in i iM — : ci hoe Gen. 170. TILLETIA, Tul. . Spores spherical, reticulated, proceed. ON = . = . + 6008 ing from delicate branched threads.—Berk. s Saad Outl. p.335. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847. Fig. 205. (Fig. 205.) 1519. Tilletia caries. Tul. “ Bunt.” Included within the germen; spores spherical, rather large, black, reticulated. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, vii. ¢. 5, f. 1-16. Cooke M.F. p.202,t.v. f. 84-91. Berk. Hort. Journ. ii. p. 118. Cooke Quek. Journ.i. p. 167. Cooke eas.no.53. Tul, Ann. Sc. Nat. Ath. ser. il. t.12, f. 1-26. Uredo fetida. Bauer Ann. Sc. Nat.1824, i. t.7,f.17-20. Uredo caries. Eng, Fl. v. p. 875. Ditm, t. 34. Berk, exs. no. 113. 512 CHOMACEI. On wheat, filling the grains. Autumn. Common. [ United States. ] Foetid when crushed. For particulars regarding the germination of these spores, see paper by Rev. M. J. Berkeley, in Horticultural Journal, and by the author in Quekett Journal, i. p. 167. (Fig. 205.) Gen. 171. USTILAGO, Link. Plant deeply seated ; spores simple, spring- ing from delicate threads, or in closely packed cells, ultimately breaking up into a powdery mass.—Berk. Outl. p. 335. (Fig. 206.) Fig. 206. 1520. Ustilago carbo. Tul. ‘‘ Corn Smut.” Produced on the receptacle and rachis; epidermis soon rup- tured; spores loose, minute, globose, black.—Tul. Ann. Se. Nat. 1847), t. 3, f. 1-12. Ustilago segetum. Ditm. t.33. Cooke M.F. t.5, f. 98-99. Cooke ews. no. 54. Corda. iv. f. 9. Uredo segetum. Pers. Syn. p. 224. Moug. exs. no. 291. Bact. exs. no. 43. Eng. Fl. y.p. 374. Bull. t. 472, f. 2. Kl. exs. no. 81. On the ears of corn and grasses. Autumn. Common. [ United States. ] 1521. Ustilago urceolorum. Tui. ‘Sedge Smut.” Produced on the glumes and utricles ; epidermis soon burst- ing ; spores in a compact mass, afterwards breaking up, globose, rather large, granulated.— Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. t. 4, f. 7-10. Cooke M.F.t.6. f. 109-111. Nees. f. 6. Kl. exs. no. 195. Uredo urceolorum. D.C. Fl. Fr. vi. p. 78. Eng. Fl. v. p. 875. Sow. t.396,f.4. Berk. eas. no. 114. Surrounding the seed of various Carices as Carex precoz, stel- lulata, recurva, and pseudo-eyperus. Autumn, Rather common. [ Mid. and Up, Carolina. ] 1522. Ustilago longissima. Zui. “Elongated Smut.” Produced on the leaves in linear, long, parallel, dirty-olive patches ; epidermis bursting longitudinally; spores globose, breaking up into minute granules, olive-black.—Tul. Ann. Se. Nat. (1847), vii. p. 76. Cooke M.F’. t. 5, f: 105-107. Cooke eas. no. 55. Uredo longissima. Sow.t. 139, Lng. Ll. v.p. 375. Berk. exs. no. 230. Kl, ews, no. 84. CHOMACEI. 513 On leaves of Poa aquatica and P. fluitans. Summer. Com- mon. ** Giving the leaves a very remarkable appearance.” —Eng. Fl. 1523. Ustilago olivacea. Tul. “Olive Smut.” Infesting the enlarged receptacle; epidermis soon bursting; spores olive-green, powdery, minute, mixed with filaments.— Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847). Cooke M.F.t.6,f.126,127. Cooke exs.no. 298, vii. t. 4, f. 11. Uredo olivacea, Eng. Fl. v. p. 376. On Carez riparia. 1524. Ustilago hypodytes. fr. “ Grass-culm Smut.” Produced on the culms beneath the sheaths, afterwards ex- posed; spores minute, subglobose, brownish-black.—Tul. Ann. Se. Nat. (1847), vi.t.3.f14. Cooke M.F.t.5, f.100,101. Cooke exs.no.d56. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 256,481. Uredo hypodytes, Desm. exs. no. 473. Kl. exs. no. 83. On the culms of various grasses. Summer. [ Low. Carolina. | 1525. Ustilago maydis. Corda. “Maize Smut.” Produced on the stems, germens, &c.; epidermis at length bursting; spores spherical, minute, brownish-black, surface covered with echinulate warts.— Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. ¢. 2. Cooke M.F.t. 5, f.108. Kl. exs.no.198. Corda. Icon. iv. 8. Philip. Traite. t. 5, 6,7. On stems, &c., of Zea mays. [ United States. ] (Fig. 206, spores magnified.) 1526. Ustilago montagnei. Tul. ‘‘Beaksedge Smut,” Produced on the seeds; epidermis bursting; spores slightly angular, small, dark-coloured, intermixed sparingly with fragile filaments.— Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. t.5, 7.31. Cooke M.F. t 0, f. 96,97. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 479. On seeds of Rhyncospora alba. [ Low. Carolina. ] 1527. Ustilago grandis. Tul. ‘Reed Smut.” Produced on the stems of reeds, forming thick bullate patches several inches long, occupying whole internodes, covered by their sheath; spores globose, rather large——Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii p.78. Ustilago typhoides, B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 480. Cooke M.F. t. 6, f. 128, 129. 514 CHOMACEI. On stems of Arundo phragmitis. Autumn. ; ** Horming thick bullate patches severalinches in length, occupying whole internodes covered by their sheath. Spores larger than in U. hypodytes and U. longissima.”—B. & Br. 1528. Ustilago salveii. B.¢ Br. “ Cocksfoot Smut.” Produced on the leaves, forming elongated parallel sori on the upper surface ; spores obovate, rather large, rough, with minute granules.—B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 482. Cooke M.F.t. 6, f.117- 18. Cooke exs. no. 57. On leaves of Dactyles glomerata and other grasses. A distinct and interesting species, exhibiting in its spores the type of an Uredo rather than of Ustilago. Spores four times as long as in U. longissima. —B.& Br. 1529. Ustilago grammica. 2.4 Br. “ Banded Smut.” Forming little transverse bands, consisting of short parallel black lines ; spores globose, very minute.—B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 483. Cooke M.F. t. 6, f. 120-122. On stems of Aira aquatica and A. cespitosa. Rare. Forming little transverse fascize, consisting of short parallel black lines, a line or more in length. Spores far smaller than in JU. longissima, not ex- ceeding one-third of their diameter.— B. & br. 1530. Ustilago vinosa. Zul, “ Oxyria Smut.” Produced on the swollen receptacles; spores roundish, very small, and minutely papillose, separately pellucid, in clusters, violaceous.—Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii.p.96. Cooke M.f’. p. 204. B.g§ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 484. On the swollen receptacles of Oxyria reniformis. Spores smaller than in U, wtriculosa, and merely papillate, instead of be- ing reticulated.—B. & Br. 1531. Ustilago utriculosa. Zul. “Utricle Smut.” Produced in the germen and perigonium; epidermis soon ruptured ; spores effuse, minute, globose, purple-black.—Tul. Ann. Se. Nat. (1847), vii. p. 102, t. 4, f. 2-6. Cooke, M.F.t. 6, f. 112-116. Cooke exs. no.58. Uredo utriculosa, Corda. ii. f. 12. Eng. Fl. v. p. 377. Nees. f. 6. On Polygonum hydropiper and other Polygona. Autumn. Common. [ United States. ] CHOMACEI. 515 1532. Ustilago flosculorum. Twi. “Floret Smut.’ Produced within the florets ; spores minute, purplish-brown. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii.p.99. Cooke M.F. t. 6. f. 123-125. Uredo flosculorum, Fr. S.M. ii. p. 348. Sow. t. 396, 7.2? Eng. fv. p. 379. On florets of Scabiosa arvensis. 1533. Ustilago receptaculorum, /7. ‘“ Goatsbeard Smut.’’ Produced within the receptacles; spores ovate, minute, re- ticulated, violet-brown, nearly black, very profuse, filling the re- ceptacle.— Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vil. ¢. 4, f.1. Cooke M.F. t. v.f. 92-95. Cooke exs.no. 59. Uredo receptaculorum. Desm. exs. no. 128. On receptacles of Tragopogon pratensis. June. July. Com- mon. 1534. | Ustilago antherarum. /7. “ Anther Smut.” Produced on the anthers and germens; spores subglobose, effuse, violet.—TZul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. t. 4, f. 12-19, ¢.5, f.23. Cooke M.F. t.5,f.102-104. Sow. ¢. 396, f.1. Kunze ews. no.218. Uredoantherarum. Eng.Fl.v.p.381. Nees. t.i. f.5. KI. exs. no. 192. On the anthers of Silene, Lychnis, &. Common. [ United States. ] Gen. 172. THECAPHORA, [ing. Spores oblong or subglobose, smooth, or echinulate, agglomerated together, few or many, into more or less angular masses enclosed in cysts—Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847. (Fig. 207.) 1535. Thecaphora hyalina. Jing. “Hyaline Thecaphora.” Spores globose or oblong, minute, enclosed in large, hyaline, sub-hexagonal cysts.—/ing. Linn. x. p. 230. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. p. 109. B. §. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866) no. 1148. Desm. exs.no. 274, Cooke eas. no. 313. In capsules of Convolvuius soldanella. Aug. (King’s Lynn. Exmouth. 516 CHOMACEI. There is no external evidence in the capsule of the presence of this smut, and it is only by breaking it open that the Thecaphora can be seen. Itraises the testa of the green seed like a dark-coloured blister. The affected seeds shrivel, and do not become of the normal black colour. (Fig. 207.) Gen. 173. TUBURCINIA, ['r. Plant deeply seated; spores multi- cellular, subglobose, or conchiform.— Berk. Outl. p. 35. (Fig. 208.) Fig. 208. 1536. Tuburcinia scabies. 2. “ Potato Scab.” Spores globose, composed of minute cells, forming together a hollow globe, with one or more lacunx, generally attached late- rally by a slender thread, olive—JB. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 489. Berk. Hort. Journ.i. t.4, f. 30-31. Cooke M.F. t. 3,f.54. Rabh. exs.no. 900. On potatoes. The spores of this species are very curious ; they are composed of minute cells, forming together a hollow globe, with one or more lacunz communi- eating with the external air. A hollow shell with one or two apertures will give a notion of their form. They are generally attached laterally by a deli- cate thread.—B. & Br. (Fig. 208 spores. ) 1537. Tubercinia trientalis. 2. § Br. “Trientalis Smut.” Sori two lines broad, bullate, containing a black mass of rather irregular depressed subglobose spores, which are very opaque and distinctly cellular. Hyphasma white, branched, creeping, delicate— B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 488. Cooke M.F. t. 3, f. 52-53. On leaves of Trientalis Europea. Gen. 174. UROCYSTIS. Spores irregular, consisting of several cells. — Polycystis. Lev. (Fig. 209.) This genus is very closely allied to Thecaphora. OOMACEI. 57 1538. Urocystis viole. B, 4 Br. “Violet Smut.” Sori scattered, elongated, on both surfaces of the leaves and petioles; spores more or less globose, consisting of several cells, surrounded by a common irregular crust.—Polycystis viole. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 487. Cooke exs.no.78. Cooke M.F. p. 212, pl. ix. figs. 185-186. Granularia viola. Sow. t. 440. On leaves and petioles of violets. August. Common. Forming gouty swellings of the petioles and principal veins, and otherwise deforming the leaves, at length bursting in two or three places and exposing the sooty spores. ‘‘The spores are more or less globose, consisting of seve- ral cells, surrounded by a common irregular crust.” 1539. Urocystis colchici. Zul. ‘ Meadow Saffron Smut.” Sori elongated, bursting irregularly; spores smooth, or slightly papillose—Polycystis colchici. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. p.117. Cooke M.F. p.211. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 485. Sporisorium colchicit. Lib. exs. no. 194. Uredo colehici Berk. exs. no. 309. On leaves of meadow saffron (Colchicum autumnale). 1540. Urocystis occulta. Preuss. “Rye Smut.” Sori very long, linear; epidermis bursting longitudinally ; spores globose, with several projecting nodules, dark-brown.— Polycystis parallela. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 486. Cooke MF’. p. 212, pl. ix. figs. 187,188. Preuss. Sturm.t.1. Uredo parallela. Eng. Fl. v. py 375. On culms and sheaths of rye, and on the leaves of Carices. Tn long parallel lines on the leaves, with very much the habit of an Usti- lago. (Fig. 209.) 1541. Urocystis pompholygodes. Schlecht. ‘“ Buttercup Smut.” Sori variable, bullate; epidermis inflated, at first entire, then bursting irregularly, its remains surrounding the clusters ; spores copious, subglobose, black, opaque or pellucid.—Polycystis pom- pholygodes Lev. Cooke M.F. p. 212, pl.ix. figs. 185, 184. Cooke exs.no.79. Uredo pompholygodes. Berk. Ann. N.H. no 187. Berk. exs. no. 236. On Ranunculus repens and other Ranunculacee. Summer. Common. Causing gouty swellings of the petioles, and the principal veins of the leaves. At length bursting and exposing the sooty spores. Not uncommon on the Wood Anemone. 518 CHOMACEI. uROMmMYCES, Lev. Spores unilocular, attached permanently to a decided peduncle of greater length.— Berk. Outl. p. 338. (Fig. 210.) 1542. Uromyces alliorum. D.C. “Garlic Rust.” Spots obliterated, sori linear, oblong, or oval, amphigenous ; spores subglobose, yellow.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. p. 211. Uredo alliorum. Eng. Fl.v.p.376 (partly). Uredo porrt. Sow. t. 411. On species of Allium. 1543. Uromyces appendiculata. Ler. “ Long-stemmed Rust.” Spots yellowish-brown, sori subrotund and oval, confluent, nearly plane, on the under surface ; epidermis bursting ; spores ovoid, brown, with a long peduncle.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. t. 7, f. 149,150. Cooke exs. no. 823. Uredo appendiculosa. Eng. Fl. v.p. 383. On Leguminose, and other plants. Aug. and Sept. Common, [ Mid. Carolina. ] 1544. Uromyces apiculosa. Zev. ‘“Short-stemmed Rust.” Spots yellow or brown, sori subrotund, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis ; spores ovoid, brown, shortly pedun- culate.— Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F.t.7, f. 154, 155. Cooke exs.no. 822. Berk. exs. no. 116-117. Cooke L.F'.no.26. Uredo aptculosa. Eng. Fl.v. p. 382. On dock and various other plants. Aug. Sept. Common. [ United States. ] 1545. Uromyces limonii. Zev. “ Sea-lavender Rust,” Epiphyllous, sori bullate, scattered, or disposed in rings; spores ovate.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke MP’. p. 211. On Statice limonia. 1546. Uromyces ficarie. Lev. “ Pilewort Rust.” Spots yellowish, sori scattered, aggregate, confluent, and ex- panded; epidermis ruptured ; spores ovoid, brown.—ZLev. Ann. a CHOMACEIL, 519 Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. t.7.f.156, 157. Cooke exs. no. 122. Berk. exs.no.237. Cooke L.F.no.24. Uredo ranunculacearum. Eng. Fil. vy. p. 380. On Ranunculus ficaria. May. June. Common. 1547. Uromyces intrusa. Zev. “ Lady’s Mantle Rust.” On the under surface, scattered, or partially aggregate, red- dish-brown, rounded, somewhat prominent, minute, very un- equal ; spores roundish or oval— Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. p.211. Cooke eaxs.no. 121. Cooke L. F.no. 27. Uredo intrusa. Ling. Fl. v. p. 3882. Trachyspora alchemille. Fekl. exs. no. 318. On Alchemilla vulgaris. 1548. Uromyces concentrica. Zev. “ Hyacinth Rust.” Spots oblong or subrotund, crowded into patches ; epidermis bursting longitudinally ; spores rubiginous, obovate, shortly pedunculate.—Lev. Ann. des Sc. Nat. Cooke exs.no.76. Cooke M.F. ed. ii. p. 225. U. scille. Fckl.exs.no.401. Uredo concen- trica. Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 8, t. vi. p. 62, evs. no. 1478. West § Wall, no. 675. Trichobasis scillarum. Berk. Outl. p. 332. Cooke M.F. p.208. Uredo scillarum. Grev. Berk. Eng. Fl.v. p. 376. Uredo muscart. Duby. Bot. Gall.ii.p. 838? Puccinia scil- larum, Bacxt. exs. no. 40. On leaves of Wild Hyacinth. 1549. Uromyces polygoni. /cki, “ Knot-grass Rust.” Cauline; sori elongated and confluent, convex, surrounded by the remains of the ruptured epidermis ; sporidia subglobose or globose, smooth, yellowish-brown; pedicels very long, thick- ened, hyaline, persistent.—J/’ckl. exs. no. 8399. Cooke Seem. Journ. Cooke M.F. ed. ii. p. 225. Capitularia polygont. Rabh. Bot. Zeit. 1851, p.449. Rabh. exs.i.no.1995. F.E.no. 185. Puccinia vagi- nalium. Link. Sp. Pl. (in part). On stems of Polygonum aviculare. 1550. Uromyces sparsa. Jev. ‘‘Spergularia Rust.” Spots pallid ; sori subrotund and oval, amphigenous and cau- line ; epidermis erumpent; sporidia ovoid, brownish; peduncles thickened, short.—Lev. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1847, viii. p. 3869. Fr. Summ.514, Cooke M.F’. ed. ii.p.225. Uredo sparsa, Kze. exs. no.170. Cooma sparsum. Link. Sp. Pl. ii. p. 27. On Spergularia rubra. Swanscombe, Kent. 520 CHOMACEI. 1551. Uromyces graminum. Cooke. “ Cocksfoot Rust.” Epiphyllous on both surfaces; sori oblong, or confluent and linear, convex, black and shining, so as easily to be confounded on casual observation with Dothidia graminis, P., at length bursting longitudinally ; sporidia subglobose or ovate, tawny, with hyaline pedicels of variable length.—Cooke Seem. Journ. Cooke M.F. ed. ii. p. 225. On leaves of Dactylis glomerata. Oct. Shere. This is undoubtedly the Uromyces—form of Puccinia graminis, although I have not hitherto been able to trace the connection. It seems strange that it should have hitherto been unnoticed. Uromycres utmariaz. Lev. See Triphragmium ulmaria. Uromyces primuLe. Lev. See Puccinia primulae. Uromyces tripis. Lev. See Puccinia truncata. Gen. 176. COLEOSPORIUM, Lev. Spores cylindrical, septate, some separating at the joints, some of a different nature, persistent.—Berk., Outl. p. 333. (f7g. 211.) (aaees Fig. 211. 1652. Coleosporium tussilaginis. cv. ‘“ Coltsfoot Rust.’ On the under surface, prominent, crowded, generally forming circles, becoming very confluent ; spores numerous, subovate, orange-yellow.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F.t.8, f. 180,181. Cooke exs. no. 80. Uredo compransor. Eng. Fl. v. p. 379. (partly). Moug. exs. no. 390. On Coltsfoot leaves. Summer. Common, (Fig. 211.) 1553. Coleosporium pingue. Lev. ‘Tawny Rose Rust.” Spots obliterated; sori effuse, on the nerves and petioles of the leaves; spores ovoid, yellowish-brown.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F’. p.212. Uredopinguis. D.C. Fl. Fr. ii. p. 235. U. efusa. Eng. Fl. vy. p. 381 (partly). On roses, &¢. CHOMACEI. 521 3554. Coleosporium petasitis. Zev. “ Butterbur Rust.” On the under surface, minute, depressed, spreading, somewhat aggregate, subconfluent, irregular in form ; spores oval, orange, _ or orange-red.—Lev. Ann. Se. Nat. Cooke M.F. p. 213. Cooke exs.no.321. Cooke L.F’.no.45. Uredo compransor. Eng. Fl. v. p. 379. partly. U. petasites. Grev. Fl. ed. p. 441. On Tussilago petasites. Autumn. 1555. Coleosporium campanule. ev. “Campanula Rust.” Spots obliterated, brown on the opposite side; sori irregular, confluent, plane, on the under surface ; spores subglobose, co- hering, yellow, at length pale-—Lev. Ann. Se. Nat. Cooke M.F. p.213. Cooke exs. no. 81. Uredo campanule. Eng. Fl.v.p. 378. Bazxt.exs.no. 41. Berk. exs. no. 336. On leaves of various Campanule. Sept. Oct. 1556. Coleosporium sonchi-arvensis. Zev. “ Sow-thistle Rust.” On the under surface, depressed, irregular in form, scattered, partially confluent; spores ovate, reddish-orange-——Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F.t.8, f. 178-179. Cooke eas. no. 82. Uredo sonchi. Pers. Syn. p. 217. U. compransor. Eng. Fl. v. p. 379 (partly). On Sonchus oleraceus and arvensis. Summer. Common. 1557. Coleosporium rhinanthacearum. Lev. “ Cow-wheat Rust.” Spots none, or subferruginous ; sori irregular, confluent on the under, rarely on both surfaces; spores subglobose, compact, golden yellow.—Lev. Ann. Sc, Nat. Cooke M.F.t.8,f.176,177. Cooke exs. no.299. Uredo rhinanthacearum. Eng. Fl.v.p.377. On Luphrasia, Bartsia, Melampyrum, &e. Aug. Sept. Common. Gen. 177. MELAMPSORA. Cast. , Spores of two orders (1), dif- fuse, globose, or oblong; (2) crowded into a dense, compact NS mass, with or without a covering, wedge-shaped. —Berk. Outl. p. Fig. 213. 353. (Figs. 212, 213.) “ 522 CHOMACEI. 1558. Melampsora salicina. Lev. “ Willow Brand.” Summer-sporEs. Epiphyllous or hypophyllous, sori, or heaps of spores scattered, pale orange, bright orange, or cinereous. (June to August.) Ovato-globose, paraphyses capitate, rarely obovate.—Lecythea caprearum. Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Uredo cap- rearum, Eng. Fl. v. p. 385. U. epitea. Kze. Lec. epitea Ann. N.H. no. 477. Winter-spores. Sori epiphyllous, scattered or aggregate, at first yellowish tawny, then brownish, at length nearly black, bullate; spores oblong, closely packed, and laterally compressed. —Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 4, ser. vol. i. t. 7, f. 6-7. Cooke M.F.t.9, f. 191, 192. Cooke exs. no. 85. Cooke L.F.no. 49. On Salix viminalis and S.caprea. Common. Spores perfected in February. (Fig. 213, winter spores.) 1559. Melampsora betulina. Desm. “Birch Brand.” Summer-spores. Hypophyllous, sori bright yellow or orange, oblong, cylindrical, or obovate, truncate at the base, echinulate ; paraphyses encircling, or intermixed, obovate, smooth, hyaline. Uredo betulina. U. cylindrica. Eng. Fl. vy. p. 385 (partly.) Lecy- thea betulina. Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Winter-spores. Sori confluent, of an obscure brown in the winter, becoming of a bright orange when mature ; spores elon- gated, attenuated below, polygonal, ochraceous.—Lev. Ann. Se. Nat. Desm. exs. no. 1647. Lib, exs.no. 336. Cooke. M.F.t.9,f. 189,190. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vol. u.t. 7, f. 8,9. Cooke eas. no. 124. On leaves of Betula alba. Spores perfected in Jan. and Feb. (Fig. 212, winter spores.) 1560. Melampsora tremule. TZu/. ‘ Aspen Brand.” Summer-spores. Hypophyllous; sori punctiform, prominent, or papilleform, numerous; spores tawny-yellow, elliptical, or obovate; paraphyses slender.—Uredo cylindrica. Eng. Fl.v. p. 385, partly. Lecythea populina. Cooke M.F. p. 206, partly. Winter-spores. Sori scattered, at length blackish ; spores elongated, compressed, attenuated downwards, yellowish.—Tul. CHOMACEL 523 Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vol. ii. p. 95. Cooke M.F.p.214. Cooke eas. no. 84. Cooke L.F. no. 48. On leaves of Populus tremula. Common. Spores perfected during the winter. — 1561. Melampsora populina. Zev. ‘Poplar Brand.” Hypophyllous, epiphyllous, or amphigenous. SummER-spores. Spores yellow or orange, obovate-oblong, attenuated or truncate, echinulate, paraphyses obovate, capitate, or claviform, abundant in fully ripened sorii—Uredo longicap- sula D.C. U. cylindrica. Eng. Fl. v.p.385, partly. Lecythea populina. Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. p.206. Cooke exs. no. 83. Wrvter-sporses. Sori at first tawny-yellow, becoming black during the winter, swelling in the spring, and becoming of a cinnamon colour, on the upper surface of the leaves, roundish or oblong; spores prism-shaped, 5-6 together, yellowish, smooth.— Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 4. ser. vol. 2,t.7,f. 10. Cooke Micr. Fungi. pl. 1x. figs. 195,196. Cooke exs. no. 83. Cooke L.F'.no. 47. On leaves of Populus nigra. Common. Spores perfected in February. 1562. Melampsora euphorbie. Cast. “Spurge Brand.” Summer-spores. Hypophyllous; sori golden yellow, scat- tered, distinct, sometimes cauline; spores small, subglobose.— Uredo euphorbie. Eng. Fl. v. p. 385. Lecythea euphorbie. Lev. Ann. Se. Nat. Cooke M.F. p.206. Cooke exs. no.65. Berk. exs. no. 240. Winter-sporrs. Sori becoming black, small, roundish ; spores prismatic, membrane thickened above, dark-brown.— Tul. Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 4, vol.ii.p.100. Cooke M.F. pl. ix. figs. 1938, 194. On leaves and stems of Huphorbia helioscopia, H. exigua, and other species. Common- Melampsora padi. This name has been given by some author to a Melampsora, on leaves of Prunus padus, which we have once met with in Kent. It was noted at the time, but re- ference to the author and description was not made, hence it cannot be recorded here beyond the present notice. 7:2 524 CHOMACEI. cystorus, De Bary. Receptacle con- sisting of thick branched threads ; conidia concaten- ate, at length se- parating, oospores deeply seated on the mycelium.— (Figs. 214, 215.) Fig. 215, Fig. 214. 1563. Cystopus cubicus. Str. “Goat’s-beard White Rust.’’ Conidia unequal; terminal cell sterile, larger than the rest, membrane thickened, ochraceous, rarely yellowish; fertile cells shortly cylindrical ; membrane hyaline; oospores globose; epis- pore, brown, verrucose; warts hollow, round or irregular.— Cooke M.F. pl.x. figs. 201, 202,210. Cooke exs. no. 86. On Goat’s-beard, Salsify, Scorzonera, &e. Summer and antumn. Common. (Fig. 215.) 1564. Cystopus candidus. Jev. ‘Crucifer White Rust.” Conidia equal, globose; membrane equal, ochraceous ; oospores subglobose; epispore yellowish-brown, with irregular obtuse warts ; warts solid.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Berk. Outl. p. 334, partly. Eng. Fl. v.p. 384. Grev. t. 251. Moug. exs. no. 290. Cooke exs. no. 86. Cooke L.F’.no.46. Cooke M. F’. pl. x. figs. 198- 200, and 205-207. On shepherd’s purse, cabbages, horseradish, and other Cruci- fere, Summer. Common. (Tig. 214, conidia § oospore.) 1565. Cystopus lepigoni. De Ly. ‘ Sandwort White Rust.” Conidia unequal; terminal cell sterile, globose; membrane thickened; fertile cells subglobose or cylindrical; membrane CEOMACEIL, 525 hyaline; oospores globose, epispore brown, tubercles minute, irregular, very convex, often resembling spines.—Cooke M. F. p. 214. Cooke exs. no. 88. On Spergularia rubra. June.—Sept. 1566. Cystopus spinulosus. De Bary. “Thistle White Rust.” Conidia in time much elongated; sori erumpent, on both sur- faces of the leaves, white; oospores globose; epispore brown, tubercles minute, solid, very prominent, often acute and spinu- lose.— De Bary, Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1864, xx. p.133. Cooke exs. 20. 89. On Cirsium arvense. Sept. Gen. 179. UREDO, Lev. Stroma composed of little irregu- lar cells, forming a lentiform disk, whose surface is covered with many layers of cells, each of which en- closes a spore; spores simple, always without any appendage.— Berk. Outl. p. 331. (Fig. 216.) * Spores more or less yellow. 1567. Uredo potentillarum. D.C. “ Potentilla Uredo.” Spots yellowish; sori subrotund and oval, bullate, aggregate, open, confluent; spores subglobose, subcoherent, orange.—D.C. Fl. Fr.vi, p. 81. Eng. Fl.v.p. 382, partly. Cooke M.F. p. 204. Cooke exs. no. 120. Moug. exs. no. 91. On various Rosacee. Common. 1568. Uredo saxifragarum. D.C. “ Saxifrage Uredo.” Spots pallid; sori subrotund and oval, raised, scattered and aggregate on the under surface ; epidermis ruptured, persistent ; spores subglobose, yellow.—D.C. Fl. Fr. vi. p. 87. Eng. Fl.v.p. 381. Cooke. M.F. p. 204. On various Saifrages. 526 CHOMACEI. 1569. Uredo filicum. Desm. “ Fern Uredo.” Spots yellowish ; sori subrotund, bullate, scattered and aggre- gate on the under surface ; epidermis at length bursting ; spores subglobose, yellow.—Desm. exs. no. 530. Eng. Fl. v. p. 383. Cooke M.F’. p. 204. Sow.t. 820. Moug. exs. no. 289. Berk. exs. no. 339. On fronds of ferns (Cystopteris, &c.). 1570. Uredo pustulata. P. “ Willow-herb Uredo.” Spots yellowish ; sori subrotund, minute, closed, scattered and confluent on both surfaces; spores globose, yellow.—Pers. Syn. p. 219. Eng. Fl.v. p.3881. Cooke M.F. p.204. Cooke exs. no. 210. Cooke L.F. no. 29. On Epilobium palustre, &e. 1571. Uredo hypericorum. D.C. “St. John’s-wort Uredo.” Spots yellowish; sori subrotund, small, bullate, distinct, scat- tered on the under surface; epidermis at length bursting ; spores subglobose, cohering, orange.—D.C. Fl. Jr. vi. p. 81. Eng. Fl.v.p. 380. Cooke M.F.t. 8, f. 174, 175. Cooke exs.no. 118. Bact. exs.no. 42. On various species of Hypericum. August. 1572. Uredo caryophyllacearum. Johnst. “Stitch-wort Uredo.” Spots yellowish; sori subglobose, scattered and aggregate, minute, generally on the under surface ; epidermis closed; spores oval, at length yellow—Johnst. Fl. Berw. ii. p. 199. Eng. Fl. v- p.381. Cooke M.F. p. 204. Cookeexs.no. 60. Cooke L.F'.no. 30. On various Caryophyllacee. Autumn. 1573. Uredo quercus. Brond. “Oak-leaf Uredo.” On the under surface; sori yellow, then orange, minute, ovate, and orbicular, slightly prominent, scattered, solitary or agglomerated into minute patches, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis ; spores subglobose, pellucid, not cohering.—Lng. Fl. vy. p. 883. Cooke M. F.p. 205. Cooke exs. no. 281, Berk. exs.no. 239. On green oak leaves, Sept. We have always found it on young oak scrub the second year after it has been cut down, never on trees. ‘The sori are very much scattered, and but few on a leaf, fh Mies ae CHOMACEI. 527 1574. Uredo padi. ze. “Bird-cherry Uredo.” Spots purplish; sori subrotund, small, aggregate, hypo- genous; epidermis at length ruptured; spores coherent, sub- globose.—Kze. exs. no. 187. B. § Br. Ann, N.H. 1865, xv. p. 401, no. 1045. U. porphyrogenita. Link. Sp. ii. p. 81. Cooke M.F. p. 205. On leaves of Prunus padus. Scotland. 1575. Uredo vacciniorum. P. ‘ Bilberry Uredo.” Spots yellow-brown; sori subrotund, minute, aggregate, and scattered, on the under surface of the leaves; epidermis seldom ruptured ; spores ovoid, yellowish. Eng. Fl.v. p. 878. Lk. Sp. u.p.15. Cooke M.F.p.205. Cooke exs.no.119. On Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis-idea. . [ Low. Carolina. 1576. Uredo confluens. J.C. “Confluent Uredo.,” On the under surface, depressed, yellow, oblong, concentric, at length confluent; spores nearly oval.—D.C. Fl. Fr. i. p. 233. Eng. Fl. v.p. 383. Cooke. M.F.t. 7, f. 133,134. Cooke exs. no. 117. On Mercurialis perennis and M. annua. May. June. Com- mon. var. @ euonymi. Spots yellowish; sporidia ovoid and slightly coherent, tawny-yellow.— Wart. Fl. Mosq. p. 230. On leaves of Huonymus Huropeus. var. 3. orchidis. Spots reddish-brown; sporidia nearly oval, bright yellow.—Mart. Fl. Mosq. 229. Cooke exs, no. 61. Uredo confluens, y. Orchidis. Alb. § Sch. p.122. Uredo circinalis, a. Orchidis, Strauss. Wett. Ann. ii. 88. Caomaorchidum. Lk. Sp. PiU. p. 9. On leaves of Listera ovata and Orchis latifolia. 1577. Uredo empetri. D.C. “Crowberry Uredo.” Hypogenous; spots obliterated; sori oval, scattered, the epi- dermis at first convex, afterwards ruptured and concave; spo- ridia ovoid or subglobose, bright yellow.—D.C. Fl. Fr. vi. p. 87. Moug. exs. no. 391. Caeoma empetri. Lk. Sp. Pl.ii. p. 16. Cooke Seem. Journ. iv. p. 99. On Empetrum nigrum. May. N. Wales. 528 CHOMACEI. 1578. Uredo tropeoli. Desm. “Tropceolum Uredo.” Hypogenous; spots pale yellow; sori minute, roundish, scat- tered, or confiueut; sporidia ovoid or subglobose, orange.— Desm. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1836, vi. p. 243. Desm. ews. ed.i. no. 837, ed.ii.no. 37. Cooke Seem. Journ. iv. p. 97. On leaves of Tropeolum. Oct. 1579. Uredo allicrum. D.C. “ Garlic Uredo.” Spots obliterated; sori linear, oblong, and oval, on both sur- faces ; spores ovoid or subglobose, yellow or whitish.—D.C. Fl. Fry. vi. p. 82. Eng. Fl. v. p. 376, partly. Cooke M.F. p. 205. On various species of Allium. * * Spores brown. 1580. Uredo statices. Desm. ‘Sea Lavender Uredo.” Sori few and scattered, orbicular or oval; spores globose, brown.—Berk. Outl. p. 531. Cooke M.F. p. 205. On various species of Statice. 1581. Uredo bifrons. Grev. “Twin-faced Uredo.” On both surfaces of the leaves, often opposite, scattered, round, light-brown, girt with the remains of the epidermis ; spores globose.—Grev. Fl. ed. p. 435. Eng. Fl.v. p. 383. Cooke M.F.t.7.f. 137-1389. On Rumex acetosa and acetoselia. July.—Sept. Urepo circwm. A. g S. See Puccinia circee. Gen. 180. TRICHOBASIS, Lev. Spores free, attached at first to a short peduncle, caducous.—Berk. Outl. p. 3382. (Fig. 217.) It is very probable that none of the species here recorded under this genus are autonomous, but until this is satisfactorily Fig. 217. traced, they are included. Species known to be forms of other fungi are inserted there. CEHOMACEI. 529 * Spores yellow. ,’ 1582. Trichobasis glumarum. Jev. ‘“ Glume Rust.” Sori minute, round, scarcely convex, subgregarious, often con- fluent; spores globose or subovoid, orange, not pedicellate ; epispore smooth.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F.p.208. Berk. Outl. p. 332. On the glumes of Cereals. August. 1583. Trichobasis symphyti. Zev. “Comfrey Rust.” Sori minute, very numerous, scattered, roundish, then con- fluent; epidermis ruptured, scarcely conspicuous around the margin; spores subglobose, pallid orange.—LZev. Ann. Se. Nat. 1847. Cooke M.F’. p.208. Berk. Outl. p.332. Uredo symphyti. D.C. Fl. Fr.v. p. 87. Berk. exs.no.320. Ann. N.H. no. 475. | On Comfrey. May. 1584. Trichobasis pyrole. 2. “ Winter-green Rust.” Spots yellowish brown on the opposite side; sori globose, minute, scattered or aggregate, on the under surface; epidermis generally closed ; spores subglobose, yellow.—Berk. Outl.p. 332. Cooke M.F.p. 208. Uredo pyrole. Grev. Fl. ed. p. 440. Link. Sp. i. p. 15. On Pyrola rotundifolia, &e. 1585. Trichobasis petroselini. 2. “Parsley Rust.” Spots yellowish; sori subrotund and oval, confluent on both surfaces; epidermis at length ruptured; spores globose or sub- globose, occasionally obsoletely pedicellate, pale yellow.—Berk. Outl. p. 332. Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F.p.208. Cooke LF. no. 34. Uredo petroselint. D.C. Fl. Fr.ii. p.597. Eng. Fl.v. p. 379. U. ecidiiformis. Grev. Fl. ed. p. 441. On various Umbelliferw, as Smyrnium, Scandia, §-c. Most probably this is the Uredo form of Puccinia Smyrnii. * * Spores brown. 1586. Trichobasis oblongata. 2B. “Luzula Rust.” Spots oblong, often confluent, yellow-brown; sori elliptic, on both surfaces; epidermis closed; spores brown, obtuse at either Zz 5 530 CHOMACEI. extremity.— Berk. Outl. p.208. Cooke M.F. t. 7, f.158, 159. Uredo oblongata. Grev.t.12. Eng. Fl.v. p. 376. On Luzule. May.—dJuly. 1587. Trichobasis bete. Lev. “ Beet-leaf Rust.’ Spots yellow; heaps subrotund and oval, scattered and con- centric, on the upper surface; epidermis at length bursting; spores subglobose, shortly pedicellate, brown.—Berk. Outl. p. 208. Cooke M.F. p.209. Cooke exs.no.70. Uredo Bete. Pers. Syn. p.220. Eng. Fl.v. p.377. Berk. exs. no. 60. Cooke LF. no. 39. On leaves of Beta vulgaris. Aug. Sept. Common. 1588. Trichobasis suaveolens. Lev. “Thistle Rust.’ Spots obliterated, yellow on the opposite side; sorisubrotund, nearly plane, scattered, at length confluent, on the under sur- face, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores globose, brown.— Berk. Outl.p.208. Cooke M.F.t.7, f.151,153. Cooke exs.no.73. De Bary Brandpilze,t.ii. f. 1-4. Urede suaveolens. Pers. Syn. p.221. Eng. Fl. v. p. 379. On leaves of Cnieus arvensis, &c. Summer. Common. It generally covers the whole under surface of the leaves, and has a pecu- liar odour, more or less strong. 1589. Trichobasis geranii. £2. “Geranium Rust.” Spots yellowish ; sori subrotund, nearly plane, scattered or confluent ; spores subglobose, brown.—Berk. Outl. p. 208. Cooke M.F.p.210. Uredo geranii. D.C. Fl. Fr.vi.p.73. Grev. t. 8. Eng.Fl.v.p. 3880. Sow. t. 398, f. 5. On yarious geraniums. 1590. Trichobasis nyilrocoty hee) Cooke. ‘ Fluke-wort ust.” Without definite spots ; sori chiefly on the upper, sometimes on the under surface, scattered, variable, roundish, erumpent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis ; spores subglobose, at length brown; epispore rough with minute tubercles.—Cooke Seem. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 344, MF. p. 209, t. 8, f. 168, 169. Cooke exs.no. 69. Uredo Hydrocotyles. Bertero. Mont. Fl. Fernand. no, 59, Fl. Chil. viii. p.50. Ann, Se. Nat. 1835, Mont. Syll. p. 315. Desm. exs. no. 2123. Rav. Fung. Car. Cooke L.F’. no. 44. On LZydrocotyle vulgaris. July.—Sept. [S. Carolina. ] CHOMACEI. 531 1591. Trichobasis parnassie. (Cooke. “ Grass of Parnassus Rust.” On both surfaces of the leaves; sori at first bullate, at length rupturing the epidermis, scattered, often confluent; spores glo- bose or nearly so, rather large, tawny brown.—Cooke Seem. Journ. Bot.ii. p. 844. Cooke M.F. p. 210. Cooke eas. no. 74. Uredo parnassie. West. Bull. de Brux. xix. no. 87. Herb. Crypt. Belge.no. 676. Ann. N.H. no. 1046. On Parnassia palustris. Sept. Norfolk. TRICHOBASIS RUBIGO-VERA. Lev. TRICHOBASIS LINEARIS. Lev. Tricnospasis sENEcIONIS. Berk. See Puccinia glomerata. Tricuopasis caricinA. Berk. See Puccinia striola. TricHopasis scinLarum. Berk. See Uromyces concentrica. TRICHOBASIS CICHORACEARUM. Lev. See Puccinia composi- tarum. TRICHOBASIS ARTEMISIZ. Berk. See Puccinia discoi- dearum. TRICHOBASIS LABIATARUM. Lev. See Puccinia menthe. TrICHOBASIS LycHNIDEARUM. Lev. See Puccinia lychni- dearum. TRICHOBASIS UMBELLATARUM. Lev. See Puccinia umbelli- Serarum. TRICHOBASIS HERACLEI, Berk. See Puccinia heraclei. TricHopasis FABE. Lev. See Puccinia fabe. TricHoBasis GAL. Lev. See Puccinia galiorum. TricHoBasis PoLyconoruM. Berk. See Puccinia polygo- norum. TricHOBASIS vINcm. Berk. See Puccinia vince. -Tricnopasis viotarum. Berk. See Puccinia violarum. Tricnopasis EPILOBIL. Berk. See Puccinia pulverulenta. \ See Puccinia graminis. Gen. 181. LECYTHEA, Lev. Stroma surrounded or sprinkled with elongated abortive spores. Spores free, invested with their mother cell, or con- catenate.— Berk. Outl. p. 354. a. Spores free. 1592. Lecythea mixta. cv. “ Orange Willow Rust.” Spots yellow; sori subrotund, aggregate, confluent, effuse, permanently surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores ob- 532 CEHOMACEI. long and pyriform, orange.—Zev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, p. 374. Ann. N.H.no.478. Cooke M.F. p. 206. Caeoma mixtum. Link. Berk. exs. no. 120. On both surfaces of the leaves of willows. 1593. Lecythea saliceti. Zev. “Common Willow Rust.’” Spots yellowish; sori subrotund, solitary, or in circles, sur- rounded by the ruptured epidermis; barren spores subglobose and pedicellate or pyriform, fertile spores subglobose, orange.— Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. p. 207. Berk. Outl. p. 334. Uredo saliceti. Eng. Fl. v. p. 385. On the under surface of willow leaves. Common. 1594. Lecythea Baryi. erk. “ De Bary’s rust.” Sori few; cystidia with an abrupt globose head ; spores sub- globose.—Berk. Ann. N.H.755. Cooke. M.F. p. 207. Berk. Outl. p. 334, Epitea. de Bary Brandt. A, f. 4. On leaves of Brachypodium pennatum. Rare. Gopsal. 1595. Lecythea valeriane. Jerk. ‘Valerian Rust.” Spots yellowish; sori subrotund, small, confluent, sometimes circinating ; epidermis at length bursting; spores reddish- brown, subglobose, or clavate, shortly pedicellate—JZev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F.p.207. Cooke exs. no. 63. Berk. Outl. p. 334. Cooke L. F.no.32. Uredo valeriane. D. C.F. Fr.v. p. 68. Berk. exs.no.349. Ann. N.H.no. 474. Ov Valeriana officinalis. August. c. Spores concatenate—(Podosporium. Ley.) 1596. Lecythea lini. Zev. “Flax Rust.” Spots yellowish; sori subrotund, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores globose or pyriform, sometimes pedicellate —Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. t. 8, f. 165-167. Berk. Outl. p. 334. Uredolini. D.C. Fl. Fr. ii. p. 234. Moug. exs. no. 90. Grev, t. 31. Eng. Fl. v. p. 384. Desm. exs. no. 675. Be exs.no. 118. On Linum catharticum. July. Lecyrnra rusporum. Lev. See Phragmidium bulbosum. ACIDIACEI. 530 LecyTHea ros#. Lev. See Phragmidium mucronatum. LecytHea porunina. Lev. See Melampsora populina. LecyTHEA EUPHORBIZ. Lev. See Melampsora euphorbie. LecytHea EpitEA. Lev. See Melampsora salicina. Lecytuea ayrosa. Lev. See Phragmidium gracile. LecyTHEA CAPREARUM. Lev. See Melampsora salicina. Order XVII. ACIDIACETL. Peridium distinctly cellular.—Berk. Outl. p. 336. Peridium single. Elongated. Separatingin threads . - : > : . Restelia. Rupturing irregularly . : : - : - Peridermium. Abbreviated, or semi-immersed . : : : - Alcidium. Immersed. : . - . - . ° - Endophyllum. Peridium double, sessile . . . «. «© ++ «+ Graphiola, Gen. 182. RESTELIA, Reb. Peridium elongated, at length opening by lateral fissures, or a terminal lacerated mouth. Sper- mogones on the opposite surface, on the same or on different leayes. (Fig. 218.) 1597. Reestelia cancellata. Reb. ‘“ Pear-leaf Reestelia.” Sprrmoconss. Spots yellow or orange, with bluntish conical projections, which are at length blackish; spermatia minute, oozing out at the apex, like an orange jelly —Myxosporium col- liculosum. Berk. Outl. p. 325. Sow. t. 409. Prorosrores. Spots yellow, then red, prominent; peridia split to the base into lacine, which remain united at the apex, on the same or on different leaves as the Spermogones.—Reb. Fl. Neom. p. 330. Cooke M.F.t. 2, f. 20,21. Seem. Journ. ti. p. 33. Cooke exs. no. 832. Fekl. exs.no. 283. _ Berk, exs.no.58. Kunze. 534 ACIDIACEI. exs.no. 84. Sow.t.410. Eng. Fl.v. p. 378. Moug. exs. no. 184. Kl. exs. no.97. Gard. Chron. 1862, p. 689. On pear leaves. Autumn. [ Maine, U.S.7 The Podisoma sabine is related to this plant, according to Cirsted, as one of its forms—see no. 1517. ante. 1598. Restelia cornuta. Tul. ‘ Horn-like Reestelia.” Spermocones. Spots rusty-brown, usually distinct from the tufts of peridia ; spermatia white. Protospores. Spots rusty-brown; peridia cylindrical, shightly curved, yellowish-brown; spores greyish, at length brown.—Cooke M.F’ t.2, 7.18, 19. Cooke exs. no. 1. Fckl. exs. no.284. Seem. Journ.ii. p. 33. Kl. exs.no. 96. Aicid, cornutum. Eng. Fl.v. p. 873. Sow. t.3819. Grev. t.180. Moug. ews. no. 188. On the under surface of the leaves of the mountain ash (Pyrus aucuparia.) August. Not common. (Fig. 218, enlarged.) 1599. Reestelia lacerata. Zul. “Fringed Restelia.” SPERMOGONES. Protospores. Peridia clustered in tufts, brown, elongated, splitting to the base in segments; spores light brown.— Cooke MF .t.2, f.22-26. Cooke es.no.2. Fckl. exs. no. 286. Berk. exs.no.111. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 33. Gard. Chron. 1861, p. 336. Cooke L.F.no.50. Acid. laceratum. Sow.t.818. Eng. Fl.v. p. 373. Grev. t.209. Rav. exs. v. no. 96. On the under surface of the leaves, and on the petioles and fruit of theeHawthorn. Common. May to July. [New York, &c.] This species is said also to be in some manner associated with Podisoma Juniperi—see no. 1516. ante. Gen. 183. PERIDERMIUM, Chey. Peridium elongated, at length bursting irregularly. Spermo- gonia scattered, conspicuous.— (Fig. 219.) b. Fig. 219. a ea ZCIDIACEI. 535 1600. Peridermium pini. Chev. “Scotch fir Peridermium.,’ SrermMocones. Vernal or autumnal, or both; spermatia large, white. Protospores. Peridia oblong, scattered, large; spores orange, abundant.—Cooke M.F.t.2, f. 27,28. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 34. Fekl. exs. no. 288. Aicidium pint. Eng. Fl.v. p. 374. Grev. t.7. Moug. exs. no.186. Rav. exs. i. no. 93. On leaves and young branches of Scoth fir. Summer. (Fig. 219, a. nat size, 6, magnified.) 1601. Peridermium elatinum. JZ. “Silver Fir Perider- mium.” SPERMOGONES. Protospores. Simple, immersed; peridia elliptic, pallid; sporidia orange.—Kze. ews. no.141. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 34. Cooke M.F.p.190. Fekl. exs. no. 290. On silver fir, altering both foliage and ramification. Not common. 1602. Peridermium columnare. 4.&S. “Columnar Peridermium.” SPERMOGONES. Prorospores. Simple, slender, naked, cylindrical, elongated, lacerated at the apex, white; spores orange.—A. ¢ S. Consp. 121, 4.5, f,4. Kee. exs. no.10. Cooke M. F. 2nd. ed. p. 228. Cooke exs. no. 214. On Picea. Sept. Near Torquay. Gen. 184. ZZCIDIUM, Pers. Peridium seldom elongated, opening by a terminal mouth, surrounded by a fringe of re- curved teeth, or when short bursting irregularly. Spores dis- posed in chains. Spermogonia on the same or the opposite sur- Fig. 220. face, clustered or scattered, cen- tral or intermixed.—(Fig. 220.) 536 CIDIACET. Szct. I—Peridia scattered (not collected in tufts or clusters), 1603. #Ecidium leucospermum. J.C. ‘“ White-spored Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES. Protosporrs. Spots yellowish; peridia scattered, often covering the whole under surface; spores white, ovate-—D.C. Fl. Fr. p.239. Berk. exs.no. 226. Seem. Journ. i. p. 34. Cooke M.F.t.1,f.4-6. Cooke exs.no.3. Fckl. exs.no.1930. Eng. FI. v.p. 371. Moug.exs.no.185. Basxt. exs. no. 89. Berk. exs. no. 226. Lycoperdon anemones. Pult. Linn. Trans. ii. p.311. On both sides of leaves of Anemone nemorosa. June. Com- mon. 1604. fEcidium quadrifidum. D.C. “ Four-lobed Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES. Prorosporres. Spots brownish; peridia scattered, occupying almost the entire under surface; spores brown, subglobose.— D.C. Fl. Fr.vi. p.90. Eng. Fl. v .p.371. Seem. Journ. i. p. 34. Cooke M.F. p. 190. Cooke exs. no. 101. Berk. exs. no. 227. On the under surface of leaves of Anemone, in gardens. April. May. The lobes at the mouth of the peridium are not constantly four. 1605. ZEcidium albescens. (Grev. ‘“ Moschatel Cluster Cups.’’ SPERMOGONES. Protospores. Leaf blistered, whitish, scattered; peridia white, split into a few large teeth ; spores yellowish-white— Grev. Fl. ed. p. 444. Eng. Fl. v. p. 872. Desm. exs. no. 555. Seem. Journ. ii. p.34. Cooke M.F. p. 190. On leaves and petioles of Adoxa moschatellina. April. 1606. ZEcidium epilobii. D.C. ‘ Willow-herb Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES. Prorospores. Spots obliterated; peridia scattered, at length oval, wider above; spores orange, at length brown.—D.C. Fl. Fr.ii. p. 238. Eng. Fl. v. p.372. Seem Journ. ii. p. 35. Cooke M.F. p.190. Cooke exs.no.4. Eckl. exs,no.1927,. Berk, exs. no, 348. Cooke LF. no, 52, MCIDIACEI, bse On the under surface of leaves of Hpilobium hirsutum, E. mon- tanum,and E. palustre. June—Aug. Common. — [Cincinnati. ] 1607. ZEcidium thesii. Desm. ‘“ Bastard-toad flax Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES. Prorospores. Spots obliterated; peridia scattered or bise- riate, short, cylindrical, margin irregularly toothed, erect ; spores yellowish, then dingy.—Cooke M.F.t. 3. f. 50, 51. B. & Br. Ann. N.H.no. 1048. Berk. exs. no. 318. On Thesium humufusum. May.—Oct. 1608. ZEcidium soldanelle. Hornsh. “Soldanella Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES. Protospores. Spots obliterated ; peridia solitary, scattered over the inferior surface; spores orange.—Moug. exs. no. Eng. Fl. yv. p. 369. Seem. Journ.ii.p.35. Cooke M.F’.p.191. On leaves of Soldanella alpina. Botanic Garden, Glasgow. 1609. ZEcidium tragopogonis. fers. ‘“Goat’s-beard Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES, Protospores. Spots obliterated; peridia scattered, torn, wider above; spores orange, at length black.—Pers. Syn. p. 211. Eng. Fl.v. p. 370. Sow.t. 397, f. 2. Moug. exs. no. 388. Seem. Journ. ii. p.35. Cooke M.F.t.i. f. 1-8. Cooke exs. no. 5. Cooke L.F. no. 51. On stems, leaves and involucres of goat’s-beard. May. June. Common. 1610. ZEcidium euphorbie. Pers. “Spurge Cluster Cups,” Spermogones. Preceding the peridia, on the same or dif- ferent leaves. Prorospores. Spots obliterated, leaf thickened ; peridia scattered or crowded, distinct; spores orange.—Pers. Syn. p. 211. Eng. Fl.v.p. 374. Moug. exs.no. 87. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 35. Cooke M.F. p.191. Cooke exs.no.6. Fekl. exs. no. 279. Berk. exs. no. 229. On the under surface of leaves of spurge. May. June. Common. [ United States, ] 538 ZCIDIACEI. i611. Ecidium dracontii. Schwein. “ Arum Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES. Protospores. Spots pallid, extensively scattered over the leaves, sometimes nearly covering them ; peridia Jarge, scattered, abundant, disposed without order on the spots; spores orange. Schwz. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1834. Seem. Journ. ti. p. 41. Cooke M.F. p.194. On leaves of Arum triphyllum in gardens. Rare. [ United States. ] Dr. Curtis refers this to Heidium ari. B. but we think erroneously. Sect. 2. Peridia in tufts or clusters. a. Elongate. 1612. ZEcidium berberidis. Pers. ‘ Berberry Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES. Protospores. Spots roundish, bright red; subiculum thickened ; peridia in subrotund or oval patches, often elon- gated; spores orange.—Pers. Syn. p. 209. Eng. Fl. v. p. 372. Sow. t. 397, f.5. Moug. exs.no.86. Grev.t.97. Kl. exs.no. 95. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 35. Cooke M.F.t.1, f. 7-9. Kze. exs. no. 14. Fckl. exs. no. 278. On leaves, peduncles, and fruit of berberry. May.—July. Common. [ United States. ] (Fig. 220, enlarged.) Said to be a condition of the corn mildew—Puccinia graminis—see No. 1462. ante. 1613. JEcidium crassum. fers. ‘Buckthorn Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES. Prorospores. Spots yellow-brown, subiculum thickened ; peridia crowded into a roundish heap, at first globose, yellow, at length open; spores orange.—Pers. Syn. p. 208. Eng. Fl. v. p. 873. Pers. Ic. § Desc. t.10,f.1,2. Moug. exs. no. 89. Seem. Journ. ii.p. 36. Cooke M.F’.p.191. Cooke exs.no.7. Eckl. exs. no.277. Berk. exs. no. 110. Cooke L.F. no. 53. Aicid. rhamni. Pers. Obs. t.2, f. 4. On Rhamnus catharticus and R. frangula, Common. [ United States. ] ACIDIACEI. 539 var. B. phillyree. Spots obliterated.—Mcidium phillyree. eC. Fl. Fr. vi. p. 96. On leaves and young shoots of Phillyrea. Chichester. var. y. periclymeni. D.C. Spots variegated, yellow and brown.— Acidium periclymeni. D.C. Fl. Fr.ii.p.597, Eng. Fl. y.p.370. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 36. CookeM.F. p. 191. Cooke ews. no. 102. Fekl. exs.no.276. Cooke L.F.no. 54. On leaves of honeysuckle. June.—August. p- Poculiforme. 1614. ZEcidium calthe. Grev. “Marsh Marigold Cluster Cups.” : SPERMOGONES. Prorospores. Aggregate ; peridia somewhat campanulate, with numerous minute marginal teeth; spores bright orange, subglobose or oval.—Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 446. Eng. Fl. v. p. 371. Seem. Journ. ii. p.386. Cooke M.F.p. 191. ; On leaves and petioles of Caltha palustris. Spring. Rare. Margin of peridia pale and brittle.—Girev. 1615. ZEcidium ranunculacearum. J.C. ‘“ Crowfoot Cluster Cup.” Sprrmoconss. Preceding the peridia, or simultaneous, and occupying the centre of the clusters; spermatia minute. Prorospores. Spots obliterated; subiculum thickened ; peridia in irregular heaps, densely crowded together; spores orange.— D.C. Fl. Fr. vi. p. 97. Sow.t. 397, f.2. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 36. Cooke M.F.t.2, f.12,14. Cooke exs. no. 8. F'ckl. exs. no. 263-265. Cooke L.F.no. 55. On leaves of various Ranunculacee. Spring. Common. [ Mid. Carolina. | var. 4. aquilegie. Clusters small, scattered—cid. aqui- legia. Pers. Ic. Pict. iv. t. 23, f. 4. On leaves of columbine. Shere. var. 3. clematidis. Spots brownish.—D.C. Fl. Fr. ii. p. 243. Rabh. FE. no, 284. On leaves, &c., of Clematis vitalba. [Low. & Mid. Carolina. ] 540 ACIDIACET. var. Y. thalictri. Grev. Clusters roundish ; peridia oblong. —Fckl. exs. no. 265. Alcidium thalictri.. Grev. t.4. Eng. Fl. v. p. 371. Seem. Journ. ii. p.385,. Cooke M.F.p.191. On leaves of Thalictrum minus, alpinum, &e. The form on leaves of Ranunculus ficaria is one of the earliest of spring fungi in making its appearance. 1616. ZEcidium galii. Pers. ‘ Bed-straw Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Protospores. Spots linear or oblong, obscurely brown ; peridia scattered, rarely aggregate, dentate, whitish ; spores ege-yellow.—Pers. Syn. p.207. Berk. Ann. N.H.no. 490. Seem. Journ. ti. p. 87. Cooke M.F’. t. 2, f. 15-17. Cooke exs. no. 9. Fekl. exs.no.280. On leaves of Galium verum and G. mollugo. 1617. 4Ecidium bunii. D.C. “ Pig-nut Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Protospores. Spots obliterated; subiculum thickened; peridia in irregular subrotund or oval heaps; spores orange.— D.C. Fl. Fr. vi. p.96. Eng. Fl.v. p. 370. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 37. Cooke M.F.p.192. Fekl. exs. no. 1928. On Bunium bulbocastanum and Pimpinella saxifraga. Spring. var. 3. poterii. Cooke. Peridia circinating or scattered. Aicidium poterti. Cooke Seem. Journ. ii. p.39,t. 14. f.3. Cooke MET, p.193; On leaves and petioles of Poterium sanguisorba. May. June. Darenth. 1618. JEcidium valerianacearum. Duby. “ Valerian Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Protosporres. Hypogenous, rarely cauline; spots on a thick- ened subcircular or oblong base; peridia scattered, more or less crowded, cup-shaped, tawny, margin erect, denticulate; spores dirty yellow.—Duby. Syn. p. 908. Hing. Fl.v.p. 370. Seem. Journ. ii.p.37. Cooke M.F’. p. 192. Cooke exs.no.103. Fckl. exs. no. 273. Cooke L.F. no. 56. On Valeriana officinalis and V. dioica. AXCIDIACET, 541 1619. #Ecidium asperifolii. Pers. ‘“ Borage Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Prorospores. Clusters subrotund, on a slightly thickened subiculum; peridia scattered; spores orange.—Pers. Syn. p. 208. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 255. Seem. Journ. il. p.37. Cooke M.F.p.192. Cooke exs.no.325. Fckl. exs. no. 274. On leaves of various Boraginacee. Summer. The parts of the leaves on which it occurs are rendered concave on one side and convex on the other. 1620. 4Ecidium grossularie. D.C. “Gooseberry Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Protosporrs. Spots yellow, bright red on the opposite side, with a yellow border; peridia crowded in roundish heaps, at length brown, and surrvunded with a brown area; spores orange.—D.(. Fl. Fr. vi. p.92. Grev.t.62. Eng. Fl v.p. 372. Moug. exs.no.287. Seem. Journ. i. p.37. Cooke M.F’. p. 192. Cooke exs. no. 10. On leaves and fruit of gooseberry and currant. May. June. Common. [ Pennsylvania. | Very variable in the frequency of its occurrence. Some seasons it is very common ; in others scarce a specimen can be found. 1621. ZEcidium urtice. D.C. “ Nettle Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Prorospores. Spots obliterated; subiculum thickened; peridia disposed in elongated or subrotund heaps, at first sub- globose, then gaping; spores orange.—D.C. Fl. Fr. ii. p. 2438. fing. Fl.v. p. 374. Moug.exs.no.389. Desm. exs.no. 676. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 387. Cooke M.F.t.1,f.10,11. Cooke exs. no. 11. Fckl. exs. no. 281. Berk. exs.no.112. On leaves and stems of nettles, distorting them very much, June. Common. [ Mid. Carolina. ] 1622. #Ecidium behenis. D.C. “Bladder-campion Cluster Cups.” Spermogongs? Prorosrorres. Spots yellow, brown on opposite side; peridia somewhat circinating, in subrotund heaps; spores brown.— D.C. Fl. Fr. vi. p. 94. Eng. Fl. v. p. 8372. Bact. exs. no. 90. 542 ACIDIACEL, Seem. Journ. i. p. 87. Cooke M.F. p.192. Fekl. exs. no. 1542. Berk. exs. no. 340. On Bladder Campion (Silene inflata.) Rare. Some of the peridia are short and open, others larger and closed. 1623. ZEcidium orobi. D.C. “ Bitter-vetch Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES. Protospores.—Spots yellow, effused ; peridia scattered, and disposed in small heaps; spores orange, at length white.—D.C. Fl. Fr. vi. p. 95. Eng. Fl. v. p. 3874. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 38. Cooke MF. p.192. Fckl. exs. no. 267. On stems and leaves of Orobus tuberosus. May. 2. Sub-immerse. 1624. 4Ecidium compositarum. Mart. “Composite Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Protospores. Spots purplish, subrotund, confluent above; peridia crowded, in orbicular patches, or circinating, on the under surface; spores orange, oval.— Wart. Erl.p. 314. Berk. exs. no. | 322. Eng. Fl.v. p.3870. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 38. Cooke M. F.p. | 192. On various Composite. [ United States. ] var. d. Taxaxaci. Grey. Clusters small, scattered.—Z. Taraxact. Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 444. On leaves of the dandelion. June to July. var. b. Prenanthis. Pers. Spots circular or irregular, pur- plish ; subiculum incrassated.—. prenanthis. Pers. Syn.p. 208. On leaves of Hawkweed (Hieracium paludosum). Summer. var. €. Tussilaginis. Pers. Clusters round, on a thickened base; peridia circinating —. Tussilaginis. Pers. Syn. 209. Sow. t.397, f.1. Moug. exs.no. 88. Cooke exs.no. 12. Eckl. exs. no. 270. Cooke L.F’. no. 58. On the under surface of leaves of Coltsfoot and Butterbur. Common. Autumn. var. d. Jacobee, Grev. Pustular, soon becoming agglo- merated, numerous, depressed; peridia splitting into short, brittle, yellowish-white teeth —. Jacobee. Grev. ECIDIACEI. 543 On leaves of Senecio Jacobea and Sonchus arvensis. June to August. var. @. Lapsani. Purt. Spots purplish, irregular, con- fluent, on both sides of the leaves; peridia amphigenous, in irregular patches or scattered, not prominent, teeth numerous, minute, reflexed; spores yellow, oval—2#. lapsant. Purt. M.S.S. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 38, t. 14, f.2. Cooke exs.no.13, Fckl. exs. no.271. On both surfaces of the leaves of Lapsana communis. April. var. f. bellidis. D.C. Berk. exs. no. 225. Cooke L.F’. no. 57. Cooke exs. no. 327. On leaves of common Daisy. 1625. ZEcidium sanicule. Carm. ‘“Sanicle Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Prorospores. Spots purplish, slightly incrassated, small, scattered, roundish ; peridia in small circinate clusters, hypo- genous, and on the petioles, at first hemispherical, at length open, margin with from 4 to 6 spreading lobes; spores yellowish, elliptical— Cooke Seem. Journ. ii. p. 39, t.14, f.1. Cooke II.F’. p. 192. Cooke exs.no. 14. On leaves and petioles of Sanicula Europea. May. June. 1626. JEcidium violz. Schum. “Violet Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONEs ? ProtosporEs. Spots yellowish; peridia in irregular heaps, seriate and scattered; spores orange, at length brown.—Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 444. Eng. Fl.v.p.372. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 39. Cooke M.F. p. 193. Cooke exs.no.104. Feckl. exs.no.275. Berk. exs. no. 228. On leaves, petioles, and sepals of violets. May. June. Common. [ United States. ] 1627. ZZcidium geranii. D.C. “Cranesbill Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Prorospores. Spots yellow and purple; peridia in circi- nating clusters; spores yellow, at length brown.—D.C. Fl. Fr. vi. p.93. Eng. Fl. v. p.3871. Seem. Journ.ii.p.40. Cooke M.F. p.193. Cooke exs.no. 107. On the under surface of leaves of Geranium pratense and G,. dissectum. [S. Carolina. ] 544 ZCIDIACEI. 1628. 4Ecidium menthe. D.C. “Mint Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Protospores. Spots obliterated; subiculum thickened; peridia scattered, emersed, or aggregate and immersed; spores orange, elliptic.—D.C. Fl. Fr. vi. p. 95. Eng.Fl. v.p. 3870. Seem. Journ.i.p.40. Cooke M.F. p.193. On various mints. 1629. 4Ecidium scrophularie. D.C. “ Figwort Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Protosporres. Spots yellowish; peridia in roundish circi- nate clusters (rarely scattered) on the under surface; spores whitish, becoming tawny.—D.C. Fl. Fr. vi.p. 91. Ayres. exs. no. 21. Seem. Journ.ii. p.40. Cooke M.E. p.198. Cooke exs. no. 209. On the leaves of Scrophularia aquatica. June. 1630. ZEcidium pedicularis. Lobosch. ‘“ Red-rattle Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Prorospores. Spots obliterated; subiculum thickened ; peridia thickly and irregularly clustered, sub-immersed ; spores dirty, pallid orange.—Lk. Sp. ii. p.47. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 254. Cooke M.F. p. 194. Lob. Act. Soc. Mose. v. 76, t. 5, f. 1. Seem. Journ.u. p. 40. Cooke exs. no. 105. On Pedicularis palustris. Sept. 1631. fEcidium primule. D.C. “ Primrose Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Prorosporgs. Spots obliterated; peridia solitary, scattered, and crowded, hypogenous; spores whitish-yellow.—D.C. Fl. Fr. vi. p.90. Eng. £l.v.p.369. Seem. Journ. ii.p.40. Cooke MF. p. 194. Cooke exs. no. 296. Berk. exs. no. 341. On the under surface of leaves of primroses. May. 1632. ZEcidium rubellum. /e7s. “ Dock Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Prorosporns. Spots purple; peridia circinating; centre free; spores yellowish-white-—Lng. Fl. v.p. 369. Moug. ews. no. 286. Sow.t.405, Purt. iii. t.26. Seem, Journ. ii. p.40. Cooke ECIDIACEI. 545 M.F.p.194. Cooke exs.no.15. Fekl. exs.no. 1664. Cooke LF. no. 99. On leaves of dock, rhubarb, and sorrel. May. June. [ United States. ] var. (3. aviculaxe. Kunze. Without definite spots. On leaves of Polygonum aviculare. Winchester. We have seen only one specimen of this variety, received from Mr. F, J. Warner, and from that would be disposed to regard it as a distinct species, but have not done so on the faith of a single specimen, 1633. ZEcidium ari. Berk. Wake-robin Cluster Cups.” SPERMOGONES ? Prorospores. Spots round, confluent; peridia circinating, not crowded, central ones abortive —Eng. Fl. v. p. 369. Seem. Journ. ii. p.41. Cooke M.F. p. 194. On leaves of Arum maculatum. June. July. Rare. [ United States. | 1634. #Ecidium allii. Grev. “ Garlic Cluster Cups.” Spermocones. Preceding the peridia on the same or on different leaves; spermatia minute, white. Prorospores. Spots pale; peridia circinating, not con- tiguous ; spores yellowish.—Grev. Fl. Ed. p.447. Eng. Fl. v. p. 369. Seem. Journ.ii. p.41. Cooke M.F. p.194. Cooke exs.no. 16. On leaves of Allium ursinum. June. July. 1635. ZEcidium orchidearum. Jiedi. “ Orchis Cluster Cup. Sprrmocones. Sometimes occupying the centre of the tufts. Prorospores. Spots large, pallid, orbicular or elongated ; peridia circinating, semi-immersed; spores golden-yellow.— Cooke M.F. 2d. ed. p. 223. Cooke exs.no. 106. Kl. exs. no. 1690. On Orchis latifolia. June. Gen. 185. ENDOPHYLLUM, Ley. Peridium enclosed within the substance of the leaf, bursting irregularly. 2A 546 ZCIDIACET. 1636. Endophyllum sempervivi. ev. ‘ Houseleek Endophyllum.” Peridia immersed, elliptic or roundish ; spores ochraceous, be- coming brownish.—Uredo sempervivi. A. § S. p. 126. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 476. Seem. Journ. ii. p.41. Cooke M.F. p.194. On leaves of houseleek. Rare. Warwickshire. Gen. 186. GRAPHIOLA, Poit. Peridium sessile, ovate, double, exterior compact, coriaceous; in- terior membranaceous, incised, longer than the exterior, giving rise to fascicles of, erect, long, simple threads; spores copious, minute, globose.—Corda. Anl. p. 74. (Fig. 221.) 1637. Graphiola phenicis. Poit. “‘ Date Palm Graphiola.” Outer peridium hard, blackish; inner peridium membrana- ceous, fugitive; spores yellow.—Poiteau. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1824, p. 473, t. 26, f. 2. Ann. N.H. no. 1049. Chev. Fl. Par. t. 2, f.1. Bail. t.18. Corda. Anl.t. C. f.26, no. 5-8. Desm. exs. no. 436. Rav. exs. iv. no. 72. On palm leaves in conservatories. [ Texas. ] (Fig. 221.) ISARIACEI, 547 FAMILY IV. HYPHOMYCETES. Filamentous. Fertile threads naked, for the most part free, especially above, or loosely compacted, simple or branched, bearing the spores at their apices, rarely more closely packed, so as to form a distinct common stem.—Berk. Outl. Ds Gabon Fertile threads compacted, sometimes cellular Stem or stroma compound Spores dry, volatile ; i P 5 Tsariacet. Mass of spores moist, diffluent F Stelbacez. Fertile threads free or anastomosing Fertile threads dark, carbonized Spores mostly compound ., , - Dematier. Fertile threads not carbonized Very distinct Spores mostly simple ¢ - Mucedines. Scarcely distinct from mycelium Spores profuse . : : - Sepedoniez. Order XVIII. ISARIACEI. Threads more or legs compacted, plants assuming hymeno- mycetous forms.—Berk. Outl. p. 338. Receptacle elongated. Tips free Tsaria. Floccose : - : 4 : é . Dilated above. - 5 ; : 5 - Anthina, Receptacle branched Subgelatinous , F F 3 2 : Ceratiwm. Receptacle clavate Dusted with the spores . - + « Pachnocybde. Some of the species formerly included in this order are now known to be conidiiferous states of higher forms, Many others are suspected. 2. 2-9 548 ISARIACEI, Gen. 187. ISARIA, Fr. Receptacle elongated, floccose, without any distinct heads. Tips of threads only free.— Berk. Outl. p. 838. (Fig. 222.) 1638. Isaria felina. /7. ‘ Cat’s Isaria.” Cespitose, elongated, filiform, branched, white, internally solid, filamentose ; sporife- rous stratum lax, farinaceous.—Fr. S.M. ii. p. 271. Chev. Jour. Ph. 1822,¢.1, 7.5. Bog Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1050. Fig. 222. On cat’s dung in cellars. Jan. London. The specimens found were mixed with Mucor phycomyces. TsARIA FARINOSA. Fr. is a condition of Yorrubia militaris. Tul. (Fig. 222.) 1639. Isaria arachnophila. Ditm. “Spider Isaria.” Sub-ceespitose, clavate, simple, white ; generally pubescent or pulverulent, conidia in moniliform threads.—F’r, S.M. ii. p. 278. Sturm. t.55. Berk. Ann. N.H.no.117. Bisch. f. 3769. On dead spiders. Colleyweston. This is not an autonomous species, but the conidia of some Torrubia. 1640. Isaria brachiata. Schwm. “ Branched Isaria.” Gregarious, rigid, becoming smooth at the base, very much branched; branches slender, patent, straight, white—/r. SM. iii.p.279. Batsch. f.163. Berk. Mag. Zool. § Bot.no. 30. FI. Dan. t. 2280, 7.38. Kl. ews. no. 1426. Fckl. exs.no. 169. On dead herbaceous stems. March. [Mid. Carolina. | 1641. Isaria cityina. P. ‘‘ Lemon-coloured Isaria.” Gregarious, very much branched, soft, everywhere pilose, lemon-coloured, whitish at the tips.—/r. S.M/. iii. p. 279. Berk. Mag. Zool. § Bot. no. 31. Pers. Ic. § Des. t.3,f.1. Sturm. t. 57. Corda. Anl. t.9,f. 71, no. 5-7. Bisch. f. 8786. Pay. f. 351. On decaying fungi. Aug.—Nov. { Mid, Carolina. ] ISARIACEI. 549 1642. Isaria intricata. Fr. “ Intricate Isaria.’ Cespitose, capillary, branched, white; branches few, erect, intricate, villous; apices of the threads monosporous.—Fr. S.M. il. p.278. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 118. On decaying fungi. Autumn. 1643. Isaria Friesii. Mont. “ Fries’s Isaria.” Small, fasciculate, erumpent, white, villous, flocci bearing at their tips a minute, oblong, hyaline spore—Mont. Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. i1.-vi. p. 28, vol. v. ¢.12.f.3. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 491. On dead twigs. ; 2 aed pale grey, sometimes fawn coloured, Not more than a line in ength. 1644. Isaria puberula. Jerk. “ Dahlia flower Isaria.” Minute, reddish; stem straight, branches few and simple ; apices clavate.—Berk. Ann. N.H. no, 221, t.12, f. 12. On dead flowers of Dahlia. About 1 line high; stem straight, slender, with generally three short obtuse branchlets given off from the same point, occasionally the stem is forked, but in this case I have not seen the second division branched. The whole plant i of a reddish-gray hue, and is mealy, with little granules and flocci. Gen. 188. ANTHINA, Fr. Receptacle elongated, vertical, confluent with the stem, dilated above. Tips of threads only free—Fr. S.M. iii. p. 281. Berk. Outl. p. 338. (Fig. 223.) 1645. Anthina flammea. /7y. “Yellow Anthina, Attenuated downwards, smooth, blood- red, inclining to saffron-yellow, dilated above, plumose, yellow.—/’r. S.M. iii. p. 283. Eng. Fl.v.p. 329. Berk. Ann. N.H. no.119. Berk. Outl. t. 21, f.3. Roth. t. 3, f. 1. Jungh. Linn. 1830, t. 7,f.4. Clavaria miniata, Purt. t.18. Bisch. f. 38772. Fckl. exs,no. 1659. Berk. exs, no. 206, On fallen beech leaves. Autumn. (Fig. 223.) Fig. 224, ISARIACEI. CERATIuUM, A.&S5S. Receptacle branched, eylin- drical, membranous, reticulated, sub-gelatinous, clothed with short fertile flocci, one in the centre of each reticulation.— Fr. S.M. iii. p. 298. Berk. Outl. p. 838. Eng. Fl. v. p. 829. (Fig. 224.) 1646. Ceratium hydnoides. A. §S. “Chalky Ceratium.” Aggregated, clavule sub- discrete, resembling prickles, at length chalk-white.— Fr. S.M. ii. p. 294. Mich. t. 92, f.2. Eng. Flv. p.329. Bisch.f. 3770. Corda. Anl. t.9, f.71, no. 1-4. Kl. exs.no.572. Fekl.exs.no. 170. Fl. Dan.t.71 8.7.2. Jacq. Misc.i.t.16. Batsch.f.19. Bull. t.415,f.2. A.¢S. t. 2. f. 7. Link. Diss.i. t.i. f.38. Nees. f.82. Grev. t. 168. Clavaria bys- soides, Sow. t. 335. On rotten wood. Gen. 190. (Fig. 224.) [ New England. } PACHNOCYBE, Berk. Stem solid, filiform below, clavate above, dusted with the minute spores. —Berk. Outl. p.339. Eng. Fl. v. p. 333. (Fig. 225.) 1647. Pachnocybe subulata. Berk. “ Awl-shaped Pachnocybe.” Stem brown-grey, subulate, slightly incrassated above ; spores minute.— Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 333. Sow. t. 386, f. 5. Nees. N.A. Cur. ix.t.5,f.8. Sturm. t. 30. Berk. exs.no. 51. On wood, sticks, &e. [Low. Carolina. | m }-2 lines or more high, brownish cinereous, ii Panes or slightly thickened above, often fasciculate, occasionally breaking up longi- tudinally into flocci, the upper half clouded with the minute elliptic spores, which gradually fall away when the plant is placed in water.— ng. Fil. (Fig. 225.) ISARIACEI, Sar 1648. Pachnocybe grisea. Berk. “ Grey Pachnocybe.” Densely gregarious, abbreviated; stem blackish; heads glo- bose; spores grey.—Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p.334. Periconia discolor, Corda. iii. f. 38. B. g¢ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 495*. On dead herbaceous stems. Stem dark, nearly black, composed of fibres not a line high, head greyish, at length dusky, spores elliptic.—Zng. Fl. 1649. Pachnocybe acicula. Berk. “ Needle-shaped Pachnocybe.” Gregarious ; stem white or pallid; head sub-globose ; spores elliptic —Eng. Fl. v. p. 334. On dead herbaceous stems. Mycelium obsolete. Scarcely a line high, gregarious, but rather scattered, pure white, or with the slightest possible pallid tinge on the stem. Stem splitting up into fibres ; receptacle sub-globose, covered with minute elliptic spores.— Ling. Fl. 1650. Pachnocybe albida. Berk. “Whitish Pachnocybe.” Gregarious, pure white, clavato, spores large, oval (oval- oblong. Fr.)—EHng. Fl.v. p.335. Sporocybe albida, Fr. S.M. lil. p.14. Berk, exs. no. 52. On rotten wood. Not aline high. Gregarious, but rather scattered, white; stem marked with cells like the leaves of a Hypnum, filiform at the base, confluent with the strongly clavate apex, which is sometimes forked. Spores scattered on the receptacle, large, oval, transparent.—Zng. Fi. 552 STILBACEI. Order XIX. STILBACEI. Receptacle subglobose, often stipitate, clothed with mostly minute, diffluent, sub-gelatinous spores.—Berk. Outil. p. 339. More or less stipitate Stem firm; head subglobose Spores minute, involved in gluten : ; Stilbum. Spores fusiform Straight : 5 A ° ‘ ; Atractium. Curved . 5 5 : : é 5 Microcera. Shortly, or scarcely stipitate Receptacle wart-like Spores minute, gelatinous - - «+ . Tubercularia. Sessile Receptacle bristly Spores gelatinous, diffluent . > - : Volutella. Receptacle discoid, immarginate . “ 2 Z Fusarium. Receptacle at length marginate . Het es : Myrothecium. Receptacle subglobose, vesicular - : - 6 Epicoccum. Receptacle obscure Spores pulverulent . 5 5 5 . 5 Iilosporium. Spores disposed in threads . : : : Aigeritds Gen. 191. STILBUM, Tode. Stem firm, elongated ; head nearly globose; spores minute, or elon- gated, involved in gluten, Berk. Outl. p. 889. Eng. Fi. v. p. 829. (Fig. 226.) 1651. Stilbum tomentosum. Schrad. ‘“ Woolly Stilbum.” White, head globose ; stems equal, tomentose, connected by a byssoid mycelium.—Schrad. Journ. 1799, t.8,f.1. Hr. SM. ili. p. 801. Grev.t.281. Sturm. t.46. Lng. Ll. v.p. 330. Bisch.f. 3781. On different species of Z'richia. [ Low. Carolina. | STILBACEI. 553 1652. Stilbum aurantiacum. Jerk. “ Orange Stilbum.” Subfasciculate, orange; stem smooth, darker below, head sub-clayate ; spores oblong, obtuse, subtruncate.-—Berk. Ann. N.E. no, 223, t.12, 7.14. Bab. Abstr. Linn. Trans. 1839. On dead elm branches. Leicestershire. Receptacle composed of sub-dichotomous filaments, crowned with abortive spores, which are about one third shorter than those which are perfect, 1653. Stilbum vaporarium. JB. § Br. “Stove Stilbum.” Stems crowded, fasciculate, more or less connate at the base, cinereous ; heads flesh coloured; spores oblong, large.—Ann. N.H. no. 493. On wood in stoves. Kew Gardens. This species can scarcely be regarded as indigenous; if so it is still too closely allied to Stilbum fasciculatum, from which it differs chiefly in the size of the spores. 1654. Stilbum fasciculatum. B,¢4 Br. “ Fasciculate Stilbum.”’ Stems flabellato-fasciculate, connate at the base, cinereous; heads flesh coloured ; spores elliptic, small Ann. NH. no. 492- 1148*, On decayed wood. Swansea. Stems gray, fasciculate, connate at the base, so as to form little flabelli- form tufts. Figured by Tulasne (Carp. iii. ¢. 14, f. 14-19.) as a state of his Sporostilbe gracilipes, and is therefore not autonomous. 1655. Stilbum fimetarium. 2.4 Br. ‘“ Dung Stilbum.” Small, of a pleasant red colour; head at first subconical, then nearly plane, somewhat angular.—Ann. N.H. no. 494. Helotium Jimetarium, Pers. Syn. p. 678. Leotia fimetaria, Pers. Obs. ii. t.5, f.4, D. On dung. [S. Carolina. ] 1656. Stilbum erythrocephalum. Ditm. “ Rosy Stilbum,”’ Heads globoso-turbinate, rose-coloured ; stem rather thick, pilose, whitish—/’r. S.M. iil. p. 302. Ditm. Sturm. t. 45. Eng. Fil.v.p.330. Bisch. f. 8780. Kl. ews. no. 1428. 245 554 STILBACEI. On dung. King’s Cliffe. Scattered- Stem equal or attenuated upwards, at first blunt, without any head, and clothed with patent subfascieulate, or suberect down, with a few spreading floeci at the base, at length the apex swells, at first downy ali over, but soon smooth, a little rugged, firm ; spores elliptie.—Eng. Fl. 1657. Stilbum rigidum. P. “ Rigid Siilbum.” Head subrotund, hyaline, then milk-white or cmereous; stenz filiform, very long, black.—JUst. Ann. ii. t.2,f. 2. Sturm. t. 59. Berk. Mag. Zool. & Bot. no. 32. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 302. Fekl. exs. ne. Li. On decayed wood. f Mid. Carolina. ] 1658. Stilbum piliforme. P. “ Hair-like Stilbum.” Head globose, hyaline; stems fasciculate, subulate, rigid, black. —Fr. S.M.i.p.303. Nees. f.88. Berk. Mag. Zool. § Bot.no. 33. Corda. Anl. t. B. f.20,n0.4-6. Berk. exs. no. 50. On decayed wood. [ Mid. Carolina. } 1659. Stilbum bicolor. P. “Two-coloured Stilbum.’’ Head subrotund, whitish ; stem subulate, pallid, olive-browm below.— Fr. S.M. ii. p. 303. Eng. Fl.v. p.330. Fl. Dan. t. 2280, cae On trunks of trees. Appin. 1660. Stilbum anomalum. J#erk. “ Anomalous Stilbum.’” Head subglobose, yellow; stem black, yellow above, generally smooth, sometimes slightly floccose at the base; spores sub- fusifurm.—Berk. Mag. Zool. § Bot. no. 34, t. 3, f.9. On dead twigs. King’s Cliffe. About half a line high; stem black, yellow above, generally smooth, but sometimes furnished with a few short flocci towards the base; head sub- globose, yellow, when placed in water falling away into subfusiform spores, which rest upon a flat disc-like expansion of the upper part of thestem, Con- sistence not at all gelatinous. Resembling S. xanthocephalum, except im the form of the spores.—W.J.B. 1661. Stilbum nigrum. Berk. “Black Stilbum.” Stem short, dirty white, head ovate or subglobose, granulated ; spores subcylindric.—Eng. Fl. v. p. 330. On dead Eriophorum. STILBACEI,. +53) About } line high, stem rather more than half the whole height, head Somewhat granulated, compact, and not the least pulverulent when dry, dissolving in water, and giving out a multitude of minute, subcylindric ores, which are spread over the depressed black apex of the stem.—Eng. 1662. Stilbum pellucidum. Schrad. “ Pellucid Stilbum.” Head subrotund, whitish; stem equal, rigid, hyaline.—Fr. S.M. iii. p.304. Eng. Fl. v.p. 330. Fckl. exs.no. 176. On wood and decayed fungi. 1663. Stilbum turbinatum. TZode. “ Top-shaped Stilbum.” Head globose or turbinate, pellucid, yellowish, as well as the sub- equal stem.—Fr. S.M. iii. p. 304. Eng. Fl. v.p.330. Tode. t. 2, f-2. Pers. Ic. Pict.t.22,f.1. Bisch. f. 3811. Rabh. F.E. no. 61. On soft decayed wood. [ Mid. Carolina. ] Head inversely pear-shaped, white; spores globose. Stem attenuated upwards, pale yellow, at length verdigris-green at the base, probably from the presence of some minute Algze.—Lng. Fl. 1664. Stilbum vulgare. TZode. ‘Common Stilbum,” Gregarious, whitish, head globose; stem subequal, rather thick. —Fr. S.M. iii. p. 305. Eng. Fl. v.p.330. Tode. t. 2, f. 16. Sturm. t.58. Kl. exs.no.1752. Schnzl. t.12,f. 44,45. Corda. i. f. 272. On decaying wood, &e. [ Mid. Carolina. ] “* Head roundish, nearly white, semi-fluid, at length firmer and yellowish; stem rather thick, cylindrical;” always minute, but variable, the head at length pruinose from the globose white spores, (Fig. 226.) Gen, 192. ATRACTIUM, Fr. Stem firm; head subglobose; spores fusiform, elongated.— Berk. Outl. p. 340. (fig. 227.) 1665. Atractium flammeum. JZ. ¢ Rav. “ Flame-red Atractium.” Shortly sub-cylindrical, flame-red, white below, pruinose ; spores curved, fusiform, hyaline, with six or more septa, on long sporophores.—Ann. N.H. no. 757. Tul. Carp. iii. p. 104, t. xiii. f. 12. Fig. 227. On the bark of willows. [S. Carolina. ] Scarcely } line high, head convex; spores °003 in. long. The habit is just . that of Stilbum aurantiacum. According to Tulasne this is the conidiophorous state of Spherostilbe flammea. (Fig. 227.) 556 STILBACEI. MICROCERA, Desm. Veil persistent, membranaceo-floc- cose, then splitting above into laciniz ; receptacle clavate, fleshy, composed of nearly simple sporiferous threads; spores fusiform, arcuate.—Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1848).x. p.859. (Fig.228.) Fig. 228. 1666. Wlicrocera coccophila. Desm. “ Coccus Microcera.” Very minute, subcespitose, conical, simple, rose-red, mem- brane of the base very thin, whitish, vaginate, connate; spores hyaline, elongated, acute at either end.—Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1848, x. p. 359. Has. no.1750. Rabh. exs. no. 269. Cooke exs. no. 350. Tul. F. Carp. ii. p. 105. Parasitic on Coccz on bark of trees. Tulasne considers this to be the conidiophorous form of aspecies of Wectria. (Fig. 228.) Gen. 194. VOLUTELLA, F’r. Receptacle fringed, or studded with long hyaline bristles; spores diffluent, gelatinous.—F’r. S.M. i. p. 466. Berk. Outl.p. 340. (Fig. 229.) 1667. Volutella ciliata. J7. “Fringed Volutella.” Substipitate, whitish, then rose coloured, circumference ciliated with erect bristles—/'r. S.M. iii. p. 467. Bisch. f. 3827. Psilonia rosea, Eng. Fl. vy. p. 353. Berk. evs. no. 56. Ann. N.H. no. 495. On potatoes. Winter and spring. [ Mid. Carolina. ] Spores elliptic or oblong, larger and slightly curved ; bristles sharp-pointed, septate. There is a sort of stroma, probably formed from abortive bristles, —M.J.B. Fig. 229. STILBACET, Doe 1668. Volutella setosa. Berk. “ Bristly Volutella.”’ Quite sessile, white, mass of spores surrounded by and mixed with erect elongated bristles.— Berk. Outl. p. 340. Psilonia setosa, Eng. Fl. v. p.353. Afgerita setosa, Grev. t.268,f.2. Fr. SM. iii. p. 220. On wood, herbaceous stems, &c. Appin. Spores globose and fusiform. The bristles spring from the base and pene- trate the whole mass. (Fig. 229.) 1669. Volutella hyacin*tborum. Berk. “ Hyacinth Volutella.” Very minute, white, very shortly but distinctly stipitate, mass of spores surrounded by bristles.— Berk. Out. p. 840. Psilonia hyacinthorum, Eng. Fl. v.p. 353. On dead bulbs. King’s Cliffe. VouurectA Buxt. Berk. Outl. is a state of Nectria Rous- seliana. 1670. Volutella melaloma. 2.5 Br. “ Orange Volutella,” Stroma orange, hairs black; spores shortly fusiform, slightly lunate, appendiculate.—B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 496, t. xi. f. 3. On Carices. Perfectly superficial. Stroma and spores bright orange, fringed with black articulated hairs. In company with Weottiospora caricum. Gen. 195. TUBERCULARIA, Tode. Receptacle verruceform, in- nate, clothed with a dense stra- tum of gelatinous, minute spores.—berk. Outl. p. 340. Probably none of the species are autonomous. (F%g. 230.) Fig. 280. 1671. Tubercularia granulata. P. “ Granulate Tubercularia,” Stratum of spores, rugose, dirty-red, at length brown, margin naked; spores subfusiform.—/’r. S.M. ii. p. 465. Grev. t. 187. 558 STILBACEI. Fries. exs. no. 257. Eng. Fl.v.p.354. Bon.t. ii. f. 222. Bisch. f. 3831. KI. exs. 99, 1892. On dead branches. [ United States. | (Fig. 280 nat. size and magnified section.) 1672. Tubercularia nigricans. Zk. “ Blackish Tubercularia.” Stratum of spores, even, red, at length black, margin naked. —Fr. S.M. ii. p.465, Bull. t.455,f.1. Eng. Fl.v.p. 354. On trunks. [ Mid. Carolina. ] It is very doubtful whether this and the preceding are any more than aberrant forms of Tubercularia vulgaris, and therefore only conidia of Vectria. See Tulasne Carp. ii. p.79. 1673. Tubercularia persicina. Ditm, “ Parasitic Tuber- cularia.” Sub-innate, white; stratum of spores even, convex, lilac.— Fr. S.M. iii. p.466. Sturm. iii.t.49. Bisch. f. 3833. Kl. exs. no. 1163. Fckl. exs. no. 1642. On pustules of 4cidia. [ Low. Carolina. ] TuBERCULARIA vuLGARIs. Tode, Eng. Fl. v. p. 354 is only the conidiiferous condition of Nectria cinnabarina. Gen. 196. FUSARIUM, Link. Receptacle discoid, innato-erumpent, immarginate, clothed with diffluent sub- gelatinous spores.—Berk. Outl. p. 341. The majority of species included under this genus are, probably conditions of higher forms. (Fig. 231.) 1674. Fusarium lateritium. ees. “ Brick-red Fusarium.” Hemispherical or irregular, soft, yellowish-red, stroma some- what thickened, spores curved.—/’r. S.M1. iii. p. 470. Nees. f. 26. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 249. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1837, vill. £.2,f.7. Bisch. f. 8837. Fekl. exs. no. 210. Berk. exs. no, 262. On dead twigs (willow, lime, &c.). [ Low. Carolina. ] STILBACET, 559 1675. Fusarium heteronema. B.¢ Br. “ Pear Fusarium.” Flocci septate below, joints broad, inarticulate above, branched, often forked, slender ; spores oblong, curved, uniseptate.—Ann. WV.H. no. 1051, t. xiv. f, oe On decaying pears. Oct. Batheaston. Resembling somewhat Septosporium curvatum, Casp. but not really closely allied. This species is often accompanied by the common orange Fusarium, which is known at once by its very different spores.—B. & B " (Fig. 231.) 1676. Fusarium heterosporium. JV. ‘“ Rye Fusarium.” Effused, red, stroma of conidia expanded, perfect spores curved. —fr. SM. i ili. p. 472. Nees. N.A. Cur.ix.p.135. Ann. N.H. no. 955. Fekl. exs.no.1068. Bisch. f. 3898. Pringsh. faire. W. 6.210 f.20. Kl. exs. ii. no. 187. On glumes and seeds of Rye. Near Arundel. Most probably the stylospores of Claviceps purpurea, Tul. Fusarium rosEum. Link. See Nectria pulicaris, of which Tulasne states it is the conidia. FusARIUM TREMELLOIDES. Grrev. is doubtless only a stylos- porous condition of Peziza fusarcoides.. Gen. 197. MYROTHECIUM, Tode. Receptacle at length marginate; spores dif- fluent, oblong, forming a flat or slightly convex dark-green stratum.— Berk. Outl. p. 341. ml (Fig. 232.) = 8 Ai : } Se i Ah HG Fig. 282. 1677. Myrothecium roridum. Zode. “Dewy Myrothecium.” Dise turgid ; spores cylindrical —F'r. S.M. iii. p. 217, Tode. t. 5, f. 38. Grev.t.140. Eng. Fl.v.p.323. Bisch.f. 3685. Eckl. exs.no. 166. _ On decaying plants. [ Low. Carolina. ] (Fig. 282.) 560 STILBACET. Gen. 198. EPICOCCUM, Link. Receptacle subglobose, vesicular, studded with large, somewhat stipi- @ tate spores. —Berk. Outl. p. 341. 2 Be) (Fig. 233.) 1678. Epicoccum neglectum. JDesm. “ Little Epicoccum.” = Les Very minute, gregarious; spots none} Fig. 233. stroma subglobose, purplish brown ; spores numerous, spherical, reticulated, brown, areole darker, pedicel very short, conico-truncate, hya- line.—B. § Br. Ann. N.H.no.500. Desm.exs.no.540. Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1842). xvii. p. 95. On decaying plants. [ Low. Carolina. ] Spores (‘0005 in.) 0125 m.m. long, (Fig. 233.) 1679. Epicoccum equiseti. Berk. ‘ Horse-tail Epicoccum.” Linear, occupying the strie of the stem; spores globose, minute, atro-sanguineous, smooth.— Berk. Out. p. 341. Uredo equiseti, Eng. Fl. v. p. 384. Fckl. exs. no. 237. On Equisetum limosum. Fineshade, Norths. Gen. 199. ILLOSPORIUM, Mont. Receptacle obscure; spores irregular, falling away like meal.—Berk. Outl.p.341. (Fig. 234.) Fig. 234. 1680. Illosporium roseum. J’, ‘ Rosy Illosporium.” Heaped up in an irregular tubercle, soft, breaking to pieces, rose-coloured.—'r. S.M. iii. p. 258. Eng. Fl. v.p. 3828. Grev. #.51. Fl. Dan. t. 1248. Fekl. ews.no.241,f.1. Schnal.t.14, ft 1-3. Willk.f.40¢c. Rabh. F.E.no. 72. On the larger tree lichens, Parmelia saxatilis, &e. (Fig. 234.) STILBACET. 561 1681. Hllosporium carneum. Jr. ‘‘Flesh-coloured Illos- porium.”’ Gregarious, globular, free, soft, sub-pulverulent, fleshy-red. —Fr. S.M. iii. p. 259. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 497. Berk. exs. no. 293. Rabh. FE. no. 73. On Peltidea canina. Apethorpe. 1682. Tllosporium corailinum. oberge. “ Coralline Ilosporium,” Gregarious, minute, rosy, globose, then cylindrical, somewhat branched, coralline ; spores conglutinate, polymorphous, sub- hyaline.—Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1848), x. p. 342. B. & Br. Ann. N.H.no. 498. Desm.exs. no.1551. I. coceineum, Corda. On Borrera tenella. Autumn and Winter. 1683. Tllosporium coccineum. /7. “Carmine Ilosporium.” Crowded, minute, spherical, persistent, carmine red.—F*r. S.M. il. p. 259. B. & Br. Ann. N.H.no. 499. Fekl. exs. no. 240. On Pertusaria communis. [ Low. Carolina. ] Gen. 200. ZZEGERITA, P. Receptacle obscure; spores ir- regular, disposed in short moni- liform threads at the apices of flexuous, branched, radiating, compacted peduncles, — Berk. Outl. p. 342. (Fig. 235.) 1684. JEgerita candida. P. “ White Mgerita.” Smooth, soon mealy, white; spores ovate-oblong.—Fr. S.M. ill. p. 220. Eng. Fl. v. p. 324. Fekl. exs.no.163. Grev. t. 268, f. 1. Bisch. f.3683. Hoff. F.G.u. t.9,f.1. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 823, ¢. 9, f.7. On damp decaying wood. [ Low. & Mid. Carolina. ] Crowded, granule-like, globose, or hemispherical, of the size of a poppy seed, white, at first even, smooth, then minutely squamulose or mealy from the breaking up of the spores. ‘*There is certainly no peridium, and the genus is typical ofa compact Oidiwm.” Spores ('0006-"0005 in.) *015—0125 m,m, long. (Fig. 235.) 562 DEMATIEI1. Order XX. DEMATIET. Threads free, rarely collected into stem-like bundles, more or less corticated, and carbonized, as are frequently the simple or septate spores.—Berk. Outl. p. 342. In the more typical species there is a distinct membrane, which shells off, and where this does notexist the threads are dark and dingy, but never white, or of pure tints.—M. J. B. Floeci united in a common stem. Spores septate, dark, radiating Arthrobotrywm. Spores simple, in a globose head Periconia. Flocci free, simple. With a vesicular head. Spores simple, radiating Cdocephalum. Even, straight. Spores 1-2 apical, subglobose Monotospora. Spores simple, moniliform, basal Sporodum. Torulose. Spores solitary, multicellular Mystrosporium. Thickened at the joints. Spores fusiform . : Arthrinium. Spores biconical, angular . Gonatosporium. Thickened at the apex. Spores curved, apical, in clusters Camptoum. Moniliform. Spores didymous - : Polythrincium. Flexuous. Spores on sporangiform bodies . Gdemium. Obscure or delicate. Spores basal, multicellular Macrosporium. Flocci free, simple, or branched. Spores concatenate, septate Dendryphium. Spores concatenate, simple Haplographium. Spores in a globose head . Sporocybe. Spores septate, apical 5 et Acrothecitum. | Spores multiseptate, scattered . Helminthosporium Spores pedicellate : Septosporium . Spores triradiate : Triposporium. Spores flat, spiral . ra Ss Helicoma. Spores clavate, at first spiral Helicocoryne. Flocci branched, flexuous. : Spores uniseptate . - Cladosporium. Flocci branched, upper joints inflated : Spores septate . +> tes Cladotrichum. Flocci with short, verticellate branches. Sporessingle . . . , Stachybotrys Flocci branched, tufted. Spores globose, clustered . . Cephalotrichum. DEMATIEI, 563 Gen. 201. ARTHROBOTRYUM, Cesati. Common stem composed of jointed threads; spores large, radiating, so as to form a little head, dark, septate.— Berk. Outl. p. 342. (Fig. 236.) 1685. Arthrobotryum atrum. B. &§ Br. “ Black Arthrobotryum.” Stem short; spores large, hyaline at the extremities, unequally articulated. —Ann. N. H. no. 822, t. 9, f. 6. On dead nettle stems. Dec. Bath- easton. Fig. 236. : Minute, stem short, composed of simple, articulated threads, which are swollen above, and terminate in subelliptic, "very obtuse, unequally articu- lated spores, which are dark in the centre and hyaline at the extremities, (-001-"0015 in.) long, exclusive of the swollen base.—B.& Br. (Fig. 236.) 1686. Arthrobotryum stilboideum. Ces. “Dense-headed Arthrobotryum.’’ Stem elongated; spores cylindrical, obtuse, three times as long as broad, triseptate.—Cesat?. Hedw. t. 4, f. 1. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 943. A. Broomii. Rabh. exs. no. 65. On pollard willows. April. Spores *0005 in. long, forming a dense Stilbum-like head. [A similar, if not identical, species has been found once on a piece of straw from Norfolk, but the spores were only bi-nucleate, xot septate, perhaps immature. ] DENDRYPHIUM, Corda. Threads free, jointed, simple below, branched above; branches and branchlets often monilioid; spores septate, acroge- nous, concatenated.—Berk. Outl. p. 342. The spores in this genus sometimes form moni- liform threads, and sometimes exhibit the more usual mode of growth in Septonema. (Fig. 237.) 1687. Dendryphium comosum. Walir. “ Woolly Dendryphium.” Tufts indeterminate, black; stem simple, brown, moniliform above ; spore-bearing threads radiating, simple, or branched, or 564 DEMATIEI. forming a rather dense head ; spores polymorphous, elongated, septate, yellow-brown; articulations sub-quadrate, contents granular.— Wallr. Fl. Cr.ii.p. 300. Corda.i. f. 279. Rabh. FE. no. 82. B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 820. Fekl. exs. no. 15238. On dead nettle stems. The base of the stem is sometimes sheathed, as in the genus Sporochisma , 1688. Dendryphium curtum. £8.45 Br. “Short Dendry- phium.” Thinly effused; flocci erect, divided above into short, forked ramuli; spores curved, 3-7 septate, articulations constricted.— Ann. N.H. no. 538, t.6,f.9. Cooke exs. no. 357. On dead stems of nettles. Dundee, &c. Black, forming very thin, effused patches. Fertile flocci springing from creeping filaments, erect, straight, septate, divided above into a few short furcate or trifid ramuli, which are surmounted by curved 3-7 septate spores, whose articulations are strongly constricted. A small but neat species, re- markable for the short-forked ramuli. The tips of these are often greatly constricted at the articulations when the spores begin to grow.—B. & Br. (Fig, 237.) 1688S. Dendryphium laxum. 2B. 4 Br. ‘‘ Loose-branched Dendryphium.,” Stems short, loosely branched above; spores elongated, sub- flexuose 7-11 septate.—Ann. V.H. no. 539, t. 6, f. 10. On dead stems of Jnula viscosa. King’s Cliffe. Patches effused, black ; flocci short, erect, articulated, sending off loose branches, which either spring at once from them, or are replaced by a few swollen joints; spores linear, curved, or somewhat flexuous, multiseptate, springing often from the forked tips ; articulations slightly constricted; en- dochrome frequently containing a nucleus.—B. & Br. 1690. Dendryphium ramosum. Cooke, ‘ Branched Dendryphium.” Patches effused, black; flocci erect, articulated, branched above; branches furcate, elongated, lax; spores straight, cylin- drical, 5-5 septate.—Cooke exs. no, 294. On herbaceous stems. July. Ashmanhaugh, Norfolk. The branches are not radiating as in D. comoswm, septate, but not monili- form, lax, but more capitate than D. /azum. Branches three or four times as long asin D. curtum. 1691. Dendryphium griseum. 2. 5 Br. “Grey Den- dryphium,” Grey; flocci sparingly branched ; spores cylindrical, conca- tenate, at length uniseptate, hyaline.—Ann. NV.H. no. 540, t. 6,f. 11, Lubh. FE. no. 83. DEMATIEI. 565 On dead nettle stems. March. Bluish-gray, forming little patches ; flocci sparingly branched almost from the base, as far as we have seen inarticulate; spores cylindrical, apiculate at either end, elongated, arranged in dichotomous chains, at length divided by acentral septum. This is not like the other species, dark and opaque. The line of demarcation between the chains of spores and threads is strongly marked.—BS. & Br. 1692. Dendryphium fumosum. JZerk, “Elegant Den- dryphium.” Tufts black, or dingy, more or less effused ; flocci erect, short, paler above; spores large, clavate or elongated, endochrome transversely multiseptate, brown.—Cooke Quekett Journ. ii.(1870), t.5. Dactylium fumosum, Corda Mucedinees, t. xxii. Helminth. fumosum, Curr. Micr. Jour. v.p. 116, t. 8, f. 6. On dead Umbellifers. The flocci are stiff and erect, and when ripe of a very dark brown, or al- most black colour, being so opaque that itis a matter of difficulty to make out that they are septate. At the apices of the flocci there originate several rows of almost colourless cells, arranged in a moniliform manner, and spread- ingin different directions. The spores are attached in rows at the ex- tremities of the chains of colourless cells, and are of a rich brown, usually somewhat narrowed at each end, and divided by several transverse lines, which have the appearance of septa.—Cwrr. Gen. 203. PERICONIA, Corda. Stem composed of fasciculate, com- pacted threads; head globose ; spores fixed to the free apices of the threads. Berk. Outl. p. 343. (Fig. 238.) 1693. Periconia glaucocephala. Corda ‘‘Glaucous-headed Periconia.” Tufts delicate, farinose, glaucescent ; stem short, slender, smooth, black- brown, opaque, pulvinate above; head spherical, large, glaucous; spores ovate, nucleate.—Ann. N.H. no. 495. Corda. fovan. f3ts On rotten linen, King’s Cliffe. The threads of which the stem is composed are swollen at the apex into a pulvinate capitulum, about which the spores form a spherical head. (Fig. 238.) 1694. Periconia calicioides. Perk, “ Small-headed Periconia.” Black, mycelium effused, spot-like; head globose, com- ‘pact; stem slender, subulate.—Berk. Outl. p. 345. Sporocybe 566 DEMATIEI. calicioides, Fr. S.M. iii. p. 842. Eng. Fl. v. p.333. Vet. Ac. 1816, ind, f. 6. On dead herbaceous stems. Head small, soon falling off. Gen. 204, CEDOCEPHALUM, Preuss. Hyphasma creeping, septate, stem erect, sep- tate, simple, ending in a vesicular head which bears the spores; spores simple, subradiating,.— Preuss in Sturm. vi. p. 121. (Fig. 239.) 1695. Cdocephalum leticolor. 2.4 Br. “ Bright-coloured Gidocephalum.” Very minute, brick red, stem equal, pallid; head subglobose; spores globose, granulated, appendiculate.—Ann. V.H. no. 1056, t. 14, f. 12. Onsheep’s dung. Oct. Batheaston. Not half a line high, sending out at the base a few threads into the matrix ; before the head is formed nearly cylindrical, with some large oil globules, which at length, in great manner, vanish; spores *0006-"0008 in. diameter, with a little appendage at the base like those of Hpicoccum.—B. & Br. (Fig. 289.) Gen, 205. SPOROCYBE, ['ries. Flocci septate, free; heads globose, studded with spores— Berk. Outl. p. 343. (fig. 240.) 1696. Sporocybe byssoides. /7. ‘‘Velvety Sporocybe.” Black ; head globose, compact ; spores globose; stem subulate, pellucid at the apex.— Fr, SM. iii. p. 348, Eng. Fl. v. p. 383. Nees: N.A. Cur. ix. t. 0; foe Bon. t. 10, f. 217. Rabh, FE. no. 64. Cooke exs. no. 278, On dead herbaceous stems. Winter. [ United States. ] Forming a thin, black, velvety stratum, easily recognised under a lens by the globose heads with which the hairs of the pile are terminated. Scarcely } a line high; stem stiff, brown, obscurely annulated; spores large, globose, pellucid, brown, minutely echinulate. The apex of the stem is generally a little incrassated, forming a receptacle for the sporidia —M.J.B, - DEMATIEI. 567 1697. Sporocybe nigrella. Berk. ‘ Black Sporocybe.” Very minute, black; stem simple, very slender, articulated ; spores globose, smooth.— Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 226, t.13,f. 16. On dead leaves of grass. King’s Cliffe, &e. Extremely minute, not one-fourth of a line high, dark black; stem slender with 4-5 articulations ; heads globose ; spores globose, smooth, witha glo- bose nucleus. The whole plant is dark, sothat it requires a good light to see the articulations of the stem, which are, however, very evident.— M.J.B. (Fig. 240.) 1698. Sporocybe alternata. Perk. “ Alternate Sporocybe.” Grey-black, forming little orbicular patches; extremely mi- nute ; mycelium thin, decumbent; fertile flocci articulate, erect, or subdecumbent, branched alternately in a zigzag manner; each branch terminated by a slightly swollen receptacle, which is studded with oblong subtruncate spores.—Ann. N.H. no. 227. Aspergillus alternatus. Berk. Ann. N.H.no.126,t. 8,f. 11. On damp paper. [ Mid. Carolina. ] The mode of branching is, as it were, annotinous, the same as that of Ascotricha chartarum. Gen. 206. STACHYEBOTRYS, Corda. Flocci septate, free; branches bearing short, verticillate ramuli at their apices, forming a little head, and each terminated by a spore.—Berk. Outl. p.348. (Fig. 241.) 1699. Stachybotrys atra. Corda. “ Black Stachybotrys.” Tufts delicate, black; stem dichotomous, sparsely septate, olive-yellow, branches colourless at the apex; spores brown, ovate, or elliptic, with a thick, transverse Fig. 241. septum.— B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 817. , Corda. i. f. 278. Pay. f. 333. On damp millboard. The spores are not in any stage echinulate, nor are they so broad as in S. lobulata. (Tig. 241.) 1700. Stachybotrys lobulata. Berk. “Lobed Stachybotrys.” Black, threads branching proliferously ; ramuli subalternate, attenuated; apices 4-5 lobed; spores elliptic, echinulate, or 568 DEMATIEI. smooth, binucleate.-—Berk. Outl. p. 343. Sporocybe lobulata. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 228, t.18, 7.17. Rabh. FE. no. 171. On damp linen. From the articulated creeping mycelium spring slender very minutely scabrous threads, branched proliferously ; ramuli often alternate attenu- ated, their apices swelling into a pyriform 4-5 lobed receptacle, from which spring elliptic spores, some of which are echinulate, others smooth, with two nuclei. The lobes are not mamillate as in S. atra, and the spores have no true septum,—/. J. B. Gen. 207. HAPLOGRAPHIUM, B. & Br. Flocci septate, free, black; spores concate- nate, hyaline—B. ¢ Br. Ann. V.H. no. 818. Berk. Outl. p. 348. Distinguished from Graphium by its stem, con- sisting of a single thread, and from Penicillium by this being carbonized. (Fig. 242.) i701. Haplographium delicatum. JB. & Br. “Delicate Haplographium.” Heads small, somewhat olivaceous ; spores Fig, 242. oblong.—B. § Br. Ann. N.H.n. 818,t.9, f. 4. On dead stumps. Batheaston. Forming a subolivaceous stratum ; flocci black, mostly simple, but occa- sionally slightly divided ; headssmall, composed of sub-dichotomous threads, consisting of oblong sublinear spores, about °6002 in. long. The flocci, when squeezed, often split longitudinally, though they are not in the slightest de- gree compound.—B.d& Br. (Fig. 242.) Gen, 208. MONOTOSPORA, Corda. Flocci septate, free, black, bearing one or rarely two (by division) large black subglobose spores at their apex.— Berk. Outl. p. 344. (Fig. 243.) 1702. Monotospora megalospora. B.d& Br. “ Large-spored Monotospora.” Flocci straight, simple; spores obovate, large, even.— B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 759, t. 15, f.11, and no. 9438*, On bark of yew. King’s Cliffe. y Jet black ; flocci erect, straight, nearly equal, simple, Fig. 248. articulated spores terminal, obovate, even, (‘0014- 00133 in.) *035 m.m, long.—‘* A form has occurred on an old stump with broadly fusiform spores, ‘0012 in. in diameter,.”— B.¢ Br, (Fig. 243.) DEMATIEI. 569 1703. Monotospora spherocephala. 2B.§ Br. “ Round- headed Monotospora.” Stratum effused, dense black ; flocci simple; spores globose, even.—B. ¢. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 819, t.9,f.5 On dead stumps. Dec. Batheaston. Forming a dense black stratum ; flocci black, moderately thick, with two or three septa; spores globose, terminal, even, “001 i in, diameter ; sometimes seated on a swollen base. This differs from IM. " megalospora i in that the spores are globose, not obovate, and smaller.—B. & Br. Gen. 209. CEPHALOTRICHUM, Link. y; Flocci free, septate, branched at JEN the apex, and forming there a little a I 8 é an V7 globose tuft of hairs, on which are seated the spherical spores.—Berk. Outl. p. 344. (Fig. 244.) 1704. Cephalotrichum curtum. Berk. ‘Short Cephalotrichum.” Scattered ; heads subglobose, bronze-brown ; stem short, 1-2 septate, brown; terminal flocci branched, slightly scabrous ; spores globose.—Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 222, 4.12) f. V3. Fig. 244, On leaves of Carices. Collyweston. Extremely minute; stem short, brown, even, with 1-2 septa, very slightly thickened at the base; heads globose, or sometimes broadly ovate, bronzy brown; threads springing in a little tuft from the top of the stem, forked or ternate, with one or two short acute branchlets, slightly scabrous ; spores globose, with a small globose nucleus, smooth.—M/.J.B, (Fwg. "944 ) Gen. 210. DEMIUM, FY. Flocci free, dark, flexuous; spores seated on sporangiform bodies towards the base.—Berk. Outl. p. 344. (fig. 245.) 705. demium atrum. /7. “ Black (idemium.” Flocci erect, densely aggregated, simple or subramose, black, opaque; sporangiform bodies black, subglobose; spores minute, subglobose, scabrous, hyaline. — Corda. Sturm. vi. t. 9. B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 501. Bisch. f. 3816. 2B 570 DEMATIEI. On fallen branches. [ Low. Carolina. ] The structure of this plant is at present very imperfectly ascertained. The flocci are of a vinous-brown, and here and there invested with mucilage. The larger sporangiform bodies which adhere to them seem very much to resemble an picocewm, with its globose, or somewhat obovate scabrous spores.—M.J.B. (Fig, 245.) Gen. 211. HELMINTHOSPORIUM, Link. Flocci irregular, simple, or slightly branched, bearing here and there multi- septate spores.—Berk. Outl. p. 344. Eng. Fi. v. p. 336. Tulasne does not consider this a true genus, but made up of forms, which are conditions of different species of Spheria. New facts are con- tinually strengthening this opinion, but at pre- sent only a few species have been satisfactorily traced ; hence we have retained all, provision- ally. (Fig. 246.) 1706. Helminthosporium Smithii. 2B. Br. “Smith’s Helminthosporium.” Tufts spongy; threads simple, flexuous; spores very long; endochromes nearly equal to the diameter ; common epispore thick.—B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H.no. 507, t. 5, f. 5. Rabh. exs. 271. Cooke exs. no. 861. Quekett Journ. ii. (1870), t. 7. Curr. Mier. Journ. v. p. 115, ¢. 8, f. 1-5. On dead holly twigs, &e. Common. Tufts effused when growing on the wood, linear, and often forming some- what reticulate, erumpent patches when produced on the bark, rather spongy, coarsely velvety ; threads simple, flexuous, articulated ; articulations irregu- lar, several times as long as broad ; spores terminal, extremely long, linear, multi-articulated, sometimes bent or flexuous; general epispore double, the outer coat thin, the inner extremely thick; endochromes united, about as long as broad, sometimes moniliform, or very irregular, here and there sur- rounded by a broad cavity, which appears granular under the microscope.— B.& Br. 1707. Helminthosporium folliculatum. Corda. “ Pod- spored Helminthosporium.” Tufts thin, indeterminate, tomentose; flocci lax, branched, brown, slender; spores very long, folliculate, rather thick, DEMATIEI. 571 brown, semi-pellucid, endochrome divided into quadrate nu- cleate cells.— Corda. i. t. 3, 7.180. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 231. On dead wood, stems of umbelliferous plants, and cabbage stalks. King’s Cliffe. 1708. Helminthosporium macrocarpum. Grev, “ Large- spored Helminthosporium.” Flocci aggregate, lax, subulate, simple, black; spores large, clavato-fusiform, pellucid, 6-8 septate-—Grev. t. 148. Eng. Fl.v. p.336. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 356. Spheria ciliaris. Sow. t.3859. Fckl. exs. no. 1627. On rotten sticks. [ United States. ] Easily distinguished by the large, clavate, multiseptate spores. 1709. Helminthosporium subulatum. Nees. “ Awl-shaped Helminthosporium.” Flocci aggregate, subulate, nearly simple, straight, black ; spores large, clavate, incurved, 3-4 septate.—Wees. Nov. Act. ix. f.138. Eng. Fl.v. p. 336. Corda. Sturm. t.14. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 3857. Bisch. 3712. On oak branches. Appin. Flocci far more slender than in H. macrocarpum, so that the habit is different, 1710. Helminthosporium velutinum. Zk, “Velvety Helminthosporium.” Flocci densely aggregate, somewhat branched, obtuse, black ; spores large, obovato-clavate, 3-4 septate—Link. Sp. i. p. 47. Nees. f.65 B. Grev.t.148, 7.2. Eng. Fl.v. p. 386. Fr. S.M, iii. p. 859. Bisch. f.3719. Schnzl.t.12, f. 380-33. Rabh. FE. no. 78. Fckl. exs. no. 106. Cooke exs. no. 358. On rotten sticks. 1711. Helminthosporium fusisporum. Berk, “Spindle- spored Helminthosporium.” Flocci densely aggregate, slightly branched, obtuse, black ; spores fusiform, narrower than the flocci, 6-7 septate-—Hng. Fl. Vv. p. 336. On rotten sticks. Beeston, Notts. 2382 572 DEMATIE1. 1712. Helminthosporium nanum. JVees, “ Dwarf Helminthosporium.” Flocci scattered, simple or forked, obtuse, knotty, their apices forming large, sub-cylindric, 3-4 septate spores, slightly shorter than the flocci.—Wees. Nov. Act.ix. f.138. Fr. S.M. i. p. 359. Eng. Fl. v.p.336. Bisch. f. 3717. On herbaceous stems. Winter. Sporidia of a dark pellucid brown. 1713. Helminthosporium simplex. ze. “Simple Helminthosporium.” Flocci aggregate, simple, or slightly branched, obtuse, black ; spores fusiform, acute, pellucid, septa evanescent.—Wees. V.A. Cur.ix.f.11. Corda, Fr. S.M. ii. p.359. Eng. Fl. v. p. 3387. Bisch. f. 3715. On rotten branches. Forming a thin, dirty, uniform stratum like that of some Torula ; septa 1714. Helminthosporium tilie. /7r, “Lime Helmin- thosporium.” Flocci simple, obtuse, obscurely annulated, brown-black, fas- ciculate, on a convex erumpent stroma, the greater part changed into spores.—F’r. S.M. ii. p.360. Eng. Fl. v.p. 337, Bisch. f. 3787. Ann. N.H. 230, t.13, 7.18. Hxosporium Tilie, Grev, t. 208. Spheria echinata, Sow. Herb. On lime branches. Common. 1715. Helminthosporium Rousselianum. Mont. ‘“ Roussel’s Helminthosporium.” Flocci simple, congregated, sooty black, bulbous at the base, apex pellucid, oblong, incrassated, and nodulose, remotely sep- tate; spores fusiform, hyaline, 3-5 septate—Mont. Ann. Se. Nat. iii. Nov. 1849, p. 800. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 508*. On beech, with Sporochisma mirabile, B. of which it is a secondary form of fruit. 1716. Helminthosporium turbinatum. JB, J Br, ‘Top- shaped Helminthosporium.” Flocci slender, simple; spores elongato-turbinate, truncately apiculate, 4-7 articulate, opaque.—B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 008, tid, 7, 6. DEMATIEI. 573 On dead wood. July. Lancashire. Patches thin, effused, finely velvety ; threads short, linear, slender, ob- securely articulated, even when most transparent; spores of a deep rich brown, varying greatly in size and length, but always more or less turbinate ; attenuated greatly below, obtuse above, with a sudden more or less truncate apiculus, which often seems as if a joint had separated from it. Distin- guished from all the other species by the peculiar shape and character of the spores.—B. & Br. 1717. Helminthosporium obovatum. Berk. “ Obovate Helminthosporium.” Flocci subulate, multi-articulate, nearly equal; spores obovate, brown, biseptate.-—Berk. Ann. V.H. no. 232, t. 13, f. 19. On old planks exposed to wet. Forming a short dense velvety-black stratum, flocci very slightly attenu- ated, subulate, either nearly straight, or slightly flexuous ; spores broadly obovate, with two dissepiments, which divide them into three very unequal articulations.—M. J. B. 1718. Helminthosporium delicatulum. Jerk, “ Delicate Helminthosporium.” Very delicate, flocci subulate, multi-articulate ; spores oblong, obtuse, 4-5 septate, pellucid ; with an occasional vertical septum. —Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 233, t. 13, f. 20. On stems of Umbellifers. King’s Cliffe. Forming very delicate soft patches of scattered filaments, presenting to the naked eye a cloudy black spot; flocci very slender, subulate, multi- articulate, brown, paler at.the tips ; spores nearly colourless, oblong, with the apices very obtuse, consisting of about five swollen articulations, one or two of which have occasionally a vertical dissepiment.—M.J B. 1719. Helminthosporium sticticum. 2.5 Br. “ Grass Helminthosporium.” Spots gregarious, punctiform, black; spores oblong-clavate, uniseptate.— B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 758, t. 15, f. 10. On decaying leaves of grass. Batheaston. Disposed in minute specks, jet black, threads fasciculate, nodose or irre- gular ; spores .0016in. long, oblong, swollen above, uniseptate. The puncti- form spots, black not olivaceous hue, and uniseptate spores are the charac- teristics of this species.—B. & Br. 1720. Helminthosporium clavariarum. Desm. “ Parasitic Helminthosporium.” Flocci densely aggregated, simple, very short, straight, obtuse, septate, black; spores large, oblong, 1-2 septate, pellucid or 574 DEMATIEI. opaque.—Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat.ui.t.2,f.2. Berk. Ann. N.H.no. 123. On Clavaria rugosa. King’s Cliffe. 1721. Helminthosporium oosporum. Corda. “ Egg spored Helminthosporium.” Flocci scattered, simple, black-brown, semi-pellucid; spores oblong-ovate, tetradymous, yellowish brown, pellucid.—Corda. 1,f. 200. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 944, Kl. exs.no. 1789. On sticks. Feb. East Bergholt. (Fig. 246, magnified.) 1722. Helminthosporium apiculatum. Corda. “ Apiculate Helminthosporium.”’ Tufts effused, tomentose, very black, flocci fasciculate, flexu- ous, quite simple, brown, pellucid, spores elliptico-fusiform, polyseptate, of the same colour, apical joint apiculate.—Corda. i.f.191. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 945. On dead wood. Twycross. 1723. Helminthosporium apicale. 2.4 Lr. “ Tip-spored Helminthosporium.”’ Floccisimple, even, attenuated upwards ; spores apical, elliptic, 3 septate, hyaline at each extremity—B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 947, t.16, f. 15. On rotten sticks. April. Langley, Wilts. Threads simple, even, attenuated upwards, articulated, the ultimate joint having two or three little inequalities, to each of which is attached an ellip- tic spore .0007 in. long, triseptate, dark in the centre, and hyaline at either extremity —B. & Br. 1724. Helminthosporium altum. Preuss. ‘“ Tall Helmin- thosporium,” Tufts effused, tomentose, very black, flocci slender, long, sim- ple, subpellucid, then very black and opaque; spores apical, ob- long or pyriform, attenuated, more or less septate, brown-black, pellucid.— Sturm. xxvi.t.17. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 948. On dead sticks. Twyceross. 1725. Helminthosporium scolecoides. Corda. ‘“ Long- spored Helminthosporium.” Tufts indeterminate, black; flocci simple, then branched, brown, angularly flexuose, rigid, semi-pellucid; spores very long DEMATIEI, 545 torulose, multiseptate, brown, basal and apical joint yellowish, pellucid.—Corda. i. f. 179. B. § Br. Ann. N.H.1865, no. 1052. On dead herbaceous stems. Twycross. 1726. Helminthosporium rhabdiferum. B. & Br. “ Peach Helminthosporium,” Flocci erect, slightly branched, very short; spores straight, multiseptate, articulations torulose, brown.—B. § Br. Ann. NV.H. (1865), no. 1053. Macrosporium rhabdiferum. Gard. Chron. 1864, p. 938, with fig. On ripe peaches. Sept. Bodelwyddan. Shallow pits about half an inch in diameter appear on the surface of the fruit, the centre of which is occupied by the mould, bearing a profusion of spores, so as to blacken the finger when touched ; mycelium of waved articu- lated threads, giving off stouter erect flocci, with shorter joints, slightly branched above, bearing at their tips the large spores, which are at first ob- long and pale, with one or two transverse septa. These rapidly acquire a dark tint, elongate, become more or less linear, with 7-11 swollen divisions, the terminal one mostly apiculate, =15-53, in. long. —. J. B. 1727. Helminthosporium dendroideum. 2#.¢ Br. “Tree- like Helminthosporium.”’ Flocci erect, attenuated upwards, articulated, ramuli short ; spores terminal, oblong fusiform, multi-articulate—B. ¢ Br. Ann. V.H. no. 946, t.16,/. 14. On maple. Feb. Batheaston. [S. Carolina, ] Threads attenuated upwards, articulated ; each joint above giving off one or two short branchlets, terminated by an oblong, subfusiform, slightly curved, multi-articulate spore, ‘0024 in. long, each joint containing a glo- bose nucleus.—M. J. B. This species seems rather to belong to Acrotheciwm as emended. 1728. Helminthosporium echinulatum. Berk. “ Echinulate Helminthosporium. ’ Flocci fasciculate, irregularly nodose; spores hyaline, cylin- drical 2-4 septate, echinylate-—Gard. Chron. (1870), p. 382, fig. 63. On leaves of carnations. Leaves studded with large round white spots, on which a brown mould is developed, arranged in little concentric tufts; threads extremely regular, forming little fascicles, slightly branched, branches often assuming the form of knots, and the upper knots in some cases bearing the spores, while occa- sionally they occupy the colourless upper portion of the threads; spores cylindrical, with from two to four articulations, slightly constricted occasion- ally at the dissepiments, and beautifully echinulate, ,},-;1, in.—. J. B. 576 DEMATIEI. 1729. Helminthosporium reticulatum. Cooke. “ Reticulate Helminthosporium.” Forming dendritic and reticulated patches on both surfaces of the leaves, orbicular or irregular; flocci slender, flexuous, generally simple; spores elliptical, obtuse, triseptate-—Cooke. exs. no. 360. On dead leaves of ash. Dec. This species has more the appearance of an Asteroma than an Helminthos- porium to the naked eye. In habit, at least, it is very distinct. Gen. 212. MACROSPORIUM, Fries. Flocci obscure or delicate; spores erect, basal, pedicellate, with at length transverse and vertical septa.—Berk. Outl. p. 345. Eng Fl. v. p. 339. (Fig. 247.) Fig. 247. 1730 Macrosporium cheiranthi. 7. “Common Macros- porium.” Flocci decumbent, extremely fugacious ; sporidia pyriform, articulato-septate, black; peduncle short—/Fr. S.J/. i. p. 374. Eng. Fl.v. p. 389. On damp paper, decaying plants, &c. [ United States. ] var. [3. bete. Cooke. Spores scarcely coloured.—Cooke eas. no. 197. Macrosporium commune. Rabh. F’.E.no. 1360. On leaves of beet. The sporidia vary extremely in form, some are clavate, with a single row of articulations, in others the two or three upper cells have a vertical sep- tum ; others are broadly clavate, and others again obovate, each articulation divided by vertical partitions into many cells. All are more or less con- stricted. The flocei are very delicate, and difficult to detect, though cer- tainly present. The peduncles vary in length ; more than one are sometimes given off by the same thread of the mycelium.—M. J. B. Probably a condi- tion of Spheria herbarum. 1731. Macrosporium sarcinula. Jerk. ‘“ Gourd*Macros- porium.” Flocci suberect, delicate, fugacious, slightly branched ; spores vn DEMATIEI. 577 clavate, at length subrectangular, multiseptate, constricted, variable.-—Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 125, t. 8, f. 10. On decaying orange gourds. King’s Cliffe. Its first appearance is that of orbicular white downy patches, consisting of suberect slightly branched threads. These soon vanish, leaving a dark- olive green stratum, consisting at first of short clavate filaments, with one or two septa. Their apices gradually become much incrassated, and the number of articulations increases. The septa are mostly horizontal, with a few vertical ones; a few occasionally are inclined. In this state the colour is yellowish when viewed by transmitted light. The spores gradually as- sume a browner tint, become more and more distinct from the peduncle, and at length fall off, acquiring a rectangular outline, resembling very much little corded bales, from which circumstance the name is taken. ‘They vary greatly in size, andin the number of cells. A few of the peduncles are seen amppest the spores, their articulations being frequently swollen above.— 5 IES See also Spheria herbarum, of which this is a conidiophorous condition. 1732. Macrosporium concinnum. Jerk. “Powdery Macrosporium.” Spots pulverulent, velvety, black ; flocci flexuous, articulated, brown; spores obovate, pedicellate, at length oblong.—Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 235, t.12, f. 21. Helminthosporium strieforme. Corda. On decorticated osier twigs of an old hamper. Sept. Ape- thorpe. Spots elongated, black; flocci minute, waved, brown below, pellucid above, often with the rudiment of a branch at the apex; spores obovate, with about three principal dissepiments, which are divided vertically or obliquely, furnished with a very short pellucid peduncle. This peduncle at length vanishes, and they lose their obovate form and become oblong.— M.J.B. (Fig. 247.) 1733. Macrosporium brassice. Berk. ‘Cabbage Macros- porium.” Flocci obsolete, sporidia clavate, antenneform, 5-11 septate, rather longer than the peduncle.—Lng. Fl. v. p. 339. On decaying cabbage leaves. King’s Cliffe. ‘5 Intermixed with Cladosporium herbarwm, of which it is probably a condi- , 10n, 1734. Macrosporium heteronemum. JDesm. “ Arrow-head Macrosporium.” Flocci erect, septate, of two forms, distinctly united in small fascicles; spores large, pedicellate, oblong-clavate, tawny, with the endochrome divided transversely, and here and there longi- tudinally, into numerous cells; pedicels hyaline.—Ann. des Se. Nat. 1853, xx. p. 216. Desm. eas. ed.ii. no.7. Cooke Seem. Journ. Bot. 235 578 DEMATIET. On fading leaves of Sagittaria sagittifolia. Sept. Instead, Norfolk. Bungay, Suffolk. On both surfaces of the leaves; spots scattered, tawny, irregular, some- times confluent ; flocci of two kinds, one conidiiferous, short, nodulose, tawny ; the other simple, elongated, subflexuose, hyaline, obtuse above, and attenuated below. Gen. 213. MYSTROSPORIUM, Corda. aN \ ‘ st JAS nye ee Fig. 248. Flocci erect or ascending, quite simple, septate, torulose, opaque, bearing a solitary spore at the apex; spores multicellular.— Corda. Ic. ii. p. 18. (Fig. 248.) 1735. Mystrosporium stemphylium. Corda. “ Obovate Mystrosporium.” Tufts broadly effused, black; flocci short, flexuous, erect, olive-brown; spores obovate, polymorphous, unequal, multicel- lular, brown, yellow, or olive; peduncular appendage paler.— Corda. i. f.61. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 949. Pay. f. 324. On dead wood. Bury St. Edmunds. (Fig. 248.) Spores ‘0015 in. diameter. Gen. 214. ACROTHECIUM, Corda. Flocci creeping or erect, septate, simple or branched, branches ascend- ing ; spores clustered at the apex, or solitary at the tips of the branches; septate.—Corda. Ic. ti. p. 10. The typical species of Corda has the flocci creeping, and branched, the spores solitary and fusiform. The generic character has been extended, so as to include A. multi- sporum, Preuss, and the British species, which could hardly have been retained under the original characters, (Tig. 249.) DEMATIEI. 579 1736. Acrothecium simplex. Berk. “ Simple Acrothecium.” Flocci simple, flexuous, irregular, septate, brown ; spores few, apical, 4-5 septate, oblong, sub-clavate, hyaline, slightly coloured. —B. § Br. Ann. N.H.no. 950, t. 16,f. 16. On nettle stems. Dec. Batheaston. Spores terminal, about three together. Differs from A. multisporum, Preuss, in the simple stem, without any creeping threads, and the small number of spores. (Fig. 249.) 1737. Acrothecium delicatulum. B.5 Br. “Delicate Acrothecium.” Effused, black, flocci straight ; spores linear, with one or more septa, hyaline —B. § Br. Ann. N.H.no. 1055, t. xiv. f. 11. On dead wood, probably beech and bramble. __ The spores are confined to the upper part of the stem, but not to the apex itself. Occasionally the flocci are forked. Spores -00045-"0007 in. long. The form which occurs on bramble has scattered flocci, but differs in no other re- spect.—B. & Br. Gen. 215. : SEPTOSPORIUM, Corda. Flocei erect, sparsely septate; spores heterogenous, cellular, pedicellate; pedi- cels septate—Corda. Ic. 1. p. 12. 1738. Septosporium bulbotrichum. Corda. “ Bulbous Septosporium.” Tufts effused, thin, brown; flocci simple, bulbous at the base, septate, obtuse, darker below, brown, yellowish above, diaphanous; spores pedicellate, oblong-clavate, yel- lowish, pedicels septate, attenuate, attached at the base—Corda. Icon. 1.f. 176. Corda. : Ani. t. B.f. 10, no. 7. Pay. f. 382. Fig. 250. On rotten wood. Externally resembling a Helminthosporium. ny base of the flocci is de- cidedly bulbous, and to it the spores are attached. (Fig. 260 de agar 580 DEMATIEI. Gen 216. TRIPOSPORIUM, Corda. Flocci erect, jointed, bearing at their apices tri-radiate, articulated spores.—Berk, Outl. p. 345. (Fig. 251.) 1739. Triposporium elegans. Corda. ‘Elegant Triposporium.” Mycelium slender, effused, brown; flocci slender, simple, or branched, brown, intricate, remotely septate; spores stellate, brown in the centre, rays paler, apices and pedicel colourless.—Corda. 1. f.220. Bon. t.3,f.75. Corda. Mucedinees t. x. Pay. f.329. Quekett Journ. ii. 1870, t.8. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 509 ¢ 1053*. On decorticated oak. Feb. Somerset. [Low. Carolina. ] The spores vary considerably in length and in the number of articulations. Sometimes this mould occurs with globose spores at the tips of the three terminal processes.—W. J. B. (Fig. 251, flocet and spores magnified.) Gen. 217. HELICOMA, Corda. Flocci erect, dark, jointed, bearing on their sides pale, flat, spiral spores.— Berk. Outl. p. 345. (Fig. 252.) 1740. Helicoma Mulleri. Corda. “ Muller’s Helicoma,”’ Tufts broadly effused, tomentose, olive-black ; flocci fasciculate, connate, simple, straight, rigid, apex somewhat thickened, brown, pellucid, septate ; Flg 252. spores spirally convolute, 5-septate, colourless, hyaline.—Corda. i. t. f. 219. Corda. Anl.t.B.f.11,n0.4. Fekl. exs. no. 105. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 510. DEMATIET. 581 On dead wood. [ Low. Carolina. | The spire of the spores generally open, but sometimes closed up. The threads also vary much. The British specimens are somewhat doubtfully referred to Corda’s species, as a variety, In American specimens the spores accord with Corda’s fig., but the threads are differently articulated. : (Fig. 252.) Gen. 218. HELICOCORYNE, Corda. Floceci erect, septate, simple; spores scattered, lateral, clavate, 4-5 septate, attenuated downwards, at first spirally involved, or revolute, ultimately incurved.—Corda. Ic. vi. p. 9. (Fig. 253.) 1741. Helicocoryne viridis. ‘Corda. ‘‘ Greenish Helicocoryne.” Tufts effused, olive-green, deli- cate; flocci simple, olive, hyaline at Fig. 253. the apex; spores large, clavate, colourless, hyaline. —Corda. Icon. vi. f. 38. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 951. On dead wood, (Fig. 253.) Gen. 219. CLADOTRICHUM, Corda. Flocci erect, thick, branched, upper joints cup-shaped or in- flated; spores large, septate.— Berk. Outl. p. 345. (Fig. 254.) 1742. Cladotrichum triseptatum. B. & Br. “Triseptate Cladotrichum.” ) ; Flocci forked, very much branched, articulated, upper ar- ticulations inflated; spores oblong, very obtuse, constricted in the middle, triseptate.—Ann.N.H. no. ie On ys ee On dead stumps. July. King’s Cliffe. Widely effused, forming a thin black, powdery stratum ; flocci forked and branched, septate from the base ; upper articulations swollen in the centre, or above ; spores oblong, extremely obtuse, constricted in the centre, tri- septate, the central septum answering to the line of constriction. (Fig. 254.) 582 DEMATIEI. POLYTHRINCIUM, Kunze. Flocci moniliform ; spores spring- ing from the midst of the flocci, didymous.—Berk. Outl.p. 346. Eng. Fil. y. p. 338, (Fig. 255.) Fig. 255. 1743. Polythrincium trifolii. ze. “Clover Polythrincium.” Flocci densely crowded, erect, gradually thickened upwards, closely articulated, moniliform; spores oval, uniseptate, scat- tered.— Kunze. M.H. t.1,f.8. Bisch.f. 38721. Corda. Anl. t. B.f. 10, no.6. Cooke exs.no.196. Grev.t. 216. Moug. eas. no. 688. Bact. exs. no. 84. Corda. t.9. Eng. Fl.v. p. 838. Fckl. exs. no. 58. Berk. exs. no.97. Farinaria trifolit, Sow. t. 396, f. 7. On fading leaves of Trifolium. Common. [United States. ] Forming little black sooty dots on the leaves, often in company with Ascobolus Trifoliit or Dothidea Trifolii, probably conidia of the latter species. (Fig. 255.) Gen. 221. CLADOSPORIUM, Link. Flocci flexuous, more or less branched, jointed, flexible; spores short, at length uniseptate, springing from the sides or terminal.— Berk. Outl.p. 346. (Fig. 256.) Cladosporium herbarum. Zk. ‘Common Cladosporium.” Tufts effused, soft, dense, green, then olive-black ; flocci col- lapsing, pellucid, as well as the olivaceous spores.—Link. Sp. 1, p.39. Fr. SM. iii. p. 370. Eng. Fl.v. p. 338. Nees. f. 64, B. Cooke exs. no. 352. Dematium articulatum, Sow. t. 400, f.8. £1. Dan. t. 2277, f.2. Corda. Anl.t. B.f.10, no. 1.. Bisch. f. 3738. DEMATIEI. 583 Hedw.i.t.10. Pringsh. Jahrb. ii. t. 30, 7.27. KI. exs. no. 67, ii. no. 333. Fckl. exs.no.110. On all sorts of decaying substances. Common. [ United States. ] One of the commonest of Fungi, and very variable. Numerous species have been characterized, but it is questionable whether many of them should not be united under this, which scarcely claims a place as a distinct species, since Tulasne has indicated its affinity with Spheria herbarum, of which he regards it as a conidiophorus condition, as well as ME a: sarcinula, Berk. and probably Macrosporium cheiranthi Fr. (Fig. 256.) 1745. Cladosporium epiphyllum. ees. “ Leaf Cladosporium.” Flocci erect, at length declining, fasciculate, sub-olivaceous, intricately branched, mixed with concatenate threads of simple spores of the same colour, which afterwards become septate.— Nees. Syst.ii.p. 67. Rabh. F.E.no.77. Kl. exs. no. 187. Cooke exs.no. 188. Fckl. exs. no.118. Corda. Ic.1, p.14,f. 204. On dead leaves. i Forming small seattered tufts, more or less orbicular, particularly on oak eaves. 1746. Cladosporium fasciculare. /r. “ Fasciculate Cladosporium.” Fascicles minute, slightly erumpent, flocci bent at the apex, sub-septate ; spores conglobate and seriate, of the same colour or pellucid—Fr. 8.M. iii. p. 370. Corda. iii. t.1. f. 20. Pers. Disp. t.4,f.2. Fekl. exs. no. 109. On asparagus stems. (A. Jerdon.) 1747. Cladosporium dendriticum. Waillr. “ Dendritic Cladosporium.” Flocei very short, simple, disposed in minute punctiform fas- cicles, which become confluent in dendritic spots; spores fusi- form, simple, sometimes clavate.—Wallr. Fl. Germ. ui. p. 169. Ann. N.H.no.512. Fekl. eas. no. 115, C. pyrorum, Berk. Gard. Chron. 1848. p. 398. Helminthosporium pyrorum, Lib. exs. no. 188. Desm. exs. no. 1051. Actinonema crategi, Gard. Chron. (1855), p.725. Berk. exs. no. 42. On pear leaves. Autumn. var. (3. orbiculatum. Spores pyriform, shorter.—Berk.Gard. Chron. 1848, p. 716. C. orbiculatum, Desm. exs. no. 1843. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 513. On leaves of Crategus pyracantha, Chiswick. 584: DEMATIEI. 1748. Cladosporium bacilligerum. Mont. “ Anomalous Cladosporium.” Flocci slender, simple or branched, flexuous, clustered in small sooty tufts; apex incrassated, obtuse, olivaceous, septate ; spores simple, stipitate, separating with an articulation.—Mont. Ann. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 31, t.12,f.5. Cooke exs.no.290. Passalora bacilligera, Fr. S.V.S. p.500. Fres. Beitr. t. xi. f.55-58. Fckl. exs. no. 1518. On fading leaves of Alnus glutinosa. The spores resemble in form those of some species of Puccinia, since, in separating from the flocci, they carry with them the last articulation, so that they appear to be long uniseptate spores. It is a very distinct and curious species. 1749. Cladosporium depressum. 2&.5 Br. “ Depressed Cladosporium.” Maculeform, depressed ; spores elongated, uniseptate; flocci very short, equal.— Ann. N.H. no. 514, t. 5, f.8. On leaves of Angelica sylvestris. Spots minute, scattered, olive-green, depressed ; flocci short, straight, or flexuous, sometimes quite even, sometimes waved or nodulose ; spores much elongated, as long as the threads, terminal, uniseptate. Sometimes they are constricted and the articulations much swollen. They often germinate in situ, giving out a delicate waved thread from the centre of the articula- tions.—B. & Br. 1750. Cladosporium brachormium. JB. 4 Br. “ Concatenate Cladosporium.” Effused, grey ; flocci erect, flexuous, nodulose above; spores oblong, shortly concatenate, terminal—B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 515. On leaves of Fumaria officinalis. King’s Cliffe. Gray, forming a thinstratum; flocci erect, flexuous, somewhat nodulose, terminated by one or more short rows of elliptic-oblong spores. It ap- proaches the genus Dendryphium. 1751. Cladosporium lignicolum. Corda. “Wood Clados- porium.” Tufts effused, tomentose, black; flocci short, sub-simple, brown ; spores minute, of the same colour, multiseptate.—Corda. i. t. 3, f. 206. B.§ Br. Ann. N.H. no 516. Kl. ews. no. 1271. On dead wood. Apethorpe. “The spores in this species are very opaque, It is just the plant of Corda, but a doubtful Cladosporiwm.”—M. J.B. DEMATIEI. 585 1752. Cladosporium nodulosum. Corda. “Nodulose Cladosporium.” Tufts oblong, narrow, olive-brown, then blackish ; flocci caspi- tose, long, flexuous, pale brown, curved at the apex, simple, with very short lateral projections, or nodular spurious branchlets ; spores large, oblong, or cuneate, simple or uniseptate.—Corda. 1. ¢.4, 7.212. B.& Br. Ann. N.H. no. 517. Kl. exs.ii.no 765. On dead herbaceous stems. Feb. Wraxall, Som. Remarkable for the alternate projections on which the spores are seated. Gen. 222. ARTHRINIUM, Kunze. ! Flocci erect, septate, dark, and slightly thickened at the septa; spores straight, ) ) swollen in the middle, and pointed at either extremity (fusiform).—Berk. Outl. g p. 346. (Fig. 257.) Fig. 257. 1753. Arthrinium sporophleum. ze. “ Sedge Arthrinium.” Flocci slender, rather short; spores oblong, acute, minute, very copious.—F’res. t. 3, f. 49-52. Kunze. M.H.ii.p.104. B. & Br. Ann. N.H.no.519. Fckl. exs.no. 128. A. puccinioides, Berk. exs. no. 311. Desm. exs. no. 602. (Fig. 257.) On Carices. Gen. 223. GONATOSPORIUM, Corda. Flocci erect, septate, thickened at the “septa; spores irregularly biconical, and in consequence somewhat angular, at- tached in whorls.—Berk. Outl. p. 346. (Fig. 258.) 1754. Gonatosporium puccinioides. Corda. “Sedge Gonatosporium.” Tufts round, black, shining, minute, gregarious ; flocci erect, subulate, sep- tate, swollen at the septa, diaphanous, simple, very rarely branched; spores 586 DEMATIEI. brown, yellow when young, polymorphous, angular.—/chl. ews. no. 126. Corda.iii.t.1, 7.18. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 236-519. Torula Eriophori. Eng. Fl. v. p. 359. On various Carices. Wilts. Somerset. (Fig. 258.) Gen. 224. CAMPTOUM, Link. Flocci erect, septate, thickened at the apex and black; spores curved, dark, fixed in clusters at the apices.—Berk. Outl. p. 347. (Fig. 259.) 1755. Camptoum curvatum., Ek. “Curved Camptoum,” Tufts minute, very black; flocci dwarf, erect, with black and white bands; spores large, brown, polymorphous, curved.—Zink. Sp.i. p. 44. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 518. Berk, exs.no. 310. Kl. exs. no. 461. Corda. Anl. t. B.f.12, no. 6. Fckl. exs. no. 127. On Scirpus sylvaticus. Spye Park, Wilts. (Fig. 259.) Gen. 225. SPORODUM, Corda. Flocci erect, septate ; threads of inarticulate spores moniliform, seated towards their base.-—Berk. Outl. p. 347. (Fig. 260.) 1756. Sporodum conopleoides. Corda. ‘‘ Grass Sporodum.” Tufts minute, hemispherical, black; flocci quite simple, septate, rather obtuse, dark-brown; spores at first yellow, then brown, globose nucleus darker.—Corda. i. t. 247, iil. t.if.22. Corda. Anl.t. B. f. 14, no. 1.2. Kl.exs.no,774. B. g§ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 543. Dematium hispidulum. Ann. N.H. vii. no. 934, Fr. SM. iii. p. 366. Lib. exs. no. 284. Eckl. exs. no. 104. On dead grasses. Common. From the middle of the flocci spring one or two obovate joints, which sup- ort two or three rows of sporidia, of which those at the apices are the argest.—M, J. B. (Tig. 260.) Fig. 260. MUCEDINES, 587 Order XXII. MUCEDINES. Threads never coated with a distinct membrane, mostly white or coloured, more rarely dingy.—Berk. Outl. p. 347. Flocci forming a common stem Spores moniliform, in cylindrical heads Stysanus. Flocci free, mostly simple. With a globose head. Spores in moniliform threads Aspergillus. Spores singly, on spicules Rhopalomyces. Clavate akove. Spores in moniliform threads . Nematogonum. Spores singly on spicules Rhinotrichum. Not expanded above. Spores moniliform in fascicles Monilia. Spores moniliform, simple Oidium. Spores moniliform, septate . : Cylindrium. Curled at the tips. Spores globose, conglomerated Bolacotricha.. Joints swollen. Spores obovate, on spicules . Gonatobotrys. Flocci dichotomous. Black, spores scattered . Virgaria. Pallid, spores scattered at the tips Haplaria. Flocci with quarternate branches. Spores in spikes . : : Clonostachys. Flocci branched, erect. Spores simple. Single and terminal. Threads septate . - Botrytis. Threads seldom septate - Peronospora. In terminal clusters . : Polyactis. In basal clusters . . - : Myxotrichum. Moniliform in tassels Penicillium. In headson spicules. 5 Botryosporiwm. Elongated, in terminal bundles . Menispora. Spores septate. Terminal . Dactylium. Flocci subulate, branched below. Spores cylindrical 3 Chaetopsis. Flocci branched, tips spiral. Spores globose, granulate . Acrospeira. Flocci branched in whorls. Spores terminal, single. Verticillium. Spores terminal, in globose masses Flocci decumbent. Gonytrichum. Spores solitary, terminal ao emonium. Spores scattered . orotrichum. Spores studding a cellular head . 5 : - me pulaspora. Spores globose, threads cut half through . WZ aati ale Flocci evanescent. Spores straight, fusiform Fusidium. 588 MUCEDINES. Gen. 226. ASPERGILLUS, Mich. Threads erect, articulate, crowned with a globose head, producing necklaces of spores. Berk. Outl. p. 347. (Fig. 261.) 1757. Aspergillus glaucus. Lk. “Blue Mould.” Sterile flocci effused, white ; fertile threads simple, their apices capitate ; sporidia rather loosely packed, at length glaucous.—JBerk. Fig. 261. exs.no.208. Eng. Fl. v.p. 339. Mucor. glau- cus. Sow. t. 378, f.9. Corda. St.t. 7. Mucor. aspergillus. Bull. t. 504, f. 10. ; On various decaying substances, as lard, b cheese, &c. Very common. Variable in colour. [ d States. ] © Ploeci indistinctly articulate when fresh ; head covered with a sub- pellucid grumous substance, on which are seated the globose sporidia ar- ranged in radiating moniliform threads.”—WM. J. B. (Fig. 261.) 1758. Aspergillus dubius. Corda, “ Doubtful Aspergillus.” Tufts minute, white; stem simple, straight, pellucid; capi- tulum globose, white, covered with linear, clavate sporophores, which bear the chains of obovate, unequal, colourless spores.— Corda. ii.t.4, f.77. B. §. Br. Ann. N.H. 0.520, On rabbit’s dung. Nov. King’s Cliffe. In this very curious species the head is covered with linear processes, each of which is surmounted by four sterigmata, on which are developed the chains of spores.—M. J. B. 1759. Aspergillus candidus. Zk. “White Aspergillus.” Sterile flocci effused, white; fertile threads simple, thickened at their apices; sporidia compact, white—Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 339. Chev. t.iv. f.17. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 385. On yarious decaying substances. Common. Smaller than Aspergillus glaucus, with a stiffer habit and more compact sporidia. 1760. Aspergillus roseus. Zk. “Pink Aspergillus.” Mycelium thin ; fertile flocci simple ; sporidia globose, rose- red.—Berk. Eng. Fl.v. p.340. Batsch. f. 58. MUCEDINES. 589 On damp paper, lint, carpet, &e. [ Mid. Carolina. ] **Flocci not septate; sporidia globose, minute, arranged in moniliform rows.”—M.J.B. 1761. Aspergillus mollis. Berk. ‘‘ White-branched Aspergillus.” Fertile flocci white, erect, dichotomously branched ; apices clavate ; sporidia large, subglobose.—Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 340. On dead leaves. Winter. ‘*Forming minute, scattered, pure white fascicles, with a thin procumbent mycelium.”—M. J. B. 1762. Aspergillus virens. Jk, ‘“ Green-branched Aspergillus.” dense; flocci entangled, sub-erect, heads as well as the brancke@ Hocci greenish— Berk. Eng. FI. v. p. 840. Fr. S.M. ili. p. 388. Grev. Fl. ed. p. 467. On decaying Agarics. Gen. 227. NEMATOGONUM, Desm. Threads clavate at the apices, and bearing necklaces of spores on distinct scattered spicules—Berk. Outi. 348. (Fig. 262.) 1763. Nematogonum aurantiacum. - Desm. “Orange Nematogonum.”’ Mycelium delicate, effused; flocci ferruginous-orange ; spores of the same colour, oval.—Desm. Ann. Se. Nat. (1834), ii. t. 2, 7.1. Berk. Outl. p. 348. Aspergillus aurantiacus. Ann. N.H. no. 237, t. 18, f. 22. Berk. exs.no. 272. (Fig. 262.) Fig. 262, On elm bark. Apethorpe. [ Low. Carolina, ] When in perfection the threads are simple, and the spores attached in moni- liform rows to a larger one at their base. It has, however, a great tendency to become proliferous, especially when it has been beaten down by the weather.—M/. J. B. 590 MUCEDINES. 1764. Nematogonum aureum. Jerk. “Golden Nemato- gonum,” Fertile flocci erect, short, simple, clavate; sporidia large, thinly scattered, elliptic, golden yellow.—Aspergillus aureus. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 340. On bark. “Flocci short, consisting of about four articulations, clavate above, and covered thinly with large, subelliptic, yellow sporidia.””—W. J. B. Gen. 228. RHINOTRICHUM, Corda. Threads erect, articulate, clavate above, and bearing spores attached to spicules.—Berk, Outl. p. 348. (Fig. 263.) 1765. Rhinotrichum Bloxami. B. & Br. “ Bloxam’s Rhinotrichum.” Scattered, white; fertile flocci ® clavate above; spores white, sub- > an te 4 a Fig. 263 elliptic—Ann. N.H. no. 541, t. 7, f.19. On dead wood. Twycross. [S. Carolina. ] Patches irregularly effused, seldom continuous, white or cream-coloured ; mycelium decumbent, white, septate ; fertile flocci erect, sometimes very sparingly divided ; tips clavate, bearing scattered spicules, surmounted by subelliptic or slightly obovate spores, which are sometimes obtuse, some- times apiculate ; sometimes the ultimate articulations are moniliform, very rarely the penultimate joint has one or two spicules.—B, & Br. 1766. _—§-- Rhinotrichum Thwaitesii. 2.4 Br. “ Thwaites’ Rhinotrichum.” Epigeous, yellow, effused; hyphasma woven ; fertile flocci ascending, dichotomous, apices slightly thickened.—B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 542, t. 6, f. 12. On the bare soil. Aug. Bristol. Patches suborbicular or confluent, thelephoroid, yellow, with a pale mar- gin; hyphasma consisting of closely packed, decumbent, articulate threads, the ends of which rise up and are branched dichotomously, their apices swelling slightly, and clothed with globose, echinulate, shortly pedicellate spores.— B. & Br. 1767. Rhinotrichum opuntia. 2. § Br. “ Cactus Rhinotrichum,” Flocci fureate, here and there swollen, ultimate ramuli clavate, with transverse rows of spores.—Ann. V.H. no. 761, t. 16, f. 13. MUCEDINES. 591 Near Woolwich. White; flocci rather thick, simple below, two or three times forked, slight, swollen here and there; ultimate divisions clavate, beset with transverse rows of globose spores.—B. & Br. 1768. Rhinotrichum repens. Preuss. “Creeping Rhinotrichum.” Mycelium effused, cinereous ; flocci branched, colourless, intri- cate, septate, creeping, branches erect, verrucose above, bearing ovate-acuminate, grey, smooth, nucleate spores.—Preuss. Sturm. xxv.t.22. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1149. On fallen trunks. Oct. May. Looks like a mere bloom, so that it might easily escape notice. The spores are borne on little wart-like projections on the upper portion of the branches. 1769. Rhinotrichum lanosum. Cooke. ‘“ Woolly Rhino- trichum.” White, witha pale ochraceous tinge, forming dense woolly tufts, barren flocci very delicate branched, ascending, fertile flocci decumbent, long, delicate, septate, with short patent branches, tips with 2-4 spicules, each with a single, obovate, hyaline spore.—Clinotrichum lanosum. Cooke eas. no. 356. Pop. Sci. Rev. Jan. 1871, t. 68, 7. 1-3. On damp wall paper. April. There are sometimes three or four, but more commonly one or two spores at the tips of the branches, each attached to a short spicule. We were at first disposed to regard this as the type of a new genus under the name of Clinotrichum, but, on more mature consideration, prefer including it here. (Fig. 263.) Gen, 229. . BOTRYTIS, Mich. Threads septate, irregularly or dicho- tomously branched, hyaline or coloured ; spores terminal.— Berk. Outl. p. 548. Ee (Fig. 264.) aa 1770. Botrytis Tilletii. Desm. “Tawny Botrytis.” Fertile flocci branched, tawny, ramuli very short and verticillate; spores sub- globose.—Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1838), x. Fig. 264. p. 808. Desm.exs.no.226. Br. 5 Br. Ann. no. 529. On moss and leaves, &ce. Wry; ~ One of the most splendid species of the genus, remarkable for its highly branched threads and verticillate ramuli, the colour of the whole plant is pale tawny or fawn.—B. & Br. 592 MUCEDINES. 1771. Botrytis citrina. Berk. ‘“ Lemon-coloured Botrytis.” At first white; fertile flocci erect, articulated, branched ; branches subcymose, lemon-coloured, as well as the obovate spores.— Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 127, t. 8, f. 12. On dead twigs of cherry. Summer. King’s Cliffe. Forming thin delicate mucedinous patches, about an inch across; mycel- ium nearly white, as indeed is the whole plant at first. (Fig. 264.) 1772. Botrytis Jonesii. 2.5 Br ‘ Rectangular Botrytis.” Flocci erect, branched above, branches and branchlets diver- gent, mostly opposite, ultimate ramuli fasciculate, central al- ways sterile, very acute; spores subglobose, echinulate-—B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 760, t. 15, f. 12. On dung of dogs, rabbits, &c. Woolwich. Wothorpe. Flocci erect, tinged with fawn colour, simple below, with a few straight main branches above, mostly at right angles, and often opposite. These are again divided once or twice in the same way, the central one being always barren, the others bearing about the middle fascicles of fertile branchlets, each tipped with asub-globose echinulate spore ("0003 in.) ‘0075 m.m, long.— B. & Br. 1773. Botrytis terrestris. P. “Terrestria Botrytis.” Fertile flocci branched above, white, branchlets quaternate, obtuse, sporiferous; spores globose.—VPers. M.H.i.p. 38. B. & Br, Ann. N.H. no. 240, t. 14, f. 24. Stachylidium terrestre, Fr. SM. im. p.391. Lng. Fl.v.p. 3841. Grev. W.1.t. 9, 7.0. «Gree: t. 257. On the naked ground, The sporidia are seated singly on the tips of theramuli. Mycelium dense, branched, intricate. LHasily distinguished by a peculiar, scattered, dot-like mode of growth.—M.J. B. Gen. 230. PERONOSPORA, De By. Parasitic threads mostly inar- ticulate; spores of two kinds, conidia on the tips of the branch- lets ; oospores large, globose, on the creeping mycelium.—Berk. Outl. p. 349. (Fig. 265.) Qe Ase Fig. 265, MUCEDINES. 593 1774. Peronospora infestans. Mont. “ Potato Peronospora.” Threads of mycelium slender, always destitute of suckers ; fertile threads thin, gradually attenuated upwards, with one to five branches, one or more inflated vesicles near the apices of the branches; branches either simple or with short branchlets ; acrospores ellipsoid or ovoid, apex furnished with a prominent papilla.— Cooke Micro. Fungi, t. 14, f. 264. Pop. Se. Rev. iii. t. 8, f. 3. Botrytis infestans. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 521. Journ. Hort. Soc.i. t.4. De Bary Ann. Sc. Nat. (1868). xx. t. 5, 6. Desm. exs. no. 1492. Rabh. exs.no. 1879. Fckl. eas. no. 87. Cooke eas. no. 192. Berk. exs. no. 345. On potato stems, leaves, and tubers, &c. Common. Producing the well-known potato disease. 1775. Peronospora nivea. Ung. “Parsnip Peronospora.” Threads of mycelium stout, often torulose; suckers nume- rous, vesicular, obovate; fertile threads fasciculate, dwarfish, tapering or subulate, or once or twice shortly bifurcate, rarely trifurcate, with one to four horizontal branches near the summit, once, twice, or three times bifurcate; acrospores subglobose or ovoid, with an obtuse papilla at the apex—Cooke Micr. F’. p. Botrytis macrospora. Ung. exs. t. 2, f. 14. B.& Br. Ann. N.H. no.527. Rabh. exs. no. 1172, F.E. no. 376. Fekl. exs. no. 27. Cooke éxs.no.191. Botrytis crustosa Fr. Berk. eas.no. 333. Eng. Fil. v.p. 348. On various Umbellifers. The roots of the plants which are infested with this mould are generally diseased, like the tubers of potatoes attacked by P. infestans. 1776. Peronospora pygmea. Ung. “Anemone Perono- spora.” Threads of mycelium thickened, often constricted and vari- cose ; suckers minute, obovate, or pear-shaped ; fertile threads fasciculate (2-5 or more), simple above, or divided at the apex into 2-4 short simple branches, or shortly twice dichotomous, or all simple, obtuse, surmounted by 2-4 short spicules ; acrospores ovoid or ellipsoid, variable in size; apices broadly and obtusely papillate—Cooke Micr. Fung. t. 15. f. 267. Ung. Bot. Zeit. 1847, t. 6, f.8. Botrytis curta. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 128, t. 8, f. 13. Berk. exs.no. 209. Corda. v.f.21. Rabh. exs. no. 373,374. Fckl. exs. no. 2. 20 594, MUCEDINES. On wood-anemone. Extremely minute, at length gray-brown ; flocci simple, abbreviated, their tips denticulate. 1777. Peronospora gangliformis. Berk. ‘“ Lettuce Peronospora.” Threads of the mycelium stout, now and then torulose; suckers vesicular, obovate, or clavate; fertile threads 2-6 times dichotomous, sometimes trichotomous; stems and primary branches slender, dilated or inflated above; the ultimate ramuli inflated at the apex into a turbinate or subglobose vesicle bear- ing from 2-8 subulate processes or spicules ; acrospores minute, subglobose ; apices with broad, depressed papille, produced on the spicular processes.—Cooke Micr. F.t. 14, f. 265. Pop. Se. Rev. iii. t. 8.7.4. Botrytis ganglioniformis. Berk. Journ. Hort. Soc. 1.t.4. Ann. N.H.no.526. Fekl. exs.no.33. Cooke exs. no. 190. Rabh. exs.no.1775, FE. no. 290. Bremia lactuce. Reg. Bot. Zeit. 1843, t. 3. B. Botrytis geminata. Ung. Bot. Zeit. 1847, t. 6, f. 9. On lettuce leaves. Spring. Common. 1778. Peronospora parasitica. Pers. “ Cabbage Peronospora.” Threads of the mycelium thickened and much branched ; suckers numerous, branched; branches clavate, obtuse; fertile threads thick, soft, flexile, equal, or unequal, 5-8 times dicho- tomous, rarely trichotomous; branches always repeatedly trifur- cate; acrospores broadly elliptical, very obtuse at the apex, white.-—Cooke Micr. Fung. t. 18, f. 262. Pop. Sc. Rev. uii.t.8, f. 1. Berk. exs. no. 831. Botrytis parasitica. Eng. Fl.v.p. 343. Pers. Obs. i.t.5, f. 5. Mucor botrytis. Sow. t.359. Ayres. exs. no. 50. Corda.v. f.18. Rabh. exs.no.175 and 324, FE. no. 86. Fekl. exs. no. 5.8.23. Cooke exs.no. 198. On cruciferous plants. Common. [Low. & Mid. Carolina. ] 1779. Peronospora vicie. Berk, ‘Pea Peronospora.” Fertile threads densely cespitose, erect, equal, rarely unequal. 6-7-8 times dichotomous; ultimate ramuli shortly subulate, acute ; acrospores ellipsoid, very obtuse at the apex, obtuse or slightly acute at the base ; membrane with a violaceous tint.— Cooke Mier. F.t.15, f. 266, t. 10, 7.212. Pop. Sc. Rev. iii.t. 8, f- 5. Botrytis vicia. Berk Journ. Hort. Soc.i. p. 31. B. §. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 524. Rabh. ews. ii. no. 490. On leaves of peas and tares. Common. MUCEDINES. 595 1780. Peronospora arenarie. Berk. ‘ Sandwort Perono- spora.” Fertile threads slender, 6-7 times equally, rarely unequally, dichotomous ; branches spreading ; ultimate ramuli slender, acute, subulate, nearly erect; acrospores broadly elliptical, oftentimes very obtuse, small; membrane scarcely violaceous.— Cooke Mier. F. t. 7, f. 268, ¢.10,f. 211. Pop. Sc. Rev. iii. t. 8, f. 6. Botrytis arenarie. Berk. Journ. Hort. Soc. i. p. 31. B. & Br. Ann. N.H.no.523. Fekl. exs. no. 18. De Bary Ann. Sc. Nat. (1863), xx. ¢. 13, f. 8, 9. ‘On leaves of Arenariatrinervis. June. 1781. Peronospora effusa. Grev. “Spinach Peronospora.” Fertile threads fasciculate, short, thick, 2-6, rarely 7 times dichotomous above ; acrospores broadly ellipsoid, sometimes very obtuse ; membrane with a violaceous tint.—Cooke Micr. F. t.10, f. 214,215. Rabh. exs. no. 1880. Fckl. exs. no. 11, 12. Botrytis effusa. Grev. Fl. ed.p.468. Eng. Fl. v. p. 343. Desm. Ann. Se. Nat. (1837), viii. t.1. Cooke eas. no. 293. Berk. exs. no. 53. On the under side of leaves of spinach, &c. Spring and autumn. Common. Forming effused spots 2-6 lines broad, generally rendering the leaf yellow. Flocci very short, often abruptly recurved. 1782. Peronospora urtice. Casp. “Nettle Peronospora.” Fertile threads small, loosely 4-6 times dichotomous; branches flexuose, ultimate ramuli subulate, arcuate, often deflexed; acrospores large, broadly ovoid or subglobose, distinctly pedicel- late; apices very obtuse; membrane violaceous.—Cooke Micr. F.p.216. De Bary Ann. Sc. Nat. (1863), xx. p. 116. Botrytis urtice. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 522. Cooke exs. no. 292. On leaves of common nettle. Patches small, orbicular, greyish lilac; flocci loosely divided above, branches forming an acute angle ; extreme ramuli simple or forked, some- times curved, very rarely inflated. Acrospores large, ovate, apex papille- form. 1783. Peronospora trifoliorum. DeBy. “Clover Peronospora.” Fertile threads caspitose; equally or unequally 6-7 times dichotomous, rarely trichotomous; ultimate branches subulate, 202 596 MUCEDINES. acute, slightly curved; acrospores ellipsoid, very obtuse ; mem- brane with a slightly violaceous tint; oospores large ; epispore brown.—Oooke Micr. F.p. 216. De Bary Ann. Sc. Nat. (1863), xx.p.117. Rabh.exs.no. 775, F.E. no. 375. Fckl. exs. no. 9. Cooke exs. no. 194. 1784. Peronospora grisea. Ung. ‘‘ Veronica Peronospora.” Fertile threads erect, fasciculate, grey, 5-7 times regularly dichotomous; branches gradually attenuated; primary oblique erect, others spreading, flexuose, ultimate mostly unequal, slightly arcuate; acrospores ellipsoid or ovoid, obtuse; mem- brane pale and dirty violet.—Ung. Bot. Zeit. 1847. Cooke Micr. Ft.10,f.218. Fekl. exs.no.10. De Bary Ann. Sc. Nat. (1863), xx. ¢.13,f.12. Botrytis grisea, B. § Br. Ann. H.N. no. 528. On leaves of Veronica beccabunga. May. 1785. Peronospora arborescens. Berk. ‘“ Poppy Peronospora.” Fertile threads slender, erect, 7-10 times dichotomous above ; branches more or less flexuose, squarrose, spreading, gradually attenuated; ultimate ramuli shortly subulate, more or less arcuate ; acrospores very small, subglobose ; membrane scarcely violaceous—.Cooke Micr. F. p. 217. De Bary Ann. Se. Nat. (1863), xx.p.119. Botrytis arborescens, Berk. Jour. Hort. Soc. i.p.31, t.4, £24. B.g& Br. Ann. N.H. no. 525. Rabh. eas. no. 323. Fckl. exs.no.4 & 138. On Papaver rheas. Common. 1786. Peronospora candida. /cki. ‘Primrose Peronospora.” Densely cxspitose, white; fertile threads slender 6-10 times dichotomously branched ; ultimate branchlets short, spreading ; acrospores ellipsoid or ovoid, obtuse, minute; oospores bright brown.—Fckl. exs. no.38. De Bary. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1868), xx. p. 120. Cooke Micr. Fung. 2nd ed. p. 225. On primrose leaves. Corwen, N. Wales. Forming dense white patches on the under surface of the leaves. 1787. Peronospora Schleideniana. De by. “ Onion Peronospora.” Fertile threads robust, erect, not septate, branched alternately ; ultimate ramuli forked and uncinate or divaricate; acrospores seated on the tips of the ultimate ramuli, obovoid or nearly pear-shaped, attenuated at the base; membrane of a dirty- MUCEDINES. 597 violet-colour.— Cooke Mier. Fung. t. 13, f.263. Pop. Se. Rev. iii. t.8, 7.2. De. Bary. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1863), xx. t. 13, f. 1-3. Botrytis destructor, Berk. Ann. N.H.no. 239, t. 13, f. 23. Fckl. exs. no. 41. On leaves of various species of Allium. Spring. Very common and destructive in some years, preventing the plants which are attacked from coming to perfection. Theindividual threads are distinct, but form large patches on the leaves, or even entirely cover them. Dis- tinguished easily by the peculiar shape of the acrospores. 1788. Peronospora violacea. Berk. ‘“Scabious Peronospora.” Fertile threads branched; acrospores sub-elliptical, violet- coloured.— Berk. Outl. p. 349. Cooke Mier. Fung. p. 217. On petals of Scabiosa arvensis. All that is known of this species is contained in the following note from the Rev. M. J. Berkeley : —‘‘It grew on the petals of the common scabious. I have not found it again, and have either lost or mislaid my specimens. You may describe it as lete violacea ; floccis ramosis ; sporis subellipticis, violaceis. Itis probably the Farinaria on Scabious of Sowerby.’—M.J-B. 1789. Peronospora sordida. Jeri. ‘“Figwort Peronospora.” Forming broad, izregular, dirty, pallid spots on the under surface of the leaves ; fertile threads loosely dichotomous above, tips forked, unequal; acrospores obovate, apiculate.—B. §- Br. Ann. N.H. no. 953. Cooke Micr. Fung. p. 217. Cooke exs. no. 291. On leaves of Scrophularia. Forming broad, irregular, dirty, pallid spots on the under side of the leaves; threads loosely dichotomous above; tips forked, unequal; acros- pores obovato apiculate (‘001 in.) ‘025 m.m. long. 1790. Peronospora sparsa. Jerk. ‘Rose Peronospora,” Fertile threads scattered, by no means torulose; ultimate branches scarcely uncinate, dichotomous, pallid grey; acro- spores sub-elliptical.— Berk. Gard. Chron. 1862, p. 308, fig. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1057. Cooke Micr. Fung. p. 217. On the under side of rose leaves. 1791. Peronospora obliqua. Cooke. ‘ Dock Peronospora.” Threads of the mycelium slender; fertile threads fasciculate, erect, simple, rarely bifurcate, attenuated upwards; acrospores large, ellipsoid, attached obliquely near the base.-—Cooke Micr. Fung. t.16, f. 269. B.g§ Br. Ann. N.H. no.1058. Cooke eas. no.195. Ascomyces Rumicis, Mont. On the under surface of dock leaves. Winter and spring. Common. 598 MUCEDINES. Brownish circular spots on the leaves indicate the presence of this mould, which is so minute that it might otherwise be overlooked. Spores with a slight swelling towards the base (‘001 in.) ‘025 m.m. long, often set on obliquely ; sometimes they give off below a second spore, and very ocea- sionally thereis a septum in the threads. Gen. 231. ACROSPEIRA, B. & Br. Hyphasma decumbent ; fertile flocci erect, branched above, apex of the ramuli somewhat quadri-articulate, spirally convolute; spores subglobose, granulated, springing from one or other of the articulations.—B. & Br. Ann. N. H. no. 952. (Fig. 266.) 1792. Acrospeira mirabilis. B. § Br. “* Curious Acrospeira.” Fertile flocci branched; branches convolute at their apices, four ter- minal joints swollen; spores sabglobose, springing from the second joint.— Berk. Inir. p. 305, f. 69a. Ann. N.H. no. 952. On sweet chestnuts. Bristol. A most curious fungus, in which the dark granulated spores are formed by a transformation of the second joint from the top of the branchlets. Ali the four terminal joints swell, but the second only in general proves fertile, though in a few instances the terminal joint also is transformed. —M.J.B. (Fig. 266.) VERTICILLIUM, Link. Flocci septate, hyaline or coloured ; branches verticillate; spores apical._— Berk. Outl. p. 849. (Fig. 267.) 1793. ‘Verticillium apicale. 2B. 4 Br. ‘« Short-branched Verticillium.” Effused, olivaceous-black; flocei straight, ramuli apical, very short, incrassated at the base; spores glo- bose.—Ann. N.H. no. 531, t. 7, f. 17. Fig. 267. On decorticated oak branches. Feb. Wraxall, Somerset. MUCEDINES. 599 Effused, forming small dark thin patches ; flocci erect, rather closely articu- late, bearing at the apex a coronet of very short branches, which are swollen at the base, and strongly attenuated upwards ; spores globose. There is sometimes the rudiment of a lower whorl of branchlets.—B. & Br. 1794. Verticillium nanum. 2.4 28r. “Dwarf Verticillium.” Minute, white; flocci vagrantly branched, ramuli opposite ; spores elliptic.—B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 532, t. 7, f. 18. On pears. Cranford Bridge. Very minute. An obscure species, in which the whorl of ramuli is reduced to two, by which it is distinguished, as well as by the elliptic spores. 1795. Verticillium epimyces. B.¢ Br. “ Parasitic Verticillium.” Effused, white, with a flesh coloured tinge ; flocci trifid ; ramuli subternate, elongated ; spores oblong.—Br. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 533, t.7, f. 15. : On decayed Elaphomyces. Oct. Rudloe, Wilts. White, with a flesh coloured tinge, forming thin effused patches, which appear compact, and not the least byssoid. Threads once or twice trifid, rarely bifid, ultimate ramuli ternate or binate, slightly swollen below, at- tenuated upwards ; spores terminal, at first globose, then elongated, when perfect 4-5 times as long as broad.—B. & Br. 1796. Verticillium distans. B.¢ Br. “ Distant Verticillium.” Scattered, snow-white; flocci slender; branches alternate, ramuli rather long, regularly attenuated; spores oblong, endo- chrome bipartite —B. § Br. Ann. N.H.no. 534. t.7,f. 16. On herbaceous stems. Cranford Bridge. Threads short, slender, branched alternately, ramuli 4-6 in a whorl, rather long, regularly attenuated, whorls distant. Gen. 233. HAPLARIA, Link. eB if Flocci simple or forked, jointed; spores ae scattered over the tips of the threads.—Berk. | Outl. p. 349. (Fig. 268.) Fig. 268 1797. Haplaria grisea. Lik. “ Grey Haplaria,”’ Fertile flocci scattered, sub-simple, equal, grey; sporidia of the same colour, collected here and there in heaps upon the filaments.—Nees. f.49. Botrytis grisea, Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 342. 600 MUCEDINES. On decaying vegetables. Autumn. Especially delighting in Sparganiwm. ‘‘Flocci simple or forked, grey, slender, but rather rigid, septate ; at the sides and apices are little heaps of globose grey sporidia, giving it at first a whorled aspect. They soon fall off and leave the flocci naked.”—M.J.B. (Fig. 268.) Gen. 234. POLYACTIS, Link. Floeci septate, brownish, branched above; spores hyaline, in terminal clusters.—Berk. Outl. p. 350. (Fig. 269.) 1798. Polyactis vulgaris. Z. ‘Common Polyactis.” Flocci grey, sterile, rather fleecy ; fertile divided at the apex into lobe-like branchlets, on which are collected the globose, minute sporidia.—WNees. Sys. f. 57. Botrytis vulgaris. Berk. Eng. Fil. v. p. 342. On rotting plants, gourds, and cabbages. Common. Variable in ramification, and in colour of the sporidia. (Fig. 269.) 1799. Polyactis cana. Berk, “ Hoary Polyactis.” Flocci cinereous, or whitish, sterile effuse, fertile branched at the apex; sporidia large, oval— Botrytis cana. Berk. Eng- Fly. p. 842. Fr. SM. iii. p. 397. Cooke exs. no. 355. On rotting stems and leaves. Easily distinguished from its allies by the large, oval sporidia ; branches rather compact, growing in a botryoid rather than racemose form.—Hng- Fl 1800. Polyactis vera. Jerk. “ Micheli’s Polyactis.” Flocei grey, sterile rather fleecy, fertile branched above, forming spikes about the slender apices; spores ?—Botrytis vera. Berk, Eng. Fl.v. p. 348. Bot. spicata, Mich. t. 91, f. 4. Mucor. botrytis. Bolt. t.182,f. 8. On Polyporous versicolor. Near Halifax. This species appears to have been found by Bolton, and by no one else in Britain, MUCEDINES. 601 1801. Polyactis cinerea. Berk, ‘Cinereous Polyactis.” Fertile flocci, gregarious, subsimple, cinereous, soon strangu- lated; spores attached here and there, globose, whiter than the flocci.— Botrytis cinerea. Berk. Eng. Fl.v. p. 342. Pers. Disp. Bian7..0, 10. On stems of herbaceous plants. Common. [Mid. Carolina. ] This mould is usually found springing from Sclerotium durum, which would seem to be the condensed mycelium of this species. 1802. Polyactis fascicularis. (Corda. “ Fasciculate Polyactis.” Tufts minute, black-brown, shining, frosted above; flocci erect, fastigiate, slightly flexuose, crowded, brown, semi-pellu- cid above and branches colourless heads of spores spherical, white, shining ; spores oblong.—Quekett Journ. 1870, t. 6. Corda. Muced. t. 16. Penicillium fasciculatum. Ann. N.H. no. 129. Berk. exs. no. 210. On decayed vegetable substances. The spores are comparatively large, and the flocci connate at the base. Gen. 235. PENICILLIUM, Link. Flocci divided above in a fasciculate manner, septate, as well as the branch- lets, which are terminated by neck- laces of spores, collected into tassel- like heads. —Berk. Outl. p. 350. (Fig. 270.) i803. Penicillium crustaceum., Fy. ‘*Crustaceous Mould.” Sterile flocci white, forming a close erust-like web, fertile somewhat branched, intricate, bifido-penicillate above ; sporidia verdigris-green.— Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 344. P. glaucum. Grev. t. 58, f.l. Fig. 270. On all sorts of decaying bodies. Very common. var. iG. coremium. Fertile flocci, woven into a dense white stem.—Floccaria glauca. Grev. t. 301. Byssus scoparia. FI. Dan. t. 897, f.1. 205 602 MUCEDINES. On gum, apples, &c. [ United States. ] The mycelioid condition of this species constitutes what is known as ‘‘the vinegar plant.” 1804. Penicillium sparsum. Grev. “Scattered Pencillium.” Sterile flocci effuse, fertile threads simple, scattered, penicil- late above; sporidia white—Grev. Wern. Trans. iv. t.5, f. 5. Se. Crypt. Fl. t.58, f.2. Berk. Eng. Fl. v.p. 344. On semi-putrid stems of Burdock. ‘* This species forms whitish spots, 3-1 in. long by several lines wide. On these spots the little pure white heads are very visible to the naked eye, dis- persed in a scattered manner over the surface. The threads are simple, erect, and remotely jointed, dividing at the summit into two, and then sub- dividing into a number of short attenuated ramuli, covered with a profusion of spores.’—Grev. 1805. Penicillium bicolor. /7. “ Bicoloured Penicillium.” Sterile flocci effuse, yellowish, fertile fasciculate, crowded, penicillate above; spores glaucous.—F’r. S.M. iti. p.408. Berk. Outl. p. 850. Pers. Obs. ii. t. 4, f.9. Link. Obs. 1. f. 31. On decaying substances. Autumn. Flocci distinctly coloured. 1806. Penicillium candidum. Zk, “ White Penicillium.” Sterile flocei woven together, pure white, fertile threads branched, penicillate; sporidia pure white-—JBerk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 344. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 409. On various decaying substances. [ Mid. Carolina. ] var. [3s coremium. Subclavate; flocci woven into astem. —Coremium candidum. Nees. t. 86. On decaying substances. Peniciiiium rosrum. Link. is an imperfect condition of Mucor hyalinus. 1807. Penicillium chartarum. Cooke. “Paper Penicillium.” Tufts suborbicular, or irregular, olivaceous; fertile flocci simple or slightly branched below, shortly and dichotomously branched above, with terminal fascicles of oblong moniliform spores ; strings of spores simple or branched; pale olive. —Pop. Sci. Rev. Jan. 1871, t. 68, f. 4. On wall paper, in company with Sporidesmium Alternaria (no, 1440). MUCEDINES. 603 In some features this much resembles P. olivacewm, Corda, but differs in the spores being oblong instead of globose, and in the ramifications of the flocci. It forms more or less orbicular patches of from § to 2in. in diameter, often springing from the same spots, and apparently the same mycelium as Sporidesmium alternarie. (See no. 1440.) (Fig. 270.) 1808. Penicillium subtile. Perk. ‘‘ Minute Penicillium.” Very minute, snow-white ; hyphasma creeping, very delicate ; fertile flocci erect, simple, or ternate; chains of broadly elliptic spores scanty.—Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 241, t. 14, f. 25. Inside a decayed willow. Spring. Tansor, Norths. Extremely minute and delicate, presenting to the naked eye nothing more than a white mealy bloom. Fertile threads mostly simple, but sometimes ternate, giving off a few chains of rather large, broadly elliptic spores, each furnished at either end with a little apiculus.—M.J.B. Gen. 236. OIrDIUM, Link. Flocci very short, producing a moniliform string of spores by tomiparous division.— Berk. Outl. p. 350. (Fig. 271.) i809. Gidium chartaxum. Zk. “ Paper Oidium.” Flocci decumbent, somewhat branched, black; articulations oval.— Link. Sp.1, p.124. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 1380. On damp paper. King’s Cliffe. This is probably a condition of some higher form of paper mould. 1810. Oidium aureum. JZ. “Golden Oidium.” Tufts dense, at first villous, white, at length golden yellow; fertile flocci breaking up into oval joints.—Berk. Eng. Fl.v. p. 348. Nees. f. 44. Torula aurea, Corda. Ic. t. 8, f.56. Mucor quer- neus, Sow. t. 378, f. 12. On rotten wood. [ Mid. Carolina. ] The colour of ‘‘ golden chrome.” isil. Oidium fulvum. Zk. “ Tawny Oidium.” Tufts dense, at first white and villous, at length tawny : fer- tile flocci breaking up into oblong-lanceolate joints.—Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p.348. Torula fulva, Corda. Ic.t.8, f. 37. Berk. exs. no. 295. On very rotten wood. *‘ Joints oblongo-lanceolate, the lanceolate form arising from a little trun- cate sub-cylindric apiculus.”—J/./.B. (Fig. 271.) 604: MUCEDINES. 1812. Oidium fructigenum. Schrad. “Fruit Oidium.” Tufts subcompact, at first villous, with white branched flocci, then with simple, cream-coloured flocci breaking up into oval, pellucid joints—Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 349. Kunze. Myc. Steft. t.2,f.22. Torulafructigena. Pers. Obs.t.1,f. 7. Corda. ii. f. 34. On decayed pears, apples, plums, &c. [ United States. ] ** There is a distinct hemispheric black stroma resembling a Selerotiwm. Cream coloured, greyish or fawn-coloured.”—WM. J. B. 1813. Oidium fasciculatum. Berk. ‘“Fasciculate Oidium.” Filaments branched, somewhat fasciculate, erect, forming spreading tufts, white at first, at length of a fine glaucous hue. Berk. Eng. Fl. v.p. 849. Acrosporium fasciculatum. Grev. Fl. Ed. p.469. On putrefying oranges. **Commencing at first in minute, distinct, pulverulent spots, which speedily become confluent and deep glaucous.”—Grev. 1814. Oidium porriginis. Mont. U.S.S. “ Porrigo Oidium.” Mycelium flexuous, simple, branched or forked, without septa; spores ovoid, or triangular or quadrilateral, with the angles rounded, variable.—B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 546. Achorion Schenleinti. Remate in Robin. t.3,f.10. Fox, skin diseases 1863, t.1.f.1. Kuchenmeister t. 3, f. 6. On Porrigo lupinosa. 1815. Oidium favorum. £.¢ Br. “Honey-comb Oidium.” Flocci erect, septate ; spores yellow, short, subcylindrical.— Ann. N.H.no. 762, t.16, f. 14. On honey-comb. Flocci erect, white, septate, and slightly torulose below ; above bearing a few short cylindrical yellow spores. These spores wheu fallen seem to acquire a septum, and then to be gradually attenuated at either end. A new septum is then formed in either division constituting an irregularly fusiform body.—B. & Br. 1816. Oidium equivocum. BZ. 5 Lr. “ Equivocal Oidium.” Tufts inconspicuous to the naked eye; flocci of spores, erect, simple; spores elongated, apiculate at each end, diaphanous, whitish —Ann. N.H. no. 821. Torula equivoca. Corda. ii. t. 9. an f. 37. On Polyporus Schweinitzii. MUCEDINES. 605 1817. Oidium concentricum. #.5 Br. “ Concentric Oidium.” Tufts delicate, maculeform, rounded, scattered, sometimes confluent ; flocci erect; spores straight, large, fusiform, greyish- white.—B. § Br. Ann, N.H. no. 547. Cylindrosporium concentri- cum. Ung. Exan.t.2, f. 9. Fusisporium urtice. Desm. exs. no. 230. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1838), x. p. 309. On leaves of various plants. Variable. In all the forms we believe that the threads protrude through the stomata. Amongst the spores some occur which are large and unisep- tate. It is possible that after the spores fall they may increase in size.— B. & Br. Orpium moniuiorpEs. Lk. See Erysiphe graminis. Orpium tucKERI. B. Gard. Chron. 1847, p.779. Ann. N.H. no. 544. Orpium ABorTiFAcIENS. B. Ann. N.H. no. 545. Ergotetia abortifaciens Quekett. See Claviceps purpurea. O1nium BALsAMII. Mont. B.¢ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 763. Gard. Chron. Ap. 15, 1854, on Verbascum nigrum and strawberries. OrpIUM ERYSIPHOIDES. F’r. Orpium LevcoconiumM. Desm. Berk. exs.no. 100. See Sphe- rotheca pannosa. These are all conidiophorous conditions of other fungi. Gen. 237. STYSANUS, Corda. V0 Stem erect, carnoso-cellulose, apex ex- panded into a hemispherical or cylindrical head; spores simple, apiculate at each end, connate in simple or branched moni- liform threads.—Corda. Icon. i. p. 22. (Fig. 272.) 1818. Stysanus stemonitis. Corda. “Clavate Stysanus.” Gregarious ; stem simple, slender, brown-black, fibrous, ending above in a cylindrical head of spores; threads of spores slightly branched, glaucous ; spores oval, concatenate, glaucescent, diapha- Fig. 272. nous, often with a solitary nucleus.— Corda. Icon. i. f. 283, Fekl. exs.no. 175. Periconia stemonitis Pers. Syn. t. 8,f.15. 606 MUCEDINES. On rotten sticks, dung, &c. To the naked eye very like a small ith. i of distinct parallel, septate threads, Wwe > oa Gen. 238. MONILIA, Hill. Flocei erect, jointed ; head none ; bearing fasciculate neck- laces of spores at their apices.— Berk. Outl.p.351. (Fig. 273.) 1si9. Monilia fasciculata. Corda. “ Fasciculate Monilia.” Grey, scattered, gregarious, simple; heads of spores lax, some- what drooping; spores moniliform. — Berk. Outl. p.351. Briarea ele- gans. Corda. St. ui. t. 6. Monilia penicillata. Eng. Fl.v. p. 344. Grev. Fig, 273. ¢. 32. On dead grass. _ Dark grey, flocci articulate, constricted at the articulations, head drooping in consequence of the weight of the spores.—Eng, Fl. (Fig. 273.) 1820. Monilia racemosa. Purt. ‘‘ Racemose Monilia.” Flocci czespitose, branched in a racemose manner; chains of sporidia lateral and terminal, ternate——Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 345. Monilia cespitosa. Purt. iii. t.34. Mucor cespitosus. Bolt. t. 182, Jf. 2. Aspergillus terrestris. Mich. t. 91, f. 4. On decaying substances. Gen. 239. DACTYLIUM, Nees. Flocci erect, jointed, branched, bearing at the tips of the branch- lets, either scattered or in tufts, septate spores.—Berk. Outl. p. 351. (Fig. 274.) Vig. 274. MUCEDINES. 607 1821. Dactylium pyriferum. 77. “ Pear-seeded Dactylium.” Flocci aggregate, white, here and there branched ; sporidia pyriform, septa evanescent.—Berk. Eng. Fl.v. p. 349. On decaying stems of herbaceous plants. ‘‘ Forming little white confluent tufts ; flocci very slightly branched; spo- ridia often lateral, shaped exactly like a grape seed, the upper swollen por- men filled with a granulate mass, the lower pellucid, and apparently solid.” SB. 1822. Dactylium tenellum. fr. “ Small Dactylium.” Flocci aggregate, white, fertile flocci branched, somewhat ver- ticillate; spores quaternate, obovate, septate.—Fr. S.M. ii. p. 413. B. § Br. Ann. N.H.n0.536. On moss. March. Dundee. A small and beautiful species, scarcely visible to the naked eye. 1823. Dactylium macrosporum. Fr. “ Large-spored Dactylium.” Flocci aggregate, white and rose-coloured; branchlets of the fertile flocci very short, sub-verticillate, ending in obovate-cylin- dric, subternate, now and then septate spores.—F'r. S.M. iil. p. 414, Eng. Fl.v.p. 345. Sturm. t. 50. On the ground, amongst moss, &e. [Low. & Mid. Carolina. | 1824. Dactylium spherocephalum. Berk. “ Round-headed Dactylium.” White; hyphasma thin, decumbent ; fertile flocci erect, more or less ternate above, heads subglobose, 10-12 spored; spores oblong, very shortly pedicellate, 3-septate—Ann. N.H. no. 243. t.14, f. 27. On dead twigs of ivy. Lambley, Norths. Forming a thin white stratum, with the heads visible to the naked eye ; hyphasma decumbent, branched, articulated ; fertile flocci erect, articulated, naked below, above branched in a more or less ternate manner; branchlets slightly swollen at the base, attenuated above; spores forming subglobose heads, attached by very short peduncles, oblong-elliptic, triseptate. White in every stage of growth, by which it is distinguished, and by the large heads of distinctly septate spores.—M.J.B. (Fig. 274.) 1825. Dactylium dendroides. 77. “ Tree-like Dactylium.” Flocci aggregate, very much branched, white, branchlets race- mose; spores terminal, obovate-cylindrical, septate.—Lr. SM. 608 MUCEDINES. iii. p.414. Eng. Fl.v.p.345. Quekett Journ. 1870, t.4. Tul. Carp. iii. t. 5, f. 1-15. Mucor dendroides, Bull. t. 504, f. 9. On agarics. Common, [ Mid. Carolina. ] The sporidia are very rarely septate.—U.J.B. Tulasne records this as a state of Hypomyces rosellus. 1826. Dactylium obovatum. Berk. “ Obovate Dactylium.” White, pulvinate ; flocci very slender, simple; spores obovate, apical, often binate, uniseptate.—Ann. N.H. no. 242, t.14, f. 26. On willow twigs. King’s Cliffe. Forming minute white tufts, springing up about the ostiola of some Spheria. Flocci erect, simple, not articulated, bearing at their apices one or two broadly obovate uniseptate, shortly pedicellate spores. It differs from D. rosewm in its spores not being constricted, and the absence of any tint of rose-colour.—M.J.B. 1827. Dactylium roseum. Jerk. “ Rosy Dactilium.” Flocci branched, cespitoso-intricate, covering the rose coloured, oblong, uniseptate spores.—Ann. N.H. no. 242. Trichothecium roseum, Fr, S.M. iii. p.427. Grev.t. 172. Eng. Fl. v. p.348. Berk. exs.no.99. Cooke exs.no. 854. On decaying plants. Common. [ United States. ] Dacryxium Tenvissiuum. Berk. Trans. Hort. Soc.i. t. 4, f. 20, 21. Ann. N.H. no. 537. Undoubtedly a state of Fusarium Solani- tuberost. Desm. Gen. 240. CYLINDRIUM, Bonorden. Flocci rudimentary, supporting monili- form threads, which are sometimes forked, breaking up into septate spores.—Jon. Myc. p. 34. This genus differs from Oidiwm in the septate spores. (Fig. 275.) Fig. 275. 1828. Cylindrium septatum. Zon. “Septate Cylindrium.” Effused, white ; spores attached end to end, and sometimes forked, cylindrical, obtuse, hyaline, triseptate.—Bonorden Myc. f. 16. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 954. On decayed wood, Forming a white bloom on the matrix. (Fig, 275.) MUCEDINES. 609 Gen. 241. FUSIDIUM, Link. IN Flocci coloured, very delicate, evanescent ; U\ spores straight, fusiform.—Berk. Outl.p. 351. Z| XY (Fig. 276.) 1829. Fusidium griseum. Jk. “Grey Fusidium.” Spot-like; flocci very delicate, evanescent ; spores fusiform, straight, greyish-white.—Sturm. t.17. Grev.t.102,f.1. Cooke exs.no.198. Fusisporium griseum. Berk. exs.no.821. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 447. Eng. Fl. v.p. 352. On dead leaves. Common. 1830. Fusidium flavo-virens. /7. ‘“ Yellow Fusidium.” Spot-like; flocci very delicate, evanescent ; spores aggregate, fusiform, straight,yellow-green.—Ditm. Sturm. t. 18. Grev. t. 102, f.2. Cooke exs,no.245. Fusisporium flavo-virens, Fr. S.M. iii. p.446. Eng. Fl.v.p.351. Berk. exs. no. 218. On dead leaves. Common. 1831. Fusidium album. Desm. “ White Fusidium.” Tufts small, scattered, white, sometimes confluent ; flocci few, evanescent; spores ellipsoid or fusiform, minute, white.—Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1838, x.p. 309. Desm. exs.no.229. Moug. exs. no. 894. Ann. N.H. no. 248. On dry, green leaves of oak. Melton, Norths. Shere, Surrey. Gen, 242. SPOROTRICHUM, Link. Flocci ascending, tufted, septate ; spores simple, scattered, at first con- cealed.— Berk. Outl. p. 352. (Fig. 277.) It may be doubted whether there are any genuine species of this genus, whose char- acters are very uncertain. They are mostly conidiiferous states of other plants.—M/./.B. 610 MUCEDINES. 1832. Sporotrichum chlorinum. Zk. “ Yellow-green Sporotrichum.” Erect, intricate ; flocci dense, very soft, simple and branched; spores heaped together, globose, yellow-green.—Link. Sp.i.p. 17. Fr. S.M. ii. p.421. Eng. Fl. v. p. 346. On dry leaves. Glasgow. 1833. Sporotrichum aurantiacum. Grev. ‘“‘ Orange Sporotrichum.” Tufts of a reddish orange, filaments very slender, much en- tangled; spores globose, extremely minute.—Grev. Wern. Trans. iv. ¢.5,f.4. Eng. Fl. v. p. 347. On dung, &e. ** Tufted, of a beautiful orange colour, which acquires a reddish tinge with age. Tufts generally about a line in breadth, but sometimes almost con- fluent. Threads very fine and much entangled.”—Grrev, 1834. Sporotrichum sulphureum. Grevr, ‘“Sulphury Sporo trichum.” Flocci forming minute tufts, at length evanescent; spores minute, globose, heaped together, sulphur-yellow.—Grev. t. 108, f.2. Wern. Trans.iv.f.3. Eng. Fl.v.p. 347. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 423. Berk. exs. no. 211. In cellars, on corks, &. Common. [ Mid. Carolina. ] ** Tufted, roundish, of a pleasant yellow-colour, varying in shade accord- ing to age. Tufts 3-2 lines in breath. Threads remotely jointed, loosely interwoven, and occasionally branched.” —Grev. (Fig. 277.) 1835. Sporotrichum laxum. ink. “ Lax Sporotrichum.” Very delicate, lax; flocci few, white, as well as the oval spores.—Link. Sp.1,p.1. Nees. f.45. Hng. Fl.v.p. 347. 8S. minutum. Grev.t.108,f.1. Wern. Trans. iv. f.1. On various substances. Common. Easily recognised by its oval spores. ‘Small, very white, tufted, sometimes crowded together. Tufts about 4 line in diameter. Threads under the microscope loosely interwoven, seldom and irregularly branched, and somewhat attenuated.’—Grev. 1836. Sporotrichum inosculans. Berk, ‘ Dark Sporo- trichum,” Effuse, dark umber-brown, forming a velvety crust ; flocci erect, virgate; spores minute, elliptic.—Eng. Fl. v. p. 346. On Thelephora, Appin, MUCEDINES. 611 SporotrichuM GEocHRoum. Eng. Fl.v.p.346, is the coni- diiferous condition of some Hypoxylon—M.J.B. 1837. Sporotrichum fenestrale. Ditm. “ Window-glass Sporotrichum.” Tufted, very minute; flocci much branched, centrifugal, decum- bent, septate, whitish; spores globose, dingy.—Ditm.Sturm. ni. é.1. On glass. Common. Gen. 243. ZYGODESMUS, Corda. Flocci short, erect, springing from the creep- ing sterile threads ; joints here and there cut half way through.—Berk. Outl. p.3d2. (Fig. 278.) Fig. 278. 183s. Zygodesmus fuscus. Corda. “ Brown Zygodesmus.”” Crustaceous, effused, velvety, brown ; flocci branched, septate, clear brown, sporidiferous, ramuli erect, short ; spores globose, aculeate, yellow-brown.—Corda. iv. f. 81. Curr. Mier. Journ. v. p. 127, t. vil. f. 41. On decayed wood and fallen branches. [United States. | Easily recognised by the reddish-brown color of the filaments, and by the echinulate spores.—Cwrr. Gen. 244. VIRGARIA, Nees. Flocci erect, dichotomous, virgate, black, septate; spores minute, scattered over the branches.—Berk. Outl. p. 352. (Fig. 279.) 1839. Virgaria nigra. Fr. “ Black Virgaria.” Flocci erect, dichotomously virgate, black, attenuated at their apices ; spores globose, of the same colour.—Wees. f. 52. Sporo- trichum nigrum, Eng. Fl. v.p. 346. Botrytis nigra, Grev. t. 274. On dead trunks, &c. (Fig. 279.) 612 MUCEDINES. Gen. 245. BOLACOTRICHA, B. & Br. Flocci unbranched, jointed, curled at the top; spores large, glo- bose, shortly pedicellate, conglomerated towards their base-—Berk. Outl. p. 308. Ann. dNGHoie: 506. (Fig. 280.) Fig. 280. 1840. Bolacotricha grisea. 2.5 Br. ‘Grey Balocotricha.”’ Effused, grey; flocci thicker below, flexuous, tips curved, irregularly articulated; spores conglomerate, globose.—Ann. N.H. no. 506, t.5,f. 4. On dead cabbage stalks, &c. Tufts resembling strongly those of Myzxotrichum chartarum, but rather larger, forming large effused, grey patches ; threads thicker at the base, flexuous, pale purple under the microscope, strongly curved at the tips like little tendrils, sparingly articulate at irregular distances, or perfectly con- tinuous ; spores conglomerate, large, 5-8 times as broad as the threads globose ; episporium thin; endochrome strongly granulated. (fig. 280.) Gen. 246. MYXOTRICHUM, Kunze. Flocci branched, bearing /¢\ towards their base little con- Br je glomerated masses of spores. RX yy x —Berk. Outl. p. 353. WAN y ) . ¥ 4 Fi aD, if Don (Fig. 281.) AEE MS = 1841. Myxotrichum chartarum. ze. “Paper Myxo- trichum.” Forming little patches, dark grey, globose; flocci esspitose, decumbent, divaricately branched, erect, emergent, uncinate at - the apex ; spores in clusters at the tips of the branches, sub- globose, at first concatenate-—Kunze M.H. ii. p. 110, t.2,f.1. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 121. Berk. exs.no. 207. Corda. vi. f. 23. Sturm. vi. t. 40. On straw, &c. (Fig. 281.) MUCEDINES. 6138 1842. Myxotrichum deflexum. Jerk. “ Deflexed Myxo- trichum.” Forming little patches, consisting of grey downy balls; flocci radiating, branched ; branches opposite, deflexed, attenuated up- wards; branchlets few, short, acute; spores basal, in patches, oblong-elliptic.—Ann. V.H. no. 122,t. 8,7. 9. On damp paper and wood. Forming little patches, consisting of little grey downy balls; from these arise a number of radiating threads, furnished with a few opposite deflexed branches, which decrease in size from the base upwards, so as to give the appearance of a little grove of larches. The branches have occasionally a few short acute branchlets, which are often alternate; spores collected in patches about the base of the threads, oblong-elliptic. Distinguished from M. chartarum by the absence of the curved apices of the flocci, by the rec- tangular and deflexed branches, and by the main threads being generally simple, orif branched not trifid or subeymose. Gen. 247. GONYTRICHUM, Nees. Flocci branched, here and there bearing knots, from which spring the verticillate, fertile, septate threads, crowned at their tips with a globose mass of spores.—Berk. Outl. p. 353. (Fig. 282.) Fig. 282. 1843. Gonytrichum cesium. Vees. “Grey Gonytrichum.” Flocci tufted, intricate, bluish-grey, nodose at the joints, from which spring the branches and branchlets ; spores conglo- bated, globose, pellucid— ees. Nov. A.N.C. ix. p. 244, f. 14. Corda. ii. f. 51. Mysxotrichum cesium. Fr. S.M. iil. p. 348. Eng. Fi. v. p. 335. On fallen branches. Apethorpe, &e. Forming dense greyish tufts, at length black, consisting of very much branched fibres; branches patent, nodose at their origin, and there fur- nished with numerous globose spores.—M. J. B. 1844. | Gonytrichum fuscum. (Corda. ‘ Brown Gonytrichum.” Tufts pulvinate, brown; flocci fragile, blackish-brown, opaque; branches subulate; spores scattered, white, globose.— Corda.i. f. 160. Cooke evs. no. 848. B. § Br. Ann. NH. no. 1054. On rotten sticks. Aug. (Fig. 282.) 614. MUCEDINES. Gen. 248. MENISPORA, Pers. Flocci erect, jointed; spores hetero- geneous, acrogenous, fusiform, or cylin- drical, simple, at first joined together in bundles, then irregularly scattered over the flocci.—Berk. Outl. p. 353. (Fig. 283.) 1845. Menispora lucida. Corda. “Shining Menispora.” Tufts minute, brown ; flocci erect, lax, unequally septate or nodulose, brown below, semi-pellucid, white above; spores Fig. 283. fusiform, somewhat curved, obtuse, white.— Corda. 1. t. 4, f.223. B.& Br. Ann. N.H. no. 530. On decayed wood. Jan. Lambley, Notts. (Fig. 283.) 1846. Menispora ciliata. Corda. “Fringed Menispora.” Tufts somewhat effused, olivaceous, tomentose; flocci erect, dichotomous, lax, irregularly septate, sometimes incurved, olive- brown, pellucid; spores fusiform, colourless, furnished at each extremity with a long slender cilium.—Corda. i. f. 222. Rabh. FE. no. 881. On sticks. Dec. Jan. Batheaston. Gen. 249. CHZTOPSIS, Grev. Flocci erect, jointed, subulate, be- \ low branched and verticillate, above simple and flagelliform ; spores cylin- drical, springing from the tips of the branchlets. —Berk. Outl. p. 353. (Fig. 284.) 1847. Chetopsis Wauchii. Grev. “ Wauch’s Cheetopsis.” Flocci aggregate, brown-black, quite simple, above; spores oblong- cylindrical, grey; conglomerated just Fig. 284. above the base upon very short MUCEDINES. 615 branchlets.—Grev. t. 236. Corda.i. f. 242. Dematium griseum. Pers. M.E.i.p.15. Eng. Fl.v.p.337. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 364. On decayed wood. Easily recognised by the greyish cylindrical masses of spores, just above the base of the threads; spores sometimes six times as long as broad, and very slightly, but decidedly curved with a round, pellucid globule in the centre ; branchlets very obscure, if not altogether wanting; several flocci frequently pass through the same heap of spores. (Fig. 284.) Gen. 250. ACREMONIUM, Link. a=Fe, Flocci creeping, jointed, be- set with short patent branches, each of which bears a spore.— j-: Berk. Outl. p. 353. (Fi ag. 2 85.) Fig, 285. 1848s. Acremonium verticillatum. Zz. “ Verticillate Acremonium,” White; fertile branchlets whorled; spores ovate.—Link. Sp. i. p. 44. Grev.t.124,f.2. Fr. S.M.iii. p. 425. Eng. Fl. v.p. 347. On dead wood and trunks. Spring. Edinburgh. (Fig. 285, b. magnified.) 1849. Acremonium alternatum. JZ. “ Alternate Acremonium,” White ; fertile branchlets alternate ; spores globose.—Link. Sp.i.p. 74. Sturm.t.2. Eng. Fl.v.p.347. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 425. On decaying leaves. Autumn. Stibbington, Hunts. (Fig. 285, a. magnified.) 1850. Acremonium fuscum. Schm. ‘“ Brown Acremonium.’ Olive-brown, fertile branchlets opposite or alternate; spores globose.—Schmidt. M.H., i. t.2,f.23. Grev. t. 124, f.1. Eng. Fil. v. p. 347. On dead wood and sticks, Autumn. Near Edinburgh. 616 Gen. 251. Gen. 252. So = WS a = > <2 Sse iy Ey = = oS = Q 3 — — 2 = io Sood As sS5aaF: SSS MUCEDINES. GONATOBOTRYS, Corda. Flocci erect, jointed ; articulations swollen in the middle, and bearing obovate spores on little spicules —Berk. Outl. p. 354. (Fig. 286.) 1851. Gonatobotrys simplex. Corda. “Simple Gonatobotrys.” White ; tufts lax, minute, arachnoid ; flocci simple, long, straight, erect, then nodding ; heaps of spores globose; spores ovate, apicu- late at the base—Corda. Muced. t. 5. Berk. Outl. p. 354. On fruit of Tamus, &e. (Fig. 286.) CLONOSTACHYS, Corda. Flocci jointed above; branches and branchlets quaternate, subcapitate, clothed with spores, forming distinct spikes.— Berk, Outl. p. 854. (Fig. 287.) 1852. Clonostachys araucaria. Corda. ** Compact Clonostachys.” White, arachnoid; branches fastigiate ; spikes cylindrical; spores oblong, obtuse, white-—Corda. Muced.t. 15. Curr. Mier. Journ. v. p. 126. Stachylidium araucarium, Bon. Handb. t. vii. f. 155. On bark of small twigs. Remarkable for the peculiar arrangement of the spores, which form long dense spikes like ears of corn. — Curr. (Tig. 287.) MUCEDINES. 617 Gen. 253. BOTRYOSPORIUM, Corda. Flocci slightly branched, bearing patent branchlets, each of which is surmounted by a few spicules, bearing a head of spores.— Berk. Outl. p. 354. (Fig. 288.) 1853. Botryosporium pulchrum. (orda. “Beautiful Botryosporium.” Tufts broadly expanded, lax, white, fari- nose; flocci simple or dichotomous, lax; racemes very long, subcylindrical; heads of spores globose, quinate; spores ovate, colourless.— Corda. Muced. t. 19. Curr. Micr. Journ. v.p.117. Cooke exs. no. 353. On herbaceous plants. Oct. Forms large white mealy patches. The flocci are very delicate, forming a woolly looking mass, and the spores are arranged in four or five compact globular masses at the extremities of short ramuli, which are alternate upon the main threads.—Curr. (Fig. 288.) 1854. Botryosporium diffusum. (Corda. “ Diffuse Botryo- sporium.” Fertile flocci branched, white ; fertile branchlets scattered, bearing quaternate spores; spores at length collected at their apices in globular masses.—Corda. Sturm. t. 5. Stachylidium difusum, Fr. S.M. iii. p. 392. Eng. Fl.v.p.341. Botrytis diffusa, Grev.t.126, f.2. Wern. Tr. p. 72, f.7. On decayed herbaceous plants, especially potatoes. Forming loose tufts, 3-4 lines high; branchlets at first bearing quaternate spores ; they are usually crowned with globular masses of globose, or some- times elliptic spores.—1.J.B. Fig. 288. Gen. 254. PAPULASPORA, Preuss. Flocei decumbent, jointed, pro- ducing short erect branches, each of which produces a cellular head studded with erect spores, the endochrome of which is bi- partite or quadripartite. — Berk. Outl. p. 354. (Fig. 289.) Fig. 289, 20D 618 MUCEDINES. 1855. Papulaspora sepedonioides. Preuss, “ Red-headed Papulaspora.” Hyphasma effused, creeping, branched, septate, pellucid, woolly, interwoven ; ramuli pedicelliform, ascending, septate, terminating in a globose red cellular body, studded with oblong spores.— Sturm. vi. t.45. Ann. N.H. no. 761*. On rice paste. Aug. King’s Cliffe. This beautiful mould consists of decumbent, articulate, colourless threads, which produce short, erect branches, each surmounted by a large red cel- lular body about -0018 in. in diameter. The heads studded with oblong erect spores “0004-"0006 in. long, with their endochrome bipartite. If these are truly spores, each individual head presents nearly the structure of an Hpicoc- cum.—B. & Br. (Pig. 289.) Gen. 255. RHOPALOMYCES, Corda. Flocci free, septate, swelling at the tip into an areolate head, each cell of which bears a spicule, surmounted by a spore.—Berk. Outl. p. 354. (Fig. 290.) 1856. Rhopalomyces pallidus. B. & Br. “ Pallid Rhopalomyces.” Pale fawn colour; fertile flocei fur- cate, flexuous; spores minute, elliptic. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 504, t. 5, f. 2. Fig, 290. On decayed Russian matting. Feb. King’s Cliffe. Creeping widely over the matrix, on which it forms a mealy pale fawn- coloured ragged stratum ; hyphasma delicate, consisting of very fine threads, which produce little branches, swelling out suddenly, and rising at once, or creeping along and giving off fertile flocci. These are rather thick, irregular in outline, once or twice forked ; heads globose, or nearly so, beautifully areolate, each areola producing in its centre a short delicate spicule, sur- mounted with a minute elliptic spore.—B. & Lr. 1857. Rhopalomyces candidus. B.4 Br. “White Rhopalomyces.”’ White; hyphasma very sparing ; fertile flocci straight, sim- ple; heads subglobose; spores minute, elliptic.—Ann. V.H. no. 505, ¢. DB fs dt : : . : Cee ; On a mixture of dung, earth and hops. Feb. King’s Cliffe. Ex'remely minute and delicate, pure white ; hyphasma creeping, but very sparing ; fertile flocei erect, even; heads globose or somewhat obovate, beautifully areolate ; spores minute, elliptic. Differing from RR. pallidus in Fi i » straight flocci; the heads are somewhat larger,— Co Rasa the simple straig ocel (Pig. 200.) SEPEDONIEI. 619 Order XXII. SEPEDONIEI. Mycelium floccose; fertile flocci obscure, and in consequence the spores rest upon the matrix. The spores are the principal element in this order, which approaches Coniomycetes. Spores large, globose’. + ca ii ae ee - Sepedonium. Spores fusiform, curved, then septate— Forming a gelatinous mass . - - Fusisporium. Spores septate— ; Apparently attached to the matrix : Epochnium. Spores simple— At first covered by persistent flocci c Psilonia. Gen. 256. SEPEDONIUM, Link. Spores large, simple and globose, or ap - pendiculate—Berk Outl. p. 355. (Fig. 291.) Fig. 291. 1858. Sepedonium chrysospermum. Jk. “Yellow Sepedonium.” Flocci fleecy, dense, white ; spores golden yellow, not appen- diculate—F'r. S.M. iii. p. 488. Eng. Fl.v.p.350. Bull. t. 504, 7. 1,¢#.476, 7.4. Sow. t. 378, f.13. Nees. f.38. Grev.t.198. Chev. t.3 7.16. Kunze. exs.no. 223. Bisch. f. 3806. Bon.t.4, f. 108. LFckl. exs.no.141. On decaying fungi. Common. [ United States. ] Frequently penetrating the whole fungus, and converting it into yellow dust ; neces ipichas echinulate. Tulasne regards this as the conidioid condition of a Spheria (Hypomyces), not yet recorded in Britain (Tul. Carp. iii. p. 49.). (Fig. 291.) 2Da2 620 SEPEDONIEI. 1859. Sepedonium roseum. /7. “ Rosy Sepedonium.” Flocci fleecy, white; spores appendiculate, red.— Fr. S.M. iii. ae Ling. Fl.v. p. 350. Ann. N.H.no.182. Tul. Carp. iii. p. On decaying fungi. More superficial than S. chrysospermum. Spores larger, globose, with a broad pellucid border, and a thick blunt appendage. ‘Tulasne states that tls constitutes the conidia of Hypomyces Linkii, the perfect condition of which has not yet been found in Britain. Gen. 257. FUSISPORIUM, Link. Spores elongated, fusiform, curved, at length septate, form- ing a gelatinous mass.—Berk. Outl. p. 355. (Fig. 292.) 1860. Fusisporium bete. Desm. ‘ Beet Fusisporium.” Orange, effused in a tremel- lose crust; flocci dense, branched, scarcely septate ; spores very Fig. 299. copious, fusiform, delicate, slightly curved, obscurely septate—Ann. Sc. Nat. xix. t. 18, f. 2. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 246. Desm. exs.no. 805. Bon. t. 12, f. 248. Fckl. exs. no. 214. On decaying beet root. Apethorpe. is6l. Fusisporium georgine. Berk. ‘Dahlia Fusis- porium.” Effused, gelatinous, reddish, roseate, or intense orange, thick ; spores fusiform, acute at each extremity, with several oil glo- bules.—Klotsch. exs. no. 186. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 247. F. rhizo- philum. Corda. ii. f. 15. On roots of Dahlia. Apethorpe. Doubtfully distinct from J’. beta.—Desm. 1862. Fusisporium udum. Jerk. “Moist Fusisporium.” Broadly effused, tremelloid; dirty orange; flocci of the hyphasma decumbent, slightly branched; spores long, curved, 8-5 septate, acute at either end.—Ann. N.H. no, 248, t. 14, f. 28. SEPEDONIEI. 621 On trees in spring. Forming a broad tremelloid mass, wet with the overflowing sap, composed of slightly branched decumbent filaments, some of which are closely septate, others contain a series of globose nuclei, while others are quite simple ; spores 3-5 septate, elongated, curved, acute at either end, the contents of the articulations orange. In age the septa are absorbed, and there is a row of irregular nuclei.—M. J. B. 1863. Fusisporium roseolum. Steph. “Potato Fusisporium.” Rose-red ; flocci short; spores curved, elongated, 3-6 sep- tate.— Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 549. On decayed potatoes. Bristol. Of a delicate rose-red, forming thin floccose patches ; fertile threads short; spores curved, elongated, slightly obtuse, 3-6 septate, often slightly project- ing at each dissepiment. It approaches Dactylium, but the spores are those of Fusisporium.—M. J. B. 1864. Fusisporium feni. 2B.¢ Br. “Hay Fusisporium.” Hyphasma sparing, fertile flocci very short; spores oblong, straight, obtuse, 1-2 septate —Ann. NV.H. no. 550. On hay. Dec. Apethorpe. Orange-red, spreading in wide patches many feet in width; hyphasm1 creeping, sparingly articulate ; fertile flocci very short; spores oblong, ob- tuse at either extremity, 1-2 septate. Differing from all other species in the character of the spores.—/. J, B 1865. Fusisporium bacilligerum. B.d¢ Br. “Long-spored Fusisporium.,” Greyish white; hyphasma obsolete; spores very long, 5-7 septate, attenuated below, apex sub-clavate——Ann. NV.H. no. 548. Rabh. FE. no. 177. On leaves of Alaternus. West of England. Occupying the centre of little brown spots; hyphasma obsolete; spores very long, hyaline, 5-7 septate, strongly attenuated below, obtuse, and slightly claveeform above, somewhat curved.—M. J. B. 1866. Fusisporium atrovirens. Berk. “ Green-black Fusisporium,” Flocci effused, white; spores at first greyish-green, then green-black, strongly curved.—Eng. Fl. v. p. 351. On onions. Summer. King’s Cliffe. Spores forming about the third of a circle, originating in little dot-like spots, with radiating flocci, crowned with a gelatinous greyish mass; these at length unite, and the whole of the centre is occupied by the spores, the border still increasing and quite fleecy, if mecting with any impediment; at length the whole is green-black, and the border obliterated. One cause of the mildew of onions.—M, J. B, 622 SEPEDONIEI. 1867. Fusisporium aurantiacum. Lk. “ Orange Fusis- porium.” Flocci fleecy, white, at length evanescent ; spores congluti- nate, slender, slightly curved.—Link. Sp.i. p. 30. Fr. SM. iii. p. 445. Eng. Fl.v.p.351. Nees. f.40 B. Desm. exs. no. 664. Ung. Ean. t.2,f.18. Bisch.f. 8804. On decayed gourds, &e. [ Low. Carolina. ] At first clothed with fleeey white, branched flocci, which spread beyond the mass of tle spores, and at length vanish, leaving a tremelloid stratum ; spores septate, septa evanescent. Sometimes commences in Iittle dot-like gelatinous masses, which at length become confluent, without any mycelium. M. J.B. 1868. Fusisporium incarcerans. Jerk, “ Enclosed Fusisporium.,” Pale rose, nestling in the sporangium or peristome of mosses ; spores arcuate, slender, triseptate—Berk. Intell. Obs. 1863, p- My 4. On peristomes or in capsules of Orthotrichum. The characters of this little parasite are not striking, and its specifie dis- tinction must rest partly on its peculiar habits,for the spores scarcely differ from those of one or two other species, they are about ,1; in. long, but by no means uniform in size.—M. J. B. 1869. Fusisporium (?) insidiosum. Berk. “ Beaded Fusisporium.”’ White, mycelium creeping, producing subglobose tufts of short necklace-like simple or branched threads, each terminal joint of which bears a curved, fusiform, apiculate, 1-5 septate spore— Gard. Chron. 1860, p. 480, with a fig. On Agrostis pulchella. ‘« This species has threads very like those of dgerita.” Spores (‘002 in ) ‘05 m.m. long. Tufts very minute, scarcely visible without a lens. (Tig. 292, tuft magnified.) 1870. Fusisporium solani. Mart. “ Woolly Fusisporium.” Rounded, irregular, tomentose, white; floeci branched ; spores fusiform, curved, triseptate.—Mart. Kart. Epid.t. iii. f. 25, 30. Periola tomentosa. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 267. Eng. Fl. v. p. 226. On potatoes. The flocci are too much developed to be consistent withgthe characters of this order. SEPEDONIEI. 623 EPOCHNIUM, Link. Sterile flocci creeping, fertile obsolete ; spores septate, attached apparently to the matrix.—Berk. Outl. p. 356. (Fig. 293.) 1871. Epochnium macrosporoideum. Berk. “ Radiating Epochnium.”’ Flocci very slender, effused, irregularly branched ; spores sub- globose or oval, divided by radiating septa.—Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 133. ¢. 8, f.14. On dead twigs of Ribes. Aug. King’s Cliffe. Forming a thin slate-black stratum ; flocci transparent, perfectly colour- less under the microscope, apparently not septate, very slender, effused, ir- regularly branched, often anastomosing at right angles. From the tips or on very short lateral branches spring subglobose or oval colourless tran- sparent vesicles, with a central nucleus; these by degrees are furnished within with obscure septa, at length they acquire when full grown a brown hue, and are from j+>5-a45 1m. in diameter. They are then in generai more or less globose, divided by septa into a few lobes, which are disposed in a radiating manner, like the berries of a mulberry. A few are furnished with a little apicular peduncle, but the greater part lose all trace of the point of attachment.—U. J. B. Gen. 259. PSILONIA, Fr. Flocci persistent, joined into an erumpent mass, at first covering the simple spores.—Berk. Outl. p. 356. Eng. Fl.v. p. 352. (Fig. 294.) Fig. 294. 1872. Psilonia gilva. /r. “ Reddish-grey Psilonia.’’ Tufts subrotund, compact, reddish-grey, inclining to brown ; flocci intricate, twisted, mostly simple, covering the variously shaped spores.—F’r, S.M. iii. p.451. Eng. Fl.v. p. 353. Berk. exs. no. 101. On dead herbaceous stems (“felled oak.” —Eng. FI.) 624. SEPEDONIEI, Masses 1-2 lines broad, subinnate ; flocci very fine, curiously twisted to- gether, external surface, finely tomentose, from their free apices. Spores fusiform (sometimes globose or oval), collected about the apices of the fila- ments.—U. J. B. 1873. Psilonia arundinis. Desm. “ Reed Psilonia.” Tufts oblong, dense, pale rose-coloured; floeci fasciculate, in- tricate, simple; spores ovoid and oblong.—Fr. S.M. iii. p. 451. Berk. exs. no. 102. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 35-551. Desm.exs.no. 460. Ann. Sc. Nat.1830, t.5,f.1. Chloridium festuce. Corda. Anl. t. B.f.12,no. 4. On dead leaves and stems of reeds and Carices. Feb. Tufts evidently erumpent, oblong, linear, 1-2 lines long. Psttonia NIVEA, Fr, is clearly an insect production. 1874. Psilonia discoidea. £.¢ Br. “ Discoid Psilonia.” Pale fawn-colour, then brown; disc proliferous ; spores ob- long, margin discrete, rosy tan-colour.—B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. 1866, no. 1150,#. 3,7. 8. On rotten rails. Jan—Feb. Wilts. Whole plant 1-2 lines across, variously shaped, orbicular, elongated, flex- uous, &c. In the early stage the disc is quite covered by the shaggy coat, which afterwards folds back or cracks, and leaves the stratum of spores naked, precisely as in Myrothecium. Spores oblong or, seen laterally, sub- eymbiform, (°00035 in.) ‘009 m.m. long.—B, & Br. TRICHODERMACEI. 625 Order XXII. TRICHODERMACEI. Flocei covering the spores, and forming a kind of peridium, which at length vanishes in the centre.—Berk. Outl. p. 356. Peridium more or less distinct — Stipitate. Spores on the threads : 5 Pilacre. Sessile. Spores in cavities . - Peridium spurious, indeterminate— Flocci even. Spores spread over the disc. - - Trichoderma. Flocci constricted. Spores collected in thecentre . : Arthroderma. a > A Institale. (fen. 260. PILACRE, ['r. Stem solid, cylindrical; head globose, com- posed of flexuous, branched, radiating threads ; spores produced near the tips, forming a dusty mass.—Berk, Outl. p. 356. (Fig. 295.) 1875. Pilacre faginea. B.4 Br. “Beech Pilacre.” Stem blackish, pruinose ; head subglobose ; spores broadly elliptic—Ann. N.H. no. 380, t. 11, f.5. Onygena faginea, Fr. S.M.ii.p. 209. Kl. exs. no. 1724. Fckl. exs. no. 1075. On beech sticks. Aug. Spye Park, Wilts. [ United States. ] Fig. 295. About 2 lines high ; stem 1} line high, pruinose, at f length brown or blackish ; head subglobose or turbin- ate, at first pruinose, umbilicate, or without trace of umbilicus; flocci branched, especially above, somewhat fastigiate, more or less flexuous ; spores minute ; broadly elliptic, with a distinct nucleus.—M/./.B. 1876. Pilacre Petersii. B. 4 Cwt. “ Hornbeam Pilacre.” Stem short, white; head large; flocci nearly straight.—Ann. N.H. no. 824. Curt. exs. no. 3811. On hornbeam. Hainault Forest. [ Alabama, U.S. ] Stem 2 lines high, white ; head 1-2 lines or more across, threads anas- tomosing, far less flexuous than in P. faginea. Spores snuff-coloured, about (0002 in.) (005 m.m. across. When fresh it has a smell like that of some Hypericum. In habit the species resembles a little Vyctalis.—B.& Br. 2p. 5 626 TRICHODERMACEI. Gen. 261. INSTITALE, Fr. Stem none ; common mass containing many cavities filled with spores.— Berk. Outl. p. 357. Instita.e Errusa, Fr, S.V.S.p.447. B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 756. See Ptychogaster albus. Corda. ante. no. 1104. TRICHODERMA VIRIDE, Pers. Grev. t. 271. This is a state of Hypocrea rufa, Fr. Gen. 262. ARTHRODERMA, Currey. ee eee : ; ee Peridium spurious, indetermi- AWAKS 59 nate, roundish, composed of s} (To <2 save oF } interwoven, strongly constricted, aN jointed flocci. Spores collected aa o . in the centre.—Berk. Ouitl. p. 357. (Fig. 296.) \ Fig. 296. 1877. Arthroderma Curreyi. Jerk. ‘ Currey’s Arthroderma.” Scattered or gregarious, globose or pulvinate ; flocci branched, jointed, torulose; spores brilliant yellow, spherical—Berk. Outl. 9.357. Quart. Micr. Jour. ii. p. 240, t. ix. f. 6-8. On dead leaves and sticks. ANTENNARIEI. 627 Division II. SPORIDIIFERA. Sporidia in asci. VY. Fertile cells seated on threads, not compacted into a ; ymenium . se SRE ot at's - Physomycetes. VI. Asci formed from the fertile cells ofan hymenium . Ascomycetes. Family VI. PHYSOMYCETES. Threads free, or only slightly felted, bearing vesicles which contain indefinite sporidia.—Berk. Outl. p. 406. Fertile cells bladder-shaped, scattered on the threads, which are not com- pacted so as to form a distinct hymenium. Sporidia indefinite, formed from the protoplasm of the cells.— J.J. B. Threads felted, moniliform— Sporangia irregular . : : 5 - ‘ Antennariet. Threads free. Sporangia terminal or lateral . . : é Mucorini. Order XXIII, ANTENNARIEI. Threads black, more or less felted, moniliform and equal in the same felt, bearing here and there irregular sporangia.— Berk, Outl. p. 406. Threads mostly moniliform— Spores concatenate . p - “ 7 = Antennaria. Threads mycelioid, byssoid— se Spores simple . a ; x - Z A Zasmidium. 628 ANTENNARIEI. Gen. 263. ANTENNARIA, Link. Threads felted, black, articulated, often moniliform ; walls of sporangia mostly cellular; spores chained to- gether, immersed in gelatinous pulp. Berk. Outl. p. 406. (Fig. 297.) 1878 Antennaria semiovata. B#.¢ Br. ‘ Semi-ovate Antennaria.”’ Fertile flocci erect, short, branched ; articulations torulose, even; pycnidia semi-ovate; perithecia curved, acuminate.—B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 784, t. 16, f. 18. On fronds of Lastrea filix-mass. Sept. Bath. Clothing the leaves with dense matted felt. Barren threads creeping, often united into an irregular membrane, fertile, erect, generally slightly branched, but sometimes sub-dichotomous. It is difficult to say what is a species in this genus, which appears to present one form of fruit of Capnodium. e B , —BL. & b7 Gen, 264. ZASMIDIUM, Fr. Sporangium thin, carbon- aceous, but brittle, growing on a septate, byssoid, equal, my- celium. Mouth sub-umbilicate, spores simple.—Berk. Outl. p. 406. (F%g. 298.) 1879. Zasmidium cellare. Fr, “Cellar Fungus.” j Mycelium very thick and abun- Fig. 298. dant, lax, composed of septate flocei, olive-black ; peridia glo- bose, seated upon the threads.—Berk. Outl. p. 407. Racodium cellare, Bisch. f.3700. Fckl. exs. no. 641. Eng. Fl. v. p. 324. Moug. exs. no. 790. Grev. t. 259. Antennaria cellaris, Fr. SM. iii, p.229. Fibrillaria vinaria. Sow. t, 432, 387, f. 3. Dill. t. 1, f. 12. Nees. f.70. (Fig. 298.) On corks, bottles, walls, &c., in cellars. Common, MUCORINI. 629 Order XXIV. MUCORINI. Threads free, bearing terminal or lateral sporangia.—Berk. Outl. p. 407. Sporangia collapsing and dependent : : 2 . Ascophora. Sporangia bursting, not dependent a : : z Mucor. Sporangia at length indurated— Hjected . : - : : : : : Pilobolus. ot ejected . : : Hydrophora. Sporangia delicate, perforated by the stem— f Sporidia globose, mixedwithradiatingthreads Hndodromia. Sporangia splitting horizontally— Sporidia growing on the columella : - Sporodinia. Sporangia pierced by the threads ; branches verticillate— Sporidia on the tips of the threads . Acrostalagmus. Vesicles of separate branches conjugating— Producing a sporangium : : : : Syzygites. Flocei collected in a spongy globose mass. Hypogzous— esicles globose : : : ‘ . Endogone. Gen. 265. ASCOPHORA, Tode. Sporangia collapsing, and at length hanging down over the fructifying apices like a hood. Fruit sometimes of two kinds. Berk Outl.p.407. (Fig. 299.) Fig. 299. 1880. Ascophora mucedo. JZode. “ Common Ascophora.” Flocci simple ; sporangia terminal, at first globose, then oval, at length collapsed, sub-campanulate, whitish, then dark ashy - grey.—I'r. S.M. iii.p. 310. Tode.i. t. 3,f. 22. Corda. Anl. t.c. f. 24, no. 1-4. Nees. f.80. Grev. t.269. Eng. Fl. v.p. 331. Pay. f. 370. Fekl. exs.no.54. Cam. Act. Belg. viii. f. 17. Pringsh. Jahrb. ii. t. 30, f.29. Bisch. f. 3790. On bread, &e. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] (2%. 299.) 630 MUCORINI. 1881. Ascophora elegans. Corda, “Elegant Ascophora.” Tufts minute, very fugacious, white; stem erect, rigid, fragile, white, simple above, with intricate dichotomous branches at the base; sporangia single, terminal, globose, brownish; sporidia ovoid.— Corda. iii. f. 43. Thamnidium elegans, Lk. Obs. i.t.2, f. 45. Nees. f.75. Flora. 1857, t.5,f. 70. On fowl’s dung. Gen. 266. MUCOR, Mich. Threads free; sporangia at length bursting, but not dependent.—Berk. Outl. p. 407. (Fig. 300.) 1882. Mucor phycomyces. Berk. “ Shining Mucor.” Mycelium obsolete, flocci decumbent, olivaceous, shining; sporidia yellowish. —Berk. Outl. p.407. Phycomyces nitens, Bisch. f. 38792. Fr. S.M. ii. p.3Q9. Kunze. MH. u.t. 2. 7.9.- Ann. NV.Ee nome. Byssus olivaceus, Winch. Fl. North. p. BDA On greasy walls, fat, &c. [ Low. Carolina. ] 1883. Mucor ramosus. Juil. ‘“ Branched Mucor.” Laniform; fertile flocci branched, above racemose ; sporangia globose.—Bull. t. 480, f.3. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 318. Pers. Obs. i. t. 6, 7.5, 6. Eng. Fl. v.p. 331. On rotting fungi, &c. Sometimes the sporangia are reddish-brown, more commonly yellow then bluish-grey. The branches are alternate and racemose, divaricate, 1884. Wlucor mucedo. JZ. ‘“ Common Mucor.” Byssoid; fertile flocci simple ; sporangia and sporidia globose, at length blackish.— Linn. Sp. 1655. Bolt.t.182, fi 1. Sow. t. 378, f.6. Fr. S.M.p. 320. Eng. Fl.v. p. 332. Bull. t. 480, f. 2. Mich. t.95,f.1. Fres. t.1,f. 1-12. On fruit, paste, preserves, &c. Common. [United States. ] MUCORINI. 631 1885. Mucor caninus. P. “Dog’s dung Mucor.” Fertile flocci simple, sporangia at length yellow or ferrugi- nous, globose; sporidia globose or elliptic.—Pers. Syn. p. 201. Pers. Obs. t. 6,f.3, 4. Grev.t. 305. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 320. Desm. exs.no.402. Eng. Fl.v. p. 332. Bisch. f.3732. Fekl. exs. no. 52. On dung of cats and dogs. Common. [ Mid. Carolina. ] Head at first white, then bright yellow, then yellow-brown, at length black. Occasionally the colour is not so bright, and in the last stage the heads are scarcely black. Flocci at first erect, soon leaning in every direc- tion. — MU, J. B. (Fig. 300.) 1886. Wilucor fusiger. LZ. “ Fusiform Mucor.” Byssoid ; fertile flocci simple, sporangia globose, hyaline, at length black ; sporidia fusiform.—Link. Sp. 1 py... Ars SM. iii. p. 321. Eng. Fl.v.p.332. Fekl. exs.no. 55. On decaying Agarics. [ Low. Carolina. ] Flocei septate, filled interrfally with distinct granules, thinly scattered, divergent, springing from the branched mycelium in such a manner that several of the sterile flocci unite to give off the simple sporidiferous thread ; sporidia exactly fusiform.—/. J. B. . 1887. Mucor clavatus. Lk. ‘“Clavate Mucor.” Byssoid ; fertile flocci simple, penetrating the globose spo- rangia by their clavate apices ; sporidia globose.—Link Sp. i. p. 92. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 321. Eng. Fl. v. p. 832. Bon. t. 10, f. 202. On fruit, &c. Winter. [ Low Carolina. ] Sporangia at first white, then brown, at length black; fertile flocci not septate, indistinctly granular within ; sporidia minute.—V.J.B 1888. Wlucor amethysteus. Berk. “ Amethyst Mucor.” Fertile flocci simple ; sporangia white, then pale yellow, then crystalline, and pure violet, at length violet-black or brownish ; sporidia globose, with globose sporidioli, dull violet.—Berk. Eng. Fl.v. p. 332. On rotting pears. Winter. Apethorpe. Fertile flocci about 4 in. high, four times as thick as in J. clavatus, filled with distinct granules; sporangia depresso-globose, sometimes collapsing slightly and nodding ; sporidia rather large, containing globose sporidiola, which easily separate; mycelium thick, expanded, pure white, closely inter- woven.—, J. B. 1889. Wilucor succosus. Berk. “Spongy Mucor.” Very minute; hyphasma spongiose ; sporangia very minute, 632 MUCORINI. globose, yellow, then olive; columella minute.—Derk. Ann. N.H. no. 225. t.12, f.15. On cut stumps of Aucuba japonica. May. Apethorpe. Forming small pulvinate orange-ochre spongy masses, which, while there is abundant nutriment, do not fructify, but when gathered produce a forest of exceedingly minute globose yellow sporangia, not visible to the naked eye, at length becoming olive ; columella very small, and little more thana slight swelling of the top of the stem.—W/. J. B. i890. Mucor hyalinus. Cooke. “Hyaline Mucor.” Conrp1a. Sterile flocci effused, fertile somewhat branched ; conidia rose-coloured, oblong, subfusiform.—Penicillium roseum. Link. Fr. S.M.ii.p.409. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 535. Sporanaia. Hyphasma creeping, profuse ; flocci white, erect, branching; branches simple, sometimes divided, terminated by a delicate, hyaline, globose sporangium, containing minute sub- globose sporidia.—Cooke exs.no. 359. Pop. Sci. Rev. Jan. 1861, t. 68, fig. 5. On leaves of box. Winter. Forming a dense white coating over the leaves, mixed with Penicilliwm roseum, Link, of which it appears to be the mature condition. The sporangia are small and very delicate, so as to be made out with difficulty. In habit very much like the Penicillium, but without any roseate tint. 1891. Wlucor delicatulus. Berk. “ Delicate Mucor.” Fertile flocci simple, abbreviated, of the same thickness as those of the mycelium; sporangia globose, pale yellow ; sporidia globose.—Berk. Eng. Fl. v.p. 382. On rotting gourds. Autumn. Apethorpe. So small as to be scarcely perceptible to the naked eye, forming a velvety stratum, saturated with the juice of the matrix; sporangia at first white, then very pale yellow, sometimes apparently springing immediately from the branched, septate mycelium, and decumbent.—M. J.B. 1892. Wiucortenerrimus. Jerk. “Slender Mucor.” Scattered, minute, wholly white; stem flexuous above, apex clavate; head with a globose columella.——JBerk. Outl. p. 407. Hydrophora tenerrima, Berk. Hook. Journ. 1841, p. 78, t.1.f. B. On sticks in woods. Scarcely visible to the naked eye ; stem a little flexuous above, ending in a clavate swelling, beyond which is the globose columella, from the base of which is deflected all round over the apex of the stem a delicate frill which at first formed a portion of the pendulum, and by its rupture leaves a large circular aperture at its base. Sporangium quite smooth, of two membranes often separated, sometimes in close contact ; sporidia elliptic, filling the cavity between the columella and the inner membrane.—J/. J. B. MUCORINI. 633 1893. Mucor subtilissimus. Perk. “ Onion Mucor.” Mycelium creeping ; fertile flocci branched ; branches short, spreading, each terminated by a minute sporangium; vesicles at length vanishing ; spores oblong-elliptic.—Berk. Hort. Journ. lil. p. 98, f. 1-5. On mildewed onions, developed from Sclerotiwm cepevorum (Ann. NV.H. no. 168). This mould is so exceedingly minute that it may be considered as the most microscopic of any yet found in Britain. Gen. 267. PILOBOLUS, Tode. Flocci simple, continuous, when mature ventricose above and clavate, terminated by anindurated, globose sporangium ; dehis- cent; including a globose sporidium.—Fr. S.M. i. p. 312. (Fig. 301.) 1894. Pilobolus crystallinus. Tode. “ Crystalline Pilobolus.” Apices of the flocci at length clavate, obovate; sporangium hemispherical.—F’r. S.M. iii. p. 312. Purt.iii.t. 31. Pers. Obs. i.t.4,f.9,10. Bull.t.480,f.1. Sow. t. 300. Bolt. t. 183, f. 1. Dicks. t.3,f.6. Fekl. exs. Fig. 301. no. 49. Corda. Icon. vi. f. 32. Bisch. f. 3724. Bon. t. 10, f. 203. KU. exs. no. 1630. On dung. [ United States. | *¢ At first appearing, as Fries observes, under the form of a small yellow Sclerotium, which gradually acquires a stem, becomes inflated above, and loses its yellow hue ; often densely tufted; very fugacious.’—/./.B. 1895. Pilobolus roridus. Schum. “Dewy Pilobolus.” Flocci elongated, filiform, apices globose; sporangium puncti- form.—Fr. S.M. iii. p. 312. Curr. Linn, Journ. 1856, t. 2. Pluck. phy.t.116,f.7. Bisch. f. 3725. Bolt. t.182, f. 4. On dung. [S. Carolina, U. 8.] Smaller and slenderer than P, crystallinus. (Fig. 801, magnijied.) 634 MUCORINI. Gen. 268. HYDROPHORA, Tode. 0 Threads erect, tubular, sparingly articu- | late, equal above, terminated by a vesicle which is at first watery and crystalline, () then turbid, and at length indurated, and persistent from the conglomeration of the spores.— Berk. Outl. p.407. Eng. Fl. v. p. deal, (Fig. 302.) 1896. Hydrophora stercorea. Tode. | “ Dung Hydrophora.” Fleecy; flocci simple, very long, fuga- cious, white, sporangia spherical yellow, at Fig. 302. length black.— Fr. SM. iti. p. 314. Eng. Fil. vy. p. 831. Mucor stercoreus, Grev. Fl. Ed. p.448. Corda. Icon. vi. f.31? Fckl. exs. no. 51. On dung. Distinguished by the crystalline, watery, not membranous, and dehiscent sporangium, and the indurated mass of sporidia not falling away in water. Gen. 269. ENDODROMIA, Berk. Vesicle very delicate, perforated by the stem, filled with delicate, branched, radiating threads and globose spores, with a nucleus endowed with active motion.—Berk. Outl. p.408.Hook.Journ. nite Oe (Fig. 303.) 1897. Endodromia vitrea. Berk. “Glassy Endodromia.” Stem straight, slightly attenuated upwards, penetrating the sporangium ; sporangium delicate, soon breaking up, filled with globose, colourless sporidia, and radiating, branched threads ; sporidia with a globose nucleus.—Berk. Hook. Journ. 1841, iii. t. iba aloe. On fallen branches, especially ash. Very minute, scarcely to be distinguished without the aid of a high mag- nifying power. Within each sporidium is a single globose nucleus, which moves about with great activity.—M.J.B. (Lig. 308 ) MUCORINI. 635 Gen. 270. SPORODINIA, Link. Stem dichotomously branched ; vesicles solitary, terminal, at length splitting horizontally ; columella large; spores simple, growing on the columella.— Berk. Outl. p. 408. (Fig. 804.) 1898. Sporodinia dichotoma. Corda. ‘‘ Dichotomous Sporodinia.” Tufts ochraceous ; stem simple below, brown above, four times Fig. 304. dichotomous; branches and ramuli spreading; sporangia terminal, obovate, diaphanous, circumscissile ; columella hemis- pherical; sporidia large, ylobose, colourless, hyaline.—Corda. i. J. 284. (F%g. 304.) On decaying fungi. Gen. 271. ACROSTALAGMUS, Corda. Flocci branched; branches verticillate; vesicles terminal, pierced by the threads, from the tips of which the spores are produced within the cells.— Berk, Outl. p. 408. (Fig. 305.) Fig. 305. 1899. Acrostalagmus cinnabarinus. Corda. “Vermillion Acrostalagmus.” Conipia. Verticilliwm lateritium.—Botrytis lateritia, Berk. exs. no. 98. Sporanera. Tufts effused, vermillion, then pulverulent, my- celium branched, septate ; stem straight, rigid, septate, pellucid ; branches 4-5 ternate, ramuli verticillate, quaternate, subulate, spreading, capitate; sporangia globose; sporidia oval.—Corda. if. 66. Willk.p. 92, f.a-e. Kl. exs.no.1276. Eckl. ews. no. 155. 636 MUCORINI. On decaying plants. A very beautiful and not uncommon species, often of a ruddy pink rather than vermillion. (Fig. 305, magnified.) Gen. 272. SYZYGITES, Ehbrb. Threads branched above; vesicles of separate branches conjugating and forming a distinct sporangium.—Berk. Outl. p. 408. (Fig. 306.) 1900. Syzygites megalocar- pus. hb. ‘“ Conjugating Syzygites,” Tufts effused, irregular, dingy; olive-brown or glau- cous; flocci intricate, fili- form, cystomorphous ; ; branches large, clavate, in- Fig. 306. flated, at first flesh coloured, then dingy ; sporangia brown, verrucose, shining ; spores ovate, whitish — hr. Syl. Ber. p. 21, t.2. Corda Pracht.t. 24. Bisch. SF.3794. Nees. t.5. (Fig. 306.) On decaying agarics. Gen. 273. ENDOGONE, Link. Hypogeous ; flocci collected into a glo- bose, spongy mass ; vesicles globose, soli- tary, or collected in little fascicles at the ends of the branches.—F’. S.M. ii. p. 295. Tul. Hyp. p.181. Berk. Outl.p. 408. (Fig. 807.) Fig. 307. 1901. Endogone pisiformis. inj. ‘ Pea-shaped Endogone.” Irregularly globose, yellowish, dry; vesicles large, visible to the naked eye.—Link. Obs. t.2,f.52. Tul. Hyp.p. 188, t. 20, f. 1. Corda. Ic.vi.t.9,f.94. Corda. Anl.t.c. f.40,no. 4,5. B. Br. Ann. N.H. xviii. p.81. Berk, Outl. t.24,f.7. Gard. Chron, 14 Mar. 1845, MUCORINI. 637 Amongst moss and in the superficial soil; under beech and larch, and in oak and hazel woods. In a young state it is hard, when old less compact and granulated. About the size of a pea. Tulasne seems to regard the British plant as Endogone macrocarpa.—Tul. 1902. Endogone lactiflua. 2. § Br. ‘Milky Endogone.” Irregular, globose, depressed, white, then dingy flesh-colour, fetid, replete with a thick isabelline juice ; vesicles distinct to the naked eye.—B. § Br. Ann. N.H. xviii. p. 81. Berk. Outl. p. 409. Tul. Hyp. p. 183. On the ground. Oct. Chudleigh. Globose, at length depressed, half an in. in diameter; at first white, but soon, especially when rubbed, assuming a reddish tinge, pouring out when cut a rich, pale-red, cream-like fluid; sporangia as large as those of Z. pistformis. 638 SAPROLEGNIEI. Order XXV. SAPROLEGNIEI. aS. oh Ay cr Ed ake ay ‘s ee = see ‘=e. Fees =. S: =e Beene aeese Of eae. ease2ize a i SY, CeCEery x = WH se hice Fig. 308. This order is at present uncertain, some consider- ing it to belong to Algales, others to Fungi; it is named here provisionally, without venturing any special claim to a place amongst moulds, though of opinion that the evidence seems to be in its favour. The following works may be consulted with advantage :— Pringsheim, N., Nachtrage zur Morphologie der Saprolegnieen, Jahrbiicher fiir wissenschaftliche Botanik, ii. p. 284 (1858) ; t. xix. xx, li. p. 205, t. xix (1860). Archer, W., On Saprolegniaceee. Proceedings Dublin Microscopi- cal Club, i. p. 17, 97. Archer, W., On two New Species in Saprolegniexw. Pro- ceedings Dublin Microscopical Club, i. p. 128. Pringsheim, N., Monographie der Achyla prolifera. Nova Acta Nat. Curios., xxii. p. 1, t. 50. De Bary, A., Kinige neue Sap- rolegnieen. Pringsheims Jahr- biicher, vol. ii. p. 169 (1860). Unger, Dr., Recherches sur VAchyla prolifera. Ann. des Se. Nat. 8rd ser., vol. ii. p. 5 (1844). Thuret, G., Recherches sur les Zoospores des Algues Saproleg- niées. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 3rd ser., vol. xiv. p. 229 (1850). Tute, J. S., Insect Moulds. Sci. Goss., 1865, p. 188. Griffith & Henfrey, Micrographical Dictionary—‘‘ Achyla,” p. 8 (1860). Braun, A., Rejuvenescence in Nature, pp. 188, 268 (1853)- Robin, C., Histoire des Végetaux parasites, p. 372 (1853). Cienkowski, in Botanische Zeitung, xiii, p. S01. Nageli, C., Zeitschrift fiir Wiss. Bot., 1. p. 102, iii. p. 28. SAPROLEGNIET. 639 The following species are named as British :— SAPROLEGNIA FERAX, Kutz. of which Sporendonema musca, Fries. or Empusa musce, Cohn. is an imperfect terrestrial con- dition. It is common on flies in autumn. (Figs. 308, 309.) SaPROLEGNIA MonorcA. JPrings. Archer in Proc. Dubl. Mier. Club, i. p. 17. 640 SAPROLEGNIEI. SAPROLEGNIA ANDROGYNA. Archer. Proc. Dubl. Micr. Club. i. p. 98, 126, t. 3, f. 1. | ACHYLA PROLIFERA. ees. AcHuyLa pioica. Prings. ACHYLA cornuTA. Archer. in Proc. Dubl. Micr. Club. i. p. 128, t. 3, f. 2-6. APHANOMYCES STELLATUS. De By. Archer in Proc. Dubl. Micr, Club. i. p. 17. ONYGENEI. 641 Family VII. ASCOMYCETES. Fruit consisting of sporidia, mostly definite, contained in asci, springing from a naked, or enclosed stratum of fructifying cells, and forming an hymenium or nucleus.—Berk. Outl. p. 357. The essential character of this important division consists in the develop- ment of definite or indefinite sporidia within certain of the external cells of the hymenium called asci, frequently accompanied by inarticulate or septate, simple or branched, threads, which are abortive asci, known under the name of paraphyses. —Berk Intr. Dp. ‘O70. Asci often evanescent. Receptacle claveform. > Asci springing from threads . . ° 3 - Onygenei. Perithecia free. Asci springing from the base . e : - - Perisporiacei. Asci persistent. Perithecia opening by a distinct ostiolum - Spheriacer. Hard or coriaceous, hymenium at length exposed - Phacidiacei. Hypogeous ; hymeniumcomplicated . - Tuberacet. FPleshy, waxy, or tremelloid ; hymenium mostly exposed Elwvellacet. Order XXVI. ONYGENEI. Peridium formed of closely interwoven threads; sporidia at length forming a compact, dusty mass.— Berk, Outl. p. 406. General receptacle claveform or subglobose ; peridium brittle, filled with branched threads, which produce asci at different points ; asci soon absorbed ; sporidia filling the cavity of the peridium, pulverulent. —Berk. Intr. p. 272. Gen. 274. ONYGENA, Pers. Parasitic on animal substances ; peridium stipitate, or sessile, papyraceous, at length splitting ; asci delicate ; sporidia at length forming a dusty mass.—Berk. Outl. p. 406. (Fig. 309. ) The species resemble little round-headed nails, and are smooth externally, and filled within with reddish powder, which is at first contained in asci. They are small and singular from their affecting animal sub- stances, and their external resemblance to little puff- balls, (Zig. 309.) 25 642 ONYGENEI. 1903. Onygena equina. fers. “ Hoof Onygena.” Head lenticular, furfuraceous, dirty white, at length more or less regularly splitting all round; stem abbreviated; sporidia oblong-ovate or ovate, simple; epispore pale tawny; nucleus oblong, hyaline.—Pers. Syn. p. 203. Eckl. Sym. Myc. t. 6, f.19. Moug. exs.no. 775. Grev.t. 343. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1844, t. 17, f.12-17. Corda. vi. t.10,f. 96. Fr. SM. ti. p. 207. Eng. FI. v. p. 822. Chev.t.8, f. 8. Lycop. equinum. Sow. t. 292. Lycop. gossypinum, Bolt. t.178. Ray. Syn. (ed. 3), t.1,f.3. Mich. t. 97, f.8. Pers. Obs. ii.t.6,f. 3,a.b.¢c. Fl. Dan. t. 13809, fl. Nees. f- 121. On hoofs of horses, &e. [ Mid. Carolina. ] (Fig. 309.) 1904. Onyzgena piligena. /7. “Flannel Onygena.” Head globose, somewhat umbilicate beneath, peridium rup- turing at the base, deciduous, membranaceous; stem elongated, equal.— Fr. S.M. iii. p. 208. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 219. FI. Dan, t. 1740, f. 2. On old flannel. Sherwood Forest. Gregarious ; stem half in. long, equal, even, fibroso-striate. According to some the peridium is double, the outer being membranaceous, white, split- ting to the base in unequal revolute laciniz, the inner very delicate and translucent. 1905. Onygena apus. £.d¢ Br. “ Bone Onygena.” Peridium white, sessile, globose, seated on a delicate, white mycelium, externally tomentose, mature mass red-brown.—B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 582. On decaying bones. Noy. Bristol. Peridia globose, white, sessile, seated ona delicate white mycelium, about the size of rape seeds, under a lens tomentose, but even, not rugose ; spo- ridia ovate-elliptic, containing one or two granules, colouring the internal mass of a dark chocolate.— B. & Br. Closely allied to the North American species O. corvina. A. & S, PERISPORIACEI. 6428 Order XXVII. PERISPORIACEL. Perithecia subglobose, always closed, except by decay, mostly membranaceous ; nucleus never diffluent.—Berk. Outil. p. 403. Perithecia free, astomous, often surrounded by threads, distinct from the mycelium (, fulera). Asci tubular or saccate, often absorbed at an early stage, springing from the base, occasionally solitary. Many of the species grow on living leaves, and are very destructive.—Berk Intr. p. 273. Perithecia collapsing above, attached to radiating fibres Lasvobotrys. Perithecia subglobose, without distinct thallus or ap- pendages . re : : . - - « « Perisporium- Conceptacle with one sporangium. ‘ Appendages floccose . : . Seer . . Spherotheca. Appendages dichotomous, thickened at the tips . Podosphera. Conceptacle with many sporangia. — Appendages needle-shaped, rigid 6 : - . Phyllactinia. Appendages hooked Saas ee : » « Uncinula. Appendages dichotomous - « + + «+ ~ Hf tcrospheeria. (Appendages floccose. . 2s ss es Erysiphe. Perithecia thin, brittle, sporangia linear, sporidia col- oured : = - . Chetomium. Perithecia seated on conidiiferous threads. < . Ascotricha. Perithecia reticulated, attached to mucedinous threads . Hurotium- Gen. 275. PERISPORIUM, Fr. Perithecium subglobose, without any manifest thallus or appendages; asci clavate ; sporidia indefinite.— Berk. Outl. p. 403. (Fg. 310.) 1906. Perisporium princeps. Berk. “ Princely Perisporium.” Peridia in clusters, sub-hemis- pherical, very black and large; ; sporidia brown, very much crowded in the asci.— Berk. in litt. Berk. Outl. p.403. Berk. ews. no. 287. On a beam which had been taken out of a chimney and ex- posed to the weather. King’s Cliffe. Fig. 310. 25 2 644 PERISPORIACEI, 1907. Perisporium vulgare. Corda, “Common Perisporium.” Gregarious, globose, black, erumpent or superficial ; asci cla- vate ; sporidia ovate, brown, concatenate in fours.—Corda. ii. f. 97. B.g Br. Ann. N.H.no. 1103. Payen f. 442-249. On old rope. Nov. Batheaston. (Fig. 310.) Sporidia in chains of four /(‘00025 in.) ‘006 m.m. long when separated ; asci with a delicate stem. 1908. Perisporium arundinis. Desm. “ Reed Perisporium.”’ Scattered, flattened, nearly black, minute; sporidia ovate, or oblong, pale brown.—Desm. eas. no. 329. Berk Ann. N.H.no. 220. Fckl.exs. no. 644. On leaves of reeds and their sheaths. Spring. ‘* A very doubtful production.” —M. J.B. Often barren. Gen. 276. LASIOBOTRYS, Kunze. Erumpent; central peri- dium between fleshy and horny, proliferous, collaps- ing above, attached to ra- diating fibres; secondary peridia ascigerous ; asci cy- lindrical.— Berk Outl. p.404. This genus differs from its allies in its subeuticular growth. (Fig. 311). 1909. Lasiobotrys lonicere. xe. ‘“ Honey-suckle Lasiobotrys.” Perithecia crowded in little orbicular tufts, even, depressed above; radiating filament simple; asci cylindrical, short, thick; sporidia ?—Kunze MH. ii. p. 88. Grev. t. 191. Moug. exs. no. 860. Fr. SM. iii. p. 233. Fr. Obs.i.t.4,f.7. Eng. Fl. v. p. 325. 3. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H.no. 661, t. xii. f. 44. Gard. Chron. Dec. 6, 1851. Desm. eas. no. 957. Corda. Anl. t. F. f. 58, 4-7. Bisch. f. 8701. Fekl. evs.no.1749. Berk. exs. no. 48. On living leaves of Lonicera. PERISPORIACEI. 645 Epiphyllous, or cauline, with or without a yellow spot, at first covered by the epidermis, when mature very black, and regular, circular, from one to two lines in breadth, slightly convex, bursting at first in the centre, and ex- posing the perithecia. 2 Oe 3ll—a, nat. size ; 6, portion of tuft enlarged; c, perithecia magni- ed. LasiopoTrys LINNE®, Berk, is Venturia Dickiai. Gen. 277. SPHZROTHECA, Lev. Mycelium arachnoid; perithe- cia globose, containing a single globose sporangium ; append- ages numerous, floccose.— Berk. Outl. p. 404. (Fig. 312.) 1910. Spherotheca pannosa. Lev. ‘Rose Blight.” Mycelium thickened, woolly, Fig. 312. felted, persistent; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered; appendages floccose, white; sporan- gium many-spored.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 138, t. 6, f. 8. Cooke Micr. F.t.xi. f. 217,218. Cooke exs.no.90. Eng. Fl. v. p. 825. Fekl. exs.no.725. Erysiphe pannosa. Tul. Carp.i.p. 208, t. 3. Berk. exs.no.96. Eurotium rosarum. Grev.t. 164, f. 2. Bast. exs.no.92. Fr. S.M. i. p. 232. On the branches, calyces, petioles, and leaves of roses. Com- mon. The conidiophorous condition is Oidiwm leucoconium.—Desmz. 1911. Spherotheca Castagnei. Jev. ‘“ Hop Blight.” On both surfaces ; mycelium effuse, web-like, commonly evan- escent; conceptacles minute, scattered, globose; appendages numerous, short, flexuose above; sporangium many-spored.— Lev. Ann.Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 139, ¢.6, 7.9, 10. Cooke M.F. t. xi. f. 216. Cooke exs.no.91. Fckl. exs. no. 711-720. EL. Dipsacearum, Tul. Carp. i.p.210,t.4,f.4-9. EH. macularis, Eng. Fl. v.p. 325. Ayres. exs. no, 22. On leaves of hop, meadowsweet, and other plants. (Wig. 312, conceptacle magnified.) 646 PERISPORIACEI. Gen, 278. PHYLLACTINIA, Lev. Perithecia hemispherical, at length depressed, seated on a persistent or evanescent mem- branaceo-granular receptacle ; appendages straight, rigid, aci- cular, at length bent back.— Berk. Outl. p. 404. (Hig. 313.) 1912. Phyllactinia guttata. Lev, “ Hazel Blight.’ Amphigenous ; mycelium web- like, often evanescent; concep- Fig. 313. tacles large, scattered, hemis- pherical, at length depressed ; appendages hyaline, rigid, simple; sporangia 4-20, containing 2-4 sporidia.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p.144, t.7, f. 11. Cooke M.F. t. xi. f. 219, 220. Cooke eas. no. 92. Fckl. exs. no. 702- 710. Erysipheguttata, Eng. Fl.v. p. 327. Bact. exs.no. 96. Tul. Carp.i.p. 194, t.i. Berk. eas. no. 205. On leaves of hawthorn, hazel, ash, elm, alder, beech, birch, oak, hornbeam, &c. Common. [ United States. | (Fig. 318, conceptacle magnified 300.) Gen. 279. UNCINULA, Ley. Mycelium floccose ; perithecia glo- bose; appendages rigid, simple, bifid, or dichotomous, uncinate, at length bent upwards.—Berk, Outl. p. 404. (Fig. 314.) 1913. Uncinula adunca. ev. “ Willow Blight.” Mycelium variable; conceptacles Fig. 314, scattered or gregarious, minute ; ap- pendages simple; sporangia 8-12, sub-pyriform, containing 4 spores.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p.150,t.7,f. 15. Cooke M.F. t. xi. f. 221-224. Fekl. exs. no. 699-700. E. Salicis, Tul. Carp. i.p.198, t.2. f. 1. H. adunca, Eng. Fl.v. p.3827. Grev.t.296. Bact. exs. no. 99. On leayes of willows, poplars, birch, &e. | [United States. | (Fig. 814, conceptacle magnified.) PERISPORIACEI. 647 1914. Uncinula bicornis. Zev. “ Maple Blight.” Amphigenous; mycelium web-like, effuse, evanescent, or like a membrane and persistent ; conceptacles large, hemispherical, at length depressed; appendages simple, bifid, or dichotomous, uncinate ; sporangia 8, sub-pyriform, containing 8 spores.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 153, t. 7, f.17. Cooke M.F.t.xi. f. 225- 228. Cooke ews. no.93. Fckl. exs.no. 701. E. aceris, Tul. Carp. i, p. 197, t.2,f.2,3. EH. bicornis, Eng. Fl.v.p.327. Ayres, exs. no. 78. On leaves of maples, &c. Common. 1915. Uncinula Wallrothii. Zev. “Sloe Blight.” Amphigenous; mycelium web-like, evanescent; conceptacles minute, scattered ; sporanges 12-16, pear-shaped, 6-spored ; ap- pendages numerous, twice the length of the diameter of the conceptacles.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv.p. 153, t. 7, f. 16. Seem. Journ.iv.p.97. Cooke M.F.ii. ed.p. 226. Erysiphe Pru- nastri, D.C. Fl. Fr. vi.p.108. Tul. Carp.i.p.199. Erysiphe adunca, p. Prunastri, Duby. p. 870. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 245. On the leaves of Prunus spinosa. October. This species is very closely allied to Uncinula adunca, from which the length of the appendages, the number of sporanges, and of the spores, with its evanescent mycelium, distinguish it. Gen. 280. PODOSPHZERA, Kunze. Mycelium effuse, web- like, evanescent; con- ceptacles spherical, con- taining one, sub-globose, 8-spored sporangium ; spores ovate; append- ages few, dichotomous, thickened at their ex- tremities, hyaline, — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. (Fig. 315.) Fig. 315. 1916. Podosphera Kunzei. Zev. “ Plum-leaf Blight.” Amphigenous; conceptacles minute, scattered, globose; ap- pendages three times the length of the diameter of the concep- 648 PERISPORIACEI. tacles—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xy. p. 135, t. 6, 7.6. Cooke Seem. Journ. t.xlv. f.3. Cooke M.F. i. ed. p. 226. Eckl. exs. no. 726-728. Erysibe tridactyla, Rabh. D. Krypt. Fl. p. 287. Desmz. Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 3, t. i. p. 361. Tul. Carp.i. p. 201, t. 4, f. 11- 13. On the leaves of Prunus domestica. September. [ Mid. Carolina. ] (Fig. 315.) 1917. Podosphera clandestina. ev. “ Hawthorn Blight.” Amphigenous ; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered; ap- pendages (8-10) equal in length to the diameter of the concep- tacles ; branches short and rounded at their extremities.— Lev, Ann. des Sc. Nat.1851, xv. p. 135, t. 6, f.5. Cooke Seem. Journ. t.xlv.f.4. Cooke M.F. ii. ed. p. 226. Fckl. exs.no.729. Erysiphe Oxyacanthe, D.C. Fl. Fr. vi. p.106. Duby. Bot. Gall. 868. Cast. Cat. p.190. Tul. Carp.i.p. 202, t.4,f.10. Hrysiphe clandestina, Fr. Sys. Myc. p. 238. On the leaves of hawthorn. September. Gen. 281. MICROSPHZERIA, Ley. Mycelium arachnoid; ap- pendages straight, dichotomous; branchlets swelling at the tip, or filiform.— Berk. Outl. p. 404. (Fig. 316.) 1918. Microspheria Hedwigii. Lev. “ Mealy Guelder-rose Blight.” Hypophyllous ; mycelium web- like, evanescent; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered; ap- Fig. 316. pendages few, very little longer than the diameter of the concep- tacles ; sporangia 4, ovate, containing 4 spores.—Lev. Ann. Se. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 155, t.8,f. 19. Cooke MF’. p. 219, t. xii. f. 243. Calocladia Hedwigit. Eckl. exs. no. 695. On leaves of mealy guelder-rose. [ Low. Carolina. ] (Fig. 816, conceptacle magnified.) PERISPORIACEI. 649 1919. Microspheria penicillata. ev. ‘“ Guelder-rose Blight.” Amphigenous ; mycelium web-like, effuse, evanescent ; con- ceptacles scattered, minute, globose; appendages 8-12, equal to the diameter of the conceptacle; sporangia 4, ovate, rostrate, containing 8 spores.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 155, t. 8,7. 21. Cooke M.F.t. xi. f. 234. Fckl. exs. 690, 691. E. Alni, Tul. Carp.i. p. 203, t. 2, f. 5-7. On leaves of guelder-rose and alder. [ United States. ] 1920. Microspheria Mougeotii. Zev. ‘“ Tea-tree Blight.” Amphigenous ; mycelium web-like, oftentimes persistent ; con- ceptacles minute, scattered or gregarious, globose, at length de- pressed; appendages loosely dichotomous ; sporangia 12-16, on a short pedicel, 2-spored.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 158,t. 9, 7.24. Cooke M.F. p.219.. On leaves of Lycium barbarum. October. 1921. Microspheria berberidis. Lev. “ Berberry Blight.” Amphigenous; mycelium web-like, oftentimes persistent; conceptacles scattered or gregarious, globose, minute; append- ages few (5-10); branchlets long, divaricate, obtuse at their apices; sporangia 6, ovate, containing 6-8 spores.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p.159, ¢. 10, f. 28. Cooke M.F.t. xi. f. 229-232. Cooke exs.no.95. Fekl.exs.no.693. E. Berberidis, Tul. Carp. i. p. 204, t. 5, f.1. E. penicillata. Eng. Fl. v. p. 327 (partly). On leaves of berberry. Autumn. 1922. Microspheria grossularie. Jev. “ Gooseberry Blight.” Amphigenous; mycelium web-like, fugacious or persistent ; conceptacles scattered or gregarious, globose, minute ; append- ages 10-15, vaguely dichotomous, ultimate branchlets bidentate; sporangia 4-8, ovate, containing 4-5 spores.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 160, ¢. 9, f. 25. Cooke M.F. p. 220. Fckl. exs. no. 697. E. penicillata, Eng. Fl. v.p. 827 (partly). On gooseberry leaves. * 1923. Microspheria comata. ev. “Spindle-tree Blight.” Hypophyllous; mycelium web-like, fugacious; conceptacles scattered, minute, globose ; sporanges, 8, ovate, with a beak- like termination at their base, 4-spored; appendages few, six 225 650 PERISPORIACEI. times the length of the diameter of the conceptacles.—Calocla- dia comata, Lev. Ann. des, Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 157, t. 9,f. 23. Cooke Seem. Journ. t.xlv. f.5. Cooke.exs.no.94. Cooke M.F. ii. ed. p. 226. Eckl. exs..no.692. Erysibe Euonymi, DC. Fl. Fr. vi. p.105. E. penicillata, «. Euonymi, Fr. S.M. iii. p. 244. On the leaves of Huonymus Europeus. September. Gen. 282. ERYSIPHE, Hedw. Mycelium arachnoid; append- - ages floccose, simple, or irregu- larly branched.—Berk. Outl. p. 404, (Fig. 817.) * Sporangia 2-spored. 1924. Erysiphe Linkii. Zev. ‘‘Mugwort Blight.” Amphigenous; mycelium web-like, fugacious or persistent; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered, emersed; appendages white, interwoven with the mycelium ; sporangia 8-20, pyri- form, with elongated pedicels.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 161,¢.10, f. 29. Cooke M.F.t. xii. f. 248, 249. Cooke eas. no. 199. Fckl. exs. no. 648,649. E. communis. Eng. Fl.v. p.3825 (partly). On leaves of mugwort. Autumn. 1925. Erysiphe lamprocarpa. Jev. “Composite Blight.” Amphigenous ; mycelium web-like, fugacious, or persistent ; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered, or gregarious; append- ages coloured, interwoven with the mycelium; sporangia 8-16, shortly pedicellate-—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851,xv. p. 163, t. 10, f. 31. Cooke M.F. t.12, f. 250, 251. Cooke exs. no. 200. Fckl. exs. no. 650-658. On leaves of Salsify, Scorzonera, Plantain, &c. Autumn. (Fig. 817, Conceptacle and Sporangium magnified.) PERISPORIACEI. 651 ** Sporangia 3-8 spored. 1926. Erysiphe graminis. D.C. “Grass Blight.’ Amphigenous or epiphyllous ; mycelium effuse, floccose, per- sistent ; conceptacles large, gregarious or disseminated, hemis- pherical, at length depressed and semi-immersed; appendages simple or interwoven with the mycelium; sporangia 20-24, ovate, pedicellate, with 8 spores.—JZev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p- 165, t.10, 7.33. Cooke M.F. t. xi. f. 235, 236. Ayres. exs. no. 23. Tul. Carp.i.p.212. Fekl. exs. no. 659. On leaves of grasses. Autumn. The conidiiferous condition of this species is Oidiwm monilioides. Link. 1927. Erysiphe martii. Zk. “ Pea Blight.” Amphigenous; mycelium web-like, very often evanescent, globose ; appendages short, interwoven with the mycelium; sporangia4-8 globose, pedicellate, with 4-8 spores.—Lev. Ann. Se. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 166, ¢.10,f34. Cooke M.F. t. xi. f. 237-239. Cooke exs.no. 96. Fekl. exs.no. 660-671. E. pist. Tul. Carp.i. p.216,t. 5, f. 7, a. b. EH. communis. Eng. Fl. v. p. 325 (partly). On leave of peas, beans, Umbellifere, &c. Autumn. Com- mon. [ Up. Carolina. ] 1928. Erysiphe Montagnei. Zev. “Burdock Blight.” Amphigenous or hypophyllous; mycelium web-like, evanes- cent; conceptacles minute, globose, gregarious or scattered; ap- pendages distinct from the mycelium; sporangia 8, ovate, ros- trate, with 2-3 spores.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 169, t. 11, 7.36. Cooke M.F.p.220. Cooke exs. no. 97. Fckl. exs. no. 678, 674. E. communis. Eng. Fl. v. p. 325 (partly). On leaves of Burdock. 1929. Erysiphe tortilis. Zk. ‘Cornel Blight.” Hypophyllous; mycelium web-like, effuse, evanescent; con- ceptacles minute, globose; appendages ten times as long, free from the mycelium, flexuose; sporangia 4, ovate, rostrate, with 4 spores.—Lev. Ann. Se. Nat. 1851, xv. p.170, t.11, f. 35. Cooke M.F. t. xii. f. 245, 246. Cooke exs.no.98. Eng. Fl. v. p. 827. Tul. Carp.i. p. 213. Fekl. exs. no. 672. Berk. exs. no. 204. On leaves of common Dogwood. Autumn. 652 PERISPORIACEI, 1930. Erysiphe communis. Sch/. “ Buttercup Blight.’ Hypophyllous; mycelium effuse, web-like, evanescent or per- sistent ; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered or gregarious; appendages short; sporangia 4-8, ovate, rostrate, with 4-8 spores.—Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 171, t.11, 38. Cooke M.F. t. xii, f. 240-242. Cookeers. no. 99. Eng. Fl. v. p. 825 (partly). Tul. Carp.i.p.214,t.5, f.8-7. Eckl. exs. no. 675-685. Berk. exs. nos. 200-2038, 269-313. On leaves of Ranunculaceae, Leguminose, &c. Autumn. Com- mon. [ United States. ] 1931. Erysiphe horridula. Lev. “ Bugloss Blight.” Amphigenous; mycelium web-like, sometimes persistent ; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered, or clustered; sporanges 20-24, oblong-ovate, attenuated downwards, containing 3-4 spores; appendages short, flexuose, and bent upwards.—JZev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 170, t. 11, f. 37. Cooke Seem. Journ. Fekl. exs. no. 688. On leaves of Lycopsis arvensis. Oct. [ Low. Carolina. | Gen, 283. CHZTomMIUM, Kze. Perithecium thin, brittle, mouthless ; spo- rangia linear, containing dark lemon- shaped sporidia.— Berk. Outl. p. 405. Eng. Fl. v.p. 327. (Fig. 318.) 1932 Chetomium elatum. ze. “Straw Bristle-Mould.” Perithecium sub-ovate, base radiato-fibrose, hairs of the ver- tex very long, interwoven, branched ; sporidia broadly elliptic, apiculate at either end.—Kunze M.H.i. t. i. f. 3. Grev. t. 230. Fr. SM. iii. p. 254. Fr.exs.no.459. Cooke MP. t. xii. f. 257-259. Cooke exs.no.100. Eng. F1. v. p.3828. Eckl. eas. no. 646. Spheria scopula. Sow.t. 386, f.4. Berk. exs. no. 49. On mouldering straw, &c. Common. [ Low. & Mid. Carolina. ] It has been stated that Sporodum conopleoides is the conidiophorous state of this species.—See No, 1756, ante. PERISPORIACEI. 653 1933. Chetomium chartarum. Zh). “ Paper Bristle- Mould.” Perithecium subglobose, black, surrounded by a bright yellow spot; sporidia subglobose.—F'r, S.M. ili. p. 259. Cooke M.F.t. xii. f. 252,253. Eng. Fl. v. p. 328. On paper. Stibbington, Hants. [ United States. ] ‘©The sporidia are decidedly more globose than in C. elatum, having very little of the peculiar lemon-like form of that species.” —M. J.B. (Fig. 318, Peritheciwm and free spore magnajied. ) 1934. Chetomium glabrum. 2B. “Smooth Bristle-Mould.” This species has never been described. It was recorded, by name only, in Berkeley’s Outlines, and, the specimens being mislaid, that gentlemen is unable to describe it completely and correctly. On damp straw. ‘Tt grew abundantly on straw, and differed from Chetomium elatum in being perfectly free from hairs.” —J/. J. B. 1935. Chetomium murorum. (Corda. ‘ Wall Bristle-Mould.” Sub-gregarious, glaucous, then blackish; perithecium glo- bose, brown; hairs circinate, erect, septate, pulverulent; spori- dia oblong, yellowish.— Corda. ii. t. 18, 7.103. Cooke, M.P’. ed. li. p. 226. On plaster. Cua#tomium Inpicum, Corda, has been found in London on paper which had come from Burmah, but it has no claim to be included as British.—Cooke ews. no. 216. ASCOTRICHA, Berk. Perithecium thin, free, mouthless, seated on loose, branched, conidiiferous threads; sporangia linear, containing dark elliptic sporidia.— Berk. Outl. p. 405. (Fig. 319.) 654 PERISPORIACEI. 1936. Ascotricha chartarum. 2. “ Paper Mildew.” Perithecium thin, olive-brown, seated on radiating flocci; sporangia linear, numerous ; sporidia broadly elliptic, chocolate- coloured.—Berk. Ann. N.H. no 116. Cooke M.F. p. 221, t. xii. f. 254-256. On white printed paper. King’s Cliffe. (Fig. 819.) Gen. 285. EUROTIUM, Link. Perithecia reticulated, vesicular, coloured, attached to mucedinous threads; sporangia delicate-—Berk. Outl. p. 405. (Fig. 320.) Fig. 320. 1937. Eurotium herbariorum. JZ. “Herbarium Mould.” Perithecium spherical, sub-depressed, yellow, seated upon radi- ating, expanded, branched, intricate flocci.—Lk. Sp.i.p.79. Eng. Fl. v.p. 333. Grev.t.164,f.1. Fr. SM. iii. p. 332. Cooke MF. p. 222, t. xii. f. 260,261. Fekl. exs.no.1748. Farinaria sulphurea, Sow. t. 379, f. 3. On plants in herbaria and various decaying substances. Com- mon. [ United States. | This is now admitted to be an ascigerous condition of Aspergillus glaucus. See No. 1757, ante. (Fig. 320.) ELVELLACEI. 655 Order. XXVIII. ELVELLACETL. Hymenium at length more or less exposed; substance soft. —Berk. Outl. p. 358. Receptacle pileate or clavate— Hymenium folded and pitted Hymenium even 5 ° Hymenium rugulose : Hymenium smooth, viscid Receptacle clavate, confluent with stem Receptacle inflated — Hymenium ribbed . 5 : = : = Receptacle capitate— Head distinct, inflated . . Head compressed, running down the stem . Head orbicular, hymenium velvety Receptacle crustaceous, effused, with root- like fibrils Receptacle cup-shaped— Dise soon open - : - ° : 3 Disc alwaysopen . ° : . ° : Receptacle indeterminate > - 2 : . Receptacle patellzform, margined— ci fixed, 3 5 . - e Asciexploded . - ° ; - Receptacle cyathiform, horny . : A - “ Receptacle closed, then open, coriaceous - . . 5 Receptacle orbicular, then truncate - - : : Receptacle spherical, waxy c > - yeas Receptacle deciduous— Dise waxy, persistent e é < : - Receptacle obsolete— Hymenium immersed in matrix = 2 Hymenium a pulverulent stratum . - . Gen. 286. MORCHELLA, Dill. 358. Morchella. Helvella. Verpa. Leotia. Geoglossum. Gyromitra. Mitrula. Spathularia. Vibrissea, Rhizinad Peziza. Helotium. Psilopezia. Patellaria. Ascobolus. Tympanis. Cenangium. Bulgaria. Agyrium. Laquearia. Stictis. Ascomyces. Receptacle clavate or pileate, impervious in the centre, stipi- tate, covered with the hymenium, which is deeply folded and pitted. —Fr. S.M. ii. p.5. Berk. Outl.p. (Fig. 321.) 1938. Morchella esculenta. Pers. “Common Morel.” Pileus ovate, adnate at the base; ribs firm, anastomosing, and forming deep pits; stem even; asci very long, sporidia oblong- 656 ELVELLACEI. ovate—I'r. S.M. ii. p. 6. Badh.i.t.12,f. 2, ii. t.12, 7.6. Hogg. § Johnst. t.2. Vent.t.16,f.5-8. Fckl. exs.no.1243. Rav. eas. i. no. 36. Tratt. Aust. t.6,no.11. Tratt. Ess.t. H.E. Smith, E.M. f. 20. Grev.t.68. Huss.i.t.13. Berk. Outl.t.21, f. 5. Cooke BF. f.h. Phallus esculentus, Bolt. t. 91. Scheff. t. 199. Bull. t. 238? Mich. t. 85, f. 1. Sow.t. 51 (part). Batt. t. wf. #. #1. Dan. t.53. Vent. f. 107-109. Rog. t.1, f.4-5. Hrz.t.50. Bisch. f. 8302. Eng. Fl. v. p. 182. In woods, &c. Spring—Summer. Esculent. [S. Carolina. ] Varying much in breadth and height, sometimes conical, sometimes al- most cylindrical. Pileus 2-3 in. high, yellowish, olivaceous, cinereous, &c., the ribs sometimes tinged with a different colour from the cells. Stem hol- low, 1-3 in. high. —/, J. B. (Fig. 321.) 1939. Morchella crassipes. Pers. ‘ Gigantic Morel.” Pileus subconic, brown, base adnate, ribs irregular, undulated, thick; pits polymorphous, large, deep, the bottom celluloso- plicate ; stem large, tall, incrassated at the base, lacunose, at- tenuated upwards, smooth, somewhat flesh-coloured.—Pers. Syn. p.621. B.&. Br. Ann. N.H.no. 1151. Smith Seem. Journ. 1868, t.73. Vent. p. 509, f.2. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 9. Krombh. t.16,f. 1. In ahedgerow. April. §. Devon. KEsculent. Sporidia oval, yellow, depressed (‘0007-'0008 in.) :017-"02 m.m. long (:00032- 00042 in.), ‘007-01 m.m. broad. The substance of the flesh is not so firm as that of WZ. esculenta, and not so readily dried ; it becomes moist and is apt to decompose.— W-G.S. Attains a height of ninein. or more, and is remarkable for its grooved stem. 1940. Morchella patula. Pers. ‘ Spreading Morel.” Pileus obtuse, free to the middle, pits rhomboid; stem even. —Fr. S.M.ii.p.10. Nees. f. 164. Sow. t.51 (partly). Eng Fl. v.p.185. Bisch. f. 33801. In woods, &c. Rare. Obtusely and broadly conic ;-stem 2 in. high; cells even within. 1941, Morchella semiliberaz. D.C. ‘“ Half-free Morel.” Pileus conical, free to the middle, ribs longitudinal, forming oblong pits, which are veined within; stem even; sporidia large, oval.—Fr. S.M.ii.p.10. Mich. t. 84, f.3. Vent. t.11,f. 105,106. Grev. t. 89. Eng. Fl. v. p. 183. Morchellahybrida. Sow. t. 238. Kl. es. no. 232. Under hedges, &c. Esculent. ELVELLACE1. 657 Pileus when young conic or sub-globose-conic, yellowish-olive, the reticu- lations formed by ribs running down with tolerable regularity {rom the apex, oblong, with a few wrinkles within ; stem short, thickest at the base, slightly furfuraceous; pileus when mature 14 in. high, nearly as broad, darker, free for rather more than half its height, reticulations still oblong, but occa - sionally some are rhomboidal ; sporidia large, oval, yellowish ; stem 5 in. or more high, 1 in. thick at the base, hollow, pitted and wrinkled below, more or less grooved through its whole length, flexuons, slightly tinged with red- dish brown, decidedly furfuraceous, crisp ; taste pleasant. —Eng. Fl. Gen. 287. GYROMITRA, Fr. Receptacle inflated, bullate, rough, with raised gyrose ribs.— Berk, Outl. p.358. (Fig. 322.) 1842. Gyromitra esculenta. Fr. “Edible Gyromitra,” Pileus inflated, irregular, un- dulated, gyroso-rugose, brown, margin adnexed to the even, vil- lous stem; sporidia uniseriate, oblong-ovate, with two nuclei.— Fig BoGubr: Anno NH. no. S20. Helvella Peticite, Fr. S.M.ii.p.16. Scheff.t.160? Fekl. exs. no.2087. Tratt. Essb.t. C.C. Kl. exs.no.138. Badh. ii. t. 12 Ae 3-5. In pine woods. April. Rare. Weybridge. (Fig. 322.) HELVELLA, Linn. Receptacle pileate, hanging down over the stem ; concave and barren below; hymenium even.—/'r. S.M. ii. p. 13. Berk. Outl. p. 358. (Fig. 323.) 1943. Helvella gigas. Kromb. “ Large Helvella.” Pileus large, lobed, undulate, plicate or crisp, pallid, whitish or ochraceous; lobes sub-adnate, ad- pressed to the stem; stem thick, cellular, waxy, whitish, lacunose, 658 ELVELLACEI. nearly smooth; asci rather large ; spores large, oval, granular. —Krombh. t.20. Curr. Linn. Trans. xxiv. t. 25, f.25. Ann. N.A. no. 1060. On the ground. Blackheath Park. Very variable in colour. 1944. Helvella crispa. fr. “ Pallid Helvella.” Pileus deflexed, lobed, at length free, crisped, pallid; stem fistulose, costato-lacunose ; asci sub-clavate; sporidia ovate, hyaline, granular.— Vent. t. 11, £110. Corda. Anl. t. G. f. 67, 7- 8. Bisch. f. 3274. Fekl. exs. no.1242. Fr. S.M.i.p.14. Berk. Outl. t.21,f.4. Grev.t.143. Sow.t.39. Ray. Syn. ed. 3, p.8, no. 59. Scheff. t.282. Bull. t. 466. Fl. Dan.t.1560. Cooke B.F.f. i, Mich. t.86,f.7. Gled.t.2,f.3. Batt.t.2,f.9. Tratt. Hss.t. D. D. Eng. Flv. p.184. Price.t.7,f. 47. Badh.1.t. 14, f. 2,0. t.5, f.l. SmithE.M.f.16. Vent.t.31,f.1,2. Rav. exs. vi. no. 75. Berk. exs. no. 264. In woods. Common. Esculent. [S. Carolina. ] Pileus whitish, flesh coloured, or yellowish. Stem 3-5 in, high, snowy- white, deeply lacunose and ribbed, the ribs hollow.—E£zg. Fl. 1945. Helvella lacunosa. A/fz. “Cinereous Helvella.” Pileus inflated, lobed, cinereous black, lobes deflexed, adnate ; stem fistulose, costato-lacunose ; asci cylindrical, stipitate ; sporidia ovate, hyaline—Badh.i. t.14,f.1. Fl. Boruss. t. 383. Vent. t. 31, f.4-5. Fl. Dan.t.1968,f.1. Bail.t.21. Fckl. exs. no.1241. Pricet.16,f.100. Fr. S.M.ii.p.15. Holms. ii. t. 24. Scheff. t. 154, t. 162. Nees. f.163. Cooke BF f.k. Eng. Fl. v.p. 184. Grev.t.36. Berk. exs. no. 265. In woods. Common. Esculent. [ Low. Carolina. ] Stem white or dusky. 1946. Helvella sulcata. Ajfz. ‘‘Sulcate Helvella.” Pileus deflexed, lobed, adnate; stem stuffed, equal, sulcate ; spores broadly elliptic—A/z. t.10,f.1. Fr. S.M. ii. p.15. Batt. t.3,f.B. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. 1866, no. 764, 1152. On the ground. Oct. Bowood. [ Mid. Carolina. ] Spores very broadly elliptic, with a single large globose nucleus ('0006- ‘0007 in.) ‘015-"017 m.m. long. Solitary, rarely gregarions, smooth. Stem Qin. long, 4-5 lines thick, attenuated upwards, longitudinally sulcate ; pileus deflexed, equally 2-3 lobed, even, compressed, darker when dry.— B.& Br. ELVELLACEI, 659 1947. Helvella elastica. Pull. ‘‘ Peziza-like Helvella.” Pileus free, even, inflated, at length acutely lobed; stem elongated, thin, attenuated, pruinose—F/, Dan. 16.8, f. 2. Corda. vy. f.70. Corda. Anl.t. 67, f. 4-6. Cooke exs. no. 233. Kl. exs.no.137. Fr. S.M.ii.p. 21. Bull.t.242. Bolt.t.95. Sow. t. 154. Scheff. t.220. Eng. Fl.v.p.184. Ann. N.H. no. 86. Fckl. exs.no.2086. Kromb. t.21, f. 21. Berk. exs. no. 266. In woods. Much resembling in some of its forms Peziza macropus. (Fig. 323.) 1948. Helvella ephippium. Zev. “ Minute Helvella.” Small; pileus deflexed, lobed, decidedly velvety beneath.— Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. ii. vol. xvi. p. 240, t.14, f. 7. B.g Br. Ann. N.H. no. 552. Scheff. t.3821. Rav. ews. vi. no. TA. On the ground in wood. Spring and autumn. [S. Carolina. ] Scarcely lin. high. Very near to H. elastica, and differs principally in its dwarf size and decidedly velvety coat.—B. & Br. Gen. 289. VERPA, Swartz. Receptacle clavato-plicate, hollow below, and inflated, or conical and adpressed, equally deflexed all round ; hymenium rugulose, but not costate, or nearly even.—Berk. Outl. p.3d9. (Fig. 324.) 1949. Verpa digitaliformis. ers. “ Finger-shaped Verpa.”’ Pileus campanulate, finger-shaped, rugulose, umber; stem equal, trans- versely squamulose; sporidia yellow- Fig. 324. ish, elliptic —Fr. S.M. 11. p. 24. Pers. M.E. t.7,f.1-8. Berk. Outl. t.21, f. 6. Corda. Sturm. t. 7, t. 6. fing. Fl. v.p.184. Pay. f. 380. Kl. exs. no. 1629. Under hedges. Rare. Pileus at first nearly even, olivaceous-umber, dark at the apex; stem obese, furnished at the base with a few subrufous radicles, white, with a slight rufous tinge marked with transverse rufous spots, smooth to the naked eye, but under a lens clothed with fine adpressed flocci, the rupture of which gives rise to the spots which are, in fact, minute scales. In the mature plant the pileus is § in. high, campanulate, digitaliform, or subglobose, more or less closely pressed to the stem, but always free, the edge sometimes in- flexed so as to form a white border, wrinkled, but not reticulated, under side 660 ELVELLACEI. slightly pubescent ; sporidia yellowish, elliptic; stem 3 in. high, } in. or more thick, slightly attenuated downwards, loosely stuffed, by no means hollow.— Lng. Fl. (Fig. 324.) 1950. Verpa conica. Som. ‘“Yellow-stemmed Verpa.” Pileus campanulate, nearly even, brown; margin subsinuated, yellow beneath, as well as the equal stem.—/Fr. S.M. ii. p. 24. Sow. t. 11. Fl. Dan. t.654. Eng. Fl. v.p. 185. Corda. Sturm.t. 11. On the ground. Rare. Gen. 290. MITRULA, Fr. Soft and fleshy, simple, capitate ; stem distinct ; hymenium surround- ing the inflated club.— Berk. Outl. p. 360. (Fig. 325.) 1951. Mitrula cucullata. /7. “ Hooded Mitrula.” Head ovate, hood-shaped, even, sub-ferruginous ; stem thread- shaped; asci elongated-clavate; spo- ridia narrowly lanceolate, hyaline, with 2-3 nucleii—Krombh. t. 5, f. 23-24. Berk. Outl. p. 360. Batsch. f. 182. Cooke exs. no. 232. Sow.t. 84. Berk. exs.no. 254. Pers. Disp. t. 3, f. 12. Grev.t. 81. Fr. S.M.1. p. 492. Geoglossum cucullatum. Eng. Fl.v.p.179. Fl. Dan. t.1670,f.2. Fabh. exs.no. 37. Busch. f. 3378. Fckl. exs. no. 1237. Amongst fir leaves. Often overlooked from its small size. 1952. Mitrula paludosa. /7, “Marsh Mitrula.”’ Head ovate, obtuse, inflated, even, orange; stem pale, hollow; asci linear; sporidia lanceolate, hyaline—F’r. S.M. i. p. 491. Ray. Syn. p. 28. Bull. t.463,f.3. Sow. t.293. Dicks. t. 9, f. 10. Pers. Syn. t.8,f.15. Fl. Dan. t. 13877. Grev. t. 3812. Berk. eas. no. 278. Huss.i.t.9. Eng. Fl. v.p.180. Bail. t. 21. Kl. exs.no. 238. Fckl. exs.no.1236. Rav. ews. v. no. 36. On leaves, in ditches, &e. Local. [S. Carolina. ] Pileus very variable in form, hollow, of a delicate bright orange-yellow ; asci linear, containing about four linear truncate sporidia,—Grev. (Jig. 325.) ELVELLACEI. 661 Gen. 291. SPATHULARIA, P. Dise capitate, compressed, running down into the stem on either side.—Berk. Outl. p. 360. (Fig. 326.) 953. Spathularia flavida. Pers, “Yellow Spathularia,” Head spathulate, compressed, even, yellow ; stem whitish; asci clavate ; sporidia linear, multi-nucleate,curved.— Corda ii. f.125. Krombh. t. 5, f. 22. Price t.5,f. 84. Fr. S.M.1. p. 491. Berk. Outl. t. 21, f.7. Grev. t. 165. Pay. f. 21-375. Scharf. t.149. Schmid. t. 50, f.1. Sow.t. 35. Berk. exs.no. 257. Schm. exs.no.194. Nees. f.156 A.B. Eng. Fl.v.p.179. Kl. exs. no. 815. Corda. Anl. t. G.f. 66, 6-10. Fekl. exs. no, 1143. In fir woods. July—October. Mostly gregarious, 3-5 in. high; pileus hollow, yellow, rarely reddish, much compressed, more or less of an erect obovate form, slightly inflated, undulated or even lacunose, sometimes bifid, or inclining to be lobed. The stem appears to pass along and eventually penetrate the pileus half way or near the summit ; sporidia discharged elastically.—Grev. (Fig 326.) Gen. 292. LEoTIA, Hill. Receptacle pileate, supported in the centre by the stem; mar- gin revolute, covered everywhere with the smooth, somewhat viscid hymenium.—Berk, Outl. p. 360. (Fig. 327.) 1954. Leotia lubrica. ers. “ Slimy Leotia.” Tremelloid ; pileus swollen, re- pand, greenish yellow ; stem hol- Fig. 327. low, subequal, yellow; asci cylin- drical; paraphyses branched; sporidia oblong, obtuse, curved, hyaline.—Fr. S.M. ii. p. 29. Berk. Outl. t. 22, f. 1. Grev. t. 56. Corda. ii. f.126. Rav. exs. vi.no.77. Vaill.t. 11, f. 7-9. Cooke 662 ELVELLACEI. exs. no. 23. Mich. t. 82, f. 2. Berk. exs. no. 255. Bull. t. 473, f. 2. Fekl. exs.no.1188. Sow.t.70. Nees. f. 162.144.B. Pers. M.E. t. 9, f. 4-7. Fl. Dan.t.719. Eng. Fl. v. p. 186. Corda. Anl. t. G. f. 66, 15-17. Kl. exs.no. 911. Price t.i.f. 10. In woods. Common. [S. Carolina. ] Varying greatly in size and form; stem at first pulpy within, sometimes squamulose.—M, J. B. (Fig. 327.) Gen. 293. VIBRISSEA, Fr. Receptacle capitate, supported in the centre by the stem, covered above with the hymenium ; mar- gin adnate to the stem; asci and filiform sporidia bursting forth, and rendering the hymenium velvety. —Berk. Outl.p. 361. (Fig. 328.) Fig. 328. 1955. Vibrissea truncorum. /7. “Golden Vibrissea.” Simple; head orbicular, golden yellow; stem cylindrical, glaucous, then blackish. Fr. S.M. il. p. 81. Bisch. f. 3874. Bail. t.21. Corda. Anl. t. G.f.66, 1-2. A.g S.t.3, 7.2. Pers. M.E.t. 11, 7.9. Moug. exs. no. 781. Eng. Fl. v. p.186. On wood in water. Rare. [ Mid. Carolina. | Receptacle 1-2 lines broad, barren beneath; stem 2 lines—1 in. or more high.— WM. J. B. (Fig. 328.) Gen. 294. GEOGLOSSUM, P. Receptacle clavate, simple, confluent with the stem; hymenium surrounding the club.— Berk. Outl.p. 361. (Fig. 329.) 1956. Geoglossum viride. P. “Green Geoglossum.” Subfasciculate, verdigris-green, clubs distinct ; stem squamulose; sporidia ellip- tic, colourless.—/'r. S.M.i. p. 489. Grev.t. 211. Fl. Dan. t.1258.f.1. Eng. Fl. v. p. 179. Holms.i.p.24, with fig. Pers. Comm. t. 3, f.3. Ditm. Sturm. t, 48. Bisch. f. 3389. Pay.f. 379. Schnal. t.16, f.11, 12. Kl. ews. ELVELLACEI. 663 no. 1613. Nov. Act. (1842), t.57,f. 146-148. Fekl. eas. no. 1140. Krombh. t. 54, f. 26-27. In woods. 1957. Geoglossum olivaceum. P. “Olive Geoglossum.” * Smooth, dry, dingy-olive ; clubs compressed, distinct.—F’r. S.M.i.p. 489. Ann. N.H. no. 765. Price t. 16, f. 102. var. 3. purpureum. Dingy purple.—Berk. Outl. t.22,/. 3. On lawns. Oct. Rare. Sporidia (‘0006 in.) 015 m.m. long. 1958. Geoglossum glutinosum. P. “Glutinous Geoglossum.”’ Smooth, blackish; clubs compressed, distinct; stem viscid. —Fr.S8.M.i.p.489. Eng.Fl.v.p.178. Kl. exs. no. 641, il. no. 319. ; Grassy places. Rare. Stem nearly equal, 1 in. or more high, clothed with tenacious gluten, red- dish brown, inclining to black ; receptacle somewhat lanceolate, obsoletely viscid, blacker than the stem.—/’rves. - 1959. Geoglossum viscosum. P. ‘“ Viscid Geoglossum.” Smooth, viscid, black; clubs cylindrical, confluent with the stem ; sporidia linear, rounded at the ends, curved, triseptate, pale-brown.— Fr. S.M. i. p. 489. Eng. Fl.v.p.178. Grev.t. 55. Loud. f.16186. Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 333. Moist meadows, pastures, &c. 1960. Geoglossum glabrum. P. “Smooth Geoglossum.”’ Smooth, dry, blackish; stem subsquamulose ; sporidia fasci- culate, linear-fusiform, 3-4 septate, dark brown.—Krombh. t. 5, f. 20, 21. Price t. 3, f.17. Feckl. eas.no. 1142. Hing. Fl. v.p. 178. Fr. S.M.i.p. 488. Vaill.t.7,f.5. Mich.t.87,f.4. Bull. t. 372. Clav. ophioglossoides, Bolt. t.111, f.2. Fl. Dan. t. 1076, f. 2. Schm. exs.no.47. Corda. Anl. G.f. 65, 1-4. Bisch. f. 3379. K1. exs. no. 239. Grassy places. [ Mid. Carolina. ] 1961. Geoglossum hirsutum. P. “ Hairy Geoglossum.” Black, hairy; head confluent with the stem; sporidia fasci- culate, elongated fusiform, somewhat curved, 15-septate, dark brown.— Corda. ii. f.124. Eng. Fl.v.p.178. Fr. S.M.1.p. 488. 664 ELVELLACEI. Sow. t. 85. Schaff. t. 327. Nees. f. 157. Schm. exs.no. 122. Mich. t. 87, f. 3.Berk. Outl. t. 22, f.2. Corda, Anl. G. f. 65, f. 5-8. Bisch. f. 3380-8384. Loud. f. 16184. Rav. exs.vi.no.79. Eckl. exs. no. 1141. Amongst grass. Common. [S. Carolina. ] 1962. Geoglossum difforme. /7. “ Twisted Geoglossum.” Smooth, even, subviscid, black; club compressed, distinct ; sporidia linear, curved, tri-septate, pale-brown.—Jrombh. t. 54, f. 28,29. Fr. S.M.1.p.489. Berk. exs.no.256. Eng. Fl. v. p. 178. Kl. exs.ii.no.424. Pricet. 18, f. 117; Amongst grass. Sept.—Oct. [ United States. | Receptacle compressed, lanceolate, hollowed out on either side, distorted, distinct, smooth, very slightly viscid, dark brown-black, 1 in. or more long. Stem equal, cylindrical, but little compressed, 14 in. high, 2 lines thick ; sporidia as in G, viscosum.—M.J.B. (Fig. 329, nat. size.) Gen. 295. RHIZINA, Fr. Crustaceous, effused, then bul- lato-inflated, underset with root- like fibrils —Fr. S.V.S. Receptacle effused,crustaceous, bullate, concave beneath, furnished with numer- ous root like fibrille; margin deflexed ; hymeniui occupying the whole of the superior surface, even, persistent ; asci fixed, large; sporidia ovato-oblong, with two sporidioli; stem none; pileus con- vex, subrotund, determinate, margin at first byssoid; substance fleshy.—Fr.S.M. li. p. 80. (Fig. 380.) Fig. 830. 1963. Rhizina undulata. Jr. ‘ Waved Rhizina.” Effused, undulated, bay-brown; margin inflexed, flocculose beneath and pallid ; asci linear, eight spored ; sporidia fusiform, binucleate ; paraphyses claviform.—JI’r, S.M. 11. p. 33. Tul. Hyp. t.21,f.16. B.& Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1076. Intell. Obs. no. 25. Curr. Linn. Trans. xxiv. p. 498, t. 51, f. 7-9. Rabdh. exs. no. 39. On sandy banks where the heath had been burnt down. Ascot. [S. Carolina. ] Some of the specimens have a raised yellow margin, as in 2. levigata, but this vanishes with age. Sporidia colourless or yellowish (-0012-"0014 in.) 025-03 m,m. long. (Lig. 830.) ELVELLACET, 665 Gen. 296. PEZIZA, Linn. Cup-shaped; cup more or less concave, soon open; disc naked; asci fixed.— Fr. S.M. ii. p. 40. Fries divides this genus into three groups, with the following distinguish. ing characteristics :— (Fig. 331.) Fig. 331. : Externally pruinose or floccoso-furfuraceous oe Alewrian Externally pilose or villous .* . + + «-« «+. «. JLachnea. Externally almost naked, smooth . . . =. - « Phiatea: Series 1. Aleuria., Fr. Fleshy or carnoso-membranaceous, externally pruinose, or floccoso-furfuraceous. Mostly terrestrial. Stem firm, sulcate, elongated . : - Macropodes. Subsessile, oblique, or twisted . - - Cochleata. Subsessile, regular : ieee - - Cupulares. Small, somewhat fleshy, margin flocculose Humaria More or less coriaceous « : . “ 2 Encelia. The last section, Excelia, scarcely accords with the characters of the series. Sec. 1. Macropodes—stem firm, sulcate, or elongated. 1964. Peziza acetabulum. JZ. ‘Reticulated Peziza.” Cyathiform, dingy, ribbed externally with branching veins, which run up from the short, lacunose, fistulose stem.—Fr, S.M.ii.p.44. Fekl. exs.no. 1231-2084. Sow. t.59. Vaill. t. 13. f.1. Bull.t.485,f.4. Eng. Fl. v. p. 187. Acetabula vulgaris, Fekl. Sym. Myc. p. 830. On the ground in spring. Esculent. [Low. Carolina. ] Cup 2 in. broad, 1} in. high, externally floccoso-furfuraceous, light-umber, darker within, mouth contracted, firm, tough, flesh not very thick; stem 4 in. high, smooth, deeply, but regularly costato-lacunose, the ribs branch- ing at the top and forming reticulations on the outside of the cup, so as to resent the appearance of a cluster of pillars supporting a font or roof, with Betwork between them.—Zing, Fl. Sporidia ‘016-024 X °012-"016 m.m.— Nyl. 9 (Fig. 381.) aF 666 ELVELLACEI. 1965. Peziza macropus. Pers. “ Long-stemmed Peziza.” Cup hemispherical, hirto-verrucose, cinereous ; dise mouse- coloured ; stem very long, attenuated; sporidia ellipsoid.—Fr. S.M.ii. 9.57. Buxb.iv.t.29,f.2. Eng. Fl. v.p.189. Bull. t. 457, f. 2, t.196. Sow. t. 38. Scharff. t. 166. Bolt. t.96. Pers. Obs. ii.t.1, 7.2. Fl. Dan. t. 1200, f.2. Holms.ii. t. 10. Fckl. exs. no. 1234. Grev.t.70.. Macropodia macropus, Fckl. Sym. Myce. p. 331. Cooke exs. no. 289. On the ground in woods. Common. [ United States. ] Varying greatly in the degree of pubescence, occasionally the border of the pileus is reflexed, and thereis then no small degree of resemblance to Helvella elastica.—Eng Fl. Sporidia *022-°027 X ‘011-014 mm. yl. Sporidia ellipsoid ‘02-027 x ‘011-014 m.m. (-0007-0009 X ‘00035 in.) paraphyses filiform, thickened at the apex. — Karst. - 1966. Peziza tuberosa. Pull. ‘Tuberous Peziza.” Thin, cup infundibuliform, bright brown, turning pale; stem elongated, springing from an irregular black tuber (sclerotium). —Fr. S.M. ii. p. 58. Hedw. t.10,f. B. Berk. exs.no. 153. Bull. t. 485. f. 2,3. Sow. t.6, 3. Rabh. eas. no. 1522. Gonn. § Rabh. i. t.1, f.1. Fekl. exs.no.1235. Huss. ii. t.10. Moug. § N. exs. 397. Eng. Fl. v. p. 189. Sclerotinia tuberosa, Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 381. On the ground in woods. Spring. { Mid. Carolina. ] Stem running deep into the earth, 1-3 in. high, attached to a Sclerotium. Sporidia oblong: ellipsoid, simple, ‘008-016 X *005-'009 m.m. (0008-0006 > *00019-:00035 in.)— Karst. 1967. Peziza rapulum. Buil. ‘“ Wine-cup Peziza.” Thin, yellowish-brown, cup infundibuliform, nearly smooth ; stem twisted, root elongated, fibrillose—/r. SM. ii. p. 59. Bull. t. 485, f.8. Nees. f. 291. Holms. ii. t.9. Eng. Fl. v.p. 189. On the ground. Rare. [ Low. Carolina. | Observed only by Dickson. Sect.2. Cochleate—subsessile, pruinose, oblique, or twisted. 1968. Peziza venosa. P. “ Veined Peziza.” Sessile, somewhat twisted, dark umber, white beneath, rugose with costate veins. —I'r. S.M. ii. p. 46. Jacq. Mis.t.17, f.1. Berk. Outl. t. 22, f.6. Grev.t.156. Huss. ii.t. 7. P. reticulata, Eng. F.V.p: 187. On the ground in spring. Esculent? Many inches broad. Odour strong, like that of nitric acid. ELVELLACEI. 667 1969. Peziza badia. P. ‘‘ Large brown Peziza.” Subsessile, entire, flexuose, brown, margin at first involute, externally pruinose, paler, inclining to olive (as well as the mar- _ gin); sporidia oblong-ovate, epispore rough.—Fr. S.M. ii. p. a6) Vaill.t.11; 7-3. Bolt.t.99. Berk. Outl.t.22, f.4. Huss. ii. t.13. Eng. Fl.v.p.187. Gonn. & Rabh. iii. t. i. f. 8. Rabh. eas. no. 337. Margin of ponds. Summer. [ Up. Carolina. ] Variable in colour. 1-2 in. broad, subespitose, irregular, slightly pruinose externally, villous at the base, and often lacunose ; dise occasionally porous, extremely changeable in colour, often, in the same individual, changing from rufous to a beautiful olive, brownish, &c.— Fries. ‘ ee ellipsoid, rough °016-°02 x ‘008-"011 m.m, (*0005-°0007 x ‘0008 in.)—Vyl. Sporidia ellipsoid, rough ‘015-"02 ‘068-011 m.m.— Karst. Sporidia °0178-°02 X ‘009 m.m.—G@.& R. 1970. Peziza phlebophora. 2.4 Br. “Small-veined Peziza.” Cups poculiform, oblique, substipitate, finely pulverulent, venoso-costate at the base—B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1153; t. 3,7. 9. On clay banks. King’s Cliffe, Brislington. Cup 3-14 in. across, often rather oblique, yellow or brownish, springing from a very short, stem-like base, from which branched ribs are given off, ending in little pits ; sporidia (‘0004 in.) ‘01 m.m. long ; hymenium often venose. 1971. Peziza cochleata. Huds. “ Whorled Peziza.” Sessile, ceespitose, large, twisted, umber, externally pruinose; sporidia oblong-ovate.—/’r. S.M. ii. p.50. Buaxb. iv. t. 29, f. 1. Bull. t. 154, f.2. Sow.t.5. Sv. Bot. t.486, fi. 2. (Scheff. t. 274, var.) Eng. Fl. v. p. 188. Amongst grass. [ United States, ] Sporidia *015-'016 x ‘006-"007 m.m. (0005 x *0002 in.)— Vy. Sporidia *006-'007 m.m. broad, 1-1} times as long.—G.& R. 1972. Peziza succosa. Berk. ‘ Pale Milky Peziza.” Cup nearly regular, entire, pale waxy-brown, externally white and pruinose ; juice bright yellow ;. asci elongated, slightly flexuose ; sporidia ovate, with two nucleii—Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 156,2#.10,/.5. Berk. Outl. p. 363. 2F 2 668 ELVELLACEI. On the ground, in gardens. Norths. _[Low. Carolina.] Cup one in. in diameter, hemispherical or subglobose, with the margin in- curved, within of a pale waxy brown, without paler and mealy. ‘The flesh when broken pours out a yellow juice.—M. J. B. 1973. Peziza leporina. Satsch, “ Browneear Peziza.” Substipitate, elongated on one side, ear-shaped, sub-ferrugi- nous, externally farinose, internally, and base even.—/r. S.M. i. p. 47. Scheff. t. 156. Fl. Dan. t. 1077, f. 2. Fckl. exs. no. 1233. Nees. f. 278. Holms.ii.t. 6. Rabh. FE. no. 512. Otidealeporina. Fkl. Sym. Myc. p. 329. On the ground, in wood. Sometimes cinereous or yellowish; sporidia (‘0006 in.) ‘015 m.m. long, with curved paraphyses. Sporidia *018-"031 X :009-'014 m.m.—WVyl. Sporidia ellipsoid *018-"03 X ‘009-014 m.m. with one or two nuclei (*0006- *0011 x :00035-:0005 in.— Karst. Sporidia ‘009:013 m.m. broad, and about twice as long.—G.¢é R. 1974. Peziza onotica. P. “ Orange-ear Peziza.”’ Substipitate, elongated on one side, ear-shaped, externally mealy, internally rosy or orange, base at length rugose; sporidia oblong-ovate.— Fr. S.M.ii.p. 48. Fl. Boruss. t.3896. Sturm. ii. t.16. Sv. Bot. t. 436, f.1. P.leporina. Sow.t. 79. Eng. Fl. v. p. 187. Rabh. F.E. no. 215. Otidea onotica. Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 329. On the ground, in woods. Rare. Coed Coch. [ Mid. Carolina. ] Cup 3-4 in. high; sporidia *011-°015 X *007-"009 m.m.—Wyl. Sporidia ellipsoid, ‘015-'021 X ‘008-'011 m.m, with one or two nuclei,— Karst. Sporidia (0005 in.) ‘0127 m.m. long. 1975. Peziza aurantia. /7. “ Orange Ground Peziza.” Subsessile, irregular, oblique, orange, externally somewhat pruinose, whitish; sporidia elliptic, rough.—Fr. §.J/. ii. p. 49. Sterb. t. 26, f.D. Scheff. t. 148. Bull. t. 474. Fl. Dan.t. 657, f. 2. Fkl. exs.no. 1228. Nees. f.179. Batsch. f.157. Fl. Boruss. t. 384. Holms.ii.t.7. P. coccinea. Sow.t. 78. Bolt. t.100. Cooke BF. front. Huss.i.t. 87. Eng. Fl.v.p.187. Gonn. §& Rabh.iii. t. 2,f.3. Aleuria aurantia. F’ckl. Sym. Myc. p. 825. On the ground, in woods. Common, [ Cincinnati. ] ELVELLACEI. 669 At first hemispherical, with a short stem, margin almost involute; at length split, curled, and flexuous, of the clearest orange within; externally pale, mealy, with minute sparkling granules.—Hng. Fl. Sporidia ellipsoid, ‘012-016 X ‘008-01 m m, ( iri ‘005 X 0003 in.) with two nuclei.— Karst. Sporidia “020-023 x ‘009-011 m.m.—G.¢ R. 1976. Peziza luteo-nitens. 2B.d Br, “Bright Yellow Peziza,”’ Crowded, bright yellow; cups concave, nearly regular, at length flexuose; asci linear; sporidia elliptic, with two nuclei; paraphyses filiform; apices slightly clavate —B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 556. Berk. Outl. p. 364. On the bare ground. Rare. King’s Cliffe. Bright orange yellow, when very young globose, then concave, gradually becoming irregular, and at length flexuous, smooth externally, 4-3 in. broad, resembling at first sight stunted specimens of P. aurantia, but essentially different, not only as proved a the habit, but the smooth, not e¢uinulate or pointed sporidia. —B.& Br. 1977. Peziza fibrillosa. Curr. ‘ Woolly Orange Peziza.” Cup 1 in. broad, nearly sessile, irregular, orange, clothed ex- ternally with dingy-white downy fibrille, which form a rather dense tomentose edging to the cup; spores quite smooth, ellip- tical without nuclei; paraphyses filiform, enlarged spherically at the apex.—Curr Linn. Trans. xxiv. p. 153. On the ground. Oct., 1861. Hanham wood. In some of the asci I noticed a cupulate depression at the summit. Allied to P. aurantia, from which it differs in the woolly external covering, and smooth sporidia. Sporidia ( 0006-'0007 in. ) 015-017 m.m. long.—F. C. Sect. 3. Cupulares. Subsessile, regular. * Pustulate. 1978. Peziza repanda. Wahl. “Spreading Peziza.” Large, incised, waved, brown, internally somewhat wrinkled, brown, externally farinose, whitish; base elongated, rooting ; sporidia oblong-ovate, rough —F’r. S.M. i. p.51. Jacq. Misc. t. 10. Grev.t.59. Eng. Fl.v. p. 188. Pers. Ic. Pict. t. 20, f.2? Pli- caria repanda. Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 328. On the ground, and stumps, Variable in size ; pileus when splitting never convolute, Sporidia *010- ‘014 X *006:007 m.m, —WNyl. 1. Sporidia *015-"018 xX *008-"009 m,m. (0005-" 0006 X *0003in.)—Vyl, 2. 670 ELVELLACEI. 1979. Peziza cerea. Sow. “ Waxy Peziza.” Large, infundibuliform, waved, yellowish, externally whitish, as well as the villous, stem-like base.—F’r. S.M.ii. p. 52. Sow. t.3. Eng. Fl.v.p.188. Plicaria cerea. Fekl. Sym. Myc. p. 327. Gonn. & Rabh. ii. t.2,f.1. Fckl. exs. no. 1225. On tan beds, &c. Rare. , Abundantly on leaves, &c., in a hothouse, at Uffington, Lincolnshire. March, Very brittle. Sporidia ellipsoid, ‘017-018 X *007-'009 m.m., ('0006 X :00027-°00035 in.) — yl. Karst. Sporidia ellipsoid, ‘008-009 m.m. broad, and about twice as long.— 1980. Peziza vesiculosa. Bull. ‘‘ Bladdery Peziza.”’ Large, entire, sessile, at first globose, somewhat top-shaped, connivent ; then campanulate ; mouth subcrenate, pallid brown, externally furfuraceous; sporidia elliptic—fr. S.M. i. p. 52. Bull. t.457, f. 1. Mich. t.36, f.2. Sow. t.4. Grev.t. 107. Bolt. t.175 2 Eng. Fl.v. p.188. Pustularia vesiculosa. Eckl. Sym. Myc. p. 329. On dung-hills, hot-beds, &e. Common. [ Mid. Carolina. ] The hymenium is generally separable from the substance of the cup. Sporidia (‘0009 in.) °022 m.m. long. Sporidia ellipsoid, ‘017-022 x ‘009-014 m.m. (‘0006-0007 x *00035-"0004 in.— Vy.) Sporidia ellipsoid. °016-°022 x *009-°004 m.m.— Karst. Sporidia *011-°014 m.m., broad, and twice as long.—G.¢ KR. 1981. Peziza macrocalyx. Jiess. ‘‘ Violet Ground Peziza.” At first buried, then half exposed; cups subglobose, splitting in a stellate manner, externally dirty blue, subtomentose, inter- nally violet; stem short; asci cylindrical, truncate; sporidia elliptic, with one or two nuclei; paraphyses branched, jointed. —Fres. Beitr. p.75, t.9,f.7. Smith Seem. Journ. 1869, p. 345, t. 98. Fckl. exs. no. 2196. Sarcosphera macrocalyx. Eckl. Sym. Myc. p. 329. Under fir trees. March. **Tt ig found underground, in forests of fir trees, singly or from two to five together ; in its progressive development it rises about half out of the ground. At first it is closed, but later it splits, starlike, from the top downwards to the middle of its cups, or sometimes even further down stillinto from 7 to 10 more or less pointed strips. The exterior is of a dirty pale blue, clothed with a thin white transient fur, and at the base of the cup is a short stem, In large specimens the cup is three inches high and broad, deeply cup- shaped, with the rim at length bent outwards. The hymenium is at first pale, and later a darker violet. Sporidia ‘025 m.m, long.— Fresenius. ELVELLACEI. 671 1982. Peziza bufonia. Pers. “Warty Brown Peziza.” Large, bright brown, externally verrucose; stem short, root- ing, becoming pallid. Pers. M.E. p.225. Berk. Gard. Chron. Jan. 13,1866. B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1154, t. 3, f 12. On rubbish heaps. Grantham. A fine species, agreeing in size and colour with P. wmbrina, externally rough, with conical warts, opaque, and of a dingy earth-colour, somewhat resembling P. vesiculosa, but distinguished by the brown hymenium and verrucose cup. Sporidia (‘00075-"0008 in.) *018-"02 m.m, long.—B. & Br. 1983. Peziza micropus. Pers, ‘“Short-footed Peziza.” Middle-sized, oblique, dingy, pallid, externally squamulose, mealy; base stem-like; asci very long, cylindrical; sporidia oblong-ovate, with two nuclei—/'r. S.M. ii. t. 54. Pers. Ic. & Des. t. 8, f.5. Berk. Outl. t.22, f. 5. Pustularia micropus. Eckl. Sym. Myc. p. 328. . On beech stumps. Rare. [ Mid. Carolina. ] 1984. Pezizatrachycarpa. Curr. “ Rough-spored Peziza.” Orbicular, then plane, very often umbilicate ; dise blackish- brown, rough, tuberculate, externally minutely granulated; sporidia uniseriate, globose, muricate.—Curr. Linn. Trans. xxiv. t. 51, 7.3. B. & Br. Ann, N.H. (1865) no. 1061, t. xiv. 6.13. Rabh. exs. no. 620. On burnt soil. Ascot. Cups 3-1 in. broad, adpressed to the soil, sub-stipitate, or obconic ; spori- dia uniseriate, globose, muricate, brown, ‘012-016 m.m. (-0005--0007 in.) diameter. Though the sporidia are brown under the microscope, when thrown down on black paper they are of a whitish-grey. 1985. Peziza leiocarpa. Curr. ‘‘Smooth-spored Peziza.” Cup at first connivent, sub-globose, externally (principally towards the margin) rough, vinous-brown, thin, semi-pellucid, sometimes pallid near the base, at length expanded, almost plane; hymenium olive-brown; sporidia,globose, even.—Curr. Linn. Trans. xxiv.t. 51, f. 6. B.g& Br. Ann. N.H. (1865) no. 1062, t. xiv. f. 14. Rabh. ews. no. 622. On burnt soil. Ascot. Weybridge. Cup 1}-2} in. broad; hymenium at first pale, then dark olive-brown ; sporidia uni-or biseriate, globose, perfectly even, ‘0076-01 m.m. (°0003-'0004 in.) diameter. Resembling at first P, pustulata.—Batsch 672 ELVELLACEI. 1986. Peziza pustulata. Pers, ‘“Dingy Peziza.” Sessile, subglobose, pallid, somewhat dingy, externally whitish, mealy ; margin entire ; sporidia oblong-ovate; epispore granu- lose—Fr. S.M. ii. p.55. Hedw. Mus. f. r. t.6, f. A. Batsch. f. 157. Fckl. exs. no.1227. Plicaria pustulata, F'ckl. Sym. Mye. p. 327. On the ground. Rare. [ Mid. Carolina. ] 1987. Peziza radula. 2.5 Br. “Black warted Peziza.” Large, cup-shaped, sessile, at length depressed, externally black and rough with sub-equal warts, vinous-brown within ; sporidia globose, tuberculate.—B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. xvii. p. 77. Berk. Outl. p. 864. On the ground in woods. Rare. Near Bristol. Cup depressed, sessile, nearly an in. across, black externally, broken into nearly equal, distinct, sub-conical warts, like those of Genea verrucosa Hymenium of a dark vinous brown; asci large, obtuse; sporidia large, glo- bose, containing a single nucleus, rough with obtuse, distinct tubercles; paraphyses septate, with the ultimate articulation clavate-—B. & Br. 1988. Peziza viridaria. 2.5 Br, ‘Greenish Peziza.” Middte-sized; mycelium floccose, expanded, white; cups at first globose, then hemispherical, at length expanded, watery- grey, externally rough with brown furfuraceous particles ; asci linear ; sporidia widely elliptic.—B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 555. Berk. Outl. p. 364. “On damp walls and water butts. Rare. King’s Cliffe. Cups at first globose, then hemispherical, at length expanded, 4-4 in. broad, pale watery brown or cinereous, sessile, springing from a white cottony effused stratum.— B. & Br. ** Pruinose. 1989. Peziza carbonaria. A.J'S. “ Charcoal Peziza.” Globoso-campanulate, even, reddish-ochre, externally sub- pruinose; margin mealy or crenate.—/’r. S.M. ii. p. 64. B.g Br. Ann. N.H. (1865), no. 1068, t. 15, f. 15. Rabh. FE.no. 622. Gonn. § Rabh, ui. t. 4, f. 4. On burnt ground. Ascot. Gregarious, thin, fragile, 3-8 lines broad, almost smooth, sometimes sessile, sometimes elongated into a slender stem ; colour variable, more or less in- tense, when young almost vermillion internally ; asci cylindrical, narrow ; sporidia elliptic, smooth ; paraphyses narrowly clavate. ELVE“LLACEI. 673 Sporidia ellipsoid *013-"017 X ‘006-"009 m.m.— Wy. ae ellipsoid *013-"017 X 006-009 m.m. (° 0005-" 0006 X °00023-'00035 in. — Karst Sporidia *011 m.m. broad, and twice as long.-—G.¢R 1990. Peziza cupularis. JZ. ‘“ Scalloped Peziza.” Sub-sessile, thin, globoso-campanulate, fawn coloured, or pallid, externally farinose; margin crenate.—F’r. S.M. ii. p. 62. B. &. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 308. Vaill.t.11, 7.173. Fekl. exs. no. 1878. Bull.t.596, 7.3. Pers. Obs.ii.t. 4,f.6,7. Eng. Fl.v. p. 189. Gonn. § Rabh. iii. t.4,f.1. Pustularia cupularis, Fckl. Sym. Mye. p. 328. On the ground in gardens. [ Low. & Mid. Carolina. ] Sometimes yellowish. Stem + in. high, 3th in, thick, sometimes obsolete. Pileus pale buff, thin, transparent, scalloped at the edge, shaped like the eup of an acorn, about | in. in diameter.— Withering ete ellipsoid, *014-"02 X 01-012 m.m. ( (005- °0007 < :0003 in.)— arst. Sporidia °01-"012 m.m. broad; and about twice as long.—G. & R. i991. Peziza saniosa. Schrad. “ Brown-milky Peziza,”’ Sessile, concave, milky, purplish-brown, externally pulveru- lent, umber ; asci linear; sporidia oval, with two nucleii—Fr. S.M. ii. p.65. Schrad. Journ. 1799, p.64. Berk. Mag. Zool. & Bot. no. 87, t. 7, f. 2. On ground overrun with Teele sebacea. Autumn. King’s Cliffe. 1992. Peziza argillacea. Sow. “ Clay Peziza.” Sessile, yellowish, even, at first urceolate, at length cracked and torn, rooting at the base, and hairy—Fr. S.M. ii. p. 66. Sow. t. 148. Eng. Fl.v.p.190. On modelling clay. Pilens 2 in. broad, held to the clay by very fine, attenuated, cobweb-like fibres from the sides, as it were, to assist the little knobby root.—Sowerby. Observed only by Sowerby. 1993. Peziza cornubiensis. 2. § Br. ‘ Downy-base Peziza,”’ Middle sized, sessile, fixed by down ; margin alone free, some- what flattened, minutely villous externally ; hymenium orange ; asci sub-cylindrical; sporidia oblong, rather rough.—Berk. Outl. p.366. Ann. N.H. no. 767. Onmanured ground, Penzance. 2F 5 674 ELVELLACEI. Sessile, 3 in. broad, depressed, attached to the soil by villous down; mar- gin free, clothed with delicate, obtuse, articulate hairs; hymenium orange ; sporidia (‘0009-'0007 in.) ‘022-°0177 m.m. long.—B. & Br. Sect. 4. Humaria—small, somewhat fleshy, margin sub- flocculose. 1994. Peziza rutilans. fr. “Splendid Peziza.” Sub-sessile, middle-sized, campanulate, then expanded, ex- ternally finely pubescent, pallid; dise orange red; sporidia at length echinulate—/r. S.M.ii.p.68. Ray. Syn. p. 19, no. 14. Karst. exs.no.527. Karst. Mon. Pez.p.116. Fckl. exs. no. 1222. Eng. Fl.v.p.190. Peziza humosa, B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 768, t.3, f. 13, no. 1154. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p.191. Sow. t. 369, f. 2. Bolt.t.101,f.1. Purt.t.25. P.leucoloma, Sturm. t. 17. On the ground. [ Mid. Carolina. | Sporidia (‘0009--001 in.) °022-:025 m.m. long (:0004-0005 in.) -01-:0125 m. m. broad when perfectly developed, strongly echinulate with one or more nuclei. Cups nearly 3 in. broad, at first round, even, disciform, at length somewhat lobed and crisped, thick and fleshy, in vertical section obconie ; margin pale, but not involute ; disc of a full orange, externally paler, very minutely pulverulent. Sporidia rough with granules, ‘021-027 ‘013-016 m.m.—WVyl. Karst. 1995. Peziza melaloma. A.gj S. ‘“ Black-edged Peziza.”’ Sessile, crowded, concave, then nearly plane, dingy-orange, margin furnished with very delicate black hairs ; spores ellip- soid.— A. G §.t.2,f.5. Fr. S.M.ii.p.69. Eng. Fl.v. p. 190. Ann. N.H.no. 88. Karst. eas. no.550. Karst. Mon. Pez. p. 1238. Rabh. FE. no.723. Fekl. exs. no.1221. Pyronema melalomum. Eckl. Sym. Myce. p. 319. On charcoal. [ Up. Carolina. ] Paraphyses numerous, thickened at their apices. Sporidia ellipsoid, ‘014--018 X *008-'009 m.m.— yl. Sporidia ellipsoid, ‘015-018 X *007-'009 m.m.—Karst. 1996. Peziza erecta. Sow. ‘Cylindrical Peziza.” Sessile, crowded, subcylindrical, smooth, yellowish, at length dilated, mouth erect, subciliate—I’r. S.M. ii. p. 69. Sow. t. 369, f.10,11. Eng. Fl. v. p. 194. On shaded ground. Cup 2 lines high, oblong and upright, but sometimes short and clumsy, often spreading, sometimes destitute of hairs, sometimes ciliated, sometimes farnished with both hairs and cilia, varying from deep red to greenish yellow and pale yellow.—Sowerby, ELVELLACEI. 675 1997. Peziza polytrichi. Schum. “Heath Peziza.” Subsessile, orbicular, somewhat concave, vermillion, externally paler, furnished with fasciculate flocci ; sporidia spheroid.—Frr. S.M. ii. p.70. B.& Br. Ann. N.H. no.1156*. Fl. Dan. t. 1916, f.1. Karst. Mon. Pez.p.121. Gonn. § Rabh. t. 4, f. 3. On heaths. Scotland. Paraphyses clavate above, and orange-brown, granulose. Sporidia spherical, at first finely granulated, ‘014-'016 m.m,—Wy/. Karst. 1998. Peziza aggregata. B.§ Br. ‘Crowded Peziza.” Gregarious, confluent, obconical, orange, whitish tomentose at the base; hymenium concave; sporidia fusiform.—B. ¢ Br. Ann, N.H. (1866), no. 1155. On heathy ground. Berwick. : The peculiar crowded habit aud fusiform sporidia (‘0008 in.) ‘02 mm. long by (‘0003 in.) “007 m.m. wide, easily distinguish this species. 1999. Peziza subhirsuta. Schum. “Hirsute Peziza.” Sessile, gregarious, nearly plane, orange-yellow, paler beneath, clothed with a few scattered, almost obsolete, hairs; asci linear; sporidia smooth, elliptic, enucleate; paraphyses slightly clavate. Fr. S.M.ii.p.70. B. &. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1156, t. 3, f. 14. Fl. Dan. t.1787,f.2. Karst. Mon. Pez. p. 123. Desm. exs. i. no. 462. Fckl. exs.no. 1220. Pyronema subhirsutum. Fckl. Sym. Myce. p. 320. On the ground. Batheaston. Sporidia (‘0006 in. long), ‘014-"02 m.m. long, ‘08-'01 m.m., broad. Sporidia ellipsoid *015-°02 X °008 ‘01 m.m.—.Nyl Sporidia ellipsoid, *014-'02 X ‘008-01 m.m.— Karst. 2000. Peziza leucoloma. Reb. ‘ White-edged Peziza.” Sessile, scattered, concave, then plane, red, margin minutely laciniate, white ; sporidia ellipsoid.—f’r. S.M. ii. p. 71. Hedw. t. 4,f.A. Nees. f. 268. Eng. Fl. v.p.191. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1156*, t.3, £16, no. 768. Karst. ers. no. 537. Karst. Mon. Pez. p.122. Fckl. ews, no.1219. Gonn. § Rabh.ii.t.4,f.7. Cooke exs.no. 229. Leucoloma Hedqwigit. F'ckl. Sym. Myc. p. 317. On the ground. Sporidia (*0006--0008 in.) *09-'013 m.m. long (*0004 in.) ‘08-°011 m.m. wide. — Karst. Sporidia spherical, °011-018 m.m. diameter.—G. &.R, 676 ELVELLACE1. 2001. Peziza humosa. /7. “Ground Peziza.” Sessile, fleshy, concave, then plane, smooth, blood-red, margin quite entire; sporidia variable in size; paraphyses highly de- veloped, clavate at the tips, often furcate, or bearing curious processes at their side—fr. S.M.ii. p.71. Eng. Fl.yv. p.191. FF. Dan. t. 656; 7.2. Bog Bro Ann. NOH, no. 1156") toyy ee Batsch. f.220? Bolt.t.101,f.1. Sow.t. 369,f.2. P. punicea. Purt,t.25. P.Polytricht. B. § Br. Ann. H.N. no. 768, t. 16, f. 14*. Crouania humosa. Fckl. Sym. Myc. p.520. On the ground. Sporidia (-0606-001 in. long, by *0003-"0005 in. wide), °015-"025 m.m. long, by ‘007-01 m.m. wide. 2002. Peziza Wrightii. Berk. § Curt. “ Wright’s Peziza.” Cups hemispherical, at length plane, carmine, externally fur- furaceous, granulated; sporidia globose or subglobose, when young even, adult echinulate; paraphyses slender, branched.— ‘Ann. N.H.1865, no. 1064, t. xv. f, 16. On trunks of trees, covered with Hypnum serpens. March. Bodelwyddan. [ Texas, U.S.] Sporidia (‘00045-°0006 in.) ‘01-"015 m.m. diameter, 2003. Peziza glumarum. JDesm. “Chaff Peziza.” Delicate, crowded, when young conico-globose, clad with white flocci, at length concave, somewhat flat, smooth, flexuous, orange-yellow, margin sublaciniate, whitish; asci cylindrical ; sporidia ovate-—Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. ii. vol. xv. p. 129. Desm. eas. no. 1054, ii. no. 454. B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. 10.768. On chaff in a farm-yard. Dec. Batheaston. Sporidia ‘016°023 X *009-"011 m.m.— WVy/. 2004. Peziza omphalodes. Bull. ‘Charcoal Peziza.” Sessile, crowded, cups minute, nearly plane, sub-umbilicate, clothed with fugacious white down; asci clavate; sporidia ellip- tic.—Fr. S.M. ii. p.75. Bull. t. 485, f. 1. Gonn. & Rabh. iii. t. 3, f. 6. Fckl. exs. no. 1218. Cooke exs.no. 326. Rabh. FE. no, 268, 708. Pers. Obs.ii.t.5,f.6,7. Karst. exs.no.256. Karst. Mon. Pez.p.120. Desm.exs.i. no. 428. Thelephoracarbonaria. Eng. Fl. v. p. 169. Pyronema marianum. Carus. Berk. Mag. Zool. & Bot. no. 9. Nov. Act. Curz. xvii. t. 27. Pyronema omphalodes. Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 39. Pyronema confluens. Tul. Carp. iii.p. 197, —— le ee ELVELLACEI, 677 On burnt soil. [ Mid. & Up. Carolina. ] = higkly developed; paraphyses containing globose, orange-coloured granules. Sporidia ellipsoid, °011-°015 X °007-'008m.m.—arst. Sporidia ellipsoid, 011-013 X *007-.0085 m.m.—G@. & R. 2005. Peziza granulata. ull. “Granulated Dung Peziza.” Sessile, minute, nearly plane, orange-red, externally granu- lated with papille ; asci clavate, obtuse; sporidia broadly ellip- tic; paraphyses orange-red ; apices clavate-—Fr. S.M. ii. p.67. Ray. Syn. t. 24, f. 2. Vaill. t.15, f. 14. Fl. Dan. t. 655, f. 2. Buil. t. 488, f. 3. Eng. Fl. v. p. 190. Desm, exs. no. 270. Asco- bolus granulatus. Fekl. Sym. Myc. p. 287. On cow dung. Common. [ Mid. Carolina. | Gregarious, at first globose, at length flat; orifice crenate, varying some- what in colour, but generally of a clear orange-red, externally granulated from the projection of the cellular tissue, furfuraceous.—Eng. Fl. Sporidia ellipsoid, °014-"018 X ‘007-009 m.m.— yl. Sporidia ellipsoid, 014-018 X -007--009 m.m. ('0005-°0006 X -00027-"00035 in.)—Karst. 2006. Peziza brunneo-atra. Desm. “Brown Black - Peziza,” Sessile, solitary, nearly plane, entire, fleshy, fragile, smooth, brown-black; asci cylindrical; sporidia ovate, subhyaline, mi- nutely echinulate—Ann. Sc. Nat. (1836). vi. p. 244. Desm. eas. no. 826, ii. no. 26. B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1157, ¢. 4, f 18. On the ground. Leigh wood. Sporidia (-0007-°0009 in.) 017-022 m.m. long. Many modern authors include this with Peziza badia. 2007. Peziza salmonicolor. £.¢ Br. ‘ Salmon-colour Peziza.”’ Small, gregarious; cups sub-hemispherical, salmon-colour ; asci oblong; sporidia biseriate, elliptic, enucleate-—B. § Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no.1158, t. 4,7. 19. On the side of a ditch. Oct. Woodnewton, Sporidia (0008 in.), *02 m.m. long, sometimes (:0005 in.) ‘0127 m.m. broad ; nearly allied to P. hemastigma. 2008. Peziza hemastigma. J. ‘“Blood-red Peziza.” Sessile, convex, immarginate, smooth, pale blood-red; spori- dia oblong, or nearly globose.—F’r. S.M. i. p. 74. Hedw. t. 5, f. B. 678 ELVELLACEI, B. § Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1159, t. 4, f.20. Sturm. xxxili. t. 1) bs On cottage walls. Sept. N. Wales. Asci short, oblong, subclavate; sporidia biseriate (70096 by ‘0009 in.), 015 by °022 m.m. or nearly globose.—B. & Br. Sect. 5. EHncelia—more or less coriaceous. 2009. Peziza fascicularis. A.d&S. “Crisped Peziza.” Cespitose, sessile, membranaceous or coriaceous, irregular, rugose, blackish, externally rather mealy; sporidia cylindrical, oblong.—Fr. S.M, ii.p.75. Fekl. ews. no. 1128. Berk. exs. no. 154. A.g S.t.12,f.2. Eng. Fl.v. p. 191. Rabh. FE. no, (2k Karst. exs. no. 69. Karst. Mon. Pez. p. 129. Dermatea fascicularis, Fekl. Sym. Myc. p. 278. P. crispa, Sow. t. 425. f.1, 2. Purt.t. 7. On branches, bursting through the bark. Cup 2-4 lines broad, generally in tufts resembling in form the convolutions of the human brain, but sometimes scattered and solitary, growing upon the bark, not upon the wood, beneath the epidermis.—Lng. Fl. Sporidia oblong, curved, 011-7016 X :0035 m.m.— Wy. Sporidia cylindrico-oblong, *011-°016 X :003 m.m.— Karst. 2010. Peziza furfuracea. Fr. “ Branny Peziza.” Sessile, between fleshy and coriaceous, externally pallid, mealy ; margin inyolute, entire; disc cinnamon-blackish—/’r. S.J. ii. p.16. Eng. Fl.v.p.192. Roth.i.t. 9,73. Karst. exs, no. 326. Karst. Mon. Pez.p.129. Fckl. exs.no. 1842. Rav. exs. vi. no. 86. Dermatea furfuracea, Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 278. On alder branches. Varying greatly in size from 1} lines to } an in. broad. Sporidia subcylindrical, curved, ‘006-01 ‘002 m.m. ('00023-"0003 X ‘00007 in.) with 2-5 nucleoli.— Karst. 2011. Peziza fraxinicola. B.d Br. “ Ash-twig Peziza.” Scattered or clustered; cups externally pale-fawn colour, fur- furaceous, internally brown; hymenium slightly depressed ; sporidia uniseriate, elliptic—B. § Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1160, ¢.4,f 21. On ash twigs. Northamptonshire. Cups at first closed, then opening with an irregular aperture, at length orbicular, slightly Senne pale fawn colour, and furfuraceous externally, umber-brown within; asci elongated, clavate; sporidia uniseriate, elliptic (00045 in.) ‘012 m.m. long.—B, & Br. ELVELLACEI. 679 Series 2. Lachnea, Fr. Veil distinct, decidedly villous, or pilose, persistent; cup, in consequence, bristly or hairy, always closed when young; sub- stance waxy, firm, rarely fleshy.— Berk. Outl. p. 367. Fleshy, or between fleshy and waxy » « « Sarcoscyphe. Waxy, dry, externally villous . . . . Dasyscyphe. Nestling on a dense mycelium tN ae ehapesurs Externally fibroso-striate, with adpressed hairs . Fibrina. Sect. 1. Sarcoscyphe—fleshy, or between fleshy & waxy. 2012. Peziza coccinea. Jacg. ‘ Carmine Peziza.” Cup infundibuliform, externally, as well as the stem, whitish, tomentose, with short, adpressed down; disc carmine; sporidia oblong.—Fr. S.M. ii.p.79. Jacq. Autr. t.169. Eng. Fl.v.p.192. Bolt. t. 104. Fekl. exs. no: 1213. Buab. iv.t.29,f.4. Nees. f. 288. Batt.t.3,f.N.O. Ray. Syn.ii.p. 19.no.15. Grev. t. 161. P. epidendra, Bull. t. 469. Sow. t=.13. P.poculiformis, Hojfm. Or.t.7, f.5. Gonn. & Rabh. ii.t.4,f.5. Plectania coccinea, Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 324. On sticks. Spring. Local. [Up. Carolina. ] Cup 1 in. or more broad, deep carmine within ; stem 3-1 in. high. Sporidia ellipsoid-oblong, *028-°038 X °011-°014 m.m.—Wyl. Karst. Sporidia °012--014 m.m. broad, and about twice as long.—G. § R. 2013. Peziza melastoma. Sow. “ Black and red Peziza.”’ Cup fleshy; disc urceolate, black, externally brick-red floc- culose; stem short, rooting by means of thick black, strigose down.—/’r. S.M. ii. p. 80. Sow.t.149. Eng.Fl.v.p.192. Fekl. exs, no. 1214,1215. A. g¢ S.t.1, f 4. P. atro rufa. Grev. t. 315. Plectania melastoma, F'ckl. Sym. Myc. p. 824. On sticks lying on the ground. Rare. This species varies greatly as to degree of pubescence, being sometimes almost naked, sometimes beset with down, or even bristly hairs; the base, however, is always furnished with long, black, rooting, strigose filaments.— Eng. Fl. tied Kec very long, stipitate ; sporidia oblong, hyaline.—/ ci. 2014. Peziza pygmea. Jr. “ Furze Peziza.” Cup concave, at length plane, orange externally, as well as the somewhat thickened stem, tomentose, pallid; sporidiasmall, fusiform, without nuclei—fr. S.M. ii. p. 79. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. (1865), no. 1066, t. 15, f. 18, no. 1160%*, t. 4, f 22. 680 ELVELLACEI, On dead twigs of Ulex, buried in the sandy soil. Novy. Ascot. Cup 8-6 lines broad. The stem varies in length according to the depth at which the twig is buried. Sporidia uniseriate, linear-oblong (-0005-"0006 in.) Tong; about + in. high when full grown, stipitate, the stem branching out or dividing into several heads, which form cups. The cups are often pro- liferous, producing smaller cups on their surface, of a bright apricot colour, but whitish towards the margin.—B, & Br. 2015. Peziza radiculata. Sow. “ Rooting Peziza,” Subcexspitose, fleshy, sessile, hemispherical, then expanded ; disc sulphureous externally, as well as the thick root, white, villous.—Fr. S.M.ii.p. 81. Sow. t.114. Eng. Fl.v.p.192. B. g¢ Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1160*, t. 4, 7.23. Rabh. exs. no. 618. In fir wood. Jedburgh. Sporidia (‘0005 in.) ‘0127 m.m. long, rather broad, binucleate.—B. § Br. Somewhat reticulated externally, with irregular prominent veins, 1 in. or more broad.— Lng. Fl. 2016. Peziza hemispherica. Wigg. ‘“ Hemispherical Peziza.” Sessile, hemispherical, waxy, externally brownish, clothed with dense, fasciculate hairs; disc glaucous -white—Fr. S.M. i. p. 84. Fckl. exs.no.1211. Eng. Fl. v.p. 193. Mich. t. 86, f. 4. Bull. t. 204, 396, 7.2. Fl. Dan. t. 1558, f. 2,656,f.1. Hedw.ii. t.4,f.B. Scheff.t.151, t.319. Hoffm. Cr.ii.t. 7, f. 6. P. hispida, Sow.t. 147. P hirsuta Holms. 11.t.19. Humaria hemispherica, Fekl. Sym. Myc. p. 322. On the ground. [ Mid. & Up. Carolina. ] Cup 2 lines—1 in. broad, varying much in colour. Sporidia ellipsoid ‘023-026 X *011-°0138 m.m.—Wyl. Karst. 2017. Peziza lanuginosa. ull, “ Woolly Peziza.” Cup broad, thin, waxy, fragile, sessile, ferruginous beneath, woolly, of a greyish-white within, cup-shaped ; sporidia shortly and bluntly fusiform.—Bull. t. 396, f. 2. var. Sumneri. Cup at length radiato-fissured; margin when young narrow, naked.—B. § Br. Ann. N.H. (1866) no. 1161, t. 4, f. 25. Under cedars and larch. Jan.—May. A large and magnificent species, acquiring frequently a diameter of 2 in, and combining in some measure the characters of P. sepulta and P. hemis- pherica, from both of which it differs in the subfusiform fruit. In plants which are just open a delicate veil is often found stretched over the orifice. ELVELLACEI. 681 At first entirely buried, then forcing its way through the soil, and splitting into several lobes, like a Geaster, which it much resembles from its thick substance. The outer coat is densely clothed with flexuous hairs, the spori- dia are shortly and bluntly fusiform.—B. & Br. : 2018. Peziza geaster. B.S Br. “Starry Peziza.” Brown; cup sub-globose, floccose, at length fissured in a radiate manner; asci linear; sporidia elliptic; paraphyses clavate. —B.¢ Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 956 and 1162, t. 4,f. 26 (not Gonn. § Rabh. iii. t. 3, f. 5.) On the ground. Oct. Wentworth. About an in. across; hairs flexuous, branched, articulated, often giving out little curved, hyaline processes, with a few straight bristles intermixed. Hymenium brown; paraphyses clavate; sporidia elliptic, with the ends very slightly attenuated (‘0009 in.) 022 m.m. long.—B. & Br. At first referred in error to Geopyzis.—Ann. N.H. no. 956. 2019. Pezizasepulta. fr. “ Broken Peziza.” Hypogeous, globose, clothed with dense woolly fibres ; hy- menium at length exposed by the rupture of the upper portion ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia elliptic, with one, two, or sometimes several nuclei— Fr. M.SS. Ann. N.H.no. 766. Berk. Outl. p.365. On the ground. Nov. East Bergholt. One or two in. across, the upper portion often breaking off irregularly, and so exposing the disc.—This is a far coarser species than P. Geaster. Sporidia (0009 in. by °0004 in.) ‘022 X “01 m.m.—B. § Br. 2020. Peziza brunnea. A. § S. “Brown Peziza.” Sessile, hemispherical, then depressed, sub-flexuose, brown, externally hairy, with short fasciculate hairs.—J’r. SOM. tis py. 85. A. & S.t.9,f.8. Eng. Fl.v.p.193. Sturm. ii. t. 28? Fekl. exs.1217. P.hybrida. Sow.t.369, f.1. Humaria brunnea. Fekl. Sym. Myc. p. 323. On the ground. [ Mid. Carolina. ] Cups 1-3 lines broad, often flexuous by reason of the dense mode of growth, when young subglobose, but soon more expanded and depressed, hairs less distinct, scarcely ciliating.—Fries. Sporidia spherical, 013-017 m.m.— yl. Karst. 2021. Peziza hirta. Sch. ‘“ Hairy brown Peziza.” Sessile subhemispherical, externally brown, hairy, margin somewhat inflexed, internally scarlet ; sporidia elliptic, smooth. —Fr. S.M.ii. p. 84. Mich. t. 96,f.14. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 557,768. P.umbrosa. Rabh, exs. no. 1011. 682 ELVELLACEI, On the ground. Sporidia (‘0009 in.) ‘022 m.m. long, by (‘0005 in.) ‘0127 m.m. wide. Other specimens ‘0006 by ‘0003 in. Differing from P. trechispora in its smooth ellip- tic sporidia. 2022. Peziza trechispora. 2B.§ Br. “Rough-spored Peziza.” Depressed, nearly plane, orange-red, externally clothed with pallid, tawny bristles; sporidia globose, echinulate—B. ¢ Br. Ann. N.H. xvii. p.77. Cooke exs. no. 288. On naked ground in woods, or wet banks of rivulets. King’s Cliffe. Bristol, &c. Cup % in. or more broad, depressed or slightly concave, orange, paler ex- ternally, and clothed with rather rigid tawny bristles; asci elongated ; spo- ridia globose (‘0008 in.) ‘02m.m. diameter, sharply tuberculate. Paraphyses very slender, linear. Resembles P. scutellata, though distinguished at once by its very different sporidia.—M. J. B. 2023. Peziza vitellina. Pers, “ Hgg yellow Peziza.” Subceespitose, large, flexuose, bright yellow, margin setose.— Fr. S.M.ii.p. 84. Pers. M.E. p.257. ng. Fl. v. p.193. B. & Br, Ann. N.H., (1866), no. 11638*, t. 4, f. 29. On the ground. Autumn. Appin, Wareham. Sporidia (0009 in.) 022 m.m. long, by (‘0005 in.) °0127 m.m. 2024. Peziza umbrata. Jr. “Shady Peziza.” Depressed, nearly plane, flesh-coloured or vermillion, clothed externally with short bay bristles; sporidia subglobose, mi- nutely echinulate.—/Fr. S.V.S.p.351. P.umbrosa. Fr. SM. ii. p.85. Mich. t.86,f:19. B.¢ Br. Ann, N.H. (1866), no. 1168, t. 4,f.28. Rabh. F.E.no.217. Humaria umbrorum. Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 322. On the ground. Berwick. Sporidia (‘0008 in.) ‘(02 m.m, long ('0007 in.) ‘0177 m.m. wide. Paraphyses clavate. : Sporidia ellipsoid, ‘014-"018 X *01-'012 m.m.—