor nearly as long as first dorsal
abdominal segment obliquus

8. About 2.5 mm. long; almost entirely yellowish stramineous,

with the following exceptions: ocellar region and eyes
black or blackish; dorsum of thorax partly brownish; dor-
sum of abdomen (except second and third dorsal segments,
which are mostly 'yellow) mostly blackish or brownish;
hind femora at apex and hind tarsi (partly) more or less

brownish scitulus

Species related to scitulus, but answering the following de-
scription, at least in female: length 2.3-3 mm.; ovipositor
exserted, pale honey-yellow or yellowish white, disk of dor-
sulum and propodeum reddish brown, the latter in some in-
dividuals black; tips of mandibles black; abdomen black,
but with a luteous spot occupying most of second and third
dorsal segments; a spot at base of hind tibiae, and apex of

28o CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

the same, brown; wings hyaline, stigma and veins practi-
cally concolorous with the rest of the wing, or hyaline,
except costa, which alone is slightly luteous aprilinus

*M. aprilinus Ashmead.

Reared from the cocoons of Protapanteles congregatus (Say).
*M. Calais Viereck (new species).

Type locality: Yalesville, 19 October, 1903 (H. L. V.).
°M. pieridicola Packard.

The host of this species is questionably Protapanteles congre-
gatus (Say).

°M. vitreus Walsh.

This is one of the American species hyper-parasitic on the
army worm, (Leucania, Heliophila) Cirphis unipuncta.

°M. scitulus Cresson.

The secondary hosts of this insect are said to be the clouded
sulphur butterfly, (Colias) Eurymus philodice, and the sphingid,
Smerinthus jamakensis.

°M. obliquus Cresson.

This species owes its name to the two oblique brown marks at
the base of the second dorsal abdominal segment.
°M. melleus Cresson.

This is probably the male of the preceding species.
°M. americanus Cresson.
°M. luteipes Cresson.

Paniscus Gravenhorst.

P. geminatus Say. PI. ix. Fig. 9 ; also Howard, Insect Book,
PI. X, Fig. 23.

Length 9-16 mm. ; brownish stramineous ; eyes slate-color in
death ; ocelli brown, antennae brownish ; wings hyaline, but with
the stigma yellowish stramineous and the veins brownish ; oviposi-
tor, i.e., the exserted portion thereof, and the sheaths brown, the
former a little longer than the metatarsus or first joint of the tarsi
of the hind legs.

The records of this species in the collection of the Connecticut
Agricultural Experiment Station of New Haven (gathered by
W. E. B., H. W. W., B. H. W., P. L. B., and the writer) indicate

«

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 281

that it occurs throughout the state. It has been taken in May,
July, August, and September.

°P. albotarsatus Provancher.

Average length 9 mm. ; similar to geminatus, except as fol-
lows : tarsal joints of a whitish hue (whence the name) ; exserted
portion of ovipositor not quite as long as the second tarsal joint
of the hind legs ; antennas stramineous.

Opheltes Holmgren.

The only species of this genus occurring in Connecticut is the
following :

O. glaucopterus (Linnseus). Howard, Insect Book, PI. x,
Fig. 27.

Length 18-20 mm. ; head blackish above, with the remainder
thereof, including the antennae, brownish stramineous ; thorax
black, except the tegulse, which are stramineous, and the scutel,
which is brownish stramineous ; wings yellowish, the hind pair
broadly margined with a faint fuscous cloud ; legs brownish,
except the coxas, which are mostly blackish ; abdomen reddish,
barring the blackish apical third ; ovipositor scarcely as long as
the second joint of the hind tarsi ; in some specimens more than
the scutel is brownish or brownish stramineous.

Erigcrgus (Foerster) Brischke.
Anomalon Authors, not Panzer.
Key to Species. '

1. Length less than 25 mm. (see also description at end of this

genus) 2

Length 25 mm. ; colored like lateralis or very nearly so ; pro-
podeum with a deep, median, longitadinal channel relictus

2. Length less than 20.5 mm 3

Length 20.5 mm. (female); reddish, with clear wings; anten-
nae piceous, basal joints yellow, fourth and fifth joints
blackish; head yellow, eyes reddish; summit and back of
head black, a yellow orbital dot on each side of the
ocelli; inner edge of mandibles piceous; front and base of
mesothorax, apex of propodeum, sternum, apical half of
first abdominal segment and second dorsal abdominal
segment, black; sheaths of ovipositor yellow,clavate; fore
legs, basal half of hind tibiae, and tarsi yellow; hind coxae

282 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

reddish beneath and black above; trochanters, apex of
femora and tibiae black; tegulae yellow; wings hyaline, .hyalinus

3. Length less than 20 mm 4

Length 20 mm.; reddish; vertex mostly blackish; face mostly

yellowish; sutures of thorax black; scutel yellowish; apical
fourth of abdomen mostly blackish; hind coxae and their
proximal trochanters mostly blackish; hind tibiae brown,
with apical third mostly blackish; hind tarsi with basal
joints yellowish; wings transparent, with a yellowish tinge;
antennas pale brown; ovipositor not much longer than face
is wide; propodeum without a deep, median, longitudinal
channel lateralis

4. Length less than 19 mm 5

Length 19 mm. (male); black; abdomen reddish, spotted with

yellow and black; antennse piceous, black at tips and bases
above (yellow beneath); face below antennae and a nar-
row line back of eyes, mandibles, and palpi, yellow;
scutel black; first, second, and part of third and fourth
segments of abdomen rufous, a black line on summit of
second, sides of third and fourth segments black, spotted
with yellow; fore and mid legs yellow; hind coxae, spot on
trochanters, femora, and apex of tibiae, black; a spot on tip
of coxae beneath, trochanters, base of tibiae and tarsi, yel-
low; tarsi blackish above; wings hyaline; tegulae and basal
half of costa yellowish; stigma piceous curtus

5. Length less than 18 mm 6

Length 18 mm. (female); reddish and black; third antennal

joint as long as fourth and fifth together; color piceous, .
darkest toward tip; basal joint reddish, as are some of the
succeeding joints; head reddish; eyes converging beneath
head; face below antennae yellow; edge of clypeus, labrum
and mandibles reddish; scutel yellow; sides of mesothorax,
a dot behind scutel, propodeum above, a stripe curving
from tegulae to base of pleurae, and abdomen, reddish; rest
of thorax, a line above second dorsal abdominal segment
and on sides of apical and four preceding abdominal seg-
ments, black; sheaths of ovipositor yellow; fore and mid
legs, hind trochanters and tarsi, yellow; all coxae, mid fem-
ora above, hind femora and tibiae reddish; hind trochan-
ters in part, and apex of tibiae black; femora and tips of
tarsi above, blackish; wings faintly smoky; tegulae yellow-
ish; stigma and costa reddish semirufus

6. Length less than 17 mm 7

Length 17 mm. (female); differs from lateralis as follows:

wings with blackish tinge; antennae dark brown; mid legs
almost exclusively yellow or yellowish stramineous; apical
half of abdomen black or blackish; also in exserted portion

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 283

of ovipositor being not quite as long as face of this species
is broad. Abdomen may be of a brownish hue and mid
legs partly brownish; basal area of propodeum rather wider
than long analis

7. Length less than 15 mm 8

Length 15 mm. (male); black and reddish, yellow beneath;

antennae reddish, sides of first joint, second and fourth
above and at apex, black; basal joint above and below, and
second and fourth beneath, yellow; head yellow, ocelli
ruby-colored, a black spot on vertex (enclosing ocelli, with
a yellow dot on each side) extending down on the occi-
put; mesothorax, apex of propodeum and part of pleurae,
black; tegulae, scutel, front of pleurae and sternum, yellow;
prothorax, space below scutel, base of propodeum and ab-
domen, pale reddish; line above second segment and apex
of abdomen black; fore and mid legs, hind coxae, trochan-
ters and tarsi, yellow; a spot on hind coxae and trochan-
ters above and apical half of tibiae, black; femora and
bases of tibiae rufous; wings hyaline; stigma pale luteopectus

8. Length less than 13 mm 9

Length 13 mm. (female); black and reddish; face yellow,

cheeks behind eyes reddish, vertex and occiput black; scape
yellow below, black above; fore and mid legs yellow; hind
coxae, femora, and tibiae black, with a rufous spot on coxae,
their femora with a varying amount of the same color;
wings perfectly hyaline, veins dark brown; abdomen with
first and second segments black (slightly rufous below);
remainder of abdomen reddish pseudargioli

9. Length less than 12 mm 10

Length 12 mm.; honey-yellow, with sternum black;

antennae reddish, second joint above, base of fourth,
and joints of %pical portion of antennae, blackish;
joints of basal portion of antennae yellow beneath; a spot
enclosing ocelli and touching antennae, and a spot on back
of head, black; face below antennae and the cheeks
yellow; a spot on prominent lobe of mesothorax, sutures
about scutel, and ultimate and penultimate segments of
abdomen above, black; other abdominal segments darkest
above; fore and mid coxae and trochanters, anterior legs,
and mid and hind tarsi at base, yellow; remainder of legs
reddish; wings hyaline, veins black. In the male, the verti-
cal spot is larger than in the female, and the lower half of
pleurae and the summit and sides of propodeum are black

prismaticus
10. Length less than 11 mm il

Length 11 mm.; in color like the variety of analis, with apical

284 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

fourth of dorsum of abdomen mostly blackish; basal area

of propodeum about twice as long as wide rufulus

II. Length 10 mm.; antennse black; discoidal cell exteriorly
strongly contracted at base, thorax entirely black; valves
of ovipositor or sheaths of latter brown; abdomen reddish;
face, mandibles, and tegulae pale yellow; wings hyaline,
propodeum with a deep groove down middle; legs yellow-
ish red; hind coxae and their trochanters black; abdomen
with a black line on second dorsal segment, its apical

segment brownish black exilis

Length 8.5 mm. (female); antennae piceous; most of fourth
joint, extreme base of each succeeding joint, and apex,
blackish; head yellow, smooth, a distinct black spot en-
closing ocelli and extending over back of head; a spot in
front and rear of mesothorax, a triangular spot on pleurae,
sternum, ultirAate, penultimate, and antipenultimate ab-
dominal segments above, black; abdomen beneath, fore
and mid legs, and hind tarsi (in part), varying from yellow
to pale reddish; fore and mid coxae and trochanters white;
hind legs rufous; trochanters and tips of tibiae blackish;
wings hyaline, veins blackish metallicus

°E. relictus (Fabricius).
*E. hyalinus (Norton).
Tyipe locality : Farmington.

°E. lateralis (BruUe).

°E. curtus (Norton). Howard, Insect Book, PI. x, Fig. 28.

°E. semirufus (Norton).

E. analis (Say).

Colebrook, 21 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).^

*E. luteopectus (Norton).
Farmington.

°E. pseudargioli (Howard).

Hosts: (Thecla) Uranotes melinus, (Lyccena) Cyaniris
pseudargiolus.

E. prismaticus (Norton).

Has been taken in June and July.

E. (Agr5^on) rufulus (Provancher).
Cheshire, 8 July, 1904 (H. L. V.).

°E. exilis (Provancher).
Host: American tent-caterpillar.

°E. metallicus (Norton).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 285

E. (Sympratis) ferrugineus (Norton).

Length ii mm., or less, to 15 mm.; face mostly brownish, eye
margins yellow, front largely black, vertex and occiput mostly or
entirely black ; cheeks brown ; mandibles mostly yellow, with a
brownie tint and tipped with blackish, antennae pale brown
beneath ; dark brown above ; thorax mostly black, mottled with
reddish, the latter color confined chiefly to the mesonotum, scutel,
mesopleurse, and metapleurse; coxse mostly black, tipped with
brown ; trochanters brown ; fore femora yellowish in front, other-
wise brown, the same as fore tibiae and tarsi ; mid femora, tibiae
and tarsi more or less brown, the mid tibiae partly yellow; hind
femora blackish beneath, brownish above, their tibiae brown with
the apical third blackish, basal joint of their tarsi mostly yellow,
rest of tarsi mostly brown; wings yellowish brown, stigma and
veins brown; abdomen mostly reddish, the black being confined
to the second, fourth, and following segments on the summit of
the abdomen and to the lower half of the sides of the third and
following segments ; exserted portion of ovipositor about as long
as the first joint of the hind tarsi. The ferruginous area of the
thorax may encroach on the propodeum.

New Haven, 3-10 May, 1904 and 1906, on flowers of honey-
suckle {Lonicera fragrantissima) , gooseberry {Ribes oxyacan-
thoides), currant {R. ruhrum), willow, and Japan plum {Primus
trMora) (W. E. B. and H. L. V.).

Heteropelma Wesmael.

H. flavicorne Brulle. Howard, Insect Book, PI. x, Fig. 18.

Length 26 mm. ; black or brown, with fuscous or dark brown
wings ; antennae mostly yellow or orange in color ; fore femora
and tibiae mostly yellowish in front ; rest of fore legs dark brown
or blackish ; exserted portion of ovipositor scarcely half the
length of the first joint of the hind tarsi.

This species is a parasite on the larva of Sphinx luscitiosa.

Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Mt. Carmel, 27
August, 1904 (P. L. B.).

°H. datanae Riley.

Female : length 25 mm. ; reddish brown, abdomen varying to
bronzy black; antennae yellowish brown, a little darker than the

286 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

head and thorax; scape yellowish beneath; face below antennae
and a narrow band around eyes (sometimes obsolete above)
gamboge yellow ; eyes dark brown or black in death ; thorax
darker above than below ; mesonotum with three broad, darker,
longitudinal bands which vary in intensity ; propodeum varying
in color ; legs, especially tibiae and tarsi, lighter in color than the
thorax ; fore trochanters sometimes quite yellow ; wings dark
fuliginous with bronze reflection ; abdomen mostly concolorous
with the thorax.

Parasitic on species of Datana.

Therion Curtis.

Exochilum Wesmael.

Key to Species.

1. Length 25 mm., or a little longer or shorter 2

Length much less than 25 mm 4

2. Color differing from Heteropelma Aavicorne practically only

as follows: mid legs partly dark brown; hind legs with
basal two-thirds of tibiae yellow, apical third blackish; their
tarsi with first and second joints almost entirely con-
colorous with the pale color of their tibiae; remaining tarsal
joints brown; legs may be more varied with yellowish
brown and abdomen with brown; exserted portion of ovi-
positor not quite as long as thorax morio

Not as in morio 3

3. Black, with reddish marks; wings smoky yellow; antennae

mostly reddish; legs mostly yellowish; coxae and apical

half of hind femora and tibiae black fuscipenne

Black; tarsi in part reddish; wings black, semiopaque, stigma
dark; antennae mostly yellow tenuipes

4. Length less than 19 mm 5

Length 19 mm.; head mostly brownish red except face and

cheeks, which are mostly yellowish; thorax, except
blackish sutures, mostly brownish red; wings, antennae,
and legs much the same in color as in fuscipenne. .nigrovarium

5. Length 14 mm.; otherwise agreeing with description of nigro-

varium given above, except as follows: thorax mostly black,
sides thereof partly reddish, greater part of hind fem-
ora, and apical third of their tibiae black or blackish;
exserted portion of ovipositor nearly as long as first joint

of hind tarsi sassacus

Length 13 mm. (male); otherwise much as in above descrip-
tion of sassacus, from which it differs as follows: reddish,
with the following parts more or less black: front, vertex,
sutures of thorax, hind coxae, lower half and extreme upper

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 287

edge of abdomen; face mostly yellowish brown, fore
and mid coxae stramineous waccagum

T. morio (Fabricius). Exochilum mundum {Szy) . Howard,
Insect Book, PI. x, Figs. 13, 14.

Hosts: (Pyrameis) Vanessa cardui, (Papilio) Iphidicles
ajax, Zerene centenaria.

New Haven, 20 July, 1904 (B. H. W.) ; Branford, 28 June,
I, 5, and 7 July, 1905 (H. W. W.).

°T. fuscipenne Norton.
*T. tenuipes Norton.
°T. nigrovarium Brulle.
*T. sassacus Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Windsor, 26 July, 1905 (W. E. B.).

*T. waccagum Viereck (new species).
Type locality: North Haven, 3 August, 1905 (B. H. W.).

Thyreodon Brulle.

T. brullei (new name). T. morio Authors, not Fabricius.
Howard, Insect Book, PI. x, Fig. 15.

In size and color almost exactly like Heteropelma Havicorne;
face mostly yellow in the male. Parasitic on Sphinx coniferarum.

New Haven, 20 July, 1903 (B. H. W.) ; North Haven, 3 Au-
gust, 1905 (H. L. v.).

Ophion Fabricius.
Key to Species.

1. Cubitodiscoidal cell uniformly membranous 2

Cubitodiscoidal cell with thickenings in form of glabrous

spots or areas on its membrane 6

2. Wings hyaline 3

Wings deep brown; body brownish stramineous, except ab-
domen, which is mostly brownish slossoni

3. Length 16 mm 4

Length 25 mm.; stramineous to brownish stramineous . .macrurus

4. Body stramineous to pale brownish stramineous; wings col-

orless or nearly so 5

Body reddish or dark brownish stramineous; wings yellowish,
tinted with brown bifoveolatus

5. Propodeum with one large enclosed area on its posterior

aspect, or with more than one, but differing from tityri

bilineatus
Propodeum with a number of quadrangular areas on poste-

288 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

rior aspect, formed by seven lines radiating from inser-
tion of abdomen and by two transverse ridges. Length

17.5 mm. (male) tityri

6. Length 16-23 mm.; stramineous to brownish stramineous;
head more or less yellowish; ocelli equidistant, mandibles
fuscous apically; scutel stramineous; wings transparent

with a fuscous tinge; legs honey-yellow purgatus

Length 23 mm.; light reddish, head yellowish; ocelli equi-
distant; mandibles fuscous apically; scutel yellow; wings
hyaline, without a fuscous tinge, legs honey-yellow ..arcuatus

O. (Enicospilus) arcuatus Felt.
South Britain, 1884 (G. F. Pierce).

O. (E.) purgatus Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. x, Fig. 19.

A parasite of the army worm {Lettcania, Heliophila) Cirphis
unipuncta.

North Haven, 27 May, 1904 (W. E. B.) ; New Haven, 6 July,
1904 (H. L. V.) ; Branford, 5 July, 1904 (P. L. B.) ; Stonington,
7 August, 1906 (W. E. B.).

°0. (Ophion) tityri Packard.
Parasitic on (Eudamus) Epargyreus tityrus.

O. (O.) bifoveolatus Brulle.

O. (O.) bilineatus Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI, x, Fig.
17; Scudder, Butterflies of New England, Vol. Ill, PI. 88, Fig. 8.

Parasitic on (Eudamus) Epargyreus tityrus.

Mt. Carmel, 25 May, 1906, Poquonock, 22 March, 1905, New
Haven, 26 April, 1905 (B. H. W.) ; New Haven, 23 August 1904,
Woodmont, 24 May, 1905 (P. L. B.) ; New Haven, i September,
1904 (H. L. V.) ; New Haven, 24 May, 1905, Salisbury, 27 Au-
gust, 1904 (W. E. B.) ; Branford, 5 July, 1905 (H. W. W.).

*0. (O) slossoni Davis.
Reared from (Acronycta) Apatela.

O. (Allocamptus) macrurus Linnaeus. Howard, Insect Book,
PI. ix. Figs. 7, 8. Parasite of the Cecropia moth, Samia cecropia.
New Haven (A. E. V., W. E. B.).

Zemiodes Foerster.
°Z. flavifrons Cresson.

Male : length 7 mm. ; mostly black, with abdomen and hind
legs reddish ; propodeum with longitudinal carinas ; nervulus and
basal veins interstitial.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 289

Symphobus Foerster.

°S. pleuralis Cresson.

Female : body 5 mm. long ; ovipositor with its exserted portion
5 mm. long. ; body mostly black, with pleurae, sternum, scutel and
lateral portions of second and third abdominal segments reddish ;
legs honey-yellow ; hind tarsi and apex of femora and tibiae also
dusky; abdominal segments beyond the second distinctly mar-
gined with white; areolet petiolate.

Oxytorus Foerster.

°0. antennatus Cresson.

Female : length of body 7 mm. ; reddish to blackish red, with
the head opaque, blackish, antennae with a white annulus, rest of
antennae blackish except the scape, which, like the mouth-parts,
is reddish ; hind tarsi annulated with white ; wings hyaline, veins
and stigma pale.

Rogas Nees.

Alexeter (Foerster) Wolstedt.
Key to Species.
Antennae with a white annulus; hind femora and coxae red-
dish; notauli wanting honestus

Antennae without a pale annulus; scutel reddish; notauli pres-
ent; thorax and abdomen pale, unicolorous; head con-
colorous with thorax, face more or less yellow . . . canaliculatus

*R. honestus Cresson.
Female and male : length 6-8 mm. ; mostly reddish.

°R. canaliculatus Provancher.

Female and male: length 8-1 1 mm. ; mostly pale honey-yellow
to reddish, with the face, mouth-parts, tegulae, fore and mid legs
yellowish or pale.

Hadrodactylus Foerster.
Key to Species.

Thorax black; second abdominal segment scarcely longer than
broad; hind legs reddish; abdomen sometimes dusky at
apex, the latter mostly reddish; trochanters usrually, and

fore and mid coxae, yellow inceptus

Thorax reddish; head black; face and hind tarsi yellow ....

longicomis
19

290 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

H. inceptus Cresson.

Female and male : length 8-12 mm.

°H. longicornis Cresson.

Female and male : length 10 mm. ; abdomen dark reddish ;
areolet sometimes incomplete or wanting; trochanters and fore
and mid coxae yellow.

Mesoleptidea Viereck.

Mesoleptus Authors, not Gravenhorst.

Key to Species.

1. Clypeus transversely impressed before apex, usually ridged

transversely back of the impression and more or less

emarginate at the front edge; hind femora pale 2

Clypeus elevated, without a distinct margin at apex or trans-
verse impression before apex; hind femora rufous; petiole
of abdomen and coxae rufous; scutel and often part of
thorax rufous rufigastra

2. Antennae without a white annulus; abdominal segments black,

with apical margins more or less white 3

Antennae reddish albifrons

3. Sternum and scutel white ..decens

Sternum of female honey-yellow, scutel of male with two

white stripes zebrata

°M. rufigastra Provancher.

Female : length 5 mm. ; head and thorax mostly black ; abdo-
men mostly reddish.

°M. zebrata Davis.

Female and male : length 5 mm. ; mostly black, ornamented
with pure ivory-white; whitish ornaments in the male not so
pure white except on the abdomen.

*M. albifrons Cresson.
Female : length 9 mm. ; mostly reddish, with the head, pro-
notum, mesonotum, abdomen beyond petiole, and apical por-
tion of hind tibiae, dusky red to black.
*M. decens Cresson.
Female and male : length 7-10 mm ; mostly black, ornamented
with white.

Gausocentrus Foerster.
°G. gyrini Ash mead.

Male : length 3.5-3.8 mm. ; black* shining, impunctate or
apparently so, clothed with sparse grayish hairs that are more in

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 29I

evidence on the' face and metapleura than elsewhere ; apex of
second dorsal abdominal segment broadly margined with red;
petiole of abdomen and second dorsal segment toward base sub-
opaque, the former channeled, the latter feebly pitted basally;
petiole of abdomen nearly as wide at base as at apex, and about
one-fourth longer than the second abdominal segment, third seg-
ment about two-thirds as long as the second, the fourth about
one-half as long as the third, succeeding segments shorter, sub-
equal.

Bred from a water beetle of the genus Gyrinus.

Catoglyptus Foerster,
*C. ? fucatus Cresson.

Female : length 6-8 mm. ; color varies from almost uniformly
brownish red, to brownish red with the thorax, except mesonotum
and scutel, and the upper part of the head, black ; abdomen often
dusky or blackish at apex; legs varied with pale yellow, dusky,
and blackish ; antennae varying shades of brown, reddish toward
apex ; ovipositor exserted ; areolet wanting.
Type locality : Connecticut.

Notopygus Holmgren.

°N. cultus Cresson.

Female : length 9 mm. ; almost uniformly reddish, with face
and mouth-parts yellowish ; spot enclosing ocelli, another around
base of antennae, and dorsum of third and fourth abdominal seg-
ments, dusky.

Homaspis Foerster.

°H. albipes Davis.

Female : length 10 mm. ; mostly black, with the abdomen
almost entirely reddish ; thorax and head ornamented with white ;
upper portion of fore and mid coxae, their tibiae and their tarsi,
except apical segments, white ; rest of legs mostly reddish ;
ovipositor scarcely exserted .

Polycinetis Foerster.

°P. limatus Cresson.

Female and male : length 9 mm. ; mostly black ; mouth-parts,
tegulae, a point in front of the latter, a line beneath face, and

292 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

scape beneath in the male, yellow ; legs reddish, except the hind
tarsi and apex of their femora and tibiae, which are dusky, the
latter in addition with more or less white on the basal half,
especially in the female; areolet petiolate, oblique.

Spanotecnus Foerster.
Key to Species.

1. Head, thorax, and usually base of abdomen, coarsely punc-

tate 2

Head, thorax, and abdomen distinctly shagreened; body uni-
formly whitish yellow, or with dusky patches. Length
5 mm. (male and female) discolor

2. Thorax and most of rest of body dusky; scutel and face

mostly yellow obscurellus

Body, including thorax, almost or entirely uniformly reddish
brown or brownish stramineous concolor

*S. obscurellus Davis.
Female : length 6 mm. ; propodeum and legs reddish.

S. concolor Cresson.
Female and male: length 7-9 mm.

New Haven, 26 May, 1904 (H. L. V.) ; 17, 24 May, 1905 (W.
E. B., B. H. W.) ; Mt. Carmel, 24 May, 1906 (B. H. W.).
°S. discolor Cresson.

Mesoleius Holmgren.

Key to Species.

1. Abdomen black or blackish; scutel and apical margin of

dorsal abdominal segments more or less white; pleura

reddish or white , 2

Most of thorax and abdomen reddish, scutel yellow. .. .scapularis

2. Hind tibiae white at base or with a distinct white annulus;

mesonotum black; hind coxie and femora reddish

submarginatus
Hind tibiae without a distinct annulus; face mostly black;
scutel with lateral white stripes mellipes

*M. scapularis Cresson.
Female and male : length 8 mm. ; head black ; legs reddish,
except trochanters and fore and mid coxae, which are yellow ;
areolet usually absent.

M. submarginatus Cresson.

Female and male : length 5-8 mm. ; head black.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 293

°M. mellipes Provancher.

Female and male : length 6-7 mm. ; legs mostly dark to pale
reddish.

Holmgrenia Foerster.

*H. tarsalis Cresson.

Female : length 8 mm. ; mostly black ; dorsal abdominal seg-
ments with distinct, white, apical margins ; pleurae and sternum
reddish ; hind distal trochanters and a narrow annulus near the
base of hind tibiae, white ; hind coxae rufous ; hind femora black.

Type locality: Branford, 3 September, 1904 (H. L. V.).

Sphecophaga Westwood.

Cacotropa (Foerster) Thomson. ^

°S. hurra Cresson.

Female : length 7 mm. ; mostly reddish ; head, prothorax,
sternum, dorsum of thorax around bases of wings, and scutel,
mostly black or blackish ; anterior orbits, pronotum, tegulae, mar-
gin of prothorax and anterior margin of mesopleurae, white;
areolet absent ; ovipositor scarcely exserted. Male : differs in
having the thorax almost entirely blackish ; face, lower half of
cheeks, scape beneath, pedicel, sternum, fore and mid coxae and
trochanters, scutel, and the other parts noted in the description
of white portions in the female, white.

Dialges Foerster.
Key to Species.

Hind coxae black; scutel almost always black; hind tibiae
and tarsi black or blackish, with a yellow annulus; areolet
oblique; length 7 mm. (female and male); mostly black

frontalis

Hind coxae rufous; tibiae black with a yellow annulus; scutel
yellow; otherwise as in frontalis frontalis var. rivalis

°D. frontalis Davis.

°D. frontalis var. rivalis Davis.

Tryphon Gravenhorst.

No distinct transverse impressions before the apex on the
first and second dorsal abdominal segments.

294 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Key to Species.

1. Scutel quadrangular, flat above and distinctly margined and

beveled laterally seminiger

Scutel triangular, not flat above, but subpyramidal 2

2. Abdomen partly rufous; coxae and femora, except apex of lat-

ter, reddish communis

Abdomen black or blackish communis var. cljrpeatus

T. seminiger Cresson.

Female and male : length 6-8 mm. ; head and thorax mostly
black ; fore and mid legs mostly brownish stramineous, hind legs
mostly dusky or dark brown; most of first, sixth, and seventh
(fifth sometimes) dorsal abdominal segments black; areolet pres-
ent, oval petiolate ; ovipositor slightly exserted.

T. communis Cresson.

Female and male : length 6-9 mm. ; head and thorax mostly
black; first dorsal abdominal segment with the basal half partly
black ; legs mostly reddish ; areolet present, quadrangular, its
sides subequal, nearly sessile; ovipositor distinctly exserted.

°T. communis var. clypeatus Provancher.
Male: diflfers from the typical form in having the abdomen
black or blackish.

Quadrigana Davis.

°Q. americana Cresson.

Female and male : length 9-1 1 mm. ; black, with the abdomen,
except basal portion of petiole, reddish in the male; the face,
scape beneath, mouth-parts, tegulae, fore and mid legs, trochan-
ters, tarsi, and an annulus on the tibiae of the hind legs pale
yellow ; in the female these parts are more nearly reddish, while
the face above the clypeus is mostly black.

Cosmoconus Foerster.
°C. canadensis Provancher.

Female and male : length 6-9 mm. ; black ; face, mouth-
parts, more or less of antennae at base, fore and mid legs, except
more or less of the femora and coxae, hind legs (except coxae,
femora and apex of tibiae), tegulae, and more or less of abdomen
from apex of first to apex of fifth dorsal segment, pale lemon-
yellow ; the third segment always yellow ; antennas brown, red-
dish at apex.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 295

Synoecetes Foerster.
Key to Species.

Face mostly black, clypeus yellow; thorax black; abdomen
and legs rufous; fore and mid legs paler; in male, trochan-
ters and coxae whitish; mouth parts and tegulae pale yellow,
antennae reddish; petiole of abdomen often dusky; wings
hyaline, veins and stigma brown. Length 6-7 mm. (female
and male) sedulus

Face yellow; rest of head mostly black; antennae, legs, and
more or less of median dorsal abdominal segments, red-
dish; mouth-parts, scape beneath, tegulae, trochanters, fore
and mid coxae, whitish yellow; wings hyaline, veins and
stigma yellow. Length 7 mm. (male) propinquus

S. sedulus Cresson.
°S. propinquus Cresson.

Provancherella Dalla Torre.

Baryceros Provancher.

°P. rhopalocera (Provancher).

Male : length 8 mm. ; head and thorax black ; abdomen and
legs reddish ; face, scape beneath, mouth-parts, cheeks at base of
mandibles, tegulse, trochanters, and fore and mid coxae, yellowish
white ; antennae pale reddish, with the apical fourth dark brown ;
basal segment of abdomen and apex of hind femora and tibiae,
more or less black; the apex of the abdomen may be dusky;
areolet oblique, petiolate.

Otlophorus Foerster.

°0. innumerabilis Davis.

Female and male : length 4-8 mm. ; mostly black ; abdomen red-
dish, with its petiole black, and in some cases with the second and
apical segments dusky in the male; legs reddish; coxae, and in
some specimens the trochanters, tibiae, and tarsi of hind legs in
the male, dusky; tibiae at apex and hind tarsi in the female
slightly dusky; apical half of clypeus, mouth-parts, and tegulae,
reddish; antennae black in the male, reddish brown in the female;
areolet oblique, petiolate.

°0. innumerabilis var. feria Davis.

Differs from the typical form in the coxae being pale reddish
or yellow in the male, and in the abdomen being devoid of black
except on the basal segment.

296 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Rhimphalea Foerster.

*R. erythrogastra Viereck (new species).

Female : length 8.5 mm. ; most of front, vertex, occiput, and
cheeks black ; rest of head mostly yellow ; scape mostly brown ;
pedicel mostly black or blackish ; flagel with its basal half pale
brown beneath, dark brown or blackish above, its apical half
mostly pale brown throughout ; thorax mostly black ; tegulae, an-
terior margin of propleurse, three marks on mesopleurae, scutel
mostly and postscutel mostly, yellow ; middle third of propodeum
mostly reddish ; wings with a quadrangular petiolate areolet ;
fore and mid coxse and trochanters mostly or entirely yellow ;
most of the remaining portions of the fore and mid legs brown-
ish stramineous ; hind coxse and trochanters mostly yellow ; the
femora partly reddish or concolorous with the hind femora,
which latter are tipped with dusky and yellow ; hind tibiae yellow-
ish at base, with a sub-basal blackish annulus, the remaining
portion brown, tipped with dusky, their tarsi mostly blackish ;
abdomen mostly reddish, the basal segment black basally, the
third and following dorsal segments with an apical yellowish
margin, the fourth and following dorsal segments more or less
dusky.

Type locality: Branford, i July, 1905 (H. W. W.).

Otoblastus Foerster.

O. corapressiventris (Cresson).

Female : length 5 mm. ; head and thorax black, with a median
spot on the face ; clypeus, mouth-parts, tegulae, tubercles, a spot
or two on the mesopleurae, a triangular spot on the margins of the
mesonotum, fore and mid coxae and trochanters, all lemon-yel-
low ; rest of legs stramineous ; abdomen reddish ; ultimate, penul-
timate, and sometimes the antepenultimate dorsal abdominal seg-
ments blackish or black, as is most of the basal dorsal segment ;
antennae brownish red ; ovipositor exserted ; abdomen strongly
compressed toward apex. Male : differs in the following particu-
lars : face entirely, antennae beneath, spot on cheeks beneath, and
stripe on anterior half of mesopleurae, yellow ; abdomen blackish,
reddish on the second and third dorsal segments; hind coxae
black, yellow at apex.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 297

Polyblastus Hartig.
Males and females : length 5-7 mm. ; mostly black.

Key to Species.

Clypeus except at extreme base, mouth-parts, tegulse, a
broad annulus on basal middle of hind tibiae, tibial spurs
and more or less of basal portion of tarsal segments, white;
remainder of hind tibiae and tarsi black; rest of legs red-
dish; antennae dark brown, paler at base than elsewhere

pedalis

Clypeus, mouth-parts, tegulae, fore and mid coxae, and all
trochanters, lenion-yellow; upper middle annulus on hind
tibiae and basal portion of tarsi white; rest of tibiae and
tarsi black or blackish; remainder of legs reddish; antennae
brown, paler beneath than above, yellowish in male; first
dorsal segment typically blackish, with its apical half pale
rufous, second, third, and sometimes adjoining dorsal seg-
ments reddish tibialis

P. pedalis (Cresson).

Thompson, 11 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°P. tibialis (Cresson).

Scolobates Gravenhorst.

°S. crassitarsus Gravenhorst.

Female : length 8 mm. ; head black except face, mouth-parts,
and cheeks, which are reddish : thorax black ; abdomen black, ex-
cept beneath, and second and third dorsal segments, all of which
are reddish ; coxae, trochanters, base of femora, hind tarsi and
their tibiae, except at base, black; rest of legs reddish; antennae
reddish brown.

Monoblastus Hartig.

M. varifrons (Cresson).

Female and male : length 5-7 mm. ; head and thorax mostly
black; abdomen usually reddish, with the basal and apical seg-
ments black or piceous, or the abdomen all or nearly all blackish ;
color of legs varying from entirely or almost entirely pale red-
dish, to dark reddish, with the fore and mid coxas and trochanters
yellowish white, and more or less of the hind coxae black, and
sometimes the trochanters and apex of tibiae and tarsi of hind
legs dusky; most of face, including the clypeus, and the mouth-

298 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

parts, tegulse, tubercles, and usually more or less of the scutel,
yellow, or the face only partly yellow ; antennae brown.

Erromenus Holmgren.
Females and males : length 6-7 mm. ; mostly black.

Key to Species.

Apical portion of clypeus, mouth-parts, and antennae in fe-
male dusky reddish; legs reddish; in male legs may be
blackish or black; antennae brownish black in male ....crassus

Apical portion of clypeus dusky reddish to yellowish; tegulse
blackish to yellowish, antennae black; legs reddish; coxae
and usually trochanters black; hind tibiae with a more or
less distinct yellow annulus at base; second, third, and
fourth dorsal abdominal segments reddish; third and fourth
sometimes blackish or black dimidiatus

E. dimidiatus Cresson.

Mt. Carmel, 24 May, 1906 (B. H. W.) ; New Haven, 24 May,
1905 (W. E. B.).

°E. crassus Cresson.

Scopiorus Foerster.
Females and males : length 6-y mm. ; mostly black.

Key to Species.

Face, mouth-parts, scape beneath, tegulae, trochanters, and
abdomen beneath, yellow; female in addition with lower
half of cheeks, sternum, lower margin of pleurae, fore and mid
coxae, and apical margin of last two or three dorsal abdom-
inal segments, yellow; male with more or less of a vertical
line on face and the clypeal suture yellow; antennae reddish
brown in male, in female more yellowish; areolet usually
present; legs and first three or four basal dorsal segments
of abdomen reddish analis

Clypeus, mandibles, palpi, tegulae, and scape beneath, yel-
lowish white; legs reddish, often with apex of femora and
tibiae and tarsi of hind legs dusky; antennae varying from
pale reddish brown to nearly black; areolet usually pres-
ent; abdomen varying from reddish with ultimate and pen-
ultimate dorsal segments black, to black with second dor-
sal segment either reddish or blackish subcrassus

S. subcrassus (Cresson).
°S. analis (Cresson).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 299

Euceros Gravenhorst.

Eumesius Westwood.

Key to Species.

1. Hind tibiae reddish, sometimes yellow at base; hind tarsi uni-

colorus ; wings faintly dusky at tips 2

Hind tibiae black or dusky, yellow at base; coxae black to
yellow; abdomen varied with black and yellow, and always
with a more or less distinct median longitudinal yellow
stripe; stigma reddish; hind coxae and scutel at base mostly
black. Length of body ii mm. (female and male) . . .canadensis

2. Sternum reddish and concolorous with rest of thorax 3

Sternum lemon-yellow; thorax above black and yellow;

mostly yellow. Length 9 mm. (male) .thoracicus

3. Abdomen fulvous, with more or less distinct transverse yel-

low spots; thoracic vittae yellow; mostly rufo-ferruginous
with yellow markings. Length 9-10 mm. (female) . .medialis
Abdomen and thorax uniformly pale fulvous; mostly pale
dull yellow or yellowish red without distinct yellow mark-
ings (female and male) flavescens

*E. thoracicus Cresson.

Type locality: Connecticut.
*E. flavescens Cresson.
°E. medialis Cresson.
°E. canadensis Cresson.

Eczetesis Foerster.

°E. paniscoides Ashmead.

Female: length 8-10 mm.; mostly honey-yellow, with the
abdomen darker toward the apex; face, prothorax, and tarsi
paler ; areolet triangular, subpetiolate ; ovipositor exserted.

Sympherta Foerster.

Key to Species.

Female and male: length 8 mm.; head and thorax mostly
black; abdomen mostly reddish; nervellus branched below
middle burra

Female: length 7 mm.; body almost entirely pale brownish
yellow; nervellus branched above middle unicolor

*S. burra (Cresson).

°S. (subgenus?) unicolor (Cresson).

300 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Ctenopelma Holmgren,

°C. sanguineum Provancher.

Female and male: length 8-10 mm.; mostly reddish; female
with the scutel, tegulae, and a line on the mesopleurae, and male
with the scutel, tegulae, tubercles, a line on the mesopleurae, the
sternum, face, orbital lines, and mouth-parts, yellow ; fore and
mid legs and prothorax yellowish ; areolet petiolate ; ovipositor
slightly exserted.

Rhorus Foerster.

R. bicolor (Cresson).

Female and male : length 7-8 mm. ; head and thorax mostly
black, abdomen mostly reddish, in the male blackish at base and
apex, in the female dusky at base ; fore and mid legs in the female
mostly brownish stramineous or plain stramineous, in the male
with the fore and mid coxae and trochanters as well as the tro-
chanters of the hind legs, whitish ; hind legs in both sexes mostly
reddish ; areolet hardly petiolate, practically sessile ; exserted por-
tion of ovipositor a little longer than the second joint of the hind
tarsi.

West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Exyston Schiodte.
Abdomen more or less reddish.

Key to Species.

1. Thorax black, with light markings 2

Thorax and head honey-yellow to reddish; petiole of abdo-
men carinate; wings hyaline. Length 7-8 mm. (female
and male) • • variatus

2. Scutel entirely yellow; hind coxae reddish; abdomen black

at base 3

Scutel yellow only at tip; abdomen blackish at apex; hind
coxae black or blackish, hind femora and tibiae reddish, nar-
rowly black at base and apex; abdomen mostly reddish,
black on first and at base of second, also at base of dor-
sal segments on apical portion of abdomen; apical margin
of third and following segments usually yellow; face en-
tirely yellow. Length 2.9 mm. (male) clavatus

3. Head black, or black and yellow, behind eyes; thorax usually

black. Length 6-9 mm. (female and male) abdominalis

Head reddish behind eyes; thorax more or less reddish;

as long as the typical form (female and male)

abdominalis var. rufinus

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 3OI

E. clavatus Cresson.
°E. variatus Provancher.
°E. abdominalis Cresson.
°E. abdominalis var. rufinus Davis.

Anecphysis Foerster.
°A. curvineura Davis.

Female and male : length 7 mm. ; mostly black ; face, orbital
lines at sides of antennae, mouth-parts, tegulae, a line on the meso-
pleurae, scutel, coxae of fore and mid legs, all trochanters, apex
of hind femora, base of hind tibiae, annulus in the middle of the
hind tibiae, a spot at the tip of the abdominal petiole in the middle,
a spot on each side at base of the second dorsal, and apical fifth
of the second and following dorsal abdominal segments, lemon-
yellow ; hind coxae black, rest of hind legs except yellow portions,
and all femora, reddish black; fore and mid tibiae and tarsi
brownish yellow.

A. ruficrus (Walsh).

Female : length 5 mm. ; head mostly black, with the sub-
antennal protuberance, the pedicel in front and most of the man-
dibles, yellow; palpi stramineous; scape in front yellowish
brown ; flagel pale brown beneath, dark brown above ; thorax
mostly black ; tubercles, tegulae, a mark at the lateral edge of the
mesonotum anteriorly, fore and mid coxae and trochanters, yel-
low ; hind trochanters also yellow ; rest of legs reddish or nearly
so; abdomen mostly reddish, first dorsal segment, summit of
fourth dorsal, summit and part of sides of fifth dorsal, and
nearly all of the following segments, black; exserted portion of
ovipositor as long as or a little longer than the first joint of the
hind tarsi.

West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Exenterus Hartig.

Ctentscus Curtis.
Key to Species.

1. Thorax black or with yellow markings; scutel more or less

yellow; face yellow; abdomen mostly reddish 2

Thorax, abdomen, and legs pale reddish orbitalis

2. Hind coxae reddish or piceous censors

Hind coxae lemon-yellow flavicoxae

302 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°E. orbitalis Cresson.
Female : length 6 mm.

°E. fiaxicoxae Cresson.
Female and male : length 5 mm.

*E. censors Cresson.
Female : length 6 mm.
Type locality: Connecticut (E. N.).

Syrphoctonus Foerster.

*S. agilis (Cresson). Bassus agilis Cresson. '

Male : length 4 mm. ; mostly black ; face beneath antennae,
lower part of cheeks, scape beneath, a large mark on each side of
the mesothorax, tegulae, a spot before on the scutels, pleurae,
except a large mark beneath the wings, base of fore and mid legs,
and a basal spot on each side of the third dorsal abdominal seg-
ment, yellow ; antennae stramineous beneath ; wings hyaline, veins
and stigma brown, areolet wanting ; legs pale honey-yellow, hind
tibiae and tarsi blackish, bases of former more or less, and their
spurs, pale ; venter of abdomen more or less pale.

Type locality: New Haven, 15 July, 1904 (W. E. B.).

Promethes Foerster.
°P. costalis (Provancher). Bassus costalis Provancher.
Female : length 5 mm. ; mostly black ; mouth, palpi, tegulae, a
mark in front of tegulae, a line on mesopleurae, costa, the coxae,
and trochanters, pale yellow ; hind coxae more or less reddish
beneath.

Diplazon (Nees) Gravenhorst.
Bassus Authors, not Fabricius.

*D, frontalis (Cresson).

Female : length 5 mm. ; mostly black ; spot on face, sometimes
the margins of the clypeus, a spot on the mandibles, palpi, tegulae,
a spot or cuneiform mark in front of the tegulae, a short line be-
neath the tegulae on the mesopleurae, and a spot at tip of the
scutel, white ; legs honey-yellow, tips of hind femora, their tibiae,
except bases, which are pale, and their tarsi, black ; wings hyaline ;
veins brown, areolet wanting.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 3O3

*D. concinnus (Cresson).

Female : length 5.5 mm. ; mostly black ; anterior orbits, clyp-
eus, mandibles mostly, palpi, tegulas, a spot in front of tegulae,
two spots beneath tegulae, scutel, and postscutel, lemon-yellow;
clypeus bilobed at tip; wings hyaline, veins and stigma brown,
areolet wanting; legs mostly pale honey-yellow, fore coxae, all
trochanters, and tips of femora, yellow; hind tibiae white, the
tips of the latter and their tarsi entirely black.

Type locality: Connecticut (E. N.).

D. laetatorius (Fabricius).

Female : length 5 mm. ; mostly black ; antennae dark brown
above, pale brown beneath, inner orbits with a luteous margin;
clypeus, most of mandibles, and a small spot on the malar space,
luteous; palpi, a marginal mark on each side of mesonotum,
tegulae, a mark in front of and below the latter, base of wings, a
quadrate mark on scutel, and a transverse line on the postscutel,
luteous; abdomen beneath mostly brownish stramineous to
brown, dorsum of abdomen with the basal joint, except the
apical margin, which is reddish, and the second and third seg-
ments, which are reddish, mostly black; legs stramineous to
brownish stramineous, except the hind tibiae, which are orna-
mented by four different annuli, as follows : basal annulus brown,
about .5 mm. long, followed by a yellowish white annulus of
about the same length, and the latter followed by a brown annulus
less than .2 mm. long; apical .5 mm. of this joint with a stramin-
eous annulus; tarsi of hind legs brown.

This species is cosmopolitan. It has been taken in New
Haven, 15 July, 1904 (W. E. B.) ; West Haven, 27 June, 1905
(H. L. V.) and occurs, no doubt, throughout the state.

*D. sycophanta (Walsh).

Female and male : length 4-6 mm. ; mostly black ; anterior
orbits in the female, entire face in the male, clypeus, mandibles,
palpi, a spot on each side of the propodeum, the tegulae, two spots
beneath the latter, a spot beneath the hind wings, the scutel, and
more or less of the fore and mid coxae and trochanters, white or
yellowish white ; hind tibiae and their tarsi black, except a broad
white annulus ; in some cases the hind tibiae tricolored with black,
white, and reddish, or reddish and white; wings hyaline, veins

304 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

and stigma blackish, pale at base, areolet wanting ; legs and abdo-
men reddish, the basal segment of the latter often more or less
black, as are several segments of the apical half of the abdomen ;
in some specimens the abdomen black, with a broad medial red-
dish band.

New Haven, 24 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.).
°D. orbitalis (Cresson).

Male : length a little less than 4 mm. ; color as in Syrphoctonus
agilis, except as follows : no spot before the tip of the scutel ; the
greater part of the superior, anterior, and inferior borders of the
mesopleurse, a long mark on the scutel, a transverse mark on the
postscutel, and more or less of the apical margins of the second
and third dorsal abdominal segments, yellow or yellowish ; rest
of pleurae black; legs stramineous or yellowish except the ex-
treme tip of the hind femora and a basal and an apical annulus
on their tibiae, which are brown like their tarsi ; hind tibiae yellow-
ish white between the dark annuli; malar space yellow; face of
female with the inner orbits margined with yellow, greater part
of face below the antennae black; mesopleurae with less yellow,
antennae black; legs somewhat stramineous, with a part thereof
' rather bright brownish red ; abdomen almost entirely black, other-
wise as in the male.

D. (Homotropus) bicapillaris (Walsh).

Female : length 5 mm. ; black, except as follows : clypeus
mostly pale, mandibles mostly yellow, palpi rather stramineous ;
pronotum in front with a lateral marginal stripe or mark ; tegulae,
tubercles, a line beneath the tegulae, a line between the meso- and
metapleurae, posterior edge of scutel, and a sub-basal annulus on
the hind tibiae, more or less yellow; fore and mid legs, as well
as the hind coxae, trochanters, and femora, reddish ; hind tibiae,
except for the annulus, brownish and blackish, the basal sixth
of the annulus being the former color and its apical third the lat-
ter; hind tarsi black; wings with an areolet that is subpetiolate.

West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

D. (Zootrephes) antennatus (Davis).

Female : length 4.5 mm. ; head and thorax mostly black ; abdo-
men mostly reddish, black at base and apex ; face beneath an-
tennae and for a short distance above along the eye margins, scape

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 305

in front, mandibles mostly, palpi, tubercles, tegulse, a line be-
neath the latter, mesosternum on each side, fore and mid coxae
and trochanters, hind coxae beneath, and their trochanters, yellow ;
pedicel yellowish brown; flagel pale brown; portions of leg* not
described as to color, brownish stramineous ; wings without an
areolet.

Woodmont, 9 July, 1904 (P. L. B.).

Orthocentrus Gravenhorst.
°0. nigricoxus Provancher.

Female and male : length 3 mm. ; mostly black ; legs pale, hind
femora and coxae blackish to black ; face and scape beneath dark
reddish in the female, lemon-yellow in the male; abdomen black
to piceous; basal dorsal segment and extreme base of second
dorsal segment of the abdomen finely pitted, the remainder of the
dorsum of the abdomen polished ; wings hyaline and with an
areolet.

Brephoctonus (Foerster) Ashmead.
*B. hygrotrecha Viereck (new species).

Female : length 3 mm, ; mostly black above, except apical half
of abdomen, which is brownish ; face, mouth-parts and antennae
brown, palpi yellowish ; venter of abdomen mostly yellowish ; legs
almost entirely stramineous ; areolet absent ; ovipositor scarcely
exserted; tegulae yellowish. Male: differs from female in the
scape being yellowish in front, and in the face, which is lemon-
yellow.

Type locality: New Haven, where the species was taken i
June, 1904 (H. L. V.), running on water.

Hyperacmus Holmgren.
*H. ovatus Davis.
Female : length 4 mm. ; mostly black, with legs honey-yellow ;
the hind coxae, however, may be blackish ; antennae dusky red,
paler at base than elsewhere, a protuberance beneath the an-
tennae blackish red, palpi yellowish white ; abdomen subclavate ;
its ovipositor slightly exserted.

Bred from the clothes-moth of the genus Tinea on two differ-
ent occasions, once by Dr. C. V. Riley, and again by one J. H. E.,
who reared the species in May, 1885.
20

306 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Exochus Gravenhorst.

Key to Species.

1. Hind tibiae without a pale annulus, but with at least the

basal two-thirds whitish 2

Hind tibiae black at base and apex, with a white annulus be-
tween; abdomen black, or dusky reddish at base 5

2. Hind tibiae reddish to pale honey-yellow, or with at least

the basal two-thirds whitish, but always with apex of same
dusky to black; thorax with a white stripe or triangular
spot in front of tegulae, scutel more or less pale, meso-
notum black; abdomen punctate above; first and second

pleural areas of propodeum separated by a ridge 3

Hind tibiae unicolorous 4

3. Abdomen black, or at least with only one or two segments

narrowly pale at their apex. Length 5-7 mm. (female and

male) pallipes

Abdomen with lateral apical corners of second and third dor-
sal segments yellow. Length 5 mm. (male)

pallipes van pleuralis

4. Abdomen black, or with apical margins of dorsal segments

narrowly pale; second dorsal abdominal segment polished
or finely punctate; legs entirely reddish, without a pale
line in front of tegulae. Length 3.5-5 mm. (female and

male) propinquus

Abdomen mostly reddish, black at base, or black at base and
apex. Length 7-8 mm. (female and male) semirufus

5. Mesopleurae, and usually most of the thorax, reddish. Length

5.7 mm. (female and male) dorsalis

Mesopleurae and rest of mesothorax not reddish; abdomen
black throughout; size the same as in the typical form

dorsalis var. annulicrus

*E. propinquus Cresson.

E. semirufus Cresson.

New Haven, 15 May, 1905 (B. H. W.), 24 May, 1905 (W. E.
B.) ; Mt. Carmel, 25 May, 1906, Southington, 16 May, 1906 (B,
H. W.).

E. pallipes Cresson.

New Haven, 22 May, 1905 (B. H. W.) ; Branford, 28 July,
1905 (H. L.V.).

°E. pallipes var. pleuralis Cresson.

°E. dorsalis Cresson.

°E. dorsalis var. annulicrus Walsh.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

307

Fig. 9. — Exochus propinquus.

Metacoelus Foerster.
°M. laevis Cresson.

Female and male : length 5-7 mm. ; mostly blackish, with the
legs and palpi brownish red, antennae still darker; face with a
dark red stain beneath the antennas ; propodeum completely areo-
lated.

Triclistus Foerster.
Key to Species.

1. Thorax and abdomen mostly black 2

Thorax and abdomen reddish or nearly so; hind tibiae not

annulate, without white annuli; face white; thorax with
white markings; areolet wanting. Length 6 mm. (female
and male) atriceps

2. Face and abdomen entirely black; coxae and legs reddish

Length 7-8 mm. (female and male) curvator

Face yellow to dusky red; abdomen beneath and its ultimate
and penultimate dorsal segments reddish. Length 8 mm.
(female and male) apicalis

°T. atriceps Walsh.
°T. apicalis Cresson.
°T. curvator Fabricius.

308 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Chorineus Holmgren.
Key to Species.

1. Metapleurse entirely smooth, or with two or three short

carinse converging to the junction with hind coxae 2

Metapleuras longitudinally pitted; mesopleurae longitudinally
or diagonally pitted above mid coxae; three distinct carinae
on third dorsal abdominal segment; upper part of meta-
pleurae smooth and polished, hind femora reddish. Length
4-6 mm. (female and male) costatus

2. Second dorsal abdominal segment scabrous, with one or more

carinae, no constriction between this segment and third;
face yellow. Length 6-7 mm. (female and male) . . . .carinatus
Second dorsal abdominal segment with a median and two
distinct lateral carinae; propodeum with six or seven carinae;
basal dorsal abdominal segment with five carinae; face
yellow or reddish yellow. Length 6-7 mm (female and
male cariniger

*C. costatus Davis.

C. cariniger Walsh.
*C. carinatus Cresson.

Alcocerus Foerster.

°A. trifasciatus Cresson.

Female and male : length 9-10 mm. ; mostly black, with yellow
markings as follows: antennae, palpi, tegulae, scutel, apical third
of first, second and third dorsal abdominal segments, genitalia,
more or less of coxae and femora, trochanters, tarsi, and tibiae ex-
cept tips of hind pair ; wings dusky hyaline.

Periope Curtis.

P. aethiops Cresson.

Male : length 7 mm. ; mostly black, with the tegulae, a stripe
beneath the latter, fore legs beyond the middle of their femora,
basal half of mid and hind tibiae, apex of mid femora, and most
of venter, yellow ; tarsi of mid and hind legs yellowish brown ;
areolet present, triangular.

Pseudometopius Davis.

°P. hageni Cresson.
Female and male: length 14 mm. Female: mostly black, with
yellowish white markings as follows: short line along ih.i margin

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 3O9

of the face in the emargination of the eyes, an inverted U
beneath antennae, spot beneath eyes, labrum, clypeus excepting
two black dots, palpi, most of mandibles, tegulse, a line be-
neath the latter, spot on anterior pleurae, apex of scutel, fore and
mid legs except coxae and hind portion of femora, and basal por-
tion of hind tibiae and tarsal segments ; areolet subpetiolate. Male
differs in having the entire face, spot on scape beneath, and more
or less of the legs, yellowish white.

Metopius Panzer,

An undetermined species of this genus has been bred from
Bombycids and Noctuids in Europe.

M, pollinctorius Say.

Female and male : length 13-16 mm. ; facial shield without a
distinct median carina ; thorax black, with yellow markings ; ab-
domen with most of the dorsal segments apically margined with
yellow, but only the apical corners of the second segment
yellow; basal segment pyramidal, bituberculate, mostly yellow;
apex of scutel more or less yellow ; hind tibiae and tarsi black or
blackish, or with a faint yellow line on tibiae beneath.

Westville, 19 September, 1904 (W. E. B.).

Grotea Cresson.
°G. anguina Cresson.

Length 14-17 mm. ; mostly brown or brownish stramineous
maculated with yellow ; wings clear ; fore and mid legs mostly
yellow ; hind legs largely brownish stramineous ; exserted portion
of ovipositor about half the length of the abdomen.

Labena Cresson.
°L. grallatrix Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. x. Fig. 25.
Length 14-21 mm. ; body more or less brown, variegated with
brownish yellow to yellow ; wings dark brown, with a more or
less distinct, oblique, subhyaline or hyaline streak beyond the
basal half; exserted portion of ovipositor about as long as the
abdomen.

Euxorides Cresson.
*E. (Calliclisis) americanus Cresson.
Length 11.5 mm.; body mostly black; scape and pedicel be-
neath, palpi, tubercles, tegulse, bases of wings, lower border of

310 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

prothorax, and most of fore and mid legs, yellow or yellowish;
mandibles and all tarsi more or less brown ; hind coxae and their
femora mostly reddish stramineous, the latter tinged with brown-
ish above, especially at base and apex ; their proximal trochanters
mostly brown, their distal trochanters mostly yellow ; hind tibiae
almost entirely concolorous with their tarsi ; wings hyaline, tinted
with brown, stigma and veins dark; more or less of the dorsal
abdominal segments with a rather obscure apical margin of a
yellowish hue ; exserted portion of ovipositor about half the
length of the abdomen.

Xylonomus Gravenhorst.

Key to Species.

1. Body either without pale markings or with inconspicuous

ones 2

Body conspicuously marked with yellow, length 12 mm.; ex-
serted portion of ovipositor about as long as abdomen;
wings transparent, tinted with brownish; fore and mid
legs mostly stramineous, hind legs mostly brown; antennae
of female with a yellow annulus near their tips, of male
apparently uniformly brown albopictus

2. Almost uniformly blackish or black, legs included, except

knees, base of tarsi, an annulus near apex of tarsi and an
annulus near middle or at middle of antennae, all of which
are more or less yellow; wings darker than in albopictus;
length 10-24 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor about as
long as body; antennae of male uniformly dark brown or

blackish stigmapterus

Color mostly as in stigmapterus, from which it differs notably
in the tegulse, which are brownish stramineous, in the pale
annulus of the female antennae being near the tips of the
same, and in the fore and mid legs being almost entirely red-
dish stramineous. Length 15 mm. or somewhat shorter

humeralis

°X, albopictus Cresson.

°X. stigmapterus Say.

°X. humeralis Say.

Xorides Gravenhorst.

°X. vittifrons Cresson.

Female: length 15-20 mm.; a rather M-shaped mark below
the border along the inner orbits, a mark on the malar space, and

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 3II

upper edge of pronotum, yellow ; scutel and postscutel each with
a transverse yellow mark; scape and pedicel brown; mandibles
black; wings rather yellowish brown; legs almost entirely stra-
mineous to reddish stramineous, except tips of mid and hind fem-
ora above and more or less of mid and hind tibiae and tarsi, which
are more or less brown ; exserted portion of ovipositor about as
long as the body ; yellow bands on dorsum of abdomen conspicu-
ous. Male: differs in having all of the face below antennae ex-
cept clypeus and mandibles which are mostly black, first, second,
third and fourth joints of antennae partly, lower margin of pro-
notom, fore and mid coxae and trochanters and articulating ends
of fore and mid tibiae and of hind coxae and tibiae basally, more
or less luteous or yellow ; otherwise about as in the female, but
with the hind femora mostly brown above, reddish below ; first,
second, third and fourth dorsal abdominal segments each with
an apical yellow band.

Odontomenis Gravenhorst.

Wings transparent, with a dark tint ; head and thorax almost
entirely black ; exserted portion of ovipositor nearly one and one-
half times as long as the body, which is 15 mm. long or less.

Key to Species.

Abdomen and legs almost entirely reddish bicolor

Abdomen black; legs, except hind tibiae and tarsi, which are
brown, reddish stramineous or stramineous mellipes

O. mellipes Say.

New Haven, 14 August, 1905, Colebrook, 21 July, 1905 (H.
L. V.) ; Yalesville, 17 June, 1903 (W. E. B.).
°0. bicolor Cresson.

Phytodietus Gravenhorst.
Mostly black ; wings hyaline ; legs mostly reddish ; abdomen
banded with yellow above ; exserted portion of ovipositor some-
what longer than the abdomen. Length 4-9 mm.

Key to Species.

Dorsulum without maculations; hind legs reddish, except
their tibiae and tarsi, which are mostly brown distinctus

312 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Dorsulum maculated with yellow; legs reddish, except prox-
imal trochanters, which are mostly black, distal trochan-
ters and extreme base and apex of femora, which are yel-
low, a brown annulus near base and apex of latter, ex-
treme bases of their tibiae and line on the tibiae, which are
yellowish, and rest of tibiae and all their tarsi, which are
dark brown vulgaris

P. vulgaris Cresson.

Poquonock, 27 June, 1905; New Haven, 22 June, 1904 (H.
L. v.). *

°P. distinctus Cresson.

Meniscus Schiodte.
Key to Species.

1. Wings uniformly hyaline; body mostly black 2

Wings hyaline, tipped with fuscous; head and thorax black,

maculated with yellow; fore and mid legs mostly yellow,
hind pair mostly brown; abdomen reddish, with first and
second dorsal segments blackish, banded with yellow;
length 8-12 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor equalling
or exceeding abdomen in length elegans

2. Sternum and sides of thorax more or less pale, reddish stra-

mineous or reddish 3

Sternum and sides of thorax mostly or entirely black; fore
and mid coxae and trochanters stramineous and yellowish,
their femora stramineous; hind coxae and trochanters red-
dish stramineous, hind knees yellowish, hind femora mostly
brown, reddish on basal half; fore tibiae reddish stramin-
eous; mid tibiae brownish stramineous; hind tibiae brown,
with a basal whitish annulus, their metatarsi whitish,
their tarsi otherwise brown; fore tarsi stramineous to
brownish stramineous; mid tarsi brownish; exserted por-
tion of ovipositor about half the length of abdomen.
Length 1 1 mm superbus

3. Thorax with its pleurae and sternum partly or mostly red-

dish 4

Thorax partly or mostly yellow on its pleurae and sternum;
face and cheeks mostly yellow; dorsum of thorax macu-
lated with yellow; apical margin of dorsal abdominal seg-
ments with a rather broad yellowish band; fore and mid
legs mostly yellow, hind legs mostly stramineous to red-
dish stramineous, their coxae yellow, with a black stripe
and an apical brown annulus pulcherrimus

4. Very like superbus, but without an annulus at base of hind

metatarsi; exserted portion of ovipositor longer than in
superbus scutellaris

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 313

Length 7 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor a little longer
than body; abdomen narrowly banded with yellow at
apex of some of dorsal segments; fore and mid coxae
mostly yellow; hind coxae black, striped with yellow; tro-
chanters mostly yellow; femora and tibiae mostly brown-
ish stramineous; hind femora with an especially dark
brown annulus at apex, fore tarsi stramineous; middle tarsi
brownish stramineous; hind tarsi mostly brown mirabilis

*M. pulcherrimus Cresson.

Type locality: Connecticut (E. N.).

M. superbus Provancher, PI. ix, Fig. 3.

Torrington, 7 July, 1905 (W. E, B.), at flowers of manna
grass (Glyceria) ; Colebrook, 21 July, 1905 (H. L. V.), on flow-
ers of water hemlock (Cicuta maculata).

M. elegans Cresson.

West Thompson, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°M. (Bathycetes) scutellaris Cresson.
°M. (Asphragis) mirabilis Cresson.

Lissonota Gravenhorst.

Lampronota Curtis.

Key to Species.

1. Abdomen entirely or almost entirely black above 2

Abdomen above more or less pale colored 7

2. Hind coxae reddish 3

Hind coxae practically entirely black; hind legs with a broad

white annulus at bases of their tibiae; face and tegulae
white. Length 11-12 mm tegularis

3. Pleurae unicolorous 4

Pleurae variegated with a yellow or reddish mark before mid

coxae; scutel more or less whitish 6

4. Pleurae and scutel black; abdomen punctate 5

Pleurae and scutel whitish. Length 10 mm pulchella

5. Mesonotum with its lateral margin before tegulae more or less

yellow; hind femora not black at tips; dorsal abdominal
segments entirely black; length 9 mm.; exserted portion

of ovipositor as long as or longer than abdomen insita

Mesonotum black, immaculate; length 6-8 mm.; exserted por-
tion of ovipositor as long as or longer than abdomen punctulata

6. Length 12-13 mm.; areolet petiolated; abdomen coarsely

punctate; length of exserted portion of ovipositor about

as in insita cressoni

314 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Length 6-8 mm.; areolet petiolated; exserted portion of ovi-
positor somewhat shorter than body pleuralis

7. Abdomen above reddish and black or yellowish and black. . 8
Abdomen above entirely reddish; thorax black 15

8. Base and apex of abdomen black 9

Base or apex of abdomen black, but not both 13

9. Legs mostly pale yellowish, hind femora and tarsi black-

ish; scutel more or less yellow 10

Legs at least partly reddish 12

10. Pale portion of abdomen above yellow or yellowish red.

Length 11. 5-12 mm varia

Pale portion of abdomen above reddish ll

11. Hind coxae yellow at apex and without a long yellow stripe

Length 1 1 mm appalachia

Hind coxae yellow at apex and with a long yellow stripe
Length 13.5 mm relativa

12. Scutel black; length 7-8 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor

as long as or a little longer than body frig^da

Scutel yellow. Length 7-9 mm. (male) philipi

13. Base, only, of abdomen black 14

Apex, only, of abdomen black; length 7-8 mm.; exserted por-
tion of ovipositor about as long as abdomen agilis

14. Legs entirely black; length 12 mm.; exserted portion of ovi-

positor about as long as body americana

Legs mostly reddish to stramineous, partly brown and yel-
low (male) philipi

15. Scutel black; length 9 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor

about 9 mm. long exilis

Scutel more or less yellow; exserted portion of ovipositor
and body as long as in exilis rubrica

*L. (Nadia) appalachia (Viereck).

*L. cressoni, new name. L occidentalis Cresson (preoccu-
pied).

*L. punctulata (Cresson).

*L. rubrica (Cresson).
New Haven, 10 July, 1905, Scotland, 10 August, 1905 (B. H.
W.) ; West Haven, 27 September, 1905 (H. L. V.).

*L. exilis (Cresson).

*L. philipi Viereck (new species).

Head and thorax mostly black; abdomen mostly pale; scape

and pedicel in front, face beneath antennae and along the inner

eye margins above the insertion of antennae, superior and inferior

margins of pronotum, a mark on each side of mesonotum.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 315

greater part of lower half of mesopleurse, nearly all of meso-
sternum, scutel, spot on metapleurae, and the coxae of fore and
mid legs, yellow ; femora and tibiae of fore and mid legs reddish
stramineous, the tarsi of fore and mid legs brownish; hind legs
almost entirely reddish; first segment of abdomen black above,
except for an apical yellowish margin; second dorsal abdominal
segment black, barring the apical and basal margins, which are
yellowish ; rest of dorsum of abdomen more or less reddish stra-
mineous, with an addition of dusky spots or stains in some cases.

Variations occur in the extent of the yellow on the thorax, in
the extent of black on the second dorsal abdominal segment, and
in the pale color of the dorsum of the abdomen being reddish in
some individuals, but the pattern is always essentially as in the
type.

Type locality: New Haven, 19 July, 1905 (B. H. W.), 6 July,
1904, 4 July, 1905 (H. L, V.) ; also from Branford, 28 July, 1905
(H. L- v.).

L. (Alloplasta) varia (Cresson).

Colebrook, 21 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

L. (A.) americana (Cresson). Howard, Insect Book, PI. x.
Fig. 3-

°L. (A.) tegularis (Cresson).
°L. (A.) pulchella (Cresson).
°L. (A.) pleuralis (Cresson).
°L. (A.) insita (Cresson).
°L. (Harrimaniella) relativa (Viereck).
L. frigida (Cresson).

Yalesville, 19 October, 1903 (H. L. V.). Parasitic on a spe-
cies of sawfly (Nematus) .

°L. agilis (Cresson).

Arenetra Holmgren.
Mostly black; wings hyaline; pubescence rather long and
dense ; head and thorax with their pubescence whitish.

Key to Species.

Tegulse and hind femora black nigrita

Tegulae yellowish white ventralis

3l6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°A. nigrita Walsh.
°A. ventralis Cresson.

Glypta Gravenhorst.
Key to Species.

1. Black, or black and reddish stramineous and reddish with

pale markings 2

Black, variegated with white; length 7 mm.; face, including
mandibles, more or less white; palpi, ventrum and sides of
thorax, tegulae, clypeus, scutel, and postscutel, white; rest
of thorax above, abdomen beneath, and its dorsal seg-
ments at base and apex, all more or less white; coxae and
trochanters of fore and mid legs, and most of hind tarsi,
white; rest of legs mostly yellowish red; wings hyaline,
veins and stigma dark; exserted portion of ovipositor as
long as abdomen phoxopteridis

2. Body above almost entirely black 3

Body above extensively maculated with luteous or whitish;

thorax above mostly reddish stramineous; head mostly
luteous; abdomen banded; fore and mid legs stramineous;
hind legs varicolored, their tibiae each with two luteous
annuli; first tarsal joint of hind legs with a basal luteous
annulus; length 5-10 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor
about three-fourths the length of abdomen scitula

3. Thorax beneath more or less reddish 4

Thorax black, except tubercles and tegulae, which are yellow-
ish; antennae dark brown; legs mostly reddish stramineous;
hind femora and tibiae brown at apex; the latter brown
above and with a brown annulus separated from the base

by a yellowish annulus, greater part of their middle half
yellowish; tarsi of hind legs brown, with first, second, and
third joints yellowish at base; propodeum not areolated;
length 7-8 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor a little
longer than abdomen erratica

4. Legs in color about as in erratica, but otherwise differing

from that species and vulgaris S

Legs nearly the same color as in erratica; exserted portion of
ovipositor longer than abdomen; tegulae and tubercles
yellow; scutel pale. Length 6.5 mm vulgaris

5. Length less than 10 mm 6

Length 10 mm.; hind legs reddish stramineous or reddish,

with apex of femora brownish, tibiae mostly dark brown,
partly dark reddish, tarsi all dark brown; exserted portion
of ovipositor about as long as abdomen .simplicipes

6. Thorax with pronotum yellowish; length 7.5 mm.; exserted

portion of ovipositor about 7.5 mm. long animosa

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 317

Collar or pronotum black, scutel pale; male antennae pale yel-
lowish or orange; propodeum. areolated; length 7-9 mm.;
exserted portion of ovipositor a little shorter than abdo-
mon Tufiscutellaris

*G. rufiscutellaris Cresson.
°G. (Conoblasta) vulgaris Cresson,

°G. (C.) erratica Cresson. Scudder, Butterflies of New Eng-
land, Vol. iii, PI. 88, Fig. 7.

Parasitic on (Grapta) Polygonia comma.

°G. animosa Cresson,
°G, simplicipes Cresson.

°G, phoxopteridis Weed,

Parasitic on the strawberry leaf -roller (Phoxopteris com-
tana).

°G. (Toxophoroides) scitula Cresson.

Clistopyga Gravenhorst.

C. annulipes (Cresson). Glypta annuUpes Cresson, Ashmead.

Female: length 12 mm.; mostly black; pale as follows: more
or less complete inner orbital margin, clypeus, part of mandibles,
mark on each cheek near mandibles, palpi, superior lateral mar-
gin of pronotum, tubercles, tegulae, extreme bases of wings, most
of fore legs, a nearly median annulus on mid and hind tibise, and
basal portions of tarsi of mid and hind legs, yellowish ; coxae, tro-
chanters, and femora of mid and hind legs, reddish ; tibiae and
tarsi of mid and hind legs mostly brown or brownish ; dorsal
abdominal segments with their apical edges yellow ; exserted por-
tion of ovipositor nearly half the length of the abdomen.

Stonington, i June, 1906 (B. H. W.).

Polysphincta Gravenhorst.

P. rubricapensis Provancher.

Length 5-6 mm. ; mostly black ; antennae mostly dark brown,
tipped with brownish yellow, palpi pale ; wings transparent, tinted
with brown ; stigma and veins brown ; legs stramineous to reddish
stramineous, except mid and hind tarsi, which are brown with
the basal portion of the joints annulated with yellowish, and mid
and hind tibiae, which are brown with a yellowish annulus at ex-

3l8 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

treme base and a yellowish annulus occupying practically the
middle third ; exserted portion of ovipositor about two-thirds the
length of the abdomen.

Torrington, 7 July, 1905 (W. E. B.).

P. texana Cresson.

Female : length 8 mm. ; mostly black ; antennae dark brown
throughout ; fore coxae mostly brown to blackish but with stramin-
eous tips ; mid legs with their tibiae dark beneath, mostly yellow
above, but with an apical and a sub-basal brown mark, their tarsi
brown, except the basal joint, which is mostly yellow, and with
an apical brownish band; hind femora with the apical third
dusky; the hind tibiae beneath dark brown or rather blackish,
above with the basal two-fifths black, the following three-tenths
whitish, the rest black ; tarsi of hind legs black, but with the basal
half of the first joint yellow; exserted portion of ovipositor about
as long as the mid femora.

Mr. R. A. Cushman has reared this species from the spider
S teat 0 da borealis.

*P. pontiaci Viereck (new species).

Male: length 6 mm.; fore coxae stramineous; fore and mid
legs stramineous, except tip of mid tibiae and tip of first joint
of mid tarsi ; hind trochanters whitish ; hind coxae and femora
reddish stramineous, apex of latter brownish ; basal sixth of hind
tibiae whitish, next sixth brown, following third whitish, apical
third brown ; tarsal joints whitish to yellowish to brown ; antennae
yellowish beneath, brown above; otherwise much the same in
color as texana.

Type locality: Cheshire, 8 July, 1904 (H. L. V.).

Scambus Hartig.
Pimpla Authors, not Fabricius.
Body mostly black; wings transparent; more or less deeply
tinted with brownish or yellowish brown; fore and mid legs
almost without exception stramineous to reddish stramineous ;
hind legs as a rule with coxae, trochanters, and femora stramin-
eous to reddish, their tibiae and tarsi usually varicolored.

Key to Species.

Most or all of abdomen above black 2

Most of abdomen reddish 16

No. 22.1 HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUf. 319

2. Legs yellowish red; hind pair varied with black or white or

both 3

Legs entirely yellowish red or red, sometimes infuscated, .. . 15

3. Hind tibiae and tarsi entirely black or fuscous; length 8-14

mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor a little longer than

thorax pedalis

Hind tibiae and tarsi blackish or dark brown, annulated with
whitish, or only the former annulated 4

4. Hind tarsi entirely blackish or fuscous 5

Hind tarsi not entirely blackish or fuscous 6

5. Scutel black; tegulae and fore coxae black; length 6-10 mm.;

length of exserted portion of ovipositor as in marginatus

tenuicomis
Scutel black; tegulae white; fore coxae yellowish red; length
5-13 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor a little shorter
than thorax marginatus

6. More than one joint of hind tarsi partly whitish 7

Only basal half of first joint of hind tarsi whitish; tibiae

black and with a whitish annulus near base; antennae fus-
cous above, yellowish beneath, with black sutures; meso-
notum with two short white lines; scutel white. Length
8 mm picticomis ,

7. Hind tarsi white, their joints tipped with blackish, with the

exception of the fourth joint, at least in conquisitor, which

is entirely dark brown or black 8

Hind tarsi with only first and second joints mostly white,
tipped with blackish; scape white; length 4-6 mm.; ex-
serted portion of ovipositor about as long as head and
thorax combined indagator

8. Antennae brown or reddish 9

Antennas pale yellowish, with black sutures; length 9-11

mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor a little longer than
head and thorax combined annulicomis

9. Dorsal abdominal segments without a whitish margin; areo-

let complete 10

Dorsal abdominal segments apically with a whitish margin;
length 5-15 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor about

as long as thorax or somewhat shorter conquisitor

xo. Pleurae black 11

Pleurae more or less red; clypeus more or less, anterior
orbits, tegulae, a line before the scutel, and tip of scutel,
white 14

11. Head of female entirely black; face of male whitish 12

Only clypeus, scape beneath, tegulae and most of fore and mid

legs, white. Length 6-9 mm. (male) alborictus

12. Areolet sessile 13

Areolet petiolate inquisitoriellus var. investigator

320 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

13. Length 5-1 1 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor a little

longer than thorax inquisitoriellus

Length 10 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor 7 mm. long . .

tecumseh

14. Pleurae almost entirely red; two dots below antennae, a dot

on each side of propodeum, and all of clypeus, white;
length 6-10 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor about as

long as thorax rufopectus

Pleurae red only before mid coxae; tip of clypeus more or less
blackish; no white dots below insertion of antennae; pro-
podeum immaculate; size of body and ovipositor practic-
ally as in rufopectus scriptifrons

15. Thorax entirely black, smooth, and polished; length 8-10

mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor longer than thorax ..

pterelas
Mesopleurae and scutel reddish; length 6-10 mm.; exserted
portion of ovipositor distinctly longer than abdomen, .notandus

16. Legs reddish; length 4-8 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor

shorter than thorax rufovariatus

Legs mostly yellowish; head mostly black; thorax brownish
stramineous, propodeum castaneous; length 12 mm.; ex-
serted portion of ovipositor as long as or slightly longer
than body grapholithae

*S. (Scambus) tecumseh Viereck (new species).
Type locality: West Haven, 27 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

S. (S.) notandus (Cresson).
Yalesville, 12 October, 1906 (W. E. B.).

S. (S.) pterelas (Say).

Stonington, 2 August, 1906 (J. A. Hyslop) ; Sachem's Head,
I August, 1904, Rockville, 23 August, 1905 (H. L. V.) ; Torring-
ton, 7 JuJy, 1905 (W. E. B.).

S. (Pimplidea) pedalis (Cresson).

Has been bred from the following: Galls of Saperda concolor,
the American tent-caterpillar {Malacosoma americana) , M. dis-
stria, Isia isahella, the gipsy moth (Porthetria dispar) and Tor-
trix fumiferana.

Lyme, 29 May, 1910, Thompson, 4 May, 1910 (A. B. C.) ;
New Haven, 6 July, 1904, 31 October, 1903 (H. L. V.), 19
August, 1904 (P. L. B.), 7 August, 1905, 27 April, 1907, 2 May,
1913 (W. E. B.), 30 July, 1911 (A. B. C.) ; Portland, 8, 15
August, 1913, (B. H. W.) ; Meriden, May, 1913 (H. L. Johnson).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 321

°S. (P.?) annulicornis (Cresson).

S. (Iseropus) inquisitoriellus (Dalla Torre). Pimpla in-
quisitor Say. Howard, Insect Book, Fig. 38 (adult stage), Fig.
39 (early stages), Fig, 40 (cocoons). Morley * regards this as
a synonym of the European (Epiurus) Scamhus graminellcB
Schrank.

Is on record as a primary parasite of the American tent-cater-
pillar (Malacosoma americana) and as a secondary parasite of
the beneficial Ameloctonus fugitivus, also as an important para-
site of the white-marked tussock moth caterpillar {Hemerocampa
leucostigma) ; has been reared from tgg cocoons of the spiders
Argiope riparia and Epeira angulata, and from larvae feeding
externally on the caterpillar of Laverna eloisella feeding within
the stems of CEnothera ; other hosts are as follows : bag- worm
(Thyridopteryx ephemerceformis) , Gnorimoschema gallcesolid-
aginis, Grapholitha olivaceana, Coleophora cinerella, an unknown
leaf-roller on ash, Phycita juglandis, an unknown Californian
Tineid, Malacosoma constricta, and M. calif ornica.

Berlin, 30 June, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Branford, 3 September,
1904 (H. L. V.) ; New Haven, 6, 14 August, 1906 (P. L. B.).
Bred from larva of Malacosoma americana collected at Stoning-
ton, June, 191 3 (W. E. B.).

S. (I.) inquisitoriellus var. investigator (Walsh).

Canterbury, 14 August, 1905 (B. H. W.).

S. (Itoplectis) conquisitor (Say). Pimpla conquisitor Say.
Howard, Insect Book, PI. ix, Fig. 10.

According to Fiske this is perhaps the most common hymen-
opterous parasite of the American tent-caterpillar (Malacosoma
americana) . Other hosts are the forest tent-caterpillar (Malaco-
soma disstria), the white-marked tussock moth (Hemerocampa
leucostigma), the bag-worm (Thyridopteryx ephemerceformis),
the cotton worm (Aletia argillacea), Phryganidea calif ornica,
Mineola indigenella, Phacellura hyalinitalis , an unknown Texan
Tortricid on cedars, Argirolepia quercifo liana, Archips cerasivor-
ana, (Rogas) Aleiodes intermedins and Ameloctonus fugitivus.

The records of W. E. B., H. W. W., E. J. S. M., P. L. B.,
J. A. Hyslop, and H. L. V. collectively indicate the occurrence

•Revision of Ichneumonidse, Part iii, 1914.
21

322 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

of this species throughout the state in May, June, July, August,
and October. Bred from larvae of Malacosoma americana
collected at Stonington, June, 1913 (W. E. B.) ; New Haven, 9
October, 191 1 (W. E. B.) ; Portland, 10 August, 1913
(B. H. W.).

S. (I.) marginatus (Provancher). Pimpla annulipes Authors,
not BruUe. PI. ix. Fig. 10. Morley * regards this as a synonym of
the European Scamhus turionellce (Linnseus).

Tliis is an American parasite of the cosmopolitan codling
moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) ; other hosts are: (Apatura)
Chlorippe clyton (?), (Papilio) Iphidicles ajax, the white-
marked tussock moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma), and the
lesser peach borer (Synanthedon pictipes),

Stonington, 26 July, 1906 (J. A. Hyslop), 19 June, i July,
1906 (B. H. W.) ; North Haven, 3 August, 1905 (H. L. V.) ;
West Haven, 21 May, 1910 (A. B. C), 29 June, 1905 (W. E. B.) ;
New Haven, 25 May, 1905 (B. H. W.), 20 July, 1906 (W. E. B.).

S. (Delomerista) tenuicornis (Cresson). Morley * regards
this as a variety of the European Scamhus turionellcs. (Linnaeus).

Parasitic on Sesia caudata.

Branford, i July, 1905 (H. W. W.) ; Milldale, 21 May, 1906
(B. H. W.) ; New Haven, 4 May, at flowers of honeysuckle
(Lonicera fragrantissima) (H. L. V.).

S. (Calliephialtes) grapholithae (Cresson).

Host : Grapholitha caryana, an inhabitant of hickory nut hulls.

Storrs, 26 October, 1905 (W. E. B.).

S. (Tromatobia) rufopectus (Cresson).

Reared from the cocoons of an Epeirid spider in May by
W. H. Patton.

S. (T.?) picticornis (Cresson).

°S. (T.) scriptifrons (Cresson).

°S. (T.?) alborictus (Cresson). Belongs to the subgenus
Scamhus, according to Morley.*

°S. (T.) rufovariatus (Cresson).

°S. (Eremochila) indagator (Walsh). Morley* regards
this as a synonym of the European Scamhus detritus (Holmgren).

* Revision of Ichneumonidae, Part iii, 1914.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 323

Theronia Holmgren.

°T. atalantae fulvescens Cresson.

Length 6-12 mm. ; entirely stramineous, with yellowish trans-
parent wings; exserted portion of ovipositor shorter than the
abdomen.

Parasitic on Scamhus conquisitor, a primary parasite of the
white-marked tussock moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma), and a
tertiary parasite on the American tent-caterpillar {Malacosoma
americana), also a parasite on the gipsy moth {Porthetria dis-
par). ■

T. melanocephala Brulle.

Possibly parasitic on Scamhus pedalis, and a parasite on the
gipsy moth {Porthetria dis par). Bred from (Eudamus) Epargy-
reus tityrus by A. B. Champlain. Readily distinguished from
fulvescens by the head, which, as the name indicates, is black
in melanocephala.

Portland, 10 August, 1913 (B. H. W.).

Hymenoepimecis Viereck.

Epimecis Brulle.
°H. wilti (Cresson).

This is a conspicuous species about 15 mm. long, with its
head, including antennse, almost entirely black; rest of body
stramineous to brownish stramineous, except the abdomen at
apex, where it is blackish, and sheaths of ovipositor, which are
blackish ; exserted portion of ovipositor approximately four-fifths
as long as the abdomen ; wings yellowish transparent, with a
fuscous border apically in the fore wings, and a median fuscous
band in the same extending from the anterior margin to the
posterior edge.

Ichneumon Linnseus.

Ephialtes Gravenhorst.

Wings transparent, colorless, or tinted with yellowish brown ;
head and thorax mostly black.

Key to Species.

I. Abdomen above entirely or mostly black 2

Abdomen above mostly red; length 13-20 mm.; exserted
portion of ovipositor a little longer than body; fore and

324 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

mid legs mostly yellow, hind legs mostly brownish stra-
mineous, except their coxae, which are black irritator

2. Length over 14 mm 3

Length less than 14 mm 4

3. Exserted portion of ovipositor much longer than body;

legs mostly brownish stramineous, except hind tibiae and

hind tarsi, which are brown tuberculatus

Exserted portion of ovipositor not much longer than body;
legs as in tuberculatus mesocentrus

4. Exserted portion of ovipositor as long as or shorter than

body 5

Exserted portion of ovipositor longer than body; legs as in
tuberculatus macer

5. Exserted portion of ovipositor as long as body; legs as in

tuberculatus comstocki

Exserted portion of ovipositor shorter than body; fore and
mid legs yellow, except their tarsi, which are more or less
brownish; hind legs in female with coxae and femora mostly
reddish stramineous, their trochanters, tibiae, and tarsi
mostly brown; in male, hind coxae stramineous and femora
of hind legs mostly brown albipes

I. irritator (Fabricius). Howard, Insect Book, PI. x. Fig. 8.
This is an American parasite of the cosmopolitan beetle Cryp-
torhynchus lapathi. Also parasitic on Liopus variegatus.

Sahsbury, 27 August, 1904 (W. E. B.) ; New Haven, 21
April, 1911 (A. B. C).

I. tuberculatus (Fourcroy).
°I. (Calliephialtes) comstocki (Cresson).
Tegulae white; veins fuscous, stigma also fuscous, but with
a pale spot at base. Parasitic on Evetria comstockiana, which
bores into the twigs and small branches of the pitch pine {Pinus
rigida).

°I. albipes (Cresson).

°I. mesocentrus (Gravenhorst). Ephialtes rex (Kriech-

baumer).

°I. macer (Cresson).

\

Megarhyssa Ashmead.

Thalessa Holmgren.

Key to Species.

I. Wings without dark patches 2

Wings with dark patches, otherwise transparent, tinted with

No.«22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 325

yellowish or brownish yellow; length of most specimens
much more than 15 mm 4

2. Length much more than 15 mm 3

Length less than 15 mm.; thorax and abdomen entirely black

nitida

3. Female mostly blackish, with fuscous wings; male mostly

dark brown, with a dark brown median stripe or area on
propodeum; exserted portion of abdomen about as in

lunator atrata

Both sexes mostly pale brown; wings not fuscous; male
without a median dark brown area or stripe on propodeum;
exserted portion of ovipositor about as in lunator; abdo-
men laterally with yellow spots, at least in female nortoni

4. Body mostly pale brown in color; exserted portion of ovi-

positor not much longer than body, or about twice the

length of body 5

Body mostly dark brown in color; exserted portion of ovi-
positor somewhat more than twice the length of the body;
fore wings dark brown along basal vein as well as else-
where Itmator

5. Fore wings dark brown along basal vein as well as else-

where; exserted portion of ovipositor twice as long as

the body lunator

Fore wings not dark brown, except in basal third of radial

cell, or in its basal half, and in part of adjoining portion

of cubitodiscoidal cell greenei

M. atrata (Fabricus). PI. ix, Figs. 5, 6. Howard, Insect
Book, PI. ix. Fig. I.

New Haven, 25 May, 1896 (W. C. Sturgis), June, 1906 (W.
E. B.), August, 1906 (B. H. W.).

M. lunator (Fabricus). PI. ix, Fig. 4. Howard, Insect Book,
PI. ix. Figs. 3, 4 ; Text Figs. 35, 36.

Parasitic on Tremex columha.

New Haven, 25 May, 1896, 25 May, 1898, 4 August, 1896
(W. C. Sturgis), June, 1906 (W. E. B.), August, 1906
(B. H. W.).

M. nortoni (Cresson). Howard, Insect Book, PI. viii,
Fig. 38.

M. nitida (Cresson).

Wallingford, 30 November, 1912 (D. J. Caffrey).

M. greenei Viereck.

New Haven, 10 August, 1909 (A. I. Bourne).

326 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Rhyssa Gravenhorst.
Nearly as large as Megarhyssa; black; with yellow mark-
ings; wings transparent and tinted with yellowish or yellowish
brown ; legs mostly reddish stramineous.

Key to Species,
Antennae with a yellow annulus albomaculata

Antennae without a yellow annulus, but uniformly blackish..

persuasoria

R. albomaculata Cresson.
Hamden, 15 June, 191 1 (W. E. B.).
°R. persuasoria Linnseus.

Arotes Gravenhorst.

Length 10-17 "i"^- 5 antennae with a yellow annulus or with
the greater part of the apical half yellowish except tips.

Key to Species.

1. Second recurrent vein interstitial with cubital vein 2

Second recurrent vein not interstitial with cubital vein 4

2. Mostly black, with yellowish maculae 3

Stramineous, with black maculae; exserted portion of ovipos-
itor about as long as abdomen venustus

3. Hind femora black; exserted portion of ovipositor about as

long as body f ormosus

Hind femora testaceous; exserted portion of ovipositor longer
than abdomen vicinus

4. Hind femora not black 5

Hind femora black, tipped with yellowish; exserted portion

of ovipositor as in f ormosus amoenus

5. Hind femora stramineous, tipped with black; exserted por-

tion of ovipositor as long as or a little longer than body . .

decorus
Hind femora stramineous throughout or at most with ex-
treme base brownish vicinus

A. amoenus Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI. x, Fig. 24.
Colebrook, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

A. decorus Say.

°A. vicinus Cresson.

°A. formosus Cresson.

°A. venustus Cresson.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 327

Coleocentrus Gravenhorst.
C. rufus Provancher.

Length 17 mm. ; mostly reddish ; exserted portion of ovipositor
about as long as the abdomen, its sheaths blackish ; wings trans-
parent, almost clear, faintly tinged with yellowish brown.
New Haven, 30 May, 191 1 (A. B. O).

Gelis Thunberg.

Pezomachus Gravenhorst.

Key to Species.

Females.

1. Head black or fuscous i 2

Head reddish or yellowish; first abdominal segment distinctly

dilated at tip 6

2. Thorax at least partly black or blackish 3

Thorax uniformly pale brown ottawaensis

3. Thorax uniformly piceous brown or black; abdominal petiole

entirely black; legs, or at least coxae and femora, black.. 4
Thorax bicolored 5

4. Antennaa^ less than 40-jointed 9

Antennae 40-jointed thripites

5. Thorax with its anterior node reddish, its posterior node

more or less black; first abdominal segment with prom-
inent tubercles and scarcely dilated behind them; antennae

23-jointed gentilis

Thorax black; antennae 19-jointed, reddish maculicollis

6. Abdomen partly black or piceous 7

Abdomen wholly reddish, sometimes very slightly infuscated;

exserted portion of ovipositor as long as or longer than
abdomen; antennae 24- or 25-jointed unicolor

7. Length over 4 mm., or not colored as in minimus; exserted

portion of ovipositor at least about as long as first

abdominal segment 8

Length 2.5 mm. or shorter; first and second abdominal seg-
ments reddish; antennae 25-jointed minimus

8. Anterior lobe of thorax with a median longitudinal groove;

antennae 24-jointed dimidiatus

Anterior lobe of thorax not as in dimidiatus; tip of abdomen
pale, petiole hardly dilated, third and fourth segments

more or less blackish; antennae i8-jointed gracillimus

g. Antennae i8-jointed nigrellus

Antennae 24-jointed lymensis

Males.
I. Without wings; first abdominal segment not considerably

longer than propodeum 2

With wings; head black; prothorax, legs, and abdomen, ex-
cept apex, yellowish or reddish gentilis

328 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

2. Head black 3

Head not black 4

3. Abdomen entirely black; antennae 40-jointed thripites

Abdomen pale banded minimus

4. Head yellowish brown, antennae 27-jointed macer

Head brownish, blackish above, antennae 2S-jointed . . ottawaensis

G. minimus Walsh.

This is recorded as a parasite of the army-worm (Leucania,
Heliophila) Cirphis unipuncta, but is undoubtedly parasitic on a
Protapanteles parasite of this larva.

Hartford, i-io February, May, 1904 (W. E. B.).

°G. thripites Taylor.

Said to be parasitic on a species of Tlirips infesting wheat in
New York State. There is some doubt as to this species belong-
ing to this genus.

°G. dimidiatus Cresson.

°G. gentilis Cresson.

°G. unicolor Cresson. ^

°G. macer Cresson.

°G. gracillimus Dalla Torre. Pezomachus gracilis Cresson.
P. cressonii Strickland.

°G. maculicollis Brues.
Found in a nest of the ant Leptothorax longispinosus.

G. ottawaensis Harrington.

Lyme ; New Haven ; Ridgefield. Reared from a Drassid egg
cocoon.

*G. (Micromeson) lymensis Strickland.
Type locality: Lyme, 20 April, 191 1 ; emerged from a Drassid
tgg cocoon 7 May, 191 1 (A. B. C).
■^G. nigrellus Brues.

Aptesis Foerster.

A. microptera (Say).

Length 5 mm. ; head, thorax, most of first abdominal segment
and abdominal segments beyond the third, black ; basal half of
antennae and legs mostly stramineous ; apex of first and all of
second and third dorsal abdominal segments reddish brown ;
exserted portion of ovipositor about as long as the abdomen.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 329

Mesostenidea Viereck.
Mesostenus Authors, not Gravenhorst.

Type : Mesostenus li gator Gravenhorst.
Wings almost clear.

Key to Species.

1. Thorax mostly reddish 2

Thorax mostly or entirely black 3

2. Thorax mostly reddish, dorsulum, scutel and postscutel not

reddish; length 6-11 mm.; head black, marked with yellow,
antennas with a yellow annulus; abdomen reddish, without
bands, exserted portion of ovipositor nearly as long as

abdomen thoracica

Thorax almost entirely reddish, sutures more or less black;
propodeum with a spine on each side, the spine tipped with
yellow; face yellow; antennae annulate with yellow ....arvalis

3. Abdomen more or less reddish above 5

Abdomen banded with yellow, not reddish 6

4. Petiole of abdomen, only, reddish; propodeum with yellow

spots; antennae with a yellowish annulus; length 7 mm.;
abdomen banded with yellow; exserted portion of ovipos-
itor somewhat shorter than abdomen exapta

Abdomen above mostly reddish, not banded; thorax almost
entirely black; length 9 mm. or nearly S

5. Antennae with a yellowish annulus; exserted portion of ovi-

positor nearly as long as abdomen americana

Antennae without an annulus; wings with a rather deep brown
tinge (male) prompta

6. Antennae with a pale annulus 7

Antennae without a pale annulus; length 7 mm.; hind tibiae

not annulated with yellow Candida

7. Length 12 mm.; hind tibiae without a yellowish annulus; ex-

serted portion of ovipositor shorter than abdomen 8

Length 10 mm.; hind tibiae with a yellowish annulus; exserted

portion of ovipositor about half as long as abdomen

albomaculata

8. Propodeum with a spinous process on each side; second dor-

sal abdominal segment with an apical and basal yellow

band spinaria

Propodeum with a tubercle on each side of posterior face;
second dorsal abdominal segment with a yellow band only
at apex fortis

M. (Polyaenus) spinaria (Bnille).
Stonington, 26 August, 1906 (J. A. Hyslop).

M. (P.) prompta (Cresson). Possibly the male of
spinaria.

01

330 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

M. (Mesostenidea) thoracica (Cresson).

M. (Polycyrtus) albomaculata (Cresson).
°M, Candida (Cresson).
'M. fortis (Cresson).

Possibly the female of Candida.
'M. exapta (Cresson),
'M. americana (Cresson).

'M. (Christolia) arvalis (Cresson).
Parasitic on Polistes pallipes var. variatus.

Acroricnus Ratzeburg.
Osprynchotus Kriechbaumer, not Spinola. Linoceras Taschen-
berg.

°A. junceus (Cresson).

Length 12 mm. ; blackish ; antennas with a yellow annulus ;
head and thorax maculated with yellow ; coxae black, marked with
yellow, rest of fore and mid legs practically uniformly yellow ;
hind legs, with the trochanters and femora, mostly black, their
tibiae and tarsi mostly yellow ; exserted portion of ovipositor
somewhat less than half the length of the abdomen.

Reared from a nest of Odynerus tigris by V. A. E. Daecke.

Joppidium Walsh.

*J. peregrinus (Cresson). Mesoleptus ? peregrinus Cresson.

Length 7 mm. ; mostly black ; thorax partly reddish, wings

hyaline, fore and mid legs mostly whitish, hind legs mostly

brownish, their coxae in the female reddish stramineous, in the

male whitish.

Type locality of male : Connecticut.

Agrothereutes Foerster.

Cryptus Fabricius (preoccupied).
Key to Species.

1. Scutel more or less pale; abdomen above entirely black; or

black and some other color, or reddish 2

Scutel black; abdomen more or less red above 10

2. Abdomen above reddish or black with an apical yellow spot 3
Abdomen above more or less red and black 4

3. Abdomen above mostly reddish rufus

Abdomen above mostly black with a bluish tinge; head, in-
cluding antennae, and thorax black, legs reddish except
trochanters, tibiae and tarsi hirtifrons

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 33I

4. Antennse without a yellowish annulus S

Antennae with a yellowish annulus 6

5. Length less than 12 mm 7

Length 12 mm.; antennae practically entirely black; legs red-
dish and black; wings brownish; exserted portion of ovi-
positor hardly half as long as abdomen ebenus

6. Basal half of antennae mostly brownish; legs reddish and

black; exserted portion of ovipositor more than half as

long as abdomen. Length 8 mm iroquois

Male: propodeum maculated; abdomen above blackish beyond
fifth segment, except for a whitish spot at apex. Length
6 mm lophyri

7. Length 10 or 11 mm 8

Length 6-8 mm g

8. Thorax not partly reddish; abdomen above with first and sec-

ond segments partly black, apical half of first and second
dorsal segments pale fulvous, remaining dorsal segments
dull rufo-fulvous; clypeus, scutel, a trilobed mark on pro-

prodeum, and part of legs, yellowish; wings hyaline

contiguus
Thorax partly reddish; head black with, yellow markings;
exserted portion of ovipositor approximately 3 mm. long

graenicheri

9. Abdomen above red and black, with a more or less exten-

sive whitish or luteous band along apical edge of dorsal
segments; exserted portion of ovipositor about 2 mm.
long; propodeum with a blunt process on each side ..cressoni
Abdomen above black beyond third segment, except for an
apical whitish spot; propodeum immaculate; exserted por-
tion of ovipositor shorter than abdomen lophyri

10. Abdomen reddish and black above 11

Abdomen more or less red above, black only on apical fourth

or beyond, or at extreme base 16

11. Length 8-10 mm 12

Length 5-7 mm 14

12. Abdomen reddish at base above, or black at base above in

male, hind coxae reddish 13

Abdomen black at base above, and in some individuals
blackish toward apex; first dorsal abdominal segment usu-
ally mostly black, rest of dorsum of abdomen mostly red-
dish; antennae black; legs, including coxae and trochanters,
mostly black except femora, tibiae and tarsi, which are
mostly reddish stramineous; fore coxae white in front.
Length 10 mm mundus

13. Abdomen, at least above, yellowish to rufous; its fourth and

following dorsal segments mostly black; sixth or seventh
dorsal segment, or both, more or less white; exserted

332 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

portion of ovipositor about as long as body; length 8-9

mm.; hind metatarsus more or less fuscous extrematis

Abdomen above in female with its basal half reddish, its
apical half mostly or partly black with a whitish yellow
mark at apex; abdomen of male above with its basal
joint black, remainder in color as in female; antennae
in both sexes with a pale annulus; legs mostly pale, hind
metatarsus entirely whitish, exserted portion of ovipositor
about as long as abdomen. Length 8-9 mm nuncius

14. Abdomen with its first, second, and third dorsal segttients

mostly rufous, remainder of dorsum of abdomen black

except for a white apical spot. Length 5.5 mm 15

Abdomen above, at base, and fifth and following segments,
black, the rest reddish, though in some individuals the
second, third, and fourth dorsal segments may be tinged
with blackish. Length 6-7 mm canadensis

15. Exserted portion of ovipositor as long as abdomen alacris

Exserted portion of ovipositor half as long as abdomen

hyslopi

16. Antennae with a pale annulus 17

Antennae without a pale annulus; wings subhyaline ..americanus

17. Legs mostly black; exserted portion of ovipositor scarcely

one-fourth the length of body; length 9-10 mm.; fore tibiae
and all tarsi more or less tinged with pale rufous ....limatus
Legs mostly reddish; exserted portion of ovipositor about
half as long as abdomen; apical fourth of abdomen mostly
black, its apex yellowish. Length 6 mm hyslopi

A. rufus Provancher.

Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.), on flowers of goldenrod.

A. mundus Provancher.
New Haven, 19 July, 1905 (B. H. W.).
°A. contiguus Cresson.
*A. (Itamoplex) lophyri Norton.
Parasite on (Lophyrus) Diprion abietis.
Type locality : Connecticut.

A. (I.) americanus Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI. x,
Fig. 2.

Branford, August, 1905 (H. W. W.) ; West Haven, 27 June,
1905 (H. L. V.) ; New Haven, 24 August, 1905 (B. H. W.) ; 22
June, 1910 (A. B. C.) ; 4 June, 1909 (M. Jagger) ; Stonington,
July, 1909 (G. H. Hollister) ; New Canaan, 27 September, 1909,
Prospect, 15 August, 1906 (W. E. B.).
*A. (I.) cressoni Viereck (new species).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 333

°A. (I.) ebenus Viereck (new species).

Type locality: Massachusetts; also from New Hampshire.
°A. (I.) iroquois Viereck (new species).

Type locality: New York State.

A. limatus Cresson.

New Haven, 26, 28 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.) ; Cheshire, 6
May, 1903 (W. E. B.) ; Stamford, 25 June, 1912 (H. B. Kirk).

A. alacris Cresson.

In this species the legs, including coxae, are entirely rufous
or nearly so.

Stonington, 8 June, 1906 (W. E. B.).

A. canadensis Provancher.
Cheshire, 8 July, 1904 (H. L. V.).

A. (Apsilops) hirtifrons Ashmead.

West Hartford, 29 August, 1904 (H. L. V.).

°A. (Habrocryptus) graenicheri Viereck.
Parasitic on Ceratina dupla.

*A. (Allocryptus) hyslopi Viereck (new subgenus, new
species).

In Schmiedeknecht's classification of the Cryptinae this sub-
genus will replace Cryptopteryx Ashmead, the latter genus being
misplaced as it is related to Zonocryptus Ashmead.

Type locality: Stonington, 10 August, 1906 (J. A. Hyslop).

°A. (Hoplocryptus) extrematis Cresson. Howard, Insect
Book, PL X, Fig. 4.

Parasite of the Cecropia moth and American tent-caterpillar.

°A. nuncius Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. x, Fig. 9.

°A. sp.

Host: Papilio troilus.

Phygadeuon Gravenhorst.
Key to Species.

1. Females 2

Males: thorax black li

2. Thorax mostly reddish or black; abdomen, at least above,

entirely or more or less reddish 3

Thorax and abdomen, the latter above, mostly black or black-
ish; scutel black; legs, including coxae, reddish 8

334 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BulL

3. Scutel not black 4

Scutel black 5

4. Scutel yellowish white; apex of abdomen black; head black,

with white markings planosse

Scutel yellowish stramineous; body mostly colored like scutel;
antennae with a whitish annulus pallescens

5. Antennae black, or reddish or pale at base, and without a

white annulus in middle , 6

Antennas not as described in preceding paragraph ^ 9

6. Abdomen at base pale or red 7

Abdomen black at base and apex; exserted portion of ovi-
positor nearly as long as abdomen; areola triangular.
Length 5.5-7 mm lucens

7. Apex of abdomen black, without a white mark; face black.. 8
Apex of abdomen red or yellowish black; propodeum bi-

spinose; antennae mostly dark brown; first and second
joints yellowish beneath; third joint pale brown beneath;
palpi whitish; fore and mid coxae brownish stramineous;
hind coxae mostly black, with a brownish stramineous tip ;
trochanters brownish and yellowish; fore femora brown-
ish stramineous or fuscous, fore and mid tibiae and their
tarsi mostly yellow; hind tibiae brownish stramineous to
blackish brown, their tarsi blackish brown. Length 7-8
mm texanus

8. Propodeum bispinose, otherwise mostly as in description

of texanus above texanus

Propodeum with lateral angles instead of spines; antennae
rufous beneath, brownish above; legs reddish stramineous
except fore and mid tarsi, which are brownish stramin-
eous, tips of hind femora and tibiae, which are blackish,
and hind tarsi, which are mostly blackish. Length 5-8
mm ruficomis

9. Antennae brownish stramineous at base, and with a yellowish

annulus; legs brownish stramineous; abdomen reddish
brown; length 6-7 mm.; sheaths of ovipositor about half
as long as abdomen vulgaris

Antennae as described above for vulgaris; legs and abdomen
reddish; length 4-7 mm.; sheaths of ovipositor less than

half as long as abdomen crassipes

10. Exserted portion of ovipositor about as long as abdomen;

antennae with a pale annulus. Length 8-10 mm signatus

Exserted portion of ovipositor hardly one-third as long as
abdomen; abdomen above very dark brown or blackish .ex-
cept apex of second dorsal segment, which is reddish
brown; basal half of antennae brownish stramineous, apical
half dark brown. Length 4.5 mm quintiUs

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 335

11. Abdomen not entirely stramineous above 12

Abdomen entirely stramineous above; antennae not annulated

pallescens

12. Abdomen above more or less red or brownish stramineous,

black or blackish at apex 14

Abdomen above not colored as in species described in preced-
ing paragraph 13

13. All of first dorsal abdominal segments black; dorsal seg-

inents beyond fifth very dark brown; coxae in color nearly
as in tumidiformis, basal half of hind pair mostly dusky;
scape and pedicel brownish stramineous; areolet open.

Length 6-7 mm nortoni

Most of first dorsal abdominal segment black; dorsal seg-
ments beyond fourth very dark brown; coxae brown of
various shades, mid and hind pairs partly dusky; body
about as long as in nortoni tumidiformis

14. Face mostly black, and with white orbital lines that are

more or less dilated at clypeus 15

Face black or mostly so, not maculated 16

15. All coxae black, trochanters reddish; margin of apical dorsal

segment not partly whitish. Length 7 mm orbitalis

Coxae black, except for a yellowish tip to fore pair; fore and
mid trochanters mostly yellowish; hind trochanters with
proximal one mostly blackish, distal one mostly reddish.
Length 6 mm orbitalifonnis

16. Abdomen with each dorsal segment partly black 17

Abdomen reddish above, or with at least several segments

entirely red, or red with dark stains 18

17. Abdomen above mostly black; second, third, and fourth dor-

sal segments with a complete brownish border; fifth and
following segments more or less distinctly brown, at least
along apical margin; coxae and trochanters mostly black
or blackish, rest of legs mostly reddish, clypeus and mandi-
bles mostly yellow. Length 5.5 mm tasniatus

Abdomen with apical margin on second dorsal segment and
most of third and fourth segments brownish stramineous;
fore and mid legs including coxae almost entirely brown-
ish stramineous; hind coxae black, rest of hind legs red-
dish, except their trochanters, which are more or less

fuscous; antennas black throughout. Length 4 mm

melanocerus

18. Fore coxae yellow beneath, mid coxae with a yellow tip, hind

coxae reddish, all trochanters mostly yellow. Length 5-6

nram. brittoni

All coxae mostly stramineous, same as trochanters in color;
most of fore and mid legs stramineous; hind legs beyond
trochanters partly or mostly dusky; antennae mostly brown

336 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

or brownish stramineous, brownish stramineous at base;
each side of posterior aspect of propodeum with an ear-
like projection. Length 4.5 mm auriculiferus

P. ruficornis Provancher.
Colebrook, 27 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

P. vulgaris Cresson.

New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

P. lucens Provancher.
P. crassipes Provancher.
°P. signatus Provancher.
Antennae without a pale annulus in the male; length 8-10 mm.

°P. planosae Fitch.

Length 7.5 mm. ; mostly black ; thorax partly red ; abdomen
and legs tawny red ; hind tarsi and a band on the middle of the
antennae white.

Parasite on the larch cheater (Planosa laricis).

°P. texanus Cresson.

*P. (Bachia?) tumidiformis Viereck (new species).

Type locality: Connecticut. Possibly Farmington (Norton).

Type in collection of American Entomological Society, Phila-
delphia.

*P. (B.?) brittoni Viereck (new species).

Type locality: Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.).
*P. (B.?) auriculiferus Viereck (new species).

Type locality: Putnam, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*P. (Plesignathus) nortoni Viereck (new species).

Type locality: Connecticut. Possibly Farmington (E. N.).

Type in collection of American Entomological Society, Phila-
delphia.

*P. (P.) quintilis Viereck (new species).

Type locality: New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*P. (P.) melanocerus Viereck (new species).

Type locality: North Haven, 3 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*P. (P.) taeniatus Viereck (new species). >

Type locality: West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*P. (Scinacopus?) 9rbitaliformis Viereck (new species).

Type locality: New Haven, 27 July, 1904 (P. L. B.).
°P. orbitalis Cresson.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. ' 337

P. (Polytribax) pallescens Viereck.

A Norton specimen, possibly from Farmington, is in the col-
lection of the American Entomological Society, Philadelphia.

V

Hemiteles Gravenhorst.

The species of this group are said to be exclusively hyper- or
secondary parasites.

Key to Species.

1. Clypeus with two teeth or tubercles on anterior edge 2

Clxpeus without teeth or tubercles on anterior edge 3

2. Abdomen blackish, with apical margins of dorsal segments

pale; palpi nearly white; legs including coxae reddish, ex-
cept a black band at tip of hind femora and at tip of hind
tibiae, and hind tarsi, which are blackish except at base of

first joint .■ pimplae

Abdomen reddish, male with abdomen black at tip. Length
7 mm meteori

3. Wings with blackish bands 4

Wings not banded, but hyaline or dusky 5

4. Propodeum not spined; antennae 23-jointed; length 5 mm.;

brownish or stramineous; apical abdominal segment black,
as are two preceding segments; exserted portion of ovi-
positor one-fifth as long as body ..areator subspecies tenellus
Propodeum spined; head, thorax, antennae, and legs, dull
reddish; abdomen brown, and with faint bands of yellow;
sheaths of ovipositor about as long as abdomen. Length
7-8 mm thyridopterygis

5. Wings hyaline; body not entirely black; abdominal segments

without red or white bands; propodeum not spined 6

Wings brownish 7

6. Abdomen mostly or entirely black 16

Abdomen above mostly reddish brown with a blackish tinge;

scape and pedicel stramineous, flagel blackish; legs pale
stramineous, fore coxae yellowish white lycaenae

7. Length less than 8 mm 8

Length 8 mm. (male); head and most of thorax black and

with yellow marks; face below antennae yellow, antennae
without an annulus, brown; propodeum, abdomen, and legs
mostly reddish stramineous eximius

8. Length less than 6.5 mm 9

Length 6.5 mm.; head and thorax, including scutel, black;

abdomen mostly reddish, first dorsal segment black ex-
cept an apical reddish spot occupying its middle third,
apical margin of fourth segment laterally blackish, fol-
lowing segments black above, those nearest the apex with

22

338 CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

a pale apical edge; scape of antennae black; second and
sixth to ninth antennal joints stramineous; third, fourth
and fifth joints brown, tenth and following joints blackish;
legs mostly reddish; coxae, trochanters, tibiae and tarsi of
fore legs, tibiae and tarsi of mid legs, stramineous; apex
of hind femora, apex of hind tibiae and base of latter
dusky, hind tarsi brown; exserted portion of ovipositor

two-thirds as long as abdomen metacomet

9. Length 5-6 mm io

Length less than 5 mm II

10. Male: head and thorax black; mandibles brownish in middle;

palpi stramineous; antennae blackish throughout; tegulae
brown, wings yellowish at extreme base; fore and mid legs
mostly brownish stramineous; mid coxae blackish at base;
hind coxae brownish above, but blackish at base and be-
neath; hind trochanters mostly brown; hind femora mostly
reddish, the latter dusky at apex; hind tibiae mostly red-
dish, dusky at base and apex, their tarsi dusky; abdomen
mostly reddish; basal four-fifths of first dorsal segment
black, most of its apical fifth reddish, fourth and following

dorsal segments dusky or blackish nigricaniformis

Female and male: differing from nigricaniformis as follows;
mandibles almost entirely black; palpi brownish; tegulae
and wing bases whitish; mid coxae entirely brownish stra-
mineous, hind legs brownish stramineous, except their
tibiae and tarsi, which are mostly blackish; fourth and fifth
dorsal abdominal segments reddish in female; abdomen
entirely black or blackish in male columbiae

1 1. Length less than 4.5 mm 12

Length 4.5 mm. (male) ; mandibles partly yellowish, antennae

dark brown except pedicel and scape, which are whitish
beneath; mid coxae entirely brownish stramineous, hind
coxae reddish, hind tibiae stramineous, brownish at base and
apex; abdomen above mostly blackish or black, apical
margins of second, third and fourth segments more or less
reddish stramineous, fifth and following segments brown;
otherwise as in nigricaniformis as described above . lonicerae

12. Length 4 mm 13

Length 2.5-3 rn™- (male); head, thorax and abdomen, black;

scape rather yellowish beneath, rest of antennae mostly
brown; mandibles mostly yellow, palpi pale; tubercles,
tegulae, fore and mid coxae and all trochanters, yellow or
yellowish; hind coxae blackish at base and above; rest of
legs about as in algonquinus as described below. Female
antennae partly flattened; hind coxae brownish stramineous,
• abdomen partly reddish brown to brownish ....fulvipes race

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 339

13. Female 14

Male: tegulae yellowish; scape, pedicel, and base of first joint
of flagel beneath, brownish stramineous; trochanters mostly
yellowish; hind legs with their coxae, femora and tibiae
mostly stramineous, the latter dusky at base and apex;
hind tarsi mostly dusky; abdomen with first dorsal seg-
ment mostly black, second dorsal segment mostly black,
but with thyridia stramineous and apical edge reddish,
third dorsal segment stramineous and more or less infus-
cated, fourth and following dorsal segments mostly black,
and with an apical stramineous edge 15

14. Head and thorax, including scutel, black; first to fifth joints

of antennas pale brownish stramineous to pale brown; rest
of antennae blackish; hind femora and tibiae, and abdomen
mostly reddish, fore and mid legs stramineous to brownish
stramineous, hind coxae and hind tarsi brownish stramine-
ous, hind tibiae apically and their tarsi dusky; exserted por-
tion of ovipositor nearly as long as hind tibiae orbifortnis

Head and most of thorax, including scutel, black; prothorax
and mesopleurae partly reddish; legs and antennae much
the same in color as in orbifortnis as described above; basal
three-fourths of first dorsal abdominal segment blackish,
second and third dorsal segments with an apical dusky
margin, fourth and following dorsal abdominal segments
entirely or nearly entirely black or blackish; exserted por-
tion of ovipositor about as long as abdomen. . .cressoniformis

15. Clypeus produced in middle of anterior edge, but without a

fossa on each side of depression; fourth dorsal abdom-
inal segment not aciculate all over laticinctus

Clypeus produced in middle of anterior edge and with a
fossa on each side of the depression; fourth dorsal abdom-
inal segment aciculate all over algonquinus

16. Abdomen entirely^ black above thyridopterygfis

Abdomen black above excepting the third segment which is

mostly brownish; scape and pedicel whitish beneath, flagel
various shades of brown; legs mostly stramineous to
brownish stramineous, fore and mid coxae and trochanters
partly or entirely whitish crassifonnis

H. (Orthizema?) areator subspecies tenellus (Say). H.
utilis Norton. Scudder, Butterflies of New England, Vol. iii, PI.
88, Fig. 4.

Bred from parasites of Papilio thoas and Anisota senatoria.

New Haven (S. I. Smith).
*H. eximius (Cresson). Mesoleptus eximius Cresson.

340 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°H. (AUocota) thyridopterygis Riley. Howard, Insect Book,
PI. viii. Fig. 37.

Bred from the bag- worm {Thyridopteryx ephemera; for mis)
and the white-marked tussock-moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma).
Hosts: Scambus inquisitoriellus Dalla Torre and S. conquisitor
Say,

*H. (Zamicrotoridea) orbiformis Viereck (new subgenus,
new species.)

Differs from Microtoridea Viereck in the notauli and sternauli
being absent beyond the middle.

Type locality: Branford, 20 July, 1905 (H. W. W.) ; also
from New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

*H. (Eriplanus) metacomet Viereck (new species).
Type locality: West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*H. (Zoophthorus) nigricaniformis Viereck (new species).
Type locality: New Haven, 24 May, 1905 (W. E. B.).
*H. (Idemum) crassiformis Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Golebrook, 21 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*H. (Ethelurgus) lonicerae Viereck (new species).
Type locality : New Haven, 7 May, 1904, on flowers of honey-
suckle {Lonicera fragrantissima) .

*H. (Rhadinocera) algonquinus Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Putnam, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*H. (Otacustes) cresscniformis Viereck.
Type locality: West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*H. (Astomaspis) fulvipes GravenhorSt (race).
New Haven, f May, 1904 (H. L. V.), on gooseberry flowers
{Rihes oxyacanthoides) .
H. lycaenae Howard,

Reared from a parasite on the larva of (Lyccena) Cyaniris
pseudargiola.

°H. (Bathythrix) pimplae Howard.
Host : Scambus inquisitoriellus Dalla Torre.

°H. (B.) meteori Howard.
Host : Meteorus communis Cresson.

°H. (Adiastola) columbiae Viereck. Adiastola americana
Howard.

Host : Scambus inquisitoriellus Dalla Torre.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 34I

*H. laticinctus Ashmead.
Type locality: New Haven, June, 1880, reared from a para-
site of {Leucania, Heliophila) Cirphis unipuncta.

Stilpnus Gravenhorst.

S. americanus Cresson.

Length 4-4.5 mm. ; mostly black ; antennae brown ; legs brown-
ish stramineous; coxae, except hind pair, more or less brownish
to brownish stramineous, hind pair mostly blackish, partly dark
brown.

New Haven, 20 June, 1905 (W. E. B.).

Phasogenes Wesmael.
Key to Species.

1. Head and thorax mostly black; abdomen more or less red-

dish 2

Mostly or entirely reddish 4

2. Abdomen black at apex; antennae with a pale annulus 3

Abdomen entirely reddish, at least above; clypeus, antennae

and legs mostly pale reddish; mandibles and tegulae yellow;
wings subhyaline, hind tibiae and hind tarsi dusky. Length
9-10 mm fungor

3. Length 9-10 mm.; mostly black; legs, except tips of hind

femora and tips of hind tibiae, and abdomen, except ulti-
mate, penultimate and antipenultimate segments, reddish;
flagel with a white annulus and with its first, second and
third joints reddish; wings faintly dusky; hind coxae toothed
near apex; male with antennae black, except for a white

annulus on flagel; femora and hind tibiae black hebrus

Length 4.7-6.2 mm.; mostly black; mandibles except tips
and base of flagel, yellowish, latter with a whitish annulus;
tegulae whitish; legs, except knees of hind pair and tips of
hind tarsi, yellowish red, as are second, third and fourth
dorsal abdominal segments; wings hyaline; hind coxae
toothed at apex hebe

4. Head mostly or entirely reddish 5

Head, apex of abdomen, hind femora and hind tibiae, black;

wings subhyaline. Length 10 mm quadriceps

5. Ultimate, penultimate and antipenultimate abdominal seg-

ments black, at least above; antennae in some individuals
more or less black above and at tip, and with a whitish

annulus on the flagel; wings hyaline. Length 6.7 mm

vincibilis
Apical ventral abdominal segment blackish at tip, as are an-
tennae at their tips; antennae pale at base, with a pale an-

342 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [Bull.

nulus at about their middle; wings hyaline; hind coxae
toothed beneath. Length of body 7.5 mm helvolus

*P. fungor Norton.
The records for this species in the Agricultural Experiment
Station in New Haven indicate that it occurs throughout the
state in June, July and August (W. E. B., B. H. W., H. W. W.,
J. A. Hyslop, E. J. S. M.).

*P. hebe Cresson.

*P. hebrus Cresson.

*P. (Centeterus) quadriceps Cresson.

*P. helvolus Cresson.

P. vincibilis Cresson.

West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.) ; Branford, 27 June,
1905 (H. W. W.).

Eparces (Foerster) Ashmead.

°E. tuberculifrons (Provancher).

Length 6.2-7.5 mm. ; mostly reddish; tips of antennae and apex
of abdomen more or less black, former with a whitish annulus
at about their middle ; wings clouded with fuscous.

Colpognathus Wesmael.
*C. helvus Cresson.
Length 7.2-10 mm. ; mostly reddish ; mandibles black, apex
of antennae also black ; wings subhyaline. ,

Eurylabus Wesmael.
°E. agilis Cresson.

Length 8-8.7 ^^' Female : mostly black, a dot on each side
of vertex, annulus on flagel, dot beneath tegulse on pleurae, scutel
and postscutel, white; wings hyaline, fore and mid tibiae and
tarsi more or less pale. Male : with sides of face, two spots on
clypeus, labial palpi, spot on scape beneath, spot on tegulae, and
a line before tegulae, white; extreme base of femora reddish;
otherwise as in female.

Platylabus Wesmael.
Key to Species.
Scutel of female reddish; antennae of male with a white an-
nulus; head, anterior half of thorax and apical third

0

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA,OF CONNECTICUT. 343

of abdomen, mostly black; antennae mostly brown; mos.t
of remaining integument reddish; some of segments of
basal third of abdomen with an apical yellowish or whitish

band. Length 6-8 mm thoracicus

Scutel of female white; antennae of male without a white
annulus; mostly metallic blue. Length 12-13 nim clarus

°P. (Apaeleticus) thoracicus Cresson.
P. clarus Cresson.

Trogus Gravenhorst.

Key to Species.

1. Species mostly black; antennae orange, with a fuscous or

nearly fuscous tip 2

Species mostly reddish vulpinus

2. Petiole produced above so as to appear rather pyramidal, and

without a median longitudinal channel brullei

Petiole simply rather convex above, and with a shallow me-
dian longitudinal channel obsidianator

T. (Psilomastix) vulpinus Gravenhorst. T. exesorius
Brulle. PI. ix, Fig. 8.

Parasite of swallow-tail butterflies (Papilio). New Haven,
20 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.), 3 August, 1896 (W. C. Sturgis),
26 Augvist, 1902 (B. H. W.) ; Westville, 2 June, 1901 (W. E. B.).
*T. (Automalus) brullei Cresson.

Hosts : larvae of Dolba hylceus and Smerinthns astylus.
Woodbridge, 26 August, 1906, Stafford, 24 August, 1905
(W. KB.).

°T. obsidianator Brulle.
Parasitic on Papilio polyxenes.

Hoplismenus Gravenhorst.

H. morulus Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. x. Fig. 29 ; Scud-
der. Butterflies of New England, Vol. iii, PI. 88, Fig. 9.

Length 16 mm. ; conspicuous on account of being almost en-
tirely black ; tibiae and tarsi yellowish stramineous ; fore coxae
with a yellow mark in front; scape in male anteriorly more or
less yellow, face beneath antennae in male yellow ; female antennae
with a yellow annulus ; wings fuscous.

The hosts of this American species are the cosmopolitan
mourning-cloak butterfly [{Vanessa) Euvanessa antiopa], and
the question-sign butterfly [ ( Grapta) Polygonia interrogationis] .

344 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Amblyteles Wesmael.
Ichneumon Authors, not Linnseus.
In the writer's opinion Pterocormus* should rank as a sub-
genus of Amblyteles, which is one of the largest of genera. It is
probably one of the most useful groups of insects on account of
the habit of some of its species of parasitizing, and thus destroy-
ing, injurious insects.

Key to Species.

Females.

1. Species of Pterocormus 2

Species of Amblyteles in the strict sense; propodeum without

lateral spines 55

2. Abdomen, at least above, mostly black or blue, without pale

bands or spots, except in some species or individuals,
which have apex of first or last dorsal segment pale-banded

or spotted 3

Abdomen not colored as in preceding paragraph 25

3. Hind legs entirely or nearly entirely black, their tibiae im-

maculate % 4

Hind legs not colored as in preceding paragraph 19

4. Hind coxae with a densely hairy area beneath 5

Hind coxae without a densely hairy area beneath 11

5. Apex of abdomen immaculate 6

Apex of abdomen with one or more white spots; hind tro-
chanters white. Length 9.5-12 mm extrematatis

6. Wings fuliginous 7

Wings hyaline; scutel white and black 10

7. Hairy area of under side of hind coxae condensed, like vel-

vet 8

Hairy area of under side of hind coxae not condensed 9

8. Postpetiole scabrous. Length 12.5-14 mm cincticomis

Postpetiole punctate above; hairy area of under side of hind

coxae brown and equal in extent to apical end of pedicel
in this species; length 14 mm.; mostly black; eighth to
sixteenth joints inclusive partly yellow; pear-shaped welts
along superior margin of mesopleurae and disk of scutel,
yellow nigratoricolor

9. Postpetiole finely scratched above. Length 16 mm ...germanus
Postpetiole punctate above. Length 14-16 mm viola

ID. Abdomen, at least above, steel-blue. Length 11-17 mm. cxruleus
Abdomen, at least above, black, tinged with blue; length
16 mm.; more than half of margins of face and cheeks,
bordering on eyes, luteous; mandibles and palpi immac-

* Pterocormus Foerster in the strict sense supplants Ichneumon Authors, not Linnaeus.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 345

ulate; scape entirely black; pale marks of thorax luteous;
propodeum rather smooth, but deeply punctate; areola
smooth and shining, rather indistinctly sculptured and
hexagonal, the carinse forming its boundary not sharp;
areola about as long as wide at apex; its base separated
from scutel by a groove that is seemingly not as wide
antero-posteriorly as scape is thick; areolet pentagonal,
its radial side a little shorter than either of its cubital
sides and approximately half as long as either transverse
cubitus; legs black with the exception of fore tibiae, which
are pale in front pequoitorum

11. Apex of abdomen immaculate 12

Apex of abdomen with one or more pale spots; scutel white,

penultimate dorsal abdominal segment also with a pale
spot; face without pale orbital lines; pronotum above, line
in front of tegulae, and a line beneath tegulae, white; wings
hyaline or nearly hyaline. Length 9-12.5 mm brevicinctor

12. Wings fuliginous 13

Wings hyaline 18

13. Seutel more or less white 14

Scutel black IS

14. Head not buccate. Length 14 mm caliginosus

Head buccate. Length 19 mm orpheus van

15. Head subquadrate; posterior angles of propodeum rounded.. 16
Head not subquadrate; posterior angles of propodeum spini-

form; abdomen, at least above, black; depressions at base
of second dorsal segment shallow. Length 12.5-15 mm.

malacus

16. Pale orbital lines distinct in front above antennae; depres-

sions at base of second dorsal abdominal segment with
their greatest length equal to one-third the basal width

of the segment. Length 19 mm orpheus

Face entirely black; depressions at base of second dorsal ab-
dominal segment with their greatest length equal to one-
fourth the basal width of the segment. Length 15 mm. . .

saucius

17. Scutel more or less white; postpetiole above broadly dilated;

gastrocceli moderately deep 18

Scutel black; abdomen, at least above, black, though some-
times faintly tinged with blue; postpetiole punctate above.
Length 12.5 mm apertus

18. Anterior orbits indistinctly pale. Length 9-15 mm subcyaneus

Anterior orbits very distinctly pale cinctitarsis

19. Hind legs mostly black or blue 20

Hind legs mostly or entirely reddish; apex of abdomen more

or less white. Length 6-9 mm helvipes

20. Only tibiae of hind legs marked with white or yellow 21

346 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Hind coxae, femora and tibiae marked or banded with white;
abdomen, at least above, steel-blue. Length i6 mm. ..pulcher

21. Propodeum black 22

Propodeum brownish red. Length 17.5 mm centrator

22. Hind coxae beneath with a velvety area; apex of abdomen

spotless 23

Hind coxae beneath without a velvety area; apex of abdomen
spotless; scutel pale 24

23. Scutel mostly black; white only at its sides. Length lo-ii

mm navus

Scutel mostly white; nearly all of under surface of hind coxae
velvety; hind tibiae with a white line behind near their
base. Length 1 1-14 mm sagus

24. Propodeum with a white spot on each side. Length 12.5-16

mm otiosus

Propodeum immaculate; body as long as in otiosus

imifasciatorius

25. Abdomen above mostly black, but marked with white or yel-

low spots or bands, and sometimes varied with reddish

maculations 26

Abdomen above not answering description in preceding para-
graph 28

26. 'Species not answering description in following parapraph.. 27
Dorsum of abdomen with second and often third segment

with an apical yellowish band, apical and adjoining seg-
ments reddish; mesothorax and generally propodeum also
reddish, femora black. Length 14 mm subdolus

27. Dorsum of abdomen with second segment fulvous, and with

a whitish band at apex of third, fourth and sixth seg-
ments; legs fulvous or reddish. Length 11-14 mm, . . jucundus
Dorsum of abdomen with second segment fulvous and all its
segments with an apical yellow band; face black; hind
coxae beneath not at all velvety. Length 12.5- 14 mm. atrifrons

28. Abdomen above mostly reddish, with its apex, however,

black; hind coxae beneath not at all velvety; scutel whit-
ish or reddish 29

Abdomen above mostly reddish or fulvous, first segment and
base or apex of second and sometimes third and fourth
segments, more or less black 35

29. Joints of basal portion of flagel elongate, oblong in profile.. 30
Joints of basal portion of flagel not elongate, subquadrate

in profile; abdomen above with first, second, third, and
sometimes fourth segments entirely reddish; hind femora
and tibiae marked with black; apex of abdomen, at least
above, black. Length 7.5 mm hospitus

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 347

30. Thorax entirely or partly black 31

Thorax entirely reddish; third antennal joint scarcely longer

than fourth; apex of abdomen with a pale spot. Length

9 mm putus

31. Antennae with a distinct pale annulus 32

Antennae without a distinct annulus 34

32. Apex of abdomen dusky or black, without pale spots; second

dorsal segment reddish. Length 12.5 mm 33

Apex of abdomen with pale spots; mesonotum and a large
mark on mesopleurae reddish. Length 7.5 mm terminalis

33. Areola and petiolarea not confluent, but separated by a raised

line instabilis

Areola and petiolarea confluent, not separated by a raised
line; head black; first to fifth joints of flagel brownish,
sixth to eleventh yellowish, rest dark brown; propodeum
black; coxae and most of trochanters black; fore tibiae
mostly brownish; mid tibiae mostly black, hind tibiae black
except for a brownish base; most tarsi uniformly brownish

winkleyi

34. Second dorsal abdominal segment with black stains; length of

body 9.5 mm.; apical half of antennae blackish, lower half
merging in color from reddish to brownish to yellowish;
head almost entirely dark reddish; pronotum, a line beneath
insertion of wings, and dorsulum, reddish; scutel reddish
with a yellowish tinge; legs reddish except coxae, which are
black, proximate trochanters, apical half of hind femora,
and apical fourth of hind tibiae, which are mostly blackish;
second dorsal abdominal segment with blackish stains

brittoni
Second dorsal abdominal segment reddish throughout.
Length 12.5 mm instabilis var.

35. Wings fuliginous 36

Wings hyaline or sub hyaline 40

36. Hind coxae without a distinct velvety area or not at all vel-

vety beneath 37

Hind coxae with a distinct velvety area beneath; thorax
black. Length 17-25 mm grandis

37. Thorax black 38

Thorax more or less reddish; hitid legs, except coxae, entirely

reddish; head reddish; second dorsal abdominal segment

in some individuals black at base. Length 14 mm lewisi

38. Hind legs mostly, but not entirely, black 39

Hind legs entirely black. Length 12.5-17.5 mm rufiventris

39. Hind tibiae white at base. Length 14-20 mm devinctor

Hind femora reddish. Length 14-16 mm insolens

40. Thorax mostly black 41

Thorax mostly reddish S3

348 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [Bull.

41. Thorax almost entirely black; scutel white or yellow 42

Thorax not almost entirely black 44

42. Apex of abdomen with a pale spot 43

Apex of abdomen without a pale spot; abdomen above, ex-
cept base of first segment, entirely reddish. Length 9-12
mm laetus

43. Hind coxae reddish. Length 7.5-10 mm velox

Hind coxae black; thorax partly reddish. Length 9 mm maius

44. Mesothorax and sometimes propodeum, more or less reddish 45
Propodeum with more or less whitish or yellowish marks.

Length 14-17.5 mm w-album

45. Hind tibiae without a pale annulus 46

Hind tibiae with a pale annulus 50

46. Hind tibiae reddish, except their tips, which are black 47

Hind legs, except sometimes coxae, reddish; antennae with a

pale annulus ; scutel yellow 51

47. Antennae with a distinct pale annulus 48

Antennae without a distinct pale annulus 49

48. Areola and petiolarea not confluent, but separated by a raised

line. Length 12.5 mm instabilis

Areola and petiolarea confluent, not separated by a raised
line; length 12.5 mm,; see also description under 33..winkleyi

49. Second dorsal abdominal segment with black or blackish

stains; length 9.5 mm.; see also description under 34 . ,brittoni
Second dorsal abdominal segment reddish throughout.
Length 12.5 mm instabilis var.

50. Length 5-7.5 mm annulipcs

Length 10 mm signatipes

51. Abdomen above with first to fourth segments more or less

black at base. Length ii mm seminiger

Abdomen above with first to fourth segments concolorous
with propodeum, which is pale reddish or bright reddish.
Length 12 mm. or more confirmatus

52. Apex of abdomen without a pale spot 53

Apex of abdomen with a pale spot, second and third dorsal

abdominal segments each with a large black mark.
Length 10 mm disparilis

53. Abdomen above entirely reddish 54

Abdomen above not entirely reddish, but mostly so, second to

fourth segments black or blackish at base. Length 11
mm. or more brevipennis

54. Propodeum without prominent lateral tubercles; postpettole

punctate above, anterior margin of clypeus truncate.

Length 7.5 mm soror

Propodeum without prominent tubercles, postpetiole either
smooth or indistinctly scratched; second dorsal segment

No. 22,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 349

closely and finely punctate; thorax partly dusky; hind
tibiae palfe at base, fuscous at apex; antennae with a pale
annulus. Length 6 mm nanus

55. Abdomen blue, at least above 56

Abdomen black and reddish, at least above 57

56. Hind legs blue, immaculate; scutel w^ith only about six dis-

tinct punctures; apex of abdomen immaculate; length 15
mm.; flagel blackish, except seventh to thirteenth joints,
which are mostly yellowish brown; face rather umbili-
cately punctate; greatest dimension of spaces between
punctures, on dorsulum, equal to three or four puncture
widths; basal area, areola and petiolarea confluent, these,
together with external area, apparently impunctate, and
seemingly finely striate; punctures on rest of body about
as far apart as those on dorsulum; radial side of areolet
less than one-half as long as shortest side of areolet . .sassacus
Hind legs reddish, except tips of tibiae and tarsi, which are
black; abdomen fusiform. Length 14 mm ..ormenus

57. Apex of abdomen black 58

Apex of abdomen reddish 59

58. Scutel black, mid and hind legs black or blackish throughout.

Length 14 mm rufizonatus

Scutel pale; hind legs black; bases of tibiae reddish; antennae
with joints of basal portion oblong in profile; second,
third and fourth dorsal abdominal segments and apex of
first, reddish; segments at apex of abdomen with a pale
spot. Length 1 1 mm nortoni

59. Head and thorax more or less reddish 60

Head and thorax black; hind legs entirely black; postpetiole

scratched above; third joint of antennae much longer than
fourth. Length 12.5-15 mm detritus

60. Abdomen fusiform, its dorsal segments generally more or

less black at base; basal portion of flagel with its joints
scarcely twice as long as broad, except first joint, which
is three times as long as broad; thorax generally mostly
reddish, and with black sutures; length 11-14 mm.; antennae

with more or less of a yellow annulus suturalis

Abdomen subcompressed at tip; antennae with a pale annulus.
Length 14 mm anceps

Males.
I. Second and fourth ventral abdominal segments with a longi-
tudinal median ridge or fold; propodeum rarely bispinose,
scutel more or less flat, or simply convex, then gradually
sloping to apex 2

350 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Third, fourth and eighth ventral abdominal segments fiat,
smooth, without a longitudinal median ridge or fold; scutel
flat or simply convex 6l

2. Abdomen mostly black or blue 3

Abdomen mostly yellow or reddish 43

3. Abdomen black or blue, without pale bands or spots, except

sometimes on apex of first or apical segment 4

Abdomen black and yellow, sometimes partly reddish 28

4. Hind legs not entirely black S

Hind legs entirely black 21

5. Hind legs not reddish 6

Hind legs mostly reddish, their coxae black; apical abdominal

segment white; face black, narrowly pale laterally; scutel
whitish apically helvipes

6. Hind tibiae, only, more or less white 7

Hind coxae, hind femora and hind tibiae more or less white;

scutel white only laterally; abdomen blue; propodeum
with white maculations pmlcher

7. Antennae black, except for a pale annulus; abdomen immacu-

late at apex 8

Antennae entirely black 12

8. Postpetiole with a white mark or band at tip 9

Postpetiole entirely black ID

9. Propodeum immaculate iinifasciatorius

Propodeum with two white maculae posteriorly ....sublatus var.

10. Hind tibiae without an entire white annulus, but with a

white line above, toward base 11

Hind tibiae with an entire white annulus at base; apex of
abdomen immaculate, petiole above entirely black; hind
trochanters white, scutel white laterally. Length lo-ii
mm navus

n. Propodeum immaculate; annulus on antennae complete.

Length 11-14 mm sag^us

Propodeum with a white spot on each side of the middle;
annulus on antennae interrupted beneath. Length 12.5-
14 mm sublatus var. proximus

12. Postpetiole entirely black; scutel pale; apex of abdomen

black 13

Postpetiole with a white spot or band at apex 19

13. Propodeum immaculate 14

Propodeum with two white spots behind. Length 12.5-14

mm sublatus

14. Hind tibiae white or yellow, black at tips 15

Hind tibiae black, with a white line above; face white laterally,

black down the middle 17

15. Wings subhyaline 16

Wings fuscous. Length 16 mm bronteus

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 35 1

i6. Hind tarsi with at least first and second joints yellowish or
whitish, with fuscous tips; fore and mid coxae yellow, hind

coxae black cinctitarsis

Hind tarsi entirely black, all coxae white. Length 15-17.5 mm.

ultus

17. Postpetiole coarsely scratched above 18

Postpetiole smooth or only punctate above; wings subhyaline;

the white line on hind tibiae not reaching to the tip. Length
9-15 mm subcyaneus

18. Abdomen black above, second segment uniformly sculptured;

hind coxae with white maculations. Length 15-17.5 mm

ultus var. rogalis
Abdomen bluish black above, second segment coarsely and
longitudinally rugose on the basal half; hind coxae entirely
black. Length 14-15 mm stadaconensis

19. Scutel white 20

Scutel white only along lateral margins; abdomen blue, at

least above. Length 11-17.5 mm caeruleus

20. Abdomen black, at least above; propodeum with a white spot

on each side. Length 15 mm infidelis

Abdomen black, at least above; propodeum immaculate.
Length 14-16 mm azotu^

21. Antennae mostly black and blue or entirely black 22

Antennae mostly orange-yellow, black at extreme base and

apex. Length 17.5 mm flavicomis

22. Antennae mostly black, and with a pale annulus 23

Antennae entirely black or blue; face mostly white and with

a black median longitudinal stripe; scutel white, as are fore
and mid coxae. Length 19-20 mm pepticus

23. Apex of abdomen immaculate; wings dark fuliginous 24

Apex of abdomen with one or more pale spots 26

24. Postpetiole entirely black 25

Postpetiole more or less white at tip; face white, except in

some individuals in which the lateral depressions are
black. Length 12.5-16 mm unifasciaterius

25. Face entirely black. Length 15-17 mm galenus

Face black and white; scutel black and white. Length 16

mm ? pequoitorum

26. Postpetiole entirely black above 27

Postpetiole with a narrow (antero-posterior) apical margin

of white above; propodeum with a white spot on each
side. Length 13 mm merus

27. Hind trochanters black. Length 9-12.5 mm brevicinctor

Hind trochanters white. Length 9.5-12.5 mm extrematatis

28. Apex of abdomen partly or entirely black or yellow 29

Apex of abdomen partly or entirely fulvous 41

352 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

29. Apex of abdomen entirely black or blackish brown or yel-

low; antennae without a pale annulus .' 30

Apex of abdomen mostly black, margined with white or yel-
low 39

30. Second and third dorsal abdominal segments yellow and

black 31

Second and third dorsal abdominal segments yellow at base Kt
or apex and sometimes centrally fuscous or reddish.
Length 1 1-14 mm versabilis

31. Second and third dorsal abdominal segments more or less

black at apex 32

Second and third dorsal abdominal segments more or less

black at base, apex of abdomen black 35

32. Fourth dorsal abdominal segment not partly yellow 33

Fourth dorsal abdominal segment partly yellow 34

33. Abdomen dull, postpetiole scratched, gastrocoeli transverse;

propodeum generally more or less yellow. Length 15-16

mm comes

Abdomen shining, postpetiole smooth and polished, gas-
trocoeli linear; entirely black. Length 10-12. 5 mm wilsoni

34. Abdomen otherwise as in comes or nearly so; body as long as

in comes comes var. aleatorius

Apex of abdomen black, gastrocoeli deep, first dorsal seg-
ment entirely black. Length as in comes comes var.

35. Length less than 15 mm 36

Length 15 mm. or more 37

36. Length 9 mm parvus

Length 6-7 mm.; pale orbital lines interrupted posteriorly..

parvus var.

37. Length 17 mm.; color nearly as in comptus, but abdomen

above mostly black, and with four conspicuous yellow
transverse bands and with an indistinct fifth transverse

yellow band; legs black and yellow quadrizonatus

Color not nearly as in comptus 38

38. Pale orbital lines interrupted posteriorly. Length 15-16 mm.

Isetus
Pale orbital lines not interrupted posteriorly, but entire.
Length 16-19 mm munificus

39. Mesothorax mostly black, maculated 40

Mesothorax entirely black; abdomen mostly black above

and with yellow or whitish transverse bands. Length
14-16 mm ; flavizonatus

40. Length 13 mm.; cheeks black, antennae mostly black, scape

and pedicel partly yellow; mesothorax mostly black, only
a yellow line above and below insertion of wings; wings
tinted with brown, veins mostly dark brown, stigma pale
brown; hind coxae entirely black; fore and mid legs al-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 353

most entirely yellow, hind legs yellow with the excep-
tion of coxae described above; apical three-fourths of
hind femora and apical third of hind tibiae black; greater
part of apical half of first abdominal segment, dorsally
* and laterally, yellow; beyond first segment abdomen above
mostly reddish, with a little more than basal third of
second, and less than basal third of third to sixth seg-
ments, blackish; abdomen brownish yellow beneath; dor-
sulum may be entirely black, and pale portions of abdo-
men may be yellowish footei

Length 12.5-14 mm.; mesothorax black, except two longi-
tudinal lines above; abdomen mostly yellow above and
with black bands; legs yellow or stramineous comptus

41. Antennae with a pale annulus; postpetiole above smooth and

polished 42

Antennae without a pale annulus; postpetiole punctate above.
Length n mm mimicus

42. Hind femora black. Length 7-10 mm paratus

Hind femora fulvous. Length lo-ii mm vinnulus

43. Abdomen mostly reddish above '. 44

Abdomen mostly yellow above, ultimate, penultimate and

antepenultimate dorsal segments, and even one additional
dorsal segment, black; legs entirely yellow. Length 16
mm milvus

44. Apex of abdomen black or blackish, second to fourth dorsal

abdominal segments more or less reddish; wings hyaline

or subhyaline 45

Apex of abdomen not black or blackish 50

45. Antennae without a pale annulus; scutel more or less pale ... 46
Antennae with a pale annulus 48

46. Hind coxae black and white, or black 47

Hind coxae reddish. Length 6.5 mm citrifrons

47. Postpetiole coarsely granulated above, not longitudinally

rugose; hind coxae black and white. Length 15 mm. ...electus
Postpetiole above finely scratched; scutel convex. Length
12.5 mm instabilis

48. Segments of apical portion of abdomen entirely black 49

Segments of apical portion of abdomen with white maculae.

Length 7.5-9 mm finitimus

49. Coxae, trochanters and femora of hind legs, reddish. Length

7.5 mm hospitus

Coxae, trochanters and femora of hind legs black or nearly
black; length 8 mm.; wings transparent, and with a brown-
ish tinge leviculus

50. Wings dark fuliginous or black 51

Wings hyaline or subhyaline, sometimes reddish 55

51. Antennae without a pale annulus; abdomen mostly reddish .... 52

23

354 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Antennae with a pale annulus; head and thorax black. Length
14-16 mm insolens

£2. Only first dorsal abdominal segment black S3

First to fourth dorsal abdominal segments more or less black
at base; scutel yellow. Length 15-16 mm succinctus

53. Hind legs entirely black 54

Hind legs only mostly black, their tibiae with a white line or

spot laterally toward base; scutel white; scape entirely
black. Length 14-20 mm devinctor

54. Head subquadrate; cheeks convex. Length 17-25 mm...grandis
Head subtriangular, cheeks flattened; scutel black; postpeti-

ole scratched. Length 12.5-17.5 mm rufiventris

55. Antennae with a pale annulus 56

Antennae without a pale annulus 61

56. Hind coxae black, or black and white, or black and yellow;

gastrocoeli elongate, linear, subobsolete, or wanting 57

Hind coxae reddish 60

57. Clypeus either concave or with a more or less distinct me-

dian impression or fovea 58

Clypeus flat or subconvex, not excavated medially; abdomen
above fulvous, generally more or less marked with fus-
cous. Length 6-9 mm scitulus

58. Clypeus with a more or less distinct median impression

or fovea; abdomen above uniformly fulvous or reddish. ... 59
Clypeus broadly concave; abdomen above mostly fulvous,
and generally with fuscous spots on second to fourth seg-
ments. Length 14-17.5 mm w-album

59. Length 11-13 mm.; hind femora not reddish duplicatus

Length 8-9 mm.; hind femora reddish duplicatiformis

60. All dorsal abdominal segments black and reddish; length 9

mm.; body, at least above, closely punctate; areola sub-
quadrate, bounded anteriorly by a groove separating it
from postscutel; face below insertion of antennae and or-
bital margins, yellow; orbital yellow mark not completely
bounding eyes; lateral margin of pronotum, a line beneath
each wing, greater portion of scutel, fore coxae, greater
part of mid coxae, fore trochanters and mid trochanters,
yellow; spurs whitish; antennae various shades of brown,
and with a yellow annulus, owing to fifteenth to twenty-
second joints being entirely or mostly yellow; scape brown-
ish yellow; mesopleurae and propodeum partly, hind coxae
almost entirely, trochanters, femora and part of tibiae of
hind legs, apical fourth of first abdominal segment, sec-
ond and third dorsal abdominal segments, greater part
of each succeeding segment, and abdomen beneath, except
first segment, various shades of red; wings subhyaline,
tinted with brown; veins dark brown, stigma pale brown

quintills

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 355

Dorsal abdominal segments second to fourth, sometimes in-
cluding fifth, narrowly black at base. Length 14-15 mm.

volens

61. Abdomen above entirely reddish; mesothorax reddish, rest

of thorax mostly reddish, hind femora reddish; head black

and yellow. Length 7.5-9 mm utilis

Abdomen above mostly reddish; basal margin of segments
more or less black; head and thorax reddish, except pleurae
which are generally black beneath; gastrocceli deep, fovei-
form; postpetiole scratched. Length 12.5-15 mm longulus

62. Abdomen above black or blue, immaculate; legs black or

blue and white; scutel pale; face more or less white 63

Abdomen above black and reddish; second, third, and some-
times base of fourth segment, more or less reddish; scutel
pale, hind legs black; coxae, tibiae and tarsi varied with
white. Length 15 mm electus

63. Abdomen black, at least above. Length 15-17.5 mm ultus

Abdomen blue-black, at least above. Length 14-15 mm.

stadaconensis

*A. (Chasmias?) pequoitorum Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Putnam, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°A. (C.) orpheus (Cresson).

°A. (C.) saucius (Cresson).

*A. (C?) nigratoricclor Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Branford, 19 September, 1904 (H. W. W.).

A. (Stenichneumon?) malacus (Say). Howard, Insect
Book, PI. ix. Fig. 16.

Occurs throughout the state. Branford, 19 July, 1905 (H.
W. W.) ; North Branford, 16 November, 1912 (H. B. Kirk).

*A. (S.?) cinctitarsis (Provancher).

A. (S.?) cincticornis (Cresson).
Occurs all over the state.

A. (S.?) flavicornis (Cresson).

On the wing in June and July, throughout the state.

A. (S.?) otiosus (Say).
Scotland, 15 July, 1904 (B. H. W.).
A. (S.?) ormenus (Cresson).
New Haven (A. E. V.).

A. (S.?) centrator (Say). Howard, Insect Book, PI. ix.
Fig. 14, as Ichneumon curtator (typographical error).

356 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Parasitic on (Pyrrharctia) Isia isabella. Occurs in June and
July, throughout the state.

A. (Cratichneumon?) galenus (Cresson).
This is probably the male of cincticornis.
Generally distributed in Connecticut.

A. (C?) pepticus (Cresson).

This may be the male of orpheus. New Haven, 21 May,
1903 (W. E. B.).

A. (C.) subcyaneus (Cresson).

This species may be parasitic on the white-marked tussock
moth, Hemerocampa leucostigma. Occurs throughout the state
as early as May, during which month it visits flowers of For-
sythia, and as late as September.

A. (C?) comes (Cresson). PI. ix. Fig. 2.

Visits flowers of Cicuta maculata. May be only a variety of
bronteus. Generally distributed throughout the state, and has
been taken, flying, June to October.

A. (C?) comes var. aleatorius (Harris).

(A. C?) flavizonatus (Cresson). Howard. Insect Book, PI.
X, Fig. II.

A parasite of the army worm, {Leucania, Heliophila) Cirphis
unipuncta, and may be the male of jucundus. Generally dis-
tributed throughout the state. Has been taken, flying, in June.

A. (C?) leviculus (Cresson).
Staff^ord, 24 August, 1904 (W. E. B.).

A. (C?) succinctus (Brulle).

New Haven, 16 June, 1900 (W. E. B.).

A. (C?) w-album (Cresson). Howard, Insect Book, PI. x,
Fig. 6. Coelichneumon, according to Morley.

New Haven, 14 June, 1905 (B. H. W.), 22 August, 1904
(P. L. B.).

A. (C?) annulipes (Cresson).
°A. (Pterocormus?) germanus (Cresson).
*A. (P.?) apertus (Cresson).

A. (P.?) merus (Cresson).

New Haven, 8 June, 1904 (W. E. B.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 357

A. (Cratichneumon) brevicinctor (Say).
Westville, ii June, 1905 (W. E. B.).

°A. (P.?) caliginosus (Cresson).
A. (Melanichneumon) extrematatis (Cresson).
Occurs all over the state, and has been taken in May and
July.

A. (P.?) sagus (Cresson).

A. (Stenichneumon) sublatus (Cresson).

A. (S.) sublatus var. proximus (Cresson).
°A. (Cratichneumon) azotus (Cresson).
*A. (P.?) infidelis (Cresson).

Type locality: Connecticut (E, N.).

A. (Cratichneumon) unifasciatorius (Say). Howard, In-
sect Book, PI. X, Fig. 10, CceUchneumon according to Morley.

Parasitic on (Acronycta) Apatela oblinita. Genrally dis-
tributed over the state and on the wing in August and September.
°A. (P.?) bronteus (Cresson).

A. (Bar ichneumon) helvipes (Cresson).

A. (P.?) versabilis (Cresson). Scudder, Butterflies of New
England, Vol. iii, PI. 88, Fig. 2.

Hosts: (Chrysophanns) Hoedes hypophlceas, (Grapta) Poly-
gonia f annus. Colebrook, 21 July, 1905 (H. L. V.), on flowers
of Cicuta maculata.

°A. (P.?) wilsoni (Cresson). Howard, Insect Book, PI. x,
Fig. I.

A. (P.?) munificus (Cresson).

A. (P.?) mimicus (Cresson).

Probably confined to the Alleghanian region of the state.

*A. (P.) quintilis Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Branford, 28 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

*A. (P.) quadrizonatus Viereck (new species).
Type locality : Branford, 16, 19 September, 1904 (H. W. W.).
Also from New Haven, 12 September, 1904 (B. H. W.) ; Stam-
ford, 18 June, 1912 (H. B. Kirk).
*A. (P.) footei Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Staflford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.), on

358 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

flowers of goldenrod. Also from Pemaquid Point, Maine,
August, 1906 (H. W. Foote).

*A. (P.) winkleyi Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Branford, 5 July, 1905 (H. W. W.).

*A. (P.) brittoni Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Torrington, 7 July, 1905 (W. E. B.).

A. (P.?) parvus (Cresson).

Very likely limited to the same region as the preceding species.

A. (P.?) jucundus (Brulle).

Guilford, 9 August, 1904 (H. L. V.) ; Bolton, 3 April, 1913
(D. J. Caffrey).

A. (P.?) comptus (Say). Possibly the male of atrifrons.
West Hartford, 29 August, 1904 (H. L. V.).

A. (P.?) subdolus (Cresson).

A. (P.?) paratus (Say).

A. (P.?) vinnulus (Cresson). Probably only a variety of
paratus.

New Haven, 8 June (W. E- B.), 18, 22 August, 1904
(P. L. B.).

A. (P.?) milvus (Cresson).

A. (P.?) instabilis (Cresson).

Hosts : CEneis noma var. semidea; Phyciodes tharos.

Yalesville, 24 September, 1912 (H. B. Kirk).

°A. (P.?) finitimus Cresson.
°A. (P.?) terminalis (Cresson.)

A. (P.?) hospitus (Cresson).

Thompson, 11 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).
*A. (P.?) citrifrons (Cresson).
*A. (P.?) putus (Cresson).

Type locality : Connecticut.

A. (P.?) grandis (Brulle).

°A. (P.?) rufiventris (Brulle). Scudder, Butterflies of New
England, Vol. iii, PI. 88, Fig. i.

A. (P.?) devinctor (Say). Howard, Insect Book, PI. x.
Fig. 12.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 359

A. (P.?) duplicatus (Say).

A. (P.?) lewisi (Cresson)

Branford, 8 May, 1905 (H. W. W.).

A. (Pterocormus) laetus (BruUe). Same as funestus (Cres-
son), according to Knight, corroborated by Henry Bird in rear-
ings from Papaipenta duplicata.

Plainfield, 17 April, 1906, Scotland, 25 July, 1904, New Haven,
10 June, 1904 (B. H. W.) ; New Haven, 4 May 1904 (H. L. V.) ;
on flowers of Forsythia suspensa and Lonicera fragrantissima;
Torrington, 7 July, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Meriden, May, 1913 (H.
L. Johnson). Occurs throughout the State in June and July.

°A. (P.?) velox (Cresson).
°A. (P.?) maius (Cresson).
*A. (P.?) signatipes (Cresson).
°A. (P.?) scitulus (Cresson.

A. (P.?) seminiger (Cresson). Howard Insect Book, PI.
ix, Fig. 15.

New Haven, 7 May, 1904 (H. L. V.) ; Hamden, 25 May,
Lyme, 5 August, 191 1 (A. B. C).
°A. (P.?) volens (Cresson).
°A. (P.?) brevipennis (Cresson).

Parasitic on (Lencania, Heliophila) Cirphis albilinea.
*A. (P.?) disparilis (Cresson).

Type locality: Connecticut.

A. (P.?) utilis (Cresson).

Parasite of the canker-worm. Possibly the male of soror.

°A. (P.?) nanus (Cresson).
Bred from Acrobasis rubrifasciella.

°A. (P.?) longulus (Cresson). Howard, Insect Book, PI. x.
Fig. 5-

°A. (Melanichneumon?) viola (Cresson). Howard, Insect
Book, PI. X, Fig. 20. Coelichneumon, according to Morley.

°A. (Coelichneumon) caeruleus (Cresson). Howard, Insect
Book, PI. X, Fig. 16. Cratichneumon.

Parasitic on the white-marked tussock moth, H enter ocampa
leucostigma.

360 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

*A. (C.) sassacus Viereck (new species).

Type locality: Westville, 21 October, 1905 (W. E. B.).

A. (C.) pulcher (Brulle).

New Haven, 17 May, 191 1 (W. E. B.).

A. (C.) navus (Say).
°A. (Amblyteles) atrifrons (Cresson).
*A. (A.) ultus (Cresson).
*A. (A.) ultus var. rogalis (Cresson).

A. (A.) stadaconensis (Provancher).

Salisbury, 27 August, 1904 (W. E. B.).
*A. (A.) electus (Cresson).

A. (A.) detritus (LePeletier).
*A. (A.) nortoni (Cresson).

Type locality: Connecticut.

A, (A.) suturalis (Say). A. leucaniiz Fitch.

A parasite of the army worm (Leucania, Heliopkila) Cirphis
unipuncta, New Haven, 17 May, 1905 (B. H. W.), on flowers of
apple (Pyrus malus) . Plants ville (A. Shepard).

°A. (Trachichneumon) confirmatus (Cresson).

°A. (Tetragonochora ?) insolens (Cresson). Howard, Insect
Book, PI. ix, Fig. 13.

A. (Barichneumon) sorer (Cresson).
New Haven, 3 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

*A. (B.?) duplicatiformis Viereck (new species).
Type locality: Connecticut. Type in collection of American
Entomological Society, Philadelphia.

*A. (Ectopimorpha) anceps (Cresson).

°A. (Probolus?) rufizonatus (Cresson).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 36I

CYNIPOIDEA.*

To this superfamily belong parasitic, guest or inquilinous, and
gall-making species, which are seemingly intermediate between
the aculeates and the almost exclusively parasitic forms of the
order Hymenoptera.

The gall-making forms are in the majority, and are responsible
for many of the abnormal growths that are to be seen on quite
a variety of plants, especially oak trees. They are, when in the
galls, attacked by birds, and by a host of parasitic insects
belonging to the next succeeding superfamily of this order and
possibly to even some others of the superfamilies of the Hymen-
optera, so that it has been the wonder of students of these insects
that any of them should survive to perpetuate their kind. There
are many interesting aspects of the study of these mostly minute
insects, and any one wishing to pursue the subject intimately
will find an abundance of literature over which to browse. For
references to some of the more interesting papers on these insects
the reader may consult the bibliography given in the introduction
to this work on the Hymenoptera of Connecticut.

Key to Families.

1. Dorsal abdominal segments not extending down along the

sides so as to meet beneath ventral segments, therefore

all or nearly all of the ventral segments visible 2

Dorsal abdominal segments extending down along the sides
and meeting beneath, thereby completely enclosing or con-
cealing the ventral segments or all of the ventral segments
except a part of the apical one or the hypopygium . . .

FIGITID^ p. 363

2. Basal joint of hind tarsi usually shorter and never much

longer than joints two to five united; abdomen not at all
or very little longer than head and thorax combined

CYNIPID^ p. 368

*The classification here adopted is that of the late Dr. Wm. H. Ashmead.

362

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

NOMENCLATURE OF WING PARTS IN THE DRAWING OF
DIASTROPHUS NEBULOSUS.

COMSTOCK-NEEDHAM SYSTEM
Sca + 2d R.+ R»

R4 + 5

OLD SYSTEM

Marginal cell .
Areolet .

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 363

Basal joint of hind tarsi at least twice as long as second,
third, fourth, and fifth joints united; second, third, and
fourth joints of tarsi longer than fifth, second with a
long spinous process extending outwardly; abdomen very
distinctly compressed from side to side, spatulate, and
distinctly longer than head and thorax united; first to
fourth or even including fifth segment nearly equal in
length to each other IB ALIID^ p. 442

FIGITID^.
Key to Genera.

1. Abdomen ovate, compressed or subcompressed from side

to side, in some species distinctly petiolate, its apex usu-
ally pointed 2

Abdomen short, globose or subglobose, second segment
longer than the others; scutel smooth and convex; hind
tibiae with only one apical spur; pronotum and legs without
leaf-like dilatations; claws simple; mesonotum entirely
without notauli; wings fully developed, marginal cell com-
pletely closed; antennae 13-jointed in the female, 14-jointed
in the male; scutel not foveate at base; wings much longer
than abdomen Xystus p. 367

2. Scutel without a cup-like elevation above, usually foveate at

base, spined or cone-shaped 3

Scutel with a cup-like elevation above; second abdominal
segment always the longest and usually occupying most
of the surface of abdomen; hind tibiae with two apical spurs 8

3. Abdomen distinctly petiolated, second segment usually some-

what longer than third; scutel more or less conical, but
never ending in a spine, separated from mesonotum by a
suture or furrow, and with two oblique foveas at its base;
petiole of abdomen usually longer than hind coxae, and

smooth; propodeum not areolated Anacharis p. 365

Abdomen sessile or subsessile, or with a short petiole, sec-
ond segment shorter than third 4

4. Second abdominal segment not prolonged dorsally, as seen

from the side, and not tongue-shaped; cheeks margined;
eyes hairy or pubescent; mesopleurae separated from meso-

sternum by a sharp, longitudinal ridge or carina 6

Second abdominal segment prolonged dorsally, as seen from
the side, tongue-shaped S

5. Scutel not spined; mesonotum scabrous, opaque, with two dis-

tinct furrows and a median carina; scutel elevated and
truncate posteriorly and with a channel throughout; mar-
ginal cell open at base and along fore margin, confluent
with costal cell; female with antennae 13-jointed, and

364 CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [Bull.

filiform Onychia p. 365

Scutel ending in a spine; marginal cell op^n along the fore
margin and sometimes at its base, confluent with costal
cell; mesothorax carinate and scabrous or smooth and
without carina, with notauli; female antennae 13-jointed,
filiform Aspicera p. 365

6. Marginal cell completely closed 7

Marginal cell more or less open along fore margin; scutel

rugose, more or less carinate, and ending in a long acute
spine; female antennae 13-jointed, subclavate, male an-
tennae 14-jointed, filiform Solenaspis p. 366

7. Scutel rugose, rounded or obtuse at its apex, but never ending

in a spine; head and thorax smooth, shining; female an-
tennae 13-jointed, subclavate, with their joints beyond the
fifth oblong-oval, the third longer than the fourth, male an-
tennae 14-jointed, filiform; abdomen not much compressed

from side to side Figites p. 366

Scutel rugose, more or less carinate, and ending in an acute
spine which latter is sometimes channeled; female antennae
13-jointed, subclavate, male antennae 14-jointed, filiform,
the third joint a little shorter than the fourth Solenaspis p. 366

8. Females 9

Males: characters the same as in the corresponding females

except antennae which are 15-jointed, and other particulars
as noted below ^ ^

9. Propodeum not produced into a long neck, abdomen at most

subsessile, its base with a hairy girdle; front wings entire
at apex, never emarginate or excised although sometimes
truncate; apical portion of the submarginal vein slender,
always two or more times longer than thick; wings
fully developed and long enough to extend beyond
tip of abdomen when lying over the latter; antennae 13-
jointed ^°

Propodeum as in Eucoila; abdomen at base without a hairy
girdle; mesonotum with notauli that are distinct to base
of scutel, converging and meeting before reaching base of
scutel, thence extending to base as a delicate carina; mar-
ginal cell closed; antennae 12-jointed Eucoilidea p. 366

10. Marginal cell closed along front margin; wings bare, glabrous,
not pubescent or ciliated; antennae subfiliform, not ending
in a distinct club, although slightly thickened toward apex,

third joint a little longer than fourth Eucoila p. 366

Marginal cell open along front margin, closed at base, apical
division of the submarginal vein distinct, wings pubescent,
ciliate; abdomen not unusually compressed from side to
side, hypopygium not very prominent; front wings with

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 365

cubitus present and distinct; antennae subclavate or clavate,
more or less thickened toward apex, joints submoniliform

Cothonaspis p. 367

11. Marginal cell closed 12

Marginal cell open along front margin, not confluent with

costal cell, apical portion of abscissa of submarginal vein
always present, cubitus in front wings always more or less
present or distinct, wings pubescent, ciliate; cup of scutel
rather oval or ovate; first joint of flagel not longer than
second Cothonaspis p. 367

12, Marginal cell closed along front margin, wings as in female;

antennae filiform and with cylindrical joints. .. .Eucoila p. 366
Characters as in female Eucoilidea except as to antennae,
which are is-jointed Eucoilidea p. 366

Anacharis Dalman.

A. marginata Provancher.

Male : length 3 mm. ; mostly black ; antennae brown at base,
the remainder yellowish ; scutel rugose, surrounded by a border ;
wings hyaline, veins brown to reddish black ; legs stramineous, ex-
cept the posterior coxae, which are black.

A. sp.

New Haven, 19 August, 1905. Bred from Baccha fascipennis
or Phenacocciis (W. E. B.).

Onychia Haliday.

O. provancheri Ashmead.

Female : length 4.5 mm. ; mostly black ; scutel, metathorax
and sides of the rest of the thorax reddish ; wings hyaline, veins
yellowish, with a blackish tinge; legs brown to reddish with a
blackish tinge, their femora infuscated ; petiole of abdomen red-
dish ; ovipositor hardly exserted.

Aspicera Dahlbom.
A. sp.

Female : length 4 mm. ; black, except flagel, trochanters,
femora, tibiae, and tarsi, which are castaneous ; wings hyaline,
veins pale stramineous ; ovipositor scarcely exserted.

Male : length 3.5 mm. ; colored like the female, except the hind
femora, which are mostly blackish.

Branford, 26 July, 1905 (H. W. W.). Also from New Haven,
20 July, 1904 (W. E. B.).

366 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Solenaspis Ashmead.

S. armata (Say). Diplolepis armatus Say. D. V-lineatus
Say.

Female and male : length 4 mm. ; mostly black ; antennae red-
dish, with the first joint black ; legs reddish or stramineous ;
wings hyaline, veins brown or brownish, scutel conical.

Figites Latreille.
Undoubtedly represented in the state although not yet re-
corded.

Eucoila Westwood.

Psilodora Foerster.

E. pedata (Say). Diplolepis pedatus Say.

Male : length 2 mm. ; mostly black ; third joint of antennae a
little arcuated and equal to the length of the fourth and fifth com-
bined, antennae yellowish with a blackish tinge; mandibles black-
ish; wings with a very slight blackish tinge, veins brown; legs
stramineous.

E. stigmata (Say). Diplolepis stigmatus Say. Kleidotoma
maculipenne Provancher.

Length 1.5 mm. ; mostly black; antennas mostly blackish, their
basal joint yellowish, second joint almost spherical, second and
third joints subequal in length ; wings hyaline, veins yellowish ;
stigma triangular ; legs pale stramineous ; abdomen dull rufous.

E. impatiens (Say). Diplolepis impatiens Say. Kleidotoma
cupuliferum Provancher.

Length 4 mm, ; mostly black ; antennae blackish,, mandibles
reddish ; scutel with a margin, deeply depressed and rugose ; wings
hyaline, veins pale brown ; legs reddish or rather piceous.

Eucoilidea Ashmead.
Key to Species.

Female: length 2 mm.; all legs dark red; veins yellowish

canadensis

Male: length 2 mm.; mostly black; antennae red and longer
than body; legs except femora, which are black at tips,
stramineous; wings hyaline, their veins pale longicomis

E. canadensis (Ashmead). Figites canadensis Ashmead.
E. Icngicornis Ashmead.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 367

Cothonaspis Ashmead.
Probably occurs in the state.

Xystus Hartig.
Allotria.

X. brassicae Ashmead. Cabbage Aphis Xystus, or Cabbage
Aphis Allotria.

This is a parasite of the cosmopolitan Aphis brassicce. Length
1.2 mm. Female: mostly black; face and vertex stramineous;
antennae pale yellowish brown, or yellowish toward base, becom-
ing brownish or inf uscated at the tip ; thorax smooth ; wings clear,
their veins yellowish ; second abdominal segment but slightly
longer than the third ; abdomen more or less stramineous at base
and beneath ; legs stramineous or tawny yellow. Male : with the
third, fourth and fifth joints of the antennae almost equal in
length, and each of these joints arched; pleurae more or less
stramineous.

X. avenae Fitch. Oat Xystus, or Oat Allotria.

Length 1.5 mm.; mostly black; legs brownish; basal joint
of the antennas no thicker than the others, long, egg-shaped with
its smaller end downward, and tapering into a short pedicel which
is one-third the thickness of the joints and not as long as thick,
the joints near the apex scarcely diminished in thickness and not
at all in length, the apical joint egg-shaped; wings hyaline with
a smoky tinge, their veins brown.

X. tritici Fitch.

Length 1.2 mm.; mostly black; head and legs pale yellowish;
basal joints of the antennae pale yellowish and more slender than
the others, about three times as long as thick, obovate, trans-
versely cut off at tip; second joint oval, twice as long as thick;
third and fourth joints each as long as both the preceding and
but half their thickness, slender; fifth joint thicker, and the fol-
lowing ones gradually increasing in thickness until they become
equal in thickness to the basal joint ; the joints near the apex three
times as long as thick, and cylindrical, the terminal joint oval;
head about twice as broad as long, face and mouth pale yellowish,
vertex yellowish, with a blackish tinge; wings hyaline, slightly
smoky, veins brown ; end of abdomen blunt, with a thick papilla-
like projection from its middle.

368 CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

CYNIPID^
Key to Genera.

1. Females 2

Males: base of scutel with two foveae, or a transverse fur-
row 18

2. Wings rudimentary or wanting 3

Wings fully developed; base of scutel with two foveae or a
transverse groove 4

3. Scutel terminating in an obtuse thorn Philonix p. 380

Scutel obtuse posteriorly; notauli entire; antennae distinctly

14-jointed; face with an obtuse carina extending from front
to between antennal insertions, head broader behind eyes;
ventral thorn only one to one and one-half times as long
as thick; wingless, or with rudimentary wings. .Biorhiza p. 383

4. First abdominal segment deeply longitudinally furrowed,

second and third segments united, without suture; the en-
tire face with sharp radiating furrows, frontal groove dis-
tinct, short or reaching to, or very near to, the lateral
ocelli; marginal cell completely closed; antennse 13-, 14-,

or 15-jointed Synergfus p. ^jj

First abdominal segment smooth; frontal groove entirely
absent 5

5. Face without two distinct parallel carinae 6

Face with two distinct parallel carinas, extending from the

insertion of antennae to clypeus; antennae 12- or 13-jointed,
third joint as long as fourth; base of scutel with two shal-
low foveae; propodeum with two parallel grooves; third ab-
dominal segment larger than second, the two connate, but
with a fine suture between them, these forming the great-
est part of the abdomen; marginal cells closed

Ceroptres p. 375

6. Hypopygium not prolonged to a fine point, usually emargi-

nate beneath, and often with a very short ventral spine;
fore tibiae with an indistinct or small spine; clypeus pres-
ent, at least defined at the sides 7

Hypopygium plowshare-shaped, gradually narrowed to a fine
point, without a prominent ventral spine; mesopleurse on
the lower half with strong, often wrinkled or deeply
punctate, longitudinal groove, except in R. dichlocerus;
margina cell closed; claws of hind tarsi entire. .Rhodites p. 440

7. A suture between mesothorax and scutel, the latter with a

distinct, more or less elevated carinate anterior margin 8
A suture between mesothorax and scutel, anterior margin
of latter not thickened and carinate, in front of trans-
verse groove, or, very, rarely, feebly so; posterior margin
of mesothorax medially arcuately emarginate and laterally
more or less arcuately prolonged or rounded out, each

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 369

pronounced emargination having also an interrupted trans-
verse furrow, arcuately curved; notauli wanting or not dis-
tinctly marked; antennae and tibiae without long hairs....

Neuroterus p. 384

8. Abdomen without silky pubescence, almost entirely or en-

tirely without hairs; apical third of antennae not thinner
than middle third; body not at all yellow, polished; disk
of scutel margined; claws of hind tarsi distinctly or indis-
tinctly bidentate or entire 9

Abdomen, especially from the third to the last segment, en-
tirely or at least on lower two-thirds, covered with a rich
silky pubescence, pretty much the same as head, thorax
and legs; head much widened behind the eyes; mesotho-
racic ridges parallel or nearly so. Agamous form: claws of
posterior tarsi bidentate; antennae with second joint as
long as or longer than thick; notauli complete, scutel some-
what broader than long, its base with two transverse fur-
rows each closed externally by a carina Cynips p. 403

9. Abdomen with second and third segments not united; base

of scutel either with an externally closed transverse groove

or with two foveae 10

Abdomen with second and third segments united, without or
rarely with a trace of separating suture, so that only six
free segments appear, segments two to three forming
almost the entire abdomen; cheeks without furrow, the
front laterally striped; head not wider behind eyes; pro-
thorax not narrowed medially; base of scutel with two
sharply marked foveae; metathorax with two straight par-
allel longitudinal ridges; ventral spine at most scarcely
twice as long as thick; marginal cell closed; antennae 12-
jointed; the third shorter, or at most as long as the
fourth; flagel filiform; prothorax with two more or less
distinct carinulae converging above backwards; meso-
thorax finely alutaceous, punctate and hairy, or, as in
P. sylvestris, very finely and feebly alutaceous; claws of

posterior tarsi bidentate Periclistus p. 27i

10. Genera not as in Amphibolips; scutel without a distinct longi-
tudinal groove, except in the species of Aulax, in which

the claws are entire 1 1

Scutel with a very distinct excavated longitudinal wrinkled
furrow; cheeks at least half as long as eyes, apical third
of 13- or 14-jointed antennae not thicker than the middle;
head and thorax, especially mesothorax and scutel, very
deeply wrinkled and hairy, mesothorax with two distinct
or indistinct, not polished, parapsidal grooves; base of
scutel with moderately deep subquadrate foveae, the disk
somewhat broader than long, obtusely rounded posteriorly,

24

370 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

and in the middle with an entire longitudinal groove;
marginal cell open at wing margin, very brown or pale

brown at base; claws of posterior tarsi bidentate

Amphibolips p. 404

11. Cheeks, at most, half as long as eyes; antennae with apical

third thicker than joints five to six; marginal cell elongate

and open at wing margin 14

Cheeks more than half as long as eyes and without a furrow;
flagcl filiform, apical third not thicker than joints five to
six; head not, or scarcely, wider behind eyes; prothorax
not narrowed medially, or at least not strongly con-
stricted; parapsidal grooves entire 12

12. Base of scutel with two sharply impressed foveae; ventral

spine, at most, a little longer than thick 13

Base of scutel without foveae, but with a transverse furrow

Solenozopheria p. 434

13. Claws of posterior tarsi entire; mesothorax often more or

less polished; base of scutel with two very sharply sepa-
rated foveae, which are more or less triangular or quad-
rangular, and often very large; large triangular lateral
foveae not extending upwards and inwards, but lying on the
free side of the scutel; antennae 13- to 14-jointed, third
joint shorter, or a little longer than the fourth.. .Aulax p. 374
Claws of posterior tarsi bidentate; mesothorax polished or
nearly so Diastrophus p. 435

14. Genera not as in Andricus; metathoracic ridges, except in

Loxaulus, not straight and parallel; base of scutel with a
transverse furrow, or with two sharply limited foveae,
in the latter case the metathoracic ridges in the middle
elevation of the metathorax strongly arcuate or angularly

separated 15

Base of scutel with two sharply separated foveae; metatho-
rax with straight parallel ridges, or inferiorly somewhat di-
vergent, rarely distinctly but not sharply serrulate, parap-
sidal grooves sharp and entire, often indistinctly defined
anteriorly; mesothorax rarely transversely wrinkled; an-
tennae and tibiae not fimbriate; third joint of antennae
longer than fourth or equal as in A. tubic ola. .AndricviS p. 409

15. Claws of posterior tarsi entire; antennae and tibiae not fimbri-

ate; mesothorax' glabrous 16

Claws of posterior tarsi bidentate, mesothorax often abun-
dantly hairy, scutel usually with an uninterrupted trans-
verse groove 17

16. Parapsidal grooves of the polished or moderately deeply

wrinkled mesothorax very sharply defined; antennas with
fourteen to fifteen joints, third as long as, or longer than

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 37I

fourth; base of scutel with two distinctly separated foveae;
moderately thick antennae 14-jointed; mesothorax polished;

body yellow or reddish yellow Biorhiza p. 383

Parapsidal grooves of the alutaceous mesothorax shallow,
feebly or not at all impressed anteriorly; antennae 13- to
14-jointed, third and fourth joints equal; middle arc of
metathorax with a more or less distinct median longitud-
inal carina; cheeks with a sharp furrow; antennae with thir-
teen joints, head distinctly broader behind eyes; base of
scutel with an arcuate transverse groove, metathoracic
ridges almost straight and parallel Loxaulus p. 395

17. Parapsidal grooves on anterior third of mesonotum wanting;

second abdominal segment with perpendicularly declivous
posterior margin; entire body, with exception of the larger
part of abdomen, abundantly hairy; antennae and tibiae not

fimbriate Holcaspis p. 401

Parapsidal grooves entire; second abdominal segment above
posteriorly prolonged, tongue-shaped or, when seen lat-
erally, triangular; agamous form abundantly hairy; anten-
nae and tibiae fimbriate; sexual form in great part bare;

mesothorax polished, or nearly so, and very shining

Dryophanta p. 396

18. First annular abdominal segment longitudinally sulcate; en-

tire face with radiating grooves; frontal carina present,
often very distinct and long, sometimes short and indis-
tinct; marginal cell closed; antennae with fifteen joints,

frontal carina usually reaching to lateral ocelli

Synergus p. 377
First abdominal segment annular or cylindrical, not grooved;
frontal carina wanting ^ 19

19. Face without carinas as in Ceroptres 20

Face with two parallel carinas extending from insertion of an-
tennae to clypeus, antennae 15-jointed, third joint as long

as fourth, emarginate; base of scutel with two faint fur-
rows, metathorax with two parallel ridges; marginal cell
closed Ceroptres p. 375

20. Mesopleurae without a groove as in Rhodites 21

Mesqpleurae with their lower half provided with a strong

longitudinal groove, often wrinkled or coarsely punctate,
except perhaps in R. dichlocerus ; cheeks longer than half
of eyes, third joint of antennae the longest; marginal cell
closed; claws of posterior tarsi entire Rhodites p. 440

21. Second abdominal segment overhanging all the others;

face with radiating striae; mesothorax transversely wrinkled
anteriorly; clypeus, at least laterally, well developed; a
more or less distinct ridge on middle of anterior margin
of scutel; cheeks with a sharp furrow, antennas 14- or

372 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

iS-jointed; flagel rather slender; all joints at least three
times as long as thick; mesothorax polished, with sharply-
defined, entire parapsidal grooves; two fovese at base of
scutel separated by a carina; propodeum with two superior
parallel ridges, which at middle of disc are strongly
divergent, then angularly bent and converging to the

peduncular thoracic articulation 22

Second abdominal segment not overhanging all the others;
face with radiating striae; mesothorax transversely
wrinkled anteriorly, its posterior margin medially arcuately
emarginate, and laterally more or less arcuately prolonged
or rounded out, each pronounced emargination also with
an interrupted transverse furrow, arcuately curved, parap-
sidal grooves wanting or not distinctly marked; abdomen
petiolate; a suture between mesothorax and scutel, ante-
rior margin of latter in front of transverse groove, not

thickened and carinate or very rarely feebly so

Neuroterus p. 384

22. Genera not having the characters of Periclistus, as given

below, nor those of Xestophanes, which are as follows: face,
occiput, mesothorax, and mesopleurae polished, bare and
black; cheeks about half as long as eyes; antennae 14-
jointed, prothorax near middle of anterior margin pro-
vided with two foveae, the space between these foveae
polished and bare, base of scutel with two sharply defined
furrows; metathorax with two parallel longitudinal ridges;

claws of posterior tarsi entire 23

Antennae 14-jointed; mesothorax finely wrinkled, punctate and
hairy or finely alutaceous and shining; base of scutel with
two sharply marked foveae, metathorax with two parallel
ridges, claws of posterior tarsi bidentate; abdomen ses-
sile, its second and third segments connate, with a more
or less distinct suture between; marginal cell closed ....

Periclistus p. 373

23. Cheeks half as long as eyes; base of scutel with two sharply

marked foveae; abdomen sessile 24

Cheeks less than half as long as eyes; marginal cell open.. 26

24. Claws of posterior tarsi distinctly or indistinctly bidentate,

in the latter case the mesothorax sharply transversely
wrinkled and the marginal cell closed; antennae 13-, 14-, or

IS-jointed 25

Claws of posterior tarsi entire; antennae 14- or is-jointed,
third joint shorter, equal to or a little longer than fourth;
base of scutel above with two very large or moderate
foveae, lateral foveae lying in perpendicular side of scutel

Aulax p. 374

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, 373

25. Base of scutel with deep or moderately deep and not trans-

verse foveas; marginal cell open at the wing margin, some-
times closed in D. radicuni; claws of posterior tarsi biden-

tate Diastrophus p. 435

Base of scutel without fovese but with a transverse furrow

Solenozopheria p. 434

26. Metathoracic carinse strongly curved, rarely indistinctly so, in

Loxaulus almost straight, in which case the scutel has a

transverse groove; antennae 15-jointed 27

Metathoracic ridges straight and parallel, or very slightly
curved; antennae 14- to i6-jointed, third joint longer than
fourth; mesothorax with two sharply defined, entire parap-
sidal grooves, base of scutel with two very distinct foveae;

abdomen usually not pedunculate, rarely slightly so

Andricus p. 409

27. Parapsidal grooves sharply excavated and entire, mesothorax

polished, or moderately coarsely wrinkled 28

Parapsidal grooves feebly defined or absent, mesothorax
finely alutaceous, claws of posterior tarsi entire; cheeks
with a sharply defined furrow, head broader behind eyes;
base of scutel with an arcuate transverse furrow, metatho-
racic ridges almost straight and parallel; abdomen not
petiolate Loxaulus p. 395

28. Reddish yellow; third joint of antennae longer than fourth,

externally strongly emarginate, and abruptly thickened
near the notch; mesothorax polished, base of scutel with

two sharply defined foveae; abdomen not petiolate

Biorhiza p. 383
Mesothorax not reddish yellow and at the same time pol-
ished; abdomen distinctly petiolate; claws of posterior
tarsi bidentate; posterior margin on upper side of second
abdominal segment prolonged obliquely into a tongue-like
process; head, thorax, and abdomen, black; mesothorax
polished or nearly so Dryophanta p. 396

Periclistus Foerster.

P. pirata (Osten Sacken). Rhodites globulus Beutenmiiller.
Aulax pirata Osten Sacken. Globular Rose Gall.

Length 2 to 2.5 mm. ; black, with legs and antennae reddish
yellow, base of coxae, however, also black ; wings hyaline ; mandi-
bles sometimes reddish ; antennae somewhat brownish in some
females ; male antennae 14-jointed, the third joint very strongly
excised on the under side; female antennae 12-jointed, third joint
not excised, last joint much longer than preceding but not quite

374 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

equal to the combined length of the antepenultimate and the penul-
timate joints ; third abdominal segment in the male longer than
the second, in the female the second abdominal segment occupy-
ing nearly all of the abdomen.
Galls on Rosa Carolina.

m

Stonington, lo March, 1906 (B. H. W.).

P. sylvestris (Osten Sacken). Aulax sylvestris Osten Sacken.

Length 2.2 to 3 mm. ; pitch-black, antennae reddish ; feet yel-
lowish red ; wings hyaline ; abdomen brownish vei^ging to chestnut
brown or yellowish brown beneath; male antennae 14-jointed;
female antennae 12-jointed; face aciculate, its scratches converg-
ing toward the mouth, front and vertex polished ; prothorax
opaque, dorsum of the mesothorax minutely punctate but shin-
ing, pleurae with a polished quadrangular space, the lowest side
of which is somewhat aciculated, scutel gibbose, deeply rugose
punctate ; second and third segments of the abdomen in the male
equal in length, the second segment of the abdomen in the female
covering nearly all of the rest of the abdomen.

^ Aulax Hartig.

Aylax.
*A. podagrae Bassett.
Length 2.5 mm., the male somewhat shorter; female as fol-
lows : mostly black ; vertex reticulated or punctate, antennae dark
brownish red, 13-jointed, first joint club-shaped, second joint
half as long and the third as long as the first, the succeeding
joints equal to each other in length and slightly shorter than the
third ; mesonotum with a few scattered hairs and with transverse
wrinkles, also with two lines reaching half-way to the scutel,
and with a median line, which latter is broadest at its origin at
the scutel but disappears half-way between the latter and the
pronotum, parapsidal grooves entire, in addition lines at the base
of the wings ; scutel rugose, its f oveae rugulose ; legs concolorous
with the antennae; wings hyaline, their veins dark, radial area
closed ; abdomen polished, its second segment twice as long as
the third, the two almost entirely covering the rest of the
abdomen; male with the antennae 14-jointed, the third joint
curved and incised ; the abdomen smaller in the male than in the
female.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 375

The galls in this species occur as rounded swellings at the leaf
nodes of long hollow stalks of Lactuca ? canadensis.

The type locality of this species is probably Waterbury.

*A. tumida Bassett. Lettuce Tumor Gall.

Length 3-3.5 mm. Female: head and thorax black; antennae
13-jointed, translucent brown at the base to dusky brown beyond,
the third, fourth, fifth and sixth joints equal in length, the
succeeding joints subequal to the apical one, which is long and
shows an indistinct annuljition ; facial ridge present, vertex dis-
tinctly reticulated, the head as a whole distinctly subquadrate ;
thorax sculptured like the vertex, pleurae striate, the parallel lines
on the mesonotum indistinct, median line present, parapsidal
grooves almost parallel until close to the scutel, where they
converge, lines from the scutel toward the base of the wings
distinct ; the appressed microscopic hairs on the thorax giving to
it a silky appearance and somewhat obscuring the sculpture of the
same ; scutel slightly rugose and with somewhat coarser hairs
than the rest of the dorsum of the thorax; fovese of the scutel
not smooth ; legs dark reddish brown, claws simple ; wings with a
faint smoky tinge, their veins yellowish brown ; areolet wanting ;
cubitus reaching two-thirds of the distance to the first transverse
vein, radial area closed ; abdomen shining, semi-translucent
brown, its second segment with a small dense tuft of hairs far
down on the sides of the anterior margin, in some specimens a
few hairs seen over a much larger portion of this segment, the
third segment a little shorter than the second. The male black,
except for the legs and antennae, the latter 14-jointed and dark
brownish red, with the third joint curved and incised, and
yellowish brown.

Galls occur as swellings of the main stalks of a variety of
Lactuca that was found in an old and dry field.

The type locality of this species is probably Waterbury. Also
Stonington, 14 April 1906 (B. H. W.), New Haven, 24 January,
1911 (A. B. C, B. H. W.).

Ceroptres Hartig.

C. petiolicola (Osten Sacken). Amhlynotus? petiolicola
Osten Sacken. A. ensiger Walsh?

Length 2 mm. ; mostly black ; head and thorax somewhat shin-
ing, smooth, slightly pubescent, the latter hardly punctate, scutel

376 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [Bull.

rugose; a slight carina between the antennae, mandibles brown,
palpi yellow, antennae 12- or 13-jointed, mostly yellow, but with
their bases blackish, four or five joints of the flagel nearest its
base elongated ; legs infuscated, except at the joints, tarsi pale,
their tips black ; wings hyaline, radial area closed, second trans-
verse vein oblique and arcuated, areolet corresponding in posi-
tion to the middle of the radial area ; abdomen dark brown, shin-
ing, its petiole short, second segment pubescent at base, third
segment more than twice as long as the second segment.

Bred from the gall of Andricus petiolicola Bassett. In addi-
tion to the above description it may be added that the male has
the middle and hind femora and the corresponding tibiae dusky,
and a black line on the upper side of the fore femora ; the female
has apparently 13-jointed antennae and infuscated femora.

C. pisum Osten Sacken. Oak Pea Gall.

Length about 3.5 mm. (female) ; head black, pubescent, man-
dibles and the mouth brownish red, face aciculate, with an oblong
swelling under the antennae, vertex microscopically punctate,
antennae 13-jointed, brownish yellow, almost filiform, nearly as
long as the body, with the fourth joint slightly longer than the
third, the following joints subequal except the last one which is
twice the length of the joint next preceding, the apical joint
sometimes divided into two parts by a distinct suture ; thorax con-
colorous with the head, densely pubescent, but very delicately
rugose, its parapsidal grooves distinct, the two very indistinct
impressed lines between the parapsidal grooves extending some
distance from the pronotum backward, scutel with a rough
irregular sculpture, pleurae with a polished space; legs yellow,
except the extreme bases of the coxae, especially of the hind ones,
which are black, and the tip of the tarsi, which is infuscated;
wing veins pale yellow, posterior portion of the areolet somewhat
indistinct; abdomen dark brown or black, paler brown along its
interior edge, its second joint divided into two unequal parts by
a very distinct suture, the anterior part above a little less than
half the length of the second, at the base of this second segment
the abdomen distinctly downy, ventral valve pale brown, sheaths
of the ovipositor not at all projecting above the dorsal line.

Bred from Cynips pisum Fitch.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 377

C. ficus Fitch. Cynips quercus-Hcus Fitch. Synophrus
Iccviventris Walsh.

Length 2.5 mm. ; mostly black, but with the lower half of its
head, its antennas and legs, pale dull yellow^ its hind femora
dusky, and its abdomen reddish brown beneath ; antennae in the
female 13-jointed, in the male 15-jointed.

Bred from galls surrounding the twigs of white oak. These
galls occur in dense clusters and are packed together so closely
as to be faceted where they adjoin each other; furthermore, the
individual galls are hollow, bladder-like, and of the pale, dull
yellow color of a faded oak leaf.

Waterbury.

C. tuber (Fitch). Cynips tuber Fitch. C. quercus-arbos Fitch.

Length 2 mm. ; mostly black, but with antennae, mouth and
legs, dull, pale yellow, hind femora and the antennae towards
the tips dusky; male antennae 14- or 15-jointed, female antennae
i2-jointed. The male with 14-jointed antennae and the female
with i2-jointed antennae as described by Fitch are questioned by
Bassett as to their belonging to this genus.

Synergus Hartig.

S. campanula Osten Sacken.

Length 2-2.5 n^^- (female) ; head black, except the face
which is brownish below the antennae and brownish yellow above
the mouth, the brownish or yellowish coloring sometimes extend-
ing along the eyes to a point above the insertion of the antennae ;
vertex black, smooth and shining; antennae brownish yellow, a
little shorter than the body, 14-jointed, the fourth joint^ little
shorter than the third, the following joints subequal in length
except the fourteenth or apical joint which is about one and a
half times as long as the joint next preceding; thorax black and
but little shining, with dense, delicate, transverse rugae evenly
spread over its upper surface, which in addition has a fine scat-
tered pubescence, its parapsidal grooves not very deep, but dis-
tinct, a vestige of an intermediate furrow visible toward the
scutel, two minute parallel glabrous lines running a short distance
from the middle of the pronotum backwards ; scutel gibbose,
densely rugose, its basal f ovese rather small ; pleurae with a smooth
black polished space, the lower part of which is finely aciculate ;

378 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY, [BuU.

scapulae yellow ; legs brownish yellow ; tips of the tarsi brown ;
wing veins pale, areolet almost obsolete, the prolongation of the
second transverse vein only being distinct; first segment of the
abdomen longitudinally striate, the second segment concealing all
of the following, the tip of the sheath of the ovipositor sometimes,
although not always, protruding behind the hind edge of the
second segment; the abdomen polished and black, sometimes
brownish along the hind edge,

S. dimorphus Osten Sacken.

Female : length 3-3.3 mm. ; head black, except the face,
which is brownish red mixed with black below the antennae ; man-
dibles, except their tips, which are black, and more or less space
near their bases on the cheeks, yellowish ; the brownish coloring
of the face extending along the eyes above the insertion of the
antennae as a narrow stripe; vertex black, rather shining, with
sparse, umbilicate punctures ; antennae brownish yellow, 13-
jointed, about three-fourths as long as the body, the fourth joint
a little longer than half the third, the fourth, fifth and sixth joints
nearly equal in length, the succeeding joints somewhat shorter,
except the last joint, which is about equal to the two next preced-
ing combined ; thorax black, moderately shining, with transverse
rugosities ; pubescence short and very sparse, parapsidal grooves
distinct, punctate at the bottom, scutel coarsely sculptured, its
basal foveae indistinct, the smooth space of the pleurae almost
entirely aciculate, scapulae brownish yellow ; legs brownish yellow,
hind tibiae and a part of the first joint of the hind tarsi infuscated,
tips of all the tarsi brownish ; veins of the wings brownish ; first
segm^t of the abdomen longitudinally striate, the second seg-
ment concealing all of the following; ventral valve ending in a
short pubescent point and usually projecting beyond the edge of
the second segment ; abdomen polished and black, its ventral valve
yellowish brown. Male: length 2.5 mm.; antennae 15-jointed,
the third joint excised below, fourth joint half as long as the
third ; head yellow, except a black spot on the vertex, which in-
cludes the ocelli ; a part of the pronotum and of the pleurae also
yellow, the yellow seemingly variable in extent in different indi-
viduals ; abdomen truncate at the tip, bell-shaped when seen from
the side ; the sculpture of the head and thorax and the coloring
of the legs the same as in the female.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 3/9

S. laeviventris (Osten Sacken). Synophrus? Icrviventris
Osten Sacken.

Female : length approximately 2 mm. ; head reddish brown ;
vertex darker; antennae brownish yellow, second joint not much
shorter than the fourth, the third about one-third longer than
the fourth, the fourth, fifth and sixth joints about equal in length,
the fourteenth or apical joint somewhat less than one and one-
half the length of the preceding ; thorax black, shining and finely
rugose, punctate and pubescent; scutel gibbose, with a slight,
sharp, recurved, elevated margin ; thorax and scutel may be
brownish or reddish brown; parapsidal grooves distinct their
whole length ; f oveae at base of scutel distinct ; pleurae black or
brownish, polished under the wing, scratched below, punctate
anteriorly ; legs brownish yellow, except extreme tips of tarsi,
which are more or less brownish ; the hind tibiae and tarsi may
be somewhat infuscated ; wings hyaline, veins pale, areolet almost
wanting, with only the second transverse vein or its outer portion
at all distinct ; abdomen with its first dorsal segment striate, its
second dorsal segment covering all of the following segments and
chestnut-brown or black, ovipositor sometimes exserted.

S. oneratus (Harris). Cynips oneratus Harris.

Length 3-3.5 mm. ; color variable, middle of the thorax and
of the head with a black stripe of greater or less extent, though
in some specimens there is no black at all on the head, and the
stripe on the thorax may be obsolete; third and fourth joints of
the antennae nearly equal in length and much longer than broad,
fourth joint a little shorter than the third, the following joints
subequal, except the thirteenth joint, which is about twice as long
as wide, and the fourteenth or apical joint, which is about one and
one-half times the length of the preceding.

S. lignicola Osten Sacken. 5". rhoditiformis Walsh.

In this species the pronotum has a brown or black spot in
the middle, which is more or less extended, being sometimes
confined to a narrow brown line in front of the angle formed by
the mesonotum anteriorly, and sometimes extended into a large
black spot which crosses in some individuals to its fellow ; the
sternum is black, and the middle coxae not inserted on yellow
sockets ; the ventral valve is not always of a highly polished black,
but sometimes pale.

380 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Bred from Quercus tinctoria and Q. pdustris. It is thought
probable that the individuals are separable into two races respec-
tively referable to the trees upon M^hich they make their galls.

S. mendax Walsh.

Sculpture of the mesonotum rough, consisting apparently of
transverse projecting ridges, with intervening smooth and moder-
ately shining spaces, the polished spot on the pleurae almost
smooth; ventral valve with a distinct projecting point beyond its
tip.

Bred from the gall of Andricus podagra;,

S. lana Fitch. Oak Wool Gall-fly.

Female : length 2 mm. ; mostly black, with a white or straw-
colored head ; antennae and legs concolorous with the head ; abdo-
men shining smoky yellow, and with a black or blackish cloud
occupying the back and sides; antennae 15-jointed.

The gall is a round mass of a woolly nature, of the size of a
hazelnut or a walnut, and of a white or buff color, and grows upon
one of the principal veins on the under side of white oak leaves.

" Specimens of this gall in the Station collection were taken

in the state, but are without exact records."

/

Philonix Fitch.

Acraspis.
P. gillettei Bassett.

Female: length 3 mm. or a trifle longer; head and thorax,
including their appendages, except the wings, mostly reddish
brown; antennae 14-jointed, the second joint three-fourths the
length of the first, the third one and one-half the length of the
first and second combined, the fourth equal to the first and second
together, and half as long as the third, the sixth to thirteenth
equal, the fourteenth pointed and only half as long as the preced-
ing joint; vertex of the head hairy, though sometimes bare;
mesonotum either with or without hairs above, pronotum obscure
and with dense fine white hairs, the anterior border of the meso-
notum apparently depressed, parapsidal grooves present but in-
distinct, median lines absent, scutel small, hairy, its hairs longer
than those on the mesonotum, foveae wanting; legs dusky and
more decidedly reddish brown than the other parts of the body ;
abdomen shining black, the second segment with fine microscopic

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 381

hairs on its sides anteriorly, the segments distinct and gradually
shorter beyond the second anal segment, with a tuft of long hairs ;
wings rudimentary and not much more than i mm, long.

The galls of this species are about 7 mm. in diameter, orbicu-
lar, and slightly uneven or pimply, each pimple crested with a
tuft of hair-like filaments, pale ash-gray in color but brown or
black when weathered ; the larval cell is central and is kept in
place by a spongy mass that is loosely fibrous on the inner surface
of the gall ; the cell itself is oval and measures nearly 4 by 4.5
mm. ; the shell is very thin and hard ; the galls are found as a
rule upon the leaves of the white oak (Quercus alba), on the
tops of tall old trees. They are said to be rarely abundant but to
occur occasionally in great numbers on an isolated tree or in a
small grove of oaks.

This species may be confused with P. niger Gillette, from
which it may, however, be determined by comparison with the
above description.

°P. fulvicollis Fitch.

Length : 3 to 4 mm. ; mostly black, with the thorax tawny
yellow, spotted anteriorly with black, the scutel brighter yellow,
and the legs dusky or blackish, with the knees and hips of a paler
dull yellowish color ; antennae practically entirely black.

This species appears on the first snows that fall in the latter
part of November and the beginning of December.

°P. nigricollis Fitch.

Length 3 mm. ; mostly black, with the basal third of the an-
tennae and the legs obscure brownish yellow, scutel dull yellow,
the inner sides of the femora slightly dusky.

°P. (Zopheroteras) vaccinii Ash mead.

Length 2 mm. (female); head and thorax dull brown;
abdomen black, shining, or mostly black and distinctly brownish
at base ; antennae 14- jointed, beyond the eighth joint infuscated ;
parapsidal grooves very indistinct, scutel terminating above in an
elevated horn-like process ; all tibiae dark brown along the outer
edges ; wings entirely wanting, not even wing scales being present.
Bred from clusters of small, somewhat bell-shaped, petiolate,
greenish galls on the under sides of leaves, along the midrib.
The shape of these galls is suggestive of the flower* of Vaccinhim,

382 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

and they are attenuated at the base into a short petiole which is
fastened to the midrib of the leaf ; the opposite end is an excav-
ated truncature; the length of the galls from the end of the
petiole to the opposite end is 3-4 mm. They grow in num-
bers, so that at times there are ten or more together, with six,
for instance, forming a row on one side of the midrib, and four
or five on the opposite side.

°P. macrocarpae Bassett.

Length 3 mm.; head black, antennae black, 14-jointed, nearly
as long as the body, the first joint ovate, the second oval, the third
twice as long as the two preceding taken together, the fourth, fifth,
sixth and seventh subequal, as are the remaining ones ; face and
cheeks hairy ; thorax appearing grayish owing to its being covered
with short appressed hairs, parapsidal grooves present but obscured
by these hairs; scutel comparatively large and elevated posteri-
orly, nearly as long as the mesonotum ; wings veinless, the narrow
scales as long as the entire thorax ; legs dark brown, claws with
two teeth ; abdomen black, compressed from side to side, sides
of the second, third, fourth and fifth segments covered with short
appressed hairs, dorsal and ventral parts and the segments of the
apical portion of the abdomen smooth and shining.

The galls of this species are oval in form and nearly 4 mm.
long by 3 mm. thick. They are generally found on the lateral
veins on the under side of leaves of Quercus macrocarpa, but
occasionally they are found on the upper side. They are attached
lengthwise to the vein and the point of attachment is about 2.5
mm. long. The opening made by the gall-fly when it emerges is
invariably on the end towards the base of a vein. The same is
often true concerning parasites of this species.

°P. prinoides (Beutenmiiller). Cynips ? prinoides Beuten-
miiller. Spiny Oak Gall.

Length 3.5 mm. ; head pitchy black, opaque, rugosely punc-
tate; eyes surrounded with a rather broad reddish brown ring,
antennae black, 13-jointed, with the first, second, third and fourth
joints elongate and about equal in length, the remaining joints
subequal in size ; thorax dull reddish brown, darker in color at
the sides and deeply but finely punctate; legs shining, reddish
brown and with a few short yellowish hairs which are also
present on the head and thorax; abdomen jet black and polished;

No. 22,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 383

ovipositor with a few light colored hairs; on the under side of
the abdomen, a little beyond the middle and near to each other,
are two bunches of rather long yellowish hairs, and a few very
short hairs of the same color are also present on the under side
of the abdomen at its base.

The gall of this species is globular and about 12 mm. in diam-
eter; it is covered with numerous conical projections. When
fresh it is light green tinged with red. The single cell is in its
interior. These galls have been found on the upper side of the
leaves of the dwarf chestnut oak (Quercus prinoides) in the
latter part of August and early in September.

Biorhiza Westwood.
''B. (Xystoteras) nigra Fitch.

Length 2 mm. ; black throughout, including legs and antennae ;
entirely wingless.

*B. hirta Bassett.

Length 3.5 mm. ; head black, vertex slightly rugose, densely
hairy, the same as the entire dorsal surface of the thorax; face
pubescent, with its hairs converging toward the mouth ; palpi
shining brown, their tips black ; antennae black, 14-jointed ; thorax
black, mesothorax not visibly striate, owing to the presence of the
pubescence ; legs dull brownish black or very dark reddish brown,
posterior pair lightest and all somewhat paler at the articulations
than elsewhere; wings represented by mere yellowish white
scales; abdomen black and shining, with a short, closely bunched
pubescence on each side of the second segment, the second seg-
ment as well as the remaining segments, except the first, bounded
across the back and sides along the posterior edge by a belt of
long silvery white hairs. These belts are divided on the dorsal
ridge by a shining glabrous line like the anterior portion ©f the
segment ; furthermore, they are visible to the naked eye.

The galls of this species are hard and round and approxi-
mately 6 mm. in diameter, their surface is finely papillose, and
their substance has a solid radiated cellular, structure ; they are
to be found growing sometimes on the upper but as often on the
under side of the leaves of Quercus ilicifolia, and are attached to
the larger veins by a very short pedicel.

384 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

B. (Xanthoteras) forticornis Walsh. Oak Fig Gall.

Female: length 2-2.5 ^^-l mostly rufo-sanguineous ; head
nearly twice as wide as long and twice as wide as the thorax,
scarcely polished but glabrous ; antennae brownish black, opaque,
nearly as long as the body, with all the joints except the first,
third, fourth and fourteenth as broad as long; 14-jointed, the
apical joint half as long again as the penultimate, and the first and
third tapering to a mere film at the base ; thorax narrow, glabrous,
a little polished, with only two rather coarse mesonotal striae
converging but slightly at the scutel, which latter is opaque, longi^
tudinally semioval, and has a suture before it which is deeply
impressed, but without any foveae ; legs dull rufous or reddish
brown, the hind femora and tibiae and the tips of all the tarsi
generally brownish ; wings reduced to an elongate triangular gray
scale and extending only one-third of the way along the second
abdominal segment; abdomen black, highly polished, the second
segment occupying about one-half of its dorsal or one-third of its
lateral length, the first joint very small, viewed laterally appar-
ently a little longer than wide, the dorsal edge of the second joint
describing a circular arc of about 25° ; the ventral valve very
hairy, yellowish subhyaline, its tip at an angle of about 80°, the
dorsal valve large and hairy ; sheaths of the ovipositor generally
exserted and directed upwards and backwards, tip of the oviposi-
tor exserted.

Manchester, 24 September, 1906, New Haven, 26 January,
191 1 (B. H. W.) ; Mystic, 3 March, 1915 (I. W. Davis).

Neuroterus Hartig.
*N. batatus Bassett. Oak Potato Gall.

Female : length 2 mm. ; mostly black and shining ; vertex
smooth ; face covered with a fine thin pubescence ; palpi clear and
brown; antennae 13-jointed, first, second and third joints pale
yellow, the following joints pale, semitranslucent brown; thorax
black and shining but under a strong magnification showing a net-
work of fine lines ; parapsidal grooves and striae obsolete ; scutel
smooth and polished, a few scattered hairs on its posterior por-
tion, basal pits wanting; scutel separated from the mesothorax
by a deep shining groove ; legs with their coxae clear yellowish
brown, their femora in the middle dark brown or black, as are
also the tibiae of the posterior pair, remaining portions except the

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 385

tips of the tarsi, which are black, of the same color as the coxae ;
wings hyaline, all the veins dark brown and of nearly equal size,
the cubitus distinct throughout, radial area open; abdomen
polished. Male: a little shorter than the female, with 4-jointed
antennae; its legs dull pale yellow; abdomen petiolate, owing to
the elongation of the first segment.
Found on twigs of Quercus alba.
New Haven, 24 January, 191 1 (A. B. C, B. H. W.).
*N. majalis Bassett.
Female : length 2 mm. ; head black, very finely reticulated ;
face smooth and with sparse white hairs ; mouth brown, tips of
the mandibles black; antennae 13-jointed, first and second joints
short, third joint very long and enlarged at the upper end, these
joints, except the slightly enlarged portions of the third, pale
yellowish white, the remaining joints of a light opaque brown;
thorax black, smooth and shining, without any grooves or striae
whatsoever on the mesonotum ; scutel smooth, and separated
from mesonotum by a broad shallow groove, fovse wanting,
marked posteriorly by two deep transverse grooves, causing three
transverse ridges above the insertion of the abdominal petiole;
legs white, with a tinge of yellow like the basal joints of the
antennae; wings large, with a faint duskiness and a dusky cloud
on the first transverse vein, veins dull brown, areolet present,
radial area open, long and very narrow ; abdomen smooth and
black. Male : 2.5 mm. long ; head blaek ; antennae 15- jointed, first,
second and third joints paler than the corresponding ones in the
female, the remaining joints of a semitranslucent brown color,
the third joint very long, the succeeding ones short and of equal
length, the third joint curved rather than incised ; thorax with the
legs very light yellov/ish brown, the central part of the mesonotum
dark brown ; abdomen with its terminal segments dark brown or
nearly black, the first and part of the second segments very light
yellowish brown.

The gall of this species occurs on Quercus alba.
Type locality : Waterbury.

°N. verrucarum Osten Sacken.

Length a little more than i mm. ; mostly black and shining ;
mouth reddish ; antennae 13-jointed, somewhat thickened toward
the tip, brownish or brownish black, pale toward the base, espe-
25

386 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

cially at the tip of the first, second and third joints ; thorax smooth
and shining, impunctate, without the usual grooves ; legs yellow ;
bases of coxae, middle of femora and tibiae brown ; wings hyaline,
with the thick veins brown, second transverse vein slender, almost
obsolete at the base.

On leaves of Qiiercus macrocarpa.

*N. pallidus Bassett.

Female: length 1,5 mm.; head, except the dark eyes, almost
colorless, or at most of a yellowish brown or dark brown to a
shining black on the vertex; antennae 13- jointed, the first, second
and third joints semitransparent, the first and second not differ-
ing much in form and size ; joints beyond the third changing
gradually to a dusky brown ; mesothorax smooth and shining
throughout ; scutel also smooth and shining, foveas wanting ; legs
almost colorless, except a slight brownish tinge on the femora ;
claws black and simple ; wings hairy, veins dark and distinct,
areolet of medium size, cubitus reaching quite to the first trans-
verse vein, radial area long, narrow and open ; abdomen black,
the diameter of the same from the dorsal to the ventral side con-
siderably greater than the length. Male: mostly of the same pallid
hue seen in the antennae and legs of the female; antennae 15-
jointed, otherwise as in the female; abdomen with a petiole and
with the posterior dorsal portion darker than any other part of
the body.

The galls of this species occur near the end of the aments
of Quercus bicolor.

Type locality: Waterbury.

°N. favosus Bassett.

Female : length 2 mm. ; head pale brown, shading to black on
the posterior margin of the vertex ; antennae pale yellowish brown,
but dusky toward the tip, first and second joints globose, the
third very slender, the rest subequal and gradually thicker to the
last ; thorax black, less shining and more coarsely sculptured than
in the male, the parapsidal grooves less distinct and the scutel
less smooth than in the male ; legs dark brown, with paler joints ;
wings hyaline with a steel reflection, veins more distinct, areolet
generally present; abdomen shining black, its second segment
longer than the remaining ones but not concealing them ; the ovi-
positor often exserted to such an extent as to be from four to

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 387

five times the length of the body. Male: length 1.25 mm.; head
broader than the thorax, black and shining ; cheeks with indistinct
furrows, antennae 15-jointed, the first joint dark brown, the
second lighter, and the remaining ones light yellowish brown, the
first and second oblong oval and nearly equal in length, the third
slightly longer than both the preceding, club-shaped and curved,
but only slightly incised, the remaining joints of uniform length
and only a little shorter than the third ; thorax black and shining,
finely and evenly sculptured, parapsidal grooves distinct posteri-
orly, scutel with a furrow of moderate depth and subobsolete
f oveae, its surface the same as the mesonotum ; legs light brown,
somewhat darker in the middle of the femora and tibiae, claws
simple; wings of moderate size, hyaline, but with a steel-blue
cast when seen in certain lights, veins brown fading to colorless
lines, areolet wanting; abdomen black and shining, the second
segment almost concealing tl^e remaining ones in the dead speci-
mens that have become dry, but in the living insect the terminal
ones visible and forming a cone-like termination to the abdomen.
The galls of this species occur on the under sides of the leaves
of Quercus bicolor and Q. tinctoria.
*N. consimilis Bassett. -
Female: length 2 mm.; body mostly black; basal joints of
antennae darker than those of the male ; parapsidal grooves want-
inng, foveas of the scutel absent but the transverse grooves rather
broad and smooth ; posterior legs darker than those of the male ;
wings as in the male; abdomen black, the terminal segments
retracted within the first, which is vertically very deep.
Male: length 1.5 mm.; head shining black, broader than the
thorax, antennae 15-jointed, longer than the body, with the first
and second joints short, the second globose, the following ones
nearly equal in length, dull dusky brown ; thorax mostly dull
black, microscopically punctate ; parapsidal grooves reduced to
two brief diverging lines, beginning on the scutel ; grooves separ-
ating the mesonotum from the scutel broad and shining in the
middle ; no distinct foveae present ; posterior legs dark and nearly
black except at the joints, middle and anterior legs of a uniform
dull yellowish brown ; wings hyaline, veins very dark and well
defined, radial area open ; abdomen black.

388 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Occurs at Waterbury, in midsummer. This locality is the
type locality of the species.

N. distortus Bassett.

Female: length 1.5 mm.; mostly black; antennae 13-jointed
and similar to those in the male except the third joint, which is
shorter, and the color as a whole, which is of a darker shade;
abdomen not petiolate. Male : as long as the female ; mostly
shining black and smooth ; antennae 14- jointed, first and second
joints combined as long as the third, fourth two-thirds as long
as the third, fifth to the twelfth equal in length, all of the joints
dusky brown ; thorax rounded, scutel rounded and separated from
the mesonotum by a shining groove ; legs clear pale brown, middle
of the femora darker but almost transparent and paler at the
joints ; wings subhyaline, veins pale clear brown, all distinct and
complete and equally developed ; abdomen with a slender petiole,
the following segments, seen from the side, forming a rounded
dis'k, the length and breadth of which are about equal.

The type locality of this species is probably in Connecticut.
The galls are to be found on the branches of Quercus bicolor,
where the original ones were found 25 May, 1893.

N. dubius Bassett.

Female: length 1.5 mm.; mostly black; head with its vertex
microscopically sculptured, antennae 14- jointed, first and second
joints equal in size, rather large, the third joint one and one-
fourth times as long as the first two combined, the fourth about
two-thirds as long as the third, the fourteenth with an indistinct
suture, the first, second, third and fourth joints pale yellowish
red, the rest dusky reddish brown ; thorax rounded, hardly smooth
but still shining, with two diverging grooves above extending
from the scutel to the bases of the wings, scutel finely and evenly
rugose, without foveae, but with a broad groove separating it from
the rest of the thorax, the broadest portion of which is in the
cemtre : legs pale yellowish ; wings subfuscous, the veins distinct,
radial area open ; abdomen smooth and shining and vertically
deeper than long. Male: as long as the female; antennae 15-
jointed, the first and second joints rather shorter than in the
female, the first dark and shining at its base, the third pale yel-
lowish brown and semitranslucent, the remaining joints very

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 389

dark opaque brown ; head dull shining black ; thorax also dull
shining black ; legs pale but less so than in the female and inclin-
ing to yellow ; wings as in the female ; abdomen pedicelled, con-
colorous with the thorax and dull and shining.

The type locality of this species is probably Connecticut. It
was found among the galls of Andricus prionosus.

*N. exiguissimus Bassett.
Length 1.25 mm.; head black, antennas 13-jointed, first and
second joints black, the third to the thirteenth dusky brown, and
of equal length, the second joint larger than the first and ovoid ;
thorax smooth, scutel shining, with a curved groove, but without
foveae at its base, smoother and more polished than the meso-
notum ; legs dark brown with pale joints, tarsi dusky, elaws
black ; wings hyaline, veins pale, cubitus inconspicuous, the veins
bounding the areolet laterally hardly perceptible, radial area
open ; abdomen compressed, smooth and black.
Type locality : Waterbury, on Quercus alba.

*N. exiguus Bassett.

Female: length 1.5 mm.; antennae 13-jointed, first joint ovate,
second much smaller than the first, third equal to the first two
combined, which are of uniform length, color clear semitrans-
parent brown; thorax polished, very black, its surface wrinkled,
scutel rounded, shining black, as is also the transverse groove at
its base, this groove large and incurved ; legs dark clear browa
but paler at the joints ; wings smoky and pubescent, veins dis-
tinct, cubitus reaching quite to the first transverse vein, radial
area open by virtue of a curvature in the second transverse vein
at the base of the areolet, the outer angle acute and the inner a
right angle ; abdomen black but less brilliant than the thorax, and
triangular owing to the retraction of all segments within the
first. Male : as long as the female ; mostly black ; antennae clear
brown, 15-jointed; legs concolorous with the antennae though a
little paler at the joints ; abdomen petiolate, shining brown.

Type locality : West Rock, New Haven. Found among galls
of Andricus exiguus.

*N. tectus Bassett.
Female: length 1.25 mm.; head black; antennae i3-jointed,
third joint equal to the first and second combined, fourth two-

390

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

thirds as long as the third, the following joints except the thir-
teenth subequal in length ; thorax black and smooth, parapsidal
grooves wanting, scutel rounded, polished, and separated from the
mesothorax by a broad arcuate groove ; legs pale translucent brown
at the joints, changing to an almost polished black in the middle
of the femora and tibiae; wings hyaline, veins dark and distinct,
radial area open ; abdomen black and forming in outline an equi-
lateral triangle. Male: head shining black; antennae 14-jointed,
the third joint one-third longer than the first and second com-
bined, the fourth equal to the first and second together, fifth to
thirteenth joints equal in length, the antennae as a whole of a
clearer, more shining brown than in the female ; thorax and abdo-
men concolorous with the head.

Type locality: Waterbury, 29 April, 1874. Found ovipositing
in the buds of a low spreading bush of Quercus prinoides.

N. umbilicatus Bassett. Oak Button Gall.

Length 1,5 mm. ; antennae with the second joint as thick as the
first but a little shorter and less tapering toward the base, the third
as long as the first and second combined, the fourth to thirteenth
subequal, the last three forming a thickened club with obscure
articulations ; thorax polished, hairless or seemingly so, and with-
out grooves, scutellar f oveae wanting ; legs rather translucent dark
and shining brown, in some individuals nearly black, always
lighter at the joints; wings hairy, veins pale, areolet distinct,
radial area open, cubitus equal throughout and reaching to the
first transverse vein, the first transverse vein dark brown, the
other veins pale or colorless ; abdomen as long as high and sub-
triangular in outline.

The type locality of this species is probably Connecticut. The
galls from which it was reared are flattened circular, and were
found on the under surface of the leaves of Quercus bicolor.

New Haven, 30 September, 1896 (W. E. B.).

°N. floccosus Bassett. Oak Flake Gall.
Length i mm. or a little longer; mostly shining black and
smooth ; antennae 13- jointed, the third joint a little longer than the
first and second combined, the succeeding ones slightly increasing
in thickness toward the last, antennae as a whole of a pale dusky
yellowish brown ; thorax without grooves, scutellar f oveae want-
ing; legs dark brown, except the joints and the tarsi, which are

No. 22,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 39I

almost colorless ; radial area open, the vein bounding the areolet
on the posterior side exceedingly faint; abdomen smooth and
shining, subpetiolate, the terminal segments in museum specimens
almost entirely concealed under the second segment.

The galls of this species occur on the under sides of the
leaves of Quercus bicolor, especially the late terminal leaves of
the hardy shoots of young oaks of this species. They are often
very numerous, as is shown by the fact that as many as two
hundred have been counted on a single leaf. When as numerous
as this, or nearly so, the galls are apt to be confluent. Usually
they are separate, about 4 mm, in diameter, including the woolly
covering, without which latter they are only 1-1.5 mm. across.
Each gall contains a single larva which is free and not enclosed
in a cell. In addition to the above description it may be said
that the galls are hemispherical and attached with the flat side
to the leaf, showing on the upper surface only as smooth, flat,
shining blisters.
*N. noxiosus Bassett. Noxious Oak Gall,

Summer female* : length 2 mm, ; head black, finely and uni-
formly punctate; antennae 13- jointed, the first joint nearly black,
the second and third joints brownish yellow, the succeeding joints
merging gradually into dark dusky brown ; thorax microscopically
sculptured, without parapsidal grooves, scutel sculptured like the
mesonotum though somewhat coarser and without f oveae ; legs dark
shining brown, with yellowish brown joints, tarsi dark yellowish
brown ; wings hyaline, veins distinct and nearly all black, areolet
sharply defined, radial area open ; abdomen smooth shining black,
the ovipositor distinctly exserted. Male : diflfering from the vernal
femalef as follows: body longer than 1.75 mm,; antennae 14-
jointed, the third joint curved but not incised; legs clear yellow-
ish brown; abdomen small, and with a slender petiole.

The summer galls of this species are large, woody, polythala-
mous, terminal or subterminal swellings on the twigs of Quercus
bicolor, varying greatly in size and form, but usually tuber-like
and three or four times as long as thick, the larger specimens
being nearly i inch in diameter and 4 inches long and containing
a large number of specimens of the insect. The smallest are almost

* Female from summer galls.
+ Female from vernal galls.

392 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

imperceptible swellings and have often but a single gall-fly in
them; these galls give rise to the females which live in the galls
over winter and come out before the leaves appear in the spring.
The galls just described are usually preceded in the spring by a
crop which affects the leaves only, and causes an enormous de-
velopment of the midvein, often to the extent of an inch in diam-
eter and an inch and a half in length. These latter galls are
smooth and green but irregular in shape, succulent and a little
harder than an unripe grape. The blade of the the leaf becomes
dwarfed and curled, and then after the galls mature it becomes
dry. In some seasons these galls are so abundant on certain trees
as to affect nearly all of the early leaves. The galls are filled
with larval cells from which are produced great numbers of both
sexes of the gall-fly about the 20th of June. Thus these latter
galls may be looked upon as the progenitors of the bisexual
generation of this species.

New Haven, 24 January, 191 1 (A. B, C, B. H. W.).
°N. (Dolichcstrophus) irregularis Osten Sacken.

Length 2 mm. ; head brown, mouth yellowish, antennae pale
yellow, third joint twice as long as the fourth, somewhat curved,
attenuated toward the base but stouter toward the tip, the fifth,
sixth and seventh joints almost equal in length ; thorax brownish
above, pale beneath, smooth and shining; legs pale, except the
tips of the tarsi, which are infuscated ; wings somewhat grayish,
radial vein almost parallel with the anterior margin, areolet dis-
tinct, as are the cubital vein and the first transverse vein or basal
vein, the latter dark brown with a brownish cloud, the other
thick veins of a paler brown.

The galls of this species were found on the leaves of the
white oak.

N. perminimus Bassett.

Female: length scarcely i mm.; head black, antennae 13-
jointed, mostly dusky brown ; thorax almost black, without parap-
sidal grooves, scutel somewhat roughened and without fovese;
legs translucent brown but paler at the joints; wings hyaline,
veins distinct, radial area open; abdomen black. Male: head
dark, but not quite as black as in the other sex ; antennae 14-
jointed ; thorax highly polished and dark brown ; legs pale and

No. 22.] HYMeVoPTERA of CONNECTICUT. 393

almost glassy in appearance ; abdomen petiolate, triangular in
outline, and of a reddish brown.

The galls of this species are scarcely i mm. long and i mm.
wide and i mm. deep. They lie embedded in the lamina of white
oak leaves, are pustule-like in form, and oval and apparent on
both sides of the leaf, though more distinctly on the upper than
on the under side. As many as two hundred of them may be
found on a single leaf of ordinary size. Since many of the indi-
viduals become infested with parasites, very few of the hosts
ever reach maturity. The galls mature about the 25th of June
and the imagos hatch out before July loth in Ohio.

N. affinis Bassett.

Female : length 2 mm. ; mostly black ; head finely rugose, an-
tennae 14-jointed and inserted upon a protuberant base, the first
joint truncated, the second ovoid, the third one-fourth longer
than the first and second combined, the fourth equal to the first
two, the fifth to tenth gradually shorter, the remaining four sub-
equal, the apical joint pointed ; antennae as a whole yellowish
brown, especially toward the base, and dusky brown toward the
tip ; rnesothorax very finely and evenly punctate, parapsidal
grooves wanting, scutel punctate and separated from the meso-
thorax by a rather broader shining groove; legs shining, almost
translucent brown, with a darker shade on the trochanter and on
the upper half of the femur; wings smoky, veins smoky brown,
areolet an isosceles triangle with the narrow base on the second
transverse vein, cubitus reaching to the first transverse vein,
radial area open, but the subcostal vein extending above the base
for a short distance, and the anterior border of the wing some-
what thickened, which in certain lights causes the radial area to
appear closed ; abdomen petiolate, black and shining. Male : ■ a
little longer than the female; antennae 15-jointed, third joint
deeply incised, antennae colored as in the female; legs paler, the
femora not at all brown ; abdomen black and shining throughout
and with a slender petiole.

The galls of this species are monothalamous, round, and thin-
walled, and occur in the buds of Quercus prinoides, usually partly
hidden in the scales of the bud, but in some instances standing
out free like a little blister on the twig. They are only large
enough to hold the larvae within them, and are dark brown in

394 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

color, with raised spots, or else entirely brown. These galb are
half grown in the autumn and develop so rapidly in the spring
that the inmates come out just as the leaves begin to expand.

N. vesicula Bassett.

Female : length a little more than 3 mm. ; antennae pale brown
at the base changing to dusky brown above, some shades darker
throughout than the male antennae, 14- jointed; thorax as in the
male, except that there are two parapsidal depressions, which
are hardly to be called grooves ; color of wings and venation the
same as in the male, legs paler than in the male ; abdomen shin-
ing black and not distinctly petiolate. Male: length 3 mm.;
head black, the ocelli equidistant, breadth of face considerably
less than half the width of one eye as seen from the front ; an-
tennae 15-jointed, first and second joints globular, third deeply
incised, the remaining ones nearly equal in length, except the very
short terminal joint, first joint nearly black at the base, the others
yellowish brown but darker toward the tips of antennae; thorax
shining black, with microscopic reticulations, but without grooves
or lines, surface of the scutel as on the mesothorax, its foveae
shallow and indistinct ; wings clear smoky brown, veins dark and
heavy, the second transverse vein, when the wings are closed, on
a line with the extremity of the abdomen, cubitus reaching to
the first transverse vein, areolet present, the radial area appar-
ently closed by the somewhat thickened border of the wing ; legs
with the coxae and trochanters shining black, changing below to
yellowish brown, which is the color of the remaining parts, except
the posterior pair which are a little darker than the others espe-
cially near the body; abdomen shining black, the first segment
forming a petiole, which is enlarged in the middle.

The gall of this species is a smooth reddish brown vesicle
that grows out from the centre of the buds of the white oak and
is surrounded at the base by the bud scales. It is sometimes of
a pale greenish brown color, its walls are thin, and the larvae
contained therein are free, that is, they are not enveloped by
larval cells. These galls are partially developed in the autumn
and in the following spring they mature so rapidly as to make it
possible for the insects to emerge about the time the leaves of
the oak begin to expand.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 395

N. minutus Bassett.

Female : length 2 mm. ; body, except the antennae and legs, of
a very dark brown; antennae 13-jointed as in the male, except
that the joints are shorter and the third joint is straight; the first
abdominal segment short, the remaining ones combined not longer
than deep. Male: a little longer than the female, with the entire
body of a semi-transparent amber color, with a shade of brown
on the thorax and on the back of the abdomen; antennae 14-
jointed, the first three points pale amber, the succeeding joints
dusky brown, the first joint club-shaped, the second oval, the third
curved, but only slightly incised, the remaining joints of nearly
equal length; thorax smooth and shining, with bands of dark
brown, where the parapsidal grooves would normally be, show-
ing in certain lights in the living specimens, scutel small, smooth
and shining, its^foveae wanting, but the furrow separating the
mesothorax and scutel broad and deep ; wings with a slightly
smoky tint, the cubitus reaching quite to the first transverse vein,
areolet present, radial area partly closed by the thickened border
of the wing; legs of a uniform pale amber color, claws dusky
brown ; abdomen smooth, shining and petiolate and tapering to a
cone-like point at each extremity.

• The galls are pubescent, usually of a pinkish color and found
on the white oak {Quercus alba).

Loxaulus Mayr.

L. mammula Bassett.

Female : length 2 mm. ; head yellowish brown, the vertex
finely sculptured, face rounded, with a few scattered hairs, and
a brush of long bristly hairs on the mentum, tips of the mandibles
faintly dusky ; antennae 13-jointed, first joint club-shaped, abruptly
truncate, the second regularly ovate, the third and fourth slender,
the third a trifle shorter than the two preceding combined, the
fourth as long as the first, the first four joints of a uniform clear
yellowish brown, while the remaining ones are of a dull dusky
brown ; thorax dark brown, semitranslucent, the scutel and post-
scutel almost black, mesothorax smooth and shining except when
viewed under a high power which reveals fine rugosities, parap-
sidal grooves wanting, scutel darker and more strongly rugose
than the mesothorax, scutellar foveae wanting; anterior and

396 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

middle legs pale yellowish brown, posterior legs much darker;
wings hyaline, the first and second transverse and the subcostal
vein dark smoky brown, the cubitus disappearing about mid-
way between the two transverse veins; abdomen smooth and
shining and apparently black, the first segment one-third longer
than the next longest, the remaining segments short. Male :
body somewhat shorter than that of the female, and a few shades
darker; antennae 15-jointed, with the first four joints darker
than in the female and the remaining ones a little lighter; the
legs somewhat lighter than in the female ; first segment of the
abdomen twice as long as the second in the dry specimens.

The galls of this species are hard woody knots at the base of
the young shoots on young white oak trees. They grow from
both the lateral and terminal branches and are hemispherical in
form and of large size compared with the branch, which always
grows out of their summits. They are polythalamous and the
larval cells are arranged as though the eggs had been deposited
around the bud before the leaves appeared. The white thin-
walled larval cells are firmly embedded in the woody tissue. The
galls formed around the lateral buds are from 12-18 mm. in
diameter, those around the cluster of terminal buds are often 25
mm. in diameter. Sometimes several branches are seen growing
out of a single gall instead of one. The galls do not seem to
aflfect the growth of the branches the first year but it seems in-
evitable that they must injure the branches the following year
when the galls decay.

Dryophanta Foerster.
*D. parvula Bassett.

Female : a little more than i mm. in length ; mostly black ;
head a little broader than the thorax; antennae 13-jointed, the
first joint dark, the second globose and as long as the first, the
joints beyond the third equal in length, second to eleventh yel-
lowish brown, twelfth and thirteenth dark dusky brown ; the
median lines which extend two-thirds of the distance from the
pronotum to the scutel, the parapsidal grooves and the lines at
the base of each wing all smooth and shining; the parapsidal
grooves converging closely at the scutel, the latter finely wrinkled
or rugose and without f oveae ; legs dark, translucent brown ; wings

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 397

hyaline, veins faint, radial area open, areolet wanting; abdomen
polished and shining.

The type locality of this species is probably Connecticut; the
describer of this species observed it ovipositing in the buds of
Quercus ilidfolm, 26 May, 1871.

*D. corrugis Bassett.

Female : length 2.5 mm. ; head black, with very fine reticula-
tions; antennae 14-jointed, the first joint club-shaped, the second
thicker than the first and almost equal in length, the third almost
two-thirds as long as the first two, all the joints to the fourth light
yellowish brown, the fifth a yellowish to dark brown at the tip,
remaining joints very dark brown, the thirteenth and fourteenth
separated by arj indistinct suture, the former not so dark brown
as the joint preceding it ; thorax not shining, mesonotum mostly
finely, evenly, and transversely wrinkled, scutel more finely
wrinkled than the mesonotum and without fovese; the legs with
the femora and tibiae dark brown except at the joints which with
the coxae and tarsi are yellowish brown, claws simple ; wings
hyaline, veins pale yellow, almost colorless, areolet wanting and
the cubitus so indistinct as to be almost imperceptible even half-
way to the first transverse vein, radial area open, the second
transverse vein not quite reaching to the anterior edge of the
wing and extending posteriorly no further than the point where
the areolet would normally be found ; abdomen black, polished,
somewhat depressed, with the third segment half as long as the
second and the following segments concealed in the dry speci-
mens.

The type locality is Waterbury. The original specimens were
taken in the spring of the year in the act of ovipositing in the
buds of Quercus prinoides.

*D. longicornis Bassett.
Male : length a little more than 2 mm. ; head black ; first and
second joints of antennae globose and equal in length, third joint
one-third longer than the first two combined, fourth equal in
length to the first two, fifth almost equal in length to the fourth,
the following joints gradually shorter, and all dark brown ;
thorax black and shining in that portion which is within the deep
parapsidal grooves, median and alar lines wanting, scutel coarsely
rugose and with short scattered hairs, foveae obsolete but replaced

398 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BulL

by a slight depression, which is rough Uke the rest of the scutel ;
legs rather pale red or reddish brown ; radial area open, areolet
present ; abdomen black and smooth.

Type locality: West Rock, New Haven, among the galls of
Andricus exiguus and Neuroterus exiguus.
*D. pallipes Bassett.

Male : length 2.25 mm. ; body mostly black ; head finely
wrinkled, wider than the thorax, first joint of the antennae smaller
than the second, club-shaped, second globose, both pale, third to
fifteenth changing gradually from pale to a dark dusky brown;
parapsidal grooves very distinct and closely converging at the
scutel, the space between the parapsidal grooves mostly polished
and smooth, scutel rather coarsely rugose and without foveae;
legs very pale brownish yellow; wings subfuscous, veins reddish
brown, radial vein ending very abruptly within the margin of the
wing, areolet distinct, cubitus reaching to the first transverse
vein ; abdomen petiolate, compressed, and shining black. Female :
antennae paler and the joints thereof shorter than in the male.

The galls of this species are simply a larval cell at the centre
of clusters formed in the rapid spring growth of the thrifty young
white oak shoots. The gall is blackish brown, has a thin shell,
and is oblong oval. It reaches a length of slightly over 2 mm.
and is 1.5 mm, in diameter. The adult emerges from the apex of
the cell in such a way as to leave the gall resembling an tgg shell
with the end removed.

Type locality: Waterbury.

*D. ignota Bassett.
Female : length nearly 2 mm. ; head black, finely rugose ; an-
tennae 1 3- jointed, the first and second joints dusky yellowish
brown, the remaining ones from dull dusky brown to dark brown ;
thorax microscopically sculptured or striate, the striae apparently
transverse though not so over the entire surface, parapsidal
grooves present, other impressed lines wanting, scutel finely
rugose and without f oveae ; legs clear testaceous, the posterior pair
darkest, especially the femora; wings slightly dusky, veins pale,
areolet bounded by almost transparent veins, radial area open;
abdomen black, sheath of the ovipositor dusky testaceous at the
tip.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 399

The gall of this species consists of an oval cell occurring
either singly or in clusters of from two to eight on the under side
of the leaves of Quercus bicolor. The galls are sessile and situ-
ated on the midrib and principal veins, and usually lie in a posi-
tion nearly parallel to the surface of the leaf. They are at
first covered with short woolly hairs, but when ripe become more
or less denuded. They measure 2.5 mm. in length and 1.2 mm.
in diameter and resemble very closely the cocoons of some species
of Microgaster.

New Canaan, 17 September, 1915 (B. H. W.).

°D. polita Bassett. Polished Oak Gall.

Female : length nearly 3 mm. ; head apparently black, but of a
very dark reddish brown when seen in certain lights, cheeks
somewhat lighter than the other parts, vertex reticulate, antennae
black, 14-jointed, the first joint club-shaped, the second oval or
ovate, the third as long as the first two combined, the fourth
one-fourth shorter than the third, the remaining joints except the
apical one subequal, the last joint a little longer than the preced-
ing; thorax black and smooth, with two parapsidal grooves,
between which are two parallel depressions that reach from the
pronotum two-thirds of the distance to the scutel ; few scattered
hairs on the thorax, the highly polished pleurae bordered with
scattered white hairs, scutel finely wrinkled and rounded
posteriorly and projecting over the metathorax, its fovese widely
separated and shining; legs very dark reddish brown, a little
lighter at the sutures; wings hyaline, cubitus pale, radial area
open ; abdomen black and polished, its pedicel more than half as
long as broad, sheath of the ovipositor slightly projecting and
tipped with a few long yellowish hairs.

The galls are round, monothalamous, common in midsummer
on both surfaces of the leaves of Quercus obtusiloba, at or near
the summit of the young shoots, with from one to fifteen or
twenty on a single leaf. They range in size from 6 to 18 mm. in
diameter, and when fully matured are of a paler shade of green
than the leaf on which they have grown, except where exposed to
sunlight, in which case they become red or brown. The point
of attachment is so small that upon removing them there is hardly
any trace left of their having been attached to the leaf stem. The
shell of the gall is, when dry, very thin and brittle, and the single

400 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

round larval cell is kept in a central position by fine radiating
and branching fibres that extend from the cell to the outside
shell.

*D. papula Bassett.
" Female : length 2 mm. ; head dark reddish brown, with a few
white hairs on the posterior edge of the vertex, vertex finely
punctate ; antennae brownish red, darker toward the tip, 13-jointed,
the last three joints connate so as to form a rather heavy club;
thorax black, lustreless, sparsely covered with hairs, with faint
parapsidal grooves converging slightly where they approach the
scutel, a very faint median line discernible from the posterior
part of the mesothorax and extending one-third the distance to
the pronotum, f oveae present on the scutel but indistinct ; legs
reddish brown ; abdomen shining black, sheaths of the ovipositor
yellow, the ovipositor yellowish brown with the exserted portion
at least five times as long as the body.

The gall of this species is monothalamous and quite often
found in clusters of from forty to one hundred. The individual
galls are papillous or cone-like and project unequally. They are
usually so crowded as to form a confluent mass with pustule-like
elevations. They are very hard though only transformed portions
of the blade of the leaf. On the under side of the leaf they
appear simply as a scar, projecting little if at all. They resemble
the galls of Andricus futilis and occur on the leaves of Quercus
rubra and Q. tinctoria.

Type locality : Derby.

*D. pedunculata Bassett.
Female : length 2 mm. ; head black, vertex minutely rugulose :
antennae 14-jointed, first and second joints equal in length and
very pale yellow, the third a little longer than the two preceding
combined, the fourth equal to the first and second united, and
brownish at the tip, the remaining joints dark brown and equal
in length ; thorax smooth, microscopically punctate, black and
shining, with parallel lines obscure but with distinct parapsidal
grooves, scutel obscurely punctate, its f oveae indistinct ; legs yel-
lowish brown, middle of the femora darker, claws simple ; wings
hyaline, veins dull brownish yellow, cubitus reaching nearly to
the first transverse vein, radial area open; abdomen bright shin-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 4OI

ing black, with the second segment concealing the following ones
in dry specimens. Male : body slightly longer than in the female ;
antennae 15-jointed, the first joint dark at the base, the second
yellow, globular, base of the third yellow, its tip thickened,
remaining joints dusky brown; head, thorax and abdomen black;
legs slightly darker than in the female.

The galls of this species grow on slender peduncles on the
edges of the leaves of Quercus rubra and Q. coccinea. They are
ovate with a long curved point, 3 by 4 mm. in dimensions exclu-
sive of the tip and the peduncle, which latter is from 6 to 12 mm.
in length and is evidently the prolongation of the lateral leaf
veins. When fresh the gall proper is smooth and has a somewhat
glaucous hue which mostly disappears in drying, at which time
there is a change to a dark, dirty, olive brown color. The larval
cell, which is free, smooth and oval, is i by 2.5 mm. in dimensions.
- Type locality: Waterbury.

Holcaspis Mayr.

H. globulus Fitch. Oak Bullet Gall. PI. vi, Fig. 4.

Female : length 5 to 6 mm. ; mostly black ; head, thorax, and
abdomen except the hind margin of the second segment, dense-
ly covered with whitish pubescence; antennae 14-jointed and
black ; wings with distinct veins, radial area not closed ; abdomen
minutely punctate. Galls occur on the young shoots of Quercus
mdntana, Q. alba and other oaks, in recently cut woodlands.

Waterbury (Bassett) ; New Haven, 27 May, 1907 (B. H. W.).
*H. rugosa Bassett.

Female: length 4 mm.; antennae dark brown, 14-jointed, first
joint club-shaped, second broader than long, third longer than
the first two combined, fourth as long as the first two, the four
following gradually shorter, the ninth and following equal in
length ; thorax covered with short appressed yellowish white
hairs which nearly hide the punctate surface, mesonotum with a
number of parallel lines beside the parapsidal grooves to which
all the additional lines are also parallel and equidistant ; legs dark
reddish brown ; wings hyaline, veins blackish brown and quite dis-
tinct, the subcostal and second transverse veins darkest, areolet
present, cubitus reaching only half-way from the areolet to the

26

402 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

first transverse vein, veins enclosing the open radial area termin-
ating abruptly before reaching the margin of the wing ; abdomen
black and shining, the first segment equal in length to all the
rest and covered with white hairs on the side beneath the wing,
sheath of the ovipositor dark yellowish brown.

The galls of this species are round, hard, and sessile on the
branches of Quercus prinoides. They measure from 12 to 16
mm. in diameter; their surface when immature is smooth and
often quite red on the side exposed to the sun. When fully ripe
or matured they have a shrunken and shriveled surface, and their
color varies from ashen to dull brown. The free larval cell is
surrounded by a yellowish brown cellular mass that is denser than
a sponge and fills the entire space between the cell and the outer
wall.
*H. fasciata Bassett.

Length 4.5 mm. ; head yellowish brown, face smooth, shaded
lighter than the cheeks and vertex ; antennae dusky brown through-
out, 14-jointed with the joints rather indistinctly separated, second
joint oval, the third a little longer than the first and second com-
bined, the remaining joints of a uniform red; thorax shining
and almost black, parapsidal grooves deep, scutel very coarsely
wrinkled and corrugated, its fovese not distinct; legs brownish
red ; wings subhyaline, with the veins rather distinct, with an
areolet, an open radial area, and the cubitus reaching to the first
transverse vein ; abdomen greater in extent from its dorsal to
its ventral surface than usual.

The galls of this species were found in September on the
summer growths of Quercus ilicifolia. They are arranged in
linear clusters near the tips of the shoots, somewhat after the
manner of the following species. While growing they are mot-
tled light and dark green, these spots often being arranged in
broad bands or fasciae. At the time of maturity they range from
6 to 12 mm. in diameter. At this time they are almost exactly
round. Finally they drop to the ground in response to the slight-
est touch and change then in color to a dull black.
*H. duricoria Bassett. Pointed Bullet Gall.

Female: length 5 mm.; almost entirely black; antennas 13-
jointed, first and second joints together hardly longer than half

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 403

the length of the third, third to ninth joints gradually shorter
and each larger at the apex than at the base ; thorax hairy, with
parapsidal grooves extending from the scutel forward but dis-
appearing before reaching the pronotum; in addition to these
grooves two parallel lines extending from the pronotum to the
middle of the mesonotum, and a median line beginning at the
border of the scutel but not extending far forward, the line above
the base of the wing distinct and deepest at the scutel, which
latter is hairy and without foveae; wings slightly smoky, areolet
present, cubitus disappearing before reaching the first transverse
vein, the second transverse vein heavy, especially at the base of
the open radial area ; legs dark brownish red, the claws bidentate ;
abdomen black and shining.

The galls of this species are globular, sessile and subclasping
on the young branches of Quercus hicolor. In form they are
somewhat like the Minie rifle balls. The galls are often so
densely crowded that they become misshapen. Their surface
is finely pulverulent and very hard and dry. The type locality is
Waterbury, where females were observed emerging in October
and November and were eaten by English sparrows and other
small birds as fast as they appeared.

Midway, i6 April, 1906 (B. H. W.) ; New Haven, 25 August,
1906 (P. L. B.).

Cynips Linnaeus.

C. strobilana Osten Sacken. Pine Cone Oak Gall.

Female: length 4-5.5 mm., mostly dark brown, with dense
appressed pubescence on the thorax and along the hind margins
of the abdominal segments; legs mostly brown, anterior knees
and tarsi reddish ; wings hyaline ; head black, punctate and pubes-
cent, palpi reddish, antennae 14-jointed, third joint about as long
as the first and second combined, the fourth to sixth gradually
decreasing in length, the seven penultimate joints nearly as long
as broad, the last joint somewhat longer than the preceding but
not as long as the two preceding combined; thorax with its
pubescence yellowish, not sufficiently dense to entirely conceal
the sculpture, which latter consists of a rather dense punctuation
and shallow grooves, two of which extend from the pronotum
backward and end about the middle of the mesonotum in a smooth

404 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

flat expansion ; pleurae black, punctate except a smooth shining
spot in the middle, with their lower part pubescent; scutel
punctate above, rugose behind and finely pubescent, pits at its
base of moderate size; the legs dark brown, pubescent, the base
of the femora and the knees and tarsi of the anterior pair reddish,
in some individuals in addition a reddish tinge at the base of the
femora and on the knees of the posterior pair ; wings hyaline,
the second transverse vein forming a knee which bears a distinct
stump of a vein in its middle ; abdomen pitch black, in some indi-
viduals, however, slightly reddish below along the hind margin
of the segments, its entire surface except the base of the seg-
ments and a narrow smooth line along the back clothed with a
whitish appressed pubescence, under which latter there is a mod-
erately dense perceptible punctuation, the second and largest seg-
ment of the abdomen hardly extending to its middle.

Waterbury, on leaves of swamp oak ; Greenwich, 24 Septem-
ber, 1915 (M. P. Zappe).

C. confluens Harris. Oak or May Apple.

Length nearly 6 mm. ; head and thorax black and roughened
with numerous httle pits and short hairs, body posteriorly smooth
and of a shining pitch color; legs dull brownish red; anterior
wings with brown spot near the middle of the outer edge.

The galls of this species are said to be the largest of the so-
called oak apples. They grow on the leaves of the red oak, are
round and smooth, and measure from 37 to 50 mm. in diameter.
At first the gall is green and somewhat pulpy, but when mature
it consists of a thin brittle shell of a dirty drab color which
encloses a quantity of brown spongy material in the centre of
which is a single cell about the size of a pea, which cell is the
final home of the larva and chrysalis. The adults emerge prob-
ably as a rule in the spring, but they have been noticed to come
out in the fall.

New Haven, 4 June, 1908 (B. H. W.).

Amphibolips Reinhard.
*A. verna Bassett.
Female : length 4.5 mm. ; head rugose, dusky black ; antennae
concolorous with the head, 14-jointed, with the first joint twice

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 405

as long as the second, third a little longer than the first and
second combined and very slightly curved, the fourth tvv^o-thirds
and the fifth one-half as long as the third, the sixth to the thir-
teenth equal in length, the apical joint half as long as the preced-
ing one ; thorax rugose and thinly covered w^ith short hairs, the
parallel lines of the mesonotum extending more than half-way
to the scutel, parapsidal grooves quite obscure, the impressed lines
over the bases of the wings more apparent than the parapsidal
grooves, scutel with foveae that are not smooth; legs uniformly
dark red ; wings subf uscous, veins brownish red, radial area open,
the areolet large and nearer to the anterior border of the wings
than in most species, cubitus reaching to the first transverse vein ;
abdomen shining and microscopically punctate.

Type locality: Waterbury. Found ovipositing in the buds
of Quercus ilicifolia, 9 April, 1897.

A. badia Bassett.

Female : length 6 mm. ; mostly dark brownish red ; head and
thorax covered with short appressed red hairs ; antennae 13-
jointed, second joint globular, the third one-third longer than the
two preceding combined, the fourth one-third shorter than the
third, the fifth and sixth gradually shorter, the third to sixth
larger at the apex than at the base, face covered with appressed
hairs, obscure converging line extending from the base of each
antenna to the mouth, head not broader than the thorax ; pro-
thorax anteriorly with a very narrow shining band, mesothorax
finely and evenly but rather sparsely punctate, parapsidal grooves
and other lines rather obscured by the short, dense and closely
appressed hairs, which completely hide the parapsidal grooves
posteriorly, scutel rounded and slightly elevated posteriorly,
foveae almost obsolete ; legs darker . than the thorax and
densely covered with short, fine and appressed hairs; wings
dark smoky brown, veins almost black, areolet well defined, cubi-
tus disappearing a short distance from the first transverse vein ;
abdomen black and shining, the second segment concealing nearly
all the others above, but its length beneath less than half its
length above, the sides of this segment covered with a dense patch
of reddish hairs.

Type locality of this species is probably Connecticut. It has
been taken early in spring.

406 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

*A. ilicifoliae Bassett. Scrub Oak Gall.

Female : length 4 mm. ; mostly black ; vertex of the head and
the entire thorax black, deeply and irregularly sculptured ; face
rugose and pubescent, with the hairs converging toward the
mouth, palpi shining reddish brown, antennae 13-jointed, the
apical joint with an imperfect suture apparent on the inner side,
first and second joints shining black, the remaining ones pubes-
cent and dull black; thorax pubescent, the parapsidal grooves
obliterated by a coarse, somewhat linearly arranged sculpture,
scutellar foveae sculptured like the rest of the scutel ; legs with
their coxs and the upper part of the femora of the anterior and
middle pairs black, rest of the anterior and middle pairs reddish
brown, posterior pair black, reddish at the joints ; wings slightly
dusky, veins brownish black, areolet very small, vein at the base
of the open radial area covered by a large brownish black cloud,
which covers part of the areolet but does not reach to the anterior
margin of the wing, in some individuals in addition a light brown
cloud in the basal cell; abdomen black and shining, except the
ventral edge, which is clear brownish red. Male : length 3.5 mm. ;
differs from the female in having 15-jointed antennae, and in the
darker legs, the posterior pair of which, including the tarsi, are
almost entirely black.

The galls of this species measure as much as 50 mm. in length
and 21 mm. in diameter, though the average size is more nearly
43 mm. for the length and 18 mm. for the diameter. They are
elongated, fusiform, erect or nearly so, apparently growing out
of the petiole of the leaves of Quercus ilicifolia and from the
upper side of the petiole. Their apex is rather long and more
slender than the basal portion and often considerably curved.
The central space containing the larvae is kept in place by radiat-
ing woody fibres. The advent of the gall sometimes entirely pre-
vents the development of the leaf on the upper side of which it
has formed.

Type locality : Waterbury.

°A. prunus Walsh. Acorn Plum Gall.
Female : length 5-7.5 mm. ; mostly black ; head rather coarsely
rugoso-punctate, face pubescent, antennae 13-jointed, the apical
joint as long as the eleventh and twelfth combined; thorax

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 407

opaquely and coarsely rugoso-punctate, with the dorsal groove
extending only one-third the way to the scutel and with the
parallel carinas on each side of the above groove extending only
half-way to the scutel, scutellar foveae large and deep, highly
polished and separated only by an acute and high carina; legs,
including the coxae, rufous, with the trochanters and tips of the
tarsi black ; wings subhyaline, with a dark brown cloud extending
from the first transverse vein over the areolet and the radial area
to the tip of the wing, veins all brown and distinct, but neither
the subcostal, radial, cubital nor anal veins attaining the exterior
margin; abdomen with the second joint polished and with some
sparse shallow punctures upon the basal three-fourths of the
same. The terminal fourth of the second segment except the
extreme edge is so densely covered with small confluent punctures
as to appear like virgin silver.

The galls occur on the side of the tuft of the acorns of
Quercus rubra and Q. tinctoria. They are globular, smooth and
plum-like, intensely bitter, and about 12.5- 19 mm. in diameter,
mottled with yellowish and crimson outside, internally yellowish
in the centre, and pink toward the circumference. This gall
reaches maturity in August and September.

A. coelebs Osten Sacken. Oak Spindle Gall.

Male : length 4 mm. ; head and thorax black, opaque, deeply
rugose, the latter pubescent; antennae reddish brown, paler
toward the tip, 15-jointed; legs mostly ferruginous yellow, pos-
terior femora and tibiae infuscate; wings with a brown spot on
the second transverse vein, and a pale, almost obsolete, brownish
shade between it and the anal angle of the wing, the subcostal and
radial veins interrupted before reaching the anterior margin,
areolet indistinct, second transverse vein angular.

The galls of this species occur on the red oak (Querciu rubra),
and are elongated, fusiform, pale green, with pedicel inserted
on the edge of the leaf and forming the prolongation of a leaf
vein. The length of the gall is about 25 mm.

New Haven, 22 February, 191 1 (B. H. W.).

A. inanis Osten Sacken. Empty Oak Gall.

Female : head black, deeply and irregularly sculptured on the
front and vertex, face pubescent, rugose; antennas 13-jointed,

408 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

brown or reddish brown, especially toward the tip ; thorax black,
sculptured somewhat like the vertex and sparsely pubescent,
three deeper longitudinal furrows occurring among the rugosities
and converging toward the scutel; near the anterior end of the
intermediate furrow and parallel to it, smaller rather indistinct
longitudinal furrows and ridges; pit at the base of the scutel
divided by a longitudinal ridge; legs reddish yellow, pubescent,
hind tarsi sometimes infuscated, claws black ; wings with a brown-
ish black spot at the base of the radial area extending beyond
the second transverse vein but not to the anterior margin of the
wing; abdomen brownish red and glossy.

On leaves of scarlet oak.

New Haven, September, 1906 (W. E. B.).

°A. nubilipennis Harris.

Very like Synergus oneratus, from the dark colored variety
of which it differs only slightly in size, being a little larger, and
in the smoky cloud on the tips of its wings, which gives this
species its name.

The galls of this insect are of the size and color of grapes
and occur on the leaves of oaks. They contain a solitary grub
which completes its transformations in June in the state of
Massachusetts.

*A. sculpta Bassett.

Female: length 5 mm.; head black, irregularly and coarsely
sculptured ; face sparsely pubescent ; antennae black, 13-jointed,
first and second joints very short, the third joint longer, the
remaining joints gradually decreasing in length to the thirteenth,
which latter equals the eleventh and twelfth combined ; thorax
black, sculptured somewhat like the head, pubescent ; legs honey-
yellow, coxae black, tarsi brownish ; wings smoky brown, some-
what cloudy, veins dark red, terminating rather abruptly before
reaching the margin of the wing, areolet distinct, radial area with
its sides almost parallel ; abdomen black, microscopically punc-
tate, the second segment hairy beneath the wings. Male : length
4 mm. ; antennae 15-jointed, third joint rather deeply incised ; legs
mostly dark reddish brown, the posterior pair nearly black, all
rather lighter at the articulations than elsewhere ; wings, includ-
ing the veins, hyaline, the latter seen but faintly and then only in

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 409

a very favorable light. The difficulty with which the veins can
be seen may be due to the fact that the specimens upon which
this description is based may have been immature.

The galls of this species were found attached to the under side
of the leaves of Quercus rubra. These galls are globular, vary-
ing in size from 6 to i8 mm. in diameter. They are in color like a
white grape, sour to the taste, succulent, of the consistency of a
green grape, and sufficiently translucent to enable one to make out
the single cell in the centre by simply holding the gall up to the
sunlight.

Type locality: Waterbury.

Andricus Hartig.

*A. ventricosus Bassett.

Female: length 3.5 mm.; head and thorax bright cinnamon
color, the former finely punctate, face pubescent, dark brown
around the mouth, tips of the mandibles black, palpi pale brown,
antennse 15-jointed, third joint longest, the other joints gradually
decreasing in length to the apical one, which is as long as the two
preceding combined and provided with a connate suture; thorax
punctate somewhat like the head, parapsidal grooves present, the
line dividing the mesonotum lengthwise reaching from the pro-
notum to the scutel, on each side of this medial line a line reach-
ing half-way from the collar or pronotum to the scutel, also a
deep linear depression on each side over the base of the wings :
legs mostly yellow, tips of the tarsi black ; wings hyaline, the sub-
costal, anal, first and second transverse veins dark reddish brown,
the first two rather paler toward the base, areolet distinct, radial
area open, the vein forming its base considerably enlarged ; abdo-
men darker brown than the thorax.

The galls of this species grow in clusters of from three or
four to a dozen on the limbs and occasionally on the trunks of
young shrubs of Quercus ilicifolia. They are cone-shaped, trun-
cate at the base, with the apex often prolonged into a slender
recurved point, from 12 to 15 mm. long and from 6 to 9 mm. in
diameter at the base. When quite fresh or immature they are
often of a deep red color, which turns to brown or black when
the galls become dry. Finally, the galls are very hard and enclose
a nearly free larval cell.

Type locality : Waterbury.

4IO CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

*A. formosus Bassett.

Female : length 3 mm. ; head black, finely and evenly rugose ;
antennae 15-jointed, yellowish red, the terminal joints darker,
suture between the fourteenth and the fifteenth joints as distinct
as the preceding ones, face with a short pubescence, the hairs of
which converge toward the mouth, mandibles black, palpi of a
color similar to that of the antennae; thorax black, with a few
short hairs on the pronotum, mesonotum with distinct parap-
sidal grooves and a median line which is broad where it ends at
the scutel but gradually decreases and disappears just before
reaching the pronotum, in addition between this and the parap-
sidal grooves two short lines beginning at the pronotum and ex-
tending half-way to the scutel; the thorax reticulate, almost
umbilicately punctate, scutel finely rugose, its foveae smooth and
shining; legs bright brownish red, except the upper part of the
femora, which is nearly black, and the coxae, which are entirely
black ; wings hyaline, as are the veins, except the first and second
transverse and the subcostal, which are very pale yellow, areolet
equiangular, bounded on the inner side by an entirely colorless
vein, radial area open; abdomen bright reddish brown, minutely
punctate, sheath of the ovipositor dark brownish red.

The galls of this species were found in a cluster of forty or
fifty elongate, ovate, individual galls on a branch of a young red
oak tree. They were from 18 to 25 mm. in length and 12 mm. in
diameter in the middle, tapering to a point at both ends, covered
with a short velvety pubescence, and when dry they were ridged
like a cantaloupe. The inner structure, of a cork-like nature,
adheres closely to the larval cell and is divided lengthwise into
many parts by partitions corresponding to the outside ridges.
This gall is monothalamous and the cell is 2.5 mm. long.

Type locality : Waterbury.
*A. pruinosus Bassett.

Female: length 2.5 mm.; mostly shining black; antennae 13-
jointed, first and second joints light brown, all the following
gradually shorter to the apex which is dusky brown, in some
cases a faint suture on the apical joint; thorax subcompressed
from side to side, punctate and with a few scattered hairs, the
two median lines and the parapsidal grooves all even and dis-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 411

tinct, scutel microscopically wrinkled and with shining foveae;
legs dark translucent brown, paler at the joints and tarsi than
elsewhere ; wings subhyaline, veins distinct in the basal portion
of the wing but hardly noticeable beyond, radial area open, areo-
let bounded above by a longer vein than the others surrounding
it, the cubitus reaching half-way to the first transverse vein ;
abdomen with its second segment almost tubiform and covering
all of the following segments in the dry specimens.

The galls of this species are 3 to nearly 4 mm. in diameter,
perfectly round, and to be found at various places on the leaves
and occasionally on the sterile aments of Quercus obtusiloba.
They are pruinose and their walls are very thin and do not
enclose a larval cell. In many instances the blade of the leaf or
the part affected by the gall is reduced to a mere rudiment of
irregular form and varying size, but in such cases the gall is
always banded by a minute ridge answering to the leaf blade.
It bears a close resemblance to A. utriculus Bassett.

Type locality: East Rock, New Haven.

A. perditor Bassett.

Head, antennae and legs deep brownish red ; head finely punc-
tate ; mesothorax darker than the head and scutel ; antennae 14-
jointed, first joint ovate, second subquadrate, third and fourth
nearly equal ; parapsidal grooves very slender and subobsolete in
front, lines at the bases of the wings present but indistinct, scutel
ending in a blunt rounded point, rugose and hairy and with rather
widely separated fovese ; legs light brown at the joints ; wings
with their veins dark brown, areolet wanting, radial area open;
abdomen black and polished, the second segment three-fifths as
long as the entire abdomen.

The galls of this species are 3 to nearly 4 mm. long and 2.5-3
mm. broad. The base is broad, the apex conical, the base with
the cicatrix of a true acorn. They occur in among the acorns
of Quercus ilicifolia in the spring of the acorns' second year's
growth, at which time the latter are very like these galls in
appearance.

*A. petiolicola Bassett. Oak Petiole Gall.

Female : length 2.5 mm, ; vertex of the head black, nearly
smooth, face brown and pubescent, the mouth parts lighter in

412

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

color, antenna reddish brown, 13-jointed, the terminal joints
darker in color than the basal; thorax rugulose, longitudinal
grooves two in number, converging toward the scutel, and flank-
ing two shorter grooves reaching half-way from the pronotum
to the scutel, an indistinct groove over the base of the wings,
scutel wrinkled and with a few scattered hairs, its base provided
with f ove^e ; legs light brown, the posterior pair dark brown, tips
of tarsi very dark brown or black ; abdomen black and polished,
its ventral portion, however, dark reddish brown, its second seg-
ment half the length of the abdomen; radial area not closed,
cubitus disappearing before reaching the first transverse vein.
Male: length 2 mm.; antennae 15-jointed, the third joint incised;
abdomen black, the second segment three- fourths as long as the
remaining ones ; otherwise as in the female.

The galls of this species occur on Quercus montana, are club-
shaped, situated on the petioles of the leaves, 12.5 mm. in diam-
eter, hard and woody when mature.

Type locality : Waterbury. New Haven, 8 October, 1908 (W.
E. B.).

*A. ostensackeni Bassett.

Female : length 3 mm. ; mostly black ; head and thorax irregu-
larly sculptured; face sparingly pubescent, palpi brown, antennae
pale brown, 13-jointed; thorax with a few scattered hairs, longi-
tudinal lines broken by the sculpture and only indistinctly trace-
able, mesothorax along the posterior margin bounded by a salient
black shining ridge; wings with a faint tinge of brown, veins
brown and distinct, cubital vein disappearing before reaching the
first transverse vein ; posterior legs very dark and shining brown,
all the others somewhat reddish brown and lighter at the joints
than elsewhere ; abdomen black and shining. Male : length 2.5
mm.; antennse 15-jointed, dull dark brown; legs darker than in
the female ; abdomen elongated, with the third joint nearly two-
thirds its entire length ; otherwise like the female.

Galls of this species are somewhat rounded, oblong, hollow,
pale greenish yellow, occur on the under side of the leaf, project
slightly on the opposite side and contain an oblong kernel kept in
position by filaments radiating toward the outer shell.

Type locality: Waterbury.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 413

*A. cicatricula Bassett.

Female : length 2.5 mm. ; head and thorax practically as in
the male ; antennae 13-jointed, abdomen shining black, except
beneath, where it is clear translucent brown, sheaths of the ovi-
positor extending above the dorsum ; legs all dark reddish brown ;
wings as in the male. Male : length nearly 2 mm. ; head black,
vertex microscopically netted, antennae 15-jointed, first and second
joints dark reddish brown, remainder light yellowish brown, shin-
ing, first joint heavy, second ovoid, third one-fourth longer
than the first two combined and slightly curved but scarcely in-
cised, fourth to fourteenth subequal, and each as long as the first
and second combined, apical joint conical ; thorax black and
shining, mesothorax rounded and with regular transverse reticu-
lations, two faint parallel lines present, parapsidal grooves entire
and almost parallel, converging only slightly toward the scutel,
which is finely rugose and has f oveae that are shining ; legs with
the posterior pair dark brown and with pale sutures, the anterior
and middle pairs light reddish brown, claws with two teeth ;
wings hyaline, first and second transverse and submarginal veins
brown, the remaining veins entirely or almost entirely colorless,
areolet present, radial area open, cubitus becoming obsolete half-
way toward the first transverse vein ; abdomen with its second
segment nearly round, polished and black, only the edge of the
remaining segments visible.

The galls of this species are polythalamous, occur on the mid-
vein of the leaves of Quercus alba, one to a leaf, are situated at
times at the base but usually from one-fourth to one-half the way
beyond the base, rarely above the middle, project one-third below
and two-thirds ^bove the surface of the leaf, and are rounded on
the under and cone-shaped on the upper surface of the leaves.
The gall is solid and somewhat fibrous, its shortest diameter meas-
uring 12.5 mm. and its longest diameter from 15 to 21 mm. The
larval cells radiate in all directions from the centre of the gall
and are quite numerous. There is at or near the centre of the
cone a small scar or indentation which is invariably present.
*A. corniger Osten Sacken. Horned Knot Oak Gall.

Female : length nearly 3 mm. ; mostly black ; head as broad as
the thorax, face finely and indistinctly pubescent, irregularly

414 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST, SURVEY. [Bull.

rugose, subopaque, with a few indistinct striae converging toward
the mouth on both sides, mandibles reddish, their tips black, palpi
brownish yellow, front opaque, vertex with a kind of lustre,
irregularly sculptured, antennae 14-jointed, yellowish brown,
brown toward the tip, third joint nearly as long as the two pre-
ceding combined, the following joints gradually diminishing in
length, joints eight to thirteen but slightly different in length, the
apical joint about one and one-half times the length of the pre-
ceding; humeral parts of the pronotum coarsely rugose, opaque
in contrast to the comparatively smooth and shining mesonotum,
the latter with dense transverse microscopic rugas, which do not
materially diminish the lustre of the surface, three distinct im-
pressed lines running from the pronotum some distance backward,
parapsidal grooves distinct, their margins less well cut or less
smooth than usual, appearing as if the grooves were formed by
a series of confluent punctures, the lateral grooves with similar
characters and somewhat curved with the convexity on the out-
side, tegnlae yellowish brown, pleurae densely irregularly sculp-
tured, opaque, except a shining spot on their upper portion, scute!
rugose; legs mostly brownish yellow, tips of tarsi brown, hind
femora and tibiae infuscated, middle femora in some cases also
infuscated; wings hyaline, somewhat whitish, distinct veins of
pale brownish color, areolet distinct.

Gall occurs on pin oak (Quercus palustris) on the limbs of
which the woody knots bear pale yellow conical projections, which
constitute these galls.

Type locality: Waterbury. Saug^tuck, 29 March, 1915 (An-
drew Westlin).

*A. incertus Bassett.

Male: length 3 mm.; head black, antennae 14-jointed, the
first joint shining black, clavate, the second ovate, the third half
as long as the first and second combined, the fourth equal in
length to the third, the succeeding joints subequal, becoming
shorter and shorter, the joints beyond the first dark brown ; thorax
black, roughened and hairy, two parallel lines extending half-way
from the pronotum to the scutel, additional lines two in number
extending half way from the scutel to the pronotum and diverg-
ing, a line over the base of each wing, these lines rather obscured

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, 415

by the pubescence, scutellar foveae almost as lustreless as the
scutel itself ; legs dark shiming brown, nearly black, but some-
what lighter at the joints ; wings hyaline, with a smoky brown
spot toward the base, areolet present, radial area open ; abdomen
black and shining, its first segment (above) two-thirds the
length of the abdomen as a whole. Was found ovipositing, 22
April, 1890, in buds of Quercus hicolor.

The type locality for this species is probably Waterbury.

*A. obtusilcbae Bassett,

Female : length 2,5 mm, ; head, antennae and legs clear yellow-
ish red; antennse 13-jointed, the first joint club-shaped, the second
half as long as and the third equal to the first in length, the fol-
lowing joints each shorter than the next preceding, except the
apical joint, which is twice as long as the twelfth; head broader
than the thorax, vertex evenly and finely wrinkled or punctate ;
thorax with the surface of the mesonotum punctate, and traversed
in part by two parallel median longitudinal lines extending half-
way from the pronotum to the scutel in addition to the parapsidal
grooves which are present but indistinct, scutel finely wrinkled,
its foveae smooth ; wings not quite hyaline, their veins faint, radial
area open, areolet wanting, cubitus reaching two-thirds the dis-
tance to the first transverse vein ; abdomen polished.

The type locality of this species is also probably Waterbury.

*A. piperoides Bassett.
Female : length 3,5 mm. ; head microscopically punctate, an-
tennse 14-jointed, first joint ovate, the third one-third longer than
the first and second combined, the fourth to the seventh succes-
sively shorter than the next preceding, the joints beyond the
seventh ovate ; thorax smooth and shiny, mesonotum with dis-
tinct parapsidal grooves, scutel subquadrate, finely wrinkled, its
foveae distinct, the carina small, extending to its posterior mar-
gin; legs less dark than the rest of the body, which is almost
entirely dark reddish brown ; wings with distinct veins, areolet
obsolete or nearly so, reduced to a light spot at the crossing of
the distinct veins, cubitus extending almost to the first transverse
vein, radial area open, its basal vein terminating abruptly at a
distance from the costal border ; abdomen compressed from side
to side, giving the dorsal and ventral portions a sharp edge, almost

4l6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

entirely bare, a few hairs on the sides of the penultimate segment.

The galls of this species measure from 3 to 9 mm. in
diameter, and occur in dense clusters along the midvein of only
the largest grown leaves of the thriftiest shoots of young red
oaks (Quercus rubra). These clusters contain from one or two
dozen galls up to one hundred or more and extend along the vein
of the leaves to the distance of 7 or 10 cm.

This species was probably described from specimens collected
in Waterbury.

*A. pulchellus Bassett.

Female : length 2.5 mm. ; black and glistening ; antennae 14-
jointed, dark reddish brown, first joint globose, the third and
following joints of uniform length; thorax ovate, punctate,
sparsely hairy, parapsidal grooves closely converging toward both
the pronotum and the scutel, the foveae of which latter are shin-
ing ; legs clear reddish brown ; wing veins pale brown, radial area
open, areolet bounded by veins of uniform size, cubitus indistinct
and reaching half way to the first transverse vein ; abdomen
short, its first segment equal to four-fifths of its entire length,
black and smooth.

The specimen from which this species is described was found
ovipositing in the buds of Quercus prinoides, and was probably
collected in Waterbury.

*A. patiens Bassett.

Female : length 3 mm. ; head very dark red, hairy and rugose,
vertex flattened, antennae 14-jointed, the first joint dark and club-
shaped, second joint one-third the length of the first and some-
what lighter in color, third equal to the first and second com-
bined, fifth a little shorter than the fourth, and the sixth a little
shorter than the fifth, the succeeding joints equal in length, all of
the joints except the first dusky red or coppery ; thorax and scutel
dull red and covered with hair, parapsidal grooves, median lines
and lines near the bases of the wings all present, the median lines
reaching about one-third the distance from the pronotum to the
scutel, scutellar foveae present, not smooth and shining; wings
faintly fuscous, the larger veins pale red, the smialler almost color-
less, radial area open and broadest in its middle, areolet present,
the anterior sides bounded by indistinct veins ; abdomen black

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, 417

and smooth, its first segment with a few scattered hairs on its
anterior half; legs semi-translucent red, posterior femora almost
ovate in the middle, claws dark.

This species was found ovipositing in the buds of Quercus
ilicifoUa early in the spring. The type locality is probably Water-
bury.

A. fusiformis Osten Sacken.

This species diflFers from petiolicola as follows: The two
lines between the parapsidal grooves are distinctly impressed and
very like furrows, but have less lustre and are therefore not as
perceptible as in the species above mentioned. In addition to
these lines there is a third intermediate impressed line that is
perceptible in certain lights, the scutel is less deeply wrinkled,
and the thoracic pubescence is more distinct than in the other
species.

The gall of this species is elongated, fusifiorm, petiolate, and
mostly occurs on the margin, though sometimes on the surface,
of the leaf of the white oak {Quercus alba).

*A. exiguus Bassett.
Female: head black, antennae 13- jointed, joints three to ten,
in dry specimens shrunken and wrinkled; wings not clear, veins
distinct. Male: head black, antennse pale yellow, 14-jointed,
second joint globular, the third as long as the first and second
combined, and subclavate, the succeeding joints equal in length
and not quite as long as the third, except the apical joint, which
is minute, the tenth to thirteenth joints slightly dusky; thorax
shining yellow, parapsidal grooves distinct, scutel yellow, slightly
rugose, bounded posteriorly by a heavy ridge, its fovese round
and close together ; legs pale yellow ; wings subhyaline, veins pale
brown, areolet present but faint, radial area open, cubitus reach-
ing three-fourths of the distance to the first transverse vein.

Type locality: West Rock, New Haven. Found among the
dry but still adherent aments of Quercus ohtnsUoha in June.

*A. ashmeadi Bassett.

Female: length 3.5 mm.; thorax with distinct parapsidal
grooves that are even throughout, the intermediate parallel lines
not grooved and reaching only half-way to the scutel, a faint line
on the mesonotum near the base of each wing, thorax irregularly

27

4l8 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

punctate, scutel more coarsely so than the rest of the thorax, and
more hairy ; wings clear, veins distinct and brown, areolet present,
radial area open, cubitus not quite reaching the first transverse
vein • legs very dark reddish brown, almost black, except at the
joint's claws simple; abdomen polished, shining black, except
where' covered with white hairs, the dorsal and ventral portions
of the second, third and fourth abdominal segments bare.

The type of this species was probably found in Waterbury,
and is represented by a specimen collected 13 April, 1890, ovi-
positing in the buds of Quercus hicolor.
*A. operatola Riley and Bassett.
Female: length 3.5 mm.; head, including the antennae, and
thorax, including the legs, dark reddish ; head almost crescent-
shaped, very finely rugose, antennae 13- jointed, first joint dark,
second joint globose and only one-third as long as the first, third
not quite as long as the first and second combined, the fourth to
the twelfth successively with each one shorter than the next
preceding, the apical joint tapering at its apex; thorax punctate,
parapsidal grooves as well as the two intermediate lines present,
the latter extending little more than half-way to the scutel and
posteriorly somewhat divergent, mesonotal lines near the
insertion of the wings distinct, except for minute hairs which
somewhat obscure the same, as well as the punctuation of the
thorax, scutel roundish, somewhat rugose and more hairy than
the rest of the thorax, its foveae oval, shining, oblique and
separated from each other by a carina; wings hyaline, with the
subcostal and two transverse veins brownish red, the other veins
nearly colorless, radial area present, areolet wanting; legs paler
red than the thorax ; abdomen black and polished, the sides of the
first segment sparingly covered anteriorly with white hairs.

The galls vary in size from that of the flaxseed to 8 mm. in
length, are shaped somewhat like the false chestnuts that are
often seen in chestnut burrs, and rarely approach the shape of
an acorn. From one to six of these galls have been found origi-
nating from between the acorn and the acorn cup of Quercus
ilicifolia. The acorn is in most cases aborted through the pres-
ence of these galls, and the galls when mature fall to the ground.
This is regarded as the agamous form of A. operator.
The type locality of this species is Waterbury.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 4I9

*A. palustris Osten Sacken. Succulent Oak Gall.

Female and male : length 2 to 2.5 mm. ; mostly black ; mouth
brownish yellow, palpi brownish; antennae filiform, 15-jointed,
four to six basal joints yellow, the rest brown (in the male the
basal joints also somewhat infuscated), third joint longer than
the others, the fourth to eighth joints successively shorter than
the joint next preceding (this difference in length not so marked
in the male as in the female), the following joints equal in length ;
thorax smooth and shining, scutel deeply sculptured on its
posterior aspect; legs yellow except the bases of coxae which
are brown, and the tips of the tarsi which are black; wings im-
maculate, with the thickened veins brown, those of the anterior
portion of the wing especially dark, the basal vein sometimes
obsoletely clouded, areolet distinct, cubitus distinct throughout
its whole length and not quite reaching the margin; abdomen
shining.

The galls of this species range from 9 to 10 mm. in diameter,
are globular, hollow, green, succulent, contain a whitish free
globular body about 2.5 mm. in diameter, and occur on the buds
and young leaves of Quercus palustris, the pin oak.

The type locality of this species is Waterbury. New Haven,
5 June, 1906 (B. H. W.).

A. flocci Walsh.

Female : length 2-2.5 mm. ; mostly black ; vertex glabrous and
a little polished, face brownish and apparently pubescent, palpi
brown, antennae apparently two-thirds as long as the body, 13-
jointed, the basal half rufous, the terminal half dark brown ; the
apical joint more than half as long again as the penultimate;
thorax glabrous, somewhat polished, with two longitudinal strias
converging toward the scutel and sometimes with a faint medial
Stria in addition, striae obsolete anteriorly, pleurae sometimes
entirely opaque, subpubescent, sometimes w'ith a moderately
polished spot under the wings, scutel finely rugose, not polished,
with basal shallow foveas; legs uniformly honey-yellow, verging
toward rufous, except the tarsal tips, which are obfuscated;
wings hyaline, the principal veins and the cross veins brown,
areolet distinct, radial area open and three to three and a half
times as long as wide; abdomen polished, as seen from the side

420 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

as wide as long, the second segment occupying about one-half its
surface, the ovipositor more or less exserted.

This species is probably an inhabitant of Quercus alba, the
white oak. , '

A. nigrae Osten Sacken.

Female: reddish brown on head and thorax, abdomen dark
brown and shining; antennae 14-jointed, with indication of an
additional joint in certain lights, brownish yellow ; anterior legs
brownish yellow, intermediate or middle legs darker brownish
on the femora and tibiae, posterior legs still darker brown, all
tarsi brownish yellow with infuscated tips; wings hyaline, sub-
costal and radial veins colorless or almost pellucid, areolet want-
ing, cubital veins very indistinct.

Of the two original galls from which this species was bred both
were found along the midrib on the under side of a leaf of
Quercus nigra or blackjack oak, one extending for about 25 mm.
along the midrib, the other shorter, both greenish and about 5
or 7.5 mm. broad, and each containing several gall flies, which
emerged between the 20th and 22d of June, the larger gall there-
after appearing to have been pierced nine times.

A. frondosus Bassett.

Only the gall of this species is known. This is a cone-like
body, developed from the axillary leaf buds, and covered, when
immature and often when dry, with a dense rose-like cluster of
imperfectly developed leaves. The cell containing the larva is
smooth, shining, oval, about one-eighth of an inch long, half
immersed in the apex of the cone, and occurring on Quercus chin-
quapin. These galls are developed after the summer growth of
the tree is complete and the axillary buds are formed. The rudi-
mentary leaves are green, ligulate, and the more perfectly devel-
oped galls resemble the flowers of the common garden Artemisia.
The clump of oak bushes from which the original specimens were
gathered was covered with them.

A. topiarius Ashmead. Leafy Bower Gall.

Female : length a little more than 2 mm. ; uniformly red
brown, punctate; eyes dark brown, antennae 13-jointed, slightly
longer than the thorax and very slightly thickened towards the
tip ; thorax with the usual grooves so characteristic of this genus,

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 421

only not so distinctly apparent as usual, the median longitudinal
line being faintly traceable, as well as the two short lines on the
shoulders, scutel rugoso-punctate, cushion-shaped, with two small
oblique foveas at base ; abdomen polished, second segment occupy-
ing more than one-half the length of the abdomen, third, fourth
and fifth segments subequal ; wings hyaline, veins hyaline, so clear
as to be traced with difficulty, the radial area open, areolet so
pale as to be invisible, except when held up to the light, when it
is seen to be distinct, cubitus obsolete.

The galls of this species in general appearance are exactly
similar to those of A. frondosus, but not so large, comprising a
cluster of small, deformed, lanceolate leaflets, with from three
to five small, smooth, oval cells in its matrix ; these cells are
deciduous, measure from 1.5 mm. to a little more than 0.5 mm. in
diameter, and like other leafy galls of this kind fall to the ground
on reaching maturity. This species is infested by the following
parasites: Eurytoma studiosa Say, and a species of each of the
following genera: Torymus, Synergus, Ceroptres and Platy-
gaster.

A. seminosus Bassett.

Female : length , 2.5 mm. ; head black, antennas dark honey-
yellow, 1 4- jointed, the first and third equal in length, the fourth
to thirteenth thicker than long, the fourteenth longer and conical ;
mesonotum black, finely punctate, not hairy, the parapsidal and
interparapsidal parallel lines hardly discernible, the dorsal or
median lines indistinct, but extending more than half-way to the
pronotum, a deep impression over the base of each wing, scutel
shining but irregularly and coarsely wrinkled, its shining foveae
very deep and separated by a ridge ; legs dark reddish brown,
claws simple; wings with veins faint and the areolet subobso-
lete ; abdomen black and shining, except the posterior margins of
the terminal segments, which are yellowish brown.

The galls are hard woody knots, sometimes terminating the
shoots in a clump of oak sprouts, but oftener an enlargement of
the base of the small lateral branches. In some specimens the
terminal galls are 25 mm. in diameter and shaped like a straw-
berry, others are about half as large and of the same shape; all
are more or less uneven on the surface. In old galls the outer

422 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

bark when fallen off reveals a surface which is dotted as thickly
as possible with very small, open, larval cells to the number of
several hundreds ; the cells are distinct from the woody fibre in
which they are imbedded but cannot be separated from it. These
galls are easily taken for those of A. scitulus.
*A. piger Bassett. Oak Midrib Gall.

Female : length nearly 3 mm. ; mostly deep black, ocelli incon-
spicuous in the rather coarsely rugose vertex, antennae 14-jointed,
the first joint club-shaped, second ovate, third not quite as long
as the first and second combined, fourth, fifth and sixth subequal,
the remaining joints scarcely shorter than the sixth and sub-
equal, base clear yellowish brown, changing gradually to a
light dusky brown toward the apex; thorax finely and evenly
punctate, in a favorable light seeming to have two extremely faint
parallel lines which extend half-way from the pronotum to the
scutel, a smooth groove beginning at the scute! on the middle
of the mesonotum, and ending suddenly as a groove but continuing
as a faint depression half-way to the pronotum, the parapsidal
grooves fine and narrow but distinct, a smooth polished line over
the base of the wings, the scutel round and rugose, the fovese
large and deep ; the legs rather a dark reddish brown ; the wings
hyaline, with sharply defined veins, a small areolet and open
radial area and a colorless cubitus; abdomen polished and shin-
ing, first segment more than equal in length to the remaining ones
combined, sheath of the ovipositor dark yellowish brown at the
tip.

The galls of this species are large, irregular swellings on the
midrib of the leaves of Quercus tinctoria, always on the under
side and usually on the lower half of the leaf ; sometimes two dis-
tinct galls are found on the same leaf, their presence being indi-
cated on the upper surface by a widening of the midrib and a
slight depression of the leaf at that point. They are often 25
mm. in length, and in the middle half 25 mm. in diameter, taper-
ing more or less towards the ends. They are of a dense cellular
tissue, with the woody fibre of the midrib along the axis. The
cellular portion contains a large number of larval cells, which
are inseparable from the enveloping substance. The galls are
found on young oaks early in June. They answer, it might be

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 423

added, the description of Quercus tumifica given by Osten
Sacken.

*A. pattoni Bassett.

Female: length 2 mm.; head reddish brown; antennae 14-
jointed, dusky brown, the last two joints indistinctly separated
by a closely connected suture, entire head and face covered with
short white hairs, tips of the mandibles black ; thorax a very
dark shining brown, appearing black in certain lights, its surface
finely and evenly reticulate, the parapsidal grooves closely con-
vergent at the scutel, the short line usually present over the base
of each wing wanting in this species, a few scattered hairs on
the borders of the mesothorax, most abundant at the base of the
wings, scutel rugose and hairy, its f ovese large and shallow ; legs
of uniform reddish brown, except the darker tips of the tarsi ;
wings hyaline, veins dark brown, areolet present, cubitus very
pale and sometimes quite disappearing before reaching the first
transverse vein, radial area open, abruptly terminated by the short
curve of the radial vein ; abdomen shining blackish brown, lighter
beneath, the ventral valve projecting a little above the dorsal.

The galls are clusters of larval cells along the midvein of the
leaves of Quercus obtusiloba, on the under side and standing per-
pendicular to its surface. The cells are completely hidden in a
short, dense, brownish wool. The largest clusters often extend
along the midvein more than half the length. They are found
on young trees, and usually on the leaves near the top of the
stronger growing shoots. This species lives over the winter in
the galls. The galls in their woolly covering resemble those of
A. Hocci of Walsh, but in the latter the woolly hairs are longer
and that species is found only on Quercus alba.

Type locality : West Rock, New Haven, 1876 (W. H. Patton).

*A. utriculus Bassett.
Female : length 2.5 mm. ; head black, very finely rugose, face
sparsely covered with short stiff hairs, antennae 13- jointed, first
joint short, club-shaped, second globular, third long and straight,
fourth three-fourths as long as the third, fifth and succeeding
ones, except the terminal one, one-half as long as the third, thir-
teenth with an indistinct suture in the middle, antennae clear
yellowish brown at the base, gradually changing to a dull deep
brown at the tip ; thorax black, mesothorax finely rugose, parap-

424 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

sidal grooves distinct and a broad deep median line from the
pronotum to the scutel, Hne over the base of each wing present
but indistinct, scutel coarsely wrinkled, sparsely hairy, foveas
connate, deep, smooth and shiny at the bottom ; legs with anterior
and middle pairs yellowish brown except the trochanter which is
nearly black, posterior pairs darker brown; areolet very small
and in some cases wanting, radial area open, surface of the wing
more hairy than is usual among the Cynipidge. Male : length 2
mm. ; black, except the legs and antennae, which are a little darker
than in the female. Antennae much longer than in the female,
15-jointed, third joint not incised; abdomen small, slender, shiny,
the first segment equal in length to all the others.

The gall of this species is described as being globular, mono-
thalamous, on the petioles and leaves of Quercus alba; it is
thin-walled, 4 mm. in diameter, green or purplish, and pubescent,
sometimes entirely preventing the development of the leaf and
appearing on the end of the short petiole. It is sometimes found
on the end of a vein of a partially developed leaf, and more
rarely surrounded by the lamina of the leaf. In the last case it
appears ©n both sides of the leaf, but is most prominent above.
It contains no larval cell. In size and in structure it resembles
A. vesicula, found on the same oak, but several weeks later.
This species is said to be often quite abundant in a limited space,
as in the locality where the author found it.

A. reticulatus Bassett.

Female : length 2.5 mm. ; head and thorax very dark brownish
red, approaching black ; antennae 13- jointed, the third joint hardly
longer than the two preceding combined, fourth not quite as long
as the third, fifth to twelfth subequal, thirteenth one-fourth
longer and showing in a favorable light a dark ring near the tip,
hardly distinct enough to be called a suture ; mesothorax with an
exceedingly fine reticulation and a few short scattered hairs,
parallel lines reaching half-way from the pronotum to the scutel,
these and the parapsidal grooves and the short lines over the
base of the wings present ; scutel pointed, finely rugose, its f oveae
large, shallow and smooth; legs light yellowish brown, except
the posterior pair which are much darker, claws simple; wings
hyaline, veins slender and mostly colorless, areolet present, but
indistinct, radial area open; abdomen shining yellowish brown,

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 425

lightest anteriorly, second segment so long and deep as to nearly
conceal the remaining segments.

The galls of this species are polythalamous, and occur on the
midvein of what is probably one of the dwarf varieties of Quercus
virens. The galls are prominent on both surfaces, but more so
on the under side, are almost round and (dried specimens) 6 mm.
in diameter. The dry galls are exceedingly hard, and bear a very
close resemblance to those of A. cicatricula, though the scar or
indentation invariably found in that species is wanting. The larval
cells are not separable from the solid woody fibre around them,
and they all radiate from a common centre.

A. capsulus Bassett. Oak Capsule Gall.

Female : length 2.5 mm. ; deep shining black, with the excep-
tion of the antennae, legs, and sheath of the ovipositor; head and
thorax microscopically punctate and sparsely dotted with ex-
tremely fine short hairs, parapsidal grooves converging as they
approach the scutel, a slight groove over the base of the wings,
the short parallel lines represented by a very slight depression
on each side of the rather prominent dorsal ridge, but these last
so obscure as to easily escape notice, the scutel wrinkled rather
thaa punctate and without foveas; antennae 13- jointed, first and
second joints rugose, thirteenth as long as the eleventh and
twelfth together and with a connate suture, amber colored, in-
clining to brown; coxas and trochanters black or blackish brown,
femora and tibiae clear shining dark brown, paler at the joints,
tarsi pale cinnamon brown, claws black; wings hyaline, veins
pale brown, fading in the smaller ones to hyaline, areolet indis-
tinct, radial area open; abdomen with its first segment equal in
length to all the others taken together, the sheath of the ovipositor
dark translucent brown, and not turned up at its extremity. Male :
smaller, darker, and with a laterally compressed abdomen.

The galls are monothalamous, on slender pedicels on the
margins of the leaves of Quercus bicolor, rarely more than one
on a leaf, the pedicels from 12.5 to 18 mm. long; the galls them-
selves are 9 mm. long and 3 mm. in diameter, oval, and resemble
very closely the capsules of certain mosses ; the surface is rough,
and with the pedicel finely pilose or rather pubescent ; the pedicel
is usually but not invariably the extension of a lateral leaf vein ;
the whole is of the color of the under side of the leaves of this

426 Connecticut:' geol. and nat. hist, survey. [Bull.

species of oak. Most of the leaves which bear the galls are fully
developed, but some are more or less imperfect and occasionally
a gall is found on what is but a mere rudiment of a leaf. The
galls appear with the leaves and the insects come out early in
June. This little gall is a true larval cell, and its thin walls offer
slight obstacles to the attacks of parasites.

A. (Callirhytis) radicis Bassett.

Length 4 mm. ; dark reddish brown ; head opaque ; face, cheeks
and vertex with short, bristle-like hairs, antennae 14- jointed, the
first joint short and thick, the second globular, length of the third
one-fourth less than that of the two preceding, the diameter of
each from the eighth to the fourteenth inclusive equal to thdr
length, the last forming a very blunt cone, color of the antennae
dark reddish brown, changing gradually to a dark dusky br«wn
toward the apex; thorax black, the punctuation fine, regular and
even, parapsidal grooves extending throughout, shining lines over
the base of the wings, a narrow but distinct median line from the
pronotum to the scutel, and two parallel lines one on each side
of the median line and in close proximity thereto, reaching half-
way from the pronotum to the scutel, which latter is irregularly
wrinkled, its fovese round and shiny ; abdomen dark reddish brown
with brown translucent edges ; second segment very long and
with a dense band of yellowish white hairs on the anterior mar-
gin, the third segment mostly, and the remaining ones quite
concealed; legs with trochanters black, the remaining joints very
dark cinnamon brown, claws black, simple; wings hyaline, prin-
cipal veins pale brown, others colorless, radial area present, the
angle of the first transverse vein projecting sharply into the basal
portion, areolet and the lateral veins bounding it entirely colorless.

Said to be an agamous form of A. futilis euroterus Osten
Sacken. The author of this species under his original description
writes that those taken in the act of ovipositing were in all
respects like these described, except that the color of the antennae,
legs, and wings was a trifle darker — owing, no doubt, to the fact
that these were exposed to the sunlight while the g>thers were not.
The females reared from futilis galls one season were 2.5 mm. in
length, with wings of the same length as the body, and 13-jointed
antennae, nearly 2 mm. in length with a partial suture on one side

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 427

of the terminal joint, also with the median line on the thorax en-
tirely wanting ; the head less hairy but with a few scattered hairs
on the thorax and on the side of the second abdominal segment.
The galls of this species are blister-like swellings in the
smooth bark of the roots of young white oak trees {Qiiercus
alba), completely covering the roots in some places for the dis;
tance of two feet or more from the tree.

A. (C.) pulcher Bassett.

Female : length 2 mm. ; head and thorax black, and evenly

punctate, except the scutellum, which is evenly rugose ; antennae

14-jointed, the second oval, third one-fourth longer than the two

preceding taken together, remaining joints gradually shorter, all

connate, but alike distinct, and with a yellowish, almost metallic

hue, cheeks grooved; mesothorax rounded, median line a slight

depression, but punctate like the rest of the surface, parallel lines

rather broad, shallow and polished, parapsidal furrows very fine

and extending throughout, lines over the base of the wings

present but indistinct, scutel evenly rugose, foveae near together

and rather deep and ovally elongate ; legs very dark brown, claws

simple; wings hyaline, veins colorless, except the subcostal and

transverse, which are dark but not black, areolet wanting, radial

area open. Male; antennae 15-jointed, the first joint black, the

second ovate, the third longer than the first two and slightly

curved and incised, all except the first with the yellowish

metallic hue noticed in the female ; legs lighter than those of the

female, the posterior pair darkest ; the antennae somewhat longer

and the abdomen, smaller as usual in this sex.

The galls of this species occur on the aments of Quercus tinc-
toria, also Q. rubra measuring when dry, shrunken and shriveled,
from 2.5 to 4 mm. in diameter. They are polythalamous, each gall
producing ft)ur or five insects. The interior of the gall is of a
very loose spongy texture and the outside thin and papery and
green like the leaves. When fresh they are round and of the
size of a common red currant. They differ from the galls of
Dryophanta palustris Osten Sacken, which are sometimes found
on the aments of Quercus ilicifolia, in the thin and smooth
shell, and in being polythalamous. Flies of both sexes appear in
May.

Q

428 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

*A. (C.) similis Bassett. Scrub Oak Club Gall.

Female: length 3 mm.; head and thorax bright brownish
red ; abdomen red except the dorsal portion of the middle segment
which is nearly black; vertex finely sculptured, face pubescent,
the hairs converging toward the mouth, antennae 13-jointed, the
apical joint nearly as long as the two next preceding, with occa-
sionally an obscure suture making it appear as though the antennae
were 14-jointed ; thorax coarsely punctate, pubescent and a shade
darker than the head, dorsulum with three faint longitudinal lines
extending from the pronotum to the scutel, and two additional
lines, one on each side of the median line and extending from
the pronotum half-way to the scutel, furthermore with an obscure
line on the dorsulum close to the insertion of the wings, scutel
sculptured, its base provided with pits which are smooth ; pleurae
with the central portion longitudinally striate ; the legs uniformly
brownish red, except the tips of the tarsi, which are black ; wings
rather whitish, the subcostal, anal, first and second transverse
veins very pale yellow, the other veins colorless, the posterior
side of the radial area not bounded by a vein, cubitus and areolet
obsolete; the terminal segments of the abdomen withdrawn
into the others in museum specimens, the sheath of the ovipositor
turned abruptly upward but not extending above the back of the
abdomen. Male : length 2 mm. ; head and thorax black, antennae
15-jointed, first and second joints nearly black, the remaining
ones red ; legs with the middle pair dark reddish brown, the pos-
terior pair nearly black though still dark brown, lighter at the
articulations than elsewhere ; abdomen black and shining.

The galte of this species occur on the ends of the small limbs
of Quercus ilicifolia. They are club-shaped, woolly, with a blunt
apex, generally turned to one side, covered in summer with a
few leaves, and usually contain one larva, though occasionally two
or three larvae. This species is closely related, both in the gall and
in the insect itself, to A. (C.) tuber Fitch. Another species of
oak on which it is said to occur is Q. tinctoria.

The type locality is Waterbury.
*A. (C.) scitulus Bassett.

Femaile : length 2.2 mm. ; mostly black ; vertex subrugose, sides
of the head and the face sometimes a very dark brown ; thorax
regularly punctate, parapsidal grooves present, two parallel lines

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 429

in certain lights to be seen lying between the parapsidal grooves
and the median line or longitudinal depression, a deep groove
over the dorsulum near the insertion of the wings, scutel regu-
larly sculptured, without basal tips ; legs shining, yellowish brown,
middle of the femur and tibia darker than the same joints at
their articulations with each other, tips of tarsi black; wings
hyaline, first transverse and radial veins dark brown, the other
veins pale but distinct, areolet present at the base of the open
radial area. Male: very like the female in color and markings,
but the antennas are mostly amber color, except the terminal
joints, which are light brown. As a rule the antennae are
i6-jointed.

The galls of this species grow upon the green twigs of Quer-
cus tinctoria, sometimes causing simply an enlargement of the
part affected, again entirely checking the growth of the affected
part and being covered with leaves. These galls are from i8 to
37 mm. long and rather more than 12 mm. in diameter at the base ;
they are woody, tuber-like, and taper to a point.

The type locality of this species is Waterbury.

A. (C.) operator Osten Sacken.

Female: head yellowish red, especially beneath, antennae 12-
jointed, the joints beyond the third subequal, the third joint the
longest, except the apical joint, which is a little longer than the
third and seemingly partially subdivided into three joints ; thorax
reddish, indistinctly sculptured, parapsidal grooves extending
from the pronotum to the scutel, these grooves delicately im-
pressed but still distinct, in addition on the dorsulum four grooves
as follows : one on each side between the preceding and the bases
of the wings, and indications of one on each side between the
parapsidal grooves and running from the pronotum to the middle
of the dorsulum ; scutel roughened and provided with basal pits ;
legs pale reddish, except the claws, hind tibiae, and the bases of
the hind tarsi, all of which are brown; wings hyaline, quite
transparent, areolet wanting, subcostal, first and second trans-
verse veins distinct and pale yellowish, the terminal portion of
the subcostal vein wanting, the radial vein and end of cubitus
pale and indistinct, that portion of the cubitus which usually
extends from the first to the second transverse vein entirely
wanting in this species, anal vein nearly obsolete. Male : differ-

430

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT^ HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

ing from the female as follows: antenn?s 14-jointed, the third
joint distinctly incised beneath, the fourth and following joints
nearly equal to one another in length and only slightly shorter
than the third, the remaining joints successively diminishing in
length toward the tip of the antennae.

The gall of this species occurs on the blackjack oak {Ouercus
nigra) ; it is a rounded mass that looks like a collection of wool
with numerous seed-like bodies within, and may be fownd on
the twigs.

A. (C.) tubicola Osten Sacken,

Female : length 3 mm. ; chestnut brown, darker on the abdo-
men than elsewhere, in immature specimens the body may be
entirely reddish brown; antennae 13-jointed, the joints near the
base brownish, the remaining joints black ; thorax inconspicu-
ously pubescent; wings hyaline, subcostal and radial veins dark
brown, areolet present and triangular, second transverse vein
angular, the portion of the cubital vein anterior to the areolet
indistinct ; legs mostly yellowish brown, tips of the tarsi black.

The gall of this species is a perpendicular tube about i mm.
in length, slightly contracted at the attached end and open at
the opposite end, yellowish, covered on its exterior with numer-
ous red spines. It occurs in clusters on Quercus obtusiloba.

A. (C.) seminator Harris. Oak Seed Gall.

Length 2.5 mm. ; almost black, highly polished, especially on
the abdomen and at the mouth ; antennae and legs reddish or ferru-
ginous.

Tke gall of this species occurs in ring-like clusters around
the smaller twigs of the white oak (Quercus alba). The galls
are rough, reddish, sometimes as large as a walnut, when fully
developed somewhat like a dried sponge in texture, with many
egg-shaped, yellowish white, thin, tough cells within that are
nearly 3 mm. long.

New Haven, 5 June, 1906 (A. F. Hawes) ; Wallingford, 9
June, 1908 (B. H. W.).

*A. (C.) tuberosus Bassett.

Female: length nearly 2 mm. ; antennae 13-jointed, pale brown
except toward the apex where they become rather dusky, first
and second joints globular ; legs pale brown and more uniformly

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 43 1

colored than in the male ; wings somewhat shorter than in the
male; abdomen petiolate. Male: length 1.5 mm.; black; antennae
15-jointed, first and second joints ovate, the former dark brown
at base, paler beyond, second and six or seven following joints
yellowish brown, remaining joints dusky, third joint curved but
not excised ; head punctate ; thorax obscurely wrinkled, pleurae
striate, parapsidal grooves distinct though delicate, scutel finely
rugose and provided with f ov.eae ; legs brownish yellow ; wings
hyaline, veins pale, areolet distinct, cubitus extending to the first
transverse vein, radial area open ; abdomen petiolate.

In this species the galls reach maturity in June, and occur on
the young shoots of Quercus ilicifolia, which are checked in their
terminal growth; they are woody, polythalamous, and at most
grow to be 15 mm. long and 6 mm. in diameter.

The type locality of this species is Waterbury.

*A. (C.) punctatus Bassett. Oak Knot Gall.

Female : length nearly 4 mm. ; head and thorax black ; face
pubescent, palpi light brown, tips darker, antennae reddish at the
base, becoming dull dark brown beyond, 14-jointed ; thorax punc-
tate, parapsidal grooves converging toward the scutel, in addi-
tion to these a median longitudinal line on the dorsulum, and on
each side of this latter a line extending from the pronotum to the
scutel, finally two depressions or grooves, one over the base of
the wings, scutel with coarse, irregular punctures ; legs reddish
brown, except the coxae and tips of the tarsi, which are dark
brown or black ; wings hyaline, their veins brown, areolet present,
radial area open; abdomen black above, reddish brown beneath,
and with the exception of the first segment mii]utely punctate,
second segment with a few hairs on the lower half.

The gall of this species is a rather smooth, club-shaped, woody
knot, 100 mm. long, 37 mm. in diameter at the upper and largest
end, and completely encircling branches as much as 12.5 mm. in
diameter. It occurs on red, black, scarlet and scrub oaks.

The type locality is Waterbury. Orange, 9 January, 1914 (B.
H. W.) ; Bloomfield, January', Lyme, March, Stonington, June,
1914 (I. W. Davis) ; New Haven, 19 March, 1915 (W. E. B.).

*A. (C.) singularis Bassett. Small Oak Apple.
Female : length nearly 4 mm. ; head black and rugose, mouth
parts dark brown, antennae 13-jointed with, in some specimens, a

432 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

rather distinct indication of an additional joint, antennae slightly
dusky yellow ; thorax black, sparsely pubescent, coarsely punc-
tate or pitted, with three distinct longitudinal grooves above;
wings dusky throughout but not clouded and with dark reddish
brown veins that disappear before reaching the margin, areolet
equiangular ; legs with the anterior pair as well as the middle pair
dusky yellow, the posterior pair dusky brown ; abdomen red, of a
dull brick red color, after having been in alcohol, its second seg-
ment with a few scattered hairs beneath the wings, and a little less
than half the length of the whole abdomen, the remaining segments
microscopically punctate. Male : somewhat smaller than the female,
otherwise differing as follows: antennae approximately 3 mm.
long or equal to the length of the body, and darker than in the
female, composed of 16 more or less distinct joints; legs dark
brown, posterior pair nearly black, all shining; abdomen black
and shining, reddish beneath, second segment partially covering
the succeeding one.

There is some question as to whether the above described
male belongs to this species or not; both sexes, however, were
bred at the same time from similar galls on the leaves of
Qurcus rubra, the red oak.

The type locality of this species is Waterbury, 10 July.

*A. (C.) saccularis Bassett.

Length 2.5 mm. ; head black, vertex rugose, face with white
hairs; antennae 15-jointed, reddish brown at the base, dusky
brown at the tip, first joint cup-shaped, second globular, third
twice as long as the first and second combined, fourth and
remaining joints each half as long as the third; thorax black,
mesothorax coarsely wfinkled, dorsulum with entire parapsidal
grooves that are rather indistinct anteriorly, two parallel lines
extending half-way to the scutel, and a line over the base
of the wings, these latter nearly uniting with the parapsidal
grooves anteriorly, scutel wrinkled, with f oveae ; posterior legs
dark reddish brown, lighter at the joints than elsewhere, anterior
legs lighter, claws simple ; wings with slightly fuscous membrane
and uniformly dark smoky brown veins, areolet present, cubitus
reaching to the first transverse vein, radial area open ; abdomen*
shining black.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 433

Gall hemispherical, pouch-like, the largest not more than 4.5
mm. in diameter, attached by its base to the under side of the
leaves of Quercus coccinea.

*A. (C.) pustulatoides Bassett.

Female : length 2.5 mm. ; head and thorax dark brownish red,
almost black; antennae 13-jointed, third joint hardly longer than
the first and second combined, fourth not quite as long as the
third, fifth to twelfth subequal, thirteenth one-fourth longer than
the preceding and with a suggestion of a suture near the tip ;
mesothorax reticulated and with some scattered hairs, parapsidal
grooves present, in addition on the dorsulum parallel lines extend-
ing half-way from the pronotum to the scutel and lines over
the base of the wings, scutel pointed, finely roughened and with
smooth shallow foveae; anterior and middle legs light yellowish
brown, posterior pair much darker, claws simple; wings hyaline,
veins mostly colorless, areolet present but indistinct, radial area
open ; abdomen shining yellowish brown, lightest anteriorly, the
second segment nearly concealing the remaining ones.

This species gives rise to blister-like galls on the points of
the acute lobes of the leaves of Quercus coccinea. Each gall is
ovate-acuminate, 8.5 mm. in diameter, sometimes slightly de-
pressed above, with thin walls enclosing a free, oblong-oval, thin-
walled, larval cell, the length of which is at least twice its diam-
eter, of the same color as the leaf and tipped with a long hair-
like point.

The type locality is Waterbury.
*A. (C.) futilis Osten Sacken. A. papillatus Osten Sacken.
Oak Wart Gall.

Length 1.5 mm.; mostly black; mouth slightly reddish, palpi,
antennae and legs mostly yellow, coxae blackish at base, posterior
femora slightly infuscated above; thorax smooth, indistinctly
aciculated, scutel somewhat punctate ; wings clear, veins brown-
ish yellow, areolet present, cubitus mostly distinct, obsolescent
only at its base; antennae 15-jointed, third joint a little longer
than the following joints, all of which are nearly equal to one
another in length ; abdomen shining, the second segment longest
and covering nearly all of the succeeding segments.

This is said to be one of the most common gall insects in

Connecticut. Its galls are rounded and project from both sides
28

434 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

of the leaves of the white oak (Quercus alba). The specimens
described as A. papillatus were reared from galls on the leaves
of the chestnut oak {Quercus prinus).

The type locality is Waterbury.
*A. (C.) ceropteroides Bassett.
|i Female : length 2 mm. ; head shining blackish brown, with

minute hairs, vertex finely wrinkled; antennas 13- jointed, first
and second joints nearly equal ^ in size, the third one-fourth
shorter than the first and second combined, the fourth nearly as
long as the third, the following nearly equal to one another in
length, all dull brownish red, darkest toward the apex; thorax
black, shining, evenly transversely wrinkled, pleurae and pronotum
punctate, parapsidal grooves converging from the pronotum to
the scutel, between the parapsidal grooves two parallel lines
extending half-way between the pronotum and th€ scutel, in
addition on the dorsulum a line over the base of each wing, these
lines all rather indistinct, scutel smoother than the mesonotum,
foveae present; legs dark brown; wings hyaline, veins seemingly
wanting; abdomen brown, smooth and shining.

The galls of this species appear at the base of the annual
growths of the shoots of Quercus tinctoria.

The type locality for this gall-fly is Crescent Beach, Bran-
ford.

A. (C.) clavula Osten Sacken. White Oak Club Gall.
According to Bassett this species produces the gall described
by Fitch as Cynips quercus-arhos (see Ceroptres tuber).

The galls of this species occur on white oak {Quercus alba).

Solenozopheria Ashmead.

S. vaccinii Ashmead. Huckleberry Gall.

Female: length 2 mm.; pale yellowish brown; minutely
wrinkled but shining; antennae 12-jointed, gradually and slightly
thickened toward tips, the terminal two-thirds infuscated; dor-
sulum with parapsidal grooves that are more distinct posteriorly
than anteriorly, scutel convex, with a curved depression at base,
finely rugoso-punctate ; tibiae and posterior femora infuscated
with a darker shade of brown on their upper edges; wings hya-
line, radial area open, cubitus obsolete, veins pale brown, the
first transverse vein margined with a faint yellowish stain, a

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 435

slight yellowish stain in the break in the second longitudinal
vein, and the areolet and base of the radial cells all inclosed in
this yellowish stain or cloud ; abdomen with the terminal seg-
ments brown.

The galls of this species are irregular, kidney-shaped, 4)ithy,
occur on the stems of huckleberry (Vaccinum), and range in
diameter from 12 mm. to less and in length from 12 to 25 mm.
or more.

Stonington, March, 1906 (W. E. B.).

Diastrophus Hartig.

D. cuscutaeformis Osten Sacken. Blackberry Seed Gall.
PI. vi, Fig. I.

Body mostly dark brown or black ; antennae reddish, 14-jointed
in the female and seemingly 15-jointed in the male; legs red-
dish ; areolet wanting ; wings mostly hyaline, with a brown cloud
near the anterior margin on the angle formed by the second trans-
verse vein and the tip of the subcostal vein.

The individual galls of this species are round, spherical, hollow
bodies about the size of small peas, and bristling with spines. They
are very characteristically massed together, the masses com-
pletely encircling the stem or branch of the blackberry on which
they occur.

Has been found in Hartford, April, 1901 (L. F. Colton),
Stonington, 1907 (B. H. W.), and Mystic, 12, 14 March, 191 5
(I. W. Davis) ; and no doubt occurs all over the state on black-
berry, especially Rubus villosus. Torymus, Ormyrus, Tetrasti-
chus and Enryioma diastrophi have all been bred from galls of
this species.

D. nebulosus Osten Sacken. Blackberry Knot Gall. PI. vi,
Fig. 2.

Female 2.5 mm. long; male 2 mm. long; pitch-black, smooth
and polished above, antennas reddish, 13- jointed in the female
and 14-jointed in the male ; legs reddish ; wings hyaline, areolet
distinct, second transverse vein and tip of subcostal vein slightly
clouded.

The galls of this species are rather cylindrical swellings with
an uneven surface, occurring on blackberry stems. The cells con-
tained within the gall are surrounded by a homogeneous struc-
ture that becomes very hard when dry. These swellings, which

436 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

encircle the twigs or stems on which they occur, are from 25 to
75 mm. in length or even longer.

This species no doubt occurs throughout the state especially
on Rubus villostis. Woodbridge, 13 May, 1907 (W. E. B.), Mystic,
3 March, 1915 (I. W. Davis).

*D. potentillae Bassett. Cinquefoil Axil Gall.

Female : length nearly 3 mm. ; very like the male, differing
essentially only as follows: antennae 13-jointed, ocelli arranged
as though along a straight line; legs somewhat darker. Male:
length approximately 2.7 mm. ; head black, vertex nearly smooth,
face finely scratched and with a carina extending from the vertex
to the mouth, mouth parts faintly tinged with reddish browm,
antennae 14-jointed, the first, second and third joints black, the
following joints dark cinnamon, the third joint not deeply incised ;
thorax black, pronotum hairy, mesothorax shining, parapsidal
grooves originating at the pronotum and converging toward the
scutel, the space between these two parapsidal grooves nearly
smooth and hairless and with faint longitudinal grooves, scutel
sculptured and with basal pits, when viewed laterally appearing as
a cone the axis of which is at an angle of 45° to the axis of the
body; legs very dark brown or black, coxse black, femora and
tibiae yellowish brown above, tips of tarsi black or nearly
black ; pleurae very finely scratched ; wings pale dusky, veins dis-
tinct but not extending to the margin of the wings, the vein
forming the base of the radial area with a heavy brown blotch,
first transverse vein reddish brown, areolet present, radial area
opeH, cubitus disappearing before attaining the first transverse
vein; abdomen petiolate, perfectly smooth and shining black, the
second and third segments connate.

The galls of this species occur on Potentilla canadensis and
have the following characteristics: about 7.5 to 15 mm. in diam-
eter, rather longer than thick, growing in the axilis of the leaves,
of a soft spongy consistency when dry, and with a single cell
inside that is not free from the surrounding substance.

Type locality: Waterbury.
*D. similis Bassett.

Female: length 3 mm.; head black, vertex finely roughened,
ocelli nearly arranged as though along a straight line, face rough-
ened and carinate, mandibles black; antennae 13-jointed, second
joint half as long as the first, third to twelfth joints inclusive

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 437

equal to one another in length, the terminal joint one-third longer
than the preceding and with a faint trace of a suture encircling
the same, the head posteriorly hairy ; thorax black and shining,
finely sculptured, parapsidal grooves smooth and strongly con-
vergent at the scutel, which latter is unevenly rugose and provided
with fovese separated by a smooth ridge ; legs uniformly reddish
brown except the claws which are black, the middle of the pos-
terior side of the hindmost legs with a dense tuft of hair much
longer than in the other legs ; wings hyaline, veins pale yellowish
brown, areolet as well as the dark spot that usually represents the
same wanting, cubitus reaching only half-way to the first trans-
verse vein, radial area open ; abdomen black and shining, first,
second and third segments above subequal, the first segment with
a round dense tuft of hair on the side, sheath of the ovipositor
not exserted.

The galls of this species occur on Nepeta glechoma, and are
either simple or compound, appearing on the leaves, petioles or
stems ; the simple ones are round, vary in size from 3 to 18 mm.
in diameter, and contain from i to 6 or more larval cells; the
compound galls are irregular in size and form and have two
or more distinct clusters of cells within them.

The specimens from which this species was first described
were cut from the galls 23 October, 1879, presumably from galls
taken in the vicinity of Waterbury. The insects thus found were
living, which seems to indicate that this species passes the winter
in the galls.

The type locality of this species is probably Waterbury.

*D. radicum Bassett. Raspberry Root Gall.
Female : length nearly 3 mm. ; head black and smooth, face
with hairs that converge toward the mouth; antennse 13-jointed,
the joints distinct, hairy and nearly equal to one another in length,
brownish yellow and not shining; mesonotum shining black and
smooth, with parapsidal grooves, two median lines, and a short
line on each side over the base of each anterior wing, scutel
black, rather regularly grooved and ridged, foveate, the foveas
finely rugose ; wings somewhat dusky, veins dark red, areolet
distinct, radial area open, the second transverse vein extending
along the margin of the wing one-third the length of the area,
radial vein thickened at the margin of the wing and usually with

438 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

a branch springing therefrom along the margin of the radial
area, showing a tendency toward a closing at the radial area;
legs 'clear and dark amber color, base of trochanters and middle
of femora and tibiae shining brown; abdomen mostly black,
smooth, and with the ventral sheath clear shining brown. Male :
smaller' than the female and essentially different otherwise as
follows: antenna 14-jointed, third joint deeply incised, the
antennse and the legs slightly darker than in the female, length

2.2 mm.

The galls of this species are to be found on the roots of
Rubus villosus and have the following characteristics: shape
irregular, size ranging from that of the pea to 50 mm. or more
in length and nearly 25 mm. in diameter, few or many larvae
within according to size. Sometimes the galJs are present on the
portion of the stalk which is below the ground.

The type locality for this species is Connecticut.

*D. minimus Bassett.

Female: length 1.5 mm.; mostly black; antennse 13-jointed,
first and second ovate, the third straight, the following joints
uniform in length ; thorax smooth and shining, parapsidal grooves
closely converging toward the scutel, which latter has a finely and
regularly rugose surface and a shining fovea; wings faintly
dusky, veins very dark and distinct, areolet subobsolete, cubitus
reaching the first transverse vein, radial area open, second trans-
verse vein especially dark and distinct; legs pale reddish brown;
abdomen smooth and shining. Male: length 1.2 mm.; antennae
14-jointed ; legs rather lighter yellowish brown than in the female,
in nearly all other particulars like the female.

The galls of this species occur as globular or oval blisters
arising abruptly between the nodes of the stems of Potentilla,
are often more than 1.5 mm. in diameter, are dark, smooth, and
contain one or two larval cells.

Connecticut is probably the type locality of this insect.

D. bassetti Beutenmiiller.

Male: length 4 mm.; body jet-black, shining; head with a
number of shallow punctures from each of which grows a yellow-
ish hair, mouth-parts pitchy brown, antennae testaceous, 13-jointed
the first joint much thicker at the apex than at the base, second
joint almost globular and nearly half as long as the first, which

No. 22.] ' HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 439

latter is shorter than the third, which in turn becomes slightly
thicker toward its apex, fourth to sixth joints about the same
in size and shorter than the third, the remaining joints somewhat
smaller but uniform in size, apical joint rosebud-shaped, antennae
sparingly covered with yellowish hair; thorax smooth and shin-
ing, parapsidal grooves present, scutel less shining than the rest
of the thorax and deeply corrugated in much the same manner
as the sides and extreme anterior portion of the thorax ; legs
testaceous.

The galls of this species occur on the stems of wild dew-
berry, Rubus villosus (canadensis). New Haven, 9 May, 1907
(B. H. W.).

D. niger Bassett.

Female : length 2 mm. ; entirely black and shining ; head finely
punctate, antennae 13- jointed, first and second joints reddish
brown, all except the second of equal length ; thorax smooth and
shining, dorsulum with only the parapsidal grooves present and
bounded behind by a sharp transverse ridge, scutel rugose, hardly
bifoveate though there is a scarcely discernible line dividing the
large shining basal pit; legs brown; wings hyaline, veins dark,
first and second transverse veins distinct, radial area open and
with a dark cloud at its base, areolet wanting, cubitus distinct
and thickest where it joins the first transverse vein ; abdomen
shining black, the sheath of the ovipositor translucent brown.

The galls occur on Potentilla canadensis, differ greatly in
form and size, the smallest being round or oval and not larger
than the smallest pepper seed, and containing not more than one
or two larval cells, the largest being 25 mm. long and 6 mm. in
diameter, involving the whole stem, and containing a dozen
or more larval cells. When the large galls include a joint of
the plant the former is enlarged with the rest of the plant but the
axillary buds are not affected.

D. turgidus Bassett.

Female : length 3 mm. ; head black and shining, antennae red-
dish brown, 13- jointed, the joints nearly equal in length, the
upper portion of the face roughened, the lower portion with fine
grooves converging toward the mouth ; mesothorax smooth and
shining black, parapsidal grooves present, the lines between the
latter to be seen only in a favorable light, faint linear depres-

440 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

sions, one on each side, over the bases of the anterior wings, scutel
finely wrinkled and with deep smooth f oveae, pleurae finely striate ;
wings dusky, veins distinct, areolet sometimes obsolete, radial
area open, radial vein reaching to the first transverse vein, second
transverse vein spreading out at the base of the radial area into
a dark reddish brown cloud ; legs dark amber color, except the
trochanters and the middle of the femora and tibiae, all of which
are clear dark brown ; abdomen black and smooth, but with the
ventral sheath reddish brown. What is believed to be the male
of this species has the legs darker, the antennae 14-jointed and
the third joint deeply incised.

The gall is 25 mm. long, 18 mm. thick, and occurs as an
abrupt swelling involving the whole circumference of the stalk
of Rubus strigosus. The gall is pecked by birds and the legiti-
mate inmates of the gall are attacked by many parasites.

Rhodites Hartig.

R. bicolor Harris. Spiny Rose Gall.

Thorax opaque, furrows between the parapsidal grooves
appearing as distinct ridges when viewed obliquely, scutel deeply
rugose, pleura with hardly any representation of a glossy spot
but almost uniformly sculptured throughout; second transverse
vein with a light projection at about its middle in the radial area,
the veins forming the anterior angle of the areolet and the part
of the cubital vein before the areolet often subobsolete, close by
the posterior angle of the areolet a pale brown line like a stump
of a vein. Female : length nearly or exactly 4 mm. ; with a brown-
ish cloud on the radial area of the wings ; legs, except at bases of
coxae reddish ; abdomen reddish. Male : almost exactly as long
as the female, mostly black ; legs reddish, except coxae, which
are black ; wings rather clouded along the distinct veins and
with two conspicuous clouds in the apical area.

The galls of this species occur singly or in clusters of three
or four, the galls themselves are 9 to 10 mm. in diameter and
covered with spine-like processes nearly as long as the diameter
of the gall itself. It is said to be the commonest rose gall.
Stonington, 26 July, 1906 (J. A. Hyslop) ; New Haven, 24
January, 191 1 (A. B. C, B. H. W.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 44I

R. ignotus Osten Sacken. Mealy Rose Gall. PI. vi, Fig. 3.

Female : length 3.5 mm. ; legs, including coxse and abdomen,
reddish. Male : length 3 to 3.2 mm. ; mostly black, coxse and base
of femora black, rest of legs red.

New Haven, on Rosa Carolina; Woodbridge, 12 May, 1907
(W. E. B.).

R. dichlocerus Harris. Long Rose Gall.

Female : length 3.5 mm. ; mostly brownish red, antennae black,
except the first, second and third joints, which are entirely or
mostly red. Male : length 2.5 mm. ; mostly black, base of abdo-
men red.

The galls of this species are hard, woody, irregular swellings
about 50 mm. long and about 12 mm. in diameter, occurring on
the branches of Rosa Carolina.

Mystic, 6 March, 191 5 (I. W. Davis).

R. radicum Osten Sacken. Rose Root Gall.

Mostly black, abdomen sometimes brownish, first and second
joints of the antennae sometimes reddish brown, mandibles red-
dish. Female : length nearly 4 mm. ; coxse dark reddish, except
at the base, where they are black. Male : length nearly 3.5 mm. ;
coxae black.

The galls of this species are rounded, warty, smooth on the
outside, contain numerous cells that are separated by pithy
material, and occur on the roots of wild roses.

R. rosae Linnaeus. Mossy Rose Gall. PI. vi. Fig. 5.

Female : length 3-4 mm. ; mostly black, mandibles reddish ;
legs reddish, except coxae and tips of tarsi, which are black ; wings
pale brownish, with a brown cloud on the radial area and its
vicinity ; pleurae with two oblong shining areas ; abdomen reddish,
except the four last segments, which are black. Male: mostly

black.

The galls of this species are moss-like masses consisting of
hard cells covered with long and dense greenish filaments, the
cells arranged around a branch of rose or blackberry.

Westville, 1904 (W. E. B.) ; Mystic, 3 March, 1915 (I. W.
Davis).

°R. vernus Osten Sacken. Knotty Rose Gall.

Mostly black. Female : length nearly 4 mm. ; abdomen mostly
red ; legs reddish, except the bases of the coxae, which are black ;
wings tinged with brown and with a more or less distinct cloud
on the radial area and its surroundings. Male: length 2.5 to

*

442 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

nearly 3 mm. ; legs reddish, except the coxse which are black, and
the femora which are brownish; wings hyaline.

The gall of this species occurs on Rosa lucida.

R. lenticularis Bassett. Rose Lentil Gall.

Female: length 2 mm.; head black, first three joints of the
antennte dark reddish brown, the rest dull black, first and second
joints globular, third half again as long as the fourth, the latter
slightly longer than the succeeding one ; thorax black, mesonotum
not shining, parapsidal grooves distinct with only faint lines
between, pleurae shining in the middle, scutel finely wrinkled;
legs dark reddish brown ; wings subhyaline, with a faint reddish
cloud on and around the radial area, veins distinct, areolet
present. Male: with wings more nearly hyaline and without
any trace of cloudiness ; nearly as long as the female.

The galls of this species are lentil-shaped, occur in the
parenchyma of the leaves of Rosa lucida, are apparent on both
the upper and the under side of the leaf, and are from 2.5 to 4 mm.
in diameter horizontally and 2 mm. in diameter vertically. Usually
the galls are confluent, irregular in outline, sometimes single, in
some cases covering the entire leaf, while in other instances only
the right or left lobe is bedecked.

IBALIID^.
Ibalia Latreille.
The characters for this genus are the same as those given for
the family to which it belongs.

°I. ensiger Norton.

Female mostly black with reddish abdomen, ovipositor two-
thirds the length of the abdomen and concolorous with the same ;
legs black and shining, except the apical joints of the tarsi, which
are obscurely reddish ; wings hyaline, apices translucent blackish.

I. maculipennis Haldeman.

Female : 14 mm. long ; mostly yellow ; mesothorax and meta-
thorax black except two longitudinal bands above and a spot
beneath the wings; scutel yellow; apices of antennae, bases of
coxse, middle of anterior and middle femora and greater part of
posterior femora, black, posterior tibias blackish toward apex;
wings yellowish, with the apex and a central spot infuscated.

New Haven, 8 May, 191 1 (A. B. C), 24 September, 1913 (W.
E. B.), 25 May, 8 June, 1915 (M. P. Zappe) ; Lyme, 4 July, 1911
(A. B. C).

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

443

CHALCIDOIDEA.*

— J?y///>//7 somesjo^ea

Fig. 11. Phasgonophora sulcata.

NOMENCLATURE OF WING PARTS IN THE DRAWING OF
PHASGONOPHORA SULCATA.

OLD SYSTEM.

Submarginal vein .
Marginal vein .
Postmarginal vein .
Stigmal vein .

COMSTOCK-NEEDHAM SYSTEM.

Sc+R+M

Scz+Ri (ist abscissa or part)
Sca+Ri (2d abscissa or part)
r (radial cross vein)

*In the compilation of this superfamily liberal quotations have been taken from the
works of Doctors Wm. H. Ashmead and L. O. Howard. Mr. J. C. Crawford has looked over
the copy and suggested important changes that have been adopted.

444 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

1 \ / / ^r^

^i//xy?

Fig. 12. Thorax of Syntomaspis,

3-

4-

6.

ATey io Families.
Hind wings not linear, not pedunculate at base; ovipositor
issuing far in front of tip of abdomen; antennae elbowed,
and with one, two, or three ring-joints, very rarely without

ring-joints *

Hind wings linear, pedunculate at base; ovipositor usually
issuing just in front of tip of abdomen; antennae in female
most frequently terminating in a distinct fusiform or egg-
shaped, solid club, more rarely in a two-jointed club

MYMARID.^ p. 446
Tarsi 4- or 5-jointed, fore tibiae armed with a large curved

spur; antennae usually many jointed .3

Tarsi usually 4-jointed, rarely 3-jointed; very rarely heterom-
erous; fore tibiae with a delicate short straight spur;
antennae usually with few joints; antennae at most 9-jointed 15

Hind femora much swollen 4

Hind femora not greatly enlarged 5

Fore wings, when at rest, folded longitudinally; ovipositor

curved over dorsum of abdomen LEUCOSPID^ p. 528

Fore wings never folded; ovipositor not curved over dorsum

of abdomen CHALCIDID^ p. 5*6

Thorax strongly developed, much arched and deeply punctate 6

Thorax not strongly developed 7

Stigmal vein not developed; second abdominal segment en-
closing other segments EUCHARID^ p. 525

Stigmal vein developed; abdominal segments visible

PERILAMPID^ p. 524

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 445

7. Pronotum large; antennae many jointed; notauli complete.. 8
Pronotum small, frequently not visible in the middle; anten-
nae usually with few joints 9

8. Body not metallic; sides of scutel almost straight

EURYTOMID^ p. 517
Body metallic; sides of scutel curved CALLIMOMIDiE p. 512

9. Mesosternal pleurae not visible; mid legs long, saltatorial,

with a very long tibial spur 10

Mesosternal pleurae distinct; mid legs not saltatorial, first

tarsal joint not swollen 12

ID. Antennae more than 6-jointed 11

Antennas 6-jointed; marginal vein about as long as subcostal

vein SIGNIPHORID^ p. 506

11. Antennae 13-jointed; occipital margin of vertex rounded

EUPELMID.E p. 507
Antennae ii-jointed; occipital margin of vertex usually
acute ; notauli obliterated ENCYRTIDiE p. 491

12. Antennae 12- or 13-jointed 13

Antennae 8-jointed; notauli distinct; middle tibial spur

moderately long APHELINID^ p. 487

13. Antennae 12-jointed v 14

Antennae 13-jointed, with two ring-joints and three joints

to the club; occipital line incomplete

PTEROMALID.E p. 468

14. Abdomen distinctly petiolate; occipital line complete

SPALANGIID^ p. 484
Abdomen almost sessile; pronotum scarcely visible in the
middle, submarginal vein subangulate, stigmal club often

large, notauli distinct; funicle of antennae s-jointed

TRIDYMID^ p. 486

15. Tarsi 4-jointed 16

Tarsi 3-jointed; pubescence of wings arranged linearly....

TRICHOGRAMMID^ p. 449

16. Submarginal vein entire, furnished with many bristles, post-

marginal distinct; hind tibiae sometimes with two spurs. ... 17
Submarginal vein broken, postmarginal sometimes wanting;
hind tibiae with one spur; male antennae simple 19

17. Abdomen sessile or with a distinct petiole that is transverse

and smooth; notauli either absent or else represented only

by very slight impressions 18

Abdomen usually with a distinct petiole; notauli very dis-
tinct; antennae inserted below middle of face, simple in
male ELACHERTID^ p. 464

18. Hind coxae very large and strongly compressed; head semi-

globose, front deeply, sparsely punctate; antennae flabel-

late in male ELASMID.E p. 463

Hind coxae normal; postmarginal and stigmal veins rather
long; antennae often flabellate in male. .EULOPHID^ p. 460

446 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

ip. Submarginal vein either ornate or provided with two bristles;
metapleurae very small; scutel with two bristles near the

middle ENTEDONTID^ p. 455

Submarginal vein with from one to five bristles; meta-
pleurae triangular, not small; postmarginal vein usually ab-
sent; scutel with four bristles, all behind the middle, often
with two longitudinally impressed lines; abdomen sessile

TETRASTICHID.E p. 451

MYMARID^.
To this family belong some of the smallest of insects. All
of its species, so far as known, are parasites in the eggs of other

insects.

Key to Genera.

1. Tarsi 4-jointed 2

Tarsi 5-jointed 3

2. Abdomen distinctly petiolate; female with its antennal club

not jointed, but solid; marginal vein punctiform; antennae
9-jointed; marginal vein in male as in female; antennae

in male 13-jointed Polynema p. 446

Abdomen sessile or subsessile; marginal vein lengthened; an-
tennae 9-jointed in female, 12-jointed in male. .Anaphes p. 447

3. Abdomen not petiolate 4

Abdomen petiolate; antennae 9-jointed in female, lo-jointed

in male Camptotera p. 448

4. Females 5

Males 8

5. Antennae with more than eight joints 7

Antennae 8-jointed 6

6. Marginal vein long ^ Leimacis p. 448

Marginal vein short Alaptus p. 448

7. Antennae 9-jointed; marginal vein long Litus

Antennae ii-jointed; marginal vein short Gonatocerus p. 449

8. Marginal vein short 10

Marginal vein long 9

9. Antennae ii-jointed Leimacis p. 448

Antennae 13-jointed Litus

10. Antennae lo-jointed Alaptus p. 448

Antennae 13-jointed Gonatocerus p. 449

Polynema Haliday.
Cosmocoma Foerster.
°P. howardi Ashmead. Cosmocoma elegans Howard.
Male : length 0.9 mm. ; antennae distinctly longer than the
body, pedicel bulbous, much broader than the succeeding joint;

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 447

body mostly shining black; scape and pedicel brown, rest of
antennae black; all tarsi entirely light honey-yellow, except the
apical joint, which is blackish, as are the veins of the wings.
Parasitic on scale insects of the genus Kertnes.

Anaphes Haliday.

A. (Anaphoidea) conotracheli Girault.

Female: average length 0.55 mm.; differing from the male
chiefly as follows : first and second joints of antennae pale yellow ;
abdomen longer, cylindric-oval, glabrous, black, its anal segment
hairy; ovipositor slightly exserted; mouth area yellowish, the
mandibles, however, brown; antennae pubescent, not as long as
the body, first joint curved and twice as long as the second,
more slender than the corresponding joint in the male, second
and third each globate, the latter abruptly smaller, fourth colum-
nar, fifth to eighth cylindric-oval, subequal, apical joint much
longer, larger, and ovate.

Male : average length 0.48 mm. ; body black, shining ; legs
(except most of the middle of the femora, portions of the tibiae,
and tips of the tarsi, all of which are darker), apical two-thirds
of scape, and venation pale yellowish or stramineous ; antennae
and legs with whitish pubescence; head wider than the thorax
and with sparse whitish hairs, minutely striate, ocelli inconspicu-
ous, mandibles yellowish brown, falcate, bidentate at tips ; thorax
convex, longer than the head and abdomen combined, irregularly
striate, dorsum of mesothorax with a deep round fovea on each
side near the insertion of the wings; abdomen subglobate, its
dorsum hispid ; venation of wings pale, indistinct ; antennas longer
than the body, funicle filiform, hirsute, first joint curved, convex,
subreniform, second globate, third to twelfth cylindrical, sub-
equal in length, becoming gradually longer toward the apex of
the funicle, third and fourth joints thicker than the following.

Parasitic on the eggs of the plum curculio {Conotrachelus
nenuphar) .

Berlin (W. E. B.).

°A. gracilis Howard.

Female: length 0.7 mm.; antennae as long as the head and
thorax combined, fourth to eighth joints gradually increasing
in length and thickness, apical joint or club as long as the eighth

448 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

to eleventh joints combined, somewhat pointed at apex, mostly
dark brown, nearly black; antennae rather light brown, club
darker; all legs dark brown, lighter at joints, tarsi lighter; base
of abdomen yellowish ; wing veins dusky.

This is listed as a parasite of the oyster-shell scale, Lepido-
saphes ulmi (Mytilaspis pomorum).

Camptotera Foerster.

°C. clavata Provancher.

Female : length 2 mm. ; mostly black, highly polished ; antennae
and legs orange-yellow ; antennae inserted upon a frontal ledge.

Leimacis Foerster.
Limacis Dalla Torre.

°L. aspidioticola Ashmead.

Head and thorax light reddish ; head nearly as wide as the
thorax, apical joint of antennae club-shaped ; a dark spot on
thorax ^t base of each wing; wings hyaline, both fore and hind
wings ciliated from end of costal vein, no other visible veins, a
small dark reddish spot on fore wings at tip of costal vein; end
of abdomen darker brown than the thorax, two oblong brown
spots on each side of the abdomen ; legs rufo-stramineous ; ovi-
positor scarcely exserted, '

Parasitic upon Glover's scale, Lepidosaphes (Mytilaspis)
gloveri. The larvae upon hatching feed upon the eggs of the
host.

Alaptus Haliday.
°A. aleurodis Forbes.
Female : length about i mm. ; mostly black and shining ; an-
tennae as long as the body, scape arcuate, reaching to the top of
the head, and about as long as the three succeeding joints com-
bined, nearly smooth, as is also the second joint, remaining joints
densely hairy, club not jointed, as long as the three preceding
joints combined, first joint obconic, second about the same length
as the first but narrower ; abdomen alutaceous ; head and thorax
punctate ; antennae yellow ; legs mostly yellow, femora and tibiae of
the mid and hind legs black, their tarsi yellow.
Bred from Aleurodes aceris.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 449

Gonatocerus Nees.
°G. anthonomi Girault.

Female : average length 0.85 mm. ; head and thorax pitch-
black; abdomen suffused with brown, piceous along the sides
and toward apex, its basal segment lighter, front of head with a
distinct inverted V-shaped pale mark, reaching from a point on
the vertex to the lower inner margin of the eye; eye margins
pale ; thorax with an oblique longitudinal pale streak ; legs honey-
yellow, except the whole of the middle of the femora, the hind
femora, coxae, portions of the basal joint of the trochanters, and
almost, if not quite, the whole of the middle and hind tibiae,
all of which exceptions are blackish, tips of tarsi darker ; antennae
dull reddish brown, and with some black, except the scape and
pedicel, which are yellowish, partly tinged with blackish ; thorax
impunctate, faintly shagreened, about as broad as the abdomen;
the latter pointed, the first segment faintly striate and with a
round fovea at base ; wings with a purpHsh hue, venation dusky
yellowish; scape as. long as the following four joints combined;
pedicel oval, much longer than the succeeding joint, third, fourth
and fifth joints shortest, sub-equal, fifth slightly longer. Male:
length 0.81 mm.; scape longer than the following joint; other-
wise nearly as in the female.

Presumably bred from the eggs of Anthonomus quadrigibbus
in the fruit of Cratcegiis.

TRICHOGRAMMID^.
Anterior wings with regular rows of hairs ; submarginal vein
reaching the costa.

Parasitic in the eggs of the several orders of insects.

Key to Genera.

Antennae 3-, 5-, or 8-jointed Trichogramma p. 449

Antennae 7-jointed, with one ring-joint and a 4-jointed club

Lathromeris p. 451

Trichogramma Westwood.
°T. ceresarum Ashmead.

Female : length nearly i mm. ; mostly reddish yellow ; abdomen
and hind femora fuscous, fore and mid femora pale brown, tibiae
and tarsi pale, thorax triangular in front ; abdomen wider but not

29

450 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

longer than the thorax; wings hyaline, with very strong violet
reflections.

Reared from the eggs of Ceresa bubalus.

°T. intermedium Howard.

Female : somewhat smaller and not quite so dark as the male ;
in life honey-yellow; abdomen in life pale, banded transversely
with dusky; legs and antennae in life greenish olive, apical two-
fifths of tarsi fuscous. Male : length 0.55 mm. ; mostly dirty
yellow; face bright yellow, antennae slightly dusky; mesonotum
light yellowish gray, metanotum yellow ; abdomen above slightly
darker than mesonotum; all coxae dusky, hind femora slightly
dusky above, rest of legs dull yellowish; wings with a slight
cloud below submarginal vein, the nearly straight line of hairs
extending downward from tip of stigma consisting of five hairs,
the first one sometimes included in the stigmal club, leaving only
four in the row.

Reared from the eggs of Aglais milberti and (Nisoniades)
Thanaos lucilius. Other hosts are: (Danais) Anosia plexippus,
(Grapta) Polygonia interrogationis, and CEneis macounii.
°T. flavum Ashmead.

Female : length i mm. ; head wider than thorax, brownish ;
antennae 5-jointed, yellowish red, first joint longer than second
and third combined, and narrower than second ; third and fourth
joints equal in length, narrower than second, apical joint as long
as second, third and fourth combined and much wider, claviform ;
thorax and abdomen mostly bright yellow, thorax reddish where
it joins the abdomen ; first to fifth abdominal segments with some
brownish color around the spiracles; wings hyaline; legs paler,
but uniform in color, tarsi 5-jointed.

Listed as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan scale,
Lecanium hesperidum.

T. (Pentarthron) minutum Riley. T. minutissimum Pack-
ard. T. pretiosum Riley. T. odontotce Howard.

Length about 0.3 mm. ; mostly yellow ; head wider than
thorax; antennae 5-jointed, third and fourth joints in the female
forming an ovate mass which is shorter than the second joint,
fifth joint obliquely truncate, third, fourth and fifth joints in the
male forming a more or less distinct club; hairs of the wings
arranged in about fifteen lines; abdomen not as wide as the

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 45 1

thorax, but as long as the head and thorax together; in the fe-
male the sides subparallel and the apical segment suddenly nar-
rowed to a point.

Reared from eggs of Aletia argillacea and Odontota suturalis.
Other hosts are: Plusia brassicce, Heliothis arnvigera, Papilio
glaucus, (Pyrameis) Vanessa atalanta, (Limenitis) Basilarchia
ar chip pus, and (Pteronus) Pteronidea ribesi.

Lathromeris Foerster.
°L. cicadae Howard.

Female: length 0.74 mm.; antennae clavate, pedicel stouter
than the scaf>e and about half as long as the latter, club stouter
than the pedicel and as long as the scape, compact but rather
plainly divided into four subequal joints, and fusiform in shape;
stigmal vein extending into the wing at an angle of 45° from
the costa and not curved; abdomen acuminate and longer
than the head and thorax combined, mostly sordid yellowish in
color; occiput black; pronotum dusky black laterally; abdomen
dark at sides; antennae slightly dusky. Male somewhat shorter
than the female; abdomen with parallel sides and rounded at
tip ; antennae with a dark blotch at base of club.

Reared from the eggs of the seventeen-year locust or peri-
odical cicada. This parasite passes through from two to three
generations in seven to eight weeks, the egg period of its host.

TETRASTICHID^.
Key to Genera.

1. Genera differing from Hyperteles 2

Metanotum with a v-shaped median carina, more rarely with
a straight median carina; mesonotum without a median
grooved line; abdomen conically produced. Female: pro-
notum not conical; antennae lo-jointed, with two ring-
joints; abdomen two or more times longer than head and
thorax combined. Male: metanotum not punctate; abdo-
men neither cylindrical nor sculptured, its segments not
subequal, head and thorax smooth, not strongly sculptured
or closely punctate; hind wings not acutely pointed at
apex; antennae 9-jointed, with one ring-joint; wings fully
developed; abdomen much longer than the thorax. .Hjrperteles

2. Scutel with two or four furrows 3

Scutel without furrows; wings without a stigmal vein

Anozus p. 452

452 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST, SURVEY. [Bull.

3. Scutel with two furrows; scape not especially thickened;
antennae in male 9-jointed, without ring-joints, in female

lo-jointed, with two ring-joints and a 3-jointed club

Tetrastichus p. 453
Scutel with two or four furrows; antennae 8- or 9-jointed,
with one ring-joint; mesonotum without a median grooved
line; abdomen rotund, shorter than thorax but wider.
Female: pronotum not conical; head and thorax smooth
or nearly so, at most only sparsely punctate; propodeum
smooth, with a delicate median carina. Male: fully winged;
black, or at least aeneous black Syntomosphyrum p. 452

Anozus Foerster.
°A. siphonophorae Ashmead.

Female : length i mm. ; black, smooth, shining, impunctate ;
front deeply emarginate, antennae black; mesothorax broader
than long, parapsidal furrows deep, pleura blue-black; all coxae
black, trochanters, tips of femora and tibiae, and all tarsi, yellow-
ish; wings hyaline, veins pale brown, marginal vein about as
long as the submarginal, postmarginal vein absent; abdomen
sessile, ovate, yellowish at base.

Reared from plant lice of the genus Nectarophora.

Syntomosphyrum Foerster.
°S. orgyiae Ashmead.

Female : length 0.9 mm. ; mostly polished black ; scape and legs
brown ; the knees and tips of tibiae whitish, femora obfuscated in
the middle; flagel brown, pubescent, the funicular joints scarcely
longer than thick; wings hyaline, pubescent, veins light brown;
abdomen orbicular, subsessile, much shorter but a little wider
than the thorax, its segments nearly equal in length.

Reared from the white-marked tussock moth (Hemerocampa
leucostigma) .

S. esurus Riley. Cirrospilus esurus Riley.

Length 1.5 mm.; mostly dull black; joints of flagel in male
subequal in length and beset with bristles, antennae in female with
the fourth and fifth joints shorter than the second and third, the
last three joints forming a club; female antennae 8- jointed;
male antennae 9-jointed; thorax above microscopically punctate,
parapsidal grooves distinct and elevated; wings hyaline, pubes-
cent; knees, tibiae, and tarsi yellowish, the posterior tibiae some-
times dusky ; abdomen ovate, sessile.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 453

Reared from pupae of Aletia argillacea, the white-marked tus-
sock moth {Hemerocampa leucostigma) , fall web-worm Hyphan-
tria cunea, and from galls of Trypeta gibbosa on Ambrosia
artemisicE folia. It is believed to be hyperparasitic on the Asiatic
lady-bird beetle (Chilocorus similis).

Tetrastichus Haliday.
°T. modestus Howard.

Female : length i mm. ; mostly shining black, with slight
greenish reflections; smooth, without perceptible punctures;
flagel and especially the club quite hairy, antennae brown, with
whitish hairs ; mesonotum without a median longitudinal -sulcus,
submarginal vein with two bristles, veins very light brown; all
coxae, femora and tibiae dark brown, coxae and femora in some
individuals polished black, femoro-tibial articulation and tips of
all tibiae yellowish white, all tarsi yellowish white. Male differs
from female only in the longer scape, and longer, more hairy
flagel.

Reared from cocoons of Apanteles edwardsi on (Pyrameis)
Vanessa atalanta.

°T. semidiae (Packard). Eulophus semidice Packard.

Female and male: length 1.85 mm.; mostly bluish green;
antennae brown, darker in male than in female; flagel of male
with many long appressed hairs ; mesonotum with a median
impressed longitudinal line, all tibiae and tarsi honey-yellow, all
coxae dark brown, yellowish at tips, front femora dark metallic
except at tips, mid and hind femora dark brown except at tips;
abdomen in female a little longer than the thorax and about as
broad, rounding out to the third segment, which is broadest, and
thence with straight sides tapering to a point, flattened ; abdomen
of male shorter and narrower than thorax, flattened and sub-
oval.

Reared from OEneis noma var. semidea.

°T. racemariae Ash mead.

Female and male : length about 2 mm. ; mostly aeneous black,
smooth ; scape of antennae tawny yellow, flagel black ; coxae and
femora black, trochanters and a narrow annulus near bases of
tibiae piceous brown, tibiae and tarsi yellowish white; wings
hyaline, veins yellowish, postmarginal vein wanting.

454 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°T. productus Riley.

Female: average length 2.1 mm.; pedicel oval, flagel slightly
compressed, funicle joints subequal in size, club ovate, third
joint of funicle shorter than first and second, its length exceed-
ing its width but slightly; abdomen flattened dorso-ventrally, pro-
longed to an acute tip. Male: average length 1.5 mm.; scape
somewhat broader below, flagel flattened, hairy, each joint except
club with a whorl of long, slender hairs at base, funicular joints
subequal in length, rather more than twice as long as wide, head
smooth and shining black, with slight metallic reflections, flagel
brown ; pronotum and mesonotum smooth shining black, metano-
tum, pro-, meso- and metapleurse, and all coxae above, finely
punctate, shining black ; submarginal vein of front wings with a
single superior bristle behind its middle, marginal vein three times
as long as stigmal, postmarginal absent ; median impressed line of
mesonotum very distinct, metanotal carina rather distinct; all
trochanters, distal end of all femora, all tibiae and tarsi, honey-
yellow, wing veins brown; abdomen compressed laterally, sub-
acuminate.

Listed as a parasite of the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor).

°T. saundersi (Packard). Eulophus saundersi Packard.
Female : length i mm. ; differs from semidicc as follows : abdo-
men considerably shorter and thicker, scarcely longer than the
thorax; antennae much shorter, joints between the second and the
club longer than broad, brown and hairy; veins much paler, less
distinct, trochanters brown, femora brown, pale at base and
whitish at tip, tibiae and tarsi white, except tarsal joints, which
are pale brown; abdomen like the rest of the body, deep blue
with a greenish tinge, conic-ovate, tip not at all produced.

Reared from the chrysaHs of a butterfly of the genus Thecla,
presumed to be edwardsi.

°T. theclae (Packard). Eulophus theclce Packard.
Male: length 1.28 mm.; mostly dark metallic bluish black;
antennae brown, with whitish hairs ; mesonotum with a median
longitudinal sulcus, submarginal vein with two bristles; all
femora and coxae blue, all tibiae and tarsi yellowish white, last
tarsal joint dusky; abdomen broadly ovate, as long as thorax,
but broader than the same.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 455

Reared from a chrysalis of Thecla calanus.

°T. caerulescens Ashmead.

Female: length 1.5 mm,; mostly steel-blue; scape aeneous,
flagel subclavate, bfownish black, pubescent, its joints delicately
fluted, funicle 3-jointed, the first joint the longest, slightly longer
than the second, club fusiform, 3-jointed, a little longer than the
two last joints of funicle together, and stouter; tips of femora
and the tibiae and tarsi except last two joints, white, the two ter-
minal joints of tarsi fuscous, the hind tibiae toward base behind
with a brownish blotch or spot ; wings hyaline, veins pale brown,
abdomen conic-ovate, pointed at tip, a little longer than head
and thorax combined. Male: length 1.2 mm,; funicle 4-jointed;
abdomen oblong-oval, cylindric, not longer than head and thorax
together ; otherwise as in female.

Parasitic on Habrobracon gelechice, a primary parasite of
Canarsia hammondi.

T. sp.

New Haven, August, 1905 (W, E. B.). Reared from Baccha
fascipennis or Phenacoccus acericola.
°T. sp.

Reared from (Pieris) Pontia rap(E, Diastrophus cuscutcrfor-
mis, clover-flower midge {Dasyneura legumicola), Cratotechus
orgyicE, Dibrachys boucheanus. Possibly a secondary and tertiary
parasite of the white-marked tussock moth {Hetnerocampa leu-
costigma), with Cratotechus orgyicB and Dibrachys boucheanus,
respectively, as hosts.

ENTEDONTID^.
Key to Genera.

1, Notauli distinct and complete 2

Notauli incomplete, at most indicated only anteriorly. Fe-
male: abdomen sessile or subsessile, petiole, if present,
very short, ovipositor not exserted; wings with marginal
cilia, knob of stigmal vein sessile or subsessile; thorax
and scutel smooth, impunctate, antennse 8-jointed, with one
ring-joint, not tapering toward apex, joints of funicle sub-
moniliform. Male: abdomen as in female, i. e., sessile or
subsessile; wings with marginal cilia; antennae 7-jointed,

or jointed as in the female Pediobius p. 458

2. Abdomen sessile or subsessile 3

Abdomen distinctly petiolate S

456 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

3. Antenna lo-jointed, with one ring-joint, funicle 4-jointed,

club 3-jointed • • • 4

Antennse 8-jointed, with one ring-joint; wings usually with
transverse fasciae, the postmarginal vein not well devel-
oped; head wider than long; flagel short, compressed,

fusiform, the joints except the last wider than long . .

Closterocerus p. 459

4. Wings hyaline, immaculate, the front wings almost glabrous,

not very pubescent, the hairs arranged in more or less ir-
regular lines, postmarginal vein not well developed, not or
scarcely longer than the very short subsessile stigmal
vein; eyes normal; the malar space distinct; head not
wider than the thorax in the male; metanotum at most
with only a trace of a median carina, smooth and im-
punctate; abdomen conically produced, as long as or longer

than the head and thorax united Omphale p. 456

Wings banded or with fuscous maculae, postmarginal vein
short, the knot of the stigmal vein petiolate ..Astichus p. 457

5. Scutel without a median longitudinal grooved line 6

Scutel with a median longitudinal grooved line; antennae

9-jointed, the funicle 3-jointed in the females, 4-jointed

in the males Horismenus p. 458

6. Antennae 9-jointed; scutel never smooth, always punctate,

scaly-punctate or reticulate; mesothorax smooth, without
lateral carinae, metanotum with a transverse carina a little

before the apex Derostenus p. 456

Antennae lo-jointed, with a ring-joint; metanotum with lateral
carinae and a median carina Pleurotropis p. 457

Derostenus Westwood.
°D. antiopae (Packard). Rntedon antio/cp Packard. Scudder,
Butterflies of New England, PI. 89, Fig. 7.

Male : body mostly shining black ; antennas with a brown club
and funicle; scape, pedicel and ring-joints yellow; scape cylin-
drical, flagel hairy; eyes slightly emarginate, not hairy; metano-
tum yellow-brown ; scutel without a median groove ; postmarginal
vein distinct; all legs yellow except perhaps the coxae, which
have not been observed; abdomen rotund, with a yellow-brown
petiole.

Reared from (Vanessa) Euvanessa antiopa.

Omphale Haliday.
°0. (Euderus) elongatus Ashmead.

Female : length 2 mm. ; mostly bluish black, with dull metal-
lic green, scaly thorax and scutel; vertex of head transversely

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 457

acute and with the front deeply grooved, antennae dark brown,
scape pale; parapsidal grooves very distinct; tips of tibiae and
tarsi white, except the apical tarsal joints of hind legs, which are
brown ; wings hyaline, veins yellowish ; abdomen sessile.
Parasitic on Attelahus rhois.

Pleurotropis Foerster.

°P. ashmeadi Crawford.

Male : length 2 mm. ; mostly cyaneous, delicately ripple-
marked ; head broader than thorax, scape yellow except a dusky
streak above near the apex, flagel black and hairy ; thorax
slightly shorter than the abdomen ; legs mostly yellow, their
coxje and femora black ; wings hyaline, with two transparent
bands of brown, veins pale brownish, the postmarginal vein
longer than the stigmal ; abdomen pointed ovate, its second seg-
ment longest, but extending hardly to the middle of the abdo-
men, sides of the abdomen with some hairs.

This is listed as a tertiary parasite of the white-marked tus-
sock moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma) with Dibrachys bouche-
aniis as host, as a possible quaternary parasite with the latter
specie's as host, and as a quinquenary parasite of the American
tent caterpillar, (Clisiocanipa) Malacosoma arnericana.

°P. albitarsis Ash mead.

Female and male: length 1.5-2 mm.; mostly bluish black, in-
cluding antenna: ; vertex of head aeneous and scaly ; mesothorax
aeneous and scaly ; legs steel blue except tips of tarsi, which are
yellowish white ; wings hyaline, veins pale brown ; abdomen of
female pointed ovate, of male, linear.

Astichus Foerster.
°A. minutus Howard.

Male: length i mm.; mostly shining black; antennae 10-
jointed, light brown, head slightly punctate; surface of thorax
smooth and not appreciably punctate ; all femora black, light at
tips ; tibiae and tarsi yellowish.

Listed as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan scale,
Eulecanium persicce, which lives on peach trees.

I

458 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

A. tischeriae Howard.

This is probably a manuscript name. The species is para-
sitic on the trumpet leaf -miner of the apple {Tischeria mali-
foliella).

Pediobius Walker.
This genus may be found in the State.

»
Horismenus Walker.
°H. popenoei (Ashmead). Holcopelte popenoei Ashmead.
Female : length 2 mm. ; head bright cupreous, punctate, flagel
concolorous with the head, scape, except at tip, yellowish white;
thorax punctate and bright cupreous, including the coxae ; rest of
legs yellowish white; wings hyaline, veins pale, scutel delicately
.scaly; abdomen bluish black, with a faint aeneous tinge at base
in certain lights.

Parasite or secondary parasite on the trumpet leaf-miner of
the apple {Tischeria malifoliella).
°H. fraternus (Fitch).

Length : 2.5 mm. ; thorax minutely shagreened, brilliant brassy
green; submarginal vein of the anterior wings black and united
with the margin for two-thirds of its length, stigmal branch con-
spicuously notched at its apex ; abdomen above concolorous with
the thorax, its under side black.

Parasite on the white-marked tussock moth {Hemerocampa
leucostigma) .

°H. euplectri Howard.

Female : length i .8 mm. ; mostly dark metallic green ; scape
white or faintly yellowish, face shagreened, postmarginal vein
twice as long as the stigmal, veins dark brown; legs white or
faintly yellowish; abdomen oval acuminate, with first segment
smooth and shining, slightly shagreened posteriorly, succeeding
segments shagreened. Male: slightly smaller than the female;
head with a strong coppery luster, bluish beneath, scape white,
metallic blue at tip ; parapsidal grooves not continuous with the
scapular grooves ; abdomen bright metallic blue, not shagreened ;
otherwise mostly similar to the female.

Bred from Euplectnts comstocki.

No. 22.1 HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 459

Closteroccrus Westwood.

°C. cinctipennis Ashmead.

Male: length i mm.; mostly blue; antennae brownish black;
pronotum, mesonotum and scutel golden green and strongly punc-
tate ; legs brown, except trochanters, tips of tibia and tarsi,
which are pale or whitish ; wings hyaline except for a transverse
brown band across the stigmal region and another apical trans-
verse brown band.

°C. trifasciatus Westwood.

Length 1.6 mm.; black; thorax bluish green; front wings
each with two arcuate fuscous fasciae and with the apex fuscous,
or with the anterior fascia nearly obliterated ; tarsi pale at base ;
abdomen chalybeous-black.

This is a primary or a secondary parasite of the trumpet leaf-
miner of the apple (Tischeria malifoliella).

C. tricinctus Ashmead. Pleurotropis.

Male: length 1.1-5 mm.; mostly indigo-blue; vertex of head
with a black median band, antennae black; a median black band
extending from pronotum to apex of scutel ; wings hyaline, pubes-
cent, with three dusky, transverse bands, one beyond the middle,
another across the stigmal region, the third at the apical border;
tarsi pale. ♦

Reared from a Lithocolletis larva on sycamore.

Female : length nearly i mm. ; head blackish beneath, metallic
bluish with metallic greenish reflections above; thorax colored
like the head; legs mostly blackish or very dark, at least the
hind tarsi mostly yellowish, apical joints dark brown; abdomen
mostly black with bronzy reflections, ovipositor slightly exserted ;
wings mostly hyaHne, their basal half bounded by a faint, some-
what lunate, brownish mark, their basal three-quarters bounded
by a more distinct lunate brownish mark, a third lunate brown-
ish mark along the apical edge of the wings.

New Haven.

Bred 10 February, 1904, indoors. On record in Storrs Agri-
cultural Experiment Station Bulletin 45, 1906, as a parasite of
the trumpet leaf -miner of the apple (Tischeria malifoliella), lay-
ing its eggs on the surface of the mines.

460 CONNECTICUT GEOL AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

EULOPHIDJE.

Key to Genera.

1. Abdomen petlolate; antennae inserted far below middle of the

face, scape reaching no higher than ocelli; parapsidal
grooves not visible, apparently wanting, scutel without
dorsal impressed lines, posterior tibiae evidently with two

spurs • • • • ^

Abdomen sessile; antennae in female 8-jointed without a ring-
joint, or 9-jointed with a ring-joint; pedicel not longer
than wide, antennae in male 9-jointed, with a ring-joint;
head viewed from in front longer than wide; scutel with
two dorsal impressed lines or grooves .. Zagrammosoma p. 462

2. Marginal vein not three times as long as stigmal; male

antennae 3-branched, rarely simple 3

Marginal vein at least three times as long as stigmal; male
antennae simple, funicle s-jointed Sympiesis p. 461

3. Thorax not robust; flagel of female antennae not compressed-

fusiform, funicle of female black, of male with long

branches Eulophus p. 460

Thorax very robust Cratotechus p. 460

Eulophus Geoffrey.
°E. n. sp.

Parasite or secondary parasite on the trumpet leaf-miner of
the apple (Tischeria malifolielld).

°E. sp. ■
Host: (Pyrameis) Vanessa atalanta.

Cratotechus Thomson.
°C. orgyiae Fitch.

Length 3 mm. ; head brassy green ; three or four times as
wide as long, as broad as the thorax, appearing slightly notched
in front when viewed from above; antennae mostly brown, basal
joints yellow; thorax brassy green, finely shagreened, twice as
long as wide, broadest across the middle, scutel golden yellow,
with an elevated line on each side at its base ; legs mostly yellow-
ish white, their tips black; wings mostly clear, a broad glabrous
stripe extending along the inner margin of the anterior wings,
veins pale ; abdomen mostly purplish black, smooth and polished,
shorter than the thorax, basal segment above and beneath with
an apical yellow band.

Listed as a primary parasite of the white-marked tussock
moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma) .

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 461

Sympiesis Foerster.

°S. nigrifemora Ashmead. S. lithocolletidis Howard MS.
Female: length 2-3.5 nim. ; mostly blue, sometimes with a
greenish luster, more or less distinct on the head and thorax;
antennae brownish black; legs yellowish except the black or
bluish black femora, which latter may have a metallic luster,
the coxie which are blue, the apical joints of the tarsi which are
brown ; wings hyaline and more often nearly bare, veins pale
brown ; abdomen pointed ovate, slightly longer than the head
and thorax combined.

Reared from balsam leaf-miner, oak leaf-miner, and trumpet
leaf-miner of the apple {Tischeria malifoliella).

°S, tischeriae Ashmead.

Female: length a little less or more than 2 mm.; mostly
metallic bluish green, coarsely squamose, with a few hairs; head
smooth, face blue ; legs uniformly pale yellowish, except the tips
of the apical tarsal joints, which are dusky; abdomen blue, with
an aeneous to brassy tinge.

°S. quercicola Ashmead.

Female : length 2.5 mm. ; mostly blue ; antennae black ; thorax
scaly, golden green above, except the metathorax, which is blue;
legs yellowish white ; abdomen with a reddish streak on each side
beneath.

Reared from an oak leaf-miner.

°S. chenopodii Ashmead.

Similar to the preceding, from which it differs as follows:
antennae mostly black, with a metallic tinge in certain lights,
scape pale at base; thorax mostly dull metallic green, smooth
and more pubescent, metathorax aeneous : legs whitish, more
pubescent; wings more pubescent, stigmal and post-marginal
veins brown ; abdomen aeneous.

Reared from a Lithocolletis miner on Chenopodium hybridum.

°S. dolichogaster Ashmead.
Female: length 4 mm.; mostly blue, antennae dark brown;
legs mostly pale yellowish white, apical tarsal joints brown;
wings hyaline; abdomen tv/ice as long as the head and thorax
combined, acuminate.

462 CONNECTICUT GEOL AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°S. nigripes Ashmead.

Female and male : length a little more than i to nearly 2 mm. ;
mostly aeneous black ; metathorax blue, tarsi and knees dull honey-
yellow, veins black or pale.

Reared from the trumpet leaf-miner of the apple (Tischeria
malifoliella) and a Lithocolletis on soft maple.

°S. uroplatae Howard.

Male: length 2.6 mm.; mostly metallic green, yellowish be-
neath; joints of flagel distinct and somewhat flattened; pronotum
and mesonotum strongly shagreened, metanotum with a clearly
defined, delicate, straight, median carina; hind coxse coarsely
shagreened above, front femora brownish at base, the distal half
of the same honey-yellow, mid and hind femora brownish,
slightly metallic above, front tibiae and tarsi nearly white, mid
and hind tibiae and tarsi the same as the anterior in color ex-
cept a brownish tinge near base of hind tibiae ; veins of the wings
dusky ; abdomen ovate. 1

Bred from a mine of Odontata ( Uroplata) suturaUs.

Zag^ammosoma Ashmead.
Hippocephalus Ashmead.
°Z. multilineatum Ashmead.

Female: length 2.5 mm.; mostly honey-yellow; last joint of
funicle and the club of the antennae brown, head with black lines
as follows: a median one on the face below the insertion of the
antennae, two beneath the eye and one above the latter extending
transversely along the sharp edge of the vertex, two on the occi-
put; thorax above with black lines as follows: two lateral ones
extending the whole length of the dorsum of the thorax, a median
one extending from the anterior margin to the tip of the scutel ;
between the latter and the lateral lines the surface between the
anterior edge of the mesonotum and the metanotum is divided by
a line that meets its fellow at the median line; metanotum with
curved lines and a median straight line; wings hyaline, stigmal
vein black, other veins pale ; abdomen with a median longitudinal
black line from which extend about twelve curved lines of black,
six on each side.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 463

Bred from the locust Lithocolletis {Lithocolletis ornatella),
also from the trumpet leaf-miner of the apple {Tischeria mali-
foliella), of which it is either a primary or secondary parasite.

ELASMID^.

Elasmus Westwood.
Tarsi 4-jointed; posterior coxae strongly compressed; head
semiglobose; male antennae flabellate; submarginal vein not
broken, bristly, postmarginal vein distinct, parapsidal grooves
either wanting or indistinct ; abdomen petiolate, the petiole trans-
verse and smooth.

°E. nigripes Howard,

Male: length 1.5 mm.; differs from varius in size, and as
follows: scutellar spot not so vivid orange color, front coxae
black, femora and tibiae earthy yellow, with many black hairs
that are so numerous on the femora as to obscure the real color,
tarsi dusky, mid and hind coxae, femora, tibiae and tarsi nearly
black, expanse of wings 2.91 mm., greatest width of fore wing
0.27 mm.

Bred from Lithocolletis gregariella.

°E. varius Howard.

Male: length 1.75 mm.; mostly shining black; head punctate,
the impressions more separated on the face, antennae black, with
light hairs ; mesonotum covered with fine hairs and appearing as
if covered with minute overlapping scales, scutel apparently
smooth but really covered with fine wavy lines and hairy near its
base, rounded tip of metascutel orange yellow, metascutellar ap-
pendage membranous white, rest of metanotum metallic green ;
front coxae black at base, rest brownish yellow, femora black,
with a metallic luster, and with a longitudinal yellow line beneath,
tibiae yellowish, with a dusky streak above, tarsi dark fuscous,
hind coxae and femora shining black, light at joints, tibiae dirty
yellow, lined above with brown, tarsi blackish; wings 3.30 mm.
in expanse, greatest width of anterior wing 0.33 mm., veins dark
brown; abdomen acuminate, with some stiff black hairs at apex.

Hosts of this species are: Campoplex (Ameloctonus) fugiti-
vus, Apanteles hyphantrice and Meteorus xcmthocephalus.

464 CONNECTICUT GEOL AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°E. pullatus Howard.

Male: length 1.39 mm.; mostly shining black; antenna! pits
and the immediate region of the mouth parts honey-yellow ; all
coxse and femora black, except tips of femora, which are yellow-
brown ; anterior tibiae yellowish, tarsi dusky ; mid and hind tibiae
at tip yellow-brown, tarsi dark.

Possibly a parasite of the trumpet leaf-miner of the apple
( Tisch eria m alifoliella ) .

°E. atratus Howard.

Female: length 1.6 mm.; mostly black and shining; face and
vertex with punctures; antennae with joints of funicle subequal
in length and about as long as wide, club slightly flattened ; pro-
notum and mesonotum regularly scaly, with some hairs, scutel
finely shagreened and shining, pleurae and hind coxae shining,
the latter finely scratched, thorax with a faint metallic luster;
front and middle tibiae dusk}^ rather lighter at base; abdomen
smooth, rather longer than the head and thorax combined.
Male: differs from female only as follows: antennal branches
dusky and reaching to base of club.

Parasitic on Apantcles hyphantrics, A. delicatus and (Lhnneri-
um) Campoplex ( ?) validus.

°E. tischeriae Howard.

Female : differs from varins as follows : scape of antennae
light yellow; metanotum metallic green; front coxae dirty white,
tibiae and tarsi the same, mid and hind coxae nearly black, honey-
yellow at either end ; veins slightly dusky, not dark brown ; abdo-
men with its first segment metallic green, with a continuous longi-
tudinal black stripe above, rest of abdomen honey-yellow.

Bred from larvae of Tischcria solidaginifoUella.

elachertid;e

Key to Genera.

1. Abdomen with a more or less distinct petiole 2

Abdomen subsessile 4

2. Prothorax subconical 3

Prothorax acute Euplectrus p. 467

3. Posterior tibiae with two spurs; body not metallic; scutel

without dorsal lines Miotropis p. 465

Posterior tibiae with one spur; scutel with two dorsal lines;
body with at least the head metallic Elachcrtus p. 466

\

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 465

4. Body metallic, winged Cirrospilus p. 465

Body not metallic; wings short or wanting Melittobia p. 465

Melittobia Westwood.

Anthophorahia Newport.
°M. sp.

Bred from Anthophora, Osmia, Chalicodoma, Stelis, Anthi-
dium, Breynus, Hylceus, Odynerus, Vespida, Trypoxylon, Mojio-
dontomerus and Leucospis.

Miotropis Thomson.

"M. megachilis (Packard). Anthophorahia megachilis
Packard.

Female : length i mm. ; body, including antennae, mostly black-
ish brewn ; head flattened posteriorly, front rounded ovate, vertex
slightly angulated, clypeus transversely oblong, antennae 9-
jointed, club 3-jointed; thorax flattened, pronotum longer than
wide, triangular, rr>esonotum trapezoidal, scutel oblong, twice as
long as wide, postscutel transversely oblong, metanotum shorter
than wide; legs uniformly pale testaceous honey-yellow, tarsi
5-jointed; abdomen flattened, oblong ovate; ovipositor slightly
exserted.

Bred from Megachile, Ceratina, Anthophora and Monodon-
tomerus.

°M. clisiocampae Ashmead.

Female: length 1.5 mm.; mostly black, polished; scape, pedi-
cel, and first joint of funicle pale yellow, rest of flagel black:
scutel and metathorax light brown or yellowish ; wings hyaline,
stigmal and postmarginal vein equal in length ; legs, including
coxae, pale yellow ; abdomen orbicular, a little wider than the
thorax. »

Bred from (Clisiocampa) Malacosoma americana on apple.

Cirrospilus Westwood.

°C. flavicinctus Riley.

Male: length 1.3 mm.; mostly bright yellow; antennae 7-
jointed, the articulations, especially at base of pedicel, black with
a metallic blue reflection, scape as long as the three following
joints combined, ring-joints wanting, club rather longer than the
preceding joint; thorax finely scaly above, marked with black
30

466 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

with metallic blue reflections; abdomen with a yellow band.
Female: length 1.6 mm., differs from the male in having only
a mesonotal yellow spot, a narrow yellow line around inside of
eyes, and the legs yellow except hind coxse, femora above, and
tips of tarsi ; antennae mostly yellowish bi^bwn with black scape ;
thorax with a distinct bluish hue.

Bred from Bucculatrix pomifoliella, and possibly a parasite
or secondary parasite of the trumpet leaf-miner of the apple
(Tischeria malifoliella). ;

°C. niger Howard.

Female: length 1.5 mm.; mostly shining black, with black
bristles ; antennae yellowish beneath ; anterior border of prono-
tum, mesonotum and scutel finely shagreened, metanotum sculp-
tureless, with a very fine median longitudinal suture anteriorly
and a corresponding carina posteriorly ; legs, including coxae,
honey-yellow ; abdomen yellowish beneath at base, lozenge-
shaped or nearly round, as broad as, but shorter than, the thorax.

Reared from the pupae of some unknown Eulophus parasitic
on (Pyrameis) Vanessa atalanta.

Elachertus Spinola.

Elachistus Foerster.
°E. n. sp.

Parasitic on the lesser peach borer (Synanthedon pictipes).
°E. cacoeciae Howard.

Male: length 1.9 mm.; mostly shining black; face subtri-
angular, cheeks nearly straight, scape whitish beneath, dark
brown above, flagel dark brown, pubescent with whitish hairs,
mandibles light reddish brown ; mesonotal and scutellar furrows
not continuous, interrupted by the angle of the scapulae ; post-
marginal vein much longer than the stigmal ; legs yellowish
white, hind coxae slightly darker at base ; first and second dorsal
abdominal segments with a yellowish brown spot extending
nearly to the lateral edges, abdomen beneath at base light brown.
Bred from nest of Caca-cia rosaceana. Parasite of Crato-
techus orgyice.

°E. proteoteratis Howard.

Female: length 1.8 mm.; mostly dark metallic green; head
broadly oval, cheeks well rounded, scape nearly white, flagel

No. 22.] HYikiENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 467

light ochreous, mouth-parts nearly white, mandibles shining
brown at tips ; mesonotum transversely shagreened, scutel finely
coriaceous, metathoracic carina delicate; legs yellowish white,
except the hind coxse, which are brownish near the base ; abdo-
men elliptical, its petiole cylindrical, rugose, basal half of dorsum
of abdomen with a bright straw-colored blotch bounded by brown
and ending posteriorly in a straight transverse line, abdomen
beneath with a longitudinal honey-yellow stripe, wider anteriorly
than posteriorly.

Bred from larvae of Proteoteras ccsculaita.

Euplectrus Westwood.
°E. comstocki Howard. Howard, Insect Book, p. 58, Fig.
32 ; p. 58, Fig. 33 ; p. 59, Fig. 34.

Male: length 1.8 mm.; mostly black; antennae with third to
seventh joints inclusive oval, subequal in length; head smooth,
antennae ochreous ; mesonotum with many transversely elongate
punctuations and with a delicate longitudinal carina; scutel and
remainder of thorax smooth; middle tibial spur as long as first
and second tarsal joints combined; legs ochreous, veins fuscous;
abdomen with an ochreous area of varying size.

Parasitizes the cotton worm {Aletia xylina) and the fall army
worm {Laphygma frugiperda).

°E. frontalis Howard.

Female : length 2 mm. ; differs from catocalce chiefly as fol-
lows: yellow spot on the face including the bases of the an-
tennae, cheeks below this point black to the base of the mandi-
bles, pronotum punctate except at its posterior border, mesonotum
coarsely shagreened, its median carina faint, metascutel longi-
tudinally striate.

Reared from a noctuid larva on walnut.

°E. catocalae Howard.
Female and male: length 2.3 mm.; differs from comstocki
chiefly as follows : larger ; face with a yellow spot extending to
base of antennae; metascutel longitudinally striated; abdomen in
male with an ochreous blotch occupying all of the anterior half
of the dorsum, beneath yellow except at its tip; abdomen in
female above with an ochreous spot, oval in form, on the anterior
center, bounded on all sides by dark brown beneath as in the male.

468 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Bred from the larvse of a species of Catocala and from a larva
of a geometrid on birch.
°E. plath3:penae Howard.

Female: differs from comstocki chiefly as follows: length
1.67 mm.; face entirely black ; pronotum distinctly shagreened,
mesoscutel only slightly roughened, median carina distinctly
visible; legs dark honey-yellow, hind coxae quite dark at bases;
abdomen yellow above and beneath except for a narrow band
of black around the edge. Male: somewhat smaller than the
female; scape with a leaf -like expansion beneath, otherwise
similar to the female.

Bred from a larva of Plathypena scabra. Listed as an Ameri-
can parasite of a cosmoplitan insect.

PTEROMALID^.
Key to Genera.

1. Anterior femora enlarged 18

Anterior femora not enlarged 2

2. Posterior tibiae i-spurred; head very large, broad, excavated

in front, with two acute tubercles on each side Cratomus p. 483
Posterior tibiae i- or 2-spurred; head not especially large.. 3

3. Anterior edge of clypeus acutely bidentate in the middle;

marginal vein of anterior wings often thickened 4

Anterior edge of clypeus not bidentate; marginal vein not at
all or very slightly thickened; wings with the stigmal
club always quite pronounced; posterior tibiae i-spurred. ... 6

4. Anterior wings with a delicate marginal vein; abdominal

petiole punctate above, longer than wide 5

Anterior wings with a thick marginal vein; abdominal pet-
iole shorter than the posterior coxae; parapsides not dis-
tinctly defined Pachyneuron p. 481

5. Abdominal petiole longer than posterior coxae; male palpi
^ normal; head with compressed cheeks; parapsides not

plainly defined; second and third abdominal segments

very large Sphegigaster p. 483

Abdominal petiole not longer than posterior coxae; second
abdominal segment deeply emarginate; male palpi abnor-
mal; vertex of head acute in the middle; parapsides indis-
tinct Cyrtogaster p. 482

6. Antennal club not subulate 7

Antennal club subulate in female or conico-acuminate in

male; metathorax punctate, without a fold, without a
spiracular sulcus l6

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 469

7. First funicular joint of antennae rarely abruptly smaller than

the others 8

First funicular joint of female antennae abruptly smaller than
the others, funicle thick, antennae inserted almost in the
middle of the face, which is impressed with large punc-
tures; thorax above smooth, metathorax very short; ovi-
positor exserted Roptrocerus

8. Antennae inserted below the middle of the face, stigmal club

not distinct, vertex medially not acute, cheeks round, left
mandible 3-, right 4-dentate, club of male antennae black-
ish, head with narrow vertex, ocelli in female with the
posterior pair nearer the anterior one than to each other;
thorax short, metathorax with distinct lateral folds, mar-
ginal vein one and one-half times as long as the stigmal;

abdomen not rotund . .• Eutelus p. 478

Genera differing from Eutelus; head often triangular and
with prominent eyes, clypeus without an apical tooth,
but sinuate or truncate at apex; pronotum often not
at all or only slightly defined, wings with a small or me-
dium-sized stigmal club 9

9. Pronotum broad 10

Pronotum narrow; mandibles 3-dentate Psilocera p. 470

10. Head with the vertex sometimes medially acute; eyes not

hairy II

Head with cheeks bulging, vertex not acute medially, eyes
not prominent, first funicular joint of antennae longer than
pedicel; pronotum broad, sternal groove obsolete, meta-
thoracic spiracles usually large, oval; left mandible 3-den-
tate Hetroxys (Habrocytus) p. 478

11. First funicular joint large 12

First funicular joint small Pteromalus (Meraporus) p. 478

12. Metathorax with a large subglobose neck; flagel filiform;

abdomen in female ovate-acute; postmarginal vein longer

than stigmal 13

Metathorax usually with a very small neck, postmarginal vein
often shorter than stigmal, very rarely longer; abdomen
in female usually rotund 14

13. Wings entirely pubescent, neck of metathorax smooth;

cheeks concave Pteromalus (Catolaccus) p. 476

Wings not entirely pubescent, but with a large clear spot;
neck of metathorax punctate; mandibles usually 4-den-
tate, antennae often inserted below the middle of the face,
ring-joint distinct; metathorax usually punctulate and
furnished with a carina; abdomen often rotund, never pro-
duced at apex in the female Pteromalus p. 471

14. Postmarginal vein shorter than stigmal or as long as the

same ^5

•

470 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Postmarginal vein longer than stigmal, neck of metathorax

short; abdomen oval-rotund; vertex broad

Pteromalus (Psychophagus) p. 475

15. Abdomen oblong; vertex medially acute

Pteromalus (Dibrachys) p. 475
Abdomen rotund; cheeks compressed, acute; wings hyaline,

postmarginal vein shorter than stigmal

Pteromalus (CcElopisthus)

16. First funicular joint as long as the following 17

First funicular joint short; rim of metathorax with large

punctures; all coxae rufous Merisus (Micromelus) p. 479

17. Abdomen subcylindrical; third segment short Merisus p. 478

Abdomen subovate, dorsally often flattened

Merisus (Phaenacra) p. 479

18. Posterior tibiae with two spurs, wings banded, marginal

vein not thickened 21

Posterior tibiae with one spur, marginal vein of anterior wings
thickened; antennae with transverse ring-joints; body
cyaneous; stigmal vein longer than marginal; female with

antennal club stylate at apex Raphitelus p. 483

21. Eyes not hairy; anterior femora exciso-dentate, posterior

tibial spurs arcuate; wings with two transverse bands

Chiropachys p. 484
Eyes hairy, abdomen sessile, pointed; postmarginal vein
longer than marginal, stigmal one-third the length of
the marginal Epistenia p. 484

Psilocera Walker.
Metopon Walker.

°P. rufipes Ashmead.

Female: length 1.8-3 mm-; mostly dull bronzy green to bluish
black and black, closely punctate and with a whitish pubescence;
scape, pedicel, ring- joints, more or less of the first funicular
joint, and the mandibles rufous or brownish, flagel brownish
black ; metanotum with a median carina intersected at its basal
third by a transverse carina which is usually very distinct,
although sometimes nearly obsolete, the ridge of the metapleurse
bluish black; wings hyaline or sometimes with a slight fuscous
tinge, pubescent, tegulse and veins ferruginous or brownish yel-
low, the marginal vein nearly twice as long as the stigmal ; abdo-
men aeneous, ovate, compressed, much narrower than the thorax,
carinate beneath, the ventral valve yellowish and extending be-
yond the upper tip of the abdomen ; petiole rugose, fourth seg-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 47I

ment shorter than third, the following segments subequal. Male :
length 1.8-2 mm.; differs from the female chiefly as follows:
abdomen oblong, sometimes with a yellowish spot at base, second
segment about half as long as the abdomen, third segment only
half as long as the first, fourth and fifth scarcely half as long
as the third.

Bred from Chlamys plicata.

Pteromalus Swederus.

°P. puparum Linnaeus. Scudder, Butterflies of New Eng-
land, Vol. iii, PI. 89, Figs, i, 2.

Female: length 1.3-4 mm.; head a little broader than the
abdomen, transverse, greenish bronze, closely punctate, slightly
narrower behind the eyes, vertex emarginate in the middle, ocelli
equidistant from each other or nearly so, face rather flat, antennal
grooves inconspicuous, cheeks convex, slightly compressed, eyes
subovate, subconvex, clypeus emarginate at apex in the middle,
mandibles with four acute teeth, the apical one distinctly sinuate,
antennae thread-like, inserted in the middle of the face close to-
gether, brown or fuscous, scape, however, linear and yellow,
second joint oblong, third distinct, fourth a little larger than
third, fifth to tenth joints equal in width but subequal in
length, club in the form of an elongate cone; thorax slightly con-
vex above, almost smooth, with adjoining umbilicate punctures,
metanotum punctate, without a median carina but with arcuate
lateral folds, spiracles suboval, and in the spiracular suture ;
wings hyaline, subcostal cell broad, marginal vein longer than
stigmal and a little shorter than post-stigmal ; coxae green, femora
fuscous bronze, tibiae occasionally concolorous ; mesopleurae deli-
cately puncate ; abdomen ovate, flat above, convex beneath, its
sides rounded, a little shorter than the thorax, considerably
broader, its first segment dark blue and hidden. Male : differs
from female chiefly in its thinner, more pilose antennae, oblong
abdomen, which is golden above, green head, which is broader
than the thorax, and femora and tibiae which are always yellow.

This species is most beneficial, inasmuch as it may destroy as
many as ninety per cent, of the injurious common cabbage worm
or cabbage butterfly, (Pieris) Pontia rapce. It is on record as
having been bred also from the following: (Vanessa) Euvanessa

47? CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

antiopa, {C olios) Eurymus philodice, (Terias) Eurema lisa,
Agranlis vanillcc, (Grapta) Polygonia satyrtis, (Pyrameis) Van-
essa atalanta, (P.) V. cardui, (Limenitis) Basilarchia archippus,
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) ftigitivus, Aleiodes, and Microbra-
con. It has been seen ovipositing on a larva of (Endamus)
Epargyrens tityrus by C. V. Riley.

P. puparum var. vanessae Harris. Scudder, Butterflies of
New England, Vol. iii, pi. 89, Fig. 3.

Differs from puparum in being at least one-fourth larger,
and darker in color.

Listed as an American parasite of a cosmopolitan insect. Bred
from (Grapta) Polygonia interrogationis, (G.) P. comma, (Van-
essa) Euvanessa antiopa, (Pieris) Pontia monuste, Papilio
palamedes and P. thoas.
*P. verditer Norton.

Female: mostly bluish green; antennae 13- jointed, rather cla-
vate, first to fourth joints inclusive yellow, rest dark, pilose ; head
green, prothorax green, rest of thorax bluish green; coxae all
green, sometimes the middle portion of femora green, rest of legs
yellow with exception of the apical tarsal joints, which are black-
ish ; base of abdomen bluish green, its apical half purplish bronze ;
abdomen polished. Male: mostly bright green; antennae pale
yellow except at apex ; legs pale green ; abdomen with a yellow
band around the middle.

°P. nematicidus Packard. Rept. Entom. Com., U. S. Dept.
Agric, 1883, PI. xiii, Fig. 5.

Bred from Lygceonematus erichsoni. The illustration cited
above is the only descriptive matter extant concerning this species.

Listed as an American parasite of a cosmopolitan insect.
°P. cuproideus Howard.

Female: length 3.5 mm. ; mostly brownish green; scape rufous,
funicle dusky, third antennal joint as long as fourth and fifth
combined, sixth and seventh longer than third, apical joint coni-
cal, head uniformly punctate; thorax punctate like the head,
metanotum with a median longitudinal carina and two curved
lateral carinse; legs, including coxae, light honey-yellow; tegulae
darker honey-yellow ; basal two-thirds of second dorsal abdominal
segment blue or purplish, second segment occupying a little more

No. 22,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 473

than one-third of the dorsal extent of the abdomen. Male : differs
from the female in its yellowish antennae with black scape, and in
being somewhat brassy.

Reared from the white-marked tussock moth (Hemerocampa
leucostigma) .

°P. chionobas Howard.

Female : length 3 mm. ; mostly bronzy green ; clypeus biden-
tate in the middle at apex, antennae inserted somewhat below
middle of face, flagel pubescent with white hairs, scape honey-
yellow, pedicel honey-yellow beneath, eyes smooth; metanotum
with a complete median carina, its spiracles distinct, spiracular
sulcus plain, but not reaching the socket of the metathorax, neck
of metathorax punctate, border of socket smooth, with a row of
punctures over it; postmarginal vein equal in length to the stig-
mal vein; femora brown, tibiae and tarsi lighter toward tip;
abdomen smooth, ovate.

Bred from a chrysalis of (Chionobas) CEneis noma var.
semidea.

°P. archippi Howard.

Female: resembles puparum var. vaness(r in size and color,
with the following exceptions: all femora honey-yellow instead
of dark brown or metallic; median carina of metanotum faintly
indicated, spiracular sulci much curved and reaching about half-
way to the socket of the metathorax.

Bred from the chrysalis of (Danais)Anosia plexippus.

°P. gelechias Webster.

Female: length 2.5-3 mm.; club of antennae darker than in
the male; femora also darker than in the male; spine on inner
side of middle pair near apex longer than in male ; abdomen more
acutely triangular than in male ; ovipositor not exserted when not
in use, reddish brown; abdomen not fuscous at base. Male:
length 2 mm. ; head broader than thorax, antennae slightly clavate,
pubescent, second joint longer than first, fifth not as broad as
sixth, but broader than fourth, and as long as both ring- joints
combined; head closely punctate, steel-blue, antennae fuscous;
thorax longer than wide, its parapsidal furrows distinct, mid
femora with a slender spine on inner side near apex ; thorax steel-
blue, anterior and mid femora scarcely darker than tibiae, which

474 CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

are fuscous, posterior femora dusky, tarsi rather lighter than
tibiae; veins of the wings light brown, stigmal vein half as long
as marginal and less than one-fourth as long as submarginal;
abdomen smooth, shining, black at tip, cordate, sessile, and
obtusely triangular.

Listed as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan Angou-
mois grain-moth (Gelechia cerealella), from the larvse of which
the type specimens were reared.

P. (Hypopteromalus) tabacum Fitch,

Length 2.5 mm. ; mostly dark green, with a brassy reflection ;
head about three times as broad as long, finely shagreened, eyes
dull red in life, brown in death, ocelli equidistant or nearly so,
mandibles yellow, but brown at tip, 4-dentate, palpi dull white,
antennae inserted in the middle of the face, subclavate, brown ex-
cept the first joint, which is dull pale yellow, pubescent, appar-
ently 9-jointed, second joint ,the smallest, but little longer than
thick, and obconic in form, third joint three times as long and
nearly three times as thick as the preceding, and pear-shaped,
ring-joints two in number, fourth and succeeding joints nearly
equal and square in outline, apical joint about three times as long
as the one preceding it, and oval or subovate in form, rounded
at base and pointed at apex, and possibly 3-jointed; thorax
scarcely as wide as the head, three times as long as wide, parap-
sidal grooves present; legs pale wax-yellow, except the tarsi and
ends of the tibiae, which are dull white, and the posterior femora,
which are black with their tips pale yellow and the outer aspect
greenish blue, tarsi 5-jointed and dusky at tips; wings trans-
parent, veins brown or brownish ; abdomen one-third shorter than
the thorax and in life thicker than the thorax, egg-shaped, con-
vex, with its tip acute, smooth, polished, greenish black, the
middle segments each with a broad purple-black band ; abdomen
black beneath.

Listed as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan insect
Calandra oryscc.

Reared from Phlegethontius, New Haven, September, 1909
(A. L Bourne).

°P. sp.

Hosts: (Grapta) Polygonia progne and (Melitcua) Euphy-
dryas phaeton.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 475

°P. sp.

Parasitic on Ameloctoniis, Aleiodes intermedins, and Habro-

bracon gelechice.

°P. (Dibrachys) boucheanus Ratzeburg, U. S. Dept. Agric,
Div. Entomology, Bull. 5, Technical Series, 1897, p. 35, Fig. 18.
Female : length i ^4 -i H mm. ; head and thorax mostly
greenish, and as closely reticulately punctate as possible; scape
dark testaceous, rest of antennas dark brown ; legs, except coxae,
which are concolorous with thorax, mostly pale testaceous ; abdo-
men practically entirely blackish, with a greenish tinge, especially
at base above. Male flagel not twice as long as the scape ; colors
more constant than in female. In some female individuals part
of the scape is dark. The hind legs may'be more or less infus-
cated in this species.

This is at times a very abundant hyperparasite of the gipsy
moth {Porthetria dispar), the white-marked tussock moth
(Hemerocampa leucostigma), the American tent caterpillar
{Malacosoma americana), and Hyphantria. It has been bred
from species of Apanteles, {Limnermm) Campoplex ( ?) validus,
Campoplex (Anieloctonns) fugitivus, Hemiteles, (Bathythrix)
pimplce, {\Pimpla) 'Scamb^is (Iseropus) inquisitoriellius, (P.)
Scambus {Itoplectis) conquisitor, Meteorus communis, M. hy-
phantrice, Paranomalon, Microbracon, Aleiodes intermedins,
Theronia fulvescens, and possibly Spilochalcis debilis.

°P. (D.) sp.

Bred from Apanteles clisiocampce and Habrobracon gelechicB.

P. (Psychophagus) omnivorus Walker. Diglochis Foerster.

Female: length 1-1.7 mm.; greenish aeneous, partly shining;
fuscous ; legs fulvous, except coxae, which are greenish, femora,
which are mostly fuscous yellow apically, tarsi, which are pale
fulvous, and the pulvilli and claws, which are fuscous ; abdomen
mostly aeneo-cupreous, first dorsal segment rich greenish, fulves-
cent, with its apex cupreous, pale. Male: greenish, shining;
mouth fulvous, antennae mostly fulvo-fuscous, first joint fulvous,
except its apex, which is dusky ; legs, except coxae, mostly yellow,
apex of tarsi fulvous, claws and pulvilli fuscous; tegulae and
veins mostly yellow; wings hyaline; abdomen maculated with
yellow ; otherwise practically as in the male. Color variable.

476 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Bred from the American tent caterpillar {Malacosoma ameri-
cana). Stonington, June, 1913 (W. E. B.)

°P. (Catolaccus) anthonomi Ashmead. Insect Life, Vol. v,

1893, p. 185, Fig. 17.*

Female : length 2.8 mm. ; mostly blue ; head and thorax faintly
tinged with metallic green; flagel brown, scape honey-yellow;
head confluently punctate, front impressed, clypeus sinuate at
the middle; antennje 13-jointed, inserted on the middle of the
face, scape about one-half as long as the flagel, pedicel smaller
than the first joint of the flagel, joints of the flagel almost
equal in length and thickness; thorax ovoid, confluently
punctate, prothorax rounded, parapsidal grooves present only
anteriorly, metathorax two-thirds the length of the scutel,
its spiracles close to the postscutellar fold and elliptic-oval, lateral
folds complete, and a slight median carina at base; wings hya-
line, veins pale yellowish, stigmal vein two-thirds as long as the
postmarginal ; trochanters, tips of femora, tibiae and tarsi honey-
yellow, coxse and femora mostly bluish, hind coxae punctate, the
inner ridge with pubescence ; abdomen conic-ovate, about as long
as the rest of the body combined, subsessile, first, fifth, sixth, and
seventh dorsal segments about equal in length and together about
as long as the second, third, and fourth combined, second and
third together only slightly longer than the fourth. Male : length
2 mm.; golden green; scape and legs, except hind coxae and
femora, yellow, tips of hind femora also yellow ; flagel pale brown,
pubescent, pedicel smooth and dusky, joints at end of funicle
slightly longer than thick, the joints at its base one and a half
times as long as thick; abdomen oblong-oval, first and fifth seg-
ments longest, remaining segments about equal in length.

Probably parasitic upon Anthonomus signatus.
°P. (C.) cerealellae Ashmead.*

Female: length 2-2.5 mm.; mostly metallic bronzy green,
closely punctate and sparsely pubescent; scape and labial palpi
honey-yellow, rest of antennae dark fuscous ; first joint of funicle
as long as the pedicel or a little longer, following joints subequal
to the club, the apical joint a little wider at base than at apex,
at least the first and second joints of the club wider than long;
head wider than the thorax, about three and one-half times as
wide as thick antero-posteriorly, thinnest at the middle; meta-

* Habrocytus or Zatropis. according to M. W. Kurdjumov.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 477

thorax impressed on each side posteriorly, and usually with a
median carina on the middle lobe at base; wings hyaline, veins
light brown or brownish yellow ; legs metallic green, knees, tibiae,
and all except the apical joint of the tarsi honey-yellow ; abdomen
conic-ovate, usually a little longer than head and thorax com-
bined, first and second, or first, second, and third segments tinged
with cupreous, the abdominal segments subequal in length and
with some fine transverse scratches. Male : length hardly 2 mm. ;
mostly bronzy black; flagel thread-like, densely hairy; abdomen
oblong-oval, not jointed at apex, and with a yellow median spot
at base.

Bred from Sitotroga cerealella Olivier.

°P. (C.) incertus Ashmead.*

Female : length 2 mm. ; head and thorax metallic green, con-
fluently punctate and covered with rigid white hairs; flagel sub-
clavate, brown, first funicular joint longest, and about one and
one-half times as long as wide, remaining joints sub-
equal, the last very little longer than wide, club 3-jointed, a little
shorter than the funicle, its second joint longest and widest; head
a little wider than the thorax, hind ocelli nearer to the anterior
ocellus than to each other, clypeus emarginate medially; thorax
ovoid, prothorax distinct, mesonotum wider than long, with
parapsidal furrows apparent anteriorly, scutel convex, metathorax
half as long as the scutel, punctate, with a median carina at base
and oval spiracles close to the postscutellar fold, the surface
behind them depressed, with no lateral folds ; wings hyaline, veins
brownish yellow, stigmal vein clavate and about one-half the
length of the marginal, its club brown, marginal vein two-thirds
as long as the submarginal vein, the postmarginal one-half again
as long as the stigmal vein ; trochanters, apices of femora, and
tibiae and tarsi, mostly honey-yellow, hind tibiae dusky at the
middle; abdomen conic, subcompressed, bluish black, as long
as the head and thorax combined, first and third body segments
about equal in length and slightly longer than any of the others.
Male: length 11 mm.; mostly dull bluish or blue-black, sometimes
with a slight bronzy tinge on the head and thorax above, rigid
pubescence subobsolete; second abdominal segment, scape, knees,
tips of tibiae and tarsi except apical joint, honey-yellow or whitish
yellow ; flagel brown and covered with pubescence, pedicel stouter

* Habrocyius or Zatropis, according to M. W. Kurdjumov.

478 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

than, and about twice as long as the first funicular joint, the suc-
ceeding joints equal, and a little longer than thick, club pointed
apd usually not as thick as the funicle.

Bred from Anthonomiis signahis.
°P. (Meraporus) calandrae Howard.

Male: length 1.15 mm.; head and thorax steel-blue, abdomen
yellow-brown at base, black and shining at tip ; head somewhat
broader than thorax, antennae subclavate, somewhat pilose, fifth
joint as long as the two ring-joints combined, scape fuscous, flagel
nearly black; thorax nearly as broad as long, parapsidal grooves
hardly indicated ; all femora dark brown, tibise lighter, tarsi nearly
white, apical joint darker; veins yellow-brown, stigmal vein as
long as the marginal and half as long as the submarginal ; abdo-
men cordate, sessile, smooth and shining; head and dorsum of
thorax punctate, and with many white hairs.

Listed as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan Calandra
oryzcE, from the pupa of which it has been bred. Also bred from
another beetle injurious to stored grain, Sitodrepa panic ea.

°P. (Habrocytus) thyridopterygis Howard. U. S. Dept.
Agric, Div. Entomology, Bull. 5, Technical Series, p. 35, Fig. 17.
Has been bred from the bags of the bag worm and from the
white-marked tussock moth, of which latter it is possibly a ter-
tiary parasite, with Hemiteles (Allocota) thyridopterygis as host.

Eutelus Walker.

°E. onerati Fitch. The Oak-Bullet Gall Parasite.

Female : length somewhat more than 2.5 mm. ; mostly brilliant
cupreous, with green reflections ; antennae mostly dark brown,
their first joint pale yellowish; legs sulphur-yellow. Male:
length 2.5 mm.

Bred from galls of Callaspidia globulus.

Merisus Walker.

M. isosomatis Riley. Stictonotus isosomatis.

Female : length 3.25 mm. ; mostly metallic green and sparsely
covered with white hairs; antennae subclavate, pilose, head finely
punctate, antennae mostly black, club brownish; pro- and meso-
thorax rather closely punctate; anterior coxae and their femora
metallic green, distal end of femora, all of anterior tibise and tarsi

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 479

except claws, honey-yellow ; mid coxae metallic green, mid femora
mostly black with both ends yellowish, mid tibiae honey-yellow
with a longitudinal dorsal streak, mid tarsi, except apical joint,
honey-yellow ; hind legs with their coxae, femora and tibiae shining
black, with the distal end of femora and both ends of tibiae honey-
yellow, their tarsi honey-yellow except the apical joint, which is
black ; veins honey-yellow ; abdomen very delicately shagreened.
Male : antennae more clavate ; nearly devoid of white hairs except
at tip of mesonotum and at tip of abdomen.

Bred from Isosoma tritici. Also reared from Isosoma in-
festing timothy grass at the Experiment Station in New Haven.

°M. (Phaenacra) chalcidiphagus (Walsh). Semiotellus chal-
cidiphagus Walsh.

Female : length 2.25-3 mm. ; mostly blue-black or dark indigo-
blue ; head finely and confluently punctate and scarcely polished ;
antennae pale rufous, darker toward base, flagel not pubescent,
the joints of the latter indistinctly separated; thorax sculptured
like the head ; legs black, with the tibiae and tarsi, except tips of
the latter, pale rufous, tibiae occasionally basally clouded with
black externally; wings hyaline, front wings with a dark smoky
area extending backward from the subcostal vein where
that vein first touches the costa to the tip of the branch, but not
quite to the hind edge of the wing; veins brown, much paler
toward the base of the wing; abdomen almost sessile, depressed,
flattened above, rounded below, polished, with a few short whitish
hairs toward the tip, in color less blue than head and thorax,
and with cupreous reflections beneath. Male : differs from the
female chiefly as follows: flagellar joint pubescent and distinctly
separated, first and second joints of antennae rufous, third to
ninth joints dark brown; abdomen subpetiolate, narrower, its tip
acute, cupreous tinge stronger ; front wings without a dark smoky
cloud; length 2-2.5 rnm.

Bred from barley galls.

°M. (Micromelus) destructor Say M. {Bceotonius) destruc-
tor.

Black, with bluish green metallic reflections ; legs black banded
with yellow; female a little longer than the male, and otherwise
different as follows : antennae somewhat clavate, the funicular
joints increasing slightly in width and decreasing slightly in

48o CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

length from the first to the sixth, club obliquely acuminate, scape
light yellow-brown in color, flagel brown, with the club lighter in
color than the rest of the flagel ; pubescence shorter and finer.

Male: average length 1.90 mm.; antennae filiform, distinctly
pilose, joints of the funicle subequal in width, decreasing slightly
in length from the first to the sixth, first joint a little more than
twice as long as broad, club nearly as long as the two preceding
funicular joints together, ovate, flattened laterally and acuminate
at tip; head densely and rather finely punctate, black, with a
metallic bluish green reflection ; scape yellowish, pedicel and flagel
brown to blackish ; thorax mostly concolorous with the head, and
similarly punctate, the scutel and metanotum with the punctures
finer than those on the head, pronotum, and mesonotum, those on
metanotum deeper, metanotum with an indication of a median
carina ; hind tibiae with a single apical spur, hind trochanter with
two tooth-like projections beneath; all coxae black with metallic
reflections, all femora black or dark brown with yellowish tips,
all tibiae and tarsi honey-yellow; wings hyaline, fheir veins very
distinct and dark brown ; abdomen oval, convex above, flattened
beneath, glabrous but very finely shagreened, mostly black, with
a yellowish spot above and beneath at base.

Parasitic on the Hessian fly. Listed as an American parasite
of a cosmopolitan insect.

°M. subapterus (Riley). Homopterus subaptertis Riley.

Female: length 1.8-2.8 mm. ; differs from the male as follows:
antennae more clavate, sixth funicular joint slightly broader than
long, flagel always black with a metallic tinge, pedicel usually
tipped with black at its distal end; pubescence shorter and finer
than in the male ; femora and tibiae in general of a darker brown,
in which case the knees and distal third of tibiae are whitish;
metallic luster of thorax more subdued; wings, when present,
hyaline, veins faintly tinged with yellowish, spurious veins very
faint; abdomen notched when seen from the side.

Male: wingless; length 1.58-2.74 mm.; antennae inserted a
little below the middle of the face and close together, but still
distinctly separated, flagel pilose, its club oval-acuminate, flattened
laterally, funicular joints subequal in length, first joint a trifle
longer than broad, the following joints increasing in width to
the sixth, which is as wide as long ; posterior ocelli nearer to the

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 481

anterior ocellus than to each other; head distinctly broader than
thorax, densely and finely punctate, with a greenish metallic
luster, bulbs of antennae black, scape and pedicel honey-yellow,
flagel yellowish brown and often with a darker metallic tinge,
especially at the sutures; thorax mostly concolorous with the
head, and similarly punctate on the pro- and mesonotum ; all legs
honey-yellow except coxse, which are slightly metallic at base,
and tarsi and sometimes distal end* of tibiae, which are whitish ;
abdomen ovate, acuminate, glabrous, mostly black.

Listed as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan Hessian
fly, from the final larva of which it has been bred in Missouri.

Pachyneuron Walker.

*P. nigrocyaneum (Norton). Chiropachys nigrocyaneus
Norton.

Length 2.5 mm. Female: mostly dark blue-black, varying to
purple; head wider than thorax, antennae 13- jointed, the first and
second joints together nearly as long as the rest combined, yellow,
scape blackish, third joint not much shorter than fourth or fifth ;
prothorax transversely narrower than rest of thorax ; legs yellow,
except coxae, which are black; abdomen polished, flattened, oval-
triangular.

Bred from the cocoons of Diprion abietis and D. simile.

Type locality: Connecticut. New Haven, 1915 (W. E. B.).

°P. apidivorum Ashmead.

Female: length i mm. or a little longer; head metallic green,
sviffused with purple and purplish black on vertex, shagreened,
the sculpture coarser between the eyes; mandibles tridentate,
antennas brown, pubescent, scape and pedicel darker ; thorax pur-
plish black with bronzy and cupreous reflections, with a reticulate
sculpture, scapulae golden green, scutel convex, rounded, meta-
thorax wrinkled; wings hyaline, iridescent, pubescent except at
base, their veins pale yellow, the marginal vein brownish, stigmal
vein slightly longer than the marginal, with seven long hairs
along outer edge; legs pale yellowish, coxae black, anterior and
middle femora dusky near base above and beneath, at least for
two-thirds of their length ; abdomen flat, oval, blue-black, metallic
at base, and with bronze tingings toward apex, darker beneath.

31

482 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Listed as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan plant louse,
Aphis hrassiccB.

°P. micans Howard. Howard, Insect Book, p. 56, Fig. 29.

Female : length i ,28 mm. ; metallic bluish, greenish or bronzy
black; antenna metallic, funicle as long as width of head, first
funicular joint as long as broad, not compressed, the succeeding
joints increasing gradually in width but not in length, to the club,
which is oval, compressed, and nearly as long as the three pre-
ceding joints combined, funicle with appressed hairs ; head deli-
cately shagreened; mesonotum finely punctate, not pointed, coxae
metallic, all femora metallic on the outside, tipped with dull
yellow, tibiae honey-yellow, tarsi somewhat dark, last joint brown ;
abdomen flat, oval, nearly as broad as thorax. Male differing
from the female as follows : antennas longer, pubescence of funicle
longer, more erect, and dirty white instead of silvery; abdomen
much narrower than thorax; femoral bands brown, hind tibiae
with a light brown central band.

Bred from Siphonophora avence.

°P. altiscuta Howard.

Body mostly shining blue, length 2 mm. ; head about one-half
as long as the thorax, antennae light in color and as long as
thorax, 13-jointed, first joint curved, as is the second, the latter
enlarging toward tip, third and fourth small, fifth to tenth equal
in size and length, last three constituting club, which tapers to
tip ; thorax as long as abdomen ; costal vein of front wings broken,
just beyond the break decidedly broader to the branch, which is
as long as the broad portion and knobbed ; costal vein of hind
wings with an angle at the middle which points forward, the wings
very hairy except at base, where they are nearly bare, hairs at
margin coarser than elsewhere ; legs light in color, except femora,
which are dark ; abdomen peduncled ; female and male very
similar.

Cyrtogaster Walker.
°C. dineutis Ashmead.

Female : length 2.5-2.65 mm. ; mostly bronze-green, conflu-
ently punctate; palpi fuscous, mandibles piceous or rufo-piceous,
scape and pedicel brownish yellow, flagel Wack or brown-black ;
head wider than thorax, a little more than three times as wide

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, 483

as thick antero-posteriorly ; clypeus with some fine converging
strias, antennae 13- jointed, inserted a little below the middle of
face, flagellar joints beyond first wider than long; thorax with
the parapsidal grooves indicated only anteriorly, metanotum with
a carina above; wings hyaline, apical two-thirds pubescent, the
basal one-third bare, marginal and postmarginal veins nearly
equal in length, about one-third longer than the stigmal, the
latter ending in a stigma or thickening ; legs, except coxae, brown-
ish yellow; abdomen ovate, attached to the produced portion of
metathorax by a distinct petiole.

Bred from the pupa of Dineutes assimilis, of which it is prob-
ably only a secondary parasite.

Sphegigaster Spinola.
S. n. sp.
Bred from pupae of Odontocera dorsalis, New Haven, 1894

(W. E. B.).

Cratomus Dalman.

°C. megacephalus Fabricius.
Mostly black ; tibiae yellow ; wings white, with a median fus-
cous mark; abdomen shining.

°C. leucophthalmus Ashmead.

Male : length 2.5 mm ; mostly blue-black, confluently punctate ;
head, measured from eye to eye, nearly twice as wide as thorax,
a broad groove extending from the eye obliquely toward the
moftth; eyes finely pubescent; antennae 13-jointed, clavate; scape,
pedicel, and first and second funicular joints brownish yellow,
the following joints brown; legs red except the trochanters,
extreme tips of femora and tibiae, and all of the anterior tibiae,
which are brownish yellow ; wings hyaline, with a fuscous blotch
across the middle, veins rufo-piceous, submarginal vein distant
from costal edge and nearly three times as long as the marginal
vein, stigmal vein about as long as the marginal, postmarginal
distinctly longer than the stigmal ; abdomen oval, with a bronzy
tinge and a yellow petiole.

Raphitelus Walker.
°R. maculatus Walker.

Male: mostly green; antennae black except first joint, which is
yellow tipped with fuscous, and second joint, vyhich is fuscous;

484 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

legs mostly pale fuscous, coxae green, trochanters yellow, mid and
hind tarsi straw color, their apex fuscous ; wings subhy aline, sub-
costa of front wings maculated with fuscous, veins usually fus-
cous; abdomen cyaneo-cupreous, shining, glabrous, aenous

green at base.

Listed as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan fruit-
bark beetle (Scolytus rugulosus).

Epistenia Westwood.
This and the following genus are referred to a separate
family, the Cleonymidae, in Ashmead's classification.

°E. osmiae (Ash mead), Dasyglenes osmice Ashmead.
Female: length 6 mm.; cyaneous, coarsely pitted, brownish
pubescent ; flagel brown ; legs dark red, pubescent, femora infus-
cated ; wings hyaline, veins brown.

Reared from a mason bee, Osniia, living in catalpa twigs.

Chiropachys Westwood.

°C. colon Linnaeus.

Female: head and thorax deeply punctate, dull cupreous,
slightly tinged with green ; antennae dark brown, first and second
joints ochreous ; wings iridescent, anterior ones each with two
dark brown spots (one near the center, the other near the tip)
passing through the furcate vein, these spots not so large as in
the male, and varying in size ; legs ochreous, the mid and posteri®r
femora shaded pitchy; size variable; abdomen smooth and shin-
ing, dark cyaneous black, tinged with dark green, its basal seg-
ments brighter green, its apex slightly pubescent. Male: may
be larger than the largest female; color of thorax varying from
bright green to obscure blackish green.

Listed as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan fruit-bark
beetle (Scolytus rugulosus).

SPALANGIID^.
Key to Genera.
Body very slightly metallic; frenum not discernible; meso-
thorax submetallic, polished, metathorax strongly punc-
tate Cercocephala p. 485

Body metallic; frenum large, distinct; antennae inserted in the
anterior margin of the oblong head Spalangia p. 485

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 485

Cercocephala Westwood.
C. sp.

Attack§ wood-boring larvae of the beetle family Scolytidae.

»

Spalangia Latreille.

°S. drosophilae Ashmead.

Female : length 2 mm. ; mostly shining, blue-black ; head flat-
tened, covered with coarse, distant punctures, with a longitudinal
median groove and a triangular projection at tip, sparsely
pubescent, antennae lo-jointed, issuing from the extreme tip of
the head; prothorax elongated, scutel with a transverse row of
punctures posteriorly near the tip, metathorax with two longi-
tudinal grooves and with a double row of coarse punctures on its
disk, the punctures behind confluent ; legs clavate, black, pubes-
cent, tarsi pale or reddish; wings hyaline; abdomen petiolate.

Bred from the larva of a species of Drosophila or pomace-fly.
• '^S. rugosicollis Ashmead.

Female : length 2.5 mm. ; mostly blue-black, mesonotum and
scutel aeneous ; head and prothorax with a large impunctate
polished space anteriorly, but rugoso-punctate posteriorly; parap-
sides and scutel with some sparse round punctures, mesopleurae
smooth and with a median fovea; legs mostly concolorous with
most of body ; tarsi, except apical joint and claws, reddish yellow ;
scutel with a transverse row of punctures before tip, metathorax
carinated down the middle, the space on each side of the carina
rugoso-punctate; wings hyaline, veins brown, marginal vein a
little more than half the length of the submarginal, postmarginal
and stigmal veins about equal in length and three times as long
as thick; abdomen oval, petiolate, the petiole longitudinally
striated.

°S. haematobiae Ashmead.

Female : length 2 mm. ; mostly blue-black and highly polished,
impunctate except a small oval space on the mesonotum just in
front of scutel; parapsides metallic; head smooth, with a central
longitudinal groove, mandibles and palpi black, antennae 10-
jointed, subclavate, black, pedicel twice the length of first funicu-
lar joint, the second joint of the funicle a little shorter than the
first, the following joints to the club quadrate in outline, club
seemingly fused, and about as long as the three preceding joints

486 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

combined; prothorax about twice the length of the mesonotum,
polished, except the neck-like portion, which is finely rugose;
scutel smooth, with a transverse subapical impressed line, post-
scutel with a row of round punctures back of it, metathorax as
long as scutel, tricarinate, smooth and shining; legs mostly like
rest of body, posterior femora seneous, tarsi fuscous above, with
short dense pale pubescence beneath; wings hyaline, strongly
iridescent, veins black, marginal vein more than two-thirds the
length of the submarginal, postmarginal and stigmal equal, about
three times as long as thick.

Bred from the larva of the horn-fly (Hcematobia serrata).

°S. sp.
Parasite on dipterous larvae.

TRIDYMID^.

Antennae inserted at the middle of the front, clypeus not pro-
duced, both ring-joints visible, or only one.

Key to Genera.

1. Notauli complete 2

Notauli not complete Hemadas p. 487

2. Wings ciliate at apex Semiotellus p. 486

Wings not ciliate Systasis p. 486

Semiotellus West wood.

°S. suborbicularis Provancher.

Female : length a little over 2 mm. ; metallic blackish brown
above; scape yellowish black; legs honey-yellow; wings hyaline,
grayish, veins nearly colorless; abdomen depressed, polished,
nearly circular, with a small point at apex.

Sjrstasis Walker.
°S. diplosidis Eckel.

Female: length 3.5 mm.; mostly metallic blue-green, with the
blue predominating ; head three times as wide as long, rather con-
fluently punctate, shagreened between the punctures, lateral
ocellus as far from the eyes as from the median ocellus ; antennae
black except at base, twice as long as the head is high, scape
yellow, one ring- joint present, joints of flagel equal in length
and gradually increasing in thickness, except the first, which is

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 487

twice as long as the others, and the last, which is more or less
triangular; prothorax much more finely punctate than the head,
especially beneath, rest of thorax rugulosely punctate, with the
punctures separated; wings hyaline, marginal vein twice as long
as the stigmal and one and one-half times as long as the post-
marginal, under side of thorax and coxae green, shagreened;
legs mostly honey-yellow, femora brownish, as are all the apical
tarsal joints ; abdomen blue-green, polished, slightly longer than
the thorax; body throughout sparsely pilose with white hairs.
Bred from Diplosis resinicola on Pinus rigida.

Hemadas Crawford.

°H. nubilipennis (Ashmead). Megorismus nubilipennis Ash-
mead. *

Female : length 2.75 mm. ; shining, mostly blue-black and
almost sculptureless ; scape reddish brown; legs mostly reddish
brown, the posterior femora infuscated or slightly bluish, the
tarsi pale ; wings hyaline, with a large brown blotch enclosing the
marginal vein and stigma, veins brown, the marginal vein about
twice as long as the stigmal vein, which is toothed, the submar-
ginal vein interrupted by a pale ring at the juncture with the
marginal ; abdomen flattened.

Bred from the galls of Solenozopheria vaccinii.

APHELINID^.
Key to Genera.

1. Tarsi 5-jointed, or seemingly only 4-jointed owing to the

fusion of the ultimate and penultimate joints; antennae 5-
jointed, funicle i-jointed, ring-joints two . . Eretmocerus p. 490
Tarsi 4-jointed 2

2. Anterior wings with an obliquely transverse hairless line

below stigma; antennae 6-jointed; ovipositor not, or only
slightly, exserted; wings hyaline, or with a slight fuscous
patch, eyes not hairy Aphelinus p. 489

3. Antennae 8-jointed 4

Antennae 7-jointed; club l-jointed; exserted portion of ovi-
positor about one-half as long as the abdomen; stigmal
vein squarely truncate at apex Ablerus p. 490

4. Club 2-jointed, hind tibiae not armed with stiff black bristles

Encarsia p. 489

488 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Club 3-joiiited; stigmal vein present, marginal cilia of wings
shorter than or about as long as first joint of anterior tarsi,
marginal vein as long as or longer than the submarginal;
flagel subcylindrical; hind tibiae not flattened, and with a
row of short bristles above, but normal .. Coccophagus p. 488

Coccophagus Westwood.
Key to Species.

1. Females : wings hyaline ^

Males ^

2. Mostly black; hind border of dorsum of thorax black, head

not coarsely punctulate 3

Mostly moderately bright yellow; tip of scape and all of

flagel, border of pronotum, tip of tegulae, border of meta-

notum, and incomplete bands between abdominal seg-
. ments, fuscous, as are the veins of the wings. Length 8

j^rn ' fietcheri

3. Tegulae black • 4

Tegulae brown; nearly all of scutel and postscutel yellow.

Length 1.3 mm flavoscutellum

4. Scutel with apical half yellow 5

Scutel yellow only at tip, all tibiae brown, except a yellow

area at either end. Length 0.78 mm fraternus

5. Punctures of dorsum of thorax arranged in longitudinal rows;

front and middle tibiae yellow. Length i mm lecanii

Punctures of dorsum of thorax not arranged as in lecanii;
all tibiae dark. Length 1.2 mm cognatus

6. Body entirely black; mesonotum, exclusive of the scapulae,

sparsely punctate, hind edge of mesonotum not bordered

by a regular row of round punctures 7

Body not entirely black, but mostly brown; scutel tipped with
yellow; mesonotum, except scapulae, irregularly sparsely
punctate. Length 0.6 mm cojgnatus

7. Tegulae brown, all tibiae and tarsi yellow; hind tibins occa-

sionally with a dusky patch near base. Length about 0.5

mm 8

Tegulae black, all tibiae dark brown in the middle and whitish
at either end. Length somewhat less than 0.78 mm. fraternus

8. Scutel dark lecanii

Scutel usually entirely black, sometimes yellow at extreme

tip flavoscutellum

°C. fletcheri Howard.
Parasitic upon Lecanium Hetcheri.
°C. cognatus Howard.

Listed as an American parasite of Lecanium Hetcheri, L. hes-
peridum, L. cerasifex and L. persicce.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 489

°C. fraternus Howard.
An American parasite of Lecanium persicce.

°C. lecanii Fitch.

Recorded as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan Leca-
nium hesperidum.

°C, flavoscutellum Ashmead.
Parasitic upon the same host as the preceding species.

Encarsia Foerster.
Key to Species.

Females.

1. Tarsi of middle legs 4-jointed, fourth and fifth joints appar-

ently coalescent 2

Tarsi of middle legs distinctly S-jointed; club of antenna
not flattened, first funicular joint not swollen, pedicel and
first funicular joint subequal in length, first and second
funicular joints also subequal in length, flagellar stria-
tions barely discernible; anterior wings with a round bare
space below the stigma. Length 0.58 mm pergandiella

2. Pedicel and first funicular joint subequal in length. Length

0.63 mm lutcola

Pedicel longer than first funicular joint, which is shorter
than the second Length 0.66 mm quaintancei

E. luteola Howard.

New Haven, 14 August, 1906. Bred from Aleyrodes coryli
(W. E. B.).

°E. quaintancei Howard.
Reared from a species of Aleyrodes on Polygonum.

°E. pergandiella Howard.
Bred from a species of Aleyrodes on Xanthium strumarium.

Aphelinus Dalman.
Key to Species.

1. Eyes not hairy; mostly yellow; pedicel one and one-half

times as long as thick 2

Eyes hairy; head jet black, rest of body mostly black. Length
about 1.2 mm mali

2. Club of antennae three times as long as penultimate joint.

Length 0.55-0.78 mm 3

Club of antennae twice as long as penultimate joint. Length
about 0.65 mm mytilaspidis

490 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

3. Scutel not pointed at base, but normal 4

Scutel pointed at base. Length 0.55 mm abnonnis

4. Anterior wings with only a faint cloud beneath stigma.

Length 0.78 mm diaspidis

Anterior wings with a distinct cloud occupying all of the
central portion, and accentuated below stigma and at its
proximal border. Length 0.6 mm fuscipennis

°A. mali Haldeman.

Parasitic on the woolly apple aphis (Schisoneura lanigera),
Glyphina eragrostidis, Aphis brassicce, A. monardce, Pemphigus
fraxinifolii, Siphonophora rosce.

°A mytilaspidis Le Baron. U. S. Dept. Agric, Rept. Ento-
mologist, 1880, PI. 23, Fig. I.

Listed as an American parasite of Diaspis carueli, Lepido-
saphes ulmi and Chionaspis pinifolii.

°A. abnormis Howard.

Probably an aberration of the preceding species. Bred from
Lepidosaphes ulmi.

°A. diaspidis Howard. U. S. Dept. Agric, Bull, i. Technical
Series, Fig. 7.

Listed as an American parasite of Diaspis rosce, Lepidosaphes
on an orchid, and an undetermined Sycaste from Japan.
°A. fuscipennis Howard.

Reared from the San Jose scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus) ,
Chionaspis euonymi, Lepidosaphes gloveri, L. ulmi, and from
a species of Aspidiotus on Acacia longifolia.

Eretmocerus Haldeman.
°E. comi Haldeman. U. S. Dept. Agric, Bull, i, Technical
Series, Fig. 2 (antennae).

Eyes hairy, antennal club of female oar-shaped.
Bred from Aleyrodes comi.

Ablenis Howard.
°A. clisiocampafe Ashmead. Centrodora clisiocampcs Ash-
mead. U. S. Dept. Agric, Bull, i. Technical Series, Fig. 14.

Length 0.7 mm.; exserted portion of ovipositor 0.18 mm.
long ; mostly black, and somewhat metallic ; thorax above with a
greenish luster, abdomen appearing bluish; antennae mostly

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 49I

black, second and fourth funicular joints silvery white, apical
three-fourths of club light brown, with a rather silvery tinge;
legs mostly dark brown, front wings mostly infuscated.

Bred from the scurfy scale {Chionaspis furfura) and a species
of Aspidiotus on pear and apple. Apparently erroneously said
to have been bred from the eggs of Malacosoma americana.

ENCYRTID^.
Key to Genera.

1. Females 2

Males IS

2. Funicle more than 4-jointed 3

Funicle 4-jointed, mandibles bidentate, face with a distinct

carina between antennae at their insertion, front minutely
shagreened and with minute scattered punctures, scape
cylindrical, flagel at most subclavate; anterior wings with
the marginal vein twice as long or more than twice as long
as the stigmal, postmarginal vein mostly longer than the

stigmal, stigmal vein very oblique, subclavate

Meromyzobia p. 493

3. Funicle 6-jointed, face not angled; scape, funicle and club not

flattened; scutel without grooves 4

Funicle 5-jointed Rhopus p. 493

4. Scutel three-cornered, with or without rounded tip 5

Scutel crescent-shaped, wings rudimentary Baeocharis p. 494

5. Scutel with a bunch of hair at tip 6

Scutel without a bunch of hair at tip 7

6. Pedicel shorter than first funicular joint; mesothorax with-

out silvery hairs, marginal vein shorter than stigmal....

Comys p. 494
Pedicel longer than first funicular joint; mesothorax with
silvery hairs, marginal vein at least at long as the stigmal

Chiloneurus p. 496

7. Head without very large umbilicate punctures 8

Head with very large umbilicate punctures; wings clear,

marginal vein wanting or very short ....Bothriothorax p. 497

8. Club of antennas obliquely truncate 9

Club of antennae not obliquely truncate; wings developed;

scutel arched and with a smooth tip il

9. Facial groove very pronounced 10

Facial groove slight Homalotylus p. 500

10. Pedicel three or more times as long as it is thick at apex..

Litomastix p. 503

Pedicel not three times as long as it is thick at apex

Copidosoma p. 498

492 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

11. Mesthorax lusterless, with dense, fine, clearly defined um-

bilicate punctures 12

Mesothorax more or less lustrous 13

12. Funicular joints thicker than long; marginal vein wanting..

Aphycus p. 501
First to fifth funicular joints longer than thick; marginal
vein present Blastothrix p. 502

13. Anterior wings ciliate; apical funicular joint not five times

as long as wide 14

Anterior wings not ciliate; sixth funicular joint five times as
long as wide Psilophrys p. 503

14. Marginal vein one and one-half times as long as the stigmal,

scapulae meeting in a carina; antennae longer than the body

Leptomastix p. 503
Marginal vein much shorter than in Leptomastix; scapulae
not meeting in a carina; pedicel not three times as long
as thick, club thicker than the funicle Encyrtus p. 504

15. Funicle 6-jointed, the joints not triangular; mesothorax with-

out an impression before tegulae 16

Funicle 4-jointed, antennae ii-jointed, simple, not branched,
front as in the description of female above, clypeus not
carinate; otherwise much as in the description of the female
given above Meromyzobia p. 493

16. Each funicular joint with two half whorls of hairs 17

Each funicular joint hairy, but without half whorls of hairs 20

17. Marginal vein shorter than stigmal 18

Marginal vein longer than stigmal; mesothorax with silver

hairs that are close together, scutel usually with a bunch of
upright spiny hairs at tip.. Chiloneurus p. 496

18. Head and dorsum of thorax not thickly covered with large

round punctures 19

Head and dorsum of thorax thickly covered with large round
punctures Bothriothorax p. 497

19. Wings with long cilia; head and thorax very finely shagreened

and lustrous ; body flat Rhopus p. 493

Wings with short cilia; body finely punctate, lusterless ....

Blastothrix p. 502^

20. Scutel without a bunch of hairs; funicle not or but slightly ^

compressed 21

Scutel with a bunch of erect black hairs before its tip ....

Comys p. 494

21. Head and mesothorax with thick and sharp round punctures 25
Head and mesothorax not thus sculptured 22

22. Mesothorax moderately or strongly lustrous, and usually with

distinct sculpture; marginal vein usually shorter than the

stigmal, seldom as long, or wings rudimentary 23

Mesothorax lusterless and apparently sculptureless when
seen under a low power lens; face delicately arched, pedicel
longer than the first funicular joint Aphycus p. 501

N©. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 493

23. Wings developed; head not much punctate, usually with

a few scattered punctures or impressions near the eyes.. 24
Wings rudimentary; scutel arched, not reaching the abdomen

Bseocharis p. 494

24. Head lengthened below the eyes, trapezoidal when seen from

in front Psilophrys p. 503

Head not lengthened below the eyes, round or oval when
viewed from in front Encyrtus p. 504

25. Pedicel three or more times as long as it is thick at apeec..

Litomastdx p. 503

Pedicel not three times as long as it is thick as apex

Copidosoma p. 498

Meromyzobia Ashmead.
°M. maculipennis (Ashmead). Ericydnus maculipennis Ash-
mead.

Male: length 3-3.1 mm. ; mostly brownish yellow ; head wider
than thorax, its surface microscopically shagreened and with a
few scattered punctures ; ocelli equidistant, the lateral ones nearly
touching the eyes, antennae subfiliform; thorax convex, shining,
with sparse microscopic pubesence, pronotum subtriangular,
its posterior margin triangularly emarginate, mesopleurse pos-
teriorly dark brown; scutel dark brown, twice as long as wide
at base, axillae meeting at base, a triangular piece before tegulae
honey-yellow, mesothorax blue-black ; legs, except sometimes the
mid tibiae outwardly, and the hind femora and tibiae except the
basal third of latter, which are fuscous, honey-yellow ; tibial spur
of mid legs as long as the first tarsal joint thereof; anterior wings
fuscous except two triangular, nearly confluent hyaline spots at
the middle, and the basal third, which is hyahne; abdomen ob-
long-ovate, as long as the thorax, and blue-black.

Bred from a wheat stem maggot {Meromyza sp.), and from
Chlorops ingrata.

Rhopus Foerster.
°R. coccois (E. A. Smith). Acerophagus coccois E. A. Smith.
U. S. Dept. Agric, Rept. Entomologist, 1880, PI. 24, Fig. 2.

Female: length .055 mm. ; mostly yellow ; head darkest, funicu-

* lar joints subequal in length, first and second joints slightly

shorter, all increasing in width from first to fifth, club as long

as funicle, indistinctly 3-jointed; wings hyaline, veins colorless.

Listed as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan Pseudo-
coccus aceris.

494

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Baeocharis Mayr.

°B. marlattii Ashmead.

Female and male: length 0.5-0.75 mm.; thorax nearly as
broad as long, mostly shining black, with some aeneous tinge-
ings in certain lights. Male: head much broader than thorax.
Female: head much thicker antero-posteriorly than in the male;
eyes converging in front, antennae inserted just above the mouth,
apparently only 6-jointed, but really lo-jointed, joints of the club
very closely soldered together, scape not reaching much beyond
middle of face and lying in a facial groove, pedicel longer than
wide, third joint longer than wide; scutel convex; legs mostly
browTi; knees, tips of tibiae, and all of tarsi honey-yellow; abdo-
men sessile, broadly oval, with the first segment longest.

Bred from a greenhouse aphis.

Comys Foerster.
°C. bicolor Howard. U. S. Dept. Agric, Rept. Entomologist,
1880, 1881, p. 362, PL 23, Fig. 3.

Female and male: length 1.75 mm.; mostly yellow-brown;
cheeks bek)w eyes blackish, palpi black, scape silvery beneath,
black above, flagel black, with many short black hairs ; prothorax
shining black, rest of thorax with black hairs, scutellar tuft thick,
black, and apparently arising in two longitudinal, closely approxi-
mated rows ; anterior femora white beneath, fuscous above, espe-
cially toward knee, their tibiae and tarsi dark brown ; mid femora
white beneath, fuscous above, their tibiae, tarsi and tibial
spurs brownish yellow; posterior legs with the femora and tibiae
dark brown, nearly black, base of first tarsal joint black, rest
silvery; distal two-thirds of wings dusky, with a hyaline wedge-
shaped band at the end of the marginal vein ; at the junction of
the subcostal vein with the costa a broad, clear, hairless band ex-
tends back across the wing; a fringe of dark hairs upon the sub-
costal makes an abrupt downward bend at a little over one-half
its length and becomes the proximal border of the hairless space
for a little over one-half the wing width ; abdomen shining black,
and with sparse long black hairs.

Parasitic upon Lecanium hesperidum on ivy. Listed as an
American parasite of a cosmopolitan insect.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, 495

°C. fusca Howard.

Female: length 2.6 mm.; face punctate, yellowish brown,
vertex dusky, cheeks blackish, mouth-parts dusky, scape and
pedicel honey-yellow beneath, brown above, flagel blackish, with
black hairs; prothorax ochreous, mesonotum between the parap-
sidal grooves, and tegulse, ochreous, the latter blackish at tip,
scapulae ochreous, densely and finely punctate, axillae and scutel
ochreous, with yellow hairs anteriorly and the tuft black, meta-
notum black, except postscutel, which has an ochreous tinge;
wings as in the preceding species except that the markings are
clearer and more distinct, the veins black, except at the trans-
verse clear spot, and the stigmal vein more curved; front
coxae transparent and whitish, their femora, tibiae and tarsi
honey-yellow ; mid and hind coxae yellowish, blackish at tips, mid
femora yellowish, slightly darker above, their tibiae almost black,
yellowish at tip, middle spurs and middle tarsi yellowish, claws
blackish, hind legs with femora and tibiae nearly black, their tarsi
whitish, except apical joint; abdomen shining black, pedunculate.

Male: similar to female except as follows: scapulae dusky,
prothorax black above, brownish yellow beneath, mesonotum
between parapsidal grooves blackish in the middle, ochreous at
sides.

Bred from a species of Lecanium on laurel-leaved oak.

''C. albicoxa Ashmead.

Female : length nearly 2 mm. ; head and thorax ferruginous
and with pubescence, finely transversely sculptured, and with
some large, widely separated punctures on the head ; palpi black ;
antennae 11 -jointed, pubescent; scape slightly curved and slightly
dilated, white except at tip; pedicel and following joints black,
each joint flattened and gradually widened toward club; pro-
thorax black, mesothorax, scutel and pleurae microscopically
longitudinally strigose, scutel with a tuft of black bristles
arranged in two rows toward tip; all coxae pure white; anterior
legs with their femora white, their tibiae honey-yellow, brownish
at tips, their tarsi yellowish white; mid legs with their femora,
tibiae and tarsi honey-yellow ; hind legs with their femora, tibiae
and tibial spurs dark brown, their tarsi, except basal portion of
first joint, white, their claws dusky; wings brown, with a white

496 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

transverse band below the stigma; abdomen black or blue-black,
brassy beneath, and with a few hairs along the sides.

Male: very like the female, but the antennal joints are not
gradually widened toward the tip, the extreme tip of the club is
sometimes white or pale, the mesothorax is slightly depressed,
and the abdomen is more decidedly blue.

This is on record as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan
Psiudococcus citri. Also bred from P. adonidum.

Chiloneurus Westwood.

°C. swezeyi Ashmead.

Female: length 1.5 mm.; head brownish yellow above, temples
and cheeks pallid or whitish ; thorax beneath pallid or whitish,
mesosternum with a black streak, mesonotum with silvery
yubescence, scutel bright rust-red, with a tuft of black bristles
at apex; front wings hyaline toward base, apical two-thirds
fuscous, and with a purplish iridescent spot at lower apical
comer ; abdomen, especially above, blackish or dark brown.

Male : length 0.8-1 mm. ; color nearly as in female, except
that the thorax is more whitish at sides and beneath ; the scutel-
lar tuft sometimes absent; the head smaller, the legs yellowish,
the trochanters and bases of femora white, the mid femora and
tibiae, except a pale basal annulus, more of a brownish yellow,
the latter with blackish pubescence outwardly, the tarsi pale, the
wings clear.

Probably a primary parasite on Ormenis.

°C. albicornis Howard. U*. S. Dept. Agric, Rept. Entomolo-
gist. 1880, PI. 13, Fig. 4.

Female: length 1.8 mm.; head bright ferruginous, pedicel of
antennge twice as long as wide, dark brown at base, scape dark
brown, apex of pedicel and succeeding joints except club snow-
white, .club black, much flattened, oval, and as long as the four
preceding joints combined ; pronotum, mesonotum between parap-
sidal grooves, and scapulae, ferruginous ; scutel blue-black, with
many fine silvery hairs that are close together ; metanotum black,
front legs blackish above, yellowish beneath, their tarsi yellowish
brown ; mid legs with their femora dark brown, but light toward
tips, their tibiae white, tibial spurs and tarsi yellowish ; hind legs
dark brown, but with their tarsi yellowish ; anterior wings with a

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 497

central dusky patch and with an excurved hairless band at the
distal border of the patch; just below the marginal vein is a
hairless line extending obliquely upward and bordered by inward-
directed hairs; at distal end of stigma and postmarginal vein is
a transverse clear line, extending one-fourth the distance across
the wing ; all veins brownish, marginal very dark, stigmal almost
obsolete ; abdomen acuminate at tip, black, with many black hairs ;
ovipositor yellow-brown.

Probably parasitic on Lecanium on pine. Bred from Leca-
nium Hetcheri, L. caryce, L. sp. on Quercus aquatica, and Kermes
sp. on oak.

°C. diaspidinarum Howard.

Female : length 0.93 mm. ; mostly shining black ; vertex,
cheeks, pleurae, and abdomen with metallic bluish reflections ;
vertex shagreened, antennae mostly brown, tip of pedicel and all
of fifth and sixth funicular joints dirty yellow, first funicular
joint shorter than pedicel and about as long as broad, second,
third and fourth joints slightly shorter than first, but about as
broad, fifth and sixth much wider, wider than long, club flat-
tened, oval, as long as the four preceding joints combined, scape
cyUndrical; mesonotum with silvery pubescence, scutel rounded,
densely shagreened above, smooth behind, tuft of bristles com-
pact but not erect; front coxse and all tarsi except apical joint,
light yellowish ; wings colorless, with marginal cilia, marginal
vein as long as or a little shorter than stigmal, postmarginal equal
in length to the stigmal; abdomen flat, ovipositor very slightly
exserted.

Bred from female scales of Lepidosaphes ulmi.

°C. dactylopii Howard.

Female: similar to female of C. formosus Boheman. Male:
marginal vein only slightly longer than the stigmal vein.

On record as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan com-
mon mealy-bug {Pseudococcus citri).

Bothriothorax Ratzeburg.
°B. noveboracensis Howard.

Female: length 1.6 mm.; body mostly bright meta;ilic blue-
green; antennae with their scage honey-yellow at base, brown
toward tip, flagel brown, first funicular joint one-half as long as
32

498 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

the pedicel, second to sixth joints increasing somewhat in width,
club obliquely truncate and as long as the two preceding joints
combined ; eyes faintly hairy ; axillae well separated at tips, nearly
smooth, scutel faintly emarginate at tip, tegulae smooth, light
brown at tip, somewhat metallic at base, a marked depression at
central hind border of mesonotum, mesopleurae smooth ; all legs
mostly honey-yellow, front and mid femora brownish, hind tibiae
black, all coxae metallic; veins of the wings brown; abdomen
faintly shagreened.

°B. peculiaris Howard.

Female: length 1.75 mm.; mostly blue-green; antennae with
their joints not well defined, scape not reaching to top of head,
its basal half honey-yellow, its distal half black above, yellowish
beneath, flagel black, and with dense black hairs, pedicel twice
as long as thick, longer than first funicular joint, funicular
joints subcylindrical, increasing in diameter from first to sixth,
the sixth as long as thick, club much flattened, somewhat sharply
obliquely truncate at tip and as long as the three preceding
joints combined; scutel uniformly punctate; anterior wings
slightly ciliate at tip; anterior femora black with green luster,
yellow at tip, mid and hind femora honey-yellow, front and mid
tibiae honey-yellow, hind tibiae somewhat compressed laterally and
black, all tarsi honey-yellow.

Male: differs from female in the antennae, which are much
longer and more slender, in the first funicular joint being three
times as long as thick and one-third longer than the pedicel, in
the club, which is only nearly as long as the two preceding joints
combined, and in the antennae and front femora being honey-
yellow throughout.

Bred from a syrphid larva on an oak leaf.

Copidosoma Ratzeburg.
°C. gelechiae Howard.

Female: length 1,5 mm.; head black with purplish reflections,
antennae nearly black throughout, pedicel as long as first funicular
joint, its tip yellowish, club obliquely truncate at apex, and as
long as the five preceding joints combined, joints of the funicle
gradually decreasing in length from the first to sixth, punctures

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 499

of head nearly round; mesonotum between parapsidal grooves
bright golden green and with longitudinally lengthened punc-
tures ; axillae subdued golden green, with transverse scratches
toward tip, broader near base; scutel very dark brownish green,
longitudinally scratched, scutel especially narrow down the me-
dian portion ; tegulae concolorous with the scutel ; pronotum con-
colorous with the head ; all coxae dark green, front and mid legs
entirely honey-yellow, hind femora dark green except tips, which
are yellow, hind tibiae mostly yellow, with a dark band around
proximal third, tarsi yellow ; abdomen smooth and shining, and
with a greenish luster ; ovipositor slightly exserted.

Male : length i .6 mm. ; antennal club slightly longer than sixth
funicular joint, pedicel nearly as thick as long, first joint of
funicle nearly three times as long as pedicel ; head, pronotum, and
mesonotum between the parapsidal grooves bright golden green,
axillae and scutel a shade less brilliant; all legs nearly black
throughout, with a greenish luster and with yellowish knees,
middle tibial spur and first tarsal joint yellow, rest of mid tarsi
and all joints of anterior and posterior tarsi blackish; otherwise
nearly as in the opposite sex.

Bred from larvae of Gelechia gallcBsolidaginis.
°C. intermedium Howard.

Female: length 1.25 mm.; differs from the preceding species
as follows: antennae black; mesonotum between the parapsidal
grooves with only slightly longitudinally elongated punctures
behind, punctures of scutel subaciculate longitudinally, but not so
sharp, punctures of axillae nearly round; front legs dark brown
throughout ; mid legs with their femora dark brown, with a light
brown shade near bases of tibiae, most of their tibiae, their tibial
spurs and their tarsi light yellow ; hind legs with greenish femora,
their tibiae dark brown, yellowish at tip, and their tarsi yellow.

Male: nearly as in the opposite sex, with the following ex-
ceptions : punctures of vertex rather transversely elongate, those
of mesonotum between the parapsidal grooves broader, narrower
in the center ; flagel of antennae strongly flattened, first joint of
funicle three times as long as the pedicel and much wider, antennae
brown, scape darker than flagel ; head, pronotum, scutel and axillae
with a strong bluish green luster; anterior and mid femora and

500 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

tibia dark brown with yellowish tips, posterior femora and tibiae
nearly black with a greenish luster, yellow only at joints, anterior
and posterior tarsi brown, middle tarsi yellow.

Bred from larvae of Gelechia gallceasterella.

C. turni Packard. Scudder, Butterflies of New England,
Vol. iii, 1889, PI. 89, Fig. 5.

Female : length 2 mm. ; head bright metallic green, sometimes
appearing blue; antennae dark brown, club of antennae obliquely
truncate from the tip nearly to its base, first funicular joint
longer than pedicel and as thick as long, second to sixth funicu-
lar joints wider; face punctate; mesonotum between parapsidal
grooves metallic green and shagreened, pronotum and scutel
copper-bronze, the latter with a scaly sculpture; raarginal vein
slightly shorter than the stigmal ; all coxae dark, with metallic
reflections, all tibiae brownish over a little more than the basal
half, their tips honey-yellow, all tarsi and their claws yellow;
abdomen shining black, with metallic green and blue reflections.

Male : differs from the other sex chiefly as follows : pedicel
slightly shorter than first funicular joint, other funicular joints
subequal in length and thickness, club 2-jointed, the apex rounded ;
antennae honey-yellow.

Bred from Papilio glaucus.

°C. variegatum Howard.

Female : length 0.93 mm. ; mostly black, with brilliant metallic
green luster; head punctate as in gelechice; scape mostly black,
white at apex, pedicel black, first to fourth funicular joints white,
fifth and sixth brown, club brown, flattened, rounded at tip, as
long as the funicle, pedicel twice as long as the first funicular
joint; thorax punctate as in gelechice; marginal vein want-
ing; all coxae metallic, femora and tibiae mostly dark brown,
white at tips ; all tarsi white.

Bred from a larva of the peach-twig moth {Atmrsia linea-
tella) .

Homalotylus Mayr.
°H. terminalis Say.
Length more than i mm.; body somewhat piceous ; hrad
yellowish, antennae blackish, first joint nearly as long as the
remaining joints combined, apical joint compressed, subtriangular

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 5OI

and white; wings with a broad dusky band; intermediate tarsi
white except at tip.

Parasitic on Coccinellids.

Aphycus Mayr.

°A. pulchellus Howard.

Female: length 1.35 mm.; mostly dark orange; ocelli nearly
equidistant, the lateral ones well separated from the eye margin
and nearer to the anterior ocellus than to each other ; scape black,
slightly orange above near the apex, pedicel mogtly black, light at
tip, funicle with its first joint brown, its second, third, and some-
times fourth, joints light brown, rest of funicle and club dirty
yellow ; metanotum pallid ; wings hyaline, veins apparently color-
less; all legs pallid; abdomen elliptical, pallid above.

Bred from a species of Kermes on Quercus tinctoria.

°A. pulvinariae Howard.

Female : length i mm. ; mostly dull yellow ; scape mostly
black, whitish at tip, with a leaf-like expansion beneath, pedicel
black at base, yellowish white beyond, first three joints of funicle
dusky, the other funicular joints yellowish white, club dark
brown, lighter at apex, compressed, and as long as the four pre-
ceding joints combined; metanotum and dorsum of abdomen
dusky, nearly black.

Bred from Pulvinaria innumerahilis and Lecanium Hetcheri.

°A. flavus Howard.

Female: length 1.2 mm,; mostly bright orange-yellow; scape
with a dusky patch above and somewhat broadened beneath on
its basal half, club nearly as long as the funicle, compressed, and
with its basal half dark brown, first and second funicular joints
slightly dusky; wings clear, the veins yellowish.

This is an American parasite of the cosmopolitan
• Lepidosaphes citricola.

°A. brunneus Howard.

Female: length 1.06 mm.; body mostly yellow brown, yellow
beneath; head shagreened, scape not broadened, pedicel brown,
flagel yellowish, club brown; mesonotum between parapsidal
grooves, scapulae, and scutel densely punctate, the punctures of
the two former transversely oval and those of the latter longi-

502 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

tudinally oval, and converging toward the anterior angle, poste-
rior border of scutel smooth, as is the metanotum; all coxse
brown, front legs with their tibia, femora, and tarsi yellowish
white, with a dorsal brownish patch on the femora and tibiae ; mid
legs with femora and tibiae yellowish white except for a median
brown annulus on each, their tarsi yellow; hind legs with their
femora and tibiae brown, but white at base of femora and at base
and apex of tibiae, their tarsi yellowish white ; veins of the wings
yellowish, dusky at origin of stigmal vein; ovipositor slightly
exserted.

This is on record as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan

Diaspis rosce.

Blastothrix Mayr.

B. sericea Dalman.

Female: mostly green, smooth, dull and sericeous; head
scarcely wider than the thorax, impunctate, antennae distinctly
separated at their insertion, which is below the front, scape com-
pressed, black, flagel dusky at base, sixth and seventh joints
pallid, apex obscure and compressed; thorax impunctate; legs
mostly fuscous, their knees white, hind femora green, tarsi white,
middle tibiae bi-annulate with fuscous; wings hyaline, stigmal
vein black : abdomen much shorter than thorax, obtuse, depressed
above, base and apex green, shining, disk obscure aeneous.

Reared from Phenacoccus acericola parasitized by Baccha
fascipennis in New Haven, August, 1905 (W. E, B.).

°B. longipennis Howard.

Female: length 1.75 mm.; head greenish above, bluish
around the mouth; pedicel longer than first funicular joint, and
together with the club and first to fourth joints of the funicle,
black, fifth and sixth joints of funicle cream-white, club oval,
somewhat compressed and rather longer than the two preceding
joints combined; ocelli nearly equidistant; thorax above metallic
green, tegulae whitish, brownish at tip, pleurae bright green,
whitish at posterior border; anterior and posterior femora
metallic green, white at tips, median femora light brown, white at
tips and with a distinct dark patch beneath at the distal end,
anterior and posterior tibiae black with a greenish tinge, yellowish
at distal end and white at the proximal extremity, median tibiae

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 503

yellowish with two black bands, but white at the proximal end, all
tarsi yellowish white with the apical joint darker; veins of the
wings dark brown, postmarginal longer than marginal and about
as long as the stigmal ; abdomen greenish above, bluish beneath.
Bred from Lecanium Hetcheri, L. robiniarum, and other spe-
cies of Lecanium.

Psilophrys Mayr.

°P. pallipes Ashmead.

Female : length 1.5 mm. ; head smooth ; thorax golden green,
finely sculptured, with the disk of the scutel impressed anteriorly,
metapleurse distinctly blue; all legs uniformly pale testaceous in
color, except a blotch on the posterior femora.

Bred from Gelechia gallcesolidaginis.

Litomastix Thomson.
°L. truncatella Dalman. U. S. Dept. Agric, Rept. Entomolo-
gist, 1883, PI. xi, Fig. 6.

Mostly obscure greenish aeneous ; head impunctate, front im-
pressed, more shining, mouth yellowish, antennae entirely black,
flagel scarcely twice as long as the scape, apex of antennse conico-
acuminate; thorax above cyaneous, sericeous, scutel obscure
greenish aeneous, thorax beneath obscure aeneous; legs black or
obscure blackish aeneous, knees more or less testaceous, tarsi
fuscous; wings hyaline, veins fuscous; abdomen mostly black,
somewhat shining, and partly cyaneous.

Recorded as a parasite of the cabbage looper {Autographa
hrassiccE).

Leptomastix Foerster.

°L. dactylopii Howard.

Female: length 1.51 mm.; mostly honey-yellow, with a light
reddish tinge on the mesonotum ; occiput just behind the eyes,
and the antennse except for a slight yellow streak beneath, black ;
posterior margin of pronotum and dorsal surface of posterior
femora more or less dusky; abdomen above dusky. Male:
length 0.95 mm. ; apparently darker than the female ; the amount
of black on dorsum of thorax variable; mesonotum yellow,
scapulae often very dark, scutel often with a median dark stripe,
hind tibiae and tarsi dark.

Bred from Dactyhpius destructor.

504 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Encyrtus Latreille.

°E. inquisitor Howard. U. S. Dept. Agric, Rept. Entomolo-
gist, 1880, PI. 24, Fig. I.

Female: length 1.5 mm.; head black with metallic bluish
reflections, antennae dark brown, head finely punctate; scape
cylindrical, slightly widened toward tip, pedicel twice as long
as thick, following joints not as long as thick, subequal, the
eighth longest and thickest, club slightly compressed, longer
than the six preceding joints combined, elongate-ovate, rounded
at tip; mesonotum very dark, with coppery reflections, more
coarsely punctate than the head and in addition shagreened,
scutel black with purplish reflections ; marginal vein almost obso-
lete, postmarginal vein a trifle shorter than the stigmal, at the
junction of the stigmal and marginal veins a short hyaline inter-
ruption of the brown vein, proximal third of the anterior wings
clear, the rest cloudy, hind wings clear; all coxae, femora and
tibiae dark brown, tarsi honey-yellow, except apical joint, which
is dark brown ; abdomen smooth and shining, black with purplish
reflections; ovipositor not exserted.

It is on record as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan
common mealy-bug (Pseudococciis citri).

°E. flavus Howard, Rept. U. S. Com. Agric, 1880, PI. 23,
Figs. 7, 8.

Female: length 1.2 mm.; mostly ocher-yellow ; scape yellow-
ish, somewhat widened below, second to fifth joints brown above,
yellowish beneath, sixth to eighth joints snowy white, club
black ; metanotum brownish ; basal third of anterior wings clear,
middle third dusky and separated by a clear transverse band from
the distal third, which is also dusky, with two large wedge-shaped
clear spots entering it, one from the anterior, the other from the
posterior border of the wing ; marginal vein very dark brown, the
remaining veins lighter and more indistinct; all tarsi dusky at
tips; abdomen with brown lateral spots on the first and second
segments.

Male : length 0.85 mm. ; mostly shining metallic green ; scape
light yellow, flagel dusky ; mesonotum with a bronze or- copper
tinge ; wings clear, veins dark brown ; all legs light yellow, nearly
white, tarsi dark at tips.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 505

Listed as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan soft scale
{Coccus hesperidum) , also bred from Eulecanium cerasifex and
E. fletcheri.

°E. montinus Packard. Scudder, Butterflies of New England,
Vol. iii, PI. 89, Fig. 4.

Female : length 2 mm. ; mostly metallic green above, dull
yellow at sides and beneath ; head dull yellow, scape testaceous,
pedicel and first four joints of funicle yellowish brown with dark
hairs, fifth and sixth joint? of funicle white with white hairs,
club black with black hairs ; pronotum, tegulse and legs yellow,
except hind femora, which are somewhat dusky above; front
wings cloudy, with a single clear band extending across the wing
from just beyond the stigma to the posterior border, curving
slightly outward, an oblique hairless line also extending from the
stigma across toward the base of the wing, the course of one of
the spurious veins extending from the hairless line to the hyaline
band; abdomen with its tip dull yellow.

°E. bucculatricis Howard. Lintner, First N. Y. Rept., 1882,

Fig. 43-

Female: length 1.2 mm.; mostly black, with a slight luster;
antennas, except scape, yellowish brown with gray hairs; wings
clear; mid legs with their trochanters and femoro-tibial articu-
lations, a medial band and distal end on tibiae, and the spurs of
the latter, whitish, front and hind legs colored the same except
the medial tibial band, all tarsi whitish, often with a yellowish
tinge; abdomen smooth, ovipositor slightly exserted.

Bred from Bucculatrix pomifoliella.

°E. anass Ashmead,

Female: length 1.25 mm.; head blue-black, cheeks decidedly
blue, antennae mostly pale brown, scape yellowish at base ; thorax
blue-black, except the tip of the scutel, which is cupreous, and
the pleurae, which are decidedly blue ; femora with a large bluish
blotch in the middle, tarsi yellowish ; abdomen cupreous.

Recorded as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan squash
bug (Anctsa tristis).

°E. (Aphidencjrrtus) aphidiphagus Ashmead.

Female: body mostly blue-black; length 1.5 mm.; face and
mouth-parts blue, ocellar region greenish, antennae brown; hind

506 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BulL

margin of thorax metallic green; wings hyaline; legs mostly
honey-yellow, all femora brown except at tips, tibiae with a brown
blotch near their base, terminal tarsal joints dusky; abdomen
blue-black with bronzy reflections.
Bred from Aphis hrassicce.

°E, clisiocampae Ashmead.

Female: length 0.8 mm.; mostly aeneous or dark bronzy
green; antennae ii-jointed, pale brown; mesopleurae blue-black,
tip of scutel violaceous; wings hyaline; coxse, femora and tibiae
pale brown outwardly toward base, rest of legs light honey-
yellow; abdomen aeneous, its membranous attachment to the
thorax whitish or carneous. Male : legs mostly pale, their femora
and tibiae only slightly dusky; antennae paler brown.

Bred from the eggs of Malacosoma disstria.

SIGNIPHORID^.
Signiphora Ashmead.

°S. flavopalliata Ashmead. Orange Insects, 1880, PI. ii, Figs.
2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 13.

Face round, ocelli equidistant or nearly so, antennae inserted
at the border of the clypeus, 6- jointed, scape reaching nearly to
th^ top of the head when lying in apposition with the same, pedi-
cel nearly as long as the scape, first three joints of the funicle
very small, club apparently without sutures, mandibles bidentate,
labial palpi rudimentary, maxillary palpi 3-jointed; anterior wings
with the submarginal and marginal veins subequal in length,
stigmal vein thinner than the marginal and curved, marginal and
stigmal veins with some stiff bristles, disk of wing not ciliate,
margin of wing ciliate from just beyond the stigmal vein around
to a point opposite the stigmal vein, hind wings with the margin
ciliate from beyond the marginal vein around nearly to the hind
base; mid tibiae with a number of stout bristles, apical spur
as long as the first tarsal joint and with five or six bristles at
regular intervals on the inner edge ; front and hind legs unarmed ;
abdomen broadly sessile, rounded at tip, apical spiracles facing
ventrally, ovipositor somewhat exserted. Male: penis cleft at
tip.

Listed as an American parasite of the purple scale {Lepido-
saphes beckii).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 507

EUPELMID^.
Key to Genera.

1. Eyes hairy, at least in the female * 2

Eyes not hairy; posterior tibiae and first tarsal joint not com-
pressed 7

2. Females 3

Males S

3. Hind tibiae and first tarsal joint not compressed, or the for-

mer rarely only slightly so, front femora not much swollen,
first tarsal joint of mid legs with strong spines or minute
black teeth beneath; head as long as wide, or nearly so,
face rarely deeply excavated, front ocellus never placed in
a furrow, eyes oblong or ovate; axillae widely separated,
wings present, scutel without a tuft of hair; abdomen
clavate or spatulate, not as long as thorax or shorter than
head and thorax combined; depressed or flat above, dorsal

flaps not incised, or the incision not very deep 4

Hind tibiae and first tarsal joint compressed; axillae meeting
at base of scutel; antennae 13-jointed Metapelma p. 508

4. Malar furrow distinct, no carina extending from lower part

of each eye to base of each antenna; antennae inserted on
or somewhat below an imaginary straight line drawn
tangent to base of eyes, rarely slighted above such a line

Anastatus p. 508
Malar furrow indistinct or subobsolete, a distinct carina ex-
tending from lower part of each eye to base of each an-
tenna; antennae inserted just above clypeus

Arachnophaga p. 509

5. Hind tibiae and first tarsal joint not compressed, or former

rarely only slightly so, front femora not much swollen;

antennae not branched 6

Hind tibiae and first tarsal joint compressed; eyes hairy,
flagel subclavate, obliquely truncate at tip .. Metapelma p. 508

6. Antennae inserted near middle of face above an imaginary

straight line drawn tangent to base of eyes, flagel fili-
form, clothed with dense pubescence, joints of funicle
thicker than long; mesonotal furrows distinct, entire; hind
tibiae not compressed; postmarginal vein twice or nearly

twice as long as the stigmal Anastatus p. 508

Antennae inserted just above clypeus or below an imaginary
straight line drawn tangent to base of eyes; hind tibiae
somewhat compressed; pedicel obconic, smaller than first
joint of funicle, joints of the latter, except sometimes the
sixth and seventh, longer than thick; dorsal abdominal

segments not incised medially at apex

Arachnophaga p. 509

508 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

7. Front not indented below the antennal groove; middle or

anterior ocellus not situate in antennal groove; scutel

with a narrow base • • • • °

Front indented below the antennal grooves; anterior or mid-
dle ocellus in antennal groove; middle tibiae not very long

Eusandalum p. 509

8. First tarsal joint of mid legs with strong spines beneath

Eupelmus p. 510
First tarsal joint pf mid legs without strong spines beneath

Ptinobius p. 511

Metapelma Westw^ood.

°M. spectabilis Westwood.

Female : length 4.5 mm. ; head green with cupreous reflections,
antennae black ; thorax concolorous with the head ; anterior and
mid legs ferruginous with greenish reflections, mid tarsi fuscous,
white at base, posterior legs fuscous, with their femora rufous
at base, their tibiae white at base ; wings cloudy behind the middle,
hardly infumated ; abdomen black with chalybeous and purple
reflections, ovipositor nearly half the length of the body.

Anastatus Motschulsky.
°A. mirabilis Walsh. Eupelmus mirabilis. Insects of Missouri,
6th Ann. Rept., 1874, Figs. 48, 49,

Female : length 3-3.5 mm. ; head brilliant greenish coppery,
with purple reflections, mouth and clypeus black, antennae with
the scape rufous and the other joints brown-black ; prothorax
rufous, mesonotum brilliant greenish coppery color, rest of thorax
above black, with blue and green reflections, pleurae sometimes
rufo-piceous in part, sternum black, with metallic green reflec-
tions, membranous parts before and on each side of scutel rufous,
a bright blue plate on each side of metathorax ; legs rufous, hind
coxae dusky, especially above, mid and hind femora and tibiae a
little clouded externally with dusky, last tarsal joint of all legs
dusky; front wings mostly dusky, with the apical sixth some-
times hyaline and the basal third and a transverse widely inter-
rupted band a little beyond the middle whitish subhyaline, veins
brown, hind wings hyaline, with their veins pale brown ; abdomen
mostly black, first segment with all but its basal fourth semi-
transparent white, sheaths of ovipositor white.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 509

Male: smaller than female; partly brilliant metallic green,
with faint blue and purple reflections ; head bright green, antennae
black ; thorax above either bright metallic or coppery green, with
purple reflections, metathorax more bluish; all femora dusky,
with a faint bluish reflection, trochanters rufous, coxae steel-blue,
front and middle tibiae white, hind tibiae dusky, all tarsi white,
with the apical joint occasionally dusky; wings hyaline, stigmal
vein faint ; abdomen dark metallic blue.

Arachnophaga Ashmead.

°A. picea Riley.

Female: length 3.1 mm.; mostly aeneous black, with bronzy
and metallic reflections; lower part of face and cheeks metallic
green, anterior edge of clypeus and the mandibles ferruginous,
palpi blackish, scape pale ferruginous ; trochanters, anterior and
mid femora, tibiae and tarsi beneath, and posterior femora at tip,
ferruginous, posterior femora and posterior coxae with a metallic
aeneous tinge, the latter with some silvery hairs, rest of legs
blackish; wings hyaline, with a fuliginous blotch below the mar-
ginal vein ; tegulae dull fuscous, mesopleurae blue-black ; abdomen
ovate, truncate behind, flat above, convex beneath, ovipositor
nearly one-third the length of the body.

Male: body 2.1 mm. long; colored like the female except as
follows: legs not ferruginous beneath, mid and posterior tarsi
white, wings clear hyaline throughout, with the veins pallid.

Bred from the eggs of a spider {Epeira glohosa).

Eusandalum Ratzeburg.
Ratseburgia Foerster.
°E. amphicerovorum Ashmead. Kansas State Agricultural
College, Experiment Station, Bull. 3, 1888, Fig. 3.

Male: length nearly 8 mm.; head purple and gold, antennae
black, with aeneous tinges; thorax mostly metallic brown, pro-
thorax at sides and the metathorax blue ; legs reddish yellow, with
the hind coxae purplish; abdomen metallic brown with a brassy
spot at base.

Bred from Amphicerus bicaudatus.

510 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Eupelmus Dalman.

°E. allynii French.

Female : length 2.5 mm. ; mostly black with a greenish luster ;
antennae uniformly black; wings hyaline; legs more or less
yellow ; femora of anterior and posterior legs, or all femora may
be fuscous except at ends, tibiae with basal half fuscous, terminal
joint of tarsi fuscous; or all femora may be pale red and the
tibiae fuscous, or the mid tibiae may be a little clouded at base.
Male: femora yellow, front tibiae yellow, mid and hind tibiae
fuscous, except at apices, which are yellow ; otherwise colored as
in the female.

This is on record as an important American parasite of the
Hessian fly.

°E. reduvii Howard.

Female: length on an average 2.4 mm.; head dark metallic
green, scape light yellow-brown, flagel black, with whitish hairs;
mesonotum metallic green with coppery brown reflections, scute!
brilliant light metallic green, sides of mesosternum yellowish;
front legs yellowish brown, darker along the upper side, tarsal
claws dark brown, mid legs colored like the front legs except that
the serrated edge of first two tarsal joints is nearly black, hind
legs all dark brown, lighter beneath; front wing with a dusky
transverse band at the point where the subcostal vein reaches the
costa, and another transverse band at the point where the stigma
is given off, with its proximal border convex and well defined and
its distal border gradually merging into the hyaline wing tip.

Male: average length 1.5 mm.; antennae dark brown; head,
prothorax, and mesonotum dark metallic green, rest of thorax
coppery brown; abdomen dark brown, nearly black; front legs
mostly light yellow, their tarsal claws brown; mid femora yel-
lowish, with a brown stripe along the upper edge, their tibiae
yellow, with a brown annulation at distal end, tibial spines yellow,
first and second tarsal joints yellow, the rest brown ; hind femora
brown, proximal half of their tibiae yellow, the remainder dark
brown ; all coxae yellow ; wings clear, subcostal vein and stigma
light brown.

Listed as an American parasite of the cosmopolitan squash
bug (Anasa tristis).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 5II

°E. limneriae Howard.

Female : length 3 mm. ; mostly metallic green, including
coxae ; antennae black with metallic reflections ; head about as wide
as thorax; front femora honey-yellow, with -a. dark, somewhat
metallic stripe on the outer side, mid femora honey-yellow, some-
what darker above, hind femora metallic, front and mid tibiae
honey-yellow, hind tibiae with somewhat more than basal half
fuscous, all tarsi yellowish, black at tip ; abdomen about as long
as the thorax.

This is a secondary parasite of the white-marked tussock
moth (Hemerocampa leucosHgma) with (Limnerium) Campo-
plex (?) validus as host, also a tertiary parasite of the above moth
with Spilochalcis debilis as host.

°E. zeli Ashmead.

Female : length 2.5 mm. ; head and thorax mostly dark metallic
green; antennae pale brown; posterior raised lobe of mesonotum
bluish, raised portion of mesonotum outside of parapsidal grooves,
pleurae, sternum, and legs including coxae, mostly rufo-piceous,
scutel and scapulae bright golden, mid legs with their first to
fourth tarsal joints provided with black teeth beneath, their spurs
and tarsi yellowish, upper edge of posterior tibiae blackish ; wings
hyaline, with two transverse brown bands ; abdomen blue-black,
exserted portion of ovipositor as long as the body.

Bred from the eggs of a bug, Zelns longipes.

°E. sp.
Bred from a Cecidomyid, Diplosis resimcola, on Pinus rigida.

°E. sp.
Host: Aleiodes intermedins.

Ptinobius Ashmead.
This genus is referred to the Cleonymidae in Ashmead's classi-
fication.

°P. magnificus Ashmead. Kansas State Agricultural College,
Experiment Station, Bull. 3, 1888, Fig. 2.

Female: length 6 mm.; purple and gold-green; antennae
mostly dark brown, with the scape yellowish brown; legs red,
with the single tibial spur of mid pair white ; wings hyaline, with
the exception of two brown blotches, one beneath the commence-

512 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

ment of the marginal vein, the other at the beginning of the
postmarginal ; abdomen with the first and second segments
cupreous, the third golden green, the fourth purplish green, the
fifth and following segments all dark blue; ovipositor not
exserted beyond tip of abdomen.

Reared from the beetle Amphicerus bicaudatus.

CALLIMOMID^.
Key to Genera.

1. Ovipositor exserted; antennae with one ring-joint; flagel be-

yond* ring-joint 8-jointed 2

Ovipositor not exserted Ormyrus p. 512

2. Stigmal vein knobless, or without a large knob; abdomen

in male not narrowed 3

Stigmal vein with a very large knob; abdomen in male
much narrowed at base Megastigmus p. 513

3. Posterior femora more or less dentate beneath 4

Posterior femora not at all dentate beneath 6

4. Posterior femora beneath with a single large tooth some

distance from the knee, scutel with a transverse furrow

behind the middle 5

Posterior femora finely dentate and in some cases with a
single larger tooth in addition at some distance from the
knee; posterior margin of first abdominal segment not
incised Oligosthenus p. 514

5. Posterior margin of first abdominal segment not incised

in either sex Monodontomerus p. 514

Posterior margin of first abdominal segment incised in
the middle in the female, incised or not incised in the
male , Diomorus p. 513

6. Scutel with a distinct transverse furrow; first abdominal seg-

ment with its posterior margin entire or incised

Syntomaspis p. 514
Scutel without a transverse furrow; first abdominal segment
of male with its posterior margin incised Callimome p. 515

Ormyrus Westwood.

°0. ventricosus Ashmead.

Female: length 4 mm. or nearly so; mostly uniform aeneous
green or dark greenish blue, including the scape and legs; an-
terior tarsal joints streaked above with brown, and the four ter-
minal joints of middle legs brown, the basal joints yellowish, or

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 513

all tarsal joints whitish and rest of legs greenish blue; abdomen
bluish green above.

Bred from Andricus ventricosus.
°0. vacciniicola Ashmead.

Female : length 2.5-3 "i"i- '■> mostly blue-black, with a slight
metallic luster; head finely transversely rugulose, antennae mostly
dark brown, scape rufous ; thorax with wrinkled sculpture almost
wanting; legs mostly pale brown with a reddish cast, posterior
femora slightly infuscated above, all coxae brown, except base of
posterior pair ; wings hyaline with brown veins ; abdomen much
compressed, brown with a metallic luster, a row of white hairs
on each segment except the basal one, the apex produced into a
slender point.

Bred from the gall-fly Solenozopheria vaccinii.

°0. sp.
Bred from Diastrophus cuscutceformis.

Megastigmus Dalman.

°M. canadensis Ashmead.

Female : length 2.5 mm. ; mostly scaly punctate, and blue or
bluish green in color; head broader than thorax, antennae brown
and pubescent ; wings hyaline, stigmal vein knobbed and extending
to the middle of the wing; legs mostly yellowish white,, femora,
except at tips, brown or greenish ; abdomen dull metallic green.
Bred from an oak gall, Biorhiza forticornis.

°M. (?) flavipes Ashmead.

Male: length 1.5 mm.; mostly light blue, finely and conflu-
ently punctate; antennae brownish black; wings hyaline, stigmal
vein rather as in Torymiis, knobbed, legs yellow ; abdomen toward
apex aeneous.

Reared from a cecidomyious larva on cedar.

Diomorus Walker.
°D. zabriskei Cresson.

Female : length 5 mm. ; mostly bright metallic green, varied
with shades of blue; antennae mostly black, base of scape testa-
ceous; thorax confluently punctate; wings hyaline, faintly dusky
at tips ; legs mostly green or blue, tibiae fuscous or black, whitish

33

514 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

at base, as is also the base of the tarsi, posterior femora Avith a
tooth beneath near apex; abdomen smooth, polished, green to
brilliant blue or purple in certain lights, ovipositor rather longer
than the abdomen.

Bred from the nest of Ceratina dupla.

Oligosthenus Foerster.

°0. stigma Fabricius.

Female: length 4.5 mm.; mostly black, only slightly shining
metallic, punctate and rugulose; mandibles, tibiae and tarsi more
or less yellowish; wings mostly hyaline, with a rounded cloud
near the stigmal vein and in addition a weaker cloud in the middle
of the wing, which latter is connected with the former by a weak
shadow-like infuscation; abdomen compressed from side to side,
ovipositor much longer than the abdomen, and yellowish. Male:
much like the female.

Bred from the cosmopolitan rose gall-fly {Rhodites rosoe).

Monodontomerus Westwood.
M. aereus Walker.

Female: length 2.5-3.3 nini. ; dark green, often with more or
less coppery color ; tibiae reddish-brown, tarsi yellow ; the row
of pits at the margin of the scutellum complete, and as distinct
medially as laterally; ovipositor about two-thirds as long as the
abdomen; propodeum medially carinate, and basally on each side
of the carina a quadrangular depression; back of these usually
another smaller depression. Male: essentially as in the female.

A parasite of the brown-tail moth, introduced into Massachu-
setts from Europe in 1906, and now widely distributed. Re-
covered at Putnam, 191*, and at Hartford and Suffield, 1915.
t

Syntomaspis Foerster.*

S. lazulella Ashmead.

Female: length 2.6 mm.; mostly blue, with close punctures;
antennae black, face with slight metallic tingeings ; pleurae also
with slight metallic tingeings, collar and mesonotum transversely
scratched in addition to being punctate; anterior tibiae and all
tarsi, except apical joints, pale yellowish white, tibiae usually
with a blue streak above, mid and posterior tibiae, except narrowly

See Callimome for species sometimes referred to this genus.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 515

at base and apex, blue ; wings hyaline, venation pale, the marginal
vein about six times as long as the postmarginal, the latter twice
as long as the stigmal, stigmal vein with a slight process ; abdo-
men smooth and impunctate, except for a scaly punctuation at
the sides.

Reared from timothy grass infested by Isosoma, at the Experi-
ment Station in New Haven. Bred from oak galls.

Callimome Spinola.
Torymus Dalman,

C. bedeguaris (Linnaeus). Torymus magnificus Osten
Sacken.

Female : length 4 mm. or a little longer. Male : length 3.5
mm. Thorax green or bluish green, collar with a purplish red
spot near its junction with the head; abdomen blue or greenish
at base, purplish and coppery toward tip, exserted portion of
ovipositor 5-6 mm. long.

Bred from the root gall of the rose produced by Rhodites
radicum, also from R. bicolor, etc.

*C. brevicauda Osten Sacken. C. sackeni Ashmead.

Female: length 3.5 mm. Male: length 3 mm. or slightly
longer. Mostly bluish green; anterior coxae yellow, with a
green spot near the base, tarsi reddish yellow ; abdomen with red-
dish or coppery reflections, exserted portion of ovipositor about
1.5 mm. long.

Reared from the galls of Diastrophus nehulosus on blackberry
stems.

*C. flavicoxa Osten Sacken.

Female : length 'about 3 mm. ; mostly coppery green ; tarsi
yellow, hind coxge yellow, except at base, where they are bright
green ; anterior wings with a slight shade of yellow in the middle ;
anterior half of abdomen yellow, remainder of abdomen purplish
coppery, exserted portion of ovipositor 2.5 mm. long.

Bred from the galls of Rhodites radicum.

°C. advena Osten Sacken Syntomaspis.
Female: length about 3 mm. Male: length about 2 mm.
Mostly greenish blue ; head punctate ; thorax punctate ; femora
greenish or bluish, tibias of female yellow, posterior pair infus-

5l6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

cated in the middle, all tibiae in the male infuscated, tarsi mostly
yellow, whitish at base, brown at tip; abdomen dark green and
shining in the male, brilliant green and in part bluish in the
female ; exserted portion of ovipositor 2.3-3 mm. long.

Reared from the galls of Diastrophus nebulosus on blackberry
stems.

°C. harrisi Fitch.

Female and male : length 2.5 mm. ; mostly black ; basal joint
of antennae black in the male, pale or whitish in the female;
anterior wings usually with a smoky cloud or spot in the middle ;
legs mostly pale yellow, femora black, anterior and posterior tibiae
more or less dusky, claws black.

°C. tubicola Osten Sacken. Syntomaspis.

Female: length 2.2 mm. Male: length 1.7 mm. Mostly green
with bluish reflections ; thorax sericeous, with some scattered
impressions that are indistinct; legs mostly black or greenish
black, tarsi whitish, except tips, which are black ; abdomen bright,
shining green or bluish green, exserted portion of ovipositor 0.25
mm. long.

Bred from the galls of Andricus tubicola.

°C. chrysochlora Osten Sacken.

Feanale: length 3.5-4 mm. Male: length 2.5 mm. Mostly
bright green; legs yellow; abdomen somewhat bluish near the
base, exserted portion of ovipositor about 3 mm. long.
Bred from the galls of Rhodites dichlocerus.
°C. sp.
Bred from Diastrophus cuscutceformis.

°C. pachypsyllae (Ashmead). Monodontomerus pachypsyllce
Ashmead,

Female : length 3-4 mm. ; mostly golden green ; finely conflu-
ently punctate and with a few scattered punctures ; occiput, face
and cheek more or less blue; scape and pedicel pale brownish
yellow, flagel brown-black; collar above blue, metathorax and
mesopleurse steel-blue, scutel with a transverse furrow behind the
middle; wings mostly hyaline, veins brown, stigma ovate, with a
slight projection and a dusky shade surrounding it; legs, includ-
ing all coxae, pale testaceous, posterior femora armed beneath with
a subapical tooth or process; abdominal flap straight, ovipositor

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 5 17

2.5-3 mm. long and brown-black. Male: length nearly 2 mm.;
differs from the other sex in the almost entirely green head and
in the presence of more of the metathoracic blue on the thorax.
Reared from the Psyllid Pachypsylla venusta Osten Sacken.

EURYTOMIDAE,
Key to Genera.

1. Metathorax above not longer than scutel 2

Mctathorax above always longer than scutel 9

2. Marginal vein stigmated; hind tibiae posteriorly provided

with rigid bristles; antennae at most ii-jointed, with one
ring-joint, funicle 4-jointed and very similar in both sexes,

without whorls of hair 3

Marginal vein not stigmated 4

3. Front wings without a dusky submarginal blotch or band..

Eodecatoma p. 519
Front wings with a dusky submarginal blotch or band ....

Decatoma p. 518

4. Antennse 13-jointcd, with two or three ring-joints, and very

similar in t)Oth sexes, funicle joints not excised or petiolate

at apex and witlKwit whorls of hair 5

Antennae 10- to 12-jointed, with only one ring-joint, and
dissimilar in the sexes, male funicle joints excised or
petiolate at apex, and with whorls of hair or with sparse
hair; body not metallic; mesonotum umbiMcately pune-
t?ate; first joint of flagel shorter than scape; mesonotum
with distinct, complete furrows; head sometimes with a
deep antennal furrow, but anterior ocellus never placed
therein 6

5. Pronotum quadrate, a little narrower than mesonotum

Macrorileya p. 519
Pronotum as wide as mesonotum, a little more than twice
as wide as long Rileya p. 520

6. Marginal vein always distinctly longer than stigmal vein,

and tibiae with two apical spurs 7

Marginal vein not as long as or scarcely longer than stig-
mal vein °

7. Females: postmarginal vein not much longer than stigmal;

antennae filiform or nearly so, at most subclavate, not
much thickened toward apex; joints of funicle cylindrical;
abdomen conic-ovate, subcompressed, fifth seement seen

from the side shorter than wide Eur3rtoma p. 520

Males: postmarginal vein only a little longer than stigmal;
funicle 5-jointed, joints at apex above excised, pedi-
cellate, and with long whorls of hair; body of abdomen
subovate, petiole usually longer than hind coxae, fourth
I;:' segment longest Eurytoma p. 520

5l8 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

8. Females: abdomen ovate, subcompressed, fourth and fifth

segments subequal and a little longer than the others

Bruchophagus p. 520
Males: funicle 4-jointed, joints briefly pedunculate at apex,
with sparse, irregularly arranged hairs; body of abdomen
oval, fourth segment largest Bruchophagus p. 520

9. Head not cornuted, eyes oval or ovate; marginal vein longer

than stigmal, or rarely shorter, never stigmated; abdomen
in female conic-ovate or conically pointed; antennae dis-
similar in the sexes, in female generally subclavate, in
male with joints of funicle excised or constricted at

apex and with whorls of long hairs 10

Head cornuted, much wider than thorax, eyes round; mar-
ginal vein four or more times longer than stigmal vein;
antennae ii-jointed Axima p. 524

10. Females; winged", marginal vein always longer than stigmal;

metathorax sloping or rounded behind, not abruptly and
squarely truncate behind, thorax more or less distinctly
umbilicately punctate, punctate, or shagreened, opaque,
never smooth and shining; antennae usually ll-jointed,

with one ring-joint, funicle 5-jointed ll

Males: marginal vein always longer than stigmal; metatho-
rax not abruptly and squarely truncate behind, either
sloping or rounded, thorax more or less distinctly umbili-
cately punctate or coarsely shagreened, opaque; head
sculptured like thorax 12

11. Mesonotum umbilicately punctate, punctate or rugulose; ab-

domen conically pointed, segments subequal in length,
fourth not or only slightly longer than third. .Isosoma p. 522
Mesonotum with middle lobe nearly smooth, delicately punc-
tate, usually with delicate transverse scratches anteriorly;
abdomen conically pointed Evoxysoma p. 523

12. Mesonotum more or less distinctly umbilicately punctate, not

finely transversely scratched anteriorly; joints of funicle
more than twice longer than thick, constricted or briefly
pedicellate at apex, and with indistinct whorls of hair....

Isosoma p. 522
Mesonotum not punctate as in Isosoma, middle lobe smoother,
delicately punctate, usually with delicate transverse
scratches anteriorly Evoxysoma p. 523

Decatotna Spinola.
°D. varians Walsh.
Female: length 2.5-4 mm. Male: length 2-3.5 ^^- ^^^^
ocher-yellow to honey-yellow to rufous ; vertex with a black spot
in the immediate vicinity of the ocelli and variable in extent;

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 519

antennae from pale honey-yellow to rufous, rarely with brown-
black above on the flagel ; pronotum either spotless, or with a
subquadrate black patch over it, or with only the lateral and basal
portions black; mesonotum and metanotum black, generally with
the sutures and the entire postscutellar triangles of the
mesonotum yellow or rufous, pleurae usually immaculate, rarely
varied somewhat with black; legs usually with an abbreviated
black mark on the femora, with occasionally all of the posterior
femora black except extreme base and apex, tibiae with a macula-
tion analogous to that of the femora, all except hind coxae spot-
less, the hind coxae more or less maculated with black above ; wings
mostly hyaline, stigma and veins black ; abdomen with the petiole
in the male nearly two-thirds and in the female nearly one-fifth
as long as the rest of the abdomen; the abdomen mostly black,
with the petiole, two or three segments beyond, and the venter,
often more or less piceous, rufous or honey-yellow; or the male
abdomen may be mostly honey-yellow, with a black patch on
posterior half of the dorsum.

Bred from galls of Andricus podagrce.

Eudecatoma Ashmead.
Spalangia.
°E. quercilanae Fitch.
Length 2-2.5 "^"^- ! mostly black, with the face, antennae, and
propleurae whitish or greenish yellow ; legs whitish or greenish
yellow, upper side of hind femora and first joint of antennae
sometimes black, stigfma black ; abdomen beneath tawny red.

°E. quercilanae var. dorsalis Fitch.

Thorax pale greenish yellow, with a black stripe along its
middle; abdomen yellow, black above, and usually with black
lateral bands.

Bred from Philonyx erinacei and Ceroptres Hens.

Macrorileya Ashmead.

°M. cecanthi Ashmead. Rileya cecanthi.

Female : length 6 mm. ; mostly black ; face with two furrows
extending from base of antennae to clypeus ; parapsides distinct ;
wings hyaline, veins black, marginal vein longer than the sub-
costal, stigmal vein not quite one-third as long as the marginal,

520 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

ending in a stigma and a claw-like projection, postmarginal vein
extending to the apex of the wing; tips of femora, tibiae and tarsi
honey-yellow; abdomen subsessile, cyHndrical, pointed at apex,
and about three times as long as the rest of the body.
Male : length 2.5 mm. ; abdomen only one-third longer than rest
of bo<iy, and less pointed than in the female.
Bred from eggs of tree crickets.

Rileya Ashmcad.
Megastigma.

°R. cecidomjriae Ashmead.

Female and male: length 1-2 mm.; mostly yellowish; head
blue, face sometimes green; head of male may be all blue;
propleurae and tegulac of male may be pale yellowish ; thorax of
male sometimes blue ; wings hyaline ; legs may be pale yellowish
or almost white in the male, except a brown stripe along upper
edge of posterior tibiae and tarsi; abdomen occasionally with
some greenish spots ; venter of male sometimes all pale yellowish.
Bred from a Cecidomyid gall on Baccharis halimifolia.

Bruchopha^us Ashmead.

B. funebris Howard. Clover-seed Chalcis. U. S. Dept.
Agric, Bureau of Entomology, Circular No. 69, Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8.

Length about 1.7 mm.; mostly black, lower part of anterior
legs and all tarsi light brown.

Egg whitish, polished and smooth. Larva whitish, com-
pletely filling the seed shell when mature. Pupa whitish, but
changing to brown prior to the emergence of the imago.

This remarkable insect is one of the few injurious
Gialcidoidea, in that it lays its eggs directly in the seeds of red
and crimson clover and alfalfa, whereupon the larva hatches and
then completely destroys all of the seed inside the shell.

New Haven, 20 July, 1904 (W. E, B.).

Eurytoma Illiger.

°E. studiosa Say.

Length less than 2.5 mm. ; mostly black; antennae moniliform;
pronotum at least twice as broad as long, scutel obtusely rounded
behind ; wings hyaline ; knees and tips of tibiae honey-yellow, tarsi,

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 521

especially the posterior pair, whitish; abdomen polished, im-
punctate, rather oval, orbicular when seen from the side, petiole
shorter than the posterior coxae and trochanters combined.

°E. diastrophi Walsh.
Female : length nearly 3-4 mm. Male : length about 3 mm.
Antennse in both sexes at most rufous only basally, occasionally
entirely black; all coxae black, as are the hind femora and hind
tibiae, except at base and tip ; femora and tibiae of mid legs and
femora of front legs often more or less marked with black ex-
ternally; abdomen entirely black.

Bred from the galls of Diastrophus cuscutxformis.

°E. bolteni Riley.

Female: length 4.5 mm. Male: length nearly 3 mm.; an-
tennae black ; legs mostly fulvous, coxae, femora, and more or less
of tibiae blackish brown; wings transparent, colorless, veins faint;
alxlomen black, smooth and highly polished.

Parasitic on larvae of Gelechia gallcesolid^ginis.

°E. bic«lor Walsh.

Female: length 2-3 mm. Male: length nearly 3 mm.
Mostly honey-yellow ; head subopaque, confluently punctate ; occi-
put above, and a spot enclosing ocelli and extending in one male
in an angle nearly to the origin of the antennas, but usually more
or less widely confluent behind with the occipital spot, all black;
scape honey-yellow except at tip, the second joint black, remain-
ing joints brown-black; thorax with its sculpture similar to that
of the head, but coarser; pronotum sometimes with only a black
triangular area, usually entirely black ; propleuras usually parti)
black, with the black sometimes enclosing a pale dot ; mesonotum
and metanotum, except sometimes a small space above the wings,
black ; legs, including coxas and trochanters, honey-yellow, some-
times immaculate, usually with the femora and tibiae, especially
of the female, more or less lightly tinged or marked with dusky
above, each succeeding pair of legs more evidently so; wings
hyaline, veins brownish white, usually merging into brown-black
toward their tips ; abdomen polished, black in the male, black,
with the venter and more or less of lower part of dorsum honey-
yellow, in the female.

Bred from galls on black oak.

522 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°E. quercipisi Fitch.

Length 2.5-3 mm. ; mostly black ; anterior and middle femora
black or brown in the middle, their tibiae usually white, but often
brown in the middle, all tarsi white.

^E. lanulas Fitch.

Length 2 mm. ; mostly black ; only tarsi white, and these with
their tips dusky; abdomen smooth and poHshed.

Bred from galls on willows and woolly galls on oak leaves.

°E. querciglobuli Fitch.

Length nearly 4 mm.; mostly black; basal joint of antennae
dull white; legs dull white, except the femora, which are pale
dull yellow; abdomen tinged with pale dull yellow beneath.
°E. auriceps Walsh.

Female: length 2.5-3.5 ^^- Male: length 2.5-3 nim. ; hair
of head and rest of body golden yellow ; apical joint of antennae
sometimes rufous; hind coxae occasionally tinged with black ex-
ternally. Female with the hind coxae and occasionally with a
cloud in the middle of the anterior portion of hind femora, black,
or the hind femora entirely black in the middle, mid and front
coxze generally more or less black, abdomen in female entirely
black.

Bred from Philonix erinacei.-
°E. dorcaschemae Ash mead.

Female and male: size similar to that in bolteni and
studiosa; male hardly separable from these two species; legs,
except knees and tips of tibiae, black.

Bred from Dorcaschema alternatum.
°E. sp.

Host : Aulacidea solidaginis.

Isosoma Walker.
To this genus belong the joint worms that are injurious to
grain, but can be kept in check by seeing to it that all straw of
any one season is entirely used up before the advent of another
spring.

Key to Species.

Fetnales.

I. Mesonotum not smooth 2

Mesonotum smooth and polished 4

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 523

2. Mesonotum |pgulose, shagreened or coriaceous, but not

umbilicately punctate; thorax opaque or subopaque; abdo-
men longer than thorax 3

Mesonotum more or less umbilicately punctate; pronotum
with a rather distinct spot hageni

3. ' Pronotum with a minute spot hordei

Pronotum with a large spot; second abdominal segment
shorter than fourth and fifth together tritici

4. Winged gfrande form grande

Wingless gremde form minutum

The males must be determined by associating them with their
mates.

°I. (Philachyra) grande Riley. U. S. Dept. Agric, Div. En-
tomology, Bull. 2, Technical Ser., 1896, Fig. i.; U. S. Dept.
Agric, Ann. Rept., 1881-2, PI, xii, Fig. 3.

In this species there is an alternation of generations which
gives it a unique position in the genus Isosoma. The winged
summer generation is the form grande, and consists only of
females; the wingless spring and winter generation, the form
minutum Howard, consists of both sexes.

°I. hageni Howard.

°I. tritici Fitch. U. S. Dept. Agric, Div. Entomology, Bull.
2, Technical Ser., 1896, Fig. 7.
I. hordei Harris.
Reared from barley.

I. sp.

Reared from timothy grass at the Experiment Station in New
Haven.

Evoxysoma Ashmead.
°E. vitis Saunders. U. S. Dept. Agric, Div. Entomology,
Bull. 2, Technical Ser., 1896, Fig. 9.

Female : length 3 mm, ; head, pronotum, and mesonotum um-
bilicately punctate; metanotum with a median longitudinal de-
pression with convex sides, shagreened in the center ; mesopleurae
below tegulse shagreened, as are all the coxae ; antennae submonili-
f orm ; abdomen as long as head and thorax combined ; body most-
ly black ; scape yellowish ; all coxae black except front pair, which
are somewhat yellowish at tip, rest of front and mid legs honey-
yellow, hind femora brown medially, honey-yellow at both ends,

524 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

their tibiae honey-yellow, slightly brownish in the middle; abdo-
men brownish only at base beneath. Male: petiole shagreened,
longer than hind coxae and as long as the succeeding abdominal
segment ; all legs, except mid and hind coxae, honey-yellow.
Reared from grape seeds.

Axima Walker.
°A. zabriskci Howard. Insect Life, Vol. ii., p. 365, Figs.
68-70.

Female: length 6 mm.; mostly black, with indefinite ferru-
ginous markings, especially on the thorax ; antennae mostly black,
scape reddish at base; thorax on sides of pronotum and mesono-
tum more ferruginous than elsewhere ; all coxae black and punc-
tate, all trochanters dark honey-yellow, all femora and tibiae
black in the middle and dark honey-yellow at the tips, all tarsi
honey-yellow; wings hyaline, yeins very dark brown; abdomen
ferruginous only at base beneath; male rery much lil«e the
female.

Bred from nests of Ceratina dupla, or the small carpenter bee.

PERILAMPID^.
Key to Genera.

Scutel not produced into a spear-shaped process or spine;
thorax umbilicately punctate; antennae 13-jointed, flagel at
most subclavate Perilampua p. 524

Scutel prolonged into a spear-shaped process or spine

Ettpcrilampus p. 525

Pcrilampua Latreillc.

P. hyalinus Say.

Length 5 mm. ; mostly cyaneous, legs mostly greenish golden,
tarsi rufous, scutel emarginate-bidentate at apex.

Stafford, 24 August 1905, on goldenrod (W. E. B.).

Has been reared from Campoplex (Ameloctonus) fugitivus.

P. platygaster Say.

Length about 6 mm. ; mostly blackish ; face impunctate, pol-
ished, occiput somewhat transversely striated, a little punctate
before the eyes ; thorax brassy blackish, with a glabrous polished
line on each side, scutel obtuse, rounded, slightly emarginate at

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 525

tip; wings hyaline, veins brown; metanotum blackish, legs
blackish with a tinge of green, tarsi yellowish.
New Haven.

Euperilampus Walker.

E. triangularis Say.

Length 5 mm.; mostly greenish and bluish; head green with
a violaceous reflection, each side of face vertically striate, occiput
transversely and longitudinally striate, violaceous; pronotum
greenish, scutel not emarginate at tip, but pointed; wings dusky
on apical half; tarsi yellowish; abdomen with the anterior half
violaceous, the rest green with a violaceous reflection.

EUCHARID^.
This is chiefly a tropical group, and, so far as our knowledge
goes, confines itself to attacks on ants.

Key to Genera.

1. Females: antennae ii-jointed 2

Males: antennae 10- to 13-jointed; scutellum not developed
into processes 3

2. Joints of antennae not serrate but cylindrical; scutellum

simple, neither bidentate nor produced into long pro-
cesses; thorax smooth, polished; petiole of abdomen

abruptly enlarged at apex Pseudometagea p. 525

Joints of antennae serrate or subdentate; scutellum subcon-
ically elevated posteriorly; wings with a substigmal cloud
or fascia Chalcura p. 526

3. Antennae not branched, lO- to ii-jointed; flagellar joints cyl-

indrical, not moniliform; petiole of abdomen abruptly

enlarged at apex; thorax smooth Pseudometagea p. 525

Antennas with more than four branches; wings with a sub-
stigmal cloud or fascia Chalcura p. 526

Pseudometagea Ashmead.

°P. schv/arzi Ashmead.

Female and male: length 1.5-2 mm.; mostly black; antennae
fuscous, pedicel yellowish beneath, head, except region around
ocelli, smooth, polished and impunctate; parapsidal furrows and
a central furrow indistinctly outlined by punctures ; scutel conical-
convex, with a longitudinal median furrow, the apex emarginate
but not bidentate ; pleurae and metathorax rugose ; male antennae
not subclavate as in the female, but filiform.

526 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Chalcura Kirby.

°C. gibbosa Provancher.

Female : length 3 mm. ; mostly black ; antennae with the first
and second joints yellowish, vertex punctate, clypeus polished,
face covered with scratches converging to a median ridge ; thorax
gibbose, punctate; wings hyaline, stigma and vein pale yellow;
most of the legs yellowish, coxas black; abdomen polished, the
second segment enveloping the succeeding segments.

CHALCIDID^.
Key to Genera.

1. Abdomen with a distinct petiole; ovipositor not exserted 2

Abdomen nearly sessile 3

2. Thorax immaculate, mid tibiae not spurred at apex

Smicra p. 526
Thorax maculated, mid tibiae with spurs Spilochalcis p. 526

3. Antennae inserted in middle of face 4

Antennae inserted near mouth; head not comuted; anten-
nae i2-jointed; metathorax without projections or teeth,
scutel neither bidentate nor spined; hind femora finely
denticulate beneath Conura p. 527

4. Abdomen conical Phasgonophora p. 527

Abdomen subglobose Chalcis p. 528

Smicra Spinola.
Key to Species.

Abdomen black; face entirely black; petiole as long as
rest of abdomen and nearly as long as posterior coxae;
posterior femora black or brown, generally yellowish at
base. Length nearly 4 mm microgaster

Abdomen more or less red; posterior femora obscure reddish, ,
varied with blackish, inner side mostly reddish. Length
5 mm ruf of emorata

°S. microgaster Say.

S. rufofemorata Cresson.
Branford, June 21, 1904 (H. L. V.).

Spilochalcis Thomson.

Key to Species.

I. Thorax with ground color black 2

Thorax with ground color not black 4

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 52/

2. Markings of thorax small, but distinct; posterior femora

with irregular whitish markings at apex, varied with pale
brown; abdomen mostly black, with two or four white

spots at base torvina

Markings of thorax large and yellow 3

3. Posterior femora yellow, irregularly black at base and along

inferior edge; scutel with a longitudinally ovate, black,

central spot nortoni

Posterior femora yellow, with a central black spot, con-
fluent with lower edge, which is narrowly black to apex;
scutel with a central black stripe or basal spot, lower
edge armed with six mostly irregular teeth, protuber-
ance beneath posterior wings black and yellow bracata

4. Thorax ferruginous; petiole of abdomen very long and slen-

der; scutel ferruginous, with a central black stripe, lateral

margin whitish debilis

Thorax lemon-yellow; posterior femora with numerous small
teeth; wings hyaline or subhyaline; posterior coxae lemon-
yellow, with a broad black stripe above; petiole of abdo-
men not more than one-half length of posterior coxse;
' abdominal segments narrowly banded with black mariae

*S. torvina Cresson.
S. nortoni Cresson.
Bred from Limacodes larva.

°S. bracata Sanborn.

°S. debilis Say.

This is a secondary parasite of the white-marked tussock
moth {Hemerocampa leucostigma) , with the following hosts:
Casinaria (Amorphota) orgyice, Meteorus communis, M.
hyphantricB, Apanteles hyphantrics and A. delicatus.

S. mariae Riley. Howard, Insect Book, PI. ix, Fig. 6.

Has been bred from Samia cecropia, Philosamia cynthia,
Cdlosamia promethea, and Telea polyphemus.

New Haven, 1910 (A. B. C).

Conura Spinola.
°C. n. sp.
Reared from the lesser peach borer (Synanthedon pictipes).

Phasgonophora Westwood.

°P. sulcata Westwood.

Female : length about 9 mm. ; mostly black ; antennae blackish
brown, as are the veins of the wings ; the latter tinted with brown ;

528 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

abdomen and legs partly castaneous ; head and thorax with ad-
joining umbilicate pits or punctures.

Chalcis Fabricius.

C. ovata Say.

Posterior femora mostly black, with a white or yellow
spot at tips ; dorsum of abdomen practically impunctate ; teg-
ulae entirely white or yellow. Length 3.5-7 mm.

Primary parasite on the white-marked tussock moth (Hemero-
campa leucostigma). Has also been bred from Chlorippe clyton
and Agraulis vanilla. .

New Haven (A. E. V.).

LEUCOSPID^.
But one genus of this family occurs in Connecticut. This
may be known by the following description.

Leucospis Fabricius.

Frons anteriorly not cornuted, hind margin of head not curved
inwardly; scutel never cordate; abdomen never pointed; front
tibiae as long as the femora, middle tibiae without a tooth at apex,
hind tibiae with two spurs at apex; ovipositor curved up over
the dorsum of the abdomen.

L. affiinis Say.

Length 6-12 mm. ; vertex more or less tinged with green or
purple; prothorax with the lateral and posterior margins nar-
rowly yellow, scutel yellow at apex; abdomen sessile or swbses-
sile, elongate, ovipositor reaching to base of abdomen; rest of
body mostly black, varied more or less with yellow, with the
posterior coxae from entirely black to entirely ferruginous.

Has been bred from nests of a leaf-cutter bee (Megachile).

Occurs throughout the state. New Haven, 21 June, 1902 (E. J.
S. M.) ; Rockville, 23 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

529

SERPHOIDEA.
PROCTOTRYPOIDEA.

By Charles Thomas Brues.

These are slender insects, mostly of small size, and nearly
all are parasitic.

Fig. 13. Serphus caudatus.

34

R.

and r-m

Ma^

I St

Rx + R

530 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

NOMENCLATURE OF WING PARTS IN THE DRAWING OF

SERPHUS CAUDATUS.

■ QLD SYSTEM COMSTOCK-NEEDHAM SYSTEM

Veins ^^»"^

Basal Mandm-cu

rubital . • • Media and at wing margin Km

+ M,

Transverse Cubital .
Recurrent . • • •

Cells Cells

First submarginal .

Fused cells beyond ist sub-
marginal .... Ra+*+»

Marginal (reduced to a minute
area beyond the stigma) . 2d Ri+R»

Key to Families.

1. Trochanters with one joint; antennae with fourteen joints;

mandibles without teeth; stigma very narrow, long

PELECINID^ p. 576
Trochanters with two joints, or stigma very short and broad 2

2. Antennae inserted into middle of face 3

Antennae inserted below middle of face at junction of clyp-

eus with face S

3. Wings present • 4

Wings wanting lO

4. Front wings with a more or less distinct stigma 12

Front wings never with a more or less distinct stigma 11

5. Wings present °

Wings wanting o

6. Abdomen with sides acute or margined 7

Abdomen with sides rounded CERAPHRONIDyE p. 557

7. Labial palpi with one joint PLATYGASTRID^ p. 531

Labial palpi with two or more joints SCELIONID^ p. S4i

8. Abdomen with sides acute or margined 9

Abdomen with sides rounded; antennae in female with ten

or eleven joints, in male with eleven joints

CERAPHRONID^ p. 557

9. Antennae with ten, eight, or nine joints; no marginal or

stigma! vein PLATYGASTRID^ p. 53i

Antennae with twelve, eleven, or seven joints (rarely with
ten joints, in which case either the wings bear a large
stigma and the entire abdomen is longitudinally striated,

or the marginal and stigmal veins are present)

SCELIONID^ p. 541
10. Labial palpi with two joints DIAPRIID^ p. S6i

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 53I

Labial palpi with three joints BELYTIDJE p. 568

11. Labial palpi with two joints, hind wings with no basal cell

DIAPRIIDyE p. 561
Labial palpi with three joints, hind wings always with a
basal cell BELYTID^ p. 568

12. Mandibles without teeth, antennae with thirteen joints

SERPHID^ p. 573
Mandibles with teeth, antennae with fourteen or fifteen joints

HELORID^ p. 576

PLATYGASTRID^.

The species of this family are parasites of the larvae of gall-
gnats or midges and crane-flies, etc.

Key to Genera.

1. Submarginal vein in front wings ending in a stigma or knob;

tarsi 5-jointed, antennae lo-jointed, front wings without a

basal nervure 2

Submarginal vein entirely absent or indicated only at base,
never knobbed 3

2. Lateral ocelli nearer to eye margin than to front ocellus,

basal segment of abdomen with a horn above

Inostemma p. 532
Lateral ocelli nearer to front ocellus than to eye margin

Isostasius p. 532

3. Scutellum lengthened, not semicircular; if shortened, com-

pressed at sides and furnished with a spine 4

Scutellum not lengthened, semicircular, always unarmed.... 5

4. Abdomen much lengthened; club of female antennae 5-jointed

Polymccus p. 534
Abdomen not especially lengthened; club of female antennae
4-jointed; scutellum with a thorn, or sometimes only a
tubercle; lateral ocelli nearer to eye margin than to front

ocellus; mesonotal furrows sometimes present

Amblyaspis (includes Leptacis and Synopeas)*p. 532

5. Scutellum flat or subconvex 6

Scutellum convex or cushion-shaped 7

6. Mesonotum without furrows; antennae lo-jointed, with a

jointed club in female Anopedius p. 533

Mesonotum with more or less distinct furrows; antennae
8-jointed in female, with an unjointed club Amitus p. 534

7. Scutellum bare 8

Scutellum with a tuft of hairs at tip; lateral ocelli not close

to eye margin; club of antennae 5-jointed Trichasis p. 534

8. Abdomen of usual length 9

Abdomen much lengthened Polymecus p. 534

* These genera are all included together, as they do not appear to be separable by any
trustworthy characters.

t

532 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

9. Thorax short, scutellum separated from mesonotum by a

deep furrow ^^

Thorax more elongate, scutellum not separated by a deep

furrow ^^

10. Face with a distinct keel between antennae

Eritrissomerus p. 534

Face not keeled Polygnotus p. 535

11. Lateral ocelli nearer to eye margin than to anterior ocellus

Platygaster p. 540
Lateral ocelli nearer to front ocellus than to eye margin

Isocybus p. 541

Isostasius Foerster.
°I. musculus Ashmead.

Black, shining. Antennae piceous or dark brown. Legs
brown, coxae black, trochanters, base and apex of femora, tibiae,
and all tarsi honey-yellow. Thorax with hardly a trace of fur-
rows. Length 1.2 mm.

Inostemma Haliday.
°I. horni Ashmead.

Black, subopaque, closely finely punctulate; mesonotum shin-
ing. Antennae black, the pedicel and first two funicular joints
a little pale at tip. Parapsidal furrows complete. Legs black or
piceous, tarsi yellowish, and tibiae paler basally. Abdomen in
female at base with a horn extending over the thorax to the
vertex of the head. Male without horn. Length 1-1.4 mm.

A parasite of a Cecidomyid forming galls on the iron-weed
(Vernonia noveboracensis).

Amblyaspis* Foerster.
Key to Species.

1. Scutellum produced into an acute spine minutus

Scutellum triangular or with a tubercle at apex 2

2. Abdominal petiole, legs, and base of antennae pale yellow

petiolatus

Antennae dark brown 3

Antennae, except club of female, bright yellow flavicomis

3. Abdomen broadly oval, shorter than thorax breviventris

Abdomen long-oval, longer than head and thorax together

antennariae
°A. minutus Ashmead.

Polished black, impunctate. Antennae and legs yellow or
reddish yellow. Scutellum acutely spined, yellow at tip, foveated

•See note on p. 531.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 533

on each side at base. Legs of male paler than those of female.
Length 0.6-0.8 mm.

Parasitic on a Cecidomyid infesting squashes.

°A. petiolatus Ashmead.

Shining black, impunctate, Antennse except club, legs, and
petiole, bright yellow. Flagellum of male brown. Thorax con-
vex, without furrows. Scutellum triangular at apex, more or
less pubescent, with a fovea on each side at base. Length 0.8
mm.

°A. breviventris Ashmead.

Shining black, impunctate. Antennae and legs brown; the
trochanters, bases of tibiae, and tarsi yellowish. Thorax without
furrows, scutellum foveated at base, pubescent at sides, and ter-
minating in a tubercle or very short spine which is only twice
as long as thick. Length 0.6-0.8 mm.

°A. flavicornis Ashmead.

Polished black; antennae, except the club in the female, and
legs bright yellow. Thorax without furrows, scutellum foveated
at the base and ending in a minute tubercle. Abdomen oval,
shorter than the thorax. Length 0.8- i.i mm.

°A. antennariae Ashmead. ,

Polished black, impunctate. Antennae dark brown in female,
pale brown in male. Legs reddish yellow, darker on femora and
coxae in female. Scutellum smooth, subconvex, not pubescent,
the spine of tubercle wanting. Length 0.8- i.i mm.

Anopedius F.oerster.

A. error Fitch.

Polished black, impunctate. Antennse black, the pedicel pale
at tip. Thorax long-ovate, polished, the furrows very faint.
Scutellum flattened or subconvex, separated from the mesonotum
by a fine line. Legs brown-black ; the trochanters, tip of anterior
tibiae, and all the tarsi paler. Abdomen oblong-ovate, slightly
longer than the thorax in the female and a little shorter in the
male. Length 1-1.2 mm.

Parasitic on the Cecidomyid Contarinia tritici and on the
injurious clover-flower midge (Dasyneura leguminicola).

West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

534 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Amitus Haldeman.

°A. aleurodinis Haldeman.

Polished black; legs most frequently brownish or pale rufous,
the coxse and femora sometimes dusky or blackish. Antennae in
female 8- jointed, brownish yellow, with an unjointed brown club ;
in male lo-jointed, with verticillate hairs. Length 0.75-1 mm.

A parasite of various species of Aleyrodes.

Trichasis Foerster.

°T. rubicola Ashmead.

Polished black, impunctate. Antennae pale brown, the scape
yellow. Thorax ovate, with distinct furrows. Legs yellowish;
the coxae black ; the posterior femora and tibiae dusky toward the
tips. Abdomen longer than the head and thorax together, pointed
at tip. Length 1.4-1.6 mm.

Parasitic on Cecidomyids making galls on Vernonia novehora-
censis and on blackberry.

°T. rufipes Ashmead.

Black, shining, the thorax with a fine sparse pubescence.
Antennae brown-black, the scape rufous. Thorax elongate-ovate,
with distinct furrows. Legs yellowish red, the coxae black.
Length 2-2.5 "^"^- * ■ •

Bred from acorns which probably contained Cecidomyid
larvae.

Eritrissomerus Ashmead.

°E. cecidomyiae Ashmead.

Black, subopaque, finely sculptured. Antennae brown-black,
except base and apex of scape. Thorax with two distinct fur-
rows. Scutellum convex and margined at the sides, closely punc-
tate. Legs blackish, lighter in the male, as are also the antennae.
Length 2.1 mm.

Parasitic in a Cecidomyid gall on hickory.

Polymecus Foerster.
Key to Species.

1. Thorax smooth, impunctate 2

Thorax finely microscopically punctate or shagreened 3

2. Coxae and legs yellow auripes

CoxjE black, legs varied with dark alnicola

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 535

3. First flagellar joint longer than thick, legs piceous, varied

with lighter picipes

First flagellar joint not longer than thick, legs brownish
yellow pallipes

°P. pallipes Ashmead.

Black ; finely granulately sculptured ; subopaque. Female an-
tennae piceous; scape, pedicel, and three or four following joints
yellow ; in male entirely pale brown. Abdomen a little longer
than the head and thorax together. Length 2-2.6 mm.

°P. picipes Ashmead.

Black, shining. Legs rufo-piceous or almost black, with the
trochanters, tips of femora, and the tarsi paler. Antennae brown-
black. Scutellum very convex, subopaque, without any tubercle
at tip. Length 1.8-2 mm.

°P. auripes Ashmead.

Black, shining, the head opaque, and closely microscopically
punctulate. Antennae and legs bright golden yellow. Thorax
without furrows or with only traces posteriorly. Scutellum ter-
minated by an awl-shaped spine. Length i mm.

^'P. alnicola Ashmead.

Black, shining, the head and dorsum of the thorax
microscopically punctate. Antennae black, the tip of the pedicel
honey-yellow. Mesonotal furrows complete. Scutellum highly
convex, subopaque, the tubercle at tip subobsolete. Length 1.4-
1.8 mm.

A parasite of Cecidomyia serrutata occurring on alder {Alnus
serrulata) .

Polygnotus Foerster.
Key to Species.

Females,

1. Mesonotal furrows distinctly indicated posteriorly 2

Mesonotal furrows entirely absent, or present only as the

slightest trace posteriorly 12

2. Occiput strongly transversely striated or aciculated 3

Occiput smooth or nearly so 7

3. Vertex simple, not impressed at middle 4

Vertex impressed at middle, subangulated just over eyes

striaticeps

4. Coxae black S

Coxae rufo-piceous or pale viticola

5. Head very wide, three and one-half or four times as wide as

long 6

536 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Head not so wide, two and one-half times as wide as long

hiemalis

6. Tegulje black, second flagellar joint longer than third alnicola
Tegulae rufo-piceous, second and third flagellar joints nearly

equal tximidus

7. Coxas black 8

Coxae rufo-piceous or pale 10

8. Metapleurae bare, aciculated cynipicola

Metapleurae covered with a sericeous pubescence 9

9. Tegulae rufo-piceous rubi

Tegulae black asynaptae

10. Tegulae rufo-piceous ll

Tegulae black, second flagellar joint longer than the third

astericola

11. No tuft of hair at the base of parapsides, second flagellar

joint larger than third actinomeridis

Tuft of hair at base of parapsides, second and third flagellar
joints about equal vernoniae

12. Vertex transversely aciculate 13

Vertex smooth, not aciculate pinicola

13. Coxae black, legs black or brown-black 14

Coxae dark rufous or piceous, legs in part pale 15

14. Pedicel as long as two following joints united salicicola

Pedicel much longer than two following joints united, .diplosidis

15. Pedicel as long as first and second flagellar joints united ...

baccharicola
Pedicel longer than first and second flagellar joints united

solidaginis

Males. *

1. Mesonotal furrows distinctly indicated posteriorly 2

Mesonotal furrows entirely absent, or present only as the

slightest t/ace posteriorly 8

2. Coxae brown or rufo-piceous 7

Coxae black 3

3. Legs in part black 4

Legs rufo-piceous, anterior tibiae and the tarsi honey-yellow 6

4. Legs black, only tarsi pale 5

Trochanters, anterior knees and tibiae at tips, all tarsi, and

base of mid and posterior tibiae honey-yellow hiemalis

5. Pedicel as long as first and second flagellar joints together

striaticeps
Pedicel as long as second flagellar joint viticola

6. Pedicel as long as first and second flagellar joints united

cynipicola
Pedicel shorter than first and second flagellar joints united

^ alnicola

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 537

7. Pedicel longer than second flagellar joint, last antennal joint

twice as long as preceding astericola

Pedicel as long as first and second flagellar joints united,

last joint less than twice length of preceding vemoniae

Pedicel as long as second flagellar joint, last joint one-third

longer than preceding euurae

8. Vertex transversely aciculated or striated posteriorly 9

Vertex smooth, or nearly so 13

9. Coxae rufo-piceous 10

Coxse black, legs black or brown-black salicicola

10. Pedicel about as long as second flagellar joint baccharicola

Pedicel longer than second flagellar joint ll

11. Legs dark rufo-piceous, tarsi honey-yellow, femora and tibiae

dusky at middle 12

Legs rufous, tarsi pale, pedicel about as long as first two
flagellar joints united pinicola

12. Second flagellar joint longer than third solidaginis

Third flagellar joint slightly longer than second diplosidis

13. Coxae black, pedicel as long as second flagellar joint, .asynaptae
Coxae pale or brown, pedicel as long as first two flagellar

joints united actinomeridis

P. striaticeps Ashmead.

Black, shining. Head a little more than twice as wide as long.
Face smooth, vertex and occiput strongly striate. Antennae and
legs black; anterior and mid tarsi pale. Tegtrlae black. Length
0.6-1.2 mm.

West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).
°P. viticola Ashmead.

Shining black. Head a little over three times as wide as long.
Antennae black; tegulae rufo-piceous. Legs rufo-piceous or
brownish ; tarsi paler. Abdominal petiole striated, second seg-
ment with two long striolated foveolae at base. Apical segments
with rows of punctures at base. Length 1.2- 1.4 mm.

Has been reared from Cecidomyid galls on grapevines.

°P. hiemalis Forbes.

Polished black. Head two and one-half times as wide as long.
Vertex only faintly aciculated, face smooth. Antennae brown-
black, Tegulae rufo-piceous. Legs dark brown or piceous; tro-
chanters, tips of anterior femora and tibiae, bases of mid and pos-
terior tibiae, and all tarsi lighter. Length 0.8-1.4 mm.

Parasitic on the Hessian fly {Mayetiola destructor).

538 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

*

°P. alnicola Ashmead.

Shining black. Head three and one-half times as wide as long.
Antennae dark brown, pedicel paler. Legs brown; the trochan-
ters, tips of tibia, and all tarsi pale. Second abdominal segment
striated at base. Length 1.2 mm.

Has been reared from Cecidomyid galls in the flower buds
of the alder.

°P, tumidus Ashmead.

Polished black. Head four times as wide as long. Antennae
brown black. Legs brownish piceous; trochanters, tips of an-
terior tibiae, and all tarsi paler. Second abdominal segment with
striae that extend to the middle. Length i mm.

A parasite of Cecidomyia symmetrica, an oak gall.

°P. cynipicola Ashmead.

Polished black. Head three and one-half times as wide as
long, the vertex very faintly aciculated. Antennae brown-black,
the pedicel as long as the second flagellar joint. Tegulae black;
legs black or brown-black. The foveolae at base of second
abdominal segment striated. Length 0.6-0.8 mm.
°P. rubi Ashmead.

Black, polished. Head three times as wide as long, vertex not
at all aciculated. Antennae brown, scape and pedicel yellowish.
Abdomen polished, the base of the second segment striate. Length
I mm.

A parasite of Cecidomyia farinosa, occurring on blackberry.

°P. asynaptae Ashmead.

Polished black. Head in female three and one-half times as
wide as long, in male only three times. Vertex not or very faintly
aciculated. Antennae black. Legs black or piceous; tips of an-
terior tibiae and anterior and mid tarsi brownish. Length 0.8-1.2
mm.

Has been bred from galls of Asynapta sp. occurring on
willows.

°P. astericola Ashmead.
Polished black. Head three times as wide as long, vertex not
or very faintly aciculated. Antennae dark brown. Legs, includ-
ing coxae, rufo-piceous ; trochanters, knees, tips of tibiae, and all

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 539

tarsi honey-yellow. Petiole, and foveolse on secon'd abdominal
segment, striolated. Length 0.8-1 mm.

Has been reared from Cecidomyid galls on asters.
°P. actinomeridis Ashmead.

Polished black. Head two and one-half times as wide as long.
Vertex very faintly aciculated. Antennae dark brown, scape paler
toward base. Legs dark rufous, the anterior tibiae and all tarsi
honey-yellow. Length 0.6-1.2 mm.

Has been reared from Cecidomyid galls on Actinomeris squar-
rosa.

°P, verncniae Ashmead.

Black, polished. Head nearly three times as wide as thick, the
vertex not aciculated. Antennas brown, or dark brown, pedicel
in the female longer than the first two flagellar joints united.
Legs brownish piceous; tips of mid and posterior tibiae and all
tarsi honey-yellow. Length 0.6-0.8 mm.

Has been reared from galls on Vernonia novehoracensis.
°P. pinicola Ashmead.

Shining black. Head two and one-half times as wide as long.
Vertex not aciculated. Antennae brown. Tegulae piceous; legs,
including coxae, dark rufous; the tarsi and sometimes the tip of
the anterior tibiae honey-yellow or wh'itish. Length 0.8-1 mm.
A parasite of Cecidomyia resinicola.

°P. baccharicola Ashmead.

Shining black. Vertex posteriorly transversely aciculated.
Face with some aciculations just above the antennae. Antennae
piceous, the scape sometimes pale at base and apex, as is also
the flagellum at base. Tegulae piceous; legs, including coxae,
rufo-piceous ; trochanters, base and tips of tibiae, and the tarsi
honey-yellow. Length 1-1,2 mm

Has been bred from a Cecidomyid gall of Baccharis halimi-
folia.

°P. salicicola Ashmead.

Polished black. Head three times as wide as long, vertex and
occiput strongly transversely aciculated, face smooth. Antennae
black, pedicel pale at tip. Tegulae black. Legs black, the tibiae
and tarsi piceous. Foveolae at base of second segment faintly
striolated. Length 0.8-1,4 i"ni.

540 CONNECTICUT GEOL* AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Originally bred from a Cecidomyid gall on willow at Los
Angeles, Cal., but occurs abundantly in the New England states,

°P. diplosidis Ashmead.

Polished black. Vertex less strongly aciculated than in the
preceding. Antennae brown-black. Tegulae black; legs brown-
black, the base of the tibiae and tarsi paler.

Has been bred from a Cecidomyid living on pine.

°P. solidaginis Ashmead.

Polished black. Vertex strongly striated. Antennae brown,
the scape often black. Tegulae piceous or black. Legs, including
coxae, variable, from pale rufous to rufo-piceous. Striae on
second abdominal segment extending to the middle. Length
I-I.6 mm.

Has been reared from galls on goldenrod.
°P. euurae Ashmead,

Polished black. Head two and one-half times as wide as long.
Antennae brownish black. Tegulae rufous. Legs, including coxae,
dark rufous. Pedicel as long as the second flagellar joint. Length
1.6 mm.

Has been reared from Cecidomyid inquilines in the gall of
the sawfly Euura nodus.

Platygaster Latreille, •

Key to Species.

1. Legs, except coxae, yellow or golden yellow ,, caryae

Legs piceous or rufo-piceous 2

2. Head punctate, face more finely so herrickii

Face highly polished, with transverse striae above antennae aphidis

°P. caryae Ashmead.

Shining black. Vertex rugose, the face finely, closely punc-
tate. Antennae yellow with fuscous club in female, light brown in
male, Tegulae piceous. Length 1.5-2 mm.

A parasite of a Cecidomyid forming galls on hickory trees.
°P. herrickii Packard.

Black, shining, finely punctate or microscopically shagreened.
Antennae black. Legs black or rufo-piceous ; sometimes the bases
of tibiae and of tarsi yellowish.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 54I

An important parasite of the Hessian fly (Mayetiola
destructor) .

°P. aphidis Ashmead.

Shining black. Head posteriorly almost smooth, face polished.
Antennae and tegulae black. Legs brown-black, the tarsi paler.
Abdomen nearly twice as wide as the thorax. Length 1.6 mm.-

Isocybus Foerster.

I. pallipes Say.

Black, very finely and closely punctulate. Legs honey-yellow
with black coxse. Pleural piece beneath the anterior wing not
striated. Tegulae rufo-piceous. Abdomen as long as the head
and the thorax, widest toward the apex. Length 3.5 mm.

Milldale, 21 May, 1906 (B. H. W.).

°1. canadensis Provancher.

Black, finely rugosely punctulate. Diflfers from the preceding
in having the pleural piece below the anterior wing striated. First
flagellar joint twice as wide as long. Length 3-3.2 mm.

SCELIONID^.

The members of this very extensive family are exclusively
egg-parasites, attacking practically all orders of insects, and also
spiders.

They may be recognized by the generally carinated abdomen,
and the antennae inserted near the base of the clypeus. The wings
nearly always have a distinct venation. The antennae of the
females always have ten, eleven or twelve joints, except where
the joints of the club are fused together.

Key to Genera.

1. Abdomen oval, acute on sides, but without distinct lateral

carinse 4

Abdomen distinctly carinated on sides 2

2. Abdomen long, fusiform or linear, segments nearly equal,

postmarginal vein almost always present 19

Abdomen oval or elongate-oval, third segment much longer
than any of the others 3

3. Marginal vein very short, not longer than stigmal vein; fe-

males usually apterous, with 7-jointed antennae having an

unjointed club Q

Marginal vein very long, usually five or six times the length

542 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

of the stigmal vein; females usually winged and with 12-

jointed antennae *6

4. Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows S

Mesonotum with furrows, sometimes abbreviated in front.. 7

5. Lateral ocelli very close to or touching eye margin 6

Lateral ocelli far from eye margin, wings banded

Aradophagus p. 550

6. Head transverse, considerably wider than long

Telenomus p. 544
Head quadrate, abdomen more or less pointed Phanurus p. 544

7. Postscutellum armed with a spine Protrimorus p. 544

Postscutellum not armed 8

8. Mesonotum with three furrows, abbreviated anteriorly

Trissolcus p. 549

Mesonotum with two furrows, abbreviated anteriorly

Dissolcus

9. Females ^o

Males ^3

10. Scutellum present * '

Scutellum wanting Baeus p. 551

11. First abdominal segment bearing a horn above

Ceratobaeus

First abdominal segment not horned 12

12. Mandibles bidentate Aeolus p. 55i

Mandibles tridentate Acoloides p. S5i

13. Basal abdominal segment with a horn above Ceratobaeus

Basal segment of abdomen not armed 14

14. Basal nervure present IS

Basal nervure wanting Acoloides p. 55i

15. Head subquadrate Baeus p. 551

Head transverse Aeolus p. 551

16. Abdomen with first segment petioliform, longer than wide.. 17
Abdomen with first segment as wide as or wider than long. . 18

17. Posterior femora slender, tibial spurs weak . .Prosacantha p. 551
Posterior femora swollen, tibial spurs stout Teleas p. 553

18. Postscutellum with a small spine or tubercle. .Hoplogryon p. 553
Postscutellum simple Paragryon p. 553

19. tostmarginal vein greatly lengthened, submarginal vein com-

plete, not ending in a stigma 20

Postmarginal vein wanting or poorly developed, submarginal

often abbreviated and stigmated 41

20. Basal nervure present, distinct 21

Basal nervure wanting 31

21. Females 22

Males 25

22. First abdominal segment with a horn or protuberance above 23
Basal segment unarmed 24

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 543

83. Marginal vein short, first abdominal segment narrow, petiol-

if orm Caloteleia p. 554

Marginal vein long, first segment of abdomen quadrate
or nearly so Baryconus p. 554

24. Abdomen very long, second, third, and fourth segments

nearly equal Macroteleia p. 554

Abdomen not so long, oblong-oval or fusiform. .Cacellus p. 555

25. Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows 26

Mesonotum without furrows 29

26. Postscutellum spined Opisthacantha p. 555

Postscutellum not spined 27

27. Marginal vein longer than stigmal vein 28

Marginal vein less than half length of stigmal vein

Caloteleia p. 554

28. First joint of flagellum scarcely longer than third

Macroteleia p. 554

First flagellar joint much longer than third. . .Baryconus p. 554

29. Marginal vein longer than stigmal vein Baryconus p. 554

Marginal vein shorter than stigmal vein 30

30. First joint of flagellum very long Caloteleia p. 554

First joint of flagellum shorter than second ....Cacellus p. 555

31. Females 32

Males 44

32. Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows 33

Mesonotum without furrows 36

33. Mesonotum with two furrows 34

Mesonotum with three furrows Hoploteleia p. 555

34. Metathorax unarmed 35

Metathorax with two teeth Cacellus p. 555

35. Mandibles tridentate Macroteleia p. 554

Mandibles bidentate Caloteleia p. 554

36. Postscutellum simple 37

Postscutellun armed with a spine Opisthacantha p. 555

37. Abdomen without a horn at base above 39

Abdomen with a horn at base above 38

38. Marginal vein short Caloteleia p. 554

Marginal vein long Baryconus p. 554

39. Abdomen broadly oval, sessile, antennal club 6-jointed

Hadronotus p. 555

Abdomen long, fusiform, club of antennae 6-jointed

Cacellus p. 555

40. Submarginal vein ending in a stigma 41

Submarginal vein not ending in a stigma Idris p. 555

41. Head normal, without a frontal lamina or ledge 43

Head with a projecting frontal lamina or ledge 42

42. Scutellum quadrate, its posterior angles acute, postscutellum

with a large erect spine Acanthoscelio

544 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Scutellum and postscutellum normal Sparaison p. 556

43. Maxillary palpi long, s-jointed, male antennae l2-jointed

SceliomoTpha
Maxillary palpi short, 3-jointed, male antennae lo-jointed

Scelio p. 556.

44. Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows 45

Mesonotum without furrows 46

45. Mesonotum with two furrows Macroteleia p. 554

Mesonotum with three furrows Hoploteleia p. 555

46. Postscutellum simple, unarmed 47

Postscutellum with an erect spine Opisthacantha p. 555

47. Metathorax simple, unarmed Hadronotus p. 555

Metathorax bidentate at apex Cacelhis p. 555

Protrimorus Kieffer.

°P. americanus Ashmead.

Smooth black, impunctate, sparsely pubescent. Head trans-
verse, not wider than the thorax. Antennae brownish, paler to-
ward the base. Wings hyaline, the venation brown; marginal
vein short, as long as the stigmal vein, which terminates in a
small knob. Length 1.2 mm. (male).

Phanurus Thomson. •
°P. ovivorus Ashmead.

Polished black; legs piceous, the knees and tarsi paler. An-
tennae piceous, the flagellum nearly three times as long as the
scape. Wings hyaline, the nervures yellow. Length 0.6 mm.
°P. tabanivorus Ashmead.

Polished black; legs fuscous; trochanters, knees, and tips of
tibiae and tarsi testaceous. Antennae black, the flagellum not
longer than the scape. Wings hyaline, the nervures brown.
Length 1.2- 1.3 mm.

Telenomus Haliday.
Key to Species.

Females.

I. Second abdominal segment not or very little longer than

wide ; antennae i i-jointed 2

Second segment one-third longer than wide; antennae 10-
jointed fiskei

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERa'oF CONNECTICUT. 545

Second abdominal segment one and one-half times as long as
wide at apex, head very wide; antennae ii-jointed 13

2. Pedicel large, distinctly longer and thicker than first flagellar

joint 3

Pedicel not longer than first flagellar joint nigriscapus

3. Antennal scape in part pale lO

Antennal scape entirely black 4

4. Second and third joints of flagellum longer than thick persimilis
Second and third flagellar joints rounded, not longer than

thick S

5. First abdominal segment striate 6

First abdominal segment not striate 8

6. Legs piceous or brown-black, trochanters, knees, tips of tibiae,

and tarsi pale or yellowish 7

Legs dark brown, tarsi whitish heliothidis

7. Marginal vein one-third length of stigmal graptae

Marginal vein nearly one-half length of stigmal . .spilosomatis

8. Legs piceous or brown-black, trochanters, knees, tips of tibiae,

and tarsi pale or yellowish 9

Legs yellow or brownish yellow bifiidus

9. Eyes distinctly pubescent orgyiae

Eyes bare, or only faintly pubescent ichthyurae

ID. Scape in part piceous or black il

Scape wholly pale 12

11. Coxae black or piceous rileja

Coxae pale geometrae

12. Second abdominal segment smooth arzamae

Second segment striate at the base podisi

13. Head two and one-half times as wide as thick dimmocki

Head three times as wide as thick sphingis

• ' Males.

1. First and second flagellar joints equal or nearly so 2

Second and third joints equal, longer than first 5

Second and third joints equal, shorter than first 10

2. Coxae black, legs partly piceous . . .* ii

Coxae pale, or dusky only at base, legs lighter 3

3. Third flagellar joint half length of second dimmocki

Third flagellar joint only a little shorter than second 4

4. Legs yellow, first to third flagellar joints stout and elongate,

joints beyond moniliform podisi

Legs brownish yellow, first to third flagellar joints not espe-
cially elongate, joints beyond transverse bifidus

5. Coxae black "

Coxae pale 8

6. Pedicel shorter than first flagellar joint graptae

Pedicel longer than first flagellar joint 7

35

546 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

7. Flagellar joints after third, moniliform spilosomatis

Flagellar joints after third, long-oval sphingis

8. Pedicel longer than first flagellar joint, legs whitish, femora

and tibize tinged with brown, flagellar joints transverse

geometrse
Pedicel shorter than first flagellar joint 9

9. Legs honey-yellow, flagellar joints longer than thick arzamae

Legs reddish yellow, flagellar joints round, moniliform . . .

nigriscapus

10, First abdominal segment not striate chrysopae

First abdominal segment striate heliothidis

11, Length 0.6 mm.; marginal vein one-third length of stigmal

clisiocampae
Length I mm.; marginal vein half length of stigmal fiskei

°T. dimmocki Ash mead.

Black, shining ; mesonotum microscopically punctate, scutellum
polished, impunctate. Female: antennae black, the scape pale at
base and the pedicel at tip; legs brownish yellow; coxae black,
femora, except tips, fuscous. Male with scape and legs yellow,
coxae dusky, flagellum light brown. Length 0.8- i.i mm.

Is probably parasitic on the eggs of Podisus spinosus.

°T. nigriscapus Ashmead.

Black, shining, the thorax with a fine white pubescence ; head
very broad, the face polished. Female: scape of antennae black,
flagellum brown-black, and tip of pedicel yellow ; legs black ; tro-
chanters, anterior tibiae, and all knees and tarsi honey-yellow.
Male with the legs and coxae reddish yellow; antennae pale
brown, the scape paler. Length 0.7-0.9 mm.

°T. persimilis Ashmead. I

Black, shining, the thorax distinctly punctulate, subopaque,
pubescent. Head polished/ alutaceous toward the vertex. Legs
rufous, the coxae black. Antennae black, the pedicel yellow at tip.
Length 1.5 mm.

°T. graptae Howard.

Black, shining, the vertex subopaque. Female: legs piceous-
brown, almost black; trochanters, knees, tips of tibiae, and tarsi
pale; antennae entirely black. Male with the antennal scape
black and the flagellum brown ; legs a little paler than in the fe-
male. Length 0.6-1 mm.

Parasitic on various Lepidoptera, as follows: (Grapta) Poly-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 547

gonia interrogationis, P. progne, Euvanessa antiopa, {Chryso-
phanus) H codes hypophleas, Thymelicus cernes, Telea
polyphemns.

°T. spilosomatis Ash mead.

Polished black, impunctate, the thorax with a fine microscopic
pubescence. Female : antennae black, the flagellum dark brown ;
legs piceous brown; the trochanters, knees, apices of tibiae, and
the tarsi pale brownish yellow. Male with the antennae pale
brown, the legs pale brownish yellow with black coxae. Length
0.6 mm.

Parasitic in the eggs of Diacrisia virginica.

°T. heliothidis Ashmead.

Smooth black, impunctate. Female: antennae dark brown,
the flagellum twice as long as the scape, the pedicel stout, as
long as the first two flagellar joints together; legs dark brown,
the tarsi pale. Male antennae with the flagellum three times the
length of the scape; pedicel and first flagellar joint equal; bases
of tibiae yellowish. Length 0.6 mm.

Parasitic in the eggs of the corn ear worm (Heliothis ohso-
leta).

°T. orgyiae Fitch.

Black, shining; the thorax microscopically punctate, with a
fine sericeous down ; head a little more than three times as wide
as thick ; face highly polished ; eyes pubescent ; thorax very con-
vex ; legs black or piceous brown ; trochanters, knees, tips of tibiae
and tarsi pale. Length 0.8 mm.

Parasitic in the eggs of the white-marked tussock or vaporer
moth (Hemerocampa leuco stigma).

°T. ichthyurae Ashmead.

Black, shining, impunctate; the thorax covered with a fine
microscopic pubescence. Head wider than the thorax, the face
smooth and polished, female flagellum one and one-half times the
length of the scape. Female: legs piceous brown; the coxae
black, trochanters, knees, base and apex of tibiae, and tarsi
honey-yellow. Male legs, except coxae, pale brownish yellow.
Length 0.6 mm.

Parasitic in the eggs of Melalopha inclusa.
°T. bifidus Riley.

Black, shining, the thorax microscopically punctulate and
covered with a fine white pubescence. Head as broad as the

548 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

thorax, highly polished. Antennal scape black, the flagellum
brown-black, pedicel brownish yellow. Legs in the female,
except coxae, honey-yellow, femora darker; in the male wholly
pale yellow. Male antennae pale brownish. Length 0.6 mm.
Bred from the eggs of Hyphantria text or.

°T. sphingis Ashmead.

Black, shining, the thorax very faintly microscopically punc-
tate, finely pubescent. Female: antennae dark brown, scape
sometimes black, usually pale beneath or at base and apex ; legs
pale brown or brownish yellow; coxae black, and the femora
and tibiae more or less infuscated. Male antennae and legs yel-
low, the coxae black or dusky. Length 0.8-1 mm.

Found in the eggs of Phlegethontius sextus.

°T. rileyi Howard.

Black, shining, the tliorax with fine microscopic punctation
and down. Antennae dark brown, the scape pale at extreme base.
Pedicel a little longer than the first flagellar joint, second, third
and fourth moniliform. Legs dark brown or piceous ; trochanters,
knees, and tarsi honey-yellow.

Parasitic in the eggs of Chlorippe clyton.

°T. geometrae Ashmead.

Black, shining, impunctate, head three times as wide as long,
face convex, highly polished. Female: antennae dark brown,
pedicel twice as long as the first flagellar joint, which is only a
little longer than thick; legs brown, posterior coxae blackish;
trochanters, knees, tips of tibiae, and the tarsi pale. Male an-
tennae pale brown, the legs pale or yellowish, with darker femora
and tibiae. Length 0.45 mm.

Parasitic on the eggs of a Geometrid which infests the wild
cherry.

°T. arzamae Riley.

Black, shining, the head and thorax with a faint microscopic
punctation and finely pubescent. Antennae brown, flagellum darker
above and beneath, pedicel scarcely longer than the first funicular
joint. Legs rufous or reddish yellow ; trochanters and tarsi paler ;
the femora and tibiae sometimes darker. Length 0.8 mm.
Parasitic on the eggs of Bellura gortynides.
°T. podisi Ashmead.
Black, shining, the thorax very finely but distinctly punctate

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 549

and with a white pubescence. Face smooth, vertex microscopic-
ally shagreened. Female : antennas brown, the scape and pedicel
yellow or brownish yellow, the pedicel distinctly longer than the
first funicular joint. Legs, including coxae, honey-yellow. Male
antennae with the pedicel half the length of the first flagellar joint.
Length i mm.

Parasitic on the eggs of Podisus spinosus.
°T. chrysopae Ashmead.

Black, shining, the thorax microscopically punctate, with a
fine pubescence. Antennae brown, the pedicel nearly as long as
the first flagellar joint. Legs dark fuscous or brown ; the coxae
black or blackish; trochanters, knees, and tarsi pale. Length
0.6-1 mm.

A common parasite on the eggs of various species of the
Neuropterous genus Chrysopa.

°T. clisiocampae Riley.

Black, shining, the thorax microscopically punctate. Fe-
male: antennae black, the pedicel much longer than the first
flagellar joint; legs piceous ; trochanters, a small spot on knees,
and the tarsi pale. In the male the pedicel is not so long as the
first flagellar joint, and the legs are more yellow. Length o.6
mm.

Parasitic on the American tent-caterpillar {Malacosoma ameri-
cana).

°T. fiskei Brues.

Black, shining; legs, except coxae, honey-yellow or brownish
yellow, the femora piceous or fuscous. Wings hyaline, venation
pale yellowish, marginal vein half the length of the stigmal vein.
Antennae of the female lo- jointed.

Parasitic on the eggs of the white-marked tussock moth
{Hemerocampa leucostigmd) .

Trissolcus Ashmead.
Key to Species.

1. Legs, except coxae, and antennal scape pale brochymenae

Legs, in part, and scape blackish 2

2. Scutellum rugoso-punctate, subopaque or punctate 3

Scutellum smooth, impunctate 4

- 3. First flagellar joint shorter than pedicel murgantiae

First flagellar joint ae long as or longer than pedicel. ..euschisti

550 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

4. First flagellar joint as long as or longer than pedicel podisi
First flagellar joint shorter than pedicel thyantae

°T. euschisti Ashmead.

Shining black, very finely closely punctulate, thorax with a
white pubescence. Face with a median furrow. Antennae dark
brown, the scape at base and tip, the pedicel, and one or two
funicular joints more or less pale brown or yellowish. Legs
black; trochanters and tips pale. Length 1.5 mm.

Parasitic on the eggs of Euschistus servus.

°T. podisi Ashmead.

Black, subopaque, thorax microscopically punctate. Head
smooth, with a few punctures near the orbits. Antennae entirely
black. Legs black; trochanters, knees, tips of tibiae, and tarsi
pale or yellowish. Length 1-1.2 mm.

Parasitic on the eggs of Podisus spinosus.

°T. thyantae Ashmead.

Black, subopaque, closely microscopically punctulate. An-
tennae black. Legs black; tips of all femora, as well as the tibiae
and tarsi, honey-yellow. Marginal vein about one-third the
length of the stigmal vein. Length 0.8-1 mm.

Parasitic on the eggs of Thyanta custator.

°T. murgantiae Ashmead. "^

Black, rugose, the abdomen smooth and polished. Female an-
tennae entirely black, those of the male with yellowish scape. Legs
black ; the trochanters, knees, and distal ends of the tibiae dark or
honey-yellow. Length 0.14-1 mm.

Parasitic on the eggs of the harlequin cabbage-bug (Murgantia
histrionic a) .

°T. brochymenae Ashmead.

Shining black, the thorax scarcely punctulate. Antennae black,
scape, pedicel and first flagellar joint brownish yellow. Legs
honey-yellow, with black coxae. Length 0.8-0.9 m"^-

Parasitic on Brochymena arhorea.

Aradophagus Ashmead.
°A, fasciatus Ashmead.

Smooth, polished, honey-yellow. Scape, pedicel, and basal
half of first flagellar joint pale or whitish, rest of antennae brown-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 55 1

black. Wings fuscous, the base and a median band hyaline.
Length 1.5 mm.

This species is thought to be parasitic on the eggs of certain
Aradidae.

Acoloides Howard.

**A, saitidis Howard.

Entirely black. Legs and antennae honey-yellow, coxae black,
scape (in female) brownish. Male antennae uniformly honey-
yellow. Body opaque, closely minutely punctulate. Wings well
developed. Length 1.4 mm.

Parasitic on the eggs of the spiders, Saitis pulex and Phidip-
pus morsitans.

°A. emertonii Howard.

Black, shining, but closely microscopically punctulate. An-
tennae brown-black, scape pale at extreme base. Legs, including
coxae, brownish yellow. Wings well developed. Length 1.4 mm.

Aeolus Foerster.

°A. zabriskei Ash me ad.

Black, polished, finely sericeous. Mandibles reddish, scape
honey-yellow, flagellum pale brown. Legs, including coxae, red-
dish yellow. Length i mm.

Parasitic on spiders' eggs.

Baeus Haliday.

°B. niger Ash mead.

Black, shining, with a fine sericeous pubescence. Antennae
with the scape and flagellum pale rufous or brownish yellow, the
club large and black. Length 0.7 mm.

°B. americanus Howard. Howard, Insect Book, p. 51,
Fig. 26.

Dark honey-yellow, the antennae and legs pale yellowish.
Abdomen fuscous. Length 0.8 mm.

Bred from the eggs of an Epeirid spider.

Prosacantha Nees.
Key to Species.
I. Antennae in part rufous or pale a

552 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Antennae entirely black, thorax smooth and shining

pennsylvanica
2. Mesonotum smooth arid shining or finely punctulate caraborum

Mesonotum rugose or coarsely sculptured 3

g. Coxas pale 4

Coxje black punctiventris

4. Abdomen longitudinally striated throughout striativentris

Abdomen striated at base but smooth or punctate apically

marylandica

°P. caraborum Riley.

Black, shining, the thorax finely rugulose, the scutellum almost
smooth. Antennae dark brown or black, the scape a little pale at
the extreme base. Legs reddish yellow ; the coxse basally and the
mid and posterior tibise and tarsi fuscous. First three abdominal
segments striated. Length 1.6-1.8 mm.

Parasitic on the eggs of Chlcenius impunctifrons, a Carabid
beetle.

°P. punctiventris Ashmead.

Black, the thorax and scutellum longitudinally rugulose, sub-
opaque. Antennae black, the scape basally rufous. Wings sub-
fuscous. Abdomen punctate, striate on the three basal segments.
Length 2.5 mm.

P. marylandica Ashmead.

Black, thorax and scutellum rugoso-punctate. Antennae black,
the scape basally and the pedicel at apex yellowish. Legs,
including coxae, brownish yellow. Abdomen striated, the fourth
and following segments punctate. Length 2 mm.

Salisbury, 30 August, 1904 (W. E. B.).

°P. pennsylvanica Ashmead.

Black, shining, sparsely pubescent, the punctation of the
thorax very fine and faint. Antennae black. Legs piceous ; tro-
chanters, knees, tips of tibiae, and base of tarsi yellowish. Length
I mm.

°P. striativentris Ashmead.

Black, the head and abdomen shining, the thorax opaque,
closely punctulate. Abdomen longitudinally striated for its entire
length. Legs brownish yellow, the coxae dusky basally. Length
1.5 mm. (male).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 553

Teleas Latreille.

T. coxalis Ashmead.

Black, shining, pubescent. Antennae black, the scape pale at
base. Thorax and scutellum coarsely rugose, vertex not striated
but slightly sculptured. Three basal abdominal segments striated,
the fourth and following closely punctate at base. Length 2 mm.

New Haven, i September, 1904 (H. L. V.).

Hoplogryon Ashmead.

°H. minutissimus Ashmead.

Black, subopaque, closely microscopically punctulate. Legs
brown or fuscous ; the trochanters, knees, tips of tibiae, and tarsi
pale; coxae black. Wings extending just beyond the tip of the
abdomen, hyaline. Third abdominal segment smooth. Length
0.75 mm.

°H. claripennis Ashmead.

Black, shining, thorax faintly punctulate, scutellum smooth and
polished. Coxae and legs yellow. Wings hyaline, third abdo-
minal segment smooth. Length 1.2 mm.

Paragryon Kieffer.
Key to Species.

1. With wings fumipennis

Wingless 2

2. Coxae black 3

Coxae pale flavipes

3. Abdomen shining, metathoracic angles more or less obtuse

borealis
Abdomen subopaque, metathoracic angles acute . . . . columbianus

°P. fumipennis Ashmead.

Black, shining, minutely punctulate. Mandibles and legs yel-
low. Antennae black, the scape yellowish toward the base. Meta-
thoracic angles obtuse. Mesonotum with traces of parapsidal
furrows posteriorly. Wings smoky hyaline, paler at base.
Length 1.4 mm.

°P. borealis Ashmead.

Apterous, black, subopaque, closely microscopically punctate,
and with a fine sericeous pubescence. Metathorax with the angles
subacute. Antennae black or piceous. Legs pale rufous or
brownish yellow with black coxae. Length i mm.

554 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

°P. columbianus Ashmead.

Black, opaque, closely minutely punctulate. Antennae piceous,
scape pale rufous. Legs, except coxae, brownish yellow. Angles
of metathorax acute. First and second abdominal segments with
coarse striae. Length 1.4 mm.

°P. flavipes Ashmead.

Black, shining, finely punctulate. Legs, including coxae, pale
yellow. Antennae piceous, scape basally below pale. Meta-
thoracic angles obtuse. Second abdominal segment striated only
at the suture. Length 0.6 mm.

Calotelela Westwood.

°C. parvipennis Melander and Brues.

Honey-yellow; the head, flagellum, tegulae, abdominal horn
and tip of abdomen black. Wings reaching only to the middle of
the abdomen. Wings yellowish fuscous. Length i mm.

C. marlattii Ashmead.

Brownish yellow, the head black or fuscous. Abdomen more
or less blackened apically. Wings hyaline, reaching nearly to the
tip of the abdomen. Length 2.5-3.2 mm.

West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Baryconus Foerster.

°B. oecanthi Riley.

Black, closely punctate, subopaque and sparsely covered with
a sericeous down. Antennae black; legs black, the bases of the
tibiae and tarsi brownish. Abdomen rugulose, tip of horn of
female polished. Length 2.5-3 ^^-

An egg parasite of the tree cricket {CEcanthus niveus).

Macroteleia Westwood.
"M. floridana Ashmead.
Slender, very long, black, rugoso-punctate and sparsely pubes-
cent. Antennae dark brown, the scape pale. Legs brownish
yellow, coxae of the female black. Abdomen with lineated sculp-
ture basally, the apical segments almost smooth. Length 3.5-4
mm.

°M. virginiensis Ashmead.
Black, shining, with a thimbk-like punctation. Antennae

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 555

brown-black, the scape brownish yellow. Legs, including coxae,
reddish yellow. Abdomen with larg'e punctures. Length 4 mm.

Opisthacantha Ashmead.

°0. mellipes Ashmead.

Black, subopaque, almost invisibly punctate. Antennae
piceous, the scape yellow. Legs pale honey-yellow. Postscutel-
lum armed with an acute spine. First three abdominal segments
striated. Length 1.4 mm.

Cacellus Ashmead.

°C. oecanthi Riley.

Black, subopaque, closely punctate and covered with a fine
sericeous down. Female: antennae with the base and apex of
scape and two terminal joints pale. Legs pale rufous. Male
antennae brownish yellow. Length 2-2.2 mm.

Parasite on the eggs of species of tree-crickets {CEcanthus) .

Hoploteleia Ashmead.
°H. floridana Ashmead.

Brown-black, closely rugoso-punctate, the middle of the
mesonotum smoother. Antennae of f eraale black, the scape rufous ;
of male brown, with yellowish scape. Abdomen longitudinally
rugulose. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Hadronotus Foerster.
°H. anasae Ashmead.

Black, coarsely irregularly rugoso-punctate, with a sparse
whitish pubescence. Abdomen more evenly and less coarsely
sculptured, somewhat lineated. Antennae of female brown, scape,
pedicel, and sometimes the base of the flagellum yellow. Legs
brownish yellow, the coxae sometimes dusky or even black.
Length 1.2 mm.

A common parasite of the eggs of the common squash-bug
(Anasa tristis).

Idris Foerster.

*I. nig^cornis Brues.
Polished black, legs and antennal scape basally rufous. An-
tennae black, except the base of the scape, which is rufous. Legs

f

556 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

dark brown, rufous, or yellow. First two abdominal segments
striated. Length 2.5 mm. (male).

Type locality: Colebrook, 19 August, 1901 (W. M. W.).

Bred from a mixed nest of the ants, Myrmica and Lepto-
thorax.

Sparaison Latreille.

°S. famelicum Say.

Elongate, black, subopaque, punctate. Antennae fuscous;
legs honey-yellow, with black coxae. Parapsidal furrows distinct,
the scapulae with a longitudinal grooved line. Wings hyaline.
Length 4.5 mm.

°S. nigrum Ashmead.

Black, shining, very pilose. Frontal ledge in male only a
transverse carina, in the female broader and slightly oblique. An-
tennae black. Legs black, tibiae and tarsi more or less yellow.
Abdomen of male opaque, rugose ; of female punctate, striate and
shining. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Scelio Latreille.
Key to Species.

1. Mesonotum with no indications of parapsidal furrows • 2

Parapsidal furrows faint but distinct 3

2. Coxae pale brownish yellow, wings pure hyaline hyalinipennis

Coxae black, wings subfuscous in female, subhyaline in male

ovivOTUS

3. Stigmal vein present, short luggeri

Stigmal vein entirely absent calopteni

S. hyalinipennis Ashmead.

Black, coarsely rugoso-punctate. Scape, pedicel beneath in
female, and legs except coxae, brownish yellow or reddish. Wings
clear hyaline, with only a trace of the submarginal vein. Length
4-4.5 mm.

West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

S. ovivorus Riley.

Black, very coarsely rugoso-punctate. Antennae brown-black,
the scape and pedicel pale rufous or brownish yellow. Legs, in-
cluding coxae, pale yellowish. Stigmal vein present. Length
3.6-4.2 mm.

No. 22,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 557

Has been bred from the eggs of the Carolina locust {Dissos-
teira Carolina).

Waterbury, 10 July, 1879 (W. H. P.).

S. calopteni Riley.

Black, rugose, the mesonotum with faint but distinct furrows.
Antennae brown-black, the scape and pedicel yellow. Tegulae
pale rufous. Legs, including coxae, pale brownish yellow.
Length 3-3.4 mm.

Parasitic on the eggs of (Caloptenus) Melanoplus atlanis,

S. luggeri Riley.

Black, rugose, differs from the preceding only in the presence
of a short stigmal vein and the entirely brown-black antennae.

Parasitic on the eggs of Caloptenus sp.

CERAPHRONIDJE.
Key to Genera.

1. Marginal vein stigmated, antennae li-jointed in both sexes 2
Marginal vein not stigmated, male antennae with one more

joint than in female 9

2. Males 6

Females 3

3. Metathorax not spined at base 4

Metathorax with a forked spine at base Megaspilus p. 558

4. Thorax much narrowed; completely apterous

Eumegaspilus p. 559
Thorax as usual 5

5. Mesonotum narrowed anteriorly, eyes pubescent ;

Conostigmus p. 558

Mesonotum not narrowed in front, eyes usually bare

Lygocerus p. 558

6. Metathorax with a forked spine at base Megaspilus p. 558

Metathorax not thus armed 7

7. Apterous Eumegaspilus p. 559

Fully winged 8

8. Antennae dentate or ramose Lygocerus p. 558

Antennae filiform, not dentate Conostigmus p. 558

9. Males II

Females 10

10. Scutellum flat or subconvex, with a frenum Ceraphron p. 559

Scutellum convex, without a frenum Aphanogmus p. 560

11. Scutellum depressed or flat, with a frenum; antennae simple,

not serrate Ceraphron p. 559

Scutellum convex, acuminate, without a frenum; antennae
serrate Aphanogmus p. 560

558 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Megaspilus Westwood.
Habropelte Thomson.
°M. armatus Say.

Black, more or less pilose. Wings fusco-hyaline, darker
beneath the stigma. First flagellar joint of the female three
times as long as the pedicel, in the male not longer than the
scape. Length 3.4-4 mm.

°M. fuscipennis Ashmead.

Differs from the preceding by the shorter first flagellar joint
of the female, which is less than three times the length of the
pedicel. In the male it is not longer than the scape.

Lygocerus Foerster.

°L. stigmatus Say. . '

Black, pubescent, finely punctulate, subopaque. Legs

piceous-black, varied with honey-yellow. Male with the first

five flagellar joints dentate, the first twice as long as thick.

Length 1.4 mm.

Parasitic on aphids on poplar and raspberry.

°L. niger Howard.

Differs from the preceding in having the first to seventh
flagellar joints of the male dentate, the first being two and one-
half times as long as wide. Length 1.6 mm.

Parasitic on the wheat aphis (Siphonophora avence).

Conostigmus Dahlbom.

Megaspilus Westwood.

Key to Species.

Females.

1. Face smooth, polished, and impunctate 2

Face finely punctulate or shagreened 3

2. Apex of abdomen compressed so that'it gapes open

anomaliventris
Apex of abdomen normal ambiguus

3. Wings short, reaching to middle of abdomen ottawensis

Wings fully developed 4

4. Face finely shagreened or punctulate S

Face rather coarsely rugose barringtonii

5. First three flagellar joints yellow ottawensis var.

Flagellum entirely blackish schwartzii

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 559

°C. anomaliventris Ashmead.

Black, shining, head and thorax finely alutaceous. Antennae
brown-black. Legs reddish yellow, the posterior coxae dark at
base. Tip of abdomen in female compressed, widely gaping
open so that the valves of the ovipositor project. Length 2.5
mm.

°C. ambiguus Ashmead.

Black, shining, finely alutaceous. Scape and legs brownish
yellow, the posterior coxae dark basally. Wings nearly hyaline,
the stigmal vein less than twice the length of the stigma. Length
1. 2-1. 6 mm.

C. schwartzii Ashmead.

Black, finely shagreened, the scutellum smooth. Scape and
legs brownish yellow, antennal scape brownish yellow, the
flagellum piceous. Wings hyaline, the stigmal vein one and one-
half times as long as the stigma. Length 1.6 mm.

Sachem's Head, 3 August, 1904, West Haven, 27 June, 1905,
New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H.L.V.).

°C. harringtonii Ashmead.

Black, the head and thorax with a fine reticulate punctation.
Legs dull yellow ; the posterior coxae black and the others dusky.
Scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum black. Length 2-2.5 ^^^
°C. ottawensis Ashmead.

Smooth, shining black. Scape, pedicel, and first three flagellar
joints yellow. Legs honey-yellow. Wings usually short, reach-
ing only to the middle of the abdomen, but sometimes well
developed. Length 2-2.5 "^"^«

Eumegaspilus Ashmead.

E. erythrothorax Ashmead.

Head and abdomen black or fuscous. Face, scape, thorax
and petiole rufous or brownish yellow. Legs pale yellow. Wing-
less.

In nest of Lasius umbratus mixtus aphidicola.

Colebrook, August, 1900 (W. M. W.).

Ceraphron Jurine.

Key to Species.

I. Head, thorax, and abdomen black 3

560 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Abdomen obscure rufous or piceous, yellowish at base and
beneath 2

2. Flagellum of antennae black pallidiventris

Flagellum brownish yellow basally tertius

3. Head and thorax distinctly and closely punctate punctatus

Head and thorax smooth or nearly so 4

4. Tegulse black pedalis

Tegulje pale fiaviscapus

°C. pallidiventris Ashmead.

Black, the abdomen brownish, the venter yellow. Scape,
part of pedicel, and legs pallid yellow. Tegulse yellowish. Wings
hyaline, the marginal cell almost closed. Body shining, but dis-
tinctly punctulate. Length 1.6 mm.

°C. tertius Dalla Torre.

Head and thorax polished black. Abdomen rufous, yellowish
at the base. Legs brownish yellow. Wings subhyaline, slightly
tinged; stigmal vein long and curved. Length 0.8-1.2 mm.

°C. punctatus Ashmead.

Black, finely and closely punctate, subopaque. Antennae
brownish yellow, apical half blackened. Tegulse dull rufous or
piceous. Wings subfuscous, stigmal vein long, almost forming
a closed marginal cell. Legs brownish yellow. Length 1.1-1.6
mm.

°C. pedalis Ashmead.

Polished black, with some sparse, minute punctures. Antennae
black. Legs brownish yellow. Wings subhyaline, or slightly
yellowish. Length 1.5 mm.

°C. flaviscapus Ashmead.

Polished black, impunctate. Scape, pedicel, and legs yellow
or brownish yellow. Wings hyaline. Tegulae yellowish. Length
I mm.

Aphanogmus Thomson.
Key to Species.

1. Mesonotum with a median furrow marylandicus

Mesonotum without a furrow 2

2. Wings with a fuscous band virginiensis

Wings not banded pallidipes

°A. virginiensis Ashmead.
Polished black. Antennae and legs fuscous ; the scape,

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 561

trochanters and tarsi whitish. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous
band beneath the stigma. Length i mm.

. °A. marylandicus Ashmead.

Polished black. Antennae black. Legs dark brown, paler at
the tips. Wings entirely hyaline. Length i mm.
°A, pallidipes Ashmead.

Shining black. Antennae brownish yellow. Legs pale yellow.
Wings clear hyaline, the nervures brown, the stigmal vein only
a little longer than the marginal and but slightly curved. Length
0.8 mm.

DIAPRIID^. *

The present family is very similar in appearance to the follow-
ing, but may be usually distinguished by the entire absence of a
basal cell in the hind wings. The front wings are less distinctly
veined, lacking the marginal cell so prominent in most Belytidae.
The antennal prominence is also usually less evident and the
antennae of the females more incrassated.

Key to Genera.

Females.

1. Wings normally developed 6

Wings abbreviated or absent 2

2. Antennae 13-jointed 3

Antennae 12-jointed • • S

3. Antennae with an abrupt 4-jointed club Basalys p. 568

Antennae without an abrupt club 4

4. Abdomen more or less rounded at apex and depressed; base

of second abdominal segment raised dorsally above the

petiole, without impression Spilomicrus p. 564

Abdomen ending conically and compressed; base of second
segment not raised above the petiole Paramesius p. 563

5. Club of antenna abrupt, 3-jainted Loxotropa p. 565

Club of antenna s-jointed or antennae not distinctly clubbed

Aneurynchus p. 564

6. Wings emarginate or truncate at the tip Entomacis p. 563

Wings rounded at the tip 7

7. Antennae 13-jointed 8

Antennae 12-jointed 11

8. Subcostal vein not exceeding the basal third of the wing ....

Basalys p. 568
Subcostal vein exceeding the basal third of the wing 9

36

562 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

9. Marginal vein punctiform; abdomen broadly truncate at the
apex of the second segment, at which point it is broadest

Hemilexis
Marginal vein large, quadrangular or linear; abdomen not
truncate 10

10. Tip of abdomen rounded and depressed; base of second

segment usually raised above the surface of the petiole;

marginal vein once or twice as long as broad

Spilomicrus p. 564
Abdomen conically pointed and compressed at tip; base of
second segment not raised; marginal vein linear, three or
four times as long as broad Paramesius p. 563

11. Face much produced, horizontal; mandibles rostriform,

extending to the prosternum Galesus p. 564

Face normal; mandibles not thus prolonged 12

12. Subcostal vein not attaining the border of the wing; stigmal

vein separated from the costa Aneurhynchus p. 564

Subcostal vein attaining the costal margin of the wing 13

13. Wings with a well-marked basal vein; antennal club 3-jointed

Loxotropa p. 565

Wings without basal vein 14

14^ Scutellum without depressions at the base . . . . Phaenopria p. 567

Scutellum with one or two basal impressions 15

15. Scutellum carinate or ridged medially 16

Scutellum flat or feebly convex Trichopria p. 566

16. Club of antennas abrupt, 3-5-jointed; basal margin of second

abdominal segment simple Ashmeadopria p. 566

Club of antennae gradual, 6-jointed; basal margin of second

abdominal segment raised and angularly emarginate

Diapria p. 565

Males.

1. Antennae 14-jointed 2

Antennae 13-jointed 10

2. Third joint of antennae angulate or emarginate, fourth joint

simple; no parapsidal furrows Ashmeadopria p. 566

Third joint of antennae simple; fourth joint sometimes
angulate 3

3. Wings absent or abbreviated Loxotropa p. 565

Wings fully developed 4

4. Scutellum without any impression at the base Phaenopria p. 567
Scutellum with one or two impressions at the base S

5. Subcostal vein not attaining the margin of the wing

Aneurh3mchus p. 564
Subcostal vein attaining the margin of the wing, or absent 6

6. Mandibles rostriform, attaining the prosternum; face pro-

duced behind Galesus p. 564

Mandibles normal; face not produced 7

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 563

7. Wings with a well-marked basal vein Loxotropa p, 565

Wings without basal vein 8

8. Scutellum medially carinate 9

Scutellum flat or weakly convex Trichopria p. 566

9. Flagellum of antennae with long-, irregularly placed hairs;

anterior margin of second abdominal segment raised and

emarginate Diapria p. 565

Flagellum verticillate with long hairs; anterior margin of

second abdominal segment not raised nor emarginate

Ashmeadopria p. 566

ID. Wings emarginate or truncate at tip Entomacis p. 563

Wings rounded at tip 11

11. Third joint of antennae less than half as long as the fourth

Paramesius p. 563
Third joint of antennae at least nearly as long as the fourth 12

12. Base of second abdominal segment raised above the petiole

without impression Spilomicrus p. 564

Base of second abdominal segn^^ent not raised Hemilexis

Entomacis Foerster.
°E. subemarginata Ashmead.

Polished black, smooth. Legs and antennae yellow. Apex of
anterior wing emarginated ; stigmal vein longer than the marginal.
Length 1.3- 1.8 mm.

*E. ambigua Brues.

Shining black. Legs and antennae, except apex, rufous.
Mesothorax with distinct furrows, the scutellar fovea deep and
broad, longitudinally fluted. Wings obsoletely emarginate at the
apex. Length 2.5 mm.

Type locality: Colebrook, living in nests of Stenamma ful-
vum piceum.

Paramesius Westwood.
Key to Species.

1. Wings hyaline parvulus

Wings fuscous or fusco-hyaline 2

2. Scutellum with two foveae at base spinosus

Scutellum with a single fovea at base pzillidipes

°P. parvulus Ashmead.

Shining black, with some sparse hairs. Legs and antennae
brownish yellow ; flagellum twice as long as the scape, the five or
six terminal joints fuscous or black, the last enlarged, about three
times as large as the penultimate. Length 1.5 mm.

564 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

"P. spinosus Ashmead.

Polished black, with some sparse gray hairs. Antennae, except
three terminal joints, and legs reddish yellow ; last joint of an-
tennae a little longer and thicker than the penultimate. Length
3 mm.

°P. pallidipes Ashmead.

Polished black, with a few fuscous hairs. Antennae and legs
rufous, the last four antennal joints blackish, the last twice as
long as the penultimate. Length 2-3 mm.

Spilomicrus Westwood.

°S. flavicomis Ashmead.

Polished black. Antenna and legs brownish yellow. Scutel-
lum at base with two almost confluent foveae. Mesonotum with
delicate furrows. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. Length
1.4 mm.

Aneurh5mchus Westwood.

°A. floridanus Ashmead.

Black, sparsely pubescent. Antennae, legs, mandibles, palpi,
and tegulae pale brownish yellow. Frontal ridge of male pale
rufous. Abdomen smooth, impunctate above and below. Length

3 mm-

Galesus Curtis.
Key to Species.

1. Wings with a deep emargination at apex politus

Wings entire at apex 2

2. Antennae rufous at base, joints longer than wide viereckii

Antennae black at base, joints not longer than wide pilosus

°G. politus Say.

Black. Legs, including coxae, honey-yellow or pale rufous.
Head nearly twice as long as wide. Wings with a deep fissure
at the apex. Length 2.2-3.6 mm.
*G. viereckii Brues.
Black, first three antennal joints brown. Legs, except coxae,
rufous-yellow. Wings entire at the apex. Length 3.5 mm.
Type locality: Colebrook, 21 June, 1905 (H, L. V.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 565

°G. pilosus Ashmead.

Black, pilose, the head only a little longer than wide. An-
tennal scape and the coxae black. Legs rufous. Flagellum
brown. Abdomen impunctate at apex. Length 2 mm.

Loxotropa Foerster.
Key to Species.

Females

1. Winged 2

Subapterous nana

2. Upper part of front angulated in front of eyes ruficomis

Front smooth, not angulated 3

3. Scutellum with one large transverse fovea abrupta

Scutellum with two small confluent foveae at base . . . .flavipes

°L. nana Ashmead.

Head and abdomen black, thorax rufous. Legs and antennae,
except club, brownish yellow. Wings narrow, not reaching to
the tip of the abdomen. Scutellum with a small rounded fovea
at the base. Length i mm.

°L. ruficornis Ashmead.

Black. Antennae, except club, rufous. Legs, including
coxae, reddish yellow. Scutellum with a large fovea at the base.
Wings hyaline, the abdominal petiole finely sculptured. Length
1.6 mm.

°L. abrupta Thomson.

Black. Antennae, except the 3-jointed club, and the legs
rufous. Scutellum with a fovea across the base, connected with
lateral grooved lines. Wings subhyahne, the abdominal petiole
rugose. Length 1.8-2 mm.

°L. flavipes Ashmead.

Polished black. Antennae, except the club, and the legs
brownish yellow or reddish yellow. Wings hyaline. Scutellum
with two more or less confluent foveae at the base, the lateral
grooved lines absent anteriorly. Length 1.3- 1.6 mm.

Diapria Latreille.

D. conica Fabricius.

Black, more or less woolly. Antennae, mandibles, and legs
rufous ; the scape darker, and the five apical joints black. Abdo-

566 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

men longer than the head and thorax together. Length 2.5-3
mm.

This species is parasitic on the drone-fly or chrysanthemum
fly (Eristalis tenax).

Waterbury, 28 July, 1879, 18 May, 1884 (W. H. P.).

Ashmeadopria Kieffer.

°A. carinata Thomson.

Black, more or less woolly. Antennae, mandibles, coxae, and
thickened parts of femora and tibiae piceous or brown-black ; rest
of legs rufous. Abdomen not longer than the head and thorax
united. Length 2.5 mm.

Trichopria Ashmead.
Key to Species.

1. Antennal club s-jointed 2

Antennal club 4-jointed 4

Antennal club 3-jointed 7

2. Antennae black carolinensis

Antennae reddish or rufous at base 3

3. Scutellum unifoveate , pentaplasta

Scutellum bifoveate rufipes

4. Antennae and legs in great part piceous or black 5

Antennae except club, and legs, rufous or yellowish 6

5. Abdominal petiole not or scarcely longer than thick popenoei

Abdominal petiole distinctly longer than thick colon

6. Antennal club entirely black virginica

Only the three terminal joints of the club black tetraplasta

7. Legs uniformly reddish yellow erythropus

Legs piceous, tarsi and joints lighter .' agromyzae

°T. pentaplasta Ashmead.

Black. Antennae, except the club, and legs reddish yellow.
Pedicel a little shorter than the first flagellar joint. Antennal
club black, the first joint oblong, second, third and fourth quadrate,
equal, the fifth longer but not thicker. Length 1.5 mm.
°T. popenoei Ashmead.

Black and shining, including antennae ; legs with trochanters,
base of tibiae, and tarsi pale rufous or piceous; antennal club of
female with first joint small, rounded ; second larger, cup-shaped ;
third quadrate. Length 1.5 mm.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 567

°T. carolinensis Ashmead.

Black and shining, including antennae ; legs pale rufous, base
of coxae and clavate portion of femora and tibiae darker ; second
joint of club of female antennae round; third and fourth sub-
moniliform, slightly wider than long. Length 2 mm.

°T. rufipes Ashmead.
Black and shining; antennas except last four joints, and the
legs, rufous ; second joint of club of female antennae much wider
than the first ; third and fourth quadrate. Length 2-2.2 mm.
°T. erythropus Ashmead.
Polished black. Antennae, except club, and legs reddish yel-
low. Metathorax and petiole piceous. Wings hyaline, strongly
fringed. Length 1.6-2 mm.

°T. agromyzae Fitch.

Black, shining. Antennae piceous-black. Legs honey-yellow;
the hind coxae and the thickened parts of the femora and tibiae
blackish. Length 1.5 mm.

Parasitic on Agromyza trttici, according to Fitch.

°T. tetraplasta Ashmead.

Black. Antennae, except the apical three joints of the club,
rufous. Legs pale rufous or reddish yellow. Wings fusco-hya-
line. Length 1.6 mm.

°T. colon Say.

Black, smooth, and polished. Legs black, with the tro-
chanters, knees, and tarsi piceous or brown. Wings subhyaline,
strongly fringed, with a fuscous streak below the stigma. Length
I.I mm.

°T. virginica Ashmead.

Polished black. Antennae, except the club, and the legs red-
dish yellow. Wings clear hyaline, the stigma yellowish. Scutel-
lum with a shallow transverse fovea at the base. Length 1.5 mm.

Phaenopria Ashmead.
Key to Species.

Females.

I. Antennal club 3-jointed 2

Antennal club 4-jointed schwartzii

568 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

2. Antennae, except club, reddish virginica

Antennae entirely piceous or black 3

3. Legs entirely reddish yellow haematobiae

Legs rufous; coxae, femora, and tibiae fuscous minutissima

°P. minutissima Ashmead.

Polished black. Antennae piceous, with rufous scape. Coxse,
clavate part of femora, and tibiae piceous. Wings hyaline, the
stigma piceous. Length 0.9 mm.

°P. haematobiae Ashmead.

Shining black. Antennae piceous, with rufous scape. Legs
uniformly reddish yellow. Cheeks each with a tuft of grayish
woolly pubescence. Length 0.8 mm.

Parasitic on the horn-fly (Hcematobia serrata).

°P. virginica Ashmead.

Polished black, impunctate. Antennae, except club, and legs
reddish yellow or yellowish. Cheeks "behind, collar, and petiole
woolly. Metathorax pubescent. Wings hyaline, fringed; the
stigma long, brownish. Head thick, globose. Length i.i mm.

°P. schwartzii Ashmead.

Polished black. Antennae, except club, and legs reddish yel-
low or yellowish ; club fuscous. Wings hyaline, the stigma yel-
lowish. Length 1-1.2 mm.

Basalys Westwood.

°B. fuscipennis Ashmead.

Polished black. Cheeks and collar with dense gray wool.
Antennae, legs, and petiole brownish yellow. Wings fuscous,
marginal vein piceous, with a cloud below its tip. Length 2.7
mm.

BELYTID^.
Head transverse or subglobose, with the 14- or 15- jointed „
antennae inserted on a frontal prominence. Wings with a closed
costal cell, basal cell, and usually a marginal cell. Hind wings
always with a basal cell. Abdomen petiolate. Wingless forms
rare.

Key to Genera.

Females,

I. Antennae is-jointed 2

Antennae 14-jointed Anectata p. 573

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 569

2. Abdomen with only three or four segments 3

Abdomen with seven or eight dorsal segments 4

3. Second abdominal segment not greatly lengthened, third

long and strongly compressed from sides Leptorhaptus p. 570
Second abdominal segment very much lengthened, extending
nearly to tip of abdomen, third issuing from it as a short
stylus Cinetus p. 570

4. Abdomen with eight dorsal segments 5

Abdomen with seven segments Acropiesta p. 570

5. Eyes bare Psilomma p. 573

Eyes hairy 6

6. Middle carina of metanotum not divided 7

Middle carina of metanotum divided or absent. .. .Belyta p. 571

7. Postscutellum normal, unarmed 8

Postscutellum armed with a strong spine Oxylabis p. 571

8. Third dorsal abdominal segment not or very little longer

than fourth 10

Third dorsal abdominal segment much longer than fourth . . 9

9. Mandibles small and short Miota p. 571

Mandibles long, falcate Xenotoma p. 572

10. Marginal cell closed ll

Marginal cell open at apex 12

11. Stigmal vein straight from margin Zelotypa p. 572

Stigmal vein oblique Pantoclis p. 572

12. Stigmal vein perpendicular to the margin Zygota p. 572

Stigmal vein oblique Aclista p. 573

Males.

1. Petiole of abdomen nearly twice as long as metathorax .... 2
Petiole of abdomen not or scarcely longer than metathorax.. 4

2. Second abdominal segment compressed laterally, petiole

above smooth 3

Second segment not compressed laterally, petiole above more
or less furrowed Cinetus p. 570

3. Antennal scape as long as first funicular joint

Leptorhaptus p. 570

Antennal scape shorter than first funicular joint Miota p. 571

4. Middle carina of metathorax not divided 5

Middle carina of metahorax divided or absent Belyta p. 571

5. Postscutellum simple, not spined 6

Postscutellum armed with a strong spine Oxylabis p. 571

6. Eyes hairy 7

Eyes bare, mesonotum with furrows Psilomma p. 573

7. Scape with apical margin on one side produced into a tooth

Acropiesta p. 570
Scape normal, not toothed at apex 8

8. Marginal cell completely closed 9

Marginal cell open at apex 12

570 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

9. Marginal vein not, or only a little, longer than stigmal vein 10

Marginal vein at least twice as long as stigmal

Zelotypa p. 572

10. Mandibles normal, small 11

Mandibles large, falcate, crossing at tips Xenotoma p. 572

11. Last ventral segment straight and punctate Anectata p. 573

Last ventral segment somewhat bent, impunctate

Pantoclis p. 572

12. Stigmal vein perpendicular Zygota p. 572

Stigmal vein very oblique Aclista p. 573

Leptorhaptus Foerster.

Key to Species.

Abdomen principally black conicus

Abdomen principally rufous rufus

L. conicus Ashmead.

Shining black. Antennae, mandibles, palpi, tegulse, and legs
brownish yellow. Female antennae as long as the body. Length
3-4 mm.

Branford, 28 July, 1905 (H.L.V.).

°L. rufus Ashmead.

Male entirely rufous, with the appendages lighter. Female
with the head, thorax, and petiole black ; antennae extending only
to the base of the abdomen. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Cinetus Jurine.
°C. coloradensis Ashmead.

Polished black, pubescent. Scape very long, nearly twice as
long as the first flagellar joint. Metathorax smooth, tricarinated,
marginal cell as long as the marginal vein. Lengfth 3 mm.
(female).

°C. americana Ashmead.

' Black, polished, pubescent. Antennae and legs pale brownish
yellow. Metathorax carinated, pubescent. Marginal cell shorter
than the marginal vein. Length 3 mm. (male).

Acropiesta Foerster.
°A. flavicauda Ashmead.

Black, shining, with terminal segment of abdomen yellow;
antennae and legs rufous; wings of female feebly developed.
Length 3 mm.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 571

''A. subaptera Ashmead.

Head black ; thorax and abdomen piceous brown ; antennae
piceous, the scape and pedicel brownish yellow ; legs brownish
yellow; wings of female abbreviated. Length 2.2 mm,

Belyta Jurine.
Key to Species.

Marginal cell closed erythropus

Marginal cell open at apex texana

°B. erythropus Ashmead.

Shining black. Antennse and legs rufous or reddish yellow.
Wings subfuscous. Abdominal petiole striate. Length 3-4.5
mm.

^B. texana Ashmead.
Polished black. Antennse reddish, darker toward the tips
in the male. Legs reddish yellow. Wings hyaline, petiole rugose,
without any raised lines. Length 3-4 mm.

Oxylabis Foerster.

Key to Species.

Scutellum with a single fovea at base spinosa

Scutellum with two fovese at base bifoveolata

°0. spinosa Provancher.

Black. Legs and antennae rufous. Wings subfuscous, the
marginal cell almost closed. Length 2.5 mm.

°0. bifoveolata Brues.

Black. Legs fuscous, varied with rufous. Antennae fuscous,
black at the base. Wings hyaline, the marginal cell completely
closed. Length 3 mm.

Miota Foerster.
Key to Species.

Marginal cell twice as long as marginal vein mellipes

Marginal cell three times length of marginal vein similis

°M. mellipes Say.

Polished black. Female antennae filiform, the flagellum fus-
cous. Legs honey-yellow. Length 2.5 mm.

572 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°M. similis Ashmead.

Polished black. Base of antennae and legs honey-yellow.
Antennal scape four times as long as the first flagellar joint.
Length 2.8 mm.

Xenotoma Foerster.

°X. xanthopus Ashmead.

Polished black, except the abdomen and thorax in part.
Marginal cell two and one-half times the length of the marginal
vein. Length 2.4-3 ^^^

°X. mandibularis Ashmead.

Black. Thorax and abdomen more or less rufous. Marginal
cell scarcely twice the length of the marginal vein. Length
2.5 mm.

Zelotypa Foerster.

°Z. longicornis Ashmead.

Polished black, pubescent. Antennae fuscous yellow at base.
Tegulae and legs brownish yellow. Wings subfuscous. Abdomen
rufous at base. Marginal cell two and one-half times as long as
the marginal vein. Length 3.2 mm.

Pantoclis Foerster.

°P. insularis Ashmead.

Black. Antennae and legs brownish yellow. Antennae sub-
clavate. Marginal cell twice as long as the marginal vein. Meta-
thorax smooth on the disc, with three keels. Length 2-3 mm.

°P. analis Ashmead.

Black. Antennaa rufous except tips. Abdomen rufo-piceous,
the tip reddish yellow. Marginal cell about five times the length
of the marginal vein. Legs pale rufous or brownish yellow.
Length 3.2 mm.

Zygota Foerster.
°Z. californica Ashmead.
Shining black, covered with a fuscous pubescence. Antennae
i4-jointed, brown-black. Legs brownish yellow. Wings sub-
fuscous, marginal cell closed. Length 3.5-4 mm.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 573

Aclista Foerster.

A. rugosopetiolata Ashmead.

Polished black, pubescent. Scutellum with two foveas con-
nected by a furrow. Antennae usually stout. Metathorax rugose,
carinated. Legs brownish yellow. Length 2.6 mm.

Psilomma Foerster.
°P. columbianum Ashmead.

Polished black. Antennae and legs rufous. Wings subfus-
cous, the marginal vein punctiform ; marginal cell long and open,
faintly indicated. Metathorax subquadrate, rugose. Length
3.5-4 mm.

Anectata Foerster.
°A. hirtifrons Ashmead.

Black, shining, pubescent, the face with dense whitish pubes-
cence. Antennae rufous. Legs rufous or brownish yellow.
Wings hyaline, the marginal cell twice the length of the mar-
ginal vein. Antennae subfiliform in the female. Length 3.4 mm.

SERPHID^.
Key to Genera.

Parapsidal furrows distinct, or at least well indicated

Disogmus p. 573
Mesonotum without trace of furrows Serphus p. 573

Disogmus Foerster.
*D. obsoletus Brues.
Shining black, more or less brownish. Antennae brownish
yellow, darker at the tips. Mesonotum with indications of furrows
anteriorly. Legs brownish yellow ; tips of tarsi blackish. Length
2.5 mm.

Type locality, Morris Cove, 20 May, 1904 (H. L. V.).

Serphus Schrank.

The species of this extensive genus are recognized by the 13-
jointed antennae, edentate mandibles, smooth convex mesonotum,
and abdominal stylus of the female. The hypopygium of the male
ends in two short spines.

574 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Key to Species.

1. Head and thorax black 2

Head and mesonotum pale or rufous lo

2. Abdomen black 3

Abdomen in great part reddish or yellowish 8

3. Discoidal nervures entirely wanting 4

Discoidal nervures more or less indicated by fuscous streaks

califomicus

4. Marginal cell much shorter than stigma 5

Marginal cell large, as long as stigma flavipes

5. Cauda short, not, or scarcely one-third, the length of abdo-

men 7

Cauda as long as abdomen clypeatus

6. Metanotum above smooth, with three carinas 7

Metanotum rugose above, with a single median keel

carolinensis

7. Coxae black or dusky above abruptus

Coxae entirely pale obsoletus

8. Metathorax with a median carina 9

Metathorax without a distinct median carina caudatus

9. Coxae black linellii

Coxae pale melliventris

ID. Metathorax coarsely rugose, with longitudinal raised lines

caudatus

Metathorax rugose but not longitudinally striated pallidus

II. Metathorax twice as long as high longiceps

Metathorax shorter quadriceps

S. caudatus Say.

Reddish testaceous. Metathorax black, and upper part of
mesothorax and sutures often blackened. Metathorax coarsely
rugose, with longitudinal raised lines, but without a distinct cen-
tral longitudinal carina. Cauda as long as the abdomen. Length
7-10 mm.

Salisbury, 27, 30 August, 1904, Kent, 31 August, 1904 (W.
E. B.).

°S. pallidus Say.

Reddish testaceous. Metathorax more finely rugose than in
caudatus, and with a median carina. Cauda half the length
of the abdomen. Length 6-9 mm.
°S. linellii Ashmead.

Black. Legs, except coxae, rufous, and abdomen rufous except
the last three segments. Hind tibial spur one-third the length of
the metatarsus. Length 4 mm. (male).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 575

S. melliventris Ashmead,

Head and thorax black. Abdomen yellow, the petiole and the
tip black. Legs yellow, hind tibial spur one-third the length
of the metatarsus. Length 4-5 mm. (male).

New Haven, 31 October, 1903 (H. L. V.).

S. californicus Holmgren.

Black. Legs, except coxae, and antennae beneath reddish.
Antenna with first to fifth joints of flagellum dentate beneath.
Length 4-4.5 mm. (male).

New Haven, 31 October, 1903 (H. L. V.).

°S. flavipes Provancher.

Black. Mandibles, tegulae, and legs, including coxae, pale
yellow. Marginal cell as long as the stigma. Posterior tibial
spur two-thirds the length of the metatarsus. Length 3.5-4-5 """•

°S. clypeatus Ashmead.

Black. Clypeus and mandibles rufous. Legs, including coxae,
yellowish. Cauda longer than the abdomen, reddish basally.
Tibial spur of posterior leg one-half the length of the metatarsus.
Length 4.5 mm.

°S. abruptus Say.

Black. Legs reddish yellow, coxae often in part black. Cauda
only one-fourth the length of the abdomen. Length 2.5-3 mm.

°S. obsoletus Say.

Larger than abruptus and with the antennae almost wholly
yellow. Length 4 mm.

Parasitic on SteUdota strigosa.

S. carclinensis Ashmead.

Black. Antennal scape, tegulae, and legs yellow ; coxae dusky
at base. Metathorax with a single carina extending to the tip.
Posterior tibial spur half the length of the metatarsus. Length
5-5.5 mm. •

Putnam, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°S. longiceps Ashmead.

Black. Antennas, except tips, yellowish. Legs reddish yellow.
the coxae dusky. Metathorax weakly rugulose, with a median
carina. Cauda as long as the metatarsus. Spur of posterior
tibiae one-third as long. Length 7 mm.

576 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

S. quadriceps Ashmead.

Black. Legs reddish yellow, with dusky coxae. Antennse
rufous-yellow. Metathorax with a median carma and a large
smooth area on each side. Cauda as long as the hind metatar-
sus. Posterior tibial spur a little less than one-half the length
of the metatarsus. Length 4 mm.

New Haven, 31 October, 1903 (H. L. V.).

HELORID^.
Helorus Latreille.

Tarsal claws pectinate ; wings with the basal nervure abruptly
broken and bent downwards, forming a triangular discoidal cell.
Antennae 15-jointed.

H. paradoxus Provancher. ,

Shining black. Tegulae and legs pale rufous ; the coxae black,
and the femora darker toward the base. Wings hyaline. Length
4-5 mm.

Parasitic on the cocoons of Chrysopa.

Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.).

PELECINID.E.
Pclecinus Latreille.

A single species occurs very commonly within the state. It
is the largest of all the Serphoidea found here.

P. polyturator Drury. PI. ix, Fig. i.

Black. Annulus on antennae and male tarsi whitish. Abdo-
men of female about five times the length of the head and thorax,
composed of six slender cylindrical segments. Abdomen in male
clavate, the petiole as long as the abdomen, about the length of
the head and thorax. Length : female 50-60 mm., male 22 mm.

Parasitic on the grubs of May beetles of the genus Lachnos-
terna.

New Haven, 24 August, 1904, 7, 18 August, 1906, Cheshire,
18 August, 1906 (P. L. B.) ; Scotland, 10 August, 1905 (B. H.
W.) ; Suffield, 26 July, 1906, New Haven, 14 August, 1906 (W.
E. B.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 577

FORMICOIDEA.

FORMICID^.
By William Morton Wheeler.

The ants (family Formicid^) are social Hymenopterous in-
sects, and may be distinguished from the social bees and wasps
by having workers, or neuters, as they are less appropriately
called, without wings. They are, moreover, readily distinguished
from these and all other Hymenopterous insects by the following
characters :

1. The first antennal joint in the workers and females, and
often also in the males, is greatly elongated and forms what is
known as the scape. The remaining shorter joints, constituting
the funiculus, or flagellum, are articulated at an angle with the
scape and can be folded up against it.

2. One or two of the segments of the base of the abdomen
are much reduced in size to form a pedicel, and these segments
are either nodiform or bear an erect or inclined scale. When
only one of these segments is present, it is known as the petiole ;
when two are present, the first is the petiole, the second the post-
petiole. The swollen portion of the abdomen behind the pedicel
is known as the gaster, and has one more visible segment in the
male than in the female (queen).

3. The legs of ants are distinguished from those of many
other Hymenoptera in having only one instead of two small
joints (trochanters) -between the hip (coxa) and femur.

4. The venation of the wings of male and female ants is
much simplified and differs considerably from that of other
Hymenoptera. The female, or queen ant, unlike the queens of
the social bees and wasps, loses her wings after fertilization.

The colonies of all our northern ants nest either in the ground
or in decaying wood. The nests, or formicaries, may be under
stones or logs, and always consist of irregularly excavated, inter-
communicating cavities, unlike the regular paper or waxen combs
of other social Hymenoptera. Often the nests are surmounted
37

5/8 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

by earthen craters or dome-shaped mounds, or " hills." The latter
are perforated with cavities which serve as incubators for the
young, that is, for the minute eggs, the legless, grub-like larvae,
and the pupae. The pupae are either naked or enclosed in ellip-
tical cocoons which are spun by the mature larvae.

Many species of ants harbor in their nests messmates or para-
sites belonging to various groups of insects. Some of these so-
called myrmecophiles are fed and cared for by the ants, others
prey upon the ants or their brood. Certain species of ants may
themselves become parasitic on other ants. A few of these para-
sitic species have lost their worker caste completely, and are,
therefore, represented only by male and female individuals like
the non-social Hymenoptera.

The food of ants consists primarily of other insects found dead
or in a moribund or helpless condition on the ground or vegeta-
tion. Many species, however, feed on honey-dew, and either col-
lect this sweet liquid directly from the plant-lice and scale insects
of which it is the excrement, or lap it up from the surfaces of
the leaves on which it has fallen. Ants are, on the whole, bene-
ficial insects, since they consume enormous numbers of dead and
decomposing organisms. Many of the less abundant species are
neither beneficial nor noxious. A few, like the little red house-
ant (Monomorium pharaonis) and the large black carpenter-ant
(Camponotus pennsylvanicus) , are sometimes a pest in houses.
Both of these species are very fond of feeding on sweets in pan-
tries, kitchens, etc., and the carpenter-ant also has the injurious
habit of excavating its galleries in the beams and rafters of houses.
A few species, like the garden ant (Lasius americanus) and the
silky ant {Formica subsericea) , disfigure lawns and garden beds
with their burrows and craters.

The following list of ants occurring in Connecticut has been
prepared at the suggestion of Dr. W. E. Britton from material
collected by himself, Mr. H. L. Viereck, and others in various
parts of the state, and from my own collections made during
several summers in the vicinity of Colebrook, Winsted, and Nor-
folk in the Litchfield Hills. This list is probably very incom-
plete, as I have found several species in adjacent portions of New
York (e. g., near White Plains), not represented in the material
from Connecticut. Previous authors have recorded from the

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 579

latter state several species which I have had to discard. Mayr
ascribed to Connecticut Pogonomyrmex suhdentatus, an ant known
to oecur only in the arid deserts of the Southwest ; and Buckley
described the following species from the same state: Formica
nortonii, F. americana, F. connecticutensis, F. gttava, F. occiden-
talism and Myrmica (Diplorhoptrum) scahrata. With the excep-
tion of F, gnava, none of these forms can be recognized from
Buckley's abominable descriptions. Under F. gnava he evidently
included several different ants. One of these, a form of F. fusca
intermediate between the varieties subsericea Say and neoru-
fibarbis Emery, I have been able to recognize in the Texan fauna,
and I have therefore restricted Buckley's name to this particular
variety. With this single exception, however, all of the above
names of Buckley's Formicidae may be consigned to oblivion.

As the worker caste is the best known and most commonly
met with, it is the only one used for identification in the tables
published in the following pages. These tables include the sub-
families, genera, and subgenera known to occur in North America
north of Mexico. Of the five subfamilies only four are repre-
sented in the Northern States, the remaining one (Dorylinae) being
confined to tropical and subtropical regions.

Key to Subfamilies.

1. Cloaca! orifice ventral, slit-shaped; sting well developed or

vestigial; abdominal pedicel consisting of one or two seg-
ments 3

Cloacal orifice terminal, circular, surrounded by a fringe of
hairs; abdominal pedicel consisting of only a single seg-
ment; no constriction between the first and second gastric
segments; pupae usually enclosed in cocoon

CAMPONOTINiE p. 590

2. Sting developed, sometimes very small but nevertheless ex-

sertile; abdominal pedicel consisting of one or two seg-
ments; when of only one, a distinct constriction between

first and second gastric segments 3

Sting vestigial; abdominal pedicel consisting of a single seg-
ment; no constriction between first and second gastric
segments; anal glands which produce a secretion with a
peculiar rancid-butter odor (" Tapinoma odor ") often
present; pupae naked Dolichoderin^ p. 589

3. Pupae always enclosed in cocoons; abdominal pedicel consist-

ing of a single segment; gaster with a distinct constriction
between its first and second segments; frontal carinas

\

f

580 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

separated or close together; when close together, dilated
to form oblique or horizontal laminae partly covering in-
sertions of antennae Ponerin^ p. 580

Pupae naked; abdominal pedicel consisting of two segments 4
4. Frontal carinae very close together, almost vertical, not at all
covering antennal insertions; eyes always very small or

absent; tropical and subtropical DoRVLiNiE

Frontal carinae of a different conformation and covering the
antennal insertions; eyes rarely vestigial or absent; cos-
mopolitan MYRMiaNiE p. 581

PONERIN^. ,

Key to Genera.

1. Frontal carinae closely approximated; antennae inserted very

near oral margin; tip of gaster strongly deflected down-
ward 2

Frontal carinae of a different conformation; tip of gaster not
deflected downward 3

2. Front of clypeus projecting in middle; petiole nodiform

Sysphincta
Clypeus not projecting in middle; petiole surmounted by a
scale Proceratium

3. Mandibles linear, inserted close together at middle of oral

border; petiole 'terminating in a point or spine above

Odontomachus
Mandibles inserted at corners of head; petiole rounded or
flattened above 4

4. Antennae very thick and robust S

Antennae not greatly thickened 6

5. Pygidium with a row of prominent prickles on its lateral

border; last antennal joint not greatly enlarged

Acanthostichus
Pygidium without prominent prickles on its lateral border;
last antennal joint greatly enlarged Cerapachys

6. Mandibles long and slender, with coarse, bidenticulate teeth;

clypeus with numerous teeth on its anterior border; peti-
ole not constricted posteriorly Stigmatomma p. 581

Of a different conformation 7

7. Claws pectinate 8

Claws simple 9

8. Mandibles edentate, slender; without distinct apical border

Leptogenys {s. sfr.)
Mandibles broader, generally toothed; with distinct apical
border Leptogenys (Lobopelta)

9. Median spur of mid and hind legs alone developed; lateral

spurs lacking; small species with vestigial eyes. .Ponera p. 581

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 58 1

Both spurs of mid and hind legs well developed; medium
or large species, with larger eyes 10

10. Cheeks with a longitudinal carina Neoponera

Cheeks without a carina 11

11. Pronotum more or less marginate on sides; mid tibiae not

abbreviated nor beset with prominent bristles

Pachycondyla (s. sir.)
Pronotum not marginate on sides; mid tibiae short, with

prominent bristles on their exterior surfaces

Euponera (Pseudoponera)

Stigmatomma Roger.

S. pallipes Haldeman, var wheeleri Santschi.

This singular and primitive ant is subterranean or hypogseic in
its habits, and occurs only in rich, rather damp woods, und"er
stones, leaf-mold, or more rarely under rotten logs. It is by no
means common. The colonies are small, comprising in extreme
cases from forty to sixty individuals. The males and winged
females appear in August and early September.

Suffield (Geo. Dimmock) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

Ponera Latreille.
P. coarctata pennsylvanica (Buckley) Emery.
Like the preceding, this small, slender species lives in small

colonies, but is much more abundant. It nests under stones and
vegetable mold, in rotten logs, etc., in rather open woods, along
hedges, etc. The males and winged females appear in late
August and early September.
Colebrook (W. M. W.).

Myrmicin^.

Key to Genera.

1. Workers absent Epoecus ; Sympheidole; Epipheidole

Workers present 2

2. Clypeus not extending back between frontal carinae, which

are closely approximated; antennae 12-jointed

Pseudomyrma
Clypeus almost always extending back between frontal carinae,
which are more or less separated; in the opposite case
antennae i i-jointed 3

3. Antennal fossae prolonged as grooves for antennal scapes

582 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

along sides of head dorsal to eyes and covered by ex-
tended lateral margins of head; antennae ii-jointed

Cryptocerus
Antennal fossae of a different conformation or antennx of a
different number of joints 4

4. Postpetiole articulated to dorsal surface of gaster, which

is flattened dorsally, more convex ventrally, and pointed

at tip Crematogaster p. 585

Postpetiole inserted at anterior end of gaster, which is of
the usual shape S

5. Antennae 6-jointed; head cordiform, antennal fossae as long

as scapes Strumigenys

Antennae with more than six joints 6

6. Antennae ii-jointed; without a distinct club or with a club

consisting of only a single joint 7

Antennal club consisting of several joints, or antennae not
I i-jointed 10

7. Integument rough, bearing stiflf or hooked hairs 8

Integument smoother; hairs scale-like and appressed

Cyphomyrmex

8. Large species; workers highly polymorphic; head with a

pair of occipital spines only; thorax with three pairs of

dorsal spines or tubercles Atta (j. str.)

Small species; workers monomorphic or feebly polymorphic;
thoracic dorsum with four pairs of spines or tubercles .... 9

9. Head broad with rounded occipital lobes, without supraocu-

lar spines or tubercles Atta (Moellerius)

Head narrow, with angular occipital lobes; body rough, cov-
ered with small tubercles Atta (Trachjrmyrmex)

10. Antennae with a 2-jointed club ll

Antennal club, when developed, with more than two joints 12

11. Antennae lo-jointed, epinotum unarmed Solenopsis p. 584

Antennae ii-jointed, epinotum dentate Erebomyrma

12. Posterior margin of clypeus elevated in the form of a welt

or ridge bordering antennal fossa in front 13

Posterior border of clypeus not thus elevated IS

13. Portion of clypeus in front of antennal insertion narrow but

not reduced to a mere ridge; antennae of male lo-jointed. . 14
Portion of clypeus in front of antennal insertion reduced to
a mere ridge; antennae of male 13-jointed . .Myrmecina p. 584

14. Antennae 12-jointed Tetramorium (s. str.)

Antennae ii-jointed Tetramorium (Xiphomyrmex)

15. Antennae i i-jointed 16

Antennae 12-jointed 19

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 583

16. Thorax and petiole without any traces of teeth or spines; pro-

notum never angular 17

Epinotum armed with spines or teeth 18

17. Petiole distinctly pedunculate Monomorium p. 584

Petiole not pedunculate Xcnomyrmex

18. Mesoepinotal constriction distinct; males ergatomorphic

Symmyrmica
Mesoepinotal constriction faint or lacking; males not ergato-
morphic Lepthothorax p. 588

19. Workers strongly dimorphic, usually without intermediates

connecting the extreme forms; antennal club 3-jointed,

longer than remainder of funiculus Pheidole p. 584

Workers monomorphic or polymorphic, i. e., with mediae in-
termediate between major and minor forms; antennal club
indistinct or shorter than remainder of funiculus 20

20. Last three antennal joints much shorter than remainder of

funiculus and not forming a distinct club 21

Last three antennal joints forming a distinct club nearly as
long as remainder of funiculus 26

21. Thoracic dorsum impressed at mesoepinotal suture; promeso-

notal suture usually distinct 22

Thoracic dorsum without any traces of suture or impressions

Pogonomyrmex

22. Posterior tibial spurs pectinated Myrmica p. 587

Posterior tibial spurs simple 23

23. Small hypogseic species, with vestigial eyes and two keels on

clypeus Stenamma p. 585

Medium-sized epigaeic species with well-developed eyes and
no keels on clypeus 24

24. Workers monomorphic 25

Workers polymorphic Novomessor

25. Cosmopolitan species with moderately slender thorax and

legs Aphaenogaster (s. sir.) p. 585

Tropical and subtropical species with very slender thorax
and legs Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma)

26. Clypeus armed with a pair of ridges which project forward

in the form of teeth, rarely without teeth, but then the
epinotum quite unarmed; mesoepinotal suture marked

Monomorium p. 584
Clypeus of a different conformation, rarely 2-toothed, but
then the mesoepinotal suture indistinct 27

27. Postpetiole campanulate, not constricted behind, but applied

with its whole posterior surface to first gastric segment

Macromischa
Postpetiole constricted behind Leptothorax p. 588

584 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Myrmecina Curtis.

M. graminicola americana var. brevispinosa Emery.

Rare; nesting in small colonies under stones in shady woods.
Males and winged females appear during August. It is a timid
species which " feigns death " when rudely handled.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

Monomorium Mayr.

M. minimum (Buckley) Emery.

This very small jet-black ant nests in small crater nests in
sandy or gravelly places. The workers move in files, visiting
plants in search of honey-dew and the secretion of the extrafloral
nectaries. The species seems to be absent from the hilly portions
of the State.

New Haven, North Haven (H. L. V.).

°M. pharaonsis Linnaeus.

This little " red " or " yellow house ant," though not recorded
from Connecticut, can hardly be absent from the seaport towns,
as it is common on ships and has been carried to all parts of the
world from its original home in the warmer regions of the Old
World.

Solenopsis Westwood.

S. molesta Say.

A species with minute yellow workers and much larger brown
females and blackish males. It is common in open grassy places,
where it may live either in independent formicaries under stones,
or as a thief ant in the walls separating the galleres of the formi-
caries of larger ants belonging to the genera Formica, Myrmica,
Aphanogaster, etc. The males and winged females appear late
in August.

New Haven (E. B. Whitttlesey) ; North Haven (H. L. V.) ;
Colebrook (W. M. W.).

Pheidole Westwood.

P. pilifera Roger.

This ant undoubtedly occurs in sandy regions in the southern
portion of the State, as it is common on Long Island (Cold Spring
Harbor) and has been found in Massachusetts. It is a true har-
vesting ant, storing the chambers of its nest with seeds of grass

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 585

and other plants. The huge-headed soldiers undoubtedly func-
tion as seed-crushers.

New Haven (W. E. B.).

Crematogaster Lund.

C. lineolata Say.

A very common species, nesting under stones in open places,
under stumps, boards, the bark of old logs, etc. There is a vesti-
gial tendency in this ant to construct carton partitions or cells in
its nest or over aphids and coccids on plants. The workers,
which have a disagreeable odor, move about in loose files and
often carry the triangular gaster over the thorax with the tip
turned forward. The males and winged females may be found
in the nests from the latter part of July to September.

Connecticut (Mayr) ; Branford, West Haven (H. L. V.) ;
New Haven, New Canaan (W. E. B.) ; Suffield (Geo. Dimmock) ;
Colebrook (W. M. W.).

C. lineolata var, cerasi Fitch.

Differs from the preceding in its. paler color.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

Stenamma Mayr.
S. brevicorne Mayr.

Rare ; nesting in small colonies under stones or vegetable mold
in rich woods.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

Aphaenogaster Mayr.
Key to Species.

1. Antennal scape with a long, flattened lobe at its base treatae

Antennal scape without a lobe 2

2. Basal third of first gastric segment longitudinally striated

maris
Basal third of first gastric segment smooth 3

3. Epinotal spines at least as long as base of epinotum; color

red tennesseensis

Epinotal spines shorter than base of epinotum; color red-
dish brown or black 4

4. Epinotal spines somewhat longer 'than half the base of epi-

notum; length 4.5-S mm (typical) fulva

Epinotal spines shorter; length 4-4.5 mm 5

586 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

5. Color reddish brown fulva subspecies aquia

Color pitchy black fulva aquia var. picea

A. tennesseensis Mayr.

This species differs from our other species of Aphcenogaster
in having very small and very smooth females with huge epinotal
spines. These aberrant females probably establish their colonies
in nests of AphcBUOgaster fulva or some one of its varieties, in
the same way that Formica difUcilis var. consocians establishes
its colonies in nests of F. schaufussi var. incerta {vide infra). At
least tennesseensis is known to occur only in regions where fulva
is unusually abundant, and several mixed colonies of the two
species, containing queens of tennesseensis only, have been
recorded. When living in unmixed colonies it always nests in
rotten wood.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

A. treatae Forel.

The female and worker are easily recognized by the remark-
able lamella on the base of the antennal scape.

Poquonock (H. L. V.), almost the northernmost locality in
which this species has been found.

A. mariae Forel.

A single winged female that had just descended from her
nuptial flight was taken 8 September, 1901.
Colebrook (W. M. W.).

A. fulva Roger.

Nesting in rotten wood in rather dense forests; rarer than
the following subspecies and variety.

Connecticut (Mayr); Colebrook (W. M. W.).

A. fulva aquia (Buckley) Emery.

Under stones in shady woods, often in the same stations as
the following variety.

Branford (H. L. V., H. W. W.) ; New Haven (H. L. V.) ;
Colebrook (W. M. W.).

A. fulva aquia var. picea Emery.

Apparently common throughout the State. The males and
winged females appear during July and August.

Connecticut (Emery) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 587

M)rrmica Latreille.
Key io Species.

1. First gastric segment with coarse, scattered punctures

punctiventris
First gastric segment without such punctures 2

2. Antennal scape not dilated to form a tooth or lobe at base,

but merely curved brevinodis and varieties

Antennal scape toothed or lobed at base

scabrinodis and varieties

M. punctiventris Roger,

A rare species nesting in small colonies under stones or moss
in moist shady vv^oods. It is easily recognized by the coarse
punctures on the gaster of the worker and female. The winged
phases appear during August and September.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

M. brevinodis Emery, var. canadensis Wheeler.

In Connecticut this form is confined to the bogs and low-lying
pastures among the Litchfield Hills where it nests in grassy hum-
mocks or under stones. It is the host of a species of Leptothorax,
L. emersoni (see p. 588). The males and winged females appear
during August.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

M. scabrinodis Nylander, var. sabuleti Meinert.

This variety of the palearctic scabrinodis is reddish in
color and in the male phase has the antennal scape somewhat more
than a third the length of the funiculus. It nests in sandy or
gravelly, sunny places, such as open pastures, roadsides, etc. The
males and winged females may be found in the nests in the latter
part of August.

West Haven, Branford (H. L. V.) ; New Haven (W. E. B.) ;
Colebrook (W. M. W.).

M. scabrinodis var. schencki Emery.

This form sometimes passes in the literature as lobicornis.
The male has short, thick antennal scapes, shorter than those of
sabuleti and rarely longer than one-fourth of the funiculus.

Stafford (W. E. B.) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

M. scabrinodis var. fracticornis Emery.

A form which is occasionally found nesting in the grass of

588 CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

cool bogs or meadows, and is small and dark colored, with the
antennal scape bent at a right angle.
Connecticut (Pergande, Emery).

Leptothorax Mayr.
Key to Species.

1. Thorax faintly but distinctly impressed at mesoepinotal su-

ture 2

Thorax not impressed at mesoepinotal suture 3

2. Post petiole opaque, sculptured acervorum subspecies canadensis
Postpetiole smooth emersoni

3. Color black or dark brown; epinotal spines very long and

straight longispinosus

Color yellow ; epinotal spines curved 4

4. Epinotal spines long and thin (typical) curvispinosus

Epinotal spines short and nearly straight

curvispinosus subspecies ambiguus

L. acervorum subspecies canadensis Provancher.

A rather rare boreal form nesting in bark in small colonies.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

L. emersoni Wheeler.

Living only in xenobiosis with colonies of Myrmica brevi-
nodis. It obtains its food by licking the surfaces and mouth-parts
of the Myrmica workers, and brings up its brood in little cells
which communicate by means of slender galleries with the larger
chambers and runways of the Myrmica. The males and winged
females appear during August.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

L. longispinosus Roger.

A black species nesting under small stones lying on large
boulders, in the clefts of rocks, in hollow nuts lying on the
ground, and more rarely under bark. The workers seek their
food, which consists of small insects and honey-dew, on the low
vegetation in the shade of the trees.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

L. curvispinosus Mayr.

Nesting in hollow twigs, galls, etc. Easily recognized by its
yellow color and the two black or brown spots on the first gastric
segment.

Branford, RockviUe (H. L. V.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 589

L. curvispinosus Mayr, subspecies ambiguus Emery.

Very similar to the preceding but with shorter and straighter
epinotal spines.

West Haven (H. L. V.) ; Stafford (W. E. B.) ; Colebrook
(W. M. W.).

Tetramorium Mayr.
°T. casspitum Linnseus.

Though this form has not yet been recorded from Connecticut,
there can be little doubt that it occurs within the state. I have
found it at Mamaroneck and Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., both
locahties very near the Connecticut boundary. It has been in-
troduced into America from Europe.

DOLICHODERIN^. .
Key to Genera.

1. Chitinous integument hard and brittle, often strongly sculp-

tured; thorax and petiole often spinose or angular

Dolichoderus p. 589
Chitinous integument thin and flexible, smooth or very finely
sculptured; thorax and petiole always unarmed 2

2. Scale of petiole very small, strongly inclined forward, or

even altogether absent 3

Scale of petiole more or less inclined, but well developed 4

3. Scale of petiole small but distinct; gizzard with a convex, 4-

lobed calyx Forelius

Scale vestigial or absent; gizzard with a depressed calyx,
without lobes Tapinoma p. SQO

4. Epinotum with a conical elevation Dorymyrmex

Epinotum without a conical elevation 5

5. Body not conspicuously hairy or pubescent; gizzard very

short with a large reflected calyx; ocelli absent . . Iridomyrmex
Body densely pubescent; gizzard at least as long as broad;
ocelli usually present in large workers Liometopum

Dolichoderus Lund.

D. mariae Forel.

Readily distinguished from our other species of Dolichoderus
by the bright red head and thorax in the worker and female. It
forms large colonies, nesting in sandy places about the roots of
grasses and bushes. The workers ascend trees in files and attend
aphids and coccids.

Connecticut (Emery).

590

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

D. plagiatus Mayr.

The head and thorax of the worker are coarsely punctate or
foveolate and the gaster has large yellowish red spots. It nests
in the ground in small colonies. In other respects its habits re-
semble those of the preceding species.

Rockville (H. L. V.) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

Tapinoma Foerster.

T. sessile Say.

Evidently very common, especially in the southern portion of
the state. It nests under stones, dead leaves, logs, bark, etc.,
usually in sunny places. The larvae and pupae are salmon-colored.
The workers emit a peculiar rancid-butter odor, the characteristic
" Tapinoma odor," which serves to distinguish them from all our
other eastern ants.

Branford, New Haven, Stony Creek, Double Beach (H. L.
V.) ; Orange (W. E. B.) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

Camponotin^.
Key to Genera.

1. Antennae 9-jointed Brachymyrmex p. 591

Antennae with more than nine joints 2

2. Workers strongly polymorphic, i. e., with large-headed work-

ers (majores) and small-headed workers (minores) and in-
termediate forms (mediae) Camponotus p. 600

Workers n©t polymorphic though often of variable size .... 3

3. Clypeal fossa distinctly separated from antennal fossa .... 4
Clypeal fossa confluent with antennal fossa 5

4. Antennal scapes and tibiae with erect hairs; mesonotum con-

stricted but not subcylindrical .Prenolepis (Nylanderia) p. 591
Antennal scapes and tibiae without erect hairs; mesonotum

strongly constricted and subcylindrical

Prenolepis (j. sir.) p. 591

5. Second to fifth joints of funiculus shorter or not longer than

succeeding joints; ocelli usually absent 6

Second to fifth joints of funiculus longer than succeeding
joints ; ocelli distinct 7

6. Maxillary palpi 6-jointed Lasius {s. str.) p. 591

Maxillary palpi 3-jointed Lasius (Acanthomyops) p. 594

7. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi nearly as long as fifth

Myrmecocystus
Fourth joint of maxillary palpi a little longer than fifth 8

8. Mandibles with broad dentate apical border Formica p. 594

Mandibles narrow, falcate and pointed Polyergus p. 599

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 59I

Brach5miyrmex Mayr.

B. heeri depilis Emery.

The smallest of the New England ants. It nests under stones
in shady woods and has habits similar to those of Lasius. It at-
tends root Coccidce. The males and winged females make their
appearance ahout the middle of August.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

Prenolepis Mayr.

P. imparls Say.

I have not found this ant in the Litchfield Hills. It makes
small crater nests in shady oak woods in soil usually containing
more or less clay. The workers visit trees for the purpose of
attending aphids, obtaining the secretion of extrafloral nectaries,
etc. After imbibing these liquids, the gaster often becomes so
distended that it is four or five times its normal size and the
insects walk with difficulty. In this replete condition imparls
workers may be said to represent a temporary stage of the more
extraordinary enlargement of the gaster seen in the honey ants
(Myrmecocystus) of the Southwestern States and Mexico. The
males and females of imparts often pass the winter in the
parental nest and celebrate their nuptial flight early in the spring.

New Haven, Yalesville (H. L. V.) ; Branford (H. W. W.) ;
New Haven (W. E. B.).

P. imparis var. minuta Emery.

Diflfers from the preceding merely in the smaller size of the
worker. It is probably not a true variety but merely a nest
variation (incipient colony form).

New Haven, Yalesville (H. L. V.).

Subgenus Nylanderia.

°P. (N.) parvula Mayr.

Undoubtedly occurs in southern Connecticut. I have taken it
as far east as Mamaroneck and Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., but
have never been able to find it in the Litchfield Hills.

Lasius Fabricius.
Key to Species.

I. Maxillary palpi 6-jointed (Lasius s. str.) 2

Maxillary palpi 3-jointed (subgenus Acanthomyops) 7

592

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

2. Last three joints of maxillary palpi elongated, of nearly

equal length 3

Last three joints of maxillary palpi short, successively
diminishing in length j • . 4

3. Scapes and legs without erect hairs niger var. americanus

Scapes and legs beset with erect hairs niger var. neoniger

4. Tips of scapes not quite reaching to posterior corners of

head brevicomis

Tips of scapes surpassing posterior corners of head 5

5. Tips of antennal scapes but slightly surpassing posterior

corners of head; color pale yellow flavus subspecies nearcticus
Tips of antennal scapes extending some distance beyond
posterior corners of head; color brownish yellow 6

6. Gaster subopaque; with appressed hairs

* umbratus subspecies mixtus var. aphidicola

Gaster smooth and shining, without appressed hairs

umbratus mixtus var. speculiventris

7. Petiole low and blunt above in profile latipes

Petiole higher, thin, and acute above in profile 8

8. Penultimate joints of distally incrassated antennal funiculus

somewhat broader than long; gaster with abundant long

hairs claviger

Penultimate joints of but slightly incrassated antennal
funiculus not broader than long; gaster with sparse long
hairs interjectus

L. niger Linnaeus, var. americanus Emery.

This ant, which passes in much of our entomological literature
as L. alieniis, is not only the commonest of our numerous species
of Lasius, but the most abundant of our ants, and hence, of all
our insects. It occurs over the whole of North America except
the extreme southern and southwestern portions, from timber-
line on the highest mountains to the sands of the seashore. Even
in circumscribed localities it shows in its nesting sites great
adaptability to different physical conditions, from the damp rotten
wood of dense forests to the sandy soil of dry, sunny roads.
Usually the workers living in the latter stations are much paler
in color than the woodland forms. The nests are indifferently
under bark, logs or stones, in rotten wood or in soil. When in
the open soil, they are surmounted by small single or clustered
craters. Like all of our other species of Lasius, L. niger var.
americanus is much given to cultivating root aphids in the cham-
bers and galleries of its nests; but, with the exception of the
variety neoniger, it is the only one of our forms that is not exclu-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 593

sively subterranean in its habits. It may often be seen visiting
the foliage of trees and bushes in search of aphids and small
insects. Professor S. A. Forbes has shown that it is of consid-
erable economic importance on account of its noxious habit of
cultivating the root aphids of maize, or Indian corn {Aphis
maidiradicis) . The males and winged females appear in August,

New Haven, West Haven, Branford (H. L. V.) ; New Haven
(W. E. B., B. H. W.) ; Colebrook, Winsted, Norfolk (W. M. W.).

L. niger Linnaeus, var. neoniger Emery.

Differs from the preceding variety in having erect hairs on
the legs and antennal scapes in the workers and females.

New Hartford, Stafford (W. E. B.) ; Colebrook, Winsted,
Norfolk (W. M. W.).

L. flavus nearcticus Wheeler.

The American representative of the European ilavus, under
which name it is sometimes recorded in the literature. The bodies
of the workers have a milky white appearance. The colonies,
which are rather small, nest under stones or leaf-mold in damp,
shady woods. The males and winged females appear during the
first week of August.

Connecticut (Mayr) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

L. brcvicomis Emery.

The worker of this species differs from that of the preceding
in having the antennal scapes not reaching beyond the posterior
corners of the head. The colonies nest under stones on hill slopes
and in pastures where the soil is rather dry and sandy. The males
and winged females appear about the middle of August.

Branford (H. W. W.) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

L. umbratus mixtus Nylander, var. aphidicola Walsh.

Nesting under stones or in old logs and stumps in damp, shady
woods. The colonies, which are rather populous, cultivate snow-
white root aphids and coccids in great numbers, especially during
the winter and early spring. The males and females appear during
August and early September.

Westport (W. E. B.) ; Colebrook, (W. M. W.).

L. umbratus mixtus var. speculiventris Emery.

This form, originally described as a distinct species, is scarcely

38

594

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

more than a variety. Its habits, according to my observations, are
very similar to those of aphidicola.
Colebrook (W. M. W.).

Subgenus Acanthoniyops Mayr.

L. (A.) interjectus Mayr.

The yellow Lasii of the subgenus Acanthomyops, besides
having only 3- instead of 6-jointed maxillary palpi in the worker
and female phases, have a peculiar and rather agreeable odor like
lemon verbena, and quite unlike the odor of the typical Lasii.
They all form large colonies and lead a subterranean aphidicolous
existence. L. interjectus is the largest species of the genus. It
is found nesting in old logs and stumps in open woods and occa-
sionally makes rough mounds or merely excavates its galleries
under large stones.

Connecticut (Mayr) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

L. (A.) claviger Roger.

The commonest of our species of Acanthomyops, nesting under
stones along the edges of woods where there is plenty of warmth
and moisture. The males and winged females may be found in
the nests from the middle of August till the latter part of Sep-
tember.

Connecticut (Mayr) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

L. (A.) latipes Walsh.

Rather common in grassy fields under stones. It has been
shown by Mr. J. F. McClendon and myself that some colonies of
this ant have dimorphic females. One of these females (the
/3 -female) is very hairy, and has much flattened femora and tibiae.
The other female (the a. -female) is intermediate in structure
between the /3-female and the female of claviger. The males
and winged females are found in the nest during the latter part
of August.

Colebrook (W. M. W., J. F. McClendon).

Formica Latreille.
Key to Species.
I. Clypeus with a notch in middle of anterior border (F.

sanguinea) , 2

Clypeus without a notch in its anterior border 4

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 595

2. Color deep red, gaster black 3

Color light red, gaster brown

sanguinea subspecies subintegra

3. Head and thorax not infuscated; slaves nearly always present

in formicaries sanguinea subspecies rubicunda

Head and thorax often infuscated above; slaves few or entirely
absent sanguinea subspecies aserva

4. Posterior border of head broadly excised exsectoides

Posterior border of head not excised S

5. Body rather stout; head of larger workers usually but little

longer than broad; second to third funicular joints, much
more elongated than sixth to eighth; color red, with brown

or black gaster 6

Body more slender and graceful; head of larger workers dis-
tinctly longer than broad; second to third funicular joints
but little more elongated than sixth to eighth; color rarely
as in preceding 9

6. Petiole broad, with sharp upper border 7

Petiole narrow, thick and blunt above difficilis var. consocians

7. Gula, or lower surface of head, with erect hairs 8

Gula and body without erect hairs . .tnmcicola subspecies Integra

8. Tibiae with suberect hairs ; females large

tnmcicola subspecies obscuriventris
Tibiae without suberect hairs; females very small nepticula

9. Middle funicular joints more than one and one-half times as

long as broad; scape very slender and nearly straight;
petiole with convex anterior and posterior surfaces and
blunt upper margin; body smooth and rather shining

(pallide-fulva) 10

Middle funicular joints usually less than one and one-half
times as long as broad; scape distinctly curved at base;
posterior surface of petiole flat, body more densely pubes-
cent (fusca) 13

10. Gula and petiolar border with erect hairs 11

Gula and petiolar border without erect hairs 12

11. Yellowish or reddish brown, gaster but little darker, gula

and petiolar hairs numerous

pallide-fulva subspecies schaufussi
Somewhat smaller and darker, with only a few erect hairs on
gula and petiolar border pallide-fulva schaufussi var. incerta

12. Head and thorax deep reddish; gaster brownish black,

shining pallide-fulva subspecies nitidiventris

Head and thorax as well as gaster dark brown or piceous, sur-
face more opaque pallide-fulva nitidiventris var. fuscata

13. Gula without erect hairs 14

Gula with erect hairs 15

596 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

14. Gaster finely and densely pubescent, with gray, silky luster

fusca var. subsericea
Gaster scarcely pubescent, finely shagreened, shining with
a submetallic luster fusca var. subaenescens

15. Color light brown, with darker head and gaster subpolita

Color black or dark brown, with reddish legs neogagates

F. sanguinea rubicunda Emery.

This subspecies of the holarctic " blood-red slave-maker," or
sanguinary ant, is less common than the next. It usually nests
under stones in grassy places along the edges of woods, It obtains
slaves, or auxiliary workers, by kidnapping the larvae and pupae
of subsericea. The males and winged females appear during
July and August.

New Haven (B. H. W.) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

F. sanquinea subintegra Emery.

This variety has the same auxiliary species as the preceding,
and the somewhat smaller males and winged females make their
appearance during the same months.

New Haven (H. L. V.) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

F. sanguinea aserva (Forel).

Rarer than the preceding form of sanguinea. The slaves,
which are present in the colonies only in very small numbers or
are altogether absent, belong to subsericea.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

F. exsectoides Forel.

This " mound-building ant of the Alleghanies," as McCook
has named it, is found nesting in open glades or clearings and is
not uncommon in the more hilly portions of the State. The
mounds which it constructs of earth and vegetable debris, are
regularly dome-shaped and usually vary from three to four feet
in diameter at the base and from one to two feet in height. They
are exposed to the sun, though often covered with living grass
except at the summit. (See plate v.) The entrances are very
numerous and mostly confined to a broad girdle around the base.
A single colony often extends over several mounds. The work-
ers, which are easily distinguished from those of our other species
of Formica by the excised posterior border of the head, are very
pugnacious. Like the European exsecta, they have a habit
of sawing off the heads of other ants. It is known that the

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 597

females establish their colonies in depauperate colonies of fusca
var. suhsericea.

Connecticut (Mayr) ; Branford, North Haven, New Haven
(H. L. V.) ; New Hartford, Stafford (W. E. B.) ; Cromwell,
Hartford (Forel) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

F. truncicola obscuriventris Mayr.

A single colony, found near the summit of one of the Litch-
field Hills (about 1,400 feet).

Connecticut (Mayr); Colebrook (W. M. W.) ; Brookfield
(E. L. Dickerson).

F. truncicola integra Nylander.

Our largest and most conspicuous form of truncicola nesting
in great colonies which often comprise several nests. These are
in piles of large stones or in old logs and stumps. The ants stuff
all the crannies of their abodes with bits of dead grass, leaves,
etc. Like most other species of Formica, integra is much
given to attending aphids. It is most abundant in hilly regions,
where it prefers sunny glades or clearings in the forests. The
males and winged females appear in July.

Connecticut (Mayr) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

F. difHcilis Emery, var. consocians Wheeler.

In this interesting species, as I have shown, the females, which
are yellow and hardly larger than the largest workers, are tem-
porary parasites in the nests of schaufussi var. incerta. Soon
after fertilization the queen seeks adoption in some depauperate
and probably queenless colony of incerta and there permits her
hosts to bring up her young. Later the incerta workers die off,
leaving the consocians as a pure and independent colony, which
grows rapidly in size and shows no evidence of its parasitic
origin. The nesting habits of diMcilis resemble those of in-
tegra on a small scale.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

F. nepticula Wheeler.

Like the preceding, this species has very small females, which,
in all probability, are social parasites in the colonies of some
other Formica, probably neogagates Emery. The males and
winged females make their appearance during July.

Colebrook (W. M. W.).

598 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

F. pallide-fulva schaufussi Mayr.

This is one of the commonest species of^ Formica. It nests
in rather small colonies under stones or in small, obscure mound
nests in sunny and grassy fields. It is timid and runs rapidly.
Its food seems to consist very largely of the excrement of aphids
and the carcasses of insects.

Connecticut (Mayr and Emery) ; New Haven (W. E. B.) ;
Winsted, Norfolk, Colebrook (W. M. W.).

F. pallide-fulva schaufussi var. incerta Emery.

Common in the same localities as the typical schaufussi, from
which it differs merely in somewhat darker coloration and in
having fewer hairs on the chin and petiolar border. It is the
host of diMcilis var. consocians.

Branford (H. W. W.) ; Rockville (H. L. V.); Winsted,
Norfolk, Colebrook (W. M. W.).

F. pallide-fulva nitidiventris Emery.

The workers are smaller than those of the two preceding
forms, dark colored, without hairs on the chin and petiolar
border, and with more shining and less pubescent gaster. The
habits are similar to those of other forms of the species.

New Haven (P. L. B.) ; Salisbury, New Haven, Orange
(W. E. B.) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

°F. pallide-fulva nitidiventris var. fuscata Emery.

This variety, which is characterized by its dark color and
somewhat opaque gaster, can hardly be absent from Connecticut,
as it occurs in the adjacent states.

F. fusca Linnaeus, var, subsericea Say. Silky Ant.

Next to Lasius niger var. americanus, this is the commonest
of our ants and hence also of our insects. It prefers sunny,
grassy places, and either constructs dome-shaped mounds which
are largest and most definite in outline in the Middle States, or
excavates its galleries under stones, boards, the bark of stumps,
etc. Except when living in large colonies, it is a very cowardly
species. Like the other members of the genus Formica, it attends
aphids, but is equally fond of feeding on the dead bodies of
insects. The males and winged females make their appearance
during July and August.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 599

Suffield (Dimmock) ; Branford, Cheshire, Mt. Carmel, New
Haven (H. L. V.) ; New Haven, Salisbury (W. E. B.) ; Crom-
well, Hartford (Forel) ; Winsted, Norfolk, Colebrook (W.
M. W.).

F. fusca var. subaenescens Emery.

A rare species, apparently, in New York and New England,
but common in the Northern Middle States (Illinois, Wiscon-
sin, Michigan). It differs from the preceding variety in having
a more metallic and less pubescent surface. It prefers to nest
under logs and stones in rather shady woods.

Connecticut (Emery); Colebrook (W. M. W.).

°F.' subpolita Mayr.

I have not seen specimens of the typical form of this species
from the State. It is possible that Mayr's specimens may have
belonged to the following species.

Connecticut (Mayr).

F. neogagates Emery.

Nesting in rather small colonies under stones only on the hills
at an altitude of about i,ooo feet or more, according to my obser-
vations. The males and winged females appear during late July
and early August.

Kent, Salisbury (W. E. B.) ; Norfolk, Colebrook (W. M. W.).

Polyergus Latreille.

P. lucidus Mayr.

This rare and beautiful species, the " shining slave-maker "
of McCook, or " shining amazon," as it may be called, uses the
workers of Formica schaufussi as slaves, or auxiliaries. These
are bred from pupae kidnapped from their maternal nests by the
warlike lucidus workers. The latter are quite unable to feed
themselves, excavate their nests, or care for their own brood, but
have to depend for these important activities on the schaufussi
workers. Hence the ants of this species are quite unable to live
an independent life and may be regarded as permanently para-
sitic (5n fragments of schaufussi colonies which they bring to-
gether with great skill. The sexual forms make their appear-
ance during August.

Connecticut (Mayr).

600 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Camponotus Mayr.
Key to Species.

1. Clypeus with a distinct notch or impression in the middle of

its anterior border fallax and its varieties

Clypeus without such a notch or impression 2

2. Head of worker major smooth and shining behind; color,

at least in part, light red or yellow (castaneus) 3

Head of worker major opaque or feebly shining behind;
color black, or black and dark red (herculeanus) 4

3. Yellow or light red; gaster slightly darker (typical) castaneus
Head black or dark brown castaneus subspecies americanus

4. Gaster opaque, with long, appressed pubescence 5

Gaster shining, with short, sparse pubescence; thorax deep

red . . . .herculeanus subspecies ligniperda var. noveboracensis

5. Deep black throughout ...herculeanus subspecies pennsylvanicus
Legs, posterior portion of thorax, petiole, and base of gaster

brownish red herculeanus pennsylvanicus var. ferrugineus

C. fallax Nylander, var. nearcticus Emery.

Till recently this species has been cited in the literature as C.
marginatus Latreille. Our American subspecies and varieties
nest in the hollow twigs of trees and bushes and attend aphids.

Connecticut (Mayr) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

C. castaneus Latreille.

The typical form of this species is probably confined to the
lower, warmer, and southernmost portions of the State, as I have
seen no trace of it in the Litchfield Hills. It nests under stones
and logs in rather small colonies.

Connecticut (Mayr, Coe) ; Westville (W. E. B.).

C. castaneus americanus Mayr.
Brookfield (E. L. Dickerson).

C. herculeanus pennsylvanicus Degeer. Carpenter Ant.

The common " carpenter ant," entirely black in color. It
nests usually in shady woods in old logs and stumps, whence it
may migrate into old farm-houses and suburban residences, and
become a pest, both by riddling the wood-work with its large
anastomosing galleries and by visiting the pantries and kitchens
for sweets.

Connecticut (Mayr) ; Woodmont (P. L. B.) ; New Haven,
Branford (H. L. V.) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, 6oi

C. herculeanus pennsylvanicus var. ferrugineus Fabricius.

A beautiful color-variety of pennsylvanicus, with the legs, in-
ferior and posterior portions of the thorax, petiole, and base of
gaster rust-red in the female and worker phases. Its habits are
very similar to those of the typical form, but it seems to be less
abundant and more local in its distribution. I have been unable
to find it in the Litchfield Hills.

New Haven (E. J. S. M., H. L. V.) ; Orange, New Canaan
(W. E. B.).

C. herculeanus ligniperda var. noveboracensis Fitch.

Nesting in old stumps and logs like the preceding, from which
it differs in having a smoother surface and an entirely red thorax
in the worker phases.

New Hartford, Orange (W. E. B.) ; Colebrook (W. M. W.).

602 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

CHRYSIDOIDEA.

CHRYSIDID^.

The cuckoo wasps or gold wasps. These most beautiful of

all the wasps in the state are guests or parasites in the nests of

bees and wasps.

Key to Genera.

1. Tongue not longer than thorax 2

Tongue longer than thorax, bee-like Pamopes p. 605

2. Third abdominal segment without submarginal grooves or

pits 3

Third abdominal segment with submarginal igrooves or

pits; head as broad or broader than postscutellum

Chrysis p. 604

3. Tarsal claw with 2 to 6 teeth besides apical tooth 4

Tarsal claw different 5

4. Apical abdominal segment not produced as if pinched; apical

margin of third abdominal segment notched, rounded ....

Omalus p. 602
Apical abdominal segment produced as if pinched; apical
margin of third abdominal segment emarginate, the emar-
gination filled or partly filled with a membrane Notozus p. 603

5. One small perpendicular tooth in middle of tarsal claw

Hedychridium p. 603
Tarsal claws cleft Hedychrum p. 603

Omalus Jurine.
Key to Species.

Two teeth within, tarsal claw iridescens

Three to six teeth within tarsal claw, notch much wider than

deep corruscans

Notch as broad as deep sinuosus

*0. iridescens Norton.

Length 3-5 mm. ; margin of the third abdominal segment
semi-transparent yellowish.

O. corruscans Norton.

Length 6.5 mm. Parasitic upon the wasp Diodontus ameri-
canus, and another wasp, Stigmus americanus.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 603

O. sinuosus Say.

Length 3-4 mm.

Thompson, 11 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Notozus Foerster.
Key to Species.

Snout-like projection of abdomen not projecting distinctly
beyond line of margins of third segment viridicyaneus

Snout-like projection of abdomen distinctly projecting be-
yond line of margins of third segment marginatus

°N. viridicyaneus Norton.
Length 5-6 mm.
N. marginatus Patton.
Length 3-5 mm.
Thompson, 11 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Hedychridium Perrin.
But one species is known from the state.

H. dimidiatum Say.

A triangular area below the postscutellum ; pro- and meso-
thorax with close equal punctures.

Branford, 4 July, 1905 (H. W. W.) ; Rockville, 23 August,
1905 (H.L. v.).

Hedychrum Latreille.
Key to Species.

Head and thorax above with smoothed areas and sparse
punctures obsoletum

Head and thorax above with no smooth areas; blue and
purple to emerald-green violaceum

H. obsoletum Say.
Length 5.5 mm.

New Haven, 13 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.), 6 July, 1904
(P.L.B).

H. violaceum Brulle.

Length 7.5 mm.

Scotland, 10 August, 1905 (B. H. W.).

604 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Chrysis Linnaeus.
Key to Species.

1. Apical margin of abdomen entire; abdomen green, blue, and

purple, like thorax 2

Apical margin of abdomen not entire 5

2. Posterior corners of margin of third segment rounded, even,

not produced 3

Posterior corners of margin of third segment angulated,
produced; small series of submarginal pits at apex of
abdomen cobaltina

3. An arched keel across face above basin verticalis

No arched keel across face above basin 4

4. Submarginal series of pits at apex of abdomen at bottom of

a strong declivity pacifica

Submarginal series of pits at apex of abdomen in a broad
shallow groove hilans

5. Apical margin of abdomen with one notch; abdomen blue

or green like thorax perpulchra

Apical margin of abdomen with two or more notches 6

6. Apical margin of abdomen with two notches — three teeth.. 7
Apical margin of abdomen with three notches — four teeth 8

7. Postscutellum rounded behind, not produced doriae

Postscutellum conical behind, produced parvula

8. Lateral margin of third abdominal segment, seen from side,

bisinuate; basin of face striate frey-gcssneri

Lateral margin of third abdominal segment, seen from side,
not bisinuate 9

9. Lateral margin of third abdominal segment, seen from side,

straight or arched inwardly 10

Lateral margin of third abdominal segment, seen from side,

arcuate or sinuate just before outer apical teeth nortoni

10. Median teeth farther from each other than from outer teeth

nitidula
Median teeth not farther from each other than from outer
teeth caerulans

C. (Chrysogona) verticalis Patton.
Length 4-6 mm.

C. (Olochrysis) pacifica Say.

Length 6-12 mm.

C. (O.) hilaris Dahlbom.
Length 6 mm.

°C. (O.) cobaltina Aaron.
Length 9 mm.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 605

°C. (Gonochrysis) perpulchra Cresson.
Length 6-8 mm.

°C. (Trichrysis) doriae Gribodo.
Length 4.5 mm.

C. (T.) parvula Fabricius. Howard, Insect Book, PI. i,
Fig. 12.

Length 7- 11 mm.

°C. (Tetrachrysis) frey-gessneri Gribodo.
Length 7-8.5 mm.

C. (T.) nitidula Fabricius.

" Frontal carina strong ; third joint more than one-half again
as long as fourth ; notauli strongly curved outwardly anteriorly."
(S. A. Rohwer.)

Scotland, 25 July, 1904 (B. H. W.) ; Pemaquid Point, Me.,
2 September, 1909 (H. W. Foote).

C. (T.) caerulans Fabricius.

New Haven, 17 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.) ; Cold)rook, 21 July,
1905 (H.L. v.).

C. (T.) nortoni Aaron.
Length 6-9 mm.

Pamopes Fabricius.
But one species is likely to occur in the state.
°P. aglaspidula Melander and Brues.

Postscutellum emarginate; antennae in greater part black;
legs metallic ; tegulae green. Length 10 mm.

6o6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

VESPOIDEA.

By SiEVERT Allen Rohwer.*

The superfamily Vespoidea is composed of a number of
distinct types of predaceous and solitary wasps. There is so
much variation in the structure and in the habits of the species
that it is very likely that, when a complete and entirely satis-
factory classification of these insects has been made, the pres-
ent superfamily Vespoidea will be divided into a number of
superfamilies. In fact this has already been suggested by Mr.
Banks when he proposed the superfamily Scolioidea.

The group of Diploptera, including the families Eumenidae
and Vespidae of the present paper, is composed of closely
related, easily recognized forms. The habits of the more
specialized members of this group resemble those of the bees,
and in this group we have three well defined forms or sexes, that
is the males, females and workers.

It is difficult to say whether this superfamily, as a whole, is
beneficial or injurious; as some of the large groups such as the
Mutillidse and Sapygidae are parasitic within the nests of bees and
would have to be considered as injurious; while such groups as
the Bethylidae, Dryinidse, Scoliidse and Psammocharidse are all
beneficial insects, as they are either parasitic on Homoptera or
white grubs, or provision their nests with spiders. The Diplop-
terous insects are, in the main, beneficial as they destroy very
many Lepidopterous larvae, although specimens are often found
flying around fruit and are often very annoying.

The following table of the families will serve to distinguish
all the North American insects belonging to these families but
will not apply in one or two cases to certain exotic genera or
species.

Key to Families.
I. Posterior angle of pronotum sharp and above tegula; wings

folded longitudinally in repose 2

•The families Bethylidse and Dryinids are by Charles T. Brues, as indicated at the
begrinnitiK of each of these families. The Ceropalinae and Eumenidae are by Henry L.
Viereck.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 607

Posterior angle of pronotum rounded or rather sharp but
always in front of or below tegula; wings not folded longi-
tudinally in repose 3

2. Claws dentate; two forms, males and females

EUMENID^ p. 634

Claws simple; three forms, females, males, workers

VESPID^ p. 640

3. No constriction between first and second abdominal seg-

ments; discoidal cells obsolete, or if the first is present it

is petiolate 4

A constriction between first and second abdominal segments
which is usually deep; at least first discoidal cell well de-
fined, not petiolate 5

4. Head oblong; antennae with twelve or more joints; stigma

lanceolate; fore tarsi of female never chelate

BETHYLID/E p. 608
Head transverse, subquadrate or globose; antennae 10-

jointed; stigma large; fore tarsi of female chelate

DRYINID^ p. 613

5. Legs very long, posterior femora when directed backward

extending beyond middle of abdomen; mesepisternum with
a dividing cephalocaudal suture. .PSAMMOCHARID^ p. 625
Legs of usual length, posterior femora when directed back-
ward not reaching to middle of abdomen; mesepisternum
without a dividing cephalocaudal suture

6. Sternellum large, sharply defined, extending between inter-

mediate coxae so they are well separated; females winged;

tibiae usually flattened with bristles exteriorly

SCOLIID^ p. 616
Sternellum not defined; intermediate coxae contiguous; or, if
coxae are somewhat separated, readily distinguished from
the preceding family by not having sternellum separated
from eusternum by a transverse suture; tibiae not flattened
and without a single rugose area; if rugose, nearly
uniformly so 7

7. Clypeus with length and width subequal or nearly so; female

winged; apex of abdomen in male without appendages;

eyes deeply emarginate SAPYGID^ p. 620

Clypeus transverse, very much wider than long; apex of the
abdomen in male armed or unarmed; eyes usually entire 8

8. Female thorax divided into three parts; apex of abdomen in

male armed with a single spine METHOCID^ p. 620

Female thorax divided into two parts, prothorax being well

separated; apex of abdomen in male without spines ....

MYRMOSID.E p. 621
Female thorax undivided; apex of abdomen in male with two

spines MUTILLID.E p. 621

6o8 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

BETHYLID^.

By Chakles Thomas Brues.

Key to Genera,

1. Wings fully developed 2

Wings absent or reduced in size 14

2. Anterior wings with a closed small discoidal cell

Parasierola p. 612
Anterior wings without any closed discoidal cell 3

3. Radius well developed; one, two, or three closed basal cells 4
Radius not developed; median and submedian cells open..

Neoscleroderma p. 610

4. Wings with an accessory thickening before stigma (para-

stigma) 5

Wings without parastigma 7

5. Antennae 13-jointcd Goniozus p. 612

Antennae 12-jointed 6

*^ 6. Eyes pubescent; median and submedian cells of equal length

Plastanoxus p. 611

Eyes bare; median cell longer than submedian

Progoniozus p. 612

7. Metathorax not margined behind 8

Metathorax margined behind 10

8. Scutellum without foveae or an impressed groove at its base

Apenesia p. 610
Scutellum with a broad transverse groove at its base 9

9. Pronotum with a transverse groove before posterior margin;

tarsal claws tridentate Pristocera p. 609

Pronotum without such groove; tarsal claws simple or
bidentate Pseudisobrachium p. 609

10. Radius much longer than basal vein, forming a cell which is

open at apex II

Radius very short, never longer than basal vein 13

11. Base of scutellum with two foveae, sometimes united by a

narrow impressed line Epyris p. 611

Base of scutellum with a broad transverse groove across its
base 12

12. Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows Holepyris p. 611

Mesonotum with two parapsidal furrows Rhabdepyris p. 612

13. Antennae 12-jointed Paralaelius p. 610

Antennae 13-jointed .*. . Laelius p. 610

14. Metathorax flattened, with one or several longitudinal

carinae IS

Metathorax without any median carina 17

15. Base of scutellum with two foveae, parapsidal furrows present

Epyris p. 61 r

No. 22,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, 609

Base of scutellum with a transve:<se groove; no parapsidal
furrows 16

16. Metathorax with one longitudinal carina. ,Neosclerodenna p, 610
Metathorax with three longitudinal carinae , , , ,Holepyris p. 611

17. Metathorax extending anteriorly between lobes of meso-

thorax as far as their middle 18

Methathorax inserted behind mesothorax, between lobes of
which it does not extend forward .. Pseudisobrachium p. 609

18. Metathorax feebly contracted near middle, its base as wide

as its apex Apenesia p. 610

Metathorax contracted at or near base Pristocera p. 609

Pristocera Klug,

Only a single species occurs within the state.

P. armifera Say.

Male black, shining, coarsely punctate ; wings f usco-hyaline ;
abdomen short, ovate, shining. Female ant-like, reddish brown,
the abdomen paler. Length : male, 7-8 mm. ; female, 4 mm,

Kent, 31 August, 1904 (W, E. B.) ; Rockville, 25 August,
1904 (H. L, V,).

Pseudisobrachium Kieffer.
The slender legs, absence of malar space and 4-jointed
labial palpi distinguish the males from Epyris, and tke
strangulated thorax makes the females readily recognizable.

Key to Species.

Males.

1. Wings tinged with fuscous 2

Wings hyaline rufiventre

2. Mandibles with small teeth within myrmecophilum

Mandibles large and broad, without teeth within . . . mandibulare

Fema/es.

1. Abdomen not longer than thorax myrmecophilum

Abdomen much longer than head and thorax united 2

2. Antennae nearly twice the length of head mandibulare

Antennae only one and one-half times the length of head ....

rufiventre

°P. rufiventre Ashmead.

Male: head and thorax black, shining, abdomen rufous;
legs, including coxae, pale; antennse reddish. Female: head
blackish ; thorax brown ; legs, antennse, and abdomen brownish
yellow. Length 3.5-4 mm.
39

6lO CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°P. myrmecophilum Ash mead.

Male: black, punctate; mandibles rufous, antennae and legs
pale brownish yellow; abdomen piceous, paler at the sutures.
Female: head piceous; thorax lighter; legs brownish yellow;
abdomen piceous. Lives in ant nests. Length 3-3.5 mm.

°P. mandibulare Ashmead.'

Male: like preceding, but the mandibles have only one
large and one small tooth. Female: like ruHventre, but the
antennae are fully twice the length of the head instead of one
and one-half times. Lives in ant nests. Length 3.5 mm.

Neoscleroderma Kieffer.
°N. tarsalis Ashmead.

Black, polished, impunctate; antennae dark brown, legs
piceous to black with the articulations somewhat reddish and the
tarsi honey-yellow. Parasitic on the beetle Silvanus surina-
mensis, which is a common pest of various food products.
Length: female, 1.8 mm.; male, 1.5 mm.

Apenesia Westwood.
°A. coronata Ashmead.

Black, shining, alutaceous ; metathorax with a median carina ;
wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish ; legs black, tips of tibiae
and tarsi, pale; abdomen as long as the thorax. Male: length
3 mm.

Parasitic on the common cucujid beetle Catogenus rufus.

Laelius Ashmead.

L. tricarinatus Ashmead.

Black; legs, except coxae, and antennae brownish yellow.
Antennae twice as long as the head; scutellum with a transverse
furrow ; metathorax with three carmae on the disc ; wings hyaline,
veins pale yellowish, marginal and stigmal veins obsolete. Length
2.5-2.9 mm. ^

New Haven, 26 July, 1905- (H. L. V.).

Paralaelius Kieffer.

Bethyliis Auctorum, not Latreille.

Key to Species.

Legs honey-yellow pedatus

Legs black, tibiae and tarsi brownish centratus

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 6ll

P. pedatus Say,

Female: polished black; antennae one and one-half times the
length of the head, flagellar joints quadrate; mesonotum without
furrows ; wings hyaline, venation yellowish. Antennae of male
three times the length of the head. Length 2.5 mm.

New Haven, 10 February, 1904.

Epyris Westwood.

Head oblong, about as long as wide, maxilla bilobed, mesono-
tum with furrows. Abdomen ovate. Legs stout, femora much
swollen.

Key to Species.

Scutellum with two fovese at base bifoveolatus

Scutellum with a transverse line at base rufipes

E. rufipes Say.

Body without trace of metallic lustre, black ; metathorax with
from six to eight longitudinal carinae, mesopleurae foveated;
mandibles 5-dentate ; wings sub-hyaline. Length 4 mm.

Kent, 31 August, 1904 (W. E. B.).

°E. bifoveolatus Ashmead.

Black, shining; coxae and legs brownish yellow; metathorax
with seven raised lines, the lateral ones abbreviated; tegulae
yellow; wings sub-hyaline, the venation yellow. Length 3.5-
6 mm.

Plastanoxus Kieffer.

"P. chittendeni Ashmead.

Black, smooth and shining ; the legs piceous black, with white
tarsi; scutellum with an impressed line at base, metathorax
punctulate above ; wings hyaline, the venation pale. Parasitic
on the beetle Cis fuscipes. Length 1.5 mm.

Holepyris Kieffer.

°H. subapterus Melander and Brues.

Brownish black; antennae and legs brown; wings short, not
reaching to base of abdomen; metathorax with three median
carinae and a lateral one, transversely wrinkled. Length 3 mm.

6l2 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Rhabdepyris Kieffer.

i

R. occidentalis Ashmead.

Legs rufous, femora more or less fuscous ; wings sub-hyaline ;
body aeneous black ; the metathorax with five longitudinal carinse
with transverse lines between. Length 4-5 mm.

Willimantic, 4 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Progoniozus Kieffer.
Key to Species.

Wingless in female sex prolongatus

Winged in both sexes minimus

°P. minimus Ashmead.

Shining black; legs brown, the tarsi and anterior tibiae
honey-yellow; mandibles black, antennae honey-yellow; wings
hyaline, venation pale, stigmas brown. Length 1.8-2 mm.

°P. prolongatus Provancher.

Shining black, head very large ; legs black, trochanters, tibiae,
and tarsi honey-yellow; wings aborted, not extending to the tip
of the metathorax. Parasitic on Crambus caliginoselltis. Length
4.2 mm.

Parasierola Cameron.

P. cellularis Say.

Black, shining ; the antennae varying from honey-yellow to
fuscous; legs piceous, lighter apically; wings of male clear
hyaline, of female slightly infuscated. Length 2-3 mm.

Milford, 17 August 1905 (H. L. V.),

Goniozus Foerster.
An undescribed species of this genus is parasitic upon the
codling-moth in Kansas, and is shown in Howard's Insect Book,
Fig. 19, page 36.

Key to Species.

1. Stigma and parastigma brown 2

Stigma and parastigma black foveolatus

2. Strgma twice as long as wide platynotae

Stigma two and one-half times as long as wide. . . .columbianus

°G. platynotae Ashmead.
Shining black; the mandibles, antennae, and legs pale honey-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 613

yellow, the femora darker; metathorax smooth, with delicate
median and lateral carinse. Parasitic on Platynota sentana.
Length 3 mm.

°G. foveolatus Ashmead.
Shining black, delicately punctate; antennae honey-yellow;
legs piceous, paler at tips ; wings sub-hyaline, stigma and paras-
tigrna black. Length 2.5-3 ^^^
°G. columbianus Ashmead.

Shining black, the head very feebly microscopically punctate ;
antennas yellow except at base ; wings hyaline, stigmas brown and
veins pale yellow; legs brown, paler toward tips. Length 1.5-2
mm.

DRYINID^.

By Charles Thomas Brues.

Key to Genera.

1. Males 2

Females 4

2. Front wings with an oval or ovate stigma 3

Front wings with a narrow or lanceolate stigma, occiput

deeply concave Gonatopus p. 614

3. Pronotum much shorter than mesonotum, the latter without

furrows Anteon p. 616

Pronotum longer than mesonotum, the latter with furrows

Chelogynus p. 615

4. Wingless, ant-like, without scutellum Gonatopus p. 614

With wings and scutellum 5

5. Vertex convex, not impressed 6

Vertex deeply impressed or concave, winged, with a scutel-
lum Dryinus p. 614

6. Pronotum not or scarcely visible from above, tnore or less

hidden by front margin of mesonotum, which is strongly
developed, furrows on the latter distinct, maxillary palpi
5-jointed Aphelopus p. 615

Pronotum almost as long as mesonotum, fourth joint of front
tarsi much longer than third, first not or scarcely longer
than three following united; maxillary palpi 5-jointed ....

Chelogynus p. 615

Pronotum much shorter than mesonotum, fourth joint of
front tarsi scarcely longer than third, first not longer than

three following united; maxillary palpi 4-jointed

Anteon p. 616

6l4 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Gonatopus Ljungh.
Females wingless, ant-like, the thorax strongly strangulated;
legs long, the femora very stout; front concave on the vertex.
Males winged, thorax of the usual form.

Key to Species. ,

I. Head entirely black 2

Head in part yellowish (females) 3

2. Females decipiens

Males typhlocybae

3. Head less than twice as broad as long contortulus

Head twice as broad as long flavifrons

*G. contortulus Patton.

Black; occiput, face, and two basal joints of antennae yellow,
rest of antennae fuscous; legs brownish, testaceous. Length
3-4 mm.

Type locality ; Waterbury.

°G. flavifrons Ashmead.

Female: shining black; occiput, face, and antennae, except
the three terminal joints, yellow ; legs yellow ; anterior coxae
with black spots beneath and femora more or less black
basally. Length 4.4 mm.

°G. decipiens Provancher.

Female: black; the antennae and legs in part testaceous;
thorax shining, polished. Length 2.4 mm.

°G. t5rphlocybae Ashmead.
Male: black, opaque, shagreened, qovered wjith a sparse
whitish pubescence ; antennae and legs brown, except the anterior
tibiae and all tarsi, which are yellowish. Parasitic on Ormenis
septentrioitalis.

Dryinus Latreille.
Key to Species.

1. Body brownish yellow bifasciatus

Body partly black 2

2. Legs black, except femora below, knees and tarsi nigrellus

Legs yellow or rufous, except mid and hind tibiae ormenidis

°T>. bifasciatus Say.

Honey-yellow ; body varied with blackish ; wings bifasciate.
Length 5.5 mm.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 615

°D. nigrellus Brues.

Black, except base and tip of antennae; femora below, knees
and tarsi rufous or yellow; marginal cell incomplete; palpi
black ; wings bifasciate. Length 4.25 mm.
°D. ormenidis Ashmead.

Black; legs, except mid and hind tibiae, which are black,
rufous; marginal cell complete, palpi pale; wings bifasciate.
Length 4-4.5 mm. Parasitic on Ormenis pruinosa and O. sep-
tentrionalis.

Chelogynus Haliday.
Key to Species.

1. Thorax reddish atriceps

Body entirely black 2

2. Legs pale rufous 3

Femora black, except tips of anterior pair grandis

3. Clypeus pale or rufous henshawi

- Clypeus black canadensis

°C. atriceps Brues.

Thorax reddish; head and abdomen black; mandibles 4-den-
tate ; metathorax coarsely reticulate ; legs rufous, the tarsi lighter ;
wings with two fuscous bands. Length 3.5-5 mm.

°C. grandis Brues.

Black; the legs in part yellow (fore and mid tibiae and all
tarsi); mandibles 4-dentate; metathorax finely rugulose; wings
with two fuscous bands. Length 7 mm.

°C. henshawi Ashmead.

Black ; antennae, legs, and clypeus pale rufous ; mandibles 4-
dentate; metathorax coarsely rugose; wings with two fuscous
bands. Length 4.5-5 mm.

°C. canadensis Ashmead.

Black; the mandibles and palpi white; legs pale rufous, the
pincers of the anterior tarsi very small. Length 2.5 mm.

Aphelopus Dalman.

A. americanus Ashmead.

Black; legs honey-yellow. Length 1.5 mm.

Waterbury, 29 July, 1884.

6l6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Anteon Jurine.

Only a single species of this somewhat extensive genus occurs
in this region.

°A. tibialis Say.

Black; antennae brown, more yellow at base; tips of femora,
tibiae, and tarsi honey-yellow ; wings hyaline. Length 3 mm.

SCOLIID.^.
The species belonging to this family are parasitic on white
grubs and often aid in the control of these insect pests.

These insects have a deep constriction between the first and
second sternites. The key following will not cover forms found
outside of America.

Key to Subfamilies.

1. Eyes with inner margins emarginate (marked with yellow) 2
Eyes entire; (black) 3

2. Intermediate tibiae with one calcarium; claws simple; hypopy-

gidium of male with three spines Scoliin^ p. 616

Intermediate tibias with two calcaria; claws cleft; hypopy-
gidium of male with a curved aculeus Euin/E p. 617

3. Intermediate tibiae with two calcaria; hypopygidimn of male

unarmed Anthoboscin^. p. 618

Intermediate tibiae with one calcarium; hypopygidium of male
with a curved aculeus Tiphiin^ p. 618

SCOLIIN^.

Key to Genera.

Anterior wings with two recurrent veins. .. .Campsomeris p. 617
Anterior wings with one recurrent vein Scolia p. 616

Scolia Fabricius.
Only two species belonging to this genus occur within the
region, but some more will probably be found there, and the
student should consult the table to the species of the genus Scolia
by Mr. Banks, published in the Canadian Entomologist, vol. 44,
1912, p. 199.

Key to Species.

Abdomen black and white bicincta

Abdomen black and red dubia

No. 2i,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 617

S. bicincta Fabricius. Howard, Insect Book, PI. i, Fig. 3.
West Rock, New Haven, 30 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°S. dubia Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. i, Fig. 7.

Campsomeris LePeletier.

In American literature this genus has gone under the name
Elis,' but according to the generic type the name Elis must apply
to the group heretofore known as Myzine.

Key to Species.

Small, much less than 19 mm. in length; male and female
black marked with yellow plumipes

Large, over 19 mm. in length; male almost entirely black;
female black, with four large reddish yellow abdominal
spots quadrimaculata

C. plumipes Drury. Howard, Insect Book, PI. i, Fig. 11.
Wallingford, 25 May, 1899, Milford, 22 May, 1902, New
Haven, 23 June, 1903 (W. E. B.).

°C. quadrimaculata Fabricius.

This species h^s not been yet recorded from Connecticut but
will probably be found there in the Austral portion of the State.

Eliin^.

This subfamily is represented by only one genus which has
heretofore, in America, gone under the name Myzine.

Elis Fabricius.
In this genus there is great antigeny. The females are much
more robust than the males, have short antennae, while the radial
cell is removed from the costal margin of the wing. The males
are long, slender, with slender antennae, and the radial cell touches
the costal margin of the wing.

Key to Species.

Legs, in the female, mostly reddish yellow; wings, in the
male, strongly yellowish quinquecincta

Legs, in the female, black; wings, in the male, nearly clear
hyaline interrupta

E. quinquecincta Fabricius. PI. viii. Fig. 4.
This species has usually gone under the name sex cine ta, but
sexcincta occurs in the West Indies and probably in the

6l8 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

southernmost portion of the United States and is quite a
different insect.

It occurs along the coast and up the Connecticut Valley to
Hartford, and is not uncommon in July and August, when it
will be found on the flowers of many compositse, especially the
goldenrod, and on the flowers of umbellifers.

New Haven, 21 July, 1903, 12 September, 1904 (B. H. W.) ;
Sachem's Head, i August, 1904, Westbrook, 30 August, 1904
(H. L. v.).

E. interrupta Say.

This species occurs with the preceding.

New Haven, 20 July, 1904 (W. E. B.) ; Branford, 12 August
1904 (H. L. V.) ; North Haven, 3 August, 1905 (B. H. W.,
H. L. v.).

Anthoboscin^.
By Charles Thomas Brues.

Sierolomorpha Ashmead.

Wings with a large stigma, closed marginal cell, one distinct
and one indistinct closed cubital cell, two discoi^ial cells and
trace of a recurrent nervure. The tarsal claws are simple.
Antennae 12-jointed in female and 13-jointed in male.

S. ambigua Ashmead.

Shining black, legs piceous in male and ferruginous, in female ;
abdomen oval, the first segment constricted off from the rest;
metathorax margined at the sides. Length 4.5-6 mm.

Salisbury, 29 August, 1904 (W. E. B.).

TlPHIIN^.

Species belonging to this subfamily are parasitic on the
May or June beetles {Lachnosterna species).

Key to Genera.

First transverse cubitus present but incomplete Paratiphia p. 618
First transverse cubitus wanting Tiphia p. 619

Paratiphia De Saussure and Sichel.

Habitus of Tiphia, but differs in venation. Only one Eastern
species described.

9

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 619

°P. algonquina Viereck.
First tergite with transverse carina; venation black; wings
slightly dusky ; clypeus and mandibles of male yellowish.

Tiphia Fabricius.
Key to Species.

1. Species with a transverse furrow on first dorsal abdominal

segment near its middle 2

Species with no transverse furrow on first dorsal abdominal
segment near its middle 3

2. Antennae black waldeni

Antennae brownish brunneicomis

3. Face and mesonotum doubly punctate inomata

Face and mesonotum not doubly punctate 4

4. Third abscissa of radius forming a straight line with second

transverse cubitus punctata

Third abscissa of radius not forming a straight line with
second transverse cubitus 5

5. Antennae brownish beneath egregia

Antennae black beneath 6

6. Wings colorless relativa

Wings with a brownish tint relativa var.

*T. waldeni Viereck.

Male : length 8 mm.

Type locality: New Haven, i6 August, 1904 (B. H. W.), 14
August, 1906 (W. E. B.). Also, North Haven, 3 August, 1905
(B. H. W.).
*T. brunneicomis Viereck.

Male: length 7 mm.

Type locality: New Haven, 6 July, 1904 (H. L. V.).

T. inornata Say, Howard, Insect Book, PI. viii, Fig. 12.

Male: length 7-1 1 mm. Female: length 12-14 mm.

Occurs all over the State in August and September, and very
likely earlier and later than these dates indicate. New Haven,
12 September, 1903, Salisbury, 27 August, 1904, New Milford,
31 August, 1904, Mount Carmel, 10 June, 1908 (W. E. B.) ; New
Haven, 16 August, 1904 (P. L. B.).

T. punctata Robertson. <

Male: length 11 mm.

Only one speciment is known to have been taken in the State,

620 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

and this was taken in New Haven, 4 May, 1904, visiting
flowers of Forsythia suspensa (H. L. V.).
*T. egregia Viereck.
Male : length 7 mm.

Type locality: North Haven, 3 August, 1905. New Havei.
20 August, 1905 (H. L. v.), 14 August, 1906 (W. E. B.).

*T. relativa Viereck.
Male : length 7 mm.

Type locality: North Haven, 3 August, 1905 (B. H. W.).
Also, East Hartford, 2 August, 1905, Scotland, 7 August, 1905
(B. H. W.) ; Rockville, 27 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

SAPYGID^.
The species belonging to this family are parasitic on bees
or Sphecoid wasps. One of the North American species has
been bred in the cells of Sceliphron cementarium, another is re-
corded as a parasite on Osmia halicticola and another is a
parasite on Chelostoma. None of the species belonging to this
family have as yet been taken within the State, but the two
following are likely to occur there.

Sapyga Latreille.
Key to Species.

Yellow line on inner orbits extending beyond summit of eyes;
clypeus with lateral and basal margins yellow; second ven-
tral abdominal segment black centrata

Yellow line on inner orbits not reaching to summit of eyes;
clypeus with a transverse yellow spot at base americana

°S. centrata Say.

°S. americana Cresson.

METHOCID^.
Methoca Latreille.
M. stygia Say.

The female of this species, which was described by Say under
the name hicolor, has a black head, while the remainder of the
insect is almost entirely castaneous. The male is black with the
wings dusky.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 62 1

Hartford, 30 June, 1896 (S. N. D.). The species, which
looks like an ant, undoubtedly occurs throughout the entire
State.

MYRIMOSID^.

Myrmosa Latreille.

M. unicolor Say.

The female of this species was described by Blake under the
name thoracica. It is ferruginous, with the first abdominal
segment blackish above; head and thorax are coarsely punctate,
and the base of the first ventral abdominal segment is produced
into a tooth while the first dorsal segment is transversely carinate.
The male is black, and has the second submarginal cell triangular,
smaller than the third ; the hind coxse have a blunt tooth above ;
the second ventral segment ijnarmed.

It has been taken at New Haven, 26 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.),
19 June, 1908 (B. H. W.) ; Hartford, 6 August, 1893 (S. N.
D.) ; and probably occurs throughout the entire State.

MUTILLID^.

The North American species of this group, as well as of the
Methocidse and Myrmosidse, were tabulated by Fox in a paper
entitled " The North American Mutillidae " (Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc, vol. 25, 1899, pp. 219-292) ; and additional notes and
species were given by Melander under the title " Notes on
North American Mutillidse with Descriptions of New Species "
{Ibid., vol. 29 1903, pp. 291-330). All of the species belonging
to this family were considered by Fox and Melander to belong
to the single genus Mutilla. Ashmead has divided this com-
plex genus into a number of genera, some of which are good
while others are open to question. The following tabulation
of genera is based on Fox's species groups with the Ash-
meadian generic name for the same added. In a number of
cases these generic names will have to be changed when a
study of the genotypes of all the genera of Mutillidae has been
done, but at present this is impossible.

There is such a great difference between the males and females
in this family that it is almost impossible to associate the sexes
without field observations, and until these observations have been
made it is best to treat the sexes as diflferent species.

622 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Key to Genera.

1. Mandibles tridentate 2

Mandibles simple or bidentate 4

2. First abdominal segment subpetiolate, much smaller than

second Bruesia p. 622

First abdominal segment broadly sessile with second 3

3. Female without a pygidium; male with two cubital cells ....

Pseudomethoca p. 622
Female with a well defined pygidium; male with three
cubital cells Nomiaephagus p. 623

4. Eyes round, polished, not facetted; radial cell truncate at

apex; first abdominal segment posteriorly narrower than

second Dasjrmutilla p. 623

Eyes oval, facetted 5

5. Apex of first abdominal segment nodose, not as wide as base

of second; eyes of male emarginate within Ephuta p. 625

Apex of first abdominal segment as wide as base of second 6
within '. Timulla p. 625

6. Female with a distinct pygidium; eyes of male emarginate
Female without a pygidium; eyes of male entire within....

Sphaerophthalma p. 625

Bruesia Ashmead.

This specific group was also named Pycnomutilla by Ashmead.
The following- key is based on the males.

Key to Species.

Carina of first ventral abdominal segment nearly straight

harmonia
Carina of first ventral abdominal segment with a strong tooth
anteriorly harmoniiformis

''B. harmonia Fox.

The female is ferruginous, with black legs. The second
dorsal abdominal segment has pale spots and the pubescence is
sparse.

*B. harmoniiformis Rohwer.
The female is unknown.
Type locality: Lyme, 31 July, 191 1 (A. B. C).

Pseudomethoca Ashmead.
P. canadensis Blake.

Posterior lateral margin of the head dentate or carinate.
Female ferruginous, apex of the abdomen blackish. Male black.

/

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 623

Windsor, 27 June, 1905, Westville, 17 September, 1905
(W. E. B.) ; Colebrook, 21 July, 1905, New Haven, i August,
1905 (H. L. v.) ; Lyme, 29 May, 1910 (A. B. C). Probably
occurs throughout the State.

Nomiaephagus Ash mead. ^

N. simillimus Smith.

Female : pygidium longitudinally striate ; head wider than the
thorax; thorax longer than broad; ferruginous; the second
segment with two yellowish spots. Male : head and thorax black
with black pubescence; second abdominal segment yellowish
with reddish pubescence; femora sparsely pubescent. The male
was described under the name sanbornii by Blake.

New Haven, 4 June, 1904, 20 May, 1905, 22 August, 1910,
Wallingford, 20 May, 1900 (W. E. B.) ; New Haven, 19
September, 1909, Lyme, i May, 1910, Manchester, 20 May,
1910 (A. B. C) ; New Haven, 16 August, 1904 (P. L. B.), 17
June, 1905 (B. H. W.).

Das3rmutilla Ash mead.
Key to Species.

1. Females 2

Males 8

2. Insects clothed with long dense pubescence occidentalis

Insects sparsely pubescent, or almost nude 3

3. Posterior lateral margins of head not carinate or tuberculate 4
Posterior lateral margins of head carinate or tuberculate.. 7

4. Carina of first ventral abdominal segment produced anteriorly

into a sharp tooth ferrugata

Carina of first ventral abdominal segment obsolete, straight
or slightly tridentate; legs black S

5. No well defined spot of black pubescence at base of

second dorsal abdominal segment; carina of first ventral

segment tridentate champlaini

A well defined spot of black pubescence at base of second
dorsal abdominal segment 6

6. Carina of first ventral segment obsolete; second dorsal ab-

dominal segment very sparsely punctate at sides vierecki

Carina of first ventral segment bidentate, anterior tooth much
larger and rounded; sides of second dorsal abdominal
segment rather coarsely punctate vesta

7. Scrobes bounded by a carina above scrobinata

Scrobes not bounded by a carina above cypris

624 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

8. Carina of first ventral abdominal segment produced poste-

riorly into a long sharp tooth occidentalis

Carina of first ventral abdominal segment not produced
posteriorly into a long sharp tooth 9

9. First abdominal segment, seen from side, not nodose, short

lepeletieri
First abdominal segment longer, seen from side, distinctly
nodose 10

10. Entirely black; pubescence grayish; wings subfuscous gibbosa

Abdomen partly reddish II

11. Second dorsal segment with rather long yellow hair except

basally macra

Second dorsal segment with black hair 12

y. Punctuation of first dorsal segment coarse, irregular; pubes-
cence of second segment entirely black canella

Punctuation of first dorsal segment regular; pubescence of
apex of second segment yellowish castor

°D. canella Blake.

D. castor Blake.

North Haven, 3 August, 1905 (H. L. V.) ; New Haven, 7
August, 1906 (B. H. W.).
*D. champlaini Rohwer.

Type locality; Lyme, 20 May, 1910, 26, 30 September, 1909
(A. B. C).

D. cypris Blake. How^ard, Insect Book, PI. viii, Fig. 7.

New Haven, 19 August, 1904 (B. H. W.).

D. ferrugata Fabricius.

New Haven, 23 September, 1899, Montowese, 8 July, 1901
(W. E. B.) ; North Haven, 3 August, 1905 (B. H. W.) ; Black
Point, 12 July, 1895 (S. N. D.).

D. gibbosa Say.

Hartford, 6 August, 1893; Black Point, 28 July, 1896 (S.
N. D.).

°D. lepeletieri Fox.

D. macra Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI. viii. Fig. 10.
New Haven, 3 August, 1905 (H. L. V.) ; New Haven, 17
July, 1908 (B. H. W.) ; Black Point, 28 July, 1896 (S. N. D.).
D. occidentalis Linnaeus. Large Velvet Ant.
New Haven, 24 July, 1898, i September, 1906 (WE. B.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 625

*D. scrobinata Rohwer,
Type locality; Lyme, 31 July, 1910 (A. B. C).

D. vesta Cresson.

Windsor, 26 July, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Granby, 30 October,
1905, New Haven, 21 August, 1906 (B. H, W.).
°D. vierecki Rohwer,

Ephuta Say.

E. scrupea Say.

Male entirely black. Female unknown.
Stafford, 24 August, 1905, on goldenrod (W. E. B.) ; Hart-
ford, 17 October, 1910 (A. B. C).

Timulla Ashmead.

Key to Species.

Legs and abdomen of female black; head and thorax of male

black hexagona

, Legs and abdomen of female reddish; head and thorax of

male in part reddish omativentrus

T. hexagona Say.

Hartford, 30 July, 6 August, 1893, Black Point, 28 July,
1896 (S. N. D.).

T. ornativentris Cresson.

New Haven, 26 Ju-ly, 1904, Hartford, 29 August, 1904
(H. L. v.), 10 September, 1908 (B. H. W.)

Sphaerophthalma Blake,

This genus has not yet been recorded from the State. It is
group pennsylvanica of Fox.

PSAMMOCHARID^,
This family has for years been known as Pompilidse. The
wasps which belong to this group are very active, and most of
them nest in the ground, provisioning their nests with spiders.
Some few of these insects are supposed to be parasitic. Recently
Nathan Banks * has proposed a classification for these insects
and given tables for many of the species. The following keys
are adapted from his classification,

* Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 19. 1911, pp. 219-237.
40

626 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Key to Subfamilies.

1. Claws of hind tarsi bent at right angle; antennae inserted well

above clypeus; spiracle situated in a depression and open-
ing forward labrum exserted for its entire length; pro-

podeum bilobed at base CEROPALiNiE p. 626

Claws of hind tarsi not bent at right angle; propodeal spiracle
not in a depression and not opening forward 2

2. Labrum exserted for its entire length; propodeal spiracle

situated nearly twice its length from anterior margin of

propodeum Notocyphin^ p. 627

Labrum never entirely exserted; propodeal spiracle not much
more than its length from anterior margin of propodeum 3

3. First abscissa of subdiscoidal vein joining second abscissa of

discoidal vein at right angles; second sternite with a trans-
verse furrow (obsolete in some males) Pepsins p. 627

First abscissa of subdiscoidal vein projecting posteriorly at
base so as to form a pocket where it joins second abscissa
of discoidal vein Psammocharin^ p. 629

Ceropalin^.
By Henry Lorenz Viereck.

This distinct subfamily contains only the genus Ceropales.

Ceropales Latreille.
At least one species in this genus is said to be a parasite in
the nest of Agenia.

Key to Species.

1. Females 2

Males 4

2. Body mostly black; posterior femora reddish bipunctata

Head and thorax black; abdomen reddish robinsoni

Body black, with white or yellow markings 3

3. Antennae as long or longer than head and thorax together . .

fratema
Antennae shorter than head and thorax together longipes

4. Abdomen entirely black bipxinctata

Abdomen not entirely black 5

5. Abdomen not reddish 6

Abdomen reddish robinsoni

6. Legs almost entirely black fratema

Legs reddish longipes

C. bipunctata Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. v, Fig. 10.
Length 14-15 mm.

No. 22.] HYMEN OPTERA. OF CONNECTICUT. 627

Occurs throughout the State. New Haven, i8 August, 1904,
22 August, 1906 (P. L. B.) ; Branford, 3 September, 1904
(H. L. v.).

C. fraterna Smith.

Length 5-10 mm. This species has been observed by the
Peckhams attempting to interfere with Anoplius scelestus which
was dragging a spider to its own nest.

Occurs throughout the State. Thompson, 11 July, 1906
(H. L. v.).

C. robinsoni Cresson.
Length 6-8 mm.
Occurs throughout the State.
C. longipes Smith.
Length 7-8 mm.

NOTOCYPHIN^.

This subfamily is not as yet represented in the fauna of
Connecticut.

Pepsins.
Key to Tribes.
Hind tibiae without spines or only with very weak ones, never

serrate pseudageniini p. 627

Hind tibiae more or less serrately spined, if nearly smooth as

in some males then nervellus is not before cubitus

PEPSINI p. 628

PSEUDAGENIINI.

Males often have the transverse furrow on the second sternite

obsolete ; the last joint of the hind tarsi is without strong spines

beneath ; the nervellus situated before the cubitus.

Key to Genera.

Dorsal aspect of propodeum with erect hair . .Pseudagenia p. 627
Dorsal aspect of propodeum without erect hair . .Ageniella p. 628

Pseudagenia Kohl.

Key to Species.

1. Legs red mellipes

Legs black 2

2. Wings with a large dusky spot below and including stigma;

body black caliptera

Wings hyaline, or slightly dusky at tips; body metallic blue. .

architecta

628 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

°P. mellipes Say. ,
°P. caliptera (Cresson).
Found in the neighboring states.

P. architecta (Say).

According to Walsh this species makes a nest of clay, forming
an irregularly cylindrical cell which is provisioned with spiders.

Recorded from Connecticut and probably collected at
Farmington.

Ageniella Banks.
Key to Species.

Pronotum with white marks , calcarata

Pronotum without white marks iridipennis

A. calcarata (Cresson).
Legs pale ; calcaria white ; length 6-7 mm.
The type material, in part at least, in all probability came
from Farmington through Mr. Edward Norton.

A. iridipennis (Cresson).

Wings hyaline, iridescent, dusky at tip ; calcaria whitish ; body
all black ; legs black, except anterior tibiae and tarsi beneath.
New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

PEPSINI.

Wings well developed.

Key to Genera.

Last joint of the hind tarsi without spines beneath; nervellus
before the cubitus Priocnemis p. 628

Last joint of the hind tarsi distinctly spined beneath; nervellus
beyond the cubitus Cryptocheilus p. 629

Priocnemis Schiodte.
Key to Species.

1. Antennae partly yellowish nupera

Antennae black 2

2. Abdomen in part red 3

Abdomen black 4

3. Hind legs red; wings with a well defined cloud alienata

Hind legs black; wings without a cloud notha

4. Tibiae strongly serrate to tip; coxae very hairy; stigmal cloud

indistinct or wanting conica

Tibiae not strongly serrate near tip; coxae scarcely hairy; wings * '
with a distinct stigmal cloud germana

No. 22,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 629

°P. nupera Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI. vi. Fig. 3.
Body ferruginous; wings dark; length 14-18 mm.
Likely to occur in the Alleghenian Zone of the State.

P. alienata (Smith). Howard, Insect Book, PI. v, Fig. 3.
Apparently common. Poquonock, 27 June, 1906 (H. L. V.).

P. notha Cresson.

Coxae without much hair ; abdomen shining ; third cubital cell
longer than broad.

Has been recorded from the State and probably came from
Farmington.

P. conica (Say).

Clypeus truncate. Moves backward when carrying its prey,
a lycosid spider.

Occurs throughout the State. New Haven, 7 May, 1906
(H. L. v.).

P. germana Cresson.
Qypeus truncate.

Recorded from the State and probably was collected at Farm-
ington by Norton.

Cryptocheilus Panzer.
Key to Species.
Dorsal aspect of propodeum hairy, and transversely striate;

wings pale before tip unifasciatus

Dorsal aspect of propodeum scarcely hairy and hardly striate;
wings all black fxilvicomis

C. unifasciatus (Say). Howard, Insect Book, PI. xi. Fig.
II.

Judging from the distribution of this species it should be found
throughout the Carolinian Zone of the State.

C. fulvicomis (Cresson).

Distribution similar to the above species.

PSAMMOCHARINiE

The following generic key is almost a copy of Banks' latest
views on the subject. Some few of the genera included in the
key are not at present known to occur in the State.

Key to Genera.
I. Pronotum longer than mesonotum, nearly flat above, scarcely
arched longitudinally; last joint of hind tarsi without

630 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

spines beneath; fore tarsi of female without comb; no

erect hair on metanotum 2

Pronotum shorter than mesonotum, plainly arched longitudi-
nally 3

2. With two submarginal cells Planiceps

With three submarginal cells Pedinaspis

3. Basal abdominal segment with appressed pubescence, differ-

ent from that on following segments; pronotum with pos-
terior margin membranous and often white; third cell as

broad as long Episyron p. 631

Basal segment of abdomen not with pubescence different from
following segments 4

4. No erect hair on metanotum above, only pubescence S

Erect hair on metanotum above 9

5. Metanotum produced angularly at posterior corners; but two

submarginal cells Aporinellus p. 631

Metanotum not produced angularly behind; usually three
submarginal cells 6

6. Metanotum transversely striate; marginal cell as long as

distance to tip; third cell long, and wide above Ridestus

Metanotum not transversely striate 7

7. Marginal cell short, subtriangular, much more than its length

from tip of wing; third submarginal cell much narrowed,
triangular, or petiolate above; basal vein usually a little

before the transverse median Pompiloides p. 631

Marginal cell long, hardly its length from tip of wing; third
submarginal cell wide above; basal vein of fore wings inter-
stitial with the transverse median 8

8. Hind tarsi spined, apical joint spined beneath; propodeal

spiracle opening posteriorly; abdomen cylindrical, first seg-
ment subequal in length with second, not much narrowed

anteriorly; large, ferruginous Arachnophroctonus p. 632

Hind tarsi not, or but feebly, spined, apical joint without
spines; propodeal spiracle opening sublaterally; abdomen
depressed, first segment longer than second and narrower

anteriorly; slender black with yellow marks

Sericopompilus p. 633

9. A short longitudinal impressed line or groove on posterior

part of pronotum; head nearly or fully as broad as long;

not wholly black 10

No such impressed line or groove on pronotum; often wholly

black Psammochares p. 632

ID. Metanotum distinctly grooved at base; upper margin of

clypeus nearly evenly convex Arachnophroctonus p. 632

Metanotum not grooved at base; upper margin of clypeus

sinuate or zigzag Batazonus

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 63I

Episyron Schiodte.
This interesting genus can easily be recognized by the charac-
ters given in the key.

Key to Species.
Apical abdominal segment with a white spot; wings pale

except apex S-notatus

Apical abdominal segment black; wings uniformly blackish..

biguttatus

E. biguttatus Fabricius.

Provisions its nest with Epeira lahyrinthea, according to the
Peckhams.

Occurs throughout the State.

E. 5-notatus Say.

According to the Peckhams, this species provisions its nest
with Epeira strix.

Occurs throughout the State.

Aporinellus Banks.

This genus has usually gone under the name Aporus until
recently, when Mr. Banks has shown that the true Aporus is a
very different insect.

A. fasciatus Smith.

Black, densely clothed with silver pile.

Occurs throughout the State.

Pompiloides Radoszkowski.
Key to Species.

1. Abdomen marked with red 3

Abdomen entirely black 4

2. Posterior margin of pronotum arcuately emarginate . .marginatus
Posterior margin of pronotum sharply, angularly emarginate 3

3. Wings uniformly black; larger tropicus

Wings darker at apex americanus

4. Black; posterior margin of pronotum subangularly emarginate

cylindricus
Bluish; posterior margin of pronotum arcuately emarginate 5

5. Wings fusco-hyaline; three basal abdominal segments with-

out dense pile subviolaceus

Wings hyaline; three basal abdominal segments with dense
silvery pile argenteus

°P. americanus Beauvais.

632 CONNECTICUT GEX)L. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

P. argenteus Cresson.

Occurs along the coast and up the large river valleys.

P. cylindricus Cresson.

Probably occurs throughout the State. Branford, 5 July, 1904,
Poquonock, 27 June, North Haven, 3 August, 1905 (H. L. V.) ;
East Hartford, 2 August, 1905 (B. H. W.).

P. marginatus Say.

Occurs throughout the State. Torrington, 7 July, 1905
(W. E. B.) ; Putnam, 12 July, North Haven, 3 August, 1905
(H. L. v.).

P. subviolaceus Cresson.

Stratford, 1 6 August, 1904 (H. L. V.).

P. tropicus Linnaeus. Howard, Insect Book, PI. vii, Fig. 11.
New Haven, 20 July, 1904 (B. H. W.).

Sericopompilus Ashmead.

S. humilis Cresson.

Posterior margin of the pronotum subarcuately emarginate;
black ; posterior tibiae with a white spot near the base ; wings hya-
line, apex bifasciate. •

New Haven, 9 June, 1905 (B. H. W.).

Arachnophroctonus Ashmead.

A interruptus Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. v. Fig. i.

Large; ferruginous, marked with black; wings yellowisk.
Preys on the spider Epeira strix.

Can be found throughout the State. Sachem's Head, i August,
1904 (H. L. v.).

Psammochares Latreille.
Mr. Banks separates this genus into the following subgenera
on characters found only in the female sex.

Key to Subgenera.

1. Clypeus deeply emarginate in middle Lophopompilus p. 634

Clypeus not more than gently concave 2

2. No distinct tarsal comb Anoplius p.' 633

A distinct tarsal comb 3

3. Third joint of antennae very short, hardly longer than first

Sophropompilus

Third joint of antennae much longer than first

Psammochares p. 633

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 633

As this key is founded only on the females the. following
tabulation based on easily recognized characters is given.

Key to Species.

1. Abdomen marked with reddish yellow atrox

Abdomen entirely black 2

2. Posterior margin of pronotum arcuately emarginate 3

Posterior margin of pronotum angulately emarginate 5

3. Third cubital cell triangular; wings darker apically; length

about 12 mm tenebrosus

Third cubital cell not triangular, although narrowed above;
wings nearly uniformly black; length more than 16 mm. . . 4

4. Clypeus of female deeply emarginate; last dorsal abdominal

segment of male regularly, rather narrowly rounded, .aethiops
Clypeus of female gently incurved; last dorsal abdominal seg-
ment of male broadly rounded and sightly emarginate

relativus

5. Wings much darker apically; tarsal comb of female obsolete

virginiensis
Wings nearly uniformly blackish; tarsal comb of female
present 6

6. Large, 12 mm. or more in length; clypeus of female deeply

emarginate philadclphicus

Small, 10 mm. or less in length; clypeus of female gently
incurved 7

7. Tarsal claws of male cleft; apical ventral abdominal segments

of male with much erect hair; abdomen bluish; prothorax

of female almost nude luctuosus

Tarsal claws of male toothed; apical ventral abdominal
segments of male without erect hair; abdomen black;
prothorax of female with much black erect hair scelestus

P. (Anoplius) virginiensis Cresson.

Recorded from the State, but without definite locality.

P. (Psammcchares) luctuosus Cresson.

Said to occur all over the State. New Haven, 30 June, 1905
(B. H. W.) ; Colebrook, 21 July, 1905 (H. L. V.) ; New Canaan,
14 September, 1905 (W. E. B.).

P. (P.) relativus Fox. •

Branford, 19 September, 1904 (H. W. W.).

P. (P.) scelestus Cresson.

Recorded from Connecticut and probably was collected at
Farmington by Norton ; New Haven, 18, 24 June, 1902 (E. J.
S. M.).

634 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

P. (P.) tenebrosus Cresson.

Recorded from the State and probably inhabits only the Boreal

part.

P. (Lophopompilus) aethiops Cresson. Howard, Insect

Book, PI. V, Fig. 19.

Occurs along Long Island Sound. New Haven, 3 October,
1902 (B. H. W.) ; Branford, 3 September, 1904 (H. L. V.).

P. (L.) philadelphicus Le Peletier.

New Haven (A. E. V.). Norton also took this species in the
State, probably near Farmington.

P. (L.) atrox Dahlbom. Howard, Insect Book, PI. vii.

Fig. 14.

Recorded from the State; and has also been taken at New
Haven, 18 September, 1903, Westville, 19 July (W. E. B.) ;
Branford, August, 1905 (H. W, W.).

EUMENID^.

By Henry Lorenz Viereck.

Solitary wasps, with males and females that may dig in the

ground, burrow in pith or wood, or make mud nests, e. g., the

mud-pot of the potter wasp. These nests are stored with various

insects.

Ke'^ to Genera.

1. Abdomen petiolate 2

Abdomen sessile 3

2. Maxillary palpi with three joints Zethus p. 634

Maxillary palpi with four joints Eumcnes p. 634

3. First segment of abdomen funnel-shaped Nortonia p. 635

First segment of abdomen not funnel-shaped 4

4. Maxillary palpi with three joints Monobia p. 635

Maxillary palpi with six joints Odynerus p. 635

Zethus Fabricius.
Head wider than high, the second segment of the abdomen in
the form of a globular bell. Only one species occurs in the State.

Z. spinipes Say.

Wings violet; more than 13 mm. in length.

Eumenes Fabricius.
This genus comprises the potter wasps, which make symmet-
rical pots of clay in which to lay their eggs and rear their young.
But a single specieS/is found in the East.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 635

E. fraterna Say. Potter Wasp. PI. viii, Fig. 5 (adult) ; PI.
iv, Fig. 2 (nest).

Wings smoky, with violet iridescence. Length 13-17 mm.

Occurs throughout the State, and is known to store its nests
with canker-worms and caterpillars of butterflies. New Haven
North Haven, Hamden, Branford, Orange, Stafford (W. E. B.,
B. H. W., H. L. v., E. J. S. M.). '

Monobia De Saussure.
Another genus represented in the State by but one species.

M. quadridens Linnaeus. Howard, Insect Book, PI. v,
Fig. 2.

Length 20 mm. Black, with whitish markings which make it
very like Odynerus bidens, from which it is superficially distin-
guished by the clypeus being armed with two teeth.

Undoubtedly occurs throughout the State. New Haven, 13
May, 1904, 25 July, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Branford, 25 July, 1905
(H. W. W.) ; Stonington, 26 July, 1906 (J. A. Hyslop).

Nortonia De Saussure.
Also represented by but one species in the East.
N. sjrmmorpha De Saussure.

Length 17 mm. Black, shining, with yellow markings ; an-
tennae reddish beneath ; wings transparent, brown, with beautiful
violet reflections.

Odynerus Latreille.
A large genus with many species representing it in this State.

Key to Species.

1. First abdominal segment with a transverse keel 2

First abdominal segment without a transverse keel 17

2. First abdominal segment with a longitudinal groove down

the middle and with a whitish or yellowish apical border

(Symmorphus) 3

First abdominal segment without a longitudinal groove down
the middle (Ancistrocerus) 7

3. Second abdominal segment with a whitish or yellowish apical

border 4

Second abdominal segment without a whitish or yellowish
apical border, the third and fourth abdominal segments
with a yellowish apical border; length 11 mm philadelphiae

636 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

4. Third abdominal segment with a whitish or yellowish apical

border 5

Third abdominal segment without a whitish or yellowish
apical border 6

5. Third and fourth abdominal segments with a yellowish

apical border walshianus

Third and fourth abdominal segments with a whitish apical
border albomarginatus

6. Fourth and following abdominal segments without a whitish

or yellowish apical border, the first and second abdominal
segments only bordered, and these with the border apical

and yellowish; base of tibiae yellowish debilis

Fourth abdominal segment, as well as the first and second,
with a yellowish apical border, the remaining segments
not bordered; tibiae more or less reddish cristatus

7. Wings fuscO-violaceous 8

Wings subhyaline or smoky; abdomen as well as antennae

mostly black 9

8. Postscutel black; apical margin of second dorsal abdominal

segment smooth spinolas

Postscutel yellowish; apical margin of second dorsal abdom-
inal segment rough unifasciatus

9. Abdomen with four or five yellowish fasciae 10

Abdomen with three yellowish fasciae; postscutel yellow...

campestris

10. Thorax quadrate ll

Thorax oblong 13

11. Ornaments yellowish 12

Ornaments whitish waldeni

12. Second dorsal abdominal segment with two yellowish spots

birenimaculatus
Second dorsal abdominal segment without yellowish spots

birenimaculatus var.

13. Propodeum with a sharp border 14

Propodeum rounded behind campestris

14. Postscutel black or with inconspicuous marks 15

Postscutel more or less yellowish 16

15. Ornaments yellowish capra

Ornaments whitish albophaleratus

16. Body robust, black and shining catskilli

Body slender, elongate tigris

17. Thorax quadrate 18

Thorax oblong 23

18. Wings subhyaline or clouded or reddish 19

Wings blackish or fuscous; ornaments whitish or luteous;

propodeum maculated; second dorsal segment without a
luteous margin bidens

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 637

19. Body with extensive reddish ornaments 20

Body with whitish, yellowish, or luteous ornaments 21

20. Postscutel yellowish dorsalis

Postscutel black boscii

21. Postscutel yellowish or whitish; propodeum separated from

the postscutel by a fissure or notch; second dorsal abdom-
inal segment without yellow spots; scutel black 22

Postscutel black boscii

22. Ornaments whitish leucomelas

Ornaments yellowish foraminatus

23. Postscutel black 24

Postscutel yellowish 25

24. Thorax with yellowish ornaments; first abdominal segment

(and sometimes second) with a yellowish margin, .nortonianus
Thorax black nortonianus var.

25. Second abdominal segment with two free yellowish spots.. 26
Second abdominal segment without free yellowish spots 32

26. First abdominal segment with two yellowish spots or oblique

yellowish lines 27

First abdominal segment without yellowish spots 29

27. Second abdominal segment with its apical margin slightly

reflexed 28

Second abdominal segment with its apical margin not ser»sibly
reflexed anormis

28. First dorsal abdominal segment with free yellowish spots

collega
First dorsal abdominal segment with oblique yellowish lines

vagus

29. Postscutel with a yellowish band 30

Postscutel with two yellowish spots nortonianus

30. Second abdominal segment with its apical margin not re-

flexed 31

Second abdominal segment with its apical margin slightly
reflexed collega

31. First four abdominal segments with yellowish margins, .anormis
Only first, second, and fourth abdominal segments with yel-
lowish margins pedestris

32. First and second abdominal segments without free yellow

spots 3S

First abdominal segment with two yellowish spots collega

33. Abdomen with yellowish margins on more than the first

two segments 34

Abdomen with yellowish margins on only the first two seg-
ments, the apical margin of the second segment reflexed

collega var.

34. Only first, second, and fourth abdominal segments with yel-

lowish margins pennsylvanicus

638 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

First four abdominal segments with yellowish margins, the
second segment rather reflexed collega var.

°0. (Symmorphus) walshianus De Saussure.
Length 12 mm.

O. (S.) albomarginatus De Saussure.
Length 9 mm.

Apparently occurs throughout the northern section of the State
at least.

°0. (S.) philadelphiae De Saussure.
Length 11 mm.
Sure to occur in Connecticut.

O. (S.) debilis De Saussure.

Length 8,5 mm.

Found everywhere in the State.

O. (S.) cristatus De Saussure.
Length 9 mm.

Found everywhere in the State. Scotland, 30 July, 1904
(B. H. W.).

O. (Ancistrocerus) spinolae De Saussure.

Length 6 mm.

This State is possibly the type locality of this species.

O. (A.) unifasciatus De Saussure. Howard, Insect Book,
PI. vi. Fig. 17.

Length 11-15 mm.

Occurs probably throughout the southern portion of the
State.

O. (A.) campestris De Saussure. Howard, Insect Book, PI.
V, Fig. 5.

Length 13 mm.

Branford, 29 May, 1905 (H. W. W.). Will be found, no
doubt, throughout the State.

*0. (A.) waldeni Viereck.
Length of female 13 mm.

Type locality : New Haven. Only one specimen is known, and
this was caught 15 May, iSj^fl.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, 639

O. (A.) birenimaculatus De Saussure, PI. iv, Fig. i (nest).

Length 14 mm.

Found throughout New England. Plantsville (A.
Shepard) ; New Haven, 5 June, 1906, Stonington, 1907 (W.
E. B.).

O. (A.) capra De Saussure. Howard, Insect Book, PI. v,
Figs. 4, 7.

Length 14-17 mm.

Common everywhere in the State. New Haven, Mt. Carmel,
Branford, Westbrook, (H. L. V., E. J. S. M., W. E. B., B. H.
W., P. L. B.).

O. (A.) albophaleratus De Saussure.

Length 10-13 ^^^

Very likely occurs throughout the State.

_ O. (A.) tigris De Saussure. Howard, Insect Book, PI. vi,
Fig- 15-

Length 8- 11 mm.

Common all over the State. New Haven, (H. L. V., P. L.
B.) ; Sachem's Head, Westbrook, Colebrook (H. L. V.) ; Bran-
ford (H. W. W.) ; Stafford, Brookfield (W. E. B.).

O. (A) catskilli De Saussure.
Length 9.5-1 1.5 mm.

Has been taken on goldenrod flowers at Scotland (B. H. W.),
and will be found throughout the State.

°0. bidens De Saussure.
Length 20 mm.

O. boscii LePeletier.

Length 14 mm. *

Was found in this State by Norton.

O. dorsalis Fabricius. Howard, Insect Book, PI. vi. Fig. 14.

Length 17 mm.

New Haven, 24 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.).

O. leucomelas De Saussure.
Length 9-14 mm.

Was first taken in the State by Norton. New Haven, 24
May, 1904 (H. L. V.).

640 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

O. foraminatus De Saussure.

Length 11 -13 mm.

Found throughout the State. New Haven (W. E. B., E. J.
S. M., P. L. B.) ; North Haven, Westbrook (H. L. V.) ; Windsor
(W. E. B.) ; Stonington (J. A. Hyslop).

*0. nortonianus De Saussure.
Length 9 mm.

Occurs throughout the State. Yalesville, 19 October, 1903
(H. L. v.).

*0. collega De Saussure.
Length 12 mm.

Very likely to be found throughout the State. Woodbridge,
25 August, 1906 (W. E. B.).

O. anormis Say.
Length ii mm.

Occurs throughout the State. Branford, 22 August, 1904
(H. W. W.).

O. pedestris De Saussure.

Length 9-10 mm.

All over the State. Has been taken at Double Beach, 5 July,
1904, on the flowers of New Jersey tea. New Haven, 2^ June,
1902 (E. J. S. M.).

O. pennsylvanicus De Saussure.

Length 8-9 mm.

Occurs all over the State, and has been taken on flowers of
goldenrod and Pastinaca sativa. New Haven, (W. E. B., B. H.
W., P. L. B., H. L. v., E. J. S. M.) ; Branford (H. L. V., P. L.
B.) ; Scotland (B. H: W.) ; Sachem's Head (H. L. V.).

°0. vagus De Saussure.

VESPID.E.

This family is divisible into two subfamilies, the Vespinse
or monogamic social wasps, and Polybiinse or polygamic social
wasps.

The Polybiinse are not represented in the northeastern
United States but the subfamily Vespinae is well represented
both in individuals and species. It is composed of social

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 64I

wasps, the familiar types of which are the hornet and yellow-
jacket. These wasps build nests of paper which is made by-
chewing wood into small bits. In the Vespini the nest is
entirely enclosed leaving only a small circular hole for the
entrance of the wasps. In the Polistini, a-s represented in our
region, the nest is broad and flat without an enclosing envelope.

The larvae of these insects are fed mostly upon the chewed-
up remains of Lepidopterous larvae, although other larvae,
pollen, and honey are used. The larvae are fed from day to
day, no food being stored for them.

This subfamily is parasitized by Diptera, Hymenoptera
and Strepsiptera.

Vespini.

According to the writer's views this subfamily may be
divided into two tribes by the following characters :

Key to Tribes.

Hind wings long, without an anal lobe; first abdominal seg-
ment very broad, sharply truncate anteriorly; mesepister-
num without an anterior dorsal plate vespini p. 641

Hind wings with distinct anal lobe; first abdominal segment
subpetiolate, petiolate or conical, never abruptly truncate
at base; mesepisternum with a sepaj"ate dorsal plate along
anterior margin polistini p. 643

VESPINI.
Key to Genera.
Vertex extending much above eyes; ocelli much below

supraorbital line; posterior orbits broad Vespa p. 641

Vertex not extending above eyes; ocelli slightly caudad of or
tangent with supraorbital line; posterior orbits narrow..

Vespula p. 642

Vespa Linnaeus.

This genus is represented by a single species, supposedly
introduced, which is brown and yellow and very large, having a
length of 18-22 mm., and builds its nest in hollow trees.

V. crabro Linnaeus. Giant Hornet. PI. viii, Fig. lo.

New Haven, 13 June, 1900, i October, 1903 (W. E. B.), 30

June, 1901 (A. L. Winton), 2 November, 1905 (G. R. Bradley),

8 October, 1908 (B. H. W.) ; Hamden, 28 September, 1901

(R. C. Horsfall) ; Darien, 13 September, 1906 (E. H. Delafield) ;

Plantsville (A. Shepard).
41

642 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Vespula Thomson,
This compact, well defined genus may be separated into two
subgenera on the length of the malar space as follows :

Key to Subgenera.
Malar space very narrow, eyes touching base of mandibles or

separated from them only by a line Vespula p. 642

Malar space very broad, eyes remote from base of mandibles

Dolichovespula p. 642

Dolichovespula, new subgenus.
Type: Vespa maculata Linnaeus.

Key to Species.

1. Basal three abdominal segments immaculate; markings white;

flagellum ferruginous beneath maculata

Basal three abdominal segments maculate 2

2. Black and white arctica

Black and yellow diabolica

V. (D.) maculata (Linnaeus). Vespa maculata Linnaeus.
White-faced Hornet. PI. viii, Fig. 16 (adult) ; PI. ii, Fig. i
(nest).

The nest is attached to the limb of a tree.

A very common species, oacurring throughout the State.
Windsor, New Haven, Wallingford (W. E. B., B. H. W.).

V. (D.) diabolica De Saussure. Common Yellow-jacket. PI.
viii, Fig. 13 (adult); PI. iii (nest).

According to Ashmead this species nests in stumps.

Another common species which occurs throughout the
State. New Haven, Mount Carmel, Branford, Prospect,
Sachem's Head, Colebrook (W. E. B., B. H. W., H. L. V., H.
W. W.).

"'V. (D.) arctica, new name. V. borealis Lewis (Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 24, 1897, p. 173), not V. borealis Kirby
(Fauna Boreali-americana, 1837, P- 264).

This species has been taken in New Hampshire, and at
Amherst, Massachusetts, and will undoubtedly be found in north-
ern Connecticut.

Subgenus Vespula Thomson (s. str.).
Type: Vespa austriaca Panzer (Ashmead, 1902).
To this subgenus belong the numerous smaller vespine wasps

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 643

SO common throughout the United States. Many of the species
are closely related, and care must be taken in determining them.

The species of this subgenus, as far as known, build their nests
within the ground.

Key to Species.

1. Black and white consobrina

Black and yellow 2

2. Black spot of first dorsal abdominal segment in the form of

a lozenge; scape black germanica

Black spot of first dorsal abdominal segment in form of a
triangle, or transverse 3

3. Base of first dorsal abdominal segment black, with a black

point in middle of the yellow posterior margin vulgaris

First dorsal abdominal segment yellow, with a transverse
black spot; scape sometimes entirely black communis

V. (V.) consobrina De Saussure.

Occurs throughout the State. Branford, 24 August, 1904 (P.
L. B.) ; North Haven, 3 August, 1905 (B. H. W.).

V. (V.) germanica Fabricius. Howard, Insect Book, PI.
vi, Fig. 24.

Occurs throughout the State. Many specimens from New
Haven (B. H. W., H. L. V., P. L. B., W. E. B., E. J. S. M.) ;
Branford (H. W. W.) ; Mount Carmel (E. J. S. M.).

°V. (V.) communis De Saussure.
Sure to be found within the State.

V. (V.) vulgaris Linnaeus. Howard, Insect Book, PI. v,

Fig. 13.

Occurs throughout the State. New Haven, June, 1905 (B. H.
W., A. H. Pierson, J. A. Howarth, Jr.) ; Branford, August, 1905
(H. W. W.) ; Prospect, 15 August, 1906 (W. E. B.).

POLISTINI.

Polistes Latreille.*
The species of this genus make nests with exposed cells.
They are known to be predaceous, and at least one species takes
its victim without first stinging it. They may use old nests, and
are said to study a locality to get their bearings.

•Copied from Mr. Viereck's manuscript.

644 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Key to Species.

1. Blackish-brown, with a conspicuous yellow margin to first

dorsal abdominal segment annularis

Colored otherwise 2

2. Abdomen with many yellow bands or with yellow spots, .variatus
Abdomen not so; more uniformly brown pallipes

P. annularis Linnaeus. Howard, Insect Book, PI. v,
Fig. 12.

Length i8 mm.

Belongs more to the southern United States, and is therefore
not apt to be found outside of the CaroUnian Zone in Connecticut.

P. variatus Cresson.
Length i8 mm.

May be found throughout the State. (New Haven, 12 Sep-
tember, 1904 (B. H. W.). .

P. pallipes LePeletier. P. metricus Say. Common Wasp.
PI. viii, Fig. 8 (adult) ; PI. ii, Fig. 2 (nest).

Common throughout the State. New Haven (E. J. S. M., B.
H. W., W. E. B.) ; Branford (H. W. W.) ; New Canaan (W. E.
B.) ; Mount Carmel E. J. S. M.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 645

SPHECOIDEA.

By Sievert Allen Rohwer.

The wasps grouped together in the superfamily Sphecoidea
resemble bees in that the pronotum is developed on the dorsal
lateral margin into rounded lobes called tubercules. These tuber-
cules, in some groups, extend beyond the anterior margin of the
tegulse, but in no case does the posterior margin of the pronotum
touch the tegulse as is the case with the superfamilies Vespoidea,
Ichneumonoidea, etcetera, nor is the pronotum large and devel-
oped laterally.

The European authority, F. F. Kohl, has considered these
wasps as belonging to one family; but the American authority,
W. H. Ashmead, erected a superfamily for the wasps here treated,
and recognized a number of families which, in turn, he divided
into subfamilies and tribes. The primary character used by
Ashmead in separating families of the superfamily was the num-
ber of calcaria on the intermediate tibiae. This arrangement
separated such closely related groups as Bemhex and Stizns, and
also brought together certain other insects which are not, accord-
ing to the present author's views, closely related.

Kohl's treatment of the family did not divide it into subfam-
ilies or tribes; but at the end of his classification he arranged
genera, subgenera and species in assemblages which he called
generic groups. Many of these groups have been raised to
either subfamily or tribal importance in the following classifica-
tion, and most of the groups Kohl treated as subgenera have
been considered as genera, while many of his species groups have
been treated as subgenera.

The other important work on Sphecoidea is that of W. J. Fox.
Fox's work, although it does not tabulate all the North American
genera and subgenera in the outline of classification, which is
according to the older methods, is extremely valuable and reliable,
but does not succeed, according to the views of the present author,
in establishing a natural classification for these insects. The

646 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

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No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 647

NOMECLATURE OF WING PARTS IN THE DRAWING OF
CHLORION (AMMOBIA) ICHNEUMONEUM.

OLD SYSTEM

Veins
Costal
Subcostal
Median
Submedian or Anal

Radius or marginal .

Basal

First transverse cubital

Second

Third

Transverse medial

Discoidal

Cubital

First recurrent

Second "

Subdiscoidal

COMSTOCK-NEEDHAM SYSTEM
Front Wings

Veins
Costa or C
So + R + M
Cubitus or Cu
A*
1st abscissa, radial cross-vein

or r, 4th abscissa R»;
recurved tip Sca+Ri+j
Medio-cubital cross-vein and

Media
R» and r-m
R»
R*

M« + Cu,

1st abscissa M*, 2d abscissa Mt
M+R4+b; at margin Mi+R*4«
Mt+ «

Transverse part of Ma
(ist abscissa) medial cross-vein
(2d abscissa) M»

•]

Cells

Cells

Costal

• •

C + Sc

Median or externo-median

M

Submedian or interno-median .

Cu + Cui

Anal

ist + 2d+3d A

Marginal or radial

2d Ri + R.

First submarginal

or cubita

ist Ri + R

Second "

R.

Third

R4

Fourth

R.

First discoidal

M*

Second "

Ms

Third

ist Ma

First apical

2d Ma

Second "

Ml

Stigma

-/ j.i_.--

Stigma or cell Sca

* "T"! J. 1 tj.;

-•_ .-- 1-.. .„J «f ifc fin

sented by M* + Cu +1+2 1st A + 2d A + 3d A

648 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull

Hind Wings

Veins
Costal
Subcostal
Median
Anal
Radian or Marginal

Cubital

Discoidal

Transverse median
" cubital

Axillary

Cells •
Costal
Median
Submedian
Anal

Marginal or radial .
Submarginal or cubital
1st discoidal .
2d " . .

Veins
Costa or C
R + M
Cu and M4

ist A; at tip ist A and 2d A
Rs (at its tip)

m-cu and R4+5+M1

m and M2

Ms

Free part of media or M

3d A

Cells
C + Sc + Sci
M

Cu + Cui + Ms
1st A + 2d A + 3d A*
Ri + 2

R + R. + R4 + R»
Mi + 1st M2 + M«
2d M,

student of this superfamily will, however, do well to examine the
work of Fox, and especially his revisions or specific synop-
ses which occur in the various American journals. In some cases
where Fox has carefully tabulated the American species of certain
genera belonging 'to this superfamily, the species occurring or
likely to occur in the State of Connecticut have been extracted
from his table, and nearly all the characters mentioned by Fox
have been incorporated within the table. This is especially true
in the subfamily Crabroninae, and, by running an insect to any
given species in the keys here given and by following closely the
characters there given, it is believed that one can feel reasdhably
sure that he has correctly determined his species. In cases where
Fox has not tabulated the American species, the author has made
entirely new keys, and this is also the case in certain groups
where, according to his ideas. Fox's arrangements are not the best.
The following keys to the subfamilies are based upon char-
acters found chiefly in the thorax, as it is believed that there is
less modification, by variation of the parts used, in this part of the

• 3d A is part below axillary vein.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

649

body than in the appendages. The writer fully believes that by
careful attention to the body characters, and by ignoring, in the
primary division, the characters of the appendages, a more natural
classification of these insects will be made.

Not all of the characters given in the following key will apply
equally well to insects which do not occur within this region, and
this is especially true of exotic genera. The aim of these keys
has been to make the characters as simple, yet as positive and
definite as possible, so as to enable the beginner who is unfamiliar
with the habitus of the insects in question to correctly place his
insect in a given subfamily, tribe and genus. For this reason
it has been unadvisable to so form the keys that they will include
all the genera of the world. At some later time the writer hopes
to elaborate the classification here proposed so that it will include
the genera of the world. To do this will necessitate the making
of a number of additional tribes and perhaps a few subfamilies.

The nomenclature of the thorax is that given by Snodgrass in
his paper entitled " Thorax of the Hymenoptera," published in
the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 39,
no. 1774, 1910, pp. 37-91, pi. 1-16.

3-o//o/-<7C/c Me \ < ^c^//e//arT7

Or- rL^jOer-c/if V \ \ A^ •

Afe/cr/7o//y/77

y,'77<F/Qroo^^

/^re/yec/LT^

Fig. 15. Thorax of Chlorion {Ammobia) ichneumon eum.

In the main, the insects belonging to the superfamily Sphe-
coidea could be classed as beneficial, as the great majority of

650 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

them are predaceous and provision their nests with spiders,
Homoptera, Lepidopterous larvae or other insects. Some choose,
however, the Diptera as food for their young, but these will
have to be classed with the beneficial insects for the present as, so
far as is known, none of them collect any of the parasitic flies,
while many of them provision their nests with the horse-flies.
The genus Cerceris should in the main be classed as beneficial
since it uses weevils for food. There is one record of this genus
as using honey bees, in which case it would have to be classed as
injurious. The subfamily Phalanthinas would, as a rule, have
to be considered as injurious, since these insects provision their
nests with bees.

The habits of these wasps are very diversified ; some nest in
colonies ; others, and by far the great majority of them, are soli-
tary in their nesting habits. The nests are either constructed into
clay cells ; made in the sand ; or often in abandoned nests, either
clay nests constructed by other members of this super family or
the galleries of other insects being used for a home for the future
larvae. Some species nest within the stems of plants which have
a large pithy center. A few, however, are known to actually
excavate burrows in solid wood after the manner of the
carpenter bee.

Some very interesting observations of the insects belonging to
this group have been made by the Peckhams and in many cases
reference will be made to their papers. The French studept,
Fabre, has also made many interesting and original observations
on the habits of the European wasps belonging to this super-
family, and any student of the habits of these wasps should
become familiar with the papers of this French author, and
should endeavor to correlate the habits of the American species
with their congeners in Europe.

The following species which are included within the State are,
according to the author's views, only a small percentage of the
species which actually occur there, and it is to be hoped that
students of Entomology within the region covered by this paper
will make a special effort to collect Sphecoid wasps, and that it
will be possible within a few years to add many species to this
list.

%

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 65I

Key to Families.

1. Mesosternum produced posteriorly into an elongate process

which is cleft or bifurcate apically; notauli present; mid
tibiae with two apical spurs; prothorax long; propodeum
long; femora swollen near middle; prepectus present....

AMPULICID^ p. 651
Mesosternum not produced into an elongate process; notauli
wanting; prothorax usually transverse; femora normally
not swollen in the middle 2

2. Prepectus present SPHECID^ p. 652

Prepectus wanting 3

3. Antennae inserted close to clypeus; cheeks narrow; first

abdominal segment not narrower than second; lower pos-
terior margin of propodeum angled due to metathoracic
pleural suture being dorso-ventral; no dorsal plate to

mesepisternum BEMBICID^ p. 691

Antennae inserted much above clypeus; cheeks broad; first
abdominal segment much narrower than second; lower
posterior margin of propodeum rounded due to metatho-
racic pleural suture being curved; a dorsal plate to mesepi-
sternum CERCERID^ p. 694

AMPULICID^.

Within our area there is but one genus which belongs to this
family. The wasps belonging to this genus are small, about lo
mm. long, black, and have the wings more or less marked with
fuscous. The habits of our species are unknown, but the
European Ampulex compressus preys on cockroaches.

Rhinopsis Westwood.
Key to Species.

Clypeus not carinate apically, apical middle margin quinque-
dentate, the sides of its production sinuate; mandibles
rufo-ferruginous; head uniformly sculptured; pronotum
finely, transversely striato-granular posteriorly; mesoscu-
tum without large lateral punctures; notauli not foveolate;
mesepisternum granular, with a few large punctures
dorsally caniculatus

Clypeus with a carina in apical middle with one apical tooth,
sides of its production not sinuate; mandibles, except the
piceous apices, black; front striato-punctate, the rest of the
head finely granular, with large scattered punctures; prono-
tum coarsely, transversely striato-reticulate; notauli foveo-

652 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

late; sides of mesoscutum with large punctures; mesoscuto-
scutellar suture strongly foveate; mesepisternum with large
punctures which are dorsally confluent melanognathus

oi

'R. caniculatus Say.
*R. melanognathus Rohwer.

Manchester, 13 September, 1910 (A.B.C.). This is the type
locality of this species.

SPHECID^.

By far the greater number of the Sphecoidea belong to the
family Sphecidse. As a family, the group is rather complex,
being composed of a number of types, but all of these are held
together by the presence of a prepectus. Within the family the
prepectus takes a number of forms, but in no case has any diffi-
culty arisen as to its presence or absence.

Key to Subfamilies.

1. Prepectal suture originating below lower margin of pro-

thoracic tub'ercule, prepectus therefore wanting between

tubercule and tegula Nyssonin^ p. 653

Prepectal suture originating posterior to prothoracic tuber-
cule, prepectus therefore present between tubercule and
tegula 2

2. Prepectus defined posteriorly by a strong carina which is

angulate opposite prothoracic tubercule; an oblique suture
from below tegula to sternum, where it joins prepectal

t carina 3

Prepectus defined posteriorly by a suture; no suture from
below tegula to prepectal suture 5

3. Antennae inserted near middle of face; mesepisternum with

a dorsal and ventral plate; abdomen petiolate; wings with

three cubital cells Psenin^ p. 657

Antennae inserted very close to dorsal margin of clypeus;
mesepisternum without a dorsal plate; abdomen sessile,
or subsessile; wings with one cubital cell 4

4. First cubital and first discoidal cells confluent; propodeum

with a process at dorsal middle; metanotum with processes
at sides; eyes with their inner margins subparallel

OXYBELIN^ p. 659

First cubital and first discoidal cells separate; propodeum and
metanotum without processes; eyes with their inner mar-
gins strongly converging below Crabronin^ p. 660

5. Abdomen with a strong constriction between first and second

ventral segments 6

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 653

Abdomen without a constriction between first and second
ventral segments 8

6. Clypeus with a lobe at dorsal middle; antennae inserted well

above clypeus near middle of face; intermediate tibiae with

two apical spurs Philanthin^ p. 671

Clypeus with dorsal margin nearly straight; antennae inserted
very close to dorsal margin of clypeus, much below middle
of face 7

7. Inner margins of eyes deeply emarginate; intermediate tibiae

with one apical spur TRYPOXYLONiNiE p. 675

Eyes at most reniform, mesal margins subparallel; inter-
mediate tibiae with two apical spurs Mellinin^ p. 6^^

8. Intermediate coxae without a transverse suture near base;,

propodeum long, with spiracles well removed from base;
abdomen with a long petiole; intermediate tibiae with two

apical spurs Sphecin^ p. 678

Intermediate coxae with a transverse suture near base; pro-
podeum shorter, and with spiracles close to metanotum;
abdomen usually sessile, but, when petiolate, intermediate
tibiae have only one spur 9

9. Metasternum with a large process which is deeply emarginate

ventrally; intermediate tibiae with one apical spur; wings
with three cubital cells; radial cell with an appendage ....

Larking p. 683
Metasternum without a large, deeply emarginate process.. 10
10. Abdomen depressed, dorsal surface flattened; intermediate
tibiae with two apical spurs; radial cell truncate; wings with

three cubital cells Astatine p. 687

Abdomen cylindrical or in a very few cases subdepressed,
dorsal surface convex; intermediate tibiae with one apical
spur; venation various Pemphredonin^ p. 688

Nyssonin^.
As used here, this subfamily is the family Nyssonids of
Ashmead with the subfamily Astatinae removed. Following
Kohl's arrangement, it is the " Gattungsgruppe " Alyson and the
isolated genera Gorytes and Nysson. In Viereck's arrangement
in the New Jersey List it is the families Gorytidse, Alysonidae and
Nyssonidae. The subfamily is easily recognized by the prepectus.
But little is known about the habits of these insects. The
Nyssonini nest in sand as do also the Gorytini and Hoplisini. The
latter two provision their nests with Homoptera and according
to Westwood prefer those of the family Cercopidae.

654 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Key to Tribes.

1. Mesepisternum without a dorsal plate; lateral dorsal angles

of propodeum dentate or sharply angulate; second cubital

cell petiolate nyssonini p. 655

Mesepisternum with a dorsal and ventral plate; propodeum
not dentate 2

2. Second pleural suture strongly angulate, mesepimeron there-

fore much broader above; pronotum long, cephalo-caudal
length approximating same length of scutellum: slendv:r

insects; second cubital cell petiolate alysonini p. 654

Second pleural suture straight or nearly so, mesepimeron
therefore nearly parallel-sided; pronotum transverse;
stout species; second cubital cell sessile 3

3. Sternauli wanting; mesepisternum with an oblique suture

from below tegulas to prepectal carina gorytini p. 655

Sternauli present; mesepisternum without an oblique suture
from below tegulae to prepectal carina hoplisini p. 656

ALYSONINI.

Only one genus of this tribe is known to occur within the
State. The habits of none of the Nearctic species belonging to
this tribe are known.

Alyson Jurine.

Slender species ; inner margins of the eyes subparallel, dorsal
margin of the clypeus irregularly convex, propodeum long, with
a sharply defined posterior face; first recurrent vein received by
the first cubital cell near the apex; the second recurrent vein
received by the second cubital cell near the apex; transverse
median vein distinctly basad of the basal vein.

Key to Species.

1. Females 2

Males 3

2. Thorax black oppositus

Thorax red melleus

3. Legs and clypeus black oppositus

Legs partly fulvous, clypeus yellow melleus

A. oppositus Say.

Thompson, 11 July, 1905 (H. L. V.). Probably generally
distributed throughout the State.

'A. melleus Say.

o,

No. 22,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT, 655

NYSSONINI.

This tribe is represented in the State by one genus which is
divisible into a number of subgenera, but as only three species are
known to occur within the State the names of subgenera have
been omitted.

Nysson Latreille.
The species of this genus, according to Ashmead, nest in sand.

Key to Species.

1. Submedian cell of hind wings terminating before origin of

cubitus; markings yellow tramosericus

Submedian cell of hind wings terminating at or before origin
of cubitus 2

2. Scutellum margined at sides; last dorsal segment of abdomen,

in male, ciliated between teeth aequalis

Scutellum not margined at sides; last dorsal segment of the
abdomen, in male, not ciliated between teeth lateralis

N. aequalis Say.
N. lateralis Packard.

Both this and the preceding species occur nearly throughout
the State.

N. tramosericus Viereck.

Poquonock, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

GORYTINI.
Key to Genera.

First abdominal segment as broad apically as second is
basally Gorjrtes p. 655

First abdominal segment much narrower apically than second
is basally Pararaellinus p. 656

Gorytes Latreille.

Gorytes mystaceus (Linnaeus), according to Westwood, preys
on the larvae of Aphrophora spumaria. This is an European
species, but is related to the American species, which may have
similar habits. No species of this genus has as yet been taken in
the State, but G. nigrifrons Smith will no doubt be found in the
Austral life zone. This species is black, marked with yellow, the
yellow band on the first dorsal abdominal segment is larger than
that of the following segments. The radial cell is fuscous. The

656 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

mesoscuto-scutellar suture and the furrows defining the triangular
shaped area of the propodeum are foveolate. The legs beyond
the bases of the femora are black.

Paramellinus Rohwer.

P. bipunctatus (Say).

This is the only species of Paramellinus known in the East.
It is shining black with white markings. The second and third
dorsal abdominal segments have lateral whitish spots. The
wings are clear. The recurrent veins are usually interstitial with
the first and second transverse cubiti. The eyes are large, oval in
outline, being closer together a short distance above the antennae.

East Hartford, 9 August, 1904 (B.H.W.).

HOPLISINI.

Hoplisus LePeletier.

The species placed in the genus at present may belong in a
number of different subgenera when the group is studied from the
standpoint of the genotypes. The species, as far as known, prey
on leaf-hoppers and nest in the sand. For an interesting account
of canalicidatus Packard, see Barth, Bull. Wisconsin Nat. Hist.
Soc, vol. 5, no. 3, 1907, pp. 141-149. %• 4-

The following table is based on the females, as the males of
but a few of the species are known.

Key to Species.

*

1. Inner margin of eyes strongly converging to clypeus 2

Inner margin of eyes parallel or subparallel 3

2. Propodeum coarsely sculptured; wings not yellow basally:

femora mostly black; flagellum yellow beneath, long and
slender; posterior face of propodeum with two yellow

spots atricomis

Propodeum smooth; fourth and fifth dorsal abdominal seg-
ments impunctate; suture between scutum and scutellum
not foveolate ^ phaleratus

3. Last dorsal abdominal segment ferruginous gracilis

Last dorsal abdominal segment yellow fuscus

Last dorsal abdominal segment black 4

4. Mesepisternum sharply, strongly carinate anteriorly; pygid-

ium broad, more than twice as broad as the width in the
middle; a distinct fuscous cloud in second discoidal cell

nebulosus

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 657

Mesepisternum not sharply or strongly carinate anteriorly;
pygidium long, narrow, more than twice as long as its
width in the middle; form robust costalis

H. fuscus Taschenberg.

Flagellum of the male cylindrical except the apical joint; first
abdominal segment black.

This species is recorded, without definite locality, by
Handlirsch.

H. costalis Cresson.

New Haven, 24 August, 1906 (P.L.B.).

H. gracilis Patton.

This species was recorded from Connecticut by Patton.

H. phaleratus Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. i, Fig. 18.
This species occurs throughout the State and has been taken
in July and August.

H. nebulosus Packard.

Scotland, 27 July, 1904 (B. H. W.) ; Branford, 12 August,
1904 (H. W. W.) ; New Haven, 19 July, 1904 (P. L. B.).

°H. atricornis Packard.

This species has been recorded from neighboring states but
not yet been taken in Connecticut.

PSENIN^.

, The abdomen is always petiolate although the length of the
petiole is variable. The antennae are inserted in the middle of
the face, well above the clypeus. The wings have three enclosed
cubital cells, the radial cell is always pointed at the apex. The
inner margins of the eyes are subparallel. The intermediate
coxae are separated.

They nest either in sand or wood and provision their nests
with Homoptera. For an account of one of the Nearctic species,
see Barth, Bull. Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Soc, vol. 5, no. 4, 1907,

pp. 251-257.

Key to Genera.
Transverse median of hind wings short and perpendicular;
cubitus of hind wings originating beyond transverse median

Psenulus p. 658
Transverse median of hind wings long, oblique or bent near
middle; cubitus of hind wings originating before or nearly

interstitial with transverse median Psen p. 658

42

6S8 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Psenu\^s Kohl.
In America there are, as yet, no true Psenuli, but the genus is
represented by the subgenus Neofoxia Viereck, which differs
from true Psenulus in that the second cubital cell receives only
one recurrent vein or the second recurrent is interstitial with the
second transverse cubitus.

°P. (Neofoxia*) trisculcus (Fox).

This species may be found in the State. The pygidium is
broad and has large separate punctures. There is a tubercule
between the bases of the antennae. Black ; flagellum pale beneath.

Psen Latreille.
Key to Subgenera.

Second cubital cell receiving one recurrent vein, second re-
current received near base of third cubital cell; clypeus
with anterior margin depressed Psen (s. str.) p. 658

Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent veins, or second
recurrent interstitial with second transverse cubitus;

clypeus without a distinct depressed anterior margin

Mimesa p. 658

Subgenus Psen Latreille (s. str.).

°P. (Psen) monticola (Packard).
Abdomen entirely red. Tibiae and tarsi testaceous.

Subgenus Mimesa Shuckard.
Key to Species.

1. Mesoscuto-scutellar suture foveolate; scutum coarsely punc-

tate 2

Mesoscuto-scutellar suture not foveolate; scutum nearly im-
punctate or with fine scattered punctures 4

2. Petiole strongly trisulcate niger

Petiole not trisulcate, flat above, and longer 3

3. Tegulae brown; base of flagellum pale; scutum more coarsely

sculptured; flagellum of male with joints rounded out

beneath kohlii

Tegulae and flagellum black; flagellum of male simple

myersianus

4. Petiole trisulcate; abdomen black nigrescens

Petiole cylindrical; abdomen with some red 5

* It has been recently shown that this group should be called Diodonius. See Rohwer,
1915. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. vol. 49. p. 243.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 659

S. Petiole shorter than hind femora pauper

Petiole as long as hind femora cressoni

°P. (Mimesa) niger Packard.

Black; wings dusky; tarsi brownish.
°P. (M.) kohlii (Fox).

Black ; tarsi testaceous ; wings hyaline ; pygidium narrow, with
large separate punctures.

°P. (M.) myersianus Rohwer.

Similar to kohlii but smaller and more shining.
°P. (M.) nigrescens Rohwer.

Black ; flagellum beneath and tarsi testaceous ; wings hyaline ;
slender ; petiole shorter than hind femora.

P. (M.) pauper (Packard).

Black; flagellum beneath and tarsi testaceous; second and
third abdominal segments red.

Prospect, IS August, 1906 (W. E. B.).

P. (M.) cressoni (Packard).

First (beyond petiole), second, third and base of fourth
abdominal segments red; wings hyaline; flagellum beneath and
tarsi testaceous.

Salisbury, 29 August, 1904; Westville, 9 September, 1907
(W. E. B.).

OXYBELIN^.

The wasps belonging to this subfamily are easily separated
from all other Sphecoid wasps by the remarkable processes on
the dorsum of the thorax and by having the first cubital and first
discoidal cells confluent. The wasps nest in sand and provision
their nests with flies.

Key to Genera.
Process at dorsal middle of propodeum broad and deeply

emarginate at tip Notoglossa p. 660

Process at dorsal middle of propodeum spine-like, acute at

apex Oxybelos p. 659

Oxybelus Latreille.

O. quadrinotatus Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. iii,
Fig. 22.

Length about 6 mm. ; squamae curved ; abdomen shining,
sparsely punctate ; wings hyaline. For an account of the habits of

660 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST, SURVEY. [Bull.

this species see Peckham, Bull. 2, Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey, 1898, pp. 73-76. See also Parker, Proc. Entomol. Soc.
Washington, 1915, vol. 17, p. 74.

Occurs throughout the State. Has been taken in July and
August on flowers of milkweed. Many specimens from Branford,
Colebrook, New Haven, Poquonock, Prospect, Putnam, and
Scotland.

Notoglossa Dahlbom.

N. emarginata (Say).

Squamae with a sharp curved point outside of the broad basal
part ; abdomen dull, finely, rather closely punctate.

Occurs throughout the State and has been recorded from
Branford, Cheshire, East Hartford, New Haven, Poquonock,
Sachem's Head, Scotland, and West Haven, on flowers of milk-
weed and New Jersey tea. Flies from June to August.

Crabronin^.
The wasps belonging to this group are seldom more than 15
mm. in length and range from this size to 3 mm. in length. All
of the species in the eastern United States are either black or
black and yellow. The small species are usually entirely black
while the large ones are black with yellow thoracic and abdominal
markings. These insects are easily recognized by the quadrate or
subquadrate heads, and by the venation, the important parts of
which are the truncate radial cell, the presence of the cubitus at
the base and the presence of only one cubital cell. The habits
of these insects are very varied. Some nest in stems, some in
galleries in wood and others in the soil. A few of the species
use spiders to provision their nests, while some use flies ; others
use bugs ; others, aphids ; others, moths ; and one is said to use
mites. It is a curious, but suggestive, circumstance that as far as
the evidence goes the different food and nesting habits are directly
associated with the specific groups pointed out by certain writers.
This problem may be more elucidated at some future time when
the habits of these wasps are more fully known and when the
generic groups are more thoroughly understood. In the mean-
time students who have the opportunity will be doing valuable
work in recording careful observations on the habits of any
species belonging to this family.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 66l

The insects falling into the subfamily Crabronina may be
separated into two tribes by the following key.

Key to Tribes.

Abdomen depressed, flat beneath; second discoidal cell much
longer than first, acuminate at tip anacrabronini p. 66i

Abdomen seldom subdepressed, convex dorsally and ven-
trally; second discoidal cell shorter than first, usually very
much so, broadened and subtruncate at tip . .crabronini p. 66i

ANACRABRONINI.

Anacrabro Packard.

A. ocellatus Packard.

Length 6-8 mm. Black ; tubercules, line on metanotum, tips of
all the femora, tibiae and tarsi (except a black spot on the former
internally), and a large spot (sharply trunctate externally, and
more or less pointed within) on first to fifth dorsal abdominal
segments, yellow. Wings subhyaline basally, apically fuscous.
Mesoscutum and mesepisternum with strong, separate pimc-
tures. According to Dr. Barth (Bull. Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Soc,
vol. 6, pp. 147-153, Pis. 7-9), this species nests in sand banks and
provisions its nest with the bug Lygiis pratensis.

Hartford and Black Point in July (S. N. D.).

CRABRONINI.

The Nearctic species belonging to this tribe were tabulated by
Fox in a paper entitled " The Crabroninae of Boreal America,"
which appeared in the Transactions of the American Entomolog-
ical Society, vol. 22, 1895, pp. 129-226. In this paper Mr. Fox con-
sidered that all the species placed in the tribe Crabronini, as here
treated, belong to one genus. Later, in 1898, Ashmead tabulated
the genera of Sphecoidea of the world, and considered the Crab-
roninae of Fox to be a family composed of a number of sub-
families. In his paper Ashmead raised nearly all of Fox's
species groups to generic rank. In the present paper the tribe
Crabronini is considered as comprising, as far as our region is
concerned, four genera, each of which may be divided into sub-
genera, some of which occur in the State. These genera may be
separated by the following table :

662 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Key to Genera.

1. Mandibles simple, acute at apex Lindenius p. 664

Mandibles truncate, bidentate or tridentate at apex 2

2. First abdominal segment petioliform or abdomen distinctly

petiolate Rhopalum p. 664

Abdomen sessile or subsessile 3

3. Mesepimeron with a strong carina following the second

pleural suture; mesepisternum strongly sculptured with

some form of striation . ., Solenius p. 664

Mesepimeron without a strong carina; mesepisternum not
strongly sculptured, usually only punctate Crabro p. 669

The following two species are too imperfectly known to be
classified according to the above system. In the hope that they
will be rediscovered and redescribed to harmonize with our pres-
ent views of the classification of this group, the original descrip-
tions are here given.

Crabro oblongus Packard. Proceedings Entomological
Society of Philadelphia, Vol. vi, p. 88.

" Female. Closely allied to C. singularis, head of much the same
proportions, but narrows a little behind, and is throughout narrower
as the entire body is. Eyes a little nearer together; the convexity of
the vertex and the grooving of the front the same as in C. singularis.
Antennal groove well marked, polished, on each side a narrow edging
of silken pubescence; clypeus golden as in C. singularis, but the hairs
are much finer, the lateral lobes are more triangular and silvery;
mandibles black, with the middle wedge-shaped area twice grooved
towards the base, where in C, singularis it is smooth; palpi slender,
joints much longer and slenderer by one-third than in the other
species above named. Antennae as in C. singularis, scape entirely
yellow, hardly as stout, joints of flagellum a little stouter. Two
square, yellow spots on the prothorax; lateral tubercle yellow; meso-
thorax entirely black above with no yellow markings; surface of the
scutum finely striated; scutellum and metascutellum highly polished.
Propodeum much as in C. singularis, but the mesial furrow widens at
base, with similar lateral and transverse rugse; legs colored much the
same; within the hind tibiae a dark stripe. Abdomen long, sides
unusually parallel, giving it an oblong shape; with ten yellow fasciae,
those in the basal joint being simply dots, those in the second ring
much larger than the succeeding ones, not wedge-shaped, but elliptical;
beneath very convex; tip one-half as long as in C. singularis, the
enclosed triangular upper surface much longer and narrower than in
the allied species.

"Length of body, .64; head and thorax, .33; abdomen, .31 inch.
Conn. (Norton).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 663

" Differs from C. singularis in its much narrower and slenderer
body, narrower head, larger palpi, with mandibles grooved towards
insertion in the middle area; in the wholly black mesothorax, except
the yellow tubercle; and in the abdomen having an additional pair of
fasciae. The tip of the abdomen is scarcely one-half as large, of
different proportions, being longer and narrower than in C. singularis,
while the abdomen is much flattened above, where in C. singularis it is
much more convex."

Probably belongs to Solenius, and to the subgenus Lophocrabro.

C. unicus Fatten. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. xi, p. 214.

" Female. Length 5 mm. Black ; tips of mandibles, tegulae,
spurs of posterior tibiae and extreme base of the first joint of posterior
tarsi, the last joint of posterior tarsi, the tips of all the coxae and tro-
chanters and the tips of the posterior femora and tibiae, piceous.
Scape beneath, dot on first joint of flagellum, the tubercles, the four
anterior tibiae excepting a black spot beneath, and the tips of the
four anterior femora, yellow. The four anterior tarsi, excepting the
fulvous apical joint, and the base of the posterior tibiae, whitish.
Clypeus black, covered with a silvery pile; flagellum fulvous beneath.
Thorax beneath and the abdomen with short scattered pubescence.
The abdomen excepting the rufo-piceous enclosure on the sixth seg-
ment entirely black. Wings hyaline, beautifully iridescent, the
nervures and stigma blac"k. Head, thorax and abdomen smooth. The
head as wide as the thorax, and the vertex longer than wide, the front
narrow. The ocelli arranged in an equilateral triangle, each in a
separate depression; from the anterior ocellus an impressed line
extends downwards upon the face and another extends backwards
upon the vertex; on the inner orbit on the vertex is a slight groove
curving at the end to come in a line with a short oblique groove
behind each posterior ocellus. Prothorax sharply angulated beneath,
mesopleura sharply angulated beneath near the coxae. Anterior
portion of the mesonotum with four short lines which extend upon the
collar as slight notches; mesonotum with a slight groove on each
side of the disk and with a marginal row of reticulations over the
tegulae. Scutellum quadrate, connected with the mesonotum by the
broad lateral angles between which it is separated by a basal row
of large reticulations. The semi-circular area on base of metathorax
is encircled by a row of similar reticulations and divided by a deep
median groove. Similar rows of reticulations extend in a *ghtly
curved line down upon the mesopleura from the anterior wings and
others mark the lateral sutures of the metathorax. The sides of the
mesothorax beneath and the sides and posterior face of the metathorax
are finely striate; these strije curve upon the metathorax above and
are represented within the enclosure by striae of microscopic fineness.
The posterior face of the metathorax has a deep triangular median
depression above and is more coarsely rugose beneath. Area on the

664 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

sides much thickened and raised. Abdomen shorter than the rest
of the body, narrow at base, broad near the tip. The posterior tibiae
much thickened.

" New Haven, Conn., July isth.

"The elongate head and clavate abdomen give this species a very
peculiar appearance."

Lindenius LePeletier.

But one species of this interesting little genus has been found
in Connecticut.

L. errans (Fox).

Clypeus and scape posteriorly black ; hind tibiae yellow at the
base only; ocelli in a low triangle; the convexities of the dorsal
aspect of the propodeum smooth and polished ; cheeks unarmed.

Rockville, 23 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

Rhopalum Kirby.

This genus, like the preceding, is represented by only one
species within the State. Pygidium of the female narrow and
excavated for its entire length. Flagellum of the male dentate
beneath.

R. pedicellatum Packard.

Abdomen black, four anterior legs banded with black.

This species was recorded from Connecticut by Packard, and
has been taken at New Haven, 8 June, 1896 (W. E. B.).

Solenius LePeletier.
This is the Crabroninse of Ashmead. For reasons of this
change of names see the remarks under the genus Crabro (p.

669).

Key to Subgenera.

1. Anterior margin of clypeus in middle produced into a strong

truncate lobe; pygidium narrowly channeled 2

Anterior margin of clypeus rounded or dentate, never with a
strong median truncate portion 4

2. Ocelli in an equilateral triangle Clytochrysus p. 665

Ocelli in a low triangle 3

3. Abdomen coarsely punctate as are also head and thorax;

flagellum of male simple; fore tarsi slightly flattened ..

Solenius (s. str.) p. 665
Abdomen rather finely punctate as are also head and thorax;
flagellum of male with basal joints emarginate; fore tarsi
strongly flattened Ectemnius p. 666

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 665

4. Mesoscutum striato-punctate, anteriorly transversely, poste-

riorly longitudinally Lophocrabro p. 667

Mesoscutum not striato-punctate 5

5. Abdomen indistinctly punctate or impunctate Xestocrabro p. 667
Abdomen distinctly punctate 6

6. Female pygidium flat, triangular; fore tarsi of male strongly

flattened Protothyreopus p. 668

Female pygidium narrow, strongly excavated; fore tarsi of
males not or scarcely flattened Hypocrabro p. 668

Subgenus Clytochrysus Morawitz.
Only one species of this group has been recorded from Con-
necticut, but another one, according to its distribution, may occur
within the confines of the State. The following table will separate
these two species : •

Key to Species.
First joint of flagellum, in female, fully as long as three
followfing united; first and second joints of flagellum, in
male, more strongly dentate than third and fourth; fore

femora of male black and yellow obscurus

First joint of flagellum, in female, scarcely as long as three

following united; first four flagellar joints, in male, with

> teeth subequal; anterior femora of male rufous, striped

Vv'ith yellow and black nigrifrons

S. (C.) obscurus Smith.

New Haven, 8 July, 1904 (P. L. B.) ; Colebrook, 21 July, 1905
(H. L. v.).

°S. (C.) nigrifrons Cresson.

Subgenus Solenius LePeletier {s. str.).
The two species which belong to this group and occur in the
eastern United States may be separated as follows:

Key to Species.

PostericJr face of propodeum completely transversely striato-
reticulate; scape of male angulate near apex; first three
flagellar joints of male largest, so flagellum is thicker at
l)ase producticollis

Posterior face of propodeum with a strong median channel
and longitudinally striato-reticulate along it; scape and
flagellum of male normal interruptus

S. (S.) interruptus LePeletier. Howard, Insect Book, PI.
iv, Fig. 6.

666 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

This species occurs throughout the State, and has been taken
in New Haven, North Haven, Sachem's Head, Scotland, and
Stafford, in May, June, July, August, and September.

S. (S.) producticollis Packard.

New Haven, 14 August, 1906 (P. L. B.).

Subgenus Ectemnius Dahlbom.
No species of this group is known to occur in the State, but
any of the following may be found there.

Key to Species.

1. Females 2

Males 4

2. Space between eyes at clypeus shorter than length of first

two joints of flagellum; transverse depressions of prono-

tum broad and strong; scutellum finely striate corrugatus

Sf)ace between eyes at clypeus at least equal in length to first
two joints of flagellum; transverse depressions of prono-
tum narrow and not strong 3

3. Longitudinal furrow of propodeum broad and distinctly

widened in middle; pronotum margined but not strongly so

brunneipes
Longitudinal furrow of propodeum rather narrow and not
widened in middle; pronotum sharply margined montanus

4. First joint of intermediate tarsi shorter than or subequal with

three following united S

First joint of intermediate tarsi longer than three following
united 6

5. Occiput and cheeks sharply margined behind; longitudinal

furrow of propodeum rather narrow montanus

Occiput and cheeks feebly margined; longitudinal furrow
of propodeum broad brunneipes

6. Scape entirely yellow; abdomen broad, not longer than head

and thorax united; posterior face of propodeum distinctly

enclosed corrugatus

Scape partly black; abdomen elongate, longer than, head and
thorax united; posterior face of propodeum not completely
enclosed, as ridge separating it from dorsal surface is
obsolete pauper

°S. (E.) montanus Cresson.
°S. (E.) pauper Packard.
°S. (E.) brunneipes Packard.
°S. (E.) corrugatus Packard.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 66/

Lophocrabro, new subgenus.

Type : Crabro singularis Smith.

This name is proposed for the group which Ashmead con-
sidered as Crabro. Supraorbital fovese obsolete; pygidium of
the female narrowed apically and deeply channeled, with a fringe
of long, stiff, lateral hair; third antennal joint of the male much
more slender than the remaining joints; femora of the male
dentate beneath ; fore tarsi of the male flattened.

Only one species of this group occurs in the territory treated.

S. (L.) singularis Smith.

This species was later considered to be the same as maculatus
Fabricius, but the evidence is not sufficient. First joint of the
flagellum longer than the two following united ; yellow markings
of the second abdominal segment pointed inwardly; yellow
marks of the fifth segment separated.

Recorded from Connecticut by Fox.

«

Subgenus Xestocrabro Ashmead.
Key to Species.

1. Females 2

Males 3

2. Dorsal and posterior aspects of propodeum not separated by

a series of fovese; posterior face striate above; mesoscutum

closely punctate throughout sayi

Dorsal and posterior aspects of propodeum separated by a
series of strong fovese; posterior face transversely rugose;
mesoscutum with punctures separated posteriorly . .trifasciatus

3. First joint of flagellum distinctly longer than second; first

and second joints of intermediate tarsi strongly produced

within; anterior femora reddish beneath sayi

First joint of flagellum subequal in length with second; first
and second joints of intermediate tarsi scarcely produced
within; anterior femora yellow beneath trifasciatus

S. (X.) sayi Cockerell. S. sexmaculatus Say and Fox, not
Olivier.

Occurs throughout the State throughout the summer and early
fall months, and is often found visiting flowers of Cicuta
maculata. Branford, Brookfield, Colebrook, New Canaan,
Sachem's Head, and Stonington.
°S. (X.) trifasciatus Say.

668 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Subgenus Protothyreopus Ashmead.
Key to Species.

Mesoscutum very coarsely sculptured; head and thorax of
female coarsely sculptured; first joint of intermediate tarsi
of male normal, slightly longer than two following united

rufifemur

Mesoscutum not coarsely sculptured; head and thorax of
female finely sculptured; first joint of intermediate tarsi of
male strongly angular on outer margin and slightly shorter
than following two joints united bigeminus

S. (P.) rufifemur Packard.

Sachem's Head, i August, 1904; New Haven, 4 July, 1905
(H, L. v.), on New Jersey Tea.

S. (P.) bigeminus Packard.

New Haven, 26 June, 1902 (E.J.S.M.).

■ Subgenus Hypocrabro Ashmead.
As treated here this subgeneric name is used to include also
Pseudocrabro and Xyiocrabro as defined by Ashmead.

Key to Species.

1. Females 2

Males 4

2. Pygidium without a distinct lateral fringe of stiff hairs; ab-

domen never banded but with lateral spots stirpicola

Pygidium with a distinct fringe of stiff hairs 3

3. Mesoscutum with strong punctures which are separated on

posterior portion decemmaculatus

Mesoscutum closely and finely punctate throughout. . chrysargynus

4. Flagellum entire beneath decemmaculatus

Flagellum emarginate beneath 5

5. Dorsal aspect of propodeum with strong foveae laterally . .

. stirpicola
Dorsal aspect of propodeum without strong foveae laterally

chrysargynus

S. (H.) stirpicola Packard.

This species makes cells within the stems of plants which
have a large pith, and provisions these cells with various species
of flies.

New Haven, 28 July, 1898, taken as it was boring into a
cane of Japanese wineberry (W. E. B.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 669

S. (H.) decemmaculatus Say.

This species is known to prey on horse-flies. It has been
taken at New Haven, 26 July, 1902 (E. J. S. M.).

S. (H.) chrysargynus LePeletier. Howard, Insect Book.
PI. iv, Fig. 19.

Short Beach, 14 July, 1904 (P. L. B,).

Crabro Fabricius.
In 18 10 Latreille fixed, as the type of the genus Crabro, Sphex
crihraria Linnaeus. Ashmead in 1898, while tabulating the genera
of Grabroninse, overlooked this fixation by Latreille, and chose the
same species as the type of Thyreopus. This causes the group
which Ashmead called Thyreopinge to become Crabronina, and
the genus Thyreopus must fall as a synonym of Crabro.

Key to Subgenera.

1. Ocelli arranged in an obtuse triangle; abdomen marked with

yellow 2

Ocelli arranged in or nearly in an equilateral triangle; ab-
domen black -J

2. Anterior margin of clypeus with a large quadrate projection;

first recurrent vein received before apical third of first
cubital cell; antennae of male simple, not dilated; fore

tarsi of male without appendages Ssmothyreopus p. 669

Anterior margin of clypeus without a projection; first re-
current vein received at or beyond apical third of first
cubital cell; antennae of male dilated; fore tarsi of male
with an appendage Crabro p. 670

3. Supraorbital foveae sharply defined; propodeum without a

well defined circular area; pygidium narrow, foveated....

Blepharipus p. 671
Supraorbital fsveae obsolete; propodeum with a well defined
circular area; pygidium broad, flat Crossocerus p. 671

Subgenus Synothyreopus Ashmead.
The males belonging to this group are easily recognized by the
characters given in the subgeneric table. The females oflFer some
difficulty but by close study can be placed. Two species belong-
ing to this group have been taken within the State.

Key to Species.

Flagellum scarcely twice the length of scape tumidus

Flagellum much more than twice the length of scape. .. .advena

670 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

C. (S.) advena Smith.

Female : head and thorax coarsely sculptured ; dorsal aspect of
the propodeum very coarsely sculptured with strong longitudinal
or slightly oblique ridges which extend to the posterior aspect;
scape partly yellow ; postocellar line subequal with the ocellocular
line; first two abdominal segments with two yellow spots, those
of the second pointed internally. Male: cheeks armed with a
keel; clypeus yellow; tibial shield dark brown, marked with fine
yellowish lines; mesepisternum striato-punctate.

This species has been recorded from the State but definite data
are wanting.

C. (S.) tumidus Packard.

Female: head and thorax without long shaggy pubescence;
wings subhyaline; mesepisternum not striate; hind tarsi testa-
ceous ; space between the eyes at the base of the clypeus less than
the length of the second and third antennal joints. Male:
mesosternum nude ; mesepisternum finely punctate ; metano-
tum black ; fore femora yellow beneath.

Westbrook, 30 August, 1904 (H. L. V.).

Subgenus Crabro Fabricius (s. str.).

Key to Species.

1. Females r% 2

Males S

2. First transverse cubitus received before middle of radial

cell 3

First transverse cubitus received about middle of radial cell 4

3. First joint of flagellum distinctly shorter than second; lateral

margin of pronotum with a strong tooth argus

First joint of flagellum distinctly longer than second; meso-
scutum shining, finely closely punctate . . . .' aequalis

4. Dorsal aspect of propodeum very coarsely sculptured with

strong longitudinal ridges; scape black provancheri

Dorsal aspect of propodeum not coarsely sculptured, striae
incomplete and fine; clypeus and mandibles black. . .monticola

5. First joint of flagellum not broadened to meet second; tibial

shield brownish, covered with pale spots; scutellum and

metanotum black argus

First joint of flagellum broadened to meet second 6

6. First joint of flagellum not hirsute beneath; tibial shield

very large latipes

First joint of flagellum with a bunch of pale, curved hair
beneath cribrellifer

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 67I

01

'C. (C.) cribrellifer Packard.
°C. (C.) monticola Packard.
°C. (C.) provancheri Fox.
°C. (C.) latipes Smith.

C. (C.) aequalis Fox.

New Haven, 3 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

C. (C.) argus Packard.

West Haven, 27 to 29 June, 1905 (H. L. V., W. E. B.).

Subgenus Blepharipus LePeletier.

No species of this genus has yet been recorded from the State
but the following two may be looked for :

Key to Species.

Pronotum and scutellum yellow impressifrons

Thorax entirely black nigricomis

°C. (B.) impressifrons Smith.
°C. (B.) nigricornis Provancher.

Subgenus Crossocerus LePeletier.
As yet this genus has not been definitely recorded from Con-
necticut, but the following three species may be found there. The
males of the following species are not described.

Key to Species.

1. Mandibles in greatest part yellow; scutellum black; convex-

ities of dorsal aspect of propodeum opaque, with five

striations minimus

Mandibles, except apices, black 2

2. Scutellum black; basal third of intermediate tibiae yellow;

two yellow spots on pronotum sulcus

Scutellum mostly yellow; intermediate tibiae yellow exte-
riorly; a yellow band on pronotum lentus

01

'C. (C.) minimus Packard.
'C. (C.) sulcus Fox.
°C. (C.) lentus Fox.

Philanthin^.
As used here, the subfamily Philanthinae includes only the
Philanthinae of Ashmead's classification, or the genus Philanthus

672 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

and allies of other authors. The group of Cerceris is considered
to be in a different family and can easily be separated by the
characters stated in the key to families.

Key to Genera.

Inner margins of eyes not emarginate; apex of radial cell
not reaching costa Aphilanthops p. 672

Inner margins of eyes emarginate; apex of radial cell attain-
ing costa Philanthus p. 672

Aphilanthops Fatten.

This genus is represented in the State by a single species. One
of the western species is known to use ants to provision its nest.

A. frigidus (Smith).

Clypeus with the apical margin quinquedentate. First joint
of the flagellum distinctly shorter than the second and third.
Markings yellow ; pubescence white. For an account of this
species, which provisions its nests with queen ants, see Wheeler,
Jour. Anim. Behavior, 191 3, vol. 3, pp. 374-387.

Hartford, 30 July, 6 August, 1893.

Philanthus Fabricius.

The members of this genus are easily recognized by the large
subtransverse head, which is wider than the thorax. The body
is usually punctate, although in some cases sparsely so. The
markings are whitish or yellowish, with reddish legs in some
species. The wings are hyaline or subhyaline. The shape of the
eyes will easily separate this from Aphilanthops. Philanthus
has been divided by some writers, on venational characters, into
subgenera, but when species other than the genotypes are used
the variation is found to be so great that it is impossible to place
certain specimens under such subgenera satisfactorily. The
Nearctic species may be divided into groups by the primary
character of the following key. Treating these groups as sub-
genera, we would have Pseudanthophilus and Philanthus (—Epi-
philanthus and Anthophilus).

As far as known these wasps prey on bees. In Europe P.
triangularus preys on the honey-^ee, one insect being sufficient for
one cell.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 673

Key to Species.

1. Pronotum anteriorly carinated and sharply truncate; body

nearly uniformly closely, coarsely punctate ventilabris

Pronotum not carinated, anteriorly declivous; body not uni-
formly punctate, or if uniformly punctate not coarsely so. . 2

2. Abdomen with very large, usually confluent punctures, seg-

ments constricted basally and depressed apically punctatus

Abdomen at most finely punctate, segments not both con-
stricted and depressed ^

3. Flagellum tapering to thickened apex; venter with dense,

long hair .

Flagellum of nearly uniform width beyond apex of first
joint; flagellum short; venter without dense long hairs,
although with some scattered hairs 5

4. First abdominal segment without a yellow spot; third trans-

verse cubitus straight; mesoscutum with fine, rather close

punctures; length about 12 mm sanbomii

First abdominal segment with a yellow spot on each side;
third transverse cubitus sinuate; mesoscutum with fine,
widely scattered punctures; length about 8 mm dubius

5. Abdomen impunctate, first segment black, second with two

U-shaped yellow marks, the arms of the U projecting

posteriorly bilunatus

Abdomen distinctly punctate, first segment with yellow mark-
ings, second segment without such yellow marks 6

6. Dorsal aspect of propodeum uniformly sculptured, without

a large depressed area; abdomen closely, finely punctate,

first segment with a yellow band solivagus

Dorsal aspect of propodeum with a depressed median area
which is surrounded by an impunctate area; abdomen very
sparsely punctate, first segment with two pale spots, .politus

°P. (Pseudanthophilus) ventilabris Fabricius.
This species has not yet been taken in the State, but it has been
taken in other eastern states and will no doubt be found here.

P. (Philanthus) punctatus Say.

The coarsely punctate abdomen makes this species easy to
recognize. Dorsal aspect of the propodeum has a shallow de-
pressed median area ; sides of propodeum rather finely, closely
punctate; first abdominal segment black; base of the second
dorsal segment with a broad yellow band, the band on the
following segments narrow and at the apical margin. Wings
dusky.

43

674 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

According to Ashmead this species provisions its nest with
Halictus disparalis and other small Halicti. The Peckhams give
an interesting account of this species, which in brief is as follows :
The wasps of one nest live together in harmony after emerging
until the females begin to make nests, then they disband, although
the males often use the old nest for a shelter at night. The nest
is a tunnel in sandy clay, a longitudinal section being roughly L-
shaped, the shorter arm oblique, the longer one nearly parallel
with the surface. The prey is small Halicti which are stung once
(fatally) under the neck, and carried by two pairs of legs. One
nest contained twenty-six bees. The wasp never works in cloudy
weather.

Occurs throughout the State. Specimens in the Experiment
Station Collection at New Haven were taken from July to
October, in the towns of New Haven, North Haven, Prospect,
and Westbrook.

P. (P.) sanbornii Cresson.

Eyes of the male strongly converging above so they are sepa-
rated from the lateral ocelli by about the width of one of the ocelli.
Last dorsal plate of the male deeply emarginate. A large yellow
spot on the front. The second dorsal segment with two large
spots which nearly meet in the middle. Banks, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 1913, vol. ;^2, p. 423, has proposed the subgenus
Octoletes for this and five other species.

Putnam, 12 July 1905 (H. L. V.) ; New Haven, 13 July, 1904,
30 June, 1905 (W. E. B., B. H. W.) ; Waterbury (W. H. P.).

P. (P.) dubius Cresson.

Eyes of the male not strongly converging above, separated
from the lateral ocelli by a distance subequal to the length of the
postocellar line. Last dorsal segment of the male entire. Second
dorsal segment with a sinuate yellow band.

New Haven, 25 July, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Hartford, 2 July, 6
August, 1893, 10 July, 1898, on Roripa sylvestris (S. N. D.).

P. (P.) bilunatus Cresson.

Easily recognized by the markings of the second dorsal seg-
ment and by being almost entirely impunctate. Scutellum not im-
pressed. Dorsal aspect of propodeum with a shallow, depressed,
median area.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 675

North Haven, 3 August, 1905, Canterbury, 14 August, 1905
(B. H. W.) ; Hartford, 22 August, 1892 (S. N. D.).

P. (P.) solivagus Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. iii,
Fig. 31-

Easily determined by the above table. There is a yellow spot
between the bases of the antennae, the scape of which is yellow in
front. The metanotum is black. The markings are yellow.

Hartford (S. N. D.) ; Rockville (H. L. V.); Stafford
(W. E. B.) ; New Haven, 24 August, 1906, on goldenrod
(P.L.B.).

P. (P.) politus Say.

No free pale spot between the bases of the antennae ; metano-
tum pale. Markings whitish.

Poquonock, 27 June, 1905, on milkweed flower (H. L. V.).

Trypoxylonin^.

This subfamily is represented in the State by the genus
Trypoxylon only. In some other parts of the Nearctic region are
found the genus Pison and allies which belong to this subfamily.

Tr5rpoxylon Latreille.

Elongate wasps, with the abdomen narrow and longer than the
head and thorax; head transverse; inner margins of the eyes
strongly emarginate within ; radial cell of the fore wings pointed
at the apex ; one cubital and two discoidal cells sharply defined,
the second cubital and third discoidal cells indicated by darkened
lines. Black, or black marked with red.

These wasps are as a rule lazy when it comes to making a nest
of their own, and usually choose a hole made by some other insect.
The Peckhams record rubrocinctum as using holes made in the
mortar of a brick wall, holes made in a post and in straw, the open
ends of which were exposed. Other species choose nests made
by other means, but bidentatum makes its own nest in stems of
plants. Some of the species even use abandoned nests of the
mud-daubers. When the nest is made in a burrow, the cells are
separated by mud partitions, and the nest is sealed with mud.
The Peckhams found that the species they studied used spiders
only to provision their nests, but Ashmead records certain species

676 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull. '

as using aphids as food for their young. Ashmead also records
one species, T. collinum Smith, as nesting in hard sand. If all
these observations are proven to be correct, the genus will be one
of very diversified habits. For a very pleasing account of T.
albopilosum Fox and T. rubrocinctum Packard, see Peckham,
Bull. 2, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, 1898,
chapter viii, pp. 77-^7- The species of this genus are parasi-
tized by various species of Chrysididse.

Key to Species.

1. Dorsal aspect of propodeum smooth or sparsely punctate.. 2
Dorsal aspect of propodeum striate, distinctly sculptured.. 3

2. Postocellar line slightly shorter than ocellocular line; wings

dark, subviolaceous politum

Postocellar line very much longer than ocellocular line;
wings subhyaline excavatum

3. Dorsal aspect of propodeum without a median sulcus 4

Dorsal aspect of propodeum with a median sulcus; small,

opaque, black species 5

4. A strong projection between bases of antennae; abdomen in

part red tridentatum

No projection between bases of antennae; abdomen black

clavatum

5. Produced portion of clypeus truncate frigidum

Produced portion of clypeus strongly bidentate bidentatum

T. politum Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. vi. Fig. 6.

This species has usually gone under the name alhitarse
Fabricius. The male was described by Kohl under the name
neglectum. It is the largest species in the State, being about 18
mm. long. The posterior trochanters of the male are unarmed,
but the first ventral abdominal segment has a hooked process.
The habits of the species have been described by various authors,
but under the name alhitarse. The Raus have a good account of
the habits of this species in Jour. Animal Behavior, 1916, vol.
6, no. I.

Hartford, September and August.

T. excavatum Smith.

Length about 10 mm. Pubescence white, mesonotum smooth,
shining. This species is said to occur from Jamaica to the New
England States. It has been taken in the State, but no definite
localities are available. It is said to nest in stems of Syringa.

No. 22. J HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 677

T. clavatum Say.

Length about 14 mm. Pubescence white; hind tarsi partly
pale; males with a spine on the hind trochanter. According to
Ashmead this species uses the cells of Chalybion cceruleum for a
nest, and it has been observed to nest in deserted holes in boards.

Has been taken in the State in July and August. Will perhaps
be found only along the coast and in the river valleys. New
Haven, 14 July, 1904 (W. E. B.).

T. tridentatum Packard.

Length about 8 mm. Pubescence white; males without a
spine on the posterior trochanter ; front with rather large, close
punctures ; ocelli separated from the inner margin of the eye by
about their width.

This species has also been recorded from the State. Its
general distribution is more southern, however, and it may
also be restricted to the coast and river valleys.

T. frigidum Smith.

Length about 8 mm. Entirely black.

This is a northern species and has been taken at Branford,
June 1905 (H. L. v.).
°T. bidentatum Fox.

Closely allied to frigidum and has a similar distribution, so
will no doubt be found in the State.

Mellinin^.

Mellinus Fabricius.
The habits of the American species of this genus have not as
yet been worked out, but the European species, M. arvensis, nests
in sand and provisions its nest with small Diptera, including
Stomoxys calcitrans (the stable fly).

°M. bimaculatus Harris.

Not as yet taken in the State but no doubt occurs there.
Length about 9 mm. Clypeus with a low produced portion which
is sub-tridentate ; third antennal joint very little longer than the
fourth ; head and thorax finely granular, opaque ; abdomen shin-
ing; dorsal aspect of the propodeum with a U-shaped area.
Black ; inner margins of eyes, line on pronotum, two spots on the
third dorsal segment, and legs in part yellow. Wings hyaline.

678 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

SPHECINiE.

The wasps of this subfamily are very easily recognized. The
posterior orbits are usually much narrower than the diameter of
the eye. The inner margins of the eyes are parallel or subparal-
lel. The pronotum in all our species is transverse. The propo-
deum is long, with the spiracle placed about one fourth (or a
greater distance) of the length of the propodeum from the meta-
notum. The abdomen is always petiolate. In some species the
petiole is composed of the entire first and part of the second
segment, so it is very long and has given these insects the common
name " thread-waisted wasps." There are always three cubital
cells in our species. The body is usually black with yellow or
reddish markings, and is often clothed with hair. The antennae
are near the middle of the face. The clypeus is long and narrow
dorsally.

The habits of these wasps are varied. Some of them nest in
the ground, while others construct nests of mud and are often
called mud-daubers. Some of them provision their nests with
spiders, others with Lepidopterous larvae, while still others use
Orthopterous insects. For an interesting account of the habits of
certain species see the Peckhams' book on Solitary Wasps.

Key to Tribes.

1. Second and third cubital cells each receiving a recurrent

vein; propodeum without a U-shaped area on dorsal

surface chlorionini p. 6yZ

Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent veins 2

2. Propodeum without a U-shaped dorsal area sphecini p. 680

Propodeum with a U-shaped dorsal area sceliphronini p. 6&2

CHLORIONINI.

Chlorion Latreille.
According to current views there is but one genus in the tribe
Chlorionini. This genus, Chlorion, may be divided into a number
of subgenera, the following of which occur within the limits

of the State.

Key to Subgenera.

1. Second cubital cell wider than long 2

Second cubital cell longer than wide 3

2. Claws with one inner tooth Chlorion p. 679

Claws with three to six teeth Priononyx p. 679

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 679

3. Stigmatal groove wanting Isodontia p. 679

Stigmatal groove present ' Ammobia p. 680

Subgenus Chlorion Latreille (s. str.).
*C. (C.) cyaneum var. aerarium Patton.
Bronze- or purplish-blue. This beautiful form provisions its
nest with crickets.

Type locality: Plain ville, 30 August, 1871.

Subgenus Priononyx Dahlbom.
Key to Species.
Abdomen ferruginous or yellowish; male with sixth sternite

broadly excavated on apical margin bifoveolatum

Abdomen dark brown or black; sixth sternite of male simple

atratum

°C. (P.) atratum LePeletier, Howard, Insect Book, PI. v,
Fig. 20.

For notes on the habits of this species see "The Solitary
Wasps," p. 171.

C. (P.) bifoveolatum Taschenberg. Howard, Insect Book,
PI. xi, Fig. 23.

Milford (George Dimmock).

Subgenus Isodontia Patton.
Key to Species.

1. Mandibles with two teeth macrocephalum

Mandibles with three teeth 2

2. Legs black harrisi

Legs more or less yellowish aunpes

C. (I.) auripes Fernald.

This species, which has been taken at Branford, 19 September,
1904, by H. W. Winkley, is of southern distribution and will
probably be restricted to the Carolinian area of the State.
''C. (I.) macrocephalum Fox.

C. (I.) harrisi Fernald. Howard, Insect Book, PI. vii.
Fig. I.

This modest colored species will probably be found throughout
the State; at present it is only known from New Haven, 13
July, 1904 (P. L. B.), 25 July, 1905 (W. E. B.).

680 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Subgenus Ammobia Billberg.
Key to Species.

Abdomen and legs black; wings blackish pennsylvanicum

Abdomen in part and legs red or reddish; wings subhyaline

ichneumoneuni

C. (A.) ichneumoneum Linnaeus. Howard, Insect Book, PI.

V, Fig. 1 8.

For an interesting account of the habits of this species see
chapter 2 of Peckhams' " The Solitary Wasps." The nests are
provisioned with grasshoppers.

Common throughout the State, appearing in June and remain-
ing until October, when it is a conspicuous visitor of the flowers
of sumac, Clematis, Asclepias, mint and Ceanothus. Branford,
Hartford, New Haven, and Stonington.

C. (A.) pennsylvanicum Linnaeus. Howard, Insect Book,

pi. vii, Fig. 20.

This species has been taken at New Haven but probably has
a much wider distribution.

SPHECINI.

The wasps belonging to this tribe used to be, and by some
still are, designated by the name Ammophila. Unfortunately it
was necessary to sink the generic name Ammophila, and replace it
by the Linn^ean name Sphex, which had been previously \ised for
the insects treated as Chlorion, subgenus Ammobia, in this report.
The nomenclatural change is very unfortunate, but entirely
unavoidable.

Sphex Linnaeus.

This genus, as far as the forms in the region under considera-
tion are concerned, may be divided into two subgenera on char-
acters found in the abdomen. The species of North America
are being revised by Dr. H. T. Fernald and it is very likely that a
number of changes in the names will be made by this writer. In
view of this forthcoming revision, the following table is adapted
from " Synopsis of the North American Species of Ammophila,"
by A. L. Melander, with no changes or additional characters.
This will probably necessitate fewer changes to accord with
Femald's revision. The species of this genus provision their
nc"t with lepidopterous larvae and are often useful in de-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 68l

stroying injurious insects belonging to this order. An interesting
account of Sphex and her caterpillars, with a number of figures,
will be found in Chapter i of Peckham's " The Solitary Wasps."

Key to Subgenera.

Petiole of abdomen part of first segment Psammophila p. 68l

Petiole of abdomen composed of entire first and part of
second segment Sphex p. 68i

Subgenus Psammophila Dahlbom.
Key to Species.
Body black or with a faint bluish tinge; mesonotum shining,

transversely striate ' luctuosa

Abdomen partly reddish; mesonotum transversely striate;

petiole extending beyond apex of hind trochanters

violaceipennis
°S. (P.) luctuosa Smith.

This and the following species will no doubt be found within
the State, but no positive date is available of their having been
taken there.

°S. (P.) violaceipennis LePeletier.

Subgenus Sphex Linnaeus {s. str.).

So far only one species has been recorded from the State, but
many more occur there, no doubt.

Key to Species.

1. Mesonotum with complete transverse striae 2

Mesonotum punctate, smooth or incompletely transversely

striate 3

2. Pleurae with silvery spots; abdomen black abbreviata

Pleurae with elongate silvery marks; abdomen in part red;

dorsal aspect of propodeum with some oblique striae, .procera

3. Wings yellowish or fulvous; head and thorax with matted

black pubescence, a spot of golden pubescence above bases

of mid and hind coxae extrematata

Wings not yellowish, subhyaline or darker 3

4. Pleurae without pubescent markings, .extrematata var. pictipennis
Pleurae with pubescent markings 5

5. Mesonotum with appressed sericeous pubescence and erect

hairs ^

Mesonotum without appressed pubescence but with erect

hairs 7

0«

682 , CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

6. Abdomen entirely black abbreviata

Abdomen in part red arvensis

7. Thorax clothed with cinereous pubescence; dorsal aspect of

propodeum with oblique striae from a median raised line

vulgaris
Thorax without cinereous pubescence; mesonotum strigose
or very closely punctate near sides umaria

S. (S.) abbreviata Fabricius. Howard, Insect Book, PI.
vii, Fig. 9. Recorded from the State, but without definite locality.

°S. (S.) arvensis LePeletier.

'S. (S.) extrematata Cresson.

'S. (S.) extrematata var. pictipennis Walsh. Howard,
Insect Book, PI. vii, Fig. 7.

°S. (S.) procera Klug. Howard, Insect Book, PI. v. Fig. 15.

°S. (S.) umaria Klug.

S. (S.) vulgaris Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI. vii,
Fig. 5.

SCELIPHRONINI.

The members of this tribe are easily recognized by the U-
shaped area on the dorsal aspect of the propodeum. They pro-
vision their nests, which are mud cells, with spiders. The species
are common and are commonly called " mud-daubers."

Key to Genera.

Petiole scarcely longer than propodeum, metallic blue or
violaceous Chalybion p. 682

Petiole about twice length of propodeum, black and yellow,
not metallic Sceliphron p. 682

Chalybion Dahlbom.

C. caeruleum (Linnaeus). Blue Mud Wasp. Howard Insect
Book, PI. v. Fig. 22 (as genus Chlorion).

This handsome, common species occurs throughout the State.
It uses the following three species of Epeira most frequently as
food for its young : E. strix, E. vulgaris, and E. juniperi. Berlin
Branford, and New Haven.

Sceliphron Klug.

S. caementarius Drury. Mud-dauber. Howard, Insect
Book, PI. V, Fig. 14.

No. 22,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 683

At present all eastern specimens, composed of variously
marked forms, of the common black and yellow mud-dauber are
considered to belong to this species, although a number of varietal
names have been given. It occurs throughout the State. Bran-
ford, Colebrook, and New Haven.

Larking.
The insects of this subfamily nest in the ground, and provision
their nests with Orthoptera. In the field they are active and
often difficult to net. They may be separated into two tribes as
follows :

Key to Tribes.

Posterior ocelli perfect; inner margins of eyes subparallel;

pronotum trilobed dorsally lyrodini p. 683

Posterior ocelli imperfect, flattened; inner margins of eyes

strongly converging above; pronotum simple larrini p. 684

LYRODINI.
This tribe is represented in our region by only the typical
genus which may easily be recognized by the foregoing table.

Lyroda Say.
There are but three species of this genus known from the
United States, and only two of these occur in the East, the third
being known from the unique type which was collected in
Colorado. The apical abdominal segments are clothed with pile.
The female is without a tarsal comb.

Key to Species.

Wings very dark fuscous; dorsal aspect of propodeum with-
out a longitudinal carina; clypeus of male not dentate
laterally, of female bidentate triloba

Wings hyaline, apex dusky; dorsal aspect of propodeum with
a longitudinal carina; clypeus tridentate laterally subita

L. triloba Say.

This species, which is larger than the following, is easily
recognized.

Branford, 20 August, 1905 (H, W. W.).

L. subita Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. vi. Fig. 5.

This interesting, easily recognized little wasp feeds its young
from day to day with crickets of the genus Nemohius. The nest

684 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

is made in sand. The cricket is held, according to Packard, by
the clasping of the base of the antennae between the base of the
mandibles and the clypeus. The minute teeth on the clypeus pre-
vent the antennae from slipping. When protecting its nest or
when carrying prey the wasp appears nervous and agitated.

East Hartford, 9 August, 1904 (P. L. B.) ; New Haven, 14
August, 1906 (W. E. B.).

LARRINI.

These wasps are black or black and reddish and usually
clothed with fine pile, which often forms transverse bands on the
abdomen. They nest in the sand and as far as the records show
seem to prefer the grasshoppers as food for their larvae.

Key to Genera.

1. Front very strongly raised, so there is a transverse ridge

below anterior ocellus; lateral ocelli linear; pygidium with

silvery pile Notogonidea p. 684

Front not strongly raised, there being no transverse ridge
below anterior ocellus 2

2. Lateral ocelli oval or elongate oval in outline; front not

raised along inner margins of eyes; pygidium without pile

Tachysphex p. 686
Lateral ocelli larger dorsally so they appear hooked 3

3. Front slightly raised along inner margins of eyes; pygidium

without pile Larropsis p. 684

Front not raised along inner margins of eyes; pygidium
clothed with pile Tachytes p. 685

Notogonidea Rohwer.
°N. argentata (Beauvois).

Wings subliyaline, apical margin fuscous, body black; head,
thorax and legs with silvery pile as are also the apical margins of
the first to fourth dorsal abdominal segments. This common
species, though it has not as yet been taken within the State, will
surely be found there. According to Ashmead, it makes a clay
cell which it provisions with immature crickets.

Larropsis Patton.
L. distincta (Smith).

Wings subhyaline ; abdomen black or black and red. Female :
interorbital line less than the length of the second and third anten-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 685

nal joints ; lateral anterior margin of the clypeus bidentate ; first
joint of the fiagellum distinctly shorter than the second. Male:
interorbital line less than the length of the second and third
antennal joints ; first joint of the flagellum one third shorter than
the second.

Found throughout the State and has been taken on flowers of
goldenrod and Erechtites hieraci^olium.

Tachytes Panzer.
The wasps belonging to this genus are often very handsome
with their silvery or golden markings on the black body. They
nest in sand and provision their nest with grasshoppers. For an
account of one species of this genus see " The Solitary Wasps,"
p. 167. Mr. Fox in his revision of the species of this genus
divided them into two groups. All the species treated here
belong to the first group, which is characterized as follows:
" Fore coxae of male simple, the fore femora of the same sex, be-
neath at base, entire; thorax of female generally densely pubes-
cent. Appearance bee-like."

Key to Species.

1. Females 2

Males 6

2. Anterior margin of clypeus not produced into a lobe: ab-

domen black with three dorsal silver bands; longer spur
of hind tibiae subequal with the hind basitarsi; front

golden crassus

Anterior margin of clypeus produced into a large quadrate
tooth i3

3. Propodeum with a strong median sulcus, dorsally 4

Propodeum with at most a faint median sulcus, dorsally. . 5

4. Third joint of antennas subequal in length with fourth; front

and thorax with silvery gray pubescence calcaratus

Third antennal joint about one fourth longer than fourth;
dorsal aspect of propodeum granular; thorax with grayish
pubescence harpax

5. Pygidium with a coppery lustre; scutellum scarcely im-

pressed; sulcus of propodeum very wide mandibularis

Pygidium silvery, scutellum distinctly impressed; sulcus of
propodeum narrow breviventris

6. Basal joints of the flagellum not rounded out beneath; apical

joints of antennae normal; apex of femora, the tibiae and
tarsi yellow-ferruginous crassus

686 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Basal joints of antennae distinctly rounded out beneath;
apical joints normal 7

7. Median anterior margin of clypeus produced into a lobe,

which is strong but not tuberculate; dorsal aspect of pro-

podeum distinctly sulcate breviventris

Median anterior margin of clypeus not produced into a lobe 8

8. Last tergite tufted laterally with dark hair; head and thorax

with golden pubescence; third and fourth antennal joints
subequal; emargination of last sternite very narrow . .harpax
Last tergite not tufted laterally with black hair 9

9. Hind tarsi not spinose; lateral teeth of clypeus large and dis-

tinct mandibularis

Hind tarsi distinctly spinose; third antennal joint not
shorter than second; abdomen black; longer spur of hind
tibiae longer than hind basitarsi calcaratus

T. breviventris Cresson.

Rockville, 23 August, 1905 (H. L. V.)-

T. calcaratus Fox.

New Haven, 23 August, 1906 (P. L. B.).

°T. crassus Patton.
Probably confined tb the coast and river valleys of the State.

T. harpax Patton.

Recorded from the State without definite locality, but will
probably be found throughout the entire area.

°T. mandibularis Patton.
Probably the same distribution as crassus.

Tachysphex Kohl.
The species of the genus Tachysphex may be easily distin-
guished from the species belonging to the other genera which
occur in the region covered by this report, by the characters given
in the foregoing table. The species of this genus, like other
members of Larrini, are sand-loving wasps and may often be
found in abundance in some sandy place near a stream. In the
experience of the writer the species of Tachysphex visit flowers
less frequently than other members of the tribe Larrini. Only
one species has as yet been taken within the State, but a number
more will no doubt be found there when the Sphecoid fauna has
been carefully exploited.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 68?

Key to Species.

1. Females , 2

Males 6

2. Abdomen entirely red or red and black 3

Abdomen black or with only apical segments red 4

3. Dorsal aspect of the propodeum coarsely wrinkled, .quebecensis
Dorsal aspect of propodeum granular tarsatus

4. Interorbital line less than length of antennal joints three and

four united acutus

Interorbital line greater than or equal to length of third and
fourth antennal joints 5

5. Dorsal aspect of propodeum granular; usually two apical

abdominal segments red terminatus

Dorsal aspect of propodeum strongly reticulate; usually only
apical abdominal segment red apicalis

6. Abdomen red or red and black 7

Abdomen black or with the apical segments red 8

7. Interorbital line subequal in length with third and fourth

antennal joints; abdomen red; dorsal aspect of propodeum

granular tsirsatus

• Interorbital line less than length of third and fourth antennal
joints; abdomen red and black; dorsal aspect of propodeum
wrinkled quebecensis

8. Abdomen ventrally rather strongly punctate; sides of pro-

podeum coarsely striate apicalis

Abdomen ventrally finely punctate; sides of propodeum finely
striate 9

9. Front coarsely sculptured fuscus

Front rather finely sculptured terminatus

°T. acutus Patton.

T. apicalis Fox.

Poquonock, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).
'T. quebecensis Provancher.
^T. tarsatus Say.
°T. terminatus Smith.

°T. fuscus Fox.

Astatine.

The wasps belonging to this subfamily are rather small,
seldom more than 12 mm. in length. They are usually black or
black and red. The eyes of the female converge but little toward
the vertex, while the male is often holoptic. These little wasps
nest in the ground and provision their nests with Homoptera.

O'
0»

688 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

For an account of the habits of our two species see Peckham,
Bull. 2, Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., 1898, pp. 88-98.

Astata Latreille.

Key to Species.

Abdomen black unicolor

Abdomen red bicolor

A. unicolor Say.

Length about 10 mm.; third antennal joint longer than
fourth ; mesoscutum with small, well separated punctures ; dorsal
aspect of propodeum obliquely striato-reticulate ; wings hyaline,
fuscous apically.

A. bicolor Say.

Length about 9 mm. ; third antennal joint but very little longer
than fourth; dorsal aspect of propodeum reticulate; wings
hyaline.

Both of the above species have been recorded from the State
but no definite locality is known for either.

Pemphredonin^.

As treated here this subfamily includes genera which have
heretofore been widely separated.

Key to Tribes.

Eyes small, their inner margins subparallel or converging to
clypeus; head usually quadrate or subquadrate, well de-
veloped behind eyes; species shining; episternauli present
except in Spilomena; usually nest in wood pemphredonini p. 688

Eyes large, their inner margins converging to vertex; head
subtransverse, scarcely developed behind eyes; species
opaque; episternauli wanting; nest in sand. . .miscophini p. 691

pemphredonini.
Key to Genera.

1. Anterior wings with only one recurrent vein 2

Anterior wings with two recurrent veins 3

2. Abdomen with a distinct petiole; episternauli present....

Stig^us p. 689

Abdomen without a petiole; episternauli wanting

Spilomena p. 689

3. Abdomen sessile Passalocoeus p. 689

Abdomen petiolate Pemphredon p. 690

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 689

Stigmus Panzer.
The species of this genus are small, active, black wasps which
provision their nests, which are made in stems, or stumps, with
aphids. The only species found within the limits of the State
may be characterized as follows :

S. americanus Packard.

Head seen from above nearly quadrate; ocelloccipital line
three or more times as long as the postocellar line ; upper lateral
margin of the pronotum not dentate; sides of the pronotum
dentate ; pygidium subequal in length with the basal width.

New Haven, 3 July, 1904; Momaguin, 5 August, 1905 (W.
E. B.). Bred from Rhus sp., collected, New Haven, 24 January,
191 1 (A. B. C, B. H. W.). This species is preyed upon by
Omalus corriiscans.

Spilomena Shuckard.

The habits of the species of this genus are probably similar to
those of the genus Stigmus. Only one species is known to occur
in the eastern United States.

S. pusilla Say.

Black with testaceous legs.

Waterbury; Branford, 11 August, 1904 (H. L. V.).

Passalcecus Shuckard.
As far as known the species of this genus make their nests in
rotten wood, decaying bark, in the galleries of wood-boring
insects, or in hollow stems of plants, and provision the same with
aphids or other small insects. According to observations made by
Westwood, two of the European species carry the aphids used in
provisioning their nests, with their mandibles. Only one species
has as yet been found in the State.

P. annulatus Say.

Third antennal joint subequal with (female) or much shorter
than (male) the fourth; the impressed lines on the mesoscutum
strongly foveolate; antennae of the male rounded out beneath,
long, slender. Black; scape beneath, mandibles (except apices),
tubercules and male flagellum beneath, white or yellowish white;
part of femora, all the tibiae and tarsi testaceous.

44

690 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

New Haven, 26 June, 1905, on pear tree (H. L. V.). Has
been recorded as nesting in the bark of pine trees, lining its nest
with clay.

Pemphredon Latreille.

As far as known the habits of the species of the genus Pem-
phredon conform in the main with those of the genus Passalce-
cus, but according to the records known at present the members
of the former genus prefer decaying wood for places to make
their nests. They also use aphids as the food for their larvae.

The species falling in this genus may be divided into sub-
genera, but for the purpose of this paper the division is unneces-
sary for the small number of species known to occur in Con-
necticut.

Key to Species.

1. First cubital cell receiving only one recurrent vein; meso-

scutum with strong transverse wrinkles 2

First cubital cell receiving both recurrent veins 3

2. Petiole nearly as long as first two joints of hind tarsi;

anterior margin of clypeus, in female, subtruncate in mid-
dle; head of male much narrowed behind, not twice as

broad as median length concolor

Petiole subequal in length with first joint of hind tarsi;
anterior margin of clypeus, in female, angulate in middle;
head of male not much narrowed behind, fully twice as
long as median length ang^Iaris

3. Mesoscutum of female with large, very close punctures; head

of male very transverse, twice as broad as median length

inomatus
Mesoscutum of female with large, widely separated punc-
tures; head of male nearly quadrate, not nearly twice as
broad as median length tenax

P. inornatus Say.

North Haven, 3 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

P. tenax Fox.

North Haven, 3 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

°P. concolor Say.

The male of this and the following species havj the flagellum
simple, the propodeal enclosure rugose, and the clypeus with a
wide emargination.

°P. angularis Fox.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 69I

MISCOPHINI.

This tribe is represented in the eastern United States by the
genus Plenoculus.

Plenoculus Fox.

P. atlanticus Viereck.

Male: length 4.5 mm. Inner margins of the eyes distinctly
diverging below; anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, with
two widely separated teeth near the middle; median furrow
distinct; ocelli in an acute triangle, the postocellar line subequal
to the ocellocular line; antennae rather short, the third, fourth
and fifth joints subequal in length; head and thorax dull, finely
closely punctate; dorsal aspect of the propodeum finely trans-
versely striate, with a median longitudinal furrow; sides of
the propodeum obliquely striato-granular ; abdomen dull, finely
granular, the apex of the three basal segments narrowly depressed.
Black; clypeus, mandibles (except piceous apices), scape in front,
tiA>ercules, tegulae, femora beneath toward apex, and all the tibiae
and tarsi yellow. Wings hyaline, iridescent; venation brown.

Poquonock, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

BEMBECID^.

In the absence of the prepectus the wasps of this family
resemble most of the Apoidea.

The family Bembecidae of the present classification is the
Bembecidae and Stizidae of Ashmead's arrangement or the " Gat-
tungsgruppe " Bemhex of Kohl's system. The wasps belonging
to this family have a habitus of their own and are easily distin-
guished from all other wasps by the characters used in the table.
They are smooth-bodied and have a transverse head. There are
always three cubital cells, the second of which receives both the
recurrent veins and in all our species is broad on the radius.

These wasps nest in the ground and provision their nests with
Diptera or in one case Homoptera. Often they nest in colonies in
sunny, sandy places, although many of the species are solitaray in
their nesting habits and often very shy. Some of the shyer
species are very difficult to catch and offer good sport.

The family may be divided into two well defined, but allied
subfamilies. The following characters will serve to separate
these groups :

692 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Key to Subfamilies.

Labrum small, very much shorter than the dorso-ventral
length of clypeus; intermediate tibiae with two apical spurs

Stizin^ p. 692
Labrum very large, often longer than the dorso-ventral
length of clypeus; intermediate tibiae with one apical spur

Bembecin^ p. 692
Stizin^.
This subfamily is represented in the State by a single species.

Sphecius Dahlbom.

S. speciosus (Drury). Giant Sand Wasp. PI, viii, Fig. 15.
Howard, Insect Book, PI. v, Fig. 21 ; Figs. 7-12.

This is the largest Sphecoid known from the eastern United
States. It is large, robust, often more than 30 mm. long. It may
be briefly described as follows : Eyes slightly converging toward
the clypeus ; facial quadrangle narrow, at the antennae the width
is not as great as the diameter of the eye at the same place; ocelli
in a low triangle, the anterior one the largest ; flagellum thickened
apically; posterior calcaria flat, the longer one strongly curved.
Black; clypeus, a spot above labrum, mandibles (except piceous
apices), scape, spot on inner orbits, line on pronotum, tubercules,
and spots on the first three abdominal segments, yellow ; scutellum,
and mesoscutum sometimes, rufous ; wings yellowish hyaline, ven-
ation ferruginous.

This species has often been called " the Cicada-killer " be-
cause it preys on Cicadae. Ashmead records it as provisioning its
nest, which is in sand, with the following: Cicada dorsata, C.
tihicen and C marginata. The original account of the habits of
this interesting species was published by Riley in " Insect Life,"
Vol. 4, p. 248,- Figs. 32-38.

On record from New Haven, August, 1905, and has been
taken by F. Knab at Milford on 15 August, 1900. The species is
sometimes very common locally, and often plays an important
role in the reduction of Cicadae. Other species of this genus
occur in the Western States.

Bembecin^.

Key to Genera

I. Mandibles simple; maxillary palpi 3-jointed, labial palpi l-

jointed Microbembex p. 693

Mandibles armed with a tooth within; palpi different 2

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 693

2. Propodeum emarginate posteriorly Bembidula p. 693

Propodeum not emarginate posteriorly, straight or convex.. 3

3. Anterior ocellus round or reniform; maxillary palpi 6-jointed,

labial palpi 4-jointed Stictia

Anterior ocellus linear; maxillary palpi 4-jointed, labial palpi
2-iointed Bembex p. 694

Microbembex Patton.

M. monodonta (Say).

Under this name a number of distinct forms have been
grouped. The species has been recorded from the State and has
been taken in July and August. At present it is impossible to
tell to which form the record applies. The true monodonta is
black with greenish-white markings ; the pleurae black, and meso-
scutum also ; the wings are slightly dusky.

Nothing has been published on the habits of these wasps.
Some of the western forms appear to nest in colonies, while it
seems probable that the eastern monodonta, nests singly or in
very small colonies.

Bembidula Burmeister.

This genus is readily separated from the other genera of Bem-
becinae by the emarginate propodeum. The maxillary palpi are
6-jointed, the labial palpi 4-jointed. The anterior ocellus is linear
or transverse and curved. The habits of our species have as yet
not been worked out.

Key to Species.
Length about 18 mm.; metanotum black; abdominal spots

mudh wider at the sides quadrifasciata

Length about 14 mm.; metanotum with yellow spots; ab-
dominal spots not, or but very slightly, wider at sides . . .

ventralis

°B. quadrifasciata Say.

Last dorsal abdominal segment of the female is ridged later-
ally ; intermediate femora of the male simple.

This species is widely distributed and should occur in the
State.

B. ventralis Say.

Last dorsal abdominal segment of the female is not ridged
laterally ; the intermediate femora of the male are produced into a
tooth beneath.

694 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

This species is rather common locally. It has been taken at
New Haven and Salisbury in July and August.

Bembex Fabricius.

B. spinolae LePeletier. PI. x, Fig. 4; Howard, Insect Book,
PI. i, Fig. 24.

Length about 16 mm. Labrum not depressed basally ; in the
male the intermediate tarsi are longer than their tibiae, and the
seventh ventral segment is normal. Black; clypeus, spot above,
labrum, mandibles (except piceous apices), scape in front, spot
on inner orbits, line on pronotum, tubercules, tegulse, and legs
below the middle of the femora, yellow ; bands on the dorsal
abdominal segments (slightly interrupted in the middle of the first
segfment, and wavy on the following segments) greenish-white;
wings clear hyaline, venation pale brown. For an interesting
account of the habits of this species see Chapter vi of Peckham's
" Solitary Wasps."

New Haven (W. E. B., B. H. W.) ; Plainfield, 14 August,
1905 (B. H. W.) ; Poquonock, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

cercerid;e.

The species belonging to this family have usually been placed
with the Philanthinse. Dr. Ashmead separated them as a
distinct subfamily, but left them close to Philanthiis. The
absence of the prepectus in Cerceris easily separates it from
Philanthus or any of the Philanthinae. In the thorax, especially
the mesothorax, Cerceris recalls bees of the genus Nomada.

The wasps belonging to the genus Cerceris make solitary nests
in the ground which they provision with beetles. Some of the
American species are known to prey on injurious weevils and are
therefore beneficial. According to the Peckhams, the species of
Cerceris are very shy, and difficult to study. For an interesting
account of the habits of three of our species the reader is referred
to Chapter xi, " Some Grave Diggers," of Peckham's " The
Solitary Wasps."

Mr. Nathan Banks has recently tabulated the species of the
eastern United States and described a number of new ones. The
following table is adapted from the one given by Mr. Banks.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 695

Cerceris Latreille.
Key to Species.

1. Males 2

Females 9

2. Hind femora pale at base and black at apex 3

Hind femora black, pale, or black at base and pale at apex 6

3. Propodeal enclosure broad, almost entirely smooth; lateral

spots on first segment of abdomen; clypeus swollen out

transversely above middle fasciola

Propodeal enclosure striate 4

4. Clypeus flat, broadly truncate in front, with a transverse de-

pression before apex; face only slightly hairy; first dorsal
abdominal segment with spots; last ventral segment only

slightly emarginate at tip deserta

Clypeus convex, rather rounded below and with no trans-
verse depression before apex 5

5. Enclosure finely evenly striate; abdomen very slender, first

segment narrow; usually but four or five teeth above on

hind tibia imitatoria

Enclosure more coarsely striate; abdomen broader, more
coarsely punctate; six to eight teeth above on hind tibia

clypeata

6. Scutellum not pale, but metanotum yellow; wings black....

fumipennis

Scutellum marked with pale; wings hyaline or subhyaline.. 7

7. A tooth or a ridge on each side of mesosternum; hind

femora black ; no stripes on propodeum compar

No tooth or ridge on mesosternum

8 Metanotum black; apical joint of antennae longer than pre- _

ceding, and concave within at tip robertsom

Metanotum yellow; apical joint of antenna subequal with

compacta

precedmg , . ..

9. Clypeus more or less swollen, but without an elevation with a

free apical edge 1 ; • ; • ; ." " '

Clypeus with an elevation or process which has a free apical ^^

edge /•

10. Wings black; abdomen with exception of second ^^^--^.^^^^^

part) black .' " " , ,

Wings subhyaline; abdominal segments with ^^^^^^^^^

n. Clypeal process erect and as long as broad. clypeata

Clypeal process broader than long or not erect 2

12 A lamella from tip of clypeal process...,. J

No lamella from tip of clypeal process • • • ^

,3. crypeaT .an,en. sn^aU, not half .he wid.h of .he process^^^^

696 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

^

Clypeal lamellae large, extending nearly the entire width of
the process compacta

14. Scutellum yellow; clypeal process small compar

Scutellum black; metanotum yellow 15

15. Yellow spot on base of mandibles; clypeal process broad,

emarginate interiorly; hind femora black apically ....fasciola
Mandibles black 16

16. Clypeal process deeply emarginate, angles strongly produced;

propodeal enclosure finely striate; spots on first tergite

connate dentifrons

Clypeal process not or only slightly emarginate apically.... 17

17. Clypeal process not emarginate; stigma yellowish; propodeal

enclosure mostly smooth deserta

Clypeal process slightly emarginate; stigma brown, propodeal
enclosure finely striate arelate

°C. arelate Banks.

This species has been taken in New Hampshire and Virginia
and will probably be found within the region covered by this
report.

C. clypeata Dahlbom. Howard, Insect Book, PI. i. Fig. 14.
Has been taken at Branford, New Haven, and Hartford from
June to August.

°C. compacta Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI. iii. Fig. 34.

C. compar Cresson.

Occurs throughout the State and has been taken in New
Haven on flowers of New Jersey tea and in Scotland on Spircca
salicifolia; also, Putnam, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

C. dentifrons Cresson.

Hartford, 15 September, 1895 (S. N. D.) ; Stonington, 26
July, 1906 (J. A. Hyslop) ; Lyme, 28 August, 1910 (A. B. C).

C. deserta Say.

New Haven, 27 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.), 16 August, 1904
(B. H. W.) ; 14 August, 1906 (P. L. B.).

C. fasciola Cresson.

Rockville, 23 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

C. fulvipediculata Schletterer. C. fulvipes Cresson.

Hartford, 3 September, 1892, New Haven (S. N. D.), 16
August, 1904 (B. H. W.).

°C. fumipennis Say

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 697

C. imitatoria Schletterer. C. imitator Cresson.

Occurs throughout the State, and has been taken at New
Haven, Colebrook, Putnam, Scotland and Thompson, in June
and July.

C. robertsoni Fox.

Hartford, 30 July, 1893 (S. N. D.).

698 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

APOIDEA.*

To this superfamily belong insects like the honey-bee, the
habits of which are quite diverse, as can be seen by a perusal of
the remarks under the family headings in the following pages.

Key to Families.

I. Females and most males with a flat triangular area on

apical dorsal abdominal segment 2

Females and most males without a flat triangular area on

apical dorsal abdominal segment lO

a. Clypeus hardly protuberant, and mandibles not commonly
beveled; labrum concealed except at base, and provided
with a basal process or raised area; posterior angle of man-
dible not in front of posterior margin of eye; metathorax
produced beyond postscutel, in profile at least strongly
convex, usually with a posterior and a dorsal space; tongue
acute, flat, rarely filiform; labial palpi with first joint vary-
ing in size and shape but with second, third, and fourth
joints simple 3

Clypeus protuberant, or mandibles beveled so as to show all
of labrum or a great portion of it; labrum large, without
a basal process; posterior angle of mandible before pos-
terior line of eye; thorax in profile declining beyond scutel;
postscutel on posterior face of thorax, metathorax at
most a little convex; tongue filiform; first and second
joints of labial palpi flat 7

3. Labrum not free from mandibles and not as large as clypeus 4
Labrum free from mandibles and as large as clypeus

DUFOUREID^ p. 720

4. Hind metatarsus invariably narrower than tibia 5

Hind tibia and metatarsus of equal breadth

MACROPID^ p. 720

5. Marginal cell acute toward front edge of wing 6

Marginal cell truncate toward front edge of wing

PANURGID^ p. 721

6. Basal vein forming more or less perfectly an arc of a circle;

face with no pubescent depressions or fovege

HALICTID^ p. 699

•The classification here adopted is a modification of Charles Robertson's admirable
classification of the bees of Carlinville, Illinois.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 699

Basal vein forming a more or less perfectly straight line;
face with pubescent depressions or foveae, at least in
female ANDRENID^ p. 709

7. First portion of subdiscoidal vein distinctly longer than third

portion of discoidal vein 8

First portion of subdiscoidal vein shorter than third portion
of discoidal vein NOMADID^E p. 722

8. Marginal cell bent away from costal vein 9

Marginal cell not bent away from costal vein

ANTHOPHORIDvE p. 735

9. Vertex crested EUCERID.^ p. 730

Vertex not crested EMPHORID^ p. 734

10. Second recurrent vein bent or directed outward before join-

ing first portion of subdiscoidal vein; tongue flat, bilobed;

depressions or foveae on face 1 1

Second recurrent vein never strongly bent or directed out-
ward before joining first portion of subdiscoidal vein;
tongue filiform; no depressions or foveae on face 12

11. Wings with two closed submarginal cells; black with yellow

markings U.Y'LM.IDM p. 737

Wings with three closed submarginal cells; black without
yellow markings COLLETID^ p. 739

12. Wings with two submarginal cells 13

Wings with three submarginal cells 14

13. Claws cleft, inner tooth subapical STELIDID^ p. 741

Claws simple, or in some species with a basal tooth

MEGACHILID^ p. 74i

14. Apex of sixth dorsal abdominal segment in female with a

spine 15

Apex of sixth dorsal abdominal segment in female without
a spine; first submarginal cell shorter than second; cheek
or malar space distinct APID^E p. 754

15. First submarginal cell longer than second, and as long as

third CERATINID^ p. 753

First submarginal cell shorter than second

XYLOCOPID^ p. 753

HALICTID^.
To this division of bees belong what are known as sweat-bees.
They range in color from stramineous to black, and some have
metallic blue, green, brassy, or coppery hues ; others have more or
less red or yellow in the ground color or markings. In size each
species is quite constant within certain limits. The largest species
is hardly more than 12 mm. in length, and the smallest scarcely
less than 5 mm.

700 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Key to Genera.

Fetnales,

1. Veins of front wings, beyond first recurrent vein, not obsoles-

cent, but distinct like other veins 2

Veins of front wings, beyond first recurrent vein, obsolescent

Hadictus p. 700

2. Labrum flat, ciliate; rima on fifth abdominal segment absent

Sphecodes p. 708
Labrum produced at apex, laterally compressed, pectinate;
rima present Halictus p. 700

Males.

1. Abdominal segments without apical pubescent fasciae 2

y Abdominal segments with apical pubescent fasciae

Halictus p. 700

2. Head and thorax black 3

Head and thorax not black Halictus p. 700

3. Clypeus black, rather densely pubescent Sphecodes p. 708

Clypeus with a yellowish mark anteriorly, or black and thinly

pubescent Halictus p. 700

Halictus Latreille.
Key to Species.

Females.

1. Veins of fore wing beyond first recurrent vein distinct like

other veins; labrum produced at apex and laterally com-
pressed, pectinate; rima present on fifth abdominal seg-
ment 2

Veins of fore wing beyond first recurrent vein, or some of
them, obsolescent 5

2. Bright golden green; segments of abdomen with basal pubes-

cent fasciae or without fasciae 3

Black or dull greenish; segments of abdomen with apical
pubescent fasciae °

3. Propodeum not truncate along posterior margin or subquad-

rately truncate 4

Propodeum circularly truncate along posterior margin 10

4. Hind spur of hind tibia finely serrate; hind knee-plate present 12
Hind spur of hind tibia with four to six teeth; hind knee-
plate absent; second abdominal segment shining, sparsely
punctate, hardly ciliate viridissimus

5. Fore wings with second cubital vein absent or obsolescent.. 6
Fore wings with second cubital vein neither absent nor ob-
solescent; propodeum rounded posteriorly, without a
distinct posterior face; clypeus produced, mesonotum and
propodeum smooth and lusterless coriaceus

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 70I

6. Dull greenish or bluish; second cubital vein present 7

Black ^

14

7. Mandibles dentate; cheeks rounded behind lo

Mandibles simple; cheeks with a rounded angle behind, a

little above middle of eye cephalicus

8. Black, sometimes inclining to reddish; hind spur of hind

tibiae with about six to eight teeth o

Dull greenish; hind spur of hind tibiae with four or five teeth

provancheri

9. Cheek produced into a strong tooth-like angle posteriorly

ligatus

Cheek rounded, not so produced lerouxi

ID. Abdomen green; mesonotum with practically all of its punc-
tures of the same size 1 1

Abdomen black virescens

11. Propodeum strongly rugose longitudinally, without an en-

closure radiatus

Propodeum coarsely reticulated, with a finely rugose tri-
angular space where joined to thorax proper splendens

12. Sides of mesonotum reticulated 13

Sides of mesonotum not reticulated purus

13. Larger, greener; antennae, tegulae and legs darker; hind

tibiae mostly dark, blackish confusus

Smaller, more brassy; antennae, tegula and legs paler; hind
tibiae almost entirely stramineous persimilis

14. Abdomen without, or with interrupted, pubescent fasciae.... 15
Abdomen with continuous pubescent fasciae; hind spur of hind

tibiae with four or five distinct teeth 16

15. Propodeum sharply truncate along its rear margin; hind spur

of hind tibiae with long distinct teeth; first abdominal seg-
ment not punctate truncatus

Propodeum slightly rounded along its rear margin; hind
spur of hind tibiae with less distinct, more oblique, and
sharper teeth than in truncatus; first abdominal segment
finely punctate arcuatus

16. Propodeum without an enclosed space 17

Propodeum with an enclosed space 18

17. Propodeum densely pubescent; enclosure bare and sub-

triangular nelumbonis

Propodeum bare or nearly so; enclosure semicircular, .pectoralis

18. White pubescent patches on each side of second, third, and

fourth abdominal segments quadrimaculatus

No white pubescent patches on abdominal segments foxi

19. Tegulae punctate 20

Tegulae not punctate 21

702 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

20. Propodeum sharply truncate behind and with a sharp edge;

wing whitish nymphaearum

Propodeum hardly truncate, with a blunt edge tegularis

21. Abdomen not metallic 25

Abdomen metallic, greenish or bluish 27

22. Mesonotum shining; head not distinctly longer than broad.. 23
Mesonotum lusterless; head distinctly longer then broad 24

23. Dark blue cseruleus

Brassy green zephyrus

24. Wings and pubescence yellowish „ pilosus

Wings and pubescence whitish pruinosus

25. Mesonotum rather coarsely punctate 26

Mesonotum rather finely punctate; head hardly longer than

broad 27

26. Wings and veins whitish albipennis

Wings and veins not whitish cressoni

27. Abdomen dark 28

Abdomen yellowish stramineous vierccki

28. Abdomen more oval, more densely pubescent, the hairs less

appressed; upper surface of propodeum not bordered by a

raised line 29

Abdomen obovate; first and second segments shining, third,
fourth, and fifth covered with sparse, closely appressed
hairs sparsus

29. Abdomen blacker; third, fourth, and fifth dorsal abdominal

segments less pubescent; raised lines of upper surface of
propodeum not reaching rear margin but falling far short

thereof obscurus

Abdomen brown; third, fourth, and fifth dorsal abdominal
segments closely pubescent versatus

Males.

1. Abdominal segments without apical pubescent fasciae 2

Abdominal segments with apical pubescent fasciae 8

2. Head and thorax neither dull greenish nor bluish 3

Head and thorax dull greenish or bluish; fourth antennal joint

as long as second and third combined, or nearly so; second
cubital vein present 7

3. Head and thorax bright golden green 5

Head and thorax black; clypeus anteriorly with a yellowish

mark, or black and thinly pubescent 4

4. Fourth antennal joint slightly shorter than second and third

together; face subquadrate, apex of one mandible reaching

to base of its fellow; tarsi dark coriaceus

Fourth antennal joint longer than second and third together,
or only slightly longer than third 14

5. Abdomen colored like head and thorax 6

Abdomen black with yellow bands 10

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 703

6. Ventral abdominal segments not rigid or retracted, dark,

except sometimes middle ones; tibiae pale, at least at base

and apex 12

First three ventral abdominal segments rigid, bright green,
others dark, retracted; tibiae green; second abdominal seg-
ment shining, sparsely punctate, hardly ciliate . . . virdissimus

7. Clypeus convex ig

Clypeus flat cephalicus

8. Body black; femora black g

Body dull greenish; legs yellow ~ provancheri

9. Flagel entirely black lerouxi

Flagel black above, yellow beneath ligatus

10. Abdomen with six yellow Bands li

Abdomen with five yellow bands; fourth ventral abdominal

segment entire virescens

11. Hind metatarsi carinate; base of abdomen reddish in middle

splendens
Hind metatarsi not carinate; base of abdomen black in middle

radiatus

12. Fourth ventral abdominal segment emarginate, not greenish 13
Fourth ventral abdominal segment not emarginate, greenish

purus

13. Body green, tibiae mostly dark confusus

Body brassy, tibiae almost entirely stramineous persimilis

14. Fourth antennal joint hardly longer than third IS

Fourth antennal joint longer than second and third com-
bined 17

15. Anterior portion of clypeus dark; legs entirely dark 16

Anterior portion of clypeus whitish; legs partly whitish....

quadrimaculatus

16. Propodeal enclosure semicircular pectoralis

Propodeal enclosure triangular nelumbonis

17. Propodeum coarsely rugose 18

Propodeam finely rugose foxi

18. First dorsal abdominal segment distinctly punctate arcuatus

First dorsal abdominal segment almost impunctate. . . .truncatus

19. Tegulae punctate 20

Tegulas not punctate 21

20. Propocleal enclosure semicircular; wings whitish. .n3miphaearum
Propodeal enclosure wanting; wings not whitish tegularis

21. Abdomen greenish or bluish 22

Abdomen neither greenish nor bluish 26

22. Mesonotum finely rugose, not shining, closely punctate.. 23
Mesonotum smooth and shining, finely and sparsely punctate;

facial line hardly longer than transfacial line 25

23. Facial line much longer than transfacial line; apex of clypeus

usually yellowish; abdomen distinctly greenish 24

704 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Facial line slightly longer than transfacial line; clypeus not
yellowish; abdomen with only a slight greenish tinge..

versatus

24. Pubescence above and veins and stigma yellowish pilosus

Pubescence above and veins and stigma whitish pruinosus

25. Dark blue caeruleus

Greenish zephyrus

26. Abdomen not stramineous; tibiae black except often at base

and apex; sides of propodeum and pleaurae not distinctly
punctate; facial line not or hardly longer than transfacial

3ine 27

Abdomen and tibiae almost entirely stramineous vierecki

27. Mesonotum coarsely punctate 28

Mesonotum finely punctate 29

28. Wings whitish, veins and stigma whitish albipennis

Wings not whitish; propodeum coarsely reticulated, semi-
circular enclosure bordered by a sharp edge cressoni

29. Mesonotum not shining 30

Mesonotum shining sparsus

30. Veins and stigma dark obscurus

Veins and stigma pale versatus

H. (Halictus) provancheri Dalla Torre.

Occurs throughout the State, and has been taken at New
Haven, Poquonock, Sachem's Head, Scotland, and Stonington,
in May, June, July, August, and October. Visits the flovi^ers of
New Jersey tea (Ceanothiis americanus) and goldenrod
(Solidago), quince, and strawberry.

H. (H.) ligatus Say.

Has been taken in Branford, Milldale, New Haven, Prospect,
Sachem's Head, Salisbury, and Scotland, in May, June, July,
August, and October. Visits goldenrod jflowers, etc.

H. (H.) lerouxi LePeletier. PI. x, Fig. 7; Howard, Insect
Book, PI. iii, Fig. 6.

This species has been taken near the coast at Branford, New
Haven, Sachem's Head, and Westbrook, in May, June, and July,
and at Prospect in August. Visits gooseberry flowers.

H. (Agapostemon) virescens Fabricius. H. viridulus
Authors.

Occurs all over the State, and has been taken at Branford,
New Haven, North Haven, Mt. Carmel, and Prospect, in June,
August, and October.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 705

H. (A.) radiatus Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. iii, Fig. ii.

This species may be found everywhere in the State, and has
been taken at Branford, New Haven, Mt. Carmel, and Stafford,
in May, June, July, and August. It visits the flowers of golden-
rod. New Jersey tea, etc.

H. (A.) splendens LePeletier. Howard, Insect Book, PI.
iii, Fig. 14.

This species occurs probably only in the Carolinian region of
Connecticut.

H. (Augochlora) viridissimus Viereck.

Occurs throughout the State and has been taken in June and
August visiting flowers of milkweed and sumac (Rhus glabra).
Branford, 12 August, 1904; Poquonock, 27 June, 1905
(H. L. v.).

H. (Oxystoglossa) purus (Say). Augochlora pura Say.
Branford, 22 August, 1904 (H. W. W.).

H. (O.) confusus (Robertson).
Branford, 22 August, 1904 (H.W.W.).

H. (O.) persimilis Viereck. H. similis Robertson, not
Smith.

First record for Connecticut, New Haven, 7 May, 1904
(H.L.V.), visiting flowers of sweet cherry, Japan plum, black
currant and gooseberry.

H. (Lasioglossum) coriaceus Smith.

Occurs throughout the State and has been taken in Branford,
Colebrook, New Haven, Stonington, and Westbrook, in May,
June, July, and August.

H. (Evylaeus) truncatus Robertson.

Generally distributed throughout the commonwealth, and has
been taken in Branford, Colebrook, New Haven, Rockville. and
Scotland, in May, July, and August; visits flowers of Cicuta
maculata, black currant and Japan plum.

H. (E.) arcuatus Robertson.

Occurs throughout the State, and has been taken at New
Haven, Prospect, Stonington, and Torrington, in May, June, July,
and August. It visits the flowers of the goldenrod, gooseberry,
black currant, Japan plum and Prunns avium.
■ 45

706 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST, SURVEY. [Bull.

°H. (E.) nelumbonis Robertson.

H. (E.) pectoralis Smith.

Is a species that has been seen only at Colebrook, where the
writer captured a specimen visiting the flowers of Cicuta macu-
lata, 21 July, 1905.

H. (E.) quadrimaculatus Robertson.

Can be found all over Connecticut and has been taken at Bran-
ford, Mt. Carmel, New Haven, Sachem's Head, and Scotland,
in May, June, and August.

H. (E.) foxi Robertson.

First record for Connecticut, Sachem's Head, Guilford, i
August, 1904 (H. L. v.). ,

H. (Chloralictus) nymphaearum Robertson.

Has been taken at Branford, Elast Hartford, New Haven,
North Haven, Orange, Putnam, Sachem's Head, Salisbury, Say-
brook, and Scotland in June, July, and August. It visits the
flowers of goldenrod.

H. (C.) tcgularis Robertson.

First record from Connecticut, New Haven, 22 May, 1905
(B. H. W.).

H. (C.) pilosus Smith.

Occurs throughout the State, and has been taken at Branford,

Canterbury, East Hartford, New Haven, Putnam, Sachem's

Head, Salisbury, Scotland, and Stonington, in May, July, and

August. It visits the flowers of the gooseberry and sweet cherry.

°H. (C.) pruinosus Robertson.

H. (C.) caeruleus Robertson.

Has not been taken outside of the Carolinian region of the
State. New Haven, 16 October, 1903, Branford, 11 August, 1904
(H. L. V.) ; East Hartford, 9 August, 1904 (B. H. W.).

H. (C.) zephyrus Smith.

Is on record from localities representing the entire State, and
has been captured at Branford, East Hartford, New Haven,
Putnam, Sachem's Head, and West Hartford, in May, June, July,
and August. It visits the flowers of the red currant, black
currant, sweet cherry, and apple, and is of economic importance

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 707

because like others of its congeners it causes fruit to set by
transmitting pollen from flower to flower in its quest after pollen
and nectar.

H. (C.) albipennis Robertson.

First record from Connecticut, New Haven, 17 Tune. lOO";
(H. L. v.). ^^

H. (C.) cressoni Robertson.

Is on record from localities representing the entire State, and
has been taken at Branford, New Haven, Putnam, and Scotland,
in June, July, August, and September.

H. (C.) vierecki Crawford.

New Haven, 24 May 1904, 25 July 1905 (W.E.B.) ; Putnam,
12 July, 1905 (H.L.V.).

H. (C.) sparsus Robertson.

Occurs all over the State, and has been taken at Branford,
Brookfield, Cheshire, New Haven, Poquonock, Prospect, Putnam,
Sachem's Head, Scotland, Stonington, and West Hartford, from
May until September. It is one of the most common visitors
of the early spring fruit blossoms, visiting in Connecticut
especially the gooseberry (in great numbers), black currant,
Japan plum (in great numbers), Prunus avium, peach, apple,
pear, and quince.

H. (C.) obscurus Robertson.

The first Connecticut records for this species are as follows :
— Branford, 3, 11, 22 August, 1904, and (collected from peach
blossoms) II May, 1905 (H. W. W.).

H. (C.) versatus Robertson.

Occurs all over the commonwealth, and has been taken at
Branford, Cheshire, Milldale, New Haven, Oxford, Pomfret,
Sachem's Head, and Scotland, from May until November. It
visits strawberry flowers.

H. (Paralictus) cephalicus Robertson.

Thus far only the female of this species has been recognized.
The first Connecticut record for the species is New Haven, 10
May, 1904 (H. L. V.).

708 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Sphecodes Latreille.

The bees of this genus are parasitic upon species of Halictus.
In addition to the head and thorax, the abdomen is in some species
black, though usually more or less red in the female.

Key to Species.

Females.

1. Mandibles rufous, base usually largely black 2

Mandibles yellowish or reddish, with tip darker; flagel, tibiae,

and tarsi dark; enclosure distinct, coarsely reticulated;
labrum entire mandibularis

2. Mandibles dentate; labrum not notched; fourth joint of

antennae equals or nearly equals second or third 3

Mandibles simple; labrum notched confertus

3. Vertex without a tubercle 4

Vertex with a distinct tubercle; mesonotum closely and

coarsely punctate; abdomen finely and sparsely punctate;
fourth and fifth segments of abdomen black, remainder
red heraclei

4. Abdomen, or at least first dorsal segment thereof, impunctate

or nearly so; mesonotum not sulcate; abdomen entirely

red minor

Abdomen rather evenly, coarsely, and distinctly punctate,
fifth segment of abdomen blackish, remaining part of ab-
domen red arvensis

Males.

1. Fourth antennal joint about equal in length to second and

third combined 2

Fourth antennal joint hardly longer than third; scutel
sparsely punctate and shining; abdomen more or less
reddish mandibularis

2. Third antennal joint twice as long as second; flagel notched

beneath near apex; mandibles red; abdomen black, with

seventh dorsal segment red, at least at apex confertus

Third antennal joint not twice as long as second; fourth to
thirteenth joints of flagel notched beneath and presenting
distinct facets; abdomen entirely black; vertex without
a tubercle; mesonotum with distinct punctures; abdomen
not shining, closely punctate and closely pubescent . .arvensis

S. (Drepanium) arvensis Patton.

This species has been taken at Colebrook, New^ Haven,
Rockville, Sachem's Head, Scotland, Stafford, and West Haven,
in May, June, July, and August, either at random or visiting

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

709

flowers of golden-rod, sunflower, parsnip, and common meadow-
sweet.

S. (D.) confertus Say. S. falcifer Patton.

S. (Sphecodes) minor Robertson.

Only the female of this species is known, so right here is an
opportunity for original research.

Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.), on golden-rod
(Solidago).

°S. (S.) heraclei Robertson.

S. (Sphecodium) mandibularis Cresson. 5". cressoni
Robertson.

Occurs in all parts of the State, and has been taken at Bran-
ford, Colebrook, New Haven, and Stafford, in June, July, and
August, visiting flowers of golden-rod (Solidago), New Jersey
tea (Ceanothus americanus), and common day-lily (Hemerocallis
fulva).

ANDRENID^.
Andrena Fabricius.

These are short-tongued burrowing bees ranging in size from
6 mm, to 15 mm. In color they are black, with a few exceptions,
which are reddish, brownish, or with a metallic tinge. In this
genus, as in the genus Halictus, there are species of inestimable
value to man on account of their habit of pollenizing the blossoms
of our most important fruits such as the apple, cherry, plum, and
others.

Key to Species.*

Females.

1. Facial line as long as or shorter than transfacial line 2

Facial line distinctly longer than transfacial line; fovea ex-
tending below antennal line; pubescence pale; anal fimbria
brown bradleyi

2. Abdomen with second dorsal segment impressed less than

one-half distance from base to apex 3

Abdomen with second dorsal segment impressed one-half
or more than one-half 15

3. First joint of flagel shorter than next two joints combined.. 4
First joint of flagel as long as or longer than next two joints

combined 6

♦Published by the author in Entomological News, Vol. xviii, p. 280, July. 1907.
Reproduced here with slight changes.

710 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

4. Clypeal punctures not adjoining; facial fovea more than one-

half as wide as distance between ey® and lateral ocellus
and extending below antennal line; wings dark brownish;

pubescence whitish 5

Clypeal punctures adjoining or apparently so daeckei

5. Enclosure closely wrinkled crataegi

Enclosure with several widely separated striae. .. .alleghaniensis

6. Facial foveae not separated from eye margin by a narrow

space, only a shining line intervening in some species 7

Facial foveae separated from eye margin by a narrow space;
facial fovea more than one-half as wide as distance be-
tween eye and lateral ocellus; facial foveae extending
below antennal line; hairs of outer side of hind tibiae
simple; wings with three submarginal cells 20

7. Facial foveae one-half or less than one-half as wide as dis-

tance between eye and lateral ocellus 1 1

Facial foveae more than one-half as wide as distance between
eye and lateral ocellus, extending below antennal line;
most of the scopal hairs simple, hind tibiae at apex not as
broad as their metatarsi; fore wings with three closed sub-
marginal cells; abdomen apparently impunctate and with
abundant, erect, mostly pale pubescence; face with
yellowish pubescence; scopa with dark hairs hirticincta

8. Facial foveae extending below antennal line 9

Facial foveae not extending below antennal line; most of the

hairs on outer side of hind tibiae simple, plumose or
branched; length 10 mm.; clypeus uniformly dullish,
sparsely punctate, but impunctate down middle; process of
labrum nearly four times as wide as long; thorax and ab-
domen throughout more or less dullish, like head, except
scutel, which is rather shining; pubescence pale, ochreous;
scopa of hind tibiae composed of simple upright hairs; ab-
domen subfasciate; color of anal fimbriae golden brown;
wings brownish, with a yellowish tinge comelli

9. Cheeks rounded, without a margin behind 10

Cheeks rounded, but with a margin behind; most of the hairs

on outer side of hind tibiae simple 32

10. Most of the hairs on outer side of hind tibiae simple; ab-

domen black 25

Most of the hairs on outer side of hind tibiae plumose or
branched; abdomen black; scopa of hind tibiae loose, i. e.,
with its hairs sparse g. maculati

11. Foveae extending below antennal line 12

Foveae not extending below antennal line; most of the hairs

of outer surface of hind tibije plumose or branched 33

12. Most of the hairs of outer surface of hind tibiae simple 13

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 7II

Most of the hairs of outer surface of hind tibiae branched;
species resembling arabis and allies 47

13. Apex of hind tibiae not twice as wide as metatarsus 14

Apex of hind tibiae twice as wide as metatarsus; enclosure

of propodeum conspicuously granular nasoni

14. Species with three closed submarginal cells 34

Species with two closed submarginal cells; process of labrum

forming an obtuse-angled triangle; abdomen black

andrenoides wellesleyana

15. Abdomen with second dorsal segment impressed less than

three-fourths distance from base to apex ; . . 16

Abdomen with second dorsal segment impressed three-
fourths or more than three-fourths distance from base
to apex; first joint of flagel shorter than second and third
joints combined 17

16. Shining space between facial fovea and eye margin abruptly

separated from fovea 5i

Shining space between facial fovea and eye margin not
abruptly separated from fovea; process of labrum broadly
truncate; clypeus with no distinct median impunctate
space; second dorsal abdominal segment impressed practi-
cally one-half distance from base to apex rehni

17. Shining foveal space as wide, or not as wide, as fovea below 55
Shining foveal space wider than fovea below; dorsulum with

its punctures adjoining or nearly so 57

18. Abdomen not satiny ^9

Abdomen satiny 21

19. Abdomen above without erect yellowish pubescence .. ... 20

Abdomen above with erect yellowish pubescence hirticincta

ao. Abdomen black; anal fimbriae fuscous novaeangliae

Abdomen greenish salictana

21. Abdomen without conspicuous satiny patches 22

Abdomen with conspicuous satiny patches; process of

labrum rounded; abdomen with its tegument partly red-*
dish, first dorsal segment being black at base and apex..

bnmniventris rhodura

22. Length 11 mm.; process of labrum rather rounded; hind legs

with their tegument dark or black; pubescence on dorsum
of thorax ochreous to reddish; scopa of hind tibiae light

, 23

m color •

Length 7-8 mm.; process of labrum finger-shaped m outline;
pubescence pale, i. e., whitish to ochreous; anal fimbria:
chocolate-brown or of an allied shade placida

... 24

23. Abdomen sericeous .

Abdomen apparently bare, anal fimbriae hrown -"'''7*

A y c u • u^r...rr, . . .perplexa viburnella

24. Anal fimbriae brown v v nninri

Anal fimbriae golden ^

712 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

25. Process of labrum truncate, or semicircular, or, when seen

from below, subemarginate 26

Process of labrum finger-shaped; anal fimbriae from pale
brown to blackish in color, usually the latter placida

26. Enclosure of metanotum granular 27

Enclosure smooth 30

27. Clypeus with a narrow but distinct median impunctate space 28
Clypeus with a rather circular impunctate area, which is

usually highly polished and conspicuous; abdomen sub-
fasciate miserabilis flavoclypeata

28. Clypeus closely punctate 29

Clypeus very sparsely punctate robertsoni

29.^ Pubescence ochreous to brownish ochreous; abdomen dull,
not distinctly punctate; clypeus somewhat flattened; hind

tibiae blackish arabis

Pubescence as in arabis; hind tibiae yellowish; abdomen distinctly
punctate winkleyi

30. Wings without dark tips 31

Wings distinctly clouded at tip; clypeus abundantly and dis-
tinctly punctate nubecula

31. Dorsulum dull; clypeus dull and smooth distans

Dorsulum shining; abdomen dull canadensis

32. Process of labrum quadrate or nearly so, and margined, .fragilis
Process of labrum rounded, not margined Integra

23. Face immaculate 59

Face maculated, process of labrum not emarginate, or hardly
so; clypeus sparsely punctate accepta

34. Abdomen not distinctly punctate 35

Abdomen distinctly punctate, 1. e., almost umbilicately

punctate 4^

35. Abdomen appearing bare, without abundant erect hairs; ab-

domen and scopa with pale pubescence; wings pale

brownish 36

Abdomen not appearing bare, with abundant erect hairs 38

36. Abdomen fasciate; clypeus distinctly punctate and shining.. 37
Abdomen subfasciate; clypeus indistinctly punctate, dullish

ziziae

37. Anal fimbriae ochreous bisalicis

Anal fimbriae dark brown novaeangliae

38. Abdomen and scopa with pale pubescence 39

Abdomen above and scopa with dark pubescence, abdominal

pubescence mostly black; clypeus with a median impunc-
tate space milwaukeensis

39. Abdomen without distinct bands of nearly erect pubescence;

face without black pubescence; abdom.en fasciate, shining;

clypeus with a median impunctate space thaspii

Abdomen with distinct bands of nearly erect pubescence 40

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 713

40. Clypeus dull; nearly all of the scopal hairs white; anal fimbriae

gray and fuscous cockerelli

Clypeus shining; scopa golden • thaspii

41. Abdomen and scopa with pale hairs 43

Abdomen and scopa with dark or black hairs; species with

some pale pubescence 46

42. Clypeus without a distinct, shining median impunctate space 43
Clypeus with a distinct, shining, median impunctate space;

enclosure not entirely rugulose hilaris

43. Enclosure not rugulose, at most granular; clypeus shining 44
Enclosure rugulose hilaris

44. Clypeus not produced 45

Clypeus produced davisi

45. Hind tibiae honey-yellow; abdomen subfasciate commoda

Hind tibiae blackish; enclosure wrinkled, process of labrum

semicircular in outline cressoni

46. Face and pleurae with pale pubescence; clypeus with an in-

distinct median impunctate space vicina

Face and pleurae with some black pubescence; clypeus with a
median impunctate space; species over 12 mm., in length;
dorsum of thorax without black pubescence Ccirlini

47. Process of labrum not emarginate, but truncate anteriorly,

the truncation wider than the process is long; clypeus
shining, not densely punctate; clypeus not maculated . . 48
Process of labrum emarginate; clypeus not dull, not densely
punctate, but with a median impunctate space 5°

48. Clypeus without a median impunctate space; length 13 mm. 49
Clypeus with a median impunctate space; most of middle

third of clypeus occupied by an impunctate space; species
resembling miserabilis Uavoclypeata pennsylvanicola

49. Clypeus polished helianthi

Clypeus not polished braccata

50. Scopa loose angusi

Scopa compact; wings blackish 1 asteris

51. Second dorsal abdominal segment impressed one-half distance

from base to apex 52

Second dorsal abdominal segment impressed more than one-
half 54

52. Abdomen black 53

Abdomen red, not fasciate manae

Abdomen fasciate forbesi

Abdomen not fasciate mariae var. concolor

54. Hind tibiae and tarsi black or blackish .* • • • 55

Hind tibiae and tarsi stramineous hippotes

Abdomen not fasciate weedi

Abdomen fasciate, second dorsal segment impressed less than
two-thirds distance from base to apex obscura

53

55

714 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

56. Second abdominal segment impressed two-thirds distance

from base to apex; abdomen densely punctate; its seg-
ments without stramineous margin multiplicata

Second abdominal segment impressed more than two-thirds,
abdomen fasciate; depressed portion of second dorsal ab- .
dominal segment indistinctly punctate; clypeus without a
margin multiplicatiformis

57. Shining space of the face oblong 58

Shining space of the face cuneate; second dorsal abdominal

segment impressed two-thirds distance from base to apex

spireana

58. Abdomen not fasciate rugosa

Abdomen fasciate paenerugosa

59. Process of labrum emarginate solidaginis

Process of labrum not emarginate; abdomen dull, strongly

sparsely punctured erigeniae

Males.

1. Facial line as long as or shorter than transfacial line; ab-

domen with second segment impressed less than one-half,
or at most impressed one-half distance from base to apex 2
Facial line longer than transfacial line; clypeus partly yellow

bradleyi

2. Third antennal joint shorter than or as long as fourth 3

Third antennal joint longer than fourth 10

3. Penultimate ventral abdominal segment without reflexed

angles 4

Penultimate ventral abdominal segment with reflexed angles

crataegi

4. Second dorsal abdominal segment impressed one-half or at

least more than one-third distance from base to apex .... 5
Second dorsal abdominal segment impressed one-third dis-
tance from base to apex daeckei

5. Antennas smooth and shining; enclosure rugose 6

Antennae dull 7

6. Abdomen fasciate above forbesi

Abdomen not fasciate above mariae var. concolor

7. Abdomen black 8

Abdomen more or less reddish mariae

8. Tarsi blackish or brownish 9

Tarsi yellowish hippotes

9. Enclosure rugose weedi

Enclosure granular nasoni

ID. Face immaculate 1 1

Face with yellow or whitish maculae 28

II. Third antennal joint longer than fourth but shorter than

fourth and fifth joints combined 12

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 715

Third antennal joint as long as, or longer than fourth and

fifth joints combined 27

12. Cheeks prominently angulate or keeled 13

Cheeks neither angulate nor keeled 20

13. Cheeks prominently angulate, not keeled 14

Cheeks keeled fragilis

14. Mandibles toothed on under side near base; tooth on under

side of mandibles a mere angle 15

Mandibles not toothed on under side near base 16

15. Pubescence of abdomen pale thaspii

Pubescence of abdomen partly dark milwaukeensis

16. Face without black pubescence 17

Face with some black pubescence cockerelli

17. Wings not clouded with brownish 18

Wings, in part, distinctly clouded with brownish nubecula

18. Dorsulum dull iq

Dorsulum polished , canadensis

19. Abdomen dull, with ochreous, erect pubescence hirticincta

Abdomen shining, with appressed pubescence

brunniventris rhodura

20. Face with black hairs 21

Face without black hairs 22

21. Abdomen not fasciate carlini

Abdomen fasciate bisalicis

22. Tarsi yellowish 23

Tarsi brownish or blackish 24

23. Abdomen black; length 12 mm. or more nivalis

Abdomen greenish; length 8 mm. or less salictaria

24. Third antennal joint longer than fourth joint 25

Third antennal joint as long as fourth joint vicina

25. Abdomen not sericeous 26

Abdomen sericeous commoda

26. Length 8 mm placida

Length more than 8 mm victima

27. Angles of sixth ventral abdominal segment reflexed. . . .erigeniae
Angles of sixth ventral abdominal segment not reflexed 36

28. Wings with three closed submarginal cells 29

Wings with two closed submarginal cells

andrenoides wellesleyana

29. Cheeks not angulate 30

Cheeks rounded angulate miserabilis flavoclypeata

30. Maculation confined to clypeus 31

Maculation not confined to clypeus 34

31. Third antennal joint as long as fourth and fifth joints com-

bined, or a little longer 32

Third antennal joint longer than fourth joint, but not as long
as fourth and fifth joints combined robertsoni

7l6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

32. Pubescence whitish; hind femora black 33

Pubescence tawny or ochreous; posterior femora partly

yellowish helianthi

33. Abdomen dull, fasciate braccata

Abdomen shining, subfasciate ziziae

34. Tarsi brownish or blackish 35

Tarsi yellowish accepta

35. Abdomen distinctly punctate cressoni

Abdomen not distinctly punctate asteris

36. Angle of cheeks opposite middle of eye distans

Angle of cheek below middle of eye g. maculati

°A. alleghaniensis Viereck.

A. crataegi Robertson.

Taken at New Haven, Branford, Yalesville, and Poquonock,
and is sure to be found throughout the State. Visits flowers of
sweet cherry, Japan plum, and other fruits.

°A. daeckei Viereck.
May be found in Connecticut, along the Sound.

A. nivalis Smith. A. convexa Provancher.

Throughout the State. On flowers of Lonicera fragrantis-
sima. New Haven, 4 May, 1904 (H. L. V.).

A. placida Smith. A. salicacea Robertson. A. macilenta.
Provancher. A. macgillivrayi Cockerell.

This is no doubt generally distributed throughout the State.
New Haven, 4, 10, 25 May, 1904 (H. L. V.). Visits flowers of
gooseberry and Japan plum.

*A. brunniventris rhodura Cockerell.
Type locality: Hartford.

A. dunningi Cockerell.
Occurs throughout the State.

A. perplexa viburnella Graenicher.

Occurs throughout the State.

°A. cornelli Viereck.

A. miserabilis flavocl5rpeata Smith. A. bipunctata Authors.

New Haven, 4-22 May (H. L. V., B. H. W.) ; and probably
throughout the State. It is one of the important poUenizers of
apple, pear, and other fruit blossoms.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 717

A. robertsoni Dalla Torre. A. serotina Robertson.
Occurs with the preceding species, but not so commonly.
Putnam, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

A. arabis Robertson.

This appears in early spring.

A. nubecula Smith.

Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.).
°A. distans Provancher.
A. canadensis Dalla Torre.
Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.).

A. g. maculati Robertson.
Milldale, 21 May, 1906 (B. H. W.).
°A. erigeniae Robertson.

A. fragilis Smith. A. platyparia Robertson. A. laticeps
Provancher. A. provancheri Dalla Torre.
Branford, 27 June, 1904 (H. L. V.)

A. Integra Smith. A. lineata Provancher.
Brookfield, 26 May, 1904, on Zisia aurea (W. E. B.).
A. solidaginis Robertson. PI. x, Fig. 10,
New Haven, 16 August, 1904 (B. H. W.) ; Stafford, 24
August, 1905 (W. E. B.), on goldenrod.

°A. accepta Viereck. A. pulchella Robertson.

A. nasoni Robertson. A. vestita Provancher. A. hartford-
ensis Cockerell.

New Haven, 4-14 May, 1904 (H. L. V.), 13 June, 1902
(E. J. S. M.), 8-22 May, 1905 (B. H. W.) ; Branford, 3 May,
1905 (H. W. W.).

This is one of the pollenizers of fruit blossoms, and visits
currant, gooseberry, pear, and apple.

A. novaeanglias Viereck.
N^w Haven, 4 May, 1904 (H. L. V.).
A. ziziae Robertson.

Brookfield, 26 May, 1904, on flowers of Zisia aurea (B. H.
W.).

°A. cockerelli Graenicher.

7l8 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

A. hirticincta Provancher. A. americana Dalla Torre. A,.

fimhriata Smith.

Westbrook, 30 August, Branford, 16 September, 1904 (H.
L. V.) ; New Haven, 12 September, 1904 (B. H. W.).

Visits flowers of the goldenrod and other flowers of the late
summer and early fall.

°A. milwraukeensis Graenicher.

*A. winkleyi Viereck.
Type locality: Branford, 22-26 May, 1905 (H. W. W.) ; also
New Haven, 14 May, 1904 (H. L. V.). Visits flowers of quince,
raspberry, gooseberry, and possibly other fruits.

°A. davisi Viereck.

°A. commoda Smith. A. corni Robertson.

A. cressoni Robertson.
Visits flowers of Pyrus arbutifolia.

New Haven, 28 April, 1902, 24 May, 1905 (W. E. B.), 26
May, 1904 (H. L. V.) ; Mt. Carmel, 23 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.).

A. hilaris Smith.

New Haven, 17 June, 1905 (H. L. V.), on flowers of rasp-
berry.

A. vicina Smith. Howard, Insect Book, PI. iii, Fig. 3.
Many specimens from New Haven and Branford in May.
Visits flowers of some of the fruit trees, and of the goose-
berry.

A. carlini Cockerell.

Occurs with the preceding at New Haven and Branford.

°A. andrenoides wellesleyana Robertson.
Visits the willow.

°A. pennsylvanicola Viereck.

°A. helianthi Robertson.
Visits the sunflower.

*A. braccata Viereck.
Type locality: Rockville, 23 August, 1905 ( H. L. V.). Also
Westbrook, 30 August, 1904 (H. L. V.) ; Staflford, 24 August,

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 719

1905 (W. E. B.) ; Branford, i6 September, 1904 (H. W. W.) ;
on goldenrod flowers.

°A. angusi Viereck.
A. asteris Robertson.

Received its name from its habit of visiting flowers of aster.
Westbrook, 30 August, 1904 (H. L. V.)

°A. rehni Viereck.
A. forbesi Robertson.

New Haven, on flowers of pear and currant (H. L. V.).
A. mariae var. concolor Robertson.

New Haven, 7 May, 1904 (H. L. V.), 3 June, 1904, (W. E.
B.) ; on flowers of blackberry, currant, and gooseberry.

°A. mariae Robertson.

A. thaspii Graenicher.

Visits fruit blossoms and azalea flowers.

A. weedi Viereck.

New Haven, 4 May, 1904 H. L. V.). Visits flowers of
the gooseberry.

A. obscura Robertson.

Colebrook, 21 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

A. hippotes Robertson.

New Haven, 4-14 May, 1904 H. L. V.) ; Branford, 3 May,
1905 (H. W. W.) ; on flowers of the apple, Japan plum, and sweet
cherry.

°A. multiplicata Cockerell.

A. spireana Robertson.

Mt. Carmel, 23 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.).

A. multiplicatiformis Viereck.

Thompson, 11 July, 1905 (H. L. V.). '*'

A. rugosa Robertson.

°A. paenerugosa Viereck.

A. bradleyi Viereck.

Visits flowers of the gooseberry and huckleberry.

720 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

A. bisalicis Viereck. A. salicis Robertson.
Hartford, 25 April, 1897 (S. N. D.).

A. salictaria Robertson.
Hartford, 10 May, 1896 (S. N. D.).

A. victima Smith.

Hartford, 29 April, 1894 (S. N. D.).

DUFOUREID^.
Only one species of this group is recorded from the State.

Halictoides (Conohalictoides) novaeangliae Robertson.

Almost entirely black. Length 6-7 mm. Some black hairs
on the head, but the pubescence is mostly whitish ; facial line
longer than the transfacial line. Has been taken in July and
August. This species visits the pickerel-weed (Pontederia
cordata) and is doubtless present wherever the pickerel-weed
grows.

Sachem's Head, 4 August, 1904, Thompson, 12 July, 1905
(H. L. v.).

MACROPID^.

The species of this family are succinct and almost entirely
black. Only one genus is on record, and the characters of the
family will suffice for its recognition.

Macropis Panzer.
Key to Species.

Females.

1. Hind metatarsi mostly with pale whitish pubescence 2

Hind metatarsi mostly with dark, blackish pubescence . .morsei

2. Punctation, especially of scutel, sparse ciliata

Punctation, especially of scutel, dense patellata

Males.

1. Hind metatarsi oblong or nearly so 2

Hind metatarsi cuneiform patellata

2, Hind tibiae with a yellow spot at base ciliata

Hind tibiae entirely black morsei

M. patellata Patton.

Occurs all over the State, and flies at least from 6 to 21 July,
visiting flowers of Cicuta maculata, Rhus glabra, and Steironema

No. 22.] HYMENOPTBRA OF CONNECTICUT. 72I

ciliatum. Has been taken at New Haven, Branford, Putnam,
and Colebrook.

M. ciliata Fatten.

Probably occurs all over the State, In Maine the females
have been observed visiting the flowers of Lysimachia terrcstris,
Aralia hispida, and Kalmia angustifolia. The males are found
on the last two plants and also on goldenrod.

New Haven, 13 June, Mt. Carmel, 23 June, 1902
(E. J. S. M.).

°M. morsei Robertson.

PANURGID^.
Key to Genera.

1. Marginal cell always much longer than stigma 2

Marginal cell not longer than stigma, usually shorter....

Perdita p. 721

2. Abdomen not fasciate; mesopleurae bare or nearly so

Panurginus p. 721
Abdomen fasciate, mesopleurae pubescent Calliopsis p. 722

Perdita Smith.
Key to Species.
Facial line longer than transfacial line; abdomen with four

yellow marks novaeangliae

Facial line not longer than transfacial line; abdomen with
more than four yellow marks, usually eight octomaculata

*P. novaeangliae Viereck.
Type locality: Poquonock, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.).

P. octomaculata Say.

Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.), on flowers of golden-
rod. Also visits asters.

Panurginus Ny lander.
Key to Species.

Females.

Thorax appearing almost bare; dorsulum dullish parvus

Thorax pubescent; dorsulum polished astens

Males.
(In addition to the female characters) clypeus, two lateral
face marks, and a supraclypeal mark yellow asteris

46

722 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

(In addition to the female characters) clypeus and two lateral
face marks luteous parvus

P. parvus Robertson.

New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.), on flowers of New
Jersey tea; Mt. Carmel, 23 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.).

P. asteris Robertson.

Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.), on goldenrod.

Calliopsis Smith.
A single species is known to inhabit this State. It may be
recognized by the fasciate abdomen, maculation luteous in the
female and yellow in the male ; the face and legs in the male being
almost entirely yellow.

C. andreniformis Smith.

New Haven, 24 June, 1902, 6 July, 1904, 4 July, 1905 (E. J.
S. M., P., L. B., H. L. v.). On the last date it was taken on
flowers of New Jersey tea; also 19 July, 1905 (B. H. W.), and
20 July, 1904 ( W. E. B.) ; Branford, 3 August, 1904 (H. W. W.).
In Maine it has been taken on flowers of Solidago juncea.

NOMADID^.
This group, known as cuckoo bees, comprises species mostly
under 10 mm. in length, reddish or black, or both, usually macu-
lated with yellow or luteous, and living parasitically in the nests
of other bees.

Key to Genera.

1. Marginal cell separated from costa 2

Marginal cell at apex not separated from costa; maxillary

palpi six-jointed Nomada p. 722

2. Maxillary palpi with less than six joints 3

Maxillary palpi with six joints Neopasites p. 730

3. Maxillary palpi with less than five joints 4

Maxillary palpi with five joints Viereckella p. 727

4. Maxillary palpi with two joints Epeolus p. 728

Maxillary palpi with three joints Triepeolus p. 728

Nomada Fabricius.
Key to Species.

I. Mandibles with a tooth near apex 2

Mandibles without a tooth near apex 8

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 723

2. Females

** .••,,, ^

Males; intermediate joints of antennae longer than thick 7

3. Pygidium ovate, sparsely punctate and pubescent; lower

anterior orbits not yellowish; mesonotum not lined; head
and thorax almost entirely red; second to fifth dorsal
abdominal segments with a yellow mark on each side

-r, J. maculata

Ir'ygidium triangular, sparsely punctate and pubescent; lower
anterior orbits not yellowish; mesonotum one-lined;
rather dark red; spots distinct, large on second segment 4
4- First dorsal abdominal segment without a yellow mark,
second and third segments with a yellow mark on each
side -

First dorsal abdominal segment as well as second to fifth
segments with a yellow mark on each side cuneata var. notata

5. Fifth dorsal abdominal segment with a yellow mark on each

side 6

Fifth dorsal abdominal segment as well as fourth without
a yellow mark on each side cimeata var. quadrisignata

6. Fourth dorsal abdominal segment with a yellow mark on

each side cuneata var. octonotata

Fourth dorsal abdominal segment without a yellow mark on
each side cuneata var. sexnotata

7. Tegulae and legs red; scutel usually red; abdomen varying

from six- to eight-spotted cuneata

Tegulae and legs mostly brownish; scutel black, thorax black;
head mostly black; first dorsal abdominal segment with
two luteous spots, second to sixth segments with a luteous
band bella

8. Fore coxae with long, pubescent spines; abdomen distinctly

punctate; third antennal joint shorter than fourth; basal
vein inserted a little before nervulus; marginal cell acute

americana
Fore coxae simple, rarely with short, indistinct spines 10

9. Females 10

Males " 25

10. Third antennal joint not distinctly shorter than fourth il

Third antennal joint distinctly shorter than fourth 17

11. Third antennal joint only a little shorter or just as long as

fourth 12

Third antennal joint longer than fourth, rarely a little
shorter; head and thorax with yellow ornaments, usually
black 13

12. Basal vein inserted before nervulus; apex of hind tibiae with

black, curved bristles; second dorsal abdominal segment
with a yellow spot on each side, rest of abdomen mostly

724 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

reddish; thorax mostly black, striped and marked with

reddish perplexa

Basal vein interstitial with nervulus; apex of hind tibiae with
black, curved bristles; abdomen immaculate, reddish; head
and thorax mostly reddish; dorsulum with a black stripe

incerta

13. Propodeum with two yellow patches 14

Propodeum entirely black 16

14. Abdomen with five yellow fasciae 15

Abdomen with four yellow fasciae; mesonotum coarsely

punctate, pubescent; basal vein before nervulus; flagel
reddish imbricata

15. Mesonotum finely punctate, pubescent; basal vein inserted

before nervulus ; flagel dark above a£Fabilis

Mesonotum strongly punctate, nearly bare; basal vein
virtually interstitial with nervulus; flagel with a dark
annulus vincta

16. First to third dorsal abdominal segments with an interrupted

yellow band, fourth and fifth with a continuous yellow
band; sotel with a yelfow spot on each side; postscutel
with a yellow band; head, thorax, and abdomen mostly

black; legs mostly red electa

First dorsal abdominal segment black or with a reddish stain,
second and third segments with interrupted, fourth and
fifth with continuous bands; basal vein not inserted before
nervulus; scutd hardly bilobed; third antennal joint some-
times a little shorter than fourth placida

17. Head and thorax without yellow ornaments, basal vein before

nervulus 18

Head and thorax with yellow ornaments 23

18. Head and thorax red, sutures black; scutel crested, bilobed. . 19
Head and thorax black, with reddish ornaments; abdomen

black, with yellow ornaments; an interrupted line on first
dorsal segment, lateral marks on second and third dorsal
segments, continuous fasciae on fourth and fifth segments

vicina

19. Fourth antennal joint as long as twelfth or longer 20

Fourth antennal joint shorter than twelfth; a spot on each

side of seoond and third segments, and usually a band or
two spots on fifth; pygidium broadly rounded, closely
pubescent illinoiensis

20. Fourth antennal joint as long as twelfth 21

Fourth antennal joint longer than twelfth; no spot on first

and second dorsal abdominal segments, and the inter-
rupted band on third, fourth and fifth segments almost
entirely luteous rubicunda

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 725

21. Fore coxae without spines; a spot on each side of second

and third dorsal abdominal segments 22

Fore cox^ with a short spine; pygidium subacute; "yellow
fascia on fifth dorsal abdominal segment opaque, .denticulata

22. Length less than 8 mm g^ j

Length 10 mm '.*'.'.'.".'.■'.'.'.'.".■■ bisi^ata

23. First transverse cubitus usually present 24

First transverse cubitus usually wanting; largely red; second

to fifth dorsal abdominal segments with yellow fasciae,
sometimes interrupted on second obliterata

24. Mesonotum black; second to fifth dorsal abdominal segments

with more or less interrupted yellow bands; scutel mostly,

propodeum partly, yellow f estiva

Mesonotum with four yellow lines; first to sixth dorsal ab-
dominal segments with yellow bands; propodeum with
subquadrate marks encroaching upon the enclosure luteola

25. Seventh dorsal abdominal segment entire 26

Seventh dorsal abdominal segment notched; third antennal

joint shorter than fourth 29

26. Third antennal joint longer than fourth 37

Third antennal joint shorter than fourth; basal vein inserted

a little before nervulus; abdomen black, with yellow
marks; mostly black proxima

27. Propodeum with two yellow spots; posterior orbits largely

yellow 28

Propodeum and posterior orbits black or nearly so; fifth and
sixth dorsal abdominal segments with continuous, second
to fourth with interrupted yellow bands; first dorsal ab-
dominal segment entirely black; basal vein usually inter-
stitial with nervulus placida

28. Scape obovate; basal vein interstitial with nervulus; flagel

darker in the middle; scutel sub-bilobed vincta

Scape ordinary; basal vein inserted before nervulus; flagel
darker above; scutel bilobed affabilis

29. First transverse cubitus usually present 30

First transverse cubitus usually wanting obliterata

30. First to sixth dorsal abdominal segments without entire and

continuous bands, usually with some lateral spots; when
continuous the bands have separated spots on extreme

sides of fifth segment 31

First to sixth dorsal abdominal segments with entire and
continuous bands, sometimes narrowly interrupted on
first; basal vein inserted before nervulus; a band on first
dorsal abdominal segment continuous; flagel usually dark,
piceous beneath, joints cylindrical luteola

31. Abdomen mainly black 35

Abdomen chiefly reddish; barsal vein inserted before nervulus 32

726 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

32. Flagel and fore coxae not denticulate 33

Flagel and fore coxae denticulate; a yellowish spot on each

side of second segment, as well as sometimes on first,
and usually a continuous yellowish band on third to sixth
segments denticulata

33. Fourth antennal joint as long as thirteenth 34

Fourth antennal joint shorter than thirteenth; apical half of

abdomen reddish; middle of flagel longer than thick....

illinoiensis

34. Thorax almost entirely black; dorsulum entirely black ....sa^i
Thorax partly black; dorsulum mostly reddish with a black

stripe down the middle .* pygmaea

35. First dorsal abdominal segment without a spot on each side 36
First to third dorsal abdominal segments with a yellowish

spot on each side; apex of seventh dorsal segment deeply
notched articulata

36. Second and third dorsal abdominal segments with a yellowish

spot on each side; first usually with an interrupted band,
fourth with a band or two spots on each side, fifth with a
discal band and a spot on each side, sixth like fifth, or
lateral spots wanting, seventh with apex slightly notched

vicina
Second to fifth dorsal abdominal segments with a more or
less interrupted yellowish band, sixth with a band;
head and thorax almost entirely black gracilis

N. (Gnathias) maculata Cresson. Howard, Insect Book,
PI. iv, Fig. 15.

N. (G.) cuneata Robertson.

New Haven, 4 May, 1904, Double Beach, 5 July, 1904
(H. L. v.).

°N. (G.) cuneata var. notata Robertson.

°N. (G.) cuneata var. octonotata Robertson.

°N. (G.) cuneata var. sexnotata Robertson.

°N. (G.) cuneata var. quadrisignata Robertson.

N. (G.) bella Cresson.

N. (Centrias) americana Kirby.
West Haven, 27 June, 1905 (H. L. V.)

*N. (C.) incerta Cresson.

'N. ( Phor) proxima Cresson.

Ol

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 727

N. (Holonomada) imbricata Smith.

New Haven, 4 May, 1904 (H. L. V.).
°N. (H.) affabilis Robertson.
°N. (H.) vincta Robertson.
°N. (H.) placida Robertson.

N. perplexa Cresson.

*N. vicina Cresson.

Salisbury, 27 August, 1904 (W. E. B.) ; Saybrook, 31
August, 1904 (H.L.V.).

N. (Nomada) electa Cresson.

N. (N.) illinoiensis Robertson.
Branford, 11 May, 1905 (H. W. W.).

°N. (N.) rubicunda Olivier. A'', torrida Smith.

N. (N.) denticulata Robertson.
New Haven, 26 May, 1904 (H. L. V.).

N. (N.) sayi Robertson.

Branford, 3 May, 1905 (H. W. W.) ; West Haven, 27 June,
1905 (H.L. v.).

N. (N.) bisignata Say.

N. (N.) articulata Smith.

°N. (N.) gracilis Cresson.

*N. (N.) pygmaea Cresson.

N. (Heminomada) obliterata Cresson.
Hartford, 20 May, 1904 (H. L. V.).

N. (Xanthidium) luteola LePeletier.

°N. (X.) festiva Cresson.

Viereckella Swenk.
Only two species are known to belong to this genus. They
both look as if they might be black Nomadas. Indeed, the species
that occurs in this State was originally described as Nom<jda,

V. pilosula (Cresson).

Mandibles simple, without a tooth near apex; fore coxae
simple, without spines, uniformly black or brownish; female

728 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

with the basal vein inserted beyond or interstitial with nervulus ;
third antennnal joint in female distinctly shorter than fourth;
male with third antennal joint longer than fourth, and with the
seventh dorsal abdominal segment entire, without a notch at its
apex.

Brookfield, 27 July (E. L. Dickerson).

Epeolus Latreille.

This genus, as now restricted, is represented in Connecticut
by a single species.

E. pusillus Cresson.

Length 6-8 mm. Front not tuberculate ; lower half of pleurae
finely and closely punctate; lateral spines of the scutel hardly
extending beyond the latter; spurs black. Pubescence pale
cinereous or silvery ; tubercles, tegulae, and legs reddish.

Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.), on goldenrod; Say-
brook, 31 August, 1904 (H. L. v.), on flowers of fireweed
(Erechtites hieracifolia).

Triepeolus Robertson.
Key to Species.

Females.

1. Fifth ventral abdominal segment convex; corresponding

dorsal segment usually with lateral patches 2

Fifth ventral abdominal segment flattened or concave; cor-
responding dorsal segment with a semicircular sericeous
truncation; black; mesonotum anteriorly with a broad
pale yellow band; border of first dorsal abdominal seg-
ment broad, interrupted basally and sometimes apically;
fasciae continuous &n second to fourth segments, gradually
or abruptly widened laterally on second segment; length
13-16 mm concavvis

2. Border of first dorsal abdominal segment much wider on

sides than near middle 3

Border of first dorsal abdominal segment of almost uniform
width 4

3. Mesonotum bilineate; fifth dorsal abdominal segment dull,

densely punctate; its apex convex, the beveled space
thereof always, and lateral patches of pubescence usually
distinct; apex of pygidium convex; fasciae on first and
second segments interrupted, on third and fourth segments

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

729

continuous, that on fourth of the same color as the
other fasciae; second to fourth ventral abdominal segments
with apical fasciae; labrum, mandibles, first three joints of

antennas, and legs red; length 11-12 mm lunatus

Mesonotum with a subcordate enclosed space; fascia inter-
rupted on first and second dorsal abdominal segments,
gradually widened on sides of second segment; space on
mesonotum trilobed; an L-shaped patch of pubescence on
pleurae; scutel sub-bilobed; spines distinct; length 10-14

^^ remigatus

4. Ornaments cream-color; pectus finely and closely punctate;
false pygidium large; pleurae with a lunate patch; femora
usually more or less black; labrum, mandibles, scape,
tubercles, and tegulae usually red; legs rarely black; length

^^2 mm cr«ssom

Ornaments cinereous; length 11-12 mm donatus

Males.

1. Border of first dorsal abdominal segment broader laterally,

forming lunate or subquadrate patches; ornaments cream-
color 2

Border of first dorsal abdominal segment hardly broader
laterally than near middle; mesonotum bilineate 5

2. Disc of mesonotum not enclosed by a complete border; orna-

ments cream-color; tibiae and tarsi usually red; mid and
hind femora more or less black; mandibles, labrum, base of
antennae, and tegulae red; rarely entirely black; length

8-1 1 mm cressoni

Disc of mesonotum enclosed by a complete border; abdomen
with six bands, interrupted on first and second segments,
gradually widening on sides of second, cinereous on sixth;
length 10-15 nini remigatus

3. Mesonotum anteriorly with a broad band; abdomen with

five bands, first dorsal segment with its band continuous
or interrupted, second to fifth with continuous fasciae;

black; length 12-15 mm concavus

Mesonotum bilineate; abdomen with six bands, bands on first
two dorsal segments and sometimes on third interrupted,
and cinereous or whitish on fifth and sixth segments;
labrum, mandibles, first three antennal joints, tegulse, and
legs red; length 10-13 mm lunatus

T. lunatus Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. iv, Fig. 18.

Saybrook, 31 August, 1904 (H.L.V.), on flowers of fireweed
(Erechtites hieracifolia) ; East Hartford, 2 August, 1905
(B. H. W.).

730 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

T. donatus Smith. Howard, Insect Book, PI. iv, Fig. 13.
Prospect, 15 August, 1906; Stafford, 24 August, 1905
(W. E. B.).

°T. concavus Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI. iv,
Fig. 8.

°T. remigatus Fabricius. Howard, Insect Book, PI. i,
Fig. 28.

°T. cressoni Robertson. T. mercatus Fabricius.

Neopasites Ashmead.
Formerly Phileremus. A single species has been found in
this State.

N. illinoiensis Robertson.

Length 5 mm. Abdomen usually reddish, rarely entirely
black, but always with a golden apical margin to its dorsal seg-
ments. Head and thorax black, with short, silvery pubescence;
legs inclining to a dull reddish.

New Haven, 30 June, 1905 (B. H. W.).

Solitary digger-bees with but one female and one male to each

EUCERID^.

lolitary digger-bees v

nest.

Key to Genera.

1. Anterior inferior orbits with a large subtriangiilar malar

space; clypeus remote from eye 2

Anterior inferior orbits with a small subtriangular space;
clypeus nearly touching eye; maxillary palpi with three,

four, or five joints Melissodes p. 730

2. Maxillary palpi with five joints 3

Maxillary palpi with six joints Tetralonia p. 733

3. Claws toothed but not cleft Cemolobus p. 7Z3

Claws cleft Xenoglossa p. 733

Melissodes Latreille.

Key to Species.

Females.

I. Maxillary palpi 3 or 4-jointed 2

Maxillary palpi 5-jointed; pubescence of thorax mixed with
black; abdomen somewhat metallic; second to fourth
dorsal abdominal segments with fasciae of white appressed

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 731

pubescence, the fasciae broad laterally, narrow and basal
medially, fifth with a white patch on each extreme side . . .

« Tj • r , condigna

2. Hairs of scopa branched

Hairs of scopa not branched; pubescence of thorax fulvo-
ochraceous; second to fourth dorsal abdominal segments
with narrow, median, white pubescent fasciae compta

3. Scutel and disc of mesonotum without evident black or

fuscous hair

Scutel and disc of mesonotum with evident black or fuscous

^^^']' 6

4. Fasciae on base and middle of second, on middle of third,

and on apical margin of fourth dorsal abdominal segments 5
Fasciae obsolete or nearly so; scopa ochraceous; pubescence
on back of body short, dense, pale; that of occiput black

desponsa

5. Fasciae on fourth dorsal abdominal segment not enclosing a

diamond-shaped black patch; pubescence fulvous; fasciae
broad, nearly covering second to fourth dorsal abdominal
segments, fascia on fourth segment entire; maxillary palpi

usually 4-jointed agilis var. aurigeniae

Fasciae narrow, on fourth dorsal abdominal segment, neither
notched nor interrupted, but bordered by deep brown
pubescence posteriorly; tegulas brown; maxillary palpi 3-
jointed; labial palpi with first joint nearly as long as
second dentiventris

6. Wings clear or nearly so, sometimes purplish; black patch

on mesonotum reaching tegulae, or nearly; pubescence of
vertex mostly black; fore and mid legs with blackish

pubescence 7

Wings more or less clouded or fuscous 8

7. Pubescence on clypeus, labrum, vertex, part of mesonotum,

and scutel blackish rustica

Pubescence ochraceous even on clypeus perplexa

8. Fourth dorsal abdominal segment with an apical patch of

white pubescence on each side bimaculata

Fourth dorsal abdominal segment not ornamented as in
bimaculata; with broad, oblique, apical fasciae on second
and third segments, nearly obsolete on second; vertex with
black hairs; most of the pleural hairs black obliqua

Males.

1. Antennae pale beneath, third joint shorter than fourth 2

Antennae black, third joint as long as fourth compta

2. Abdomen without metallic reflections 3

Abdomen, with metallic reflections condigna

3. Seventh abdominal segment with lateral spines 4

732 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Seventh abdominal segment without lateral spines; pubes-
cence of hind legs not black; fasciae on second and third
dorsal abdominal segments narrow, arcuate; tarsi black

obliqua

4. Shortest side of third antennal joint not longer than second 5
Shortest side of third antennal joint longer than second 7

5. Apical margins of abdominal segments pale stramineous. . 6
Apical margins of abdominal segments black or dull; pubes-
cence fulvous, mixed with black on mesonotum and
scutel pcrplexa

6. Pubescence pale ochraceous to fulvous; labrum yellow..

agilis var. aurigeniae
Pubescence pale ochraceous to fulvous; labrum yellow except
at extreme sides dentiventris

7. Base of mandibles and labrum usually maculated; pubescence

usually black; wings clouded bimaculata

Base of mandibles and labrum usually black; pubescence of
lege black and short desponsa

°M. (Anthedon) compta Cresson. Howard, Insect Book,
PI. ii. Fig. 24.

°M. (Florilegus) condigna Cresson.

M. (Melissodes) desponsa Smith. M. cnici Robertson.

Probably occurs throughout the State. Colebrook, 21 July,
1905 (PI. L. V.) ; New Haven, 14 August, 1906 (D. B.
Pangbum).

M. (M.) dentiventris Smith.

Doubtless distributed throughout the State. Branford, 3
August, 1904 (H. W. W.) ; Westville, 3 August, 1905 (W. E
B.), on Veronica; Rockville, 23 August, 1905 (H. L. V.).

M. (M.) rustica Say. M. simillima Robertson. Howard,
Insect Book, PI. iv. Fig. 12.

Occurs with the preceding and has been collected in
Connecticut at Rockville and Stafford in August on goldenrod
(Solidago).

M. (M.) perplexa Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI, iv.
Fig. 27.

Probably occurs throughout the State. East Hartford, 9
August, 1904 (P. L. B.) ; Hartford, 29 August, 1904 (H. L. V.) ;
Salisbury, 27 August, 1904 (W. E. B.). >

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF C®NNECTICUT.

733

M. (M.) bimaculata LePeletier. Howard, Insect Book, PI.
iii, Fig. i6.

New Haven, 13 July, 1900; Westville, 22 July, 1906 (W.
E. B.).

°M. (M.) obliqua Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. iv,
Fig. 22.

°M. (M.) agilis var. aurigeniae Cresson.

Tetralonia Spinola.
Synhalonia Patton.

T. atrivcntris Smith. Howard, Insect Book, PI. ii, Fig. 19.

Female: with hair on the inner side of the basal joint of the
hind tarsi black or fuscous; hair of thorax above nearly entirely
fulvous. Male: clypeus and labrum light; thorax above without
dark hair; flagel entirely dark, mandibles without a light spot;
abdomen not covered with fulvous hair, the apical part black with
dark hair; upper lateral borders of clypeus black, the yellow npt
notched; hind spurs not in the form of a hook.

New Haven, 4-10 May, 1904 (H. L. V., W. E. B.) ; Westville,
20 May, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Branford, 11 May, 1905 (H. W. W.).

Cemolobus Robertson.
°C. ipomoeae Robertson.

Length 13-17 mm. Clypeus trilobate, with a transverse apical
whitish band in the male; mandibles with a distinct angle on the
outer margin, this angle being spined in the male; hind metatar-
si in the male arcuate ; female with the second joint of the maxil-
lary palpi nearly as long as the third, fourth, and fifth combined ;
scopa nearly black.

Visits flowers of the morning-glory {Ipomcea) ; hence its
specific name.

Xenoglossa Smith.

X. (Peponapis) pruinosa Say. PI. x, Fig. 6; Howard,
Insect Book, PI. iii, Fig. i, PI. vii. Fig. 2 (the latter errone-
ously labeled X. spriuna).

Length 10-14 mm. Female with its mandibles bidentate at
apex; second and third joints of maxillary palpi subequal ; second
to fourth dorsal abdominal segments with whitish pubescent fas-

734 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

cise ; first cubital cell twice as long as the second, about as long as
the third; the first joint of the labial palpi nearly one and one-half
times as long as the second. Male with the third joint of the
antenna about one-third as long as the fourth ; mandibles triden-
tate, their base black; clypeus with a yellow spot; labrum black,
apex of abdomen without spines.

New Haven, 31 July, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Bristol, 28 July, 1906
(W. H. Kelsey). Visits flowers of the pumpkin and other Cucur-
bitacese, and is perhaps the most important agent in pollenizing
these plants. It is of interest to know that this bee has been
caught sleeping in a closed flower.

EMPHORIDJE.

The remarks under Euceridae apply here.

Key to Genera.

Pulvilli present Melitoma p. 734

Pulvilli absent Emphor p. 734

Melitoma Latreille.

Entechnia Patton.
°M. taurea Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. iii, Fig. 7.
Length 9-14 mm. Female with first cubital cell nearly equal-
ling the third, second short ; first recurrent vein received near its
end; pubescence pale and mixed with black on dorsum of head
and thorax; second to fourth dorsal abdominal segments with
white pubescent fasciae; elsewhere the pubescence is black; third
and fourth joints of maxillary palpi ciliate, sixth minute; para-
glossae shorter than the seventh joint of labial palpi, slightly
over one-third the length of the second. Male with white pubes-
cent fasciae on the second to sixth dorsal abdominal segments.

Emphor Patton.
°E. bombiformis Cresson.

Length 13-17 mm. Female with the first cubital cell nearly
equalling the second and third combined; first recurrent vein
received near the middle of the second cubital cell ; head, thorax,
and sides of the first abdominal segment with pale ochraceous
pubescence; the third joint of the maxillary palpi ciliate; para-
glossae setiform, a little longer than the first joint of the labial

No, 22,] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 735

palpi, which last are one and one-sixth times as long as the
second joint. Male with the abdomen not fasciate.
Visits flowers of the morning-glory (Ipomcea).

ANTHOPHORID^,
The bees of this group are larger than honey-bees but smaller
than bumble-bees. Only one genus occurs in the State.

Anthophora Latreille.*
Key to Species.

Females.

1. Apex of marginal cell reaching costal margin; third sub-

marginal cell not narrower above than below; first recur-
rent vein received near middle of second cubital cell;

nervulus virtually interstitial with basal vein 2

Apex of marginal cell not reaching costal margin, third
submarginal cell narrower above than below; first re-
current vein received a little before second transverse
cubitus; nervulus inserted before basal vein; mandibles
with an internal tooth; third joint of antennae slightly-
longer than fourth and fifth combined but shorter than
fourth, fifth, and sixth together; pubescence on dorsum of
thorax and base of abdomen ochraceous, elsewhere black;
length 15 mm floridana

2. Knee-plate of hind legs circular or spatulate, mandibles bi-

dentate 3

Knee-plate of hind legs lanceolate; mandibles tridentate;
third joint of antennae nearly equal to fourth, fifth, sixth,
and seventh together; pubescence griseous and black,
ochraceous or fulvous on fifth and sixth dorsal abdominal
segments; second joint of maxillary palpi four or five
times as long as first; first joint of labial palpi slightly

over five times as long as second; length 11-13 mm

terminalis

3. Third cubital cell not broader above than below; second joint

of maxillary palpi about twice as long as first; third
antennal joint longer than combined length of fourth,
fifth, sixth, and seventh but shorter than length of these
plus length of eighth joint; black, dorsum of thorax and
first dorsal abdominal segment with pale pubescence; first
joint of labial palpi nearly six times as long as second;

length 15-17 rnm ursma

"According to the Rules on Nomenclature of the International Zoological Congrress. as
interpreted by F. D. Morice and John Hartley Durrant, AnthoPhora Latreille should be re-
placed by Z,a««^ Jurine. That change would require Lasius Fabricius to be set aside as
preoccupied.

736 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Third cubital cell broader above than below; third joint of
antennae nearly as long as fourth, fifth, and sixth to-
gether; pubescence of thorax and base of abdomen more
or less ochraceous; pubescence elsewhere black or black-
ish; second joint of maxillary palpi twice as long as first 4

4. Dorsum of thorax with some black hair; at least first and

second dorsal abdominal segments with pale pubescence S
Dorsum of thorax without or with little black hair; usually
only first dorsal abdominal segment with pale hair; first
joint of labial palpi nearly four times as long as second;
length 12-15 mm abrupta

5. Dorsum of thorax with black hair in center; length 12-15 mm,

bomboides
Dorsum of thorax with black hair forming a transverse band;
length 12-15 mm bomboides canadensis

Males.

1. Claw joints of mid legs simple; clypeus entirely yellow or

nearly so 2

Claw joints of mid legs ciliate; face marks, and scape in
front, whitish; clypeus partly black; pygidium rather dis-
tinct, the area indistinct; third antennal joint longer than
fourth, fifth, and sixth together; mandibles and abdomen
black; pubescence of head and thorax and first dorsal
abdominal segment long and griseous or ochraceous,
mixed with black on vertex and mesonotum; mid tarsi
fimbriate; length 15-16 mm ursina

2. Hind metatarsi with a large tooth; apex of labrum con-

cave, tufted with black hairs; third antennal joint about
as long as fourth and fifth together; spot on mandibles
and scape in front yellow; seventh dorsal abdominal
segment without a pygidial area; apex concave, bidentate;
pubescence of head, thorax, fore legs, and base of abdo-
men mostly ochraceous; elsewhere mostly black; length

12-14 mm 3

Hind metatarsi simple; labrum entire 4

3. Only first dorsal abdominal segment with pale pubescence

abrupta
First and second dorsal abdominal segments with pale pubes-
cence; dorsulum without or with few black hairs, .bomboides

4. Third antennal joint longer than fourth and fifth combined;

seventh dorsal abdominal segments furcate; labrum yel-
low; mandibles and scape usually black; pubescence
griseous, mixed with black above; length lo-ii mm...

terminalis
Third antennal joint longer than fourth; pygidial area
shining; labrum, mandibles, and scape black; dorsum of

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 737

thorax and first abdominal segment with ochraceous
pubescence floridana

A. (Emphorcpsis) floridana Smith.
New Haven, 28 April, 1902 (W. E. B.).

A. (Clisodon) terminalis Cresson.

Mt. Carmel, 27 August, 1904 (P. L. B.).

°A. (Anthemoessa) abrupta Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI.
iii, Fig. 30.

A. (A.) bomboides Kirby.

°A. (A.) bomboides canadensis Cresson.

°A. (Anthophora) ursina (Cresson).

YLYLMIDM.

This family is represented by one genus, Hylcrus, which con-
sists of small black bees, with pale, usually yellow, marks.

Hylaeus Fabricius.

Prosopis Fabricius.

Key to Species.

Females.
Fore coxae simple; at least the bases of tibiae yellowish;
propodeum rugose; first to sixth dorsal abdominal seg-
ments black.

1. First segment and base of second segment of abdomen black;

clavate face mark present 2

First segment and base of second seg/ient of abdomen red-
dish nelumbonis

2. Collar black; length 4-5 mm 3

Collar with yellow marks; tubercles and face marks yellow;

length 5-6 mm 4

3. Clypeus, tubercles, and tegulae usually with a yellow spot . .

pygmaeus

Clypeus with a subapical yellow band ellipticus

4. Edge of wing-base and tegulae black, the latter sometimes

with a yellow dot 5

Edge of wing-base and spot on tegulae yellow ziziae

5. Clypeus black "

Clypeus with a trilobed yellow mark at apical margin..

varifrons

47

738 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

6. Enclosure bordered by an impressed line, often obscured by

the reticulations; tegulae rarely with a dot modestus

Enclosure bordered by a raised line; tegulae often with a
yellow dot sayi

Males.

Fore coxae simple; propodeum rugose; at least the face, tarsi,
fore tibiae in front, and mid and hind tibiae at base, yel-
lowish.

1. Abdomen black at base; body black; face marks entire; tu-

bercles colored 2

Abdomen reddish at base . • nelumbonis

2. Lateral extension of face marks not ending near eye 3

Lateral extension of face marks ending near eye; collar

usually with two lines; length $-6 mm 4

3. Lateral extension of face marks usually club-shaped, diverg-

ing from eye; scape exteriorly and sometimes a dot on

tegulae pale yellowish; length 4 mm pygmaeus

Lateral extension of face marks hook-shaped, diverging from
eye; scape black; dot or mark on tegulae yellow . . . .verticalis

4. Scape concave exteriorly; tegulae with a yellow spot 5

Scape not concave exteriorly; tegulae and mandibles rarely

yellow 6

5. Edge of wing-base, labrum, mandibles more or less, often

scape exteriorly yellow; face marks club-shaped laterally;

yellow maculae at base and apex of mid tibiae, united ziziae

Edge of wing-base, labrum, mandibles, and scape blackish, or
at least not yellow; face marks spear-shaped laterally;
yellow only at base of mid tibiae pennsylvanicus

6. Mid and hind tibise with a blackish spot behind, hind ones

often entirely yellow; first dorsal abdominal segment
impunctate; face marks sometimes club-shaped laterally;

tegulae unspotted modestus

Mid and hind tibiae yellow at base; first dorsal abdominal
segment impunctate; face marks pointed on eye margin;
tegulae sometimes spotted; wings hyaline sayi

H. pygmaeus (Cresson).

Occurs throughout the State in May, June, July, and August.
Collected at Stafford, Colebrook, New Haven, Branford, and
Sachem's Head, on flowers of goldenrod and red raspberry.

H. ellipticus (CockereJl).

On flowers of goldenrod. Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E.
B.).

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 739

H. ziziae (Robertson).

Hartford (S. N. D.) ; Milldale, 21 May, 1906 (B. H. W.).

H. modestus (Say). Prosopis aMnis Smith. P. illinoiensis
Robertson.

On the wing throughout the state in June, July, and August,
on flowers of common meadow-sweet, parsnip, milkweed, golden-
rod, and common day-lily. Has been taken at Branford, Cole-
brook, Green's Farms, Mt. Carmel, New Haven, Sachem's Head,
Salisbury, Scotland, Stafford, and Westbrook.

'H. sayi (Robertson).

'H. varifrons (Cresson).

°H. verticalis (Cresson).

'H. pennsylvanicus (Cockerell).

'H. nelumbonis (Robertson).

oi

01

01

OI

COLLETID^.
These bees burrow in the ground to make their nests. At least
one of the indigenous species groups its nests into communities
which the late Dr. Henry Christopher McCook has called "bee
towns." A single genus occurs in the state.

Colletes Latreille.
Key to Species.

Females.

1. Fore coxae without distinct hairy spines; dorsum of thorax

with griseous pubescence, mixed with black 2

' Fore coxae with distinct hairy spines 4

2. Sixth ventral abdominal segment simple; propodeum truncate

and with a transverse series of subquadrate pits; postscutel
anteriorly without a transverse series of subquadrate pits;
clypeus in profile slightly convex, somewhat sulcate,

puncto-striate 3

Sixth ventral abdominal segment bicarinate; propodeum
rounded and with a triangular, reticulated, rugose en-
closure; third antennal joint longer than fourth or fifth;
malar space one-third as long as wide; length 9-11 mm.

^ compactus

3. Malar space more than one-third as long as wide, but shorter

than wide; clypeus shining, coarsely puncto-striate; trans-
facial line longer than facial; length 12-13 mm. . .. . . .inaequalis

740 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Malar space at least twice as long as wide or longer; facial
line longer than transfacial; clypeus sulcate, puncto-

striate validus

4. Malar space one-fiftJ» to one-fourth as long as wide; length
9-1 1 mm.; prothorax without strong lateral spines; pubes-
cence of dorsum of thorax not mixed with black; second
dorsal abdominal segment minutely punctate or impunc-
tate; wings yellowish; inner claw with a median tooth;
pubescence ochraceous americanus

Characters mostly as in americanus, as described above, but
second dorsal abdominal segment rather coarsely punc-
tate; fasciae narrow; second submarginal cell narrowed
about one-half above; claws cleft, the divisions nearly
equal aestivalis

Maies,

1. Fourth antennal joint shorter than second and third com-

bined, not much longer than third 2

Fourth antennal joint as long as second and third combined 3

2. Second to fifth ventral abdominal segments not densely

bearded laterally; malar space as in female; head as long
as wide; dorsum of thorax with ochraceous pubescence;
second submarginal cell not much narrower above than

below validus

Second to fifth ventral abdominal segments densely bearded;
malar space short, nearly as in female of astivalis; second
submarginal cell strongly narrowed above; size nearly as
in americanus aestivalis

3. Malar space at least one-half as long as wide 4

Malar space not more than one-third as long as wide; post-

scutel densely punctate and pubescent; mesonotum rather
evenly punctate; prothoracic spines indistinct; pubescence
ochraceous; length 8 mm americemus

4. Propodeum as in female; malar space as long as wide; pubes-

cence of dorsulum mixed with black; length 8-9 mm. . compactus
Propodeum as in female; body black; malar space shorter
than wide; length 10-12 mm inaequalis

C. inaequalis Say. C. propinquus Cresson. C. canadensis
Cresson.

New Haven, 4-10 May, 1904 (W. E. B., H. L. V.).

C. validus Cresson.

New Haven, 4-7 May, 1904 (W. E. B., H. L. V.).

C. compactus Cresson.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 741

°C. americanus Cresson.
C. aestivalis Patton.
C. sp.
Torrington, 7 July, 1905 (W. E. B.).

STELIDID^.

Black bees, with whitish margins to the dorsal abdominal
segments. Represented by a single genus.

Stelis Panzer.

Key to Species.

' Females.

Abdomen with narrow, continuous or interrupted whitish

fasciae on its dorsal segments foederalis

Abdomen with eight to fourteen whitish spots above lateralis

Males.

Third ventral abdominal segment with a median apical denti-
form carina; first to fifth dorsal segments with narrow,
continuous or interrupted whitish fasciae foeder«ilis

Third ventral abdominal segment simple; first to fifth dorsal
segments with lateral whitish spots lateralis

S, (Microstelis) foederalis Smith. .S". nitida Cresson.

S. (M.) lateralis Cresson.

MEGACHILID^

To this family belong the leaf-cutter bees and the bees para-
sitic upon them, as well as the mason-bees.

Key to Genera.

Females.

1. Abdomen not maculated 2

Abdomen maculated, claws cleft; abdomen with a scopa;

apical tarsal joint with an empodium; mixillary palpi with
two joints Dianthidium p. 752

2. Empodii absent; maxillary palpi 3-jointed; first dorsal abdom-

inal segment with a broad concavity 3

Empodii present; claws simple; abdomen witli a scopa 4

3. Abdomen with a scopa; axillae not produced into spines on

each side of scutel Megachile p. 742

Abdomen without a scopa; axillae produced into spines on
each side of scutel Ccelioxys p. 746

742 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

4. Black S

Metallic green, bluish or purplish Osmia p. 748

5. Vein separating stigma from first submarginal cell longer

than vein separating stigma from marginal cell; first dorsal
abdominal segment with a narrow sulcus . .Andronicus p. 750
Vein separating stigma from first submarginal cell not longer
than vein separating stigma from marginal cell; first dorsal
abdominal segment subtruncate, with a punctate cavity
bounded by a distinct rim Heriades p. 751

Males,

1. Abdomen not maculated 2

Abdomen maculated; maculations yellow or reddish; apical

tarsal joint and maxillary palpus as in female

• Dianthidium p. 752

2. Apical tarsal joint without an empodium: 3

Apical tarsal joint with an empodium 4

3. Axillae not produced into spines on each side of scutel

Megachile p. 742

Axillae produced into spines on each side of scutel

Ccelioxys p. 746

4. Black 5

Metallic green, bluish or purplish Osmia p. 748

5. Vein separating stigma from first submarginal cell longer

than vein separating stigma from marginal cell; first dorsal

abdominal segment as in female Andronicus p. 750

Vein separating stigma from first submarginal cell not longer
than vein separating stigma from marginal cell; first dorsal
abdominal segment as in female Heriades p. 751

Megachile Latreille.
Leaf-cutter bees that make tubular cells out of nearly semi-
circular pieces of leaves which they cut from various plants.

Key to Species.

Females,

Mandibles expanded at apex.

1. Abdomen viewed from above, oblong; third joint of maxillary

palpi shorter than first and second; second to fourth
dorsal abdominal segments without pubescent fasciae in

basal grooves 2

Abdomen viewed from above, cordate with an acute basal
tooth 3

2. Cheeks with a large tooth beneath; clypeus with a median

teeth pugnata

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 743

Cheeks unarmed; clypeus bisinuate, with a median angle and

two teeth on each side; mandibles with four teeth sayi

•3. Mandibles with five teeth; scopa yellow 4

Mandibles with four teeth 0

4. Ventral scopa yellowish; head, thorax, and abdomen with

yellowish pubescence, except for some black hairs on

dorsum _

Ventral scopa black and bright golden brownish; head and
thorax with white pubescence; first and second dorsal ab-
dominal segments with yellowish white pubescence, suc-
ceeding segments with black pubescence melanophea

5. Apical dorsal abdominal segment without black pubescence.. 6
Apical dorsal abdominal segment with black pubescence 7

6. Apical dorsal abdominal segment with its pubescence all

yellow latimana

Apical dorsal abdominal segment with appressed golden
brown pubescence and some basal non-appressed black
hairs, length 10 mm exclamans

7. Length 12 to 15 mm vidua

Length 11 mm infragilis

8. Ventral scopa yellowish or white; posterior ocellus not
• nearer to edge of vertex than to nearest eye margin; disc

of sixth dorsal abdominal segment with erect hairs that
are more appressed and dense apically; hair of apical
dorsal abdominal segment black at base, whitish apically,
that segment concave in profile before apical lip; clypeus

entire 9

Ventral scopa yellow; disc of apical dorsal abdominal seg-
ment straight in profile; hind metatarsi narrower than hind
tibiae mendica

9. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment finely and closely punctate;

pale pubescence white; hair of apical ventral segment

black generosa

Sixth dorsal abdominal segment densely and coarsely punc-
tate; pale pubescence griseous; hair of apical ventral seg-
ment usually whitish brevis

Males.
Mandibles with a large tooth beneath.

1. Fore tarsi flattened; coxal spines distinct; apical joint of

antennae broad and flat; fore tarsi colored 2

Fore tarsi simple, not flattened, black or nearly so 6

2. Fore coxae with one or more bristles in front; first joint of

front tarsi with a boat-shaped scale; lower angle of cheeks
grooved and with a distinct posterior spine; sixth dorsal
abdominal segment with an ordinary carina; its apical

744 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

margin* with a carina on each side, but no spines; apical
abdominal segment pointed; claws cleft, with an acute
basal tooth; mid metatarsi narrower than tibiae, more or
less colored; fore and mid femora and tibiae black, or
nearly so; fore trochanters and coxae black; boat-shaped

scale somewhat pointed 3

Fore coxas without bristles in front; front metatarsi with-
out a boat-shaped scale; apical margin of sixth abdominal
segment with two teeth on each side; claws without dis-
tinct basal teeth; mandibular tooth basal; cheeks beneath
with a large scale-like process; front coxae bare ante-
riorly, with large apical spines; front tarsi strongly
fringed, first joint hollowed out beneath; mid femora enor-
mous; sixth abdominal segment with a strong, deeply
notched carina; apical margin with strong median teeth;
apical segment outwardly arcuate, sometimes slightly
dentate 4

3. Tarsal scale with the tip virtually on a level with the tip of

third tarsal joint, edged with a short line of black pubes-
cence; two or three coxal bristles present pugnata

Tarsal scale with the tip about on a level with the tip of
second tarsal joint, edged with fuscous pubescence; four •
to five coxal bristles present sayi

4. Apex of abdomen not stylate beneath 5

Apex of abdomen stylate beneath, with three processes,

apical dorsal abdominal segment semicircularly emar-
ginate; pubescence as in female melanophea

5. Dorsum of body with black pubescence confined to third,

fourth, and fifth abdominal segments vidua

Dorsum of body without black pubescence latimana

6. Coxal spines strongly developed; sixth abdominal segment

with carina transverse, strongly notched or denticulated;
mandibles tridentate; spines on apical margin of sixth ab-
dominal segment short and more or less concealed 7

Coxal spines wanting; mandibles tridentate; carina on sixth
abdominal segment semicircular, entire or nearly so, its
edge at most slightly denticulated; apical margin with two
lateral teeth; seventh abdominal segment pointed; pubes-
cence mostly pale ochraceous except on dorsum of body,
where there is much black pubescence infragilis

7. Pubescence mixed with black on dorsum; carina of sixth

dorsal abdominal segment convex laterally; lateral ocellus
not nearer edge of vertex than to nearest eye; carina of
sixth dorsal abdominal segment with its margin jagged;

♦This is beneath and anterior to what is superficially the apical margin of the jag'Sfcd
or emarginate crest of the sixth dorsal abdominal segment.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

745

margin of this segment with four teeth; seventh abdominal
segment pointed; front tarsi strongly ciliate 8

Pubescence pale yellowish or griseous, rarely mixed with
black; sixth dorsal abdominal segment with a jagged
carina, its middle usually notched, its apical margin with
a lateral tooth and an inner dentiform carina nearer to the

lateral tooth than to its fellow of the opposite side brevis

8. Pubescence white; median tooth of sixth abdominal segment
nearer to the lateral one than to its fellow of the opposite
side generosa

Pubescence more ochraceous; median tooth of sixth abdom-
inal segment nearer to its fellow than to the lateral one

mendica

°M. (Sayapis) pugnata Say.

°M. (S.) sayi Cresson. M. initnica Cresson. Howard,
Insect Book, PI. iii, Fig. 4.

°M. (Xanthosarus) melanophea Smith.

M. (X.) latimana Say. PI. x, Fig. i ; Howard, Insect
Book, PL i, Fig. 23.

Occurs along the coast. New Haven, 20 June, 1902 (E. J. S.
M.) ; Sachem's Head, Guilford, i August, 1904 (H. L. V.) ;
Branford, 29 July, 1905 (H. W. W.).

*M. (X.) exclamans Viereck.
Type-locality: West Thompson, 12 July, 1905 (H. L. V.) ;
also from Stafford, 24 August, 1905 (W. E. B.), on goldenrod
or sunflower.

M. (Delomegachile, new subgenus) vidua Smith. M.

frigida Smith.

Branford, 15 July 1904 (H. W. W.).

M. (Anthemois) infragilis Cresson. Howard, Insect Book,
PI, iii, Fig. 12.

Along the coast. Taken on milkweed and burdock (Arctium
lappa) flowers. Branford, 3, 11, 22 August, 1904 (H. W. W.) ;
Sachem's Head, Guilford, i August, 1904 (H. L. V.).

M. (Megachile) mendica Cresson. Howard, Insect Book,

PI. iv. Fig. 25.

North Haven, 3 August, 1905 ; Westbrook, 30 August, 1904

(H. L. v.).

746 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

°M. (M.) generosa Cresson.

M. (M.) brevis Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. iii, Fig. 5.

Occurs all over the State, from June to September. Has been
taken at Branford, New Canaan, New Haven, North Haven,
Poquonock, Rockville, Sachem's Head, Salisbury, Scotland, and
Stafford, on sunflower, goldenrod, and milkweed flowers.

Ccelioxys Latreille.
This genus of bees is parasitic upon species of the preceding
genus.

Key to Species.

Females.

1. Clypeus convex 2

Clypeus bilobed; sixth abdominal segment rather abruptly

narrowed sayi

2. First dorsal abdominal segment with apical fasciae, edge

of its concavity hardly carinate; scutel rounded or with a
blunt tubercle; second to fourth dorsal abdominal seg-
ments without oblique basal fasciae 3

First dorsal abdominal segment with apical fasciae, edge of
its concavity carinate 6

3. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment slightly sinuate laterally.. 4
Sixth dorsal abdominal segment strongly, abruptly narrowed;

legs black; tarsi red dubitata

4. Legs black 5

Legs red octodentata

5. Dorsulum dull moesta

Dorsulum shining lucrosa

^. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment curved downward and drawn

out into a rounded spine 7

Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with a straight terminal
spine; corresponding ventral segment broadly rounded,

mucronate, brownish ciliate lucrosa

7. Sixth ventral abdominal segment curved at right angles to its

basal half, mucronate, yellowish ciliate moesta

Sixth ventral abdominal segment arched, mucronate, yellow-
ish ciliate dubitata

Males.

I. Cheeks with posterior inferior angle beveled or grooved;
second and third dorsal abdominal segments without basal
fasciae; fifth segment with lateral apical spines; sixth with
two lateral and four terminal spines, median sulcus about
one-third the width of the segment; scutel rounded or

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

747

with a slight median tubercle; first dorsal abdominal seg-
ment with apical fasciae, edge of concavity hardly carinate 2
Cheeks beneath punctate, concave, their posterior edge cari-
nate -

2. Beveled portion of cheeks rather opaque and rough; disc of

abdomen opaque, densely punctate, deep transverse basal
sulcus on second segment; fourth ventral segment biden-

tate, legs black 3

Beveled portion of cheeks shining; impunctate; fourth ventral
abdominal segment entire 4

3. Tarsi red dubitata

Tarsi black dubitata var. melanopoda

4. Disc of abdomen shining, rather sparsely punctate, sulcus on

its second dorsal segment rather shallow; legs black,

tibiae and tarsi more or less tinged with red sayi

Disc of abdomen opaque, densely punctate, sulcus on its
second segment rather deep; legs reddish octodentata

5. Second and third dorsal abdominal segments without basal

pubescent fasciae, fifth with rudimentary lateral spines,
sixth with two lateral and four terminal spines, median
sulcus about one-third the width of the segment; femora

blackish brown, tibiae and tarsi more brownish sodalis

Second and third dorsal abdominal segments with basal inter-
rupted pubescent fasciae, fifth with lateral spines, sixth with
two lateral and four terminal spines, median sulcus about
one-third the width of the segment; legs black; fourth
ventral abdominal segment not spinose lateralis

C. sayi Robertson.

New Haven, 20 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.) ; New Canaan, 14
September, 1905 (B. H. W.).

°C. lucrosa Cresson.

*C. moesta Cresson.
Type locality: Connecticut (E. N.).

C. dubitata Smith. C. rufitarsus Smith. Howard, Insect

Book, PI. iv. Fig. 10.

New Haven, 20 July, 1904; 8 October, 1903 (W. E. B.) ; 16

October, 1903 (H. L. V.).

*C. dubitata var. melanopoda Viereck (new variety).
Type-locality: New Haven, 17 June, 1905, on flowers of wild
red raspberry (Rubus strigosus) (H. L. V.).

C. octodentata Say. Howard, Insect Book. PI. iii, Fig. 10.

748 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

North Haven, 3 August, 1905, on flowers of Pycnanthenium;
Westbrook, 30 August, 1904, on goldenrod (H. L. V.) ; Bran-
ford, 22 August, 1904 (H. W. W.).

°C. sodalis Cresson.

°C. lateralis Cresson.

Osmia Panzer.
The bees of this genus are known as mason-bees, owing to
the fact that they construct nests of clay and sand in the inter-
stices of stone walls, old fence-posts, trunks of trees, etc.

Key to Species.

Females.

1. Malar space distinct; ventral scopa black; face with or with-

out some black hairs; that section of subdiscoidal vein
forming lower border of third discoidal cell longer than
principal section of vein separating first and second dis-
coidal cells 2

Malar space wanting; mandibles simple at base 4

2. Clypeus entire 3

Clypeus with a large subquadrate emargination, with denti-
form lateral angles; malar space posteriorly with a large
compressed tubercle; mandibles with a large triangular
inner tooth; basal vein received beyond nervulus lignaria

3. Clypeal margin produced and thickened; mandibles tridentate,

with a transverse basal carina; basal vein received before

nervulus bucephala

Clypeal margin not thickened or produced; mandibles quadri-
dentate, with a transverse basal depression; basal vein
received a little beyond nervulus purpurea

4. Front without tubercles 5

Front with two tubercles, one above the other; mandibles tri-
dentate; clypeus with a shining, somewhat concave, edge;
basal vein not received before nervulus; scopa white ..

conjuncta

5. Ventral scopa white or yellowish 6

Ventral scopa black; head with pale pubescence 9

6. Scopa white; mandibles quadridentate or tridentate 7

Scopa yellowish; mandibles quadridentate; basal vein re-
ceived before nervulus distincta

7. Basal vein not received before nervulus 8

Basal vein received before nervulus; clypeus rather distinctly

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 749

emarginate. with a rather dense apical fascia of dull whitish
pubescence; front usually with an opaque blackish patch

a r^ k j j canadensis

8. Uypeus subquadndentate, with a median emargination and

two lateral teeth albiventria

Clypeus entire; scopa sometimes blackish on fifth and sixth
ventral segments; ventral scopa white pumila

9. Mandibles quadridentate; length 11 mm major

Mandibles tridentate; length 8 mm atriventris

*

Males.

1. Apical margin of seventh dorsal abdominal segment entire

or slightly emarginate, of sixth entire 2

Apical margin of seventh dorsal abdominal segment bidentate 4

2. Mid tarsi simple ,

Mid tarsi broad, 3-sided; third antennal joint as long as

fourth; hind metatarsi arcuate, clavate; hind spur twice

as long as its fellow bucephala

3. Mid femora produced beneath; fourth antennal joint as long

as second and third combined; hind metatarsi toothed

beyond middle; pubescence mixed with black lignaria

Mid femora simple; third antennal joint longer than fourth;
pubescence pale albiventris

4. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment more or less notched me-

dially, not strongly sinuate or dentate; first ventral seg-
ment entire 5

Sixth dorsal abdominal segment entire medially, strongly
sinuate and strongly dentate laterally; front with two
tubercles, one above the other conjuncta

5. Antennae filiform 6

Antennas moniliform; hind metatarsi arcuate, clavate. .simillima

6. Hind metatarsi simple 7

Hind metatarsi dentate near middle of inner margin; hind

spurs equal in length, and nearly one-half length of hind
metatarsi vicina

7. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment strongly notched; dull

greenish 8

Sixth dorsal abdominal segment at most with a shallow
notch; brassy green; margin of sixth abdominal segment
stramineous , pumila

8. Length more than 7.5 mm 9

Length less than 7.5 mm., or 6.5-7 rn»" rustica

9. Length 10 mm , major

Length 8 mm atriventris

750 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

O. (Ceratosmia) lignaria Say.

Has been captured in New Haven, 25 May, 1904 (B. H. W.),
4 May, 1904 (H. L. v.), and in Branford, 8, 11, 26, 29 May, 1905
(H. W. W.), visiting apple and quince blossoms.
°0. (Centrosmia) bucephala Cresson. O. latitarsis Cresson.

O. (Osmia) pumila Cresson.

New Haven, 17 June, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.). Visits flowers
of the red raspberry.

O. (O.) major Robertson.

New Haven, 9 June, 1905 (B. H. W.) ; Branford, 3 July, 1906,
(H. W. W.), visiting floWers of honeysuckle {Lonicera fragran-
tissima).

O. (O.) simillima Smith.

*0. (O.) atriventris Cresson.
Farmington ( ?) ; Berlin, 30 June, 1905 (W. E. B.).

O. (O.) rustica Cresson.

Branford, 29 May, 1905 (H. W. W.), on lilac blossoms.

°0. (O.) vicina Cresson.

*0. (O.) purpurea Cresson. \
Farmington (?).

*0. (Nothosmia) distincta Cresson. Howard, Insect Book,
PI. iii, Fig. 13.

Farmington (?).

°0. (Monilosmia) canadensis var. cognata Cresson. Howard,
Insect Book, PI. iii, Fig. 18.

*0. (Diceratosmia) conjuncta Cresson. O. quadridentata, O.
cressoni.

*0. (Leucosmia) albiventris Cres$on.

Andronicus Cresson.
To this group belong black, slender species.

Key to Species.

Females.
I. Mandibles tridentate; clypeus coarsely punctate; ventral

scopa whitish 2

Mandibles quadridentate; clypeus finely punctate; ventral
scopa yellowish cylindricus

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 75 1

2. Scutel swollen; head beneath smooth, shining, impunctate,
edge of cheeks beneath with a row of long incurved hairs;

clypeus with a median raised line tnincatus

Scutel convex; head beneath punctate, long, pilose; clypeus
without a raised line .productus

V Males.
. Fourth to twelfth antennal joints broader than long, apical
joint produced to a point; sixth dorsal abdominal seg-
ment with lateral apical spines 2

Fourth to seventh antennal joints dilated, eighth and ninth
broader than long, tenth to thirteenth longer than broad;
seventh dorsal abdominal segment rounded, a little dilated,
foveate; first ventral segment produced to a spine, second
broad and concave, fourth with visible apical lateral angles

cylindricus

2. Seventh dorsal abdominal segment not broadly rounded .... 3
Seventh dorsal abdominal segment broadly rounded, second

ventral segment longest, with a transverse subapical ridge

truncatxu

3. Seventh dorsal abdominal segment produced into a spine;

second ventral abdominal segment with a great tooth-like

process productus

Seventh dorsal abdominal segment produced into a stylus
which in outline is finger-shaped; second ventral abdominal
segment simple, convex, somewhat swollen pilosifrons

*A. (Andronicus) cylindricus Cresson.

Farmington ( ?).

A. (Alcidamea) truncatus Cresson.

New Haven, 28 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.) ; West Thompson,
12 July, 1905 (H. L. v.).

A. (A.) productus Cresson.

New Haven, 24 June, 1902 (E, J. S. M.), 17 June, 1905 (H.
L. V.) ; Poquonock, 27 June, 1905, West Thompson, 12 July,
1905 (H. L. v.).
*A. (A.) pilosifrons Cresson.

Heriades Spinola.

A single species of this genus occurs in the State, and this,
like allied forms, is black and covered with pale pubescence.

H. (Trypetes) carinatus Cresson.

Female with the lower border of the mandibles simple, not
sinuate ; clypeus emarginate, its sides with two or three denticles.

752 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Male with the second ventral abdominal segment subtruncate ;
third antennal joint about one-half as long as the fourth; flagel
stramineous ; clypeus bearded.

Occurs all over the State in June, July, and August. Has been
taken at Branford, Sachem's Head, Prospect, and Putnam.

Dianthidium Cockerell.

The French call the species of this genus " resiniers,"
because they use resin in cementing fragments to form their nests.

Key to Species.

Females.

Vertex black; face, clypeus, thorax, legs, and abdomen macu-
lated with yellow; first to fifth dorsal abdominal segments
each with a lateral transverse fascia which is indented
posteriorly except on first segment; first segment with an
additional median transverse fascia; apex of clypeus
simple simile

Vertex with a transverse reddish or yellowish band along its
posterior margin; face with a stramineous portion that is
partly yellowish stramineous, partly reddish stramineous
or yellow, on each side of the black, partly yellow clypeus;
rest of head black; thorax with yellowish or reddish
maculae; legs entirely, or almost entirely, yellowish or red-
dish; first dorsal abdominal segment with a yellow or red-
dish mark on each side, second with an interrupted fascia,
third, fourth, and fifth divided into three parts by a nearly
quadrate yellow mark on each side notatum

Males.

Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with an abbreviated, im-
perfect, median raised line just at apex of segment; its
apical margin not toothed; seventh in form of an oblong «
plate, which is prolonged to form an apical, short, rounded
production of apical margin of segment, which is emargin-
ate on each side of this apical process; maculated like the
female; in addition, clypeus all yellow, mandibles
maculated, and seventh dorsal abdominal segment mostly
yellow simile

Sixth dorsal abdominal segment and other parts maculated
essentially as in the female of notatum notatum

D. simile Cresson.
Farmington ?

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 753

D. notatum Latreille.

Sachem's Head, i August, 1904 (H. L. V.).

CERATINID^.

These are the small carpenter-bees, represented in this State
by a single genus and two species.

\ Ceratina Latreille.

Key to Species.

Females.

Length 7-8 mm., bluish green, wings faintly smoky; tubercles
white or cream color; without a pale lateral face mark.

Males.

Apical abdominal plate not subacute, lip-like in outline;
tubercles pale, white or cream-color; mandibles dark at
base; anterior tibiae blue in front, light stripe on outer
side poorly defined or absent; face and disc of dorsal
abdomir^l segments closely punctate dupla

Apical plate of abdomen subacute; tubercles as in dupla;
brassy green; arms of clypeal mark about equal; anterior
tibiae with a white line extending their entire length; length
5-6 mm metallica

C. dupla Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. i. Fig. 25,
Occurs all over the State in May, June, July, and August,
replacing the pith of elder, etc., with its cells, and visiting flowers
of the red raspberry and goldenrod. Has. been taken at Branford,
New Haven, Colebrook, Prospect, Stafford, and Stonington.

C. metallica H. S. Smith. The females of this species
appear to be indistinguishable from the females of dupla.
Plantsville, 15 October, 1906 (A. R. Selig).

XYLOCOPID^.
This family is represented in Connecticut by a single species,
the well-known carpenter-bee, which sometimes makes itself dis-
liked by tunneling in posts used to support buildings.

Xylocopa virginica Drury. PI. x, Fig. 2.

Superficially like Bremus impatiens, but the male has a
" white face." No doubt occurs throughout the State from May
to October. Visits apple blossoms. Branford, New Haven, and

Hartford.
48

754 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

APID^.

This family consists of the well known honey-bees and
bumble-bees.

Key to Genera,

1. Hind tibiae with two apical spurs 2

Hind tibias without apical spurs Apis p. 760

2. Females and workers 3

Males S

3. Hind tibiae more or less concave, bare, with hairs along the

margin forming a pollen-basket or corbicula 4

Hind tibiae convex, evenly hairy Psithyrus p. 759

4. Ocelli above the narrowest part of the front, the lateral ones

about as far from the eyes as from each other . .Bremus p. 754
Ocelli in the narrowest part of the front, the lateral ones
farther from each other than from the eyes ...Bombias p. 758

5. Malar space about as long as wide; ocelji vertical, the lateral

ones about as far from the eyes as from each other; third

antennal joint shorter than the fifth 6

Malar space much shorter than wide; ocelli ' frontal, the
lateral ones less than their diameter from the eyes; vertex
depressed, third antennal joint in length equalling or ex-
ceeding fifth Bombias p. 758

6. Outer face of hind tibiae wth hair not much shorter than that

of posterior border 7

Outer face of hind tibiae bare or nearly so, posterior border
with long hair Bremus p. 754

7. Vertex with black pubescence; a band of black pubescence

between wings Bremus p. 754

Vertex with yellow pubescence, or with most of its hair
black; with or without a band of black pubescence be-
tween wings Psithyrus p. 759

Bremus Panzer.

Bombus Latreille.
To this and the succeeding genus belong the most conspicuous
of the local wild bees. These are usually called " bumble-bees,"
though in Europe there are species of Bremus that are called
carder bees." All of them live in nests usually constructed
underground in meadows, pastures, and other localities, each nest
containing many workers, females, and males. Bumble-bees are
frequent visitors of various flowers and they store a small amount
of honey in a comb of few cells. The carder bees or carding bees
are so called owing to their interesting habit of carding and
plaiting the moss with which they build their nests. It is said

«

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

755

that, when in the act of building, these bees form a line from the
site of the prospective nest to the moss supply, all facing the moss ;
the first bee bites off a piece of the moss, cards and rolls it with its
jaws and feet, then passes it on to the second bee, where it is again
manipulated and passed to the third ; and so it goes along the line
until it reaches the nest, where it is incorporated with wax into a
dome-like structure. No such habits have as yet been observed
in connection with our native species.

Key to Species.

Females and Workers.

1. Vertex with black pubescence like mesonotum a

Vertex with yellow pubescence like mesonotum 7

2. Mesonotum with a band of yellow pubescence in front; base

of labrum as in vagans 3

Mesonotum with yellow pubescence, and some black hairs in
center; base of labrum with two elevations; other pubes-
cence similarly colored to pubescence in var. consimilis. . . .vagans

3. Scutellar hairs pale 4

Scutellar hairs black, sometimes mixed with yellow; second

and third dorsal abdominal segments with yellow pubes-
cence 6

4. Scutellar hairs yellow 5

Scutellar hairs yellow with the exception of an admixture of

black hairs; first and fourth dorsal abdominal segments
with yellow pubescence, second and third with orange,
fifth and sixth with black, and venter with black pubes-
cense; malar space as long as wide temarius

5. First to fourth dorsal abdominal segments with yellow pubes-

cence; malar space slightly longer than wide fcrvidus

First dorsal abdominal segment with yellow pubescence,
second with pubescence yellow and brownish; malar space
wider than long affinls

6. Apical dorsal abdominal segment with blackish pubescence,

first segment with yellow pubescence, mixed with black on
lateral basal angles, or entire basal portion black, apical
margin always with yellow hairs more abundant in middle

pennsylvanicus

Apical dorsal abdominal segment with yellow hairs, basal
segment with black pubescence terricola

7. First dorsal abdominal segment not the only dorsal segment

with yellow pubescence; malar space as long as or longer

than wide

First dorsal abdominal segment only with yellow pubescence;
disc of mesonotum with black hairs; labrum with a basal

756 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

ridge forming a subquadrate sinus nearly reaching apical
margin; malar space shorter than wide impatiens

8. First, second, and third dorsal abdominal segments with

yellow pubescence; fourth segment in addition sometimes

with all or most of its pubescence yellow g

First and second dorsal abdominal segments, only, with more
or less yellow pubescence; mesonotum with some black
hairs; base of labrum with two tubercles or elevations.. lo

9. Labrum bituberculate perplexus

Latrum not bituberculate but medially impressed borealis

10. Second dorsal abdominal segment with yellow hairs on basal

middle bimaculatus

Second dorsal abdominal segment with yellow pubescence
throughout except sometimes apically, where it may be
more or less black .vagans van consimilis

Males,

1. Hind tibiae rather evenly covered with short hair; antennae

with fifth joint nearly as long as third and fourth com-
bined; vertex with black pubescence, a band of black hairs

on mesonotum between insertion of wings 2

Hind tibiae with short, sparse hair on outer face, posterior
border with its hair as long as diameter of joint S

2. First to fifth dorsal abdominal segments not all with yellow

pubescence 3

First to fifth dorsal abdominal segments with yellow
pubescence 4

3. First to fourth dorsal abdominal segments with yellow pubes-

cence, fifth, sixth, and seventh with their pubescence black
or fulvous, or yellow with fulvous at tip, yellow with

black at tip, or black with fulvous at tip pennsylvanicus

First dorsal abdominal segment apparently alone with yel-
low pubescence (sometimes there is some yellow pubes-
cence at the base of second segment) impatiens

4. Sixth and seventh dorsal abdominal segments with black

pubescence in middle, apex with black pubescence. . .borealis
Sixth and seventh dorsal abdominal segments with all
pubescence black fervidus

5. Vertex with part or all of its hair black 6

Vertex with yellow pubescence; first, second, and third dorsal

abdominal segments with yellow pubescence, fourth with
yellow or black pubescence, next two segments with most
or all of their hair black, apex of dorsum of abdomen with
pale hairs; venter with pale pubescence perplexus

6. Vertex with its hair partly black ^ 7

Vertex with all of its hair black; mesonotum with yellow

pubescence and a transverse band of black pubescence;

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 757

first and second dorsal abdominal segments with yellow
hairs, apex with black pubescence affinis

7. Mesonotum with its yellow pubescence not restricted to

anterior half 0

Mesonotum with yellow pubescence only in front; second and
third dorsal abdominal segments and apex of abdomen
with yellowish pubescence terricola

8. Mesonotum with yellow pubescence throughout; first, fourth,

and fifth dorsal abdominal segments with some or all of
their pubescence yellow, second with most of its hairs
yellow, those at extreme sides black, apex of abdomen with
black pubescence above, venter with most of its pubes-
cence pale yellow bimaculatus

Mesonotum with a transverse band of black pubescence; first
to fourth dorsal abdominal segments with yellow pubes-
cence, fifth mostly with yellow, sixth and seventh with
black, second and third with orange pubescence, venter
with pale pubescence temarius

B. vagans Smith. Howard, Insect Book, PI. ii, Fig. 10.

Occurs throughout the State, from May to September. Bran-
ford, Colebrook, Prospect, Stonington.

B. vagans var. consimilis Cresson.

Occurs all over the State in May, June, July and August
Visits apple blossoms.

B. fervidus Fabricius.

New Haven, Branford, East Hartford, Mt. Carmel, Salisbury,
Torrington, and Milford, in May, June, July, and August (E. J.
S. M., H. W. W., W. E. B., P. L. B., H. L. V.).

B. affinis Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI. ii. Fig. 6.
Occurs throughout the State. Branford, Colebrook, New
Haven, and Salisbury.

B. ternarius Say. Howard, Insect Book, PI. i. Fig. 26.

Recorded from the State, but is probably confined to the more
northern and elevated portions, as it belongs to the Canadian
fauna.

B. pennsylvanicus Degeer. B. americanornm Fabricius.
Howard, Insect Book, PI. i. Figs. 30 and 31.

Seems to fly in all parts of the State from May to August
inclusive.

758 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

B. terricola Kirby. PI. x, Fig. 8 ; Howard, Insect Book, PI.

ii. Figs. I and 5.

Branford, 15 May, 1905 (H. W. W.) ; Colebrook, 21 July,

1905 (H. L. v.).

B. impatiens Harris. B. virginicus Fabricius. PI. x. Fig. 11.

Occurs throughout the State from April to September. Bran-
ford^ New Haven, Putnam and Salisbury.

*B. perplexus Cresson.
Branford, 29 July, 1905 (H. W. W.) ; Westville, 13 May,
1905 (W. E. B.).
°B. borealis Kirby.

*B. bimaculatus Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI. ii,
Figs. 4 and 8.

New Haven, 13, 27 June, 1902 (E. J. S. M.), 3 June, 20 July,
1904, II May, 1905 (W. E. B.) ; Branford, 8, 11, 29 M'ay, 1905
(H. W. W.) ; Southington, 11 July, 1904 (W. E. B.).

Bombias Robertson.
This genus greatly resembles Bremus, from which it was
segregated in 1903. Two species are found in Connecticut.

Key to Species.

Females.

Lateral ocellus nearly equidistant from eye and supra-orbital
line; front of thorax yellow; labrum with a transverse in-
terrupted ridge at base; third antennal joint as long as
fourth and fifth joints combined, fourth and fifth being
equal; vertex yellow or with two yellow lines or tufts;
scutel yellow or black, or mixed; first abdominal segment
in middle always black, hairs often extending over base of
second; second and third segments yellow; malar space
about as long as wide auricomus

Lateral ocellus about twice as far from eye as from supra-
orbital line; thorax yellow, its disc mixed with black pubes-
cence; first dorsal abdominal segment and middle of basal
part of second yellow, sometimes inclining to reddish;
malar space shorter than wide separatus

' Males.

Ocelli located in narrowest part of front; malar space about
one-third as long as wide; third antennal joint equal in
length to fifth; pubescence of first dorsal abdominal seg-

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

759

ment arnd base of second, and on mesonotum, mostly or en-
tirely yellow separatuB

Ocelh located below narrowest part of front; malar space
approximately one-half as long as wide; third antennal
joint equal in length to fourth and fifth joints combined;
mesonotum, first, second, and third dorsal abdominal seg-
ments and sometimes fourth also, with part or all of their
pubescence, yellow auricomua

B. separatus Cresson.

New Haven, May, 1903 (W. E. B.).

B. auricomus Robertson.

Branford, 22 May, 1905 (H. W. W.).

Psithyrus LePeletier.
In this genus we have the false or parasitic bumble-bees.
They have no workers, only queens and males, and live at the
expense of their hosts, the true bumble-bees.

Key to Species.

Females.

1, Abdomen finely punctate a

Abdomen coarsely punctate; pubescence long, coarse, blunt;

third dorsal segment usually, first, second, and fourth
often, more or less yellow laterally; pleurae yellow; meso-
notum yellow, often with some black hairs on its disc laboriosus

2. Abdominal pubescence short, fine, black, rarely a little yellow

on lateral apical margins of fourth dorsal segment; pleurae
and space between wings with black pubescence ...variabilis
Abdominal pubescence long, i mm, or nearly i mm. in length,
black except on third and fourth dorsal segments, on the
former of which part of the pubescence is pale yellowish,
and, on the latter, it is all yellowish; pleurae and posterior
half of dorsum of thorax with black pubescence; wings
brownish ashtoni

Males.

1. Pleurae entirely covered with yellow pubescence; fourth dor-

sal abdominal segment covered with entirely black pubes-
cence ^

Pleurae at least partly covered with dark brown or black pu-
bescence • 3

2. Dorsulum with black hairs in center laboriosus

Dorsulum with a transverse band of black pubescence....

laboriosus var. contiguus

760 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull,

3. First dorsal abdominal segment covered with yellow pubes-
cence ashtoni

First dorsal abdominal segment entirely dark variabilis

P. laboriosus Fabricius. P. citrinus Smith. Howard,
Insect Book, PL ii, Fig. 22.

Branford, 3 August, 1905 (H. W. W.) ; Salisbury, 30 August,
1904 (W. E. B.).

*P. laboriosus var. contiguus Cresson.

P. ashtoni Cresson.

New Haven, 4 July, 1905 (H. L. V.).

*P. variabilis Cresson. Howard, Insect Book, PI. iii.

Fig- 35-

Apis Linnaeus.

The bees of this genus are regarded as the most highly devel-
oped, not only of the Hymenoptera, but of all insects. A. nielli-
fera Linnaeus and its varieties, commonly known as the honey-bee,
furnish the honey and wax of commerce and were all introduced
into America from various parts of Europe.

Many volumes have been published about honey-bees, and it
is unnecessary to discuss them here at great length. The reader is
referred to Maeterlinck's " Life of the Bee " for a popular ac-
count, and to Farmers' Bulletin No. 447, United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, for an introduction to the vast technical
literature on this subject.

A. mellifera Linnjeus. A. mellifica Linnaeus. Honey-bee.
PI. X, Fig. 3.

Domestic and wild swarms found throughout the State.
Visits many flowers, including apple, pear, peach, and blackberry.
Howard, Insect Book, gives the following illustrations :

Head and tongue of worker bee Fig. i, p. 4.

Heads of queen and drone Fig. 2, p. 5.

Queen cells and worker brood Fig. 3, p. 7.

Queen honey-bee Fig. 4, p. 7.

Legs of different bees | p|; |' P' I'

APPENDIX.

Since the manuscript of this bulletin was sent to the printer
it has been learned that the following additional species occur in
Connecticut. They are included here in order to make the work
more complete.

TENTHREDINOIDEA.
TENTHREDINID^.

Diprion simile Hartig. Lophyrus similis.

A robust species from Europe, the larvae feeding upon leaves
of various species of pine. First discovered in this country at
New Haven in 1914, and has apparently become established here.
For a full account of habits, life history, and parasites of this spe-
cies, see Journal of Economic Entomology, viii, 379; Report of
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station for 1915. The fol-
lowing description of the adults was printed in Journal of Eco-
nomic Entomology, viii, 380: —

"Male: Wing-spread, 14 mm. ( y\ inch). Length, 7 mm.
Large pectinate antennae. Head and pronotum coarsely punc-
tured. Head, antennae and body, black. Cerci and tip of the last
abdominal segment, orange. Legs yellow, with the trochanters
and basal two-thirds of the femora, brownish black.

" Female: Wing-spread, 20 mm. (little over ^ inch). Length,
8 mm. ( y\ inch). Robust, head and antennae black. Thorax
coarsely punctured, yellow with a large shield-shaped black spot
on mesothorax, extending from the interior margin and covering
about two-thirds of the space between the parapsidal grooves.
On either side are a pair of L-shaped black marks which approach
each other posteriorly. Posterior margin of the mesothorax,
postscutellum and prosternum, black. Abdomen yellow with
dorsal surface of 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, and the anterior portion of 7th
segment, black. Legs yellow with the outer surface of hind
femora, the apex of the middle and hind tarsi, dark."

New Haven, 27 August, 1914 (W. E. B.) ; Derby, 11 June,
1915 (M. P.Zappe); New Canaan, 24 June, 1915 (Q. S. Lowry

761

762 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

and M. P. Zappe) ; Hartford, 28 June, 1915 (Q. S. Lowry) ;
Greenwich, 24 September, 191 5 (M. P. Zappe).

(See page 43 for key to other species of Diprion.)

Emphytus cinctus Linnaeus. European Rose Sawfly.

This species feeds upon rose and raspberry in Europe, and
the larvce have been found many times in the pith of cut stems
of manetti rose stock imported into Connecticut from France
and England. It may become established in this country.

The following description is copied from F. V. Theobald's
Insect Pests of Fruits, page 435 : —

" Adult 12 to 14 mm. General colour shiny black; head black,
with fuscous grey down; palpi and labrum black, but the latter
may be pale grey, and also the apex of the former; the nine-
jointed antennae are deep black. Thorax black, with two round
yellow to white spots, placed posteriorly.

"Abdomen shiny black, a small but distinct pale blotch on
the middle of the posterior of the first segment; the fifth seg-
ment has a dull white to bright white basal band spreading out
at the sides and passing ventrally ; the apex is hairy, curved and
projecting. Legs, with the anterior and mid coxae and trochanters
black and testaceous; the hind coxae and trochanters yellowish-
white; the fore and mid femora are black, except at the apex
where they are testaceous or reddish, in the hind femora the base
is white ; tibiae and tarsi brick-dust red, but the tarsi show fuscous
shades, especially apically.

" Wings hyaline, with a small pale basal spot ; costa reddish
brown to brown ; stigma black apically.

" The male is much like the female, but has no pale area on
the fifth segment, the whole being shiny black; the antennae are
very similar but a trifle thicker; the hind femora are entirely
dark, and the palpi are quite white apically."

(See page 55 for key to other species of Emphytus.)

*Tenthredo lobata maculosa Smulyan.

This subspecies was described in Canadian Entomologist, vol-
ume xlvii, p. 324, 1915, as follows: —

" Tenthredella lobata (Norton), subspecies maculosa Smul-
yan.

"Allantus hiatus var. a. Norton, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., vii,
i860, p. 253, n. 32, 8°.

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT., 763

Tenthredo lobatus var. a. Norton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, ii,
1868-69, p. 229, n. 6, 8°.

" Norton's specimen of var. a, as far as I know, is lost, but
there is an authentic female specimen from Connecticut in
the Norton Collection in the Peabody Museum, Yale University.
Can this specimen be the original one?

" Female. — Differs from lobata lobata as follows : —

" Head, — A yellowish, or yellowish white spot, or longitu-
dinal line usually on the posterior portion of the vertex plate on
each side, very often a minute elongate spot at the terminus of
each arm of the epicranial suture ; the black spot on the posterior
half of the cheek sometimes coalesces with that along the upper
part of the eye; basal segment of antennae usually black inside,
and the yellowish line outside sometimes absent. Supraantennal
ridges from moderately prominent to prominent.

" Thorax. — Margin of pronotum not interrupted antero-
dorsally ; V-spot on prescutum very often not complete posterior-
ly; the following additional parts yellow or yellowish white, —
a short longitudinal line on the mesoscutum on each side of the
posterior portion of the prescutum, a triangular spot at the pos-
terior end of the mesoscutum immediately in front of each an-
terior angle of the mesoscutellum, the anterior margin of the
mesoscutellum in part (rarely), a small spot on the metascutum
behind and under each cenchrus, and the greater mesal upper half
of the metapostscutellum ; as a rule only a small spot at the upper
anterior angle of the mesoepisternum, and very often a small
yellowish white, or straw-colored spot at the posterior end of
the pectus on each side of the median longitudinal suture. Mes-
oscutellum from slightly to moderately convex; mesepistemum
from moderately to fairly sharply pointed.

"Abdomen. — Venter with only the pleura straw-color.

" Legs. — Trochanters black above, sometimes almost entirely ;
anterior femora usually black behind; very frequently interme-
diate femora black except more or less before; the black on
apical portion of posterior tibiae often more extensive above —
about half-way up towards base.

" Wings. — Fore wings sometimes hyaline ; costa not brown.

" Described from a type and five paratypes, the female in the
Peabody Museum referred to above being selected as the type.
Two of the paratypes are in the collection of the Boston Society

764 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

of Natural History, two in the collection of the American En-
tomological Society at Philadelphia, and the fifth is in the col-
lection of the Conn. Agricultural Experiment Station at New
Haven, Conn.

" Male. — The male differs from the female as follows : —
greater part of lateral face of pronotum straw-color ; an approxi-
mately right-angled band on the mesoepisternum, posterior mesal
half of pectus, and basal half of venter entirely, straw-color;
intermediate coxae black only at base above, the posterior coxae
except inside and inner longitudinal half beneath, and the apical
two-thirds of the posterior tibiae black (continued to base above).

"Length. — Female 11-13 mm.; male 11 mm.

" The male is here for the first time described, and is the only
one that I have seen. It belongs in the collection of the Boston
Society of Natural History.

" This subspecies approaches fisheri Rohwer from Maryland,
and may prove to be the same."

Type locality : Farmington, Connecticut. Westville, New
Haven, 17 June, 1905 (W. E. B.).

(For key to other species of Tenthredo, see page 83).

ICHNEUMONOIDEA.
VIPIONID^.

Habrobraccnidea Viereck.
Related to Habrohracon (Ashmead) Johnson, from which it
may be known by the antennae being practically as long as the
body and filiform, by the second abscissa of the cubitus being dis-
tinctly shorter than the first abscissa of the radius, by the pres-
ence of a median longitudinal embossed area on the second and
third dorsal abdominal segments, and by the Atanycolus-Wke
habitus.

*H. bicoloripes Viereck.
Female: Length 3.5-5 mm.; black and shining; first joint
of flagel a little longer than the second, superior and posterior
orbits, the latter above, more or less brownish; mesosternum
brownish ; wings infuscated, second abscissa of radius as long as,
or a little shorter than, the first transverse cubitus, and a little
longer than the second transverse cubitus; hind coxae, trochan-
ters and femora reddish ; propodeum with a median longitudinal

No. 22,] HYMBNOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 765

embossed area on the second dorsal abdominal segment extend-
ing- a little beyond the middle, apex of second dorsal segment
subemarginate, the false suture between the second and third seg-
ments crenulate; abdomen reddish throughout and mostly pol-
ished, the second dorsal segment with a faint carina on the
middle of each side; hypopygium sharply pointed and surpassing
the pygidium; exserted portion of ovipositor nearly as long as
the body.

The sculpture of the second dorsal abdominal segment is sub-
ject to variation, and the basal embossed area on the third dorsal
segment may be poorly developed or virtually wanting.

Type locality : Rainbow. Reared from shoots of Finns rigida
infested by Pissodes strohi, June 25, 1910 (S. N. Spring).

BRACONID^.
Bucculatriplex Viereck.

Related to Heterogamns Wesmael, from which it differs es-
pecially in the P olystenidea-V^ke. abdomen, there being four ab-
dominal segments visible dorsally; in the second segment being
nearly twice as long as the first and distinctly longer than the fol-
lowing segments combined ; in the trapezoidal second submar-
ginal cell ; in the simple propodeum with a petiolarea and a me-
dian longitudinal carina from the latter to the base; and in the
faintly impressed sternauli.

Heterogamns does not occur in Connecticut. In the table of
Connecticut genera of Sigalphidae this genus agrees best with
the description of Aleiodes, from which it differs radically in the
abdomen as described above.

*B. secundus Viereck (new species).

Female: length 1.75 mm.; blackish brown; face including,
clypeus, mouth parts, malar space and lower part of cheeks, scape,
pedicel, legs, and first, second and third ventral abdominal seg-
ments mostly stramineous, the legs paler than the face, mandibles
with dark tips, scape and pedicel above and rest of antenn.ne
throughout, mostly blackish brown; wings almost colorless with
a yellowish cast, the veins and stigma very pale stramineous;
tarsal joints especially apically, onychii and claws throughout
with a blackish brown tinge, the onychii and claws darkest ; ab-
domen tessellately sculptured.

766 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Type locality : Baltic, 8 September, 1910.

B. sp.

Bred from cage containing birch leaves infested with Buccu-
latrix canadensisella Chambers. Emerged 16 March, 1911 (B. H.
W.). This may prove to be the female of Bucculatriplex buccu-
latricii- (Ashmead), a species reared from a Bucculatrix on oak,
June 10, 1886, at Washington, D. C.

CAPITONIID^.
Capitonius BruUe.
This is the only genus of this family found in the United
States.

C. saperdae Ashmead. Promachus. Cenocoelius.

The original description, under Promachus, is only a brief
mention in Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. ii, page 653,
1888; but the type is still in the U. S. National Museum. For
keys to the species of Capitonius see Canadian EntcMnologist, Vol.
xlvi, page 316, by S. A. Rohwer.

The characters which separate saperdce from the other species
are as follows :

" Abdomen rufous ; head and thorax black ; first tergite more
or less striate, and with an embossed area, defined by strong ca-
rinse which extend beyond the middle of the tergite; notauli
strongly foveolate."

C. saperda is a parasite of Saperda Candida in elm.

Wallingford, 22 June, 1912 (D. J. CafTrey) ; Hamden, 15
June, 191 1 (W.E.B.).

ICHNEUMONID^.
Anomalon Panzer'.
Nototrachys Marshall.
Agrees with Erigorgus as described in this Bulletin except in
the clypeus which has its anterior edge rounded.
A. sp.

Hamden, 28 May, 1911 (B. H. W.).
*Scambus (Iseropus) viduiformis Viereck.
Male : length 7-8.5 mm. ; this may prove to be the male of
Pimpla vidua Walsh, the female of which alone is known. An-
tennas yellow to brownish beneath, blackish above, propodeum

No. 22.] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

767

punctate, its angles tipped with yellow; no reddish spot above
the mid coxae and trochanters which are almost entirely yellow-
ish, mid tibiae without a trace of an annulus, hind legs with the
00X32 and femora reddish throughout and their trochanters
yellow, hind tibiae with the apical third blackish. Second to
sixth dorsal abdominal segments, inclusive, sometimes with a
subapical, transverse, medially more or less interrupted stripe.

Type locality: New Haven, April 20, 1910 (A. B. C). Reared
from spider egg-sacs on nursery stock imported from Europe.
Type: Cat. No. 15035, U. S. N. M.

(For key to other species of this genus, see page 318.)

Xylophruridea Viereck.

Related to Cryptus Fabricius.

Mandibles not gibbose at base, notauli indicated only ante-
riorly, propodeal spiracles round. The sternauli in this genus are
very poorly defined, so that this might be taken to be a relative
of Xylonomus Gravenhorst, were it not for the traces of sternauli.

X. luctuosus (Provancher). X. agrili Viereck. Mesocho-
rus luctuosus Provancher. Echthrus luctuosus (Provancher).

Female and male: lengfth, 8 mm.; flagel, 20-25 jointed, an-
tennae usually with a whitish annulus ; body including most ap-
pendages black or blackish ; wings mostly almost colorless, tinged
with brown, with a brownish substigmal band and brownish tips,
veins brownish and blackish, stigma blackish; basal transverse
carina present, other carinas virtually wanting, the median
longitudinal carinae somewhat represented between the basal
transverse carina and base of propodeum, making an ill circum-
scribed basal area; exserted portion of ovipositor hardly half as
long as the abdomen.

Reared from Agrilus vittaticolUs in West Virginia, by F. E.
Brooks. Reared from galls of Agrilus champlaini on Ostrya vir-
ginica, collected at Lyme, 11 April, 1912, by H, B. Kirk.

CYNIPOIDEA.

CYNIPID^.

Cynips cristata Stebbins. Oak tufted gall.
Insect Galls of Springfield, Mass., and vicinity, Bulletin 2,
Springfield Museum of Natural History, page 24.

768 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

" A polythalamous gall on the upper side of the leaf, usually
on a vein. About i mm. in diameter. Covered with a dense
mass of silky hairs about 0.5 mm. long. Red when young, soon
becoming brown. On scarlet oak, Quercus coccinea, and scrub
oak, Q. nana."

Evidently the insect is unknown. The galls have been re-
ported from Connecticut by Dr. George Dimmock.

(For other species of Cynips see pages 403 and 404.)

Amphibolips cooki Gillette.

Described in the 27th Report on the Agriculture of Michigan,
1888, page 475, reprinted in Psyche, Vol. v, page 220, 1889.
Beutenmiiller redescribed this species in Bulletin of the American
Museum of Natural History, Vol. xxvi, page 58, 1909, and re-
ports it as occurring in Connecticut. His description follows : —

" Female. Head black, face rugoso-aciculate, the furrows
spreading out like a fan from either side of the clypeus ; vertex
and sides coarsely rugose. Antennae 13- jointed. Thorax black
and rather closely aciculated. Parapsidal grooves indistinct, and
scarcely traceable. Anterior parallel lines very indistinct.
Pleurae finely and obliquely aciculated. Scutellum coarsely
rugose, with the foveae large, deep and shining. Abdomen dark
reddish brown to almost black, smooth and shining, and exceed-
ingly minutely punctate. Legs dark reddish brown, pubescent;
coxae blackish. Wings slightly dusky, hyaline, with a large dark
brown patch at the base of the radial cell. Length 5.50 mm.

" Gall. Issuing from a bud on the terminal twigs of red oak
(Quercus rubra) in September and October. Almost globular
and usually with a small nipple at the apex. Green and succulent
and spotted with red when fresh, and with the outer shell
moderately thick. Internally with a central larval cell held in
position by radiating fibres. When old the gall becomes brown
and shriveled in appearance. Diameter about 16 to 18 mm."

Amphibolips tinctoriae Ashmead.

Described in Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. xix,
page 125, 1896; redescribed and reported from Connecticut by
Beutenmiiller in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural
History, Vol. xxvi, page 59, 1909, as follows : —

" Female. Head black, rugose. Antennae 13- jointed, dark
brown. Thorax striate-rugose more or less distinctly striated;

No. 22] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 769

the Striae are sometimes oblique and irregular. Parapsidal
grooves obliterated, or only slightly indicated anteriorly. Scutel-
lum coarsely rugose with the fovese large, deep and separated
by a carina. Pleurae rugose, usually pubescent and sometimes
with a raised polished area. Abdomen black, dark brown beneath,
and margins of second and following segments brown. Legs
reddish yellow. Wings hyaline, veins distinct, dark brown, first
cross-vein angulated and enclosed in a brown patch. Areolet
large. Length 4.6 to 5 mm.

" Gall. Issuing from a bud on quercitron or yellow oak
(Quercus velutina) and red oak (Quercus rubra) in autumn.
Almond-shaped, acuminate, at tip, compressed with the opposite
sides keeled. Green or red when fresh and brown when old.
Rather thick-shelled and smooth. Internally it is hollow with a
central larval cell held in position by radiating fibres. Length
12 to 20 mm."

(For other species of Amphiholips see pages 404-408.)

Andricus (Callirhytis) fructicola Ashmead.

Originally described in Proceedings U. S. National Museum,
Vol. xix, page 131, 1896, as follows: —

" Gall. This gall consists simply of the white kernel or larval
cell embedded in the interior or meaty portion of the acorn, or
when on the outside near its base, generally hidden by the cup.

" Two or three acorns in Dr. Riley's collection, aflfected by
this species, when cut open, revealed more than a dozen larval
cells, closely pressing upon one another, and filling the whole in-
terior of the acorn.

" Gall-fly. Female. Length 3 to 3.6 mm. Brownish red, the
eyes and middle and posterior tibiae dark brown.

" Antennae 13-jointed, filiform, the scape clavate, as long as
the third joint, the fourth joint one-third shorter than the third.
Head and thorax closely, minutely rugosely punctate, subpubes-
cent; the parapsidal grooves distinct, entire; anteriorly are two
short grooves reaching to near the middle of the mesonotum,
and the groove on the shoulders is long. Foveae of scutellum
large, separated only by a carina. Mesopleura punctate, slightly
aciculated posteriorly. Abdomen longer than the head and thorax
together, gradually rounded off posteriorly, and [as seen] from
below a little obliquely rounded, the second segment occupying
49

770 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

two-thirds of its whole length, the sutures running obliquely for-
ward to the venter, ventral valve hidden, the sheaths of oviposi-
tor short but slightly projecting. Wings hyaline, veins pale
brown, the cubitus and radius very slender, pale, the vein at base
of marginal cell arcuate, the areolet wanting."

Recorded from Connecticut by W. Beutenmiiller.

A. glandulus Beutenmiiller.

The original description was published in Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society, Vol. viii, page 103, 1913, and
Connecticut is included in the area of distribution of this insect.
The original description is reproduced here: —

" Female. Form robust. Uniform light cinnamon-brown. Legs
somewhat paler with the middle and hind femora dark brown.
Head finely granulated and subtriangular in shape. Antennae 14-
jointed, stout, and almost uniform in width, ist joint long, 2nd
small, 3rd long, 4th, 5th and 6th shorter than the 3rd and sub-
equal. The following joints small and almost equal in size. Thorax
robust, about as long as broad, finely and evenly granulated.
Parapsidal grooves well defined, punctate, inwardly curved ante-
riorly, thence parallel nearly to the scutellum where they curve
outwardly and converge, though fairly well apart. Anterior
parallel grooves fine and extending a little beyond the middle
of the thorax where they are slightly divergent. Lateral grooves
short. Collar rugose. Pleurae minutely aciculated, Scutellum
more granulated than the thorax with a broad prominent trans-
verse shining groove or channel at the base. Abdomen well
rounded dorsally, the large second segment smooth, the follow-
ing segments microscopically punctate. At the base of the second
segment are a few minute whitish hairs. Sheath of ovipositor
black, stout and extending upward but not beyond the anal seg-
ment. Wings pale, hyaline, cross and basal veins heavy, yellowish
brown and very slightly clouded with the same color, outer veins
faint; radial area broad and open at the costal margin; second
cross-vein bluntly angulate or rounded outwardly; areolet very
small ; cubitus fine and not extending to the cross-vein. Length
2.50 to 3.25 mm.

" Gall. In the cups of acorns of swamp white oak (Quercus
platanoides) , burr oak (Q. macrocarpa) , dwarf chestnut oak (Q.
prinoides), chestnut oak (Q. prinus), and probably other trees

No. 22] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 771

belonging to the white oak group. Monothalamous. The gall
is formed in a cavity, causing more or less bulging and swelling
of the acorn cup. It is an elongate body averaging when well
developed 5 mm. long and not quite half as wide. The sides are
sometimes parallel, but more often slightly bulging or sometimes
longitudinally ribbed or smooth; whitish green, yellowish, often
with a roseate tinge. The base is truncate and covered with a
whitish down. The crown is flattened or slightly concave with a
small central conical nipple. The mouth of the cavity in the
acorn cup is either strongly fimbriated or simple, according to
the nature of the cup scales, and thus either concealing the gall
or exposing a large part of it. The larva lies in a cell near the
top of the gall. Sometimes the galls deform the acorns."

(For other species of Andricus see pages 409-434.)

Rhodites globuloides Beutenmiiller.

Originally described in Bulletin of the American Museum
of Natural History, Vol. xxiii, page 638, as follows: —

" Female. Head black, finely and evenly punctate, with micro-
scopic hairs. Antennae black, first and second joints rufous,
third joint piceous. Thorax evenly rugose, subopaque. Anterior
lines wanting. Median groove from the scutellum scarcely visible.
Parapsidal grooves very obsolete, slightly evident posteriorly.
Pleurae rugose, subopaque, somewhat shining beneath the wings.
Scutellum very rugose, black. Abdomen and legs rufous. Wings
subhyaline, yellowish; radial cell heavily clouded with brown on
the veins with the disc hyaline, the brown shade extends be-
yond the veins. Length 3 mm,

" Gall. Polythalamous. Smooth, rounded or oblong, arising
at each end abruptly from the branch. Green and fleshy when
fresh; and brown, soft and corky when dry. Measures from
about 10 to about 22 mm. in width and 35 mm. in length."

Beutenmiiller records this species from Connecticut.

Mystic, 3, 12, 14 March, 19 15 (I. W. Davis).

R. gracilis Ashmead.

Described in Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. xix,
page 135, 1896; reprinted by Beutenmuller in Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History, Vol. xxiii, page 645, 1907,
and habitat is given as unknown. The original description is as
follows : —

yy2 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

" Gall. An irregular, inflated, rounded gall, with the top
broadened and somewhat flattened, the edges surrounded with
short, blunt tubercles, which are probably the apices of elevated
ribs.

" Gall-fly. Male and female. Length, 2.2 to 3 mm. In the
male the two basal antennal joints and legs are red; in the female
the whole abdomen is red ; rest of the insect black. Head finely,
closely punctate, the vertex almost smooth, thorax, scutellum,
and pleura rugose, parapsidal grooves distinct posteriorly, some-
what obliterated by the sculpture anteriorly, .the middle lobe with
a central longitudinal depression. Antennae 14- jointed, the third
joint very long, more than twice as long as the fourth. Wings
hyaline, veins brown, the areolet large, cubital cell almost closed ;
in the female the basal vein of the closed radial cell and the
radius are surrounded with a dusky cloud, which is wanting in
the male."

Galls on rose, probably Rosa Carolina, answering this descrip-
tion, were received from Sharon, 27 August, 1915, where they
were collected by Mrs. Harriet K. Taylor.

(For other species of Rhodites see pages 440-442.)

CHALCIDOIDEA.

MISCOGASTERID^.

This family is not included in the key to families, but is related
to the Perilampidse and Eurytomidse, from which it differs in
the pronotum being conical, or conically produced anteriorly, or
very short, transverse-linear and very much narrowed medially,
rarely as wide as the mesonotum, rarely transverse-quadrate;
furthermore, in this family the mesepisternum is triangular, not
large. The fore femora are never much swollen, and the hind
femora are also normal or only slightly swollen ; the marginal
vein in the hind wings usually long ; the costal cell not reaching
to the booklets or spinulse and most frequently narrow; radius
well developed. This family is superficially like the Pteromalidae,
from which it differs especially in its two-spurred hind tibiae.

Megorismus Walker.
Clypeus not transverse, antennae 12-13 jointed; pronotum not
distinctly separated from the mesonotum, notauli complete, deli-
cately impressed posteriorly, mesonotal lobes flat or at most sub-

No. 22] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

773

convex, marginal vein always shorter than the subcostal vein,
scutel with a more or less distinct cross-furrow before the apex,
the lateral margins convergent toward base; propodeum normal,
not produced at apex, long, rugose, with a median carina and
complete lateral folds ; abdomen distinctly petiolate, second seg-
ment often large but not especially lengthened, ovipositor not
exserted.

M. fletcheri Crawford.

Female: length 1.5- 1.75 mm.; bronzy green; head with sparse
setigerous punctures, reticulated except for the face in front of
the ocelli which is smooth and polished, antennae black, scape
metallic ; thorax with sparse setigerous punctures like the head,
and reticulated except posterior margin of pronotum, scapulae
laterally and scutel back of the transverse furrow, which parts
are smooth ; wings yellowish, veins stramineous ; coxae metallic,
rest of legs testaceous ; propodeum with a smooth space on each
side near the base ; petiole longitudinally rugose, rest of abdomen
smooth.

Male: length 1.5 mm.; essentially as in the female except for
the flagel which is light brownish.

Parasitic on Nectarophora pisi in Canada, and bred from
Aphis sorhi in Connecticut.

New Haven, 10 July, 1909 (A. I. Bourne).

PTEROMALID^.
Pteromalus Swederus.
Subgenus Eupteromalus Kurdjumov.
Related to Dibrachys Foerster, from which it can be distin-
guished by the propodeum being produced into a distinct globose
neck. Eyes not hairy ; antennae inserted near the middle of the
face, front not impressed, pedicel longer than the first joint of
the funicle.

Pteromalus (Eupteromalus) nidulans (Foerster) Thomson.
Pteromalus egregius Howard and Fiske.

Female: length 2.2 mm.; greenish with cupreous reflections,
scape, pedicel and legs except coxae stramineous with brownish
stains, rest of antennae brown ; head and thorax finely reticulated ;
propodeum reticulated like the thorax, with a longitudinal carina

774 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

between its base and its neck; abdomen greenish, polished, with
cupreous reflections.

Male : length i .2 mm, ; greenish without cupreous stains, legs
except coxae yellowish, otherwise nearly as in the female.

Parasitic on the brown tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhcea) ,
and introduced from the Old World into Massachusetts. Re-
covered from winter nests taken at Hartford in 1913 and 1915.

(For other species of Pteromalus see pages 471-478.)

APHELINID^.

Prospaltella Ashmead.

Prospalta Howard (preoccupied).

Related to Coccophagus Westwood, from which it differs in

the marginal vein being much shorter than the submarginal

.vein.

(For a characterization of this genus, see Insect Life, Vol.
vii, page 6, and for key to other species see Annals of the Ento-
mological Society of America, Vol. i, page 281.)

P. perniciosi Tower.

An important parasite of the San Jose scale (Aspidiotus per-
niciosus). The original description of this species may be found
in Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Vol. vi, page
125, and is as follows : —

"Female: length, 0.61 mm.; expanse, 1.73 mm.; greatest
Width of fore wing, 0.25 mm. General color of living specimens
black with the mesoscutellum showing as a prominent light dot.
In xylol-balsam mounts the head and central portions of the
thorax are light brown. Head: vertex yellowish brown; occiput
dark; ocelli dark; eyes black and hairy, the hairs about as long
as the diameter of a facet. Antenna : brownish yellow ; bulb
twice as long as wide, cylindrical and nearly hyaline; scape
nearly five times as long as wide, nearly hyaline at each end,
more or less cylindrical to spindle-shaped ; pedicle slightly longer
than wide, narrow at its base, widest well toward its tip, its inner
side much farther from the axis of the antenna than its outer
side; first funicle segment connected with pedicle by a narrow
somewhat elongate stalk, which is quite hyaline; this segment a
trifle more than half the length of the next and irregular in out-
line ; second and third segments of the funicle nearly equal in size

No. 2C] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. 775

and nearly cylindrical ; segments of the club more closely articu-
lated to each other than to the funicle or than are the segments
of the funicle to each other; club slightly longer than funicle;
first two segments about equal in length, their greatest diameter
being at their outer ends ; terminal segment elongate, triangular
in outline, and longer than either of the other segments, bluntly
pointed at tip; all segments of antenna bearing scattered hairs.

" Thorax : pronotum dark ; mesoscutum brownish yellow,
darker near the anterior edge, mesoscutar parapsida [scapulae]
same color or lighter than mesoscutum with a darker spot well
forward toward the base of the fore wing; scapula [axillae] dark;
mesoscutellum noticeably paler than mesoscutum. Behind the
mesoscutellum are two narrow transverse plates dark toward their
lateral margins and light near the middle, the posterior plate
with a spiracle near each lateral margin. Marginal and sub-
marginal veins of fore wing nearly equal in length ; end of stig-
mal vein obscurely pointed, not reaching wing margin, its upper
side slightly emarginated, its anal margin broadly rounded; a
broad dusky band crosses the fore wing below the marginal vein ;
hind wing lanceolate ; legs pale yellow except the coxae, femora,
and basal halves of tibiae, these being dark, the coxa being the
darkest portion of each leg, those of the hind legs being the
darkest ; fore legs as a whole the lightest and the hind legs the
darkest; trochanters nearly hyaline.

"Abdomen: short, broad, nearly quadrangular in outline;
quite dark with faint transverse lighter bands and a yellowish
brown area near the genitalia: with spines directed backward
evident on the sides (above and below also?).

" Male: length, 0.56 mm. ; expanse, 1.54 mm. ; greatest width
of fore wings, 0.26 mm. Living and mounted specimens appear
the same as females, except that they are smaller, and the meso-
scutellum is not as light in color. The antenna differs in that
the first funicle segment is as long as the second, and its diameter
at its distal end is greater than the diameter of either of the
other two funicle segments. Its base is rounded and stalked, and it
does not give the effect of a bead as does the corresponding seg-
ment in the female antenna. The articulation between the second
amd third segments of the club is not as evident as between the
first and second segments, while in the female both articulations

'J']() CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

are very clear and well defined. The thorax as a whole is darker
than that of the female, the only light portions being the meso-
scutellum and the portion of the mesoscutar parapsida [scapula]
nearest it. The hind margin of the stigmal vein is more angular
than in the female. The faintly cloudy band below the marginal
vein is hardly distinguishable. The abdomen is short, much
narrower than the thorax, truncate, dark, and not showing
lighter bands, but lighter near the genitalia, which extrude, the
tips of these being nearly hyaline."

Stonington, New Haven, October, 1913 (I. W. Davis) ;
Ridgefield, 8 December, 1914 (Q. S. Lowry) ; Hartford, New
Haven, 23 Septeniber, 1915 (B. H. W.).

APOIDEA.

ANDRENID^.

Andrena claytoniae Robertson.

A small to medium-sized species first described by Charles
Robertson in Transactions American Entomological Society, Vol.
xviii, page 59, as follows : —

" Female : Black ; clypeus closely and strongly punctured,
often with a median impunctate line, basal process of labrum
rather long and narrow, emarginate or notched at tip; thorax
rather sparsely punctured with rather fine, shallow punctures,
thinly clothed with short, pale fulvous pubescence, enclosure of
metathorax rough with strong longitudinal rugae, with a poorly
defined border ; wings hyaline, nervures and stigma honey-yellow,
tegulse dull testaceous exteriorly, second submarginal cell re-
ceiving the first recurrent nervure near its apex; legs black,
inclining to dull ferruginous, the tarsi more or less yellowish, the
hind tarsi and sometimes the hind tibiae yellowish; abdomen
finely and rather sparsely punctured, the apical one-third of each
segment depressed, segments 2-4 with apical fasciae of whitish
pubescence, interrupted on the second, anal fimbria pale fulvous.
Length 8-10 mm.

" Male. Resembles the female ; the tarsi, and often the pos-
terior tibiae, yellowish testaceous. Length 7-8 mm."

This species visits the flowers of pear, plum, strawberry, red-
bud, shad-bush, Claytonia virginica, Zizia, aurea, Heracleiim
lanatum, Antennaria plant aginifolia, and Salix cordata.

No. 22] HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT. "jy-j

New Haven, 25 May, 1903, 9, 22 May, 1905 (B. H. W.),
10 May, 1904 (H. L. V.).

A. krigiana Robertson.

A medium-sized species originally described by Charles
Robertson in Canadian Entomologist, Vol. xxxiii, page 229, as
follows : —

" Female : Black ; mandibles rufous at tips, toothed near the
apex; basal process of labrum short, subquadrate, emarginate;
clypeus somewhat shining towards apex, where it is rather dis-
tinctly punctured, elsewhere opaque and reticulated ; face before
ocelli longitudinally striate ; facial f ovese quite short, not descend-
ing below insertion of antennas, filled with a fine pubescence
which appears black ; antennae short, joint 3 as long as the next
three together, or nearly so, apical joints dull testaceous beneath;
thorax throughout opaque and finely reticulated; enclosure of
metathorax poorly defined, but rather strongly rugose; pubes-
cence of head and thorax rather thin and dull fulvous ; wings
subhyaline, nervures and stigma honey-yellow, second cubital
cell about one-thjrd as long as the third, oblique, receiving the first
recurrent nervure at, or a little before, or a little beyond, the
middle ; abdomen shining, rather sparsely and rather evenly punc-
tured, apical margins of segments pale testaceous, hardly sub-
fasciate, fimbria fulvous ; scopse pale, the hairs of hind tibiae
rather strongly plumose. Length 8 mm.

" Male. Resembles the female ; the face before ocelli not
striate ; clypeus with a large trilobed yellow spot. Length 8 mm."

New Haven, 13 June, 1902 (E.J.S.M.).

(See page 709 for key to other species of Andrena.)

INDEX TO PLANT HOSTS

Acacia longifolia, 490.
Actinomeris squarrosa, 539.
Alder, 59, 103, 104, 106, no, 124,

134, 414, 535, 538.
European, 158.

Alfalfa, 520.

Alnus serrulata, 535.

Amaranth, 228.

Amarantus, 228.

Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, 453.

Amelanchier, 65, 163.

Amygdalus, 79.

Antennaria plantagini folia, 778.

Apple, 172, 184, 199, 360, 458, 459,
460, 461, 462, 46a, 404, 46s,
466, 491, 706, 707, 709, 7^6,

m, 719, 750, 753, 758. 760.

Aralia hispida, 721.
Arctium lappa, 745.
Asclepias, ^o.
Ash, 148.

Mountain, 163.
Astqp, 539, 7I9, 721.
Austrian pine, 44.
Azalea, 124, 719.

Baccharis halimifolia, 520, 539.
Barberry, 223.
Barley; 479, 523.
Basswood, 65.
Beans, wild, 228.
Beech, 172.
Beet, 203.
Betula, 79, 163.

Birch, 57, 65, 115, 121, 134, 136, 163,
169, 242, 468, "jd^.

black, 163, 259.

white, 57. 136, 163, 169.

yellow, 57.
Black birch, 163, 259.

currant, 705, 706, 707.

locust, 183.

oak, 106, 136, 146, 167, 431, 521.

spruce, 44.
Blackberry, 39, 160, 173, 435. 44i.

515, 516, 534, 538, 719, 760.
Blackjack oak, 420, 430.
Burdock, 745.
Burr oak, 770.

Button bush, 58.
Butternut, 31.

Cabbage, 203.
Carex, 120.
Catalpa, 484.
Ceanothus, 680.

americanus, 271, 704, 709.
Cedar, 513.
Chenopodium, 199, 228.

hybridum, 461.
Cherry, ZT, 65, 709.

sweet, 705, 706, 716, 719.

wild, 79, 103, 163, 54&
Chestnut oak, 383, 434, 770.
Chionanthus, 147.
Chinese honeysuckle, 163.
Choke berry, 225.
Cicuta, 196.

maculata, 262, 269, 313, 356.
357, 667, 705, 706, 720.
Gaytonia virginica, 776.
Clematis, 680.
Clover, 192, 520.
Comptonia asplenifoHa, 199.
Corn, 259. 293.
Cornus, 61.
Corylus, 39, 134.
Crataegus, 79, 157, 449-
Currant, 134. I73, 198, 285, 717, 719-

black, 70s, 706, 707.

red, 706.

Day-lily, 198. 709. 739-
Dewberry, 160.

wild, 439.
Dock, 47.
Dwarf chestnut oak, 770.

Elder, 100, loi, 753-

Elm, 32, 104, 157, 163, 172, 203.

Erechtites heiracifolia, 685, 728,

729.
Euphorbia corollata, 191.
European alder, 158.

198.

Fern, sweet,
Fir, 44, 171.
Fireweed, 728, 729.

779

78o

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

Forsythia, 356.

suspensa, 359, 620.
Fuchsia, 156.

Glyceria, 313-

Goldenrod, 202, 229, 231, 233, 240,

332, 358, 524, 540, 618, 625,

639, 640, 675, 685, 704, 705.

706, 709. T^T, 718, 719, 721,
722, 728, 732, 738, 739. 745,
746, 748, 753- ^ -

Gooseberry, 113, I34, 235, 263, 265.
275. 285, 340, 704, 705, 706,

707, 716, yxy, 718, 719.
Goosefoot, 228.

Grape, 524, 537.
Grass, 120.

Hemerocallis fulva, 198, 709.
Hemlock, 171.

Water, 196, 262, 269, 313.
Heracleum lanatum, 776.
Hickory, 31, 100, 156, 268, 322, 534,

540.

pig-nut, 146.
Honeysuckle, 102, 285, 322, 340, 750.

Chinese, 163.
Huckleberry. 435, 719.

Indian corn, 265. 593.
Ipomoea, izz, 735-
Ironweed, 192, 532.
Iron wood, 134.
Ivy, 494.

poison, 163.

Japan plum, 285, 705, 707, 716, 719.
Japanese wineberry, 668.

Kalmia angustifolia, 721.

Lactuca, 375.

canadensis, 375.
Larch, 105, 115.
Larix, 115.

Laurel-leaved oak, 495.
Lilac, 750.
Linden, 104, 150.
Locust, 136.

black, 183.
Lombardy poplar, 136.
Lonicera fragrantissima, 285, 322,

340, 359. 716, 750.
Lysimachia terrestris, 721.

Maize, 593.
Manna grass, 313.

Maple, 65, 104, no, 169, 172, I7S.
209, 242.

soft, 462.

sugar, 175.
Meadowsweet, 709, 739.
Milkweed, 660, 675, 705, 739, 745.

746.
Mint, 680.

Morning-glory, ^2)1, 735-
Mountain ash, 163.

Nepeta glechoma, 437.
New Jersey tea, 271, 640, 660, 668,
696, 704, 705, 709, 722.

Oak, 80, 172, 194, 228, 408, 422, 497.
498, 513, 515. 522, 538, 766.
black, 106, 136, 146, 167, 431,

521.

blackjack, 420, 430. ,

burr, 770.

chestnut, 383; 434, 770.

dwarf chestnut, 770.

laurel-leaved, 495.

pin, 414, 419.

quercitron, 769.

red. 401, 405, 407, 410, 431. 432,
768.

scarlet, 80, 408, 431, 769.

scrub, 431, 768.

swamp, 404.

swamp white, 770.

white, 79, 106, 107, 136, 199,
377, 380, 381, 392, 395, 390,
398, 417, 420, 427, 430, 434.

yellow, 769.
CEnothera, 47, 321.
Onoclea sensibilis, 46.
Orchid, 490.
Ostrya virginica, ^(i^.

Parsnip. 229, 240, 709, 739.
Pastinaca sativa, 229, 640.
Peach, 39, 457, 707, 760.
Pear, 113, 148, 172, 229, 491. 690,

707, 716, 717, 719, 760.
Pickerel-weed, 720.
Pig-nut hickory, 146.
Pigweed. 228.
Pin oak, 419.
Pine, 497. 540, 690, 761.

Austrian, 44.

pitch, 44, 277, 324.

Scotch, 44.

white, 44.
Pinus, 30, 690.

banksiana, 44.

rigida, 44, 277, 324, 487, 5". 765-

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

781

Pitch pine, 44, 277, 324.
Plantago major, 197.
Plum, 709, 776.

Japan, 285, 705, 707, 716, 719.
Poison ivy, 163.
Polygonum, 261, 489.
Pontederia cordata, 720.
Poplar, 103, 104, 109, 124, 134, 136,
173, 558.

Lombardy, 136.
Populus grandidentata, 140.

monilifera, no.

tremuloides, in, 140.
Potato, sweet, 161, 164.
Potentilla, 438.

canadensis, 436, 439.
Prunus, 79, 157.

avium, 705, 707.

triflora, 285.
Pteris aquiiina, 68.
Pumpkin, 734.
Purslane, 165.
Pycnanthemum, 748.
Pyrus, 79, 163.

arbutifolia, 225, 718.

malus, 360.

See also velutina.

Quercus, 79.

alba, 146, 147, 167, 381, 38s, 389,

395, 401, 413, 417, 420, 423,

424, 427, 430, 434.
aquatica, 497.
bicolor, 386, 387, 388, 390, 391,

399. 403. 415. 418, 425. See also

platanoides.
chinquapin, 420.
coccinea, 80, 121, 147, 401, 433,

768.
ilici folia, 383, 397. 402, 405. 4o6,

409, 411, 417. 418, 427, 428,

431. See also nana,
macrocarpa, 382, 386, 770.
montana, 401, 412.
nana, 768. See also illicifolia.
nigra, 420, 430.
obtusiloba, 147, 399. 4ii. 4I7.

423, 430-

palustris, 380, 414, 419.

platanoides, 770. See also bi-
color.

prinoides, 383, 390, 393. 397.
402, 416, 770.

prinus, 146, 434. 77o.

rubra, 400, 401. 407. 409. 4io,

427, 432.
tinctoria, 380, 387, 400, 407, 422,
427, 428, 429. 434, 501. 769.

velutina, 769. See also tinctoria.
virens, 425.
Quince, 184, 704, 707, 718, 750.

Raspberry, 558, 718, 762.

red, 738, 747, 750, 753.
Redbud, 776.
Red currant, 706.

oak, 404, 405, 407, 410, 431, 432,
768, 769.

raspberry, 738, 747, 750, 753.
Rhus glabra, 689, 705, 720.

sp. 689.
Ribes occidentalis, 275.

oxyacanthoides, 193, 235, 263,
275, 285, 340.

rubrum, 198, 285.
Roripa sylvestris, 674.
Rosa Carolina, 374, 441, 772.

lucida, 442.
Rose, 57, 77, no, 440, 441, 515, 762.

Manetti, 762.
Rubus, 64, 79, 153, 193.

canadensis, 439.

strigosus, 440, 747.

villosus, 435, 436, 438, 439.

Salix, 163.

alba, 142.

cordata, 140, 776.

discolor, 140.

fragilis, 140.

humilis, 141, 142.

longifolia, 142,

petiolata, 140.

sericea, 140.
Scarlet oak, 80, 408, 431, 76S,.
Scotch pine, 44-
Scrub oak, 431, 768.
Shad bush, 13S. 776.
Smilacina racemosa, 145.
Soft maple, 462.
Solidago, 704, 709, 7Z^-

juncea, 722.
Spiraea salicifolia, n5, 155, 696.
Spruce. 171, 210.

black, 44.
Squash, 533- ,

Strawberry, 55, 57. 163, 704. 707. 77^-
Steironema ciliatum, 720.
Sugar maple, 110, 175.
Sumac, 680, 70s.
Sunflower, 709, 718, 745. 746.
Swamp oak, 404.
Swamp white oak, 770.
Sweet cherry, 705. 7o6, 716, 7I9-
Sweet fern, 198.

782 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

Sweet potato, 161, 164.
Sycamore, 172, 459-
Syringa, 676.

Timothy grass, 479. 5I5. 523-

Umbellifers, 618.

Vaccinium, 115, 435.

Vemonia noveboracensis, 208, 532,

534, 539-
Veronica, 732.
Viburnum, 100.
Vitis, 156.

Walnut, 467-

Water hemlock, 196, 262, 269, 3I3-

Wheat, 120, 174, 328.

White birch, 57, 136, 163, 109.

oak, 79, 106, 107, 136, 199, 377.
380, 381, 392, 394, 395, 396, 398,
417, 420, 427. 430, 434-
pine, 44.
Wild beans, 228.

cherry, 79, 103, 163, 548.
dewberry, 439-
rose, 441.
Willow, 103, 104, 115, 120, 124, 134.
136, 140, 163, 173, 263, 285,
522, 538, 540, 718.
Wineberry, Japanese, 668.

Xanthium strumarium, 489.

Yellow birch, 57.
oak, 769.

Zizea aurea, 717, 11^-

INDEX TO INSECT HOSTS

Acrobasis, 223.

rubrifasciella, 359.
Acronycta, 195, 288, 357. See Apa-

tela.
Admiral butterfly, 199.
Agenia, 626.

Aglais milberti, 197, 450.
Agraulis vanillae, 472, 528.
Agrilus champlaini, 767.

vittaticoUis, 767.
Agromyza tritici, 567.
Aleiodes intermedius, 321, 475, 511
Aletia argillacea, 321, 451, 453.

xylina, 467.
Aleyrodes aceris, 448.

corni, 490.

coryli, 489.

sp.. 489, 534-
Allocota. See Hemiteles.
Ameloctonus, fugitivus, 321, 463

472, 475, 524-
Ampelophaga myron, 195.
Amphicerus bicaudatus, 509, 512,
Anacampsis robinella, 196.
Anarsia lineatella, 500.
Anasa tristis, 505, 510, 555,
Ancylis comptana, 277.
Andrena, 239.
Andricus exiguus, 389, 398.

petiolicola, 376.

podagras, 380, 519.

prionosus, 389.

tubicola, 516.

ventricosus, 513.
Angoumois grain-moth, 474.
Anisota rubicunda, 267.

senatoria, 267, 339.

stigma, 267.

virginiensis, 267.
Anoplius scelestus, 627,
Anosia plexippus, 450, 473,
Anthidium, 465.
Anthonomus quadrigibbus, 449.

signatus, 221, 476, 478.
Anthophora, 465.
Ants, 328, 52s, 556, 672.
Apanteles, 475.

clisiocampae, 475.

delicatus, 464, 527.

edwardsi, 453.

hyphantrise, 463, 464, 527.
Apatela, 288.

americana, 236.

dactylina, 236,

hasta, 236.

hastilifera, 236.

lobeliae, 236.

oblinita, 195. 236, 267, 357.
Apatura. See Chlorippe.
Aphis brassicae, 261, 367, 482, 490,
506.

gossypii, 261.

heraclii, 261.

maidi-radicis, 261, 593.

maidis, 261.

medicaginis, 261.

monardae, 490.

sorbi, yyz-
„ setariae, 261.

Aphis, cabbage, 482.

hop plant, 259.

rose, 261.

wheat, 558.

woolly apple, 490.
Aprophora spumaria, 655.
Aporia crataegi, 197.
Apple aphis, woolly, 490.
Appletree caterpillar, red-humped,

26^7.
Aradidae, 551.
Archips argyrospila, 223.

cerasivorana, 321,

infumatana, 228.

rileyana, 228.

rosaceana, 235.
Argiope riparia, 321. _
Argirolepia quercifoHana, 321.
Arg>'nnis cybele, 193.
Aristotelia absconditella, 228.

fungivorella, 199.
Army worm, 193, I95. I97, 204, 280.

288, 328, 356. 360.
Asiatic ladybird beetle, 453.
Aspidiotus, 490, 491.

pemiciosus, 490, 774.
Aspidisca splendoriferella, 184.
Asynapta, sp.. 538.
Attelabus rhois, 457.

783

784

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

Aulacidea solidaginis, 522.
Autographa brassicae, 503.

Baccha fascipennis, 365, 455. 5^2.
Bag worm, 321, 340, 478.
Balsam leaf-miner, 461.
Basilarchia archippus, 192, 451, 472.
Bathythrix. See Hemiteles.
Bee, carpenter, 524.

honey, 672.

leaf-cutter, 528.

mason, 484.
Beetle, Asiatic ladybird, 453.

carabid, 552.

cucujid, 610.

fruit-bark, 484.

June, 618.

ladybird, 225.

May, 576, 618.

powder-post, 238.
Bellura gortynides, 548.
Biorhiza forticornis, 513.
Bombyx mori, 197.
Bremus, 465.

Brochymena arborea, 550.
Brown-tail moth, 200, 224, 514, 774.
BucculatrJx, 766.

canadensisella, 766.

pomifoliella, 466, 505.
Butterfly, admiral, 199.

cabbage, 197, 198, 471.

clouded sulphur, 280.

mourning-cloak, 343.

question-sign, 343. f

swallow-tail, 343.

Cabbage bug, harlequin, 550.

butterfly, 197, 198, 471.

looper, 503.
Cacoecia rosaceana, 466.
Calandra oryzae, 474, 478.
Callaspidia globulus, 478.
Callosamia promethea, 527.
Caloptenus atlanis, 557.

sp., 557.
Campoplex fugitivus, 463, 472, 475,

524.
validus, 464, 475, 511.
Canarsia hammondi, 455.
Canker worm, 359, 635.
Carolina locust, 557.
Carpenter bee, 524.
Carpocapsa pomonella, 220, 231,

322.
Casinaria orgyiae, 527.
Catocala, 468.
Catogenus rufus, 610.
Cecidomyia farinosa, 538.

resinicola, 539.

serrulata, 535.

symmetrica, 538.
Cecidomyid inquilines, 540.
Cecropia moth, 288, 333.
Ceratina, 465. »

dupla, 333, 514, 524.
Ceratomia amyntor, 203, 204.

quadricornis, 203.
Cerceris, 239.
Ceresa bubalus, 450.
Ceroptres, 421.
• ficus, 519.
Chaitophorus aceris, 261.

populicola, 261.
Chalicodoma, 465.
Chalybion cseruleum, 677.
Chelostoma, 620.
Chilocorus similis, 453.
Chionaspis euonymi, 490.

furfura, 491.

pinifoli?e, 490.
Chionobas. See CEneis.
Chlsenius impunctifrons, 552.
Chlamys plicata, 471.
Chlorippe celtis, 267.

clyton, 267, 322, 528, 548.
Chlorops ingrata, 493.
Chrysanthemum fly, 566.
Chrysobothris femorata, 211.
Chrysopa, 549, 576.
Chrysophanus. See Heodes.
Cicada dorsata, 692.

marginata, 692.

tibicen, 692.
Cicada, periodical, 451.
Cirphis albilinea. 359.

unipuncta, 193, 195, 197. 204,
236, 280, 288, 328, 340, 356,
360.
Cis fuscipes, 611.
Clisiocampa. See Malocosoma.
Clothes moth, 305.
Clouded sulphur butterfly, 280,
Clover flower midge, 455, 533.
Coccinelids, 501.
Coccinella novemnotata (or 9-no-

tata>, 225.
Coccus hesperidum, 450, 488, 489,

494, 505-
Cockroach. 240, 241, 651.
Codling moth, 220, 231, 322, 612.
Coleophora cinerella, 229, 321.
Colias. 5"^^ Eurymus.
Conotrachelus nenuphar, 234, 447.
Contarinia tritici, 533.
Corn ear worm, 547.
Cotton worm, 321, 467.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

785

Crabro, 239.

Crambus caliginosellus, 612.

exsiccatus, 194.

zeellus, 194.
Cratotechus orgyise, 455, 466.
Cricket, 679, 683, 684.

tree, 520, 554, 555.
Cryptorhynchus lapathi, 324.
Cucujid beetle, 610.
Curculio, plum, 234, 247, 275,
Cyaniris pseudargiolus, 193, 284,

340.
Cynips pisum, 376.

Dactylopius destructor, 503. See

Pseudococcus citri.
Danais. See Anosia.
Dasyneura leguminicola, 455, 533.
Datana, 200, 286.

integerrima, 223.
Diacrisia virginica, 547,
Diaspis carueli, 490.

rosae, 490, 502.
Diastrophus cuscutseformis, 455,
513, 516, 521.

nebulosus, 515, 516.

radicum, 275.
Dibrachys boucheanus, 455, 457.
Dineutes assimilis, 483.
Diodontus americanus, 602.
Diplosis resinicola, 487, 511.
Diprion abietis, 236, 481.

simile, 481.
Dissosteira Carolina, 557.
Dolba hylasus, 343.
Dorcaschema alternatum, 522.
Drassid. 328.
Drone fly, 566.
Drosophila, 485.

Epargyreus, tityrus, 288, 323, 472.
Epeira angulata, 321.

globosa, 509.

juniperi, 682.

labyrinthea, 631.

strix, 631, 632, 682.

vulgaris, 682.
Ephestia kuehniella, 267.
Erigorgus, 475-
Eristalis tenax, 566.
Euchsetes egle, 267.
Euchistus servus, 550.
Eucosma strenuana, 229.
Eucrostis chloroleucaria, 192.
Eudamus, See Epargyreus.
Eudemis botrana, 208.
Eulophus, 466.
Eumenes, 239.

50

Euphydryas. See Phaeton 474.
Eupithecia miserulata, 192, 270.
Euplectrus comstocki, 458.
Euproctis chrysorrhoea, 200, 224, 776.
Eurema lisa, 472.
Eurosta solidaginis, 238.
Eurymus philodice, 280, 472.
Eurytoma diastrophi, 435.

studiosa, 421.
Euura nodus, 540.
Euvanessa antiopa, 343, 456, 472,

.547.
Evetria comstockiana, 324.
Exartema malanum, 229.

Fall army worm, 467.

web worm, 224, 453.
Feltia subgothica, 224.
Fern-leaf roller, 220.
Fly, 659, 668.

chrysanthemum, 566.

drone, 566.

Hessian, 454, 480, 481, 510, 537,

541.

horn, 486, 568.

horse, 669.

pomace, 485.

rose gall, 514.

stable, 677.
Formica fusca var. subsericea, 597.

schaufussi, var. incerta, 597.

neogagates, 597.
Four-horned sphinx, 203.
Fruit-bark beetle, 484.

Gastroidea cyanea, 208.
Gelechia cerealella, 474.

cinerella, 209.

gallseasterella, 500.

gallaesolidaginis, 499. 503. 521.

trialbamaculella. 199.
Geometrid, 193, 468, 548.
Gipsy -moth, 197, 200, 320, 323, 475-
Glover's scale, 448.
Glyphina eragrostidis, 490. _
Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis,

202, 321.
Gorytes, 239.
Grapholitha caryana, 233, 322.

olivaceana, 321.
Grapta. See Polygonia.
Grasshopper, 557. 680, 684, 685.
Grub, white, 616.
Gyrinus, 291.

Habrobracon gelechirc, 455. 475.
Hfematobia serrata, 486, 568.
Halictus, 239, 674. 708.

786

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

disparalis, 674.
Heliophila. See Cirphis.
Heliothis armigera, 45i-

obsoleta, 547- . ^^^ ^^.

Hemerocampa leucostigma, IQI. i94.
200, 223, 224, 270, 321, 322,
323. 340, 356, 359. 452, 453.
455. 457. 458, 460, 473. 475.
511, 527. 528, 547. 549-
Hemileuca maia, 267.
Hemiteles pimplse, 475-

thyridopterygis, 478.
Heodes hypophlaeas, 357. 547-
Heraclides. See Papilio
Hessian fly, 454. 480, 481. 5 10. 537,

541-
Heterocampa, 233.
Hickory bark borer, 210.
Honey bee, 672.
Hop-plant aphis, 259.
Horn-fly, 486, 568.
Horse-fly, 669.
Hylaeus, 239, 465.
Hyperchiria io, 207-
Hyphantria. 200, 475-

cunea, I93, 204, 453-

textor, 267, 548-

Io moth, 267.
Iphidicles ajax, 287.
Iseropus. See Scambus.
Isia isabella, 320, 356.
Isosoma, 479, 5i5-
tritici, 479- ^
Itoplectis. See Scambus.

Jasoniades. See Papiho.
June beetle, 618.
Junonia coenia, 192.

Kermes, sp., 447, 497, 50i.

Lachnosterna, 576, 618.
Lady-bird beetles, 225.
Laphygma frugiperda, 407.
Larch cheater, 336.
Lasius umbratus mixtus aphidicola,

559-
Laverna eloisella, 321.
Leaf-hopper, 656.
Leaf-roller, 183, 191. 321-

fern, 220.

strawberry, 217, 3I7-

trumpet, 199-
Leaf-cutter bee, 528.
Lecanium caryse, 497.

cerasifex, 488, 505.

fletcheri, 488,, 497. 50i, 503. SoS-

persicae, 457. 488.
robiniarum, 503.

sp., 495, 497. 503.
Lepidosaphes, 490.

beckii, 506.

citricola, 501.

gloveri, 448, 490'

ulmi, 448, 490, 497.
Leptothorax, 556.

longispinosus, 328.
Lesser peach borer, 207, 322, 400,

527.
Leucania, See Cirphis.
Leucospis, 465.
Limacodes, 527. .

Limenitis, See Basilarchia.
Limnerium, See Campoplex.
Liopus variegatus, 324.
Lithocolletis, 198, 459, 40i. 402.

greganella, 403-

ornatella, 463.

robiniella, 223.
Lixus scrobicollis, 229.
Locust, Carolina, 557-

seventeen-year. 451.
Locust leaf-miner, 196.
Lophyrus abietis, 332.
Loxostege sticticalis, 190-
Lycxna. See Cyanins.
Lyctus striatus, 238.
Lygaeonematu's enchsoni, 472.
Lygus pratensis, 661.

Macrosiphum cerealis, 261.
granaria, 261.
rosae, 258, 261.
rudbeckiae, 261.
Magdalis olyra, 222.
Maggot, onion, 214. ■;

wheat stem, 493- ^

Malacosoma americana, 209, 230,
267, 320, 321, 322, 323. 457,
465. 475. 476, 549-
californica, 321.
constricta, 321.
disstria, 267, 320, 321, 500.
Mamestra picta, 203.
Mason bee, 484-
May beetle, 576, 618.
Mayetiola destru^or, 454. 537. 541-
Mealy bug, 497, 504-
Megachile, 465, 528.
Megilla fuscilabns. 225.

maculata, 225.
Melalopha inclusa, 547-
Melanoplus atlanis, 557-
Meliana albilinea, 204.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

787

Melitea phaeton, 474.

Meromyza sp., 493.

Meteorus communis, 340, 475, 527.

hyphantrise. 475, 527.

xanthocephalus, 463.
Microbracon, 472, 475.
Midge, clover flower, 455, 533.
Mineola indigenella, 267, 321.

juglandis, 321.
Miner, balsam-leaf, 461.

locust-leaf, 196.

oak-leaf, 461.

trumpet, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462.
463, 464, 466.
Monodontomerus, 465.
Moth, brown-tail, 200, 224, 514, 774.

Cecropia, 288, 333.

clothes, 305.

codling, 220, 231, 322.

gipsy, 197, 200, 320, 323, 475.

lo, 2^7.

peach-twig, 500.

white-marked tussock, 191, 194,
200, 223, 224, 270, 321, 322,
323, 340, 356, 359. 452, 453,
455, 457, 458, 460, 472, 473,
475, 478, 511, 527, 528, 547,

549-
Mourning-cloak butterfly, 343.
Murgsmtia histrionica, 550.
Myrmica, 556, 587, 588.

brevinodis, 588.

brevinodis var. canadensis, 587.
Mytilaspis pomorum, 448. See

Lepidosaphes.
Myzus cerasi, 258, 261.

ribis, 261.

Nectarophora, 452.

pisi, 773-

rudbeckije, 258.
Nematus, 315.

ventricosus. See Pteronidea

ribesi.
Nemobius, 683.
Nemoria gratata, 191.
Nephelodes violans, 236.
Neuroterus exiguus. 398.
Nisoniades. See Thanaos.

Oak-leaf miner, 461.
Odontata suturalis, 451, 462.
Odontocera dorsalis, 483.
Odynerus, 239, 465.

tigris, 330.
GEcanthus niveus, 554,

sp., 555.
(Edemasia. See Schizura.

CEneis macounii, 450.

noma var. semidea, 358, 453,

473.
Omphalocera cariosa, 224.
Onion maggot, 214.
Orgyia. See Hemerocampa.
Oriental cockroach, 240.
Ormenis, 496.

pruinosa, 615.

septentrionalis, 614, 615.
Ormyrus, 435.
Ornix geminatella, 198.
Osmia, 465, 484.

halicticola, 6ao.
Oyster shell scale, 448.

Pachypsylla venusta, 517.
Painted mamestra, 203.
Papaipema duplicata, 359.
Papilio ajax, 287, 322, 330, 473.

glaucus, 451, 500.

palamedes, 473.

polyxenes, 192, 343.

sps., 343-

thoas, 329.

troilus, 193, 333-
Parorgyia, 193.
Peach-twig moth, 500.
Pegomyia vicina, 199.
Pemphigus fraxinifolii, 490.
Periodical cicada, 451.
Periplaneta orientalis, 240.
Phacellura hyalinitalis, 321.
Phenacoccus, 365.

acericola, 455. 502.
Phidippus morsitans, 551.
Philampelus pandorus, 195.
Philanthus, 239.
Philonyx erinacei, 519, 522.
Philosamia cynthia, 527.
Phlegethontius, 474-

quinquemaculatus, 474.

sextus, 548.
Pholisora catullus, 191, 228, 267.
Phorodon mahaleb, 261.
Phoxopteris comptana, 317.
Phryganidea californica, 321.
Phthorimaea cinerella, 209.
Phyciodes tharos. 358.
Phycita. Sec Mineola.

juglandis, 321.
Pieris, See Pontia.
Pimpla, See Scambus.
Pissodes strobi. 210, 765.
Pitch pine Retinia. 277.
Planosa laricis. 336.
Plathypena scabra, 468.
Platygaster, 421.

788

CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

Platynota sentana, 208, 613.
Platyptilia carduidactyla, 263.
Plodia interpunctella, 265.
Plum curculio, 234, 275, 447.
Plusia brassicae, 195, 265, 451.
Plutella cruciferarum, 265, 267.
Podisus spinosus, 546, 549, 550.
Polistes pallipes var. variatus, 330.
Polychrosis carduiana, 263.
Polygonia. See Grapta.

comma, 317, 472.

faunus, 357.

interrogationis, 343, 450, 472,

547.

progne, 474. 547-

satyrus, 472.
Pomace riy, 485.
Pontia monuste, 473.

rapae, 197, 198, 455. 47i-
Porthetria dispar, 197, 320, 323, 475-
Potato-stalk weevil, 234.
Powder-post beetle, 238.
Priophorus acericaulis, 209.
Protapanteles, 328.

. congregatus, 280.
Proteoteras aesculana, 467.
Protoparce Carolina, 195. See
Phlegethontius sextus.

celeus, 195. See Phlegethontius
quinquemaculatus.
Pseudococcus aceris, 493.

adonidum, 496.

citri, 4Cj5, 497, 503, S04.
Pteronidea ribesi, 451-
Pteronus. See Pteroriidea.
Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 501.
Purple scale, 506.
Pyrameis. See Vanessa.
Pyrausta futilalis, 191, 196, 228.

penitalis, 223.

theseusalis, 220, 228.
Pyrrharctia. See Isia.

Question-sign butterfly, 343.

Recurvaria juniperella, 200, 226.

thujaella, 200.
Red-humped apple tree caterpillar,

267.
Retinia rigidana, 277.
Rhagium lineatum, 261.
Rhodites bicolor, 515.

dichlocerus, 516.

radicum, 515.

rosse, 514.
Rogas, See Aleiodes.
Rhopalosiphum dianthi, 261.

Rose aphis, 261.
gall fly, 514-

Saitis pulex, 551.
Samia cecropia, 288, 527.
San Jose scale, 490, 774.
Sanninoidea exitiosa, 207.
Saperda Candida, 767.

concolor, 320.
Scale, Glover's, 448.

oyster shell, 448.

purple, 506.

San Jose, 490, 774.

scurfy, 491,

soft, 505. »

Scambus conquisitor, 323, 340, 475.

inquisitoriella, 340, 475.

pedalis, 323.
Sceliphron cementarium, 620.
Schizoneura lanigera, 490.
Schizura concinna, 267.
Scolytidse, 485.
Scolytus caryae, 210.

rugulosus, 484.
Scurfy scale, 491.
Sesia caudata, 322.

pictipes. See Synanthedon.
Silvanus surinamensis, 610.
Siphocoryne avense, 261.
Siphonophora avenae, 482, 558.

cucurbitae, 261.

liriodendri, 261.

rosae. 490.
Sitodrepa panicea, 478.
Sitotroga cerealella, 477.
Smerinthus astylus, 343.

geminatus, 194.

jamaicensis, 280.
Soft scale, 505.

Solenozopheria vaccinii, 487, 513.
Sphecoid wasps, 620.
Sphinx, four-horned, 203.
Sphinx coniferarum, 287.

luscitiosa, 285.
Spider, 318, 322, 509, 541, 55i, 625,
628, 629, 632, 67s, 678, 682,
767.
Spilochalcis debilis, 475, 511.
Squash bug, 505, 510, 555.
Stable fly, 677.
Steatoda borealis, 318.
Stelidota strigosa, 575.
Stelis, 465.

Stenamma fulvum piceum, 563.
Stigmus americanus, 602.
Stomoxys calcitrans, 677.
Strawberry leaf-roller, 277, 317.

weevil, 221.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

789

Swallow-tail butterfly, 343.

Sycaste, 490.

Synanthedon pictipes, 207, 322, 466,

527-
Synergus, 421.

Telea polyphemus, 527, 547.
Tent caterpillar, American, 209,
236, 267, 284, 320, 321, 323.
333, 457, 475, 476, 549.

forest, 267, 321.
Terias, See Xanthidia.
Tetralopha platanella, 224.
Tetrastichus, 435.
Thanaos juvenalis, 193, 228.

lucilius, 450.
Thecla, 196.

calanus, 455.

edwardsi, 454.

melinus, 284.
Theronia fulvescens, 475.
Thrips sp., 328.
Thyanta custator, 550.
Thymelicus cernes, 547.
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis,

321, 340.
Tinea, 305.

pellionella, 200.
Tischeria malifoliella, 199, 458, 459,

460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 466.
solidaginifoliella, 464.

Tmetocera ocellana, 229.
Tobacco worm, 195.
Tortrix fumiferana, 320.
Torymus, 421, 435.
Toxoptera graminum, 261.
Tree cricket, 520, 554, 555.
Tremex columba, 325.
Trogoxylon parallelopipedum, 237.
Trumpet leaf-miner, 458, 459, 460,

461, 462, 463, 464, 466.
leaf-roller, 199.

Trypeta gibbosa, 453.
Trypoxylon, 465.

Uranotes. See melinus, 284.
Uroplata. See Odontata.

Vanessa antiopa. See Euvanessa.

atalanta, 197, 199, 202, 451, 453,
460, 466, 472.

cardui, 195, 197, 267, 287, 472.

huntera, 202.

milberti. See Aglais.

urticae, 197.
Vespula, 465.

Wasp, sphecoid, 620.
Weevil, potato-stalk, 234.
strawberry, 221.
white-pine, 210.
Wheat aphis, 558.

stem maggot, 493.
White grub, 616.

White-marked tussock moth, 191,
194, 200, 223, 224, 270, 321,
322, 323, 340, 356, 359. 452,
453, 455, 457, 458, 460, 473,
475, 478, 511, 527. 528, 547,
549.
White-pine weevil, 210.
Woolly apple aphis, 490.
Worm, army, 193, 195, 197, 204, 280,
288, 328, 356, 360.
bag, 321, 340, 478.
cabbage, 471.
canker, 359, 635.
corn ear, 547.
cotton, 321, 467.
fall army, 467.
fall web, 224, 453.
tobacco, 195.

Xanthidia nicippe, 197.
Xiphydria abdominalis, 242.

albicornis, 242.

provancheri, 242.

Zelus longipes, 511.
Zerene catenaria, 287.

INDEX TO HYMENOPTERA

In this Index, specific names begin with small letters. Synonyms are
in italics.

abbotti (Diprion), 43, 44.

(Pristaulacus), 241.
abbreviata, 681, 682.
abbreviatus, 173.
abdominalis (Aleiodes), 235, 236.

(Diprion), 43, 44.

(Dolerus), 74, 76.

(Exyston), 300, 301.

(Hylotoma), 161, 163.

(Odontaulacus), 241, 242.
abdominalis, 171.

abdominalis var. rufinus, 300, 301.
Abia, 102.
abietis, 43, 44.
Ablerus, 487, 490.
abnorma, 154, 155.
abnormis, 490.
abrupta (Anthophora), 736, 737.

(Loxotropa), 565.
abruptus, 574, 575.
acantholyda, 33.
Acanthomyops, 590, 591, 594.
Acanthoscelio, 543.
Acanthostichus, 580.
Accepta, 712, 716, 717.
acericaulis, 109, no.
aceris, 260, 261.
Acerophagus, 493.
acervorum, subspecies canadensis,

5S8.
aciculatus, 236.
Aclista, 569, 570, 573-
Acoloides, 542, 551.
Aeolus, 542, 551.
Acordulecera, 165.
Acordulecerinse, 43, 165.
Acraspis, 380.
acritus, 74, 76.
acronyctre (Apanteles), 188, 195,

(Campoplex), 266, 267.
Acropiesta, 569, 570.
Acroricnus, 258, 330.
actinomeridis, 536, 537, 539.
actuosus, 203, 204.
acuminata (Blennocampa), 155.

(Pontania), 139, 140.

acutus, 687.
Adiastola, 340.
Adirus, 172, 173.
adusta, 155.
advena, 515.

(Callimome), 515,

(Crabro), 669, 670.
aenea, 31.
aqualis (Crabro), 670, 671.

(Monophadnus), 149, 150.

(Nysson), 655.

(Priophorus), 109, IIO.
Aereus, 514.
yErophilopsis, 229.
aestivalis, 740, 741.
aethiops (Endelomyia), 77.

(Periope), 308.

(Psammochares), 633, 634.
affabilis, 724, 725, 727.
affinis (Bremus), 755, 757.

(Leucospis), 528.

(Neuroterus), 393.

(Pachynematus), 117, 119, 120.
affinis, 739.

Agapostemon, 704.
Agathis, 231.
Agathis, 229.
agcistus. 73, 76.
Ageniella, 627, 628.
agilis (Bassus), 227, 228.

(Eurylabus), 342.

(Lissonota), 314, 315.

(Syrphoctonus), 302.
agilis yar. aurigeniae, 731, 732, 733.
aglaspidula, 605.
agricola, 186, 192.
agrili, 210.
Agriotypidse, 180.
agromyzae, 566, 567,
Agrothereutes, 258, 330.
Agrypon, 284.
akhursti, 44.
alacris, 332, 333.
A.laptus, 446, 448.
alaskensis, 259.

790

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

791

alba, 94, 99-

albicornis (Chiloneurus), 490,

(Urocerus), 171.
albicoxa, 495.
albidopictus, 46.
albidovariatus, 106.
albifrons (Loderus), 76.
(Mesoleptidea), 290.
albipennis, 702, 704, 707.
albipes (Homaspis), 291.

(Ichneumon), 324.
albitarse, 676.
albitarsis, 457.
albiventris, 749, 750-
albomaculata (Macrophya), 97.
100.
(Mesostenidea), 329, 330-
(Rhyssa), 326.
albomarginata, 35.
albomarginatus, 636, 638.
albophaleratus, 636, 639.
albopictus, 310.
albopilosum, 676.
alborictus, 319, 322.
albotarsatus, 281.
Alcidamea, 751.
Alcocerus, 254, 308.
Aleiodes, 219, 235, 765.
aleurodinis, 534-
aleurodis, 448.
Alexeter, 289.
algonquina, 619.
algonquinorum, 188, 190.
algonquinus, 339, 340-
alienata, 628, 629.
alienus, 592.
Allantus, 81, loi 762.
AUantus, 91, 92, 148-
alleghaniensis, 710, 7io-
AUocamptus, 288.
AUocota, 340.
Allocryptus, 333-
Alloplasta, 3i5-
Allotria, 367- , . -

AUotria, cabbage aphis, 3o7-

oat, 367-
Allotypus, 183.

allynii, 510. _

alnicola (Polygnotus), 530, 53»-

(Polymecus), 534, 535-
altiscuta, 482.
Alysiidse, I79, 211.
Alyson, 654.
Alysonini, 6S4-
amaaecontorum, 200.
Amauronematus, 112 121.
ambigua (Entomacis), 503.
(Messa), 157-

(Sierolomorpha), 618.
ambiguus, 558, 559.
Amblyaspis, 531, 532.
Amblynotus, 375.

Amblyteles, 177, 178, 258. 344, 300.
Ameloctonus, 247, 248, 266.
americana (Abia), 102.
(Cimbex), 104.
(Cinetus), 570.
(Formica,), 579-
(Hemichroa), 106.
(Lissonota), 314, 3i5-
(Mesostenidea), 329, 330,
(Nomada), 723, 726.
(Quadrigana), 294.
(Sapyga), 620.
americana (Adiastola), 340.
(Andrena), 718.
(Synairema), 81.
americana var. alba, 104, 105.
americana var. dahlbomii, l(H, IDS-
americana var. decemmaculata, I04t

105.
americana var. laportei, 104.
americana var. luctifera, 104.
americana var. nortoni, 104.
americanormn, 757.
americanus,

(Agrothereutes), 332.

(Aphelopus), 615.

(Baeus), 55i-

(Colletes), 740, 741.

(Dinocampus), 225.

(Eubadizon), 221.

(Eumacrocentrus), 22a

(Euxorides), 309-

(Lasius), 578.

(Mesochorus), 279, 2ao.

(Opius), 183.

(Platycampus), 109.

(Pompiloides), 631.

(Protrimorus), 544-

(Stigmus), 689.

(Stilpnus), 341.

amicus, 47.
Amitus, 531, 534-
Ammobia, 647. 679. O80.
Ammophila, 680.
amoenus, 326.
Amorphota, 268, 269.
Amphibolips, 370- 404, 70o.
amphicerovorum, 509.
Ampulex, 651.
Ampulicidie, 651.
Anacharis. 363. 305-
Anacrabro, 661.
Anacrabronini, 661.

792

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

analis, (Pantoclis), 572.
(Erigorgus), 283, 284,
(Scopiorus), 298.
Anaphes, 446, 447.
Anaphoidea, 447.
anass (Encyrtus), 505.
(Hadronotus), 555.
Anastatus, 507, 508.
anceps, 349, 360.
Ancistrocerus, 635, 638.
Ancistr omnia. See Larropsis.
Andrena, 709, 776. 777.
Andrenidae, 699, 709.
andreniformis, 722.
andrenoides wellesleyana, 711, 715,

718.
Andncus, 370, 373, 409, 769.
Andronicus, 742, 750, 751.
Anecphysis, 253, 301.
Anectata, 568, 570, 573.
Aneurynchus, 561, 562, 564.
Angitia, 247, 248, 264-
angnina, 309.
angularis, 690.

angulata (Blennocampa), 155.
(Itycorsia), 34, 35.
(Tenthredo), 87, 91.
angulifera, 88, 92.
angusi, 713, 719.
animosa. 316, 317.
Anisitsia, 271.
annularis, 644.
annulatus (Leucopelmonus), 83.

(Passaloecus), 689.
annulicornis, 319, 321,
annulipes (Amblyteles), 348, 356.
(Bassus), 227, 229.
(Campoplex), 266, 267.
(Qistopyga), 317.
annulipes, 322.
annulosus, 68.
anomaliventris, 558, 559.
Anomalon, 766.
Anomalon, 281.
Anopedius, 531, 533.
Anoplius, 632, 633.
Anoplolyda, 33, 39.
Anoplonyx, 108.
anormis, 637, 640.
Anozus, 451, 452.
Ant, blood-red slave-maker, 596.
carpenter, 578, 600.
garden, 578.
mound-building, 596.
red house, 578, 58^.
sanguinary, 596.
shining Amazon, 599.
shining slave-maker, 599.

silky, 578, 598.

velvet, 624.

yellow house, 584.
antennariae, 532, 533.
antennata (Blennocampa), 154, 155.

(Pteronidea), 128, 134.

(Tenthredo), 85, 91.
antennatus (Diplazon), 304.

(Oxy torus), 289.
Anteon, 613, 616.
Anthedon, 732.
Anthemoessa, 737.
Anthemois, 745.
Anthoboscinae, 616, 618.
anthonomi (Gonatocerus), 449.

(Pteromalus), 476.
Anthophilus, 672.
Anthophora, 735, 737.
Anthophorabia, 465.
Anthophoridae, 699, 735.
antiopae, 456.
Apasleticus, 343.
Apanteles, 181, 184, 198.
Apenesia, 608, 609, 610.
Aperileptus, 276.
aperta, 155.
apertus (Amblyteles), 345, 356.

(Emphytus), 56, 57.
Aphasnogaster, 583, 585.
Aphaereta, 212, 214.
Aphanisus, 143, 153.
Aphanogmus, 557, 560.
Aphelinidae, 445, 487, 774.
Aphelinus, 487, 489.
Aphelopus, 613, 615.
Aphidencyrtus, 505.
aphidicola, 594.
aphidiphagus, 505.
aphidis, 540, 541.
Aphidius, 243, 259, 261.
Aphidius, 222.
Aphidius, knot-weed, 261.
Aphilanthops, 672.
Aphycus, 492, 493, 501.
apicalis (Opius), 183.

(Strongylogastroidea), 63,

64.
(Tachysphex), 687.
(Triclistus), 307.
Apidae, 699, 754.
apidivorum, 481.
Apis. 754, 760.
Apoidea. 23, 698, 776.
Aporinellus, 630, 631.
Aporus, 631.
appalachia, 314.
appendiculatus, 112, 113.
appendigaster, 240, 241.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

793

apncus, y2, 75.

aprilinus, 280.

aprilis (Dolerus), 74, 76.

(Sagaritis), 262, 263.
apriloides, 70, 75.
Apsilops, ZZZ-
Aptesis, 258, 328.
arabis, 712, 717.
Arachnophaga, 507, 509.
Arachnophroctonus, 630, 632.
Aradophagus, 542, 550.
archippi, 473.
archipsidis, 222, 223.
architecta, 627, 628.
arctica, 642.
arcuatus (Halictus), 701, 703, 705.

(Ophion), 288.
Ardis, 143.
areator, zyj, 339-
arelate, 696.
Arenetra, 256, 315.
argentata, 684.
argentea, 273.
argenteus, 631, 632.
argus, 670, 671.
argynnidis, 186, 193.
aristoteliae, 190, 199.
armata, 366.
armatus, 558.
armifera, 609.
Arotes, 255, 326.
articulata, 726, 727.
arvalis, 329, 330.
arvensis (Mellinus), 677.

(Sphecodes), 708.

(Sphex). 682.
arvensis, 76.
arzamse, 545, 546, 548.
Ascogaster, 218, 231.
ashmeadi (Andricus), 417.

(Pammegischia), 242.

(Pleurotropis), 457.
Ashmeadopria, 562, 563, 566.
ashtoni, 759, 760.
Asobara, 212, 213.
Asphragis, 313.
Aspicera, 364, 365.
aspidioticola, 448.
aspidiscas, 184.
Aspilota, 212, 213.
assita, 272.
Astata, 688.
Astatinse, 653, 687.
astericola, 536, 537, 538.
asteris (Andrena), 713, 716. 7^9-

(Panurginus), 721, 722.
Asticlius, 456, 457-
Astomaspis, 340.

asynapte, 536, 537, 538.
atalantae, 188, 197, 323.
Atanycolus, 182, 210.
atlanticus, 691.
Atomacera, 160.
atra (Phrontosoma), 48.

(Pontania), 137, 140.
atrata, 325.
atratum (Chlorion), 679.

(Isodyctium), 146.
atratus, 464.
atriceps (Chelogj'nus), 615.

(Epirhyssalus), 235.

(Triclistus), 307.
atricornis, 656, 657.
atrifrons, 346, 360.
atriventris (Osmia), 749, 750.

(Tetralonia), y^Z-
atroviolacea var. cinctula, 81.
atroviolaceum, 81.
atroviolaceum var. tardum, 81, 82.
atrox. 633, 634.
atta, 582.

attenuata, 168, 169.
Augochlora, 705.
Augochlora, 705.
augustus (Apanteles), 187, 194.

(Iphiaulax), 210.
Aulax, 370, 372, 374.
Aulax, Z72,, 374.
Auliacomerus, no.
aureopectus, 120.
auriceps, 522.
auricomus, 758, 759.
auriculiferus, 336.
auripes (Chlorion), 679.

(Polymecus), 534. 535-
austriaca, 642.
Automalus, 343.
avenae, 367.
avenaphis, 260, 261.
avingrata, 30.
Axima, 518, 524.
Aylax, 374.
azaleae, 123, 124.
azotus, 351, 357.

baccharicola, 536, 537, 539.

Bachia, 336.

badia. 405.

Baeocharis, 491, 493, 494-

Bceotomus, 479.

Baeus, 542, 55i-

Banchidje, 179, 216.

Banchus, 216.

banksi, 113, 115.

bard us, 148.

Barichneumon, 357, 360.

794

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

Baryceros, 295.

Baryconus, 543, 554.

basalis, 169.

Basalys, 561, 568.

basicinctus, 232, 233.

basilaris (Allantus), loi, 102.

(Chelonus), 232, 233.
bassetti, 438.
Bassus, 218, 226, 228.
Bassus, 302,
batatus, 384.
Batazonus, 630.
Bathycetes, 313.
Bathyplectes, 247, 263.
Bathythrix, 340.
bedeguaris, 515.
Bee, bumble, 754.
carder, 754.
carpenter, 753.
cuckoo, 722.
digger, 730.
false bumble, 759.
honey, 754. 760.
leaf-cutter, 741, 742.
mason, 741, 748.
parasitic bumble, 759.
small carpenter, 753.
sweat, 699.
bella, 723, 726.
Belyta. 569, 571-
. Belytidae, 531, 568.
Bembecidae, 651, 691.
Bembecinae, 692.
Bembex, 693, 694.
Bembidula, 693.
bethunei, 160.
Bethylidae, 607, 608.
Bethylus, 610.
bicapillaris, 304.
bicincta, 616, 617.
bicinctus, 174.
biclinia, 165, 167.
bicolor (Astata), 688.
(Comys), 494-
(Dolerus), 72, 75.
(Eur>'toma), 521.
(Macroxyela), 31, 32.
(Odontomerus), 311.
(Rhodites), 440.
(Rhorus), 300.
(Sigalphus), 233.
bicolor, 620,
bicolorata, 33.
bicoloripes, 764.
bidens, 635, 636, 639.
bidentatum, 675, 676, 677.
bifasciata, 86, 91.
bifasciatus, 614.

bifidus, 545, 547.
bifoveolata, 571.
bifoveolatum, 679.
bifoveolatus (Epyris), 611.

(Ophion), 287, 288.
bigeminus, 668.
biguttatus, 631.
bilineata (Macrophya), 96, 100.

(Tenthredo), 85, 91.
bilineatus, 287, 288.
bilobatus, 241, 242.
bilunatus, 673, 674.
bimaculata, 731, 732, 733.
bimaculatus (Bremus), 756, 757,
758.

(Janus), 173.

(Mellinus), 677.
Biorhiza, 368, 371, 373, 3^3-
bipunctata, 626.
bipunctata, 716.

bipunctatus (Monophadnus), 149,
150.

(Paramellinus), 656.
birenimaculatus, 636, 639.
bisalicis, 712, 715, 720.
bisignata, 725, 727.
Bivena, 80, 82.
bivittata, 114, 115.
Blacus, 217, 222.
Blastothrix, 492, 502.
Blennocampa, 143, 154.
Blennocampa, 143, 148, 156.
Blennocampinae, 42, 142,
Blepharipus, 669, 671.
bolteni, 521.
Bombias. 754, 758.
bombiformis, 734.
bomboides, 736, 737-,
bomboides canadensis, 736, 737.
Bombus, 754.
borealis (Bremus), 756, 758.

(Paragryon), 553.

(Pontania), 138, 140.
borealis, 642.
boscii, 637, 639.
Bothriothorax, 491, 492, 497.
boucheanus, 475.
bracata, 527.
braccata, 713, 716, 718.
Brachistes, 217, 221.
Brachymyrmex, 590, 591.
Bracon, 218, 230.
Bracon, 207, 210, 220.
Braconidse, 180, 216, 765.
bradleyi, 709, 7i4, 7i9-
branfordensis, 230, 231.
brassicae, 367.
Bremus, 753, 754, 7S8.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

795

Brephoctonus, 254, 305.
brevicauda, 515.
brevicaudus, 201, 202.
brevicinctor, 345, 351, 357,
brevicorne, 585.
brevicornis, 592, 593.
brevinodis, 587.

var. canadensis, 587.
brevipennis, 348, 359.
brevis, 743, 745, 746.
breviventris (Amblyaspis), 532,
533.

(Tachytes), 685, 686.
brittonj (Amblyteles), 347, 348,
358.

(Bassus), 227, 229.

(Microgaster), 201, OT2,

(Phygadeuon), 335, 336.
brochymenae, 549, 550.
bronteus, 350, 357.
Bruchophagus, 518, 520.
Bruesia, 622.
brullei (Thyreodon), 287.

(Trogus), 343.
brunneicornis (Pleuroneura), 30.

(Tiphia), 619.
brunneipes, 666.
brunneus (Amauronematus), 124.

(Aphycus), 501.
brunniceps, 34, 35.
brunniventris rhodura, 711, 715, 716.
bucculatricis, 505, 766.
Bucculatriplex, 765, 766.
bucephala, 748, 749, 750. •
Bumble-bee, 754.

false, 759.
burquei, 242.
burra (Sphecophaga), 293.

(Sympherta), 299.
burrus, 236.
buttricki, i28, 229,

Cabbage aphis Allotria, 367.

Xystus, 367.
Cacellus, 543, 544» 555-
cacoecise, 466.
Cacotropa, 293.
caeca, 52, 55.
csementarius, 682.
casnolyda, 22,, 36.
cserulae, 161. ,

caerulans, 604, 605.
casrulescens, 455.
cseruleum, 682.

caeruleus (Amblyteles), 344. 35 1.
359.

(Halictus), 702, 704, 706.
caespitum, 589.

caetrata, 49, 54.

Calais, 278, 280.

calandrae, 478.

cnlcarata, 628.

calcaratus, 685, 686.

calda, 51, 55.

californica, 572.

californicus (Diphadnus), 113.

(Serphus), 574, 575.
caligmosus, 345, 357,
caliptera, 627, 628.
Caliroa, yy.
Calliclisis, 309.
callida, 50. 55.
Calliephialtes, 322, 324.
Callimome, 512, 515.
Callimomidae, 445, 512.
Calliopsis, 721, 722.
Callirhytis, 426, 769.
callosa, 49, 54.
calopteni, 556, 557.
Caloteleia, 543, 554.
Calyptus. 221.
campanula, 377.
campestris, 636, 638.
Camponiscus, log.
Camponotinae. 579, 590.
Camponotus, 578, 590, 600.
Campoplegidea, 268.
Campoplex, 246, 247, 248, 263.
Campoplex, 271.
Campothreptus, 276.
Campsomeris, 616, 617.
Camptotera, 446, 448.
canadensis (Agrothereutes), 332,

2>2Z.

(Andrena), 712, 715, 717.

(Anoplonyx), 108.

(Cephaleia), 36.

(Chelogynus), 615.

(Cosmoconus), 294.

(Euceros), 299.

TEucoilidea), 366.

(Isocybus), 541.

(Megastigmus), 513.

(Metallus), 159. 160.

(Microbracon), 206, 207.

(Osmia), 74Q. 750.

(Pseudomethoca), 622.

fXiphydria), 168, 169.
canadensis, 740.
canadensis var. cognata, 750.
canaliculatus (Hoplisus), 656.

(Rogas), 289.
Candida, 329, 330.
candidula, 54, 55.
canella, 62J,.
caniculatus, 651, 652.

796

CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

canora, 54, 55-

capitalis, 159, 160.

Capitoniidae, 179, 766.

Capitonius, 766.

capra, 636, 639.

caprina, 51, 55-

capsulus, 425.

captiosa, 52, 55.

caraborum, 552.

carbonaria, 154, i5S-

Cardiochiles, 181, 183.

carduicola, 188, 195.

carinata, 566.

carinatus (Chorineus), 308.
(Heriodes), 75i-
(Microgaster), 201, 202.

cariniger, 308.

cariosa, 54, 55.

carlini, 713, 7i5, 7i8.

carolinensis (Pristiphora), 114,

115-

(Serphus), 574. 575-

(Trichopria), 566, 567.
carpatus, 191, 200.
carpini, 129, 134.
carpocapsse, 231.
caryse (Erythraspides), 156.

(Platygaster) 540.
caryicola, 145, 140.
casca, 53, 55-

Casinaria, 246, 248, 268, 269, 270.
Casinarta, 270.
cassianus, 189, 197.
casta, 52, 55.
castaneus, 600.
castaneus americanus, 600.
castigata, 53, 55.
castor, 624.
cata, 51, 55.
catocalae, 467.
Catoglyptus, 250, 291.
Catolaccus, 469, 476.
catskilli, 636, 639.
caudata, 171.
caudatus, 530, 574-
cauduca, 53, 55-
causata, 87, 91.
cauta, 54, 55.
cava, 50, 55.
cavata, 49, 54.
ceanothi, 270.
cecidomyiae (Eritrissomerus), 534.

(Rileya), 520.
celebrata, 52, 55.
cellularis (Atomacera), 161.

(Parasierola), 612.
celsa, 49, 54.
Cemolobus, 730, 733.

Cenoccelius, 766.

Centeterus, 342.

centrata, 620.

centrator (Amblyteles), 178, 346,

355-
centratus, 610.
Centrias, 726.
Centrodora, 490.
Centrosmia, 750.
Cephaleia, 22, 35-
cephalicus, 701, 703, 707.
Cephidae, 29, 172.
Cephus, 172, 174.
Cephus, 173. 174-
Cerapachys, 580.
Ceraphron, 557, 559-
Ceraphrdlndae, 530, 557.
cerasi, 77, 79.
Ceratina, 753.
Ceratinidse, 699, 753-
Ceratobaeus, 542.
Ceratogastra, 245, 273.
ceratomiae, 203.
Ceratosmia, 750.
Ceratosoma, 273.
Cerceridae, 651, 694.
Cerceris, 650, 672, 694, 695.
Cercocephala, 484, 485.
cerealellse, 476.
ceresarum, 449.
cesta, 98, loi.
Ceropales, 626.

Ceropalidae. See Psammocharidae.
Ceropalinae, 626.
ceropteroides, 434.
Ceroptres, 368, 371, 375, 434-
Chalcididae, 444, 526.
chalcidiphagus, 479.
Chalcidoidea, 23, 443, 772.
Chalcis, 526, 528.
Chalcis, clover-seed, 520.
Chalcura, 525, 526.
Chalybion. 682.
champlaini, 623, 624.
charus, 211.
Chasmias, 355.
Chelogynus, 613, 615.
Chelonella, 233.
Chelonus, 218, 232, 233.
chenopodii, 461. 1

Chiloneurus, 491, 492, 496.
chionanthi, 147.
chionobae, 471.
Chiropachys, 470, 484. *

Chiropachys, 481.
chittendeni, 611.
Chloralictus, 706.
chloreus, 121.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

797

Chlorion, 647, 678, 679.
Chlorion, 682.
Chlorionini, 678.
Chorineus, 254, 308.
Christolia, 330.
chrysargynus, 668, 669.
Chrysididae, 602.
Chrysidoidea, 23, 602.
Chrysis, 602, 604.
chrysochlora, 516.
Chrysogona, 604.
chrysopae, 546, 549-
cicadae, 451.
Cicada-killer, 692.
cicatricula, 413, 425.
Cidaphurus, 216.
ciliata, 720, 721.
Cimbex, 102, 103.
Cimbicinae, 42, 102.
cincticornis, 344, 355.
cinctipennis, 459.
cinctipes (Emphytus), 56, S7«
(Schlettererius), 215.

cinctitarsis, 345, 351, 355-

cinctitibiis, 90, 92.

cinctulum, 81.

cinctus, 762.

Cinetus, 569, 570.

Cirrospilus, 465.

Cirrospilus, 452.

citrifrons, 353, 358.

citrinus, 760.

Cladiinae, 42, 108.

Cladius, 108, no.

Cladius, no.

claripennis, 553.

clarus, 343-

clavata, 448.

clavatum, 676, 677.

clavatus, 300, 301.

clavicornis, 161, 163.

claviger, 592, 594.

clavula, 434.

claytoniae, 776.

Cleonymidae, 484, 511.

clisiocampae (Ablerus), 490.
(Campoplex), 266.
(Encyrtus), 506.
(Miotropis), 465-
(Telenomus), 546, 549-

Clisodon, 737-

€listopyga, 256, 3'i7-

Closterocerus. 456, 459-

Clover-seed Chalcis, 520.

clypeata. 695, 696.

clypeatus, 574- 575-

Clytochrysus, 664, 665.

cnici, 732.

coarctata pennsylvanica, 581.
cobaltina, 604.
coccinea, 162, 163.
coccois, 493.
Coccophagus, 488, 774.
cockerelli, 713, 715, 717.
coelebs, 407.

Ccelichneumon, 356, 357, 359.
Coelinidea, 211, 212.
Ccelinius, 212.
Ccelioxys, 741, 742, 746.
Coeloides, 182, 210.
Coelopisthus, 470.
ccErulea, 161, 163.
cognatus, 488.
cohaesus, 72, 75.
Coleocentrus, 255, 327.
coUaris (Dolerus), 73, 76.
(Monophadnoides), 153.
(Phrontosoma), 48.
(Plectiscus), 275.
(Profenusa), 156. .
collega, 637, 638, 640.
Colletes, 739.
Colletidae, 699, 739-
collinum, 676.
colon (Chiropachys), 484.
(Trichopria), 566, 567-
coloradensis, 570.
colosericeus, 70, 75.
Colpognathus, 258, 342.
columba, 172.
columbiae, 338, 340.
columbianum, 573.
columbianus (Goniozus), 612, 613.

(Paragryon), 553, 554-
comes, 352, 356.
comes van aleatorius, 352, 356.
commoda, 713. 7i5. 7i8.
communis (Meteorus), 222, 223.
(Tryphon), 294.
(Vespula), 643-
communis var. clypeatus, 294.
compacta, 695, 696.
compactus, 739, 740.
compar, 695, 696.
completus, 236.^
compressiventris, 296.
compressus, 651.
compta, 731, 732.
comptus, 353. 358.
comstocki (Amauronematus), 122.
124.
CKuplectrus), 467. 468.
(Ichneumon), 324-
Comys, 401. 492, 494-
conanchetorum, 191. i99-
concavus, 728, 729. 73°.

798

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

concessus, 151, 153.
concinnus, 303.

concolor (Amauronematus), 122,
124.

(Pemphredon), 690.

(Spanotecnus), 292.
condigna, 731, 732.
confertus, 708, 709.
confirmatus, 348, 360.
confluens, 404.
confusa (Macrophya), 94, 100.

(Periclista), 147.

(Strongylogastroidea), 62, 64.
confusum, 103.
confusus, 701, 703, 705.
congregatiformis, 201, 202.
congregatus, 188, 194.
conica (Diapria), 565.

(Priocnemis), 628, 629.
conicus, 570.
conjugatus, 7^, 75.
conjuncta, 748, 749, 750.
conjunctiformis, 262.
connecticutensis, 579.
connecticutorum, 205, 209.
Conoblasta, 317.
Conohalictoides, 720.
Conostigmus, 557, 558.
conotracheli (Anaphes). 447.

(Porizon), 275.
conquisitor, 319, 321,
consimilis (Apanteles), 189, 197.

(Bremus), 756, 758.

(Neuroterus), 387.
consobrina. 643.
consobrinus, 152, 153.
censors (Exenterus), 301, 302.

(Pontania), 138, 140.
conspersus, 152, 153.
conspiculatus, 151, 153.
conspicuus, 151, 153.
contaminata, 97, 100.
contentionis, 276.
contigmis, 331. 332.
contortulus, 614.
Conura, 526, 527.
convexa, 50, 55.
convexa, 716.
cooki (AmphiboUps), 768.

(Amauronematus), 123, 124.

CCremastus), 277.
Copidosoma, 491, 493, 498.
coracinus, 152, 153.
cordatus, 152, 153.
coriaceus, 700, 702, 705.
cornelH (Andrena). 710, 716.

(Pteronidea), 130, 133, 136.
corni, 490.

corni, 718.

comiger (Andricus), 413.

(Pachynematus), 118, 119, 120.
coronata, 610.
corrugatus, 666.
corrugis, 397.
corruscans, 602, 689.
corticosus, 118, 120.
corylus, 127, 134.
Cosmocoma, 446.
Cosmoconus, 251, 294.
costalis (Hoplisus), 657.

(Promethes), 302.
costata, SI, 55.
costatus (Chorineus), 308.

(Monophadnoides), 152, 153.
Cothonaspis. 365, 367.
coxalis, 553.
Crabro, 662, 669, 670.
Crabro, 667.
crabro, 641.

crabroninae, 652, 660, 661.
Crabronini, 661.
crambi, 187, 194.
crassiformis, 339, 340.
crassipes. 334, 336.
crassitarsus, 297.
crassum, 103.
crassus (Erromenus), 298.

(Monophadnoides), 152, 153.

(Tachytes), 685, 686.
crataegi, 710, 714, 716.
Craterocercus, 105.
Cratichneumon, 356, 357, 359.
Cratomus, 468, 483.
Cratospila, 212, 214.
Cratotechus, 460.
Crematogaster, 582, 585.
Cremastus, 246, 277.
Cremnops. See Bracon.
cressoni (Agrothereutes), 331, 332.

(Andrena), 713, 716, 718.

(Banchus), 216.

(Halictus), 702, 704. 707.

(Lissonota), 313, 314.

(Psen), 659.

(Triepeolus). 729, 730.

(Urocerus), 171.
cressoni (Osmia), 750.

(Specodes), 709.
cressoniformis, 339, 340.
cressonii, 328. *

cribraria. 669.
cribrellifer, 670, 671.
cristata, 767.
cristatus, 636, 638.
Croesus, 112, 121.
Crossocerus, 669, 671.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

799

Cryptocerus, 582.

Cryptocheilus, 628, 629.

Cryptopteryx, 333.

Cryptus, 767.

Cry plus, 330.

Cteniscus, 301.

Ctenopelma, 252, 300.

cultus, 291.

cuneata, 723, 726.

cuineata var. notata, 723, 726.

cuneata var. octonotata, 723, 726.

cuneata var. quadrisignata, 723,

726.
cuneata var. sexnotata, 723, 726.
cuproideus, 472.
cupuliferum, 366.
curculionis. S34.
curculionis var. rufa, 234.
Currant stem girdler, i^.
Currant-worm, common, 134,
curtator, 355.
curtus, 282, 284.
curvator, 307.
curvineura. 301.
curvispinosus, 588.
curvispinosus subspecies ambiguus,

588, 589.
cuscutasformis, 435.^
cyaneum var. serarium, 679.
cyaneus, 170, 171.
cyaniridis, 187, 193.
cylindricus (Andronicus), 750, 751.

(Pompiloides), 631, 632.
Cylloceria, 256.
Cymodusa. 246, 262.
cynipicola, 536, 538.
Cynipidse, 361, 368, 7(>7-
Cynipoidea, 23, 361, 767,
Cynips, 369, 403. 434, 7^-
Cymps, 377. 379, 382.
Cyphomyrmex, 582.
cvpris, 623, 624.
Cyrtogaster, 468, 482.

Dacnusa, 211, 213.

dactylopii (Chiloneurus). 497-

(Leptomastix), 503.
daeckei (Andrena), 710, 714, 710.

(Phrontosoma), 48.
Dasyglenes, 484.
Dasymutilla, 622, 623.
datanas, 285.
davisi, 713, 7l8.
debilis (Atomacera), 160, lOl.

(Odyn«rus), 636, 638.

(Spilochalcis), 527.
Decatoma. 517, 5i8.

decemmaculatus, 668, 669.

decens, 290.

decipiens, 614.

decolorata, 66.

decorata, 90, 92.

decorus, 326.

dejecta, 94, 100.

delicatus (Apanteles), 187, 193,

194.

(Macrocentrus), 220.
Delomegachile, 745.
Delomerista, 322.
delta, 82 .
dentatus, 38, 39.
denticulata, 725, 726, 727.
dentifrons, 696.
dentiventris, 731, 732.
Deromyrma, 583.
Derostenus, 456.
deserta, 695, 696.
Desmiostoma, 183.
desmodioides. 140, 141.
desponsa, 731, 732.
destructor, 479.
detectiformis, 226.
detritus, 349, 360. ,
devinctor, 347, 354, 359.
diabolica, 642.
Diaeretus, 261.
Dialges, 251, 293.
Dianthidium, 741, 742, 752.
Diapria. 562, 563, 565.
Diapriidae, 530, 531, 561.
diaspidinarum, 497.
diaspidis, 490.
diastrophi (Eurytoma), 521.

(Orthopelma), 275.
Diastrophus, 362, 370, 373, 435-
Dibrachys, po, 475, 77Z-
Diceratosmia, 750.
dichlocerus, 371, 44i-
difficilis var. consocians, 586, 595,

597.
Diglochis, 475.
dilutum, 145. 146.
dimidiatum, 603.
dimidiatus (Erromenus), 298.

(Gelis), 227, 328.

(Meteorus), 223, 224.
dimmockii (Pachynematus), 116,
120.

(Telenomus), S45. 546.
Dimorphopteryx, 40, 64.
dJmorphus, 378.
Dineura, 107.
Dineura, 106, 107.
Dineurinse, 42, 107.

8oo

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST, SURVEY.

[Bull.

dineutis, 482.
Dinocampus, 218, 225.
Dinocanipus, 225.
Dioctes, 246, 266.
Diolcogaster, 202,
Diomorus, 512, 513.
Diphadnus, in, H2.
Diplazon, 253, 302.
Diplolepis, 366.
Diplorhoptrum, 579.
diplosidis (Polygnotus), 536, 537,
540.

(Systasis), 486.
Diprion, 43, 761.
Diprioninae, 41, 43.
discolor (Bassus), 227, 228.

(Itycorsia), 35.

(Spanotecnus), 292.
Disogmus, 573.
disparilis, 348, 359.
Dissolcus, 542.
distans, 712, 716, 717.
distincta (Cephaleia), 36.

(Cymodusa), 262.

(Larropsis), 684.

(Macroxy^la), 32.

(Osmia),'748, 750.
distinctus (Monophadnus), 148, 150.

(Phytodietus), 311, 312.
distortus, 388.
diversa, 272.
diversicolor, 267.
dohrnii, 157.
Dolerinse, 41, 68.
Dolerus, 68, 69.
Dolerus, 76.

Dolichoderinse, 579, 589.
Dolichoderus, 589.
dolichogaster, 461.
Dolichostrophus, 392.
Dolichovespula, 642.
donatus, 729, 730.
dorcaschemae, 522.
dorise, 604. 605.
dorsalis (Acordulecera), 166, 167.

(Exochus), 306.

(Odynerus), 637. 639.
dorsalis var. annulicrus, 306.
dorsator, 205, 206, 207.
dorsator var. gequalis, 206, 207.
dorsator var. lixi, 205, 207.
dorsator var. melHtor, 205, 207.
dorsator var. variabilis, 206, 20(7.
dorsivittatus, 136.
Dorylinse, 580.
Dorymyrmex, 589.
Drepanium, 708.
drosophilse, 485.

Dryinidae, 607, 613.
Dryinus, 613, 614.
Dryophanta, 371, 2,73, 396, 427.
dubia (Pteronidea), 132, 136.

(Scolia), 616, 617.
dubitata (Coelioxys), 746, 747.

(Tenthredo), 84, 91.
dubitata var. melanopoda, 747.
dubitatus (Hemitaxonus), 46.

(Sagaritis), 262.
dubius (Allantus), 102.

(Neurotevus), 388.

(Philanthus), 673, 674.
Dufoureidse, 698, 720.
dulciaria, 161, 162, 163.
dunningi, 712, 716.
dupla, 753.

duplicatiformis, 354, 360,
duplicatus, 354, 359-
duricoria, 402.
dyari (Amauronematus), 124.

(Pristiphora), 114, 115.

(Pteronidea), 127, 132, 134.
dysporus, 73, 75.

earinoides, 227, 229.

Earinus, 218, 229.

ebenus (Agrothereutes), 331, 333.

(Schizocerus), 164.
Echthriis, 767.
Ectemnius, 664, 666.
Ectopimorpha, 360.
Eczetesis, 253, 299.
edwardsi (Apanteles), 190, 199.

(Sirex) 170, 171.
egregia, 619, 620.
egregius, 77J,.
Elachertidae, 445, 464.
Elachertus, 464, 466.
Elachistus, 466.
Elasmidae, 445, 463.
Elasmus, 463.
electa, 724, 727.
electus, 353, 355, 360,
elegans, 312, 313.
elegans, 446.
Eliinse, 616, 617.
Elis, 617.

ellipticus, 737, 738.
elongatus, 456.
elyi (Campoplex), 264.

(Paracanidia), 273.
emarginata (Notoglossa), 660.

(Periclista), 147.
emarginatus, 193.
emersoni, 587, 588.
emertonii, 551.
Emphor, 734.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

8oi

Emphoridce, 699, 734.
Emphoropsis, TZT-
Emphytinae, 41, 45.
Emphytus, 45, 55, 762.
Empria, 45, 48.
Encarsia, 487, 489.
Encyrtidae, 445, 491.
Encyrtus, 492, 493, 504.
Endelomyia, ']'].
Enicospilus, 288.
ensiger, 442.
ensiger, 375.
Entechnia, 734.
Entedon, 456.
Entedontidae, 446, 455.
Entomacis, 561, 563.
Eparces, 258, 342.
Epeolus, 722, 728.
Ephedrus, 243, 258.
ephemera, 213.
Ephialtes, 323, 324.

Ephuta, 622, 625.
epicera,_63, 64.
Epimecis, 323.

epinota, 93, 99.

Epipheidole, 581.

Epiphilanthus, 672.

Epirhyssalus, 219, 235.

Epistenia, 470, 484.

Episyron, 630, 631.

Epitaxonus, 45, 46.

Epiurus, 321.

Epcecus, 581.

Epyris, 608, 611.

Erebomyrma, 582.

Eremochila, 322.

Eretmocerus, 487, 490.

erichsoni, 115.

Ericoelinius, 211, 212.

Ericydnus, 493.

erigeniae, 715.

Erigorgus, 248, 281, 766.

Eriocampa, 45, 58.

Eriocampa, 79, 80.

Eriocampoides, 77, 79-

Eriplanus, 340.

Eripternus, 269.

Eritrissomerus, 532, 534-

errans, 664.

erratica, 316, 317.

Erromenus, 253, 298.

error, 533.

Erythraspides, 143. ISS-

erythrogaster, 227, 229.

erythrogaster, I34-

erythrogastra (Pteromdea),

(Rhimphalea), 296.
51

(Xiphydria), 168, 169.
erythropus (Belyta), 571.
(Trichopria), 566, 567.
erythrothorax, 559.
esurus, 452.
etemankiakorum, 263.
Ethelurg:us, 340.
Euagathis, 228.
Eubadizon, 217, 221.
Euceridae, 699, 730.
Euceros, 253, 299.
Euchastis, 189, 197.
Eucharidae, 444, 525.
euschisti, 549, 550.
Eucoila, 364, 365, 366.
Eucoilidea, 364, 365, 366.
Eudecatoma, 517, 519.
Euderus, 456.
Eulophidae, 445, 460.
Eulophus, 460.
Eulophus, 453, 454'
Eumacrocentrus, 217, 220.
Eumegaspilus, 557. 559'
Eumenes, 634.
Eumenidae, 607, 634.
Eutnesins, 299.
Eupachylommidae, 180.
Eupelmidae, 445, 507-
Eupelmus, 508, 510.
Eupclmus, 508.

Euperilampus, 524. 525-

Euphorus, 218, 224,

Eupitheciae, 270.

euplectri, 458.

Euplectrus, 464, 467-

Eupone'"a, 581.

Eupteromalus, 773.

euroste, 238.

eurygaster, 210.

Eurylabus, 258, 342.

Eurytoma, 517. 520.

Eurytomidae, 445. 5i7.

Eusandalum, 508, 509-

Eutelus, 469, 478.

Euura, 112, 141.

euurae, 537. 540-

Euxorides, 257. 309-

Evania, 239, 240.

Evaniella, 239. 241.

Evaniidae, 180, 239.

Evaniinae, 239.

evansii, 83.

evecta, 54- 55-

Evoxysoma. 518, 523.

Evylaeus, 705.
127, exapta, 329. 330. ^ ^.

exareolatus (Aphidius). 260, 2O1.
(Meteorus), 223, 224.

802

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

(Opius), 182, 183.
excavata (Anoplolyda), 40, 41.

(Pseudosiobla), 58.
excavatum, (fj(>.
exclamans, 743, 745.
Exenterus, 253, 301.
exesorius, 343.
Exetastes, 245, 274.
exhaustator, 275.
exiguissimus, 389.
exiguus (Andricus), 417.

(Neuroterus), 389.
exilis (Erigorgus), 284.

(Lissonota), 314..
eximia, 87, 91.
eximius, 337, 339.
Exochilum, 286, 287.
Exochus, 254, 306.
exsecta, 596.
exsectoides, 595, 596.
extensicornis, 116, 119, 120.
externa, 96, 100.
extrematata, 681, 682.
extrematata var. pictipennis, 681,

682.
extrematatis, 344, 351, 357.
extrematis, 332, 333.
Exyston, 253, 300.

fabricii, 43, 44.
falcifer, 709.

fallax var. nearcticus, 600.
famelicum, 556.
fascialis, 99, loi.
fasciata (Caliroa), 79, 80.

(Ceratogastra), 273.

(Holcaspis), 402.

(Neurotoma), 37.
fasciatus (Aporinellus), 631.

(Aradophagus), 550.

(Pristaulacus), 241.
fasciola, 695, 696.
fascipennis (Cephaleia), 36.

(Exetastes), 274.
favosus, 386.
femoratus, 234.
Fenusa, 156, 157.
Fenusa, 157.
Fenusinse, 42, 156.
fernaldi, 83, 91.
ferrugata, 623, 624.
ferruginea, 32.
ferrugineus (Banchus), 216.

(Erigorgus), 285.
feryidus, 755, 756, 757.
festiva, 725, 727.
ficus, 377.
Figites, 364, 366.

Figites, 366.

Figitidae, 361, 363.

fimbriata, 718.

finitimus, 353, 358.

fisheri, 764.

fiskei (Apanteles), 186, 193.

(Telenomus), 544, 546, 549.
fissus, 232, 233.
flavescens, 299.
flavicauda, 570.
flavicinctus, 465.
flaviconchae, 186, 193.
flavicorne, 285, 287.
flavicornis (Amblyaspis), 532, 533.

(Amblyteles), 351, 355.

(Apanteles), 187, 193.

(Spilomicrus), 564.

(Urocerus), 171.
flavicoxa (Callimome), 515.

(Macrophya), 95, 96, 100.
flavicoxae, 301, 302.
flavicrurus, 241.
flavifrons (Gonatopus), 614.

(Zemiodes), 288.
flavipes (Loxotropa), 565.

(Megastigmus), 513.

(Paragryon), 553, 554-

(Selandria), 66.

(Serphus), 574, 575.
flaviscapus, 560.
Haz'iventris, 173.
flavizonatus, 352, 356.
flavomarginis, 90, 92.
flavopalliata, 506.
flavoscutellum, 488, 489.
flavum, 450.
flavus (Aphycus), 501.

(Encyrtus), 504.
flavus nearcticus, 592, 593.
fletcheri (Coccophagus), 488.

(Megorismus), 773.
flocci, 419, 423.
floccosus, 390.
floridana (Anthophora), 735, 737.

(Hoploteleia), 555.

(Alacroteleia), 554.

(Pareophora), 143.

(Polyselandria), 66.
floridanus, 564.
Florilegus, 732.
foederalis, 741.
Fcenus, 239.
footei, 353, 358.
foraminatus, 637, 640.
forbesi (Andrena), 713, 714, 719.

(Apanteles), 191, 200.
Forelius, 589.
Formica, 578, 579- S90, 594-

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

803

Formicidae, 577-

Formicoidea, 22, 577-

formosa (Macrophya),,98, lOi.

(Tenthredo), 87, Qi-
formosus (Andricus), 410-
(Arotes), 326.
(Chiloneurus), 497-
forticornis, 384-
fortis, 329- 330.
foveolata, 213.
foveolatus, 612, 613.
foxi, 701, 703, 706.
fragilis, 712, 7i5, 7i7-
f raterna ( Ceropales) , 626, 627.
(Eumenes), 635-

fraternalis, 106. .\ .oa aRo

fraternus (Coccophagus), 488. 4»9-

(Horismenus), 45<>-
frey-gessneri, 604, 605.
frigida (Lissonota), 3^4, 3^b-

(Tenthredo), 88, 92.

frigida, 745-
frigidum, 676, 077-
frigidus, 672.
f rondosus, 420. ^ . ^ .
frontalis (Cephaleia), 30-
(Dialges), 293-
(Diplazon), 302.
(Euplectrus), 467-
frontalis var. rivalis, 293.
fruticola, 769-
fucatus, 291.
fugitivus, 266, 207.
fuUginea, 96, 100.
fulva, 585. 586.
fulva aquia, 500- . g,

fulva aquia var. picea, 5»o-
fulvescens, 323-
fulvicoUis, 381-
fulvicornis, 629.
fulvicrus, 127, 134-
fulvipediculata, 69S, 090.
fulvipes (Amauronematus), 123,

124.

(Hemiteles), 338, 340.

(Ichneutes), 221.
fulvipes, 696.
fulvum piceum, 5o3-

'fSennfs (Cerceris) 6,5, 696.

(Hypargyricus), I45-

(Paragryon), 553-
funebris, 520.
funestus, 359-
fungor, 341. 342.

ISSvt^ubaenescens 5^,599.
fusca var. subsencea, 59t>. 590-

fuscipenne, 286, 287.
fuscipennis (Aphelinus), 490.

(Basalys), 568.

(Megaspilus), 558.
fuscus (Hoplisus), 656. 657.

(Tachysphex), 687.
fusiformis, 417.
futilis, 433- .

futilis euroterus, 426.
fylesi, 126, 133, 134-

galenus, 351. 356.
Galesus, 562, 564.
Gall, acorn plum, 400.
blackberry knot, 435-
blackberry seed, 435-
cinquefoil axil, 436.
empty oak, 407-
globular rose, 373-
horned knot oak, 4i3-
huckleberry, 434-
knotty rose, 44i-
leafy bower, 420.
lettuce tumor, 375-
long rose, 441.
mealy rose, 44i-
mossy rose, 441.
noxious oak, 391-
oak bullet, 401.
oak button, 390.
oak capsule, 425-
oak fig, 384.
oak flake, 390.
oak knot, 431-
oak midrib, 422.
oak pea, 376.
oak petiole, 411.
oak potato, 384.
oak seed, 430.
oak spindle, 407-
oak tufled, 767-
oak wart, 433.
pine eone oak, 403.
pointed bullet, 402.
polished oak, 399-
raspberry root, 437-
rose lentil, 442.
rose root, A4^-
scrub oak, 405-
scrub oak club, 420.
spiny oak, 382.
spiny rose, 440.
succulent oak, 419-
white oak club, 4^4.
Gall-fly. oak wool, 380^
Gall Parasite, oak bullet, 47»-
Garden ant, 578.
Gasteruption, 239.

804 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Gasteruptioninae, 239.
gastroidese. 206. 208.
Gausocentrus, 250, 290.
gelechiae (Apanteles), 190, 109.
(Copidosoma), 498-
(Habrobracon), 209.
(Microgaster), 201, 202.
(Pteromalus), 473.
Gelis, 243, 258, 327,
geminatus, 280.
generosa, 743. 745. 746.
gentilis, 327, 328.
genuina, 271.
geometrae, 545, 546, 548.
germana. 628, 629.
germanica, 643.
germanus, 344, 3S6.
gibbosa (Chalcura), 526.

(Dasymutilla), 624.
gillettei, 380.
gillettii, 57.
glandulus, 770.
glauca, 272.
glaucopterus, 281.
globuloides, 771.
globulus, 401.
globulus, 373- .

glomeratus, 188, 190.
Glypta, 256. 316.
Glypta, 317.

g. maculati, 710. 7io, 7^7-
Gnathias. 726.
gnava, 579-
Gonatocerus, 446, 449-
Gonatopus, 613, 614.
Goniozus, 608, 612.
goniphora, 98. lOl.
Gonochrysis, 605.
Gorytes, 655.
Gorytini, 654, 655.

gracilis (Amauronematus), 122, 124.
(Anaphes). 447-
(Hoplisus), 656, 657.
(Nomada), 726, 727.
(Pontania). I39. UO-
(Rhodites), 771.
firacilis, 328.
gracillimus, 327, 328.
graenicheri (Agrothereutes), 331.
333.
(Cephus), 174.
grallatrix, 309.

graminells, 321. .

graminicola americana var. brevi-

spinosa, 584.
granariaphis, 261.
grande, 523-
grande form grande, 523.

grande form minutum, 523.
grandis (Amblyteles), 347, 354. 358.

(Chelogynus), 615.

(Tenthredo), 84, 91.
grapholithae, 320, 322.
graptae, 545. 546.
greenei, 325.

gregarius (.Pachynematus), no, 119.
120.

(Trichiocampus), no.
grossularia, 113.
grossularitlorae, 263.

Grotea, 257, 309-
Gymnonychus, 113.
Gymnoscelus, 220.
gyrini. 290.

Habrobracon, 182, 209.
Habrobracon, 764.
Habrobraconidea, 764.
Habrocryptus, 333-
Habrocytus. 469, 478.
Habrocytus, 476, 477.
Habropelte, 558.
Hadrodactylus, 250, 289.
Hadronotus, 543. 544. 555-
haematobise (Phaenopna), 568.

(Spalangia), 485.
haematodes, 230, 231.
hageni (Isosoma), 523-

(Pseudometopius), 308.

halcyon, 105.

Halictidae, 698. 699.

Halictoides, 720.

Halictus, 700.

harmonia, 622.

harmoniiformis, 622.

harpax, 685, 686.

Harpiphorus, 55.

harpyoidea, 240.

Harrimaniella, 3i5- , ^ o -..«

harringtoni (Conostigmus), 558. 559-

(Pteronidea), 126, 133. I34-
harrisi (Callimome). 516.
(Chlorion), 679.

hartfordensis, 717-

hebe, 341, 342.

hebrus, 341. 342.

Hecabolus, 219, 237.

Hedychridium. 602, 603.

Hedychrum, 602, 603.

heeri depilis, 591-

Helcon, 217, 220.

Helcon, 220.

Hekonidea, 217, 220.

helianthi, 713. 7i6, 718.

heliothidis, 545, 546, 547-

Heloridae, 53i. 576.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

805

Helorus, 576.

helvipes, 345, 350. 357.

helvolus, 342.

helvus, 342.

Hemadas, 486, 487.

Hemichroa, 105, 106.

Hemichroa, 105, 106.

hemileucae, 188, 195.

Hemilexis, 562, 563.

Heminomada, 727.

Hemitaxonus, 45, 46.

Hemiteles, 257, 337.

henshawi, 615.

heraclei, 708, 709.

herculeanus ligniperda var. nove-

boracensis, 600, 601.
herculeanus pennsylvanicus, 600.
herculeanus p^nsylvanicus var.

ferrugineus, 600. 601.
Heriades, 742, 751.
herrickii, 540.
hesperidivorus, 187, 194.
heterogaster, 235.
Heterogamus, 795.
Heteropelma, 248, 285.
Heterospilus. 219, 238.
Hetroxys, 469.
hexagona, 625.
hiemalis, 536, 537.
hilaris (Andrena), 713, 718.

(Chrysis), 604,
Hippocephalus, 462.
hippotes, 713, 714. 719.
hirta, 383.

hirticincta, 710, 711, 715, 718.
hirtifrons (Agrothereutes), 330, 333,

(Anectata), f,7Z.
hobomok, 206, 208.
Holcaspis, 371, 401.
Holcopelte, 458.
Holepyris, 608, 609, 61 1.
Holmgrenia, 252, 293.
Holocremnus, 247, 264.
Holonomada, 727.
Homalotylus, 491, 500.
Homaspis, 250, 291.
Homoeoneura, 82.
Honiopterus, 480.
Homotropus, 304.
honestus, 289.
Honey bee. 754, 760.
Hoplisini, 654, 656.
Hoplismenus, 258, 343.
Hoplisus, 656.
Hoplocampa, 105.
Hoplocampa, 153.
Hoplocampinae, 42, 105.
Hoplocryptus, 333.

Hoplogryon. 542, 553.
Hoploteleia, 543, 544, 555.
hordei, 523.
Horismenus, 456, 458.
Hormius, 219, 236.
Hornet, giant, 641.

white-faced, 642.

yellow-jacket. 641, 642.
horni, 532.
hospes, 140.
hospitus, 346, 353, 358.
housatannuckorum, 189, 198.
howardi, 446.
hudsonii, 128, 134.
humeralis (Hylotoma), 162, 163.

(Xylonomus), 310.
humilis, 632.
humulaphidis, 259.
hyalina (Pontania), 137, 140.

(Pteronidea), 131, 136.

(Tenthredo), 89, 92.
hj-alinipennis, 556.
hyalinus (Erigorgus), 282, 284.

(Neotomostethus), 144.

(Perilampus), 524.
hygrotrecha, 305.
Hylaeidae, 699, 7i7-
Hylseus, jyj.
Hylotoma, 160, 161.
Hylotominae, 43, 160.
Hymenoepimeces, 256, 323.
Hypargyricus, 143, 144-
Hyperacmus, 254, 305.
Hyperteles, 451.
hyphantriae (Apanteles), 187, 193.

(Meteorus), 223, 224.

(Microplitis), 203, 204.
Hypocrabro, 665, 668.
Hypolabis, 183.
Hypomicrogaster, 202.
Hypopteromalus, 474.
Hyposoter, 247, 267.
Hypothereutes, 247, 248, 264.
Hyptia, 239, 240.
hyslopi, 3i2, 2i3.

Ibalia, 442.
Ibaliidse. 362,, AA2.
Ichneumon, 256, 323.
Ichneumon, 344.
ichneumoneum, 647, 680.
Ichneumonid.-e, 180, 243, 766.
Ichneumonoidea, 23, 176, 764.
Ichneutes, 217, 221.
Ichneutidea, 217, 221.
ichthyurse, 545, 547-
icterus, 71, 75-
Idechthis, 269, 270.

8o6

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

Idemum, 340.

identidem, US'

idiota, 114, 115.

Idris, 543, 555-

ignota (Dryophanta), 398.

(Empria), 53. 55-
ignotus, 441.
ilicifoliie, 405.
illinoiensis (Neopasites), 730.

(Nomada), 724, 726, 727.
illinoiensis, 739.
imbricata, 724, 727.
imitator, 697.
imitatoria, 695, 697.
imitatus, 228, 229.
imparls, 591.

imparis var. minuta, 591.
impatiens, (Bremus), 753, 75^, 758.

(Eucoila), 366.
impressatus, 67.
irapressifrons, 671.
inaequalis, 739, 740-
inanis, 407.
inceptus, 289, 290.
incerta (Macrophya), 96, lOO.

(Nomada), 724, 726.
incertus (Andricus), 414.

(Pteromalus), 477-
incisa, 214, 215.
incompletus, 258.
inconspicua, 37.
indagator (Meteorus), 222, 223.

(Scambus), 319.
inferentia, 59.
infidelis, 351, 357-
inflata, 102.

infragilis, 743, 744, 745-
infrequens, 145, 146.
infumatus, 119, 120.
infuscata, 32.
infuscatus (Craterocercus), 106.

(Hypargyricus), 144.
inhabilis, 148.
inimica, 745.
innominatus, 47.
innumerabilis, 295.
innumerabilis var. feria, 295.
inornata, 619.
inornatus (Emphytus), 56, 57.

(Pemphredon), 690.
Inostemma, 531, 532.
inquisitor, 504.
inquisitor, 321.
inquisitoriellus, 320, 321.
inquisitoriellus var. investigator,

319, 321.
insita, 313, 3IS-
insolens, 347, 354, 360.

inspectus, 72, 75.

inspiratus, 72, 75.

instabilis, 347, 348, 353, 358.

insularis, 572.

integer, 173.

integer, 136, 173.

integra (Andrena), 712, 717.

(Pteronidea), 131, 136.
inter jectus, 592, 594.
intermedia, 98, 99, loi.
intermedium (Copidosoma), 499.

(Trichogramma), 450.
intermedius, 236.
interrupta, 617, 618.
interruptus (Aj-achnophroctonus),
632.

(Solenius), 665.
Iphiaulax, 182, 209.
ipomcEse, 733.
iridescens, 602.
iridipennis, 628.
Iridomyrmex, 589.
iroquois, 331, 333-
irregularis, 392.
irritator, 324.
Iseropus, 321, 766.
Isocybus, 532, 541.
Isodontia, 679.
Isodyctium, 143, 145.
isomera, no.
Isosoma, 518, 522.
isosomatis, 478.
Isostasius, 531, 532.
Itamoplex. 332.
Itoplectis, 321.
Itycorsia, 33.

Janus, 172.
jocosa, 85, 91.
Joppidium, 258, 330.
jucundus, 346, 358.
junceus, 33°.
junghannsii, 89, 92.
junonise, 186, 192.

Kaliofenusa, 156, I57.
Kaliosysphinga, 157.
kearfotti, 226.
kiehtani, 265.
Kleidotoma, 366.
Knot-weed Aphidius, 261.
kohlii, 658, 659.
konkapoti, 205, 207.
konkaputus, 232, 233.
Konowia, 168, 169.
krigiana, 777-

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

807

Labena, 257, 309.

Labidia, 80, 92.

laboriosus, 759, 760.

laboriosus var. contiguus, 759, 760.

lacteicolor, 191, 200.

lactucaphis, 222.

Lselius, 608, 610.

laetatorius, 303.

laetus, 348, 352, 359.

Iseviceps, 188, 196.

laevigata, 240.

Isevis, 307.

Iseviventris, 379.

Iceviventris, 377.

Lagium, 80, 81.

Lampronota, 313.

lana, 380.

lanificus, 188, 196.

lanulae, 522.

laricis, 105.

Larrinae, 653, 683.

Larrini,_683, 684.

Larropsis, 684.

Lasioglossum, 705.

Lasius, 578, 590, 591-

lata (Caliroa), 79, 80.

(Pteronidea), 125, 133.
lateralis (Coelioxys), 747, 748.

(Dineura), 107.

(Erigorgus), 282, 284.

(Nysson), 655.

(Stelis), 741.
Lathromeris, 449, 451.
laticeps, 717.
laticinctus, 339, 34i-
laticulus, 121.
latifasciata, 125, 134.
latimana, 743, 744. 745-
latipes (Crabro), 670, 671.

(Lasius), 592, 594-
latitarsis, 750.
latitarsus, 121.
latus, 133.
lazulella, SH-
lecanii,_ 488, 489-
lecontei, 44.
lectus, 235, 236.
Leimacis, 446, 448.
lenticularis, 442.
lentus, 671.
lepeletieri, 624.
Leptacis, 53i-
Leptogenys, 580.
Leptomastix, 492, 503-
Leptorhaptus, 569- 57o.
Leptothorax, 583, 587, S88.
lerouxi, 701, 703. 704- .
leucanicB, 360.

leucomelas, 62,7, 639.

Leucopelmonus, 80, 83.

leucophthalmus, 483.

Leucbsmia, 750.

Leucospidae, 444, 528.

Leucospis, 528.

leucostomus, 158.

leviculus, 353, 356.

lewisi, 347, 359.

liberator, 230, 231.

ligator, 220.

ligatus, 701, 703, 704.

lignaria, 748, 749, 750.

lignicola, 379.

limacina, 79.

Limacis, 448.

limatus (Agrothereutes), 332, 333.

(Polycinetis), 291.
limbata, 125, 133.
limenitidis, 186, 187, 192.
limitaris, 229.
Limneria, 262, 263, 264, a66, 269,

271.
limnerise, 511.
Lindenius, 662, 664.
lineata (Asobara), 213.

(Macrophya), 95, 100.

(Tenthredo), 88, 92.
lineata, 717.
lineatus, 123, 124.
linellii, 574-
lineolata, 585.
lineolata var. cerasi, 585.
linita, 107.
Linoceras, 330.
Liometopum, 589.
Lissonota, 256, 313.
lithocolletidis (Apanteles), 190, 198

(Eubadizon), 221.
lithocolletidis, 461.
Litomastix, 491. 493, 503-
Litus, 446.
lobata (Caliroa), 78, 79-

(Tenthredo), 88, 92.
lobata lobata, 763.
lobata maculosa, 762.
lobatus, 153. 154.
lohicornis, 587.
Lobopelta, 580.

Locust leaf-miner parasite, 190.
Loderus, 68, 76.
lombardre, 133, 136.
Long rose gall, 44i-
longiceps, 574. 575-
longicornis (Dryonhanta), 397-

(Eucoilidea), 366.

(Hadrodactylus), 289, 290.

(Pteronidea), 132, 136.

8o8

CONNECTICUT GEOL. .AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

(Zelotypa), 572-
longicornus, iii.
longipennis, 502.
longipes, 626, 627.
longispinosus, 588.
longulus (Amblyteles), 355, 359-

(Strongylogaster), 67, 68.
lonicerae, 338, 340.
Lophocrabro, 663, 665, 667.
Lophopompilus, 632, 634.
lophyri, 331, 332.
Lophyrus, 43, 44, 108, 761.
lorata, 78, 79.
lovei, 242.

Loxaulus, 371. Z73, 395-
Loxotropa, 561, 562, 563, 565.
lucens, 334, 2Z(>-
lucidus, 599.
lucrosa, 746, 747.
luctatus, 71, 75.
luctuosa. 681.
luctuosus (Psammochares), 633.

(Xylophruridea), 767.
luggeri, 556, 557.
lunata, 78, 79.

lunator, 325.

lunatus (Apanteles), 186, 192.

(Triepeolus), 729.
luteicornis, 40, 41.

luteipes (Dineura), 107.
(Mesochorus), 279, 280.

luteola (Encarsia), 489.
(Nom-ida), 725, 727.
(Pristiphora), 114, US-

luteomaculata, 35.

luteopectus, 283, 284.

luteotergum, 123, 124.

lutescens, no.

lycsenje, 337, 340.

Lycogaster, 243.

lycti, 237, 238.

Lyda. 35. 36, 39-

Lygaeonematus, 112, 115.

Lygocerus, 557, 558.

lymensis. 327, 328.

Lyroda, 683.

Lyrodini, 683.

Lysiognathidse, 180.

Lysiphlebus, 261.

Lytopylus, 229.

macer (Campoplex), 264, 265.

(Gelis), 328.

(Ichneumon), 324.
mac^illivrayi. 716.
macilenta, 716.
macleayi, 161, 163.
macra, 624.

Macremphytus, 46, 59.
macrocarpse, 382.
Macrocentrus, 217, 219.
macrocephalum, 679.
Macrocephus, 172, 174.
Macromischa, 583.
Macrophya, 81, 92.
Macrophya, 91.
Macropidse, 698, 720.
Macropis, 720.
Macrorileya, 517, 519.
Macroteleia, 543. 544. 554-
Macroxyela, 30, 31.
macrurus, 287, 288.
maculata (Acordulecera), 167.
(Empria), 53, 55-
(Euura), 141, 142.
(Nomada), 723, 726.
(Vespula), 642.
(Xiphydria), 168, 169.
maculatus, 483.
maculatus, 667.
maculicollis, 327, 328.
maculipenne, 366.
maculipennis (Ibalia), 442.

(Meromyzobia), 493.
maculiventris, 34, 35-
magdali, 222.
magna, 130, 136.
magnificus, 511.
magniHcus, 515.
magnus, 134-
mahackemoi, 212.
maius. 348, 359.
majaHs, 385.
major (Megaxyela), 31.
(Osmia). 749. 75o.
malacus, 34S. 355-
mali, 489, 490.
mamestras, 203.
mammula. 395-
mandibulare, 609, 610.
mandibularis (Sphecodes), 708, 709-
(Tachytes), 685,686.
(Xenotoma), 572.
maquinnai (Apanteles), 190. 199.

(Campoplex), 263.
marginata, 365.
marginatus (Notozus), 603.
(Pompiloides), 631. 632.
(Scambus), 319, 322.
marginatus, 600.
marginicollis, 147.
marginiventris, 33.
marine (Andrena), 713. 7M. 7^9-
(Aph?enogaster), 585. 586.
(Dolichoderus), 589-
(Spilochalcis), 527-

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

809

mariae var. concolor, 713, 714, 719.

marina, 167.

Marlattia, 105.

marlattii (Bseocharis), 494.

(Caloteleia), 554.

(Pteronidea), i^, 134.
martini (Monostegia), 47.

(Neopareophora), 144.
marylandica, 552.
marylandicus, 560, 561.
tnarylandicus, 120,
massasoit, 205, 207.
mathematica, 36.
maturus, 202, 203.
maura, 166, 167.
maxima, 166, 167.
May apple, 404.
media (Acordulecera), 165, 167.

(Periclista), 147.
medialis, 299.
megacephalus, 483.
Megachile, 741, 742, 745.
Megachilidse, 699, 741.
megachilis, 465.
Megarhyssa, 255, 324.
Megaspilus, 557, 558.
Megaspilus, 558.
Megastigma, 520.
Megastigmus, 512, 513.
Megaxyela, 29, 31.
Megischus, 216.
Megorismus, 772.
Megorismus, 487.
Melanichneumon, 357, 359.
Melanobates, 158.
Melanobracon. See Atanycolus.
melanocephala, 323.
melanocerus, 335. 2,2>^.
melanognathus. 652.
melanophea, 743, 744. 745-
melanopleura, 99, loi.
melanopus, 190, 198.
melianae, 203, 204.
Melissodes, 730, 732.
Melitoma, 734.
Melittobia, 465.
melleus (Alyson), 654.

(Mesochorus), 279, 280.
mellifera, 760.
mellifica, 760.
mellina (Acordulecera), 166, 167.

(Tenthredo), 84, QL
Mellininse, 653, 677.
Mellinus, 677.
mellipes (Emphytus), 56, 57-

(Euphoriis), 224, 225.

(Mesoleius). 292, 293.

(Miota), 571-

(Odontomerus), 311.

(Opisthacantha), 555.

(Pseudagenia), 627, 628.
melliventris, 574, 575.
mellosa, 62, 64. y
mendax, 3S0. ^
mendica (Megachile), 743, 745,

(Pteronidea). 131, 133, 136.
Meniscus, 256, 312.
Meraporus, 469, 478.
mercatus, 730.
Merisus, 470, 478.
meromyzae, 212.- '

Meromyzobia, 491, 492, 493.
merus, 351, 357.
mesocentrus, 324.
Mesochorus, 245, 277,
Mesochorus, 767.
Mesoleius, 252, 292.
Mesoleptidea, 250, 290.
Mesoleptus, 276, 290, 330. 339.
Mesoneura, 107.
Mesostenidea, 257, 329, 330.
Mesostenus, 329.
Messa, 156, 157.
Messa, 140.
Metacoelus, 254, 307.
metacomet (Campoplex), 264.

(Hemiteles), 338, 340.

(Microbracon), 206, 208.

(Polystenidea), 238.
metallica, 753.
metallicum. 284.
Metallus, 158, 159.
Metapelma, 507, 508.
meteori, 337, 340.
Meteorus, 217, 222.
Methoca, 620.
Methocidse, 607, 620.
Metopius, 254, 309.
Metopon, 470.
■ metricus, 644.
miantonomoi, 190, 198.
micans, 482.
Microbembex, 692, 693.
Microbracon, 182, 204.
Microdus, 226.
Microgaster, i8r. 201. 202.
microgaster, 526.
Micromelus. 470, 479.
Micromeson, 328.
Microplitis, i8t, 202.
microptera, 328.
Microstelis, 741.
Microtoridea, 340.
micrurus, 240.
militaris (Apanteles) 189. 197-

(Pteronidea), 129. I35-

I

8io

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST, SURVEY.

[Bull

milvus, 353, 358.
milwaukeensis, 712, 715, 718.
Mimesa, 658, 659.
mimicus, 353. 357-
miniata, 162, 163.
minima, 165, 167.
minimum, "584.
minimus (Crabro), 671.

(Diastrophus), 438.

(Gelis), 327. 328.

(Hecabolus), 237.

(Progoniozus), 612.
minor (Sphecodes), 708, 709.

(Xyela), 30.
minusculus, 71, 75'
minuta (Acordulecera), 167.

(Euura), 142.

(Macrophya), 97, lOO.
minutissima, 568.
minutissimum, 450.
minutissimus, 553.
minutum, 450.
minutus (Amblyaspis), 532.

(Astichus), 457-

(Monophadnus), I49. ^$0-

(Neuroterus), 395.

Miota, 569. 571.
Miotropis, 464, 465.
mirabilis (Anastatus), 508.

(Meniscus), 313.
Mirax, 181, 184.
Miscophini, 688, 691.
Miscogastridae, 772.
miserabilis flavoclypeata, 712, 715,

716.
mixta (Acordulecera), 166, 167.

(Macrophya), 95, 100.
modestus (Hylaeus). 738, 739-

(Tetrastichus), 453-
Moellerius, 582.
moesta, 746, 747.
mogerus, 147.
Mohawkorum, 234.
molesta, 584.
Monilosmia, 750.
Monobia, 634, 635.
Monoblastus, 253, 297.
monochroma. 131, 136.
Monoctenin?e, 42, 108.
Monoctenus, 108.
monodonta, 693.
Monodontomerus, 512, 514.
Monodontomerus, 516.
Monogonogastra, 209.
Monomorium, 578, 583, 584.
Monophadnoides, 143. 151.
Monophadnus, 143, 148.
Monophadnus, 146, 147, 148, I53, ISO-

monosericeus, 70, 75.
Monosoma, 45, 59.
Monostegia. 45, 47,
Monostegia, 55, 77, 80.
montana, 90, 92.
montanus, 666.
montanus var. incertus, 240.
monticola (Crabro), 670, 671.

(Psen), 658.
montinus. 505.
montivagus, 117, 120.
montowesei, 205, 206, 208.
morio, 286, 287.
morio, 287.
morsei 720, 721.
morulus, 343.
multicinctus, 68.
multicolor, 57.
multilineatum, 462.
multiplicata, 714, 719.
multiplicatiformis, 714, 719.
munda, 166, 167.
mundum, 287.
mundus. 331, 332-
munificus, 352, 357.
murgantise, 549, 550.
muricatus, 153, 154.
murtfeldtse, 186, 193-
murtfeldtise, 146.
muscJE, 214.
musculus, 532.
mutans, 90, 92.
Mutilla, 621.
Mutillidse, 607, 621.
myersianus, 658, 659.
Myersiidse, 180, 238.
Mymaridae, 444, 446.
Myrmecina, 582, 584.
Myrmecocystus, 590, 591-
myrmecophilum, 609, 610.
Myrmica, 579- 583, 587-
Myrmicin38, 580, 581,
Myrmosa, 621.
Myrmosidse, 607, 621.
• mystaceus, 655.
mysticorum, 232, 233.
mytilaspidis, 489, 490,
Myzine, 617.

Nadia, 314.

nana, 565.

nanus, 349. 359-

nasoni, 711, 714, 7'^7-

nasuta, 276.

navus, 346, 350, 360.

nawaasorum, 205, 207.

Neaulacus. 241.

nebulosus (Diastrophus), 362, 435-

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

8ii

(Hoplisus), 656, 657.
neglectum, 676.
nelumbonis (Halictus), 701, 703, 706.

(Hylseus). yz?, 738, 739.
nematicidus, 472.
Nematinae, 42, iii.
Nematus, iii, 112, 120.
Nematus, 113, 115, 120, 124, 133,

134, 135, 136, 140, 141-
nemoriae, 186, 191.
neoaprilis, 70, 75.
Neocharactus, 143.
neocollaris, 71, 75.
Neofoxia, 658.
neogagates, 596, 599.
Neonortonia, 269, 271.
Neopareophora, 142, 144.
Neopasites, 722, 730.
Neoponera, 581.
Neopus, 80. 82.
neorufibarbis, 579.
Neoscleroderma, 608, 609, 610.
neosericeus, 69, 75.
neoslossoni, 84, 91.
Neotomostethus, 142, 144.
Nepiera, 247, 266.
nepticula, 595, 597.
Neuroterus, 369, 372, 384.
Neurotoma, 33, 37.
nidonea, 93, 99.
nidulans, 773.
niger (B^us), 551.

(Cirrospilus), 466.

(Diastrophus), 439-

(Lygocerus), 558.

(Philonix), 381.

(Pristaulacus), 241.

(Psen), 658, 659.
niger van americanus, 592.
niger var. neoniger, 592, 593,
nigra (Biorhiza), 383.

(Euura), 141, 142.

(Macrophya), 97, 100.

(Neopareophora), 144.
nigrse, 420.

nigratoricolor, 344, 355-
nigrelUis (Dryinus), 614, 615.

(Gelis), 327, 328.
nigrescens, 658, 659.
nigricaniformis, 338, 340.
nigricollis (Philonix), 381.

(Tenthredo), 84, 9i-
nigricornis (Crabro), 671.

(Idris), 555-
nigricornus, 170, I7I-
nigricoxus, 305.
nigrifemora. 461.
nigrifrons (Gorytes), 655.

(Solenius) 665.
nigripes (Aphidius), 260, 261.

(Elasmus), 463.

(Sympiesis), 462.
nigriscapus, 545, 546.
nigrisomus, 47.
nigrita (Arenetra), 315, 316.

(Pontania), 139, 140.
nigritus (Aphanisus), 154.

(Nematus), iii.
nigrocyaneum, 481.
nigrovarium, 286, 287.
nigrum, 556.
ninigretorum, 191, 20a
nipmuckorum, 191, 200.
nitida, 325.
nitida, 741.
nitidula, 604. 605.
nivalis. 711, 715, 716.
nodus, 142.
noise, 263.
Nomada, 722, 727.
Nomada, 727.
Nomadidje, 699, 722.
Nomiaephagus, 622, 623.
nortoni (Amblyteles), 349, 360.

(Chrysis), 604, 605.

(Megarhyssa), 325.

(Phrontosoma), 48.

(Phygadeuon), 335, 336.

(Spilochalcis), 527.

(Tomostethus), 148.
Nortonia, 634, 635.
nortonianus, 637, 640.
nortonii. 579.
nofabilis, Ii5-
notandus, 320.
notatum. 752, 753-
notha, 628, 629.
Nothosmia, 750.
Notocyphinse, 626, 627.
Notoglossa, 659- 660.
Notogoma. See Notogonidea.
Notogonidea, 684.
Notopygus, 250, 29I/
Nototrachys, 766.
Notozus, 602, 603.
nova, 90. 92.
novseangH.-e (Andrena), 7". 7^2,

717.

(Halictoides). 720.

(Opius). 182, 183.

(Perdita), 72T.
novebnracensi=:. 497-
Novomessor, 583.
noxiosus, 39T.
nubecula. 712, 7i5. 7^7-
nubilipennis (Amphibohps). 408.

8l2

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY,

[Bull.

(Hemadas), 487.

(Monophadnus), 149, 150.
nuncius, 332, 333.
nupera, 628, 629.
Nylanderia, 590, 591.
nymphaearum, 702, 703, 706.
Nysson, 655.
Nyssoninae, 652, 653.
Nyssonini, 654, 655.

Oak apple, 404.
small, 431.
Oak bullet parasite, 478.

wool gall, 380.
Oat AUotria, 367.
Xystus, 367.
obliqua, 731, 732, 733.
obliquus. 279, 280.
obliterata, 72.S, 12^.
obliteratus, 266.
oblongus, 662.
obscura, 713, 719.
obscuratus, 150.
obscurellus, 292.
obscuricornis, 186, 192.
obscurus (Campoplex), 265
(Halictus), 702, 704, 707.
(Solenius), 665.
obsidianator, 343.
obsoleta (Caliroa), 78, 79.

(Macroxyela), 32.
obsoletum, 603.
obsoletus (Disognus), 573.

(Serphus), 574, 575-
obtusilobae, 415.
ocellatus (Anacrabro), 661.

(Pamphilius), 39.
occidentalis (Dasymutilla), 623, 624.
(Formica), 579.
(Rhabdepyris), 612.
occidentalis, 314.
occom, 212.
ochrocera, 34, 35.
ocreatus (Pachvnematus), 116, 120.

(Pamphilius), 37, 39-
octodentata. 746, 747.
Octoletes. 674.
octomaculata, 721.
Odontaulacus, 239. 241,
Odontomachus, 580.
Odontomerus, 256, 311.
Odontophyes, 29, 30.
odontotcE, 450.
odorata. 130, 133, 136.
odoratus, 154.
Odynerus, 634. 635.
oecanthi (Barvconns), 554.
(Cacellus), 555.

(Macrorileya), 519.
cedemisise, 266, 267
oedemisiformis, 265.
olamonus, 274.
Oleisoprister, 241.
Oligosthenus. 512, 514.
Olochrysis, 604.
Omalus, 602, 689.
omega, 8r.
omnivorus, 475.
Omphale. 456.
onerati, 478.
oneratus, 379.
Onychia, 364, 365.
openangorum, 265.
operatola, 418.
operator, 418, 429.
Opheltes, 248, 281.
Ophion, 249, 287, 288.
Opisthacantha, 543. 544. 555-
Opius, 181, 182.
Opius, 207.
oppositus, 654.
orbiformis, 339, 340.
orbitaliformis, 3^";, 336.
orbitalis (Dtplazon), 304.
(Euura), 141, 142.
(Exenterus), 301, 302.
(Phygadeuon), 335, 336.

Orgilus, 218, 226.
orgyise (Apanteles), 185, 191.
(Casinaria), 269.
(Cratotechus\ 460.
(Syntomosphyrum), 452.
(Telenomus), 545, 547-

originalis, 92.

ormenidis, 614, 615.

ormenus, 349, 355-

Ormyrus, 512.

ornata, 93, 99-

ornativentrus, 625.

ornigis, 189, 198.

orpheus, 345, 355-

Orthizema, ? 339-

Orthocentrus, 254, 305.

Orthopelma, 245, 275.

Oryssidas, 29, 175.

Oryssus, 175.

Osmia, 742, 748, 750-

osmise. 484.

Osprynoclwtus, 330.

ostensackeni, 412.

ostryas, 129, 136.

OtacuPtes, 340.

otiosus. 346, 355.

Otlophorus, 251, 295.

Otoblastus, 250, 296.

ottawaensis, 327, 328.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

813

ottawensis, 558, 559.

ouelleti, 242.

ovata, 528.

ovatus, 305.

ovivorus (Phanurus), 544.

(Scelio), 556.
ovum, 141, 142.
oxalata, 66.

oxyacanthoidis, 187, 193.
Oxybelinse, 652, 659.
Oxybelus, 659.
Oxylabis, 569, 571.
Oxystoglossa, 705.
Oxytorus, 250, 289.

Pachycondyla, 581.
Pachynematus, in, 115.
Pachyneuron, 468, 481.
Pachyprotasis, 80, 81.
Pachyprotasis, 82.
pachypsyllse, 516.
pacifica, 604.
paenerugosa. 714, 719.
pallescens (Banchus), 216.

(Phygadeuon), 334, 335, 337.
pallicola, 89, 92.
pallicornis, 139, 140.
pallide-fulva nitidiventris, 595, 598.
pallide-fulva nitidiventris var. fus-

cata, 595, 598.
pallide-fulva schaufussi, 595, 598.
pallide-fulva schaufussi var. incerta,

595, 598.
pallidicornis, 62, 64.
pallidipes (Aphanogmus), 560, 561.

(Paramesius), 563, 564.
oallidiventris, 560.
pallidus (Neuroterus), 386.

(Serphus), 574.
pallimacula. 40, 41.
pallipes (Campoplex), 266, 267.

(Dryophanta), 398.

(Exochus), 306.

(Isocybus), 541.

(Pammegischia), 242.

(Polistes), 644.

(Polymecus). 535.

CPsilophrys), 503.

(Strongylogastroidea), 63, 64.
pallipes var. pleuralis, 306.
pallipes var. wheeleri, 581.
palliventris, 118, 120.
palustris. 419
Pammegischia, 239, 242.
Pamphiliidse, 28, 32.
Pamphilius, 33. 37-
Pamphilius, 36.
paniscoides. 299.

Paniscus, 248, 280.
pannosa, 95, 100.
Pantoclis, 569, 570, 572.
Panurgidae, 698, 721.
Panurginus, 721.
papillatus, 433, 434,
papula, 400.
Paracanidia, 248, 273.
Paracharactus, 143, 150.
paradoxus, 576.
Paragryon. 542, 553.
Paralselius, 60S, 610.
Paralictus, 707.
Paramellinus, 655, 656.
Paramesius, 561, 562, 563.
parasericeus, 69, 75.
Parasierola, 608, 612.
Parasite, locust leaf-miner, 196.

oak bullet gall, 478.
parasiticus, 235, 236.
Parataxonus, 45, 57.
Paratiphia. 61S.
paratus, 353, 358.
Paraxyela, 30, 31.
Pareophora, 142, 143.
Parnopes, 602, 605.
parorgyiae, 187, 192.
parva, 107.
parviformis, 265.
parvipennis, 554.
parvula (Chrysis), 604, 605.

(Dryophanta), 396.

(Prenolepis), 591.
parvulus, 563.
parvus (Amblyteles), 352, 358.

(Erythraspides), 155. 156.

(Panurginus), 721, 722.
Passaioecus, 688, 689.
patellata, 720.
patiens, 416.
patsuiketorum, 262.
pattoni. 423.
pauper (Psen), 659.

(Solenius), 666.
Paxylommidse, 179.
Pear slug. 79.
pectinicornis, no.
pectoralis (Halictus). 701, 703, 706.

(Hvlotoma), 162, 163.

(Pontania), 138, 140.
pecnliaris, 498.
pedalis (Ceraphron), 560.

(Helcon). 220.

(Polyblastus), 297.

(Scambus), 319, 320.
pedata, 366.
pedatus, 610, 611.
pcdestris, 637, 640.

8i4

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

pedicellatum, 664.

Pedinaspis, 630.

Pediobius, 455, 458.

pedunculata, 400.

Pelecinidae, 530, 576.

Pelecinus. 576.

Pelopceus. See Sceliphron.

Pemphredon, 688, 690.

Pemphredoninse, 653, 688.

Pemphredonini, 688.

pennsylvanica, 532.

pennsylvanica, 625.

pennsylvanicola, 713, 718.

pennsylvanicum, 680.

pennsylvanicus (Bremus), 755, 756,

757-
(Camponotus), 578.

(Hylsus), 738, 739-
(Odynerus), 637, 640.
pentagoetorum, 263.
pentaplasta, 566.
Pentapleura, 212, 213.
Pentarthron, 450.
Peponapis, 733.
Pepsinae, 626, 627.
Pepsini, 627, 628.
pepticus, 351, 356.

pequodorum (Apanteles), 190, iQo-
(Opius), 183.
(Praon), 259.
pequoitorum, 345, 3Si. 355-
Perdita, 721.
perditor, 411.
peregrinus, 330.
perforator. 227, 229.
pergandei, 121.
pergandiella, 489.
Periclista, 143, 146-
Periclistus, 369, 372, 373.
Perilampidas, 444. 524-
Perilampus, 524.
Perilitus, 218, 226.
Periope, 254, 308.
Peristenus, 225.
perminimus. 392.
perniciosi, 774.

perplexa (Anoplolyda), 40. 41.
(Melissodes), 731, 732.
(Nomada), 724, 727.
perplexa viburnella, 712, 716.
perplexus. 756, 758.
perpulchra, 604, 605.
persicus, 38, 39-
persimilis (Halictus), 701. 703, 70S

(Telenomus), 545, 546.
persuasoria, 326.
petiolariferu?, 223.
petiolatus, 532, 533.

petiolicola (Andricus), 412.

(Ceroptres). 375-
Pezomachus, 2>27, 328.
Phaenacra, 470, 479-
Phsenopria, 562, 567.
Phaeogenes. 258, 34i-
phaleratus, 656, 657.
Phanerotoma, 218, 233.
Phanerotoma. 233.
Phanurus, 542. 544.
pharaonis, 578, 584.
Phasgonophora, 443, 526, 527
Pheidole, 583, 584.
Philachyra, 523.
philadelphise, 635, 638.
philadelphicus, 633, 634.
Philanthinae, 653, 671.
Philanthus, 672, 673.
Phileremus, 730.
philipi, 314-
Philonix, 368, 380.
pholisorae. 185, 191.
Phor, 726.

phorodontis, 260, 261,
phoxopteridis, 316, 317.
Phrontosoma, 45, 47-
Phygadeuon, 257. 333-
Phylloecus, 173.
Phyllotominse, 41, 77-
Phymatocera, I43> ^SO.
Phymatocera, I44, I45, I5<>-
Phytodietus, 256, 311-
phytophagicus, 106.
picea, 509.
picipes, 535-
picticornis. 319. 322.
pieridicola, 278, 280.
pieridis, 196.
pieridivora, 196.
piger, 422.
pilifera, 584.
pilosifrons, 751-
pilosula, 727.
pilosulus, 266, 267.
pilosus (Galesus), 564, SoS-

(Halictus), 702, 704, 706.
Pimpla, 766.
Piinipla, 318, 321, 322.
pimplae, 337, 340.
Pimplidea, 320.
pinguidorsum, 132, 136.
pinguis, 64.
pinicola, 536, 537. 539-
pinus-rigida, 43, 44-
piperoides, 415.
pirata, 373-
Pison, 675.
pissodis, 210.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

815

pisum (Ceroptres), 376.

(Pontania), 139, 140.
placenta, 137, 140.
placida (Andrena), 711, 712, 715,
716.

(Nomada), 724, 725, 727.
plagiata, 40, 41.
plagiatus, 590.
Planiceps, 630.
planosse, 334, 336.
Plastanoxus, 608, 611.
plathypenae, 468.
Platycampus, 108, 109.
Platygaster, 532, 540.
platygaster, 524.
Platygastridse, 530, 531.
Platylabus, 258, 342.
platynotas, 612.
platyparia, 717.
Plectiscidea, 245, 275.
Plectiscus, 275.
Plenoculus, 691.
Plesignathus, 336.
plesius (Apanteles), 190, 199.

(Dolerus), 72, 7s.
pleuralis (Lissonota), 314, 315.

^Plectiscidea), 276.

(Symphobus), 289.
Pleuroneura, 29, 30.
Pleurotropis. 456, 457.
Pleurotropis, 459.
plicatus, 149, 150.
plumiger, 164^
plumipes, 617.
podagrae, 374.
podisi (Telenomus), 545, 548.

(Trissolcus), 550.
Podogaster, 269.

podunkorum (Apanteles), 185, 188,
191.

(Microbracon), 205, 207.
Pcccilostoma, 59.
Pogonomyrmex, 579, 583.
Polistes, 643.
Polistini, 641, 643.
polita, 399.
politum, 676.
politus (Galesus), 564.

(Philanthus), 673, 675.

(Strongylogaster), 68.
polHnctorius, 309.
Polyaenus, 329.
Polybates, 158.
Polybiinas, 640.
Polyblastus, 253, 297.
polychrosidis, 263.
Polycinetis, 250, 291.
Polycyrtus, 330.

Polyergus, 590, 599.
Polygnotus, 532, 535.
polygonaphis, 260, 261.
Polymecus, 531, 534,
Polynema, 446.
Polyselandria, 65, 66.
polysericeus, 70, 75.
Polysphincta, 256, 317.
Polystenidea, 219, 238.
Polytaxonus, 45 58.
Polytribax, 337.
polyturator, 576.
Pompilidcc, 625.
Pompiloides, 630, 631.
pomum, 140.
Ponera, 580, 581.
Ponerinae, 580.
Pontania, 112, 137.
pontiaci, 318.
popenoei (Horismenus), 458.

(Trichopria), 566.
populator, 183.
populi (Pontania), 138, 14X).

(Pteronidea), 128, 134.
Porizon, 245, 275.
Porizonidea, 245. 275.
porrecta, 269.
potentillae, 436.
Praon, 243, 259.
Prenolepis, 590, 591.
pretiosum, 450.
pretiosus, 223.
primus, 269.
prinoides, 382.
Priocnemis, 628.
Priononyx, 678, 679.
Priophorus, 108, 109.
prismaticus, 283. 284.
Pristaulacus, 239, 241.
Pristiphora, 112, 113.
Pristiphora, 113.
Pristocera, 608, 609. ,

Pristomerus, 245, 274.
privatus, 164.
Probolus, 360.
procera, 681, 682.
Proceratium, 580.
Proctotrypoidea. 529.
producticolHs, 665, 666.
productus (Andronicus), 751.

(Tetrastichus), 454.
Procdrus, 275.
Profenusa, 156.
Progoniozus, 608, 612.
prolongatus, 612.
Promachus, 766.
Promethes, 254, 302.
prompta, 329.

8i6

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

propinqua, 96, 100.
propinquus (Exochus), 306.

(SyncEcetes), 295.
propinquus, 740.
Prosacantha, 542, 551.
Prosopis, 737, 739.
Prospalta, 776.
Prospaltella, 776.
Protapanteles, 185, 191.
Protapanteles, 199.
proteoteratis, 466.
Protothyreopus, 665, 668.
Protoxyela, 30, 31.
Protrimorus, 542, 544.
Provancherella, 251, 295.
provancheri (Ascogaster), 231.

(Crabro), 670, 671.

(Halictus), 701, 703, 704.

^Onychia), 365.

(Sagaritis), 262.
provancheri, 717.

provancheri var. palHdicornis, 231.
proxima (Nomada), 725, 726.

(Strongylogastroidea), 64.
proximata, 95, 100.
proximatus, 113.
pruinosa, 733.
pruinosus (Andricus), 410.

(Halictus), 702, 704, 706.
prunus, 406.

Psammochares, 630, 632, 633.
Psammocharidas, 607, 625.
Psammocharinae, 626, 629.
Psammophila, 681.
Psen, 657, 658.
Pseninae, 652, 657.
Psenulus, 657, 658.
Pseudagenia, 627.
Pseudageniini, 627.
Pseudanthophilus, 672, 673.
Pseudapanteles, 189, 197.
pseudargioli, 283, 284.
Pseuderipternoides, 268, 269.
Pseuderipternus, 246, 268, 269.
Pseudisobrachium, 608, 609.
Pseudocasinaria, 268, 270.
Pseudocrabro, 668.
Pseudometagea, 525.
Pseudomethoca, 622.
Pseudometopius, 254, 308.
Pseudomyrma, 581.
Pseudoponera, 581.
Pseudoselandria, 65, 66.
Pseudosiobla, 45, 58.
Psilocera, 469, 470.
Psilodora, 366.
JF Psilomastix, 343.
Psilomma, 569, 573.
Psilophrys, 492, 493, 503.

Psithyrus, 754, 759-
Psychophagus, 470, 475.
pterelas, 320.

Pterocormus, 258, 344, 356, 359.
Pteromalidae, 445, 468, 772,.
Pteromalus, 469, 470, 471, 772,-
Pteronidea, 112, 124.
Pteronus, iii.
Pteronus, 133, 134, 135, 136.
Ptinobius, 508, 511.
pubescens, 117, 119, 120,
pugnata, 742, 744, 745.
pulchella (Lissonota), 313, 315.

(Macrophya), 94, 100.
pulchella, 717.
pulchella var. alba, 100.
pulchellus (Andricus), 416.

(Aphycus), 501.

(Trigonalys), 243.
pulcher (Amblyteles), 346, 350, 360.

(Andricus), 427.
pulcherrimus, 312, 313.
pullatus, 464.

pullatus var. hollensis, 243.
pulvinarise, 501.
pumila, 749, 750.
punctata (Macrophya), 95, 100.

(Tiphia), 619.
punctatus (Andricus), 431.

(Ceraphron), 560.

(Philanthus), 672.
punctiventris (Myrmica), 587.

(Prosacantha), 552.
punctulata, 313, 314.
punctulatus, 117, 120.
puparum, 471.

puparum var. vanessae, 472, 473.
purgatus, 288.
purpurea, 748, 750.
purpuridorsum, 146, 147.
purus, 701, 703, 705.
pusilla, 689.
pusillus, 728.
pustulatoides, 433.
putus, 347. 358.
Pycnomutilla, 622.
pygmaea (Nomada), 726, 727.

(Synaldis), 215.
pygmaeus (Cephus), 174.

(Erythraspides), 156.

(Hylaeus), 737, 738.
pyraustae (Apanteles), 188, 196.

(Macrocentrus), 220.
pyri, 225.
pyrifolii, 226, 229.

quadriceps (Phasogenes), 341, 342.

(Serphus), 574, 576.
quadridens, 635.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTER.\ OF CONNECTICUT.

817

quadridentata, 750.
quadrifasciata, 693.
Quadrigana, 251, 294.
quadrimaculata, 617.
quadrimaculatus, 701, 703, 706.
quadrinotatus, 659.
quadrizonatus, 352, 357.
quaintancei, 489.
quatuordecim-punctatus, 82.
quebecensis (Anoplolyda), 40, 41.

(Tachysphex), 687.
quercicola, 461.
querciglobuli, 522.
quercilanae, 519.
quercilan:e var. dorsalis, 519.
quercipisi, 522.
quercus, 130, 136.
quercus-alba, 78, 79.
quercus-arbos, 2,77, 434-
quercus-coccinea, 79, 80.
quercHS-iiciis, Z77-
quinnipiacorum (Microbracon), 205
207.

(Synaldis), 215.
quinquecincta, 617.
quinque-notatus, 631.
quintilis (Amblyteles), 354, 357.

(Microplitis), 203, 204.

(Phygadeuon), 334, nd.

racemarias, 453.

radiatus (Apanteles), 189, 197.

(Halictus), 701. 703, 705.
radicis, 426.
radicum (Diastrophus), 373, 437.

(Rhodites), 441.
radiolata, 269.
rapae (Aphidius), 260, 261.

(Pachyprotasis), 81.
Raphitelus, 470, 483.
Ratsehurgia, 509.
recurvariae, 191, 200.
redimacula, 84, 91.
reduvii, 510.
refugus, 71, 75.
rehni, 711, 719.
relativa (Lissonota), 314, 315.

(Tiphia), 619, 620.
relativus, 633.
relictus, 281, 284.
remigatus, 729. 739,
resutorivorus, 241,
reticulatus, 424.
retiniae, 377.
rex, 324.

Rhabdepyris, 608, 012.
Rhadinoceraea, 143, I44. 340.

52

rhagii, 260, 261.

Rhimphalea, 251, 296.

Rhinopsis, 651.

Rhodites, 368, 371, 440, 771.

Rhodites, 372-

rhoditiformis, 379.

Rogas, 250, 289.

Rogas, 235. /

Rhogogastcra, 80, 83.

rhopalocera, 295.

Rhopalum, 662, 664.

Rhopus, 491, 492, 493.

Rhorus. 252, 300.

Rhyssa, 255, 326.

Rhyssalus, 235.

ribesi, 128, 132, 134.

ribis, 260, 261.

Ridestus, 630.

ridibunda, 214,

Rileya, 517, 520.

Rxleya, 519.

rileyanus, 187, 193.

rileyi (Aleiodes), 236.

(Isodyctium), 145, 146.

(Telenomus), 545. 548.
robertsoni (Andrena), 712, 715,717.

(Cerceris), 695, 697.
robinias, 188. 196.
robinice, 136.
robinsoni, 626, 627.
robusta (Pontania), 137, 140.

(Pseudosiobla), 58.
robustus, 58, 234.
robustiis, 102.
rohweri, 159, t6o.
Roproniidae, 180.
Roptrocerus, 469.
rosae (Aphidius). 260, 261.

(Rhodites), 441.
rosce, 77.
rotunda, 58.
rubi (Metallus), 160.

(Monophadnoides), 151, 153.

(Pamphilius), 39.

(Polygnotus), 536, 538.
rubicola, 534.
rubicunda, 724, 727.
rubicunda, 214.
rubiginosa. 162, 163.
rubra, 163.
rubrica, 314.
rubricapensis, 317.
rubripes, 87, 91.
rubrocinctum, 675, 676.
rudis. 150.
rufescens, 67, 68.
ruficollis, 160, 161.
ruficolor. 86, 91.

8i8

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND

NAT. H

1ST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

ruficornis (Loxotropa), 565.

(Phygadeuon), 334, 336.
ruficoxa, 265.
ruficrus, 301.
rutifemur, 668.
rutigastra, 290.
rufipes (Amauronematus), 123, 124.

(Epyris). 611.

(Psilocera), 470.

(Stephanus), 216.

(Tenthredo), 86, 90, 91.

(Trichasis), 534.

(Trichopria), 566, 567.
rufipes, 276.
rufiscutellaris, 317.
rufitarsus, 747.
rufiventre, 6c^.
rufiventris, 347, 354, 3S8.
rufizonatus, 349, 360.
rufocincta (Pteronidea), 127, 134.

(Strongylogastroidea). 63, 64.
rufocinctus (Pachynematus), 117,
119, 120.

(Pamphilius), 38, 39.
rufocoxalis, 187, 194.
rufofasciatus, 41.
rufofemorata. 526.
rufopecta, 86, 90, 91.
rufopectus, 320, 322.
rufopediba, 89, 92.
rufovariatus, 320, 322.
rufula, 150.
rufulus, 284.
rufus (Agrothereutes), 330, 332..

(Coleocentrus), 327.

(Leptorhaptus), 510.
rugareolatus, 228, 229.
rugosa (Andrena), 714, 719.

(Holcaspis). 401.
rugosicollis, 485.
rugosopetiolata, 573.
rugulosa, 137, 140.
rustica (Melissodes), 731, 732.

(Osmia), 749, 750.

saccularis. 432.
sachemella, 213.
sackeni, 515.
Sagaritis, 246, 262.
saginata, 167.
sagus, 346, 350, -^57,
saitidis, 551.
salicacea, 716.
salicaphis, 260, 261.
salicicola (Euura), 141, 142.

(Polygnotus), 536, 537, 539-
salicis (Andrena), 720.
salicis (Nematus), 134, 136.

salictaria, 711, 715, 720.
S alius. See Priocnemis.
sanbornii, 673, 674.
sanbornii, 623.
sanctus, 228.

sanguinea aserva, 595, 596.
sanguinea rubicunda, 595, 596.
sanguinea subintegra, 595, 596.
sanguineum, 300.
Saperdae, 766.
Sapyga, 620.
Sapygidae, 607, 620.
sassacus (Amblyteles), 349, 360.
(Bracon), 230, 231.
(Chelonus), 232, 233.
(Therion), 286, 287.
saucius, 345, 355.
saundersi, 454.
Sawfly, larch, 115.
raspberry, 153.
rose, 77..

European rose, 762.
Sayapis, 745.

sayi (Ccelioxys), 746, 747.
(Hylaeus), 738. 739-
(Megachile), 743. 744, 745-
(Nomada), 725, 726, 727.
(Oryssus), 175. *

(Solenius), 667.
sayi var. occidentalis, 175.
sayi var. terminalis, 175.
scabrata, 579.
scabriformis, 270.
scabrinodis, 587.

scabrinodis var. fracticornis, 587.
scabrinodis var. sabuleti, 587.
scabrinodis var. schencki, 587.
Scambus, 256, 318, 320, 766.
scanticorum, 205, 267.
scapularis (Hylotoma), 162, 163.

(Mesoleius), 292.
scelesta, 144.
scelestus, 633.
Scelio, 544, 556.
Sceliomorpha, 544-
Scelionidse, 530, 541-
Sceliphron, 682.
Sceliphronini, 678, 682.
schaufussi, 599. _
schaufussi var. incerta, 586.
Schizocerinae, 43, 164.
Schizocerus, 164.
Schlettererius, 215.
schvi'arzi, 525.
schwartzii (Conostigmus). 558, 559.

(Phaenopria), 567, 568.
Sciapteryx, 58.
Scinacopus, 336.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

819

scitula, 316, 317.

scitulus (Amblyteles), 354, 359.

(Andricus), 422, 428.

(Apanteles), 187, 193.

(.Mesochorus), 279, 280.
Scolia, 616.
Scoliidse, 607, 616.
Scoliinae, 616.
Scolioneurinae, 42, 158.
Scolobates, 253, 297.
scolytivorus, 210.
Scopiorus, 253, 298.
scripta, 40, 41.
script! frons, 320, 322.
scrobinata, 623, 625.
scrupea, 625.
sculpta, 408.
sculptus, 225.
scutellaris (Exetastes), 274.

(Meniscus), 312, 313.
sebequanash, 204, 206.
secunda (Ichneutidea), 221.

(Tenthredo), 88, 92.
secundus (Polybates), 159.

(Bucculatriplex), 765.
sedulus, 295.
Selandria, 65, (£.
Selandria, 79, 80, 143, 145, 146, 147,

148, 150, 153, 155, 156.
Selandriinae, 41, 65.
semseoda, 241.
semicinctus, 37, 39.
semicornis (Macremphytus), 59,
61.

(Tenthredo), 85, 91.
semidea (Caenolyda), 36.

(Cimbex), 104.
semidise, 453.
semilutea, 82.
seminator, 430.
seminiger (Amblyteles), 348, 359.

(Tryphon),294.
seminosus, 421.
Semiotellus, 486.
Semiotellus, 479.
semirubra, 230, 231.
semirnfus (Erigorgus), 282, 284.

(Exochus), 306.
separatus, 758, 759.
sericea, 502.
sericeus (Chelonus), 232, 233.

(Dolerus), 69, 75-

(Schizocerus), 164.
Sericopompilus, 630, 632.
serotina, 717.
Serphidse, 531, 573-
Serphoidea, 23, 529.
Serphus, 530, 573-

sessile, 590.
sexcincta, 617.
sexmaculatus, 667.
Sierolomorpha, 618.
Sigalphus, 218, 233.
Sigalphus, 234.
signata, 85, 86, 89, 91.
signatipes, 348, 359.
signatus, 334, 336.
Signiphora, 506.
Signiphoridae, 445, 506.
similar is, 136.
similata, 144.
simile (Dianthidium), 752.

(Diprion), 761.
similis (Amauronematus), 122, 123,
124.

(Andricus), 428.

(Diastrophus), 436.

(Dolerus), 74, 76.

(Miota), 571, 572.
similis, 705.
simillima, 749, 750.
simillima, 732.
simillimus (Bassus), 228, 229.

(Nomiaephagus), 623.
simplex, 210.
simplicicornis, 109, no.
simplicipes, 316, 317.
simulata, 87, 92.
singularis (Andricus), 431.

(Crahro), 662.

(Solenius). 667.
sinuosus, 602, 603.
Siobla, 58.
siphonophorae, 452.
Sirex, 170.
Sir ex, 174.
Siricidas, 29, 169.
Siricinae, 169.
slossonae, 158.
slossoni (Opbion), 287. 288.

(Tenthredo), 89, 92.
Slug, pear, 79.
Smicra, 526.
sodalis, 747, 748.
sokanakiakorum, 270.
Solenaspis, 364, 366.
Solenius, 662, 664, 665.
Solenopsis, 582, 584.
Solenozopheria, 370. 373, 434.
soHdaginis (Andrena), 714, 717.

(Bracon), 230, 231.

(Microgaster), 201, 202.

(Polygnotus), 536, 537. 540.
soHtaris, no.
solivagus, 673, 675.
Sophropompilus, 632.

820

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY,

[Bull.

soror, 348, 360.
Spalangia, 484, 485.
Spalangia, 519.
Spalangiidae, 445, 484.
Spanotecnus, 249, 292.
Sparaison, 544, 556.
sparsus, 702, 704, 707.
speciosus, 692.
spectabilis, 508.
Sphaerophthalma, 622, 625.
Spceropyx, 233.
Sphecidae, 651, 652.
Sphecinae, 653, 678.
Sphecini, 678, 680.
Sphecius, 692.
Sphecodes, 700, 708, 709.
Sphecodium, 709.
Sphecoidea, 23, 645.
Sphecophaga, 252, 293.
Sphegigaster, 468, 483.
Sphex, 669, 680, 681.
sphingis, 545, 546, 548.
sphinx, 162, 163.
spicatum, 103.
spiculata 61, 64.
Spilochalcis. 526.
Spilomena, 688, 689.
Spilomicrus, 561, 562, 563, 564.
spilosomatis, 545, 546, 547.
spinaria, 329.
spinipes, 634.
spinolae (Bembex), 694.

(Odynerus), 636, 638.
spinosa, 571.
spinosus, 563, 564.
spinulata, 238.
spinulatus, 238.
spirseje, 154, 155.
spiraeana, 714, 719.
splendens, 701, 703, 705.
spriuna, 72,3-

stadaconensis, 351, 355, 360.
Stelididse, 699, 741.
Stelis, 741.
Stenamma, 583, 585.
Stenichneumon. 355, 357.
Stenopleura, 185, 191.
Stephanidse, 179, 215.
Stephanus, 215, 216.
Stictia, 693.
Stictonotus, 478.
stigma, S14.
stigmapterus, 310.
stigmata (Eucoila), 366.

(Pteronidea), 131, 136.
stigmaterus, 241.
Stigmatomma, 580, 581.
stigmatus, 558.-

Stigmus, 688, 689.
Stilpnus, 257, 341.
stirpicola, 668,
Stizinas, 692.
Stizus, 645.

striaticeps, 535, 536, 537,
striativentris, 552.
strobilana, 403.
Stromboceros, 65, ,
Strongylogaster, 65, 67.
Strongylogastcr, 64. 67.
Strongylogastroidea, 46, 61,
Strumigenys, 582.
studiosa, 520.
stugnus, 74, '/6.
stygia, 620,
suadus, 116, 120.
suaveolens, 274.
subalbatus, 118, 119, 120.
subaptera (Acropiesta), 571.
subapterus (Holepyris), 611,

(Merisus), 480.
subcrassus, 298.
subcyaneus, 345, 351, 356,
subdentatus, 579.
subdolus, _ 346, 358.
subemarginata, 563.
subfirmus, 241.
subita, 683.
sublatus, 350, 357.
sublatus var. proximus, 350, 357.
submarginatus, 292.
suborbicularis, 486.
subpolita, 596, 599-
subsericea, 578, 579, 596.
subtruncata, 147.
subviolaceus, 631, 632.
succincta, 99, loi.
succinctus, 354, 356.
sulcata (Phasgonophora), 443, 527.

(Trigonalys), 243.
sulcus, 671.
superbus, 312, 313.
suturalis, 349, 360.
swezeyi, 496.
sycophanta (Diplazon), 303.

(Pristiphora), 113, 115.
sylvestris, 374.
symmorpha, 635.
Symmorphus, 635, 638.
Symmyrmica, 583.
Sympheidole, 581.
Sympherta, 252, 299.
Symphobus, 250, 289.
Sympiesis, 460, 461.
Sympratis, 285.
Synairema, 81.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTER.\ OF CONNECTICUT.

821

Synaldis, 211, 214.
Synergus, 368, 371, 377, 408.
Synhalonia, y^i^.
Synoecetes, 251, 295.
Synopeas, 531.
Synophrus, 377, 379.
Synothyreopus, 669.
Syntomaspis, 444, 512, 514.
Syntomaspis, 515, 516.
Syntomosphyrum, 452.
Syrphoctonus, 254, 302.
Sysphincta, 580.
Systasis, 486.

tabacum, 474.
tabanivorus, 544.
tabidus. 174.
Tachysphex. 684, 686.
Tachytes, 684, 685.
tacitus, 67, 68.
ta^niatus, 335, 336.
Tapinoma, 589, 590.
Tapjnogonalos, 243.
tarsalis (Holmgrenia), 293.

(Neoscleroderma), 610.
tarsatorius, 240.
tarsatus (Macremphytus), 61.

(Tachysphex), 687.
taurea, 734.
Taxonus, 45, 46.
Taxonus, 46, 57, 64.
tectus (Dolerus), 70, 75.

(Neuroterus), 389.
tecumseh, 320.
tegularis (Halictus), 702, 703, 706.

(Lissonota), 313, 315.
Teleas, 542, 553.
Telenomus, 542, 544.
Temelucha, 277.
tenax, 690.
tenebrosus, 633, 634.
tenellus, 337, 339.
tennesseensis, 585, 586.
Tenthredella, 762.
Tenthredinidae, 28, 41, 761.
Tenthredininae, 42, 80.
Tenthredinoidea, 22, 25, 761.
Tenthredo, 80, 83, 762.
Tenthredo, 81, 82.
Tenthredopsis, 80, 82.
Tcnthredopsis, 81, 82, 83.
tenuicornis, 319, 322.
tenuipes, 286, 287.
terminalis (Aleiodes), 235, 236.

(Amblyteles), 347- 3S8.

(Anthophora), 735. 72>^, 727-

(Homalotylus), 500.

(Pontania), 137, 140.

(Strongylogastroidea), 62, 64.

terminatus, 687.
ternarius, 755, 757.
terricola, 755, 757.
tertius, 560.
testaceipes, 259, 261.
testaceus, 60, 61.
Tetrachrysis, 605.
Tetragonochora, 360.
Tetralonia, 730, 72,3.
Tetramorium, 582, 589.
tetraplasta, 566, 567.
Tetrastichidae, 446, 451.
Tetrastichus, 452, 453.
texana (Belyta), 571.

(Macrophya), 93, 99.

(Polysphincta), 318.
texanus, 334, 336.
Thalessa, 324.
thaspii, 712, 713, 715, 719.
Thaumatotypidea, 238.
Thaumatotypus, 238.
theclc-e (Apanteles), 188, 196.

(Tetrastichus), 454.
Therion, 248, 286.
Theronia, 256, 323.
Thersilochus, 275.
thoracica (Mesostenidea), 329, 330.

(Pteronidea), 129, 133, 135.
thoracica, 621.
thoracicus (Euceros), 299.

(Platylabus), 343.
Thrinax, 65, 67.
thripites, 327, 328.
thyantas. 550.
Thyreodon, 249, 287.
Thrycopus, 669.

thyridopterygis, (Hemiteles), 337,
339, 340.

(Pteromakis), 478.
tibialis (Anteon), 616.

(Phanerotoma), 233.

(Polyblastus), 297.

(Xiphydria), 168, 169.
tibialis, 115.
tibiator (Brachistes), 221.

(Bracon), 230, 231.

(Cardiochiles), 183.

(Macrophya), 96, 100.
tigris, 636, 639.
tiliae, 149, 150.
Tiinulla, 622. 625.
tinctoria. 768.
Tiphia, 618, 619.
Tiphiinae. 616, 618.
tischeri.T (Apanteles), 191, 199.

(Astichus), 4S8.

(Elasmus), 464.

(Sympiesis). 461.
tityri. 288.

822

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

Tomostethus, 143, 148.

topiarius, 420.

torrida, 727.

tortricis, 190, 199.

torvina, 527.

Torymus, 515.

Toxoneuron, 183.

Toxophoroides, 317.

Trachelus, 172, 174.

Trachichneumon, 360.

Trachymyrmex, 582.

trachynotus, 191, 199.

tramosericus, 655.

transversus (Monophadnus), 149,

ISO.
(Pamphilius), 38, 39.
treate, 585, 586.
Tremecinae, 169, 172.
Tremex, 172.
triangularis, 525.
triangularus, 672.
triangulum, 103.

Triaspis, 218, 234.
tricarinatus, 610.
Trichasis, 531. 534-
Trichiocampus, 108, no.
Trichiosoma, 102, 103.
Trichogramma, 449.
Trichogrammidae, 445, 449.
Trichopria, 562, 563, 566.
Trichrysis, 605.
tricinctus, 459.
Triclistus, 254, 307.
tricolor (Paraxyela), 31.

(Pteronidea), 126, 134.
tridentatum, 676, 677.
Tridymidse, 445, 486.
Triepeolus, 722, 728.
trifasciatus (Alcocerus), 308.

(Closterocerus), 459.

(Solenius), 667.
Trigonalidse, 180, 242.
Trigonalys, 243.
trilineata, 130, 136.
triloba, 683.
trimaculatus, 173.
Trioxys, 261.
Trissolcus, 542, 549.
trisulcus, 658.
trisyllaba, 98, loi.
tritici (Isosoma), 523.

(Pachynematus), 119, 120.
_ (Xystus), 367.
Trivittatus, 136.
Trogus, 258, 343.
Tromatobia, 322.
tropicus, 631, 632.

trosula, 93, 99.

truncatelia, 503.

truncatus (Andronicus), 751.

(Halictus), 701, 703, 705.
truncicola integra, 595, 597.
truncicola obscuriventris, 595, 597-
Trypetes, 751.
Tryphon, 252, 293.
Trypoxylon, 675.
Trypoxyloninas, 653, 675.
tuber, 377, 428, 434.
tuberculatus, 324.
tuberculifrons, 342.
tuberosus, 430.
tubicola (Andricus), 370, 430.

(Callimome), 516.
tumifica, 423.
tumida, 375.
tumidiformis, 335, 336.
tumidus (Crabro), 669, 670.

(Polygnotus), 536, 538.
turgidus, 439.
turionell?e, 322.
turni, 500.
typhlocybae, 614.

ulmi, 157.

ultus, 351, 355. 360.

ultus var. rogalis, 351, 30O.

umbilicatus, 390.

umbratus mixtus var. pphidicnla,

592, 593.
umbratus mixtus var. -pecu'iven-

tris, 592, 593.
uncas, 206, 208.
unicincta, 64.
unicolor (Astata), 688.

(Dolerus). 73, 76.

(Gelis), 327, 328.

(Myrmosa), 621.

(Nematus), 120, 121.

(Sympherta), 299.
unicus (Crabro), 663.

(Strongylogaster), 67, 68.
unifasciatorius, 346, 350, 351, 357-
unifasciatus (Cryptocheilus), 629.

(Odynerus), 636, 638.
uniformis, 220.
urban a, 240.
urnaria, 682.
Urocerus, 170, 171.
Urocerus, 171.
uroplat^e, 462.
Urosigalphus, 218, 233.
ursina, 735. 736, 737.
utilis CAmblyteles), 355, 359-

(Hecabo'lus), 237, 238.

No. 22.]

HYMENOPTERA OF CONNECTICUT.

823

utilis, 339.
utriculus, 411, 423.

vaccinii (Philonix), 381.

(Solenozopheria), 434.
vacciniicola, 513.
vagans, 755, 757.
vagus, 637, 640.
validus, 740,
Vanhorniidas, 180.
varia (Lissonota), 314, 315.

(Macrophya), 99, loi.
variabilis, 759, 760.
varians (Decatoma), 518.

(Tenthredo), 90, 92.
varianus, 60, 61.
variatus (Exyston), 300, 301.

(Polistes), 644.
varicolor, 203, 204.
variegatum, 500.
varifrons (Hylseus), "737, 739.

(Monoblastus), 297.
varius, 463, 464.
velox, 348, 359.
ventilabris, 673.
ventralis. (Arenetra), 315, 316.

(Bembidula), 693.

(Pteronidea), 125, 133, 134.
ventricosus (Andrlcus), 409.

(Ormyrus), 512.
ventricosus, 134.
venustus, 326.
verditer, 472.
verna, 404.
vernalis, 264.
vernonise (Microbracon), 206, 208.

(Polygnotus), 536, 537, 539-
vernus, 441.
verrucarum, 385.
versabilis, 352, 357.
versatus, 702, 704, 707.
versicolor (Macremphytus), 60, 61.

(Meteorus), 223, 224.
versus, 75, 76.
vertebrata, 131, I33, 136.
verticalis (Chrysis), 604.

(HyljEus), 738, 739-

(Tenthredo), 86, 91.
vesicula (Andricus), 424.

(Neuroterus), 394-
Vespa, 641.

Vespa. 642. .

Vespidae, 607, 640. ~

Vespinse, 640, 641.
Vespini, 641.
Vespoidea, 23, 606.
Vespula, 641, 642.
vesta, 622, 625.

vestita, 717.

viator, 183.

vicina (Andrena), 713, 715, 718.

(Nomada), 724, 726, 727.

(Osmia), 749, 750.
vicinus, 326.
victima, 715, 720.
vidua (iMegachile), 743, 744, 745.

(Pimpla), 766.
viduiformis, 766.
Viereckella, 722, 727.
Viereckiana, 269, 271.
vierecki (Dasymutilla), 623, 625.

(Halictus), 702, 704, 707.
viereckii, 564.
villosa, 272.
viminalis, no.
vincibilis, 341, 342,
vincta, 724, 725, 727.
vinnulus, 353, 358.
viola, 344, 359.
violaceipennis, 681.
violaceipcnnis, 124.
violaceum, 603. t

Vipionidae, 179. 181, 764.
virescens (Halictus), 701, 703, 704.

(Hylotoma), 161, 163.
virginica (Phsenopria), 568.

(Trichopria), 566, 567.

(Xylocopa), 753.
virginicns. 758.
virginiensis (Aphanogmus), 560.

(Macroteleia), 554.

(Psammochares), 633.
viridicyaneus, 603.
viridissimus. 700, 703, 705.
znridulus, 704.
viticola. 535, 536, 537.
vitis, 523.
vitis, 156.
vitreus, 278, 280.
vitticollis, 271.
vittifrons, 310.
v-lincatus, 366.
volens. 355. 359-
vulgaris (Glypta), 316, 317.

(Meteorus), 223. 224.

(Phygadeuon), 334, 336.

(Phytodietus), 312.

(Sphex), 682.

(Vespula), 643.
vulpinus, 343.

waccagum. 287.
vir-album, 348. 354. 356.
waldeni (Aleiodes). 235, 236.

(Bassus). 228, 229.

(MicropHtis), 203, 204.

824

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

(Odynerus), 636, 638.

(Tiphia), 619.
walshianus, 636, 638.
walshii, 169.
wampanoagorum, 234.
Wasp, black, 683.

blue mud, 682.

cockoo, 602.

common, 644.

giant sand, 692.

gold, 602.

potter, 634, 635.

social, 640.

thread-waisted, 678.

yellow, 683.
wawequa, 204, 206.
weedi. 713, 7I4, 7i9-
wilsoni, 352, 357.
wilti, 323.

winkleyi (Amblyteles), 347. 348,
358.

(Andrena), 71a, 718.

(Apanteles), 186, 192.

(Bassus), 227, 229.
woonandi, 265.

Xanthidium, 727.
xanthopus, 572.
Xanthosarus, 745.
xanthostigmus, 207.
Xanthoteras, 384.
Xenoglossa, 730, 733-
Xenomyrmex, 583.
Xenotoma, 569, 570, 572.
Xeris, 170, 171.
Xestocrabro, 665, 667.
Xestophanes, 372.
Xiphomyrmex, 582.
Xiphydria, 168.
Xiphydria, 169.
xiphydriae, 242.
Xiphydriidae, 29, 168.

Xorides, 256, 310.
Xyela, 29, 30.
Xycla, 31, 32.
Xyelidce, 28, 29.
xylinus, 187, 194.
Xylocopa, 753-
Xylocopida;, 699, 753-
Xylocrabro, 668.
Xylonomus. 257, 310, 767.
Xylopbruridea, 767.
Xystoteras, 383.
Xystus, 363, 367.
Xystus, cabbage aphis, 367.
oat, 367.

Yellow- jacket, 641, 642.

zabriskiei (Aeolus), 551.

(Axima), 524.

(Diomorus), 513.

(Schizocerus), 164, 165.
Zagrammosoma, 460, 462.
Zamicrotoridea, 340.
Zarea, 102.
Zatropis, 476, 477.
zebrata, 290,
zeli, 511.

Zelotypa, 569, 570, 572.
Zemiodes, 250, 288.
zephyrus, 702, 704, 706.
Zethus, 634.
zizise (Andrena), 712, 716, 717.

(Hylaeus), 737, 738, 739-
zonalis, 97, 100.
zonarius, 201, 202.
zonata, 100.
Zonocryptus, 333.
Zoophthorus, 340.
Zoothrephes, 304.
Zopheroteras, 381.
Zygota, 569, 570, 572.

^*-!r — »H^

PLATE I.
Hymenopterous Larv.e.

1. Cro'sus latitarsus Nort., on birch.

2. Giant Sawfly, Ciiiibc.v amcricana Leach.

3. A Sawfly larva, possibly {Pteroinis) Ptcronidca ventralis Say,

feeding on willow.

4. Tomostcthus {Monopliadmis) bardiis Say, on ash.

5. Peach Sawfly, PaiupIiiUns persicus MacG.

All natural size.

Plate I

4)

PLATE II.

1 Nest of White-faced Hornet, (Vcspa) Vespula maculata Linn.

Much reduced.
2. Nest of Common Wasp, Polistcs pallipcs LePel. Natural

size.

Plate II

PLATE III.

Xest of Common Yellow-jacket, {Vespa) Vespnla diaboUca Sauss.

Somewhat reduced.
Lower fionre has section removed to show interior.

Plate III

PLATE IV.

1. Nest of Odyiicrus birenimaculatus Sauss.

2. Nest of Potter Wasp, Eumenes fraterna Say.

3. Nest of Mud-dauber, Sceliphron cementarius Drury.

All natural size.

riatc IV

PLATE V.

Nest of Formica cxscctoidcs Forel, a common Ant.

Plate V

• . . : V •-'^•?1^%

\ ■' .. .. • v J'

■ .i' ■• -

t •

> V '^

1 '.. »

I

PLATE \T.

Galls Formed by Hymenopterous Insects.

Blackberry Seed Gall, Diastrophiis cuscutceformis O. S.

2. Knot Gall, Diastrophiis nebulosus O. S.

3. Mealy Rose Gall, Rhodites ignotus O. S.
■4. Oak Bullet Gall, Holcaspis globulus Fitch.
5. Mossy Rose Gall, Rhodites roscr Linn.

All natural size.

Plate VI

PLATE VII.

1. Cocoons of Apantclcs {Protapanteles) congregatiis Say on

young Tobacco \\'orm. Natural size.

2. Cocoons of a Microgasterine, the host of Pcconiachus

111 i II i III IIS Walsh, on apple twig. Natural size.

3. Cocoons of a Microgasterine, Apanteles {Protapantcles)

gloiiicratiis (Linn), a parasite of the Cabbage Worm.
Twice natural size.

Plate VII

PLATE VIII.

1. Peach Sawfly, Panipliiliits pcrsicus MacG.

2. Pigeon Horntail, Tremex coluniha Linn, (female).

3. Pigeon Horntail, Tremex colniiiba Linn. (male).

4. Elis quinquecincta Fabr.

5. Potter Wasp, Eumenes f rater na Say.

6. Giant Sawfly, Ciiiibcx ajucricana Leach.

7. Chlorion (Ammobia) icJuicumoiicnin Linn.

8. Common Wasp, Polistes pallipcs LePel.

9. Chlorion (Aiiiinobia) pcunsylz'aiiiciiiii Linn.

10. European Giant Hornet, Vcspa crabro Linn.

11. Mittilla fcrriigata Fabr.

12. Large Velvet Ant, Mittilla occidcntalis Linn.

13. Common Yellow- jacket, (Vespa) Vespula diabolica Sauss.

14. Mud Wasp, Chalybion cavnlciim (Linn).

15. Giant Digger Warp, Sphccins spcciosiis Drury.

16. White-faced Hornet, (J^espa) Vespiila macitlata Linn.

All natural size.

Plate VIII

PLATE IX.

1. Pclecinns poiyfiirator Drury (female).

2. (Ichneumon) Aiiiblytcles comes Cresson.

3. Meniscus superhus Prov.

4. Lunate Long-sting, {Thalcssa) Mcgarhyssa Innator (Fabr.)

(male).

5. Black Long-sting, {Thalcssa) Mcgarhyssa atrata (Fabr.)

(female).

6. Black Long-sting, (Thalcssa) Mcgarhyssa atrata (Fabr.)

(male).

7. Ophion (Allocampfus) macrurus Linn.

8. Trogus vulpinits Gravenhorst.

9. Paniscus geiniiiatus Say.

10. {Pimpla) PimpUdea marginata (Prov.).

11. Hctcropelma Uavicorne Brulle.

All natural size.

Plate IX

PLATE X.

1. Megachile (Xaiithosanis) latimana Say.

2. Carpenter Bee, Xylocopa virginica Drury.

3. Honey Bee, Apis mcUifcra Linn.

4. Benihcx spinolce LePel.

5. Bumblebee, (Bombus) Brcmits peiinsylraincus Degeer

(female).

6. Xenoglossa {Peponapis) pruinosa Say.

7. Halictus lerouxi LePel.

8. Bumblebee, (Bovibus) B remits tcrricola Kirby (female).

9. Halictus (Agapostemon) virescens Fabr.

10. Andrcna solidaginis Robt.

11. Bumblebee. (Bonibns) Brcmiis impaticns Harr. (female).

12. Andrcna vicina Sm.

13. Carpenter Ant, Cauiponotus pcnnsylvanicus Degeer

(winged form).

14. Carpenter Ant, Cauiponotus pennsylvanicus Degeer

(wingless form).

15. Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) cccrnlans Fabr.

All natural size.

Plate X

QL475 C8B8X pt.3 Ent.

AUTHOR

Britton, Wilton Everett

T'TLE Guide to the Insects of
Connecticut