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HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


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* OF 
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A arias of the Genera and Species 
of the Natural Orders 
“9 » 
_ EQUISETACEH | SELAGINELLACEE 
LYGOPODIACEA | RHIZOCARPEE 
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Mam ore Peer rash 
iG BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S., (1824-15 
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- LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK STREET, 
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1887. 


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CONTENTS. 


‘(Oo THE ORDERS AND GENERA 


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_ PREFACE. 


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THE present Handbook is planned upon the same lines 
as Hooker & Baker’s ‘ Synopsis Filicum,’ and the two, 
taken in connection, cover the whole series of the Vascular 
Cryptogamia. Since the second edition of ‘ Synopsis 
Filicum ’ was published, upwards of 700 new species of 
ferns have been described. No doubt many of these, if 
carefully compared with types previously described, would 
have to rank as varieties or synonyms. I have just 
furnished a copy of my list of them to Dr. Lorenzo Yates, 
of Santa Barbara, California, who wishes to publish a 
catalogue of ferns, brought up to the present date. 


I have not attempted to deal in any way with the fossil 
pes of the orders here included, a study of which, 
however, is quite needful to understand their relations to 
one another and other plants. These have recently been 
fully dealt with by Professor Williamson, in a series of 
papers in the ‘Philosophical Transactions of the Royal 
Society,’ beginning with the year 1871; and the student 
will find an excellent brief general summary of what is 
known about them in the translation, just issued from the 
Clarendon Press at Oxford, of Goebel’s amplication of the 
systematic portion of Sach’s ‘ Textbook.’ 


J. G. BAKER. 


Kew Hersarium, 
_May, 1887. 


or gg es et 


—— 


HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


a 


Order 2.— EQUISETACE A. 


orangia all alike, oblong, dehiscing down the inner face, 
placed 6-9 in a single row round the under side of the margin of 
stalked peltate receptacles, which are arranged in cones at the end 
of the stems. Spores very numerous, free, smooth, globose, fur- 
nished with four hygroscopic filaments, clubbed at the end, which 
curl round them spirally, falling to the ground and developing 
usually dioicous lobed prothallia. Antheridia placed at the tip of 
the lobes, archegonia on the fleshy upper surface near the base of 
the prothallia. Rhizome wide-creeping, hypogeeous, articulated and 
sheathed at the nodes, often branched and producing tubercles. 
ioe pil cylindrical, with a distinct central hollow, which is 
closed over at the nodes, distinctly ribbed, with air-cells in their 
walls beneath the ribs, the cuticle abounding in silica, distinctly 
jointed at each node, and furnished with a sheath, which has as 
many teeth as the stem has ribs, usually homomorphic, more 
rarely more or less decidedly dimorphic (barren and fertile different), 
often furnished with branches arranged in regular whorls, origi- 
nating from the base of the sheaths. Proper leaves entirely absent. 
Vernation not circinate. Spikes obtuse or pointed. 


Kauisetum Linn. (The only genus.)* 
Cuavis. 


Subgenus Equiserum proper. Spikes obtuse. Stomata with their 
aperture on the level of the epidermis. 


Barren and fertile stems very different, the latter vernal, 

fugacious : ‘ . Sp. 1-2. 
n and fertile stems different, the latter subpersis- 

t and developing small branches in whorls : . Sp. 3- 

5- 


4, 
Barren and fertile stems alike . : : : . Sp. 5-9. 


* For further information see Milde’s elaborate Monograph in vol. xxxii. 
part 2 (1867) of Nova Acta of the Imperial Leopoldino-Caroline Academy 
Natur Curiosorum, which contains figures, with full dissections, of all the 
known species, and an abstract of it in Milde’s ‘ Filices Europex,’ pp. 209—249; 
also Duval-Jouve’s Hist. Nat. des Equisetums de France (4to, Paris, 1864, 296 
pa 10 plates), and for the fossil-types a paper by Carruthers in Seemann’s 
‘Jo 1 of Botany,’ vol. v. (1867), p. 349, tab. 70; Newman’s ‘ History of 
British Ferns,’ Hooker’s ‘British Ferns,’ and the 3rd edition of ‘English 
Botany,’ contain figures of all the British species, 

B 


2 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Subgenus Hiprocu#{te. Spikes apiculate. Stomata with their 
aperture immersed beneath the epidermis. 

Branches many, regularly whorled . : . Sp. 10-11. 

Branches few irregular... : : . Sp. 12-14. 

Branches none . ; : - 7 . . Sp. 15-20. 


Subgenus EquiseTUM PROPER. 


1. E. arvense Linn. Sp. edit. ii. 1516; Milde, Mon. t. 1-3; 
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 60; Engl. Bot. edit. iii. t. 1809. — Barren 
and fertile stems entirely different. Barren stem estival, 3-4 in. 
diam., 1-2 ft. long, with 6-15 ribs and a small central hollow, 
usually caudate; sheaths loose, } in. long, their ribs distinctly 
grooved; teeth lanceolate, black, with a white membranous edge; 
branches regular, densely whorled, solid, tetragonous, usually 
simple. Fertile stem vernal, fugacious; sheaths distant, an inch 
long, brown, membranous ; spike peduncled, obtuse, 1-13 in. long. 


Hab. North temperate and arctic zones of both hemispheres. EZ. cam- 
pestre C. F. Schultz is a form with a compound estival stem, ending in a spike. 


2. EK. maximum Lam. Fl. France. i. 7; Engl. Bot. edit. iii. 
t. 1888. FH. Telmateia Ehrh.; Milde, Mon. t. 4-6; Hook. Brit. 
Ferns, t. 58. I’. fluviatile Smith, non Linn. F. eburneum Roth.— 
Barren and fertile stems entirely different. Barren stem estival, 
1-1 in. diam., sometimes 6-8 ft. long, with 20-40 ribs and a large 
central hollow; sheaths adpressed, } in. long; teeth brown, lanceo- 
late acuminate; branches regular, simple, solid, densely whorled. 
Fertile stem vernal, fugacious, 1-14 ft. long; sheaths very loose, 
above an inch long; spike peduncled, obtuse, 2-8 in. long. 


Hab. North temperate zone of both hemispheres. LE. eburneum Schreb. 
(E. rivulare Scheele) is a form with a compound eestival stem, ending in a spike. 


3. E. stzvaticum Linn. §p. edit. 1. 1516; Milde, Mon. t. 9-10; 
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 61; Eng. Bot. edit. iii. t. 1801.—Barren and 
fertile stems different. Barren stem slender, 1-2 ft. long, with 
12-18 prominent scabrous ribs and a moderately large central 
hollow, not caudate; sheaths about } in. long, rather loose; teeth 
brown, membranous, lanceolate; branches regular, densely whorled, 
very slender, copiously compound, 2-6 in. long. Fertile stem 
4-1 ft. long, sending out whorls of short simple or compound 
branches from the upper nodes; sheaths very loose, 4-3 in. long ; 
spike obtuse, 3-1 in. long, distinctly peduncled. 

Hab. North temperate and arctic zones of both hemispheres. 


4, Ki. pratense Ehrh. in Hanoy. Mag. 1784, 188; Milde, Mon. 
t. 7,8; Eng. Bot. i. t. 1890. . wmbrosum Meyer; Hook. Brit. 
Ferns, t. 59. EH. Drwmnmonditi Hook. — Barren and fertile stems 
different. Barren stem 1-14 ft. long, 3-4 in. diam., with 12-20 
distinct ribs and a small central hollow, not caudate; sheaths 
loose, + in. long; teeth lanceolate, with a brown midrib and pale 
edge; branches copious, regular, densely whorled, simple; lower 
usually spreading or decurved. Fertile stem 4 ft. long, simple or 
sending out a few whorls of short branches; sheaths loose, } in. 


EQUISETACE. 3 


long; teeth much larger; spike oblong, obtuse, peduncled, 1 in. 
long. 


Hab. North temperate and arctic zones of both hemispheres. 


5. HK. patustre Linn. Sp. edit. 1. 1516; Milde, Mon. t. 18-14; 
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 63; Eng. Bot. edit. iii. t. 1892. LZ. tuberosum 
DC. — Barren and fertile stems alike, 1-2 ft. long, with a small 
central hollow and 6-12 square grooved ribs; sheaths loose, }-} in. 
long; teeth lanceolate, dark brown, with a pale edge; branches 
copious and regularly whorled in the typical form, ascending, 4-6- 
angled, hollow; spike dense, oblong, obtuse, 3-3 in. long, distinctly 
pedunceled. 

Hab. North temperate and arctic zones of both hemispheres; rare in 
South Europe. Var. polystachyum Vill., with the branches ending in spikes, 


occurs frequently ; and a similar form is found in several other species. Alpine 
forms are slender, simple, or sparsely irregularly branched. 


6. E. pirrusum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 19; Milde, Mon. t. 11. 
FE. scoparium, leve, and bicarinatum Wall.—Barren and fertile stems 
alike, 1-2 ft. long, with a small central hollow and 6-12 square 
grooved ribs; sheaths loose, }-} in. long; ribs very distinctly 
grooved; teeth linear or lanceolate, brown or green, distinctly 
keeled ; branches in the typical form copious and densely whorled, 
ascending, solid; spike oblong-cylindrical, obtuse, 1-2 in. long, 
shortly peduncled. 

Hab. Central and Eastern Himalayas; Kumaon to Manipur, 3000—7000 ft. 


Nearest E. palustre, from which it differs in its sheaths and spikes. It has 
similar polystachyum and alpine forms. 


7. EK. socotense H. B. K. Nov. Gon i. 42; Milde, Mon. t. 12. 
E. stipulaceum Vauch. I. flagelliferum Kunze. E'. chilense Presl. 
Ff. quitense Fée.—Barren and fertile stems alike, very slender, often 
decumbent, 4-14 ft. long, with a small central hollow and 4-9 
square ribs; sheaths loose, 1-4 in. long; ribs distinctly grooved ; 
teeth short, deltoid, brown, membranous; branches fewer than in 
palustre and debile, 4-5-angled, solid, often absent; spike oblong, 
obtuse, peduncled, 3-3 in. long. 

Hab. Along the Andes from Venezuela to Chili, ascending to 10,000 ft. on 
Pichincha. British Guiana, Appun! Less compound than palustre, with 


different sheath-ribs, and much shorter membranous teeth. The locality of 
Jamaica, given by Milde, is a mistake. 


8. E. uirrorate Kulilw. in Ruprecht Beitr. iv. 91; Milde, Mon. 
t. 17-18. FE. inundatum Lasch. FE. Kochianwm Bockel. I’. arvensi- 
limosum Lasch. — Barren and fertile stems alike, 1-3 ft. long, 
caudate, with a large central hollow and 6-16 prominent ribs; 
sheaths loose, }-3 in. long; ribs distinctly grooved; teeth lanceo- 
late, black, rigid ; branches often copious, densely whorled, simple, 
ascending; spike dense, oblong, obtuse, subsessile or shortly 
peduncled, 4-1 in. long; spores generally without elaters. 

Hab. Russia, Scandinavia, Austria, Germany, France, and discovered 
recently in Surrey by Mr. W.H.Beeby. The locality of Canada, given by Milde, 


needs confirmation. Intermediate in general habit between palustre and the 
Jluviatile form of limosum. 


4 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES, 


9. E. timosum Linn. Sp. edit. ii. 1517; Milde, Mon. t. 15-16; 
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 82; Eng. Bot. edit. ii. t. 1898. H. Heleo- 
charis Khrh. — Barren and fertile stems alike, erect, 2-3 ft. long, 
4-1 in. diam., with a large central hollow and 10-30 narrow smooth 
ribs with broad vallecule ; sheaths rather loose, }-} in. long, with 
distinct triquetrous ribs and rigid lanceolate black teeth ; branches 
absent in the typical form; spike dense, oblong, obtuse, }-% in. 
long, nearly sessile. ; 

Var. EH. fluviatile Linn., non Smith. — Many upper nodes fur- 
nished with dense whorls of short ascending simple hollow branches. 

Hab. Ponds and lakes of the north temperate and arctic zones of both 
hemispheres. 


Subgenus Hiprocuare Milde. 


10. E. aiganreum Linn. Sp. edit. 1.1517; Milde, Mon. t. 31; 
Gard. Chron. 1888, vol. ii. t. 86. /. ramosissimum H. B. K., non 
Desf. HE. caracasanum DC. FE. Humboldtii Poir. EH. Martiit Milde, 
Mon. t. 20. . pyramidale Goldm.; Milde, Mon. t.22. FE. myrio- 
chatum C. & S.; Milde, Mon. t. 27. ££. mexicanum Milde, Mon. 
t. 28. JI’. Schaffnert Milde, Mon. t. 28. EH. scandens Remy.— 
Barren and fertile stems alike, erect or subscandent, usually 6-8 ft. 
long, but reaching 20-40 ft., 3-1 in. diam. low down, with 20-50 
narrow square scabrous ribs with a ridge down the keel and 
distinct spaces between them; sheaths tight, }-3 in. long; ribs 
square, scabrous, with hardly any vallecule between them; teeth 
linear, $-+ in. long, black or brown, with or without a pale margin, 
rigid, deciduous; branches copious, elongated, densely whorled, 
with 6-8 scabrous ribs; spikes dense, oblong, apiculate, black, 
subsessile. 

Hab. Marshes of Tropical America from Mexico and Cuba southward to 
Buenos Ayres and Chili, ascending to 5000 ft. in New Granada. Here I fail to 
draw any distinct line between several of Milde’s species. Both in this and the 
next the branches often end in small spikes. 

11. K. xynocpu#tum Metten. Fil. Lechl. 1. 84; Milde, Mon. 
t. 19. Jv. giganteum Hook. 2 Cent. Ferns, t. 74. H. Lechleri Milde. 
—Barren and fertile stems alike, erect, reaching a height of 10 ft., 
4-1 in. diam., with a large central hollow and 30-40 smooth square 
ribs, so crowded as not to leave any distinct vallecule; sheaths 
tight, 3-14 in. long; ribs square, with very narrow vallecule ; 
teeth linear, rigid, black, deciduous, 4-4 in. long; branches copious, 
densely whorled, usually simple, with 6-8 triquetrous scabrous 
ribs; spike dense, black, oblong, subsessile, apiculate. 

Hab. Peru, near Arica, Lechler 1556! Lima, Gaudichaud. Chili, Besser, 
Closely allied to EL. giganteum. ; 


12. I. rnamosissimuum Desf. Fl. Atlan. ii. 898; Milde, Mon. 
t. 24; I’. elonyatum H. B. KK. 2. campanulatum Poir. J’. pan- 
monicum Kit. H. incanum Vauch. FEF. ramosum Schleich. J. 
ephedroides and pallidum Bory. — Barren and fertile stems alike, 
1-4 ft. long, with a large central hollow, simple or irregularly 
branched, varying from 4 lin. diam. with 4-6 ribs to 4—-} in. diam. 
with 20-25 ribs; ribs prominent, narrow, very scabrous; sheaths 


EQUISETACER, 5 


rather loose, 1-2 in. long, their ribs margined with a distinct line 
on each side : ‘teeth = in. long, lanceolate acuminate from a 
deltoid base, castaneous, with pale edges, deciduous; spikes dense, 
oblong, apiculate, sessile, 1-1 in. long. 


Hab. Cosmopolitan in the warm temperate and tropical zones; rare in 
America. Very variable. The extremes are FE. pannonicum Kit., w ith slender 
- simple densely cespitose stems a foot or less long, with 4—6 ribs, and FL. altis- 
simum A. Br., with stout stems 3—4 ft. long, with 3—1 in. sheaths and dense 
whorls of branches, simulating the small forms of giganteum. 


18. EK. Srezotpr Milde in Ann. Mus. Lug. Bat. 1. p. 62; Mon. 
t. 25.—Barren and fertile stems alike, 1-14 ft. long, 1-12th to 
1-6th in. diam., with a large central hollow and 6-10 smooth 
prominent ribs; branches short, simple, 1-3-nate; sheaths rather 
loose, 4-4 in. long including the persistent linear-subulate brown 
teeth ; ribs of sheath grooved towards the apex and bordered on 
each side; spike unknown. 

Hab. Japan, Siebold. Doubtfully distinct from E. ramosissimum. 


_ 14. E. pesine Roxb. in Vauch. Monog. 387; Milde, Mon. t. 26, 
ff, Timortanum Vauch. Monog. t.10. Le. pallens Wall. FE. virgatum, 
laxum, and verticillatum Blume. — Barren and fertile stems alike, 
usually 1-4 ft., rarely 8-10 ft. long, 1-12th to 4in. diam., with 
a large central hollow, simple or irregularly branched; ribs 8-20, 
less peommnent and not so scabrous as in /7. ramosissimum; sheaths 
tight, +-3 in. long including the lanceolate acuminate brown mar- 
gined deciduous tooth, the ribs of which are distinctly grooved on 
the back upwards and distinctly margined on each side; spike 
oblong, cuspidate, dense, subsessile, 1-3 in. long. 


._ Hab. Tropical Asia from the hendavas and Ceylon eastward through the 
Malay Isles to Fiji. Doubtfully distinct from ZL. ramosissimum. 


15.-Ii. Hyemate Linn. Sp. edit. 11. 1517; Milde, Mon. t. 29; 
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 64; Eng. Bot. edit. ii. t. 1894. 2. asper- 
rimum Gilib. J’, zonatum Friv. — Barren and fertile stems alike, 
erect, persistent, branched at the base only, 2-3 ft. long, 4-4 in. 
diam.; central hollow Sk ribs 20-80, flat on the top, very 
scabrous ; ; sheaths tight, 4-1 in. long, pale green, with a distinct 
zone of black at the ‘top ane bottom :; teeth very deciduous, small, 
connate, brown, with a membranous cusp; spike very dense, oblong, 
apiculate, sessile, 1-3 in. long. 

Var. Schleichleri Milde. EH. paleaceum Schleich. ex parte. LF. 
Mooret Newm.; Eng. Bot. edit. iii. t. 1895.—Stems less persistent 
and more slender than in the type; ribs 8-20; sheaths not so 
tight and sometimes without the black basal ring. 


Hab. North temperate and arctic zones of both hemispheres. Var. 
Schleichleri, from Ireland through Central Europe to Asia Minor. 


16. EK. tavicarum A. Br. in Sillim. Journ. 1844, 87; Milde, 
Mon. t. 832.— Barren and fertile stems alike, erect, persistent, very 
rarely branched above the base, 1-4 ft. long, about + in. diam. ; 
ribs 20-80, smooth or nos | so; central hollow very large; sheaths 
not so tight as in hyemale, 1-4 in. long, and only a few of the lowest 
sometimes furnished with a black basal ring; teeth deciduous, 


s 
6 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


castaneous, lanceolate acuminate from a persistent deltoid brown- — 
black base ; spikes oblong, apiculate, very dense, {-}in. long. —_ 
Hab. Canada and United States. Very nearly allied to E. hyemale. _ 


17. E. rosustum A. Br. in Sillim. Journ. 1844, 88; Milde, 
Mon. t. 31. — Barren and fertile stems alike, 2-6 ft. long, 4-3 in. 
diam., erect, persistent, branched at the base only; ribs 20-50, 
- rounded, scabrous; central hollow very large; sheaths 4-4 in. long, 
pale green, with a distinct black basal band, square close ribs with 
a ridge on the back and very small connate ovate-lanceolate teeth, 
with a brown middle and pale edge, and persistent black base; 
spikes dense, oblong, apiculate, sessile, }-3 in. long. 

Hab. Canada, United States, Mexico, and, according to Milde, gathered 
also at Lahore by Jacquemont and Pondicherry by Belanger. Very near H. 
hyemale, and is probably the imperfectly-described E. prealtum Rafin. FI. 
Ludoy. 13 (1817). 

18. K. rracnyopon A. Br. in Bot. Zeit. 1838, 169; Milde, Mon. 
t. 88; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 65; Eng. Bot. edit. i. t. 1896. £. 
Mackaiti Newm.— Barren and fertile stems alike, branched at the 
base only, erect, persistent, 1-2 ft. long, 1-12th to 1-6th in. diam., 
with a moderately large central hollow; ribs 8-15, close, rounded. 
scabrous; sheaths tight, pale green, +-4 in. long, mostly with a 
black basal band and lanceolate acuminate brown teeth with a pale 
edge and persistent grooved black base, more persistent than in F. 
hyemale; lower sheaths entirely black; spikes small, dense, apicu- 
late, sessile. 


Hab. France, Germany, Ireland, and Scotland. Midway between JZ. 
hyemale and E. variegatum. P 


19. E. variecatum Schleich. Cat. Helv. 27; Milde, Mon. t. 34; 
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 66; Eng. Bot. edit. ii. t. 1897. . multi- 
forme Vauch. Monog. t. 12. #. reptans Wahl. ex parte. — Barren 
and fertile stems alike, branched at the base only, tufted, persistent, 
4-1 ft. long, 4-1 lin. diam.; central hollow small; ribs 6-12, 
ridged, scabrous, narrower than the vallecule; sheaths rather 
ventricose, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, black throughout or at the 
apex; teeth ovate cuspidate, brown-black, with a broad mem- 
branous edge; spikes small, sessile, cuspidate. 

Hab. North temperate and arctic zones of both hemispheres. Vars. 
arenarium and Wilsoni approach trachyodon by their more robust habit and 
square grooved ribs. 

20. I. sctrrporwrs Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii. 28; Vauch. Mon. 
tab. xi. fig. 8; Milde, Mon. t. 85. I. reptans Wahl. ex parte.— 
Barren and fertile stems alike, densely tufted, not branched above 
the base, 3-6 in. long, 3 lin. diam., without any perceptible central 
hollow; ribs 4-6, prominent, triquetrous, scabrous; sheaths black, 
ventricose, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long; teeth lanceolate acuminate, 
with a membranous border, deciduous from a persistent black base ; 
spikes very small, dense, sessile, apiculate. 

Hab. Northern and arctic regions of both hemispheres, ascending to 


9000 ft. on the Rocky Mountains. Closely allied to the small forms of LF. 
variegatum. 


% 


P LYCOPODIACEAE. 7 


} Order 8.—LYCOPODIACE A. 


Sporangia uniform, compressed or turbinate, 1-3-valved, 1-3- 
celled, placed singly in the axils of ordinary or modified leaves. 
Spores uniform, globose, granulated, without elaters, usually with 


three (rarely one) lines radiating from the apex, falling to the 


ground and giving rise to a fleshy prothallus. Moots fibrous. 
Rootstock, when present, trailing; in Phylloglosswn an annual tuber. 
Stems produced, except in Phylloglossum, erect or creeping, alter- 
nately dichotomously forked, with a central bundle of vascular 
tissue. Leaves small, simple, 1-nerved, entire or serrated, con- 
tinuous with the stem, usually uniform and multifarious, rarely 
dimorphic and distichous, as is usual in Selaginella. Sporangia 
placed sometimes in the axils of ordinary leaves all down the 
stem, sometimes aggregated in terminal spikes in the axils of 
modified leaves (bracts). Vernation circinate. 


1. Poytitoaiossum* Kunze. 


Sporangia reniform, 1-celled, 2-valved, crowded in a peduncled 
spike, each placed free and singly in the axil of an ovate cuspidate 
bract. Spores with three lines radiating from the apex. A single 
species. Very distinct from the three other genera in its vegetative 
organs. 


P. Drummonpu Kunze in Bot. Zeit. 1848, 721; Hook. Ic. 
t. 908; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 672. Lycopodium Sanquisorba 
Spring. — Acanlescent, with a few fleshy radical fibres and a pair 
of oblong tubers, tlie new one developed before the old one shrivels. 
Whole plant 1-14 in. long. Leaves 6-9 in a basal rosette, linear- 
subulate, ascending, about 4 in. long. Spike 4 in. long, consisting 
of about twenty multifarious sporangia, each subtended by a bract, 
the cusp of which overtops it. 


Hab. West Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and New Zealand. 


2. Lycopopium+ Linn. 


Sporangia coriaceous, reniform, compressed, 1-celled, dehiscing 
by a slit down the apex from end to end, placed free singly in the 
axils of unaltered leaves all down the stem or aggregated in 
terminal bracteated spikes. Spores with three lines radiating from 
the apex. Stems erect or prostrate, copiously branched. Leaves 
small, crowded, 1-nerved, usually uniform and multifarious, rarely 
dimorphous and distichous. 


* See a paper by Mettenius in ‘Botanische Zeitung,’ 1867, p. 97, and an 
elaborate recent account by Prof. Bower of its development and morphology in 
Be ‘Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,’ Part 2, 1885, p. 665, 
tabs. 71—73. 


+ For further information see Hooker and Greyille’s Enumeration in 
Hooker’s ‘Botanical Miscellany,’ vol. ii, p. 860, and Spring’s elaborate 
Monograph in vols. xy. (1842) and xxiv. (1849) of ‘Memoires de l’Academie 
royale de Belgique.’ 


8 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. : 
we 
CuavIs. ~ | 
Subgenus 1. Sznaco. Sporangia placed in the axils of unaltered 
leaves all down the stem. Leaves multifarious. aay 


Group of L. Selago. Stems comparatively short, erect or sub- 
erect. Usually terrestrial. 


Leaves ascending ; ‘ : . Spri-t 
Leaves spreading or squarrose . . Sp. 8-19. 


Group of L. taxifolium. Stems comparatively long, more or less 
decidedly pendulous. Usually epiphytic. 


Leaves densely disposed, short . . Sp. 20-25. 
Leaves densely disposed, longer. -. Sp. 26-85. 
Leaves laxly disposed : P . Sp. 86-39. 


Subgenus 2. Supsexaco. Leaves multifarious, a little different 
from the bracts, but passing into them gradually. Sporangia 
aggregated into indistinct terminal spikes . Sp. 40-49. 


Subgenus 8. Leprpotis. Leaves multifarious. Sporangia agere- 
gated into distinct terminal spikes, the bracts of which, except 
in the first group, differ decidedly from the proper leaves in 
shape and size. 


Group of L. tnundatum. Barren branches trailing, rooting to 
the tip fertile, simple, erect. Bracts scarcely different from 
the proper leaves. ‘Terrestrial, in swamps . Sp. 50-52. 


Group of L. Phlegmaria. Stems more or less decidedly pendulous, 
dichotomously forked from the base. Spikes slender, dicho- 
tomously forked, with bracts very different from the leaves. 
Kpiphytie. 

Leaves obtuse . ; ; : . Sp. 58-57. 
Leaves acute .- . : ( . Sp. 58-71. 


Group of L. cernuum. Trect, with tree-like habit and stems 
unbranched towards the base. Terrestrial . Sp. 72-75. 


Group of L. clavatum. Main stem wide-trailing, with ascending 
branches. Terrestrial. 


Leaves large, not decurrent ; , ee: 76-86. 
Leaves small, very decurrent . . * Spoor 


Group of L. laterale. Stems erect or spreading; spikes lateral. 
Terrestrial . Sp. 88-89. 


Subgenus 4. Dipnastum. Leaves distichous and dimorphous, as is 
usual in Selaginella. Sporangia collected into terminal spikes, 
with small bracts. 


Stems slightly compound . . .  Spese: 
Stems long, very compound A . Sp. 91-94. 


LYCOPODIACES. 9 


~ Subgenus I. Seago. 
° Group of L. Selago. 


1. L. compactum Hook. Ic. t. 244.—Stems erect or | sould, 
3-9 in. long, several times dichotomously forked ; branchlets long 
or short, erect, cylindrical, } in. diam., including the leaves. 
Leaves very dense, ovate, obtuse, ascending, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, 
very rigid, but not thick in texture, green or tinged with red, entire ; 
midrib distinctly raised from the nearly flat back. Sporangia in 
the axils of unaltered leaves all down the stem. 


Hab. High Andes of New Granada and Ecuador, 10,000—14,000 ft., 
Jameson! Hartweg, 1468! Spruce, 5611! 


2. L. crventum Spring, Mon. u. 34. — Densely tufted, little 
branched; barren stems short, trailing; fertile ascending, simple, 
34-1 in. long. Leaves crowded, linear, ascending, secund on the 
trailing stems, bright green or tinged with red, glossy, thick and 
firm in texture, 4 in. long, entire, concave on the face, rounded on 
the back. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves all down the 
ascending branches. 


Hab. New Granada, Purdie! Venezuela, in marshes of the Sierra Nevada, 
Moritz 8372! Connects the Selago and inundatum groups. 


8. L. Senaco Linn. Sp. Plant. edit. ii. 1565; Schk. Crypt. t. 
159; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 54.  Selayo vulgaris, Schur. — Stems 
erect, 3-9 in. long, several times dichotomously forked; branchlets 
erect, often short, } in. diam. including the leaves. Leaves crowded, 
ascending, lanceolate, 1-1 in. long, green, glossy, entire or denti- 
culate, moderately thick “and firm in texture, often with buds in 
their axils; midrib obscure. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered 
leaves all down the stem. 

Hab. Arctic and north temperate zones of both hemispheres; also New 
Zealand, Australia, Antarctic America, the Eastern Himalayas and mountains 
of Central Brazil. Plananthus patens P.B. (L. reversum Kit.) is a form with 
rather spreading leaves; L. suberectum Lowe, of Madeira and Azores is a 
luxuriant variety with suberect stems; L. Haleakala, Bracken Fil. Wilkes, tab. 
45, fig. 2, of the Sandwich Isles, is a form with more slender branches and 
shorter leaves ; ES erubescens Brack: Fil. Wikes, tab. 45, fig. 1, also from 
Sandwich Isles, i is a form with red-tinted leaves, not more than 4 4 in. long; var. 
saururoides Bory et Durville in Mem. Linn. Soc. Paris, 1826 pl. 4, of the 


Falkland Islands and Ascension Island, approximates to L. Saururus by its 
longer, thicker leaves. 


4, L. Jamesont Baker.—Stems erect, 3-4 in. long, several 
times dichotomously forked; branchlets short, erect, cylindrical. 
4-1 in. diam. including the leaves. Leaves dense, ascending, 
lanceolate, acute, 4 in. long, thick in texture, green, tinged with 
red, strongly ciliated, rather convex on the back; midrib indistinct. 
Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves all down the stem. 

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson! Midway between L. erythreum and 
Selago. 

5. L. rusrum Cham. in Linnea, vill. 889; Kunze Farren., t. 40-~ 
Stems suberect, 6-9 in. lone. once or twice dichotomously forked; 
branchlets long, erect. Leaves dense, multifarious, lincar, straight 


10 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


ascending, 4-4 in. long, rigid, glossy, thick, red-green, entire, 
concave on the face, rounded on the back; midrib hidden. Spo- 
rangia in the axils of the unaltered leaves of the branches. 


Hab. Mountain region of Central Brazil, Sello! Glaziou 15801! 


6. L. erytHrzum Spring, Mon. ii. 7.—Stems stiffly erect from 
a decumbent base, 4-1 ft. long, 2-3-times dichotomously forked ; 
branchlets long, erect, cylindrical, } in. diam. including the leaves. 
Leaves dense, adpressed, ascending, lanceolate, 4-4 in. long, thick 
in texture, rigid, red-green, entire, concave on the face, rounded 
on the back. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves all down 
the stem. 

Hab. High Andes of Ecuador, from 10,000 ft. to the snow-line, Jameson! 
Hartweg 1472! Spruce 5609! Pearce! Nearly allied to L. Sawrurus. 

7. L. Savrurus Lam. Encye. i. 653; Bory Voy, i. 344, tab. 16, 
fig. 1, L. elongatun Sw.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. t. 224° ZL. crassum 
H.B.K. ZL. avillare Roxb.—Stems stiffly erect from a decumbent 
base, varying from a few inches to a foot in length, less branched 
than in L. Selago, and the branchlets longer, 4 in. in diam. 
including the leaves. Leaves dense, linear, acuminate, ascending, 
4-4 in. long, green or rarely tinged with red, thick and rigid in 
texture, entire or slightly denticulate, rounded on the back ; midrib 
obscure. Sporangia hidden in the axils of unaltered leaves all 
down the stem. 


Hab. Temperate and alpine zones of the Andes, Argentine region, 
Cameroons, Cape, Mascaren Isles, St. Helena, Tristan d’Acunha, Juan 
Fernandez, Marion Island and Kerguelen’s Land. JL. azillare Roxb., of St. 
Helena, has the leaves sometimes sharply ciliated. 


8. L. rurescens Hook. Ic. t. 86; L. brevifolium Hook. et Grey. 
—Stems erect, stout, hidden, about 4 ft. long, 1-4-times dicho- 
tomously forked; branchlets erect, 4-4 in. diam. including the 
leaves. Leaves crowded, oblong, obtuse, green or red. + in. long, 
very thick and rigid in texture, entire; upper spreading; lower 
reflexed; midrib obscure. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered 
leaves all down the stem. 

Hab. Alpine region of the Andes, of New Granada, Ecuador and Peru. 
Most like L. compactum, from which it differs by its reflexed leaves. 

9. L. Hamittonn Spreng. Syst. v. 429. Li. obtustfolium Hamilt. 
non Sw. L. alvifolium Wall.; Hook. et Grey. Ic. t. 238. IL. ver- 
nicorum Hook. et Grev. Li. empetrifoliwm Dalzell—Stems densely 
tufted, suberect or pendulous, varying from a few inches to a foot 
in length, 2—4-times dichotomously forked, 3-1 in. diam. including 
the leaves. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, obtuse, }-3 in. long, 
not very dense, spreading, light green, glossy, thin but firm in 
texture; midrib distinct. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered 
leaves in the upper part of the stem. 

Var. petiolatun C. B. Clarke. J. tavifolium Spring, as regards 
Wallich’s Indian plant. Leaves narrower and thinner than in the 
type, subacute, distinctly narrowed at the base. 


Hab. Himalayas, ascending to 5000 ft. in Kumaon, Moulmein, Lofanschan, 
Neilgherries, Concan, Ceylon. JL. vernicosum H. & G. is a dwarf form, with 
much reflexed leaves. 


LYCOPODIACER. 11 


10. L. cryptomertinum Maxim, Mel, Biol. vii. 340. — Stems 
robust, suberect, reaching a foot in length, once or twice dicho- 
tomously forked. Leaves linear, thick, rigid, acuminate, but not 
pungent, }-1 in. long, spreading or recurved in the mature plant. 
Sporangia placed in the axils of unaltered or slightly shortened 
leaves. 


Hab. Mountains of Japan, Maximowicz ; Savatier 1524. Named from its 
resemblance in habit to a leafy branchlet of Cryptomeria japonica. 


11. L. rertexum Lam. Encye. i. 653; Kunze Farren, t. 90. 
L. bifidum H. B. KK. L. eversum Poir. L. reversum Presl. — Stems 
erect or pendulous, 3-2 ft. long, 1-8 times dichotomously forked, 
branchlets often long, 4-4 in. diam. including leaves. Leaves 
crowded, linear, spreading or squarrose, 4-4 in. long, thin but firm 
in texture, bright green, naked or minutely ciliated on the edge; 
midrib distinct. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves all 
down the stem. 

Var. densifolium Baker.—Stems erect. Leaves very dense, 
4-1 in. long, the lower spreading, not squarrose. 

Var. L. intermedium Spring, Mon.i.27. L. commutatum Spring. 
—Stems pendulous. Leaves laxer than in the type, very much 
reflexed. 

Hab. Mountains of Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico to South 
Peru and South Brazil. Central Madagascar, Hildebrandt 4152! Mountains 
of Sumatra, Beccari 413! Var. densifolium connects the type with L. rigidum, 
Hartweg 1480! Moritz 2266! Glaziou 15797! Var. intermedium is founded on 
a plant of Central Brazil, gathered by Sello. We have it also from Glaziou 
Vik Andes of Ecuador, Spruce 4793! and Demerara, Richd. Schomburgk 

12. L. mintatum Spring Mon. 1. 28. L. rigidum Blume non Gmel. 
—Stems suberect or pendulous, bright red, 9-12 in. long, simple 
or once or twice dichotomously forked, 4 in. diam. including leaves. 
Leaves linear, moderately dense, green, firm in texture, entire, 
+ in. long, with a distinct midrib, the upper spreading, the lower 
reflexed. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves all down the 
stems. 


Mountains of Java, 4000—10,000 ft. Junghun 272! Zollinger! Anderson! 
Beccari! Differs from lucidulum by its red stem and equal leaves. 


13. L. ceyzanicum Spring Mon. 1. 87.—Stems suberect, slender, 
4-1 ft. long, green, 1-8 times dichotomously forked 4-4 in. diam. 
including leaves. Leaves moderately dense, lanceolate, entire, 
equal, firm in texture, bright green, 1-4 in. long; midrib distinct ; 
upper spreading; lower reflexed. Sporangia in the axils of un- 
altered leaves all down the stem. 

Hab. Mountains of Ceylon, alt. 6000 ft., C. P. 1415! Intermediate between 
lucidulum and Selago.. 

14, L. tucmutum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. i. 284 (Dill. Muse. 
tab. 56, fig. 2). L. refleeum Sw.; Schk. Crypt. t. 159, non Lam. 
—Stems suberect, 4-1 ft. long, 1-3 times dichotomously forked, 
3-3 in. diam. including leaves. Leaves moderately crowded, 
lanceolate, bright green, firm in texture, glossy, entire, }-4 in. 
long, unequal; upper spreading; lower reflexed; midrib distinct. 


12 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Sporangia in irregular zones in the axils of shorter leaves inter- 
spersed with the longer ones all down the stem. 


Hab. Canada, Newfoundland and United States. Japan, C. Wright! 
Maries! China; province of Kiu-kiang, Maries! Himalayas of Sikkim, 
10,000—12,000 ft., Sir J. D. Hooker! Clarke! Levinge! Bourbon, Delisle 596! 
The Himalayan form, which has shorter, laxer leaves than the type, is figured 
by C. B. Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc., series 2, vol. i. p. 84, fig. 1. 


15. L. xtpHopHyttum Baker, in Journ. Linn. Soe. inedit.— 
Stem erect, 6-8 in. long, strongly angled, simple. Leaves laxly 
disposed, lanceolate, 4-3} in. long, acute, narrowed to the base, 
spreading or reflexed, bright green, moderately firm in texture, 
entire. Sporangia in the axils of the unaltered leaves of the 
upper half of the stem. 

Hab. Central Madagascar, Baron 4512! It differs from L. serratum 
mainly by its entire leaves. 

16. L. serratum Thunb. FI. Jap. 341, t. 88; Hook. et Grey. 
Ic. t. 87. L. javanicum Sw. L. sulcinervium Spring. L. sargas- 
sifolium Liebm.—Stems slender, suberect. 3-1 ft. long, once or 
twice dichotomously forked. Leaves laxly disposed, lanceolate, 
1-1 in. long, 1-2 lin. broad, acute, much narrowed to base, thin in 
texture, bright green, crisped and serrated on the margin, often 
very irregular in size on the same branch; midrib very distinct. 
Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves all down the stem. 


Hab. Japan, China, East Himalayas (ascending to 10,000 ft. in Manipur), 
Neilgherries, Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, Fiji, Samoa, Sandwich Isles, Mexico, and 
according to Swartz, also Bourbon. 

17. L. rrrmum Mett. Crypt. Nov. Gran. 391. JL. Sieberianum 
Spring, ex parte.— Stems suberect or pendulous, strongly angled, a 
foot long, 2-4 times dichotomously forked, 4-3? in. diam. including 
the leaves. Leaves crowded, linear, green, spreading, firm in 
texture, entire, 1-1 in. long; midrib distinct. Sporangia in the 
axils of unaltered leaves all down the stem. 


Hab. Andes of New Granada, Lindberg 1521! Kalbreyer! Peru, Matthews 
963! Central Brazil, Lindberg! Very near L. rigidum, with which it was 


united by Spring. 

18. L. nicgipum Gmel. Syst. Nat. vil. 1289 (Dill. Muse. tab. 57, 
fig. 4). ZL. squarrosum Lam. non Forst. L. Sieberianiun Spring ex 
parte.—Stems erect, 9-12 in. long, 2-8 times dichotomously 
forked; ultimate branchlets often long, 4 in. diam. ineluding 
leaves. Leaves very crowded, spreading, linear, 1-+ in. long, firm 
in texture, green, entire, channelled down the lower part of the 
face, 2-ribbed on the back. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered 
leaves all down the stem. 


Hab. Mountains of the West Indies (Martinique, Guadeloupe, St. Vincent, 
&e.). Very near to L. reflecum, from whieh it differs by its more robust habit 


and denser leaves. 

19. L. myrruosum Spring Mon. i. 9.—Stems erect, stout, 
green, strongly angled, varying a few inches to above a foot in 
length, 1-8 times dichotomously forked, {-1 in. diam. including 
leaves. Leaves crowded, lanceolate, bright green, 4-3} in. long. 
thick and firm in texture, entire, mucronate; midrib obscure; 


pays 


LYCOPODIACE. 13 


upper spreading, lower reflexed. Sporangia in the axils of un- 
altered leaves all down the stem. 
Hab. Andes of New Granada; Magdalena, Purdie! Bogs at Muna, alt. 
12,000 ft., Pearce! 
Group of L. taatfoliwm. 


20. L. rontrnaLoiEs Spring FI. Bras. 1. 112, tab. 5, fig.2. LZ. 
serpyllifolium Fée Fil. Bras. t. 73.—Stems very slender, pendulous, 
stramineous or tinged with red, 4-2 ft. or more long, several times - 
dichotomously forked, about 1-12th in. diam. including the ad- 
pressed leaves. Leaves ovate, tetrastichous, not imbricated, 1-16th 
to 1-12th in. long, firm in texture, entire green or margined with 
red; midrib raised. Svorangia in the axils of unaltered leaves of 
the branches and branchlets. 

Hab. Mountains of Brazil. Var. mexicanum Spring properly belongs to 
L. verticillatum. 

21. L. retraconum Hook. et Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 109. L. cathar- 
ticum Hook. in Ann. Nat. Hist. 428, t. 14.—Stems 3-1 ft. long. 
generally pendulous, several times dichotomously forked ; branch- 
lets with the leaves square, 1-12th to 1-8th in diam. Leaves 
tetrastichous, ovate, much imbricated, 4-4 in. long, green or 
reddish, glossy, thick and firm in texture, acutely keeled. Spo- 
rangia in the axils of the unaltcred leaves of the branches and 
branchlets. 

Hab. Alpine region of the Andes of Columbia, Ecuador and Bolivia, 
ascending to 12,000 ft. A violent purgative. 

22. L. Myrsinires Lam. Encye. ii. 654. DL, heteroclitum Desy. 
L. quadrifariatum Bory. DL. quadrangulare, Spring in FI. Bras. i. 
112, tab. 5, fig. 1.—Stems pendulous, 2-3 ft. long, several times 
dichotomously forked, with the leaves square, 1-12th to 1-8th in. 
diam. Leaves tetrastichous, ovate, much imbricated, green, $-4 in. 
long, thick and firm in texture, entire, triquetrous jon the back. 
Sporangia in the axils of the unaltered leaves of the branches. 

Hab. Mountains of Brazil. Gardner 19! 5960! Sello! Glaziow 7494! 
9068! Weir 388! Miers ! 

23. L. Sresotpr Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lug. Bat. ii. 184.— 
Stems pendulous, above a foot long, sparingly branched, cylindrical, 


at most 1 lin. diam. including the adpressed leaves. Leaves 


multifarious, rhomboid-lanceolate, 1-12th in. long, thick, green, 
glossy, adnate by a deltoid base, not imbricated, convex on the 
back, entire; midrib hidden. Sporangia in the axils of the 
unaltered leaves of the branchlets. 

Hab. Mountains of Japan, Siebold, Maries! Very distinct. 


24. L. Pecren Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 421.—Stems 
pendulous, above a foot long, 8-4 times dichotomously forked, 
cylindrical, 4 in. diam. including the adpressed leaves. Leaves 
dense, multifarious, ascending, linear, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, 
green, very conspicuously pectinately ciliated with squarrose 
processes much longer than the breadth of the blade. Sporangia 
in the axils of the unaltered leaves of the branches and branchlets. 

Hab. Central Madagascar, Pool! Miss Gilpin! Very distinct. 


14 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


25. L. verticizatum Linn. fil. Suppl. 448 (Dill. Muse. tab. 56. 
fig. 8). DL. acerosum Sw. L. setaceum Lam. L. flaccidum and 
intermedium Fée.—Stems slender, pendulous, stramineous, 4-2 ft. 
long, several times dichotomously forked, about 4 in. diam. in- 
cluding the leaves. Leaves dense, ascending, linear-subulate, 
moderately firm In texture, green, entire, } in. long; midrib very 
distinct. Sporangia in the axils of the unaltered leaves of the 
branches and branchlets. 

Var. L. filiforme Sw. L. tenue, H. B. K. LL. curvifolium 
Kunze.—Stems very slender, sometimes 3-4 ft. long. Leaves not 
so dense, shorter, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long. 


Hab. Throughout Tropical America, ascending to 10,000 ft. in the Andes; 
also Polynesia, Cape and Mascaren Isles. 


26. L. runirorme Chamisso; Spring Mon. i. 50; Kunze 
Farren, t. 79. — Stems very pendulous, sometimes 3-4 ft. long, 
little branched, cylindrical, 4 in. diam. including the adpressed 
leaves. Leaves dense, ascending, multifarious, much imbricated, 
linear-subulate, } in. long, firm in texture, green entire; midrib 
hidden. Sporangia in the axils of the unaltered leaves of the 
branchlets. 

Hab. Cuba. West Indies and Guiana. Very distinct. 


27. L. seraceum Hamilt. in D. Don. Prodr. Nep. 18, non Lam. 
L. pulcherrimum Wall.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil, t. 388. ZL. subu- 
lifolium Wall.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 49. LZ. nilagiricum 
Spring.—Stems pendulous, 4-14 ft. long, several times dicho- 
tomously forked 41-4 in. diam. including the adpressed leaves. 
Leaves crowded, ascending, linear, entire, green, }-1 in. long; 
margin often rather involute or revolute; midrib distinct. Spor- 
angia in the axils of the unaltered leaves of the branches and 
branchlets. 

Hab. Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon and Borneo, ascending to 6000 ft. 
in Sikkim. 

28. L. motuicomum Mart.; Spring Fl. Bras. i. 118. L. grami- 
neum and setaceum var. brasiliense Spring. —— Stems pendulous, 
3-11 ft. long, several times dichotomously forked, }-4 in. diam. 
including the adpressed leaves. Leaves dense, ascending, linear- 
subulate, green, entire, moderately firm in texture, 4-4 in. long; 
midrib very distinct. Sporangia in the axils of the unaltered 
leaves of the branches and branchlets. 

Hab. Mountains of Guatemala, Panama, New Granada, Ecuador, Guiana 
and Brazil. Very near L. setaceum. 

29. L. Pearcer Baker.—Stems pendulous, a foot long, twice 
dichotomously forked, 4-1 in. diam. leaves included. Leaves 
crowded, ascending, linear, green, rigid, }-4 in. long, acuminate, 
minutely rigidly ciliated; midrib distinct. Sporangia in the axils 
of the unaltered leaves of the long branchlets. 

Hab. High Andes of Bolivia, Pearce! Allied to L. Selago.. 


30. L. arrive Hook. et Grev. in Hook. Bot. Mise. ii. 863.— 
Stems pendulous, 4-14 ft. long, 2-8 times dichotomously forked ; 


LYCOPODIACE. 15 


branchlets 4-3 in. diam. including the leaves. Leaves moderately 
dense, loosely ascending, lanceolate, about }in. long. green, firm 
in texture, strongly ciliated, acutely keeled. Sporangia in the axils 
of unaltered leaves all down the stem. 

Hab. Alpine region of the Andes of Ecuador, especially Pichincha. 
Allied to L. Selago and Saururus. 

31. L. Linpen1 Spring Mon. ii. 27.— Stems slender, very 
pendulous, 2-8 ft. long, several times dichotomously forked, §—-}1n. 
diam. including the leaves. Leaves moderately dense, ascending, 
lanceolate, acute, 4-1 in. long, firm in texture, green, entire; 
midrib distinct. Sporangia in the axils of the unaltered leaves of 
the branches and branchlets. 


Hab. Andes of New Granada, Linden 1002! Ecuador, Jameson! Allied 
to Saururus and attenuatum. 


82. L. arrenuatcm Spring Mon. ii. 48.—Stems pendulous 4-1 ft. 
long, 8-4 times dichotomously forked, 1-4 in. diam. including the 
leaves. Leaves dense, lanceolate, ascending, quite hiding the stem, 
acuminate, green or tinged with red, 4-4 in. long, rigid but not 
thick in texture, entire; midrib obscure. Sporangia in the axils 
of unaltered leaves all down the stem. 


Hab. High Andes of Columbia, Ecuador and Peru. Allied to L. Saururus. 
Spruce’s 5609 is a variety with curved leaves less dense than in the type. 


38. L. mnsuLaRE Carm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 509.—Stems 
pendulous, a foot long, copiously pinnately and dichotomously 
branched. Leaves dense, lanceolate, reflexing, entire, glossy 
green, 3-4 in. long, firm in texture but not very thick; midrib 
distinct. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves. 


Hab. Cliffs of Tristan d’Acunha, Carmichael! May be an extreme form 
of L. Saururus. 


34. L. Harrwecianum Spring Mon. ii. 14.—Stems pendulous, 
1-2 ft. long, 3-4 times dichotomously forked, 4-} in diam. in- 
cluding the leaves. Leaves lanceolate, dense, ascending, much 
imbricated, not very thick, rigid, green, entire; midrib obscure. 
Sporangia in the axils of the unaltered leaves of the branchlets. 

Hab. High Andes of Ecuador and New Granada. Allied to L. taxifolium. 


35. L. Trencitia Sodiro Recens Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 89. — Stems 
simple, pendulous, 1-2 ft. long, plicate with the decurrent bases of 
the leaves, red, } in diam. exclusive of the leaves. Leaves ovate, 
ascending, multifarious, much imbricated, 4-4 in. long, rigid, 
green, or tinged with red, obscurely denticulate; midrib obscure. 
Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves. 

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, near the perpetual snow, Sodiro! Very distinct. 
The giant of recent lycopodiaceous types. 

36. L. sarmentosum Spring Mon. ii. 18. LZ. capillare, Sodiro 
Recens 90.— Stems very slender, pendulous, 1-2 ft. long, several 
times dichotomously forked, stramineous or bright red. Leaves 
laxly dis , linear or subulate, loosely ascending 4-4 in. long, 
thin in texture, green, entire; midrib distinct. Sporangia in the 
axils of unaltered leaves, 


16 _ HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Hab. Mountains of New Granada, Ecuador and Guiana. Intermediate 
between L. linifolium and verticillatum. : 


37. L. yintrorium Linn. Sp. Plant. edit. ii. 1563 (Dill. Muse. t. 
57, fig. 5). L. flevibile and heterocarpon Fée.—Stems very slender, 
square, very pendulous, stramineous, several times dichotomously 
forked. Leaves linear, laxly disposed, loosely ascending, 4-1 in. 
long, thin in texture, green, entire; midrib very distinct. Spo- 
rangia in the axils of unaltered leaves all down the stems. 

Hab. Throughout Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies to 
Peru and South Brazil, ascending to 10,000 ft. in the Andes. L. heterocarpon 
differs from the type by closer leaves, of firmer texture and var. sanguineum 
Spring by its bright red stems. 

38. L. pichoromum Jacq. Hort. Vind. ui. 26, t. 45. L. pithy- 
oides Cham. et Schlecht. L. mandioccanum Raddi Fil. Bras. 77, t. 
4. LL. polycarpon Kunze.—Stems generally pendulous, about a 
foot long, several times dichotomously forked, 1-13 in. diam. 
including the leaves. Leaves moderately dense, linear, generally 
spreading, upper loosely ascending, lower reflexed, usually 4-4 in. 
long, moderately firm in texture, green, entire, not hiding the 
stem; midrib distinct. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves 
of the branchlets. 


Hab. Throughout Tropical America, from Cuba and the West Indies and 
Mexico, to Peru and South Brazil, ascending to 11,000 ft. in the Andes. 


Galapagos Isles; and found lately by Mr. and Mrs. Pool and Miss Gilpin in ~ 


Central Madagascar. LL. mandioccanum differs from the type by its narrower 
leaves. IL. pithyoides is a form with very long narrowleaves. 


39. L. taxirotium Swartz Fl. Ind. Oce. iii. 1573; Hook et 


Grey. Ic. t. 181. JL. Herminiert Spring.—Stems generally pen- 


dulous, 1-2 ft. long, several times dichotomously forked, 3-1 in. 
diam. including the leaves. Leaves lanceolate, rarely linear, 
moderately dense, 4-2 in. long, firm in texture, always green, 
entire, with a distinct midrib; lower generally spreading; upper 
loosely ascending. Sporangia in the axils of the unaltered leaves 
of the branchlets. 

Var. L. passerinoides H. B. K.. Noy. Gen.i.41. L. nitensC. & §. 
—Habit more slender and leaves laxer, and not so firm in texture 


as in the type; those that subtend the sporangia rather abbreviated. - 


Var. L. Brongniartii Spring Mon. i. 83. — Leaves firm in 
texture, the lower reflexed. 


Hab. Throughout Tropical America from Cuba and Mexico to Southern 
Brazil, ascending to 10,000 ft. in the Andes. 


Subgenus 2. SusseLaGco. 


40. L. potytricnoress Kaulf. Enum. 6.—Stems very pendulous, 
a foot or more long, several times dichotomously forked, 1-16th to 
1-12th in. diam. including the adpressed leaves. Leaves dense, 
ascending, linear-subulate, moderately firm in texture, bright 
ereen, entire, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long; midrib distinct. Sporangia 
in the axils of the ovate green bracts of the long slender branchlets. 


Hab. Mountains of the Sandwich Islands. Habit and leaves af L. verti- 
cillatum var. tenue, from which it differs in its small bracts. 


ai 


se 


LYCOPODIACES, 17 


41. L. cancetzatum Spring Mon. ii, 27. — Stems pendulous, 
1—2 ft. long, several times dichotomously forked, with long 
branches and branchlets, which are 1-12th to 1-8th in. diam. 
including leaves. Leaves multifarious, lanceolate, acuminate, 
green, much imbricated, 4-4 in. long, firm in texture, acutely 
keeled. Sporangia in the axils of the ovate strongly-keeled green 
bracts of the cylindrical branchlets. 

Hab. Himalayas of Bhotan, Griffith! 


- 42. L. carmnatum Desy. Ency. Bot. Suppl. m1. 559. L. Flagel- 
laria Bory in Duper. Voy. i. 248, t. 26. L. laxwm and struthio- 
loides Presl. L. acrostachyum Wall.; Hook et Grey. Ic.t.181. L. 
pendulum Roxb.—Stems pendulous, 1-2 ft. or more long, several 
times dichotomously forked, } in. diam. including the leaves. 
Leaves moderately close, ascending, lanceolate, acute, thick, green, 
rigid, entire, 1-4 in. long; midrib distinct. Sporangia in long 
usually simple square spikes in the axils of ovate acute rigid green 
sharply-keeled bracts 1-12th to 1-8th in. long. 

Hab. Neilgherries, Malay Peninsula, Malay Isles, Philippines, Formosa 
and Polynesia. 

43. L. Forpm Baker.—Stems erect, under a foot long, 2—8 
times dichotomously forked, 4 in. diam. including leaves. Leaves 
moderately close, lanceolate, acute, erecto-patent, bright green, 
entire, moderately firm in texture, 4 in. long. Sporangia in short 
erect spikes in the axils of lanceolate green reduced leaves 4-2 in. 
long. 

Hab. West China; Mountains of Lo-fau-shan, Ford! Allied to L. 
carinatum. 


44, L. srrictum Baker in Journ. Bot. 1882, 271.—Stems tufted, 
stiffly erect, little branched, 4-1 ft. long, 1-4 in. diam. including 
leaves. Leaves oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, dense, ascending, 
much imbricated, thick and rigid in texture, green, entire, }-4 in. 
long; midrib obscure. Spikes pendulous, simple, 1-12th to 1-6th 
in. diam.; bracts broad ovate, very thick, green, much imbricated, 
1-16th to 1-12th in. long. 


Hab. Mountains of Centrai Madagascar, Parker! Baron 3559! Allied to 
L. gnidioides. In an allied plant gathered both by Humblot 290 and Baron 
1468, probably a high mountain form, the leaves resemble the bracts as above 
described, down to the very base of the stem. 


45. L. enipiomwes Linn. fil. Suppl. 448; Hook. et Grey. Ic. t. 
50; Schlecht. Adumb. t. 2. L. funiculosum Lam.  L. pinifoliwm 
Kaulf. L. flagelliforme Schrad.—Stems pendulous, 1-2 ft. or more 
long, several times dichotomously forked; branches about 3} in. 


diam. leaves included. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, moderately 


dense, ascending, obtuse, thick in texture, glossy green, entire, 
4-14 in. long; midrib distinct. Sporangia in lax copious spikes, 
often 3 ft. long, in the axils of thick ovate-oblong or ovate green 
bracts 4-4 in. long. 

Hab. Mountains of the Cape, Natal and Mascaren Isles. 


46. L. pacrypiomes Baker. L. passerinoides Kuhn, non H. B. K. 
c 


18 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


—Stems pendulous, 1-3 ft. long, several times dichotomously 
forked, about }1in. diam. including the leaves. Leaves moderately 
dense, ascending, ascending, lanceolate, acute, thick and glossy, 
green, entire, 4-3 in. long; midrib distinct. Sporangia in long 
simple spikes in the axils of ovate-lanceolate green bracts 4-4 in. 
long. 

Var. brachystachys Baker.— Leaves and bracts shorter, very 
glossy. Spikes short. 

Hab. Mountains of Transvaal, Natal, Zambesi-land, Cameroons, Fernando 
- PoandSt. Thomas. Var. brachystachys; Cameroons, Mann 2041! 

47. L. squarrosum Forst. Prodr. No. 479. L. ulicifolium Vent. 
Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 23. ZL. epiceafolium and Hippuris Desy. L. 
Forstert Poir. L. Blumeanum De Vriese. L. proliferum Blume. 
L. Hookert Wall.; Hook et Grev. Ic. t. 188. ZL. protensum Hook. 
et Grev. L. acutifolium Desv.—Stems pendulous, 1-2 ft. long, 
2-8 times dichotomously forked; branches and branchlets long, 
3] in. diam. including leaves. Leaves lanceolate, crowded, 
moderately firm in texture, dark green, entire, spreading or loosely 
ascending 4-3 in. long; midrib distinct. Sporangia arranged in 
long usually simple spikes in the axils of much-reduced erecto- 
patent lanceolate green leaves 4—-+ in. long. 

Hab. East Himalayas, Khasia, Ceylon, Malay Isles, Philippines, Polynesia, 
Seychelles, Mascaren Isles. 

48. L. ecuinatum Spring Mon. ii. 24.—Stems stout, pendulous, 
stramineous, 2-8 ft. long, several times dichotomously forked, 3 in. 
diam. low down, including leaves. Leaves crowded, ascending, 
lanceolate, pale green, flattish, entire, firm and rigid in texture, 
3 in. long; midrib hidden. Sporangia in long flexuose spikes 41in. 
diam. in the axils of rigid ovate-lanceolate almost pungent acutely- 
keeled bracts }-+ in. long. 

Hab. Andes of New Granada, Purdie! Allied to L. tawxifolium var. 
passerinioides and gnidioides. 

49. L. Datuousmanum Spring Mon. ii. 25. L. glaucum Cesati. 
—Stems robust, pendulous, little branched, stramineous, 2 ft. or 
more long, about 1 in. diam. including the leaves. Leaves crowded, 
asecending, rarely spreading, lanceolate, firm in texture, glaucous 
green, entire, 3-1 in. long: midrib distinct. Sporangia in simple 
flexuose spikes 6-10 in. long in the axils of crowded ovate or 
ovate-lanceolate bracts 4—-} in. long. 


Hab. Mountains of Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, first gathered by 
Lady Dalhousie. A very distinct and striking species. 


Subgenus IJ. Lepiports. 
Group of L. inundatum. 


50. L. munparum Linn. Sp. Plant. edit. ii. 1566; Schk. Krypt. 
t. 160; Fl. Dan. t. 886; Hook. Brit. Ferns t. 51. JL. palustre 
Lam.—Main stem trailing, simple, 2-4 in. long, sending out 
copious rootlets and 1-2 stiffly erect simple fertile branches 2-4 in. 
in. long. Leaves lanceolate, crowded, pale green, entire, 4-% in. 


LYCOPODIACER. 19 


long, moderately firm in texture, with a distinct midrib, those of 
the trailing stem secund, of the peduncle spreading or ascending. 
Spikes simple, stiffly erect, 4-1 in. long, 4-4 in. diam.; bracts 
crowded, 4-1 in. long, lanceolate from a dilated toothed base. 

Var. L. Bigelovii Tuckerm. L. diversifolium Nuttall. Barren 
and fertile stems both much longer, sometimes a foot long. Spike 
sometimes # ft. long. 

Hab. Swamps of Europe, Canada, Pennsylvania and New England. Var. 
Bigelovii, Pennsylvania, New England and Florida (var. appresswm, Chapman). 
The whole plant perishes in winter except the tip of the trailing sterile stem. 

51. L. Drummonpn Spring Mon. i. 35. L. serpentinum Kunze. 
—Main stem trailing, branched, 2-4 in. or more long, sending out 
rootlets and distant stiffly erect simple fertile branches 2-6 in. 
long. Leaves of trailing stem crowded, lanceolate, ascending, 
much imbricated, glossy, pale green, entire, firm in texture, } in. 
long; midrib obscure; those of the peduncle much laxer, stiffly 
erecto-patent, very decurrent. Spikes simple, $-4 in. long, some- 
times interrupted; bracts rigid, deltoid-cuspidate, erecto-patent, 
ereenish yellow, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long. 

Hab. Swan River, Drummond! Moreton Island, Mueller! New Zealand, 
Colenso! Habit of L. carolinianum, but leaves quite uniform. 

52. L. auopecuroies Linn. Sp. Plant. edit. uu. 1565 (Dill, 
Muse. tab. 62, fig. 8); Schk. Crypt. t. 160. L. longipes Hook et 
Grev.—Barren stem trailing, 4-2 ft. long, sending out copious 
roots, short procumbent sterile branches and distant stiffly erect 
fertile branches 4-1 ft. long. Leaves of the trailing stems 
crowded, lanceolate, acuminate, pale green, entire, 3-4 in. long, 
moderately firm in texture, spreading or ascending; those of the 
peduncle not so dense, more rigid, ascending, often ciliated. 
Spikes simple,1—6 in. long 4-4 in. diam.; bracts very crowded, 
linear, arcuate, +—} in. long, ascending or lower spreading. 

Var. L. contextum Mart. Icon. Crypt. Bras. 38, tab. 20, fig. 1. 
L. Matthewsti Hook. Ic. t. 26.—More luxuriant, with spikes 3 in. 
diam. 

Var. L. Nettoanum Glaziou.—Fertile and sterile branches of 
the trailing stem both assurgent and forked. 


__Hab. Throughout America, from the Northern United States to Monte 
Video, ascending to 8000 ft. in the Andes. Var. aquaticum, Spring, is a sterile 
submerged form with lax crisped leaves. 


Group of L. Phlegmaria. 


53. L. catuirricozrotium Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. 892. L. aqua- 
lupianum var. obtusifolium Spring. — Stem slender, flaccid, pen- 
dulous, 1-2 ft. long, several times dichotomously forked, stramineous, 
rarely bright red. Leaves lax, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 
obtuse, 4-1 in. long, moderately firm in texture, green, entire; 
midrib distinct. Spikes very slender 3-1 ft. long, several times 
dichotomously forked; bracts lax, ovate, acute, a little longer than 
the sporangia. ; 


Hab. Andes of New Granada and Ecuador, ascending to 10,000 ft. Habit 
of L. subulatum, but leaves very different. 


20 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


54. L. oprusirorium Swartz, Syn. Fil. 177. L. pachyphyllum 
Kuhn. — Stem suberect or pendulous, 3-1 ft. long, 1-3 times 
dichotomously forked. Leaves lax, ascending, broad ovate or 
suborbicular, deltoid at the apex, }-4 in. long, very rigid in texture, 
green or tinged with red, entire; midrib quite hidden. Spikes 
1-4 in. long, simple or forked; bracts lax, ovate, rounded on the 
back, similar to the leaves in texture, +-4 in. long. 

Hab. Madagascar and Mauritius. Very distinct. 


55. L. NuMMULARIFOLIUM Blume Enum. ii. 268; Hook. et Grev. 
Ic. t. 212. L.. rotundifolium Roxb.—Stem slender, pendulous, 
1-2 ft. long, 3-4 times dichotomously forked ; branches divaricate. 
Leaves lax, ascending, broad oblong or suborbicular, obtuse, flat, 
glossy, green, rigid in texture, entire, about } in. long; midrib 
distinct. Spikes very slender, 2-12 in. long, dichotomously forked ; 
bracts moderately dense, ascending, not much exceeding the 
sporangia. 

Hab. Malay Peninsula and Isles, Amboyna and Erromanga. 


56. L. aquatupianum Spring, Mon. 1. 68. L. guadalupianum 
Fee Fil. Ant. t. 33, fig. 1.—Stem slender, pendulous, 4-2 ft. long, 
2-4 times dichotomously forked, stramineous, rarely bright red. 
Leaves lax, ascending, oblong, subobtuse, +-4 in. long, flat, green, 
entire; midrib distinct. Spikes varying from 3-4 in. to 1-14 ft. 
long, slender, several times dichotomously forked; bracts lax, 
ascending, ovate, acute, 2-3 times the length of the sporangia. 

Hab. Cuba, West Indies, Guiana, and Andes of New Granada. 


57. L. puitecmariomwEs Gaudich. Freye. Voy. t. 23. — Stem 
pendulous, 1-13 ft. long, pale, 2-4 times dichotomously forked. 
Leaves lax, ovate, ascending, obtuse or subacute, 1-1 in. long, firm 
in texture, bright green, rigid, entire; midrib distinct. Spikes 
very slender, forked, 1-4 in. long ; bracts moderately dense, broad 
ovate, equalling or but little exceeding the sporangia. 

Var. Seemanni Baker. — Habit of L. aqualupianum. Leaves 
oblong, smaller, laxer and not so rigid as in the type. Bracts more 
acute and larger. 

Hab. Malay and Polynesian Islands. Var. Seemanni, Fiji. Seemann 708 ! 
Samoa, Whitmee ! 

58. L. Vrieszeanum Spring Mon. 1. 83.— Stem suberect, 4 ft. 
long, 2-8 times dichotomously forked. Leaves crowded, erecto- 
patent, lanceolate, acute, firm in texture, bright green, 4 in. long; 
midrib distinct. Spikes short, square, simple or forked, }-1} in. 
long, }-1 lin. diam.; bracts broad ovate, cuspidate, ascending, 
crowded, strongly keeled, the lower twice as long as the sporangia. 
me Hab, Java, on trees among the mountains, alt. 3000—5000 ft., Junghuhn 

59. Li. Brnuarpreri Spring Mon. i. 56. L. Flagellaria A. Rich. ; 
Duperrey Voy. t. 26, non Bory. JL. Flagellum R. Br. — Stem 
pendulous, 1-8 ft. long, slender, wiry, copiously dichotomously 
forked from the base. Leaves lax, ascending, decurrent, firm in 
texture, linear, green, glossy, witha distinct midrib; lower }—3 in. 


| 


a 


‘ 


LS 
af 


LYCOPODIACEE. 21 


long ; upper much smaller. Spikes copious, dichotomously forked, 
1-4 in. long, slender, square, 1-12th in. diam. ; bracts ovate, acute, 
scarcely exceeding the sporangia, 4 lin. long. 

Hab. New Zealand, Sunday Island, Raoul Island. Spikes more slender 
than in L. variwm, with which Mr. Kirk unites it, and leaves longer and 
narrower. 

60. L. varrum R. Br. Prodr. 165; Hook. et Grey. Ic. t. 112. 
L. myrtifolium Forst.? — Stems suberect or pendulous, stout, 
stramineous, 3-1 ft. long, 2-3 times dichotomously forked. Leaves 
moderately dense, lanceolate or oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute, 
4-3 in. long, firm in texture, green, glossy, with revolute edges 
and a distinct midrib. Spikes dense, subtetragonous, 3-6 in. long, 
4_1 in. diam., once or twice forked; bracts broad ovate, acute, 
imbricated, 3—+ in. long. 

Hab. Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and Auckland Isles. 


61. L. susutatum Desv. Encyc. Suppl. i. 544. L. phylice- 
Jolium Desy. LL. congestifolium Spring. L. biforme Hook. Ic. t. 
228.—Stem pendulous, slender, flaccid, stramineous, sometimes 
2-3 ft. long, several times dichotomously forked. Leaves lax, 
ascending, rarely spreading, lanceolate, acuminate, 4-3 in. long. 
moderately firm in texture, green, entire; midrib distinct. Spikes 
4-1 ft. long, several times dichotomously forked, 1-12th in. diam. ; 
bracts broad ovate, green, keeled on the back, sometimes with a 
short cusp, as long as or a little longer than the sporangia. 


Hab. Throughout Tropical America, ascendiug to 12,000 ft. in the Andes 
of Ecuador. L. phylicefolium is a form with stouter denser subtetragonous 
spikes; L. erythrocaulon Fée Fil. Mas. Suppl. 95, t. 106, fig. 2,a form with 
short bright red stems and short dense spikes, and var. pastoensis Baker, 
gathered by Jameson in Ecuador, a form with narrow linear spreading rather 
arcuate leaves and very slender spikes with some of the bracts changed into 
proper leaves. A form with short bright red stems and short rigid leaves was 
gathered by Mann and Brigham, 506, in the Sandwich Islands. 


62. L. opHiociossoiEs Lam. Encye. ili. 646. L. longifolium 
Sw.—Stem slender, pendulous 1-2 ft. long, dichotomously forked 
from the base. Leaves moderately dense, ascending, lanceolate, 
acute, flat, moderately firm in texture, green, entire, 4-4 in. long; 
midrib distinct. Spikes 5-8 in. long, several times dichotomously 
forked, 4 in. diam.; bracts moderately dense, ovate, acute, 
ascending, 1-12th—1-8th in. long. 

Hab. Bourbon, Comoro Isles, Cameroons (at 7000 ft.), and Fernando Po. 
Nearly allied to L. Billardieri. 

63. L. prntrotium Blume Enum. Jay. ul. 264.—Stem slender, 
pendulous, 6-9 in. long, 2-8 times dichotomously forked. Leaves 
moderately dense, erecto-patent, lanceolate, about } in. long, green, 
moderately firm in texture; midrib distinct. Spikes 1-3 in. long, 
1-3 times dichotomously forked, 1-12th in. diam.; bracts ovate, 
acuminate, ascending, usually considerably longer than the 
sporangia. 

Hab. Java, Borneo and New Guinea. Very near L. Phlegmaria. 


64. L. Martir Wawra Reise 185, t. 832.—Stem suberect, 3} ft. 
long, 2-3 times dichotomously forked. Leaves dense, ascending, 


> 


99, HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


lanceolate, acuminate, 4--} in. long, green, entire, moderately firm 
in texture ; midrib distinct. Spikes 1-2 in. long, simple or forked ; 
bracts dense, ovate, lower acuminate, twice as long as the 
sporangia, upper shorter, acute. 

Hab. Ilheos, Brazil, Wawra & Maly 339. 


65. L. coratrum Spring Pl. Junghuhn, 273.—Stem pendulous, 
slender, dichotomously forked, a foot long. Leaves moderately 
close, lanceolate, erecto-patent, 4-4} in. long, } in. broad, flat, 
ereen, entire; midrib distinct. Spikes slender, flexuose, 1-12th in. 
diam. 2-4 in. long, once or twice forked ; bracts imbricated, ovate, 
acute, 1-12th in. long, 


Hab. Malacca, Java, New Guinea. Very near L. Phlegmaria. 


60. L. aprcutatum Spring Pl. Junghuhn, 272. L. phyllocarpon 
Hook et Grev.—Stem pendulous, 1-2 ft. long, 2-3 times dicho- 
tomously forked. Leaves moderately dense, lanceolate, acuminate, 
moderately firm in texture, bright green, entire, 4-4 in. long, 
1-12th in. broad; midrib distinct. Spikes 2-6 in. long, dicho- 
tomously forked, $ in. diam.; bracts ovate, acuminate, moderately 
dense, ascending, 3-4 in. long. 

Hab. Polynesia and Malay Isles. Nearly allied to L. Phlegmaria. 


67. L. Patremaria Linn. Sp. Plant. edit. ii. 1564 (Dill. Muse. 
t. 61). L. mirabile and australe Willd. L. ericefolium Presl. — 
Stem pendulous, 4-2 ft. long, 2-4 times dichotomously forked, 
always stramineous. Leaves moderately close, spreading or 
ascending, ovate or ovate-lanceolate 4-3 in. long, firm or mode- 
rately firm in texture, always green, rounded or cordate at the 
base, flat, entire; midrib distinct. Spikes copious, flaccid, 3-6 in., 
rarely a foot long, usually forked both at and above the base, 
1-12th in. diam.; bracts ovate, green, wrinkled on the back, not 
cuspidate, as long as or a little longer than the sporangia. 

Hab. Common throughout the Tropics of the Old World, extending to the 
Kastern Himalayas, Queensland, and New Zealand. JL. australe is a form with 
cordate-ovate leaves and L. mirabile a form with narrower leaves than the type 
and more slender spikes. 

68. L. ritrrorme Roxb. FI. Ind. edit. Clarke 741. L. ruscifolium 
Lowe. L. amboinense R. Br. L. Phlegmaria var. furcatum Spring. 
—Stems very slender, 1-2 ft. long, several times dichotomously 
forked from the base. Leaves lax, ovate, acute, spreading, mode- 
rately firm in texture, dark green, entire, }-4 in. long; base 
broadly rounded or cordate; midrib distinct. Spikes very slender, 
2-6 in. long, dichotomously forked, under a line in diameter; 
bracts lax, ovate, ascending, dark green, scarcely exceeding the 
sporangia. 

Hab. Ganges delta, Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Amboyna. 
and Philippines. Scarcely more than a small slender variety of L. Phlegmaria. 

69. L. poyttanrnoum Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. 108. L. macro- 
stachys Hook. L. pachystachyon Spring.—Stem stout, stramineous, 
suberect or pendulous, 1-1} ft. long, once or twice dichotomously 
forked. Leaves moderately dense, spreading, ovate-lanceolate, 
4-$ in. long, bright green, very firm in texture, with revolute 


i 


——— 


LYCOPODIACE®. 23 
edges and a distinct midrib. Spikes 3-9 in. long, 2-3 times 
dichotomously forked, 3-1 in. diam.; bracts broad ovate, acute, 
imbricated, distinctly keeled, a little longer than the sporangia. 

Var. L. nutans Bracken. Fil. Wilkes Expedit. 827, t. 46. — 
Leaves narrower, denser and more acuminate than in the type. 
Spikes short, usually simple, erect, 4-4 in. diam. ; bracts leaf-like, 
lanceolate, +—-4 in. long. 

Hab. Neilgherries, Ceylon, Borneo, Samoa and Sandwich Islands. Var. 
nutans, Madagascar, New Caledonia, and Sandwich Isles. 

70. L. mecastacuyum Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 454,— 
Stem stout, suberect, once forked, under a oe long. Leaves 
dense, reflexed, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4-4 in. long, firm in 
texture, green, entire, with revolute edges ‘and. a distinct midrib, 
Spikes pendulous, cylindrical, forked, 4-6 in. long, 4 in. diam. : 
bracts dense, ovate, acute, rugose on the back, not distinctly 
keeled, 2-3 times the length of the sporangia. 

Hab. Forests of Central Madagascar, Baron 2840! 


71. L. rosustum Klotzsch in Linnea xviii. 518. — Stem stout, 
suberect, stramineous, 14 ft. long, 2-3 times sioheiemously forked. 
Leaves moderately dense, spreading, lanceolate, }—8 in. long, firm 
in texture, with revolute edges and a distinct midrib. Spikes 
stout, 8-4 in. long, 2-3 times forked; bracts ovate, acute, 4 in. 
long. 

Hab. Demerara, Richd. Schomburgk 1209. 


Group of L. cernuum. 


72. L. cernuum, Linn. Sp. Plant. edit. ii. 1566 (Dill. Muse. 
tab. 63, fig. 10). LL. Boryanum A. Rich. L. capillaceum Willd.— 
Stems stiffly erect, sometimes 3-4 ft. long, simple towards the 
base, copiously branched upwards; lower branchlets copiously 
compound, short, divaricate, ascending or pendulous. Leaves 
crowded, linear, subulate with revolute edges, 4 in. long, pale 
green, with a midrib prominently raised beneath, lower spreading, 
upper arcuate-ascending. Spikes sessile at the end of the 
branchlets, many to a branch, cylindrical, 4-3 in. long; bracts 


broad ovate, with a large cusp, ascending, densely ciliated. 


Var. L. marianum Willd. Sp. Plant. L. ericinum Cesati.—Leafy 
branchlets not much thicker and denser than in type, but leaves 
longer and more rigid, conspicuously curved. 

Var. L. curvatunm Sw. Syn. 178, 402. L. vulcanicum Blume. 
L. convolutwm Desvy.—Sealy branchlets stouter and more crowded 
than in the type. Leaves longer, very rigid, conspicuously curved. 

Var. L. pendulum Hook. Ic. t. 90. L. Hichleri Fée Fil. Bras, t 
106, fig. 4.— Leaves as in the last but final branches long and 
pendulous. 

Hab. Cosmopolitan in the Tropics of both hemispheres and extending 
beyond them to Japan, the Azores, Cape Colony, New Zealand, and St. Paul’s 
Island in the South Indian Ocean. Karl Muller in Bot. Zeit. 1861, p. 161, 


divides this into seven species, cernuum, Heeschii, secundum, sikkimense, ~ 
Moritzii, Hupeanum, and marianum. 


24 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


73. L. pensum Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 104, tab. 251, fig. 1.— 
Stems stiffly erect, 2-6 ft. long, simple towards the base, copiously 
branched upwards, with crowded ascending branches and branchlets, 
the latter 1-12th to 1-8th in. diam. including the leaves. Leaves 
‘crowded, linear or lanceolate acuminate, erecto-patent or ascending, 
3-14 line long, firm in texture, pale green, shortly aristate ; midrib 
distinct. Spikes copious, terminal on the branchlets, sessile, 
cylindrical, many to a branch, 4-1 in. long, 1-12th to 1-8th in. 
diam.; bracts broad ovate, not cuspidate. 

Hab. Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Norfolk Island and New Cale- 
donia, in elevated situations on the ground. 

74. L. opscurum Linn. Sp. edit. ii. 1566 (Dill. Muse. t. 67). 
L. japonicum Thunb. L. dendroideum Michx.; Schk. Krypt. t. 64; 
Hook. Exot. Flora t. 7.—Stems erect, 1-14 ft. long, simple at the 
base, copiously branched upwards, with crowded mostly ascending 
branches and branchlets. Leaves lax, erecto-patent, lanceolate, 
mucronate, 4 in. long, firm in texture, bright glossy, green; midrib 
distinct. Spikes 1-6, terminal on the upper branchlets, erect, 
cylindrical, sessile, 4-14 in. long; bracts broad ovate, acute, not 
cuspidate, ascending, imbricated. 

Hab. Newfoundland, Canada to Carolina, Japan, Kamschatka and 
Siberia. 

75. L. casuarrnoies Spring Mon. i. 94; Hook. Ic. t. 968. L. 
rubellum Presl. LL. comans and filicaule Hook. fil.—Stems wide- 
scandent; branches copiously compound; final branchlets some- 
times 6-9 in. long, pendulous. Leaves very variable, conspicuously 
decurrent, firm in texture, green or reddish, lanceolate aristate, 
sometimes distant, with only a minute free blade with a hyaline 
apex, sometimes closer, with a lanceolate aristate arcuate free 
blade din. long. Spikes by themselves on special branchlets, 
panicled, 1-8 in. long, cylindrical, 4 in. diam. ; bracts broad ovate, 
ascending, decidedly cuspidate. 


Hab. Khasia, Assam, Bhotan, Malacca, China, Philippines, Java, Borneo 
and Sumatra. 


Group of L. clavatum. 


76. L. Spruce: Baker.—Main stem short, simple, epigz#ous, 
sending out copious rootlets and stiffly erect simple or forked leafy 
stems, 6-9 in. long. Leaves very dense, lanceolate, acuminate, 
1 in. long, firm in texture, green, ascending, with a suleate midrib, 
so that they appear 2-nerved on the keel. Spikes sessile and 
solitary at the end of the leafy branches, 14-2 in. long; bracts 
dense, stramineous, broad ovate, with a very large erecto-patent or 
squarrose cusp. 

Hab. Venezuela; San Carlos del Rio Negro, Spruce 3151! A very distinct 
species, connecting the groups of inwndatum and clavatum. 

77. L.maceuuanicum Sw. Syn. Fil. 180.—Main stem wide-trailing, 
epigeous or hypogeous; branches short, ascending; lower copiously 
compound, with short branchlets. Leaves crowded, lanceolate, 
arcuate-ascending. 4-4 in, long, thick in texture, green, mucronate, 


-— — 


a i ie 


LYCOPODIACES. 25 


not aristate; midrib distinct. Spikes sessile or nearly so at the 
end of the leafy branchlets, stouter than in c/avatum, 1-2 in. long, 
often many to a branch; bracts imbricated, broad ovate, with a 
large finally squarrose cusp. 

Var. Cunninghami Baker.—A stout condensed variety with large 
thick secund leaves and very large spikes, 3-4 in. long, 31 in. in 
diam. ; bracts with very large cusps. 

Hab. South Chili, Terra del Fuego, South Patagonia, Falkland Isles, 


Kerguelen’s Land, Staten Land, Marion Islands. Var. Cunninghami ; Straits of 
Magellan, Dr. Coppinger ! Falkland Isles, Dr. Cunningham! 


78. L. contiguum, Klotzsch in Linn. xviii. 519.— Main stem 
wide-trailing, rooting copiously; branches erect; lower sparingly 
compound, 6-9 in. long, with a few long erect branchlets. Leaves 
crowded, arcuate ascending, lanceolate, 4+ in. long, tipped with a 
short awn, rigid in texture, green, midrib distinct, Spikes usually 
simple, 1-2 in. long, stouter than in clavatum, sessile at the end of 
the leafy branchlets, never more than few to a branch; bracts 
broad ovate, with a long sub-squarrose cusp. 


Hab. High Andes of New Granada, Ecuador, and Bolivia. 


79. L. ramuxtosum Kirk in Trans. New Zeal. Instit. xi. 456, tab. 
19, fig, BX Stems densely tufted, 2-3 in. long, ascending, sparingly 
branched. Leaves lanceolate, mucronate not aristate, moderately 
dense, ascending or spreading, firm in texture, green, 4 in. long, 
distinctly keeled. Spikes. terminal and solitary, sessile at the end 
of the leafy branches, 4-4 in. long; bracts ascending, imbricated, 
broad ovate, cuspidate. 


Hab. New Zealand; Hokitika, Tipler (Kirk 831!) Differs mainly from 
L. diffusum by its entirely terminal spikes. 


80. L. annotinum Linn Sp. Plant. edit. ii. 1566 (Dill. Muse. t. 
63, fig. 9); Fl. Dan. t. 127; Schk. Crypt. t. 162; Hook. Brit. 
Ferns, t. 50. L.juniperifolium Lam.—Main stem caudate, trailing to 
a length sometimes of several feet ; branches ascending; upper simple, 
lower copiously compound. Leaves moderately close, lanceolate, 
spreading, or lower reflexed, §-3 in. long, mucronate, denticulate, 
firm in texture, green, shortened and “ascending at the nodes 
where growth has been suspended; midrib distinct. Spikes 
solitary, sessile at the end of the leafy branchlets, often many to a 
branch, cylindrical, 1-14 1m. long; bracts broad ovate, shortly 
cuspidate, ascending, stramineous, much imbricated. 

Hab. Arctic zones and mountains of the north temperate zone in both 


hemispheres, ascending to 14,000 ft. in the Eastern Himalayas. Var. pungens 
Spring is a high mountain form with smaller, thicker, more distinctly pointed 


ascending leaves. 

81. L. piapHanum Sw. Syn. Fil. 179: Hook. et Grev. Ic. t. 227. 
—Main stem wide-trailing, epigeous, densely leafy throughout ; 
branches ascending; lower about 3} ft. long, sparingly compound. 
Leaves very dense, linear, with a long awn, ascending, much 
imbricated, firm in texture, green, + in. long; midrib distinct. 
Spikes sessile at the end of the leafy branchlets, simple or forked, 


* 


~ =< wec ee Lore 
= * 7 +f 
é “ 
7 = 
ae 


26 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


stouter than in clavatum; bracts broad ovate, narrowed into a hair- 
like point. ! 
Hab. -Tristan d’Acunha, Carmichael ! 


82. L. vestirum. Desv. Encyc. Suppl. ii. 546. L. scariosum 
Hook. Ic. t. 89, non Forst. L. sericewm Hook, fil—Main stem 
wide-trailing, epigeeous, densely leafy; branches ascending, lower 
sparingly compound. Leaves very crowded, ascending, adpressed, 
linear, + in. long, pale green and firm in texture in the lower half, 
membranous and white towards the tip. Spikes simple or forked 
at the end of the leafy branchlets, stouter than in clavatum, 
sometimes 3-4 in. long; bracts very large, lanceolate from a broad 
base, hyaline upwards and denticulate. 


Chacapoyas, Peru, Mattheus 1765! I have not seen the New Granadan 
plant of Humboldt, placed here by Spring. 


83. L. spurtum Willd. Sp. Plant. v. 28; L. glaucescens Presl. 
L. pichinchense Hook. Ic. t. 85.—Main stem trailing, hypogeous ; 
lower branches copiously compound, 3-4 in. long, with short 
divaricate branchlets. Leaves crowded, lanceolate, loosely ascend- 
ing, 3-4 in. long, firm in texture, green, glossy, mucronate not 
aristate ; midrib obscure. Spikes 1-8 in. long, several to each 
main branch, each sessile atthe end of the branchlets or 2-4 on a 
short peduncle ending its main axis; bracts broad ovate, with a 
large cusp. 

Hab. High Andes of Ecuador. The Brazilian L. assurgens Fee has more 
compound branches, narrower leaves, and squarrose bracts. 


84, L. cravatrum Linn. Sp. Plant. edit. ii. 1564 (Dill. Muse. tab. 


58, fig. 1); Fl. Dan. t. 126; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 49.—Main stem 
trailing to a length of several feet, caudate ; lower branches often 
4 ft. long, copiously compound. Leaves crowded, lanceolate with 
distinct awn, 4-4 in, long, loosely arcuate ascending, green, firm 
in texture, often denticulate; midrib distinct. Spikes 1-3 on a 


long common peduncle with distant adpressed bracts, cylindrical, 


1-2 in. long, + in. diam.; bracts broad ovate with a distinct muéro, 
rigid, stramineous, much imbricated. 


Hab. Arctic and alpine zones of both hemispheres; also mountains of 
Tropical Asia, Africa and America, Cape Mascaren Isles and Polynesia. Very 
variable, the following being the principal named varieties: L. trichiatum Bory; 
Fée Fil. Bras. t. 107. Tropical America and Bourbon. Leaves more rigid, with 
a very distinct awn, the lower spreading or recurved, a longer peduncle and 
4—8 spikes. — L. aristatum H.B.K. Andes and West Indies, with very 
crowded ascending rigid ‘aristate leaves and 4—6 spikes.—L. piliferum Raddi 
Fil. Bras. t. 3. A form between the last and the type.—JL. eriostachys Feée. 
Brazil, with the main stem terminated by a tuft of rootlets.—L. venustulum 
Gaudich Freyc. Voy. Bot. t. 22. Sandwich Isles, with short very rigid, 
ascending inflexed leaves, long spikes, and squarrose bracts.—L. heterophyllum 
Hook. Ic. t. 113. Owhyee. Differing from the last mainly by its less crowded 
leaves.—L. inflecum Swartz. Cape and Madagascar. More rigid inflexed 
leaves than the type, channelled down the face and 2—4 long spikes. — L. 
divaricatum Wall., of India and Java. Sterile branches very compound, main 
stem but sparsely leafy, leaves of branches narrower and laxer, a long peduncle 
with 5—6 long spikes. — L. tamariscispica Cesati. New Guinea, with very 
short rigid incurved leaves, a long peduncle, and 6—8 spikes, 


; 


LYCOPODIACER. 27 


85. L. rasticgiatum R. Br. Prodr. 165.—Main stem trailing, 
hypogeeous; lower branches copiously compound, sometimes a foot 
long and naked at the base; branchlets crowded. Leaves 
crowded, lanceolate, arcuate, 3-1 in. long, firm in texture, green, 
mucronate, not aristate; midrib obscure. Spikes several to a main 
branch, sessile at the tip of the branchlets or many in a central 
peduncled panicle; bracts broad ovate with a large cusp. 

Hab. South Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Auckland and Campbell 


Isles. Very variable. The large forms come in midway between clavatum and 
paniculatum. The small states are not distinguishable from magellanicum. 


86. L. pantcunatum, Desy. Encye. ui. 548. L. dendromorphum 
Kunze. Main stem trailing to a length of several feet, hypogeous 
or sparsely leafy; lower branches copiously compound, sometimes 
2 ft. long. Leaves crowded on the branchlets, linear, arcuate, firm 
in texture, green, 4-1 in. long, mucronate, not aristate; midrib 
obscure. Pedunele direct from the rhizome or terminating the 
axis of a leafy branch, sometimes with several short ascending 
branches, with several crowded spikes to each; spikes more 
slender than in clavatum; bracts finally squarrose, broad ovate, 
with a large cusp. 

Hab. Mountains of Peru and Chili. 


87. L. auprvum Linn. Sp. Plant. edit. 11. 1567; Schk. Crypt. t. 
161; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 53.— Main stem wide-trailing, usually 
hypogzeous, with leaves only rudimentary; branches ascending ; 
lower copiously flabellulately compound; branchlets nearly square, 
1-12th in. diam. including the adpressed leaves. Leaves ovate- 
lanceolate, } in. long, decurrent on the stem, adpressed, thick in 
texture, green, entire, rounded on the back; midrib hidden. 
Spikes cylindrical, 3-1 in. long, sessile at the end of the leafy 
branchlets; bracts broad ovate, acute, ascending, imbricated. 

Var. L. sabinefolium Willd. Sp. Plant. v. 20. —Leaves narrower 
and more acute. Spikes shortly peduncled. 

Var. L. nikoense Franch. et Savat. Knum. Jap. ii. 198.—Leaves 
narrower and more acute than in the type, not adpressed. Spikes 
distinctly peduncled. 

Hab. Arctic zones and mountains of the north temperate zone in both 


hemispheres. Var.sabinefoliwum. Rocky Mountains and Newfoundland. Var. 
nikoense. Japan. 


Group of L. laterale. 


88. L. prrrusum R. Br. Prodr. 105. non Spring. —Stems inter- 
matted, 2-9 in. long, trailing at base, ascending at the end and 
distinctly branched; branches slightly compound, with divaricate 
branchlets. Leaves moderately dense, lanceolate, ascending, pale 
green, or tinged with brown, firm in texture, glossy, 1-12th to 1-8th 
in. long; midrib obscure. Spikes many, simple, cylindrical, 1-1 in. 
long, lateral or terminal on short branchlets. 

Hab. Victoria and Tasmania. Intermediate between L. laterale and L. 


magellanicum. The plant described as L. diffusum by Spring is L. fastigiatum 
R. Br. 


28 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


89. L. taterate R. Br. Prodr. 165; Labill. Sertum, t. 15.— 
Stems erect, or decurrent at the base, simple or little branched, 
4-14 in. long. Leaves moderately dense, linear-lanceolate, mode- 
rately firm in texture, pale green, ascending or the lower spreading, 
é-t m. long; midrib distinct; edges revolute. Spikes many, 
sessile, lateral, simple, ascending, 3-3 in. long; bracts rigid, 
stramineous, imbricated, broad ovate, with a large cusp. 

Hab. Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. Very distinct. 


Subgenus [V. Dreuastum. 
90. L. carozintanum Linn. Sp. edit. ii. 1567 (Dill. Muse. tab. 


62, fig. 6). L. repens Sw. L. affine Bory. L. ericetorum and 
ambiguum Schrad. L. drepanoides Blume.—Main stem trailing and 
rooting, varying in length from a couple of inches to a foot, 
bearing short distant trailing branches. Leaves secund, dimorphie, 
lanceolate, 4-+ in. long, thin, pale green, those of the lower plane 
more or less falcate, those of the upper plane ascending. Peduncle 
stiffly erect, 2-12 in. long, stramineous, with lax adpressed rigid 
leaves. Spikes solitary, cylindrical, 1-3 in. long; bracts broad 
ovate, with a large spreading or ascending cusp. 


Hab. Onthe ground in swamps. Throughout America, from the United States 
to South Brazil; also Guinea, Cape, Mascaren Isles, Ceylon, Hongkong, Malay 
Isles, New Guinea and Tasmania. The principal varieties are L. paradoxum 
Spring; Mart. Icon. Crypt. Bras. tab. 20, fig.2. Brazil and New Granada, with 
oblique ovate leaves of the lower plane; L. tuberusum A. Br., Angola, with very 
acuminate leaves and sterile branches bearing tubercles; and L. sarcocaulon 


Welw., Angola and Cape, with very large thin falcate acuminate leaves 4 in. long. 


91. L. Wieutranum Wall. Cat. No. 2184. L. Loureiri Desv. ?— 
Stems wide-trailing, wiry, sparsely leafy ; branches ascending, 
copiously compound, branchlets sometimes 3-4 in. long, flat, 4 in. 
diam. including the leaves. Leaves dimorphic, green, firm in 
texture; those of the lower plane very decurrent, with a free 
lanceolate arcuate-ascending blade, 1-12th in. long; those of the 
upper plane smaller, lanceolate, ascending, adpressed to the stem. 
Spikes solitary, sessile at the end of elongated branchlets, many to 
a branch, cylindrical, 1-14 in. long; bracts ovate, with a squarrose 
cusp. | 
Hab. Neilgherries and mountains of Ceylon and Java. Closely allied to 
complanatum and alpinum. 

92. L. compranatum Linn. Sp. edit. i. 1567 (Dill. Muse. t. 
59-69); Journ. Bot. 1882, t. 233, Fl. Dan. t. 2671.—Main stem 
hypogeous, trailing sometimes to a length of several feet; branches 
ascending, copiously compound ; branchlets 1-2 inches long, 
1-12 in. diam. including the distichous leaves. Leaves dimorphic, 
firm and rigid in texture, green; those of the lower plane with 
a very decurrent adnate base and short ascending free lanceolate 
point; those of the upper plane limear, erect, adpressed to the 
stem. Spikes several on a common peduncle from the axis of a 
branch, cylindrical, 1-2 in. long. 1-12th in. diam.; bracts broad 
ovate, ascending, shortly cuspidate. 

Var. L. thuyoides H. B. K. in Willd. Sp. Plant. v.18.—A luxuriant 


LYCOPODIACE&. 29 


variety with branchlets often 3-4 in. long and 8-10 spikes on a 
long peduncle. 

Var. L. Chamecyparissus A. Br. in Doell Rhein Flora 86; FI. 
Dan. t. 2672.—Leafy branches less spreading, narrower, stiffer, 
nearly square. Leaves less distinctly dimorphic 

Hab. North temperate zones of both hemispheres; also Madeira, Azores, 
Madagascar, Java, Sumatra, New Guinea, Tahiti and Tropical America, 
ascending in the Andes to 11,000 ft. Habit of L. alpinum, from which it differs 


by its dimorphic distichous leaves and peduncled spikes, L. Chamecyparissus 
and L. tristachyon Presl. being connecting links between the two types. 


98. L. scariosum Forst. Prodr. 87; Hook. Ic. t. 966. L. 
decurrens R. Br. LL. Lessonianum A. Rich. L. lindseaceum Spring. 
L. comptonioides Desv. L. Gayanum Remy.—Stem trailing to a 
length of several feet; branches ascending, copiously compound, 
1 ft. long; branchlets ascending, flat including the leaves, 
2-1 in. diam. Leaves distichous, dimorphous, firm in texture, 
ereen, with a distinct midrib; those of the lower plane lax, very 
decurrent, ascending, lanceolate, 4-4 in. long; those of upper 
plane much smaller, lanceolate, erect, adpressed to the axis. 
Spikes solitary, sessile or peduncled at the end of the branchlets, 
often many to a branch, cylindrical, 1-2 in. long; bracts broad 
ovate, with a large finally squarrose cusp. 

Var. L. Jussiai Desv. Enncyc. Suppl. ii. 548; Hook. et Grev. 
Ic. t. 186. L. Haenket Presl.—Branches erect, longer and more 
compound than in the type; branchlets 4-4 in. diam. Spikes 
‘1-5, on a long peduncle, mainly produced from the central axis of 
the branch. 

Hab. New Zealand, the type. The Australian (Victorian Alps and Tas- 
mania) plant is slightly different. L. Jussiei is widely spread over the Andes, 


extending also to Jamaica and Brazil. The Chilian L. Gayanum is inter- 
mediate between Jussiei and the type. 


94. L. votusimtz Forst. Prodr. 86; Hook. et Grev. Ic. t. 170. 
L. spectabile Blume. L. Durvillei A. Rich.—Stems wide-scandent, 
wiry, stramineous; branchlets decompound ; ultimate branchlets 
divaricate, sometimes 2-3 in. long, 4-1 in. broad including the 
distichous leaves. Leaves very dimorphic, firm but thin in texture, 
pale green; those of the lower plane lanceolate, 1-1 in. long, with 
a broad adnate base, a distinct excurrent midrib and an oblique 
ascending point; those of the upper plane linear, adpressed to the 
stem. Spikes very abundant, cylindrical, pendulous, 1-8 in. long, 
1-12 in. diam., forming ample panicles apart from the leaves ; 
bracts ascending, imbricated, broad ovate, with a small cusp. 


Hab. New Zealand, Polynesia, New Caledonia, N. Australia, and. moun- 
tains of Java, Borneo, New Guinea and Penang, forming dense entangled 
masses on the margin of forests. 


3. Tmesipteris Bernh. 


Sporangia boat-shaped, 2-celled, 2-lobed, with the septum 
across the narrow diameter, opening by a slit down the apex from 
end to end (very rarely 3-lobed and 3-celled), adnate singly to the 


30 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. -*% 
base of bifid bracts, which resemble the leaves in texture. Sporse 
oblong, rather curved, with a single apical rib. A single species. 


T. rannensis Bernh. in Schrad. Journ. 1800, ii. 181, tab. 2, 
fig. 5; Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. t. 252; Hook. et Bauer Ic. Fil. t. 
86. TJ. Forsterti and Billardiert Endlich. Psilotum truncatum 
R. Br. —Rootstock creeping. Stems usually simple, 4-2 ft. long, 
slender, angular, naked towards the base. Leaves moderately lax, 
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, produced on the upper side in the 
lower half, obtuse, mucronate, 4-1 in. long, with a distinct midrib 
and decurrent base. Bracts taking the place of ordinary leaves, 
deeply bifurcate, shortly petioled. Sporangia $—} in. long. 


Hab. Australia, New Zealand and Polynesia. 


4, Pstmotum* Sw. 


Sporangia rigidly coriaceous, turbinate, umbilicate at the apex, 
3-lobed, 3-celled, splitting vertically down the centre of each lobe, 
placed singly free in the axils of rudimentary leaves all down the 
branches. Spores oblong, rather curved, one-ribbed.  Rootstock 
wiry, short-creeping. Stems simple in the lower half, copiously 
dichotomously branched upwards. Leaves minute, laxly disposed, 
trifarious or distichous. 


1. P. rriquetrum Sw. Syn. Fil. 117; Schk. Cap t. 1656; 
Hook. et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 87; Fil. Exot. t. 63. P. floridanum 
Michx. P. dichotomum Link. P. nudum Griseb. Bernhardia 
dichotoma Willd. Lycopodium nudum Linn.—Whole plant 4-2 ft. 
long, erect or suberect; branches triquetrous, many times 
dichotomously forked, the ultimate branchlets 4-4 lin. diam. 
Leaves placed laxly on the angles of the branchlets, ovate, very 
minute, ascending, rigidly coriaceous. SBracts a little smaller than 
the proper leaves. _ 

Hab. Tropical regions of both hemispheres, extending to Florida, Japan, 
and New Zealand. P. capillare Blume is a variety with indistinctly triquetrous 


branchlets. I include here Bernhardia floridana, mariana, capensis, antillarum, 
indica, nove-hollandia, mascarenica, oahuensis and Deppeana of Karl Muller. 


2. P. compranatum Sw. Syn. Fil. 188, 414, tab. 4, fig. 5; 
Schk. Crypt. t. 165b. P. flaccidum Wall. P. Zollingert Cesati. 
Bernhardia complanata, Schiedeana califorciea, ramulosa and Zollin- 
gert K. Muller.—General habit of P. triquetrum but pendulous and 
more laxly branched, the ultimate branchlets flat, with a distinct 
midrib, 1-12th to 16th in. broad, and the leaves and sporangia 
arranged distichously. 


Hab. Similar in its distribution to the other species, but less common. 
P. flaccidum Wall. is a large lax variety, with broader branchlets than the type. 


*For further information see an elaborate memoir by Count Solms 
Laubach, in vol iv. of the ‘Annals of the Botanic Gardens of Buitenjorg,’ 
p- 139, tabs. 18—23; and a paper by Karl Muller in Bot. Zeit. 1856, pp. 217, 
233, tab. 7. 


—". 


*- SELAGINELLACER. 31 


. fv. << of 


Order 8.—SELAGINELLACEA. 


Sporangia of two kinds, macrosporangia and microsporangia, 
not contained in any exterior wrapper, but placed in the axils of 
altered or unaltered leaves upon a produced or condensed stem, 
either free or imbedded in their substance, dehiscent or indehiscent, 
monoicous or rarely dioicous. Microspores very minute, dust-like, 
always very many in one microsporangium. Macrospores much 
larger, globose, generally chalk-white, few or many to each macro- 
_ sporangium, furnished with three ribs which radiate from tho apex 
: and developing a minute female prothallium, which remains 

permanently attached to the spore. Two genera of very different 
- habit. 


=~ alia he ~—o .. 


1. Senacinetua (P. B.) Spring.* 


Sporangia rainute, orbicular, laterally compressed, membranous, 
1-celled, inserted in the axils of bracts so as to form a dense spike 
at the end of the leafy branches, the microsporangia numerous, 
the macrosporangia few and confined to the base of the spike. 
Microsporangia slitting across the top of the broad diameter, con- 
taining numerous dust ike microspores. Macrosporangia usually 
also 2-valved, containing four or fewer macrospores.—Habit entirely 
of Lycopodium, from which it differs by its dimorphic spores and 
sporangia, some of the species small and fugacious, resembling 
— with not more than two vascular bundles in the main 
stem. Stems copiously branched, the ultimate branching usually 
4 flabellato-dichotomous, trailing, suberect, sarmentose or scandent, 
: with the root-fibres confined to the base, or in the trailing species 

extending to the upper notes; in shape more or less distinctly 
uadrangular, the faces angled (stems goniotropous, Spring) or the 
faces flat (stems pleurotropous, Spring); nodes sometimes dis- 
tinctly articulated. Leaves small, furnished only with a single 
central vein, usually tetrastichous and dimorphous, and more or 
less oblique, the two rows t of the lower plane larger and more 
spreading, the two rows of the upper ascending, adpressed to the 
stem and imbricated; in the subgenus Huselaginella multifarious, 
or, if tetrastichous, all alike. Spikes usually tetrastichous and 
often sharply square, but in two subgenera dimorphic on the same 
_ plan as the leaves, but mostly resupinate (7. ¢., the small bracts on 
the same plane as the large leaves, and vice versa). 


* For further information see Spring’s elaborate Monograph in vol. 24 of the 
‘Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Belgium’; Hooker and Greville’s ‘‘ Enume- 
ration,” in Hooker’s ‘ Botanical Miscellany,’ vol. ii., p. 360, and vol. iii., 104; 
A. Braun’s papers in the Reports of the Berlin Garden (especially that reprinted 
in Ann. Sc. Nat., 4th series, vol. 13. p. 54); Triana and Planchon’s ‘Cryptogamia 
of New Granada’; Kuhn’s ‘ Filices Africane’; and in ‘ Monatsbericht der K, 
Preuss. Akad.,’ April, 1865, pp. 185—209. This synopsis is reprinted, with 
additions and alterations, from Britten’s ‘ Journal of Botany,’ 1883—5. 


_ +Spring distinguishes in the dimorphic-leaved species between folia synedra, 
in which the leaves are inserted on the angles of the stem, and folia cathedra, 
in which they are inserted on its faces. 


82 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. - 


Cuavis. 


Subgenus 1. SernacinenLa proper. Ordinary leaves all alike, 
multifarious. Bracts uniform. 


Spikes not sharply square . Sp. 1-5 
Spikes sharply square . . Sp. 6-8 


Subgenus 2. StacnycynanDRum. Ordinary leaves of two kinds 
and spreading in two planes, those of the upper plane smaller 
and more ascending. Bracts uniform. 


Series I. Decumpentes. Dwarf species with the main stem 
decumbent and root fibres extending to its upper nodes. 


Group 1. Microphylle. Persistent species, with leaves of firm 
or moderately firm texture, continuous stems, and leafy 
branches not more than 1-12th—1-8th in. broad. 


Asiatic and European . Sp. 9-17 
African . , § . Sp. 18-25 
American : : . Sp. 26-57 


Group 2. Plumose. Persistent species, with leaves of firm or 
moderately firm texture, continuous stems and leafy 
branches 4-4 in broad. 


Asiatic and Australian . Sp. 58-65 


African . ; : . Sp. 66-74 
American ; : . Sp. 75-101 & 
Country unknown . . ~ Sp. 102 £ 


Group 8. Stolonifere. Persistent species, with articulated stems 
(all but one American) . Sp. 103-120 


Group 4. Apode. Fugacious species, mostly tropical annuals 
of the rainy season, with continuous stems. 


Asiatic . : : . Sp. 121-126 
African : ; . Sp. 128-129 
American : , . Sp. 180-151 


Series II. Ascenpentes. Stems ascending, branched down to 
the base, with the root-fibres confined to the nodes of the 
lower half. 


Group 1. Suberecte. Persistent species, with continuous stems, 
the leaves small, the leafy branches not more than 
1-12th-1-6th in broad. 


Asiatic and Polynesian . Sp. 152-158 
American ‘ 5 . Sp. 159-161 


Group 2. Atrovirides. Persistent species, with continuous 
stems, and broad leafy branches. 


Asiatic . ¥ ' . Sp. 162-168 
African . ; : . Sp. 169 
American : : . Sp. 170-182 


Country unknown ~ . Sp. 183 


SELAGINELLACE, 33 


Group 8. Articulate. Persistent species, with articulated 
- stems (all American) . Sp. 184-188 


Group 4. Radiate. Fugacious species, mostly tropical annuals 
of the rainy season, with unjointed stems. 


Old World . : . Sp. 182-195 
New World . . Sp. 196-208 


Series III. Rosunatr#. Stems densely tufted, curling up in 
drought, sometimes, but not always, branched down to the 
base, the root-fibres confined to the base. 


Old World . : . Sp. 204-208 
New World . P . Sp. 209-213 


Series IV. Sarmentosa. Persistent species, with elongated stems 
branched nearly or quite down to the base. 


Asiatic and Polynesian. Sp. 214-224 
American . : . Sp. 225 


Series V. Scanpentes. Persistent species, with wide-climbing 
continuous stems . . Sp. 226-228 


Series VI. Caunescentes. Persistent species, with erect stems, 
simple in the lower part, decompound and frond-like up- 
wards, the root-fibres confined to the base. 


Group 1. Filabellate. Stems continuous. 


Asiatic : ; . Sp. 229-247 
_ African , ‘ . Sp. 248-251 
American . ; . Sp. 252-264 


Group 2. Geniculate. Stems articulated (all American). 
Sp. 265-268 


Subgenus 8. Homostacuys. Ordinary leaves of two kinds, and 
spreading in two planes. Bracts also dimorphous, the smaller 
bracts in the same plane as the smaller, more ascending 
leaves ; ; A . Sp. 269-270 


Subgenus 4. Hetrrostacuys. Ordinary leaves of two kinds, and 
j spreading in two planes. Bracts also of two kinds, but the 
spikes resupinate (7. e., the smaller bracts in the same plane as 

the larger leaves, and vice versd). 


—— Group 1. Bisulcate. Persistent species, with decumbent con- 
g tinuous main stems. 
All Asiatic . i . Sp. 271-274 


Group 2. Proniflore. Fugacious species, with decumbent con- 
tinuous main stems. 


Asiatic and Polynesian. Sp. 275-290 
American . ; . Sp. 291-294 


34 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Group 8. Brachystachye. Persistent species with continuous 
ascending stems. : 
Asiatic : : : . 295-297 
African : : } . 298-299 


Group 4. Suberose. Fugacious species, with continuous ascend- 
ing stems. 


Asiatic and Polynesian. Sp. 300-318 
African ; : . Sp. 819-325 
American . : . Sp. 826-334 


Subgenus I.—SELAGINELLA PROPER. 


1. S. sprnosa P. B. Aithog. 112. 8S. spinulosa A. Br. S. 
selaginoides Link. Lycopodium selaginoides Linn.; Schk. Krypt. t. 
165; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 52; Eng. Bot. t. 1148. JL. ciliatum 
Lam.—Barren stems short, trailing, slender, little branched, with 
short ascending branches. Leaves lax and spreading on the lower 
part of the barren branches, dense and ascending upwards, 
lanceolate, 4-1 lin. long, acute, bright green, ciliated, thin but 
moderately firm in texture; midrib obscure. Fertile stems erect, 
simple, 2-3 in. long, with a leafy peduncle about as long as the 
spike. Spike multifarious; bracts lax, ascending, lanceolate or 
ovate-lanceolate, 4-4 in. long, similar to the leaves in texture, 
strongly ciliated, not acutely keeled. 


Hab. Arctic and temperate zones of Europe and North America, in damp 
places. 


2. S. pertexa Bracken. Fil. Amer. Expl. Expedit. 832,t.45.— 


Stems tufted, flexuose, ascending, stramineous, 3-4 in. long, 
simple or little branched. Leaves multifarious, crowded, uniform, © 
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, under a line long, acute, strongly 
reflexed, thin but firm in texture, conspicuously bristle-ciliated. 
Spikes 1-14 in. long, 4 in. diam., sessile; bracts similar to the 
leaves in shape, texture and ciliation, but larger, the lower 
patent, the upper ascending. 
Hab. Sandwich Islands, Dr. Hildebrand 


3. 8. Prersstana Spring Mon. ii. 61. Lycopodium gracillimum ~ 
Kunze Farnn. tab. 100, fig. 2. L. musciforme F. M.—Stems tufted, 
very slender, square, stramineous, erect, 1-2 in. long including 
the spike, usually simple. Leaves uniform, lax, spreading, 
decussate, lanceolate, about 4 lin. long, not ciliated, thin but 
moderately firm in texture, acute, with a distinct midrib. Spikes 
+ lin. diam., reaching down nearly to the base of the stems; bracts 
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, ascending, imbricated, acutely keeled. 

Hab. West Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania, in damp ground. ’ 


4, §. uniernosa Spring. Mon. 1. 60. Lycopodium uliginosum 
Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 154. t. 251. — Stems densely tufted, 
slender, pale, square, 8-12 in. long, with several ascending laxly 
pinnately arranged simple or forked branches in the upper half. 
Leaves lax, decussate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 4-1 lin. long, 


.* 


SELAGINELLACEZ. 85 


acute, thin but firm in texture, spreading or rather ascending, 
entire. Spikes copious, sessile at the end of the branches, 
4-1 in. long, 14-2 lin. diam.; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 
much imbricated, similar to the leaves in texture, acutely keeled. 


Hab. East ee frequent from Queensland to Victoria and Tasmania, 
in swamps. 


5. S. pumita Spring Mon. ii. 60. Lycopedium pumilum Schlecht. 
Adumb. 6. t. 3. L. pygmeum Kaulf.; Kunze Farnn. t. 100, fig. 1. 
L. bryoides Kaulf.—Stems tufted, very slender, stramineous, erect 
or decumbent, if the former not more than 2-3 in. long, simple or 
distantly pinnate, with short simple ascending branches. Leaves 
very lax, spreading, ovate or lanceolate, acute, 4-1 lin. long, pale 
ereen, very thin and membranous in texture, not ciliated. Spikes 
terminal, }-4 in, long, 1-12th to 1-8th in. diam.; bracts deltoid, 
acute, imbricated, erecto-patent, } lin. long, convex on the back, 
but not acutely keeled. 


Hab. Cape Colony, in shady and damp places. L. pyymeum Kaulf. is a 
form with short tufted erect stems and smaller narrower leaves; L. bryoides 
Kaulf. a form with longer trailing stems and broader larger less acute leaves. 


6. S. rupestris Spring in Fl. Bras.i.118. Lycopodium rupestre 
Linn.; Schk. Krypt. t. 165; Raddi Fil. Bras. t. 4 bis, fig. 2. 
L. bryopteris Wall., non Linn.; L. Dregei Presl.—Dill. Muse. t. 68, 
fig. 11. — Stems densely tufted, decumbent or ascending, reaching 
4-1 ft. long, with distant pinnately arranged simple or slightly 
compound branches. Leaves dense, multifarious, uniform ascend- 
ing, densely imbricated, linear or linear-lanceolate, 4-1 lin. long, 
with a distinct transparent awn, pale green, convex and sulcate on 
the back, rigid in texture, strongly clliated. Spikes square, 
| _ sessile, 3-1 in. long, 4 lin. diam.; bracts rigid, ovate-lanceolate, 
acute, much imbricated, acutely keeled. 

a Hab. North and south temperate zone of both the Old and New Worlds; 
also on the Andes, Himalayas, and mountains of Brazil and Ceylon. The most 
Z widely spread species of the genus, but not known in Europe. Milde Fil. Eur. 
262, defines ten varieties. S. tortipila A. Br., from the mountains of South 
| Carolina, is a dwarf form with leaves more gibbous on the back, short cilia, and 
a a sudden denticulate awn. L. struthioloides Nutt., from California, has also 
very thick short leaves and a sudden awn, combined with a suberect habit and 
and more compound branches than usual. L. bryoides Nutt. is a very dwarf 
- form with decumbent main stems, with short close stout ascending leafy 
___ branches. 
7. S. ornecana Eaton in 8. Wats. Bot. Calif. 850. — Stems 
pendent, flaccid, 1-6 feet long, pinnate, much branched. Leaves 
uniform, linear-lanceolate, green, convex and grooved on the back, 
i sparsely denticulate, scarcely a line long, acute but not brictle: 
tipped. Spikes square, very slender, resembling the sterile 
branchlets. 


: Hab. Oregon, hanging from branches, in moist forests, in dense masses. 
| Discovered by General Kautz in 1855. 


8. §. saneurnotenta Spring Mon. ii. 57. Lycopodium sanguino- 
_lentum Linn. Sp. 1567; Amoen. Acad. ii. 363, tab. 4, fig. 26. — 
Stems densely matted, often forked at the base, very slender, 


*, 


36 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


bright red, spreading or ascending, reaching } ft. or more in 
length, copiously pinnately branched, the branches short, ascending 
and again compound. Leaves decussate, oblong, obtuse, with a 
minute cusp, } lin. long, ascending, thick in texture and convex 
on the back, pale green. Spikes 4-1 in. long, } lin. diam., square ; 
bracts thick, deltoid, acute, } lin. long, much imbricated, acutely 
keeled. 


Hab. Eastern Siberia, in rocky mountainous situations, and discovered 
lately by Dr. Aitchison in the Kurram Valley, in Afghanistan. 


Subgenus I].—SracuyeynanypDRuM. 
Series [.—DrcumBeEntEs. 
Group 1.—Microphylle. 


9. S. caHsprrosa Spring Mon. u. 90. Lycopodium cespitosum 
Blume. — Stems very slender, trailing, matted, 2-3 in. long, 
pinnately branched, the branches slightly compound. ‘Leaves of 
the lower plane close, suborbicular, obtuse, 4 lin. long, firm and 
rigid in texture, pale green, entire, subdecurrent on the upper side 
at the base, flat, with a distinct midrib; those of the upper plane 
much smaller, obovate, obtuse. Spikes unknown. 


Hab. Mountains of Java. Most like S. rotundifolia, but the leaves are 
crowded and firmer in texture. 


10. S. Mariesir Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 44.—Stems densely 
matted, very slender, trailing, 2-3 in. long, green or bright red, 
distantly pinnately branched, the branches slightly compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane spreading, spaced except the uppermost, 
oblique-oblong, 4 lin. long, obscurely pointed at the lower corner, | 
moderately firm in texture, flat, with an obscure midrib, the upper 
side cordate and ciliated at the base, where it is imbricated over 
the stem, the lower rounded; leaves of upper plane half as long, 
oblique-ovate, subacute, ascending. Spikes short, square, 4 lin. 
diam.; bracts ovate, acute, much imbricated, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Japan, in mountain woods, Maries! Midway between denticulata 
and delicatissima. 

11. S. vacinata Spring Mon. ui. 87. — Stems densely matted, 
pale, trailing, 2-8 in. long, with distant erecto-patent slightly 
compound branches. Leaves of the lower plane close, erecto- 
patent, oblique ovate-lanceolate, acute, } lin. long, much incurved, 
firm in texture, ciliate-denticulate on all the edge, cordate and 
more conspicuously ciliated on the upper side at the base, where it 
is much imbricated over the rachis, a little rounded on the lower 
side; midrib obscure; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
ascending, imbricated, ovate-cuspidate. Spikes copious, sessile, 
square, 4-} in. long, #lin. diam. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly 
keeled. 


* The descriptions of the leaves of the dimorphous species must be 
understood, unless it is otherwise expressly stated, to refer to those of the 
middle and lower part of the branches; not to those of the main stem, which, 
especially in the decompound species, often differ widely from those of the 
branches in shape and direction. 


SELAGINELLACE. or 


Hab. Bootan and Khasia Mountains, Griffith! Manipur, Watt 5853 | 
Moulmein, Parish 148! Neilgherries, Perottet! L. ciliare Tayl, MSS. is a form 
with laxer more spreading leaves and longer eilia. 

12. S. penricutata Link, Fil. Berol. 159. Lycopodium denticu- 
latum Linn. Sp. 1569 (Dill. Muse. t. 66, fig. 1a).— Stems 
densely matted, pale, trailing, reaching a length of 4 ft., copiously 
pinnately branched, the lower branches copiously flabellately 
compound. Leaves of lower plane close or slightly spaced, broad 
ovate, oblique, subacute, 3-1 in. long, spreading or erecto-patent, 
-moderately firm in texture, flat, denticulate, cordate on the upper 
side at the base, much imbricated over the stem, rounded on the 
lower ; leaves of upper plane half as long, oblique ovate, cuspidate, 
rather diverging. Spikes sessile, square, about 4 in. long, 4 lin. 
diam. ; bracts ovate, acute, much imbricated, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Mediterranean region from Madeira and the Canaries to Syria. The 
Cape plant included here by Spring is a distinct species. S. Kraussiana, often 
called denticulata in gardens, is totally different. We havea specimen from the 


island of Elba with a distinctly platystichoid spike. The whole plant, in 
exposed places, sometimes turns bright red when old. 


138. §S. monenorica Ruprecht, Beitr. i. 32.— Stems very 
slender, wiry, trailing, reaching a length of 4-1 ft., copiously 
pinnately branched, the short branches copiously flabellately 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded or rather spaced, 
erecto-patent, oblong, oblique, 4 lin. long, firm in texture, broadly 
rounded and ciliated on the upper side at the base, where it is 
imbricated over the stem; midrib distinct; leaves of the upper 
plane half as long, ascending, oblique oblong. Spikes sessile, 
+-t in. long, 2 lin. diam., square; bracts deltoid, acute, crowded, 
with a raised keel. 

Hab, North China; first gathered by Sir G. Staunton between Pekin and 
Jehol. A near ally of S. denticulata. Var. Rossii Baker, from the province of 
Sching-king, differs by its spaced strongly deflexed leaves wlth revolute margins 


and bright crimson old stems. In exposed places the larger leaves are often 
wrapped round the branches, as in vaginata. 


14. §. wenvetica Link Fil. Hort. Berol. 159. Lycopodiwm 
helveticum Linn. Sp. 1568; Schk. Krypt. t. 165; Jacq. Austr. 
t. 196. L. radicans Schrank.— Stems densely matted, slender, 
pale, trailing, 2-3 in. long, forked at the base, distantly pinnately 
branched, with short erecto-patent slightly compound branches. 
Leaves of the lower plane spreading, close or slightly spaced, 
oblong or ovate-oblong, }—3 lin. long, obtuse or subacute, oblique, 
produced on the upper side rounded on both sides at base, 
obscurely ciliated, flat, pale green, moderately firm in texture ; 
leaves of the upper plane oblique ovate, acute, 3 as long, rather 
_ divergent. Spikes distinctly peduncled. $-1 in. long, 1 lin. diam., 
terete; bracts ovate, acute, imbricated, 4 lin. long, thin but firm, 
not acutely keeled. 


Hab. Central Europe, and through Siberia to Persia, North China, and 
Japan. 


15. S. aaexesta Spring Mon. i. 89 — Stems slender, trailing, 
densely matted, about an inch long, 2-8 times dichotomously 
forked. Leaves of lower plane spaced, except at the tip of the 


388 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


branches, oblique ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, 4 lin. long, 
spreading, revolute, dark green, moderately firm in texture, broadly 
rounded on the upper side at the base, not ciliated ; leaves of lower 
plane 4} as long, ovate, acute, ascending, imbricated, distinctly 
keeled. Spikes unknown. 

Hab. Khasia Mountains, on rocks, Griffith. 


16. 8. ornrrHopopioiEs Spring Mon. ii. 98. Lycopodium ornith- 
opodioides Linn. Sp. 1569, as regards the figure of Dillenius cited, 
Hist. Muse. t. 66, fig. 1s, but not the Ceylon plant. L. hispidum 
Willd.—Stems slender, pale, trailing, densely matted, 2-3 in. long, 
copiously pinnately branched, with short erecto-patent flabellately 
compound branches. Leaves of the lower plane close, oblique, 


ovate-lanceolate, about a line long, spreading, flat, acute, moderately 


firm in texture, the midrib distinct in the upper part, the base 
broadly rounded and distinctly ciliated on the upper side, less 


rounded and not ciliated on the lower; leaves of the upper plane 


4+ as long, oblique ovate, acute, ascending, imbricated. Spikes 


short, square, 3 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, much imbricated, 


strongly keeled. 

Hab. Khasia Mountains, Hook. fil. & Thompson! A near ally of S. plumosa, 
well represented in the figure of Dillenius above cited. 

17. S. arasica Baker.—Stems trailing, wiry, 4 ft. long, sending 
out large wiry rootlets, densely intermatted; branches numerous, 
short, copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, 
oblique ovate 1-12 in. long, firm in texture, green with a distinet 
white edge, produced and more rounded at the base on the lower 
side, distinctly ciliated at the very base only; leaves of the upper 
plane oblique ovate, cuspidate, strongly ciliated, about half as long. 
Spikes not seen. 

Hab. Aden, Hunter 257! Intermediate between S. denticulata and 
yemensis. : 

18. S. Barxtyr Baker Fl. Maur. 522.— Stems densely tufted, 
decumbent, not more than an inch long, copiously compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane crowded, spreading, flat, oblong, obtuse, 
+ lin. long, firm in texture, minutely ciliate-denticulate, nearly 
equal-sided, rounded on both sides at the base; leaves of the lower 


plane a third as long, obovate, cuspidate, much imbricated. Spikes - 


3-1 in. long, $lin. diam., square ; bracts deltoid-cuspidate, crowded, 
strongly keeled. 

Hab. Round Island, off the coast of Mauritius, Sir H. Barkly! A near 
ally of S. obtusa. 

19. §. oprusa Spring Mon. ii. 200. 8. viridula and pusilla 
Spring. Lycopodium obtusum Desy. L. pusillum Desy. L. viri- 
dulum Bory. L. umbrosum Willd.—Stems trailing, pale, square, 
with an angled facc, 2-4 in. long, copiously pinnately branched, 


the branches short, the lower deltoid, copiously compound. Leaves 
of the lower plane close, spreading, ovate-deltoid, 3-1 lin. long, ~ 


bright green, obtuse, moderately firm in texture, flat, very unequal- 
sided, minutely ciliate-denticulate, broadly rounded on the upper 
side at the base and much imbricated over the stem, cuneate- 


—” = Po. 


. 
re ee, oo 


SELAGINELLACEA. 39 


truncate on the lower side; leaves of the lower plane a third as long, 
obovate, with a cusp nearly as long as the blade. Spikes square, 
3-Lin. long, 4 lin. diam. ; bracts deltoid-cuspidate, crowded, acutely 
keeled. 


Hab. Mountain rocks of Mauritius, Bourbon, and Madagascar. 


20. S. Mirrentt Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 81.—Stems densely 
intermatted, trailing, 14-2 in. long, tripinnate, with several erecto- 
patent main branches. Leaves bright green, moderately firm in 
texture, those of the lower plane cordate-ovate, subacute, 1-12th in. 
long, strongly denticulate all down the upper margin, with a central 
midrib, contiguous or rather imbricated on the branchlets; leaves 
of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, acute. Spikes 
copious, 4-angled, not more than +in. long; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 
much imbricated, } lin. long, strongly keeled, conspicuously denti- 
culate on the margins. 

Hab. Usassura Mountains, Central Africa, Bishop Hannington! 


21. S. Batrourn Baker Fl. Maur. 522.—Stem trailing, densely 
matted, 3-4 in. long, forked low down, distantly pinnate, with short 
copiously compound lower branches. Leaves of lower plane spaced, 
except at the tips of the branchlets, patent, oblong, obtuse, }—3 lin. 
long, entire, not ciliated, flat, rather rigid in texture, pale green, 
the lower edge parallel with the midrib, the upper convex and 
broadly rounded at the base; leaves of the upper plane a third as 
long, obovate-cuspidate, much imbricated, strongly keeled through- 
out. Spikes 4+-} in. long, square, $ lin. diam.; bracts orbicular- 
cuspidate, crowded, strongly keeled, not much longer than the 
sporangia. 


Hab. Rodriguez, on the coralline limestone, Dr. I. B. Balfour! A near 
ally of S. obtusa. 


22. S. Weutwitscar Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 81.—Stems 
densely matted, trailing, 2-3 in. long, distantly pinnately branched, 
the lower branches slightly compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
crowded on the branches, ascending, ovate, acute, slightly unequal- 
sided, + lin. long, incurved, moderately firm in texture, ciliate- 
denticulate on all the margins, cordate and more strongly ciliated 
on the upper side at the base, rounded on the lower side; midrib 
distinct from base to tip; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, 
ascending, imbricated, ovate, acute. Spikes unknown. 


Hab. Angola, on dry rocks of the Pedras of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch 
43! A close ally of S. vaginata. 


} 23. S. somauiensis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 82. — Stems 

wiry, wide-trailing, terete, 3-1 ft. long, dichotomously forked, the 
forks copiously pinnate, the short distant branches copiously 
flabellately compound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded on the 
branchlets, patent, ovate-lanceolate, 4 lin. long, subacute or sub- 
obtuse, flat, not incurved, mederately firm in texture, not very 
unequal-sided, the midrib distinct, both sides, especially the upper, 
furnished with conspicuous unequal cilia, the upper side broadly 
rounded at the base and much imbricated over the rachis ; leaves 


40 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


of the upper plane half as long, ovate, acute, cuspidate, much 
imbricated. Spikes unknown. 


Hab. Mountains of Somali-land, 1500—6000 ft., Hildebrandt 1484! A 
near ally of S. mongholica and yemensis. 


24. §. catHeprirontia Spring Mon. ii. 112.— Stems slender 
trailing, pale, flat on the face, reaching a length of 4-1 ft., 
copiously pinnately branched, with copiously compound short 
branches. Leaves of the lower plane close, spreading, ovate, acute 
4-1 lin. long, bright green, flat, not very firm in texture, broadly 
rounded and strongly ciliated on the upper side at the base; leaves 
of the upper plane 4 as long, much imibnigusen, ovate, with a long 
cusp. Spikes square, +-} in. long, 3 lin. diam.; bracts crowded, 
ovate-lanceolate, acute, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Upper Guinea at Princes Island, Fernando Po, Old Calabar, &c. 
Var. minor A. Br., gathered by Welwitsch in Angola on the hills of Pungo 
Adongo, differs by its shorter much less compound stems. A near ally of S. 
ornithopodioides. 

25. S. ecumnata Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. inedit.—Stems 
decumbent, 3-4 in. long, copiously tripinnate ; branches of all 
grades laxly disposed, erecto-patent; ultimate branchlets very 
short, 1-12th in. diam., leaves included. Leaves very dense, pale 
rigid, those of the lower plane erecto-patent, ovate or ovate- 
lanceolate, with a pale horny cusp, strongly ciliated ; those of the 
lower plane narrower, densely imbricated, ascending, squarrose. 
Spikes not seen. 

Hab. Central Madagascar, Baron 4426! A very distinct species. 


26. S. arenartiA Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 82.—Stems filiform, 
intermatted, very slender, trailing, angled on the face, 1-2 in. long, 
the ascending pinnately- arranged branches simple or forked. 
Leaves of the lower plane ascending and contiguous both on the 
main stem and branches, oblique broad ovate, ‘acute, 4 lin. long, 
bright green, moderately firm in texture, more produced on the 
upper side of the midrib, cordate and ciliated on the upper side at 
the base and imbricated over the stem ; leaves of the upper plane 
4+ as long, oblique ovate, acute, much imbricated. Spikes short, 
square, } lin. diam.; bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Cataract of Panure, on the Rio Uapes, in sandy places liable to 
inundation, Spruee 2861! 

27. S. vaupEeritosa Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 82. —Stems 
slender, trailing, densely intermatted, 2-3 in. long, with several 
ascending ireegular simple or slightly compound branches. Leaves 
of the lower plane spaced on the main stem, contiguous on the 
branches, ovate, acute, firm in texture, erecto-patent, subequilateral, 
1 lin. long, conspicuously ciliated up to the apex, especially on the 
anterior border ; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique 
ovate, slightly imbricated. Spikes short, square, # lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate-lanceolate, suberect. 

Hab. Demerara; ravine near the Kaieteur Savanna, Jenman 1484 ! 


28. S. rupercutata Spruce; Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 83.— 
Stems densely intermatted, trailing, filiform, 4-1 in. long, with a 


SELAGINELLACES. 41 


few spreading simple pinnately-arranged branches. Leaves of the 
lower plane ascending, the upper contiguous, the lower slightly 
spaced, ovate-oblong, quite obtuse, not more than +lin. long, bright 
green, moderately firm in texture, concave on the face, the midrib 
not reaching the tip, nearly equal-sided, the upper side cordate and 
distinctly ciliated at the base and imbricated over the stem; leaves 
of the upper plane 4 as long, oblique-ovate, acute, not cuspidate, 
much imbricated. Spikes not seen. 


Hab. Rocks at the Panuré Falls, on the Rio Uapes, Spruce 2940! <A very 
distinct and beautiful little species. 


29. S. Brevirotia Baker in Journ. Bot. 18838, 83. — Stems 
slender, trailing, 14-2 in. long, much intermatted, closely pinnate, 
the branches regularly erecto- patent, the lower considerably com- 
pound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded down to the base of the 
main stem, erecto-patent, oblique ovate, acute, not more than + lin. 
long, bright green, firm and rather rigid in texture, much dilated 
on the upper side of the midrib, nearly as broad as long, strongly 
ciliated and much imbricated over the stem on the upper side at 
the base ; leaves of the upper plane 4 as long, oblique ovate, much 
imbricated, shortly cuspidate. Spikes sharply square, 4 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Rio Negro, on rocks by the Janaraté cachoeira, forming large 
patches, Spruce 2547! 

30. S. BRevicautis Baker in Journ Bot. 1888, 838. — Stems 
densely tufted, procumbent, 3-1 in. long, copiously branched. 
Leaves of the lower plane crowded, much imbricated, erecto- 
patent, linear-oblong, obtuse, 4 lin. long, green, moderately firm in 
texture, the midrib distinct and central, both sides conspicuously 
ciliated, the upper broadly rounded at the base and much imbri- 
cated over the rachis; leaves of the upper plane oblique ovate, 
acute, a third as long, much imbricated. Spikes very short, 
square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Eastern Cuba, near Monte Verde, C. Wright 941! 


31. 5. micropHytia Spring Mon. i. 88. S. thuyefolia Spring. 
Lycopodium microphyllum H. B. K.—Stems densely matted, trailing, 
2-3 in. long, copiously pinnately branched, the lower branches 
copiously compound. Leaves scarcely dimorphous, those of the 
lower plane erecto-patent or adpressed to the stem, ovate, acute, 
+ lin. long, dark green, firm in texture, nearly equal-sided, cordate, 
on both sides at the base, ciliated on both margins, the midrib 
obscure; leaves of the upper plane scarcely smaller, oblong, cuspidate, 
distinctly nerved, ascending, imbricated. Spikes 4-4 in. long, 
square, 4 in. diam. ; bracts crowded, ovate-cuspidate, strongly 
keeled. 

Hab. Tropical America on mountain rocks; Guatemala, Bernouilli 955! 
New Granada, Moritz 369! Lindig 1519! Ecuador, Spruce 4787! Brazil, 
Lindberg 682! Glaziow 7967! Cordoba, Hieronymus! A near ally of S. san- 
guinolenta. I cannot help thinking that S. Swartzii Spring Mon. ii. 89, is this 
species, and the locality ‘‘ India orientalis’ a mistake. 


32. S. renuissima Fée Fil. Bras. Suppl. 98 t. 108, fig. 1.— 


42 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Stems densely matted, trailing, 3-6 in. long, very slender, pale, 
angled on the face, forked, distantly pinnately branched, the branches 
little compound. Leaves of the lower plane decidedly spaced, 
spreading, pale green, rather rigid in texture, obligue oblong, 
subobtuse, $ lin. long, much more produced on the upper side of 
the distinct midrib, rounded and shortly ciliated at the base on the 
upper side, not imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane 
half as long, oblong, with a long cusp, but little imbricated. Spikes 
very short, nearly as broad as the leafy branches; bracts ovate 
cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Mountains near Rio Janeiro, Glaziou 4484! 4486! 4499! S. serpens 


Fee Fil. Bras., Suppl. 99, is a form of this and totally different from Spring’s 
West Indian plant. 


33. 8. Linpennt Spring Mon. i. 118.— Stems trailing, very 
slender, 3-6 in. long, subterete, pmnately branched, the branches 
short and but slightly compound. Leaves of the lower plane oblong- 
lanceolate, obtuse, crowded, spreading, 2-1 lin. long, bright green, 
moderately firm in texture, more produced on the upper side of the 
distinct midrib, ciliated on the upper margin of the lower half, 
produced at the base on the upper side, and so much imbricated 
over the branch that it is quite hidden; leaves of the upper plane 
very small, ovate, acute, quite erect. Spikes very short, square; 
bracts ovate-lanceolate. 

Hab. In Mexico, near Teapa, Linden! Like S jungermannioides on a 
small scale. 

34. §. pexicatissmma A. Br. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. vol. 18,- 
p. 60.—Stems densely matted, very slender, stramineous, trailing 
to a length of 6-12 in., forked and copiously pinnately branched, 
the branches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced 
except at the tip of the branches, patent, oblong, obtuse, moderately 
firm in texture, more produced on the upper side of the distinct 
midrib, broadly rounded and densely ciliated on the upper side at 
the base; leaves of the upper plane 4 as long, oblong, acute, 
strongly auricled on the outer side at the base. Spikes unknown. 

Hab. Frequent in cultivation, the native country not known, but probably 
Andine. Introduced by Linden. The leaves and tips of the branches curl up 
readily in drought. 

35. S. Jameson Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 97.—Stems very 
slender, trailing, stramineous, 8-6 in. long, suleate on both faces, 
forked and distantly pinnately branched, with slightly compound 
ascending branches. Leaves dimorphous, those of the lower plane 
lax except towards the tip of the branches, erecto-patent, ovate- 
oblong, subobtuse, } lin. long, moderately firm in texture, more 
rounded on the lower side of the distinct midrib, cuneate on both 
sides at the base, obscurely ciliated; leaves of upper plane half as 
long, oblong, acute, ascending. Spikes very short, 3 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate, thin in texture, strongly keeled, acute, but not 
cuspidate. 

Hab. Andes of Ecuador near Quito, Jameson! Sodiro! A near ally of S. 
delicatissima, 


SELAGINELLACES. 48 


36. S. panurEensis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 97. — Stems 
densely matted, 1-2 in. long, distantly pinnately branched, the 
branches simple or slightly compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
crowded, erecto-patent, oblong-lanceolate, }—3 lin. long, obtuse or 
subacute, flat, moderately firm in texture, the distinct midrib 
nearly central, the base on the upper side not cordate nor im- 
bricated over the stem, not ciliated ; leaves of the upper plane half 
as long, oblong, acute, not cuspidate, much imbrieated, strongly 
keeled. Spikes short, square, 4 lin. diam. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 
crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Panuré, on the Rio Uapes, North Brazil, Spruce 2861! 


37. S. vestrens Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 97.—Stems densely 
matted, about an inch long, forked and copiously pinnately 
branched, with short 2-3-furcate branches. Leaves of the lower 
plane crowded, oblong-lanceolate, acute, involute, 4-3 lin. long, 
green, moderately firm in texture, more produced on the upper 
side of the distinct midrib, ciliated on both sides near the base, the 
upper cordate and imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper 
plane a third as long, ovate, acute, imbricated. Spikes short, 
copious, square, 4-3 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, crowded, 
strongly keeled. 

Hab. Goyaz, on the Morro de Canto Gallo, on shaded rocks, Burchell! 


88. S. cuapostacuya Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 97. — Stems 
trailing, about an inch long, distantly pinnately branched, the 
short branches usually simple. Leaves of the lower plane ovate- 
lanceolate, subacute, + lin. long, moderately firm in texture, the 
midrib distinct, those of the main stem spreading and rather 
spaced, those of the branches crowded, ascending, imbricated, 
incurved, all the margin shortly ciliated, the upper near the base 
more distinctly so, its base cordate and so much imbricated over 
the stem that the latter is quite hidden ; leaves of the upper plane 
half as long, ovate, acute, imbricated. Spikes very short; bracts 
ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Goyaz, on the Morro de Canto Gallo, with S. vestiens, Burchell ! 


39. S. cavirotia A. Br. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 5, vol. ii1., 272.— 
Stems very slender, pale, trailing, 2-3 in. long, flat on the faces, 
with numerous alternate pinnately-arranged simple or slightly 
compound erecto-patent branches. Leaves of the lower plane 
ascending, suborbicular, obtuse, 4 lin. long, pale green, firm in 
texture, flat, the midrib distinct, the edge denticulate, the upper 
half much more produced, cordate at the base and much 
imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane half as 
long, oblong, acute, much imbricated. Spikes very short, 1 lin. 
diam.; bracts ovate, much imbricated, acute, not cuspidate, 
strongly keeled. 


Hab. Andes of Bogota, Lindig 1511! Well marked by its trailing habit, 
nearly simple branches, and pale close orbicular rigid leaves. 


40. §. rrirurcata Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 98.—Stems very 
slender, pale, trailing, 3-6 in. long, angled on the faces, regularly 


44 _ HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


pinnately branched, with short 2-8-furcate erecto-patent branches, 
Leaves of the lower plane close, spreading, ovate, acute, very 
oblique, 4 lin. long, flat, pale green, firm in texture, denticulate, 
much more produced on the upper side of the distinct midrib, the 
base cordate and much imbricated over the stem; leaves of the 
upper plane half as long, oblong, cuspidate, much imbricated. 
Spikes copious, short, square, lin, diam.; bracts ovate, cuspidate, 
much imbricated, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Panuré, on the Rio Uapes, Spruce! Habit of serpens, but totally 
different in the leaves. 

41. §. cryproc#a Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 99.— Stems 
slender, trailing, densely intermatted, 2-8 in. long, the erecto- 
patent branches simple or little compound. Leaves of the lower 
plane crowded even on the main stem, erecto-patent, oblique 
ovate, acute, 4 lin. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, 
dilated, cordate, strongly ciliated and much imbricated over the 
stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane a 
third as long, oblique ovate, acute, much imbricated. Spikes 
short, sharply square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, crowded, 
strongly keeled. 

Hab. On the ground on the banks of the Rio Uapes, North Brazil, Spruce 
2905! An ally of S. radiata, from which it differs by its short decumbent 
stems and crowded leaves. 

42. §. caveNNENSIS Baker.— Stems about 2 in. long, densely 
intermatted, very slender, copiously pinnate ; branchlets $in. diam, 
Leaves bright green, moderately firm in texture; those of the 
lower plane contiguous on the branchlets, oblique oblong, obtuse, 
3 lin, long, more produced and more rounded at the base of the 
upper side of the midrib; leaves of the lower plane half as long, 
much imbricated, ovate, acute. Spikes not seen. 

Hab. French Guiana; cataract of Bradel, Leprieur 157! 


43. §. rarapotensis Baker in Journ. Bot. 18838, 98.—Stems 
trailing, 3-6 in. long, subterete on back and face, copiously 
pinnate, the lower branches elongated and copiously compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane close or rather spaced, oblong-lanceolate, 
acute, #-1 lin. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, more 
produced on the upper side of the distinct midrib, shortly rigidly 
ciliated in the lower half of the upper edge, broadly rounded at its 
base and somewhat imbricated over the branch; leaves of the 
upper plane half as long, suborbicular, with a very long cusp. 
Spikes' copious, square, +-} in. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts very 
dense, ovate cuspidate. 

Hab. In North West Peru on Mont Campana, and Mont Guayrapurima 
near Tarapota, Spruce 4625! 

44, §. acantHostacuys Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 99.—Stems 
very slender, trailing, angled on both back and face, 2-4 in. long, 
copiously pinnate, the branches copiously compound. Leaves of the 
lower plane oblong-lanceolate, acute, 4—% lin. long, bright green 
and moderately firm in texture, ascending, spaced, except at the 
tip of the branchlets, a little more produced on the upper side of 


vl 


he ae 


SELAGINELLACE. 45 


the distinct midrib, its edge shortly rigidly ciliated, its base very 
cordate and much imbricated over the branch ; leaves of the upper 
plane 4-3 as long, oblique ovate, cuspidate, incurved. Spikes 
copious, square, 3-1 in. long, 4-3 lin. diam.; bracts ovate- 
lanceolate, rigid, very acuminate. 

Hab. In North West Peru, on Mont Campana, Spruce ! 


45. §. pracnyctapa Baker. — Stems trailing, densely inter- 
matted, 2-8 in. long, copiously pinnate; branches short and but 
little compound, 1-12-1-8th in. diam. Leaves bright green, thick 
and firm in texture; those of the lower plane close on the 
branchlets, oblique-ovate, 1-16th in. long, subacute, much pro- 
duced on the upper side of the midrib, very cordate at the base and 
much imbricated over the stem; leaves of the lower plane half as 
long, broad ovate, ascending, imbricated. Spikes not seen. 

Hab. British Guiana; foot of the Kaieteur, Jenman 1481! 


46. S. Jenmant Baker.—-Stems trailing, densely intermatted, 
3-4 in. long, copiously pinnate ; lower branches with several short 
simple branchlets 3-4 in. diam. Leaves bright green, moderately 
firm in texture, those of the lower plane close on the branchlets, 
very oblique ovate, 3-1 lin. long, much produced on the upper side 
of the distinct midrib, very cordate at the base and imbricated over 
the stem, rounded at the base on the lower side and not imbricated 
over the stem; apex deltoid; leaves of the upper plane rather 
shorter, ovate, erecto-patent, strongly keeled. Spikes not seen. 

Hab. British Guiana; foot of the Kaieteur, Jenman 1480! 


47. §. previres Fée Fil. Bras. 226, tab. 75, fig. 1.——Stems 
trailing, 4-6 in. long, flat on the back, convex on the face, copiously 
pinnate, the lower branches elongated and copiously compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane crowded, spreading or rather ascending, 
oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 3-1 ln. long, bright green and mode- 
rately firm in texture, much more produced on the upper side of 
the midrib, shortly rigidly ciliated towards the base, where it is 
cordate and much imbricated over the branch; leaves of the upper 
plane 4-3 as long, broad ovate, with a long cusp. Spikes square, 
4-3 in. long, 3 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. On the Tejuca Mountains, near Rio Janeiro, Burchell 3008! Serra 
das Orgaos, Glaziou 2241 ! 

48. §. Linpserer Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 99. —- Stems 
trailing, intermatted, 3-6 in. long, terete on the back, angled on the 
face, forked low down, copiously pinnate, the branches ascending, 
the lower copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane close 
or slightly spaced on the branches, spreading, oblong-lanceolate, 
‘subacute, 3-1 lin. long, more produced on the upper side of the 
midrib, with a strongly ciliated deeply cordate auricle on the upper 
side which reaches quite across the branch; texture moderately 
firm ; upper border rather revolute; leaves of the upper plane a 
third as long, broad ovate, shortly cuspidate. Spikes copious, 
4-1 in. long, 1 lin. diam., square; bracts ovate, acute, strongly 
keeled. 


Hab. Minas Geraes, Brazil, |Lindberg! In St. Paulo, on the Serra de 
Cubatao, Burchell | 


46 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


49. §. ncurvata Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 99. 8S. vayinata 
Liebm., non Spring. — Stems trailing, 1-3 in. long, copiously 
pinnately branched, with short copiously compound cuneate erecto- 
patent branches. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, ascending, 
oblong-lanceolate, acute, at most a line long, moderately firm in 
texture, more produced on the upper side of the distinct midrib, 
shortly ciliated through the lower half of the upper edge, cordate at 
the base, so that the branch is hidden; leaves of the upper plane 
4-1 as long, ovate, much imbricated, shortly cuspidate. Spikes 
copious, } in. long, 4 lin. diam., not sharply square; bracts ovate- 
lanceolate. 

Hab. Mexico, in the province of Vera Cruz, Liebmann ! 


50. §. serpens Spring Mon. u. 102. 8S. variabilis, varians, 
mutabilis and jamaicensis Hort. Lycopodium serpens Desv.—Stems 
densely matted, quite trailing, reaching a length of 6-9 in., 
copiously pinnately branched, with numerous erecto-patent slightly 
compound branches. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, spreading, 
3 lin. long, ovate-oblong, obtuse, bright green, moderately firm in 
texture, the distinct midrib nearly central, both sides rounded and 
ciliated at the base; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, 
oblique oblong, acute. Spikes square, 4-2 in. long, } lin. diam. ; 
bracts broad ovate-cuspidate, crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. West Indies. Cultivated in gardens since the days of Miller, and 
well known from the change that takes place in the colour of the leaves at 
different times of the day. Spring’s Mexican plant is S. Schiedeana. 

51. §. revotuta Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 141. — Stems 
densely matted, trailing, 1-2 in. long, pale, angled on the face, 
copiously pinnately branched, with short slightly compound branches. 
Leaves of the lower plane spreading, moderately close, oblong- 
lanceolate, acute, 4 lin. long, moderately firm in texture, revolute, 
the midrib nearly central, the upper margin a little more convex 
than the lower, the edges ciliated; those of the upper plane a third 
as long, ovate, acute, much imbricated, strongly ciliated. Spikes 
very short, square, 2 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, much im- 
bricated, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Near Maypures and below San Fernando, on the banks of the 
Orinoco, Spruce 3621! Near S. aggesta of the Himalayas. 

52. S. paruta Spring Mon. i. 97? S. sarmentosa A. Br. 
Lycopodium patulum Swartz? L. nitidum Hook. & Grey. ——- Stems 
slender, pale, trailing, reaching 6-9 in. long, angled on the faces, 
with a long whiplike tip and numerous short alternate pinnately 
arranged branches, with 38-7 branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane 
crowded, erecto-patent, oblong-lanceolate, subacute or subobtuse, 
bright green, moderately firm in texture, the midrib distinct, 
rounded, ciliated and imbricated over the rachis on the upper side 
at the base ; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, 
acute. Spikes }-4} in. long, 4 lin. diam., square; bracts ovate- 
cuspidate, much imbricated, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Jamaica, Bancroft! Wilson! Common in cultivation. Marked at 
a glance from S. serpens by its caudate stem and fewer more compound 
branches. 


SELAGINELLACES. 47 


58. S. Scurepeana A. Br. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 4, vol. xiii., 
62. 8S. fimbriata Liebm., non Spring. S. Liebmanni Fourn. 8S. 
serpens Spring, ex parte.—Stems trailing, pale, square, flat on the 
face, reaching a length of half a foot, forked, copiously pinnately 
branched, the branches short, often with several branchlets. Leaves 
of the lower plane close or rather spaced, oblique oblong, rather 
ascending, bright green, flat, moderately firm in texture, subobtuse, 
ciliated, but little rounded and not imbricated over the stem on the 
upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, 
oblique ovate, cuspidate, imbricated. Spikes short, square; bracts 
ovate-lanceolate, much imbricated, strongly keeled. 

Hab. In Mexico at Passantla, Schiede and Deppe, Liebmann! A near ally 


of S. sertata. 


54. §. sertara Spring Mon. 1. 104. — Stems slender, pale, 
trailing, square, flat on the face, forked and copiously pinnately 
branched, with copiously compound branches. Leaves of the lower 
plane rather ascending, crowded or rather spaced on the branches, 
pale green, moderately firm in texture, oblique-lanceolate 3-1 lin. 
long, flat, subacute, with a distinct midrib, the upper side but little 
rounded at the base and scarcely at all imbricated over the stem; 
those of the upper plane a third as long, oblique oblong, cuspidate. 
Spikes square 3-4 in. long, 4 ln diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 
acute, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Nicoya and Panama, Dr. Sinclair! Although the stems are con- 
tinuous, this has some of the root-fibres anticous. In general habit it closely 
resembles S. plumosa. 

55. §. saccnarata A. Br. in Fil. Nov. Gran. 356. 8S. sanguino- 
lenta Liebm., non Spring. S. Spirillum Liebm.—Stems trailing, 
subterete, 4-1 ft. long, forked and copiously pinnately branched, 
the branches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
ovate or oblong, those of the branches crowded or rather spaced, 
> lin. long, obtuse, flat, moderately firm in texture, pale green, 
turning bright red when old, the distinct midrib nearly central, 
both sides decidedly cordate and strongly ciliated at the base, the 
upper imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane half as 
long, oblique oblong, incurved, acute, much imbricated. Spikes 
4-1 in. long, 2 lin. diam., square; bracts crowded, ovate-lanceolate, 
strongly keeled. 

Hab. Mexico, Schaffner! Liebmann! F. Muller 737! Curls up in 
drought, like S. delicatissima. 


56. §. Dovenasu Spring. Mon. 11. 92. L. Douglassi Hook and 


_Grev. JL. ovalifoliwum Hook. and Grev. Ic. t. 177. — Stems 


trailing, 8-6 in. long, pale, subterete, forked low down, pinnately 
branched, with copiously compound lower branches. Leaves of the 
lower plane crowded or slightly spaced, rather ascending, pale green, 
firm in texture, broad oblong, obtuse, a line long, nearly flat, midrib 
obscure, both sides auricled and ciliated at the base, the upper 
much imbricated over the stem ; leaves of the upper plane half as 
long, oblique oblong, cuspidate. Spikes 3-1 in. long, 4-1 lin. diam. ; 
bracts deltoid, cuspidate, much imbricated, strongly angled on the 
back. 


_ - ee 2 
? . tones 
” me 


48 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Hab. British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington territory. A well 
marked species. 

57. §. ovanis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 148.—Stems slender, 
trailing, above a foot long, terete on the back, angled on the face, 
copiously distantly pinnately branched, the branches short, ascend- 
ing, flabellately compound. Leaves of the lower plane ovate, acute, 
ascending, 4-3 lin. long, crowded on the branches, bright green, 
firm in texture, rather more produced on the upper side of the 
distinct midrib, shortly ciliated through the lower half of the upper 
margin, rounded on both sides at the base, not cordate on the upper, 
but so much imbricated over the branch that it is hidden; leaves 
of the upper plane a third as long, ovate, acute, convergent, much 
imbricated. Spikes unknown. 


Hab. Rapids of the Rio Mauhes, Amazonas, North Brazil, Dr. Traill 
1416 ! 


Group 2.—Plumose. 


58. S. unorvata Spring Mon. 1. 109. Lycopodium uncinatum 
Desy. JL. dilatatwm Hook. & Grev. L. cesium Hort. (Dill. Muse. 
tab. 65, fig. 7).—Stems weak, slender, pale straw-coloured, bisulcate 
on the face, trailing to a length of 1-2 feet, with along excurrent 
tip, and alternate short pinnately arranged copiously compound 
branches. Leaves of the lower plane oblique oblong, subovate, 
1-12th to 1-8th in. long, close or rather spaced on the branches, 
thin in texture, bright blue-green, rather more produced on the 
upper side of the distinct midrib, not ciliated, minutely petioled, 
both sides cordate at the base, the upper scarcely imbricated over 
the stem ; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique oblong, 
cuspidate, much imbricated. Spikes +4 in. long. square. 1 lin. 
diam. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, a line long, crowded, sharply 
keeled. 


Hab. China. Well known in cultivation. 


- 59. S. semicorpata Spring Mon. 1. 107. Lycopodium semi- 
cordatum Wall. ex parte. -— Stems trailing, slender, pale straw- 
coloured, often a foot long, bisulecate on the face, copiously 
pinnately branched, with short densely compound branches. 
Leaves of the lower plane contiguous, spreading or rather ascend- 
ing, oblong-lanceolate, 1-12 to 1-8th in. long, subobtuse or sub- 
acute, paler green and not so firm in texture as in plumosa, nearly 
equilateral, the midrib distinct, the upper side not all dilated at the 
base, not imbricated over the stem, and not ciliated; leaves of 
upper plane a third as long, oblique oblong, cuspidate, much im- 
bricated. Spikes 1-3} in. long, 3-1 lin. diam., square; bracts ovate, 
acute, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Frequent in the East Himalayas, and gathered by Alexander at 
Chusan. S. semicordata of J. Scott’s ‘List of the Higher Cryptogams of the 
Calcutta Garden,’ p. 63, is founded on a plant of Dr. Hamilton’s, included by 
Wallich under his L. semicordatum, which I believe to be a form of S. monospora 
with slightly dimorphic bracts. 

50. §. aurtcutata Spring Mon. ii. 108. 8S. plumosa Presl.— 
Stems trailing, about half a foot long, bisuleate on the face, 


{| 


¥ 


ei 


' SELAGINELLACE. 49 


copiously pinnately branched, the branches but little compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane close, oblong-lanceolate, 1-12th to 1-8th 
in. long, about three times as long as broad, spreading or rather 
ascending, bright green, moderately firm in texture, nearly equi- 
lateral, the midrib distinct, the upper side obscurely ciliated, a 
little dilated at the base, and slightly imbricated over the stem; 
leaves of the upper plane a third as long, broad ovate, distinctly 
cuspidate. Spikes 2-1 in. long, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, 
acute, crowded, sharply keeled. 
Hab. Philippines, Cuming 2013! A near ally of S. plumosa. 


61. S. ausrraurensis Baker in Journ. Bot. 18838, 144. 8S. con- 
cinna Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 678, non Spring.—Stems trailing, 
4-1 ft. long, forked at base, bisulcate on both back and face, 
pinnately branched, with copious compound branches. Leaves of 
the lower plane oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3-4 times as long as 
broad, spreading, close or rather spaced on the branches, 1-12th to 
1-8th in. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, the 
distinct midrib nearly central, the upper side but little dilated at 
the base and scarcely imbricated over the stem, obscurely ciliated ; 
leaves of the upper plane 4-1} as long, ovate, cuspidate, much 


imbricated. Spikes square, 3-1 in. long, 2 lin. diam.; bracts 


crowded, ovate-lanceolate, acutely keeled. 


Hab. In Queensland. at Rockingham Bay, and on the banks of the 
Daintree River, Dallachy! Fitzalan! 


62. §. srispanensis Bailey Suppl. Queensl. Flora, 62. — Stems 
very slender, trailing, 2-3 in. long; branches short, distant, but 
little compound, 4 in. diam. Leaves bright green, moderately firm 
in texture; those of the lower plane spaced out on the branches, 
spreading or rather deflexed, oblique oblong, acute, 1-12th in. long, 
more produced on the upper side of the midrib and broadly - 
rounded at the base; leaves of the upper plane very small, ovate, 
acuminate, ascending. Spikes very short; bracts foliaceous, ovate, 
acute, the lower much longer than the upper. 

Hab. Queensland; banks of the Brisbane River, Bailey ! 


63. S. Baxerrana Bailey Suppl. Queensl. Flora, 62. 9. lepto- 
stachya Bailey, non A. Br.—Stems trailing, 6-9 in. long; lower 
branches copiously compound; branchlets over +in. diam. Leaves 
bright green, moderately firm in texture; those of the lower plane 
spaced on the branches, patent, oblong, obtuse, 1-12th in. long, 
cordate on the upper side at the base; those of the upper plane 


less than half as long, ovate, ascending, acute. Spikes very 


copious, slender, square, 1-2 in. long. 
Hab. Queensland; banks of the Johnstone River, Bailey! Introduced 
lately into cultivation by Mr. Bernays, F.L.S. 


64. S. Commerson1ana Spring Mon. ii. 110.— Stems trailing, 
reaching a foot in length, convex on the back, bisulcate on the face, 
pinnately branched, the branches copiously compound. Leaves of 
the lower plane crowded, subrigid, bright green, a line long, half a 
line broad, oblong-lanceolate, very acute, subequilateral, the base 

E 


50 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


on the upper side shortly ciliated, not dilated; leaves of upper 
plane ovate cuspidate, one-fourth as long. Spikes very short, 
square; bracts ovate-lanceolate, crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Philippines, Commerson. 


65. S. puumosa Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 144. S. radicata 
Spring Mon. ii. 114. S. Rowburghii Spring Mon. ii. 208. S. 
pralonga, tetragonostachya, and pyrrhopus Spring. 8S. stolonifera — 
J. Scott, ex parte, non Spring. Lycopodium plumoswm Linn. herb. 
L. tetrayonostachyum Wall. L. radicatum, prelongum, and Roa- 
burghit Hook, & Grev.; Dill. Muse. tab. 66, fig. 10. — Stems pale, 
trailing, 3-1 ft. long, often forked low down, copiously pinnately 
branched, the branches copiously compound, the faces generally 
flat, the root-fibres extending to the upper nodes. Leaves of the 
lower plane contiguous on the branches, spreading or rather 
ascending, bright green, moderately firm in texture, oblong- or 
ovate-lanceolate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th im. long, much more 
produced on the upper side of the distinct midrib, ciliated on both 
sides at the base, cordate on the ‘upper side and much imbricated 
over the stem; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate, 
cuspidate, much imbricated. Spikes copious, square, +-} in. long, 
4-3 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, strongly keeled. _ 

Var. S. monospora Spring Mon. u. 185. 8S. rugulosa Cesati ; 
Dill. Muse. t. 66, fig. 8.—Habit more robust, the branches more 
compound, the upper part of the stem assurgent, the root-fibres 
usually confined to the nodes of the lower half. Leaves bright 
green, #—+ in. long. 

Var. S. pallida Spring Mon. u. 116. Lycopodinm pallidum 
H. & G.—Leaves shorter, more ovate, pale green. 

Hab. Eastern Himalayas, and Mountains of the Indian Peninsula and 
Ceylon; Birma and the Malay Isles; and extending to South China, San 
Cristoval, J. G. Veitch! and Vanecolla, C. Moore! I cannot separate by any 
definite character S. biformis A. Br. (Philippines, Cwming 2016!). L.prelongum 
H. & G. is a form with long flaccid trailing stems, flagellate at the end, and all 
the branches short; L. tetragonostachyum Wall., a dwarf suberect form with 
leaves between those of the type and var. pallida. Spring’s Bonin plant, men- ~ 
tioned under pallida, is S. boninensis Baker. Var. Hamiltoni Baker (S. semi- 
cordata J. Scott, Calc. List 63, non Spring) is a form of monospora with slightly 
dimorphous bracts, included by Wallich under the same number as Spring’s 
plant. S. flagellifera Hort. Bull., recently introduced from Fiji, is, I think, a 
form of this species. 

66. §. azortca Baker in Journ. Bot. 18838, 213. —- Stems 
trailing, rooting nearly up to the tip, continuous, 2-3 in. long, with 
several short slightly compound branches. Leaves of the lower 
plane contiguous on the branches, oblique oblong, nearly equi- 
lateral, acute, 3 in. long, rounded at the base, serrnlate from base 
to apex along both margins, moderately firm in texture, bright 
green ; leaves of the upper plane much imbricated, more than half 
as long as the others, oblique oblong-lanceolate, cordate on the 
outer side at the base. Spikes not yet seen. 

Hab. Mountains of the Azores, Arruda Furtado! Lately received at Kew 
in a living state. 


67. 5. pEpRessA A. Br. in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1859, 21. 


ma 


SELAGINELLACE. 51 


S. denticulata Spring, ex parte. Lycopodium depressum Sw.—Stems 
matted, trailing, 2-3 in. long, with a few mostly simple branches. 
Leaves of the lower plane spaced, spreading, oblong-lanceolate, © 
subacute, flat, moderately firm in texture, 1-12th in. long, more 
produced on the upper side of the distinct midrib, very cordate, 
strongly ciliated and much imbricated over the stem on the upper 
side at the base; leaves of ene upper plane a third as long, ovate, 
little imbricated. Spikes 3-4 in. long, 1 lin. diam., not regularly 
square ; bracts lanceolate- deltoid, a line long. 

Hab. Cape, Thunberg, Menzies! Orange Free State, Cooper! Natal, 
McKen! This is quite distinct from the European S. denticulata, with which 
Spring combines it. 

68. S. Gouporana Spring Mon. 11. 91.—Stems trailing, czspitose, 
3-6 in. long, pale straw-coloured, terete below, flat on the faces 
upwards, distichously branched, the flabellately compound branches 
under an Hos long. Leaves of the lower plane ovate, acute, a 
line long, 4—2 lin. broad, light green, rather rigid and glossy, flat, 
erecto- -patent, spaced except at the top of the branches, serrulate, 


much dilated on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper 


plane one-fourth as long, ovate acuminate, straight, divergent. 
Spikes unknown. 

Hab. Central Madagascar, near Antananarivo, Goudot. This has not been 
found yet by our English collectors, who have gathered about 200 vascular 
cryptogams in Central Madagascar. 

69. S. FisstipentoipEs Spring Mon. i. 111. Lycopodium fisst- 
dentoides Hook. & Grev.—Stems slender, trailing, pale straw- 
coloured, flat on the faces, copiously pinnately branched, the 
branches copiously flabellately compound. Leaves of lower plane 
ascending, crowded, lanceolate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, 
moderately firm in texture, bright green, more produced on the 


upper side of the distinct midrib, shortly ciliated near the base on 


the upper side, where it is cordate and so much imbricated over 
the branch that the latter is quite covered; leaves of the upper plane 
a third as long, 4-3 lin. diam. ; bracts crowded, ovate-lanceolate, 
strongly keeled. . 

Hab. Seychelles, Madagascar, Johanna Island, and Guinea. S. amphi- 
rhizos A. Br., from Johanna Island, Hildebrandt 1808, seems to be a luxuriant 


form of this species. The Seychelles plant has shorter, paler, less lanceolate 
leaves than the Madagascar type. 


70. §. surcutosa Spring Mon. u. 147. — Stems wide-trailing, 
pale straw-coloured, irregularly angled, a foot long, copiously 
pinnately branched, the short cuneate branches copiously flabel- 
lately compound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, lanceolate, 
very acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, firm in texture, bright green, 
nearly equal on both sides of the distinct midrib, shortly ciliated 
through the lower half of the upper edge, which is a little produced 
at the base, and imbricated over the branch; leaves of upper plane 
a third as long, oblique oblong, with a long cusp, much imbricated. 
Spikes unknown. 


Hab. Mountains of Bourbon, Dr. I. B. Balfour! May be a variety of S. 
concinna, from which it differs by its narrower, acute, nearly equilateral leaves. 


ae 


52 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


71. S. conctnna Spring Mon. uu. 199. Lycopodium concinnum 
Swartz. L. pectinatum Lam., ex parte. L. apiculatum, sinuosum 
and sparsifolium Desv.—Stems trailing, reaching a foot or more in 
length, subterete, often forked low down, copiously pinnately 
branched, the lower branches cuneate and copiously flabellately 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, ascending, oblique 
oblong-lanceolate, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, subacute, bright green, 
glossy, rigid in texture, more produced on the upper side of the 
distinct midrib, the base on the upper side shortly rigidly ciliated, 
and so much dilated that the branch is quite hidden; leaves of the 
upper plane one-third as long, oblique oblong, with a long cusp, 
much imbricated. Spikes }-1 in long, square, 1 lin. diam.; bracts 
ovate, cuspidate, crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Mountains of the Mascaren Islands, especially Mauritius ; Spring’s 


Neilgherry and Ceylon specimens are clearly both S. plumosa. I cannot 
separate S. serrulata Spring Mon. ii. 202 (Lycopodium serrulatum Desv.). 


72. S. secuettarum Baker Fl. Maurit. 523.—Stems slender, 
trailing, about a foot long, bisulcate on the face, lengthened out and _ 
whip-like at the end, forked low down, pinnately branched, with 
short cuneate flabellately compound branches. Leaves of lower 
plane spreading or rather ascending, contiguous on the branchlets, 
spaced on the branches, oblong-lanceolate, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, 
acute, pale green, moderately firm in texture, more rounded on the 
upper side of the distinct midrib, shortly ciliated on both sides low 
down, cordate on the upper side at the base and much imbricated 
over the branch; leaves of upper plane one-third as long, oblique 
oblong, cuspidate. Spikes 4-4 in. long, square, 1 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate, cuspidate, strongly keeled. | 

Hab. Island of Mahé, Seychelles, Horne 157! 


73. S. cupressina Spring Mon. ii. 113, ex parte.—Stems trail- 
ing, quadrangular, 8-12 in. long, bisulcate on the face, the main 
branching pyramidal, the secondary pinnate, with the ends often 
excurrent, the branches pubescent and triquetrous. Leaves of the 
lower plane crowded, oblong-lanceolate, subfaleate, a line long, 
light green, the two sides nearly equally rounded at the base, the 
upper sometimes obscurely ciliated, the midrib sulcate so as to 
appear double; leaves of upper plane half as long, oblong or ovate, 
cuspidate. Spikes square 4-4 in. long; bracts ovate, acutely 
keeled. 


Hab. Bourbon. The Asiatic plant placed here by Spring is S. biformis 
A. Br., which is doubtfully distinct from S. plumosa. 


74. §. noprigvesiana Baker, Fl. Maurit. 523.—Stems trailing, 
slender, pale straw-coloured, bisulcate on the face, reaching a foot 
in length, often forked low down, alternately pinnately branched, 
with short cuneate branches, the lower with 5-7 branchlets. 
Leaves of the lower plane spaced, rather deflexed, oblong, obtuse, 
1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright green, not so firm in texture as 
L. concinna, more produced on the upper side of the distinct midrib, 
obscurely ciliated low down, narrowed obliquely to the base and 
but little imbricated over the branch; leaves of lower plane one- 


SELAGINELLACE. 58 


third as long, oblique oblong, strongly nerved, with a short inflexed 
cusp. Spikes }-} in. long, $lin. diam. ; bracts orbicular, cuspidate, 
little longer than the sporangia, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Island of Rodriguez, Dr. I. B. Balfour ! 


75. S. puagiocuma Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 212.—Stems 
filiform, trailing, much intermatted, 3-4 in. long, flat on the back 
and face, the ascending simple slightly pubescent branches pin- 
nately arranged, simple or slightly compound. Leaves of the 
lower plane all spaced, spreading, oblong, obtuse, bright green, 
thin in texture, flat, at most 1-12th in. long, the distinct midrib 
nearly central, the margin obscurely ciliated all round, not specially 
at the base, the base on both sides equally rounded, not imbricated 
over the branch; leaves of the upper plane very small, spaced, 
ovate, erect, not cuspidate. Spikes very short; bracts ovate, 
acute, strongly keeled, 4 lin. long. 

Hab. Eastern Cuba, near Monte Verde, C. Wright 942! A near ally of S. 
Homalia. | 

76. S. Homatim A. Br. in Crypt. New Gran. 352.—Stems very 
slender, entirely trailing, angled on the back, much intermatted, 
3-6 in. long, with ascending, distant, mostly simple branches. 
Leaves of the lower plane close or slightly spaced, spreading, 
oblong, obtuse, 1-12th in. long, bright green, moderately firm in 
texture, the distinct midrib nearly central, the upper edge ciliated 
and cordate at the base, and imbricated over the branch; leaves of 
the lower plane one-fourth as long, broad, ovate, acute. Spikes 
short, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Cataracts of Jaruma and Panuré, Upper Amazon, Spruce 2004 | 
2941! Traill 1437! A near ally of S. jungermannioides. 


77. S. suNGERMANNIoIDES Spring Mon. ii. 117. Lycopodium 


jungermannioides Gaudich. L. marginatum Raddi, ex parte.—Stems 


trailing, much intermatted, 4-6 in. long, with a raised face and a 
flat back, copiously pinnately branched, the branches simple or 
little compound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, spreading, 
oblong, obtuse, 1-12th in. long, dark green, moderately firm in 
texture, dilated, broadly rounded and strongly ciliated on the 
upper side at the base, and much imbricated over the branch ; 
leaves of the upper plane one-third as long, oblique ovate, shortly 
cuspidate, much imbricated. Spikes 4-3 in. long, square, 4 lin. 
diam. ; bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Frequent in South Brazil Gaudichaud! Glaziow 7493! 7965! &c. 
I cannot separate specifically the Peruvian 9. applanata A. Br. (Lechler 2405 !). 
The Buenos Ayres 8. radiata Spring, is probably this species; but Aublet’s 


Guianan Lycopodium radiatum, of which there is a type specimen at the 
British Museum, is S. increscentifolia Spring. 


78. S. vruncata A. fr. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vol. xiii., 65.— 
Stems entirely trailing, slender, a foot long, bisulcate on the face, 
copiously pinnately branched, the branches with several short, 
ascending, pinnately arranged branchlets. Leaves of the lower 
plane crowded both on the branches and main stem, spreading, 
oblong, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, very obtuse, dark green, rather 
firm in texture, the distinct midrib subcentral, both sides ciliated 


maine is 


54 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


towards the base, the upper rather produced at the base and 
imbricated over the branch; leaves of the lower plane oblique, 
ovate, one-third as long, minutely cuspidate, ciliated. Spikes 
4-1 in. long, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly 
keeled. 

Hab. Andes of New Granada, Karsten, Triana. Eastern Peru, on Mount 
Guayrapurima near Taropoto, Spruce 2024! A near ally of S. Breynii. 

79. S. tonercusris Baker in Journ. Bot. 18838, 241.—Stems 
3-4 in. long, entirely trailing, terete on the face, flat or rather 
sulcate on the back, pyramidal in general outline, with a few 
erecto-patent slightly compound branches. Leaves of the lower 
plane spreading, close on the branches, rather spaced on the main 
stem, oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright 
green, and moderately firm in texture, the distinct midrib oblique, 
obscurely ciliated and rounded on the upper side at the base, a 
little imbricated over the branch; leaves of upper plane one-third 
as long, ovate, with a cusp as long as the lamina. Spikes short, 
square, 3 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Rio Janeiro, on the Tejuca Mountains, Glaziow 7353! A near ally of 
S. jungermannioides, from which it may be readily known. by the long cusps of 
the leaves of the upper plane. Ke 

80. S. Breynu Spring Mon. ii. 119. Lycopodium plumosum 
Schk. Crypt. tab. 165, fig. 4 (Breyn. Exot. Cent.), tab. 100; Dill. 
Musc., tab. 66, fig. 9. — Stems entirely trailing, flexuose, often a 
foot long, flat on the back, bisuleate on the face, copiously 
pinnately branched, the central branches with 5-7 short pinnately 
arranged branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane spreading, crowded, 
linear-oblong, 1-6th to 1-5th in. long, obtuse, or obscurely pointed 
at the upper corner, dark green, moderately firm in texture, the 
distinct midrib nearly central, the upper side strongly ciliated and 
rather produced at the base, and a little imbricated over the 
branch ; leaves of the upper plane one-fourth as long, oblique ovate, 
distinctly cuspidate, connivent, ciliated. Spikes 3-1 in. long, 
square, 3-3 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, crowded, strongly 
keeled. 


Hab. Guiana and Brazil, especially in the Amazon Valley. According to 
A. Braun, Haenke’s plant from the Cordilleras of Chili,—referred to Breynii by 
Spring, S. eampylotis A. Br. in Crypt. New Gran. 357, Lycopodium atrovirens 
Presl. in Rel. Haenk. i. 79, t. 12, fig. 2, non Wall.,—is a distinct species, marked 
by leaves of the lower plane auricled on the upper side at the base, and leaves 
of the upper plane with a caudate auricle on the outer side at the base. 

81. 8. puatysasis Baker in Journ. Bot. 18838, 242. — Stem 
trailing, about a foot long, flat or suleate down the face, copiously 
pinnately branched, the ascending branches cuneate, with 38-7 
short flabellate branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane close, 
spreading, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright 
green, moderately firm in texture, the midrib distinct, the base on 
the upper side obscurely ciliated, dilated with a large auricle both 
laterally and downwards. so that those of the leaves of the opposite 
sides of the branch wrap over each other; leaves of the upper 
plane a third as long, oblique-ovate, with a short cusp. Spikes 
short, square, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. 


aye ‘ 


SELAGINELLACE. 55 


Hab. North Brazil, in moist caatingas near Panuré, Spruce 2502! General 
habit near that of S. Breynii, but leaves very different in shape. 


82. §. catosticHa Spring Mon. ii. 206. — Stem trailing, rather 
rigid, about a span long, strongly angled on both faces, pinnately 
branched, the branches little compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
crowded, ovate-lanceolate, subacute, 1-5th in. long, spreading, sub- 
rigid, not ciliated, the midrib subcentral, the base of the upper 
side rounded and a little dilated; leaves of the upper plane a 
third as long, ovate-lanceolate, with a long cusp. Spikes short, 
square ; bracts ovate-lanceolate. 

Hab. Mountains of Caracas, at 5000 ft., Funk & Schlim 3321. 


88. S. pensrrotiA Spruce in Hook. 2 Cent. Ferns, t. 85.—Stem 
4-6 in. long, decumbent, except at the tip, copiously pinnate, with 
assurgent sparingly compound branches. Leaves of the lower 
plane crowded both on the branches and main stem, oblong- 
lanceolate, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, obtuse, more or less ascending, 
firm in texture, bright green, more produced on the upper side of 
the midrib, ciliated on both edges towards the base, cordate on the 
upper side and much imbricated over the branch; leaves of the 
upper plane a third as long, ovate, acute, not cuspidate, much 
imbricated. Spikes short, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts acute- 
lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

: ae On the Orinoco, in damp shady places at Cerro de Morro, Spruce 
3809 

84. §. penupata Spring Mon. ii. 84. Lycopodium denudatum 
Willd.—Stems trailing, a span long, sulbterete, striated, irregularly 
branched, the very flaccid branches laxly sparingly branched. 
Leaves of the lower plane crowded towards the tip of the branchlets, 
spaced on the stem, ovate, subobtuse, a line long, horizontal, 
rather rigid in texture, not ciliated, subequilateral, subcordate on 
both sides at the base; those of the upper plane but little smaller, 
ovate, acute. Spikes short, square; bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly 
keeled. 


Hab. Jamaica, Swartz. I have not seen this. 


85. S. prpymostacuya Spring Mon. 1. 180; Fée Fil. Ant. t. 84, 
fig. 4. Lycopodium didymostachyum Desv. L. denudatum H. & G. 
—Stems trailing, 4-1 ft. long, pyramidal in general outline, often 
forked low down, angled upwards on the face, copiously pinnate, 
the branches rhomboid and copiously compound. Leaves of the 
lower plane close on the branchlets, spaced on the stem, ascending, 
oblong, obtuse, #-1 lin. long, bright green, moderately firm in 
texture, more produced on the upper side of the midrib, where it is 
cordate at the base and much imbricated over the stem; leaves of 
the upper plane half as long, ovate, minutely cuspidate. Spikes 
3-4 in. long, square, 4} lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, crowded, 
strongly keeled. 


~ Hab. Mountain woods of Jamaica and San Domingo. There is a 
specimen in the Smithian Herbarium from Swartz, from Jamaica, of a dwarf 
variety with suborbicular close rigid leaves of the lower plane not more than 
4 lin. long. 


a. eee oF 
=sar¢ 
6 


56 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


86. S. cuareMALENsIs Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 248; Hemsl. 
Biol. Cent. Amer. Bot. t. 1098.—Steme trailing ,about } ft. long, 
pyramidal in general outline, convex on the face, flat on the back, 
copiously pinnate, the branches copiously compound. Leaves of 
the lower plane crowded, ascending, 1 lin, long, lanceolate, acute, 
bright green, moderately firm in texture, rather more produced on 
the upper side of the midrib, strongly ciliated at the base, and so 
much rounded and imbricated that the branch is quite hidden; 
leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique, oblong-lanceolate, 
shortly cuspidate. Spikes square, 4-4 in. long, 3-1 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate-lanceolate, crowded, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Guatemala, Salvin & Godman! Bernouilli 162! In Nicaragua at 
Chontales, R. Tate! 


87. S. propucta Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 248. — Stems 
6-12 in. long, trailing in the lower half, the end and branches 
assurgent, flat or terete on the back, bisulcate on the face, forked 
low down and copiously pinnately branched, with short ascending 
branches. Leaves of the lower plane spreading or ascending, close, 
oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, moderately 
firm in texture, much more produced on the upper side of the 
distinct midrib, very cordate, shortly ciliated at the base and 
imbricated quite across the branch; leaves of the upper plane 
oblique ovate, shortly cuspidate, imbricated. Spikes copious, 
square, 4-1 in. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, much 
imbricated, strongly keeled. 


Hab. British Guiana, Appun! Drake! Jenman 2325! Amazon Valley, 
Spruce 2043! Minas Geraes, Lindberg! Habit of S flexuosa, from which it 
recedes by the very cordate upper base of the leaves of the lower plane. Spruce 
4731, from the Rio Negro, comes midway between the two species. Spruce 
2195, from the Falls of Sao Gabriel, differs from the type by its narrower and 
more decidedly acute leaves of the lower plane, which are also less cordate on 
the upper side at the base. 


88. 5. Sormsi1 Baker.—Stems trailing, short, square, a foot long, 
copiously pinnate, branches ascending, with short compound lower 
branchlets. Leaves moderately firm, those of the lower plane 
contiguous both on the branches and branchlets, oblique oblong, 
obtuse, 4-4 in. long, produced in the lower half on the upper side 
of the midrib, where it is broadly rounded at the base and 
imbricated over the stem; leaves of the lower plane small, ovate, 
ascending, with a large cusp. Spikes short, slender, square ; 
bracts crowded, ovate, acute. 

Hab. Guatemala; Costa Grande, Bernouilli d@ Cario 181! Received from 


Count Solms Laubach. A fine plant, allied to S flexuosa and producta, with the 
largest leaves of any of this group. 


89. S. euayanensis Spring Mon. i. 184.—Stems decumbent, 
above a foot long, subterete, copiously pinnate, the branches but 
little compound. Leaves of the lower plane spreading, linear- 
oblong, middle-sized, subobtuse, three times as long as broad, 
nearly equal-sided, serrulate, subcordate and shortly ciliated on 
the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane very small, 


: 


SELAGINELLACE®. 57 


cordate ovate, with a large cusp. Spikes square, }in. long; bracts 
ovate cuspidate, strongly keeled. 
Hab. French Guiana, Lepriewr. A near ally of S. Gardnert. 


90. S. Garpnert Spring Mon. ii. 184. S. geminata Fée Fil. 
Bras. Suppl. 100, tab. 108, fig. 4.—Stems 4-1 ft. long, decumbent 
throughout, or assurgent in the upper half, copiously pinnate, 
moderately stout, flat on the back, convex on the face, the ascending 
branches copiously flabellate-pinnate. Leaves of the lower plane 
spreading, slightly spaced, nearly oblong, subobtuse, 1-12th to 1-8th 
in. long, dark green, firm in texture, minutely ciliated on both sides, 
very cordate on the upper side at the base and much imbricated 
over the stem; leaves of the upper plane half as long, imbricated, 
oblique ovate, with a distinct cusp. Spikes }-} in. long, 1 ln. 
diam., square; bracts ovate-cuspidate, crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Organ Mountains, Gardner 5958! Glaziow 4484! 7282! In the 
type the root-fibres are confined to the nodes of the lower part of the stem. S. 
ericoides Fée Fil. Bras. 228, tab. 75, fig. 2, is a decumbent variety with shorter 
leaves and root-fibres extending to the upper nodes; and 8S. macrostachya 


Spring. Mon. ii. 133, is a suberect form, with unusually long spikes (4—1 in. 
long). 


91. S. ruexvosa Spring Mon. 11.181. S. bella Fée Fil. Bras. 
Suppl. 100, t. 108, fig. 8. Lycopodium stoloniferum Radd. Fil. Bras. 
81, t.2. LL. brasiliense Desv.cStems about a foot long, flat on the 
back, subterete on the face, copiously branched, the lower branches 
elongate and copiously compound, the upper part assurgent and 
root-fibres often only developed, from the lower half. Leaves of 
the lower plane close, spreading, bright green, oblong-rhomboidal, 
subacute, 4-4 in. long, moderately firm in texture, more produced 
on the upper side of the distinct midrib, serrulate on the upper 
side near the base, where it is rounded and a little imbricated over 
the branch ; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, ovate, with 
along cusp. Spikes 3-1 in. long, square, 3-1 lin. diam. ; bracts 
ovate-lanceolate, + lin. long, crowded, sharply keeled. 

Hab. Common in South Brazil. 


92. S. Seemannit Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 244. — Stems 
trailing, about 3 ft. long, the root-fibres not extending to the upper 
nodes, 1—2-sulcate on the face, flat or terete on the back, pyramidal 
in general outline, copiously pinnate, the lower branches elongated, 
copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded on the 
branchlets, spreading or rather ascending, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 
1-12th to 1-8th in. long, moderately firm in texture, rather more 
produced on the upper side of the distinct midrib, broadly rounded 
and ciliated at the base, and a little imbricated over the branch ; 
leaves of the upper plane a third as long, ovate, imbricated, shortly 
cuspidate. Spikes short, copious, 1-14 lin. diam., not sharply 
square; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 4 lin. long. 

Hab. Cacaqua, New Granada, Seemann 1006! A near ally of S. flexuosa. 

93. S. ponycepHaLa Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 332.—Stems 


trailing, a foot long, flat on the back, bisulcate on the face, 
copiously pinnate, the branches ascending and copiously compound, 


58 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Leaves of the lower plane close on the branches, ascending, oblique 
ovate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in long, pale green, moderately firm in 
texture, more produced on the upper side of the midrib, rounded 
and ciliated on the upper side at the base, and a little imbricated 
over the branch; leaves of the upper plane half as long, oblique 
ovate, acute, not cuspidate. Spikes copious, square, }—1 in. long, 
3 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, much imbricated, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Mountains of Ocana, New Granada, at 5000—6000 ft., Schlim 493! 


Holton 82! A near ally of S. swbstipitata. 

94. S. susstrprrata Spring Mon. 11.198.  S. straminea Spring.— 
Stems trailing, reaching a foot in length, terete on the back, 
angled on the face, forked low down and copiously pinnate, with 
short erecto-patent copiously compound branches. Leaves of the 
lower plane touching on the branchlets, spaced on the main stem, 
ascending, oblique ovate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, pale green, 
moderately firm in texture, more produced on the upper side of the 
midrib, shortly rigidly ciliated and very cordate at its base, much 
imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
ovate, with a very long cusp. Spikes copious, $-+ in. long, ¢ lin. 
diam., square ; bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. West Indies. Guadeloupe, L’Herminier! Husnot 576! Porto Rico, 
Schwanecke! Dominica, Imray! Martinique, Belanger 381. 


95. S. scuizopasis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 833.—Stems 
trailing, a foot long, flat on the back, bisulcate on the face, 
copiously pinnate, with short erecto-patent, copiously compound 
rhomboid branches. Leaves of the lower plane ascending, close 
on the branchlets, much spaced on the main stem, oblong, obtuse, 
1-12th to 1-8th in. long, pale, green and thin in texture, nearly 
equilateral, attached to the side of the stem, the base on the upper 
side not at all imbricated over it and not ciliated; leaves of the 
upper plane a third as long, oblique oblong, with a minute cusp. 
Spikes 3-1 in. long, 4 lin. diam., square; bracts ovate, acute, 
strongly keeled. 


Hab. Mexico, in the province of Chiapas, Dr. Ghiesbreght, 605! A near 
ally of the Himalayan S. semicordata. 


96. S. rauctum Liebm.; Fourn. Fil. Mex. 148.—Stems quite 
trailing, a foot long, angled on the back, bisuleate on the face, 
copiously pinnate, with short copiously compound erecto-patent 
branches. Leaves of the lower plane ascending, close or slightly 
spaced, ovate-oblong, obtuse, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright 
green and moderately firm in texture, minutely petioled, much 
more produced on the upper side of the midrib, not ciliated, 
cordate at the base and imbricated over the stem; leaves of the 
upper plane half as long, ovate, with a cusp as long as the lamina. 
Spikes 3-4 in. long, } lin. diam., square; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 
very crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Mexico, at Huitamalea and Hacienda de Jova, Liebmann ! 


97. S. nrcaAracurensis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1883, 333; Hemsl. 
in Biol. Cent. Amer. Bot. t. 1094.—Stems trailing, above a foot 


wart eee 


: ; 


> SELAGINELLACES. 59 


long, with a long whip-like end, flat on the back, bisuleate on the 
face, copiously pinnate, with short copiously compound ascending 
lower branches. Leaves of the lower plane ascending, contiguous 
on the branchlets, spaced on the main stem, oblong-lanceolate, 
subacute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, pale green, thin in texture, 
nearly equilateral, laterally attached and truncate at the base, not 
at all imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane one-third 
as long, ovate, acute, not cuspidate. Spikes +-3 in. long, + lin. 
diam., square; bracts ovate, acute, crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Guatemala, in forests of Grenada, Levy 360! A near ally of 
schizobasis and semicordata. 

98. S. Fenptert Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 334. — Stems 
trailing, about a foot long, terete on the back, bisulcate on the face, 
the root-fibres not extending to the upper nodes, copiously pinnate, 
the short erecto-patent branches with several short pinnately 
arranged branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane oblique ovate, 
acute, 4-4 in. long, close on the branches, much spaced on the 
main stem, spreading or rather ascending, pale green, moderately 
firm in texture, much more produced on the upper side of the 
midrib, where it is rather cordate at the base, strongly ciliated and 
a little imbricated over the branch ; leaves of the upper plane one- 
third as long, oblique ovate, with a short cusp. Spikes copious, 
square, t-4 in. long, 4 lin. diam. ; bracts crowded, ovate-cuspidate, 
strongly keeled. 

Hab. Panama, at Chagres, Fendler 382 ! 


_ 99. 8. supseerEGATA Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 334. — Stems 
trailing, 6-9 in. long, nearly flat on both faces, the root-fibres not 
ascending to the upper nodes, copiously pinnate, the branches 
erecto-patent, the general outline pyramidal, the lower branches 
elongated and copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
spaced, except towards the top of the branchlets, oblique ovate, 
acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright green and moderately firm 
in texture, much more produced on the upper side of the distinct 


midrib, the upper edge shortly ciliated towards the base, which igs 


very cordate and much imbricated over the branch ; leaves of the 
upper plane half as long, oblique ovate, with a long cusp. Spikes 
#-y m. long, 1 lin. diam., not sharply square; bracts ovate 
cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziow 4501! A near ally of S. substipitata. 


100. S. cauporniza Baker in Journ. Bot. 1888, 834. — Stems 
trailing, above a foot long, lengthened out and whip-like at the tip, 
deeply sulcate on the face, flat on the back, copiously pinnately 
branched, the branches erecto-patent, the upper ones short, the 
lower elongated and copiously compound. Leaves of the lower 
plane oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. 
long, close on the branches, ascending, nearly equal on both sides 
of the distinct midrib, truncate at the base, not at all imbricated 
over the stem, shortly ciliated through the lower half of the upper 
edge; leaves of the upper plane one-third as long, oblique ovate, 
shortly cuspidate, much imbricated. Spikes copious, é-z in. long, 


60 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


square, + lin. diam., often as if lateral; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 
strongly keeled. 


Hab. Surinam. Hostmann 3! Allied to fauciuwm and semicordata. 


101. S. tonerssima Baker in Journ. Bot. 1881, 208. — Stems 
trailing to a length of 2 ft. or more, the deltoid branches 6-9 in. 
long, with ascending simple upper and slightly compound lower 
branchlets, the ultimate divisions 2-24 in. long. Leaves of the 


lower plane close, obliquely attached, ovate-oblong, acute } in. 


long, the two sides not very unequal, the upper strongly ciliated at 
the base; leaves of the upper plane one-third as long, oblique 
ovate, nearly erect, obscurely cuspidate. Spikes terminal on the 
branchlets, square, 1-2 in. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate- 
lanceolate, erecto-patent, strongly keeled. 

Hab. New Granada; Antioquia, 3300 ft. in forests, Kalbreyer 1815! 


102. S. Metrenn A. Br. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1867, App. 1; 
1871, App. 9.—Stems slender, wide-trailing, distantly pinnate, the 
short branches flabellately compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
nearly contiguous on the branchlets, the upper ascending, the 
lower spreading, oblong, obtuse, 4 in. long, bright green, mode- 
rately firm in texture, nearly equal-sided, rounded on both sides at 
the base, not ciliated, not at all imbricated over the stem; leaves 
of. the upper plane one-third as long, oblique ovate, acute, not 
cuspidate. Spikes square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-deltoid, 
gradually narrowed to the point, subentire. 


Hab. Originally noticed in the Botanic Garden at Leipsic about 1865. 
Supposed to be a hybrid between wncinata and inequalifolia. 


Group 8.—Stolonifere. 


108. S. excurrens Spring Mon. ii. 214.—Stems trailing, very 
slender but firm, densely matted, jointed at the nodes, angled on 
both faces, excurrent and whip-like at the end, copiously pinnate, 
the short branches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
close on the branches, spreading, oblong-lanceolate subobtuse, 
i lin. long, bright green, firm in texture, more produced on the 
upper side of the midrib, obscurely ciliated, rounded on both sides 
at the base, laterally attached, not imbricated over the stem; 
leaves of the upper plane half as long, oblong, acute, much im- 
bricated. Spikes not seen. 


Hab. Central and South Brazil, and Banda Oriental, For, 125! Tweedie 
573! Well-marked in the group by its small close leaves of firm texture. 


104. §. mntacta Baker in Journ. Bot. 18838, 335. — Stems 
slender, trailing, intermatted, jointed at the nodes, about a span 
long, acutely angled on back and face, copiously pinnate and 
irregularly forked, the branches distantly compound. Leaves of 
the lower plane spaced even on the branchlets, ascending, ovate- or 
oblong-lanceolate, acute, about 4 lin. long, rigid in texture, not 
ciliated, more produced on the upper side of the midrib, rounded at 
its base, clasping the stem obliquely; leaves of the upper plane 


a i 
en a 2 


an 


SELAGINELLACE. 61 


half as long, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, crowded, 
strongly keeled. 

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, in woods of the temperate region at St. Nicholas, 
Sodiro! A well-marked species. 

105. S. pisrorta Spring Mon. 1. 212.—Stems slender, trailing 
or suberect, intermatted, 3-6 in. long, obscurely jointed at the 
nodes, suberect, copiously pinnate, the short ascending branches 
subflabellately compound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded on 
the branchlets, deflexed, oblong-lanceolate, acute, about 4 lin. long, 
firm and rather rigid in texture, more produced on the upper side 
of the midrib, at the rounded base of which they are shortly 
ciliated, but not imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper 
plane more than half as long, imbricated, oblong, acute. Spikes 
short, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 

Var. major Baker.— More luxuriant, with stouter stems reaching 
a foot or more in length and often excurrent at the end; leaves of 
lower plane often 1-12th in. long, spreading or rather ascending. 

Hab. Mountains of Central and Soathern Brazil. Var. major (Burchell 
6803! 8724! Glaziow 7355!) connects the type with S. marginata. 

106. S. srotonireRA Spring Mon.i. 209. Lycopodium stoloniferum 
Sw. L. Poeppigianum Hook. & Grev., ex parte. — Stems trailing, 
reaching a length of a foot or more, often excurrent and whip-lke 
at the end, jointed at the nodes, angled on the back and face, 
copiously pinnate, with short copiously compound branches. 
Leaves of the lower plane close on the branchlets, rather ascending, 
oblong-lanceolate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, rather rigid in 
texture, nearly equal-sided, laterally inserted, not imbricated over 
the back of the stem, shortly ciliated and more rounded on the 
upper side at the base, minutely auricled on the lower. Spikes 
is in. long, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly 

eeled. 


Hab. West Indies; Cuba, Jamaica, San Domingo, Dominica, &c. 


107. S. marernata Spring Mon. ii. 211; FI. Bras. i. 127, t. 7. 
Lycopodium marginatum H. B. K. — Stems trailing to a length of 
2-3 ft., subterete, joined at the nodes, copiously pinnate, with 
short copiously compound alternate branches. Leaves close on the 
branchlets, spaced on the stem, rather ascending, oblong-lanceolate, 
acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, rather rigid in texture, nearly 
equal-sided, not imbricated over the stem, with a spur-like auricle 
from the base on the upper side, which is shortly ciliated; leaves 
of the upper plane one-third to half as long, oblique ovate, not 
cuspidate. Spikes 4-4 in. long, square; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 
crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Guiana and Central Brazil. Humboldt’s original specimen was 
gathered on the banks of the Orinoco, not in Mexico, as stated by Spring. A 
near ally of S. stolonifera. 

108. §. macrocuapa Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 23.— Stems 
entirely trailing, reaching a length of 2 ft. or more, jointed at the 
nodes, acutely angled on both back and face, excurrent at the end, 
furnished with numerous excurrent alternate pinnately arranged 


62 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


branches, with contiguous simple erecto-patent branchlets. Leaves 
of the lower plane close both on branches and branchlets, more or 
less ascending, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, 1-12th to 
1-8th in. long, moderately firm in texture, more produced on the 
upper side of the midrib, where they are rounded and shortly 
ciliated, slightly imbricated over the stem, auricled at the base on 
the lower side ; leaves of the upper plane half to one-third as long, 
oblique ovate, acute, much imbricated. Spikes not seen. 

Hab. British Guiana, Appun 802! Well-marked from  stolonifera and 
marginata by its plan of branching. 

109. S. Porprierana Spring Mon. ii. 217, ex parte. 8S. Martensti 
Metten. in Lechler, Fil. Peruv. No. 2015, non Spring. Lycopodium 
Poeppigianum, Hook. & Grev., ex parte.—Stems trailing, 1-2 ft. 
long, forked at the base, jointed at the nodes, flat on the back, 
bisulcate on the face, copiously pinnate, with copiously compound 
erecto-patent branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane spaced except 
towards the tip of the branchlets, very much spaced on the main 
stem, spreading or rather ascending, oblong-lanceolate, subacute or 
subobtuse, 4-4 in. long, bright green and moderately firm in 
texture, more produced on the upper side of the midrib, broadly 
rounded on the upper side at the base, scarcely at all imbricated 
over the stem and not distinctly ciliated, not distinctly auricled on 
the lower side; leaves of the upper plane one-third as long, oblique 
oblong, with a distinct cusp. Spikes square, 4-4 in. long, 1 lin. 
diam. ; bracts ovate, sharply keeled. 

Hab. Andes, from New Granada to Peru. 


110. S. Kunzeana A. Br. in Crypt. Nov, Gran. 380. 8S. suavis d 
Poeppigiana Spring, ex parte. Lycopodium radiculosum Kunze.— 
Stems trailing, a foot or more long, jointed at the nodes, flat on 
the back, bisulcate on the face, copiously pinnate, with copiously 
compound short erecto-patent branches. Leaves of the lower 
plane spaced even on the branchlets, ascending, lanceolate, acute, 
2-1 in. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, a little more 
produced on the upper side of the midrib, obscurely ciliated, 
rounded but not imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the 
base, distinctly auricled on the lower; leaves of the upper plane 
one-third as long, oblique ovate, cuspidate, imbricated. Spikes 
2 # 7 long, 3 lin. diam., square; bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly 

eeled. 


Hab. Andes, from New Granada to Peru. Very near S. Poeppigiana, from 
which it differs by its less unequal-sided leaves, distinctly auricled on the lower 
side at the base. 


111. S. canescens Fée Fil. Bras. 99. t. 108, fig. 2. — Stems 
trailing, 3 ft. long, flat on both back and face, pubescent, jointed 
at the nodes, copiously pinnate, with short flabellately compound 
cuneate branches.- Leaves of the lower plane close on the 
branchlets, spaced on the main stem, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 
1-12th to 1-8th in. long, more produced on the upper side of the 
midrib, broadly rounded, ciliated and imbricated over the rachis on 
the upper side at the base, not auricled on the lower; leaves of the 


SELAGINELLACE. 63 


upper plane half as long, ovate-lanceolate, minute, much imbricated. 
Spikes not seen. 
Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziou 4489! 


112. S. suavis Spring Mon. 216, ex parte; A. Br. in Crypt. 
Nov. Gran. 881.—S. Glaziovit Fée Fil. Bras. 282, tab. 75, fig. 4.— 
Stems trailing a foot or more long, flat on the back, bisulcate on 
the face, jointed at the nodes, copiously pinnate, with copiously 
compound short cuneate branches. Leaves of the lower plane 
close on the branchlets, spaced on the main stem, oblong- lanceolate, 
acute, 4-1 in. long, bright green and moderately firm in texture, 
more produced on the upper side of the midrib, broadly rounded 
and a little imbricated over the stem and shortly ciliated on the 
upper side at the base, distinctly auricled on the lower side; leaves 
of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, with a long cusp, 
much imbricated. Spikes 3-4 in. long, square, 3-1 lin. diam.; 
bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziou 4482! 4502! 


118. S. sutcata Spring Mon. u. 214. Lycopodium sulcatum 
Desv. L. marginatum Gaudich. L. plumosum Vellozo Fl. Flum. 
xi. t. 113. — Stems trailing in the lower half, usually assurgent in 
the upper half, flat on the back, deeply bisulcate down the face, 
jointed at the nodes, copiously flabellato-pinnate, the final branch- 


lets contiguous. Leaves of the lower plane close on the branchlets, 


spaced on the stem, oblong-lanceolate, acute or subacute, 4-4 in. 
long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, rather more produced 
on the upper side of the midrib, auricled on both sides at the base, 
obscurely ciliated on the upper side, not distinctly imbricated over 
the stem; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique-ovate, 
with a long cusp. Spikes +-4 in. long, square, 3-3 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 

Var. cruenta Spring (S. erythropus Fée Fil. Bras. 280, non 
Spring) is a form with bright red stem and root-fibres. S. Hum- 
boldtiana A. Br. in Fil. Noy. Gran. 877, from the banks of the 
Orinoco, is said to differ from sulcata by its more flaccid texture, 
shorter base on the upper side of the leaves of the lower plane, and 
lower side with a longer auricle. 


Hab. Common in South Brazil. 


114, 8. arrinis A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 380. 8S. Poeppigiana 
var. guyanensis Spring Mon. 218. _ S. rigida Hort. — Stems a foot 
or more long, trailing, flat on the back, bisulcate on the face, jointed 
at the nodes, forked low down and copiously pinnate, with erecto- 
patent copiously compound branches. Leaves of the lower plane 
close on the branchlets, ascending, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 4-4 
in. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, a little more 
produced on the upper side of the midrib, hardly at all imbricated 
over the stem, not cilated and not distinctly auricled on either 
side at the base; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique- 
oblong, cuspidate, imbricated. Spikes 4-4 in. long, square, 1 lin. 
diam.; bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 


na a = 


64 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Hab. Guiana. A close ally of S. Poeppigiana and Kunzeana. A rare 
species in cultivation. 

115. §S. synvattca Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 25.— Stems with 
the root-fibres confined to the lower half, about a foot long, jointed 
at the nodes, flat on the back, bisulcate on the face, copiously pin- 
nate, with copiously compound erecto-patent branches. Leaves of 
the lower plane close only at the tip of the branchlets, yes upper 
ascending, the lower patent, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 4-$ in. long, 
almost membranous in texture, more produced on the upper side of 
the midrib, conspicuously ciliated at the base, broadly rounded and 
imbricated over the stem on the upper side, slightly auricled on the 
lower; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique-oblong, 
with a long cusp. Spikes short, square, } lin. diam.; bracts ovate, 
strongly keeled. 


Hab. In shady woods near the town of Panama, Seemann 31! 


116. S. Eurynota A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 377. — Stems 
trailing, a foot or more long, jointed at the nodes, flat on the back, 
bisuleate on the face, copiously pinnate, the short erecto-patent 
branches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced 
even on = branches, ascending on the branchlets, lanceolate, 
acute, 4-4 in. long, bright green “and moderately firm in texture, 
nearly equal-sided, not distinctly auricled nor ciliated nor imbri- 
cated over the stem at the base; leaves of the upper plane a third 
as long, oblique-ovate, with a short cusp. Spikes copious, square, 
1-1 in.-long, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Costa Rica, Hoffmann 907! Guatemala, Bernowilli 33! Empire 
State, common in damp places, Sutton Hayes 228! Chiriqui, Hart! 


117. S. mntomwes A. Br. in Planch. and Trian. Crypt. Nov. Gran. 
384. S. ciliauricula and cirrhipes Spring. S. mnioides Spring ex 
parte. S. diffusa Spring. Lycopodium mnioides Sieber. L. diffusum 
Presl.—-Stems entirely trailing, reaching 1-2 ft. long, flat on the 
back, bisulcate on the face, forked low down and copiously pinnate, 
the ascending branches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower 
plane spaced even on the branchlets, very much so on the stem, 
spreading, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 1-8th to 
1-5th in. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, more pro- 
duced on the upper side of the distinct midrib, laterally attached, 
but slightly cordate and imbricated over the stem at the base, 
strongly ciliated and minutely auricled on both sides; leaves of the 
upper plane half as long, oblique-ovate, acute, not cuspidate. 
Spikes 4-3 in. long, square, # lin. diam.; bracts ovate-acute, 
Sealy keeled. 

Hab. West Indies and Andes of Venezuela, New Granada, noieaee Bolivia, 
and Panama. The locality of Mauritius, given by Sieber for his type, is no 


doubt a mistake. S. macrophylla A. Br., 1. c., from the Andes of Bolivia, seems 
to be a large luxuriant variety of this species. 


118. §. tineunata Spring Mon. 1. 224. 8S. microtus A. Br.— 
Stems trailing, reaching a foot in length, slender, flat on the back, 
bisuleate on the face, jointed at the nodes, copiously pinnate, with 
elongated ascending laxly-compound branches. Leaves of the 


SELAGINELLACES. 65 


lower plane spaced on the branchlets, very much so on the main 
stem, spreading, oblong, subobtuse, 4-4 in. long, bright green and 
moderately firm in texture, rather more produced on the upper side 
of the midrib, very obscurely ciliated, laterally attached and truncate 
at the base; leaves of the upper plane one-third to half as long, 
oblique oblong, acute. Spikes 4-3 in. long, 1 lin. diam., square ; 
bracts ovate lanceolate, crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson! Spruce 4790! 5603! New Granada, 
Sodiro ! 

119. 8. Linnie A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 381. —- Stems 
-trailing, reaching a foot in length, flat on the back, bisulcate on 
the face, jointed at the nodes, copiously pinnately branched, the 
branches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane much 
spaced, spreading, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 4-4 in. long, very 
unequal-sided, the lower margin parallel with the midrib, the upper 
rounded, laterally attached, truncate at the base, very obscurely 
ciliated ; leaves of the upper plane half as long, oblong, acute, not 
cuspidate. Spikes 1-4 in. long, square, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate- 
lanceolate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Andes of New Granada, Lindig 1507! Holton 83! Ecuador, Spruce 
4798! 5676! Scarcely more than a variety of lingulata. 


120. S. Kraussiana A. Br. in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1859, 22. 
S. mnioides Spring ex parte. 8S. hortensis Mett.- Lycopodium 
Kraussianum Kunze. L. denticulatum Hort. —- Stems trailing, 3-1 
ft. long, jointed at the nodes, flat on the back, subterete on the 
face, copiously pinnate, with copiously compound erecto-patent 
branches. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous on the branchlets, 
spaced on the branches and main stem, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 
4-4 in. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, a little more 
produced on the upper side of the midrib, ciliated and broadly 
rounded at the base, and a little imbricated over the stem; leaves 
of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, acute, not cuspi- 
date. Spikes short, square, 3-1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, 
strongly keeled. 

Hab. Cape Colony, Natal, Fernando Po, Cameroon Mountains, Azores, 
Madeira, and reported also from Sicily. The commonest species in gardens, 
where it is often grown under the name of ‘“ Lycopodium denticulatum.” S. 
Brownii Hort. Stansfield, is a dwarf variety from the Azores. I cannot distin- 
guish from this species S. remotifolia Spring in Plant. Junghuhn. 276, from the 
mountains of Java, and S. japonica Miquel, Prolus. 349, from Japan, which has 
already been referred to Kraussiana by Franchet and Savatier. 


Group IV.—-Apode. 


121. 8. sprnutosa Spring in Pl. Junghuhn. 277, non A. Br.—- 
Stems very slender, trailing, 1-2 in. long, little branched. Leaves 
of the lower plane spaced even on the branchlets, oblong, obtuse, 
$ lin. long, pale green, membranous, more rounded on the upper 
side at the base and strongly ciliated; leaves of the upper plane 
one-third to one-fourth as long, oblong, acute. Spikes short, 
square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Java, Zollinger 2011! A near ally of S. rotundifolia. 

F 


66 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


122. §. Savarrerr Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 87. 8S. denticulata 
Franch. & Savat. Enum. Jap. ii. 198, non Link.—Stems trailing, 
2 in. long, sparingly pinnately branched, the branches erecto- 
patent, the lower forked, the upper simple. Leaves of the lower 
plane spaced, spreading, a line long, oblique ovate, acute, pale 
green, rather firmer in texture than in integerrima, more produced 
on the upper side of the midrib, very cordate, shortly ciliated and 
much imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves 
of the upper plane half as long, oblique ovate, acute, not cuspidate. 
Spikes 4-1 in. long, 3—1 lin. diam., sometimes forked; bracts ovate 
cuspidate, similar in texture to the leaves, neither dense nor acutely 
keeled. Macrospores finely echinulate. 


Hab. Japan, in the Island of Nippon, Savatier! Very near nippunica, 
from which it differs by its more cordate leaves and muricated macrospores. 


123. §. nrppontca Franch. & Savat. Enum. Jap. ii. 199.—Stems 
trailing, 2-4 in. long, pinnately branched, the branches erecto- 
patent, the upper simple, the lower slightly compound. Leaves 
of the lower plane contiguous upwards, spaced and spreading or 
rather deflexed on the lower part of the stem, oblique ovate or 
oblong, acute, a line long, pale green, firmer in texture than in 
S. apus, unequal-sided, more produced on the upper side of the 
midrib, slightly cordate, shortly ciliated and slightly imbricated 
over the stem at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
oblique oblong, acute, not cuspidate. Spikes 4-1 in. long, 1 lin. 
diam.; bracts uniform or slightly dimorphic, similar to the leaves 
in texture, ovate cuspidate, not dense, nor strongly keeled. 

Hab. Japan, in the Island of Nippon, Thunberg! Savatier! Bissett! 
Differs from S. integerrima mainly in its laxer, less acutely-keeled bracts. There 


is a specimen of this from Thunberg in the Smithian Herbarium, so that it is 
doubtless the Lycopodium ornithopodioides of his ‘ Flora Japonica.’ 


124. S. 1recerrma Spring Mon. ii. 79. La. inteyerrimum and 
ornithopodioides Hook & Grev. — Stem trailing, very slender, 
reaching a length of 3-1 ft., flat on the back, bisulcate on the face, 
irregularly forked low down, the pinnately arranged branches 
distant, short and but little compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
crowded and ascending on the branchlets, spaced and spreading or 
deflexed on the main stem, oblique oblong, subacute, 1-12th in. 
long, bright or pale green, membranous, more produced on the 
upper side of the midrib, not at all ciliated, rounded on both sides 
at the base, but only imbricated over the stem on the branchlets ; 
leaves of the upper plane a third to half as long, oblique ovate. 
Spikes square, 3-4 in. long, 1-14 lin. diam.; bracts ovate- 
lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Ceylon, in the warmer parts of the island, Kwnig! Gardner! 
Thwaites 3280! This is the Lycopodium ornithopodioides of the Linnean 
Herbarium. We have closely allied plants from Japan, gathered by Oldham ; 
from the Macalisberg Range, in South Africa, gathered by Sanderson; from 
Bourbon, gathered by Dr. I. B. Balfour, with leaves of upper plane narrower 
and shortly cuspidate; and from Chusan, gathered by Alexander, with more 
rigid smaller acute leaves of both kinds, which will likely prove distinct ; but 
none of the specimens are in fruit, and they may be platystachyoid. 


125. S. exigua Spring Mon. ii. 288,  Lycopodiwm aristatum 


SELAGINELLACE®, 67 


Roxb. ? S. avistata J. Scott? non Spring.—Stems densely tufted, 
14-2 in. long, very slender, decumbent, with slender root-fibres in 
- the lower half, closely pinnate, with compound lower branches. 
Leaves of the lower plane crowded on the branches, spaced on the 
main stem, oblique ovate, acute, a line long, pale green, mem- 
branous, cordate and shortly ciliated on the upper side at the base 
and imbricated over the stem. Leaves of upper plane little 
smaller, oblique ovate, acute, shortly cuspidate.. Spikes short, 
copious, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled, similar 
to the leaves in texture. 

Hab. Assam and Mergui, Grifith! Resembles S. proniflora in leaves and 
general habit. 

126. S. prnancensis Spring Mon. ii. 205. — Stems entirely 
trailing, very slender, suleate on the face, about 14 ft. long, closely 
pinnate, the central branches with 3-4 short contiguous branchlets. 
Leaves of the lower plane close on both stem and_ branches, 
spreading, oblong, obtuse, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, pale green, 
membranous, nearly equal-sided, rounded at both sides at the base, 
a little imbricated over the stem on the upper side, shortly ciliated 
through the lower half of the upper side; leaves of the upper 
plane a third as long, oblique ovate, with a cusp nearly as long as 
the blade. Spikes short, square, } lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, 
strongly keeled. 

Hab. Penang, Gaudichaud; Assam, Jenkins! Closely resembles serpens 
in general habit. 

127. S. rectisstma Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 89. — Stems 
filiform, trailing, intermatted, flat on the face, 14-2 in. long, the 
few short branches simple or little compound. Leaves of the 
lower plane spreading, contiguous or slightly spaced, ovate-deltoid, 
acute, bright green, membranous, not more than 3 lin. long, very 
unequal-sided, very cordate and strongly ciliated on the upper side 
at the base and much imbricated over the stem, the leaves of the 
opposite side considerably overwrapping each other; leaves of 
upper plane half as long, ovate, with a distinct cusp. Spikes 
Short, 4 lin. diam., square; bracts ovate, acute, membranous, 
strongly ciliated, sharply keeled. 

Hab. Macalisberg Mountains, along with the plant mentioned under S. 
integerrima, Sanderson ! 

128. S. Macxennt Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 89. — Stems 
filiform, trailing, intermatted, 3-4 in. long, sulcate both on back 
and face, forked low down, the few pinnate ascending branches 
simple or little compound. Leaves of the lower plane spreading, 
contiguous on the branchlets, spaced on the main stem, oblong, 
subacute, 1-12th in. long, pale green, membranous, more produced 
on the upper side of the midrib, cordate and shortly ciliated and a 
little imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base ; leaves 
of the upper plane half as long, oblique ovate, acute, not cuspidate. 
Spikes very short, square, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 
membranous, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Banks of the Tugela River, Gerrard & McKen 237! A near ally of 
S. integerrima. 


68 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


129. S. Cooper Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 89.—Stems inter- 
matted, trailing, filiform, 2-8 in. long, flat on the back, bisulcate on 
the face, the few erecto-patent branches sparingly compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane contiguous and ascending on the 
branches, rather spaced and spreading on the main stem, oblong, 
acute, 1-12th in. long, membranous, rather unequal-sided, cordate, 
and strongly ciliated and imbricated over the stem on the upper 
side at the base; leaves of the upper side half as long, ovate, with 
a short cusp. Spikes 4 in. long, square, 1 lin. diam.; bracts 
ovate-lanceolate, membranous, strongly keeled in the upper half. 

Hab. Orange Free State, Cooper 1056! Between albo-nitens and inte- 
gerrima. 

130. S. rotunpirot1a Spring Mon. u. 85; Fee Fil. Ant. t. 34, 
fio, 2.—Stems very slender, trailing, intermatted, 2-4 in. long, the ~ 
distant branches short and simple. Leaves of the lower plane 
spaced, spreading, suborbicular, cuspidate, } lin. long, pale green, 
membranous, nearly equal-sided, rounded on both sides at the base, 
shortly ciliated on the upper, not imbricated over the stem ; leaves 
of the upper plane a third as long, ovate, acute, not cuspidate, not 
imbricated. Spikes very short, square, 2 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, 
acute, membranous, strongly keeled. 

Hab. West Indies; St. Vincent, Martinique, Guadeloupe, &c., Husnot 579 ! 


131. S. cariensis Jenm. in Journ. Bot. 1886, 273.—Stems 
prostrate, very slender, 1-2 in. long, with a few short distant 
branches. Leaves membranous, pale green, those of the upper 
plane contiguous on the branchlets, suborbicular, obtuse 4 lin. 
long, subcordate at the base, produced, auricled and ciliated on the 
upper side; leaves of the upper plane ovate cuspidate, minute, not 
imbricated. Spikes about a line long; bracts lax, spreading, — 
ciliated, not keeled. 

Hab. Jamaica, in mountain forests, alt. 6000—7000 ft., Morris 502! A 
minute delicate species, allied to S. rotundifolia. 

132. §. ovrroniA Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 90. — Stems 
filiform, trailing, 1-2 in. long, the distant branches short and 
simple. Leaves of the lower plane close, spreading, ovate, acute, 
4 lin. long, bright green, membranous, nearly equal-sided, dis- 
tinctly ciliated on both margins, rounded on both sides at the base, 
not imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane one- 
fourth as long, oblique ovate, acute. Spikes very short, } lin. 
diam.; bracts ovate, acute, membranous, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Porto Rico, Schwanecke! A near ally of S. rotundifolia. 


133. S. mactrenta Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 90.— Stems very 
slender, filiform, trailing, intermatted, 3-4 in. long, little branched, 
often excurrent and flagellate at the tip, with the leaves rudi- 
mentary. Leaves of the lower plane spaced, spreading, oblique 
ovate, acute, 4 lin. long, much more produced on the upper side of 
the midrib, broadly rounded on the upper side at the base, not 
imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane one-fourth as 
long, oblique ovate, acute, not imbricated. Spikes short, 4 lin. 
diam. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, membranous, strongly keeled. 


SELAGINELLACE., 69 


Hab. On stones at the foot of Mount Chimborazo, at an altitude of 
3000 ft., Spruce! A near ally of S. rotundifolia. 

134. S. armata Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 90. — Stems 
filiform, trailing, 1-2 in. long, the distant pinnately arranged 
branches simple or forked. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous 
and ascending towards the tip of the branches, spaced and 
spreading on the main stem, ovate or oblong, acute, 4 lin. long, 
conspicuously ciliated on both sides from base to tip, pale green, 
membranous, rather more produced on the upper side of the 
midrib, cordate at the base and imbricated over the stem; leaves 
of the upper plane half as long, oblique oblong, acute, strongly 
ciliated. Spikes short, square, 4 lin. diam. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 
strongly keeled, conspicuously ciliated. 

Hab. Cuba, Wright 3908! 


135. S. Cunnincuami Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 110.—Stems 
trailing, 3-6 in. long, copiously pinnate, the lower branches con- 
siderably compound. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous and 
ascending on the branchlets, rather spaced and spreading on the 
stem, oblique ovate or oblong, subacute, 4-3 lin. long, bright green, 
membranous, very unequal-sided, very cordate and shortly ciliated 
on the upper side at the base and much imbricated over the stem ; 
leaves of the upper plane half as long, oblique ovate, with a 
distinct cusp. Spikes copious, 4-3 in. long, 4 lin. diam.; bracts 
ovate-lanceolate, crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Prof. Cunningham! Glaziou 5217! 7039! 


136. S. rHopospora Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 111.—Stems 
very slender, entirely trailing, copiously pinnate, the lower branches 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced, spreading, oblong, 
acute, $ lin. long, bright green, membranous, nearly equilateral, 
conspicuously ciliated on both edges, cordate on the upper side at 
the base, and imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane 
half as long, oblique ovate, with a large cusp. Spikes short, 
copious, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, crowded, strongly 
keeled in the upper half. 

Hab. Eastern Cuba, Wright 1824! 


137. S. Morirziana Spring Mon. i. 249.—Stems trailing, inter- 
matted, 4-1 ft. long, flat on the back, flat or sulcate on the face, 
copiously pinnate, the lower branches often considerably compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane spaced and spreading even on the 
branches, oblique ovate, acute, a line long, bright green, firmer in 
texture than in apus and brasiliensis, uneqnal-sided, more produced 
on the upper side of the midrib, slightly cordate and shortly 
ciliated on the upper side at the base, and a little imbricated over 
the stem; leaves of the upper plane half as long, oblique ovate, 
acute. Spikes short, 1 lin. diam.; bracts uniform or slightly 
dimorphic, ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Andes of Venezuela, New Granada, and Ecuador, ascending to 
10,000 ft. A near ally of S. apus and brasiliensis. In Crypt. Nov. Gran. p. 367, 
A. Braun defines six varieties. S. porphyrospora A. Br. Crypt. Noy. Gran. 369, 
gathered in Mexico by Sartorius, differs from Moritziana by having branches 
with excurrent whip-like ends, like those of flagellata and cladorhizans, 


70 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


138. S. penpricora Jenman.— Stems trailing, 3-6 in. long, 
copiously pinnate; branches distant, short, spreading, simple or 
forked. Leaves membranous, bright green; those of lower plane 
spaced out, erecto-patent, oblique broad ovate, 1-16th in. long, 
produced on upper side of distinct midrib, and broadly rounded at 
base; those: of upper plane half as long, ascending, broad ovate, 
cuspidate. Spikes copious, slender, square, erecto-patent from the 
main stem, an inch long; bracts ovate, acute, sharply keeled. 

Hab. British Guiana; Essequibo and Macourea Rivers, on prostrate logs, 
Jenman 2323 ! 

139. S. expansa Sodiro Recens. Crypt. Vase. Quit. 95.—Stems 
slender, trailing, diffusely branched from the base; branches short, 
the lower bipinnate. Leaves light green, those of the lower plane 
spaced out except at the tip of the branchlets, patent, obliquely 
attached, unequal-sided, acute, rounded on the upper margin and 
minutely auricled at the base, adnate to the stem on the lower; 
leaves of the upper plane ovate-lanceolate, unequal-sided, slightly 
faleate, prominently keeled. Spikes short, square; bracts ovate, 
acuminate, distinctly keeled. 

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Sodiro. 


140. S. prasmiensis A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 874. S. cras- 
sinervia, polysperma, and apus, ex parte Spring. S. apus Fée Fil. 
Bras. Suppl. 98. S. Beyrichti A. Br. Lycopodium brasiliense Raddi 
Fil. Bras. 82, tab. 1, fig. 4. L. patulum Gaudich, non Sw.—Stems 
trailing, 2-4 in. long, copiously pinnate, the branches erecto- 
patent, the upper simple, the lower slightly compound. Leaves of 
the lower plane spaced and spreading, except towards the tip of the 
branches, oblique oblong, acute, 3-1 lin. long, bright green, mem- 
branous, more produced on the upper side of the midrib, cordate at 
the base on the upper side, distinctly ciliated and imbricated over 
the stem ; leaves of the upper plane half as long, oblique oblong, 
with a distinct cusp. Spikes }-} in. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts 
ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled in the upper half. 

Hab. Common in the southern half of Brazil, from Bahia and Minas 
Geraes to Santa Catherina. A near ally of S. apus. S. polysperma Spring is a 
form with short stems and copious long spikes. S. anocardia A. Br. in Fil. Nov. 
Gran. 374, is said to differ from brasiliensis by its more remote, more obtuse 
leaves of the lower plane; leaves of the upper plane with a shorter cusp and 
anticous bracts not so acuminate, and furnished with a broad keel, which is 
strongly toothed in the upper part. 

141. §. nupovicrana A. Br. in Ann. Se. Nat. 4 ser., xiii. 58. 
S. apus var. denticulata Spring Mon. il. 77. — Stems slender, 
copiously pinnate, flat on both back and face, reaching a length of 
half a foot, the upper branches simple, the lower slightly compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane much spaced below the tip of the 
branches, spreading, ovate-oblong, subacute, firmer in texture than 
in apus, 4-% lin. long, serrulate, not distinctly ciliated, more 
produced on the upper side of the midrib, broadly rounded at the 
base, and imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane half 
as long, oblique oblong, cuspidate. Spikes 4-3 in. long, 1 lin. 
diam. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, a line long, strongly keeled. 


SELAGINELLACE. 71 


Hab. Alabama and Louisiana, Drummond 485. A near ally of S. apus. 
Well known in cultivation. 

142. S. prnervis Liebm. S. sarmentosa Liebm., non A. Br. 
S. Moritziana Fourn. Crypt. Mex. 148, vix Spring.—Stems trailing, 
2-4 in. long, copiously pinnate, the short erecto-patent branches 
mostly simple. Upper leaves of the lower plane close, erecto- 
patent; lower spaced, spreading, ovate, acute, at most a line long, 
firm in texture for this group, more produced on the upper side of 
the midrib, spuriously 2-nerved, very cordate, shortly ciliated, and 
much imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; 
leaves of the upper plane half as long, oblique ovate, with a long 
cusp. Spikes short, under 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 
strongly keeled. | 

Hab. Mexico, Liebmann! A near ally of S. Moritziana, with which 
Fournier unites it. 

148. S. muscosa Spring Mon. ii. 100.—Stems slender, flaccid, 
twisted, trailing, tufted, 3-4 in. long, copiously pinnate, the lower 
branches sparingly compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced, 
ovate, subobtuse, a line long, unequally spreading, sometimes 
inflexed or reflexed, subcordate on both sides at the base, more 
produced on the upper, minutely ciliated, and imbricated over the 
stem; leaves of the upper plane scarcely smaller, curved, con- 
vergent, aristate. Spikes short, square; bracts ovate acuminate, 
strongly keeled. 


Hab. Damp woods at Rio Janeiro, Luschnath. 


144. S. apus Spring Mon. i. 75, ex parte. S. albidula Spring 
Mon. 11.95. Lycopodium apodum Linn.! L. albidulum Sw.—Stems 
slender, trailing, densely matted, 1-4 in. long, angled on the face, 
the short distant erecto-patent branches simple or forked. Leaves 
of the lower plane spaced below the tip of the branches, the upper 
spreading, the lower reflexed, ovate, acute, } lin. long, pale green, 
membranous, unequal-sided, more produced on the upper side of 
the midrib, serrulate, not distinctly ciliated, cordate on the upper 
side at the base, and a little imbricated over the stem; leaves of 
the upper plane half as long, ovate, shortly cuspidate. Spikes 
4-4 in. long, 1-12th to 1-8th in. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, mem- 
branous, about a line long, strongly serrulate, acutely keeled in the 
upper half. 7 

Hab. Canada, and through the United States to Texas. Common in 
cultivation. Interesting geographically as a representative in the temperate zone 
of a characteristically tropical group. 

145. S. prasina Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 113. — Stems 
slender, square, trailing, intermatted, 1-2 in. long, flat on the face, 
with a few short spreading simple branches. Leaves of the lower 
plane, the upper contiguous and ascending, the lower spreading and 
spaced, ovate, obtuse or subacute, 4 lin. long, bright green, mem- 
branous, unequal-sided, more produced on the upper side of the 
midrib, broadly rounded on the upper side at the base, obscurely 
ciliated, and a little imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper 
plane half as long, ovate or oblong, acute, not cuspidate. Spikes 


72 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


short, copious, 4 lin. diam.; bracts suborbicular, cuspidate, mem- 
branous, strongly keeled in the upper half. 
Hab. Eastern Cuba, C. Wright 1825! 1825b! s 


146. S. conrerta Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 113.—Stems very 
slender, trailing, intermatted, 1-2 in. long, copiously pinnate, the 
lower branches slightly compound. Leaves of the lower plane close, 
erecto-patent, linear-oblong, obtuse, } line long, bright green, mem- 
branous, equal-sided, rounded, strongly ciliated, and a little 
imbricated over the stem at the base; leaves of the upper plane a 
third to one-fourth as long, oblique oblong, acute. Spikes very 
short, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Cuba, Wright 3909! A near ally of S. albonitens. 


147. S. atBonitEns Spring Mon. i. 80. SS. mollis L’Herminier, 
Fée Fil. Ant. tab. 34, fig. 1.—Stems slender, enti copiously 
pinnate, the upper branches simple, the lower slightly compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane spaced on the main stem, spreading, 
oblong-lanceolate, a line long, subacute, membranous, bright green, 
rather unequal-sided, rounded on the upper side at the base, 
shortly ciliated, and slightly imbricated over the stem; leaves of 
the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, with a distinct cusp. 
Spikes 3-3 in. long, 2 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, very crowded, 
strongly keeled. 

Hab. West Indies; Cuba (Wright 940!); Jamaica, Guadeloupe, Porto 
Rico; South Brazil, Tweedie ! 

148. §. craporuizans A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 366.—Stems 
very weak, trailing, 2-3 in. long, copiously pinnate, the upper 
branches simple, the lower slightly compound, excurrent and whip- 
like at the top, with rudimentary leaves. Leaves of the lower 
plane spaced below the tip of the branches, spreading, oblong, 
lanceolate, subacute, a line long, pale green, membranous, nearly 
equilateral, rounded on both sides at the base, the upper shortly 
ciliated, and slightly imbricated over the stem ; leaves of the upper 
plane a third as long, obovate, distinctly cuspidate. Spikes +4 in. 
long, under 1 lin. diam. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, crowded, strongly 
keeled. 


Hab. Venezuela, at Tovar, Fendler 324! Limestone rocks at Trovadoes, 
on the Rio Tapajoz, Trail 1436! A near ally of S. albonitens. 


149. §. pexvrores A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 871. — Stems 
trailing, 2-8 in. long, copiously pinnate, the lower branches 
slightly compound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded and 
ascending towards the tip of the branches, spaced and spreading 
on the main stem, oblong-lanceolate, subacute, a line long, bright 
ereen, firmer in texture than in albonitens, rather more produced 
on the upper side of the midrib, not ciliated, cordate on the upper 
side at the base, and imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper 
plane half as long, oblique ovate, acute, not cuspidate. Spikes 
square, 3-1 in. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, rigid, 
strongly keeled. 


Hab. Inundated caatingas at Panuré, on the Rio Uapes, Spruce 2535! 
A near ally of S. albonitens, 


SELAGINELLACER, 73 


150. S. ruacenitata Spring Mon. u. 208. — Stems trailing, 
intermatted, half a foot long, the branches erecto-patent, the 
lower copiously compound, the branchlets excurrent and whip-like 
at the end. Leaves of the lower plane ovate-lanceolate, very acute, 

-above a line long, pellucid, bright green, more produced on the 
upper side of the midrib, rounded at the base, shortly ciliated, and 
imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, 
ovate-acuminate, falcate, convergent. Spikes 4-4 in. long; bracts 
very acuminate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. In French Guiana, on rocks on the banks of the streams of Upper 
Oyapok, Leprieur. 

151. S. rarzorpnora Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 244.—Stems 
very slender, trailing, half a foot long, closely pinnate, the erecto- 
patent branches copiously compound, both branches and main stem 
often excurrent and whip-like at the tip. Leaves of the branchlets 
oblong-lanceolate, contiguous and ascending, of the main stem 
ovate-lanceolate, spaced and nearly spreading, acute, 1-12th to 
1-8th in. long, bright green, membranous, rather unequal-sided, 
broadly rounded, serrulate, and a little imbricated over the stem on 
the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
oblique ovate, witha long cusp. Spikes square, }-4 in. long, 4 lin. 
diam.; bracts crowded, ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. In woods near the towns of San Juan and Panama, Seemann 29! 32! 


Series Il.—AscENDENTES. 
Group 1.—Suberecte. 


152. S. yvemensis Spring Mon. 11.198. S.adunca A. Br. Lyco- 
podium yemense Sw. Syn. Fil., tab. 4, fig. 4. Stems 6-9 in. long, 
wiry, decumbent and unbranched, with root-fibres from the nodes 
in the lower part, decompound upwards, with dense erecto-patent 
flabellately compound branches. Leaves obscurely dimorphous, 
those of the lower plane imbricated, usually adpressed to the stem, 
rarely erecto-patent, oblong, cuspidate, 4 lin. long, rigid in texture, 
with a distinct white serrulate edge; those of the upper plane 
rather shorter :and more erect. Spikes short, square, 2-1 lin. 
diam.; bracts deltoid, with a long cusp, strongly keeled. 

Hab. West Himalayas, ascending 3000 ft. in Gurwhal, and mountains of 


Arabia and Abyssinia. A near ally of sanguinolenta and borealis, and a con- 
necting link between the subgenera Huselaginella and Stachygynandrum. 


1538. S. BorEauis Spring Mon. i. 96. S. Jacquemontit Spring 
Mon. ii. 124. Lycopodium boreale Kaulf. — Stems densely matted, 
terete, very slender, wiry, bright red, usually ascending, forked low 
down, reaching a length of half a foot or more, distantly pin- 
nately branched, with short copiously compound branches. Leaves 
slightly dimorphous, those of the lower plane close, erecto-patent, 
obovate, 4 lin. long, cuspidate, firm in texture, convex on the back, 
with a distinct keel, slightly oblique; those of the upper plane 
erect and rather smaller. Spikes square +4 in. long, 4 lin. diam. ; 
bracts deltoid, acute, imbricated, 4 lin. long, angular on the back. 


74 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Hab. Eastern Siberia, Kamschatka, and Eastern Himalayas. Habit of S. 
sanguinolenta, from which it differs by its slightly dimorphous leaves. Rarely 
the stems are decumbent, with root-fibres from the upper nodes. 

154. §. neocatepvonica Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 245.—Stems 
suberect, with root-fibres from the base only, reaching a length of 
half a foot, distantly pinnate, the short erecto-patent branches 
sparingly compound. Leaves of the lower plane close on the 
branchlets, spaced on the main stem, erecto-patent, ovate, subacute, 
bright green, firm in texture, not more than 4 lin. long, nearly 
equal-sided, serrulate, rounded at the base on the upper side, and 
a little imbricated over the stem ; leaves of the upper plane half as 
long, ovate, acute, not cuspidate. Spikes short, square, }lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate, strongly keeled, scarcely longer than the sporangia. 

Hab. New Caledonia, in damp places on the mountains of Balade, 
Vieillard 1690! “zg 

155. S. Macermurvrayi Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 245.—Stems 
reaching a length of 6-9 in., suberect, with root-fibres from the 
base only, bisulcate on the face, scarcely at all branched in the 
lower third or quarter, distantly branched upwards, the branches 
ascending and little compound. Leaves of the lower plane con- 
tiguous on the branchlets, much spaced on the stem, nearly 
spreading, ovate-oblong, obtuse, flat, 1 lin. long, bright green, 
moderately firm in texture, nearly equal-sided, rounded and shortly 
ciliated, and a little imbricated over the stem at the base on the 
upper side; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate, acute. 
Spikes short, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly 
keeled, scarcely longer than the sporangia. 

Hab. Isles of Pines, in clefts of rock near the summit of the main peak, 
Macgillivray 729! Milne 208! 

156. S. parpata Spring Mon. u. 204, ex parte.—Stems suberect, 
half a foot long, with root-fibres from the base only, copiously 
pinnate, angled on the face, the close erecto-patent branches 
copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane close on the 
branches, spaced on the stem, ovate, acute, ascending, a line long, 
bright green, moderately firm in texture, nearly equal-sided, broadly 
rounded and ciliated on both sides at the base, imbricated on the 
upper side over the stem; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
oblique ovate, acute. Spikes short, 1 lin. diam.; bracts deltoid, 
with a long cusp, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Philippines, Cuming 2014! 


157. S. suserecta Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 245. 98. barbata : 


Spring Mon. i. 204, ex parte.— Stems suberect, 6-9 in. long, 
rounded on the back, acutely angled on the face, little branched in 
the lower third, copiously branched upwards with crowded ascénd- 
ing very compound branches. Leaves of the lower plane crowded 
and much imbricated on the branchlets, nearly contiguous on the 
main stem, ascending, oblique ovate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, 
bright green, moderately firm in texture, more produced on the upper 
side of the midrib, shortly ciliated on the upper side, very cordate 
on the upper side at the base, and much imbricated over the stem ; 


a 
i: 

— 

f 

7 


SELAGINELLACE, 75 


leaves of the upper plane half as long, oblique ovate, cuspidate, 
much imbricated on the branchlets. Spikes not seen. 
Hab. Malacca, Grifith! Upper Yangtze, China, Francis ! 


158. S. acuraneuta Spring Mon. u. 206.— Stem erect, about 
half a foot long, with root-fibres confined to the base, strongly 
angled down the face, decompound, closely pinnate, the ascending 
branches copiously pinnate. Leaves of the lower plane rather 
spaced both on the stem and branches, spreading, lanceolate- 
rhomboid, acute, bright green, moderately firm in texture, 1-12th in. 
long, unequal-sided, more rounded, strongly ciliated and imbri- 
cated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the 
upper plane half as long, ovate, with a long cusp, conspicuously 
ciliated. Spikes square, copious, }-3 in. long, 1 lin. diam. ; bracts 
ovate, acute, crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Malacca, Grifith! 


159. S. erectironia Spring Mon. i. 92. 8S. camptostachys Fée 
Fil. Bras. 225, tab. 75, fig. 8.—Stems 8-6 in. long, suberect, with 
root-fibres from the base only, copiously pinnate, the erecto-patent 
branches considerably compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
ascending and contiguous both on the stem and branches, oblong- 
lanceolate, acute, bright green, moderately firm in texture, 4 lin. 
long, nearly equal-sided, rounded, shortly ciliated and imbricated 
over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper 
plane half as long, ovate, cuspidate, much imbricated. Spikes 
square, +4 in. long, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly 
keeled. 


Hab. Rio Janeiro, Swainson! Glaziou 2242! 


160. S. Prarcer Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 246. — Stems 
suberect, 6-9 in. long, with root-fibres from the base only, bisulcate 
down the face, copiously pinnate, the erecto-patent branches 
considerably pinnately compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
spreading or rather ascending, contiguous on the branches, spaced 
on the main stem, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-1 lin. long, dark 
green, moderately firm in texture, rather unequal-sided, rounded 
and shortly ciliated and imbricated over the stem on the upper side 
at the base ; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate, acute, 
much imbricated. Spikes short, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, 
serrulate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Cordilleras of Pozuzo, alt. 6000 ft., Pearce ! 


161. 8. serigkra Jenm. in Journ. Bot. 1886, 273. — Stems 
suberect, 3-1 ft. long, usually rooting at the base only, but some- 
times also at the caudate tip, copiously compound; branchlets 
erecto-patent, lower compound, rhomboid. Leaves bright green, 
moderately firm in texture, those of the lower plane close, ascend- 
ing, oblong, 4in. long, with an oblique point and distinct midrib, 
more produced and more rounded at the base on the upper side, 
copiously ciliated on both sides downwards ; leaves of the upper 
plane half as long, ascending, ovate cuspidate. Spikes short, 
square; bracts ovate, similar to the leaves in texture. 

Hab. Jamaica, Wilson 136! Morris 503! Sherring! 


76 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Group 2.—Atrovirides. 


162. S. microczapa Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 246. —Stems 
suberect, 4-6 in. long, with root-fibres only from the lower part, 
flat on the back, bisulcate down the face, flabellately decompound, 
the leaflets of all the branchlets very much smaller than those of 
the stem. Leaves of the lower plane spaced even on the branchlets, 
spreading or ascending, oblique ovate, subacute, 4 in. long, pale 
green, moderately firm in texture, very unequal-sided, not all 
ciliated, broadly rounded and much imbricated over the stem on 
the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
ovate, shortly cuspidate. Spikes not seen. 


Hab. Chong-tong, Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft., Dr. Anderson 1404! 


163 §. Prumea Spring Mon. u. 186. — Stems suberect, 4-1 ft. 
long, the root-fibres confined to the base, bisulcate on the face, flat 
on the back, decompound, the branching between pinnate and 
flabellate. Leaves of the lower plane crowded on the branchlets, 
rather spaced on the main stem, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3-1 in. 
long, bright green, not very firm in texture, very cordate, shortly 
ciliated and much imbricated over the stem on the upper side at 
the base; leaves of the upper plane small, obovate, imbricated, with 
a cusp as long as the blade. Spikes copious +—4 in. long, 1 lin. 
diam.; bracts ovate acuminate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Malay Peninsula, Griffith! Lady Dalhousie! Maingay 1832! 


164. S. rricHozasis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 275.—Stems 
suberect, 3-1 ft. long, angled on the face, flat on the back, the root- 
fibres confined to the base, densely decompound, the crowded 
ascending branches elongated and copiously pinnate, the branchlets 
subflabellate. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, except in the 
lower part of the main stem, ovate-lanceolate, acute, spreading, 
1-1 in. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, very 
unequal-sided, with a large cordate strongly ciliated auricle on the 
upper side at the base, which is much imbricated over the stem ; 
leaves of the upper plane small, obovate, much imbricated, with a 
cusp as long as the blade. Spikes copious, +-} in. long. 1 lin. 
diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Penang, Wallich! (included in Herb. Ind.funder No. 120); Singapore, 
Sir W. Norris! <A near ally of S. Plumea. 


165. S. cocuteata Spring Mon. ui. 121. Lycopodium cochleatum 
Hook. & Grev. — Stems suberect, tetragonous, about a foot long, 
decompound, the branching midway between pinnate and flabellate. 
Leaves of the lower plane crowded, spreading, oblong-rhomboid, 
obtuse, 4 in. long, bright green, rigid in texture, unequal-sided, 
dilated, broadly rounded and serrulate on the upper side at the 
base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate, with a long 
cusp, much imbricated. Spikes square, }-} in. long, 1 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate, with a long cusp, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Adam’s Peak, Ceylon, Moon! Ihave seen only Hooker and Greville’s 
single type-specimen, which is in the herbarium of the British Museum. 


SELAGINELLACES. 77 


166. S. arroviripis Spring Mon. i. 124. S. trinervia, inter- 
media, and Blumeit Spring Mon. u. 125-128. Lycopodium atroviride, 
Wall. Cat. No. 120; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 389. LD. furcatum 
Roxb. LL. intermedium Blume. — Stems suberect, 4-1 ft. long, 
bisulcate down the face, flat on the back, the root-fibres confined to 
the lower part, decompound, the branching between dichotomous 
and pinnate. Leaves of the lower plane close both on the stem 
and branches, spreading or rather ascending, oblong-rhomboid, 
subobtuse, 1-5th to 1-4th in. long, spuriously 3-nerved, bright 
green, rather firm in texture, unequal-sided, broadly rounded, 
obscurely or distinctly ciliated and imbricated over the stern on the 
upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
oblong, with a long cusp, much imbricated. Spikes square, 4-1 in. 
long, 1 lin. diam. ; bracts ovate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Madras, Malay Peninsula and Islands, South China, Hong-Kong 
and Formosa. Well known in cultivation. 

167. §. anopecuromwEes Baker in Trimen’s Journ. 1881, p. 368. 
—Stems ascending, above a foot long, with several ascending 
simple or 2-3 furcate branches. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, 
oblique lanceolate, 34-4 lin. long, produced on the upper side at 
the base, with a large cordate auricle imbricated over the stem, 
moderately firm in texture, bright green, not ciliated; leaves of the 
upper plane ovate, ascending, much imbricated, 4 in. long, not 
cuspidate. Spikes square, }~1 in. long, 4 in. diam., 2-8-nate from 
the tip of the branches; bracts rigid, uniform, ovate acuminate, 
erecto-patent, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Borneo, Curtis 83! The finest of the Old World Ascendentes, 
rivalling articulata in the breadth of its leafy stems. 


168. S. Cuminerana Spring Mon. ii. 126.— Stems suberect, a 
foot or more long, flat on the back, bisuleate down the face, 
copiously pinnate, the ascending branches again copiously pin- 
nately compound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded on the 
branches, spaced on the lower part of the main stem, spreading or 
rather ascending, oblong-rhomboid, obtuse, spuriously 38-nerved, 
bright green, moderately firm in texture, nearly equal-sided, 
rounded and shortly ciliated on both sides at the base, laterally 
attached and not imbricated on the upper side over the back of the 
stem ; leaves of the upper plane oblique obovate, much imbricated, 
not at all cuspidate. Spikes square, 1-2in. long, 1 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate acuminate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Philippines, Cuming 2011! 2012! A plant from Borneo, Motley 829 !, 
differs by having cusps to its leaves of the upper plane. 


162. S. Katsreyerr Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 276.— Stems 
1-14 ft. long, ascending from a decumbent base, the root-fibres 
confined to the base, the face angled, the few ascending pinnz 
elongated, lanceolate, 2-3-pinnate, sometimes whip-like at the tip, 
the final branching subflabellate, the ultimate divisions 4-4 in. 
long, $in. broad. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous on the 
final branches, spaced on the pinne and main stem, oblong- 
lanceolate, acute, ascending, falcate, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright 


78 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


green, moderately firm in texture, dilated, broadly rounded, 
strongly ciliated and imbricated over the stem on the upper side at 
the base; leaves of the upper plane very small, obovate, with a 
cusp as long as the lamina. Spikes not seen. 

Hab. Cameroon Mountains, 2500 ft., Kalbreyer 164! A near ally of S. . 
nvonospora. 

170. S. oxtcoctapa Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 277.— Stems 
ascending, a foot or more long, slender, stramineous, flat on both 
back and face, copiously pinnate, the erecto-patent branches 
sparingly pinnately compound. Leaves of the lower plane con- 
tiguous or nearly so on the branches, rather ascending, oblique 
ovate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, dark green, moderately firm 
in texture, dilated on the upper side, serrulate, broadly rounded and 
much imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; 
leaves of the upper plane a third as long, ovate, with a short cusp. 
Spikes short, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, strongly 
keeled. 

Hab. Andes of Ocana, New Granada, alt. 8000—9000 ft., Kalbreyer 1080 ! 


171. S. vernicosa Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. new ser. Bot. ii. 
t. 56a.—Stems decumbent at the base, then ascending, 3-4 in. 
long; branches long, simple or compound, 4 in. diam. Leaves 
thick and firm in texture, glossy green, those of the lower plane 
crowded, imbricated, ascending, ovate, obtuse, 1-12th in. long, 
minutely ciliated; those of the lower plane more than half as long, 
ovate, much imbricated. Spikes very short; bracts large, ovate. 

Hab. British Guiana; Mount Roraima, Im Thurn 381! Var. oligoclada 
Baker, tab. 56 B, has only a few long simple branches. 

172. S. necunanis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 277.— Stems 
about + ft. long, suberect, with the root-fibres confined to the lower 
third, bisulcate down the face, regularly pinnate, the lower branches 
copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane rather spaced, 
except at the tip of the branchlets, rather ascending, ovate- or 
oblong-lanceolate, acute, a line long, bright green, rather thin in 
texture, unequal-sided, serrulate, not distinctly ciliated, broadly 
rounded and a little imbricated over the stem on the upper side at 
the base ; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, 
with a short cusp. Spikes 4-4 in. long, square, 4-1 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate cuspidate, crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. In Eastern Peru, near Tarapoto, Spruce 3977! 


173. S. assurcens Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 277. — Stems 
suberect, decompound, 3 ft. long, convex on the face, flat on the 
back, the close ascending branches copiously compound. Leaves 
of the lower plane contiguous on the branchlets, spaced on the 
branches and main stem, ascending, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 
1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, 
rather wnequal-sided, broadly rounded, denticulate and a little im- 
bricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the 
upper plane half as long, ovate, with a long cusp. Spikes copious, 
square, +-} in. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly 


keeled. 


~ 


SELAGINELLACES. 79 


Hab. South Brazil, Gardner 76! Burchell 2238! Glaziow 5215! 5637! 
7968! Midway between erectifolia and Martensit. 


174. S. susncautescens Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 277.—Stem 
above + ft. long, stiffly erect, acutely angled on the face, simple 
near the base, closely pinnate, with erecto-patent copiously com- 
pound branches. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous and rather 
ascending on the branchlets, much spaced and spreading on the 
main stem, oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. 
long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, broadly rounded and 
shortly ciliated on the upper side at the base, and a little imbri- 
cated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane small, ovate, with 
a long cusp. Spikes short, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate 
cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Eastern Cuba, C. Wright 1822! 


175. S. contiaua Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 295. — Stems 
+ ft. long, suberect, with copious long root-fibres from the lower 
third, decompound, the branching between flabellate and pinnate, 
the face raised, the back flat. Leaves of the lower plane erecto- 
patent, crowded both on the stem and branches, lanceolate, pointed 
at the upper corner, 1-6th to 1-5th in. long, bright green, mode- 
rately firm in texture, unequal-sided, cordate and conspicuously 
ciliated on the upper side at the base, and so much imbricated over 
the stem that it is quite hidden; leaves of the upper plane ovate, 
with a long squarrose ,cusp, much imbricated. Spikes square, 


_ 4-tin. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziowu 4493! 5638! A near ally of Martensii and 
atroviridis. 

176. S. riagmpuna Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 295. — Stems 
stout, stramineous, suberect, above a foot long, with the root-fibres 
confined to the base, copiously pinnate, the ascending branches 
copiously pinnately compound, with short regular simple or forked 
branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous or nearly so on 
the branchlets, ascending, oblique ovate, acute, 3-4 in. long, bright 
green, rather firm in texture, unequal-sided, strongly serrulate on 
the upper margin, broadly rounded and much imbricated over the 
stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half 
as long, ovate, with a large cusp. Spikes copious, short, square, 
2-1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Andes of Ocana, New Granada, alt. 5000—6000 ft., Kalbreyer 972! 
A near ally of S. Martensii. 

177. S. Bantensis Spring Mon. ii. 158. — Stems quadrangular, 
suberect, a foot long, with long copiously pinnate flexuose branches, 
with compound branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane ovate- 
oblong, subacute, subfalcate, + in. long, twice as long as broad, 
horizontal from an oblique base, bright green, rather rigid in 
texture, the margin much reflexed, the upper edge serrulate and 
rounded at the base; leaves of the lower plane ovate, with a long 
cusp. Spikes short, square; bracts ovate lanceolate, strongly 
keeled. 

Hab. Bahia, Blanchet. 


% 
80 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES,. 


178. 8. catrrornica Spring Mon. i. 98.—Stems slender, tufted, 
suberect, 4-6 in. long, tetragonous, copiously pinnate, with erecto- 
patent sparingly compound branches. Leaves of the lower plane 
ascending, crowded on the branchlets, ovate, obtuse, 4 in. long, 
minutely cuspidate, light green, rather rigid, twice as long as 
broad, unequal-sided, subcordate and denticulate on the upper side 
at the base, and imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper 
plane very small, ovate-oblong, cuspidate. Spikes short, simple, 
square ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, sharply keeled. 

Hab. California, Deppe. I have not seen this. 


179. S. Martens Spring Mon. 11.129. 8S.-Poppigiana Hook, 
Fil. Exot, t. 56, non Spring. Lycopodium flabellatum Mart. & Gal., 
non Linn.—Stems 4-1 ft. long, trailing in the lower half, with 
copious long root-fibres, ascending in the upper half, decompound, 
the branching between pinnate and flabellate, flat or terete on the 
back, strongly angled in the lower part on the face. Leaves of the 
lower plane usually crowded, erecto-patent, oblong-lanceolate, sub- 
obtuse, bright green, moderately firm in texture, unequal-sided, 
broadly rounded, serrulate, not distinctly ciliated, and a little 
imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of 
the upper plane half as long, oblique oblong, with a long cusp, 
much imbricated. Spikes 4-4} im. long, square, 1 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Common in Mexico. This is now the commonest species in 
European gardens, next to S. Kraussiana. In Ann. Se. Nat. series 4, vol. 13, p. 
67, A. Braun fully defines its varieties. The most striking is divaricata, with 


fewer and more divaricating branchlets than in the type, and smaller and less 
crowded leaves. 


180. S. xrpHopHytua Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 296. 8S. flaccida 
Spruce MSS., non Spring.—Stems suberect, 4 ft. long, forked low 
down, with copious long radicles from near the base, terete on the 
back, decompound, with branching between pinnate and flabellate. 
Leaves of the lower plane close on both branches and branchlets, 
erecto-patent, lanceolate, acute, 4-4 in. long, nearly equal-sided, 
bright green, not so firm in texture as in Martensti, rounded and 
shortly ciliated, and a little imbricated over the stem on the upper 
side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate, with 
a cusp as long as the lamina. Spikes copious, square, 1 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate-lanceolate, crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Mount Guayrapurima, Eastern Peru, Spruce 3990! Differs from 
sulcata by its suberect habit and continuous stems. 

181. 8. sompycina Spring Mon. u. 191.— Stem a foot or more 
long, suberect, bisulcate down the face, copiously pinnate, the 
branches erecto-patent, the lower elongated and again regularly 
closely pinnate. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous, rather 
ascending, lanceolate, rather faleate, pointed at the upper corner, 
1-1 in, long, dark green, moderately firm in texture, unequal-sided, 
very cordate, strongly ciliated and much imbricated over the stem 
on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane a third 
to one-fourth as long, oblique ovate, cuspidate, much imbricated. 


ra 
SELAGINELLACE. 81 


Spikes terminal on the branchlets, 4-1 in. “ong, square, 1 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate-lanceolate, very crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Andes of Eastern Peru, Matthews 1781! Spruce 4628! A very fine 
and well-marked species. 

182. S. carysoneuca Spring Mon. 1.197. 8S. Sprucei Hook. 2 
Cent. Ferns, t. 88. — Stems a foot long, trailing or simple in the 
lower half, with long root-fibres, deltoid and ascending in the upper 
half, with simple or forked ascending branches. Leaves of the 
lower plane crowded and spreading horizontally both on the stem 
and branches, lanceolate, subobtuse, 4-3 in. long, bright green, 
moderately firm in texture, rather unequal-sided, serrulate, broadly 
rounded on the upper side at the base, and much imbricated over 
the stem; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate, with a 
long cusp, much imbricated. Spikes copious, lateral, square, 
4-1 in. long, 1-12th to 1-8th in. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 
crowded, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Andes of Peru, D’Orbigny! Spruce 4623! Pearce! New Granada, 
Kalbreyer 962! A very fine and distinct species. 

188. S. rupeLtta Moore in Gard. Chron. 1871, 902, fig. 190.— 
Stems a foot long, suberect, with root-fibres from the lower half, 
reddish brown, bisulcate on the face, pinnately branched, the lower 
branches cuneate, with 5-7 branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane 
spreading or rather ascending, crowded on the branchlets, oblique- 
oblong, obtuse or obscurely cuspidate, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, 
moderately firm in texture, dark green, turning reddish with age, 
more produced on the upper side at the base, where it is ciliated and 
imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
ovate cuspidate, much imbricated. Spikes square, 4-1in. long, 
1 lin. diam. ; bracts deltoid, with a long cusp, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Native country unknown. Introduced into cultivation by Mr. B. L. 


Williams about 1870. Intermediate in general habit between Martensii and 
concinna. 


Group 3.—Articulate. 


184. S. eprruizos Spring Mon. ii. 218. — Stems 1-2 ft. long, 
decumbent in the lower part, with long root-fibres from the nodes, 
forked low down, sulcate down the face, ascending in the upper 
part, copiously pinnate, with short erecto-patent simple or little- 
compound branches. Leaves of the lower plane crowded on the 
branches, spaced on the stem, rather ascending, oblong-lanceolate, 
acute, rather falcate, bright green, moderately firm in texture, 
1-6th to 1-5th in. long, unequal-sided, not ciliated, broadly rounded, 
and a little imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base ; 
leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, much 
imbricated, not cuspidate. Spikes square, }-+ in. long, 1 lin, diam. ; 
bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 

Hab. French Guiana, Leprieur! Dutch Guiana, Hostmann, Kappler. 
British Guiana, Jenman 645! 

185. S. Gateotre: Spring Mon. ii. 220. 8S. vewata Liebm. 
Lycopodium stoloniferum and fruticulosum Mart. & Gal. — Stems 

G 


“~ 
82 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


1-2 ft. long, suberect, with root-fibres from the lower half, some- 
times excurrent and ‘whip. like at the tip, flat on the back, bisulews 
on the face, copiously pinnate, the branches pryamidal and 
decompound. Leaves of the lower plane close on the branchlets, 
spaced on the branches and stem, ascending, lanceolate or oblong- 
lanceolate, acute, 4-2 in. long, bright green and moderately firm 
in texture, more produced on the upper side of the midrib, laterally 
attached, not imbricated over the stem, broadly rounded and shortly 


ciliated on the upper side at the base, truncate and auricled on the | 


lower ; leaves of the upper plane a third to half as long, oblique 
ovate or oblong, acute, much imbricated. Spikes +-4 in. long, 
1 lin. diam., square; bracts ovate cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Common in Mexico, Galeotti 6606! Linden 85! Bourgeaw 1425! 
Hahn 2025! Guatemala, Salvin @ Godman 373! Frequent in gardens. I do 


not think Spring’s Panaman and Bolivian plants are this species, but his S. 
Poeppigiana var. mexicana belongs here. 


186. S. sericea A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 392. — Stems - 


stout, suberect, a foot or more long, flat on the back, deeply 
bisulecate down the face, sending out long radicles from the lower 
nodes, copiously pinnate, the erecto-patent branches flabellately 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded and rather 
ascending on the branches, spaced on the main stem, oblong- 
lanceolate, obtuse, +-} in. long. bright green, firm in texture 
unequal-sided, not ciliated, auricled on both sides at the base, 
dilated and broadly rounded on the upper side, and much imbricated 
over the stem; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique 
ovate, acute. Spikes square, 3-1 in. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts 
ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Andes of Quito, Jameson! Spruce 4716! Sodiro ! Three varieties 
are described by Sodiro in Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. p. 94. 

187. S. antsoris Sodiro Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 94.—Stems 
2-8 ft. long, trailing towards the base, ascending and almost 
sarmentose upwards; branches flaccid, elongated,-pinnate ; branch- 
lets few and short. Leaves soon fading; those of the lower plane 
ovate, very unequal-sided, jin. long, acute or mucronate, produced, 
rounded and shortly auricled on the upper side at the base, 
cuneately truncate on the lower, on both densely ciliated; leaves 
of the upper plane half as long, ovate, faleate, acuminate, densely 
ciliated. Spikes very short, square ; bracts ovate, acute, obscurely 
serrulate. 


Hab. Andes of Quito, alt. 4000 ft., Sodiro. 


188. 8. articutata Spring Mon. iu. 211. Lycopodium articu- 
latum Kunze.—Stem 1-2 ft. long, suberect, with very long radicles 
from the lower nodes, flat on the back, deeply bisuleate down the 
face, copiously pinnate, the ascending branches copiously flabel- 
lately compound. Leaves of the lower plane crowded and more 
or less ascending on the branches, spaced and spreading on the 
main stem, oblong-rhomboid, obtuse, 4-4 in. long, bright green, 
moderately firm in texture, nearly equal-sided, not ciliated, rounded 
and distinctly auricled on the upper side at the base, and a little 


SELAGINELLACE. 838 


imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane a third as 
long, oblique ovate, acute, much imbricated. Spikes square, 
1-1 in. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, crowded, strongly 
keeled. 
Hab. Andes of Eastern Peru, Poppig! Matthews 1085! Spruce 4628! 
Ecuador, in the woods of Archedona, Jameson 714! 
a 
Group 4. —Radiate. 


189. S. pomipprna Spring Mon. i. 105. S. Cumingiana Presl., 
non Spring. Lycopodinm microstachyum Desv.? — Stems slender, 
erect, half a foot long, quadrangular, flat on the face, copiously 
pinnate, the lower branches long and copiously compound. Leaves 
of the lower plane spaced even on the branchlets, erecto-patent, 
oblong, acute, bright green, membranous, } lin. long, nearly equal- 
sided, all the upper margin shortly ciliated, its base rounded, and 
a little imbricated over the stem ; leaves of the upper plane half as 


long, ovate, acute. Spikes short, square, 3 lin. diam.; bracts 


ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 

Var. khasiensis Baker. — Leaves of the lower plane more 
numerous, closer and more spreading, narrower and more acute. 

Hab. The type in the Philippine Islands, Cuming 1999!; the variety 
gathered by Griffith in the Khasia Mountains. 

190. S. Fuaccipa Spring Enum. No. 77. 8S. semicordata Spring 
Mon. ii. 107 ex parte. SS. 7radicans Spring Mon. i. 261. = Lyco- 
podium flaccidum Bory. L. curvatum Dalzell.— Stems suberect, 
4-1 ft. long, the slender root-fibres confined to near the base, 
copiously pinnate, the short erecto-patent branches copiously 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane ascending, contiguous on 
the branchlets, oblong, acute, a line long, bright green mem- 
branous, nearly equal-sided, narrowed to the base, which is neither 
ciliated nor at all imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper 
plane more than half as long, oblique oblong, with a large cusp. 
Spikes copious, slender, 3-1 in. long, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, 
cuspidate. 

Hab. Bombay Ghauts and Neilgherries, Hohenacker 83a! Perottet 1386! 
Jacquemont 689! Pegu, Scott! (a form with a short cusp to the leaves of the 
upper plane). 

191. S. pennata Spring Mon. i. 257. S. crassicaulis Spring 
Mon. ii. 172. Lycopodium pennatum D. Dow. L. crassicaule Hook 
& Grev.—-Stems reaching a foot or more in length, erect, stout and 
conspicuously sulcate, copiously pinnate, the ascending branches 
elongated and very compound. Leaves of the lower plane con- 
tiguous on the branchlets, erecto-patent, pale green, membranous, 
oblong, acute, a line long, nearly equal-sided, not ciliated, not at 
all imbricated over the stem at the base; leaves of the upper plane 
half as long, oblong, acute. Spikes copious, square, 4-3 in. long, 
+ lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Himalayas of Nepaul, Wallich! (mixed in Herb. Ind. under No. 123 


' with S. fulerata). Habit of S. chrysorhizos, but the bracts uniform. 


192. S. mereuina Spring Mon. ii. 81.—Stems suberect, slender, - 


84 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


3-4 in. long, sulcate down the face, the slender root-fibres confined 
to its base, closely pinnate, the ascending branches simple or 
slightly compound. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous on the 
branches, rather spaced on the main stem, oblong-rhomboid with 
a point at the upper corner, 3-4 in. long, pale green, very mem- 
branous, unequal-sided, broadly rounded, not ciliated, and imbricated 
over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper 
plane very small, broad ovate, with a cusp as long as the lamina. 


Spikes short, square, {—-1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly - 


keeled. : 

Hab. In Tenasserim, at Mergui, Grifith! Habit of S. tenera, but the bracts 
uniform. ; 

198. S. Poutrert Hort. Veitch.—-Stems densely tufted, very 
slender, suberect, 2-3 in. long, three or four times dichotomously 
forked, with slender radicles from the lower half. Leaves of the 
lower plane distinctly spaced, spreading, suborbicular, obtuse, 
3 lin. long, bright green, moderately thick in texture, more pro- 
duced on the upper side of the midrib, broadly rounded and 
shortly ciliated on the upper side at the base, and a little imbricated 


over the stem; leaves of the upper plane nearly as long, but ovate, — 


acute, ascending. Spikes slender, 3-1 in. long, 4 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate, acute, lax, scarcely longer than the sporangia. 


Hab. Azores, introduced into cultivation by Messrs. Veitch about 1868. 
Leaves resembling those of S. delicatissima, but habit totally different. 


194. S. asyssrnica Spring Mon. u. 99.—Stems weak, suberect, 
very slender, 3-4 in. long, copiously pinnate, the ascending 
branches sparingly or copiously compound. Leaves of the lower 
plane spaced even on the branchlets, the lower spreading, the 
upper ascending, oblong-lanceolate, acute, a line long, pale green, 
membranous, unequal-sided, broadly rounded, shortly ciliated, and 
imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of 
the upper plane half as long, ovate, cuspidate. Spikes short, 
square, 3 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, sharply keeled. 

Hab. Mountains of Abyssinia, Schimper 1444! Clarence Peak, Fernando Po, 
alt. 8000 ft., Mann 667! Hither this or S. versicolor is probably Lycopodium 
Myosurus of Swartz, gathered by Afzelius at Sierra Leone. 

195. S. versicotor Spring Mon. ii. 123.—Stem slender, sub- 
erect, stoloniferous from the base, copiously pinnate, the ascending 
branches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane con- 
tiguous and ascending, spreading and spaced on the main stem, 
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, 4-4 in. long, 
bright green, membranous, unequal-sided, broadly rounded, 
shortly ciliated, and imbricated over the stem on the upper side at 
the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, broad ovate, with 
a cusp as long as the lamina. Spikes square, 4 lin. diam. ; bracts 
ovate cuspidate, membranous, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Senegambia- Heudelot. Angola, in the provinces of Pungo Andongo, 
and Golungo Alto, Welwitsch 41, 42! 

196. S. minma Spring Mon. i. 86. Lycopodium pusillum 
Leprieur. -— Stem 3-1 in. long, very slender, suberect, simple or 


SELAGINELLACES. «85 


slightly compound. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous and 
ascending in the upper part, spaced and spreading in the lower 
part of the stem, oblong, acute, 3} lin. long, bright green, mem- 
branous, rather unequal-sided, broadly rounded, ciliated, and 
imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of 
the upper plane half as long, ovate, acute. Spikes short, 1 lin. 
diam. ; bracts ovate, acute, similar to the leaves in texture. 
Hab. French Guiana, in grassy places near Cayenne, Leprieur ! 


197. S. pecrEscens Spring in Plant. Vanheurck. 1. 29.—Stems 
suberect, very slender, 1-14 in. long, simple near the base, closely 
pinnate above it, with contiguous copiously compound branches. 
Leaves of the lower plane contiguous above the base of the stem, 
spreading or the upper ascending, oblong-lanceolate, acute, a line 
long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, nearly equal-sided, 
ciliated and cordated, and imbricated over the stem on the upper 
side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, much im- 
bricated, broad ovate, with a cusp as long as the lamina. Spikes 
short, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, crowded, strongly 
keeled. rte 

Hab. Shaded rocks on the Serras of Santarem, Spruce 682*! 943! 


198. S. poretLtomers Spring Mon. il. 97; Feée Fil. Ant. tab. 
34, fig. 3. Lycopodium porelloides Lam. —Stems slender, suberect, 
2-8 in. long, the branches lax, the lower copiously compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane contiguous and ascending on the 
branchlets, spreading, and spaced on the main stem, ovate or 
oblong, subobtuse, a line long, dark green, flaccid, cordate, and 
conspicuously ciliated on the upper side at the base; leaves of the 
upper: plane a third as long, ovate-lanceolate, shortly apiculate. 
Stems short, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate. 

Hab. St. Domingo, Guadeloupe, and Mexico. 


199. §. mouuis A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 360, non Fée.— 
Stems slender, suberect, 3-4 in. long, flat on the face, sulcate down 
the back, closely pinnate, the branches erecto-patent, the lower 
copiously compound. leaves of the lower plane contiguous, 
ascending, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4 lin. long, bright 
green, moderately firm in texture, nearly equal-sided, rounded on 
both sides at the base, strongly ciliated on the upper, and a little 
imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane a third as 
long, oblique ovate, much imbricated, shortly cuspidate. Spikes 
short, square, 2 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 
a New Granada in the forests of Ocana, alt. 4000—6000 ft., Schlim 

200. 5S. conrusa Spring Mon. u. 94. Lycopodium ornitho- 
podioides Sw. Syn. Fil. 184, as regards the West Indian plant.— 
Stems very slender, + ft. long, bisulcate down the face, flat on the 
back, largely pinnate, the ascending branches simple or slightly 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced and ascending both 
on the stem and branches, oblique ovate, acute, 4 lin. long, pale 
green, rather rigid in texture, more produced on the upper side of 
the midrib, broadly rounded and ciliated on the upper side at the 


« « :  . 5 Se 7 
. as “ae 


86 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


base, and imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane half 
as long, oblique ovate, cuspidate. Spikes 4-4 in. long, sharply 
square, } lin. diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Mountains of Jamaica, 5000—6000 ft., Swartz! Wilson 764! Jenman |! 
Will most likely prove to be a montane variety of S. radiata. 


201. S. roramensis Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. ser. ii. t. 
56c. — Stems erect, 4-5 in. long, laxly pinnately branched ; 
branches erecto-patent, little compound. Leaves bright green, 
moderately firm in texture, those of the lower plane spaced out 
even on the branchlets, subpatent, oblique oblong, 1-12th in. long, 
produced on the upper side of the midrib, rounded on both sides at 
the base, minutely ciliated; leaves of the upper plane oblique 
ovate, acute, much imbricated. Spikes slender, square, }-4 in. 
long; bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 


Hab. British Guiana; Mount Roraima, Im Thurn 122! Common in the 
upper part of the Macouria River, Jenman 2324! 


202. §. portroricensis A. Br. Orypt. Nov. Granat. 372.—Stems 
ascending, 4-6 in. long, copiously branched; branches ascending, 
lower copiously compound. Leaves membranous, soon fading ; 
those of the lower plane imbricated on the branchlets, ovate, 
unequal-sided, 4 in. long, much produced on the upper side, very 
cordate at the base, imbricated over the stem and shortly ciliated ; 
leaves of the upper plane ascending, half as long, ovate, aristate. 
Spikes short; bracts ovate, strongly keeled, the lower three times 
as long as the sporangia. 


Hab. Porto Rico, Sintenis 1045! Like radiata in habit and leaf, but much 
more robust. 


208. S. raprata Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 374. So. ciliata A. 
Br. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 68. SS. inerescentifolia Spring 
Mon. ii. 106. 8S. Nove-hollandie Spring Mon. iu. 209. S. Warce- 
wicztit Klotzsch. Lycopodium radiatum Aublet! LL. Nove-hollandie 
Swartz. L. ciliatwm Willd._-Stems slender, suberect, 3-1 ft. long, 
acutely angled down the face, sometimes sending out stolons from 
the base, closely pinnate, the ascending branches copiously com- 
pound, not whip-like at the tip. Leaves of the lower plane 
continuous on the branchlets, spaced on the main stem, erecto- 
patent, oblique ovate, acute, 3-1 lin. long, bright green, rather 
rigid in texture, unequal-sided, very cordate and strongly ciliated, 
and much imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base ; 
leaves of the lower plane half as long, ovate, cuspidate. Spikes 


square, +-1 in. long, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, strongly 
keeled. 


Hab. Tropical America, from Costa Rica and Guiana to Peru, ascending 
the Andes to 8000—9000 ft. S. bulbifera Baker in Gard. Chron. 1867, 950, 
which differs from the type by its decumbent stems sending out copious root- 
fibres in the lower half, many of the lower branchlets excurrent and whip-like at 
the tip, and bearing bulbille, which reproduce the plant, leaves spuriously 
3-nerved and not distinctly ciliated, is most likely a form of this species 
produced by cultivation in a damp warm atmosphere, 


SELAGINELLACER, 87 


Series III.—Rosutatz. 


204. §. invotvens Spring Mon. i. 63. S. circinalis Presl. 
Lycopodium circinale Thunb. Fl. Jap. 341. L. imvolvens Sw. L. 
pulvinatum Hook. & Grev. — Stems very densely tufted, 2-6 in. 
long, deltoid, 2-8 pinnate, branched nearly or quite from the base, 
the branching of all grades between flabellate and pinnate. Leaves 
of the lower plane very crowded, ascending, ovate, with a distinct 
cusp, about a line long, bright green, very thick and rigid in 
texture, serrulate on both margins, nearly equal-sided; leaves of 
the upper plane nearly as long, oblique, ovate-lanceolate, with a 
distinct cusp. Spikes square, 3 lin. diam.; bracts deltoid cuspidate, 
acutely keeled. 

Var. S. Veitchiti Macnab Selag. 10, tab. 1, figs. 1-5. — Leaves 
less cuspidate and not so much imbricated, those of the lower 
plane more curved, those of oS upper more lanceolate. Bracts 
ovate-lanceolate. 

Hab. Japan, Corea, Wes nyay China, the Philippine Islands, and East 
Himalayas. S. texta Hort. is a curious form with long simple stems. 

205. 8. piarrata Spring Mon. u. 73.—Stems in tufts from the 
nodes of a thread-like rhizome, 4-1 in. long, simple in the lower 
two-thirds, deltoid and bipinnate in the upper third, the very close 
divisions rolled together, the branching between pinnate and 
flabellate. Leaves of the lower plane much imbricated, erecto- 
patent, oblong, obtuse, + lin. long, dull green, very rigid in texture ; 
leaves of the upper plane nearly as long, oblique ovate, subacute. 
Spikes not seen. 

Hab. Madagascar, at Ambongo, Pervillé 608 ! 


206. S. uwericata Spring Mon. ii. 70; Decaisne Pl. Arab. t. 7. 
Lycopodium imbricatum Forsk. LL. circinale Desv._-Stems densely 
tufted, erect, 4-1 ft. long, compound only in the lower third, the 
primary and secondary divisions pinnate, the tertiary divisions 
subflabellate and deltoid. Leaves of the lower plane much 
imbricated, ascending, ovate, obtuse or subacute, dark green, 4 lin. 
long, very thick and rigid in texture; leaves of the upper plane 
nearly as long, oblique ovate, acute. Spikes short, square, 4 lin. 
diam. ; bracts ovate, acute, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Arabia, Abyssinia, and Zambesi-land. 


207. S. Sraunronrana Spring Mon. u. 71. S. affinis Milde 
Fil. Kur. 271, non A. Br. — Stems about a span long, branched in 
the upper half, rhomboid, decompound, the primary and secondary 
branching pinnate, the tertiary subflabellate. Leaves of the lower 
plane crowded, ascending, oblique ovate, acute, } lin. long, firm in 
texture, bright green, turning reddish when old; leaves of the 
upper plane half as long, ovate-lanceolate, shortly cuspidate. 
Spikes square, +-} in. long, 3 4 lin. diam. ; bracts ovate cuspidate, 
strongly keeled. 

Hab. North China, Sir G. Staunton, Bushell! Bretschneider 877! 


208. S. Bryopreris Baker in Journ. Bot. 1884, 376. S. tama- 
riscina Spring. Lycopodium bryopteris Linn..Sp. 1567. L. circinale 


88 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Linn. Syst. Veg. xiii. 704, non Linn. herb. L. tamariscinum Desv. 
(Dill. Muse. tab. 66, fig. xi.)—Stems densely tufted, simple in the 
lower two-thirds, deltoid and decompound in the upper third, the 
primary and secondary branching pinnate, the ultimate divisions 
midway between pinnate and flabellate. Leaves of the lower 
plane much imbricated, ascending, ovate cuspidate, dark green on 
the face, pale green on the back, } lin. long, firm and rigid in 
texture, obscurely serrulate; leaves of the upper plane nearly as 
long, oblique ovate, with a large cusp. Spikes short, square, 4 lin. 
diam.; bracts ovate, cuspidate, strongly keeled. 
Hab. Central and Peninsular India. 


209. S. convotuta Spring Mon. ii. 62. 8. hygrometrica Spring. 
Lycopodium bryopteris Aublet, non Linn. L. convolutum Arnott. 
L. hygrometricum Mart. L. revolutum Hook. & Grev. — Stems 
densely tufted, 3-6 in. long, compound nearly to the base, the 
primary branching pinnate, the short broad erecto-patent pinne 
between pinnate and flabellate. Leaves of the lower plane much 
imbricated, ascending, ovate, acute, 4 lin. long, serrulate, bright 
oreen, firm and rigid in texture; leaves of the upper plane half as 
long, oblique ovate, acute. Spikes square, 4-4 in. long, 3-3 lin. 
diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Tropical America from Mexico to South Brazil. This is the plant 
that represents Lycopodium circinale in the herbarium of Linneus; but the 
plant of the younger Linneus in Smith’s collection is an example of S. involvens, 
gathered in Japan by Thunberg. 

209.* §. Prineter Baker. — Stems densely rosulate, hygro- 
metric, the outer 8-4 in. long, the inner gradually shorter, 
flabellately branched ; branchlets close, ascending, 1-12th to 
1-8th in. diam. Leaves firm in texture, bright green; those of 
the lower plane crowded, erecto-patent, oblong, 4 in. long, in- 
cluding the conspicuous horny white awn, which is half as long as 
the blade; those of the upper plane but little smaller, ascending, 
slightly oblique. Spikes short; bracts uniform. 

Hab. Mexico; near Chihuahua, Pringle 271! 


210. §. pruirera A. Br. in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1857, App. 20. 
—Stems densely tufted, 3-4 in. long, copiously compound, cuneate, 
the branching of all grades midway between pinnate and flabellate, 
and the branches erecto-patent. Leaves of the lower plane crowded 
on the branches, rather spaced on the main stem, ascending, 
oblique ovate, 4 lin. long, distinctly cuspidate, pale green, rigid in 
texture, serrulate, dilated and ciliated on the upper side at the base ; 
leaves of the upper plane half as long, oblique lanceolate, similarly 
cuspidate. Spikes square, 4-4 in. long, } lin. diam.; bracts ovate- 
lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Texas, Wright! Plateau of Central Mexico, alt. 6000—8000 ft., 
Parry & Palmer 1008! A rare species in cultivation. 

211. §. peprpopuyiia Spring Mon. u. 72. Lycopodium lepido- 
phyllum Hook. Ic. t. 162-163.—Stems densely tufted, 2-4 in. long, 
branched down to the base, the primary branching closely pinnate, 
the broad cuneate ascending pinne copiously subflabellately com- 


SELAGINELLACES. 89 


pound. Leaves of the lower plane much imbricated, ascending, 
oblique ovate, obtuse, 4 lin. long, thick and rigid in texture, 
minutely ciliated, green on the face, paler on the back, and when 
old tinted red-brown; leaves of the upper plane nearly as long, 
oblique ovate, obtuse. Spikes square, +-4 in. long, 4 ln. diam. ; 
bracts deltoid, acutely keeled. 


Hab. Tropical America from Texas and Mexico to Peru, in exposed places. 


212. S. Orsienrana Spring Mon. i. 68.—— Stems tufted, 4-5 in. 
long, pyramidal, the primary branching pinnate, the branches 
erecto-patent, with very short branchlets. Leaves of the lower 
plane crowded, ovate, subfalcate, cuspidate, above a line long, rigid, 
in texture, dark green above, pale and shining beneath, the upper 
margin membranous and unequally serrulate, the lower not white- 
edged, but shortly rigidly ciliated; leaves of the upper plane half 
as long, ovate acuminate, aristate. Spikes 4-4 in. long, sharply 
square ; bracts ovate acuminate, acutely keeled. 

Hab. Andes of Bolivia, D’Orbigny. Intermediate between cuspidata and 
imbricata. . 

213. S. cusprpata Link. Fil. Hort. Berol. 158. 8S. incana Spring 
Mon. i. 157. 8S. densifolia, pallescens, and reticulata Klotzsch. 
Lycopodium cuspidatum Link. Li. pallescens Presl. — Stems densely 
tufted, about half a foot long, branched nearly or quite from the 
base, the primary branching pinnate, the short rhomboid pinne 
copiously compound with contiguous branchlets. Leaves of the 
lower plane crowded, ascending, oblique ovate, cuspidate, dilated 
and ciliated on the upper side at the base, 4-1 lin. long, pale green, 
white-edged, rigid in texture; leaves of the upper plane nearly as 
long, oblique ovate, cuspidate. Spikes square, 4-4 in. long, 3 lin. 
diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Var. elongata Spring Mon. ii. 67. 8S. sulcangula Spring Mon. 
ii. 163. Lycopodium cordifolium Hort. — Stems reaching a foot or 
more in length, simple in the lower part, the primary branches 
more elongated and more pinnate. 

Hab. Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela, and New Granada. S. incana 
Spring differs from the type by its less crowded, less distinctly cuspidate leaves. 


A common species in cultivation, both the type and var. crispa Hort. S. 
Emiliana Hort. is a form of this species. 


Series [V.—Sarmentosa&. 

214. §. prota A. Br. Lycopodium pictum Griff. —- Stems 
flexuose, sarmentose, suberect, 1-2 ft. long, regularly bipinnate ; 
pinne oblong-lanceolate, caudate, ascending, 4 ft. long, the erecto- 
patent contiguous branchlets always simple, 1-2 in. long. Leaves 
of the lower plane crowded, oblong-lanceolate, falcate, pointed at 
the upper corner, bright green, moderately firm in texture 1-5th to 
1-4th in. long, obscurely petioled, not ciliated, cuneate on the 
upper, rounded on the lower side at the base, not at all imbricated 
over the stem; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique 
oblong, minutely cuspidate, white in the upper half. Spikes 
square, terminal on the branchlets, +-4 in. long, 3 lin. diam. ; bracts 
ovate cuspidate, acutely keeled. 

Hab, Mishme and Patkaye Hills, Hast Himalayas, Griffith ! 


t - = rah 
™~ 9 
whee 


i 


90 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


215, S. Watutcan Spring Mon. ii. 148. 8. stipwlata Spring 
Mon. 1i. 144. 8S. Gaudichaudiana Spring Mon. ii. 149. 8. cyathe- 
oides, canaliculata, and amboinensis Spring. 8S. velwtina Cesati. 
Lycopodium Wallichii Hook & Grev. L. mimosoides Roxb. L. 
elegans Wall. L. stipulatum Blume.—Stems sarmentose, suberect, 
2-38 ft. long; pinne lanceolate, 6-9 in. long, the invariably simple 
crowded erecto-patent pinnules 1-14 in. long, the end one some- 
times 8-4 in. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, oblong-lanceolate, 
slightly falcate, pointed at the upper corner, equal-sided, the lower 
ones of the pinnules 1-8th to 1-12th in. long, the upper growing 
gradually smaller, dark bright green, firm in texture, obscurely 
petiolulate, not ciliated, truncate or slightly cordate on both sides 
at the base, not at all imbricated over the stem; leaves of the 
upper plane one-fourth as long, oblique oblong, shortly cuspidate, 
much imbricated. Spikes square, terminal on the pinnules, $-1 in. 
long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. East Himalayas, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Malay Islands, and 
New Guinea. Common in cultivation, and one of the most ornamental of all 
the garden species. 

216. S. eracizis Moore in Gard. Chron. 1886, i. 752. — Stem 
suberect, subasperous, 2-3 ft. long, copiously pinnately branched; 
pinne lanceolate, 4-5 in. long; branchlets erecto-patent, simple, 
the lower an inch long. Leaves green on both sides, moderately 
firm in texture; those of the lower plane ovate-falcate, not so close 
as in S. Wallichti, produced on the upper side of the midrib and 
rounded at the base, adnate to the stem on the lower side; leaves 
of the upper plane ovate-lanceolate, slightly incurved, cuspidate. 
Spikes slender, square, 4-1 in. long; bracts crowded, ovate 
cuspidate, distinctly keeled. 

Hab. Polynesia. Introduced lately into cultivation by Messrs. Veitch. 


217. S. Lossi Moore. 8S. cognata Hort.—Stems suberect, sar- 
mentose, reaching a length of 3-4 ft.; pine regular, lanceolate- 
deltoid, about half a foot long, cuneate at the base, -the pinnules 
contiguous, erecto-patent, the upper ones simple, the lower forked. 
Leaves of the lower plane contiguous, oblong-lanceolate, falcate, 
acute, 4 in. long on the pinnules, 1-6th to 1-5th in. on the pinna, 
bright green, moderately firm in texture, truncate and rather 
dilated on both sides at the base, not imbricated over the stem; 
leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, cuspidate. 
Spikes square, terminal on the branchlets, 41-3 in. long, 3 ln. 
diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Borneo, Lobb! West Sumatra, Beccari 578! Rare in cultivation. 


218. 8. Vicrorr# Moore in Gard. Chron. 1879,'74. 8S. atro- 
viridis Bracken., non Spring.—Stems suberect, sarmentose, 3-4 ft. 
long; pinne lanceolate-deltoid, usually 6-9 in. long, caudate, the 
upper pinnules erecto-patent and simple, contiguous, the lower 
forked or slightly pinnate. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, 
oblong-lanceolate, falcate, acute, 1-12th in. long, dark bright green, 
firm in texture, equal-sided, obscurely petioled, truncate on both 
sides at the base, not ciliated, not imbricated over the stem; leaves 


SELAGINELLACE. 91 


of the upper plane one-fourth as long, oblique oblong, shortly 
cuspidate, much imbricated. Spikes square, 1—2 in. long, 3-1 lin. 
diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, acutely keeled. 

Hab. Borneo, Low! Gillolo, C. Smith! San Cristoval, J. G. Veitch! 
Fiji, Brackenridge! Daemel 186! Milne 201! Intermediate between Wallichii 
and canalieulata, but nearer the former. Rare in cultivation. 

919. S. meaastacuya Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 20.—Stems 
suberect, sarmentose, 2-3 ft. long; pinne ascending, oblong- 
lanceolate, caudate, 6-9 in. long, the distant ascending pinnules 
with a few distant ascending tertiary branchlets. Leaves of the 
lower plane nearly contiguous on the branchlets, oblong-lanceolate, 
very falcate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright, green, mode- 
rately firm in texture, equal-sided, not ciliated, truncate on both 
sides at the base, not at all imbricated over the stem; leaves of the 
upper plane one-fourth as long, oblique oblong, acute, not cusgpi- 
date. Spikes 4-1 in, long, square, 1-12th to 1-8th in. diam.; 
bracts ovate cuspidate, stramineous, 3 in. long, acutely keeled. 

Hab. New Caledonia, in damp woods at Balade and Wagap, Vieillard! A 
near ally of S. Victoria. 

220. S. mvmquauironia Spring Mon. 1. 148. Lycopodium 
inequalifolium Hook. & Grev. — Stems suberect, sarmentose, 
reaching a length of 3-4 ft.; pinne oblong-lanceolate, about + ft. 
long, the erecto-patent branchlets considerably compound with 
ascending contiguous tertiary divisions. Leaves of the lower plane 
contiguous, oblong-rhomboid, subacute, those of the branches +in., 
of the branchlets 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright green, moderately 
firm in texture, not ciliated, dilated and rounded on the upper side 
at the base, not at all imbricated over the stem; leaves of the 
upper plane half as long, oblique ovate-lanceolate, shortly cus- 
pidate. Spikes square, 3-4 in. long, # lin. diam.; bracts ovate 
cuspidate, strongly keeled. | 

Var. S. perelegans Moore. S. bellwla Moore in Gard. Chron. 1879, 
173, fig. 25, non Cesati. —Stems dwarfy, not more than a foot 
long; pinne shorter, more deltoid, with more compound lower 
branches. Spikes copious, often an inch long. 

Hab. East Himalayas and mountains of Birma and Peninsular India. 
Spring’s Javan plant must, I think, be referred to S. canaliculata. A frequent 
Species in cultivation, but scarcely more than a variety of S. canaliculata in a 
broad sense. 

221. §. canaticunata Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885,21. 8S. caudata 
Spring Mon. i. 189. 8S. Pouzolziana Spring Mon. ii. 142. 9. 
Durvillei A. Br.; Kuhn. Fil. Nov. Hebrid. 17. 8S. conferta Moore. 
S. muricata Cesati. S. sinensis Hort. Lycopodium canaliculatum 
Linn. (Dill. Muse. tab. 65, fig. 6). £. Durvillet Bory Voy. Coquille 
Crypt. t. 25. L. caudatum, planum, and nemorum Desv. —Stems 
suberect, sarmentose, reaching a length of 3-4 ft.; pinne deltoid, 
usually 4-6 in. long, sometimes flexuose and more elongated ; 
lower branchlets copiously compound, the tertiary divisions more 
erecto-patent and not so close as inequalifolia. Leaves of the 
lower plane crowded, oblong-rhomboid, pointed at the upper corner, 
1-12th to 1-8th in. long on the branchlets, bright green, moderately 


oat ‘ 
4 = a 
. iv 


92, HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


firm in texture, not ciliated, cuneate-truncate on the upper, nearly 
square on the lower side at the base, not at all imbricated over the 
stem; leaves of the upper plane ovate-lanceolate, acute, half as 
long. Spikes square, }-1 in. long, 4% lin. diam.; bracts ovate 
cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. East Himalayas, Birma, South China, Philippines, Malay and Poly- 
nesian Islands. Rare in cultivation. 

222. S. anerrensE Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 21. — Suberect, 
with the habit of S. canaliculata, but much dwarfer; pinne patent, 
deltoid, 2-8 in. long and broad, cuneate at the base, the lower 
pinnules with slightly compound tertiary segments, the divisions 
of all grades erecto-patent. Leaves of the lower plane spaced 
even on the branchlets, ascending, ovate-lanceolate, acute, a line 
long on the main branches, much smaller on the ultimate segments, 
bright green, firm in texture, not ciliated, dilated and rounded on 
the upper side at the base, not imbricated over the stem ; leaves of 
the upper plane nearly as long, oblique lanceolate, acute, not 
cuspidate. Spikes square, +-+ in. long, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate 
cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Aneitum, Dr. Turnbull! <A very distinct plant, most like S. canali- 
culata on a smaller scale. 

9223. S. Hooxert Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 21.—Habit of S. 
inequalifolia and canaliculata ; pinne deltoid, 4-1 ft. long, each 
with several regularly pinnate, lanceolate acuminate pinnules, 
with as many as 20 erecto-patent contiguous simple tertiary seg- 
ments, the longest reaching an inch in length on each side. Leaves 
of the lower plane crowded, rather ascending, oblong-lanceolate, 
subacute, bright green, moderately firm in texture, 1-12th to 
1-8th in. long, obscurely petioled, rounded on both sides at the © 
base, more so on the lower, not ciliated, not imbricated over the 
stem; leaves of the upper plane very small, obtuse, with a distinct 
cusp. Spikes square, terminal on the tertiary divisions, }—4 in. 
long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Khasia Mountains, Hook. fil. @ Thomson ! 


224. S. virmaneuta Spring in Plant. Herb. Vanheurck. i. 29. 
—Stems suberect, sarmentose, 3-4 ft. long; pinne deltoid, reaching 
a foot in length, erecto-patent, the pinnules with simple upper and 
compound lower erecto-patent tertiary divisions, the ultimate seg- 
ments usually 4-1 in. long, the branches bright green at the base. 
Leaves of the lower plane contiguous or nearly so on the branchlets, 
lanceolate, falcate, acute, 1-8th to 1-5th in. long (4 in. long and 
much spaced on the pinne), bright green, moderately firm in 
texture, not ciliated, truncate at the base, dilated, especially on the 
lower side, not at all imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper 
plane very small, oblong, with a distinct cusp. Spikes square, 
1-2 in. long, 1 lin. diam. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

sae Mountain forests of Fiji, Seemann 707 bis! Daemel 187! Milne 196! 
545 ! 

225. S. cumensis Spring Mon. ii. 141. Lycopodium chilense 
Willd.—Stems sarmentose, suberect, 2-3 ft. long ; pinne lanceolate 


SELAGINELLACE. 93 


or lanceolate-deltoid, 8-6 in. long, the lower pinnules with 8-10 
tertiary branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous, oblong- 
lanceolate, acute, equal-sided, not ciliated, auricled on the upper 
side at the base, cut away on the lower side; leaves of the upper 
plane a third as long, oblong-lanceolate, very falcate. Spikes 
square, 4 in. long; bracts ovate cuspidate. 


Hab. Mexico, Peru, and Chili. May be conspecific with S. canaliculata. 


Series V.—ScANDENTES. 


226. S. scanpens Spring Mon. ii. 192. Lycopodiwm scandens 
Swartz; Kunze Farrn.t.10. Stachygynandrum scandens P. Beauv. 
Fl. Owar. t. 7. — Stems slender, pale straw-coloured, polished, 
climbing indefinitely; penultimate divisions lanceolate, with a 
flexuose axis, and spreading or ascending parallel spaced simple 
ultimate divisions 3-1 in. long. Leaves of the lower plane con- 
tiguous on the ultimate branchlets, spreading, lanceolate, acute, 
4 in. long, blue-green, rather thin in texture, slightly dilated on the 
upper side at the base, hardly at all imbricated over the stem; 
leaves of the upper plane very small, oblong-lanceolate, cuspidate. 
Spikes square, 4-1 in. long; bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly 
keeled. 


Hab. West Tropical Africa, from Senegambia southward along the coast 
to the Equator. 


227. 8. Witpenovu Baker in Gard. Chron. 1867, 950. S. laevigata 
Spring Mon. 11.187. Lycopodium levigatum Willd., non Lam. L. 
Wildenovit Desv.; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 57. L. pellucidum 
Desy. JL. bicolor and ce@sium-arboreum Hort.--Stems climbing to a 
length of 12-20 ft. or more; pinne spreading, deltoid, reaching a 
length of 1-2 ft., the pinnules deltoid and decompound, the ultimate 
branchlets short and contiguous. Leaves of the lower plane 
crowded, ascending, ovate or oblong, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, 
green with a tint of blue, moderately firm in texture, not ciliated, 
obscurely petioled, cordate on both sides at the base, not imbricated 
over the stem; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique 
oblong, acute, not cuspidate. Spikes square, 4-1 in. long, 2 lin. 
diam. ; bracts suborbicular, with a short cusp, scarcely larger than 
the sporangia. 

Hab. East Himalayas, Philippines, Cochin China, Malay Peninsula and 


Isles. Well known in cultivation. I have not seen the Brazilian plant referred 
here by Spring ; his African locality refers to S. scandens. 


228. S. uxaurata Spring Mon. ii. 145. Lycopodium exaltatum 
_Kunze.—Stems climbing to a length of 50-60 ft.; pinne deltoid, 
reaching a length of 3-4 ft..; pinnules lanceolate, with numerous 
erecto-patent simple parallel tertiary branchlets seldom above an 
inch long. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous, oblong-lanceolate, 
falcate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright green, moderately 
firm in texture, nearly equal-sided, not ciliated, nearly truncate at 
the base, not imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane 
very small, oblique oblong, shortly cuspidate. Spikes square, 


4 Ait ve 
a ’ 


> 


94 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


4-1 in. long, ¢ lin. diam.; bracts broad ovate, little ined than 
the sporangia, “strongly keeled. 


Hab. Forests of Tropical America from Panama to Peru. 


Series VI.—CavLescentEs. 
Group 1.——Flabellate. 


229. S. usta Vieill.; Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 29.—Stems 
9-12 in. long, erect, simple at the base, compound in the upper 
three-quarters, the branches erecto-patent, the lower simple or 
little compound, the upper short, rhomboid, copiously compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane crowded, erecto-patent, ovate or oblong, 
subacute, 4 lin. long, bright green, rigid, dilated, cordate, serrulate, 
and imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves 
of the upper plane a third as long, oblique oblong, acute, much 
imbricated. Spikes sqnare, 4-4 in. long, 4 ln. diam.; bracts 
ovate cuspidate, acutely keeled. 

Hab. New Caledonia, on mountains near Wagap, Vieillard! Panchen’ 


230. S. Arspuscuza Spring Mon. 1. 288. Lycopodium Arbuscula 
Kaulf.—Stems 4-6 in. long, erect, simple in the lower third or 
half, decompound upwards, with deltoid crowded ascending 
branches, the ultimate branching midway between pinnate and 
flabellate. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, ascending, ovate- 
rhomboid, subacute, 4 lin. long, bright green, firm in texture, 
rather produced, broadly rounded, denticulate, and imbricated over 
the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane 
a third as long, oblique ovate, acute, much imbricated. Spikes 
short, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, sharply keeled. 

Hab. Mountains of the Sandwich Islands, 1000—5000 ft. 


931. S. Murtiert Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 122. — Stem 
erect, 6-8 in. long, simple in the lower half or third, decompound 
upwards; pinne crowded, deltoid; final branches close, erecto- 
patent, 4-3 lin. diam. Leaves of the lower plane ovate-lanceolate, 
1-3 lin. long, ascending, rather imbricated on the branchlets, 
bright green, moderately firm in texture; base rounded on both 
sides; midrib central; margin white, denticulate, not anywhere 
distinctly ciliated. Leaves of the upper plane oblique ovate 
cuspidate, about half as long, much imbricated. Spikes short ; 
bracts ovate cuspidate, bright green, as long as the leaves of the 
lower plane. 

Hab. New Guinea, Armit! Edelfeldt! 


232. S. cauLescens Spring Mon. 11.158. S. peltata Presl. S. 
bellula and minutifolia Cesati. Lycopodium caulescens Wall. L. fruti- 
spate! Blume, non Bory. 8S. amena Hort.—Stem generally 

1-1 ft. long, stiffly erect, unbranched in the lower half, with 
ee adpressed leaves, deltoid and decompound in the upper half; 
pinne close, deltoid, with copiously subflabellately compound lower 
pinnules, with contiguous ascending final branchlets 4-1 in. long, 
4 in. broad, liable to curl up in drought. Leaves of the lower 
plane crowded, ovate, falcate, acute, 4-1 lin. long, bright green, 


— 


SELAGINELLACE®. 95 


firm in texture, rather unequal-sided, broadly rounded and shortly 
ciliated on the upper side at the base, and slightly imbricated over 
the stem; leaves of the upper plane a third to one-fourth as long, 
oblique ovate, cuspidate, much imbricated. Spikes square, }-4 in. 
long, 2 lin. diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate. | 

Var. S. japonica Macnab in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. ix. 8.— 
Pinne less crowded, and not so decompound. Leaves of the 
lower plane broad ovate, those of the main stem and pinne nearly 
as broad as long, those of the unbranched part of the stem rather 
spreading. 

Var. S. argentea Spring Mon. ii. 154. Lycopodium argenteum 
Wall.—Larger and more compound, the banded portion often a 
foot long. Leaves of the lower plane thinner in texture, ovate- 
lanceolate, bright green on the upper surface, whitish green 
beneath. 

Var. brachypoda Baker. — Unbranched portion of the stem very 
short; pinne less compound than in the type; leaves rather 
larger. 

Hab. The type, Japan, China, Hast Indies (ascending to 6000 ft. in 


Knmaon), Ceylon, Malay Peninsula and Isles, Philippines, and New Guinea. 
Var. japonica, Japan. Var. argentea, Malay Peninsula. Var. brachypoda, Java. 


233. S. Watrmer: Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 24. —— Stems 
stiffly erect, 4-1 ft. long, decompound and oblong or deltoid in the 
upper haif, the erecto-patent pinne with spaced erecto-patent 
simple and compound lower pinnules, the ultimate branchlets 
1-13 in. long, 4in. diam. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, 
ascending, broad ovate, acute, 3-1 lin. long, bright green, rigid in 
texture, very unequal-sided, dilated, broadly rounded and much 
imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base, not ciliated ; 
leaves of the upper plane half to a third as long, oblique oblong, 
acute, much imbricated. Spikes short, square, 2 lin. diam.; bracts 
ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

Mountains of Samoa, Whitmee 177! 221! 


234. 5. Pennuta Spring Mon. u. 160. 8S. quadrangula Presl. 
S. Presliana Spring. Lycopodium Pennula Desv. — Stems stiffly 
erect, 1-2 ft. long, simple in the lower half, deltoid and decompound 
in the upper half, the lower pinne deltoid, 8-4-pinnate, reaching a 
length of half a foot, the contiguous final branchlets not more than 
3-3 in. long, 2-3 lin. broad. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, 
erecto-patent, oblong-lanceolate, acute, of the branchlets 4 lin. 
long, of the pinne 1 lin., dark green, moderately firm in texture, 
nearly equal-sided, rounded, obscurely ciliated and a little imbri- 
cated over the stem on the upper side at the base, but not entirely 
hiding it; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique 
oblong, acute, much imbricated. Spikes short, copious, square, 
+ lin. diam.; bracts ovate, cuspidate. 

Hab. Philippines, Cuming 2000! and, according to Spring, gathered in the 
Neilgherries by Perrottet. Midway between caulescens and flabellata in general 
habit, but more compound than either of them. 


235. 5S. prerypHytyos Spring Mon. ii. 162. 8. myosuroides 
Presl. — Stem erect, about a foot long, simple in the lower half, 


96 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


deltoid and decompound in the upper half, the lower pinne deltoid, 
the ultimate branchlets not more than 4 in. long, 4 lin. diam. 
Leaves of the lower plane oblong-lanceolate, erecto-patent, 3-1 lin. 
long, acute, contiguous only on the ultimate branchlets, dark green, 
moderately firm in texture, narrowed from the middle to the base, 
nearly equal-sided, hardly at all imbricated over the back of the 
stem ; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblong, shortly 


cuspidate. Spikes short, square, 2 lin. diam.; bracts ovate- 


cuspidate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Philippines, Cuming 2017! Perhaps not more than a variety of S. 
Pennula. 

236. 8. Braun Baker in Gard. Chron. 1867, 1120. 8S. pubescens 
A. Br., non Spring.—Stems 1-14 ft. long, erect, pale stramineous, 
simple in the lower half, decompound, deltoid and flexuose in the 
upper half, the pinne erecto-patent and deltoid, the pinnules 
regular, short, deltoid, spaced, the ultimate branchlets not more 
than 3-4 in. long, 1 line broad. Leaves of the lower plane con- 
tiguous only on the final branchlets, nearly spreading, ovate- 
rhomboid, subobtuse, 3 lin. long, lable to be revolute at both edges, 
dark green, moderately firm in texture, narrowed to a truncate base, 
not imbricated over the back of the pubescent branches ; leaves of 
the upper plane a third to half as long, oblique oblong, shortly 
cuspidate. Spikes short, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts suborbicular, 
cuspidate, little longer than the sporangia. 

Hab. West China, Blakiston! A distinctly marked species, well known in 
cultivation. 

237 S. Grirriran Spring Mon. ui. 151. S. virescens Spring. 
S. brevipes A. Br. — Stems erect, 3-1 ft. long, simple in the lower 
part, deltoid and decompound upwards, the root-fibres sometimes 
extending upwards to where the branching begins, the face bisulcate, 
the lower pinne deltoid, 8-pinnate, the branching of all grades 
pinnate, the ascending contiguous final branchlets 4-4 in. long, 


tin. broad. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous, more or less 


ascending, oblong-rhomboid, subacute, 3-1 in. long, thinner in 
texture than in flabellata, spuriously 3-nerved, dilated, rounded, 
serrulate, and imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the 
base; leaves of the upper plane minute, obovate, with a large cusp. 
Spikes square, 1-4 in. long, } lin. diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, 
strongly keeled. 

Hab. Mountains of Mergui, Griffith! - 


238. 8S. penracona Spring Mon. ii. 150. 8S. implexa Scott.— 
Stems 1-14 ft. long, ascending from a decumbent base, sometimes 
lengthened out and taking root at the tip, simple in lower half or 
third, deltoid and decompound upwards, with 2-3-pinnate deltoid 
lower pinne, the contiguous ascending final branchlets }—1 in. long, 
3-1 in. broad. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous, ascending, 
oblique ovate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright green, 
moderately firm in texture, dilated, obscurely ciliated, broadly 
rounded, and mnch imbricated over the stem on the upper side at 
the base; leaves of the upper plane a third to one-fourth as long, 


Se na "a" s —-s ss 


aD 


SELAGINELLACE. 97 


oblong-lanceolate, acute. Spikes square, short, 4-3 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Eastern Himalayas, and Parasnath. Intermediate in habit between 
Jlabellata and monospora. 

239. S. Menziestr Spring Mon. ii. 185. 8S. Springti Spring 
Mon. ii. 184. Lycopodium Menziesti Hook. & Grev. L. Arbuscula 
Hook. & Grey. Ic. t. 200, non Kaulf. -—— Stems erect, 4-1 ft. long, 
simple in the lower half, with the leaves of the upper part 
spreading, deltoid and decompound in the upper half, the lower 
pinne copiously compound, the final branchlets 4-3 in. long, % in. 
broad. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous, oblique ovate, acute, 
ascending, falecate, 1-12th to 1-6th in. long, bright green, mode- 
rately firm in texture, dilated, broadly rounded, obscurely ciliated, 
and a little imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base ; 
leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, with a 
large cusp. Spikes short, square, 2 lin. diam.; bracts ovate- 
cuspidate, acutely keeled. 

Hab. Polynesia, especially in the Sandwich Islands. I find it difficult to 
draw the line between this species and S. Arbuscula on the one hand, and S. 
Jlabellata on the other. 

240. S. sreyniorpes Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 45. — Stems 
above a foot long, erect, simple in lower part, with spreading leaves, 
deltoid and decompound in the upper three-quarters, the branches 
erecto-patent and sparingly subflabellately compound, the lower 
ones half a foot long, the final branchlets 1-2 in. long, 4-4 in. 
broad. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous even on the main 
stem, spreading, oblong-rhomboid, obtuse, bright green, moderately 
firm in texture, 4-} in. long, obliquely inserted, broadly rounded, 
not ciliated, slightly imbricated over the stem on the upper side at 
the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, oblique ovate, 
with a large cusp, much imbricated. Spikes short, terminal, 1 lin. 
diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acutely keeled. 

Hab. Mountains of Naviti Levu, Fiji, Milne 198! 334! Leaves of both 
planes in size, shape and insertion closely resembling those of S. Breynii, but 
general habit of course very different. 

241. S. opesa Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 46.——Stems erect, 
stramineous, under a foot long, the lower third simple, the upper 
two-thirds deltoid, frond-like, decompound, the close primary pinne 
lanceolate, copiously pinnate, with short sparingly compound 
ascending branchlets, the ultimate divisions +-4 in. long, 4 in. 
broad. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous and patent on the 
branches, ascending on the branchlets, oblique ovate, 1-12th to 
1-8th in. long, very broad at the base, much dilated on the upper 
side, where it is broadly rounded, obscurely ciliated and much im- 
bricated over the stem, the margins above the dilated base revolute ; 
leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate-lanceolate, with a 
distinct cusp. Spikes short, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate- 
lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. North Borneo, Burbidge! 


242. S. runorata Spring Mon. u. 171. S. pubescens Spring 
H 


’ _ & 7 ~o . 
ae 
. ‘ id 
: ~ 
’ 


98 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Mon. ii. 173. Lycopodium fulcratum Hamilt. L. pubescens Wall.— 
Stems 13-2 ft. long, stiffly erect, simple in the lower half, with a 
few distant small adpressed leaves, deltoid and decompound in the 
upper half, the pinne deltoid, the lower ones 3—4-pinnate, the 
rachises pubescent, the final branchlets contiguous, +-} im. long, 
1-12th to 1-8th in. diam. Leaves of the lower plane rather spaced 
even on the branchlets, ascending, lanceolate, acute, 1-12th to 
1-8th in. long, bright green, liable to be revolute at both margins, 
nearly equal-sided, truncate, and not at all imbricated over the 
stem at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, lanceolate, 
incurved, not cuspidate. Spikes square, }-4 in. long, } lin. diam. ; 
bracts orbicular, with a small cusp, little longer than the sporangia, 
incurved, not cuspidate. 


Hab. East Himalayas and mountains of Birma. A well-marked species, 
allied only to the African S. Vogelii. 


243. 5. aranpis Moore in Gard. Chron. 1882, vol. ii. p. 40, t. 8. 
S. platyphytla Hort. Veitch.—Stems erect, 13-2 ft. long, simple in 
the lower half, deltoid and decompound in the upper half, the 
branching midway between flabellate and pinnate, the contiguous 
final branchlets } in. broad. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, 
lanceolate, very acute, }-4 in. long, bright green, moderately firm 
in texture, equilateral except at the base, where they are more 
rounded on the anterior side, slightly ciliated on both margins; 
leaves of the upper plane a third as long, obtuse, ovate-lanceolate, 
very acute, ascending, much imbricated. Spikes copious, square, 


tetragonal, 1-14 in. long, 1-12th to 1-8th in. diam. ; bracts ovate-_ 


lanceolate, strongly ciliated. 


Hab. Borneo, Curtis! A very fine plant, recently introduced into cultiva- 
tion by Messrs. Veitch. 


244. §. uatiroria Spring Mon. u. 168. Lycopodium latifolium 
Hook. & Grevy.—Stems erect, 1-14 ft. long, simple in the lower 
half, deltoid and decompound in the upper half, the branching 
midway between flabellate and pinnate, the final branchlets 
reaching a length of 8-4 in., 4-1 in. broad. Leaves of the lower 
plane contiguous, oblong-rhomboid, ascending, falcate, subacute at 
the upper corner, 1-6th to 1-5th in. long, dark green, moderately 
firm in texture, very unequal-sided, broadly rounded, not ciliated, 
and hardly at all imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the 
base; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, broad-ovate, with 
alargecusp. Spikes square, 3-1 in. long, 1-12th to 1-8th in. diam. ; 
bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. ; 


Hab. Ceylon, New Guinea, Samoa, Fiji. 


245, S$. FLABELLATA Spring Mon. uu. 174. 8. subsplendens Presl. ~ 


S. undulata Liebm. Lycopodium flabellatum Linn. LL. penniforme 
Lam. JL. gracile and microstachyum Desvy.—Stems 1-2 ft. long, 
erect, simple in the lower half, deltoid and decompound in the 
upper half, the pinne deltoid, the lower 8-4-pinnate, the contiguous 
final branchlets 4-1 in. long, 3-4 in. broad. Leaves of the lower 
plane contiguous, oblique ovate, acute, ascending, bright green, 


. 


SELAGINELLACE. 99 


moderately firm in texture, obliquely inserted, much dilated, broadly 
rounded, ciliated, and much imbricated over the stem on the upper 
side at the base; leaves of the upper plane one-fourth to a third as 
long, oblique ovate, cuspidate. Spikes square, 4-1 in. long, 3-4 lin. 
diam. ; bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Universal in the tropical and subtropical regions of America, Asia, 
and Polynesia. 


246. S. rrruuzta A. Br.; Kuhn Fil. Nov. Hebrid. 17. — Stems 
above a foot long, stiffly erect, simple in the lower half, with 
distant adpressed leaves, deltoid and decompound in the upper 
half, the pinne ascending, deltoid, the lower 3-4-pinnate, the final 
branchlets contiguous, }-4 in. long, 1 lin. broad. Leaves of the 
lower plane crowded on the branchlets, ascending, oblique ovate, 
1-12th to 1-8th in. long, dark green, rather firm in texture, 
produced, broadly rounded and strongly ciliated on the upper side 
at the base, and imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper 
plane half as long, oblique ovate, cuspidate. Spikes very copious, 
4-1 in. long, 2 lin. diam., square; bracts nearly uniform, erecto- 
patent, ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled, the sporangia confined to 
the axils of those of the lower plane, which are consequently more 
ventricose at the base. 

Hab. Aneiteum, Milne! J.G.Veitch! Ovalau and Angau, Fiji, Milne 345 ! 
Habit entirely of S. flabellata. 


247. S. norDEIFoRMIS Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 47.—Stems 
2 ft. long, erect, simple in the lower half, deltoid and decompound 
in the upper half, the lower | aaa deltoid and 8-4-pinnate, the 
contiguous final br anchlets }—2in. long, under +in. broad. Leaves 
of the lower plane contiguous, spreading, oblong- or ovate- 
rhomboid, pointed at the upper corner, 4-7 in. long, bright green, 
firm in texture, obliquely inserted, broadly rounded, serrulate,. but 
little imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; 
leaves of the upper plane oblong, with a cusp as long as the lamina. 
Spikes copious, square, +-4 in. long, 4in. diam.; bracts ovate, 
narrowed into a very large awn-like cusp. 

Hab. Fiji Islands, Macleay ! 


248. S. nrrens Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 48.—Stems about a 
foot long, simple in the lower half, the leaves of the upper part 
spreading, deltoid and decompound in the upper half, the close 
pinne deltoid, the lower 3-4-pinnate, the erecto-patent contiguous 
final divisions }-4 in. long, 4in. broad. Leaves of the lower plane 
contiguous and ascending on the branchlets, spreading on the 
rachis and pinne, deflexed and spaced on the main stem, oblong- 
lanceolate, acute, bright dark green, moderately firm in texture, 
4-1 in. long, rather dilated, serrulate, and a little imbricated over 
the stem on the upper side at the base : leaves of the upper plane 
small, oblique obovate, with a large cusp. Spikes short, terminal, 
square, ? lin. diam. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. 

Hab. Fernando Po, Mann! Cameroon Mountains, Kalbreyer! A near 
ally of S. flabellata. 


“= ae 
- Hi 
:* 


249. S. rruticutosa Spring in Bot. Zeit. 1838, 202. S. tereti- 
caulis, membranacea, deliquescens, falcata, and cataphracta Spring Mon. 
ii. 158-182. Lycopodium fruticulosum Bory. LL. membranaceum, 
falcatum, and tereticaulon Desv.—Stems 1-2’ft. long, erect, simple 
in the lower half or third, with a few distant adpressed deciduous 
leaves, deltoid and decompound upwards, the branching midway 
between pinnate and flabellate, the lower pinne often petioled, the 
erecto-patent final divisions 4-1 in. long, 4-+in. broad. Leaves of 
the lower plane contiguous, rather ascending, oblong-lanceolate, — 
faleate, acute, bright green, firm in texture, 3-1 in. long, rather 
unequal-sided, rounded, shortly ciliated, and a little imbricated 
over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper 
plane minute, oblique ovate, cuspidate. Spikes short, square, 
4 lin. diam. ; bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Mountains of Mauritius, Bourbon, and Madagascar. I have failed 
to draw any clear line between Spring’s five species above cited. 


250 S. Vocetm Spring Mon. ii. 169; Hook. 2 Cent. t. 86. S. 
Pervillei Spring. SS. africana and eublepharis A. Br.—-Stems 1-2 ft. 
long, erect, simple in the lower half, often pink-tinted, with a few 
distant small adpressed leaves, deltoid and decompound in the 
upper half, the lower pinne deltoid, petioled, 8-4-pinnate, the con- 
tiguous erecto-patent final divisions 3-2 in. long, 34 in. broad. 
Leaves of the lower plane spaced even on the branchlets, lanceolate 
or oblong-lanceolate, ascending, acute, 1-12th to 1-6th in. long, 
bright green, both edges liable to be revolute, truncate at the base, 
inserted on the side of the stem, not at all imbricated over the 
pubescent branches; leaves of the upper plane minute, oblique 
ovate, with a large cusp. Spikes square, 1-4 in. long, 4 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Guinea Coast, Cameroon Mountains, Zanzibar, Madagascar. A near 


ally of the Himalayan S. fulcrata. Well known in cultivation. S. dichrous 
Hort. appears to be a form of this species. 


251. §S. pavicara Baker in Gard. Chron. 1867, 1190. 8S. pee- 
tinata Spring. Lycopodium levigatum Lam. — L. pectinatum Willd. 
—Stems erect, 1-134 ft. long, simple in lower half, the leaves small, 
distant and soon deciduous, deltoid in the upper half, with petioled 
deltoid 1-2-pinnate pinne, the erecto-patent final divisions reaching 
2-3 in. long, 3-4 1m. broad. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, 
oblong-lanceolate, subpatent, very falcate, acute, 3-4 in. long, 
bright green, firm in texture, adnate by a broad base, decurrent on 
the lower side, cuneate on the upper, not imbricated over the stem; 
leaves of the upper plane minute, lanceolate, recurved, acute. 
Spikes square, 4-1 in. long, 3-1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, 
strongly keeled. 

Var. S. Lyallii Spring Mon. ii. 168. — More compound ; lower 
pinne bipinnate, with final divisions }—-1 in. long, 3—+ in. broad. 


100 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Hab. Madagascar. The two varieties are connected by gradual inter 
mediates. : 


252. S. micropENDRON Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 116.— Stems ~ 
erect, a span long, simple in the lower third or quarter, with the - 


SELAGINELLACE. 101 


leaves adpressed, stramineous, compound upwards, the pinne 
erecto-patent, lanceolate or deltoid, 1-2-pinnate, the ultimate 
segments erecto-patent, not contiguous, 4-3 in. long, 1 lin. broad. 
Leaves of the lower plane crowded, erecto-patent, ovate, acute, 4 lin. 
long, bright green, rigid, dilated on the upper side at the base, 
broadly rounded, shortly ciliated, and much imbricated over the 
stem; leaves of the upper plane minute, oblique ovate, with a short 
cusp. Spikes short, square, = lin. diam.; bracts ovate-cuspidate, 
acutely keeled. 
Hab. Cuba, Wright 3910! A near ally of S. cawlescens. 


253. S. puncuerrmma Liebm. -—— Stems above a foot long, 
stramineous, erect, simple, with adpressed leaves in the lower 
two-thirds, deltoid and decompound in the upper third, with 
3-4-pinnate close deltoid pinne, with ascending contiguous ultimate 
segments 4-14 in. long, 1 lin. broad. Leaves of the lower plane 
crowded, ascending, ovate, falcate, acute, bright green, rigid, 
4 lin. long, not ciliated, dilated, broadly rounded, and imbricated 
over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper 
plane minute, oblique ovate, cuspidate, incurved. Spikes square, 
4-4 in. long, lin. diam. ; bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Hacienda de Java, Mexico, Liebmann! Midway between caulescens 
and flabellata. 


254. §. coarctata Spring Mon. u. 164,— Stems stiffly erect, 
stramineous, about a foot long, simple and nearly leafless in the 
lower part, compound and pubescent upwards; pinne petioled, 
ascending, conduplicate; pinnules subflabellately compound. Leaves 
of the lower plane very crowded, ascending, falcate, ovate, acute, 
4 lin. long, rigid, minutely serrulate, with an obscure midrib and 
revolute edges; leaves of the upper plane scarcely smaller, very 
crowded, ovate, mucronate. Spikes very short; bracts ovate- 
lanceolate, squarrose. 


Hab. On the Rio Negro, at Mount Aracoara, Martius. Easily marked in 
the group by the leaves of both planes being nearly uniform in shape and size. 


255. S. RronEGRENSIS Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 117.—Stems 
about a foot long, stramineous, stiffly erect, unbranched in the 
lower half, the upper leaves of this part slightly spreading, deltoid 
- and decompound in the upper half, the branching of the 2-3-pinnate 
deltoid ascending pinne between flabellate and compound, the 
ultimate divisions reaching 2-3 in. long, 4-3 in. broad. Leaves of 
the lower plane crowded, ascending, ovate, acute, 4-1 lin. long, 
bright green, rigid, slightly dilated on the upper side at the base, 
broadly rounded, obscurely ciliated, much imbricated over the stem ; 
leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, not cuspi- 
date. Spikes square, }-1} in. long, 3-1 lin. diam.; bracts rigid, 
lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. On the Rio Negro, near San Carlos, Spruce 2501! 


256. S. puseruta Spring Mon. 1. 165.— Stems erect, stra- 


mineous, reaching a length of 2-3 ft., simple towards the base, 
branched upwards, pubescent ; pinne short, erecto-patent, sparingly 


a a 
: ~~ 


102 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


compound ; pinnules few, distant. Leaves of the lower plane ovate, 
contiguous, ascending, falcate, very acute, bright green, rigid, 
1-1 lin. long, dilated on the upper side at the base, distinctly 
ciliated, and imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane 
half as long, oblique ovate, serrulate, cuspidate. Spikes short, 
square, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. British Guiana, Richd. Schomburgk 979! Padauiri River, Amazon 
Valley, Traill 1417! Mount Guayrapurina, Eastern Peru, Spruce 4054! 


257. S. Haznxeana Spring Mon. ii.187. 8S. dimorpha Klotzsch. 


—Stems about a foot long, erect, simple near the base, with 
spreading leaves, deltoid and decomponnd in the upper three- 
quarters, the lower pinne 3-4-pinnate, the contiguous ascending 
final segments 4-3 in. long, 1-12th to 1-8th in. broad. Leaves of 
the lower plane contiguous, ascending, oblong-lanceolate or oblique 
ovate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright green, membranous, 
dilated, strongly ciliated, much rounded, and imbricated over the 
stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane 
small, oblique obovate, with a cusp as long as the lamina. Spikes 
short, square, $lin. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. French Guiana, and, according to Spring, also Bolivia and Chili. A 
near ally of S. flabellata. 


258. S. vrricutosa Klotzsch in Linnea xviii. 524.—Stems about 


a span long, stramineous, simple in the lower part, deltoid and 


decompound upwards, the pinne deltoid, 2-3-pinnate, the root- 
fibres sometimes extending to the axils of the lowest pinne, the 
contiguous ascending final segments 4-1 in. long, 1-12th to 1-8th in. 
broad. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous, ascending, lanceolate 
or oblique ovate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright green, 
moderately firm in texture, broadly rounded, shortly ciliated, and 
much imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; 
leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, cuspidate. 
Spikes square, 4 lin. diam. ; bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Central America and Venezuela. A near ally of S. flabellata. 


259. S. Hartweerana Spring Mon. ii. 188.—Stems about a foot 
long, erect, stramineous, simple in the lower half or third, with 
adpressed leaves, deltoid and decompound upwards, the deltoid 
pinne 8-4-pinnate, the ascending contiguous final segments 3-1 in. 
long, 1-12th to 1-8th in. broad. Leaves of the lower plane con- 
tiguous, ascending, ovate, faleate, very acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. 
long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, nearly equal-sided, 
broadly rounded, shortly cilated, and a little imbricated over the 
stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane a 
third as long, broad ovate, cuspidate. Spikes short, square, % lin. 
- diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

Var. S. leptoblepharis A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 863. — Less 
compound, with the leaves of the upper portion of the unbranebed 
part of the stem spreading. 


Hab. Andes of New Granada and Ecuador. 


5 


SELAGINELLACES. 108 


260. S. eryrHropus Spring Mon. 11.155. Lycopodium erythropus 
Mart. Icon. Crypt. tab. 20, fig. 83.— Stems about a span long, bright 
crimson, simple in the lower half or third, deltoid and decompound 
upwards, the lower pinne deltoid 3-pinnate, the ascending con- 
tiguous final branchlets 3-1 lin. long, 1-12th to 1-8th in. broad. 
Leaves of the lower plane contiguous, ascending, oblong- or ovate- 
lanceolate, acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, bright green, moderately 
firm in texture, unequal-sided, broadly rounded, strongly ciliated, 
and imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves 
of the upper plane half as long, oblique ovate, cuspidate. Spikes 
square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Var. major Spring. — More compound, the unbranched part of 
the stem longer, and all its leaves adpressed. 

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indies and Guatemala to Chili and 
Central Brazil. 4S. setosa Hort. is a starved small form of this species. 

261. S. am=maropes Spring Mon. u. 156. S. jfilicina Spring Mon. 
ii. 189. Lycopodium hematodes Kunze Farrn. t. 80.—Stems 1-2 ft. 
long, bright crimson, unbranched in the lower half, with its leaves 
much spaced and adpressed, deltoid and decompound in the upper 
half, the deltoid pinne 8-4-pinnate, the contiguous erecto-patent 
ultimate divisions 4-1 in. long, 3-1 in. broad. Leaves of the lower 
plane contiguous, ascending, ovate- or oblong-rhomboid, acute, 
-s mm. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, dilated on 
the upper side at the base, not ciliated, broadly rounded, and a little 
imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane minute, 
oblique oblong, with a large cusp. Spikes square, reaching 1-14 in. 
long, 3-3 in. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate. 

Hab. Andes of Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru. One of the handsomest of 
all the known species. Frequent in cultivation. 


262. S. amazonica Spring Mon. ii. 176. S. amazonwn Spring 
in Mart. Fl. Bras. i. 124, t. 6. — Stems 2 ft. or more long, stra- 
mineous, erect, simple in the lower half, with adpressed leaves, 
deltoid and decompound in the upper half, with long, closely 
regularly pinnate. pinne, with contiguous erecto-patent simple or 
shightly compound pinnules, the ultimate divisions reaching 1-2 in. 
long, 4 in. broad. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous, erecto- 
patent, lanceolate- or oblong-rhomboid, subacute, 1-12th to 1-6th in, 
long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, nearly equal-sided, 
rounded on the upper side at the base and a little imbricated over 
the stem, cuneate-truncate on the lower; leaves of the upper plane 
a third as long, oblique ovate, acute. Spikes square, 4-1 in. long, 
1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Amazon Valley, Martius, Spruce 2053! 2358! 


263. S. oaxacana Spring Mon. u. 177.— Stems 14-2 ft. long, 
erect, stramineous, simple in the lower half, with adpressed leaves, 
deltoid and decompound in the upper half, the leaves of the main 
stem ovate-oblong, obtuse, very ascending, the pinne elongated, 
closely 3-4-pinnate, the contiguous erecto-patent final divisions 
4-14 in. long, 4-4 in. broad. Leaves of the lower plane sub- 


contiguous, erecto-patent, lanceolate-rhomboid, subacute, 1-12th to 


YY = a 
¥ 4 
\ 
. 7< 
‘ 


104 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


1-6th in. long, dark green, moderately firm in texture, dilated, 
broadly rounded, not ciliated, imbricated over the stem on the 
upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, 
oblong, shortly cuspidate. Spikes short, square, 4 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Mexico, in the province of Oaxaca, Galeotti 6808 bis. Chiapas, 
Gheisbrecht 602! A near ally of S. flabellata. 

264. S. anceps A. Br. in. Fil. Nov. Gran. 362. 8S. Sprucei — 
A. Br. loc. cit. S. flabellata Spring, ex parte. Lycopodium anceps — 
Presl.—Stems 1-2 ft. long, erect, stramineous, simple in the lower 
half, with entirely adpressed leaves, deltoid and 2-8-pinnate in the 
upper half, the contiguous erecto-patent ultimate segments reaching 
2-8 in. long, }-4 in. broad. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, 
ascending, lanceolate-rhomboid, acute, +-} in. long, bright green, 
moderately firm in texture, dilated, cordate, shortly ciliated, and 
mnch imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base ; 
leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, acute. 
Spikes square, reaching 1-14 in. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate- 
lanceolate, strongly keeled. 


Hab. Andes of Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, and Peru. Habit less 
compound than in flabellata, and leaves much larger. 


Group 2.—Geniculate. 


265. S. Parxert Spring Mon. i. 226. S. lucidinervia Spring. 
Lycopodium Parkeri Hook. & Grey. LL. plumosum Aublet !—Stems 
1-13 ft. long, simple in the lower half or two-thirds, articulated, 
stramineous, distinctly articulated, deltoid and decompound in the 
upper part, with petioled bipinnate deltoid lower pinne, long lan- 
ceolate penultimate divisions with a flexuose rachis, and contiguous 
erecto-patent final divisions 4-1 in. long, 4-4 in. broad. Leaves 
of the lower plane contiguous, lanceolate-rhomboid, ascending, 
pointed at the upper corner, 4-3 in. long, bright green, moderately 
firm in texture, auricled on both sides of the narrow base, unequal- 
sided, broadly rounded on the upper side at the base, and a little 
imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane a third to one- 
fourth as long, lanceolate, acute. Spikes short, 1 lin. diam. ; 
bracts ovate-cuspidate, acutely keeled. 

Var. S. pedata Klotzsch in Linnea xvii. 521. 8S. nodosa Kunze. 
—Branched portion of the stem more compound, with narrower 
divisions, shorter leaves of the lower plane, and longer more 
slender spikes. 

Var. S. stellata Spring Mon. ii. 228. 8S. calecarata A. Br. in 
Crypt. Nov. Gran. 889.—Upper part of stem copiously compound, 
lengthened out, and taking root at the tip. 

Var. S. Vanheurckiana Spring. 8S. fragilis A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. 
Gran. 889. — Stems slender and trailing, bipinnate above the 
simple base, gradually lengthened out upwards with a long whip- 
like radicant end. 


Hab. Guiana and the Amazon Valley. This is probably the ‘ planta 
muscosa et plumosa guayanensis perelegans minor’’ of Breynius Ie. t. 101, 
cited by Linneus under his L. plumosum. 


SELAGINELLACE. 105 


266. S. asperutA Spring Mon. i. 225. Lycopodium asperulum 
Mart. — Stems about a foot long, erect, articulated, stramineous, 
simple in the lower half with adpressed leaves, compound in the 
upper half with broad erecto-patent pinne 2-4 in. long, with 
distant sparingly subflabellately compound erecto-patent pinnules, 
the final divisions 4-1 in. long, 1-12th in. diam. Leaves of the 
lower plane crowded, ascending, ovate, acute, }—1 lin. long, bright 
ereen, firm in texture, broadly rounded and shortly rigidly ciliated 
on the upper side at the base, and a little imbricated over the stem ; 
leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, acute. 
Spikes short, square, 3-1 lin. diam,; bracts ovate-cuspidate, 
sharply keeled. 

Hab. Amazon Valley, Spruce 1817! Traill 1420! 1421! Ceara, Gardner! 
Bahia, Martius ! 

267. S. centcutata Spring Mon. i. 227. S. ferruminata and 
conduplicata Spring Mon. 11. 229-280. 8. elongata Klotzsch. Lyco- 
podium geniculatum Presl.—Stems 2-8 ft. long, simple, stramineous 
and very distinctly jointed in lower two-thirds or three-quarters, 
deltoid and decompound upwards, with 3-pinnate lower pinne, all 
the divisions ascending and pinnately arranged, the final ones con- 
tiguous, 1-2 in. long, 3-4 in. broad, their rachis also, like the main 
stem, conspicuously articulated. Leaves of the lower plane con- 
tiguous, ascending, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, 1-12th to 
1-6th in. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, truncate at 
the base, not at all imbricated over the stem, entire or obscurely 
serrulate; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, ovate- 
lanceolate. Spikes square, 4-3 lin. diam. ; bracts ovate-cuspidate, 
strongly keeled. 

Var. S. tomentosa Spring Mon. ii. 231. — Branches pubescent, 
divisions 4-4 in. broad. 

Hab. Costa Rica and Nicaragua to the Amazon Valley and Peru. 


268. S. susarBorescens Hook. 2 Cent. Ferns, t. 84. S. eury- 
clada A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 888. — Stems reaching a height 
of 4-5 ft., simple and unbranched in the lower three-quarters, 
stramineous, distinctly articulated, deltoid and frond-like at the 
top, with long-stalked ascending lower bipinnate pinne, with the 
branching midway between flabellate and pinnate, the final 
divisions reaching 4-6 in. long, 2 in. broad. Leaves of the lower 
plane contiguous, lanceolate-rhomboid, patent with a falcate acute 
tip, +-} in. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, nearly 
equal-sided, not imbricated over the stem at the base, cut away on 
the upper, produced and square on the lower side; leaves of the 
upper plane one-fourth as long, lanceolate, acute, much imbricated. 
Spikes short, square, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-cuspidate, acutely 
keeled. 


Hab. Amazon Valley, in forests of the Rio Uapes, Spruce 2540! 


Subgenus I1J.—Homostacuys. 


269. S. crmiaris Spring Mon. ii. 283, excl. syn. Lycopodium 
ciliare Retz.—Habit of S. serpens. Stems trailing, reaching 4 ft. in 


106 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


length, pinnate, the branches erecto-patent, the lower copiously 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced below the tip of the 
branchlets, spreading, ovate-oblong, subobtuse, + in. long, very 
unequal-sided, cordate and conspicuously ciliated, and imbricated 

over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper 

plane much smaller, cordate-ovate, aristate. Spikes short, not 
resupinate ; bracts of both planes resembling the leaves in shape 

and arrangement. 

Hab. Ceylon, Kenig. I have not found this amongst our large set of | 
Ceylon specimens. Of the synonyms cited by Spring, Lamarck’s plant is our 
S. proniflora, and Hooker & Greyille’s is S. tenera. 

270. S. pauuiprssmma Spring Mon. ii. 234.—Stems 3-6 in. long, 
much intermatted, forked low down and pinnate, the branches 
simple or sparingly compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced 
below the tip of the branches, spreading, ovate, acute, a line long, 
pale green, membranous, very unequal-sided, very cordate on the 
upper side at the base, shortly ciliated, much imbricated over the 
stem; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate, shortly 
cuspidate. Spikes not resupinate, }-1 in. long, 3 in. broad, some- 
times forked; bracts of the lower plane ovate, acute, erecto-patent, 
shghly imbricated; of the upper plane little smaller, suberect, 
much imbricated. | 


Hab. Temperate region of the Central Himalayas, ascending in Kumaon 
to 8000-9000 ft. 


Subgenus LV. Hererostacuys. 
Group 1.—Bisulcate. 


271. S. Bursipeer Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 154. — Stems 
slender, trailing, stramineous, intermatted, angled on the face, 
copiously pinnate, the distant erecto-patent branches sparingly 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced even on the branches, 
rather ascending on the branches, spreading on the main stem, 
broad cordate-ovate, subacute, bright green, rather firm in texture, 
8_1 lin. long, cordate, strongly ciliated and much imbricated over 
the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane 
half as long, cordate-ovate, with a short cusp. Spikes resupinate, 
1-4 in. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts of the upper plane nearly patent, 
oblique lanceolate, acute; those of the lower plane very different, 
ovate-lanceolate, with a long cusp, ascending, strongly keeled, and 
strongly ciliated. 

Hab. Landakan, Borneo, Burbidge! <A very well-marked species. 


272. S. Breccariana Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 154.—Stems 
slender, trailing, } ft. long, forked and copiously pinnate, rounded 
on the back, sulcate upwards on the face. Leaves of the lower 
plane spaced on the main stem, rather ascending, oblique ovate, | 
acute, 3-4 in. long, dark green, moderately firm in texture, much 
more produced on the upper side of the midrib, broadly rounded, 
shortly ciliated, and a little imbricated over the stem on the upper 
side at the base; leaves of the upper plane very small, ovate or 
ovate-lanceolate, acute. Spikes resupinate, 4-3} in. long, 1 lin. 


SELAGINELLACES. 107 


diam.; bracts of the upper plane crowded, ovate-navicular, dark 
ereen, erecto-patent ; of the lower plane smaller, ascending, broad 
ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Mount Singalan, West Sumatra, 5000—6000 ft., Beccari! Habit 
and branching of the small forms of radicata. 

273. S. prsutcata Spring Mon. i. 259.—Stems slender, trailing, 
except towards the tip, a foot long, flat or bisulcate down the face, 
copiously pinnate, the branches short, deltoid and flabellately com- 
pound. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous on the branchlets, 
spaced on the main stem, spreading, the lower slightly squarrose, 
oblong-rhomboid, subacute, 4-4 in. long, bright green, moderately 
firm in texture, rounded and slightly ciliated on the upper side at 
the base, hardly at all imbricated over the stem; leaves of the 
upper plane half as long, obovate or oblong, with a large cusp. 
Spikes short, resupinate, 4+ in. diam. ; bracts very -dimorphous, 
those of the upper plane lanceolate-rhomboid, the lower ones 
patent ; those of the lower plane suborbicular, with a large strongly- 
keeled cusp. 

Hab. Himalayas of Nepaul and Assam. 


274. S. corvatensts Spring Mon. 1. 256. — Stems slender, 
trailing, above a foot long, with root-fibres extending to the top, 
dichotomously forked at the base and upwards, distantly bipinnate, 
with short ascending slightly compound branches. Leaves of the 
lower plane slightly spaced except on the branchlets, ascending, 
ovate-oblong, subobtuse 4-4 in. long, dark green, firm in texture, 
very unequal-sided, very cordate, and much imbricated over the 
stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half 
as long, ovate-cuspidate. Spikes short, resupinate, 1 lin. diam. ; 
bracts obscurely dimorphic, those of the upper plane ovate-lanceo- 
late, rigidly erecto-patent ; of the lower plane rather shorter, paler, 
more ventricose, and more ascending. 

‘Hab. Himalayas; Gurwhal, Griffith! 


Group 2.—Proniflore. 


275. §. INTERTEXTA Spring Mon. ii. 237. — Stems very slender, 
trailing, intermatted, 1-2 in. long, pinnate, the branches erecto- 
patent, the lower slightly compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
spaced on the main stem, erecto-patent, suborbicular, subobtuse, 
4 lin. long, convex on the face, firmer in texture than in S. integer- 
vima, nearly equal-sided, broadly rounded and strongly ciliated on 
the upper side at the base, and a little imbricated over the stem ; 
leaves of the upper plane not much smaller, oblique ovate, cuspi- 
date. Spikes very short, resupinate, } lin. diam.; bracts of the 
upper plane ovate, acute, erecto-patent; of the lower plane ovate, 
erect. 

Hab. Philippines, Cuming 2015! A very distinct species. 

276. S. Kirxm Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 176. — Stems con- 


tinuous, trailing, 6-9 in. long, with rootlets from nearly all the 
nodes; branches short, ascending, with a few short branchlets, 


108 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Leaves of lower plane very lax on the branches, only the few upper 
ones of final branchlets contiguous, oblong-lanceolate, acute, bright 
green, membranous, + in. long, rounded on both sides at the base; 
midrib central; leaves of upper plane a third as long, ascending, © 
oblique oblong-lanceolate. Spikes short; bracts bright green, 
membranous, linear-oblong, 4 lin. long; smaller ovate, acute. 

Hab. Usagura Mountains, East Tropical Africa, Sir J. Kirk! Habit of 
S. jissidentoides. 

277. S. xippoteris Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 155. — Stems 
slender, decumbent, 2-8 in. long, sometimes forked at the base, the 
distant erecto-patent branches simple or little compound. Leaves 
of the lower plane crowded even on the main stem, spreading, 
oblique ovate, acute, 3-1 lin. long, bright green, membranous, 
unequal-sided, very cordate, shortly ciliated, and much imbricated 
over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper 
plane half as long, ovate, crowded, shortly cuspidate. Spikes 
resupinate, 4-1 in. long, above 1 lin. diam. ; bracts of the upper 
plane oblique lanceolate, a line long, very crowded, stiffly erecto- 
patent; of the lower plane ovate-lanceolate, ascending, much 
imbricated. 

Hab. Hong-kong, C. Wright! 

278. S. sanpvicensis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 155. — Stems 
very slender, decumbent, 14-2 in. long, the root-fibres only near 
the base, pinnate, the upper branches simple, the lower slightly 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced on the main stem, 
contiguous on the branches, erecto-patent, oblique ovate, acute, 
i lin. long, bright green, membranous, unequal-sided, cordate, 
shortly ciliated, and much imbricated over the stem on the upper 
side at the base; leaves of the upper plane much smaller, ovate, 
acute. Spikes short, resupinate, 1 lin. diam.; bracts of the upper 
plane erecto-patent, oblique lanceolate; of the lower plane ovate- 
cuspidate, ascending, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Menzies! in herb. Sutith. 


279. S. pronirtora Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 156. S. Belan- 
geri Spring Mon. ii. 242. SS. reticulata Spring Mon. ii. 235. S. 
myosuroides and nudicaulis Spring. S. imbricata J. Scott List. Cale. 
62. Lycopodium proniflorum Lam. L. imbricatum Roxb. L. Belan- 
geri Bory in Belang. Voy. Bot. tab. 1, fig. 2. L. remotifolium 
Desy. LL. reticulatum Hook. & Grev.—Stems very slender, trailing, 
1-4 in. long, often forked at the base, copiously pinnate, the erecto- 
patent branches simple or little compound. Leaves of the lower 
plane spaced below the tip of the branches, spreading, ovate, acute, 
a line long, pale green, membranous, very unequal-sided, very 
cordate, strongly ciliated, and much imbricated over the stem on 
the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
cordate-ovate, acute, not cuspidate. Spikes resupinate, }—3 in. long, 
1-1 in. diam.; bracts of the upper plane erecto-patent, oblong- 
lanceolate, much imbricated, ?-1 lin. long; bracts of the lower 
plane paler, much more ascending, shorter, ovate-cuspidate, strongly 
ciliated. 

Hab. Throughout India from the Eastern Himalayas to Ceylon, the Malay 


SELAGINELLACES. 109 


Islands and North Australia. S. reticulata Spring is simply a dwarf form of 
this species. I cannot by the description separate S. Junghuhniana Spring in 
Pl. Junghuhn. 277. 


280. S. pHanorricHa Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 156. SS. 
ciliaris Cesati Fil. Born. 86, non Spring.—Stems very slender, 
trailing, 8-4 in. long, forked low down, copiously pinnate, the 
branches erecto-patent, the lower slightly compound. Leaves of 
the lower plane contiguous on the branches, rather spaced on the 
stem, spreading, ovate, acute, under a line long, rather firmer in 
texture than in S. proniflora, very unequal-sided, very cordate, 
strongly ciliated, and much imbricated over the stem on the upper 
side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate, 
cuspidate. Spikes resupinate, short, 1 lin. diam.; bracts of the 
upper plane oblique ovate, acute, imbricated, erecto-patent; of the 
lower plane ovate-cuspidate, suberect. 

Hab. Borneo, on shady rocks at Labuan, Barber 134! Sarawak, Beccari! 


981. S. Harveyt Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 156. — Stems 
slender, trailing, 8-4 in. long, sometimes forked low down, 
copiously pinnate, the erecto-patent branches short, simple or 
slightly compound. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous on the 
branches, spaced in, the lower part of the stem, spreading, oblong, 
obtuse, membranous, 3-1 in. long, nearly equal-sided, subcordate 
on both sides at the base, serrulate, hardly at all imbricated over 
the stem; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, ovate, acute, 
imbricated. Spikes 4-4 in. long, 4-% lin. diam., resupinate ; 
bracts not very distinctly dimorphous, those of the upper plane 
ovate, acute, erecto-patent; of the lower plane paler and rather 
shorter, especially towards the base of the spike. 


Hab. Friendly Islands, Dr. Harvey ! 


982. S. teptopuytytaA Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 157.—Stems 
very weak and slender, trailing, densely tufted, 2-3 in. long, 
distantly pinnate, the branches erecto-patent, the lower slightly 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane very distant, even on the 
branches, rather ascending, oblique oblong, subobtuse, a line long, 
bright green, very membranous, more produced on the upper side 
of the midrib, broadly rounded, not ciliated, and imbricated over 
the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane 
half as long, ovate, shortly cuspidate. Spikes resupinate, 4-4 in. - 
long, 1-12th to 1-8th in. diam.; bracts very dimorphous, those of 
the upper plane oblique oblong-lanceolate, erecto-patent; of the 
lower plane ascending, ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Formosa, at Tamsuy, Oldham 79! A near ally of S. proniflora. 


283. 8. Warrm Baker. — Stems very slender, trailing, 2-8 in. 
long; branches short, distant, erecto-patent, upper simple, lower 
compound. Leaves membranous, those of the lower plane spaced 
out, ovate, 1-12th in. long, produced on the upper side, clasping 
the stem, ciliate-denticulate, cordate on both sides at the base; of 
the upper plane very small. Spikes short; bracts very dimorphic, 
those of the upper plane oblique oblong, erecto-patent, 1-12th in. 


wre = 
= 
x 


110 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


long, with a very distinct midrib; the others ascending, ovate, with 
a large cusp, strongly ciliated. 

Hab. Manipur, Watt 6670! A very membranous and fugacious species, 
allied to S. proniflora and S. leptophylla. 

284. S. nererostacuys Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 177.—Stems 
very slender, trailing, 2-4 in. long, pinnate, the branches erecto- 
patent, the central and lower sometimes considerably compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane slightly spaced on the branches, very 


much so on the main stem, spreading, oblique ovate, acute, a line ~ 


long, pale green, membranous, dilated on the upper side at the base, 
slightly cordate, serrulate, and a little imbricated over the stem ; 
leaves of the upper plane half as long, broad ovate, with a distinet 
cusp. Spikes 4-1 in. long, resupinate, 3-1 lin. diam.; bracts not 
always distinctly dimorphous, those of the upper plane usually 
ovate-lanceolate and erecto-patent; of the lower plane ovate, acute, 
ascending. 
Hab. Hong-kong, C. Wright! Northern China, Dr. Hance 7491! 


285. S. samoensis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 177.— Stems 
trailing, slender, 3-6 in. long, copiously pinnate, the branches 
erecto-patent, the lower often copiously compound. Leaves of the 
lower plane spaced even on the branches, spreading, oblique 
oblong, obtuse, a line long, bright green, membranous, firmer in 
texture than in proniflora, more produced on the upper side of the 
midrib, broadly rounded, serrulate and slightly imbricated over the 
stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane a 
third as long, ovate, not cuspidate. Spikes copious, resupinate, 
3-1 in. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts very dimorphous, those of the 
upper plane ovate-lanceolate, spreading or erecto-patent, slightly 
squarrose ; those of the lower plane ascending, ovate, cuspidate. 

Hab. Samoa, Powell! J. G. Veitch! Whitmee! 


286. §. vitrensis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 177. — Stems 
slender, trailing, 4-6 in. long, copiously pinnate, the lower branches 
elongated and copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
spaced even on the branchlets, spreading, oblong, obtuse, mem- 
branous, 3-1 lin. long, more produced on the upper side of the 
midrib, broadly rounded and shortly ciliated on the upper side at 
the base, and very slightly imbricated over the stem ; leaves of the 
upper plane a third as long, oblong, not cuspidate. Spikes short, 
resupinate, 4-3 lin. diam. ; bracts of the upper plane ovate- 
‘lanceolate, erecto-patent; of the lower plane little shorter, ovate, 
~ acute, ascending, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Fiji Islands, Daemel! 


287. S. anuracea Spring Mon. ii. 237. —— Stems very slender, 
trailing, forked low down, copiously pinnate, the branches erecto- 
patent, the lower copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
spaced on the main. stem, spreading, ovate, subacute, 3-1 lin. long, 
bright green, firmer in texture than in S. proniflora, very unequal- 
sided, very cordate, strongly ciliated, and much imbricated over 
the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane 


~ 
. 


ad SELAGINELLACE. 111 


a third to one-fourth as long, cordate-ovate, cuspidate. Spikes 
copious, resupinate, 4-1 in. long, 1 lin. diam., sometimes forked ; 
bracts of the upper plane ovate-lanceolate, acute, very crowded, 
erecto-patent; bracts of the lower plane ovate-cuspidate, pale, 
much imbricated. 

Var. spherophylla Baker.—Leaves of the lower plane smaller, 
crowded, suborbicular, firmer in texture, concave on the face. 
Spikes narrower, with less dimorphic bracts. 

Hab. Damp banks on Penang Hill, Pinwill! Maingay 1831! Sir W. Norris! 


288. S. Bracxenrincer Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885,178._ S. cili- 
aris Bracken., non Spring. — Stems decumbent, slender, terete, 
8-4 in. long, bisulcate down the face, copiously pinnate, the 
ascending branches considerably compound. Leaves of the lower 
plane contiguous on the branches, spaced on the main stem, 
spreading, oblique oblong, obtuse, 3-1 lin. long, pale green, 
membranous in texture but firmer than in S. proniflora, unequal- 
sided, cordate, shortly ciliated, and much imbricated over the stem 
on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as 
long, ovate, shortly cuspidate. Spikes copious, resupinate, } in. 
long, 2 lin. diam.; bracts of the upper plane erecto-patent, oblique 
ovate-lanceolate; of the lower plane shorter, ovate, acute, pale, 
ascending, strongly keeled. 

Hab. Fiji, behind the town of Muthuata, Brackenridge! Daemel 191! 
Intermediate in habit between serpens and pruniflora. 

989. S. Bontnensis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 178. — Stems 
trailing, very slender, 2-3 in. long, copiously pinnate, all the 
branches short and simple. Leaves of the lower plane slightly 
spaced on the stem, spreading, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, 
a line long, pale green, membranous, unequal-sided, denticulate, 
not distinctly ciliated on the upper edge, cordate on the upper side 
at the base, and imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper 
plane half as long, ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate. Spikes short, 
resupinate, + in. diam.; bracts of the upper plane crowded, 
lanceolate, erecto-patent, a line long; of the lower plane ovate- 
lanceolate, ascending. 

Hab. Bonin Islands, Wright 371! Resembles S. integerrima in its habit 
and leaves. It is the Bonin plant referred by Spring to S. pallida. 

290. S. zeynanica Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 178.—-Habit of S. 
imtegerrima. Stems slender, trailing, intermatted, 2-3 in. long, 
forked low down, sparingly pinnate. Leaves of the lower plane 
spaced on the main stem, spreading, oblique ovate, acute, a line 
long, pale green, membranous, very unequal-sided, very cordate, 
minutely ciliated, and imbricated over the stem on the upper side 
at the base; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, cordate- 
ovate, distinctly cuspidate. Spikes resupinate, 4-4 in. long, 1 lin. 
diam.; bracts of the upper plane ovate, imbricated, erecto-patent ; 
of the lower plane ovate-cuspidate, ascending, yellowish. 

Hab. Ceylon, Gardner! Differs from S. integerrima by its distinctly 
dimorphous bracts and cuspidate leaves of the upper plane. 


291. S. Orronits Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 179. — Stems 


ce 
a 


112 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. . 


slender, entirely trailing, 2-8 in. long, distantly pinnate, some of 
the short branches with 3-4 erecto-patent branchlets. Leaves of 
the lower plane close and ascending on the branches, rather spaced 
and spreading on the main stem, oblique ovate, acute, 4 lin. long, 
pale green, membranous, ciliated all down the upper edge, very 
cordate, and much imbricated over the stem on the upper side at 
the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, broad ovate, 
cuspidate, shortly ciliated. Spikes short, resupinate, # lin. diam. ; 
bracts of the lower plane oblique ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent ; _ 
of the upper plane ovate-cuspidate, yellowish, ascending, strongly 
ciliated. 
Hab. Cuba, Otto 231! 


292. S. rHopostacuya Baker in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, ii.— 
Stems decumbent, 4ft. long; main branches elongated ; branchlets 
distant, erecto-patent, simple, or little compound. Leaves firm in 
texture, pale green or tinged with red; those of the lower plane 
ascending, spaced out except at the tip of the branchlets, ovate- 
oblong, obtuse, rather unequal-sided, 1-16th in. long, ciliato- 
denticulate all round; leaves of the upper plane smaller, ovate, 
ascending. Spikes very short; bracts similar to the leaves in 
shape and texture. 


Hab. British Guiana; Mount Roraima, Im Thurn! 


293. S. constminis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 179.—Stems 
very slender, trailing, intermatted, 3-4 in. long, distantly pinnate, 
the branches short and simple. Leaves of the lower plane spaced, 
spreading, oblong-lanceolate, acute, a line long, pale green, very 
thin, nearly equal-sided, obscurely ciliated on both sides at the 
base, broadly rounded on the upper, and scarcely at all imbricated 
over the stem; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate- 
lanceolate, acuminate. Spikes short, copious, resupinate, $ in. 
diam.; bracts slightly dimorphic, those of the upper plane ovate- 
lanceolate, acuminate, erecto-patent, a line long; those of the 
lower plane smaller, paler, more ascending. 


Hab. Cuba, Wright, 3907! General habit very like that of S. apus and 
brasiliensis. 


294. §. corpirot1a Spring Mon. 1.1038. 98. cordata Klotzsch. 
Lycopodium cordifolium Desy.—General habit and branching of S. 
serpens, the trailing stem reaching a foot long, the short branches 
often excurrent and whip-lke at the tip, the lower copiously com- 
‘pound. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous on the branches, 
spaced on the main stem, ovate-lanceolate, very acute, pale green, 
membranous, above a line long, ciliated on the upper edge, dilated 
and subcordate, and imbricated over the stem on the upper side at 
the base; leaves of the upper plane much smaller, ovate-lanceolate, 
cuspidate. Spikes very short, resupinate, with dimorphous bracts. 


Hab. San Domingo and Porto Rico. I have not seen this, and place it 
amongst the platystachyoid species on A. Braun’s authority. 


F SELAGINELLACE, 118 


Group III.——-Brachystachye. 

295. S. sracuystacuya Spring Mon. ii. 255. Lycopodium 
brachystachyum Hook. & Grev.—Stems reaching a foot or more in 
length, generally assurgent from a decumbent hase, bisuleate down 
the face, copiously compound, the final branching midway between 
pinnate and flabellate. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous on 
the branchlets, spaced on the main stem, spreading or rather 
ascending, oblong-rhomboid, obtuse, one-sixth to one-fifth in. long, 
dilated on the upper side at the base, cordate, not ciliated, much 
imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane small, ovate, 
with a cusp as long as the lamina. Spikes resupinate, +-4 in. 
long, + in. diam.; bracts of the upper plane oblique lanceolate, 
erecto-patent; of the lower plane ovate-lanceolate, ascending. 

Var. S. ornata Spring Mon. ui. 259. 8S. fimbriata Spring Mon. 
li. 258. Lycopodium ornatum Hook. & Grev.—Stem erect from the 
base. Leaves smaller, more rigid and more ascending. Spikes 
longer and narrower, 4-1 in. long, with less distinctly dimorphous 
bracts. 

Hab. Khasia Mountains, Malay Islands, Ceylon and Mauritius. 


296. S. Wrayr Baker—Stems densely tufted, = ft. long, bi- 
pinnate; branches and branchlets ascending. Leaves moderately 
firm in texture, bright green, those of the lower plane oblique 
ovate, + in. long, more rounded on the upper side at the base, those 
of the upper plane much smaller, ascending, ovate aristate. 
Spikes 4-1 in. long; larger bracts erecto-patent, rigid, ovate, acute ; 
smaller more ascending, paler, ovate cuspidate. 

Hab. Perak, Wray 668! 


297. S. mecapHytia Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 180.—-Stems 
3-1 ft. long, assurgent from a decumbent base, with very long 
root-fibres, the branches copiously compound, deeply sulcate down 
the face. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous except low down 
the stem, patent from an oblique base, linear-oblong, obtuse, 
4-} in. long, 3-4 times ag long as broad, bright green, moderately 
firm in texture, serrulate, rounded and a little imbricated over the 
stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane ovate- 
lanceolate, cuspidate. Spikes short, resupinate, 4 in. diam. ; 
bracts of the upper plane lanceolate-acuminate, rigidly erecto- 
patent; of the lower paler, rather shorter, more ascending. 

Hab. Mishmi, East Himalayas, Griffith! 


298. S. squarrosa Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 180. — Stems 
about a foot long, trailing and sending out copious root-fibres in the 
lower half, assurgent, deeply bisulcate down the face, copiously 
pinnate, the branches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower 
plane spreading and contiguous on the branches, spaced and rather 
squarrose on the main stem, oblong-rhomboid, subacute at the 
upper corner, one-sixth to one-fifth in. long, bright green, mode- 
rately firm in texture, not ciliated, dilated, cordate and much 
imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of 
the upper plane small, ovate, with a cusp as long as the lamina. 

I 


114 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. — 


Spikes short, resupinate, 4 in. diam.; bracts of the upper plane 
lanceolate, spreading, squarrose; of the lower plane ovate cuspidate, 
ascending. 

Hab. Cameroon Mountains, alt. 4000 ft., Wann 1407! Sierra de Crystal, 
Mann 1638 ! 

299. S. Mann Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 180.—-Stems uy ft. 
long, assurgent from a decumbent base, from which arise several 
large stout root-fibres, bisuleate down hie face, closely pinnate, the 
erecto-patent branches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower 
plane contiguous on the branches, rather spaced on the main stem, 
ascending, ovate- or oblong-rhomboid, subacute at the upper corner, 
4-1 in. long, bright green, firm in texture, dilated, shortly ciliated, 
cordate, and much imbricated over the stem on the upper side at 
the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate-cuspidate. 
Spikes 1-3 in. long, 1 lin. diam., resupinate ; bracts of the upper 
plane ovate- lanceolate, rigidly erecto- -patent ; of the lower plane 
shorter, ovate-cuspidate, more ascending, ventricose, acutely keeled. 


Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Tropical Africa, alt. 5000 ft., Mann 
1108! 


Group 4.-—Suberose. 


300. S. pumitio Spring Mon. ii. 241. Lycopodium pumilio R. Br. 
— Stems very slender, erect, nearly simple, under an inch long, 
with root-fibres confined to the base. Leaves of the lower plane 


spaced, ovate, acute, denticulate, } lin. long, membranous, nearly ~ 


equal-sided ; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, ovate, acute. 
Spikes very short, resupinate; bracts dimorphous, those of the 
upper plane ovate, acute, erecto-patent; of the lower plane ovate- 
-cuspidate, ascending. 

Hab. Endeavour River, Australia, Sir J. Banks ! 


301. S. minutiroiia Spring Mon. i. 239.—Stems densely tufted, 
very slender, erect, pale straw-coloured, 2-3 in. long, copiously 
pinnate, the branches erecto-patent, the lower slightly compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane very distant, erecto-patent, ovate, acute, 
1 lin. long, membranous, serrulate, broadly rounded on the upper 
side at the base, and imbricated over the stem ; leaves of the upper 
plane also spaced, a third as long, ovate, acute. Spikes copious, 
very small, under a line in diameter, resupinate; bracts of the 
upper plane oblong-lanceolote, bright green, erecto-patent, crowded 


rather squarrose; of the lower plane ascending, ovate-cuspidate, | 


pale. 


Hab. Woods of Tenasserim, at Mergui and Moulmein, Grifith! Helfer! — 


Boulger! One of the smallest species of the genus. 


302. §. Zo~tinceriana Spring in Pl. Junghuhn. 278. — Stems 


very slender, erect, 1-14 in. long, pinnate, the branches erecto- 
patent, the lower slightly compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
very distant, lanceolate, acute, } lin. long, pale green, membranous, 
nearly equal-sided, minutely denticulate; leaves of the upper plane 
a third smaller, ovate-lanceolate. Spikes resupinate, 4-4 in, long ; 
bracts of the upper plane erecto-patent, ovate-lanceolate, unequal- 


SELAGINELLACES. 115 


sided; of the lower plane a third shorter, more ascending, ovate- 
cuspidate. 
Hab. Java, Zollinger 2226! Celebes, Zollinger 3313! 


808. S. Horner Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 248.—Stems about 
an inch long, very slender, erect, 2—-3-times dichotomously forked. 
Leaves of the lower plane spaced, rather ascending, oblique oblong, 
obtuse, nearly a line long, bright green, membranous, nearly equal- 
sided, broadly rounded, shortly ciliated, and slightly imbricated 
over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper 
plane a third as long, ovate, acute. Spikes very short, resupinate, 
1 lin. diam.; bracts of the upper plane ovate-lanceolate, erecto- 
patent ; of the lower plane shorter, acute, ascending, pale. 


Hab. Fiji Islands, Horne! 


804. §. nana Spring Mon. i. 240. — Stems very slender, erect 
from a creeping base, 2 in. long, the upper branches simple and 
erecto-patent, the lower spreading and slightly compound. Leaves 
of the lower plane rigid in texture, subcontiguous, ovate-oblong, 
subobtuse, a line long, nearly equal-sided, ciliated at the base on the 
upper side; leaves of the upper plane half to a third as long, ovate, 
apiculate. Spikes short, resupinate; bracts of the upper plane 
ovate-lanceolate, acute; of the lower plane ascending, broad ovate, 
cuspidate. 


Hab. Port Praslin, New Ireland, Commerson ! 


805. S. Kurzi Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 249. — Stems 
suberect, 3-4 in. long, pale straw-coloured, stronger than in S. 
chrysorhizos, copiously pinnate, the short erecto-patent branches 
copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous on the 
branchlets, rather spaced on the main stem, all erecto-patent, 
ovate-lanceolate, acute, pale green, membranous, rather. more 
produced on the upper side of the midrib, broadly rounded, shortly 
ciliated, and much imbricated over the stem on the upper side at 
the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate, with a 
large cusp. Spikes copious, short, resupinate, 1 lin. diam. ; bracts 
very dimorphous, those of the upper plane ovate-lanceolate, erecto- 
patent; of the lower plane ovate, acute, ascending, strongly 
keeled. . 

Hab. Forests of Pegu, Kurz 3187! Midway between glauca and alutacea. 


306. S. mintatospora Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 249. Lycopo- 
dium miniatosporum Dalzell in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 114. — Stems 
very slender, erect, 3-4 in. long, copiously pinnate, the branches 
erecto-patent, the lower copiously compound. Leaves of the lower 
plane much spaced, ascending, except in the lower part of the main 
stem, ovate-oblong, obtuse, 3-1 lin. long, bright green, mem- 
branous, very unequal-sided, cordate, serrulate, and much imbri- 
cated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the 
upper plane very small, ovate, cuspidate. Spikes copious, short, 
resupinate, above 1 lin. diam.; bracts very dimorphous, those of 
the upper plane crowded, lanceolate-rhomboid, bright green, the 


116 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


lower subpatent; those of the lower plane ascending, suborbicular, 
with a large cusp. 
Hab. Bombay Ghauts, Dalzell! A near ally of S. chrysorhizos. 


307. S. AurEotA Spring Mon. u. 244. — Stems densely tufted, 
slender, erect, 4-6 in. long, copiously pinnate, the branches erecto- 
patent, the lower copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
spaced even on the branchlets, rather ascending, ovate-oblong, 
obtuse, 4 lin. long, bright green, membranous, unequal-sided, more 
produced on the upper side of the midrib, not ciliated, broadly 
rounded on the upper side at the base, and imbricated over the 
stem ; leaves of the upper plane very small, ovate-cuspidate. Spikes 
4-tin. long, 4 lin. diam., resupinate; bracts obscurely dimorphous, 
those of the upper plane lanceolate-rhomboid, erecto-patent, only 
projecting beyond the ovate acute ascending bracts of the lower 
half of the spikes. 

Hab. Khasia Mountains, Griffith ! 


308. 8. Dauzeiitu Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 249. Lycopodium 
cespitosum Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iy. 114, non Blume.— Stems 
erect, tufted, slender, pale straw-coloured, 4-6 in. long, copiously 
pinnate, the branches erecto-patent, the lower copiously compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane nearly contiguous on the branchlets, 
spaced on the main stem, all erecto-patent, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 
3 lin. long, bright green, membranous, nearly equal-sided, strongly 
ciliated, broadly rounded, and alittle imbricated over the stem on 
the upper side at the base ; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
ovate, with a large cusp. Spikes short, copious, resupinate, 1 lin. 
diam.; bracts very dimorphous, those of the upper plane ovate- 
lanceolate, erecto-patent, bright green; those of the lower plane 
pale, ascending, ovate-cuspidate. 

Hab. Bombay Ghauts, Dalzell! With S. miniatospora. 


309. S. pexvacica Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 250. — Stems 
densely tufted, often forked from the base, very slender, erect, 
3-4 in. long, pinnate, the branches ascending, the lower copiously 
compound. Leaves of the branchlets ascending and nearly con- 
tiguous, of the main stem spaced and spreading, oblique oblong, 
obtuse, 3-1 lin. long, dark green, membranous, unequal-sided, 
broadly rounded, shortly ciliated, and a little imbricated over the 
stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane a 
third as long, oblong, with a large cusp. Spikes short, copious, 
resupinate, # lin. diam.; bracts not very dimorphous, those of the 
upper plane oblique ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent; of the lower 
plane ovate-cuspidate, ascending. 

Hab. Fiji Islands, Seemann 705! 


310. S. exuavca Spring Mon. ii. 252.— Stems slender, erect, 
4 ft. long, simple at the base, copiously pinnate above it, the 
branches erecto-patent, the lower copiously compound. Leaves of 
the lower plane contiguous on the branchlets, spaced on the main 
stem, all much ascending, oblique ovate, acute, 4-1 lin. long, bright 
green, rather firmer in texture than in its neighbours, much dilated, 


SELAGINELLACE. 117 


obscurely ciliated, broadly rounded, and much imbricated over the 
stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half 
as long, oblique ovate, acute. Spikes copious, short, resupinate, 
2 lin. diam,; bracts of the upper plane ovate, acute, dark green, 
erecto-patent ; of the lower plane more ascending, pale green, 
orbicular, with a cusp. 


Hab. Forests of Assam, Mrs. Mack}! 


311. S. cHrysornizos Spring Mon. ii. 251.-—Stems densely 
tufted, very slender, erect, 3-4 in. long, copiously pinnate, the 
branches erecto-patent, the lower and middle ones considerably 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced even on the branchlets, 
oblique oblong, subobtuse, rather ascending, 4 lin. long, .mem- 
branous, bright green, more produced on the upper side of the 
midrib, serrulate on the upper edge, broadly rounded on the upper 
side at the base, and imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper 
plane very small, ovate, cuspidate. Spikes short, copious, resu- 
pinate, 1 lin. diam.; bracts very dimorphous, those of the upper 
plane oblong-rhomboid, bright green, erecto-patent ; of the lower 
very small, pale green, ovate, with a large cusp. 


Hab. Assam, Khasia Mountains, and Tenasserim. Doubtfully distinct as 
a species from S. chrysocaulos. 


312. S. crassrpes Spring Mon. ii. 248 — Stems 6-9 in. long, 
erect, pale yellow, a line diam. at base, copiously pinnate, the 
erecto-patent branches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower 
plane spaced even on the branchlets, the upper ascending, the 
lower spreading, oblique ovate, acute, 3-1 lin. long, bright green, 
membranous, much dilated on the upper side of the midrib, very 
cordate, serrulate, and much imbricated over the stem on the upper 
side at the base; leaves of the lower plane half to a third as long, 
ovate, cuspidate. Spikes copious, resupinate, 4-4 lin. long, 1 lin. 
diam.; bracts very dimorphous, those of the upper plane oblique 
ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent; those of the lower plane pale green, 
orbicular, with a large cusp. 


Hab. Woods of Ceylon, at about 5000 ft., Gardner 1274! Col. Walker! 
A near ally of the Himalayan S. chrysocaulos. 


313. §. curysocautos Spring Mon. ii. 250. 8. subdiaphana 
Spring. S. hypnoides Spring Mon. ii 101. Lycopodium chryso- 
caulon Hook. & Grev. L. subdiaphanum Wall. — Stems densely 
tufted, slender, erect, bright yellow, 4-1 ft. long, copiously pinnate, 
the short erecto-patent branches copiously compound. Leaves of 
the lower plane spaced even on the branchlets, more or less 
ascending, oblique ovate, acute, 3-1 lin. long, bright green, mem- 
branous, very unequal-sided, broadly rounded, serrulate, and a little 
imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of 
the upper plane a third to half as long, ovate, distinctly cuspidate. 
Spikes copious, short, resupinate, 1 lin. diam.; bracts very dimor- 
phous, those of the upper plane crowded, erecto-patent ovate- 
lanceolate; of the lower plane shorter, paler, ascending, broad 
ovate, with a large cusp. 


_ 7 ir 
a ‘ 
; 
: 


118 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Hab. Common in the Eastern and Central Himalayas, ascending to 
7000—8000 ft. in Kumaon. Moulmein, Parish 118! Penang, Wallich! 

314. §. renurrouia Spring Mon. i. 253.—Stems tufted, suberect, 
a span long, copiously pinnate, the erecto-patent branches copiously 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane subcontiguous and erecto- 
patent on the branchlets, spaced and spreading on the main stem, 
ovate- or oblong-rhomboid, subacute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, pale 
green, membranous, much dilated, cordate, serrulate, and imbricated 
over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper 
plane a third as long, ovate, with a large cusp. Spikes short, 
copious, resupinate, 1 lin. diam. ; bracts very dimorphous, those of 
the upper plane lanceolate-rhomboid, bright green, erecto-patent ; 
those of the lower plane ascending, pale, broad ovate, cuspidate. 

Hab. Mishmi and Khasia Mountains, Griffith! 


815. S. uaxa Spring Mon. u. 246.—Stems suberect, a span long, 
pinnate, the erecto-patent branches copiously compound. Leaves 
of the lower plane spaced even on the branchlets, ovate-oblong, 
subobtuse, a line long, membranous, unequal-sided, both margins 
denticulate, rather narrowed to a slightly emarginate base; leaves 
of the upper plane a third to half as long, obovate, acuminate. 
Spikes short, resupinate, 1 lin. diam.; bracts of the upper plane 
oblong-lanceolate, very acute, erecto-patent; of the lower plane 
ovate-cuspidate. 

Hab. Tahiti, Morrenhout. 


316. S. tenzera Spring Mon. ii. 241. Lycopodium tenerum 
Hook. & Grey. ——- Stems 3-1 ft. long, erect from the base or 
decumbent in the lower part, not so stout as in suberosa, copiously 
pinnate, the flaccid erecto-patent branches copiously compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane ascending and nearly contiguous on the 
branchlets, much spaced and spreading, or rather squarrose on the 
main stem, oblong-rhomboid, subacute, 1-12th to 1-8th in long, 
bright green, very membranous in texture, unequal-sided, much 
dilated, broadly rounded, serrulate, and a little imbricated over the 
stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane very 
small, lanceolate-cuspidate. Spikes short, resupinate, 1 ln. diam. ; 
‘bracts of the upper plane lanceolate-rhomboid or the upper ovate, 
erecto-patent; of the lower plane ascending, ovate-cuspidate. 

Hab. Mountains of Peninsular India and Ceylon. ZL. Macrei and calo- 
stachyon of Hooker & Greville, the latter cited by Spring under S. ciliaris, both 
seem to be small forms of this species; and I cannot distinguish from it by any 
definite character S. debile Spring Mon. ii. 122 (Lycopodium debile Bory in 
Belang. Voy. ii. 8, tab. i, fig. 1), from Java and the Malay Peninsula, and 
S. aristata Spring Mon. ii. 245, from the Philippines, Cuming 1996! 

8317. 8. myosurompEs Spring Mon. 11. 236.——- Lycopodium myosu- 
roides Kaulf._-Stems ascending, a span long, copiously pinnate, the 
lower branches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
spaced, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 4 in. long, light green, mem- 
branous, nearly equal-sided, ciliated on the upper side at the base ; 
leaves of the upper plane very small, cuspidate. Spikes resupinate, 
iin. long; bracts of the upper plane subimbricated, erecto-patent, 
oblique lanceolate ; of the lower plane ascending, ovate-cuspidate. 


> 
— 


SELAGINELLACES, 119 


Hab. Manilla, Philippine Islands, Chamisso. Habit like that of S. 


- Menziesit. ‘ 


318. S. supzrosa Spring Mon. ii. 252. -- Stems densely tufted, 
suberect, often above a foot long, pale shining brown, } in. diam. 
at the base, copiously pinnate, the branches erecto-patent, and 
decompound, the root-fibres sometimes extending half-way up it. 
Leaves of the lower plane spaced and erecto-patent on the branches, 
very distant and spreading on the main stem, oblique lanceolate or 
ovate-lanceolate, acute, bright green, membranous, unequal-sided, 
much produced, broadly rounded, shortly ciliated, and a little 
imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves 
of the upper plane half as long, oblong, with a large cusp. Spikes 
copious, +—2 in. long, 3-4 in diam., resupinate ; bracts of the upper 
plane lanceolate, erecto-patent; of the lower plane ascending, 
ovate, with a large cusp. 

Hab. Khasia Mountains, Sikkim, Assam, Malay Peninsula. 


319. S. perpusizta Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 292. — Stems 
suberect, very slender, under an inch long, sparingly pinnate, the 
upper branches simple, the lower sometimes forked. Leaves of the 
lower plane erecto-patent and contiguous on the branchlets, spaced 
and spreading on the main stem, oblique oblong, acute, 4 lin. long, 
bright green, membranous, rather unequal-sided, broadly rounded, 
serrulate, and slightly imbricated over the stem on the upper side 
at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ovate- 
cuspidate. Spikes very short, resupinate, 4-4 in. diam.; bracts of 
the upper plane lanceolate, erecto-patent, green ; of the lower plane 
pale, ascending, ovate-cuspidate. 

Hab. Nyika County, East Tropical Africa, Rev. T. Wakefield! 


820. §. tenerrma A. Br. in Kuhn Fil. Afric. 198.--Stems very 
slender, suberect, flexuose, 14-2 in. long, sometimes forked at the 
base, copiously pinnate, the lower branches considerably compound. 
Leaves of the lower plane spaced even on the branchlets, the upper 
erecto-patent, the lower patent, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3 lin. long, 
pale green, membranous, rather unequal-sided, denticulate and 
slightly rounded on the upper side at the base, hardly at all 
imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
oblong, with a large cusp. Spikes very short, resupinate, # in. 
diam.; bracts of the upper plane lanceolate, rather squarrose; of 
the lower plane pale, ascending, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. 

Hab. Golungo Alto, Angola, in woods by the side of streams, Welwitsch 45! 


321. §. supcorpata A. Br. in Kuhn Fil. Afric. 198 ——- Stems 
very slender, suberect, sometimes forked at the base, 13-2 in. long, 
copiously pinnate, the lower branches with several short patent 
branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane crowded on the branchlets, 
spaced and patent on the main stem, oblique ovate, acute, 4 lin. 
long, membranous but rather rigid, shortly ciliated on the upper 
margin, very cordate, and much imbricated over the stem on the 
upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
ovate-cuspidate. Spikes not seen. 

Hab. Sierra Leone, on shaded rocks in the woods at Freetown, Welwitsch 3! 


120 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


822. S. unmatTERALIs Spring Mon. ii. 254.--Stems 3-6 in. long, 
erect from a decumbent base, closely pinnate, the lower branches 
scarcely an inch long, but considerably compound. Leaves of the 
lower plane very crowded, ovate-oblong, acute, above a line long, 
rigid, pellucid, bright green, slightly falcate, conspicuously ciliated 
on the upper edge; those of the upper plane very small, sub- 
orbicular, cuspidate. Spikes 1-1 in. long, resupinate; bracts of the 
upper plane ovate-oblong, subobtuse; of the lower plane ovate or 
orbicular, cuspidate. 


Hab. Madagascar, Bernier. 


222. S. mapacascariensis Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 293. — 
Stems erect, pale straw-coloured, 4-1 ft. long, copiously pinnate, 
the lower branches with numerous compound branchlets. Leaves 
of the lower plane spaced even on the branchlets, erecto-patent ; 
those of the stem spreading, oblong-lanceolate, acute, pale green, 
membranous, a line long, very unequal-sided, broadly rounded, 
serrulate, and slightly imbricated over the stem on the upper side 
at the base; leaves of the upper plane half to a third as long, ovate- 
lanceolate, cuspidate. Spikes short, copious, resupinate, 1 lin. 
diam. ; bracts of the upper plane ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent ; 
of the lower plane pale, ovate-cuspidate, ascending. 


Hab. Madagascar, near Antananarivo, Pool! Miss Helen Gilpin! Closely 
allied to S. chrysocaulos of the Himalayas. 


324. §. Mextueri Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 298.—Stems erect, 
4 ft. long, copiously pinnate, the erecto-patent branches copiously 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane conttiguous and erecto- 
patent on the branchlets, much spaced and spreading on the main 
stem, oblique oblong, acute, pale green, membranous, 3-3 ]in. long, 
more rigid in texture than in S. madagascariensis, not so unequal- 
sided, serrulate all down the upper edge, broadly rounded, and 
imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of 
the upper plane small, ovate-cuspidate. Spikes short, resupinate, 
1 lin. diam. ; bracts of the upper plane oblong-rhomboid, obtuse, 
erecto-patent ; of the lower plane ascending, ovate-cuspidate. 


Hab. Madagascar, on mountainous paths at Inbatomanga, Dr. Meller! 
Tanala, Kitching ! 


* 325. 8. mozuicers Spring Mon. ii. 257. SS. rubricaulis, A. Br. in 
Kuhn Fil. Afr. 211. 9S. Hildebrandtii A. Br.—Stems erect, densely 
tufted, 6-9 in. long, copiously pinnate, the face bisulcate, the lower 
branches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane con- 
tiguous on the branchlets, spaced on the main stem, erecto-patent, 
oblique oblong-lanceolate, acute, dark green, membranous, 1 lin. 
long, very unequal-sided, serrulate on the upper edge, broadly 
rounded, shortly ciliated, and a little imbricated over the stem on 
the upper side at the base ; leaves of the upper plane half to a third 
as long, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate. Spikes copious, 
resupinate, 1-4 in. long, 1 lin. diam.; bracts of the upper plane 
erecto-patent, lanceolate-rhomboid; of the lower plane ovate- 
cuspidate, ascending. 


SELAGINELLACE®, 191 


Hab. Upper Guinea, Curror! Barter! Angola, Welwitsch! Manganja 
Hills, alt. 3000 ft., Dr. Kirk! Madagascar, Lyall! Johanna Island, 1000— 
2500 ft., Hildebrandt 1807! Dr. Meller! 

326. §. sumptex Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 298. — Stems very 
slender, erect, simple, 4-4in. long. Leaves of the lower plane 
spaced, spreading, broad oblong, acute, 4 lin. long, pale green, 
membranous, subentire, not ciliated, nearly equal-sided, rounded on 
both sides at the base, not imbricated over the stem; leaves of the 
upper plane minute, lanceolate-cuspidate. Spikes nearly as long 
as the stem, resupinate, 1 lin. diam. ; bracts of the upper plane 
lanceolate, membranous, spreading, squarrose; of the lower plane 
ovate-cuspidate, ascending. 

Hab. Santarem, Amazon Valley, Spruce 947! 


327. S. pLarypHyLLA Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 294. — Stems 
very slender, 2-3 in. long, ascending, with root-fibres from the 
lower half, distantly pinnately branched, the lower branches 
slightly compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced, except 
towards the tip of the branchlets, oblique ovate, patent, subobtuse, 
a line long, bright green, membranous, rounded on both sides at 
the base, more so on the upper side, not ciliated ; leaves of the 
upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate. Spikes very short, 
resupinate, 1-12th to 1-8th in. diam.; bracts distinctly dimorphic, 
those of the upper plane oblique ovate, erecto-patent ; of the lower 
plane ovate-cuspidate, ascending. 

Hab. Kaieteur Falls, Demerara, EZ. F. im Thurn! A near ally of S. 
Lychnuchus. 

828. S. ampiaua A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 870. — Stems 
slender, suberect, 2-3 in. long, copiously pinnate, the lower 
branches considerably compound, the tips often produced and 
whip-like. Leaves of the lower plane spaced, erecto-patent, 
oblique ovate, acute, 4-3 lin. long, pale green, membranous, 
broadly rounded on the upper side at the base and imbricated over 
the stem, serrulate, not distinctly ciliated; leaves of the upper 
plane half as long, ovate, shortly cuspidate. Spikes short, resupi- 
nate, 1 lin. diam.; bracts of the upper plane erecto-patent, oblique 
ovate, crowded; of the lower plane rather shorter, ovate-cuspidate, 
strongly keeled. 

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler 402! Cumana, Moritz 221. 


329. S. Lycunucuus Spring Mon. i. 247.—Stems very slender, 
suberect from a decumbent base, 38-4 in. long, copiously pinnate, 
the lower branches slightly compound. Leaves of the lower plane 
spaced even on the branchlets, more or less ascending, oblique 
ovate, acute, a line long, bright green, membranous, unequal-sided, 
broadly rounded, shortly ciliated, and imbricated over the stem on 
the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as long, 
oblique ovate, with a large cusp. Spikes short, resupinate, 4 lin. 
diam.; bracts very dimorphous, those of the upper plane ovate- 
lanceolate, erecto-patent, slightly squarrose; those of the lower 
plane pale, ovate-cuspidate, ascending. 

Hab. Guatemala and Venezuela. 


122 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


330. S. anomata Spring Mon. ii. 247. Lycopodium anomalum 
Hook. & Grev.—Stems suberect, with root-fibres from the lower 
part, 4-6 in. long, pinnate, the branches erecto-patent, the lower 
copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous and 
ascending on the branches, spaced and spreading on the stem, 
ovate, acute, a line long, dark green, membranous, much dilated, 
very cordate, strongly ciliated, and much imbricated over the stem 
on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane half as 
long, oblique ovate, cuspidate. Spikes copious, resupinate, as 
broad as the leafy branches; bracts of the upper plane oblique 
ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent ; of the lower plane ovate-cuspidate, 
ascending. 

Hab. Demerara, Parker! Jenman 2322! Cayenne, Leprieuwr 165! Sagot 
7491 1123! 

881. S. teprostacuya A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 373.--Stems 
slender, suberect, with root-fibres from the lower half, bisuleate 
down the face, closely pinnate, the branches erecto-patent, the 
lower copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous 
on the branchlets, spaced on the main stem, ovate, acute, 1-12th to 
1-S8th in. long, bright green, firmer in texture than in S. Lychnuchus, 
nearly equal-sided, not ciliated, a little dilated, and slightly imbri- 
cated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the 
upper plane a third as long, oblong-cuspidate. Spikes resupinate, 
reaching an inch or more in length, 1-12th in. diam. ; bracts of the 
upper plane lanceolate-acuminate, erecto-patent ; of the lower plane 
ovate-lanceolate, ascending, strongly keeled. 

Hab. New Granada, at Mujo, 2500 ft., Lindig 1514! 


882. S. Karsrenzana A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 372.--Stems 
about a foot long, erect from a decumbent base, bisulcate down the 
face, copiously pinnate, the short erecto-patent branches sparingly 
compound. Leaves of the lower plane ovate, acute, dark green, 
subdiaphanous, very unequal-sided, denticulate on the upper 
margin, much produced on the upper side at the base, and imbri- 
cated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, 
ovate-oblong, cuspidate. Spikes short, often geminate, but little 
flattened ; bracts not very obviously dimorphous. 

Hab. New Granada, at Puerto Cabello, Karsten 174. 


333. S. ramosissmma Baker in Journ. Bot. 1885, 295. — Stems 
erect, + ft. long, simple near the base, copiously pinnate above it, 
the lower branches decompound. Leaves of the lower plane 
spaced even on the branchlets, ascending, oblong-lanceolate or 
lanceolate, acute, a line long, bright green, membranous, nearly 
equal-sided, serrulate on both sides, rounded, and a little imbri- 
cated over the stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the 
upper plane half as long, ovate, with a large cusp. Spikes very 
copious, resupinate, }-4 in. long, 1-12th to 1-8th in. diam. ; bracts 
very dimorphous, those of the upper plane lanceolate, ascending, 
rather squarrose; those of the lower plane ovate-lanceolate, 
ascending. 

Hab. Eastern Peru, near Tarapoto, Spruce 4008! A near ally of S. 
molliceps. . 


SELAGINELLACE. 123 


884. S. stenoppyi~ua A. Br. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 4, xii. 83. S. 
macroura Liebm. 98S. Lychnuchus Fourn. Fil. Mex. 148, non 
Spring.—Stems suberect, pale straw-coloured, 3-1 ft. long, acutely 
angled on the face, with root-fibres from. the lower half, copiously 
pinnate, the lower branches copiously compound. Leaves of the 
lower plane spaced even on the branchlets, ascending, oblong- 
lanceolate, subobtuse, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, unequal-sided, 
serrulate on the upper edge, rounded, and imbricated over the 
stem on the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane a 
third to half as long, oblique ovate, cuspidate. Spikes short, 
resupinate, 1 lin. diam.; bracts of the upper plane lanceolate, 
erecto-patent ; of the lower plane ovate-lanceolate, ascending, 
serrulate. 

Var. rigidiuscula Fourn. is a form of exposed places, with 
shorter more rigid leaves than in type, and nearly square spikes 
with indistinctly dimorphic bracts. SS. albospica Hort. is a form of 
this species. 

Hab. Mexico, Bourgeau 1654! Hahn 2156! 


_ 9. Isoznrres Linn.* 


Sporangia comparatively large, membranous, 1-celled, uniform, 
indehiscent, placed in a hollow of the dilated base of the leaves, 
those of the outer leaves containing macrospores and usually those 
of the inner leaves of the same plant microspores. Macrospores 
globose, usually chalk-white, with three prominent ribs radiating’ 
from the apex to the middle, leaving the lower hemisphere, with 
the hilum at its base, ribless. Microspores very minute, dust-like, 
trigonous, with a single ventral rib.—Stemless perennials, aquatic 
or growing in damp ground, with a 2-3-lobed rootstock of firm 
texture, emitting dense tufts of root-fibres from its underside. 
Leaves without any lamina, forming a dense rosette, subulate, 
rounded on the back, with 4 vertical air-channels divided by trans- 
verse septa, always furnished with central and dorsal vascular 
bundles and often with others round the circumference; dilated base 
of the leaf membranous, a space round the sporange (area) thicker, 
the sporange often more or less covered in part by the produced 
epidermis of the upper surface of the leaf (veil); above the 
sporange is a small transverse slit (foveole), with a small mem- 
branous process ‘labium, lip) produced from its lower and another 
(lingula, tongue) from its upper side, the horseshoe-shaped base of 
the latter (glossopodium) immersed in the lamina. 


* For further information see a paper by A. Braun entitled ‘‘ Zwei Deutsche 
Isoetes-arten,” in Verhandlungen des botanischen vereins fiir die Provinz 
Brandenburg, heft 3—4 (1862), and Berlin Monatber. 1868, pp. 535 to 539; 
Durieu in Bull. Bot. Soc. France, vol. viii. (1861), p. 164, and vol. xi. (1864), 
p-. 106; Engelmann in edit. v. of Gray’s Flora of the Northern United States and 
Amer. Nat. 1874, p. 214, and Milde Fil. Eur. p. 274 to 290. 


- 


124 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


Group 1. Aquatice. Species inhabiting lakes and ponds, where 
they are permanently submerged. Leaves without stomata, 
accessory bast-bundles, or persistent bases. 


Veilnone . ; . Sp. 1-8 
Veil partial . ‘ . Sp. 4-7 
Veil complete ‘ . Sp. 8-9 


Group 2. Subaquatice. Species inhabiting shallow water. 
Leaves with a few stomata, but withont either accessory - 
bast-bundles or persistent bases. 


Rootstock 2-lobed . . Sp. 10-14 
Rootstock 38-lobed . . Sp. 15-18 


Group 8. Amphibie. Species inhabiting waters where they are 
liable to be left dry. Leaves furnished with accessory 
bast-bundles and abundant stomata. A few small mem- 
branous leaf-bases occasionally persistent. 

Rootstock 2-lobed . . Sp, 19-24 
Rootstock 3-lobed . . Sp. 25-47 


- Group 4. Terrestres. Species growing in damp soil. Leaves 
furnished with accessory bast-bundles and abundant 
stomata. Bases of the leaves of a former year regularly 
persistent in the form of blackish indurated scales outside 
the new leaves . ‘ , Sp. 48-49 


Group 1.—Aquatice. 


ere: Sy Br. in Verh. Branden. 1862, 36. TI. andina 
Spruce MSS.—Rootstock! very thick (nearly 1 in. diam.), 2-lobed. 
Leaves 60-100, stiffly erect, firm in texture, dull green, 2-3 in. 
long, + in. broad at the middle, with a channelled triquetrous tip, 
and a distinct crisped border reaching from the base half-way up, 
without either stomata or accessory bast-bundles. Sporangia 
oblong, truncate at the apex, + in. long, copiously dotted; veil 
none. Macrospores obscurely tubercled between the ridges, more 
distinctly tubercled on the lower half. Microspores smooth, brown 
or white. 

Hab. Andes of Quito, Spruce! Peru, Lechler. 


2. I. Gunnu A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1868, 585. — Rootstock 
8-lobed. Leaves 50 or more, stiffly erect, opaque, dark green, 
2-3 in. long, 1-12th in. broad at the middle, narrowed suddenly at 
the tip, with a short brown uncrisped border running up from the 
base, without stomata or accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, 
orbicular; veil none. Macrospores large, smooth, chalk-white. 
Microspores smooth. 

Hab. Tasmania, forming large masses in the mountain-lakes, alt. 3500— 
4000 ft., Gunn, 1563! 

8. I. pation F. M.; A. Br. in Linnea, xxv. (1852), 722; Berl. 
Monat. 1868, 586. J. tasmanica F. M.; Durieu in Bull. Bot. Fr. 
1864, 104, ex parte. — Rootstock 3-lobed. Habit of J. lacustris. 
Leaves 80-50, flaccid, dark green, diaphanous, reaching a foot in 


SELAGINELLACES. 125 


length, } lin. broad at the middle, the lanceolate base running up 
the edge as a distinct membranous uncrisped border for 3-4 in., 
without stomata or accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, 
brown, orbicular, unspotted; veil none. Macrospores small, 
white, finely granular. Microspores smooth. 

Hab. Tasmania, in lakes, Archer! 


4, I. nacustris Linn. ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 55; Durieu, Bull. 
Bot. France, 1861, 164; A. Br. in Verh. Branden. 1862, 17. J. 
atrovirens T. Fries. J. macrospora Durieu. J. Moret D. Moore.— 
Rootstock 2-lobed, generally about } in. diam. Leaves generally 
20-50, 3-6 in. long, 3-1 lin. diam. at the middle, dark green, 
flaccid, diaphanous, tapering to the point, the edge decurrent from 
_the base, short and narrow, without stomata or accessory bast- 
bundles. Sporangia subglobose or oblong, 4—} in. long, unspotted ; 
veil partial. | Macrospores large, white, strongly granulated. 
Microspores quite smooth. 

Hab. Widely spread in the lakes of Northern and the mountains of Central 
Europe; rare in North America. Durieu, in Bull. Bot. Soc. France, xi. 102, 
separates the American plant by its larger macrospores as a species as I. macro- 
spora. I. Moret D. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1878, 353, t. 199, from Lough Bray, 
Wicklow, is a large flaccid form with leaves about a foot long. I. crassa, 
setacea, and tenella of Leman and Desvaux represent three forms of this species 
as to robustness of growth. 


5. I. ecurnospora Durieu in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, viii. 164; 
A. Br. in Verh. Brand., 1862, 24; Bab. in Journ. Bot. 18638, 
t. 1.—Rootstock 4-3 in. diam., 2-lobed, rarely 3-lobed. Habit of 
I. lacustris, but leaves more slender, generally 20-50, 4-6 in. long, 
about 4 lin. broad at middle, flexible, diaphanous, light green, 
tapering gradually to the point, the edge decurrent from the 
dilated base, narrow and short. Sporange globose or oblong, + in. 
long, unspotted ; veil short. Macrospores middle-sized, distinctly 
‘spinulose all over. Microspores slightly papillose. 

Hab. The type widely spread in the lakes of Northern and Central Europe, 
often associated with I. lacustris. In I. Braunii Durieu (I. ambigua A. Br.), of 
North America, Greenland, and Iceland, the leaves are darker green, with a few 
stomata, the veil larger, the sporange spotted, and the microspores smooth. In 
I. muricata Durieu, of New England, the leaves are longer, the unspotted 
sporange half covered by the veil, and the spinules of the macrospore shorter ; 
and in I. Boottii A. Br., of Boston, U.S.A., the leaves are stiffly erect, with a few 
stomata, and the macrospores rather smaller, with very slender spinules. 


6. I. azortca Durieu; Milde Fil. Kur. 278.—Rootstock probably 
2-lobed. Habit of J. echinospora. Leaves 2-8 in. long, under 
4 ln. broad at the middle, light green, diaphanous, without 
stomata or accessory bast-bundles. Sporangia subglobose, un- 
spotted, 1-14 lin. long; veil large, but partial. Microspores 
middle-sized, reticulated over both halves. Microspores granulated. 


Hab. Azores, in a shallow pool in the Island of Corvo, H. C. Watson 349; 
a few specimens collected in the year 1842. 


7. I. pyemma Engelm. in Amer. Nat. 1874, 214.— Rootstock 
2-lobed. Leaves 5-10, 4-1 in. long, dark green, tapering rapidly 
to the point, without stomata or accessory bast-bundles. Sporange 


126 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. * 


globose; veil very narrow. Macrospores middle-sized, marked 
with small, regular, rarely confluent papilla. Muicrospores minutely 
papillose or nearly smooth. 


Hab. California, on the eastern declivity of the Sierra Nevada, alt. 7000 ft., 
Bolander ; discovered in 1866. 


_ 8. I. Sruartno A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1868, 539. J. humilior 
F. M.; A. Br. in Linnea, 1852, 722, ex parte.—Rootstock 2-lobed. 


Habit of I. lacustris. Leaves 4-6 in. long, pale green, diaphanous, - 


narrowed gradually to the point, without stomata or accessory 
bast-bundles. Sporange small, globose; veil complete. Macro- 
spores with very numerous tubercles, which are sometimes 
confluent. 

Hab. Tasmania, in the South Esk River, C. Stuart! JI. Hookeri A. Bre 
loc. cit., from the same station, seems to be another form of the same species, 


with stiffer dark green leaves narrowed suddenly at the tip, and macrospores 
with smaller distinct tubercles. 


9. I. Lecutert Metten. Fil. Lechler, ii. 86; A. Br. in. Verh. 
Branden. 1862, 35.—Rootstock 2-lobed. Leaves 12-20, stouter 
than in lacustris, 8-4 in. long, 1-12th in. diam. at the middle, dark 
green, flexible, diaphanous, tapering gradually to an acute point, 
without stomata or accessory bast-bundles, the broad membranous 
margin decurrent from the dilated base running half-way up the 
lamina. Sporange globose; veil complete. Macrospores middle- 
sized, smooth. Microspores minutely tubercled. 


Hab. Cordilleras of Peru, Lechler, 1937! LL. socia A. Br. l. c. 36, was 
afterwards regarded by him as a form of this species. J. Karstenii A. Br. 
loc. cit., gathered by Dr. Karsten at a height of 8000 ft. in the Andes of New 
Granada, differs only by its muricated microspores. 


Group 2.—Subaquatice. 


10. I. Botanprert Enngelm. in Amer. Nat. 1876, 676. JT. cali- 
fornica. Engelm. MSS. olim.—Rootstock deeply 2-lobed. Habit of 
I. echinospora. Leaves 5-20, 2-44 in. long, 4-4 lin. diam., 
tapering to a fine point, diaphanous, bright green, with stomata, 
but without accessory bast-bundles. Sporange mostly oblong, 
unspotted, covered 4-3} by the veil. Macrospores small, finely 
granulated. Microspores more or less papillose or spinulose. 

Hab. Sierra Nevada of California, in ponds and shallow lakes, at 5000— 


10,000 ft., Bolander. Var. Parryi Engelm., from the Falls of the Yellowstone, 
differs by its rather smaller macrospores and almost smooth microspores. 


11. I. Tuckerman: A. Br.; Engelm. in Gray Man. edit. v. 
676.—Rootstock 2-lobed. Habit of J. echinospora. Leaves 10-80, 
3-4 in. long, + lin. diam. at the middle, bright green, diaphanous, 
tapering to the point, with a few stomata, but without accessory 
bast-bundles. Sporange small, globose, sometimes spotted; veil 
partial. Macrospores middle-sized, the upper half covered with 
parallel anastomosing ridges, the lower half reticulated. Micro- 
spores nearly or quite smooth. 


Hab. Ponds near Boston, asssociated with forms of echinospora, Tucker- 
man ! 


* SELAGINELLACEE. 127 


12. I. saconarata Engelm. in Gray Man. edit. v. 676. — 
Rootstock 2-lobed. Leaves 10-15, 2-8 in. long, slender, 
diaphanous, olive-green, furnished with stomata, but without 
accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, ovoid, nearly unspotted, 
only the upper edge covered by the veil. Macrospores middle- 
sized, minutely tubercled. Microspores papillose. 

Hab. On Wicomico River, eastern shore of Maryland, between high and 
low tide, Canby. 

18. I. rrparta, Engelm. in Gray Man. edit. v. 676. — Root- 
stock 2-lobed. Leaves 15-80, resembling those of lacustris in size 
and texture, 4-8 in. long, 4-4 lin. diam. at the middle, deep green, 
diaphanous, furnished with stomata, but without accessory bast- 
bundles. Sporange oblong, spotted, 4 in. long; veil partial. 
Macrospores middle-sized, white, strongly granulated all over. 
Microspores large, tubercled. 

Hab. Gravelly banks of the Delaware, and margin of ponds in New 
England. 

14. I. mrenanospora Enngelm. in Oaks United States, ii., in 
note. —A dwarf gregarious, usually monoicous species, with a 
2-lobed rootstock. Leaves few, slender, distichous, furnished with 
stomata, but without accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, 
globose; veil complete. Macrospores minute, sometimes blackish, 
obscurely granulated. Microspores obscurely papillose. 

Hab. Georgia, on Stone Mountain, in shallow depressions at the base of 
granite rocks near the summit, Canby. Discovered in 1869. 

15. I. Mueuuerti A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1868, 541.—Rhizome 
9-lobed. Habit of I. echinospora. Leaves about 3 in. long, pale 
ereen, diaphanous, narrowed to the point, furnished with stomata, 
but without accessory bast-bundles. Sporange globose; veil com- 
plete. Macrospores with numerous minute unequal tubercles 
_confiuent into ridges. 
ay Hab. Queensland, in ponds at Rockhampton, O’Shanessey. Discovered in 
867. 

16. I. Krrxu A. Br. in Berl. Monatber., July 22, 1869 ; Kirk in 
Trans. New Zeal. Instit. 1. 107, t. 7.—Rootstock 3-lobed. Habit 
of slender forms of I. echinospora. Leaves 10-20, 3-4 in. long, 
+ lin. diam. at the middle, pale bright green, diaphanous, tapering 
to the point, furnished with a few stomata, but without accessory 
bast-bundles. Sporange small, globose; veil complete. Macro- 
spores small, beset all over with minute unequal tubercles. 

Hab. New Zealand, in lakes at a low level in the northern island, Kirk! 


17. I. auprva Kirk in Trans. New Zeal. Instit. vii. 377, t. 25.— 
Rootstock 3-lobed. Habit of J. lacustris. Leaves 20-50, about 
+ ft. long, 3-1 lin. diam. at the middle, dark green, diaphanous, 
tapering to the point, furnished with a few stomata, but without 
accessory bast-bundles. Sporange oblong, 1-6th to 1-5th in. long; 
veil complete. Macrospores middle-sized, smooth. Microspores 
finely tubercled. 


Hab. New Zealand, in lakes of the mountains of the southern island, 
alt. 1700—3000 ft., Kirk! Cheeseman! Berggren! 


128 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 4 


18. I. Drummonpn A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1868, 593; 1868, 
542. — Rootstock 38-lobed. Habit of European I. tenwissima. 
Leaves 6-12, scarcely diaphanous, 2-3 in. long, 4-4 lin. diam., 
tapering to the point, furnished with stomata, bnt without 
accessory bast-bundles. Sporangia small, globose; veil none. 
Macrospores small, chalk-white, with numerous tubercles, which 
are distinct between the grooves, but over the basal half confluent 
into ridges. 

Hab. Swan River, West Australia, Drwmmond 989! 


Group 8.—Amphibie. 


19. I. Buttert Engelm. in Amer. Bot. Gaz. ii. (1878), 1.— 
Rootstock 2-lobed. Habit of J. melanopoda; said to be dioicous. 
Leaves 8-12, 3-7 in. long, moderately firm in texture, tapering to 
the point, furnished with stomata and accessory bast-bundles. 
Sporangia globose or oblong; veil very narrow. Macrospores 
larger than in melanopoda, marked with distinct or rarely confluent 
tubercles. Microspores spinulose. 

Hab. Limestone gap near the watershed between the Red River and 
Arkansas River, Western United States, G. D. Butler. 

20. I. menanopopa J. Gay; Durieu in Bull. Bot. Soc. France, 
xi. 102. — Rootstock deeply 2-lobed. Leaves 15-50, 3-1 ft. long, 

—1 lin. diarn. at the middle, moderately firm in texture, opaque, 
tapering to the point, furnished with stomata and a few accessory 
bast-bundles, narrowed suddenly into the dilated base. Sporangia 
globose or oblong, 1-6th to 1-5th in. long, often bright chestnut- 
brown, copiously dotted; veil very narrow. Macrospores small, 
nearly or quite smooth beyond the ribs. Microspores spinulose. 

Hab. Shallow ponds and damp prairies, Western United States, from 
Illinois to Iowa and Texas. 

21. I. Enertmanni A. Br. in Flora, 1846, 178.—Rootstock deeply 
2-lobed, often 1-14 in. diam. Habit of stout J. lacustris. Leaves 
25-100, often a foot long, 1 lin. diam. at middle, diaphanous, pale 
green, tapering to the point, furnished with accessory bast-bundles 
and copious stomata, the edge decurrent from the base, short and 
narrow. Sporange large, pale, oblong, unspotted; veil very 
narrow. Macrospores middle-sized, white, honeycombed all over. 
Microspores smooth or nearly so. 

Hab. Ponds in the Northern United States from New England to Missouri. 
Var. valida Engelm., is a large variety, with 100—200 leaves, 14—2 ft. long, a 
broader veil, both kinds of spores smaller, and microspores spinulose. 

22. I. Nurratum A. Br.; Engelm. in Amer. Nat. 1874, 215. J. 
opaca Nuttall Herb. !—Rootstock faintly 2-lobed. Leaves 20-60, 
3-6 in. long, } lin. diam. at the middle, moderately firm in texture, 
pale green, opaque, 8-angled on the back, tapering to the point, 
with three accessory bast-bundles and numerous stomata, the edge 
decurrent from the base, short and narrow. Sporange small, pale, 
oblong; veil complete. Macrospores middle-sized, densely minutely 
eranulated. Microspores papillose. 


Hab. Damp meadows and edge of ponds in Oregon. Habit of I, melano- 
poda. 


2 SELAGINELLACE. 129 


23. I. rnaccma Shuttlew.; A. Br. in Flora, 1846, 178.—Root- 
stock 2-lobed. Habit of J. echinospora, but leaves much longer, 
10-85, 1-2 ft. long, 4-2 diam. at the middle, diaphanous, light 
green, tapering to the point, furnished with accessory bast-bundles 
and copious stomata, the edge decurrent from the base short and 
narrow. Sporange small, pale, oblong, 1-6th to 1-5th in. long; 
veil complete. Macrospores small, covered with papille, which are 
confluent into ridges. Microspores slightly papillose. 

Hab. Florida, in deep water. First gathered by Rugel. I. Chapmanni 


Engelm. has stouter leaves, about 14 ft. long, larger macrospores, with less 
prominent tubercles and ridges, microspores smooth or slightly papillose. 


24. I. Martm A. Br.; Kuhn in FI. Bras. i. 646, tab. 78.— 
Rootstock 2-lobed. Leaves numerous, very slender, flaccid, flexuose, 
2 ft. long, with a ferruginous edge at the base and biseriate 
stomata in the upper part. Sporange whitish ; veil incomplete ; 
tongue short, brown, cordate-triangular. Macrospores white, 
rugose. Microspores quite glabrous. 

Hab. Brazil; Minas Geraes, in a stream at Caldas, Regnell iii. 1506, 
Mosen 2027. 

25. I. seracza Bose Dict. Hist. Nat.; A. Br. in Verhand. 
Branden, 1862, 80.—Rootstock 8-lobed, rarely 2-lobed. Leaves 
10-80, often a foot long, 4 lin. diam. at middle, pale green, 
Opaque, moderately firm in texture, tapering to the point, furnished 
with copious accessory bast-bundles and stomata, the base suddenly 
dilated, its decurrent edge reaching up the lamina about 2 in. 
Sporange pale, globose; veil none; tongue as long as the sporange. 
Macrospores large, pure white, closely finely tubercled all over. 
Microspores cristate. 

Hab. South of France, in ponds nearly dry in summer. 


26. I. apspersa A. Br. Expl. Scient. Alg. tab. 37, fig. 3.—Root- 
stock 8-lobed. Habit of I. setacea. Leaves 12-20, 3-9 in. long, 
4—4 in. diam. at the middle, opaque, pale green, moderately firm in 
texture, furnished with stomata and accessory bast-bundles, the 
edge decurrent from the base short and narrow. Sporange small, 
spotted, globose; veil very narrow; tongue twice as long as broad. 
Macrospores with strong ribs and a few large tubercles. Micro- 
spores prickly or crested. 

Hab. Algeria and South France, in ponds dried up in summer. 


27. I. mauinverntana Cesati & De Not. Ind. Sem. Hort. Bot. 
Genuen. 1858, 8.—Rootstock 3-lobed, reaching an inch in diam. 
Habit of the large varieties of lacustris, but leaves much more 
elongated, 20-50 or more, a foot or more long, ?-1 lin. diam. at 
the middle, diaphanous, bright green, tapering gradually to the 
point, furnished with stomata and accessory bast-bundles, the 
membranous edge decurrent from the base about 38 in. Sporange 
large, pale, oblong; veil none; lip as long as the short tongue. 
Macrospores large, white, muricated all over. Microspores 
smooth. 

Hab. Aqueducts in Piedmont, Moris! De Notaris! 


~ see, 
rk -¢ 


130 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


28. I. verata A. Br. Expl. Sc. Alg. tab. 37, fig. 1. J. decipiens 
and longissima Bory & Durieu in Flora, 1846, 719.—Rootstock 
deeply 3-lobed. Habit of J. setacea. Leaves 20-50, reaching a 
foot or more in length, 4 lin. diam. at the middle, moderately firm. 
in texture, pale green, opaque, tapering to the point, furnished with 
copious stomata and accessory bast-bundles, a distinct mem- 
branous border decurrent from the dilated base for 2-8 in. Sporange 
middle-sized, subglobose; veil nearly or quite complete; lip very 
short; tongue lanceolate. Macrospores middle-sized, minutely — 
tubercled between the ribs, more prominently tubercled on the 
lower half. Microspores spinulose. 


Hab. Mediterranean region, from Spain to Asia Minor. See Dr. Franchet’s 
remarks on this species and its allies in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxi. 349. 


29. I. Peratpertana Durieu & Letourn. in Kralik Pl. Alg. Exsie. 
157.—Rootstock 3-lobed. Leaves 12-20, 3-1 ft. long, 4 lin. diam. 
at the middle, opaque, pale green, moderately firm in texture, 
furnished with copious stomata and accessory bast-bundles, the 
membranous border towards the base less distinct than in velata. 
Sporange pale, globose, 4 in. long; veil nearly or quite complete ; 
lip truncate; tongue lanceolate. Macrospores middle-sized, 
minutely tubercled. Microspores densely spinulose. 


Hab. Algeria, Kralik, 157! Very near velata. 


30. I. pusra Gennari Comment. ii. 104.— Rootstock 3-lobed. 
Leaves about a dozen, very slender, 6-8 in. long, 4-4 lin. diam. at 
the middle, opaque, pale green, with stomata and a few obscure 
accessory bast-bundles, the border decurrent from the base short 
and narrow. Sporange small, pale, globose; veil complete; lip 
truncate ; tongue short, broad ovate. Macrospores like those of 
velata. Microspores dimorphous, some spinulose, some crested. 


Hab. Island of Magdalena, off Sardinia, Gennari. Very near velata. 


31. I. reauLensts Gennari Comment. 11. 106.—Rootstock 3-lobed.- 
Leaves 10-20, very slender, 4-1 ft. long, 4-} lin. diam. at the 
middle, opaque, pale green, furnished with stomata and a few weak 
accessory bast-bundles, the border decurrent from the base short 
and narrow. Sporange small, pale, globose; veil nearly or quite 
complete; tongue and lip both short. Macrospores middle-sized, 
minutely tubercled. Microspores dimorphous, some spinulose, some 
crested. 


Hab. Sardinia. Very near velata. The Spanish I. betica Willk. & Lange 
Prodr. Fl. Hisp. i. 15, is either the same or a close ally. 


32. I. Boryana Durieu in Bull. Bot. Soc. France, viii. (1861), 
164.—Rootstock 3-lobed. Habit stouter than in velata. Leaves 
10-80 or more, 4-8 in. long, 4 lin. diam. at the middle, pale green, 
opaque, tapering gradually to the point, furnished with abundant 
stomata and accessory bast-bundles, with a broad membranous 
border shortly decurrent from the dilated base. Sporange oblong 
or subglobose, pale; veil complete; tongue and lp both short. 
Macrospores middle-sized, with minute tubercles between the ribs 


SELAGINELLACE. 181 


and ‘larger ones over the lower half. Microspores dimorphous, 
some crested, some spinulose. 
Hab. Marshes of the Landes, Gay! Duriew! Very near velata. 


838. I. renuissrma Boreau in Bull. Angers, 1850, 259. —— Root- 
stock small, usually 3-lobed, rarely 4-lobed. Leaves 12-20, very 
slender, 8-4 in. long, 4-4 lin. diam. at the middle, opaque, pale 
ereen, tapering gradually to the point, furnished with stomata and 
usually a few weak accessory bast-bundles, with a short broad 
membranous border decurrent from the dilated base. Sporange 
small, pale, globose; veil complete. Macrospores middle-sized, 
furnished with large scattered tubercles. Microspores densely 
spinulose. 

Hab. Marshes of Central France, Boreaw! Franchet! Very near velata. 


34. I. onymprca A. Br. in Milde Fil. Eur. 285.—Rootstock 8-lobed. 
Habit of J. tenuissima, but leaves more numerous, 14-2 in. long, 
Opaque, pale green, furnished with stomata, and a few weak 
accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, globose, unspotted; veil 
partial or nearly complete. Macrospores small, furnished with 
small tubercles between the ridges and stronger ones over the lower 
half. Microspores spinulose. 

Hab. Bithynian Olympus, in swamps of the granitic plain, at 6000 ft. 
above sea-level, Dr. C. von Fritsch. 

85. I. Weiwirscnm A. Br. in Kuhn Fil. Afric. 196. — Rootstock 
8-lobed. Leaves 6-15, as firm in texture as in J. Duriai, 2-3 in. 
long, very slender, pale green, + lin. diam., furnished with stomata 
and accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, pale, globose; veil 
very narrow. Macrospores small, greyish, with small tubercles 
between the prominent ribs and larger ones over the lower half. 
Microspores granulated. 

Hab. Angola, in high spongy pastures of the Province of Huilla, at 
3800—5500 ft., Welwitsch, 166 ! 

86. I. niaritmana A. Br. in Kuhn Fil. Afric. 196. — Rootstock 
8-lobed. Habit of I. setacea. Leaves 12-15, very slender, firm in 
texture, 6-8 in. long, 4 lin. diam. at the middle, pale green, opaque, 
furnished with stomata and a few weak accessory bast-bundles. 
Sporange pale, globose, 4 in. long; veil very narrow. Macrospores 
small, greyish, with a single tubercle between each ridge and 
several over the lower hemisphere. 

Hab. In the Niger Country at Nupe, Barter 1020! 


87. I. Scuwernrurtan A. Br. MSS8.—Rootstock 3-lobed. Habit 
of I. setacea. Leaves 12-830, about a foot long, moderately firm in 
texture, opaque, tapering to the point, 4-4 lin. diam. at the middle, 
furnished with stomata and accessory bast-bundles. Sporange 
small, globose; veil none. Macrospores small, chalk-white with 
high ridges and strongly honeycombed all over. 

Hab. Central Africa, in the Kingdom of Djur, Schweinfurth, 1962! 

88. I. aquinoctiatis Welw.; A. Br. in Kuhn Fil. Afric. 195, — 


Rootstock 3-lobed. Habit of I. setacea. Leaves 6-12, very slender, 
a foot or more long, 4 lin. diam. at the middle, opaque, pale green, 


182 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


firm in texture, tapering to the point, furnished with copious 
stomata and several accessory bast-bundles. Sporange globose, 
4 in. diam.; veil partial. Macrospores middle-sized, chalk-white, 
furnished with strong ridges and prominent tubercles. Micro- 
spores densely muricated. 


Hab. Angola, in damp pastures of Pungo Andongo, alt. 2400—3800 ft., 
with Drosera, Dr. Welwitsch 50! 


389. I. naratensts Baker.—Rootstock 3-lobed. Leaves 12-16, 
very slender (4 lin. diam.), pale green, opaque, firm in texture, 
2-3 in. long, rounded on the back, channelled down the face, 
furnished with stomata and accessory bast-bundles. Sporange 
small, globose, brownish; veil none. Macrospores white, with 
small tubercles between the ribs and large ones over the remainder _ 
of the surface. Microspores granulated. 

Hab. Natal; Griffin’s Hill, Eastcourt, Rehmann, 7296 ! 


40. I. sapontca A: Br. in Verhand. Brand. 1862, 83._-Rootstock 
8-lobed. Habit between echinospora and setacea. Leaves 12-80, 
4-6 in. long, 4-4 lin. diam. at the middle, bright green, diaphanous, 
tapering to the point, furnished with stomata and accessory bast- 
bundles, the edge decurrent from the dilated base short and 
narrow. Sporange small, oblong; veil none. Macrospores deeply 
and regularly honeycombed. Microspores smooth, sometimes 
crested. 


Hab. Japan, discovered by Schottmuller in 1860; regathered lately by 
Moseley and Dickins. 


41. I. conomanpetina Linn. Suppl. 447; Trimen in Journ. Bot. 
1882, 358, t. 234. TI. brachyglossa A. Br. T. capsularis Griff. Ic. t. 
116- 118, non Roxb.—Rootstock 3-lobed. Habit stouter than in 
setacea and velata. Leaves 10-20, 9-15 in. long, 4-3 lin. diam. at 
the middle, opaque, moderately firm in texture, “tapering to the 
point, furnished with copious stomata and accessory bast-bundles, 
the membranous base suddenly dilated. Sporange large, pale, 
oblong ; veil none; tongue deltoid, as long as or shorter than the 
sporange. Macrospores chalk-white, with strong ridges and pro- 
minent close tubercles. 


Hab. Moist soil of Madras, Wight, 309! Coromandel, Kenig. Serampore, 
Griffith. Dambulla, Ceylon, Trimen! I follow Dr. Trimen in sinking I. brachy- 
glossa as a species. Roxburgh’s drawing of capsularis is Vallisneria spiralis. 


42. I. rrrpus A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1868, 559; 1888, 544. 
I. pheospora Durieu in Bull. Bot. Soc. France (1864), 103. —- 
Rootstock 3-lobed. Leaves 10-20, very slender, 1-1} in. long, 
3-4 lin. diam., opaque, pale green, firm in texture, furnished with 
stomata and accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, pale, globose ; 
veil none. Macrospores small, greyish white, covered with dense ? 
minute tubercles. Microspores smooth or nearly so. 

Hab. Swan River, West Australia, Drummond 990! 


43. I. Suxsporru Baker.—Rootstock 8-lobed. Leaves 19-90, 
very slender, firm in texture, bright green, arcuate, deeply 


channelled down the face, 2-8 in. long, under 2 lin. diam. 


SELAGINELLACES. 1338 


Sporange orbicular, 1 in. long, and broad; veil complete ; tongue 
deltoid. Macrospores greyish white, faintly granulated. 

Hab. United States; Washington Territory; springs and damp meadows, 
W. Klickitat County, Suksdorf 836! Easily distinguished from the other North 
American Amphibie by its 3-lobed rootstock. 

44, I. amazonica A. Br. MSS.; Kuhn in FI. Bras. i. 648, t. 79, 
figs. 5-6.—Rootstock 3-lobed. Leaves 10-20, 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lin. 
diam. at the middle, firm in texture, furnished with stomata and 
accessory bast-bundles, with a membranous border about 4in. long, 
decurrent from the dilated base. Sporange small, white, globose, 
much spotted ; veil rudimentary. Macrospores middle. sized, chalk- 
white, closely strongly tubercled. 


Hab. Inundated places near Santarem, Spruce 1081! 


45. I. cusana Engelm. MSS. — Rootstock 38-lobed. Leaves 
10-50, 4-1 ft. long, + lin. diam. at the middle, opaque, moderately 
firm in texture, furnished with stomata and accessory bast-bundles, 
the membranous base suddenly dilated. Sporange small, oblong, 
unspotted ; veil very narrow. Macrospores small, strongly 
tubercled. Microspores papillose. 

Hab. Cuba, C. Wright 3912! 


46. I. Garpnertana Kunze herb.; A. Br. in Verhand. Brand. 
1862, 34.; Kuhn in FI. Bras. i. 647, tab. 79, figs. 1-4.--Rootstock 
8-lobed. Habit of coromandelina. Leaves 50 or more, about a 
foot long, 1 lin. diam. at the middle, slightly diaphanous, tapering 
to the point, furnished wlth copious stomata and accessory bast- 
bundles, with a narrow membranons border running up 2-3 in. 
from the dilated base. Sporange large, oblong; veilnone. Macyro- 
spores large, brown, beset with numerous round tubercles. Micro- 
spores smooth. 

_ Hab. Marshes, Mission of Duro, Province of Goyaz, Brazil, Gardner 3563 ! 
Our specimens are without macrospores. A Paraguay plant, gathered by 
Balansa (1126), has them chalk-white and closely strongly tubercled. 

47. I. Savarrert Franchet in Bull. Bot. Soc. France, xxxi. 395. 
—Rootstock obscurely 3-lobed. Leaves stout, very thick, rigid, sub- 
tetragonous and mucronate at the apex, 8 in. long when submerged, 
dwarfed to half an inch when exposed. Sporange small; veil 
incomplete. Macrospores whitish, rugose with anastomosing ridges. 
Microspores brownish, nearly smooth. 

Hab. Coast of Patagonia; Lake of Puerto Bono, lat. 30°S., Savatier. 


Group 4.—TERRESTRES. 


48. I. Duritm1 Bory, Comp. Rend. Acad. June, 1844; A. Br. 
Expl. Sc. Alg. t. 86, fig. 2. J. tridentata Durieu. — Rootstock 
deeply 3-lobed. Leaves 10- 40, very slender, 2-4 in. long, 4 lin. 
diam., pale green, firm in texture, with abundant stomata and 
accessory bast-bundles; bases of the old leaves always short and 
minutely toothed. Macrospores middle-sized, conspicuously honey- 
combed. Microspores finely granulated. 

Hab. Mediterranean region, from Portugal to Asia Minor. 


184 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


49. I, Hysrrix Bory, Comptes Rend. Acad. June, 1844; A. Br. 
Expl. Se. Alg. t. 36, fig. 1. JZ. Delalandei Lloyd. I. sicula Todaro. 
I. Duriei Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 56, non Bory. Cephaloceraton 
Hystrix Gennari. — Rootstock and leaves exactly as in J. Duriai, 


but the old leaf-bases in the type furnished with hard spines }-} in. — 


long. Macrospores finely granulose. Microspores echinulate. 
Hab. Guernsey and N.E. France to Spain and Asia Minor. Var. subin- 


ermis Durieu (I Hystrix, forma desquamata, A. Br.; Cephaloceraton gymno- — 


carpum Gennari), differs by having only short points to the leaf-bases, like those 
of I. Duriai. 


Order V.—RHIZOCARPEAL. 


Macrosporangia containing a single macrospore, from which a 
rudimentary prothallus is produced. Microsporangia containing 
numerous microspores. Macrosporangia and microsporangia con- 
tained in the same or different membranous conceptacles, which are 
single, without any outer covering, or several together contained in 
a dehiscent coriaceous outer conceptacle.--Habit very various. 
The Salviniee are fugacious floating annuals; the Marsiliee peren- 
nials, growing in damp soil, with a filiform rootstock. 


Suborder 1.—Satviniee. 
Conceptacles usually single, always membranous and indehiscent, 


and containing sporangia of only one kind. 


1. Sanvinza (Micheli) Schreb. 


Conceptacles globose, membranous, indehiscent, monoicous, 


seated in clusters on short branches of the floating stem, 1-2 of 
each cluster containing ten or more turbinate macrosporangia, 
each of which contains a single macrospore; several of each 
cluster containing very numerous globose microsporangia, which 
are much smaller than the macrosporangia, and each contains 
numerous minute microspores._—Fugacious annuals, with slender 
floating stems, giving off shortly-petioled or sessile fronds on the 
upper side and the short branches, that bear the conceptacles and 
much-branched feathered root-fibres downwards. J 7onds small, 
simple, with a distinct midrib that runs from the base to the apex, 
and close erecto-patent secondary veinlets connected by a few 
arches. Sporangia of both kinds borne on a much-branched 
filamentous receptacle. 


Fronds flat, floating, horizontal. 


Fronds about three times as long as broad sy. Sp. 1. 
Fronds ovate-oblong, or oblong, or oblong- 
orbicular X ) A : ‘ ‘ Sp. 2-7. 
Fronds orbicular . ; ; Sp. 8-9. 
Fronds suberect, with edges folded together , Sp. 10-11. 


‘Imperfectly known species. ; ‘ Sp. 12-18. 


RHIZOCARPER. 185 


1. S. optonerrot1a Mart. Ic. Cryp. Bras. 128, t. 75, fig. 2, and 
t. 76. — Fronds laxly placed, subsessile, horizontal, oblong, emar- 
ginate, cordate at the base, 14-2 in. long, 4 in. broad, the very 
numerous veinlets as close as in S. Radula, the upper surface with 
firm papille with bristly tips, the lower side finely pubescent. 
Conceptacles 10-20 together in peduncled clusters, the cells of 
their walls regularly hexagonal. 

Hab. Amazon Valley and Central Brazil, Martius, Pohl, St. Hilaire. 


2. S. natans Hoffm. Germ. ii. 1; Schk. Crypt. t. 173; Corda 
Rhizos. t. 2, figs. 1-11. 8. verticillata Roxb. in Cale. Journ. 1845, 
t. 18-20; Griff. Ic. t. 123-128. 8S. vulgaris Rupr. S. europea 
Desy. 8S. Sprengelii Corda Rhizos. 10, t. 2, figs. 12-23. Marsilea 
natans Linn. — Fronds oblong, horizontal, rounded or slightly 
cordate at the base, 3-4 in. long, bright green on the upper surface, 
with about 20 erecto-patent veinlets on each side of the midrib, 
each beset with 6-8 tufts of minute bristles, the under side thinly 
matted like the stem with shining brown pellucid hairs. Con- 
ceptacles 4-8 in a cluster, the cells of their walls regularly 
hexagonal. 


Hab. Warm temperate regions of the northern hemisphere of the Old 
World, extending from the South of France to North China and the Plains of 
ndia. 


3. S. nigropunotata A. Br. in Kuhn. Fil. Afric. 201. — Habit 
entirely of S. natans. Fronds oblong, shortly petioled, 3-4 in. long, 
rounded or slightly cordate at the base, with 15-20 pairs of erecto- 
patent veinlets on each side of the midrib, marked with a row of 
spaced-out blackish dots, without distinct bristly points, the under 
surface thinly coated with adpressed brown hairs. Fruit unknown. 

Hab. Niger Country, gathered by Vogel and Barter. Old Calabar, Mann! 


4, §. Himprpranptiu Baker.—Fronds horizontal, sessile, oblong, 
4-4 in. long, +-1 in. broad, obtuse, or obscurely emarginate, cordate 
at the base, flat, distinctly keeled, green and rough with minute 
concolorous stiff hairs all over the upper surface, brown with 
matted fibres beneath. Fruit unknown. 

Hab. North Madagascar, Hildebrandt 3415! 


_ §. §. motuis Mett. in Kuhn Fil. Afric. 231.—Fronds horizontal, 
oblong, shortly petioled, 8-9 lines long, about 4 in. broad, truncate 
at the base, very obtuse at the apex, sublobed, densely clothed with 
short hairs, sparingly with a few longer ones beneath, the close 
veins anastomosing in several rows of areole between the midrib 
and edge. Fruit unknown. 

Hab. Madagascar, Thouars. 

6. S. wasrata Desy. in Ann. Linn. Soe. Par. vi. 177. — Fronds 
laxly disposed, thin, spreading, flat, shortly petioled, ovate-oblong, — 
about 3 in. long, 4-4 in. broad, slightly cordate at the base, deeply 
emarginate at the apex, clothed with dense short grey pubescence 
all over the upper surface, thinly matted with brownish tomentum 
beneath; veins very numerous, fine, immersed, erecto-patent. 
-Conceptacles not seen. 

Hab. Eastern Madagascar, Baron 1569! Humblot 350! 


136 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


7. S. Raputa Baker.—Habit of S. natans. Fronds horizontal, 
distinctly petioled, round-oblong, 4-3 in. long, 2 in. broad, distinctly 
cordate at the base, with 80-40 close veins on each side of the 
midrib, the whole upper surface rough with contiguous bristle- 
tipped papille, the lower side only clothed with a few minute fine 
adpressed hairs. Fruit unknown. 


Hab. British Guiana, Parker! Jenman 1114! 2213! Para, Spruce 508! 
Rio Janeiro, Raddi! Burchell 1580! Glaziow 2443! Midway between natans — 
and awriculata. 


8. S. mmmma Baker. —- Habit of S. natans. Fronds orbicular. 
nearly sessile, + in. diam., rounded or slightly cordate at the base, 
with about 10 erecto-patent veinlets on each side of the midrib, 
each beset with 5-6 tufts of minute bristles, the under surface 
brownish, and matted with shining pellucid hairs. Fruit unknown. 

Hab. Santa Catherina, South Brazil, Dr. Fritz Muller 479! 


9. §. aurtcunata Aublet Guian. 11. 969, t. 367. S. rotundifolia 
Willd.; Raddi Fil. Bras. t.1. S. hispida H.B.K.  S. biloba Raddi 
Fil. Bras. 1, t. 1.—Fronds firmer in texture than in S. natans, 
orbicular, deeply cordate at the base, 3 in. broad, the veinlets very 
close, 40-50 on each side of the midrib, the upper surface covered 
all over with crested papille, which towards the centre of the leaf 
are lengthened out into prolonged pellucid subulate processes of 
empty cells, the under surface only thinly pubescent. Conceptacles 
4-8 in a cluster, the walls of their cells very flexuose. 

Var. S. Olfersiana Klotzsch.—Fronds tightly packed, sessile, 
1 in, diam., with 20-80 veinlets on a side. 

Hab. Tropical-America, from Cuba to South Brazil. Var. Olfersiana. 
French Guiana, Poiteaw! Sagot 745! South Brazil, Olfers! Paraguay, 
ia 1123! S.afinis Desv. in Ann. Linn. Soc. Par. vi. 177, probably belongs 

ere. 

10. §. Sprucer Kuhn in Fl. Bras. 1. 655, tab. 81, figs. 11-18.— 
- Fronds crowded, subsessile, orbicular-cuneate, suberect, cucullate, 
1 in. broad, glabrous on both sides when mature; veins distinct, 
erecto-patent, anastomosing very little. Conceptacles not clustered. 


Hab. Amazon Valley, at Solimoes-gapo, Spruce 1636 (mixed with a small 
form of S. auriculata). 


11. 8. cucutuata Roxb. Fl. Ind. edit. Clarke 547; Wall. Cat. 
No. 899.—Fronds sessile, so tightly packed on the stems that they 
are nearly or quite erect, with inflexed borders broader (4-2 in. 
broad) than long, broadly cuneate or cordate at the base, the 
veining laxer and more flabellate than in the other species; 
veinlets 10-12 on each side of the midrib, with 5-6 hexagonal cells 
in a row between them; papille of upper surface very minute and 
close; under surface nearly naked. Fruit not seen. 

Hab. Tanks of the Plains of India. Swan River, Drummond 352! 


12.°S. nympHettuLta Desv. in Ann. Linn. Soc. Par. vi. 177. — 
Fronds suborbicular, cordate, rugoso-pilose above, sericeo-pilose 
beneath ; petiole wedge-shaped. 


Hab. West Africa. 


RHIZOCARPEA. 187 


13. S. apnatra Desy. loc. cit. — Fronds sessile, adnate, broadly 
subcuneate, 4-5 lines long, densely fasciculato-pilose above, glabrous 
beneath. 

Hab. Islands of East Africa. 


EXCLUDED SPECIES. 


S. pavieata Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 537, proves to be Trianea bogotensis 
Karst.; Regel Gartenflora, t. 980; in Hydrocharidacee. 


2. Azotua Lam.* 


Conceptacles of two kinds, placed in the axils of the leaves of the 
same plant, both indehiscent, one larger, membranous, globose, 
containing numerous microspores, which are aggregated in massule 
which are furnished with a membranous cuticle, and are borne on 
a branched filiform receptacle; the other kind smaller, ovoid, con- 
taining a single macrospore, which is crowned by few or many 
float-corpuscles, and has a calyptrate cap, which is pushed off as 
the archegonium developes.—Fugacious floating water-plants with 
copiously branched stems; leaves sessile, minute, densely imbri- 
cated, deeply-lobed, each lobe furnished with a midrib only; the 
stems sending out from the under side into the water copious simple 
or feathered solitary or fascicled root-fibres. 


Subgenus Huazorta Meyen.—Macrospores crowned with 3 float- 
corpuscles. Magsule of the microspores armed all round with 
rigid glochidiate processes. Root-fibres solitary Sp. 1-3. 


Subgenus Ruizosperma Meyen.—Macrospores crowned with nume- 
rous float-corpuscles. Massule of the microspores armed on 
one side with a few weak prickles without glochidiate tips. 
Root-fibres fascicled. 


Leafy fronds single and crowded . ; é Sp. 4. 
Leafy fronds placed on a wide-trailing leafless stem Sp. 5. 


1. A. rinicutoipEs Lam. Encye. i. 848; Kuhn in FI. Bras. i. 
658, tab. 82, figs. 9-11. A. magellanica Willd. A. Arbuscula 
Desy.—Fronds 1-2 in. long, copiously bipinnate. Leaves green or 
often tinted with red-brown, the larger lobe ovate. Macrospore 
with 8 float-corpuscles, its cuticle furnished with large discoid 
tubercles with deep pits between. Massule of microspores fur- 
with copious rigid processes, without septa, with a glochidiate 
ip. 

Hab. South America, mainly on the west side, ascending in the Andes to 
16,000 ft. The Alpine forms are dwarf, with nearly orbicular leaf-lobes. 

2. A. nupra R. Br. Prodr. 167 .— Fronds deltoid, 4-1 in. long, 
copiously bipinnate. Leaves of firm texture, red-brown, broad 


* See Mettenius in ‘ Linnea,’ xx. 259, figs. 2—3, and ‘ Plantie Tinneane,’ 
p- 51, tab. 25; Griffith’s ‘ Icones,’ tabs. 119—123; and Strasburger’s elaborate 
monograph, ‘ Ueber Azolla,’ 86 pages 8vo, with 7 plates, Jena, 1873. 


138 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. | 


ovate, always very obtuse. Macrospore like that of A. filiculoides. 
Massul covered with copious septate glochidiate processes. 
Hab. Australia and New Zealand. 


3. A. carotintana Willd. Sp. Plant. v. 541; Kuhn in FI. Bras. 
1. 659, tab. 82, figs. 1-6. A. microphylla Kaulf.; Mart. Ic. Crypt. — 
t. 74-75. A. densa Desv. A. meaicana Schlecht. A. portoricensis 
Spreng. A. bonariensis Bertol. — Fronds not more than 3-1 in. 
long, more deltoid and less copiously bipinnate than in A. /fili- 
culoides, the branching less racemose. Leaves of softer texture, 
generally pale green, smaller, the large lobes more rhomboid- 
oblong, always obtuse. Macrospore with 3 float-corpuscles, its 
cuticle finely granulated. Massule of the microspores with copious 
septate rigid processes, with a glochidiate tip. 

. Hab. Southern United States and California, through Tropical America to 
Buenos Ayres. 

4, A. prnnata R. Br. in Flind. Voy. i. 611, t. 10.—Root-fibres 
fascicled and conspicuously feathered. Fronds oblong or deltoid, 
2-1 in. long, with numerous crowded primary branches, all simple 
or the longest with a few crowded branches towards the tip. Leaf- 
lobes firm in texture, red-brown, broad ovate. Macrospore crowned 
with numerous float-corpuscles, its cuticle finely granular, armed 
with a few clavate papilla. Massule of microspores with only a few 
weak processes on one side. 

Var. A. africana Desy. A. guineensis Schum. A. decomposita 
Zoll. A. japonica Franch. & Savat. Salvinia imbricata Roxb.— 
Fronds smaller, deltoid, with fewer more distant, more compound 
branches. 

Hab. The type in Australia; the variety, which approximates in habit 
_ towards A. caroliniana, widely spread in Tropical Asia and Africa. 

5. A. ntuotica Decaisne; Metten. in Plant. Tinn. 51, t. 25.— 
Decompound deltoid leafy fronds placed on a branched wide- 
trailing leafless stem, with dense fascicles of root-fibres from its 
nodes. lLeaf-lobes ovate, often acute, conspicuously pilose. Macro- 
spore crowned with many float- corpuscles, its cuticle finely granu- 
lated and beset with a few clavate papilla. Massule like those of 
A. pinnata, but only two, not many, in a microsporange. 


Suborder 2.—Marsiniem. 


Conceptacles always double, the outer coriaceous and dehiscent, 
the inner membranous and indehiscent, ne sporangia of 
both kinds. 


3. Marsirea Linn.* 


Conceptacles oblong or globose, coriaceous in texture, placed in 
the axils of the leaves or rarely on their petiole, dehiscing finally 
along the ventral suture into two valves and emitting a mucilaginous 


* See A. Braun’s monographs as cited under the genus Pilularia, and a later 
paper in the Berlin ‘ Monatsbericht’ for 1872, pp. 668—679, reprinted in Journ. 
Bot. 1873, p. 55. 


. RHIZOCARPEA. 189 


placental cord, upon which are spaced out numerous oblong-cylin- 
drical sori with a membranous coat, cach sorus containing numerous 
microsporangia holding numerous microspores, and few macro- 
sporangia holding solitary macrospores. — Aquatic or subaquatic, 
- with a slender wide-creeping rhizome, the leaves produced singly or 
in tufts from its nodes, each consisting of a petiole and four sessile 
equal spreading deltoid-cuneate or oblanceolate leaflets with fla- 
bellate anastomosing veins. 


Pedicels many, short, springing from the petiole one 


above another Sp: 2. 
Pedicels 2-4-nate, rarely solitary, adnate to the base 

of the petioles ; Sp. 2-5. 
Pedicels 2-6-nate, rarely solitary, slightly connate at 

the base, quite free from the petiole : . Sp. 6-9. 


Pedicels single. 
Pedicels very short. 
Leaflets oblanceolate. ; : +, ep. 10, 11, 
Leaflets deltoid. . Sp. 12-21. 
Pedicels at least as long as the conceptacle. . 
Leaflets without pellucid streaks. Conceptacles 
mostly horizontal, adnate to the tip of the 
pedicel . Sp. 22-36. 
Leaflets with pellucid streaks. Conceptacles 
mostly erect, not adnate to the tip of the 
pedicel . , : : . Sp. 87-40. 


1. M. ponycarpa Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 160. M. brasiliensis 
Mart. Ic. Crypt. 122, t. 73.—Large, aquatic, glabrous, wide-creeping. 
Petiole 4-1 ft.; leaflets thin, deltoid, 4-1 in. long and broad ; 
outer border rounded and entire. Conceptacles 10-20, placed on - 
short curved pedicels arising from the petiole one above another 
some distance from its base, nearly globose, 1-12th in. long, not 
compressed, glabrescent, without border or basal teeth, its veins 
anastomosing midway between the sutures. Sori about 10. 

Hab. Tropical America and Society Islands. Var. mexicana A. Br. is a 
form with fewer conceptacles, beginning lower down on the petiole; M. picta 
Feé a variety with the leaves marked with conspicuous brown streaks in the 
areole formed by the veinlets; and M. subangulata A. Br., a small variety with 
fewer rather angular tomentose conceptacles. MM. Stratiotes A. Br., gathered by 


Spruce on the Lower Amazon, is perhaps a robust variety of polycar ‘pa with an 
unusually stout rhizome and petiole, but the fruit is entirely unknown. 


2. M. quaprirouiata Linn. Sp. 1563; Schk. Crypt. t. 173.— 
Large, eee, wide-creeping. Petiole 3-6 in.; leaflets deltoid, 
glabrous, 3-3 in. long; outer edge rounded and ‘entire. Pedicels 
2-4-nate, ly in. long, erect, connate with each other, and adnate 
to the base of the petiole and upper part of the base of the 
conceptacle. Conceptacles round-oblong, 4-4 in. long, usually 
eae when mature, not bordered; basal teeth minute. Sori 

0 


Hab. Central Europe to Japan and the North of India. Rare in the 
United States (New England). ‘ 


140 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. — : 
8. M. Brown A. Br. im. Berl. Monat. 1868, 418. M. quadri- 7 
folia R. Br. Prodr. 167. — Aquatic, wide-creeping, glabrous, with 
habit of M. quadrifoliata. Petiole reaching 6-9 in.; leaflets } 
deltoid, 3-14 in. long and broad; outer edge rounded, entire. 
Pedicels 1-3-nate, usually erect, 4-3 in. long, shortly connate, 
obscurely adnate to the base of the petiole, adnate to the upper 
part of the base of the horizontal or deflexed tomentose or 
glabrescent globose-oblong conceptacle, which is 4in. long, without ~ 
basal teeth. Sori about 15. 
Hab. New South Wales, R. Brown! R. Cunningham! 


4. M. macrorpus Engelm. Sillim. Journ. ser. 2, iii. 56. — 
Large-sized, wide-trailing, with habit of WM. quadvifoliata. Petioles 
reach 6-8 in.; leaflets deltoid, $-3 in. long and broad, slightly 
silky; outer edge rounded, entire. Pedicels 2—-4-nate, erect, 3-4 
times as long as the conceptacles, connate one-fourth to one-third 
of their length, and adnate to the base of the petiole and con- 
ceptacle. Conceptacle oblong, obliquely ascending, tomentose, 
1-5th iv. long; basal teeth small. Sori about 20. 


Hab. Texas, Lindheimer iii. 573! 


5. M. pertexa A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1868, 421; Kuhn in 
Fl. Bras. 1. 652, tab. 80, figs. 6-8. J. striata Mett. in Crypt. Nov. 
Gran. 894.—Aquatic, glabrous, wide-creeping. Petiole 6-8 in. 
long; leaflets deltoid, about 4 in. long and broad; outer edge 
rounded and entire. Pedicels 2-nate, 4 in. long, not connate, 
inserted on the petiole above its base, ascending or deflexed, 
inserted into the middle of the base of the obliquely-placed con- 
ceptacle, which is oblong, unbordered, 1-5th in. long, without basal 
teeth. Sori about 15. 

Hab. Brazil, in marshes south of Oeiras, Gardener 2760! WM. striata 


Mett., found by Triana in New Granada, has brown lines in the centre of the 
areole of its leaves, like those of M. polycarpa vay. picta. 


6. M. minuta Linn. Mant. 808. MM. erosa Willd. Sp. v. 540. 
M. dentata Roxb. — Subterrestrial or aquatic, both with a wide- 
creeping rhizome, the latter not distinguishable, when sterile, from 
M. quadrifoliata, the former with petioles 1-2 in. long, and nearly 
or quite glabrous leaflets 4-3 in. long, conspicuously toothed on the 
outer edge. Pedicels 2-6-nate, stiffly erect, 4-1 in. long, obscurely 
connate at the base, adnate to the whole base of the conceptacle. 
Conceptacle horizontal, glabrescent, about as broad as long 


(4-4 in.), truncate at the base, rounded at the apex, distinctly 


bordered; basal teeth both distinct, the upper one the largest. 
Sori 10-12. 

Hab. Plains of India. Var. Zollingeri A. Br., from Java, differs by its 
subentire leaflets, tomentose mature conceptacle, and less distinct teeth. M. 
crenata Presl. Rel. Henk. tab. 12, fig. 3, from the Philippine Islands, is perhaps 
the same form. A plant found by C. Wright in the Loo-Choo group is like if, 
but all the pedicels are solitary. M. brachycarpa A. Br. in Berl. Monat. 1863, 
420, is a form gathered in Pegu by McClelland, with small strongly-toothed 
leaflets of firm texture, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long on }—4 petioles, and smaller con- 
ceptacles with about 6 sori. Var. Wightii Baker (M. egyptiaca Wall. Cat. 
7096, non Willd.) connects it with the type. M. brachypus A. Br. in Berl. 
Monat. 1863, 421, gathered in the Neilgherries by Dr. Wight, is-a variety with 


_ RHIZOCARPES. 141 


silky leaves, and 2—3-nate tomentose conceptacles on short pedicels. M. graci- 
lenta A. Br. loc. cit., from the Concan, is a form intermediate between brachypus 
and the type, with longer pedicels than in the former, and less silky leaves. 

7. M. crenunata Desv. Prodr. 177. M. vulgaris Bory, ex parte. 
M. microcarpa A. Br. M. crenata A. Br., ex parte.—Subterrestrial 
or aquatic, with a wide-creeping rhizome, the latter, when sterile, 
not distinguishable from M. quadrifoliata, the former with petioles 
1-4 in., and deltoid leaflets 4-4 in. long, distinctly crenate on the 
outer edge. Pedicels 2-4-nate, stiffly erect, 4-4} in. long, connate 
at the base, free from the petiole, adnate to the whole base of the 
conceptacle. Conceptacle oblong-quadrate, horizontal, 1-12th to 
1-8th in. long, glabrous or slightly silky, unbordered; basal teeth 
small. Sori about 10. 

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon. Only differs from M. diffusa by its dis- 
tinctly crenate leaflets, and the smaller teeth of the base of the conceptacle. 

8. M. pirrrusa Leprieur; A. Br. in Flora, 1889, 800. M. 
vulgaris Bory, ex parte.—Subterrestrial or aquatic, both with a 
wide-creeping rhizome, the latter, when sterile, indistinguishable 
from M. quadrifoliata, the former with petioles 2-4 in. long and 
glabrous deltoid leaflets about 4 in. long and broad, entire or 
obscurely crenulate round the outer edge. Pedicels 2—4-nate, 
stiffly erect, 4-4 in. long, free from the petiole, obscurely connate 
at the base, adnate to the whole base of the conceptacle. Con- 
ceptacle oblong-quadrate, 4-4 in. long, horizontal, glabrescent, 
unbordered ; basal teeth both distinct. Sori 10-12. 

Hab. Algeria, Canaries, Mascaren Isles, and spread throughout Tropical 
Africa. Very near M. minuta, from which it differs by its unbordered con- 
ceptacles and usually entire leaflets. MM. cornuta A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 
1870, 728, gathered by Welwitsch in Angola, is a form with short pedicels and 
petioles, crenulate leaflets, and the teeth of the base of the conceptacle very 
distinct, the top one hooked. 

9. M. senrcatensis A. Br. in Flora, 1889, 800. — Middle-sized, 
wide-trailing, subterrestrial. Petiole 1-2 in.; leaflets deltoid, 
slightly silky, }-+ im. long, distinctly crenate round the outer 
edge. Pedicels 2-nate, stiffly erect, 3-4 in. long, obscurely connate 
at the base, free from the petiole, adnate to the whole base of the 
conceptacle. Conceptacle nearly square, horizontal, silky, un- 
bordered, 1-12th in. long, persistently silky; basal teeth minute. 
Sori 8-10. 


Hab. Senegal. Intermediate between WM. diffusa and egyptiaca. 


10. M. aneustironia R. Br. Prodr. Austr. 167.— Aquatic, large 
or middle-sized. Petiole reaching 1 ft.; leaflets oblanceolate, 
obtuse, 3-14 in. long, 4-4 in. broad, obscurely crenate on the outer 
edge, glabrous. Pedicels solitary, erect, very short, adnate to the 
upper part of the base of the conceptacle. Conceptacle oblong, 
horizontal, 4-4 in. long, unbordered, persistently tomentose; basal 
teeth obscure. Sori about 20. 

Hab. North Australia. 

11. M. renvuiroria Engelm.; A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1868, 


425.—Middle-sized, nearly or quite glabrous, with a slender wide- 
creeping rhizome, -Petiole 3-4 in,; leaflets oblanceolate, about 


142 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


34 in. long, 1-12th in. broad, with a rounded entire outer edge. 
Pedicels short, solitary, erect, adnate to the upper part of the base 
of the conceptacle. Conceptacle oblong, horizontal, unbordered, 
1-5th in. long, persistently tomentose; basal teeth distinct. Sori 
about 20. 


Hab. Texas. Lindheimer, fase. iv. No. 745. M. minuta Fourn. in Bull. 


Soc. Bot. France, 1880, p. 329, gathered in Mexico by Schaffner, is said to be © 


closely allied to this species. 


12. M. pusescens Tenore Prodr. Fl. Neap. Suppl. i. 70; A. Br. 


in Expl. Sc. Alger. t. 88. M. Fabri Dunal in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, 
ix. 115, t. 18.—Middle-sized, subterrestrial or aquatic, the latter 
short-creeping, with copious silky buds in the axils of the leaves. 
Petiole 1 in. to 1 ft.; leaflets deltoid, usually thinly silky, $—-} in. 
long; outer edge rather rounded, entire. Conceptacles sessile, 
crowded in two regular imbricating rows on the rhizome, globose- 
obovoid, + in. long, silky, unbordered, horizontal, with the pedicel 
adnate to the upper part of its base; basal teeth obscure. Sori 
about 10. 


Hab. Mediterranean region; South France, Italy, Morocco, Algeria. 


18. M. srricgosa Willd. Sp. v. 539.—-Middle-sized, subterrestrial 
or aquatic, the former tufted, the latter short-creeping. Petiole 
1-3 in. ; leaflets deltoid, obscurely silky or glabrescent, }-} in. long; 
outer edge slightly rounded, entire. Conceptacles sessile, crowded, 
oblong, + in. long, with the pedicel adnate to the upper part of the 
base, slightly silky when mature, not bordered, not arranged on the 
rhizome in two regular imbricating rows; basal teeth obscure. 
Sori 8-10. 


Hab. S.H. European Russia and Western Siberia. Very near M. pudvescens, 
with which Milde unites it. 


14. M. rmeriata Thoun. & Schum. Besk. Guin. 461. — Habit 
of M. quadrifoliata. . Petiole 4-1 ft.; leaflets deltoid, about an inch 
long, glabrous above, strigillose beneath ; outer edge entire. Con- 
ceptacle globose, size of anise-seed, solitary, subsessile, persistently 
tomentose. 

Hab. Guinea, Thouning. Known to me only from an incomplete description. 


15. M. nusica A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1863, 482. — Middle- 
sized, subterrestrial, short-creeping, glabrous. Petiole 1-14 im. 
long; leaflets deltoid, +-4 in. long and broad; outer edge rounded, 
entire. Pedicels solitary, erect, very short, adnate to the base of 
the conceptacle, finally turning black. Conceptacle nearly square, 
horizontal, 1-12th in. diam., unbordered, bright black, with a loose 
outer skin; basal teeth obsolete. Sori about 8. 


Hab. Kordofan, Kotschy 126! This and M. gymnocarpa differ from all the 
other species by their glossy black conceptacles with a loose wrinkled epidermis. 


16. M. uresura R. Br. Prodr. Austral. 167. — Large or middle- 
sized, aquatic or subterrestrial. Petiole 1-4 in. long, in the 
subterrestrial form; leaflets 4-} in. long, silky; outer border 
rounded and entire. Pedicels solitary, very short, erect, adnate 


to the upper part of the base of the conceptacle. Conceptacle 


RHIZOCARPE. 148 


ea obliquely round- oblong, the dorsalsuture nearly straight, 
1-6th to 1-5th in. long, persistently tomentose, unbordered ; basal 
teeth obscure. Sori about 15. 

Hab. North Australia, Queensland,and N.S. Wales. MW. exarata A. Br. in 


Berl. Monatber. 1870, 782, is a wide-trailing terrestrial form, with leaves and 
fruits in dense tufts at the distant nodes, and small silky leaflets of firm texture. 


17. M. virnosa Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 272.—Middle-sized or large, 
subterrestrial or aquatic, with deltoid leaflets, with rounded entire 
outer border, thinly silky, except in the aquatic. Pedicel short, 


solitary, erect, adnate to the upper part of the base of the con- 


ceptacle. Conceptacle round-oblong, persistently silky, unbordered, 
about 1-5th in. long, one-fifth longer than broad; basal teeth pro- 
minent, the upper one hooked, the two separated by a narrow acute 
sinus. Sori about 15. 


Hab. Sandwich Islands. Very near M. vestita. 


18. M. vestira Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 159. — Subterrestrial, 
tufted or wide-creeping. Petiole 1-6 in. long; leaflets deltoid, 
4-1 in. long, thinly clothed with adpressed brown hairs; outer 
edge rounded and entire. Pedicels short, solitary, erect, adnate to 
the upper part of the base of the conceptacle. Conceptacles hori- 
zontal, round-oblong, persistently tomentose, unbordered, 1-6th to 
1-5th in. long; basal teeth prominent. Sori about 15. 

Var. M. mucronata A. Br. in Sillim. Journ. ser. 2, i. 55.— 
Leaflets and conceptacles less silky. Pedicels short. M. brevipes 
Nutt. 

Var. M. uncinata A. Br. in Flora, 1839, 300.—More robust. 
Pedicel often longer than the conceptacle, of which the basal teeth 
are very distinct, the upper one hooked. Sori 20-24. 

Hab. British Columbia, California and Western United States down to 
Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico. 


19. M. mexicana A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1870, 747.—Middle- 


_ sized, subterrestrial, with leaves and pedicels clustered at the con- 


tiguous nodes. Petiole 1-4 in.; leaflets deltoid, slightly silky, 
4-4 in. long; outer edge entire, a little rounded. Pedicels very 
short, ascending or deflexed, adnate to the upper part of the oo 
of the conceptacle. Conceptacle round-oblong, horizontal, + in. 
long, persistently tomentose, unbordered; basal teeth none or “very 
obscure. Sori 16-18. 
anak In Mexico, near Talisco, Beechey! San Luis Potosi, Parry & Palmer 

20. M. Ernest A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1870, 746. M. striata 
Ernst, non Mett.— Aquatic or subterrestrial, middle-sized, with 
crowded or widely separated nodes. Petiole + in.; leaflets 
deltoid, glabrous or obscurely silky, 1-12th to }in. long and broad; 
outer edge rounded, entire. Pedicels solitary, very short, erect or 
deflexed, adnate to the upper part of the base of the conceptacle. 
Conceptacle horizontal round-oblong, 1-5th in. long, persistently 
tomentose ; basal teeth none, or very obscure. Sori 15-20. 

Hab. Caracas, Ernst! 


_ ~~ &; 
~*~ a= 
‘ +e 
. aA 
“ 


144 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. 


21. M. concrwna Baker. — Subaquatic, wide-trailing, small or 
middle-sized. Petiole -14 in. ; leaflets deltoid, glabrous or slightly 3 
silky, 4-4 in. long and broad ; outer edge rounded, entire. Pedicels — 

solitary, erect, 3-4 in. long, inserted in the middle of the base of 

the conceptacle. Conceptacle oblong, horizontal, 4 in. long, per- 

sistently tomentose, unbordered, without basal teeth. Sori about 10. 
Hab. Paraguay, in marshes near Assumption, Balansa 1127! 


22. M. Burcuenitm A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1868, 429. M.- 
pumila EK. Meyer. M. pusilla A. Br. M. minuta and filiformis 
Burch. — Subterrestrial or aquatic, wide-trailing, the former (M. 
minuta Burch.) with petioles 4-1 in., and silky deltoid leaflets 
1-12th in. long, of firm texture, entire or emarginate on the outer 
edge; the latter (M. jfiliformis Burch.) with petioles 3-4 in. long, 
and entire glabrous leaflets 41-4 in. long and broad. Pedicels 
solitary, stiffly erect, }-4 in. long, adnate to nearly the whole of 
the base of the conceptacle. Conceptacle horizontal, nearly square, 
1-12th in. diam., persistently tomentose, unbordered; upper basal 
tooth distinct ; lower obsolete. 

Hab. Cape Colony, as far north as the Transvaal. 


23. M. propa Willd. Sp. Plant. v. 540. M. glomerata Presl. 
—Subterrestrial or aquatic, wide-trailing, the former minute, with 
petioles 3-1 in. and silky leaflets 4-4 in. long; the latter with - 
glabrous leaflets } in. long and broad; the leaflets in both states 
deltoid, with a deeply-lobed outer edge. Pedicels solitary, erect, 
about as long as the conceptacle, adnate to its base. Conceptacle 
nearly square, horizontal, 1-12th in. long, persistently silky ; upper 
basal tooth distinct, lower obscure. Sori 8-10. 

Hab. Cape Colony. 


_ 94, M. capensis A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1863, 428.—Middle- 
sized, aquatic or subterrestrial. Petioles reach 4 ft. long; leaflets 
deltoid, thinly silky or glabrous, +-34 in. long; outer edge entire or 
emarginate. Pedicels solitary, erect, 4-4 in. long, adnate to the 
base of the conceptacle. Conceptacle nearly square, horizontal, 
tomentose or glabrescent, unbordered, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long; 
upper basal tooth distinct, lower nearly or quite obsolete. Sori 
10-12. 

Hab. Cape Colony. WM. villosa Burchell MSS., of which the fruit is 
unknown, differs by its densely silky leaves, and nodes furnished with large 
buds densely coated with ferruginous shining subulate palez. 


25. M. macrocarpa Presl. in Abh. Bohn. Ges. Wiss. 111.580. MM. 
Dregeana A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1863, 428.—Large wide-trailing, 
aquatic, glabrous. -Petiole 4-1 ft.; leaflets deltoid, 2-3 in. long 
and broad ; outer edge entire or crenate. Pedicels solitary, erect, 
1-1 in. long, adnate to nearly the whole base of the conceptacle. 
Conceptacle horizontal, oblong-quadrate, persistently tomentose, 
4 in. long, unbordered; basal teeth obsolete. Sori about 20. 

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal. 


26. M. rotunpata A. Br. in. Kuhn. Fil. Afric. 200. — Aquatic, 
glabrous, moderately wide-creeping. Petiole reaching }ft.; leaflets 


r-» * 


RHIZOCARPEX. 145 


deltoid, 4-4 in. long; outer edge rounded and entire. Pedicels 
solitary, erect or spreading, about 3 in. long, adnate to the base of 
the conceptacle. Conceptacle round-oblong, horizontal or obliquely 
ascending, 4+ in. long, unbordered, glabrescent or slightly silky ; 
basal teeth very obscure. Sori about 15. 


Hab. Angola, in the subtemperate region of the province of Huilla, 
Welwitsch 171! Very near the Cape M. macrocarpa. 


27. M. susrerranna Leprieur; A. Br. in. Flora, 1839, 301.— 
Habit of M. quadrifoliata; leaflets large, with a rounded entire 
outer edge. Pedicel solitary, deflexed, 2-3 times as long as the 
conceptacle, adnate to its base. Conceptacle forming an obtuse 
angle with the pedicel, round-oblong, } in. long, compressed, 
distinctly bordered ; basal teeth close, minute. Sori about 10. 

Hab. Senegal, Perottet 996. 


28. M. arpsa A. Br. in Berl. Monat. 1870, 741.—Aquatic, wide- 
trailing, glabrous, undistinguishable when seal from M. quadri- 
Joliata. Petiole 4-6 in. long; leaflets deltoid, 4-4 in. long, with a 
_ tubercled epidermis; outer edge rounded, pede, a Butiecl: solitary, 
arcuate from a decumbent base, 4-5 times as long as the conceptacle, 
adnate to its base. Conceptacle oblong, unbordered, oblique, 
ascending or deflexed, 1-6th to 1-5th in. long; upper tooth distinct, 
lower obscure. Sori about 15. 
Hab. Central Africa, in Bongo-land, Schweinfurth 2147! 


29. M. eymnocarpa Leprieur; A. Br. in Flora, 1839, 300. M. 
leiocarpa Bory MSS.—Habit of M. nubica. Leaflets narrowly 
deltoid, nearly glabrous; outer edge rounded, entire. Pedicels 
solitary, erect, brownish, rather longer than the conceptacle, adnate 
to its base. Conceptacle nearly square, $ in. diam., much ¢om- 
pressed, unbordered, glabrous, bright black, with a loose outer 
skin, placed rather obliquely (declinate) as regards the pedicel; 
basal teeth obscure. Sori 8-10. 


Hab. Senegal, Lepriewr, Perottet. Differs mainly from WU. nubica by its 
longer pedicel. 

30. M. meypriaca Willd. Sp. v. 540; Delile, Fl. Egypt. 253, t. 50. 
—Subterrestrial or aquatic, very =e in size. Petiole in the 
aquatic form 4-1 ft.; leaflets deltoid, 4-3 = long, entire: in the 
subterrestrial form much shorter ; leaflets 1-4 in. long, often thinly 
silky, deeply crenate on the outer edge. *Pedicels solitary, erect, 
3-4 in. long, adnate to the whole base of the conceptacle, which is 
horizontal, nearly square, 1-12th to 1-10th in. long, usually silky, 
not bordered, with the upper corner of the base produced into an 
obscure tooth. Sori about 6. 

Hab. Lower Egypt and Astracan. 


31. M. conpensata Baker.—Subterrestrial, middle-sized, densely 
tufted. Petioles 4 —14in. long; leaflets deltoid, firm in texture, thinly 
silky, +-4 in. long, crenate on the outer edge. Pedicels in a tuft 
with the “leaves, free to the base, 4-3 in. long, stiffly erect, adnate 
to the whole base of the conceptacle. Conceptacle horizontal, 


L 


e 


- 
¥. ‘ 


146 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. ‘ 


suborbicular, densely silky, unbordered, + in. long; basal teeth = 


none or very obscure. Sori about 10. * 
Hab. Scinde, Herb. Dalzell! 


32. M. quaprata A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1870, 745. Ba Ps 
terrestrial, BoRACYy tufted. Petiole 1-2 in. long; leaflets deltoid, 
rather silky, 1-1 in. long, crenate on the slightly rounded outer 

~ edge. Podiodis ‘solitary, rect 4 
base of the conceptacle. Conceptacle nearly square, glabrescent, 
horizontal, unbordered, 1-12th in. long; basal teeth distinct. 
Sori 5 

Hab. Borneo, Low! Very near M. egyptiaca. 


. 


33. M. Drummonpm A. Br. in Linnea, xxy. 721, M. macropus 
Hook. Ic. t. 909; Gard. Ferns, t. 68. MM. Howittiana, sericea, 
Nardu, macra, oxaloides, and hirsutissima A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 
1870, 734-739.—Large, subterrestrial or aquatic. Petiole often 
4 ft. or more long in subterrestrial forms; leaflets deltoid, usually 
silky, 3 4-3 in. long; outer edge rounded, entire or crenate. Pedicels 
1-2 in. long, stiffly erect, adnate to the upper part of the base of 
the conceptacle. Conceptacles oblique oblong, not bordered, with 
the dorsal suture nearly straight, }-} in. long, obliquely ascending, 
cuspidate, with a pair of small teeth at the upper corner of the 
base. Sori 15-20. 


Var. M. Muelleri A. Br. in Linnea, xxv. 721. M. salvatria 


Hanstein.—Conceptacle more regularly oblong, the dorsal suture 
more rounded. 

Var. M. elata A. Br. in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1867, App. 3.— 
Conceptacle erect, with a pedicel 24-3 in. long. 

Hab. Central and Southern Australia. 


84. M. Berreror A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1870, 747. — Very 
near M.meaicana. Leaflets smaller and glabrous. Pedicels longer, 
curved, decumbent, sometimes twice as long as the conceptacle, 
adnate to the upper part of its base. Conceptacle oblong, per- 
sistently tomentose, 1-5th in. long; basal teeth obseure. Sori 
about 23. 

Hab. St. Domingo, gathered by Bertero. 


35. M. mutica Mett. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, xv. 88. —Aquatic, 
middle-sized, wide-creeping. Petiole 6-8 in. long ; leaflets deltoid, 


glabrous } in. long; outer edge rounded, entire. Pedicels solitary, 


ascending, 3 4-1 in. long, scarcely at all adnate to the base of the 
conceptacle, “inserted at te lower corner. Conceptacle horizontal, 
unbordered, glabrescent, 4-} in. long, obovoid-oblong ; basal teeth 
obsolete. Sori about 15. 


Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard 1698! We have aquatic forms of similar 
habit, but without fruit, from Tahiti and Fiji, and another from New Caledonia, 
with entire leaflets 14—14 in. long and broad. 


86. M. ancytopopa A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 18638, 434.— 
Wide-trailing, middle-sized or large, aquatic or subterrestrial, the 
latter with leaves rather silky. Petiole 1-4 in.; leaflets deltoid, 
reaching 4-3 in. long and broad; outer border rounded and entire. 


-1 in. long, adnate to the whole 


! 


> 


- 
. x RHIZOCARPEE. 147 


Pedicels solitary, abruptly deflexed, 1-6th to 1-5th in. long, adnate 

to the middle of the base of the conceptacle. Conceptacle obovoid- 

globose, unbordered, tomentose, 1-5th in. long; basal teeth none 

or very indistinct. Sori about 20. . 
Hab. Marshes in Ecuador, near Guayaquil, Jameson 394! Spruce 6550! 


37. M. cornomanpexica Burm. Fl. Ind. tab. 62, fig. 3. M. 
coromandeliana Willd. Sp. Plant. v. 5389. M. minuta var. coroman-- 
deliana Linn. Mant. 3808. — Small, aquatic or subterrestrial, 
glabrous in all its parts. Petiole 4-3 in. long; leaflets deltoid, 
1-12th to 1-3rd in. long; outer edge rounded, entire. Pedicels 
4-3 in. long, free, filiform, erect, inserted in the middle of the base 
of the conceptacle. Conceptacle oblong, erect, 4in. long, distinctly 
bordered and grooved down the face; basal teeth distinct. 
Sori 10-12. 

Hab. Plains of Peninsular India, and discovered recently by Dr. I. B. 
Balfour in Socotra. Species 37—40 differ from all the other species by having 
pellucid streaks in the areole of the leaflets running down their long diameter. 

38. M. rricnopopa Leprieur; A. Br. in Flora, 1839, 300.— 
Small, subterrestrial, wide-trailing, glabrous. Petiole 1-14 in. 
long; leaflets deltoid, about +in. long; outer edge rounded and 
entire. Pedicels solitary, very slender, ascending, about 4 in. long, 
inserted into the middle of the base of the erect or slightly oblique 
round-oblong distinctly-bordered conceptacle, which is 1-12th to 
1-8th in. long, distinctly grooved across the faces, and furnished 
at the base with two obscure teeth. Sori 8-10. 

Hab. Senegal, Heudelot 548! Very near the Asiatic M. coromandelica, 
from which it differs by its smaller conceptacles, broader in proportion to their 
length, and less distinct basal teeth. 

39. M. muscomwses Leprieur; A. Br. in Flora, 1839,.300. M. 
microphylla Welw. MSS. — Minute, subterrestrial, wide-trailing. 
Petiole very slender, 1-1} in. long; leaflets deltoid, glabrous, 
4-4 in. long; outer edge rounded, entire. Pedicels solitary, erect, 
filiform, 4-4 in. long, inserted into the middle of the base of the 
distinetly-bordered erect round-oblong glabrous conceptacle, which 
is distinctly grooved across the sides, and furnished at the base with 
two minute teeth. Sori 4-6. 

Hab. Senegal, Lepriewr. Angola, Welwitsch 109! 175! Closely allied to 
the two preceding species. 

40, M. pistorta A. Br. in Berl. Monatber. 1868, 483.—Middle- 
sized. Leaflets deltoid, glabrous, crenulate on the outer edge. 
Pedicel 24-8 times as long as the conceptacle, very shortly adnate 
to its base, solitary, slender, spreading or deflexed, flexuose, 
abruptly incurved at the tip. Conceptacle obovoid from a narrow 
base, little compressed, not margined, about + in. long, half as long 
again as broad, tomentose till maturity. Sori 12-14. 

Hab. Senegal, Lelievre, Leprieur. 


148 HANDBOOK OF THE FERN-ALLIES. . ‘ 


¥ 4, Pruuvaria (Vaill.) Linn.* 


__ Conceptacles globose, coriaceous in texture, placed singly on short 
pedicels in the axils of the leaves, 2-4-celled, dehiscing at the tip 
into as many valves as there are cells, each cell (sorus A. Br.) 
furnished with a parietal placenta, from which arise numerous sacs 
with loose cellular membranous walls, the upper sacs representing 
microsporangia and each containing numerous microspores, the 
lower sacs representing macrosporangia and each containing a 
single macrospore.—Submerged inconspicuous plants, with wide- 
creeping slender rhizomes, with a leaf from the upper side, and a 
tuft of root-fibres from the lower side of each node. Leaves 
filiform, without any lamina, circinate in vernation, furnished, like 
the creeping stem, with several vascular bundles. 


Conceptacles 2-celled. : 
Macrosporangia 1 in each cell : Sp. 1. 
Macrosporangia many in each cell . Sp. 2. 

Conceptacles 2-4, usually 3- celled — ‘ Sp. 3. 

Conceptacles 4- celled . i ; Sp. 4-6. 


1. P. minuta Durieu; A. Br. in Berl. Monat. 1869, 485; Dexr. 
Se. Alger. t. 38.—Rhizome and leaves much more slender than in 


P. globulifera, the latter 1-1} in. long. Pedicels longer than the — 


conceptacles, which are not more than 4 lin, diam., deflexed, 
2-celled. Macrospores globose, not constricted, solitary in the cells. 
Hab. South of France, Algeria, Sardinia, and Asia Minor. 


2. P. novm-zeLanpi& Kirk in Trans. New Zeal. Instit. ix. 547, 
t. 29. — Rhizome and leaves more slender than in P. globulifera, 
the latter fewer and more distant 14-2 in. long. Pedicels as long 
as the “hipig  “aot attached to the centre of their base. Con- 


ceptacles 3-4 in. diam. erect or subcernuous, 2-celled. Macrospores — 


subglobose, not constricted, 10-12 to a cell. 
Hab. New Zealand; hills of the southern island, Kirk 832! Berggren! 


8. P. amertcana A. Br. in Berl. Monat. 18638, 485.—P. valdiviana 
Philippi. — Rhizome and leaves rather more slender than in P. 
globulifera, the latter 1-2 in. long. Pedicel short, arcuate. Con- 
ceptacle 2-4, usually 3-celled, 1-12th to 1-8th in. diam., erect. 
Macrospores subglobose, not constricted, 10-15 to a cell. 


Hab. Arkansas, Nuttall! Near Santa Barbara, California, Mrs. Cooper. 


Valdivia, Chili, Philippi! 


4, P. novm-notitanpiz A. Br. in Berl. ‘Monat. 1868, 485. — 
Rhizome and leaves rather more slender than in P. globulifera, the 


latter 14-2 in. long. Pedicel short, attached to one side of the 


deflexed conceptacle, which is } in. diam., 4-celled. Macrospores 
subglobose, not constricted, 20-25 to a cell, 


Hab. Swan River, Drummond 991! Tasmania, Gunn 1561! South-east 
Australia, Hannaford. 


* See A. Braun in ‘ Monatberichte der Konigl. Akadamie der Wissenschaften 
in Berlin.’ Oct. 1863 (translated into French Ann, Sc. Nat., Series vi., vol. i., 
p. 93), and Aug. 15, 1872. 


a 


——Y «ee 


i i —— 


ee 


RHIZOCARPER. 149 


5. P. eroputirera Linn. Sp. 1563; Valent. in Trans. Linn. 
Soc. xviii. t. 84; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 57.—Leaves usually 2-4 in. 
long. Pedicel very short, erect, attached to the centre of the base 
of the erect conceptacle, which is 4-celled, 3 in. diam. Macro- 
spores ovoid, constricted above the middle, 15-20 to a cell. 

Hab. Throughout Europe. ; 

6. P. Manponr A. Br. in Berl. Monat. 1862, 679. — Leaves 
rather flattened, 1-14 in. long,. Pedicel arcuate-ascending, }-1 in. 
long, attached to the centre of the base of the 4-celled conceptacle, 
which is just like that of P. globulifera. 
fa Andes of Bolivia, alpine region, at 16,000 ft. above sea-level, Mandon 


a 
* 


KEY TO THE ORDERS AND GENERA. 


Ld 
ee ee 


Hs 


Series I. ZSOSPOR1A.—Spores all of one kind, falling to the 
ground and producing independent prothallia, on which are 
developed antheridia and archegonia. 


Order I. FILICES.—Stems solid, producing leafy fronds with 
copious and often complicated venation. Sporangia usually 
arranged in clusters (sori) on the back or edge of leafy fronds, 
rarely in spikes or panicles. Spores without elaters. Vernation 
circinate. 


Order II. EQUISETACEA.—Stems hollow, destitute of proper 
leaves ; nodes distinct, each furnished with a short toothed sheath; 
branches, if present, usually verticillate. Sporangia placed on the 
underside of peltate scales, which form a cone at the end of the 
stem. Spores furnished with four long elaters, clubbed at the end. 
Vernation not circinate. 


Equisetum.—The only genus. Page 1. 


Order III. LYCOPODIACE.—Stems solid, usually furnished 
with copious small leaves with simple veining. Sporangia solitary © 
in the axils of ordinary or modified leaves. Spores without 
elaters. Vernation circinate. 


* Acaulescent. 


1. PuytLocLossum.—Leaves all in a radical rosette. Sporangia 
in a dense spike at the end of a leafless peduncle. Page 7. 


** Caulescent. 


2. Lycopoprum.— Sporangia orbicular, compressed, 1-celled, 
2-valved. Leaves small, crowded. Page 7. 
3. Tmesipteris. — Sporangia boat-shaped, 2-celled, 2-valved. 


Leaves longer, less crowded. Page 29. 
4, Pstorum.—Sporangia turbinate, 3-celled, 3-valved. Leaves 
distant, rudimentary. Page 30. 


¥ 


-& 


152 KEY TO THE ORDERS AND GENERA. 


Series I]. HETEROSPORIA. — Spores of two different kinds, 
macrospores and microspores, both developing rudimentary 
prothallia, which remain attached to the spore, those of the 
macropores bearing archegonia and those of the microspores 
bearing antheridia containing antherozoids. 


Order IV. SELAGINELLACEA. — Sporangia not enclosed 
in any exterior covering, placed singly in the axils of ordinary or 
modified leaves. . 


1. Sevacinetyta.—Terrestrial and caulescent. Sporangia de- 
hiscent, free, collected in spikes of which the bracts are usually 
different from the proper leaves in shape and texture. Macro- 
spores few in each macrosporangium. Page 31. 

2. Isonres.—Aquatic or subterrestrial, “acaulescent. Sporangia 
not arranged in spikes but imbedded in the base of the long 
subulate leaves of a dense rosette. Macrospores very numerous 
in each macrosporangium. Page 123. 


Order V. RHIZOCARPEAS. — Sporangia enclosed in one or 
two exterior coverings (conceptacles). 


Suborder I. Satvistem. — Conceptacles membranous, inde- 
hiscent, containing only one kind of sporange. 


1. Sanvinta.— Leaves entire, with complicated anastomosing 
venation. Microsporangia free inside the conceptacle. Page 134. 

2. Azou~ua.—— Leaves small, bifid, simply veined, clasping a 
produced stem. Macrosporangia aggregated inside the conceptacle 
in massule with a membranous cuticle. Page 137. 


Suborder II. Marsinma. —- Conceptacles always double, the 
outer sac coriaceous and dehiscent, the inner membranous, in- 
dehiscent, containing sporangia of both kinds. 


3. Marsitea. — Conceptacles many-celled, dehiscing by the 
ventral suture. Leaf consisting of a petiole and 4 digitate cuneate 
leaflets. Page 138. 

4, PinuLarta.—Conceptacles 2—4-celled, dehiscing at the tip by 
as many valves as there are cells. Leaf reduced to a filiform 
petiole. Page 148. 


INDEX. 


(VARIETIES AND SyNoNyMs IN ITatics.) 


‘e. 
| 


> + 
AZOLLA ; EQuiIsETUM EQuisETUM 
africana, 138 campanulatum, 4 ramosissimum, 


Arbuscula, 137 
bonariensis, 138 
caroliniana, 138 
decomposita, 138 
densa, 138 
filiculoides, 137 
guineensis, 138 
japonica, 138 
magellanica, 137 
mexicana, 138 
microphylla, 138 
nilotica, 138 
pinnata, 138 
portoricensis, 138 
rubra, 137 


- Bernhardia 


antillarum, 30 
californica, 30 
capensis, 30 
complanata, 30 
Deppeana, 30 
dichotoma, 30 
Jloridana, 30 
indica, 30 
mariana, 30 
mascarenica, 30 


nove-hollandie, 30 


oahuensis, 30 
ramulosa, 30 
Schiedeana, 30 
Zollingeri, 30 
Cephaloceraton 
Hystriz, 134 
EQuiIsETUM 
altissimum, 5 
arenarium, 6 
arvense, 2 


arvensi-limosum, 3 


asperrimum, 5 
bicarinatum, 3 
bogotense, 3 


campestre, 2 
caracasanum, 4 
chilense, 3 
debile, 5 
diffusum, 3 
Drummondii, 2 
eburneum, 2 
elongatum, 4 
ephedroides, 4 
Jlagelliferum, 3 
fluviatile, 2, 4 
giganteum, 4 
giganteum, 4 
Heleocharis, 4 
Humboldtii, 4 
hyemale, 5 
incanum, 4 
inundatum, 3 
Kochianum, 3 
leve, 3 
levigatum, 5 
laxum, 5 
Lechleri, 4 
limosum, 4 
littorale, 3 
Mackaii, 6 
Martii, 4 
maximum, 2 
mexicanum, 4 
Moorei, 5 
multiforme, 6 
myriochetum, 4 
paleaceum, 5 
pallens, 5 
pallidum, 4 
palustre, 3 
pannonicum, 4, 5 
prealtum, 6 
pratense, 2 
pyramidale, 4 
quitense, 3 


~“ 


ramosissimum, 4 
ramosum, 4 
reptans, 6 
robustum, 6 
scandens, 4 
Schaffneri, 4 
Schleichleri, 5 
scirpoides, 6 
scoparium, 3 
Sieboldi, 5 
silvaticum, 2 
stipulaceum, 3 
Telmateia, 2 
Timorianum, 5 - 
brachyodon, 6 
umbrosum, 2 
variegatum, 6 
verticillatum, 5 
virgatum, 5 
Wilsoni, 6 — 
xylochetum, 4 
zonatum, 5 


IsoETES 


adspersa, 129 
eequinoctialis, 131 
alpina, 127 
amazonica, 133 
ambigua, 125 
andina, 124 
atrovirens, 125 
azorica, 125 
betica, 132 
Bolanderi, 126 
Boottii, 125 
Boryana, 130 
brachyglossa, 131 
Braumii, 125 
Butleri, 128 
californica, 126 
capsularis, 132 
Chapmanni, 129 


eS” * 


154 * 
cf 


IsoETES 
coromandelina, 132 
crassa, 125 
cubana, 133 
decipiens, 130 
Delalandei, 134 
Drummondii, 128 
dubia, 130 
Durizi, 133 
Duriai, 134 
echinospora, 125 
elatior, 124 
Engelmanni, 128 
flaccida, 129 
Gardneriana, 133 
Gunnii, 124 
Hookeri, 126 
humilior, 126 
Hystrix, 134 
japonica, 132 
Karstenii, 126 
Kirkii, 127 
lacustris, 125 
Lechleri, 126 
longissima, 130 
macrospora, 125 
malinverniana, 129 
Martii, 129 
melanopoda, 128 
melanospora, 127 
Morei, 125 
Muelleri, 127 
muricata, 125 
natalensis, 132 
nigritiana, 131 
Nuttallii, 128 
olympica, 131 
opaca, 128 
Perralderiana, 130 
pheospora, 132 
pygmea, 125 
riparia, 127 
saccharata, 127 
Savatieri, 133 
setacea, 129 
setacea, 125 
sicula, 134 
socia, 126 
Stuartii, 126 
Suksdorfii, 132 
tasmanica, 124 
tegulensis, 130 
tenella, 125 
tenuissima, 131 
tridentata, 133 
tripus, 132 
triquetra, 124 
Tuckermanni, 126 
valida, i128 
velata, 130 
Welwitschii, 131 

LycoropIuM 
acerosum, 14 


INDEX. 


Lycopopium 
acutifolium, 18 
acrostachyum, 17— 
affine, 14 
affine, 28 
albidulum, 71 
aloifolium, 10 
alopecuroides, 19 
alpinum, 27 
ambiguum, 28 
amboinense, 22 
anceps, 104 
annotinum, 25 
anomalum, 122) 
apiculatum, 22 
apiculatum, 52 
apodum, 71 
aqualupianum, 20 
arbuscula, 94, 97 * 
argentewm, 95 
aristatum, 26, 66 
articulatum, 82 
asperulum, 105 
assurgens, 26 
atrovirens, 54 
atroviride, 77 
attenuatum, 15 
australe, 22 
axillare, 10 
Belangeri, 108 
bicolor, 93 
bifidum, 11 
biforme, 21 
Bigelovii, 19 
Billardieri, 20 
Blumeanum, 18 
boreale, 73 
Boryanum, 23 
brachystachys, 18 
brasiliense, 14, 57, 70 
brevifolium, 10 
Brongniartii, 16 
bryoides, 35 
bryopteris, 35, 87, 88 
eesium, 48 
cesium arboreum, 93 
céspitosum, 36, 116 
callitrichefolium, 19 
calostachyon, 118 
canaliculatum, 91 
cancellatum, 17 
capillaceum, 23 
capillare, 15 
carinatum, 17 
carolinianum, 28 
casuarinoides, 24 
catharticum, 13 
caudatum, 91 
caulescens, 94 
cernuum, 23 
ceylanicum, 11 
Chamecyparissus, 29 
chilense, Y2 


LycoroDIUM 


chrysocaulon, 117 
ciliare, 37, 105 
ciliatum, 34 
eircinale, 87, 88 — 
clavatum, 26 
cochleatum, 76 ¢ 
comans, 24 
commutatum, 11 
compactum, 9 
complanatum, 28 ‘ 
comptonioides, 29 
concinnum, 52 
congestifolium, 21 
contextum, 19 
contiguum, 25 
convolutum, 23, 88 
cordifolium, 89, 112 
crassicaule, 83 
cruentum, 9 
cryptomerinum, 11 
cuspidatum, 89 
curvatum, 23, 83 
curvifolium, 14 
Cunninghami, 25 
dacrydioides, 17 
Dalhousieanum, 18 
debile, 118 
decurrens, 29 a 
dendroideum, 24 “ 
dendromorphum, 27 
densifolium, 11 
densum, 24 
denticulatum, 37, 65 
denudatum, 55 ~ 
depressum, 51 
diaphanum, 25 
dichotomum, 16 
didymostachyum, 55 
diffusum, 27 
diffusum, 64 
dilatatum, 48 
divaricatum, 26 
diversifolium, 19 
Douglasii, 47 
Dregei, 35 
drepanoides, 28 
Drummondii, 19 
Durvillei, 29, 91 
echinatum, 18 
Eichleri, 23 
elegans, 90 
elongatum, 10 
empetrifolium, 10 
epiceefolium, 18 
ericefolium, 22 
ericetorum, 28 
ericinum, 23 
eriostachys, 26 
erubescens, 9 
erythreum, 10 
erythrocaulon, 21 
erythropus, 103 


japonicum, 24 


LycopopIUuM 


eversum, 11 
exaltatum, 93 
falcatum, 100 
fastigiatum, 27 
licaule, 25 
liforme, 22 
Jjiliforme, 14 
firmum, 12 
Jissidentoides, 51 
flabellatum, 80, 98 
Jflaccidum, 14, 83 
Flagellaria, 17, 20 
flagelliforme, 17 
Flagellum, 20 
flexibile, 16 
fontinaloides, 13 
Fordii, 17 
Forsteri, 18 
fruticulosum, 81, 94, 100 
fulcratum, 98 
funiculosum, 17 
funiforme, 14 
furcatum, 22, 77 
Gayanum, 29 
geniculatum, 105 
glaucescens, 26 
glaucum, 18 
gracile, 98 
gracillimum, 34 
gnidioides, 17 
gramineum, 14 
guadalupianum, 20 
hematodes, 103 
Haenkei, 29 
Haleakala, 9 
Hamiltonii, 10 
Hartwegianum, 15 
Heeschi, 23 
helveticum, 37 
heterocarpon, 16 
heteroclitum, 13 
heterophyllum, 26 
Hippuris, 18 
hispidum, 38 


- Hookeri, 18 


Hupeanum, 23 
hygrometricum, 88 
imbricatum, 87, 108 
inequalifolium, 91 
inflecum, 26 
insulare, 15 
integerrimum, 66 
intermedium, 11, 14, 77 
inundatum, 18 
tnvolvens, 87 
Jamesoni, 9 


javanicum, 12 
jungermannioides, 53 
juniperifolium, 25 _ 
Jussiai, 29 * 
Kraussianum, 65 


INDEX. 


LycoPpoDIUuM 


levigatum, 93, 100 
laterale, 28 
latifolium, 98 
laxum, 17 
lepidophyllum, 88 
Lessonianum, 29 
lindseaceum, 29 
Lindeni, 15 
linifolium, 16 
longifolium, 21 
longipes, 19 
Loureiri, 28 
lucidulum, 11 
Macrei, 118 
macrostachys, 22 
magellanicum, 24 
mandioccanum, 16 


— marginatum, 53, 61, 63 


marianum, 23 
Martii, 21. 
Matthewsti, 12 
megastachyum, 23 
membranaceum, 100 
Menziesti, 97 
microphyllum, 41 
microstachyum, 83, 98 
mimosoides, 90 
miniatosporum, 115 
miniatum, 11 
mirabile, 32 
mnioides, 64 
mollicomum, 14 
Moritzti, 23 
musciforme, 34 
myosuroides, 118 
Myosurus, 84 
myrtuosum, 12 
myrsinites, 13 
myrtifolium, 21 
nemorum, 91 
Nettoanum, 18 
nikoense, 27 
nilagiricum, 14 
nitens, 16 
nitidum, 46 
nove-hollandia, 86 
nudum, 30 
nummularifolium, 20 
nutans, 23 
obscurum, 24 
obtusifolium, 20 
obtusifolium, 10 
obtusum, 38 
ophioglossoides, 21 
ornatum, 113 
ornithopodioides, 38, 66, 
85 


ovalifolium, 47 
pachyphyllum, 20 
pachystachyon, 22 
pallescens, 89 
pallidum, 50 


Lycorop1IuM 


paniculatum, 27 
paradoxum, 28 
Parkeri, 104 
passerinoides, 16, 17 
pastoensis, 21 
patulum, 46, 70 
Pearcei, 14 
Pecten, 13 
pectinatum, 52, 100 
pellucidum, 93 
pendulum, 17, 23 
pennatum, 83 
penniforme, 98 
Pennula, 95 
Phlegmaria, 22 
phlegmarioides, 20 
phylicefolium, 21 
phyllanthum, 22 
phyllocarpon, 22 
pichinchense, 26 
pictum, 89 
piliferum, 26 
pinifolium, 21 
pinifolium, 17 
pithyotdes, 16 
planum, 91 
plumosum, 48, 54, 63,104 
Poeppigianum, 61, 62 
polytrichoides, 16 
porelloides, 85 
pralongum, 50 
proliferum, 18 
pronifiorum, 108 
protensum, 18 
pubescens, 98 
pulvinatum, 87- 
pumilio, 114 
pumilum, 35 
pusillum, 38, 84 
pygmeum, 85 
quadrangulare, 13 
quadrifarium, 13 
radiatum, 53, 86 
radicans, 37 
radicatum, 50 
radiculosum, 62 
ramulosum, 25 
reflexum, 11 
reflecum, 11 
remotifolium, 108 
repens, 28 
reticulatum, 108 
reversum, 9, 11 
revolutum, 88 
rigidum, 12 
rigidum, 11 
robustum, 23 
rotundifolium, 20 
Roxburghii, 50 
rubellum, 24 
rubrum, 9 
rufescens, 10 


156 


LycoropDIuM 


rupestre, 25 
ruscifolium, 22 — 
sabinefolium, 27 
sanguinolentum, 35 
Sanguisorba, 7 
sarcocaulon, 28 
sargassifolium, 12 
sarmentosum, 15 
saururoides, 9 
Saururus, 10° 
scandens, 93 
scariosum, 29 
scariosum, 36 
secundum, 23 
Seemanni, 20 
selaginoides, 34 
Selago, 9 
semicordatum, 48 
sericeum, 26 
serpens, 46 
serpentinum, 19 
serpyllifolium, 13 
serratum, 12 
serrulatum, 52 
setaceum, 14 
setaceum, 14 
Sieberianum, 12 
Sieboldi, 13 
sikkimense, 23 
sinuosum, 52 
sparsifolium, 52 
spectabile, 29 
Sprucei, 24 
spurium, 26 
squarrosum, 18 
squarrosum, 12 
stipulatum, 90 
stoloniferum, 57, 61, 81 
strictum, 17 
struthioloides, 17, 35 
subdiaphanum, 117 
suberectum, 9 
subulatum, 21 
subulifoliwm, 14 
sulcatum, 63 
sulcinervium, 12 
tamariscinum, 88 
taxifolium, 16 
tenerum, 118 
tenue, 14 
tereticaulon, 100 
tetragonostachyum, 50 
tetragonum, 13 
thyoides, 28 
Trencilla, 15% 
trichiatum, 26 
tuberosum, 28 
ulicifolium, 18 
uliginosum, 34 
umbrosum, 38 
uncinatum, 48. 
varium, 21 


INDEX. 


_ Lycoropium 


venustulum, 26 
vernicosum, 10 
verticillatum, 14 
vestitum, 26 
viridulum, 38 
volubile, 29 
Vrieseanum, 20 
vulcanicum, 23 
Wallichii, 90 
Wightianum, 28 
Wildenovii, 93 
xiphophyllum, 12 
yemense, 73 
Manrsivea 
segyptiaca, 145 
egyptiaca, 140 
ancylopoda, 146 
angustifolia, 141 
Berteroi, 146 
biloba, 144” 
brachycarpa, 140 * 
brachypus, 140 
brasiliensis, 139 
brevipes, 143 
Brownii, 140 
Burchellii, 144 
capensis, 144 
concinna, 144 
condensata, 145 
cornuta, 141 
coromandelica, 147 
coromandeliana, 147 
crenata, 141 
crenulata, 141 
deflexa, 140 
dentata, 140 
diffusa, 141 
distorta, 147 
Dregeana, 144 
Drummondii, 146 
elata, 146 
Ernesti, 143 
erosa, 140 
exarata, 143 
Fabri, 142 
Jjiliformis 144 
fimbriata, 142 
gibba, 145 
glomerata, 144 
gracilenta, 141 
gymnocarpa, 145 
hirsuta, 142 
macrocarpa, 144 
macropus, 140 
mexicana, 143 
mexicana, 139 
microcarpa, 141 
microphylla, 147 
minuta, 140 
minuta, 144, 147 
mucronata, 143 
Muelleri, 146 


MARSILEA 
muscoides, 147 
mutica, 146 m7 
natans, 135 
nubica, 142 
picta,139 
polycarpa, 139 
pubescens, 142 
pumila, 144 
pusilla, 144 
quadrata, 146 
quadrifolia, 140 
quarifoliata, 139 
rotundata, 144 
salvatria, 146 
senegalensis, 141 
stratiotes, 139 
striata, 140, 143 
strigosa, 142 
subangulata, 139 
subterranea, 145 


tenuifolia, 141 - 


trichopoda, 147 
. uncinata, 143 
vestita, 143 
villosa, 143 
_ villosa, 144 
vulgaris, 141 
Wightii, 140 
Zollingeri, 140 
PHYLLOGLOSSUM 
Drummondii, 7 
PILULARIA 
americana, 148 
globulifera, 149 
mandoni, 149 
minuta, 148 
nove-hollandiz, 148 
nove-zelandiz, 148 
valdiviana, 148 
Pstnotum 
capillare, 30 
complanatum, 30 
dichotomum, 30 
Jlaccidum, 30 
Jloridanum, 30 
nudum, 30 
triquetrum, 30 
Zollingeri, 30 
SALVINIA 
adnata, 137 
auriculata, 136 
biloba, 136 
cucullata, 136 — 
europea, 135 
hastata, 135 
Hildebrandtii, 155 
hispida, 136 
imbricata, 138 
levigata, 137 
minima, 136 
mollis, 135 
natans, 135 


SALVINIA 
nigropunctata, 135 
nymphellula, 136 
oblongifolia, 135 
Olfersiana, 136 
Radula, 136 
rotundifolia, 136 
Sprengelii, 135 
Sprucei, 136 
verticillata, 135 
vulgaris, 135 

SELAGINELLA 
abyssinica, 84 
acanthostachys, 44 
acutangula, 75 
adunca, 73 
affinis, 63 
affinis, 87 
africana, 100 
aggesta, 37 
albidula, 71 
albospica, 123 
albonitens, 72 
alopecuroides, 77 
alutacea, 110 
amona, 94 _ 
amazonica, 103 
amazonum, 103 
ambigua, 121 
amboinensis, 90 
amphirhizos, 51 
anceps, 104 
aneitense, 92 
anisotis, 82 
anocardia, 70 
anomala, 122 
applanata, 53 
apus, 71 
apus, 70 
arabica, 38 
arbuscula, 94 
arenaria, 40 
argentea, 95 
aristata, 67, 118 
armata, 69 
articulata, 82 
asperula, 105 
assurgens, 78 
atroviridis, 77 
atroviridis, 90 
aureola, 116 
auriculata, 48 
australiensis, 49 
azorica, 50 
bahiensis, 79 
Bakeriana, 49 
Balfourii, 39 
barbata, 74 
barbata, 74 
Barklyi, 38 
Beccariana, 106 
Belangeri, 108 
bella, 57 


INDEX. 


SELAGINELLA 
bellula, 91, 94 
Beyrichii, 70 
biformis, 50, 52 
binervis, 71 
bisulcata, 107 
Blumei, 77 
bombycina, 80 
boninensis, 111 
borealis, 73 
brachypoda, 95 
brachystachya, 113 
Brackenridgei, 111 
brasiliensis, 73 
Braunii, 96 
brevicaulis, 41 
brevifolia, 41 
‘brevipes, 45 
brevipes, 96 
Breynii, 54 
breynioides, 97 
brisbanensis, 49 
Browniti, 65 
bryopteris, 87 
bulbifera, 86 — 
Burbidgei, 106 — 
cespitosa, 36 
calcarata, 104 
californica, 80 
calosticha, 55 
camptostachys, 75 
campylotis, 54 
canaliculata, 91 
canaliculata, 90 
canescens, 62 
caribensis, 68 
cataphracta, 100 
cathedrifolia, 40 
caudata, 91 
caudorhiza, 59 
caulescens, 94 
cavifolia, 43 
chilensis, 92 
chrysocaulos, 117 
chrysoleuca, 81 
chrysorhizos, 117 
ciliaris, 105 
ciliaris, 109, 111 
ciliata, 86 
ciliauricula, 64 
circinalis, 87 
cirrhipes 64 
cladorhizans, 72 
cladostachya, 43 
coarctata, 101 
cochleata, 76 
cognata, 90, 
Commersoniana, 49 
concinna, 52 
concinna, 49 
conduplicata, 105 
conferta, 72 
conferta, 91 | 


157 


SELAGINELLA 


confusa, 85 
consimilis, 112 
contigua, 79 
convoluta, 88 
Cooperi, 68 
cordata, 112 
cordifolia, 112 
crassicaulis, 83 
crassinervia, 70 
crassipes, 117 
cruenta, 63 
cryptogea, 44 
Cumingiana, 77 
Cumingiana, 83 
Cunninghami, 69 
cupressina, 52 
cuspidata, 89 
cyatheoides, 90 
Dalzellii, 116 
debile, 118 
decrescens, 85 
deflexa, 34 
delicatissima, 42 
deliquescens, 100 
deltoides, 72 
dendricola, 70 
densifolia, 55 
densifolia, 89 
denticulata, 37 
denticulata, 51, 66 
denudata, 55 
depressa, 50 
didymostachya, 55 
diffusa, 64 
digitata, 87 
dimorpha, 102 
distorta, 61 
Douglasii, 47 
Durvillei, 91 
echinata, 40 
elongata, 105 
epirhizos, 81 
erectifolia, 75 
ericoides, 57 
erythropus, 103 
erythropus, 63 
eublepharis, 100 
euryclada, 105 
eurynota, 64 
exaltata, 93 
excurrens, 60 
exigua, 66 
expansa, 70 
falcata, 100 
faucium, 58 
Fendleri, 59 | 
ferruminata, 105 
Jilicina, 103 
Jimbriata, 47 113 
firmula, 99 
fissidentoides, 51 
flabellata, 98 | 


eal 
yin J 
‘e wie : 
158 INDEX. : + 
SELAGINELLA SELAGINELLA SELAGINELLA 
~~ flabellata, 104  levigata,100 mutabilis, 46 
flaccida, 83 2 levigata, 93 myosuroides, 95, 108, 118 
flaccida, 80 latifolia, 98 nana, 115 
flagellata, 73» =» “Jaxa, 118 . neocaledonica, 74 
flagellifera 50m # lepidophylla, 88” _ nicaraguensis, 58 
flexuosa, 57 leptobleph , 102 + nipponica, 66 
fragilis, 104 — _ leptophylla,109 yg. nitens, 99 E 
fruticulosa, 100 leptostachya, 122 nodosa, 104 : 
fulerata, 97 Liebmanni, 47 —nove-hollandia, 86 _ = 
Galeottei, 81 Lindbergii, 42 ~ | nudicaulis, 108 
Gardneri, 57 Lindenii, 42 ; oaxacana, 103 3 
Gaudichaudiana, 90 Lindigii, 65 obesa, 97 
geminata, 57 lingulata, 64 obtusa, 38 4 
geniculata, 105 Lobbii, 90 oligoclada, 78 
Glaziovii, 63 - longicuspis, 54 Orbigniana, 89 
glauca, 116 longissima, 60 oregana, Mt: 
gorvalensis, 107 lucidinervia, 104 ornata, 11 
Goudotana, 51 Ludoviciana, 70 ornithopo ioides, 38 
gracilis, 90 Lyallii, 100 Ottonis, 111 — 
srandis, 98 | Lychnuchus, 121 ovalis, 48 a 
Griffithii, 96 a Lytnucs 1. ovifolia, 68 2 
guatemalensis, 56 Macgillivrayi, 74. pallescens, 89 
guyanensis, macilenta, 68 © paltida, 50 
hematodes, 102 me oe 67 pallidissima, 106 
Haenkeana, 102 ~~ macroclada, 61 . urensis, 43 
Hartwegiana, 102 macrophylla, 64 rkeri, 134 *< 
Harveyi, 109 macrostachya, 57 patula, 46 
helvetica, 37 macroura, 123 Pearcei, 75 G 
heterostachys, 110 madagascariensis, 120 pectinata, 100 
Hildebranatii, 120 Mannii 114 pedata, 104 
Homalix, 53 marginata, 61 pelagica, 116 
Hookeri, 92 Mariesii, 36 peltata, 94 
hordeiformis, 99 Martensii, 80 pennata, 83 
Hornei, 115 Martensii, 62 Pennula, 95 
hortensis, 65 megaphylla, 113 pentagona, 96 
Humboldtiana, 63 megastachya, 91 perelegans, 91 
hygrometrica, 88 »  Melleri, 120 perpusilla, 119 
hypnoides, 117 membranacea, 100 Pervillei, 100 
imbricata, 87 Menziesii, 97 phanotricha, 109 
imbricata, 108 merguina, 83 philippina, 83 
implexa, 96 Mettenii, 60 | picta, 89 
inequifolia, 91 microclada, 76 pilifera, 88 5 
incana, 89 microdendron, 100 pinangensis, 67 "= 
increscentifolia, 86 microphylla, 41 plagiochila, 53 
incurvata, 46 microtus, 64 platybasis, 54 
intacta, 60 - miniatospora, 115 platyphylla, 121 
integerrima, 66 minima, 84 platyphylla, 98 
intermedia, 77 minutifolia, 114 Plumea, 76 
intertexta, 107 minutifolia, 94 plumosa, 50 
involvens, 87 Mittenii, 89 plumosa, 48 
Jacquemontii, 73 mnioides, 64 Poeppigiana, 62 
jamaicensis, 46 nnioides, 65 Poeppigiana, 62, 63, 80 
Jamesoni, 42 molliceps, 120 polycephala, 57 
japonica, 65, 95 mollis, 85 polysperma, 70 
jungermannioides, 53 mollis, 72 porelloides, 85 
Junghuhniana, 109 - monospora, 50 porphyrospora, 69 
Kalbreyeri, 77 mongholica, 37 portoricensis, 86 
Karsteniana, 122 Moritziana, 69 Poulteri, 84 
Kirkii, 107 Moritziana, 71 Pouzolziana, 91 
Kraussiana, 65 7 Muelleri, 94 prelonga, 50 + 
Kunzeana, 62 — muricata, 91 prasina, 71 


Kurzii, 115 muscosa, 71 Preissiana, 34 


.S 
- ¥ 
= ~* 
Ss « : 


‘ INDEX. 159 
SELAGINELLA ~~ SELAGINELLA _  SELAGINELLA 
Presliana, 95 semicordata,48 = ~—ctereticaulis, 100 
Pringlei, 88 semicordata, 50, 83 _ tetragonostachya, 50 
producta, 56 | sericea, 82 thuyefolia, 41 
proniflora, 108 serpens, 46 a ey tomentosa, 105 
pteryphylla, 95 _ serpens, 42,47 — tortipila, 35 
puberula, 101 —. serrulata, 52 . trichobasis, 76 
pubescens, 96,97 sertata, 47 trifurcata, 43 
pulcherrima, 101 r setigera, 75 trinervia, 77 
pumila, 35 is setosa, 103 truncata, 53 
pumilis, 114 simplex, 121 tuberculata, 40 
pusilla, 38 sinensis, 91 uliginosa, 34 
pyrrhopus, 50 Solmsii, 56 uncinata, 48 
quadrangula, 95 somaliensis, 39 undulata, 98 
radiata, 86 spherophylla, 111 unilateralis, 120 
radiata, 53 spinosa, 34 . usta, 94 
radicans, 83 spinulosa, 65 vaginata, 36 
radicata, 50— spinulosa, 34 vaginata, 46 
ramosissima, 122 Spirillum, 47 valdepilosa, 40 
regularis, 78 Springti, 97 ~ Vanheurckiana, 104 
 remotifolia, 65 Sprucei, 81, 104 _ variabilis, 46 
sedate, 89, 108 rie oe 113  -yarians, 46 
revoluta, 46 Stauntoniana, 87 Veitchii, 87 
rhizophora, 73 oF elata, 104 _vernicosa, 78 
rhodospora, 69 stenophylla, 123 versico! r, 84 
rhodostachya, 112 stipulata, 90 vestiens, 43 
rigida, 63 F _ stolonifera, 61 verata, 81 
rigidula, 79 stolonifera, 50 Victoriz, 90 
rigidiuscula, 123 straminea, 58 virescens, 96 
rionegrensis, 101 suavis, 63 viridangula, 92 
rodriguesiana, 52 suavis, 62 viridula, 38 
roraimensis, 86 subarborescens, 105 viticulosa, 102 
Rossii, 37 subcaulescens, 79 vitensis, 110 
rotundifolia, 68 subcordata, 119 Vogelii, 100 
Roxburghit, 50 subdiaphana, 117 Wallichii, 90 
rubella, 81 suberecta, 74 Wattii, 109 
rubricaulis, 120 suberosa, 119 Warcewiczii, 86 
rngulosa, 50 subsegregata, 59 - Welwitschii 39 
rupestris, 35 subsplendens, 98 Whitmeei, 95 
saccharata, 47 substipitata, 58 Willdenovii, 93 
samoensis, 110 sulcata, 63 Wrayi, $13 
sandvicensis, 108 sulcangula, 89 xipholepis, 108 
sanguinolenta, 35 surculosa, 51 xiphophylla, 80 
sanguinolenta, 47 Swartzii, 41 yemensis, 73 
sarmentosa, 46, 71 sylvatica, 64 zeylanica, 111 
Savatieri, 66 tamariscina, 87 Zollingeriana, 114 
scandens, 93 tarapotensis, 44 TMESIPTERIS 
Schiedeana, 47 tectissima, 67 Billardieri, 30 
schizobasis, 58 tenera, 118 Forsteri, 30 
sechellarum, 52 tenerrima, 119 tannensis, 30 
Seemanni, 57 tenuifolia, 118 
selaginoides, 34 tenuissima, 41 
> 
. ‘ 


WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., PRINTERS, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C, 


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