(1 37 13. Head of Sebec Lake, Piscataquis Co. 2552-2677 No. 1828 was collected at camp 4, near Maxfield, and no. 201 1 at Rowland. New Yokk Botanical Garden. REVIEWS Keller and Brown's Flora of Philadelphia* This handbook, based chiefly upon data patiently gathered" during many years by the members of the Philadelphia Botanical Club and their friends, should provide a marked stimulus to further study of the flora of the district of which Philadelphia is the center. The species enumerated are not described, but a full system of keys permits fairly accurate determinations in the field without the use of a more cumbrous text-book, while in each case there is a reference to the page of Britton's Manual where a description may be found. Recent work upon Crataegus has compelled special treatment of this genus, and the key to the eighty-five species has been prepared by Mr. B. H. Smith. In general plan this volume resembles strikingly Porter's Flora of Pennsylvania, published about two years ago ; it includes within its scope, however, the plants of the southeastern portion only of Pennsylvania, and in addition those of northern Delaware and of the southern two-thirds of New Jersey. The two books are worthy models for future ones of their class. There is nothing relating to geographical distribution nor to ecological conditions within the region, but an omission of this kind causes no regret in the case of a work with such an artificial geographical limit and such a definite purpose as a field manual. The thin paper used is so transparent as to interfere with the clearness of the text. However, lightness and compactness are of importance in a flora intended for use in the field, and in this instance a book of 368 octavo pages has been reduced to half an inch in thickness and a pound in weight. Typographical errors seem to be fewer than might reasonably be expected. * Keller, Ida A., and Brown, Stewardson. Handbook of the Mora of Philadelphia and Vicinity. Pp. viii -(- 360. Philadelphia, 1905. (For sale by Stewardson Brown^ Acad, of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia. $2.00 net ; by mail, $2.10. ). Ti^ot) 38 By the appearance of this volume, the botanists of Philadel- phia are provided with a pocket companion for their journeys afieid more satisfactory than any available for other parts of our country. There is little room, apparently, for improvement in later editions, save in the insertion of newly acquired data and the addition oj" a good map of the region. John Hendley Barnhart. Lord Avebury's Notes on the Life History of Britisli Flowering Plants* This work is not intended to be in any sense a manual for the ■determination of the species inhabiting the British Isles, but in- stead, taking up the flora in Bentham's sequence and in general with his specific limitations, it furnishes descriptions of the vari- ous plants in such a way as to emphasize the points in their structure which bear most directly upon the peculiar problems presented by their life conditions. The spirit of the author is perhaps best indicated by the con- clusion to the introduction in which he says : " To many, indeed, systematic botany is the most interesting department of the science ; to others it is the entrance and outer court of the tem- ple ; and when we realise that for every shade of colour, for all the exquisite beauty of flowers, for the endless difference in the size, forms, and textures of leaves, for the shape and colour of fruits and seeds, there are, if we only knew them, good and suf- ficient reasons, nature seems endowed with new and vivid life, with enhanced claims on our love, wonder, and devotion." From this point of view a great mass of facts is presented dealing especially with such subjects as fertilization and seed dis- tribution but also including almost every line of inquiry con- nected with plant life. Although the flora dealt with is so limited in range, the book will be of interest and value alike to students and nature-lovers in every locality. This is especially true of the introduction, wherein a concise but comprehensive general discussion of its many problems supplies a most readable summary of the subject. * Avebury, Lord (John Lubbock). Notes on the Life History of British Flow- •ering Plants. 8vo. Pp. i-xxiii + 1-450. /. 1-352. London and New York, 1905. The Macmillan Co. HANDBOOK FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA AND VICINITY CONTAINING DATA RELATING TO THE PLANTS WITHIN THE FOLLOWING RADIUS; EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA, NORTH TO THE BLUE MOUNTAINS, AND WEST TO THE SUSQUEHANNA ; ALL OF NEW JERSEY EXCEPT THE NORTHERN COUNTIES ; AND NEW CASTLE COUNTY, DELAWARE WITH KEYS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES COMPILED BY IDA A, KELLER AND STEWARDSON BROWN L1«4^ARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PHILADELPHIA, PA. : PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 1905 K^i WiCKERSHAM PRESS Lancaster, Pa. The growing demand among those who desire to study the floi:«a of Philadelphia and vicinity, for a book of reference con- taining a list of plantB to be found within the districts accessible to the local collector, and such further information in regard to tbese, as a book of this kind should contain, suggested the ad- visability of collecting and arranging in a systematic form such data as were available for this purpose. The many valuable communications to the Philadelphia Botanical Club and the observations of its members and others, who have so industriously worked in this field, seemed to form an excellent basis for a work of this kind. The summarizing and arranging the results of the work done so far is here pre- sented in the form of a permanent record — a handbook for the Philadelphia botanist. The area reported upon is designated on the title-page, and is, in the main, the range prescribed for the work of the Philadel- phia Botanical Club. The counties included are the following: Pennstlvania. Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Chester, Lancaster, Berks, Lehigh, Northampton, Dauphin. New Jersey, Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, Salem, Cumberland, Cape May, Atlantic, Ocean, Monmouth, Mercer, Middlesex, Somerset, Hunterdon. Delaware. New Castle. HEW YOkit BOTANICAL QARDBM The arrangement adopted in Britbon's Manual has been fol- lowed. In connection with each species one at least, or per- haps more, conmion names are given, if such exist. In many cases a common name follows only the genus because the in- dividual species are not sufficiently well distinguished by the t^ laymen either on account of the fact that they are rare or oom- ^ (3) CD ^ -* I CQ FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. paratively new to science, or it may be, that the plants are too inconspicuous and the characters are not sufficiently well marked to attract the attention of tlie ordinary observer. Upon the common name follows a reference to the page in Britton's Manual upon which the species is described in detail. Next follow the data given by the different contributors and in each case the authority is mentioned. The key to the ab- breviations of names is found appended. A general statement in regard to haibitat and time of flower- ing is also made. When no data are added, the plant is considered to be of general distribution. All data from New Castle County have been furnished by Mr. Edward Tatnall, except where otherwise mentioned. The information in regard to Bucks County has been revised by Dr. C. D. Fretz, who has just completed a revised catalogue of that region. The data from Delaware County were revised by Mr. Ben- jamin H. Smith, who, for many years, has made a careful study of that county. Thanks are due to Miss Lillian Roseman, who assisted ma- terially in the arrangement of the information supplied. Contributors. Abbott, Millie. Brown, Stewardson. Carter, Joel J. Crawford, Joseph. Fretz, C. D. Fussell, Linnaeus. Githens, Thomas S. Harshberger, John W. Herbst, William. Heritage, Benjamin. Jahn, Albrecht. Jellett, Edwin C. Keller, Ida A. Krout, A. F. K, Leeds, Morris and Arthur. Lippincott, Charles. MacElwee, Alexander. Marot, Philip. Meehan, Thomas. Pennock, Aldrich. Address. Vineland, N. J. Germantown, Pa. Pleasant Grove, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Sellersville, Pa. Media, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Trexlertown, Pa. Mickleton, N. J. Philadelphia, Pa. Germantown, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Swedesboro, N. J. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Germantown, Pa. Lansdowne, Pa. Abbreviations Used. Ab. Br. Ca. Cr. Fr. Fu. Gi. Ha. Her. He. Ja. Je. Ke. Kr. Le. Li. Mac. Mar. Me. Pe. FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Contributors. Price, Ferris W. Rcdles, George. Saunders, C. F. Sehaeffer, Charlefi. Smith, Benjamin H. Smith, Uselma C. Stokes, Joseph. Stone, Witmer. Tatnall, Edward. Tenbrook, E. L. Trimble, William. Trimble, Samuel. Van Pelt, Samuel S. Ware, Cora S. Williams, Newlin. Williamson, Charles S. Address. Swarthmore, Pa. Germantown, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. ]\Ioo^esto^^^l, N. J. Philadelphia, Pa. Wilmington, Del. Philadelphia, Pa. Concord, Pa. Lima, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Abbreviations Used. Pr. Re. Sa. Sch. B. Sm. U. C. S. Sts. St. Ta. Te. W. Tr. S. Tr. VP. Wa. Ws. Wn. Herbarium of Philadelphia Botanical Club. Britton 's Catalogue of Plants of New Jersey. Flora Cestrica. Herbarium of Charles E. Smith. Porter's Flora of Pennsylvania. B. C. C. Fl. C. C. E. S. P. GENERAL KEY. SUBKINGDOM PTERIDOPHYTA. Plants producing no flowers and seeds but spores which de- velop into flat or irregular prothallia bearing the reproduc- tive organs. Spores of one Tcind only. _ PAGE Sporanges borne on back or margin of fronds, or in special spikes or panicles FILICALES 7 Sporanges borne beneath shield-shaped scales in a terminal spike; stems jointed, sheathed at nodes EQUISETALES 14 Sporanges solitary in the axils of the leaves. Lycopodiaceae in LYCOPODIALES 15 Spores of two Jcinds, large and small. Sporanges enclosed in sporocarps SALVINTALES 14 Sporanges in the axils of the leaves. Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae in LYCOPODIALES 17 SUBKINGDOM SPERMAPHYTA. Plants producing flowers, whose essential organs are stamens and pistils, the latter producing true seeds. 1. Ovules not enclosed in an ovary. Class I. GYMNOSPERMAE 18 2. Ovules enclosed in an ovary. Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE 20 Embryo with 1 Cotyledon; fibro-vascular bundles scattered through pith; leaves mostly parallel-veined flower parts usually in threes. Subclass I. MONOCOTYLEDONES 20 A. Flowers aggregated on a spadix; or plants minute, floating free, the flowers few or solitary on the margin or back of thallus. ARALES 88 B. Flowers not collected on a spadix. Floivers destitute of corolla-lilce perianth. Flowers in the axils of dry, chaffy scales; arranged in spikes or spikelets GRAMINALES 26 Flowers not in the axils of dry, chaffy scales; aquatic or marsh plants. Perianth represented by bristles or chaff-like scales; flow- ers monoecious, spicate or capitate; endosperm mealy or fleshy PANDANALES 20 Perianth none ; endosperm none or very little. NAIADALES 21 Flowers with corolla-like perianth. Flowers regular (except Commelina) ; the parts of the usually complete flowers mostly in 3 's or 6 's (except most Naiadales). Note.— Page refers to orders, except when in italics, leading then to genus. * After name of order indicates that this order properly belongs to the other series, e. g., Primulales are Gamopetalae but Glaux is an exception. ii GENEBAL KEY. Endosperm none or very little ; aquatic or marsh herbs, j NAIADALES 21 j Endosperm fleshy or horny; ovary superior or inferior. ! " LILTALES 9-3 Endosperm mealy ; ovary superior X YRIDALES 90 ; Flowers irregular ORCHIDALES 107 Embryo normally with 2 Cotyledons; stem with fibro-vascular bun- dles in rings; mostly net-veined, flower parts not in threes. Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES H* Petals distinct to the base or wanting. Series 1. Choripetalae. PETALS NONE.. A. Flowers not in catkins. 1. Ovary and its cells containing many ovules. Ovary and pod inferior. Six-celled ; stamens 6-12 ARISTOLOCHIALES 127 Four-celled ; stamens 4 LuDWiGiA IN MYRTALES 232, One-celled, \Aath paiietal placentae. .Chrysosplenium in ROSALES 170 Ovary and pod wholly naked (no calyx) . . .PoDOSTEMON IN ROSALES 16S Ovary and pod superior. Five-celled and 5-beaked, opening across the beaks, which fall off at maturity; stamens 10 Penthorum in ROSALES 168 Three-celled and 3-valved, or 3-5-celled and circumscissile. AizoACEAE in CHENOPODIALES 132 Two-celled or 1-celled; placentae central. Stamens inserted on the throat or tube of the calyx. Lythraceae in MYRTALES 230 Stamens inserted on the receptacle or base of the calyx. Glaux in PRIMULALES* 252 One-celled, with one parietal pla- ^ centa or > RANUNCUiiACEAE in RANALES 143 Ovaries 2 or more, separate, simple. ) 2. Ovary or its cells containing 1 or 2, rarely 3 or 4, ovules. * Pistils more than one, and distinct or nearly so. Stamens inserted on the calyx; leaves with stipules. Sanguisorba in ROSALES 178 Stamens inserted on the receptacle. Leaves punctate with pellucid dots. Xanthoxylum in GERANIALES 209 j Leaves not dotted. ! Calyx present and usually petal-like. : ■■ ' Ranunculaceae in RANALES 143 (lalyx absent; flowers entirelv naked, perfect, spiked. PIPERALES 114 ^"^Pistil one, either simple or compound. Ovary wholly inferior. Aquatic herbs; ovary 3-4-celled. . Haloragidaceae in MYRTALES 230 Mostly woody plants; style or stigma one, entire, ovary 1-celled. Stigma running down one side of the style. Nyssa in UMBELLALES 244 Stigma terminal, with or without a. style SANTALALES 127 Ovary reaUy free from the calyx, but permanently invested by its tube, or the base of it, so as to seem inferior. GENEEAL KEY. iii Shrubs with scurfy leaves; flowers mostly dioecious. Elaeagnaceae in THYMELEALES 229 Herbs, with the calyx colored like a corolla. Leaves opposite, simple. Nyctaginaceae in CHENOPODIALES 132 Leaves alternate, pinnate Sanguisorba in EOSALES 178 Ovary plainly free from the calyx, which is sometimes wanting. Stipules sheathing the stem at the nodes. Trees, calyx none; flowers monoecious, in heads. Platanaceae in EOSALES 167 Herbs; calyx present and commonly petal-like. ' ' POLYGONALES 128 Stipules not sheathing the stem, or none. Aquatic herbs, submerged or nearly so. Leaves whorled and dissected; style single. Ceratophyllaceae in EANALES 143 Leaves opposite, entire; styles 2; ovary 4-celled. Haloragidaceae in MYETALES 230 Not aquatic herbs. Ovary lO-celled; berry 10-seeded. Phytolaccaceae in CHENOPODIALES 132 Ovary 3- (rarely 1-2) celled; juice usually milky. Euphorbiace.^e in GEEANIALES 20.5 Ovary 1-celled; juice not milky. Style, if any, and stigma only 1; leaves simple; no searious bracts around the flowers. . .UETICALES 124 Styles or stigmas 2 or 3 ; embryo coiled or curved. Stipules not searious; leaves palmately cleft or palmately compound. Cannabis and Humulus in UETICALES 126 Stipules searious or none . . . CHENOPODIALES 132 Shrubs or trees. Ovules, a pair in each cell of the ovary. Fruit 2-oelled, a double samara. Aceraceae in SAPINDALES 214 Fruit a 1-celled and 1-seeded samara or a drupe. Oleaceae in GENTIANALES 2.53 Ovules single, in each cell of the Three-9-celled ovary; leaves heath-like. Empetraceae in SAPINDALES 214 Three-celled ovary; leaves bread. Ehamnaceae in EHAMNALES 218 One-2-celled ovary; styles or stigmas 2-cleft. UETICALES 124 One-celled ovary; style and stigma single and entire. Anthers opening longitudinally. Thymeleaceae in THYMELEALES 22f» Anthers opening by uplifted valves. ' Lauraceae in EANALES 143 B. Floivers monoecious or dioecious, one or both sorts iii catkins. 1. Only one sort of flowers in catkins or catkin-like heads. Fertile flowers in a short catkin, head or strobile UETICALES 124 Fertile flowers single or clustered; sterile in slender catkins (except Fagus). Leaves pinnate; fertile flowers and fruit naked. .JUGLANDALES 118 Leaves simple; fertile flowers 1-3 in an involucre or cup. FAG ALES 119 2. Both sterile and fertile flowers in catkins or catkin-like heads. Ovary and pod 2-celled, many-seeded Liquidambar in EOSALES 171 iv GENERAL KEY. Ovarv and pod 1-eelled, many-seeded ; seeds furnished with a downy tnft at one end SALICALES 114 Ovary 1-2-f'elled, only one ovule in each cell; fruit 1-seeded. Parasitic on trees Loranthaceae in SANTALALES 127 Trees or shrubs, not parasitic. Calyx regular, in the fertile Mowers succulent in fruit. URTICALES 124 Calyx none, or rudimentary and scale-like. Fertile flowers 2 or 3 at each scale of the catkin. FAGALES 119 Fertile flowers single under each scale; nutlets naked, waxy-coated or drupe-like MYRICALES 118 PETALS PRESENT. A. Stamens numerous, at least more than 10, and more tJum tirice the sepals or lobes of the calyx. 1. Ovary superior, i. e., calyx entirely free and separate from the pistil or pistils. Pistils numerous but cohering over each other in a solid mass on an elongated receptacle Magnoliaceae in RANALES 143 Pistils numerous, separate, but concealed in a hollow receptacle. Leaves opposite, entire, no stipules. Calyoanthaceae in RANALES 143 Leaves alternate, with stipules Rosa in ROSALES 178 Pistils several, immersed in hollows of the upper surface of a large top-shaped receptacle Nelumbo in RANALES 14.5 Pistils more than one, separate, not enclosed in the receptacle. Stamens distinct, inserted on the calyx. .Rosaceae in ROSALES 167 Stamens inserted on the receptacle RANALES 143 Pistils several-lobed ; the ovaries united below the middle. Resedaceae in PAPAVERALES 154 Pistil one as to ovary; the styles or stigmas may be several. Leaves punctate with transparent dots. Hypericaceae in PARIETALES 222 Leaves not punctate with transparent dots. Ovary simple, 1-celled, 2-ovuled. .. .Drupaceae in ROSALES 167 Ovary simple, 1-celled, with 1 parietal many-ovuled placenta. RANALES 143 Ovary compound, 1-celled, with a central placenta. PORTULACACEAE IN CHENOPODIALES 132 Ovary compound, 1-celled, with 2 or more parietal placentse. Calyx deciduous PAPAVERALES 154 Calyx persistent, of 3-5 sepals. CiSTACEAE IN PARIETALES 222 Ovary compound, several-celled. Calyx valvate in the bud MAL VALES 220 Calyx imbricated in the bud, persistent. Shrubs, stamens on the base of the petals. Theaceae in PARIETALES 222 Aquatic or marsh herbs ; ovaries many. On 5 placentae in the axis. Sarraceniaceae IN SARRACENIALES 166 On the 8-30 partitions. Nymphaeaceae in RANALES 143 2. Ovary more or less i)iferior, i. e., calyx more or less coherent with the surface of the compound ovary. Ovary 8-30-celled; ovules many, on the partitions; aquatic. Nymphaeaceae in RANALES 143 GENERAL KEY. v Ovary 10-celled, cells 1-ovuled Amelanchier in ROSALES 180 Ovary 2-5-eelled. Leaves alternate, with stipules; or opposite, without stipules. ROSALES 167 Leaves alternate, without stipules. .Styracaceae in EBENALES* 252 Ovary 1-celled. with the ovules parietal OPUNTIALES 229 Ovary 1-celled, with the ovules rising from the base. Portulacaceae in CHENOPODIALES 132 B. Stamens of the sutne number as the petals and opposite them. Pistils 3-6, separate ; flowers dioecious, woody vines. Menispermaceae in RANALES 143 Pistil only one. Ovary 1-celled ; anthers opening by uplifted valves. Berberidaceae in RANALES 143 Ovary 1-celled ; anthers not opening by uplifted valves. Style and stigma 1 ; ovules more than 1. Primulaceae in PRIMULALES* 250 Stvle 1; stigmas 3; sepals 2; ovules several. Portulacaceae in CHENOPODIALES 132 Style twice or thrice forked; flowers monoecious. Crotonopsis in GERANIALES Sll Styles 5; ovule and seed only 1. Plumbagixaceae in PRTMULALES* 250 Ovary 2-4-celled RHAMNALES 218 C Stamens not more than tivice as many as the petals, when just of the same number, then alternate icith them. 1. Calyx free from the ovary, i. e., ovary wholly superior. '*Ovaries 2 or more, separate. Stamens unitetl with each other and with a large, thick stigma common to the 2 ovaries Asclepiadaceae in GENTIANALES 253 Stamens unconnected, on the receptacle, free from the calyx. Leaves punctate with pellucid dots. .Rutaceae in GERANIALES 205 Leaves not pellucid-punctate. Trees, with pinnate leaves. .. .Ailanthus in GERANIALES S09 Low shrub, with pinnate leaves or herbs, not fleshy. Raxunculaceae in RANALES 143 Herbs, with thick, fleshy leaves . . Crassulaceae in ROSALES 167 Stamens unconnected, inserted on the calyx ROSALES 167 **Ovaries 2-5, somewhat united at base, separate above. The carpels fewer than the petals Saxifragaceae in ROSALES 167 ***Ovar\es or lobes of ovary S-5, with a common style. Geraniaceae in GERANIALES 205 ^*** Ovary only 1, and Simple, with one parietal placenta Papilionaceae in BOS ALES 167 Compound, as shown by the number of cells, placentae, styles and stigmaa. Ovary 1-celled. Corolla irregular ; petals 4 ; stamens 6. Papaveraceae in PAPAVERALES 154 Corolla irregular; petals and stamens 5. Violaceae in PARIETALES 222 Corolla regular or nearly so. Ovule solitary; shrubs or trees; stigmas 3. Anacardiaceae in SAPIN dales 214 vi GENERAL KEY. Ovules more than 1, in center or bottom of cell. Petals not inserted on the calyx. Caryophyllaceae in CHENOPODIALES 132 Petals inserted on the throat of a bell-shaped or tubular calyx Lythraceae in M YRTALES 230 Ovules several or many, on 2 or more parietal placentae. Leaves punctate with pellucid and dark dots. Hypericaceae in PARIETALES 222 Leaves beset with reddish, gland-tipped bristles. Droseraceae in SARRAOENIALES 166 Leaves neither punctate nor bristly-glandular. Sepals 5, very unequal, or only 3. CiSTACEAE in PARIETALES 222 Sepals and petals 5 ; stamens 5 or 10. Saxifragaceae in ROSALES 167 Ovary 2-several-celled. Flowers irregular. Anthers opening at the top. . Polygalaceae in GERANIALES 20.5 Anthers opening lengthwise. Stamens 12 ; petals 6 on the throat of a tubular inflated or gibbous calyx Parsonsia in MYRTALES 231 Stamens 5-8 or 10 ; petals hypogynous or nearly so. SAPINDALES 214 Flowers regular or nearly so. Stamens neither just as many nor twice as many as the petals. Triadelphous ; petals 5. .Hypericaceae in PARIETALES 222 Tetradynamous (or rarely only 2 or 4); petals 4; pun- gent herbs Cruciferae in PAPAVERALES 154 Distinct and fewer than the 4 petals. Oleaceae in GENTIANALES 253 Stamens just as many or twice as many as the petals. Ovules and seeds only 1 or 2 in each cell. Herbs GERANIALES 205 Shrubs or trees. Leaves 3-foliolate, pellucid-punctate. Ptelea in GERANIALES 209 Leaves simple, not punctate SAPINDALES 214 Ovules (and usually seeds) several or many in each cell. Stipules between the opposite and simple leaves. Elatinaceae in PARIETALES 222 Stipules between the opposite and compound leaves (caducous) Staphylea in SAPINDALES 217 Stipules none when the leaves are opposite. Stamens 10, monadelphous at base ; leaflets 3, inversely heart-shaped. OxALis in GERANIALES 207 Stamens distinct, free from calyx. Style 1, undivided. Ericaceae in ERICALES* 244 Styles 2-5, separate. C'aryophyt.laceae in CHENOPODIALES 132 Stamens distinct, inserted on the calyx. Styles 2 (or 3), or splitting into 2 in fruit. Saxifragaceae ii^r ROSALES 167 Style 1 ; pod in the calvx 1-celled. Lythraceae in MYRTALES 230 2. Calyx-tuhe adherent to the ovary, at least to its lower half. Tendril-bearing and often succulent herbs. Cucurbitaceae in CAMPANULALES* 305 Not tendril-bearing. GENERAL KEY. vii Ovules and seeds more than 1 in each cell. Ovary 1-celled. Herbs Saxifragaceae in ROSALES 167 Shrubs Grossulariaceae in ROSALES 167 Ovary 2-several-celled. Anthers opening by pores at the apex; style 1. Melastomaceae in MYRTALES 230 Anthers not opening by pores. Stamens on a flat disk which covers the ovary. Celastraceae in SAPINDALES 214 Stamens inserted on the calyx. Eight or 4 (rarely 5) ; style 1. Onagraceae in MYRTALES 230 Five or 10; styles 2-3, distinct. Saxifragaceae in ROSALES 167 Ovule and seed only 1 in each cell. Stamens 2-8 ; styles 1-4 ; herbs or aquatic plants . . MYRTALES 230 Perfect stamens 4; styles 2; shrub. Hamamelidaceae in ROSALES 167 Stamens 4 ; style and stigma 1 ; chiefly shrubs. Cornaceae in UMBELLALES 235 Stamens .5 ; flowers in umbels, or rarely in heads. UMBELLALES 235 Petals more or less united. Series 2. Gamopetalae. A. Stamens more numerous than the lobes of the corolla. Ovary 1-celled with 1 parietal placenta. . Papilionaceae in ROSALES* 167 Ovary 1-celled with 2 parietal placentae. Adlumia in PAPAVERALES* 166 Ovary 2-celled with a single ovule in each cell. Polygalaceae in GERANIALES* 205 Ovary 3 -many-celled. Stamens free or nearly free from the corolla; style single. ERICALES 244 Stamens free from the corolla; style 5. OxALis IN GERANIALES* S07 Stamens inserted on the base or tube of the corolla. Filaments monadelphous ; anthers 1-celled, kidney-shaped. Malvaceae in MALVALES* 220 Filaments 1-5-adelphous at base, anthers 2-celled. Calyx free from the ovary . . Theaceae in PARIETALES* 222 Calyx coherent with the ovary, or with its base. Styracaceae in EBENALES 252 Filaments wholly distinct; calyx free, persistent. Ebenaceae in EBENALES 252 Filaments in pairs at each sinus; anthers 1-celled. Caprifoliaceae in RUBIALES 298 B. Stamens {fertile ones) as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite them PRIMULALES 250 C. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them or fewer. 1. Ovary inferior. Tendril-bearing lierbs; anthers often united. CucuRBiTACEAE IN CAMPANULALES 305 Tendrils none. Stamens united by their anthers into a ring or tube. CAMPANULALES 305 Stamens separate, free from the corolla or nearly so, as many as its lobes; stipules none; juice usually milky. Campanulaceae IN CAMPANULALES 305 viii GENERAL KE¥. Stamens separate, inserted on the corolla. One-3, always fewer than the corolla-lobes. Valerianaceae in VALERIANALES 304 Four or 5 ; leaves opposite or whorled. Ovary 1-celled ; flowers in a dense involucrate head. DiPSACACEAE IN VALERIANALES 304 Ovary 2-5-celled „ RUBIALES 298 2. Ovary sujjerior. Corolla irregular ; stamens with anthers 4 and didynamous or only g. POLEMONIALES 262 Corolla somewhat irregular; stamens with anthers, 5. Stamens free from the corolla; anthers with their cells opening by a hole or chink at the top Azalea in ERICALBS 246 Stamens inserted on the corolla. Ovary deeply 4-lobed around the style. EcHiUM in POLEMONIALES 271 Ovary not lobed ; pod many-seeded. Filaments, or some of them, woolly. Verbascum in POLEMONIALES 286 Filaments not woolly. Hyoscyamus in POLEMONIALES 285 Corolla regular. A. Stamens as niaiiy as the lobes of the corolla. Ovaries 2, separate GENTIANALES 253 Ovary 1, but deeply 4-Iobed around the style POLEMONIALES 262 Ovary 1, not deeply lobed. One-celled, with ovules parietal or on 2 parietal placentae. Leaves (or in Menyanthes 3 leaflets) entire. Gentianaceae in GENTIANALES 253 Leaves toothed, lobed or pinnately compound. Hydrophyllaceae in POLEMONIALES 262 Two-lO-celled. Leafless j)arasitic twining plants. CuscuTA in POLEMONIALES 264 Leaves opposite, their bases or petioles connected by stipules or stipular line Loganiaceae in GENTIANALES 253 Leaves when opposite without stipules. Stamens free from corolla or nearly so ; style 1. Ericaceae in ERICALES 244 Stamens almost free from the corolla ; style none. Ilicaceae in SAPINDALES* 214 Stamens in the sinuses of the corolla; style 1. Diapensiaceae in ERICALES 244 Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla. Four; pod 2-celled, cireumscissile. Plantaginaceae in PLANTAGINALES 297 Four; ovary 2-4-celled, ovules solitary. Verbenaceae in POLEMONIALES 262 Five or rarely more POLEMONIALES 262 B. Stamens fewer than the lobes of the corolla. Stamens 4, didynamous POLEMONIALES 262 Stamens only 2 with anthers, ovary 4-lobed. Lycopus in POLEMONIALES 280 Stamens 2, rarely 3 ; ovary 2-celled. Herbs with the corolla rotate, or somewhat funnel-form, and slightly irregular Veronica in POLEMONIALES 290 Shrubs or trees, corolla perfectly regular. Oleaceae in GENTIANALES 253 Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA. Order I. PILIOALES. Vernation erect or inclined; sporanges in spikes or panicles, opening by a transverse slit. Fam. 1. Ophioglossaceae. Vernation coiled; sporanges reticulated, with annulus (rudimentary in Fam. 2). Sporanges opening vertically. Sporanges panicled, with rudimentary ring; marsh ferns. Fam. 2. Osmundaceae. Sporanges ovoid, in panicles or spikes, with a vertical ring. Fam. 3. Schizaeaceae. Sporanges opening transversely, provided with a vertical ring, borne in sori on the back or margin of the leaf. Fam. 4. Polypodiaceae. Family 1. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Pi esl. Adder's Tongue Family. Veins reticulate ; sporanges cohering in a distichous spike. 1. Ophioglossum. Veins free ; sporanges distinct, borne in spikes or panicles. 2. Botrychium. 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM L. Adder's Tongue. Leaves ovate to elliptic, large; basal veins 9-13 or more. 1. 0. vulgatum. Leaf lanceolate, small ; basal veins 5-7. 2. 0. arenarium. 1. Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Common Adder's Tongue. M. p. 2. Bogs and pastures. Sunmier. £wc^s— Woodbourue (Cr), Durham, Ruth (Fr.), Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Delaware— lHayeTfoTd (C. E. S.), N. W. part of the county, Dr. Geo. Smith (Pu.). Chester— (F.). Lancaster— Fulton Tyvp. (Pr.). Berks— Hamburg (Br.) (Cr.) (Ke.). Burlington — Medford (Br.), Brown Mills, Hanover (C). Salem — Riddleton, Middlesex, Woodbridge (C). New Castle — Brandywine, Tatnall; Dixons, Commons; Iron Hill, Canhy. 2, Ophioglossum arenarium E. G. Britton. M. p. 2. Sandy soil. Sum- mer. Cape May— Near Wild wood. 2. BOTRYCHIUM Sw. Moonwort. Bud for the following year enclosed in the base of the stem. Leaf rising above the middle of the stem, small plants maturing in early summer. 1. B. matricariaefolium. Leaf rising from little above rootstock. Vernation wholly straight; bud smooth; leaf entire or 2-6-lobeda (fare— Ridley Creek, T. C. Palmer (Fu.). Lancaster— York Furnace, Tucquan, Georgetown (P.). 2. AsPLENiUM EBENOiDES R. R. Scott. M. p. 11. Limestone. Summer. Montgomery— Yiast side Schuylkill (C. E. S.). Lancaster— York Fur- nace (Cr.). Lehigh— (P.). Northampton— Glendoa. (P.). 3. ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes. M, p. 11. Rocky open woods. Summer. 4. ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES L. M. p. 11. Shaded cliffs. Summer. 5. ASPLENIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Michx. M. p. 12. Rich woods. Autumn. Philadelphia — Manayunk (Gi.). Lancaster — Peach Bottom. Berks — Reading (P.). 6. ASPLENIUM RuTA-MURARiA L. M. p. 12. Limestone cliffs. Summer. Bucls — Riegelsville (Fr.). Montgomery — Conshohocken (C. E. S.). Chester— Brook's Mill (Fl. C). Lancaster— Millersville (Cr.). Lehigh — Helfrich's Springs (Kr.). Northampton— Haston, Porter (B. C). 7. ASPLENIUM MONTANUM Willd. M. p. 12. Rocks. Summer. Chester — Octoraro Creek (Le.) (St.). Lancaster — York Furnace, Tuc- quan (Ca.) (Sa.), Fites Eddy (St.). Le/w'^ft— Idlewild (Kr.). North- ampton— Easton (P.). 8. ASPLENIUM Bradleyi D. C. Eaton. M. p. 12. Rocks. Summer. Lancaster— Tucquan, near Muddy Run (Br.). 9. ASPLENIUM ACROSTICHOIDES Sw. M. p. 12. Rich woods. Summer. 10. ASPLENIUM EiLix-FOEMiNA (L.) Bernh. M. p. 12. In woods, thickets and along fences. Summer. 8. CAMPTOSORUS Link. 1. Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link. Walhing Fern. M. p. 13. Shaded rocks. Summer. Philadelphia,— 'Bj'berry, Mart. (B. C), above Manayunk (He.), Wissa- 12 FLOFiA OF PEILADELPEIA. hickon (Ee.) (Te.)j Shawniont (Sa.), Lafayette (Te.). Bucl's—Argua (Fr.) (Ja.), Zieglersville (Je.), Sumneytown (VP.), Neshaminy, Eush- land, Center Bridge (Ws.)- Moiitgomery—ljafajette (Wn.). Delaware — Eockdale, Glen Mills, Eidley Greek, Whiskey Eun (Fu.), Swarthmore (Pe.)j Columbine Eocks, Haverford, Mount Misery, Lenni (B. Sm.), Con- cord (W. Tr.), Chad's Ford (Wn,). C^esier— Valley Forge (Ke.), near Mortonville (St.). Lamcaster— York Furnace. Le/w^7i— Saegersville, P. A. Lantz (B. C), Coplay (Kr.). Northampton— AhoYe Easton, Porter (B. C). Mercer — Princeton (Te.). Sunterdon — Eosemont, Lambertville, Mil- ford (C). New Castle — Jessups, Mount Cuba, etc. 9, POLYSTICHUM Eoth. 1. PoLYSTiCHUM ACROSTiCHOiDES (Miolix.) Schott. Christmas Fern. M. p. 14. Eocky woods. Summer. 10. DEYOPTEEIS Adans. Shield Fern. Texture thin-membranous; veins simple or once forked; leaves pinnatifid. Lower pinute very much reduced. 1. D. Noveboracensis. Lower pinnae little smaller than the middle ones. Veins 1-2-forked; sori crowded, 10-12 to a segment. 2. D. Thelypteris. Veins simple; sori larger, distant 4-10 to a segment. 3. D. simulata. Texture firmer, sometimes subcoriaceous ; veins forking freely. Leaves 2-pinnatifid or 2-pinnate; segments not spinulose. Indusia large, thinnish, flat. Pinna3 widest at base. 4. D. cristata. Pinnae widest at middle. 5. D. Goldieana. Indusia convex, without marginal glands. 6. D. marginalis. Leaves 2-pinnate or 3-pinnatifid; segments spinulose-toothed. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, usually not narrowed below; scales of the stipe usually with dark centre. 7. Z>. spinulosa var. Leaves elongated-lanceolate, usually narrowed at the base; scales of stipe pale brown. 8. D. Boottii. 1, Dryopteris Noveboracensis (L.) A. Gray. M. p. 14. Moist woods. Summer. 2. Dryopteris Thelypteris (L.) A. Gray. M. p. 14. Marshes. Summer. 3. Dryopteris simulata Davenp. M. p. 15. Damp woods and shaded swamps. Chester— Fsioli (Cr.). 4, Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray. M. p. 15. Swamps and wet woods. Summer. 4a. Dryopteris cristata Clintoniana (D. C. Eaton) Underw. M. p. 15. Swampy woods. Summer. Philadelphia — Wynnewood (Ee.). Delaware — Swarthmore (St.), near Newtown Square (VP.). C/iester— Willistown Twp. (Pr.). Northampton —Bangor (Pr.). Camden— Little Timber Creek (C). Mercer— Trenton (C). New Castle — Near Mount Cuba, Commons. POLYPODIACEAE. 13 5. Dkvopteeis Goldieaxa (Hook.) A. Gray. M. p. 15. Rich woods. Smn- nier. Philadelphia— ^iassihickon Creek above Manayunk, Mart. (B. C), Pennypack (Re.). 5wcA's— Springfield (Fr.). Montgomery— {P.). Dela- ware—Bishop's Mills (Fu.), Concord (W. Tr.), Middletown (S. Tr.). Chester— (P.). BerAs— Reading (P.). Le/n^/Zi— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). N 01-thampt on— 'Easton (Ca.). New Castle— 'Brajady wine, Tatnall; Harvey, Commons and Tatnall. 6, Drvopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray. M. p. 15. Rocky woods. Sum- mer. 7a. Dryopteris spinulosa intermedia (Muhl.) Underw. M. p. 16. Woods. Summer. Pennsylvania — General. 7&. Dryopteris spinulosa dilatata (Hoffm.) Underw. M, p. 16. Woods. Summer. Pennsylvania— GQUQT^i. 8. Dryopteris Boottii (Tuckerm.) Underw. M. p. 16. Moist woods. Summer. Philadelphia— (P.). Montgomery— (P.). BerJcs—Heistev (P.). Neiv Castle — 2 miles S. W. of Wilmington, Commons. 11. PHEGOPTERIS Fee. Beech Fern. Leaves triangular, 2-pinnatifid; pinnae sessile, adnata to the winged rachia. Leaves longer than broad, usually dark green. 1. P. Phegopteris. Leaves as broad as long or broader, usually light green. 2. P. hexagonoptera. Leaves ternate, with the three divisions petioled; rachis wingless. 3. P. Dryopteris. 1. Phegopteris Phegopteris (L.) Underw. M. p. 16. Damp woods. Sum- mer. Philadelphia— GTSiY&r 'a Lane Station (C. E. S.). Lehigh— Lia-nTei Hill (Kr.). Northampton— Maston Creek (P.). 2. Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fee. M. p. 16. Open woods. Summer. 3. Phegopteris Dryopteris (L.) Fee. Oak Fern. M. p. 17. Moist woods and swamps. Summer. Philadelphia— GraveT 's Lane Station (C. E. S.). lfoni<70?ner^— Rock- ledge (Br.). IfeZaware — Wallingf ord (Ca.) (Pr.), Chester — (P.). Lancaster— Peach Bottom (Cr.) (Le.). A''ori/iam2->io?i— Glendon (P.). 12. FILIX Adans. Bladder Fern. Leaves broadest at base, long-tapering, bearing bulblets beneath. 1. F. bulb if era. Leaves scarcely broader at base, short-pointed; no bulblets. 2. F. frag ills. 1. FiLix bulbifera (L.) Underw. M. p. 17. Shaded ravines. Summer. BwcAs— Narrowsville, Point Pleasant (Ws.). Montgomery— Conaho- hocken, E. Durand {B. C). Chester— Goatesville (lie.) (St.). Lancaster — Conestoga (Cr.) (Gi.), Pequea Creek (Pr.). Le/iif/J'i— Hokendauqua Creek, Rockdale (Kr.). Northampton— 'Wind Gap (He.). 14 FLOSA OF FHILADELPHIA. 2, FlLix FRAGlLis (L.) UndcTW. M. p. 17. Shaded cliffs and rocky woods. Summer. General, but not in southern New Jersey except Burlington — Medford (Br.). 13. WOODSIA E. Br. Indusium minute or evanescent, flat, concealed beneath the sorus, its margin cleft into slender hair-like segments. 1. TV. Ilve7isis. Indusium distinct, at first enclosing the sporanges, splitting into jagged lobes. 2. W. obtusa. 1. WooDSiA Ilvensis (L.) E. Br. M. p. 18. Exposed rocks. Summer. Buds— Noekamixon. C/iesier— Black Eock (Fl. C). Lehigh— l^era's Mill, near Whitehall (Kr.). 2. WoODSiA OBTUSA (Spreng.) Torr. M. p. 18. Eocks. Summer. 14. DENNSTAEDTIA Bernh. 1, DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTiLOBULA (Michx.) Moore. M. p. 19. Open places. Summer. 15. MATTEUCCIA Todaro. 1. Matteuccia Stbuthiopteris (L.) Todaro. Ostrich Fern. M. p. 19. Alluvial soil. Summer. Philadelphia — Upper Wissahickon (Ee.). Bucks — Nockamixon. Lan- caster—York Furnace (Br.). Lehigh— Coplay (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). Dauphin— (P.). Burlington— Crosswick's Creek (C). Eunterdon—Bosemont, Bull's Island, Frenchtowm, Lambertville (C). 16. ONOCLEA L. 1. Onoclea sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern. M. p. 19. Moist soil. Summer, Order 2. SALVINIALES. Family 1. MARSILIACEAE R. Br. 1. MAESILIA L. 1. Marsilia quadrifolia L. M. p. 20. In water. Summer. Delatvare—Crum Lynn (Le.). Orders. EQUISETALES. Family 1. EQUISETACEAE Michx. Horsetail Family. 1. EQUISETUM L. Horsetail. Stems annual ; stomata scattered. Stems of two kinds, the fertile appearing in early spring before the sterile. Fertile stems simple, soon withering; sheaths of branches of sterile stems 4-toothed. 1. F. arvense. Fertile stems branched when old, only the apex withering. 2. E. sylvaticum. LTCOPODIALES. 15 Stems all alike; spores mature in summer; branches simple or none. Sheaths rather loose; branches usually long; stems bushy below, attenuate upwards. 3. E. littorale. Sheaths appressed; branches usually short. 4. E. fluviatile. Stems perennial, evergreen; spikes tipped with a rigid point; stomata in regular rows. Stems rough and tuberculate, prominently ridged. 5. E. hyemale. Stems not tuberculate; sheaths enlarged upwards. 6. E. laevigatum. 1. Equisetum arvense L. Common Horsetail. M. p. 22. Sandy soil. Early spring. 2. Equisetum sylvaticum L. M. p. 22. Wet, shady places. Spring. Philadelphia— Tioga. Station, Mart. (B. C), Gorgas Station (Je.). BwcAs— Nockamixon (Cr.), Quakertown (Le.), Morrisville (Ws.). Dela- ware—Kayer ford (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— GreentTee (Pr.). Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh— Salshnrg (Kr.), Lehigh Mountain, Dr. J. B. Brinton (U. C. S.). Northampton— (F.) . New Castle — On limestone debris, Hockessin. 3. Equisetum littorale Kuehl. M. p. 22. Sandy Eiver shores. Bucks — Point Pleasant (Fr.). Delaware — (P.). Northampton — Easton (P.). Lancaster and Dauphin— On the Susquehanna (P.). 4. Equisetum fluviatile L. M. p. 23. In shallow water. Summer. ^wcts— Nockamixon (He.), Penn Valley (Ja.). Delaware— Chester (B. Sm.). LeM^/i— Slatingdon (Kr.). Northampton— {F.). Camden— 'Kaighn's Point (Ja.). New Castle— Fort Penn (Pr.), Holly Oak, Canhy. 5. Equisetum hyemale L. Scouring Rush. M. p. 23. Wet places. Spring. £mcA:s— Nockamixon (He.) (Ke.), New Hope (Ws.). Delaware— ^aviSk (Sa.), Ridley Creek, near Media (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Walling- ford (Wn.). Chester— {F.). Lancaster— Far addse (St.). Lehigh— Co-p- lay (Kr.). Northampton — ^ethleheva. (Pr.). Burlington— 'Rirvaingham, Vincentown (C), Medford (Sts.). Glouces- ter—Westyille (He.) (Wn.). ^aiem— Woodstown (He.) (Li.). Cum- berland— Millville (Je.). Monmouth — Keyport (C). New Castle— 'NoxentoYfn, Canhy ; Kiemensi, Faulkland, Centerville, Commons; Harvey, Tatnall. 6. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. M. p. 23. Along streams and rivers in clay soil. Northampton — Easton (P.). Order 4. LYCOPODIALES. Spores all of one sort and size. Fam. 1. Lycopodiaceae. Spores of two sizes. Leaves scale-like, 4-many-rank6d, on branching stems. Fam. 2. Selaginellaceae. Leaves elongated, clustered on a corm-like trunk ; aquatic or mud plants. Fam. 3. Isoetaceae. Family 1. LYCOPODIACEAE Michx. Club-moss Family. 1. LYCOPODIUM L. Club-moss. Sporanges borne in the axils of leaves, which are similar to those of the stem. 16 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. Sporanges mostly wanting in the axils of the upper, mostly 8-ranked leaves. 1. L. lucidulum. Sporanges only in the axils of the upper leaves, forming terminal spikes; leaves many-ranked. Plant slender; leaves acute, soft, mostly entire. 2. L. inundatum. Plant stout; leaves narrow, spinulose-pointed, bristle-toothed be- low the middle. 3. L. alopecuroides. Sporanges borne in the axils of yellowish ovate or cordate scale-like leaves, which are very unlike those of the sterile stems. Stems leafy up to the base of the spike or nearly so. 4. L. dbscurum. Fertile branches with minute leaves so that the spikes appear long- peduncle d. Leaves imiform, many-ranked; stems terete. 5. L. clavatum. ') Leaves of 2 fomis, few-ranked; stems flattened. Sterile stems entirely creeping; spikes solitary. 6. L. Carolmianum. Sterile stems vidth fan-like ascending branches; spikes clus- tered. 7. L. complanatum. 1. Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. M. p. 24. Cold, damp woods. Summer, 2. Lycopodium inundatum L. M. p. 25. Sandy bogs. Summer. ^wcA-s— TuUytown (Fr.). DeZaware— Tinicum, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.). New Jersey — Common in the pine barrens. 2a. Lycopodium inundatum Bigelovii Tuckerra. M. p. 25. Low grounds, Delaware — Tinicum (P.). 3. Lycopodium alopecuroides L. M, p. 25. Pine-barren swamps. Sum- mer. ^Mcis— Tullytown (Fr.). Delatvare—Tinieum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), New Jersey — Common in the pine barrens. New Casiie— Thompsons, Ogletown, etc. 4. Lycopodium obscurum L. M. p. 25, Moist woods. Summer. Philadeli)hia — Wissahickon (VP.), Z)etat(;a?-e — Swarthmore (Ws.), Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton— (P.). Burlington— Moovestovfn, New Lisbon (C). Camden— Camden, Atco (C), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester— Swedeshovo (Li.). Salem— Woods- town (Wa.). Atlantic— Hammonton (C). Neiv Castle — Scarce. 5. Lycopodium clavatum L. M. p. 25. Woods. Summer. Buds— MiUord Twp., Moyer (P.). Montgomery— Kbxmdant at Jenk- intown (Ws.). Detoua^e— Lansdowne (Pe.), Valley of Darby Creek (B, Sm.), Tinicum (W. Tr.). Chester — {P.). Lancaster— {P.). Gloucester— M.\ck\eton (C), Cumberland — Millville (Je.). Neio CasiZe— Farnhurst. 6. Lycopodium Carolinianum L. M. p. 26. Wet pine barrens. Summer. New Jersey — Frequent. 7. Lycopodium complanatum L. Ground Pine. M. p. 26. Woods and thickets. Summer. ISOETACEAE. 17 Family 2. SELAGINELLACEAE Underw. 1. SELAGINELLA Beauv. Stem-leaves all alike, many-ranked. 1. S. rupestris. Stem-leaves of 2 kinds; 4-ranked, spreading in 2 planes. 2. S. apus^ 1. Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring. M. p. 26. Dry rocks. Summer. Philadelphia— Above Manayunk, Mart. (B. C). BwcAs— Nockamixon (Fr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— York Furnsice (B.e.) (Ke.). Berks— (P.). NorthamptoJi — 'Easton (P.). Hunterdon— MiUord (C). New Castle— Bockj Ridge, Point Lookout. 2. Selaginella apus (L.) Spring. M. p. 27. Low shady places. Summer. Family 3. ISOETACEAE Underw. Quillwort Family. 1. ISOETES L. Quillwort. Submerged or rarely emersed in very dry seasons; leaves quadrangular, without peripheral bast-bundles. Stomata wanting; macrospores crested. 1. /. lacustris. Stomata present; macrospores echinate. 2. I. echinospora var. Amphibious or submerged only in earlier stages; stomata always present on the quadrangular leaves. Peripheral bast-bundles wanting. 3. I. riparia. Peripheral bast-bundles present. Macrospores sparsely covered with irregular crests. 4. I. Dodgei. Macrospores with honeycomb-like reticulations. 5. 7. Engelvianni. 1. IsoETES LACUSTRIS L. M. p. 27. Ponds. Summer. Delaware— Darlo J (B. Sm.). 2a. IsOETES ECHINOSPORA Braunii (Durieu) Engelm. M. p. 28. Ponds. Autumn. Ocean — Toms River (C). 26. IsoETES ECHINOSPORA ROBUSTA Engelm. M. p. 28. Ponds. Autumn. Bucls—'Durha.m, Euth (Fr.) 3. IsoETES RIPARIA Engelm. M. p. 28. Gravelly shores. Summer. Fhiladelphia—Torres&ale (Wn.). BmcA's— Andalusia, Mart. (Fr.), Tul- lytown (Fr.). Deto ware— Tinicum (Fu.), banks of the Delaware (B. Sm.). Camden— Cooper's Point, Mart. (B. C). GioMcester- Delaware, oppo- site Chester (Le.), Timber Creek (Te.). New CasiZe- River shore, B. Soopes, Canhy, Commons. 4. IsoETES DoDGEi A. A. Eaton. M. p. 29. Mud flats. Summer. Buds— Point Pleasant, Dr. Geo. Best (Fr.). 5. IsoETES Engelmanni a. Br. M. p. 29. Shallow ponds and ditches. Autumn. Bucks— 'Sear Perkasie (Fr.), Riegelsville, E. A. Eau (Fr.). Lancaster — Smithville (Ca.). Camden — Camden (C). New Casi?e— Thompsons, Farnhurst, Ogletown. 18 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 5a. IsoETES Engelmanni valida Engelin. M. p. 29. Ponds and ditches. Autumn. Lancaster— Smithville (P.). 5b. IsoETES Engelmanni gracilis Engelm, M. p. 29. Ponds and ditches. Autumn. jBucA's— Sellersville (Fr.). De?au-are— Tinicum (P.). Subkingclom SPERMAPHYTA. Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. Order 1. FINALES. Pistillate flowers several, with carpellary scales; fruit a cone, either dry or berry-like. Fam. 1. Pittuceae. Pistillate flowers solitary, without carpellary scales; fruit drupaceous or baccate. Fam. 2. laxaceae. I^amilyl. PINACEAE Lindl. Pine Family. Conifers. Scales of the cone numerous; leaf -buds scaly. Cone-scales woody; leaves needle-shaped, 2-5 in a sheath. 1. Pinus. Cone-scales thin; leaves linear-filiform, solitary or clustered without sheaths. 2. Tsuga. Scales of the cone few (3-12) ; leaf-buds naked. Cone globose, its scales peltate. 3. Chamaecy parts. Fruit fleshy, berry-like, a modified cone. 4. Jwniperus. 1. PINUS L. Leaves 5 in a sheath ; cone-scales little thickened at the tip. 1. P. Strobus. Leaves 2-3 in a sheath ; cone-scales much thickened at the tip. Leaves some or all of them in 2 's. Cones conic, 3-7 cm. long, their scales tipped with prickles. Leaves stout, 3-6 cm. long. 2. P. Firginiana. Leaves slender, 7-13 cm. long. 3. P. echinata. Cones 8-12 cm. long, their scales tipped with very stout, short spines. 4. P. pungens. Leaves in 3 's (very rarely in 2 's or 4's). Leaves 1.5-2.5 dm. long; old sheaths 1-2.5 cm. long; cones oblong- conic. 5. P. Taeda. Leaves 7-13 cm. long; old sheaths 0.6-1.2 cm. long; cones ovoid, base flat. 6. P. rigida. 1. PiNUS Strobus L. White Pine. M. p. 31. In woods, frequently in cultivation. Early summer. Buclcs — Rock Hill (Fr.), Buckingham (Ws.). Montgomery — Shannon- ville (Cr.), Edge Hill (Re.), Schuylkill at Lafayette (Ws.). Delaware— Haverford (Le.), Concord (W. Tr.). C}iester—{V.). Lancaster — (P.). Lehigh — Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Camden — Berlin (C). Gloucester— y^oo&hvirj (C), Swedesboro (Li.). Monmo^dh — Pinebrook (C). Middlesex — Woodbridge (C). FIN ACE AE. 19 New Cosine— Faulkland, Commons. 2. PiNUS ViRGlNiANA Mill. New Jersey or Scrub Pine. M. p. 32. Sandy soil. Spring. Philadelphia— Byherry, Mart. (B. C), Wissahickon (Re.). Buds— Banks of the Delaware (Fr.) (Ws.), Narrowsville (Mac). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Lancaster— {P.). NorthamjAon—^P.). New Jersey — Common outside the pine barrens. New Casf/e— Peach's, Ogletown, etc. Fi-equent. 3. PiNUS ECHINATA Mill. Y cUow Pine. M. p. ^. Usually in dry or sandy soil. Spring. Mont^ojneri/— Shannonville (Cr.). De/ait-are— Radnor (Fu.), Chester (W. Tr.). Lancaster— Manhehw (Ca.). Burlington— M&d.io'cA (Br.), Quaker Bridge (He.), Brown Mills (Te.). Camden — Ancora (Gi.),Winslow (Re.). Giowcesfer— Mickleton, Swedes- boro (Li). Cumberland — Fairton, Bridgeton (C). Atlantic — May's Landing (Ha.), Hammonton (C). Ocean — New Egypt (C), Davenport (Mac). Middlesex— ^owih. Amboy (C). 4. PiNUS PUNGENS Michx. f. Table Mountain Pine. M. p. 32. Woods. Spring. Lancaster— Yor^ Furnace (Cr.), McCall's Ferry (Le.). £er*fc— Ham- burg (Cr.). Dauphin — Harrisburg (Me.). Hunterdon — Sergeantsville (C). 5. PiNus TAEDA L. Loblolly or Old-Field Fine. M. p. 32. Wet clay or dry sandy soil. Spring. Cape Mai/— Near Cape May. Neiv Castle— Blackbird Head, Commons. 6. PiNUS RIGIDA Mill. Fitch Pine. M. p. 33. Sandy or barren soil. Spring. Philadelphia— 'Wissahiakon (Re.). ^Mcfcs—Sellersville, Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware — Swarthmore (Ws.) Chester— (P.). Lancaster — (P.). Lehigh — Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— {P.). New Jersey — Common, mainly restricted to the pine barrens. Neiv Castle — Fernhook, Canby; Centerville, Commons. 2. TSUGA Carr. 1. TsuGA Canadensis (L.) Carr. HemlocJc. M. p. 34. Mostly hilly or rocky woods. Spring. Philadelphia — Wissahickon. 5mcA"s— Sellersville (Fr.), Narrowsville (Mac), Neshaminy (Ws.). Montgomery— Aho\eM.anayunk (Sa.). Dela- ware—Jjansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.) (Sa.) (Ws.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Valley of Cnim Creek (VP.), Concord (W. Tr.). Ches- ter— Near Laurel, Octoraro (St.). Lancaster — (P.). Lehigh — Rockdale (Kr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). Burlington — Burlington, Vincentown (C). Gloucester — Near Swedes- boro (Li.). Ocean— New Egypt (C). New Castle— Odessa, Greenbank, Commons; near Allapokas. 20 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. CHAMAECYPAEIS Spaeh. 1. Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B. S. p. White Cedar. M. p. 36. Cedar swamps. Spring. Bucks— Bristol (P.). New Jersey — Common in the pine barrens. New Cas^ie— Collins Beach. 4. JUNIPEEUS L. Leaves all subulate, prickly-pointed, verticillate ; aments axillary. 1. J. communis. Leaves of two kinds ; scale-like and subulate, mostly opposite ; aments ter- minal. 2. J. Virginiana. 1. JuxiPERus COMMUNIS L. Conwwn Juniper. M. p. 36. Dry sterile hills. Spring. 2. JuNiPEEus Virginiana L. Fied Cedar. Savin. M. p. 37. Dry hills. Spring. Taxodium distichum (L.) L. C. Rich. Bald Cypress. In cultivation. Spring. Sequoia gigantea Decaisne. Delaware — Roadside near Painter's Arboretum. Family 2. TAXACEAE Lindl. 1. TAXUS L. 1. Taxus Canadensis Marsh. American Yew, Ground Hemlocl-. M, p. 37. Moist banks and hills, especially under evergreens. Spring. 5wcis— Nockamixon (Fr.), Neshaminy, Doylestown (VP.), Upper Black's Eddy, Bedminster (Fr.). Montgomery — Areola (Cr.). Chester — Black Rock (P.), Phoenixville (Sa.). Le/ii^^i— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). NortJiampton—HokendavLqaB. (Kr.), Bethlehem (Me.). Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE. Subclass!. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Order 1. PANDANALES. Flowers in elongated spikes. Fam. 1. Typhaceae. Flowers globose. Fam. 2. Sparganiaceae. Family 1. TYPHACEAE J. St, Hil. Cat-tail Family. 1. TYPHA L. Cat- Tail. Spikes dark brown or black, the pistillate and staminate usually contiguous, the former without bractlets; stigmas spatulate or rhomboid; pollen 4- grained. 1. T. lati folia. Spikes light brown, the pistillate and staminate usually distant, the former with bractlets ; stigmas linear ; pollen in simple grains. 2. T. angustifolia. 1. Typha latifolia L. M. p. 39. In marshes. Summer. NAIADACEAE. 21 2. Typha angustifolia L. 'M. p. 39. lu marshes. Summer, Family 2. SPARGANIACEAE Agardli. Bur-reed Family. 1. SPARGANIUM L. Bur-Eeed. Fruit sessile. 1. S. eurycarpum. Fruit stalked. 2. S. androcladim. 1. Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. M. p. 39. Marshes and along streams. Summer, 2, Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong, M, p, 39, Bogs or shal- low water. Summer, Order 2, NAIADALES. Perianth, if present, inferior; carpels mostly distinct. Perianth-segments, when present, herbaceous. Carpels distinct ; aquatic herbs. Fam. 1. Naiadaceae. Carpels united until maturity; bog plants; flowers racemed or spiked. Fam. 2. Scheuchseriaceae. Perianth of two series of segments, the outer green; the inner mostly white. Fam. 3. Alismaceae. Perianth superior; carpels united, Fam. 4. Vallisneriaceae. Family 1. NAIADACEAE Lindl. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 4 distinct segments. 1. Potamogeton. Perianth none; flowers naked. 2. Buppia. Flowers monoecious or dia3cious. Leaves entire. Leaves 1-nerved, 2-8 cm, long, 0,5 mm, or less wide, 3, Zannicliellia. Leaves many-nerved, 0.3-1.6 m. long, 2-8 mm. wide. 5. Zostera. Leaves spiny-toothed on the margins. 4. Naias. 1, POTAMOGETON L, Pondweed, Stipules axillary and free from the leaf. "With floating and submerged leaves. Submerged leaves bladeless. Drupelets barely keeled; nutlets more or less pitted, 1. P. natans. Drupelets 3-keeled; nutlets not pitted, 2, P, Oalesianus. Submerged leaves with a proper blade. Submerged leaves of 2 kinds, lanceolate and oval or oblong. Uppermost leaves broadly oval or elliptic, lowest lanceo- late, 3. P. amplifolius. Uppermost leaves lanceolate and pellucid, lowest oblong and opaque. 4. P. pulcher. Submerged leaves all alike. Blades of the submerged leaves linear or nearly so throughout. Blades the same breadth throughout, obtusely pointed, coarsely cellular-reticulated in the middle. 5. P. Nuttallii. Blades dilated at base, acute, without cellular reticu- lation. 7. P. heterophyllus. Blades of the submerged leaves lanceolate. 6. P. lonchites. 22 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. With submerged leaves only. Without propagating buds and without glands. Leaves with broad blades, mostly lanceolate or ovate, many- nerved. 8. P. perfoliatus. Leaves with narrow blades, linear or oblong-linear, several- nerved. 12. P. foliosus. Leaves with narrow blades, capillary or setaceous, 1-nerved or nerveless. 9. P. confervoides. With propagating buds or glands, or both. With buds, but without glands. Leaves serrulate, 3-7-nerved. 10. P. crisjms. Leaves entire, with 3 principal and many fine nerves. 11. P. zosteraefolius. With both buds and glands. Glands large and translucent, buds rare. 13. P. obtusifolius. Glands small, often dull; buds common. 14. P. pusillus. Stipules adnate to the leaves or petioles. With both floating and submerged leaves. Submerged peduncles as long as the spikes, clavate, often recur^-ed. 15. P. diversifolius. Submerged spikes sessile or nearly so. 16. P. Spirillus. With submerged leaves only. Drupelets without keels or obscurely keeled. 17. P. pectinatiis. Drupelets strongly 3-keeled. 18. P. Eobbinsii. 1. POTAMOGETON NATANS L. M. p. 42. Ponds and streams. Summer. 2. POTAMOGETON Oakesianus Eobbins. M. p. 42. Still water. Summer. Burlington— Brown Mills (C). Atlmitic—Bstelville (C), Mill Pond 10 miles west of Atlantic City (He.). Oceon— Forked Eiver (Le.). 3. POTAMOGETON AMPLiFOLius Tuckenn. M. p. 43. Ponds and rivers. Summer. Philadelphia — Schuylkill above Philadelphia (Cr.). Buds — Hoot's Dam (Fr.). Delaware— Rifle Range (Cr.). Le7itc//i— Lehigh River (Kr.). Northampton— (P.) . Camden— In the Delaware (C). Gloucester— Big Timber Creek (He.). 4. POTAMOGETON PULCHER Tuckerm. M. p. 43. Ponds. Summer. JSmcA's— Bristol (Cr.). Lehigh— {P.). Northampton— {P.). Gioitcesier— Eepaupo (Li.) (Wn.). ^aZem— Elmer (C). Cape May— Wildwood (C). Atlantic— k.t\?int\Q.C\tj (C). Oceo?i — Toms River (C). New Castle— Col. Andrews, T at nail ; Newport, Commons; Shelpot Creek, Cedar Swamp, Commons. 5. POTAMOGETON NuTTALLii Cham. & Sch. M. p. 43. Ponds and streams. Summer. 6. POTAMOGETON LONCHITES Tuckerm. M. p. 43. Ponds and slow streams. Late summer. Philadelphia— Angora, C. A. Boice (Te.). Delaware— Tirn.cViVa. (B. Sm.). Lojicosier— Opposite Marietta (Le.), Safe Harbor (P.). North- ampfo?!— Easton (P.). Gloucester— Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle— C'herr J Island, Commons. 7. POTAMOGETON HETEROPHYLLUS Schreb. M. p. 44. Still or flowing water. Summer. NAIADACEAE. 23 8. PoTAMOGETON PERFOLiATUS L. M. p. 45. Ponds and streams. Summer. 9. PoTAMOGETON CONFEBVOIDES Eeichb. M. p. 45. Cold ponds. Summer.. Burlington — Atsion, Pleasant Mills (C), Brown Mills, Tuckertou (Te.). Camden — Atco (C). Gloucester — Malaga (C). Atlantic — Mill pond 10 miles west of Atlantic City (He.). Ocean— Forked River (Cr.) (He.). 10. POTAMOGETON CRISPUS L. M. p. 46. Flowing or stagnant, fresh or brackish water. Summer. Lancaster— Conestoga Creek (P.). N ortJiampt on— IjQh'igh River and Bushkill Creek (P.). Camden — In the Delaware (C). Hunterdon — In the Delaware (C). 11. PoTAMOGETON zosTERAEFOLius Schum. M. p. 46. Still or running water. Summer. Lancaster— Susquehanna River (P.). 12. POTAMOGETON FOLiosus Raf. M. p. 46. Ponds and streams. Summer. 5Mcts— Sellersville (Fr.). La/ic'asfer— Susquehanna, A. P. Garber (B. C), Paradise (St.). Salem — Salem, Woodstown (Li.). New Castle — Common. 13. POTAMOGETON OBTUSiFOLius Mert. & Koch. M. p. 46. still water. Summer. Lancaster— CP.). Northampton — 'Easton (P.). 14. POTAMOGETON PUSiLLUS L. M. p. 47. Ponds and slow streams. Sum- mer. 15. POTAMOGETON DiVERSiFOLius Raf. M. p. 48. Shallow or stagnant water. Summer. 16. POTAMOGETON Spibillus Tuckerm. M, p. 48. Ponds and ditches. Summer. Bucks— Bock Kill (Fr.). Detott-are— Haverford (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Lan- caster—Susquehanna (Cr.). Co Widen- Delaware River (C). GZotfcester- Westville (Li.). 17. POTAMOGETON PECTiNATus L. M. p. 49. Fresh, brackish, or salt water. Summer. La/icasier— Susquehanna (Cr.) (Le.) (Pr.), Peach Bottom (Pr.). Le/ii^jr/i- Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton— Black Horse Tavern (P.). DaM2>/itn— Steelton (Wn.). Ocean— Island Heights (Mac). Hunterdon— In the Delaware (C). 18. POTAMOGETON RoBBiNSii Oakes. M. p. 49. Ponds and slow streams. Summer, iancasier— Susquehanna River (P.). Northampton— 'Lehigh.'Rivev (P.). Atlantic— VlQ&sant Mills, E. Difenbaugh (B. C). New Castle— Canal, Delaware City, Commons. 2. RUPPIA L. Ditch-Grass. 1. RuPPiA MARiTiMA L. M. p. 50. Shallow bays along coast. Summer. 24 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. ZANNICHELLIA L. Horned Pondweed. 1. ZANNICHELLIA PALUSTRis L. M. p. 50. Fresh or brackish ponds. Sum- mer. Bucl:s—A-ada\i\sia,Mart. (Fr.). Delaware— Tinicum, T. C. Palmer (Fu.). Oceo?i— Forked Eiver (Cr.) (Ja.). New Castle— I'ort Penn, Brandywine Creek, East Channel. 4. NAIAS L. Naiad. 1. Naias tlexilis (Willd.) Kost. & Schmidt. M, p. 51. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. ^Mcfcs— Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster — Susquehanna opposite Marietta (Le.). North- amptonSajloT Lake, Wind Gap (He.). Camden— Delaware Eiver, Camden, Mart. (B. C). Gloucester— 'Re- paupo Meadows (He.), Big Timber Creek (Li.). New Castle— Common. 5. ZOSTERA L. 1. ZosTERA marina L. Grass-ivracl; , Eel-grass. M. p. 51. Shoal water of bays along coast. Summer. Family 2. SOHEUCHZERIAOEAE Agardh. Leaves all basal; flowers numerous, in a spike-like raceme. 1. Trigloclun. Stem leafy; flowers few in a loose raceme. 2. Scheuclizeria. 1. TRIGLOCHIN L. Arrow-Grass. 1. Triglochin maritima L. M. p. 52. Salt marshes. Summer. Ocean— Point Pleasant (Br.) (Ja.). 2. SCHEUCHZERIA L. 1. ScHEUCHZERiA PALUSTRIS L. M. p. 53. Bogs. Summer. BucTcs-Rook Hill (Cr.). Camden— Longacoming (C). Gloucester — Eepaupo. Family 3. ALISMACEAE DC. Water Plantain Family, Carpels in a ring upon a small, flat receptacle. 1. Alisma. Carpels crowded in many series upon a large convex receptacle. Flowers perfect, staminate or polygamous. 2. Lophotocarpus. Flowers monoecious or dicEcious. 3. Sagittaria. 1. ALISMA L. 1. Alisma Plantago-aquatica L. Water Plantain. M. p. 54. Shallow water and ditches. Summer. 2. LOPHOTOCARPUS T. Durand. 1. Lophotocarpus calycinus (Engelm.) J. G. Smith. M. p. 55. Swamps. Summer. New Cast Ze—Shelpot Creek, Delaware City, Augustine Pier. ALISMACEAE. 25 3. SAGITTARIA L. Arrow-Head. Fertile pedicels slender, aseeuding, not reflexed in fruit. Leaf -blades sagittate; filaments glabrous. Beak of the achene erect. Fruiting pedicels shorter than the bracts; leaves broad. 1. S. longkostra. Fruiting pedicels longer than the bracts; leaves narrow. 2. S. Engelmanniana. Beak of the achene horizontal or oblique. 3. S. latifoUa. Leaf -blades entire, or rarely hastate or cordate. Fruiting heads sessile or very nearly so. 4. S. rigida. Both staminate and pistillate flowers pedicelled. 5. S. graminea. Fertile pedicels stout, reflexed in fruit ; filaments dilated. 6. S. subulata. 1. Sagittakia longirostra (Micheli) J. G. Smith. M. p. 57. In swamps and along ponds. Summer. Delatcare — (P.) . Lancaster — (P.) . 2. Sagittaria Engelmanniana J. G. Smith. M. p. 57. Shallow water. Summer. PJuladelp]iia—4:6t'h and Spruce streets (Mac). BucJis—{P.). North- ampton— (P.). Biirlington— (Quaker Bridge, Brown Mills (C), east of Medford (St.). Gloucester— Westville (Li.). ^tZan tic— Pleasant Mills (C). Ocean- Toms River (Fu.). Monmouth— Sandy Hook (C). 3. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. M. p. 57. In water and wet places. Sum- mer. 3a. Sagittaria latifolia pubescens Muhl. M. p. 57. Shallow water. Summer. £i{cA"s— Sellersville (Fr.). C/iester- Mortonville (St.). Northampton — Seidersville (P.). 4. Sagittaria rigida Pursh. M. p. 58. Swamps or shallow water. Summer. Philadelphia — Bartram's Garden (Mac). Buds — Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Tinicum (Fr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — (P.). Dauphin — Harrisburg (P.). Camden — Camden, Mart. (B. C), Gloucester (Te.). Gloucester — West- ville (He.) (Li.) (Wn.). Hunterdon— Bull Island (C). New Castle—Scarce. 5. Sagittaria graminea Michx. M, p. 59. Mud or shallow water. Sum- mer. BmcA-s— Bristol (Mac.) (Te.). Delaware— Marcus Hook (Fu.). Series — (P.). Northampton — (P.). Camden— Camden, Mart. (B. C). Cape Ma?/- Cape May (Te.). Neio Castle— Delavf are City. 6. Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau. M. p. 59. Tidewater mud. Sum- mer. Philadelphia— Horresdale (Br.). Delaware- Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (P.). Caiw^e« — Shores of the Delaware (C), Fish House (Br.), Washington Park (VP.). Ifercer— Trenton (C). 26 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Family 6. VALLISNERIACEAE Dumort. Tape-grass Family. Stem branched ; leaves whorled or opposite. 1. Philotria. Aeauleseent; stolonif erous ; leaves grass-like, elongated. 2. Vallisneria. Stem stolonif ero\is ; leaves broad, rounded, cordate, petioled. 3. Limnohium. 1. PHILOTEIA Eaf. Water-aveed. Leaf-blades oblong, elliptic or ovate-oblong. 1. P. Canadensis. Leaf-blades narrowly linear. 2. P. angustifolia. 1. Philotria Canadensis (Michx.) Britton. M. p. 60. Slow streams and ponds. Summer. 2. Philotria angustifolia Muhl. In shallow water. Summer. BticTi's — Point Pleasant, Britton (P.). 2. VALLISNERIA L. 1. Vallisneria spiralis L. Tape-grass. Eel-grass. M. p. 60. In slow waters. Late summer. 3. LIMNOBIUM L. C. Eiehard. 1. LiMNOBiUM SPONGIA (Bosc.) L. C. Eiehard. Frog's-bit. M. p. 61. Stag- nant water. Summer. Monmouth — Swimming Eiver (C). Neiv Castle — Delaware City, Commons. Order 3. GRAMINALES. Leaves 2-ranked, sheaths without united margins. Fruit a caryopsis : culm mostly hollow. Fam. 1. Gramineae. Leaves 3-ranked, sheaths with united margins. Fruit an achene; culm solid. Fam. 2. Cyperaceae. Family 1. GRAMINEAE .Juss. Grass Family. A. Spikelets 1 or 2-fiowered; when 2-flowered the upper fertile, lower stam- inate; rachilla articulated below the scales or the subtending invo- lucre, and not extending beyond the floAvers. Spikelets not flattened laterally. Flowering scale and palet hyaline ; none of the scales spiny. Spikelets monoecious ; staminate and pistillate in the same panicle. I. Maydeae. Spikelets in pairs, perfect, or the pedicellate one staminate, empty, rudimentary, or wanting. II. Andropogoneae. Flowering scale and palet of the perfect flower coriaceous or char- taceous ; spikelets involucrate in Nos. 12 and 13 ; scales 3 or 4. III. Paniceae. Spikelets flattened laterally, 1-flowered; scales 2. IV. Oryzeae. B. Spikelets 1-many-flowered ; rachilla generally articulated above the two lower scales (below them in Nos. 28, 35, and 43) and frequently ex- tending beyond the flower in 1-flowered spikelets. Culms herbaceous. Spikelets upon pedicels in panicles, spike-like panicles or racemes, not in rows. Spikelets with but one perfect flower, which is terminal except in Nos. 31 and 32. GEAMINEAE. 27 Fifth scale enclosing a perfect flower ; palet 1-nerved. V. Phalarideae. Third scale enclosing a perfect flower; palet 2-nerved. VI. Agrostidcae. Spikelets with 2 or more perfect flowers (or one stamiuate in Nos. 35 and 40). Flowering scales generally shorter than the empty lower ones, usually with a bent awn on the back. VII. Aveneae. Flowering scales generally longer than the empty lower ones, unawned or with a straight awn from the apex. IX. Festuceae. Spikelets in two rows, forming a one-sided spike or raceme. VIII. Chlorideae. Spikelets in two opposite rows, forming an equilateral spike. X. Hordeae. (Julms woody, at least at the base; tall reeds. XL Bambuseae. Tribe I. MAYDEAE. Tribe II. ANDEOPOGONEAE. 1. Tripsacum. Spikelets alike, perfect. 2. Eriantlius. Spikelets not alike, the sessile perfect ; the pedicelled staminate empty or wanting. Inflorescence of spike-like silky racemes. 3. Andropogon. Inflorescence paniculate. Pedicelled spikelet present and usually staminate. 4. SorgMim. Pedicelled spikelet wanting. 5. Sorgliastrum. Tribe III. PANICEAE. Spikelets without subtending involucre of bristles or valves. Spikelets all alike. Spikelets arranged in one-sided racemes. Eacemes alternate or scattered, rarely in a terminal pair, or sometimes single and slender; in the latter case the spikelets broadly oval and obtuse. Spikelets of 3 scales. 6. Paspalum. Spikelets of 4 scales. Spikelets awnless, the scales glabrous. 9. Brachiaria. Spikelets with the second and third scales hispid on the nerves and usually long-awned. 10. Echinochloa. Eacemes long and slender, digitate or whorled, sometimes single or in pairs; spikelets lanceolate and acute. 8. Syntherisma. Spikelets arranged in a true panicle, either open or contracted. 11. Panicum. Spikelets of two kinds, one borne on terminal panicles, the other soli- tary on subterranean peduncles and maturing seed. 7. Amphicarpon. Spikelets subtended by an involucre consisting of : 1-many persistent bristles; spikelets in dense spikes or spike-like pani- cles, deciduous. 12. Chaetochloa. Two spine-bearing valves forming a bur enclosing the spikelets and de- ciduous with them. 13. Cenchnis. 28 FLOEA OF PHILADELPHIA. Tribe IV. ORYZEAE. Spikelets monoecious. 14. Zizania. Spikelets not monoecious. 15. Homalocenchrus. Tribe V. PHALARIDEAE. Third and fourth scales not awned; stamens 3. 16. Phalaris. awned upon the back; stamens 2. 17. Anthoxanthum. subtending staminate flowers with 3 stamens; fertile flowers with 2 stamens. 18. Savastana. Tribe VI. AGEOSTIDEAE. Flowering scale indurated at maturity, of firmer texture than the empty, and closely enveloping the grain. RachiUa not prolonged beyond the palet. Flowering scale with a three-branched awn; stamens mostly 3. 19. Aristida. Flowering scale with a simple awn. Flowering scale narrow; awn persistent. Awn tortuous or twisted, stout; callus evident. 20. Stipa. Awn straight, very slender; callus minute. 22. Muhlenhergia. Flowering scale broad; awn slender, straight, deciduous; cal- lus obtuse. 21. Oryzopsis. Eachilla with a pedicel-like extension beyond the palet; stamens 2. 23. Brachyelytrum. Flowering scales hyaline or membranous at maturity; empty scales coarser; grain loose. Spikelets in a dense spike-like panicle. (Some species of 27 may be looked for here.) Spikelets 6 mm. or less long. Spikelets readily deciduous at maturity. Empty scales not awned. 26. Alopecurus. Emj)ty scales awned. 28. Polypogoit. Spikelets not deciduous; empty scales persistent. Flowering scales slightly exceeding the empty ones. 24. Heleochloa. Flowering scales much shorter than the empty ones. 25. Phleum. Spikelets 10-12 mm. long; taU seashore grasses. 32. AmmopMla. Spikelets variously panicled; panicle not spike-like, except in a few species of No. 27. Seed loosely enclosed in a pericarp, which opens readily at matur- ity. 27. Sporobolus. Seed adherent to the pericarp. Palet one-nerved; stamen 1; flower plainly stalked; scales not hairy. 29. Cinna. Palet 2-nerved; stamens 3; flower not plainly stalked. Flowering scale bifid, with a delicate awn on its back; rachilla prolonged into a short bristle. 34. Apera. Flowering scale entire ; rachilla not prolonged into a bristle. Callus with a tuft of long hairs at the base (except in some species of No. 31). Rachilla extended beyond the palet. 31. Calamagrostis. Rachilla not extended beyond the palet. 33. Calamovilfa. Callus naked or with very short hairs. 30. Aarostis. GEAMINEAE. 29 Tribe VII. AVENEAE. Spikelets deciduous; lower flower perfect, upper staminate, awned; plant velvety. ■^'^- Holcus. Spikelets not deciduous; empty scales persistent, flowering ones deciduous. Spikelets of 2 perfect flowers; rachilla not prolonged beyond the upper one. 36. Aira. Spikelets 2-many-flowered; racliilla prolonged beyond the upper flower. Awn of flowering scale upon the back, inserted below the teeth. Flowers all perfect, or the upper ones staminate or wanting. Spikelets less than 12 mm. long; grain free, uufurrowed. Flowering scale finely erose-dentate or 2-lobed. 37. Desehampsia. Flowering scale cleft or 2-toothed, with the teeth some- times produced into awns. 38. Trisetum. Spikelets over 12 mm. long; grain furrowed, usually ad- herent to the scales. 39. Avena. Upper flower perfect, lower staminate, its scales strongly awned. 40. Arrhenatherum. Awn from between the lobes or teeth of the flowering scale, gener- ally twisted. 41. Danthonia. Tribe VIII. CHLOEIDEAE. One perfect flower in each spikelet. No empty scales above the flower. Spikelets deciduous. 43. Spartiva. Spikelets not deciduous; empty scales persistent; low, slender grasses. 42. Capriola. One to several empty scales above the flower. Spikelets scattered or remote on filiform spikes. 44. Gymnopogon. Spikelets crowded, sometimes 2-flowered. 45. Atheropogon. Two to three perfect flowers in each spikelet. Spikes with terminal spikelets. 46. Eleusive. Spikes without terminal spikelets, the rachis extending beyond them into a point. 47. Dactyloctenium. Tribe IX. FESTUCEAE. Eachilla with long hairs enveloping the flowering scale; tall aquatic grass, 48. Phragmites. Eachilla and flowering scales naked or hairy, hairs much shorter than the scales. Flowering scale 1-3-nerved, or rarely with faint additional intermediate nerves. Lateral nerves of flowering scale pilose. Interuodes of the rachilla long, the deeply 2-lobed flowering scale attached by a long-pointed callus. 50. Triplasis. Internodes of the rachilla and the callus of the flowering scale short, blunt. Panicle simple or compound, contracted or open, the spike- lets on pedicels of varying length. 49. Tricuspis. Panicle composed of long branches, along which the ap- pressed spikelets are arranged on short pedicels. 51. DipJachne. Lateral nerves of the flowering scale glabrous. Second empty scale similar to the first. 52. Eragrostis. Second empty scale very dissimilar to the first, broad and rounded at the summit. 53. Eatonia. Flowering scales 5-many-nerved. Spikelets with 2 or more of the upper scales empty, broad and en- folding each other. 54. Melica. 30 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. Spikelets with the upper scales flower-bearing, or narrow and abor- tive. Stigmas placed at or near the apex of the ovary. Scales more or less strongly compressed and keeled. Empty basal scales 3-6; spikelets flat, 2-edged. 55. Uniola. Empty basal scales 2; spikelets flattened. Panicle contracted ; spikelets dioecious. 56. DUtichlis. Panicle open ; spikelets perfect. Flowering scales herbaceous, awn-pointed; spikelets collected into one-sided clusters. 57. Dactylis. Flowering scales scarious-margined; rachis glabrous or with webby hairs. .58. Poa. Scales rounded on the back, at least below. Obtuse or siibacute and scarious at the apex, usually toothed. Plainly 5-7-nerved; styles present. 59. Panicularia. Obscurely 5-nerved; no style. 60. Puccinellia. Acute, pointed or awned at the apex. 61. Festuca. Stigmas plainly arising below the apex of the ovary; scales mostly awned. 62. Bromus, Tribe X. HOEDBAE. Spikelets solitary at the notches of the rachis. Flowering scales with their backs turned to the rachis. 63. Lolium. Flo^^'ering scales with their sides turned to the rachis. 64. Agropyron. Spikelets 2-6 at each joint of the rachis; scales mostly long-awned. Spikelets 1-flowered or with the rudiment of a second flower. 65. Hordeum. Spikelets 2-many-flowered. Empty scales a little smaller than the flowering ones. 66. Flymus. Empty scales very small or none. 67. Hystrix. Tribe XL BAMBUSEAE. Tall canes with large, flat spikelets in panicles or racemes. 68. Arundinaria. 1. TEIPSACUM L. 1. Tripsacum DACTYLOiDES L. Gama-grass, Sesame-gniss. M. p. 67. Moist soil. Summer. P/H'/odeZp/iia— Bartram's Garden (B. Sm.). DetoR-are— Painter 's Ar- boretum (Fu.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster — Islands, York Furnace ((Jr.) (Le.), Fites Eddy (St.). 5ec^s— Near Eeading (P.). Cape Ifai/— Cape May, I. Burk (He.). Atlantic— IS! ear Egg Harbor (C). Monmouth — Monmouth Beach Center (C). Neiv Castle — Above AUapokas. GMAMINEAE. 31 2. ERIANTHUS Michx. Plume-grass. A\Tn spiral. 1- E. alopecuroides. A-n-n straight. 2. E. cor.rpactus. 1. Erianthus alopecuroides (L.) Ell. M. p. 67. Damp soil. Autumn. Burlington— Below Burlington (C). .Giowcesf er—Mickleton, Swedes- boro (C). ^tion ieav Mickleton (He.). 60. PUCCINELLIA Pari. 1. Puccixellia distans (L.) Pari. Spreading Meadow-grass. M. p. 145. Salt marshes along coast and ballast. Philadelphia— GiT?.id Point (Te.). Neic Jersey— Frequent along the coast (C). New Castle— Fort Penn, Collins, Delaware City, Commons; Wilmington, south side, near Market Street, Commons and Tatnall. 61. FESTUCA L. Fescue-grass. Leaves 2 mm. wide or less, usually involute or folded. Annuals; flowering scales long-awned. First scale more than one-half as long as the second; awn not ex- ceeding the length of the flowering scale. 1. F. octoflora. First scale less than one-half as long as the second; awn much longer than the flowering scale. 2. F. Myuros. Perennial; flowering scales short-awned. 3. F. ovina. Leaves 4 mm. wide or more, flat. Flowering scales 5-7 mm. long; spikelets 5-10 flowered. 4. F. elatior. Flowering scales 4 mm. long or less ; spikelets 3-6-flowered. Spikelets very broad ; branches of the panicle spikelet-bearing from the middle* or below. 5. F. Shortii. Spikelets lanceolate; branches of the" panicle elongated, spikelet- bearing at the end. 6. F. nutans. 1. Festuca octoflora Walt. M. p. 146. Dry sterile soil. Summer. Philadelphia — Fyherry, Mart. (B. C). ^wcfcs — Eidge Road (Fr.). Delaware— Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— {F.). Lancaster— (F.) . North- ampton—F-aaton, Porter (B. C). New Jersey— Common. Neiv Castle — Frequent. 2. Festuca Myuros L. M. p. 146. Dry fields. Summer. Bucks— Fock Hill, Dr. J. B. Brivton (Fr.). Camden— K&ighn "s Point, Mart. (B. C). G^OMcesfer— Mickleton (He.), 54 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Kepaupo (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li.). Caije l/ai/— Cape May Point (Te.), Monmouth — Squan (C). New Castle— Townsend, Canby; Deakynes, Commons. 3. Festuca ovina L. Sheep's Fescue. M. p. 146. Fields and waste places. Summer. Delaivare—Swarthmore, E. T. Cresson, Jr. (B. Sm.). Ca?)idert— Grenloch (He.). Gloucester— ^^enonah (He.)., Swedesboro (Li). Cape May— Wildwood (Li.). 3a. Festuca ovina duriuscula (L.) Hack. M. p. 147, Philadelphia— Girard Point (Te.). £mcAs— Andalusia, Mart. (Fr.). Chester— (P.). Northampton— (P.). Cape Mai/— Cape May, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Holly Beach (He.), An- glesea (Li.). 4. Festuca elatior L. Taller Fescue. M. p. 147. Fields and waste places. Summer. 5. Festuca Shortii Kunth. M. p. 147. In woods and thickets. Summer. Zancas/e?'- Dillerville Swamp (P.). 62. BEOMUS L. Brome-grass. Lower empty scale 1-nerved, the upper 3-nerved. Awn shorter than the flowering scale or wanting; perennials 6-12 dm. tall. Flowering scales glabrous, or pubescent on the margins. 1. B. ciliatus. Flowering scales densely pubescent all over the back. 2. B. purgans. Awn longer than the flowering scale; low annuals 3-6 dm. tall. Flowering scales appressed-hirsute, 8-12 mm. long. 3. B. tectorxim. Flowering scales sparsely appressed-hispidulous. 4. B. sterilis. Lower empty scale 3-nerved, the upper 5-9-nerved. Flowering scales awned. Flowering scales pubescent. Pubescence dense, consisting of long silky hairs. 5. B. Kalmii. Pubescence of short appressed hairs, not dense. 6. B. hordaceus. Flowering scales glabrous or minutely roughened. Nerves of the turgid flowering scales obscure; sheaths glab- rous. 7. B. secalinus. Nerves of the flowering scale prominent; sheaths softly and densely pubescent with reflexed hairs. 8. B. racemosus. Flowering scales awnless, nearly as broad as long. 9. B. hrizaeformis. 1. Bromus ciliatus L. Woodchess. M. p. 149. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— Byherr J, Mart. (B. C), Wissahickon (He.). Bucks— Rock Hill (Fr.) (Ja.). Delaware— B-ey's Dam, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Burmont (B. Sm.), Ridley Creek, Darby Creek, Crum Creek, Lewis Mill, Castle Rock (VP.). Chester— YaWej Forge (He.). La7icaster—{F.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Cape Mai/— Wildwood (He.). 2, Bromus purgans L. M. p. 149. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— ^iaaahiekon (He.). Northampton— (P.). GIIAMINEAE. 55 iZiUiferdo?!— Frequent along the Dela^vare (C). New Casiie— Frequent. 3. Bromus tectorum L. M. p. 149. Fields and waste places. Early summer. ^wcAs— Bristol (P.), Tullytowu, Sellersville, Telford (Fr.). Nortli- avipton — Streets of Eastou (P.). Neiv Jersey — Conim on . Netc Castle— Collms, Commons; Odessa, Clayton, Commons and Tat nail. 4. Bromus sterilis L. M. p. 150. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Banks of Schuylkill (He.), Wayne Junction P. & R. rail- road (Je.), Eobinson's Knoll, West Park (VP.). Bucks— Telfovd (Fr.). Montgomery— Above Manayunk (VP.). Northa7npton—'Eastoii (P.). AtlaJitic—Atlantie City (Te.). 5. Bromus Kalmii A. Gray. M. p. 150. Woods and thickets. Summer. Bitcls-Tiidge Valley (Fr.). Delaware— Evans' Cemetery, Radnor, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Lancaster— CP.). Nortluwipton — I^aston, Porter (B.C.). 6. Bromus hordaceus L. M. p. 150. Fields and waste places. Summer. PhiladeliJhia—BaUast, C. A. Boice (B. C). Chester— (F.). GZoMces^er— Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic— Ilainmonton (C). 7. Bromus secalinus L. Cheat or Chess. M. p. 150. Fields and waste places. Summer. 8. Bromus racemosus L. M. p. 150. Fields and waste places. Summer. 9. Bromus brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey. M. p. 151. Introduced. Summer. Lancaster — (P.) . 63. LOLIUM L. Ray-grass, Darnel. Empty scale shorter than the spikelet. Flowering scales awnless. 1. L. perenne. Flowering scales awned. 2. L. Italicum. Empty scale equalling or extending beyond the flowering scales. 3. L. temulentum 1. LoLiUM perenne L. Bye-grass. M. p. 152. Fields and waste places Summer. 2. LoLiuM Italicum A. Br. M. p. 152, Fields and waste places. Summer New Castle— Pastures; rare. 3. LoLiUM temulentum L. Darnel. M. p. 152. Waste places and culti vated grounds. Summer. Philadelphia— Ballast (P.). Delaware— Concord (W. Tr.). Noi'th ampton—{B.). Camden— Kaighn's Point, Dr. E. G. Runt (He.). Neio Castle — Noxentown, Centerville, Collins, Commons. 64, AGROPYRON J. Gaertn. Wheat Grass. Culms tufted, no creeping rootstocks or stolons. 1. A. caninum. Culms from creeping rootstocks. 2. A. repens. 1. Agropyron caninum (L.) R. & S, M, p, 153. Cultivated ground and meadows. Summer. 56 FLOIiA OF PHILADELPHIA. New Castle — Low ground east of Thompson 's Swamp, Commons. 2. Agkopyron repens (L.) Beauv. Couch-grass, Quitch-grass. M. p. 153. Fields and waste places. Summer. 65. HOEDEUM L. Flowering scales, exclusive of awn, 6-8 mm. long. Awn of the flowering scale 1.25 cm. long or less. 1. H. nodosum. Awn of the flowering scale 2.5 cm. long or more. 2. H. jubatum. Flowering scales, exclusive of awn, about 1.2 cm. long. 3. H. murinum. 1. HoRDEUM NODOSUM L. Mcadoiv-Barley. M. p. 155. Meadows and waste places. Summer. Buc'ks — Perkasie, in ditches (Fr.). . Caxie May — Goshen Landing (He.). 2. HoRDEUM JUBATUM L. Squirrel-tail Grass. M. p. 155. Dry soil. Sum- mer. Philadelphia— Commons, Mart. (B. C). Buds — Quakertown, Telford (Fr.). Montgomery— Amhler (Fr.). Detowore— Tinicum, rare (VP.), Chester— Y alley Forge (W. Tr.). Lancaster— West Grove (Ca.). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Ja.). Atlantic — Hammonton (C), Atlantic City (He.). Mercer— Trenton (C). New Castle Shores, Woodland Beach, Commons. 3. HORDEUM MURINUM L. Wall-Barley. M. p. 155. Ballast and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — Fairmount Park (Ja.). Camden— l^aighn's Point (He.). 66. ELYMUS L. Lyme-grass, Wild Eye. Empty scales narrowly awl-shaped; spike slender. 1. E. striatus. Empty scales linear-lanceolate to linear; spike stout. Flowering scales glabrous. 2. E. Virginicm. Flowering scales more or less appressed-pubescent, usually densely so. 3. E. Canadensis. 1. Elymus STRIATUS Willd. M. p. 156. Eocky woods and banks. Summer. Philadelphia— 'Wissahiekon (VP.). Delatvare— Mar-pie, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton— 'Easton, Porter (B.C.). Cape l/ai/— Wildwood (He.). Hunterdon— 'Rosemon.t, Eidge Island (C). New Casiie— Mount Cuba, Greenbank, Brandywine, Commons. 2. Elymus Virginicus L. M. p. 156. Along streams. Summer. 3. Elymus Canadensis L. M. p. 157. Eiver banks. Summer. 67. HYSTEIX (L.) Millsp. ]. Hystrix Hystrix (L.) Millsp. Bottle-brush Grass. M. p. 158. Eocky woods. Summer. Philadelphia— Schuylkill, near junction of Wissahiekon (He.). Bucks — Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— Ahoxe Lafayette (VP.), Skippach Creek, Sumneytown (VP.). Delaivare—Wawa, (Ke.), Lansdowne (Pe.), CYPEBACEAE. 57 Khoads' Swamp, Marple (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— St. Peter's (Ke.), Brandywine Creek (Pr.). Lancaster— {F.). Northamp- ton-(P.). Burlington— Amejtovyn (C.)- i/ercer— Princeton (Te.)- New Castle — Frequent. 68. ARUNDINAPJA Michx. 1. Aeundinaria tecta (Walt.) Miihl. Switch Cane, Small Cane. M. p. 158. Swamps and moist soil. Summer. Delaware — Painter "s Arboretum (He.). Family 2. CYPERACEAE J. St. Hil. Sedge Family. Flowers of the spikelet all, or at least one of them, perfect; spikelets all similar. Scales of the spikelets 2-ranked. Perianth none ; spikelets in solitary or umbelled terminal heads. 1. Cyperus. Perianth of 6-9 bristles ; inflorescence axillary. 2. Dulichium. Scales of the spikelets spirally imbricated all around. Spikelets with several to many perfect flowers. Base of the style swollen, persistent as a tubercle on the achene. Leaves reduced to basal sheaths; bristles of the perianth usually present ; spikelet solitary. 3. Eleocharis. Culm leafj' ; perianth-bristles none ; spikelets in a ter- minal umbel. 4. Stenophyllus. Base of the style enlarged or narrow, deciduous. Flowers with no broad sepals or interior perianth-scales. Style swollen at the base; bristles none. 5. Fimbristylis. Style not swollen at the base; bristles usually present. Spikelets solitary to many; bristles 1-6, rarely none. 6. Scirpus. Spikelets solitary or few; bristles 6-mauy, soft, smooth, very long, slender, much exserted. 7. Eriophorum. Flowers with a perianth of 3-stalked sepals or of 1 or 2 interior hyaline scales. 8. Fuirena. Spikelets 1-4-flowered, some of the flowers imperfect. Style, or its base, persistent as a tubercle on the achene. 9. Eynchospora. Style wholly deciduous. 10. Cladium. Flowers all monoecious or dicecious, usually borne in separate small spikelets. Achene not enclosed in a utricle. 11. Scleria. Achene enclosed in a utricle (perigynium). 12. Carex. 1. CYPERUS L. Galingale. Style 2-cleft ; achene lenticular, not 3-angled; scales falling from the rachis; spikelets flat. Spikelets yeUow; superficial cells of the achene oblong. 1. C. fiavescens. Spikelets green or brown; superficial cells of the achene quadrate. Scales obtuse or obtusish, appressed. Scales membranous, dull; style much exserted. 2. C. diandrus. Scales subcoriaceous, shining; style scarcely exserted. 3. C. rivularis. Scales acute, somewhat spreading at maturity. 4. C. Nuttallii. 58 FLOE A OF PEILADELFEIJ. Style 3-cleft; achene 3-angled. Scales falling away from the persistent rachis of the flattened spikelet. Wings of the rachis, if present, permanently adnate to it. Scales tipped with recurved awns; low annual, 2-15 cm. tall. 5. C. inflexus. Scales acute or obtuse, not awned. Wings of the rachis none or very narrow. Stamens 3; spikelets linear-oblong, 8-25 mm. long; scales acute. 6. C. compressus. Stamen 1 ; spikelets ovate, 4-8 mm. long. 7. C. pseudovegetus. Wings of the rachis evident. Low annual, adventive from Europe ; scales brown. 8. C. fuscits. Tall indigenous perennials. Scales mucronate, reddish-brown or green. 9. C. dentatus. Scales acute or obtuse, not mucronate. Scales wholly or partly purple-brown; achene linear. 10. C. rotundus. Scales straw-colored ; achene ovoid. 11. C. escidentus. Wings of the rachis separating from it as interior scales ; annuals. 12. C. erythrorhisos. Spikelets falling away from the axis of the spikes, the lower pair of scales commonly persistent. Annuals ; spikelets elongated, nearly terete. Scales imbricated; achene obovoid. 13. C. speciosus. Scales distant; achene linear-oblong. 14. C. Engelmanni. Perennial by hard^ tuber-like basal corms; spikelets more or less flattened. Achene narrowly linear-oblong, 3-4 times as long as thick. Spikelets flat, several-many-flowered. 15. C. strigosus. Spikelets subterete, few-flowered. Spikelets 12-25 mm. long, loosely spieate ; lower re- flexed. 16. C. refractus. Spikelets 3-12 mm. long, densely capitate or spieate. Spikelets all reflexed ; culms rough. 17. C. retrofractus. Spikelets spreading or only the lower reflexed; culms smooth. Heads oblong or cylindric. Spikelets 6-10 mm. long, the lower re- flexed. 18. C. Lancastriensis. Spikelets 3-4 mm. long, the lower spread- ing. 19. C. cyJindricus. Heads globose. 20. C. ovxdaris. Achene oblong or obovoid, about twice as long as thick. Eaehis wingless or very narrowly winged. 21. C. fiUculmis. Eachis-wings membranous, broad. Scales firm, not appressed, spikelet loosely capitate. 22. C. Grayi. Scales thin, closely appressed ; spikelets densely cap- itate. 23. C. echinatus. 1. Ctperus flavescens L. M. p. 161. Low grounds. Summer. PMtodeZpMa— Byberry, Mart. (B. C), on the Delaware Eiver (P.). Buchs—'NeSiT Bristol, Mart. (Fr.). Delaware— Wavfa (P.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Lancaster— {!?.). Northampton— 'Eastou. (P.). Dauphin — (P.). CYPEBACEAE. 59 Burlington — Atsion (He.)- Camden — Ballast (C). Gloucester — Mickleton (C); Swedesboro (Li.)- Cumberland — Jericho (C). Atlantic — May's Landing (He.)- Ocean — Goodluek Point, Manchester, Toms Eiver (C), Forked Eiver (Ja.). New Castle— St. George's, Canby; Dupont 's Pier. Frequent. 2. Cyperus diandrus Torr. M. p. 161. Low grounds. Late summer. Philadelphia— JiyheTTy, Mart. (B.C.). J5MdwS— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— (P.) . Chester— Vvrchlan Twp. (Pr.). Lancaster— Yovk Furnace (He.). Northampton — Eastou, Porter (B.C.). Xeiv Jersey — Common. Xeic Castle — Common. 3. Cyperus rivularis Kunth. M. p. 161. Low grounds. Late summer. Bucks — Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Tinieum, C. E. Smith (P.). Northampton — Island Park (P.). New Jersey— General (C). Netv Castle— Odessa, St. George's, Commons. 4. Cyperus Nuttallii Eddy. M. p. 161. Salt marshes. Summer. Philadelphia— Ballast (P.). De^att-are— Chester, T. C. Palmer (Fu.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle — St. George's, Canby. 5. Cy'perus inflexus Muhl. M. p. 162. Sandy wet soil. Summer. Bucks — Near Point Pleasant (Fr.). Montgomery — Sumneytown (VP.). Chester — Willistown (VP.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Li.). North- ampton— (P.). Dauphin — (P.). Neic Castle — Frequent. 6. Cyperus compressus L. M. p. 162. Fields. Late summer. Philadelphia— Tiallast (P.). New Castle— St. George's, Commons. 7. Cyperus pseudovegetus Steud. M. p. 162. Wet places. Summer. Neiv Castle — Eailroad, Townsend, Commons; Van Dyke. 8. Cyperus fuscus L. M. p. 162. Ballast. Summer. Camden — Kaighn's Point, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). 9. Cyperus dentatus Torr. M. p. 183. Sandy swamps. Late summer. J5wcAs— Near Bristol (Fr.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton — {P.). Dauphin — (P.). Burlington— Atsion (He.), near Brown Mills Junction (Sa.). Salem — Eiddleton (Cr.). Atlantic— May's Lauding (He.), Egg Harbor (Ja.), Elwood (Te.). Ocea;i— Forked Eiver (He.). Runterdon — Along Delawai-e, common (C). 10. Cyperus rotundus L. M. p. 163. Sandy fields. Summer. Delaware— (P.). Northampton— Bethlehem (P.). New Castle — Alluvial soil and gardens. Frequent. 11. Cyperus esculentus L. M. p. 163. Low grounds. Late summer. 12. Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. M. p. 163. Alluvial banks. Late summer. Philadelphia — l>i ay y Yard, Dr. Geo. Smitli (Fu.). Delaware — (P.). Dauphin — Forsters Island (P.). 60 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. Camden— Fettj's Island (C.) ; Caniclen, P. R. E. wharf (He.). Glou- cesser— Swedesboro (Li.)- New Castle— Townsend and river shore. 13. Cyperus speciosus Vahl. M. p. 164. Marshes. Summer. Philadelphia— Falls of Schuylkill (Ja.). Cape May— Cape May (Te.), Stone Harbor, Wildwood (VP.). Atlantic- —May's Landing (C), Hanimonton, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Ocean — Manchester (C). Neiv Castle — Eiver shore, Canhy. 14. Cyperus Engelmanni Steud. M. p. 164. Low grounds. Late summer. Camde«— Kaighn's Point, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). 15. Cyperus strigosus L. M. p. 164. Damp or fertile soil. Late summer, 15a. Cyperus strigosus robustior Kunth. M. p. 165. Range of type. £«cA's— Bristol (Fr,). 16. Cyperus refractus Engelm. M. p. 165. Dry fields. Summer. Delaware — Ridley (B. Sm.). Camden — Kaighn's Point (Li.). 17. Cyperus retrofractus (L.) Torr. M. p. 165. Sandy fields. Summer. Philadelphia— (P.) . Chester— (P.) . Camden — Haddonfield, Griffith's Swamp (C). GZowcesier — Malaga (C), National Park (Cr.), Swedesboro (Li.). ^hibola. Plant very glaucous all over. 51. C. glaucodea^ 19. GRANULARES. Perigynia 2-3 mm. long. 52. C. granulans. Perigynia 1-1.5 mm. long. 53. C. Shriveri. 20. EXTENSAE. 21. PALLESCENTE8. 22. OLIGOCARPAE. 54. C. flava. 55. C. paUescens. Sheaths glabrous. '] Perigynia narrowed at both ends, beakless. 56. C. conoidea. Perigynia with a short entire beak. 57. C. oligocarpa. Sheaths pubescent. 58. C. Hitchcockiana. 23. LAXIFLORAE. Plants not at all glaucous, or very slightly so. \ Beak of the perigynium straight, slender. 59. C. polymorpha. Beak of the perigynium bent, short or none. Leaves mostly narrow, 2-12 mm. wide. Scales, at least the upper, obtuse. Bracts elongated; spikes loosely flowered; culms slender.. 60. C. tetanica. Bracts short; spikes densely flowered; culms stout. 61. C. Meadii. Scales acute, cuspidate, acuminate, or awned. Perigynia obtusely 3-angled. Perigynia obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long. 62. C. laxiflora. Perigynia oblong, narrow, about 4 mm. long. Perigynia narrowly oblong, 4-5 mm. long, the beak oblique. 63. C. styloflexa. Perigynia elliptic, 3-4 mm. long, the beak nearly straight. 64. C. striatiila. Perigynia sharply 3-angled. 65. C. digitalis. Leaves broad, 12-36 mm. wide. Bracts leafy, the upper usually overtopping the spikes. 66. C. Alhursina. Bracts mostly reduced to purple, leafless sheaths. 67. C. plantaginea. Plants distinctly glaucous. Pistillate spikes drooping on hair-like stalks. 68. C. laxiculmis. Pistillate spikes erect. Basal leaves much longer than the culm. 69. C. ptychocarpa. Basal leaves shorter than the culm or equalling it. Leaves 12-25 mm. wide. 70. C. platyphylla. Leaves 2-4 mm. wide. 71. C. livida. 24. DIGITATAE. 72. C. setifolia. CYPEEACEAE. 25. PEDUNCULATAE. 73. C. pedunculata. 26. MONTANAE. Plant not stoloniferous. 74. C. pedicellata. Plants stoloniferous, the stolons sometimes short. Culms, or some of them, longer than the leaves. Staminate spikes conspicuous, mostly over 6 mm. long. Plant dark green; staminate spike very prominent; perigynia broadly oval. 75. C. Pennsylvanica. Plant light green; staminate spike shorter; perigynia oblong. 76. C. varia. Staminate spikes inconspicuous, mostly less than 6 mm. long. 77. C. albicans. Culms, or most of them, much shorter than the leaves. Scales light green with purple margins; perigynia oblong. 78. C. nigromarginata. Scales green with lighter scarious margins; perigynia oval. 79. C. urnbellata. 27. TRIQUETRAE. 28. PHYLLOSTACHYAE. 80. C. pubescens. Body of the perigynium oblong, its beak flattened. 81. C. Wildenovii. Body of the perigynium globose, its beak subulate. 82. C. Jamesii. 29. LEPTOCEPHALAE. 30. DIOICAE. 31. VULPINAE. 83. C. leptalea. 84. C. exilis. Beak of the perigynium shorter than the body. 85. C. conjuncta. Beak of the perigynium equalling or longer than the body. 86. C. stipata. 32. MULTIFLORAE. Leaves 2 mm. wide or less. Perigynia 3-5 mm. long. 87. C. teretiuscula. Perigynia 2-3 mm. long. 88. C. alopecoidea. Leaves 2-6 mm. wide. Leaves as long as the culm or longer. 89. C. vulpinoidea. Leaves shorter than the culm. 90. C. xanthocarpa. 33. MUHLENBERGIANAE. Spikes separated or the upper close together; perigynia mostly radiating or reflexed. Leaves 1-3 mm. wide. Perigynia stellately radiating. 91. C. rosea. Perigynia reflexed when mature. 92. C. retroflexa. Leaves 5-9 mm. wide. 93. C. sparganioides. Spikes all aggregated or the lower separated ; perigynia spreading or ascend- ing. Leaf-blades relatively thin and lax, 4-8 mm. wide. 94. C. cephaloidea. Leaf -blades relatively stiff, 1-4 mm. wide. Perigynia 2 mm. long or less, nerveless or faintly few-nerved. 95. C. cephalophora. Perigynia 3 mm. long, strongly-nerved. 96. C. Muhlenbergii. 76 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 34. ELONGATAE. Perigynia radiately spreading, or reflexed when old. Perigynia distinctly nerved on both faces, the beak rough. Perigynia lanceolate ; beak more than half as long as the body. 97. C. sterilis. Perigynia ovate; beak about one-third as long as the body, abrupt. 98. C. Atlantica. Perigynia faintly nerved on the outer face, nerveless or nearly so on the inner; beak smoothish. 99. C. interior. Perigynia ascending, appressed or somewhat spreading when old, not radiating. Perigynia ovate, oval, oblong or elliptic. Bracts short, scale-like or none, the lowest occasionally longer than the spike. Heads silvery green or nearly white. 100. C. canescen.s. Heads brown or brovmish. 101. C. hrunnescens. Bracts bristle-form, much elongated, much exceeding the 2-4 oblong nerved perigynia. 102. C. trisperma. Perigynia lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. 103. C. bromoides. 35. OVALES. Perigynia lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 times as long as wide. Perigynia broadly winged; staminate flowers intermixed with the pis- tillate. 104. C. siccata. Perigynia narrowly winged; staminate flowers all basal. Spikes oblong or oval ; perigynia ascending or erect. Spikes green-brown, blunt. 105. C. tribuloides. Spikes bright brown, pointed; perigynia lanceola.te. 106. C. scoparia. Spikes subglobose; perigynia spreading, at least when old. 107. C. cristatella. Perigynia ovate, not more than twice as long as wide (longer in some forms of 110). Perigynia narrowly winged above; heads greenish-brown. 108. C. adusta. Perigynia broadly wing-margined. Perigynia spreading or ascending. Spikes silvery green. 109. C. foenea. Spikes yellowish-brown or greenish. 110. C. straminea. Perigynia erect or appressed. Heads silvery green or nearly white; sea-beach species. 111. C. silicea. Heads brown-green; meadow or marsh species. 112. C. tenera. Perigynia orbicular, very broadly ovate or somewhat obovate, sometimes wider than long. Heads green-brown. Perigynia spreading or ascending; achene sessile. 113. C. festucacea. Perigynia erect, 4-5 mm. broad; achene short-stalked. 114. C. alata. Heads silvery green, yellowish or whitish. 115. C. albolutescens. 1. Carex Collinsii Nutt. M. p. 191. Bogs. Summer. C}iester—(P.). Burlington — StaSoT A Forge (St.), Brown Mills (Te.). Camden — Griffith's Swamp, Mart. (B. C), Cedar Brook (Cr.) (Ke.), Gloucester (Sa.), Atco (Te.), Clementon, Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester — Near Malaga (C), near Miekleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Washington Park CYPEBACEAE. 77 (VP.)- Atlantic —Ahsecon, Hammonton (Wn,). Oceon— Forked River (Cr.), Toms Eiver (Te.)- Mercer— Trenton (C). 2. Cakex folliculata L. M. p. 191. Swampa and wet meadows. Summer. 3. Carex iNTUMESCENS Rudge. M. p. 191, Swamps, bogs, and wet woods. Summer. 4. Carex Asa-Grayi Bailey. M. p. 191. Swamps and wet meadows. Sum- mer. Delaware— Nesit Castle Rock (Ja.), near Ridley Creek, West Chester Road (VP.). Gioticesfer— Swedesboro (Li.). Cope May— Goshen (He.). Atlantic- Egg Harbor, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Hunterdon— Bull's Island (Br.). 5. Carex lupulina Muhl. M. p. 192. Swamps and wet pastures. Summer. G. Carex lupuliformis Sartwell. M. p. 192. Swamps. Summer. 5«cfcs — Nockamixon (Cr.), Rock Hill, Bristol (Fr.). Montgom- ery—Fort Washington .(VP.). Delaware— Palmer 's Mill, Upper Provi- dence (B. Sm.). Le/it^'/i— Lehigh (Kr.). Northampton— {F.). New Cast Ze— Newark, Canby; Townsend, Commons. 7. Carex grandis Bailey. M. p. 192. Swamps. Summer. New Castle— Townsend, Canby and Tatnall. 8. Carex utriculata Boott. M. p. 194. Marshes. Summer. B«cits— Quakertown, Mart. (B. C), Penn Valley (Cr.) (Fr.). CaTnden- Kaighn 's Point (C). New Casfie— Harmony Mills. 9. Carex monile Tuckerm. M. p. 194. Marshes and wet meadows. Sum- mer. jBucfc*- Sellersville (Fr.) (Ja.), Narrowsville (Li.), DeZowore- Tint - cum, A. E. Smith (B. Sm.) (St.). Chester— {I'.). Lancaster— {V.). Hunterdon — Kingwood (C). New Castle— Brandyvnue, etc. ; Townsend and Farnhurst, Commons. 10. Carex bullata Schk. M. p. 194. Swamps. Summer. 11. Carex retrorsa Schwein. M. p. 194. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. Bucks— (F.). 12. Carex lurida Wahl. M. p. 194. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. 12o. Carex lurida flaccida Bailey. M. p. 195. Swamps and wet meadows. Spring. Bucks— Argua (Fr.). 126. Carex lurida parvula (Paine) Bailey. M. p. 195. Bucks — Argus (Fr.). 13. Carex Schweinitzii Dewey. M. p. 195. Swamps and bogs. Summer. New CastJe— Thompson's, Brakely. 14. Carex htstricina Muhl. M. p. 195. Swamps and low meadows. Summer. 15. Carex comosa Boott. M. p. 195. Swamps. Summer. 16. Carex Frankii Kunth. M. p. 196. Swamps and wet meadows. Sum- mer. Chester — (P.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.). 78 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 17. Carex squarrosa L. M. p. 196. Swamps and bogs. Summer. 18. Carex trichocarpa Muhl. M. p. 196. Marshes and wet meadows. Summer. Bucks — Penn Valley (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.). Delaware— Hej 's Dam, Upper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Castle Rock (VP.). Lancaster— Ij&ncSiStQT, Porter (B.C.). Northampton — (P.). Camden — Cedar Brook (Cr.). 19. Carex riparia Curtis. M. p. 197. Swamps. Summer. Philadelphia — (P.). Bucks — Argus (Cr.), near Quakertown (Fr.). Delaware— Tmicum, A. H. Smith (Fu.) (St.), Wawa (Ja.). Gloucester — River swamps along Delaware (C), Repaupo (Ja.). Salem — Near Salem, near Woodstown (He.). Ocean — Manchester (C). New Castle — Holly Oak, Canby; Delaware Junction, Commons. 20. Carex Shortiana Dewey. M. p. 197. Moist meadows and thickets. Early summer. Lancaster — Conewago (P.). 21. Carex scabrata Schwein. M. p. 197. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahiekon (P.). BwcAs— Springfield (Fr.). Dela- ware—Tinicum (Le.), near Media (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St.), Castle Rock (VP.), Chester— {P.). Lancaster — {P .) . Berfcs— Hamburg (He.) (Ke.) (Li.). Northampton— {P.). H%int er don— '^liMovdi, Rosemont (C). New Castle — Centerville, Commons; oppcsite Twadell's, Canby. 22. Carex vestita Willd. M. p. 198. Sandy woods. Summer. Bucks — Penn Valley (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.), Bristol (P.). Delaware — Tinicum (Fu.) (Sa.) (St.), near Chester, Rhoads' Swamp, Marple (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Lajtcas^er— Smithville^ (P.). Northampton— Pen Argyl (P.). Camden— TS,Rst Camden (Te.), Haddonfield, Lindenwold (VP.). Glou- cester — Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Washington Park (VP.). Atlantic— 'Egg Harbor (B. Sm.). Hunterdon — Sergeantsville, Rosemont (C). New Castle — Harmony, Tatnall; Townsend, Canby. 23. Carex Walteriana Bailey. M. p. 198. Pine-barren swamps. Early summer. Montgomery— ^hannonviWe (Cr.). DeZo ware— Tinicum (Fu.). Burlington — (^xiaker Bridge (He.), Speedwell (St.). Camdew— Cedar Brook (Ke.), Berlin (Te.), Clementon (VP.). G^oMcesfe? — Williamstown (He.). Atlantic— Pi-ammonion (Fr.), Egg Harbor (He.), May's Land- ing (Li.). Ocean— Manchester, New Egypt (C), Toms River (Ke.). 24. Carex lanuginosa Michx. M. p. 198. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. BMcts— Sellersville (Fr.). Detoware— Rhoads' Swamp, C. E. Smith (Fu.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Berks— (P.). Gloucester— 'Near Mickleton (He.). MonmouthSquan (C). New Castle — Brakely, frequent. 25. Carex piliformis L. M. p. 198. Wet meadows and swamps. Summer. JSucfcs— TuUytown (Fr.). Delaware- Rhoads' Swamp, Marple, C. E. CTPERACEAE. XSf.. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Lancaster— ChTistia.na (St.)- BerA-s— Hamburg (Li.). New Cas^Zc— Thompson's, Brakely, Farnhurst, Commons. 26. Caeex hirta L. M. p. 198. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Greenwich Point (Te.). Camden— Camden (Ja.) (He.). 27. Cakex fusca All. M. p. 200. Bogs. Early summer. BttcAs— Bedminster, /. S. Mayer (B. C), TuUytown (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.) (Li.). Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh— (P.). New Castle— Farnhnrst, Canby. 28. Carex stricta Lam. M, p. 200. Swamps. Summer. 28a. Carex stricta angustana (Boott.) Bailey. M. p. 200. Swamps. Summer. Bucks — TuUytown, Bicl'nell (Ft.) . Lancaster— (P.). Northampton -(P.). 29. Caeex Hatdeni Dewey. M. p. 200. Swamps. Summer. BmcAcs— Sellersville (Fr.). 30. Carex aquatilis Wahl. M. p. 200. Swamps and along streams. Sum- mer. Delaware— (P.) . Camden— Camden (C). 31. Carex Goodenovii J. Gay. M. p. 201. Wet grounds. Summer. Bmc^s— Penn Valley (Cr.). Detoware— Lazaretto, C. F. Saunders (He.), Palmer's Mills, Upper Providence (B. Sm.), Tinieum (P.). Lancaster — Christiana (St.). 32. Carex torta Boott. M. p. 202. Marshes and wet thickets. Summer. Bucks — Argus (Cr.), near Sellersville (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.) (Li.). •ZJeioware— Holland's Bridge, Upper Providence, Dr. Geo. Smith; Hey's Dam, Upper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Wawa (He.), Palmer's Mills, Upper Providence (B. Sm.), Castle Rock (VP.). Chester — (P.). Lan- caster— Lancaster (Kr.). Northampton (P.). Netv Castle — Allapokas, Beaver Eun, Canby. 33. Carex prasina Wahl. M. p. 202. Meadows and moist thickets. Early summer. Philadelphia— Germantown (St.). Bucks — Springfield, Rock Hill (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.). Montgomery— Bryn Mawr (Te.). Delaware — Wawa (Sa.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster— Lancaster (Kr.). Berks— (P.). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester— M.u\liea Hill (C), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle— Frequent. 34. Carex littoralis Schwein. M. p. 202. Pine-barren swamps. Early summer. Delaware— Tinieum (Sa.) (St.). Gloucester — Is! ear Mickleton (He.). Atlantic — Egg Harbor (Sa.). Ocean— Manchester (C). New Castle — Townsend, Canby. 35. Carex limosa L. M. p. 203. Bogs. Summer. Bucks— 'Rock Hill (Cr.) (Fr.). i go FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Gloucester— He^aupo (Cr.) (Li.), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Casfife— Thompson's. 36. Carex crinita Lam. M. p. 203. Swamps and wet woods. Summer. 37. Cakex gynandra Schwein. M. p. 204. Swamps. Summer. Chester— (P.). Northampton— {P.). 38. Carex virescens Muhl. M. p. 204. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. 39. Carex costellata Britton. M. p. 204. Woods. Summer. Philadelphia— {P.). 5«cts— Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware— ^avia,, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.), Crum Creek (St.). C7jes«er— Whitford (Li.). Lan- caster—(P.). Northampton— 'Easion, Porter (B. C). 40. Carex triceps Michx. M. p. 205. Woods, fields and swamps. Summer. 41. Carex Caroliniana Schwein. M. p. 205. Meadows. Summer. Philadelphia— 92d street marsh (St.), Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks— Narrowsville (Li,). Delaware— Jli&e Range (Cr.), Pusey 's Woods, A. E. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St.). Gloucester— Timher Creek, C. A. Boice (B. C), Mickleton (C), Swedes- boro (Li.). 42. Carex gracillima Schwein. M. p. 205. Moist woods and meadows. Summer. Philadelphia— Byheviy, Mart. (B. C). Bucks— TuHytoyvn (Cr.), Sel- lersville, Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— (P.). Delaware— 'Darhj Creek, Dr. Geo. Smith and A. H. Smith (Fu.), Wawa (Sa.), Swarthmore (Te.), Lewis Mill, Crum Creek (VP.). C/iester— Cheyney, Kennett (St.). Lan- caster—(P.). Berks— (P.). Lehigh— {P.). NorthamptonSeiders- ville, A. S. Bechdolt (B. C). New Castle — Frequent. 48. Carex aestivalis M. A. Curtis. M. p. 205. Mountain woods. Summer. Chester— (P.). New Cast/e— Brandywine Creek at State Line, Canby; Burris Run, Commons. 44. Carex Davisii Schwein. & Torr. M. p. 206. Moist thickets and mead- ows. Early summer. Philadelphia— (P.). jB«cA:s— Nockamixon (Cr.) (Li.), near Pipersville (Fr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— {P.). Northampton— Baston, Porter (B. C). New CasiZe— Frequent. 45. Carex longirostris Torr. M. p. 206. Banks and moist thickets. Summer. Bucks — Nockamixon. Northampton — Easton (Ca.), Pen Argyl (U. C. S.). Hunterdon— Bjram, Lambertville (C). New CasiZe— Dupont's, Brakely. 46. C.^REX ARCTATA Scott. M. p. 207. Dry woods and thickets. Spring. Biicks-Penn Valley (Cr.). Giowcester— Swedesboro (Li.). CYFEBACEAE. 81 47. Carex tenuis Eudge. M. p. 207. Woods. Summer. Philadelphia — ByhQxt J, Mart. (B. C). Bwcfcs — Quakertown (Fr.). ifoni^romeri/— Shannonville (Cr.), "Walnut Hill (VP.). Delaware— Tim- cum, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (Sa.) (B. Sm.) (St.). Chester— (F.). Lan- caster—(F.). New Jersei/— Frequent. New Casiie— Frequent. 48. Cakex OBLiTA Steud. M. p. 207. Bogs. Summer. Camdew— Griffith 's Swamp, Mart. (B. C), Grenloch (He.), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester— ^e&r Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Washing- ton Park (VP.). Cape May— East Creek (C). Atlantic— KhsQcon {{:.), May's Landing (Fr.). 49. Gabex gbisea Wahl. M. p. 207. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— ByhGrry, Mart. (B. C.), Germantown (St.), Old York Eoad (Te.). 2>'wcA;s— Nockamixon (Cr.) (He.), near Sellersville (Fr.). Detowore— Haverford (Le.), Essington, Wawa (Sa.). Ci'iesfer— Kennett (St.). Lancaster— {P.). NortlMmpton-'E&ston, Porter {B. C.) (Ca.). Burlington— MedioTd (St.). Gloucester— liear Lancaster, Porter (B. C). Ber^s— (P.). Northampton— {F.). Gloucester— QwedeshoTo (Li.). New Castle— Karmonj, Tatnall; Ashland, Commons. 57. Carex oligooarpa Schk. M. p. 210. Dry woods and thickets. Summer.. B«cils— Harr 's Mill (Fr.). Lancaster— {V.). Northampton — (V.). New Castie— Below Dupont's, Canby. 58. Carex Hitchcockiana Dewey. M. p. 210. Woods and thickets. Sum- mer. 5«cfcs — Nockamixon (He.), Pencoyd (Te.). Lavicasfer — Lancaster, Porter (B. C). N ortliampt on— 'Easton, Porter (B. C.) (Ca.). 59. Carex polymorpha Muhl. M. p. 210. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. jBmc^s— Nockamixon (He.). Lancaster— {F.). Camden— Cedar Brook (Cr.). Gloucester— 'Near Mickleton (He.) (Li.), 60. Carex tetanica Schk. M. p. 210. Meadows and wet woods. Summer. Buds— ATgus (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.). Lancaster— CP.). Northamp- ton—(P.). Hunterdon — Baptisttown (C). New Cas^ie— Brandy wine, etc. 61. Carex Meadii Dewey. M. p. 211. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. Bucks— Argus (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— Pyle's Bridge, W. M. Canby (B. Sm.). La?! caster— (P.). 62. Carex laxiflora Lam. M. p. 211. Meadows and thickets. Summer. 62o. Carex laxiflora blanda (Dewey) Boott. M. p. 211. Meadows and thickets. Summer. .Bwcits— Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— {P.). Delaware— ^Na^/a (Sa.). C/iesfer— Whitford (Li.). Northannpton— 'Evasion, Porter {B.C.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle — Centerville, Commons. 62b. Carex laxiflora varians Bailey. M. p. 211. Meadows and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— ^hayinvoMt (Sa.). BwcA's— Narrowsville (Li.)., Wawa, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li). 62c. Carex laxiflora patulifolia (Dewey) Carey. M. p. 211. Open places. Summer. Bucks— Argns (Cr.). Delaware— Darby (B. Sm.). Lancaster— {P.). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester— Mickleton (He.). Swedesboro (Li.). 63. Carex styloflexa Buckley. M. p. 211. Woods and thickets. Early summer. Bucks — Near SoUersville (I'V.). Montgomery — {P.). Delaware — CTPJSRACEAE. §^ Tinicum, Vr. Geo. Smith (Pu.) (St.). Lancaster— {F.). ^er/cs— (P.). Northampton — (P.) . Gloucester— 'i^eax Mickleton (He.)- E.unterdon—'RosQmoni (C). New Castle— Common. 64. Cabex striatula Michx. In woods, meadows, and thickets. Lancaster — (P.). 65. Carex digitalis Willd. M. p. 211. Woods and thickets. Early summer. FhiladelphAa — ByhGrry, Mart. (B. C), Shawmont (Sa.), Old York Road (Te.). Bucl's—A.rg\xs, (Or.), Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— (P.). Delaware — Darby, Upper Providence, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Chester — (P.). La« (taster — Lancaster (Kr.). Northampton— 'Easion, Porter (B. C). New Castle— Brandyvime, Centerville, Commons. 66. Carex albubsina Sheldon. M. p. 212. Woods. Summer. Bttcfes— Rock Hill (Fr.), Nockamixon (He,). Ddaware— Wawa (Sa,), Onim Creek (St.). La?! easier— York Furnace (St.). Gloucester— '^ ear Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle— M.o\\ni Cuba, Commons. 67. Carex plantaginea Lam. M. p. 212. Woods. Early summer. B«c/t:s— Narrowsville, T. C. Porter (Fu.), Plumstead (Fr.). Chester- Near Pleasantville (P.). 68. Carex laxiculmis Schwein, M. p. 212. Woods and thickets. Spring. Philadelphia— Byherr J, Mart. (B. C), Old York Road (Te.).^ Bucks — Penn Valley (Cr.), Springfield, Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— Brjn Mawr (Te.). Delatoare-Hey's Dam, Upper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Lancaster— {P.). NortJiampton—{P.). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C). 69. Carex ptychocarpa Steud. M. p. 212. Moist woods and thickets. Summer. JBiicfcs — TuUytown (Cr.). Bristol, Quake rtown (Fr.). Delaware — Tinicum (Sa.), Crum Creek (St.). Chester — Near West Chester, Kennett (St.). Gloucester— Center Square, Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle— Townsend, Canby; Purgatory Swamp near Coochs Bridge, Commons and Tatnall. 70. Carex platyphylla Carey. M. p. 212. Woods and thickets. Spring. 5«cfcs — Plumstead (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.) (Ke.). Chester — Phcenixville, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton — Easton (Ca.). GloucesterSwedesboro (Li.). Somerset — Peapack (C). Hunterdon — Lambertville ( C. ) . Neiv Castle— Freqaent. 71. Carex livida (Wahl.) WiJld. M. p. 212. Pine barrens. Summer. Burlington — Atsion (C), Speedwell (St.). Camden — Ancora (He.) (Li.). Ocean— Manchester (C). 84 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 72. Cabex setifolia (Dewey) Britton. M. p. 213. Limestone roclos. Early summer. Northampton— "Easton, Porter (B. C). 73. Carex pedunculata Muhl. M. p. 214. Dry woods. Early summer. 5«cfcs— Quakertown Moyer (P.). Lancaster— {P.). Berks— (P.). New Castle— Belovf High Bridge, Canby. 74. Carex pedicellata (Dewey) Britton. M. p. 214. Dry soil. Earlj summer. Philadelphia — (P.). Bucks — Durham (Fr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — (P.) . Hunterdon — Byram (C). 75. Carex Pennsylvanica Lam. M. p. 214. Dry soil. Spring. 76. Carex varia Muhl. M. p. 214. Dry soil. Early summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C). Bucks — Argus, Tullytown (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— 'Bryn Mawr (Te). Delaware —Palmers Mills, Upper Providence (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Chester— Valley Forge (He.). Lancaster— Lancaster (Kr.). Berks— (P.). Northamp- ton—Easton, Porter (B. C.) (Ca.). New Jersey— Freqaent. New Cast Ze— Frequent. 77. Carex albicans Willd. M. p. 215. Dry soil. Spring. Bwcl's— Tullytown, Bicknell (Fr.). 78. Carex nigro-marginata Schwein. M. p. 215. Dry soil. Early summer. Bucks — Durham, Euth (P.). Montgomery — WiUow Grove (P.)- Northampton — (P.) . New Jersey— Frequent. New CastZe— Rockland, Richardsons Mill, Townsend, Commons. 79. Carex umbellata Schk. M. p. 215. Dry soil. Early summer. Philadelphia— {P .) . Bucks— Argus, Penn Valley (Cr.), Lancaster — (P.). Northampton— (P.). New Jersey — Common. New CostZe— Brandywine, Canby; Centerville, Commons, 80. Carex pubescens Muhl. M. p. 215. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— Bjherrj, Mart. (B. C), above Manayunk (He.), Shaw- mont (Sa.), Germantown (St.), Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks— Argua, Tullytown (Cr.), 3-mile Run (Fr.). Montgomery— {P.). Delaware— Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Lewis MiU, Crum Creek (VP.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— {P.). Northampton— Baston, Porter (B. C.) . GZoMcester— Swedesboro (Li.), ffwiterdoji — Rosemont (C). New Castle— Br andywine etc. Frequent. 81. Carex Willdenovii Schk. M. p. 216. Dry woods and thicket*. Early summer. Bucks— Bock Hill (Fr.). Loncosfer — Lancaster, Porter (B. C). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester — Woodbury (C). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C), Milford, Porter (Fu.). CYPEBACEAE. 85 New Castle— Mount Cuba, Wilmington, Commons. 82. Carex Jamesii Schwein. M. p. 216. Dry woods and thickets. Spiring. Montgomery— Betzwood (Or.). Lancaster— MiHerBville, A. P. Gather (B. C). Dauphin— {P.). 83. Carex leptalea Wahl. M. p. 217. Bogs and swamps. Summer. Bucks— Bm<± Hill (Fr.). Belaxvar€—{P.). Chester— (P.). Lanoas- ter— Christiana (St.). Berfcs— Hamburg (He.) (Ke.) (St.). North- ampton— Easton, Porter (B. C). Gloucester— 'i^iea.r Miekleton (He.). New Cosfie— Frequent. 84. Carex exilis Dewey. M. p. 217. Bogs. Summer. Loncas^er— Lancaster (Kr,). Burlington— Jia.ixo\er, Pleasant Mills (C). Gioticester— Swedesboro (Li.), ^ftow^tc— Absecon (C), Egg Harbor, Br. J. B. Brinton (He.), Hammonton (Sa.). Ocea?i — Manchester, Burrsville, Toms River (C). Monmoiith— Shark River (C). 85. Carex conjuncta Boott. M. p. 219. Moist meadows and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— Banks of SchuylkiU (He.). 86. Carex stipata Muhl. M. p. 219. Swamps and wet meadows. Early summer. Philadelphia— Girard Point (Ke.), Germantown (St.). JB«cfes— Near Sellersville (Fr.), Bonair (Sa.). Montgomery— 'WiUow Grove (U. C. S.). Ddoware— Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.). NorthamiJton— 'Easton, Porter (B. C). Neiv Jersey — Common. New Castle— Common. 87. Carex teretiuscula Gooden. M. p. 219. Swamps and wet meadows. Early summer. Gloucester— 'Near Miekleton (He.). 88. Carex alopecoidea Tuckerm. M, p. 220. Meadows. Lancaster — (P.) . 89. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. M. p. 220. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. 90. Carex xanthocarpa Bicknell. M. p. 220. Fields. Summer. Bucks— Argns (Fr.). 90a. Carex xanthocarpa annectens Bicknell. M. p. 220. Fields. Summer. Bwcfcs— TuUytown, Bicknell (Fr.). 91. Carex rosea Schk. M. p. 221. Woods and thickets. Early summer. 91o. Carex rosea radiata Dewey. M. p. 221. Open places and woods. Early summer. P7ntode^p/iia— Germantown (St.). Suets— Argus, Penn Valley (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— {P.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle — Common. 85 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 92. (Jarex retroflexa Muhl. M. p. 221. Woods and thickets. Early summer. Bucks— Rock Hill (Ft.). Delaware— VpTper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Crum Creek (St.). Lancaster — Lancaster, Porter (B.C.). North- ami)ton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Camden — Ancora (Li.). Monmouth — Squan (C). Hunterdon— Mosq- mont (C). New Castle — Similar situations as C. rosea. Scarce. 93. Carex sfarganioides Muhl. M. p. 222. Woods and thickets. Siunmer. Philadelphia— ^\ia,y^^mont (Sa.), Flat Eock Dam (VP.). Bucks— Harrs Dam (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.). Mo7itgomery — Pencoyd (Te.). Delaware— YaWej of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster — Lancaster (Kr.). Nortluimpton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Camden — Haddonfield (St.). Gloucester — Swedeeboro (Li.). New Castle — Mount Cuba (Ke.), Centerville, Commons. 94. Carex cephaloidea Dewey. M. p. 222. Dry fields and on hills. Early summer. Bxhcks-RocM. Hill, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Lancaster (P.). Lehigh — Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Gloucester— Hwedeshoro (Li.). 95. Carex cephalophora Muhl. M. p. 222. Dry fields and on hills. Early summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B, C), Banks of Schuylkill (He.), Ger- mantown (St.), Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks — Penn Valley (Cr.), near Sellei-sville, Eock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— {P.). Delaicare — Wawa (Sa.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St.). Chester — Westtown (St.), Paoli (Te.). Le/ii^/i— Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton -(P.). New Jersey — Frequent. New Castle — Frequent. 96. Carex Muhlenbergii Schk. M. p. 222. Dry fields and on hills. Early summer. Philadelphia — Bjhexr J, MaH. (B. C). Bucks — ^ear Sellersville (Fr.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster — Lancaster (Kr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Camden — GriflBths Swamp (C). Gloucester— l>i ear Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Cas^ie— Frequent. 96a. Carex Muhlenbergii Xalapensis (Kunth.) Britton. M. p. 222. Dry fields. Summer. Philadelphia— (P.). Bucks — Eock Hill, Point Pleasant (Fr.). Northampton — Yiaston, Porter (B. C). 97. Carex sterilis Willd. M. p. 223. Moist soil. Early summer. ^Mcfes — Eock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery — {P.). Detoware — Spring- field (B. Sm.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster— (P.). Berks— (P.). North- ampton-{P.). New Jersey— Frequent. CYPEBACEAE. 8^ y7o. GAi?Ex STERiLis cEPHAX,ANTHA Bailey. M. p. 223. Moist soil. Early summer. Chester— {F.). Lane-aster— {P.). Giowcesier— Mickleton, common (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). 98. Carex Atlantica Bailey. M. p. 223. Swamps. Summer. Buds — TuUytown ( Fr. ) . Burlington — Atsion, Quaker Bridge (C), Bear Swamp (St.). C'awdeJi— Longacoming (C), Ancora (He.). Gicmt^asier— Swedeeboro (Li.). Atla7itic—M.a.jB Landing (Fr.), Hammonton (Sa.). Ocean— Toms Kiver (C). 99. Cakex interior Bailey. M. p. 223. Wet soil. Early summer. ^itcArs — Rock Hill, Argus (Fr.). Delaivare — (F.). Lancaster — Dillerville Swamp (P.). 100. Carex canescens. L. M. p. 233. Swamps and bogs. Early summer. Northampton — (P.). New Jersey — Common. New Casiie— Blackbird, Commons. 101a. Carex brunnescens gracilior Britton. M. p. 224. Wet pUicee. Summer. Gloucester — HwedeehoTO (lii.) . — Atlantic — Egg Harbor, Hammon- ton (Sa.). 102. Carex trisperma Dewey. M. p. 225. Swamps and wet woods. Summer. CcwideJi — Spring Garden (C), Cedar Brook (Cr.). Gloucester — Malaga (C). Cape May— DennisviWe (C). Ocean— Manchester (C). 103. Carex bromoides Schk. M. p. 225. Bogs and swampe. Summer. 5i(cA's — Quakertown (Cr.), near SeUersville (Fr.). Cheetar—{P.). Lancaster— {F.). N ortliampton- {F .) . Gloucester— 'Re^a.xypo (Ja.). CmM6erZa«d— Manumuskin (U. C. S.). Hunterdon — Eosemont ( C. ) . 104. Carex siccata Dewey. M. p. 226. Dry fields and on hUls. Early summer. Northampton — Bethlehem (P.). 105. Carex tribuloides Wahl. M. p. 226. Meadows. Summer. Philadelphia — ByhQrrj, Mart. (B. C). Bwcfcs — SeUersville (Fr.). Detoware— Tinicum (St.). Chester— {F.). Lancaster— Lancaster (Kr.). jSer^s— Hamburg (He.). Northampton— {F.) . Can^ den— Camden (C), Gloucester (Sa.). G^oMces/er— Miekleton, Mul- lica Hill (He.), Repaupo (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle — Common. 105a. Carex tribuloides Bebbii Bailey. M. p. 226. Range of type. Summer. ^McAs— SeUersville (Fr.). 106. Carex scoparia Schk. M. p. 226. Moist soil. Summer. 107. Carex cristatella Britton. M. p. 227. Meadows and thickets. Summer. gg FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Biicfcs— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— MarY>\e (B. Sm.). Lan- caster—(P.). 5er As— Hamburg (He.)- Northa7npto7i—{P.). New Castle— B-armonj, Ashland, Canby. 108. Carex adusta Boott. M. p. 227. Dry soil. Summer, Philadeljyhia— Andalusia. Lancaster— laancaster (Kr.). Gloucester SwedeshoTO (Li). Hunterdon— 'Rosemont (C). 109. Carex foenea Willd. M. p. 227. Dry woods and on rocks. Summer. Bucks — Penn Valley (Cr.), TuUytown (Cr.). Delaware — Tinicum (Sa.). Chester— (P.). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester— Near Mickleton (He.). New Castle— Townsend, Collins, Wills Eock, etc. 109o. Carex foenea perplexa Bailey. M. p. 227. Dry woods and on rocks. Summer, iancasfer— York Furnace (Cr.). Northampton— (P.). 110. Carex straminea Willd. M, p. 227. Dry fields. Summer. llOo. Carex straminea mirabilis (Dewey) Tuckerm. M. p. 227. Dry fields. Summer. Gloucester— 'Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). 111. Carex silicea Olney. M. p. 227. Sands of the sea-eoaats. Summer. New Jersey — Frequent. 112. Carex tenera Dewey. M. p. 227. Wet soil. Spring. Bwcfcs — Quakertown, Mart. (B. C), Sellersville, Tullytown (Fr.). Delaware— (P.). Northami^ton-'Easton (Ca.). Burlington— (Quaker Bridge. Cape Mai/— Wildwood (He.). 112a. Carex tenera invisa (W. Boott.) Britton. M. p. 228. Swales near the seaeoast. Delaware— Glenoldeu, Dr. J. B. Brinton (P.). 113. Carex festucacea Willd. M. p. 228. Dry or moist soil. Early summer. Philadelphia— Bjherry, Mart. (B. C). Buclcs— Point Pleasant, Penn Valley (Fr.). Delaware- Tinicum (St.). N orthampton— {P .) . Gloucester— HwedeshoTo (Li.). Cape May— Avalon, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). New Castle— Freqaent. 114. Carex alata Torr. M. p. 228. Moist soil. Spring. Bwcfcs— Bristol, Tullytown (Fr.). Montgomery— {P.). Camden— Gvenioch (He.). Gloucester— Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May —Holly Beach, Cape May (He.), Wildwood (Ja.) (Li.). Atlantic — Atlantic City (C). 115. Carex albolutescens Schwein. M. p. 228. Wet soil. Early summer. BwcArs— Nockamixon (He.). New Jersey— Freqaent. Order 4. ARALES. Inflorescence a fleshy spadix. Fam. 1. Araceae. Inflorescence a few or solitary flowers ou margin or back of minute thallus. Fam. 2. Lemnaceae. AKACEAE. 89 Family 1. ARACEAE Neck. Arum Family. llowers without a perianth. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, borne at the base of the spadix. 1. Arisaema, Flowers monoecious, covering the whole spadix. 2. Peltandra. Flowers with a perianth. ISpadix enclosed in a shell-like fleshy spathe. 3. Spathyemcu Spadix naked, terminating the scape. 4. Orontium. Spadix naked, borne at the base of a leaf-like spathe. 5. Acorus. 1. ARISAEMA Mart. Spathe hooded, open at the throat, enclosing the spadix. Hood of spathe striped ; spadix stout, club-shaped. 1. A. triphyllum. Hood of spathe deep brown to black; spadix slender, cylindric. 2. A. pusillum. Spathe convolute; summit of the spadix exserted. 3. A. Dracontium. 1. Arisaema "^triphyllum (L.) Torr. JacJc-in-the-Pulpit, Indian Turnip. M. p. 229. Rich woods. Spring. 2. Arisaema pusillum Peck. M. p. 229. Shaded bogs. Spring. Mo7itgomery— Flat Eock (Br.). Chester— W. Bradford (St.). Lan- caster— Christiana (St.). Burlington— Mediord (Br.). Camden — Clementon (Br.), Haddonfield (St.). Gloucester— Tornlin (St.). Oceaw— Point Pleasant (Wn.). 3. Arisaema Dracontium (L.) Schott. Green Dragon, Dragon-root. M. p. 230. Wet woods and along streams. Spring. Philadelphia— Below Schuylkill, Mart. (B. C), Chews Woods (Je.), Eobinson Knoll (Te.). 5«c/i:s— Sellersville (Fr.), Neshaminy (Re.). Montgomery— 'PeTkiomen (Cr.), Sumneytown (Ke.), Ivy Rock (Wn.). Delaware— 'Ridley and Crum Creeks, Darby (Fu.), Lansdowne (He.) (Pe.) (Wn.), Haverford College (Le.), Swarthmore (Pe.) (Sa.) (Wn.), Media (Sa.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Chester (W. Tr.). Ches- ter— Chester Valley near Malvern, Valley Forge (Le.). Lehigh — Low- lands, Coplay (Kr.). Dauphin —Bteeltou (Wn.). Burlington — Bordentown (C). Camden — Haddonfield (C). Hun- terdon—Holland Station, Ridge Island, High Bridge (C). New Castle— Mount Cuba (Ha.) (Ke.), Wilmington (Wn.), near Granogue, Red Clay Creek, etc. 2. PELTANDRA Raf. 1. Peltandra Virginica (L.) Kuntze. Arroiv Arum. M. p. 230. Swamps and shallow water. Early summer. 3. SPATHYEMA Raf. 1. Spathyema foetida (L.) Raf. Slunk Cabbage. M. p. 231. Bogs or moist ground. Early spring. 4. ORONTIUM L. 1. Orontium aquaticum L. Golden Club. M. p. 231. Swamps and ponds. Spring. Philadelphia— Byherr J, Mart. (B. C), Neck (Cr.), Holmesburg Junc- tion (Ws.). Bucks— Boek Hill (Fr.), Sellersville (Wn.). Montgomery —Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware— Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.), 90 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Crhester (W. Tr.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster— (.P.). Lehigh — H-aIb- burg, Jordan (Kr.). Northami)ton — (P.)- New Jersey aud New Castle — Frequent. 5. ACORUS L. 1. ACORUS Calamus L. Sweet Flag. Calamus. M. p. 231. Swamps and along streams. Summer. Family 2. LEMNACEAE Dumort. Duckweed Family. Thallus with one root or several. Koots several. 1. Spirodela. Koot solitary. 2. Lemna. I'hallus rootless. 3. Wolffia. 1. SPIEODELA Schleid. i. Spirodela POLYRHizA (L.) Schleid. M. p. 232. Ponds and pools. Summer. 2. LEMNA L. Duck-weed. Thalli long-stipitate. 1. L. trisulca. Thalli short-stipitate or sessile. Spathe open. 2. L. perpusilla. Spathe sac-like. 3. L. minor. 1. Lemna trisulca L. M. p. 232. Ponds and springy places. Summer. Philadelphia— FranMord, Jesse BurJc (B. C). Bucks— In shallow pond in Trap Rock Region (Fr.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster— {P.). Northampton — (P.). 2. Lemna perpusilla Torr. M. p. 232. Ponds and springs. Summer. Northa7npton— (P.) . New Castle— Ditches near Edgemoor, New Castle, Commons (now extinct there). 3. Lemna mikur L. M. p. 233. Stagnant water. Summer. 3. WOLFFIA Horkel. 1. Wolffia Columbiana Karst. M. p. 234. Floating beneath the surface of stagnant water. Summer. Philadelphia— '^eck (Cr.). ^wcA-s— Tullytown (Cr.). C«/ndeH — Kaighn's Point (C). 6'aZem— Jumbo Station (He.), W. of Fedricktown (Li.). Neiv Casiie— Ditches and Canal Coves. Order 5. XYRIDALES- Ovary 1-celled. Erect-scapose rush-like herbs; flowers in terminal scaly heads or spikes. Fam. 1. Xyridaceae. Mud or aquatic herbs, the flowers subtended by spathes (Heteranthera in Pontederiaceae). Ovary 2-3-celled. Flowers very small, densely capitate, monojcious or dioecious. Fam. 2. Eriocaulaceae. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 2 series of parts, the outer (sepals) green, the inner (petals) colored. Fam. 3. Commelinaceae. Perianth 6-parted. Fam. 4. Pontederiaceae. KKIOCAULACEAE. 91 Family!. XYRIDACEAE Lindl. Yellow-eyed Grass Family. 1. XYRIS L. Yellow-eyed Grass. Lateral 8ej)als wingless, the keel friuged with short hairs. 1. X. flexuosa. Lateral sepals winged, the keel fimbriate or lacerate. Scapes not bulbous-thickened at the base ; leaves flat or but slightly twisted. Lateral sepals about as long as the bracts, their keels lacerate. 2. X. Caroliniana. Lateral sepals longer than the bracts, their keels long-fimbriate. 3. X, -fimhriata. Scapes conspicuously bulbous-thickened at the base ; leaves spirally twisted. 4. X. conocephala. 1. Xykis flexuosa Muhl. M. p. 235. Bogs. Summer. 2. Xyris Caroliniana Walt. M. p. 236. Swamps and bogs. Summer. Philadelphia — Wissahickon (i\le.). Delaware — Tin'mum., Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.). C/iesJer— Coatesville, II. K. Stone (B. C). Lancaster — (?.)• Burlington — Atsion (Fr.). Camden— Camden, Mart. (B. C), Ateo (Fr.), Cedar Brook (Ja.). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.), Repaupo (Ja.), Tomlin (Ke.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May — Cape May (Te.). Atlantic— Egg Harhor (Sa.) (Wn.). Ocemi— Forked Eiver (Le.) (Mac). New Castle — Thorn jisons, Ogletown, etc. 3. Xyris fimbfjata Ell. M. p. 236. Wet pine barrens. Summer. Btirlingtov— Quaker Bridge, E. Diffenbaugh (B. C.) (Fu.) Atsion, Jackson (C). Gloucester — Paulsboro (Ja.), Repaupo (Li.). Atlantic — Hammonton (C), Egg Harbor (Mac). 4. Xyris conocephala Sauv. M. p. 236. In dry pine-ban-ens. Early summer. Burlington — Batsto, Taunton (C), Woodmansie (He.). Atlantic Hammonton (Cr.). Ocean — Forked River (He.). Family 2. ERIOCAULA.OEAE Liiidl. Pipe- wort Family. I. ERIOCAULON L. Pipe-wort. Leaf -blades as long as the sheaths, coarsely 3-9-fenestrate-nerved; scapes 7-angled ; heads 3-6 mm. in diameter. Heads densely pubescent, outer flowers spreading, scales reflexed, scape slender. 1. E. septangulare. Heads nearly smooth, flowers and scales all erect, scapes stout. 2. E. Parkeri. Leaf-hlades shorter than the sheaths, finely 6-20-fenestrate-nerved ; scapes 10-12-angled; heads 6-12 mm. in diameter. 3. E, compressum. Leaf-blades much longer than the sheaths, finely 10-50-nerved; scapes 10-14- angled; heads 8-lG mm. in diameter. 4. E. decangulare. 1. Eriocaulon septangulare With. M. p. 237. In ponds or along their borders. Summer. £mcAs— Bristol, Mart. (Fr.). New Jersey — Common. Neiv Castle — River shore and St. George's. 92 FLORA OF PHILADELFEIA. 2. Eriocaulon Parkeri Eobinson. M. p. 1052; 2cl ed. Tidal river shores. Late summer. Philadelphia— Andalusia (Br.), Torresdale (Wn.), Camden— Camden, above Cooper's Creek (Br.). 3. Eriocaulon compressum Lam. M. p. 237. Pine-barren swamps. Sum- mer. New Jersey — Frequent. 4. Eriocaulon decangulare L. M. p. 237. Burli7igton— (Quaker Bridge (Fr.), Atsion (He.) (Le.) (Te.). Camden Atco (Gi.), Cedar Brook (Mac), Berlin (Te.). Cape May—Bees\ej9 Point. Atlantic — May 's Landing (He.) (Li.), Baker's Pond (Li.). Ocean— Forked Eiver (Cr.), Tuckerton (Sts.) (Te.), Manchester (Te.). Family 3. COMMELINACEAE Reichenb. Spiderwort Family. Perfect stamens 3, rarely 2; petals unequal; bracts spathe-like. 1. Commelina. Perfect stamens 6, rarely 5; petals all aliie; bracts leaf -like. 2. Tradescantia. 1. COMMELINA L. Day-flowek. Spathes not united at the base. ISpathes acuminate; capsules 3-celled, 5-seeded. 1. C. nudiflora, Spathes acute; capsules 2-celled, 4-seeded. 2. C. communis. Spathes with united bases. All three cavities of the ovary with 2 ovules. Capsules 2-valved, dorsal cavity indehiscent. 3. C. Virginica. Capsules 3-valved, all cavities dehiscent. 4. C. erecta. Ventral cavities of the ovary with 2 ovules, dorsal cavity with one ovule. 5. C. hirtella. 1. Commelina nudiflora L. M. p. 239. Alluvial banks and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— Wiasahickon (Cr.), Fairmount Park (Gi.). Delaware — Tinicum, T. C. Palmer (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester — (P.). N ortJuimpt on — Eaaton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). i^MrZtn^ion— Moorestown, Beverly (C). Cawden— Merchantville (C), Kaighns Point (Wn.). G^OMcesier— Woodbury (C), Center Square near Miekleton (He.), Swcdesboro (Li.). Salem— Penns Grove (C). At- lantic—Atlantic City (C), Absecon, Egg Harbor (Wn.). 2. Commelina communis L. M. p. 240. Waste places. Summer and autumn. JBticfcs— Sellersville, Tullytown (Fr.). Lancaster— (P.). Northamp- ton— (P.). Dauphin — Harrisburg (P.). 3. Commelina Virginica L. M. p. 240. Moist soil. Summer. 4. Commelina erecta L. M. p. 240. Moist soil. Summer. Lancaster— Peach Bottom (Ca.). Camden — Kaighns Point (C). 5. Commelina hirtella Vahl. M. p. 240. Moist soil. Summer and autumn. Lancaster— On the Susquehanna (P.). JUNCACEAE. 93 2. TRADESCANTIA L. 1. Tbadescaijtia Virginiana L. Spiderwort. M. p. 241. Rich soil. Smnmer. Family 4. PONTEDERIACEAE Dumort. Pickerel weed Family. Flowers 2-lipped, stamens 6; fruit a 1-seeded utricle. 1. Pontederia. Flowers regular; stamens 3; fruit a many-seeded capsule. 2. Heteranthera. 1. PONTEDERIA L. 1. Pontederia cordata L. Pickerel-weed. M. p. 243. Borders of ponds and streams. Sunuaer. la. Pontederia cordata lancifolia (Muhl.) Morong. M, p. 243. Borders of ponds and streams. Summer. Pliiladeliihia— T>e\avf are river near the city (Cr.). Lehigh— (P.). Burlington— Q^usikeT Bridge (C), Atsion (Fr.). Gloucester— FraxikUji (C), Washington Park (Ja.). 2. HETERANTHERA R. & P. Leaves mostly reniform, sometimes cordate-ovate. 1. H. reniformis. Leaves linear, grass-like, floating. 2. H. dubia. 1. Heteranthera reniformis R. & P. Mud Plantain. M. p. 243. Mud or shallow water. Summer. 2. Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. M. p. 243. Still water. Summer. Order 6. LILIALES. Ovary superior (except in Aletr-is of the Liliaceae). Perianth-segments distinct, green or brown, not petal-like; herbs with grass-like leaves and small flowers. Fam. 1. Juncaceae. Perianth-segments distinct, or partly united, at least the inner petal-like. Fruit a capsule. Capsule mostly septicidal; plants rarely bulbous. Fam. 2, Melanthaceae. Capsule loculicidal ; plants mostly bulbous. Fam. 3. Liliaceae. Fruit a fleshy berry. Erect herbs, tendrils none ; flowers perfect. Fam. 4. Convallariaceae. Vines, climbing by tendrils, or rarely erect; flowers dioecious, in axillary umbels. Fam. 5. Smilaceae. Ovary inferior, wholly or in part. Stamens 3, opposite the inner corolla-segments, Fam. 6. Haemodoraceae. Stamens 6. Erect perennial herbs ; flowers perfect. Fam. 7. Amaryllidaceae. Twining vines; flowers dioecious. Fam. 8. Dioscoreaceae. Stamens 3, opposite the outer corolla-segments. Fam. 9. Iridaceae. Family 1. JUNCACEAE Vent. Rush Family. Leaf -sheaths open; capsule 1-3-eelled, many-seeded; placentae parietal or axial. 1, Juncus. Leaf -sheaths closed; capsule 1-celled, 3-seeded, its placenta basal. 2. Juncoidea. 94 FLOE A OF PHILADELPHIA. 1. JUNCUS L. Rush, Bog-eush. Lowest leaf of the inflorescence terete, not conspicuously channeled, erect, appearing like a continuation of the stem, the inflorescence therefore appearing lateral, stem leaves none. Perianth-parts green, or in age straw-colored. 1. J. efusus. Perianth-parts with a chestnut-brown stripe down either side of the midrib. 2. J. Balticus. Lowest leaf of the inflorescence not appearing like a continuation of the stem, or if so, conspicuously channeled along the upper side, the in- florescence usually appearing terminal. Leaf -blade transversely flattened (inserted with its flat surface facing the stem), or terete and channeled, not provided with septa. Flowers bracteolate, inserted singly on the branches of the in- florescence, sometimes clustered or congested, but never in true heads. Annual; inflorescence, exclusive of its leaves, more than one- third the height of the plant. 3. J. bufonius. Perennial ; inflorescence, excluding leaves, not one-third the height of the plant. Leaf-blade flat, but sometimes involute in drying. Gauline leaves 1 or 2, rarely wanting; perianth-parts obtuse. 4. J. Gerardi. Gauline leaves none ; perianth-parts acute or acuminate. Inflorescence usually much . exceeded by its low- est leaf; flowers seldom plainly secund; peri- anth 3.5-5.5 mm. long, usually exceeding the capsule ; capsule obovoid, broadly rounded at apex, the placentae intruded half way to the axis. 5. J. tenuis. Inflorescence rarely exceeded by its lowest leaf; flowers plainly secund on the branches; peri- anth 2.5-4 mm. long, equalling the capsule, capsule oblong, 3-sided, truncate at the apex; placentae meeting at the axis. 6. J. secundus. Leaf -blade terete, channeled along the upper side. Lowest leaf of inflorescence not four lengths of the panicle; capsule oblong to obovoid. Perianth 2.5-3 mm. long, -|)lainly exceeded by the capsule. 7. J. Greenei. Perianth 3.5-4 mm. long, not exceeded by the capsule. 8. J. dichotomus. Lowest leaf of the inflorescence rarely less than four times as long as the panicle ; capsule globose-ovoid. 9. J. setaceus. Flowers not bracteolate, in true heads on branches of the inflor- escence. 10. J. marginatns. Leaf -blade not transversely flattened, commonly terete, hollow, provided with septa. Stamens 6, one opposite each perianth-part. Heads reduced to one, or rarely two flowers. 11. J. pelocarpus. Heads 2-many-flowered. Epidermis not roughened. Plants with two kinds of leaves, one normal, the other basal, submerged, and capillary. 12. J. militaris. Plants without submerged capillary leaves. Capsule oblong, either abruptly acuminate or bluntly acute. 13. J. articulattis. Capsule subulate. JVNCACEAE. 95 Leaf -blades erect ; inner perianth-parts longei^ than the outer. 14. J. nodosus. Leaf-blades abruptly divergent from the stem; outer perianth-parts longer than the inner. 15. J. Torrei/i. Epidermis of the leaves roughened with minute tubercles. 16. J. Caesariensis. Stamens 3, none opposite the inner perianth-parts. Capsule tapering evenly into a prominent subulate beak. 17. J. scirpoides. Capsule obtuse to acute at the apex, sometimes mucronate, but not prolonged into a beak. Seed 0.6-2 mm. long. Perianth about 2 mm. long, the fruiting head not more than 4 mm. high. 18. J. brachycephalus. Perianth 3-4 mm. long, or if shorter, the fruiting head 4 mm. high or more. 19. J. Canadensis. Seed 0.4-0.5 mm. long. 20. /. acuminatus. 1. JuNCUs EFFUSUS L. M. p. 246. Marshy ground. Summer. 2. JuNCUS Balticus Willd. M. p. 247. On shores. Summer. Lancaster — Dillerville Swamp (P.). 3. JuNCUs BUFONius L. M. p. 247. Low grounds. Summer. 4. JuNCUs Gerardi Lois. M. p. 248. Salt marshes. Summer. Belaware — Newtown, Serpentine, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.). New Jersey — Frequent. New Casfie— Collins and Wilmington. 5. JuNCUS TENUIS Willd. M. p. 248. Fields and roadsides. Summer, 6. JuNCUS SECUNDUS Beauv. M. p. 248. Dry soil. Summer. ^ticits— Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— ^nvanQjtovm (VPj). Lan- caster—{P.). Neiv Castle — Serpentine, Commons ; Highlands, Canby. 7. JuNCUS Greenei Oakes and Tuekerm. M. p. 248. Near the coast. Summer. Middlesex— Burts' Creek and Sayreville (C). 8. JuNCUS DICHOTOMUS Ell. M. p. 249. Dry soil near the coast. Summer. Bucks— Bristol, Tullytown, Point Pleasant (Fr.). Montgomery — (P.)- Belaware— Tinicum, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Camden — Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester— Qwedeshoro (Li.), Timber Creek (Te.). Cape May— KoWy Beach, Anglesea (He.), Cape May (Te.). Monmouth — Sandy Hook (C), Seabright (Ke.). New Castle— Near Wilmington, Collins, Commons. 9. JuNCus setaceus Rostk, M. p. 249. Near the coast. Summer. Belaware— Tinicum, Br. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). 10. JuNCUS marginatus Rostk. M. p. 249. Grassy places. Summer. lOo. JuNCUS MARGINATUS ARISTULATUS (Michx.) CoviUe. M. p. 249. Moist sandy places, mostly near the coast. Summer. DeZawm-e— Upper Darby, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Burlington— Aision (Fr.). Cape Ifay— Dennisville, E. Bifenbatigh (B. C), Wildwood, Holly Beach (He.), Cape May (Te.). Atlantic— Atlantic City, Landisville (C). Monmouth Seahright (C). New Castle — Shelpot Creek, Collins, Commons. 96 FLORA OF FUILADKLFHIA. 11. JuNCUS PELOCAKPUS E. Meyer. M. . p. 250. Sandy, wet, or swampy places. Summer. New Jersey— Fine-harrens. Frequent. 12. JuNCUS MiLiTARis Bigel. M. p. 250. Bogs and streams. Summer. Burlingto7i—Aision, Mart. (B. C), Wading River, Atsion River (C), Brown Mills (Li.) (Te.), Stafford Forge (St.). Cape Mai/ — Seaville (C). Atlantic— Ilgg Harbor River (C), May's Landing (He.). Ocean —Toms River, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Manchester (C). 13. JuNCUs ARTicuLATUS L. M. p. 251. Wet grounds. Summer. Montgomery — Willow Grove (Mac). Camden— Petty 's Island (C). Cape May — Ocean City (He.). 14. JuNCUS NODOSUS L. M. p. 251. Bogs. Summer. Bucks — Point Pleasant (Fr.). Lancaster— (F.). Northampton— {P.). 15. JuNCUS ToRREYi Coville. M. p. 251. Ballast. Summer. Camden— Fettj 's Island (C). 16. JuNCUS Caesariensis Coville. M. p. 251. Sandy swamps. Summer. Burli7i gt 071 — (Quaker Bridge, Atsion River (C). Camden — Haddon- field, Mart. (B. C), Griffith's Swamp (C). ^f/a?;etaware— Tinicum (Fu.). New Jersey— Frequent. 19a. JuNCUs Canadensis subcaudatus Engelm. M. p. 252. Moist soil. Summer. i5McA;s— Durham, Eiith (P.). Northampton — (P.). Camden — Camden (C). Atlantic — Landisville (C), May's Landing (Li.). Momnouth—Jled. Bank (C). New Castle— Common. 19ft. JuNCUs Canadensis brevicatjdatus Engelm. M. p. 252. Moist soil. Summer. Lancaster— (F.). Camden— Kieo (Gi.). 20. JuNCUS ACUMINATUS Michx. M. p. 252. Wet sandy soil. Summer. 20a. JuNCUS ACUMINATUS DEBiLis (A. Gray.) Engelm. M. p. 252. Wet, sandy soil. Summer. Bticfcs— Landisville (Fr.). Lancaster— (P.). Burlington — Atsion (He.), Brown Mills (Te.). Gloucester — Qenier Square (He.). (SaZem— Riddleton (Li.). Cumberland— "H-aXeyviWe (C). Cape May— Dennisville {V.). Orca?!— Forked River (He.). MELANTHACEAE. 97 New CostJe— Frequent. 2. JUNCOIDES Adans. Wood-rush. Inflorescence umbelloid, 1 or 2 flowers on each of its branches. 1. J. pilosum. Inflorescence paniculate, the flowers however appearing crowded in spike- like clusters. 2. J. campestre. 1. JuNCOiDES PILOSUM (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 253. Moist woods. Spring. Buds— Argus (Br.) (Fr.). Montgomery— Sunmeytown (Wn.). 2. JuNCOiDES CAMPESTRE (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 254. Moist fields and woods. Spring. Family 2. MELANTHACEAE R. Br. Bunchflower Family. Flowers numerous in terminal erect racemes or panicles. Anthers oblong or ovate, 2-celled. Anthers introrsely dehiscent. 1. Abama. Anthers extrorsely dehiscent. Flowers perfect. Stem very leafy; leaves linear; seeds few. 2. Xerophyllum. Leaves basal, oblanceolate ; seeds numerous. 3. Helonias. Flowers dioecious; stem leafy. 4. Ch-amaelirium, Anthers cordate or reniform, confluently 1-eelled. Plants glabrous. Perianth-segments not gland-bearing. Flowers perfect; perianth-segments obtuse. 5. Chrosperma. Flowers polygamous; perianth-segments acuminate. 6. Stenantliium. Perianth-segments bearing 1 or 2 glands, or a spot. 7. Zygadenus. Stem and inflorescence pubescent. Perianth-segments clawed, free from the ovary. 8. Melanthium. Perianth-segments not clawed, adnate to the base of the ovary. 9. Veratrum. Flowers solitary, terminal or opposite the leaves, drooping. 10. Uvularia. 1. ABAMA Adans. 1. Abama Americana (Ker.) Morong. Bog-Asphodel. M. p. 255. Pine- barren swamps. Summer. Burlington— Atsion, C. F. ParJcer (B. C), Batsto, MuUica Eiver (C), Quaker Bridge, Jones' Mill (St.). Gloucester— WoodhuTj (C). Atlan- tic—Fleasant Mills (C). Ocean— Forked Eiver, Barnegat, Toms River (C). New Castle— Hailroad side, Vandyke, Commons and Tatnall. 2. XEROPHYLLUM Michx. 1. Xerophyllum asphodeloioes (L.) Nutt. TurTcey-Beard. M. p. 256. Pine-barrens. Spring. New Jersey— Frequent. 98 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. HELONIAS L. 1. Helonias bullata L. Stvamp Pink. M. p. 256. Bogs. Spring. Burlington — Medf or d. (Re.). Caw deu — Cedar Brook (Cr.) (He.) (Mac), Clementoii (Je.) (Re.) (Sa.), Gloucester (Sa.), Haddonfield (U. C. S.), Berlin (Te.), Lucaston (VP.). Gloucester— Bed Bank, E. Difen- baugh (B. C), Wenonah (Gi.), Mickleton (He.), Washington Park (Ja.), Westville (Re.) (Wn.). Salem— BuTetovfii, Berkley (Wa.). Cuinber- ia?ifZ — Millville (Ke.). Mercer — Princeton Junction (G.), Princeton (Te.). Monmouth— Freehold (C.). Ocea«— Manchester, Collier's Mills (C). Middlesex— South Amboy (C). New Castle — 'Near Wilmington (Le.), Peach's, Tatnall; Farnhurst, Purgatory Swamp near Cooch 's. Commons and Tatnall, rare. 4. CHAMAELIRIUM Willd. 1. CHAMAELIRIUM LUTEUM (L.) A. Gray. Devil's Bit. M. p. 256. Low ground. Spring. Philadelphia— Byherry, Mart. (B. C), Wissahickon (Je.) (Re.), Ger- mantown Lane (Me.), Old York Road, Cobb's Creek, Sellers' Mill (Te.). Smc^s— Plumsteadville (Fr.), Bycot (Ja.). Mo/i^^'omerT/— Shannonville (Cr.), Ivy Rock (Wn.). Delaware — Cheynej (Gi.), Williamson, Dr. Emily G. Hunt (He.), Wawa (Ja.), Burmont (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), near Darby, Media (Sa.), barrens of Middletown (B. Sm.), Kellyville, Greenwood near Media (Te.), Concord (W. Tr.), Castle Rock (VP.), Wallingford, Chad's Ford (Wn.). C/iester— Westtown (Ha.) (Le.), W. Bradford (St.), Greentree (Te.). Lancaster— {P.). Lehigh— l^ehigh. Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— F^SiSton, Porter (B. C), Bethlehem (Kr.). New Jersei/— Frequent. New Cas//e— Guyancourt, Mount Cuba, becoming rare. Formerly found frequently at hilltop near Brewery. 5. CHROSPERMA Raf. 1. Chrosperma muscaetoxicum (Walt.) Kuutze. Fly-Poison. M. p. 257. Dry, sandy woods. Early summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C), Willow Grove Ave., Chestnut Hill (Je.), Germantown, extinct(?) (Me.). ^mcAs — TuUytown (Le.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Chester — W. Bradford Twj). (St.). Lancaster— (P.). Burlington— 'BwrYmgion, Beverly (C), Pemberton (Le.) (Te.), near Moorestown (Te.). (7amcZen--Sieklerstovvn, Dr. J. B. Brinton (B. C.) (Ke.), Camden (C), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.). Tomlin (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li.). /So^ewi— Auburn (Wa.). Cumherland— Vineland (C). New Castle— Speakman's, Ashland, Commons; Scott's Swamp. 6, STENANTHIUM Kunth. 1. Stenanthium robustum S. Wats. M. p. 257. Moist soil. Summer. - La/icasfer— Pleasant Grove (Ca.), New Texas (Pr.). MELANTHACEAE. 99 7. ZYGADENUS Michx. 1. Zygadenus leimanthoides (A. Gray) S. Wats. M. p. 258. Swamps or wet soil. Summer. Burliiigton— ISi ear Moorestown, Jos. Walton (He.), Atsion (C). Cam- den — liindenw old (VP.). Ocean — Toms River (Le.). Monmouth — Mount Pleasant (C). New CasfZe— Thompson's, Moore's, rare. 8. MELANTHIUM L. Blade of the perianth-segments oblong, entire; leaves linear. 1. M. Virginicum. Blade of the perianth-segments nearly orbicular, undulate; leaves oblance- olate. 2. M. latifolium. 1. Melanthium Virginicum L. Bunch- flower. M. p. 259. "Wet places. Summer. Bucks — Argus, TuUytown (Wn.). Iiro?(f^07ncr7/— Sumneytown (VP.). DeZaware— Williamson (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm,), Tinicum (VP.). Chester— W. Nottingham Twp. (Le.), Westtown (W. Tr.). Lan- caster—(F.). Lehigh— Jjehigh Mountain (Kr.). Burlington — Pemberton (C), Oliphant 's Mill (Wa.). 6'amde?i— Cam- den (C), Kirkwood (Wn.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton, locality de- stroyed (He.), Tomlin (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li.). Monmouth — KeyTpovt (C). New Castle— General and frequent. 2. Melanthium latifolium Desr. M. p. 259. Dry woods and hills. Sum- mer. B«cfcs— Argus, Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware— Swarthmore (St.) (Ws.). C/tes^er— Coatesville, E. E. Stone (B. C), Oakbourne (Wn.). NortJmmp- ton — (P.). Dauphin — (P.). Gloucester— SwedeshoTO (Li.). New Castle — Centerville, Commons, rare; Brandywine hills and Mount Cuba. 9. VERATRUM L. 1. Veratrum viride Ait. American White Hellebore, Indian PoTce. M. p. 259. Swamps and low ground. Summer. 10. UVULARIA L. Bellwort. Capsule obtusely 3-angled, truncate or rounded; leaves perfoliate. 1. TJ. perfoliata. Capsule acutely 3-angled or 3-winged, acute at each end; leaves sessile. 2. U. sessilifolia. 1. UvuLARiA PERFOLIATA L. M. p. 260. Rich woods and thickets. Spring. 2. UvuLARiA SESSILIFOLIA L. M. p. 260. Moist woods and thickets. Spring. 100 FLOE A OF PHILADELPHIA. Family 3, LILIACEAE Adans. Lily Family. Plants bulbous, or with rootstocks, or fibrous-fleshy roots. Ovary superior, not adnate to the perianth. Eoots fibrous-fleshy; scape tall; flowers orange or yellow. 1. Hemcrocallis. Plants with bulbs or corms. Flowers umbelled. 2. Allium. Flowers solitary, racenied, corymbed or panicled. Anthers not introrse. Anthers versatile; tall herbs. 3. Lilium. ' Anthers not versatile ; low herbs. Flowers nodding ; capsule obovoid ; seed glob- ular. 4. Frythronium. Flowers erect ; capsule columnar ; seed flat. 5. Tulipa. Anthers introrse. Perianth of 6 separate segments. 6. Ornithogalum. Perianth globose, oblong or urn-shaped. 7. Muscari. Ovary half inferior; roots fibrous; flowers racemed. 8. Aletris. Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly bearing marginal fibres. 9. ¥ucca. 1. HEMEROCALLIS L. 1. HEMEROCALLIS FULVA L. Covimon Day-lily. M. p. 261. Meadows and along streams, escaped from cultivation. Summer. 2. ALLIUM L. Leek, Garlic, Onion. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, absent at flowering time. 1. A. tricoccum. Leaves linear, present at flowering time. Bulb-coats membranous, not fibrous reticulated. Flowering umbel nodding. 2. A. cernuum. Flowering umbel erect. Sepals not keeled; inner filaments toothed under the anthers. 3. A. vineale. Sepals keeled; inner filaments not toothed. 4. A. carinatum. Bulb-coats fibrous-reticulated. 5. A. Canadense. 1. Allium tricoccum Ait. M. p. 262. Eich woods. Early summer. P/iiZadei;^ /wo— Wissahickon (Je.) (Ee.). 2?wcis— Eidge Valley (Fr.). Montgomery — ^\i&niaQn\\\\Q (Cr.), Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware — Haverford, Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Aston (W. Tr.), Cheyney (Ws.). Lancosfer— Peach Bottom (Ca.), Williston Twp, (Pr.). Berks— (P.). Dauphin— (P.). Gloucester— S-we^eshoTo (Li.). SalemSulem (C), Woodstown (He.) (Wa.). Mercer— Groveville (C). New CasfZe— Speakman's, Tatnall; Point Lookout, Mount Cuba, Com- mons. 2. Allium cernuum Eoth. M. p. 263. Banks and hillsides. Summer. Lancaster— York Furnace. 3. Allium vineale L. M. p. 263. Moist meadows and fields. Early sum- mer. 4. Allium carinatum L. M. p. 1046. Fields. Buck's- Grenoble, N. F. Arnold (Fr.). LILIACEAE, 101 5. Allium Canadknse L. M. p. 2G3. Moist meadows and thickets. Spring. Fhiladelphia—BjhQxry, Mart. (B. C), Wissahickon (Gi.) (Je.), Ger- mantown (Me.). JSucis— Sellersville (Fr.), Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware -Lansdowne (Pe.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Chester (W. Tr.), Darby (Ws.). Lancaster— CP.). DaupJmi—Steelton {'Wn'.). Burlington— MeAfoTd (St.). Camden— Camden (C). Gloucester- Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Westville (Mar.) (Wn.). ifercer— Trenton (C). Middlesex— 'Woodhridge (C). 3. LILIUM L. Flower or flowers erect; perianth-segments narrowed into long claws. 1. L. Philadelphicum. Flowers drooping or spreading; perianth-segments not clawed. Leaves finely roughened on the veins beneath. 2. L. Canadense. Leaves perfectly smooth; perianth-segments recurved. 3. L. superbum. 1. LiLiUM Philadelphicum L. Wood Lily. M. p. 265. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia — Chew's Wood (Je.). Bucks — Rock mil (Fr.) (Ja.) (Mac), Tullytown (Le.), Sellersville (Re.), Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Mont- gomery—Green Lane (Br.). Detoware— Williamson (Cr.) (Fu.) (Wn.), near Media (Sa.) (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St.), Concord (W. Tr.). Ches- ter—V/. Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster— (P.). Ber/fs— Hamburg (Br.) (He.). Lehigh— J^ehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— Pen Argyl (He.). Gloucester— One plant near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). At- lantic—May's Landing (C). Monmouth— Keyport (C). New Castle — Brandywine, etc. Not common. 2. Lilium Canadense L. Yellow Field Lily. M. p. 265. Moist meadows and bogs. Summer. 3. Lilium superbum L. Turk's Cap. M. p. 265. Rich low grounds. Summer. Philadelphia— Byheriy, Mart. (B. C), Germantowu, extinct(?) (Me.), Wissahickon (Re.). Bucks— Tnllytown (Le.). Montgomery— Edge Hill (Je.), Frazer's Bog, Willow Grove (VP.), Hillside (Ws.). Delaware— Tinicum (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Chad's Ford (Wn.). Ches- ter—Nottingham Twp. (Pr.). Lancaster— Peach Bottom (Cr.). North- ampton—(P.). New Jersey — Common. Netv Castle ^Frequent south of Christiana Creek. 4. ERYTHRONIUM L. 1. Erythronium Americanum Ker. Yellow Adder's Tongue. M. p. 266, Moist woods and thickets. Spring. 5. TULIPA L. Tulip. 1. TuLiPA sylvestris L. M. p. 1046. Meadows. Philadelphia Stenton (Br.). J5wc/ts— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Mont- gomery— Lansdale (Fr.). 102 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 6. ORNITHOGALUM L. Star-of-Bethlehem Flowers corymbose, erect; pedicels long, slender. Flowers racemose, drooping; pedicels very short, stout. 1. Oenithogalum umbellatum L. M. p. 267. Early summer. 2. Oenithogalum nutans L. M. p. 267. Escaped from gardens. Spring, 1. 0. umbellatum. 2. 0. nutans. Escaped from gardens. 7. MUSCAEI Mill. 1. MuscAEi BOTRYOIDES (L.) Mill. Grape Hyacinth. M. p. 268. Escaped from gardens into copses and fence rows. Spring. 8. ALETEIS L. 1. Aletris farinosa L. Colic-root, Star-grass. M. p. 269. Dry, sandy soil. Early summer. Philadeljjhia — Wissahickon, extinct (1) (Me.) (Re.). Montgomery — Willow Grove (Mac). Delaware — Bhoads ' Swamp (Fu.), Williamson (Le.), Lima (Ja.) (Wn.), Swarthmore (Sch.), Thatcher's Swamp, Aston (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— Oxford (Cr.), W. Bradford (St.). New Jersey — Southern counties, frequent. New Castle— Hand's, Clark's, etc. 9. YUCCA L. 1. Yucca filamentosa L. Adam's Needle. cultivation. Summer. M. p. 270. Escaped from Family 4. CONVALLARIACEAE Link. Lily-of-the-Valley Family. Leaves reduced to scales; leaf -like branchlets filiform. 1. Asparagus. Leaves broad; stems simple or somewhat branched. Leaves alternate or basal. Leaves basal ; flowers umbelled or solitary. 2. Clintonia. Leaves alternate (solitary in flowerless plants of No. 4). Perianth-segments separate. Perianth segments 6. 3. Vagnera. Perianth-segments 4. 4. Unifolium. Perianth eylindric or oblong, 6-toothed. 5. Salomonia. Leaves nearly basal ; flowers racemed ; perianth 6-toothed. 6. Convallaria. Leaves in 1 or 2 whorls below the flower or flowers. Leaves in 2 whorls; flowers umbelled. 7. Medeola. Leaves in 1 whorl; flowers solitary. 8. Trillium. 1. ASPARAGUS L. 1. Asparagus officinale L. Garden Asparagus. from cultivation. Summer. M. p. 270. Escaped 2. CLINTONIA Raf. 1. Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf. M. p. 270. Cold, moist woods. Lancaster— Paradise Valley (Sa.). Lehigh— Salshnrg (Kr.). Spring. 3. VAGNERA Adans. Flowers numerous, panicled. Flowers few-several, racemose. 1. V. racemosa. 2. F. stellata. CONFALLARIACEAE. iQfS 1. Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong. False Spikenard. M. p. 271. Moist woods and thickets. Early summer. 2. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong. M. p. 271. Moist banks. Spring. Philadelphia — BaTtram's Garden (Te.). i'wcA-.s — Sellersville (Fr.). Chester— (F.). Lancaster— hancaster, A. P. Garbcr (B. C). Lehigh— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— (F.). . Cape Ma^/— Wildwood (Cr.) (He.), Anglesea (Li.), Cape May Point (Te.). 4. UNIFOLIUM Adans. 1. Unifolium Canadense (Desf.) Greene. False Lily-of-the-V alley. M. p. 271. Moist woods and thickets. Early summer. 5.' SALOMONIA Heist. Solomon 's Seal. Leaves pubescent beneath; filaments filiform, roughened. 1. S. bifloia. Plant glabrous throughout; filaments smooth, somewhat flattened. 2. S. commutata. 1. Salomonia biflora (Walt.) Britton. M. p. 273. Woods and thickets. Early summer. 2. Salomonia commutata (R. & S.) Britton. M. p. 273. Moist woods and thickets. Early summer. 6. CONVALLAEIA L. 1. Convallaria majalis L. Lih/-of-the-Valley. M, p. 273. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. 7. MEDEOLA L. 1. Medeola Virginiana L. Indian Cucumber-root. M. p. 274. Rich, damp woods. Spring. 8. TRILLIUM L. Wake Robin. Petals obovate or oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long. 1. T. grandiflorum. Petals ovate or lanceolate, 1-3 cm. long. Peduncle 3-10 cm. long, erect or declined; petals spreading. 2. T. erectum. Peduncle 3 cm. long or less, recurved beneath the leaves ; petals re- curved. 3. T. cernuum. 1. Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. M. p. 275. Rich woods, also in cultivation. Spring. Lancaster — Harris Station (Ca.), Fulton Twp. (Pr.). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). 2. Trillium erectum L. M. p. 275. Rich woods. Spring. J5wc^'-s— Nockamixon (Fr.). Chester— Y alley Forge (Cr.). Lancaster —York Furnace (Ja.) (Li.), hills opposite Marietta (Le.), Paradise Val- ley (Sa.). Burlington — Bordentown (C.) . 3. Trillium cernuum L. M. p. 275. Rich woods. Spring. Philadelphia — Wissahickon, Shawmont (Sa.), Fairmount Park (Te.) (Wn.). Bwcts — Nockamixon (Cr.), Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery — Schuylkill River, Mart. (B. C), Bryn Mawr (Ke.), Flat Rock Tunnel 104 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. (Te.)- Delaware — Swarthmore (Pr.) (Ws.), Wawa (Sa.), Palmer's Mills, Upper Providence (B. Sm.), near Newtown (VP.), Chad's Ford (Wn.)- Chester— Westtown, Upland (Le.), Valley Forge (Mac.)- Lan- caster—{V.). Le7w^7t— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Woodbury, Mul- lica Hill (C). Salem — Woodstown, Swedes Bridge (Wa.). Mercer — Trenton (C). Netv Castle — General and frequent. Family 5. SMILACEAE Vent, Smilax Family. 1. SMILAX L. Green Brier, Cat-brier. Stem annual, herbaceous, unarmed. Leaves usually ovate, thin. . 1. S. herbacea. Leaves usually hastate, coriaceous. 2. S. tamnifolia. Stem perennial, woody, usually armed with prickles. Berries black or bluish-black. Fruit ripening the first year. Leaves glaucous. 3. S. glauca. Leaves green on both sides. Leaves rounded or lanceolate, 5-nerved. 4. S. rotuvdifolia. Leaves ovate, 7-nerved. 5. S. hispida. Leaves deltoid or deltoid-hastate, 5-7-nerved, often with 1 or 2 additional nerves on each side. 6. S. Bona-nox. Fruit ripening the second year; leaves elliptic or lanceolate, ever- green. 7. S. laurifoUa. Berries red. 8. S. Walteri. 1. Smilax herbacea L. Carrion-flotver. M. p. 276. Woods and thickets. Spring. 2. Smilax tamnifolia Michx. M. p. 276. Pine-barrens. Early summer. Philadelphia— lIo\mes}3urg Junction (Ws.). Delaware— Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle— Townsend, Canby and Tatnall; Thompson's, Farnhurst, Pencader. 3. Smilax glauca Walt. M. p. 276. Dry thickets. Spring. Bucks — Near Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Deiowore— Tinicum (P.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster— {P.). Norlhamp- ton—(P.). Burlington— Atsion, Pemberton (Te.), Brown Mills (Wn.). Camden — Cedar Brook (Ke.) (Mac). Gloucester — Common (He.), Washington Park (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic — Egg Harbor (Pr.), Elwood (Te.), Absecon (Wn.). New Casiie— Frequent. 4. Smilax rotundifolia L. Common Green-brier, Horse-brier. M. p. 277. Woods and thickets. Spring. 5. Smilax hispida Muhl. M. p. 277. Thickets. Early summer. Bucks — Pock Hill (Fr.), Argus (Wn.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.), Susquehanna opposite Marietta (Le.). Northampton— {P.). New Castle — Near Will's Eock, Mount Cuba; not common. 6. Smilax Bona-nox L. M. p. 277. Thickets. Early summer. Delaware— Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). niOSCOEEACEAE. 105 7. Smilax I.AUUIFOUA L. M. p. 277. Pine-barren thickety. Spring and summer. Burlington — Quaker Bridge, .Tuckertou, Speedwell (St.). Ailantic — Hammonton (Je.) (Ko,), Elwood (Te.). Omt/t— Forked Kiver, Toms River. New Castle— Cedar Swamp, Collins, Commons. 8. Smilax Walteri Pursh. M. p. 277. Pine-barrens. Spring. Burlington — Atsion (C), Quaker Bridge. Cumberland — Vineland (Ab.). ^tZanftc— Landisville, May's Landing (C), Egg Harbor (Sa.). Cape Ma?/— Cape May (C). Family 6. HAEMODORACEAE li. Bi. Bloodwort Family. 1. GYROTHECA Salisb. 1. Gyrotheca tinctoria (Walt.) Salisb. Bed-root. M. p. 278. Swamps near the coast. Summer. Burlington— Qluakev Bridge, Br. Geo. Smith (Eu.), Atsion (Fr.), Han- over (Ja.), Ballinger's Mill (St.), Taunton (Sts.). Camden— Ateo (Gi.), Cedar Brook (Ja.) (Mae.). ^!ear Miekleton, a single plant (He.). 16. TIPULARIA Nutt. 1. TiPULARiA UNIFOLIA (Muhl.) B. S. P. Crane-fly Orchis. M. p. 304. Woods. Summer. Delaware— Fnsej's "Woods, C. E. and A. H. Smith (Fu.), near Darby (P.). Gloucester— S-wedeshoro (Li.). Cape May— Cape May (Cr.). Mon- mouth— Freehold (C). Netv CasiZe— Newark, Kilvington, Centerville, Tatums, Iron Hill, Com- mons. Rare. 17. APLECTRUM Nutt. 1. Aplectrum spicatum (Walt.) B. S. P. Putty-root, Adam-and-Eve. M. p. 305. Woods in rich mould. Spring. P/iitodeZ2:>/na — Wissahickon (Je.) (Re.), Shawmont (Sa.). Buclcs — Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Mojii^'owieri/— Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware— Swarthmore (Fu.) (Sa.) (Ws.), Wawa, Chester Creek (Sch,), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Wallingford (Wn.). Chester— Westtown (Le.), Greentree (Te.). Lancaster— York Furnace (St.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle— Mount Cuba (Ja.), near Newark. In northern parts, but rare. 18. CORALLORHIZA R. Br. Coral-root. Lip not deeply 3-lobed. Lip 2-toothed or 2-lobed above the base. 1. C. Corallorhiza. Lip entire, or merely denticulate. Flowers about 6-8 mm. long; lip not notched; column narrowly winged. 2. C. odontorhiza. Flowers 14 mm. long; lip notched; column manifestly winged. 3. C. Wisteriana. Lip deeply 3-lobed; flowers 12-18 mm. long. 4. C. multiflora. 1. Corallorhiza Corallorhiza (L.) Karst. M. p. 305. Woods. Spring. Delaware— Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Lancaster— Millersville, Mart. (B. C.) (Ca.). New Castle— "Not common. 2. Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. M. p. 305. Woods. Summer. Philadelphia— 'Wissahiekon, Mart. (B. C.) (Re.). jBucfcs— Springfield (Fr.), Penn Valley (Ja.), Argus (Re.) (IT. C. S.). Montgomery— Shan- nonville (Cr.), Ardmore (Le.), Schwenkville (U. C. S.). Delaware— Ijans- downe (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.) (Ws.), Adele (Sa.), Concord (W. Tr.), Wallingford (Wn.). Chester — Y alley Forge (Ja.), Paoli (IT. C. S.), West Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Ja.) (Ke.), Lehigh— Woods near Deily's, Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). 114 FLORA OF FHIL.U)K1J'HIA. Ca7ndew— Camden (C.)- Gloucester— ^eweW, Mullica Hill (C), uear Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Merce?-— Princeton, Trenton (C). New Castle — Mount Cuba (Le.). General, but not common. 3. CoRALLORHiZA WiSTERiANA Conrad. M. p. 30.5. Woods. Spring. PWiadeip/ifa— Wissahickon (Re.). Chester— {V.). Lancaster— {V.). 4. CORALLORHIZA MULTIFLORA Nutt. M. p. 306. Woods. Summer. P/ittodeZp/iia— Wissahickon (Re.). 5mcAs— Durham (Fr.). iJontgom- er?/— Shannonville (Cr.), Bryn Mawr (Gi.), near Ardmore (Le.). Dela- ware—S-warthmore (Pr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster —York Furnace (Ja.) (Ke.) (Li.). Ber^s— Mount Neversink, Mart. (B, C), Hamburg (Ke.). Lehigh— Woods near Geissinger 's, E. A. Eau (B. C), Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Caw rZe?!— Camden (C). Hunterdon — Hosemont (C). New Castle — McCullough 's, Canby. Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES. Series]. CHORIFETALAE. Order 1. PIPER ALES. Family 1. SAURURACEAE Lindl. Lizard's-tail Family. 1. SAURURUS L. 1, Saururus cernuus L. Lizard's Tail. M. p. 307. Swamps. Summer. Order 2. SALIOALES. Family 1. SALIC ACEAE Liiull. Willow Family. Bracts fimbriate or incised ; stamens numerous. 1. Populus. Bracts entire; stamens 2-10. 2. Salix. 1. POPULUS L. Petioles terete or channelled, scarcely or not at all flattened laterally. Leaves persistently and densely white-tomentose beneath, lobed or coarsely sinuate-dentate. 1. P. alba. Leaves glabrous or nearly so when mature, crenate. Foliage densely tomentose when young; capsule slender-pedicelled. 2. P. heterophylla. Foliage not tomentose; capsule short-pedicelled. 3. P. candicans. Petioles strongly flattened laterally. Leaves broadly deltoid, abruptly acuminate. Young leaves pubescent ; capsule nearly sessile. 4. P. nigra. Young leaves not pubescent; capsule slender-pedicelled. 5. P. deltoides. Leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular. Leaves coarsely sinuate-dentate. 6. P. grandidentata. Leaves crenulate-denticulate. 7. P. tremuloides. 1. Populus alba L. White Poplar, Abele. M. p. 308. Occasionally spon- taneous. Early spring. SALIC ACE AE. 115 2. PoPULus HETEROPHVLLA L. Dowuy Poplav. M. p. 308. iSwamps. Early spring. Delaware— CP.). Chester— {P.). Cumberland— FortesGue Beach (C). Netv Castle— Uockessin, Tatnall; Townsend, Canby; Stanton, Ca7iby; Harvey, Tatnall; Tatems. Rare. 3. PoPULUS CANDICANS Ait. Balm-of-Gilead. M. p. 309. Escaped from cultivation. Early spring. 4. PoPULUS NIGRA L. Block Poplar. M. p. 309. Valleys of rivers. Early spring. Salem— B&nka of Delaware (C). 5. PoPULUS DELTOIDES Marsh. Cottonwood, Necldace Poplar. M. p. 309. Moist soil, especially borders of streams. Early spring. 6. PoPULUS GRANDIDENTATA Michx. Lurge-toothed Aspen. M. p. 310. Rich woods. Early spring. Philadelphia— Haddington (Te.), Wissahiekon (VP.). Bucls— Sellers- ville (Fr.), Rock Hill (Mac). Montgomery— 'Edge Hill (VP.). Dela- ware — Marple, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). C7(e.s^er — Valley Forge (Cr.), Westtown (W. Tr.). Lancaster— (P.). iJe?-A.«— Hamburg (Ke.). Lehigh — Coplay (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). Burlington — Moorestown (C). Camden — Atco (C). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). JJIo?(?)!OM(/i— Holmdel (C). New Castle— Grant ^s, Tatnall; J. Mason's, Milltown. 7. PoPULUs TREMUL0IDE3 Michx. American Aspen. M. p. 310. Dry or moist soil. Earlj' spring. Philadelphia — (P.). Buclcs — Near Sellersville (Fr.), Mechanicsville (Ws.). Moni^omer?/— Shannonville (Cr.). I>e?aifa?-e— Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— N alley Forge (Cr.). Lehigh Coplay (Kr.). N orthampton— {P .) . New Jersey— Common (C). New Castle— J^ate H. Grant's, Greenbank, Commons. 2. SALIX L. Willow, Osier. Capsule glabrous, or slightly silky when young in No. 8. Trees or larger shrubs with serrate, acute or acuminate leaves. Stamens 3-7 ; filaments hairy at the base ; bracts caducous, light yellow. Pedicels slender, 3-5 times as long as the gland. Petioles and stipules without glands. 1. S. nigra. Petioles and stipules with prominent glands. 2. 8. lucida. Pedicels about twice as long as the gland. 3. S. fragilis. Stamens 2. Filaments hairy at the base ; bracts caducous yellow. Pedicels in fruit 1-3 mm. long. Stigma sessile; leaves linear or lance-linear. 8. S. fluviatilis. Style evident, but short; leaves lanceolate. 3. S. fragilis. Pedicels in fruit less than 1 mm. long; stigma sessile. Branches not drooping; leaves lanceolate. 4. S. alba. 116 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Branches drooping; leaves linear-lanceolate. 5. S. Bdbylonica. Filaments glabrous; bracts persistent. 6. >S. cordata. Very low shrubs with serrate or crenate, obtuse leaves; filaments gla- brous. 7. S. myrtillifolia. Capsule silky or tomentose. Filaments distinct. Capsule distinctly pedicelled, rostrate ; style none or short. Mature leaves not densely hairy beneath. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. Filaments hairy; capsule slightly silky when young, in age glabrate. 8. S. fluviatilis. Filaments glabrous; capsule permanently hairy. 9. S. petiolaris. Leaves oblong, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate. Bracts fuscous, obovate or cuneate, long-hairy. 10. S. discolor. Bracts yellow, linear-oblong or lanceolate, 11. S. Bebiiana. Mature leaves densely white-hairy beneath. Leaves white-tomentose beneath. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, slender-petioled. 11. S. Bebbiana. Leaves oblanceolate, short-petioled. Leaves 5-10 cm. long; fruiting aments 2-3 cm. long. 12. S. humilis. Leaves 2-4 cm. long; fruiting aments 1 cm. long, 13. S. tristis. Leaves silvery -silky beneath. 14. S. ■sericea. Capsule subsessile. 15. S. viminalis. Filaments united; pedicel and style none. 16. S. purpurea. 1. Salix nigra Marsh. Black Willow. M. p. 312. Along streams. Spring. Philadelphia— Bjherry, Mart. (B. C), 45th and Market streets (Mac). Bmc^s— Narrowsville (Mac), Delaware— Darby Creek, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Tinicum (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— {Y.). Lancaster — (P.). LeM^^/i— Along the Lehigh (Kr.). Northampton— (P.) . Dau- phin—(F.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle— Common. la. Salix nigra falcata (Pursh.) Torr. M. p. 313. Along streams. Spring. Philadelphia— 'ByheTTj, Mart. (B.C.). Bmc^s— Sellersville (Fr.). Dela- ware—Dnrhj Creek (Fu.). New Castle— "Not common. 2. Salix lucida Muhl. M. p. 313. Swamps and banks of streams. Spring. Philadelphia— 'Nicetoyvn (Le.). Buclcs— Banks of Delaware, Mart. (B. C). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Le7n^?i— Lowlands, Coplay (Kr.). Northampton— 'Easton, Porter (B. C). Monmouth—Sandy Hook (Mac). New Castle — Cherry Island, Commons. 3. Salix fragilis L. Cracic Willow. M. p. 313. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. 4. Salix alba L. White Willotv. M. p. 313. Moist soil. Spring. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C), 46th and Chestnut streets SAUCACEAE. 117 (Mac.)- JB'uc^'6•— Sellersville (Fr.). Cetowore— Upper Darby, cultivated (B. Sm.)- Chester— (F.). Lancaster— (V.). Northampton— (P.). New Jersey — Common. 4a. Salix alba vitellina (Ij.) Koch. M. p. 314. Moist soil. Spring. Philadel2}hia—Bj}3erTj, Mart. (B.C.). C7iester— Valley Forge (Cr.). New Castle— HocklRnd, Brinkle's. 5. Salix Babyi.onica L. Weeping Willow. M. p. 314. In cultivation. Spring. 6. Salix cordata Muhl. M. p. 314. Wet soil. Spring. Swcts — Near Point Pleasant (Fr.). Delaware — Tinicum (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Folsom (Ws.). Chester— (P.). TMn caster— (P.). Northampton— (P.). Dauphin- (P.). New Jersey/— Frequent (C). New Castle— Delaware Junction, Rockland, Commons, Tatnall, Cariby ; Townsend. 6o. Salix cordata angustata (Pursh.) Anders. M. p. 314. Wet soil. Spring. Lancaster — (P.). 7. Salix myrtilloides L. M. p. 316. Bogs. Spring. Lancaster — (P.) . 8. Salix fluviatilis Nutt. M. p. 316. Along streams. Spring. Bmc^s— Island of Delaware (Fr.). Lancaster— {P.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin— (P.). New CasiZe— Hamburg Cove. 9. Salix petiolaris J. E. Smith. M. p. 316. Swamps. Spring. Buclis — ^eav Sellersville (Fr.). Z>etoware — Middletown (B. Sm.). C/ies^er— Frazier (Pr.). Lancaster— {P.). CaTndeji— Kaighn's Point (C). Gloucester— ^wed^esboro (Li.). 10. Salix discolor Muhl. M. p. 316. Swamps and moist hillsides. Early spring. Philadelphia — Stenton (Br), Shawmont (Le.). Bucks — Rock Hill (Fr.) (Mac). Detaimre— Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster -(P.). New Jersey— Covavaou (C). New Cas*Je— Frequent. 11. Salix Bebbiana Sarg. M. p. 317. Moist or dry soil. Spring. i'wc^s — Perkasie (Fr.). Delaware -—^avia (Fu.), Folsom (Ws.). Lehigh— l^amel Hill (Kr.). Northampton— Pen Argyl (He.) (Li.). 12. Salix humilis Marsh. M. p. 317. Dry soil. Spring. ^McA-s— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— Haverford, Ridley Creek (Fu.), road above Llauerch (B. Sm.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton -(P.). New Jersey — Common. 13. Salix tristis Ait. M. p. 318. Dry soil. Early spring. Philadelphia— West Philadelphia, MacElwee (U. C. S.) . Bncls—Argns, Rock Hill (Fr.). Petorare— Barrens of Middletown, Chrome Run (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). 118 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Camden — Gloucester (C), Atco (Pr.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton, staminate plants only (He.), Swedesboro (Li.)- Salem — Salem (C). Cumberland—Bvidgeton (C). Middlesex— South Amboy, Morgan Sta- tion (C). New Castle— Iron Hill, etc. Not common. Mount Cuba, staminate plants, Commons. 14:. Salix sericea Marsh. M. p. 318. Swamps and along streams. Spring. Philadelphia — {P .) . Buds — Argus (Cr.), near Sellersville (Fr.). OeZaware— Williamson (Le.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Le/itp/i— Catasauqua (Ca.). Northampton — (P.). New Jersey— Common (C). New Castle— Frequent, 15. Salix viminalis L. Osier Willow. M. p. 318. Escaped from cultiva- tion. Spring. Delaware— (P.). 16. Salix pukpukea L. M. p. 320. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. Bucks— Near Quakertown (Fr.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton — (P.). Middlesex— South Amboy (C). New CosiZe— Roadsides, Latrobe Feeder, Comvwns and Tatnall. Orders. MYRICALES. Family 1. MYRICACEAE Dumorl. Bayberry Family. Ovary subtended by 2-4 bractlets; leaves serrate or entire, estipulate. 1. Myrica. Ovary subtended by 8 linear, persistent bractlets; leaves pinnatifid, stip- ulate. 2. Comptonia. 1. MYRICA L. 1. Mykica cerifera L. Bayberry, Wax-myrtle. M. p. 321. Sandy soil, especially near the coast. Spring. Philadelphia— billow Grove Avenue, Chestnut Hill (Je.). Delaware— Tinicum (B. Sm.). LeM^/i— Salsburg (Kr.). Netv Jersey — Common. New CasiZe— Collins, Canby; Oldtowu, Commons; Kiamensi, Tatnall. 2. COMPTONIA Banks. 1. Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coulter. Sireet Fern. M. p. 321. Dry soil. Spring. Order 4. JUGLANDALES. Family 1. JUGLANDACEAE Liiidl. Walnut Family. Husk indehiseent; not rugose or sculptured. 1. Juglans. Husk at length splitting into segments ; nut smooth or angled. 2. Hicoria. 1. JUGLANS L. Fruit globose, obtuse, not viscid; petioles puberulent. 1. J. nirjra. Fruit oblong, pointed, viscid; petioles pubescent. 2. J. cinerea. JUGLANDACEAE. 119 1. JuGLANS NIGRA L. Black Wahiut. M. p. 323. Rich woods. Spring. 2. JuGLANS CINEREA L. Butternut, White Walnut. M. p. 323. Rich ot rocky woods. Spring. 2. HICORIA Raf. Bud-scales valvate; lateral leaflets lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, falcate. 1. U. minima. Bud-scales imbricate ; lateral leaflets not falcate. Husk of the fruit freely splitting to the base; middle lobe of staminate calyx narrow, often at least twice as long as the lateral ones. Bark shaggy, separating in long plates. Leaflets 3-5 (rarely 7) ; nut rounded at the base, 1-2 cm. long. 2. //. ovnta. Leaflets 7-9; nut usually pointed at both ends, 2. .1-3 cm. long. 3. H. laciniosa. Bark close, rough ; leaflets 7-9. 4. H. alba. Husk of fruit thin, not freely splitting to the base; lobes of the stam- inate calyx mostly nearly equal. Fruit nearly globular; nut thin-shelled; bark, at least that of old trees, separating in strips. 5. H. microcarpa. Fruit obovoid; nut thick-shelled; bark close. 6. H. glabra. 1. HicORiA MINIMA (Marsh) Britton. Bitter-imt, Swamp Hickory. M. p. 324. Moist soil. Spring. 2. HiCORiA OVATA (Mill.) Britton. Shell-hark, Shag-bark. M. p. 324. Rich soil. Spring. 3. HicORiA LACINIOSA (Michx.) Sarg. Big Shell-bark, King-nut. M. p. 324. Rich soil. Spring. Philadelphia— (F.). Bucks— Bock Hill, Bedminster (Fr,), Sellersville (Mac). xl/o/(*f7ome/-2/— Shannonville (Cr.). Z^eZaware— Swarthmore, one tree (Pr.), Radnor, J. Evans (B. Sm.). Lancaster— (F.). Berks— (P.). Ifercer— According to Mr. Chas. E. Smith a large tree at Borie station on P. R. R., 15 miles from Trenton (Ke.). 4. HicORiA ALBA (L.) Britton. Mocker-nut, Whiic-heari Hickory. M. p. 325. Rich soil. Early summer. 5. HlcORiA MICROCARPA (Nutt.) Britton. Hickory. M. p. 325. Rich woods. Spring. 6. HiCORiA GLABRA (Mill.) Britton. Pig-nut Hickory. M. p. 325. Dry hills and uplands. Early summer. HicoRiA Pecan (Marsh.) Britton. Pecan. M. p. 324. In cul- tivation. Spring. Philadelphia— Bnrtr am 's Garden (Je.). Delaware —Goimord (W. Tr.). Orders. PAGALES. Both staminate and pistillate flowers in aments. Fam. 1. Betulaceae. Pistillate flowers subtended by an involucre, which becomes a bur or a cup in fruit. Fam. 2. Fagaceae. 120 FLOh'A OF PHILADELPHIA. Family 1. BETULACEAE Asjardh. Birch Family. Btaminate flowers solitary in the axil of each bract, destitute of a calyx; pistillate flowers with a calyx. Staminate flowers with no bractlets ; pistillate aments spike-like ; nut small, subtended by or enclosed in a large bractlet. Fruiting bractlet flat, 3-cleft and incised. 1. Carpinus. Fruiting bractlet bladder-like, closed, membranous. 2. Ostrya. Staminate flowers with 2 bractlets; pistillate flowers 2-4, capitate; nut large, enclosed by a leafy involucre. 3. Corylus. Btaminate flowers 3-6 together in the axil of each bract, with a calyx; pis- tillate flowers without a calyx. (Stamens 2; filaments 2-cleft, each fork bearing an anther-sac; fruit- ing bracts 3-lobed or entire, deciduous. 4. Betula. Stamens 4; anther-sacs adnate; fruiting bracts woody, erose or 5- toothed, persistent. 5. Alnus. 1. CARPINUS L. 1. (Jakpinus Caroliniana Walt. American Hornbeam, Blue Beech, Water Beech. M. p. 326. Along streams. Spring. 2. OSTRYA Scop. 1. Ostrya Virginiana (Mill.) Willd. Hop-hornbeam, Ironwood, Lever- wood. M. p. 327. Dry woods. Spring. P/iiZadeZp7ua — Wissahickon (Le.) (Me.). J5«cfcs — Near Sellersville (Fr.), Narrowsville (Ja.), Rock Hill (Mac), New Hope (Ws.). Dela- ware—Chester Valley (Le.), Radnor, J. Evans (B. Sm.), Kellyville (Tc), Chester (W. Tr.). Chester— \s\\ej Forge (Cr.), Willistown Twp. one tree (Pr.). Lancaster— Paradise (St.). Lehigh — Jordan and Lehigh River, Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton— ^a&toii, Porter (B. C). Hunterdon — Along the Delaware (C). Somerset — Roxiticus (C). New Castle— 'Near Fish Ponds, Naaman's Creek. 3. CORYLUS L. Filbert. Involucre of 2 broad laciniate bractlets. 1. C. Americana. Involucral bractlets united, prolonged into a tubular bristly beak. 2. C. rostrata. 1. Corylus Americana Walt. Wild Hazel-nut. M. p. 327. Thickets. Early spring. 2. Corylus rostrata Ait. Beaked Hazel. M. p. 327. Thickets. Spring. Philadelphia— 'Wissahickon (Me.). Bucks— Boek Hill (Fr.). Mont- gomery—iich^\enksvi\l(i {JJ. C. S.). Chester— Valley Forge (Cr.) (W. Tr.), Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C), Nottingham Twp. (Pr.). Lancaster— (P.). Berts— Hamburg. Lehigh— Ijow Hill (Kr.). Hunterdon— Jiosemojit, Bloomsburg (C). New Castle— 'Rocky hillsides at High Bridge, N. side. 4. BETULA L. Fruiting aments peduncled; bark chalky-white. 1. B. populifolia. Fruiting aments peduncled; bark greenish-brown or brown. 2. B. nigra. Fruiting aments sessile, at the ends of short branches; bark brown or yellowish. FAGACEAE. , 121 Fruiting bracts 4 mm. long, lobed at the apex; leaves shining above. 3. B. lenta. Fruiting bracts 8 mm. long, lobed to about the middle; leaves dull above. 4. B. lutea. 1. Betula populifolia Ait. American White Birch, Gray Birch. M. p^ 328. Moist or dry soil. Spring. 2. Betula nigra L. River or Bed Birch. M. p. 328. Banks of streams. Spring. 3. Betula lenta L. Cherry, Blaclt or Sweet Birch. M. p. 328. Eick woodlands. Spring. 4. Betula lutea Michx. f. Yellow or Gray Birch. M. p. 329. Moist woodlands. Spring. Lancaster— {V.). Le/ii^fe— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Dauphin— {F.). 5. ALNUS Gaertn. Alder. 1. Alnus eugosa (Duroi) K. Koch. M. p. 330. Wet soil. Early spring. Family 2. FAGACEAE Drude. Beech Family. Staminate flowers capitate; nut sharply triangular. 1. Fagus. Staminate flowers in slender aments; nut rounded or plano-convex. Pistillate flowers 2-5 in each involucre; involucre becoming globose and very prickly in fruit, enclosing the nuts. 2. Castanea. Pistillate flower 1 in each involucre; involucre of numerous scales forming a cup in fruit and subtending the acorn. 3. Quercus. 1. FAGUS L. 1. Fagus Americana Sweet. Beech. M. p. 331. Rich soil. Spring. 2. CASTANEA Adans. Leaves green both sides; large trees. 1. C. dentata. Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath; shrub or small tree. 2. C. pumila. 1. Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut. M. p. 331. Rich soil. Early summer. 2, Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. Chinquapin. M. p. 332. Dry soil. Early summer. Chester — (P.). Lancaster— Opposite York Furnace (St.). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). Gloucester— ClarkshoTo (C), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Tomlin (Wn.). /Saiem— Jericho (C), Penn Grove (Wa.). Mercer — Trenton, White Horse, Mercerville (C). New Castle— Newark, J. Webb; Middletown, J. A. Hunter; St. George's, Tatnall. Scarce. 3. QUERCUS L. A. Leaves or their lobes bristle-tipped, deciduous; acorn maturing in autwnn of second year. Leaves pinnatifid or pinnately lobed. Leaves green on both sides. Cup of the acorn saucer-shaped, much broader than high. Cup 16-25 mm. broad, acorn ovoid ; leaves dull. 1. Q. rubra. Cup 8-16 mm. broad; leaves shining. 2. Q. palustris. 122 » FLORA OF PHILADFLPHIA. Cup of the acorn turbinate or henuspherie. inner bark gray to reddish ; leaves deeply lobed. Leaves shining both sides, lobed to near the midrib. 3. Q. coccinea. Leaves dull and paler beneath ; acorn ovoid. 4. Q. horealis. Inner bark orange. 5. Q. velutina. Leaves white or gray-tonientose beneath. Large trees; leaf-lobes lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, long. 6. Q. digitata. SShrub or low tree ; leaf -lobes triangular-ovate, short. 7. Q. nana. Leaves 3-5 lobed above the middle or entire, obovate or spatulate in outline. Leaves obovate, crenate, brown-floccose beneath. 8. Q. Mnrylaiidica. With characters intermediate between Q. Marylandica and Phellos. 9. Q. BudMni. Leaves spatulate, glabrous both sides. 10. Q. nigra. Leaves entire, oblong, lanceolate or linear -oblong. Leaves linear-oblong, green and glabrous on both sides. 11. Q. Phellos. With characters intermediate between Q. rubra and Q. Phellos. 12. Q. heterophylla. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, brown-tomentose beneath. 13. Q. imbricaria. B. Leaves or their lobes not bristle-tipped, decidiious ; acorns maturing in autumn of first year. Leaves pinnatifid or pinnately lobed. Mature leaves pale or glaucous and glabrous beneath; cup shallow. 14. Q. alba. Mature leaves tonientulose beneath; cup one-third to fully as long as the acorn. Upper scales of the cup not awned. Leaves yellowish-brown tomentulose beneath ; acorn ovoid. 15. Q. minor. Leaves white-tomentulose beneath; acorn depressed-globose. 16. Q. lyrata. Upper scales awned, forming a fringe around the acorn. 17. Q. macrocarpa. Leaves crenate or dentate, not lobed. Fruit peduncled. Peduncle much longer than petioles; leaves white-tomentulose beneath. 18. Q. platanoides. Peduncle equalling or shorter than the petioles; leaves gray-tomentu- lose beneath. Bark white, flaky. 19. Q. Michauxii. Bark close. 20. Q. Prinus. Fruit sessile or nearly so. Tall trees. 21. Q. acuminata. Shrub or low tree; leaves oval or obovate. 22. Q. prinoides. 1. QUERCUS RUBRA L. Red Oak. M. p. 333. Eich or poor soil. Early summer. 2. QuERCUS PALUSTRis DvL Roi. Swamp Oak, Pin Oak. M. p. 333. Low ground. Early summer. 3. QuERCus COCCINEA Wang. Scarlet Oak. M. p. 333. Moist or dry soil. Early smnmer. LAGACEAE. 123 4. QuKRCUS BUKEALis Michx. Gray Oak. M. p. 334. Rich soil. Early summer. New Castle — Dry woods opposite Kentmere. 5. (JUERCUS VELUTiNA Laiu. Quercitron, Yellow-barked or Black Oak. M. p. 334. Dry or gravelly uplands. Early summer. 6. QuERCUs DiGiTATA (Marsli.) Sudw. Spatiish Oak. M. p. 334. Dry soil. Early summer. Fhiladelphia—ByheTTy, Man. (B. C.)., Grays Ferry (Ha.), 52d Street Woods (Mac), Lancaster Pike (Me.). Peilatmre— Providence (Fu.), Darby (Fu.) (Gi.) (Ws.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Fernwood (B. Sm.), Tinicum (St.), Chester (W. Tr.), Leiperville (Ws.). Chester— CP.). New Jersey — Common in southern counties (C). Ne%v Castle — General and common. 7. (^UERCUS NANA (Marsh.) Sarg. Bear or Black Scrub Oak. M. p. 334. Sandy barrens and rocky hills. Spring. S. QUERCUS Marylandica Muench. Black-Jack or Barren Oak. M. p. 334. Dry sandy barrens. Early summer, y. C^UERCUS EuDKiNi Britton. M. p. 334. jSmcAs— Tull}i;own (Cr.). Burlington — Bivminghaia (C). Gloucester — Riddleton (C). 3/ow- mowi/i.— Middletown, Cliff wood, Keyport (C). 10. QuERCUS NIGRA L. JVatcr Oak. M. p. 335. Along streams and swamps. Spring. Delaware — Chrome Kuu, Middletown (B. Sm.). 11. QuERCUS Phellos L. Willow Oak. M. p. 335. Bottomlands or rich sandy uplands. Spring. 12. QuERCUs heterophylla Michx. Bartram Oak. M. p. 335. Moist woods. Early summer. P7i(7adeZ2J^tia— Bartram 's Garden (Cr.). iJwcfcs— TuUytown (Cr.). Burlington — ^lowni Holly (C). Ca mde/t—Haddonfield (C). Glou- cester— Woodbury, Mickleton (C). Salem — Riddleton (Br.), Penn Grove (C). Cumberland— YRivtoin (C). Oc(?an— New Egypt (C). New Castle — Townsend, MeeJian; West Junction, Commons ; Stanton, Battens, Tatnall. Rare. 13. QuERCUS imbricaria Michx. Laurel or Shingle Oak. M. p. 335. Rich woodlands, cultivated. Spring. Philadelphia — Haddington (P.). Lehigh — Griesemer Farm w. of Allentown (Kr.). 14. QuERCus ALBA L. White Oak. M. p. 335. All soils. Late spring. 15. QuEKCUS MINOR (Marsh.) Sarg. Post or Iron Oak. M. p. 335. Sar.dy or sterile soil. Late spring, 16. QuERCUs LYRATA Walt. Overcup or Post Oak. M. p. 336. River banks. Spring. Philadelphia— Bartraxn's Garden, Mort.,(B. C), near Grays Ferry(Ha.). G^ottces^er— Mickleton (He.). ;Sa?e?n— Riddleton (Cr.) (He.) (Li.) Atlantic— Yentnor (Gi.). 124 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. 17. QuERCUs MACROCARPA Michx. Bur Oak, Mossy-cup Oak. M. p. 336. Eich soil, cultivated. Spring. Philadelphia— Bartram's Garden, Wissahickon (Je.). Montgomery— Chelten Hills (Te.). Detaware— Lansdowne (Pe.). Northavipto7i—{P.). Atlantic— YentnoT (Gi.). New Castle— One tree between Broome and Eodney streets near Lover- ing Avenue, Canby. 18. QuERCus PLATANOiDES (Lam.) Sudw. Swamp White Oak. M. p. 336. Borders of streams and swamps. Spring. Philadelphia— Washington Square (Je.). Bv^ks—'Rock Hill (Pr.), Argus (Ke.). Mowi^o mer-^/ — Shannonville (Cr.), Edge Hill (Me.). Delaware— Concord (W. Tr.), Tinicum (B. Sm,). Chester— WJRistoTNn Twp. (Pr.), Pocopsin (St.). Lancaster— York Furnace (Ke.). Lehigh — Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Burlington — Moorestown (Br.), Marleton (C), Medford (St.). Gloucester— Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). SoZem— Riddle- ton (Wa.). Netv Castle — Richardson's, Red Clay Creek. Scarce. 19. QuERCus MiCHAUXii Nutt. Basket Oak, Cow Oak. M. p. 336. Moist soil. Spring. Burlington — Moorestown (Br.). New Castle— J. Woodward's woods, Commons. 20. QuERCUS Prinus L. Rock Chestnut Oak. M. p. 336. Rocky banks and hillsides. Spring. 21. QuERcus ACUMINATA (Michx.) Houda. Yellow Oak, Chestnut Oak. M. p. 336. Dry soil, especially limestone ridgess. Early summer. Philadelphia — Center Wissahickon (Je.). Bucks — 'Near Sellersville (Fr.). C'^es^er— Valley Forge (St.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Gloucester— MnWica Hill (C), near Mickleton (He.). Cumberland — Bridgeton (C). Neiv Crtst/c— Serpentine, Centerville, Commons; Brandywiue Hills. 22. QuERCUs PRiNOiDEs WUld. Scrub Chestnut Oak. M. p. 336. Dry sandy or rocky soil. Spring. B-wcfcs — Nockamixon (Fr.). Detoware — Williamson (Ja.), Marple (B. Sm.), Castle Rock (VP.). Chester— Serpentine Barrens near West- town (Le.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). New Jersey— Common. New Castle— 'Near Wooddale, Christiana. Rare. Order 0. URTIOALES. Fruit not an achene (except in Humulus and Cannabis) : trees, shrubs, or herbs, ovule pendulous. Trees with alternate leaves, sap not milky. Fam. 1. Ulmaceae. Trees with alternate leaves and milky sap or opposite leaved herbs, or herbaceous vines. Fam. 2. Moraceae. Fruit an achene; herbs with small clustered greenish flowers; ovule erect or ascending. Fam. 3. Urticaceae. MOB ACE AE. 125 Family 1. ULMACEAE. Elm Family. Flowers borne in clusters on twigs of the preceding season; fruit a samara or nnt-like. 1. Vlmus. Flowers borne on twigs of the season, the pistillate mostly solitary; fruit a drupe. 2. Celtis. 1. ULMUS. Leaves slightly rough above; samara densely ciliate. 1. U. Americana. Leaves very rough above; samara not ciliate. 2. U. fulva. 1. Ulmus Americana L. American White Elm. M. p. 338. Moist woods, especially along rivers in rich soU. Early spring. 2. Ulmus fulva Michx. Slippery or Bed Elm. M. p. 338. Woods. Early spring. "2. CELTIS L. Leaves smooth above. 1. C. occidentalis. Leaves scabrous above. 2. C. crassifolia. 1. Celtis occidentalis L. Nettle-tree, Sugar-berry, Hackberry. M. p. 339. Dry soil. Spring. 2. Celtis crassifolia Lam. Hackberry. M. p. 339. Dry soil. Spring. jK-Mcts— Sellersvillo (Fr.). Montgomery — Green Lane (Br.). Lancas- ter—(P.). Northampton.— {P.). Dauphin— {P.) . Family 2. MORACEAE- Mulberry Family. Trees or shrubs; stipules fugacious. Staminate and pistillate flowers spiked; leaves dentate or lobed. 1. Morus. Staminate flowers racemose or spiked; pistillate capitate. Pistillate perianth deeply 4-clef t ; leaves entire. 2. Toxylon. Pistillate perianth 3-4 toothed; leaves various. 3. Broussonetia. Erect or twining herbs; stipules persistent. Twining vines; pistillate flowers in ament-like clusters. 4. Humulus. Erect herb; pistillate flowers spicate. 5. Cannabis. 1. MORUS. Leaves rough above, pubescent beneath; fruit purple, spikes 2-6 cm. long. 1. M. rubra. Leaves smooth and glabrous, or very nearly so, fruit nearly white; spikes 1-1.5 cm. long. " " 2. M. alba. 1. Morus rubra L. Bed Mulberry. M. p. 340. Rich woods. Spring. 2. Morus alba L. White Mulberry. M. p. 340. Spontaneous near houses. Spring. 2. TOXYLON Raf. 1. Toxylon pomiferum Raf. Osage orange. M. p. 340. Planted for hedges and occasionally spontaneous. Spring. 3. BROUSSONETIA L'Her. 1. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Paper Mulberry. M. p. 340. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. 1<26 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. ■ 4. HUMULUS L. 1. HuMULUS LuPULUS L, Hop. M. p. 341. Alluvial banks. Escaped from cultivation. Summer. 5. CANNABIS L. 1. Cannabis sativa L. Hemp. M. p. 341. Waste places. Summer. Family 3. URTIGACEAE- Nettle Family. Herbs with stinging hairs. Leaves opposite; both kinds of flowers 4-parted; achene straight. 1. Urtica. Leaves alternate ; staminate flowers 5-parted ; achene oblique. 2. Urticastrum. Herbs without stinging hairs. Flower-clusters panicled or spiked, not involucrate leaves mostly opposite. Pistillate calyx 3-parted or of three sepals. 3. Adicea. Pistillate calyx 2-4 toothed or entire. 4. Boehmeria. Flower-clusters involucrate by leafy bracts; leaves alternate. 5. Parietaria. 1. UETICA L. Nettle. Perennials, 0.6-2.2 m. tall; flower clusters large, compound. Leaves ovate, cordate at base. 1. U. dioica. Leaves laciniate, rarely cordate. 2. U. gracilis. Annuals 1..5-4 dm. tall, flower clusters small, oblong, rather dense. 3. U. urens. 1. Urtica dioica L. M. p. 342. Waste places and roadsides. Summer. 2. Urtica gracilis Ait. M. p. 342. Dry soil. Summer. BmcA's— NockamLxon (Fr.) (Ja.). Montgomery— ShannonviWe (Cr.). Z>etot(;are— Haverford, Nitre Hall Mill Dam, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Lans- downe (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Wallingford (Wn.). Lmicaster— Peach Bottom (Le.). Northampton — 'Ei&.?,ton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). Burlington — Bordentown (Wn.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.), Mercer — Trenton (C). Hunterdon — Booles Island, J. S. Moyer (B. C). 3. Urtica urens L. M. p. 342. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — Wissahickon (Je.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Camden— Kaighns Point (Ja.). Hunterdon— Below Booles Island(C.). 2. UETICASTEUM Fabr. 1. Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuiitze. Wood Nettle. M. p. 343. Rich woods. Summer. 3. ADICEA Raf. 1. Adicea pumila (L.) Raf. Bichweed. M. p. 343. Cool and moist shaded places. Summer. 4. BOEHMERIA Jacq. 1. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Willd. False Nettle. M. p. 343. Moist ground. Summer. ABISTOLOCHIACEAE. 127 5. PARIETAEIA L. 1. Parietaria Pennsylvanica Muhl. Pellitory. M. p. 343. Shaded rocky banks. Summer. Bucks — Narrowsville (Br.), near Sellersville (Fr.)- Chester — Phoenixville, Mart. (B. C.) (Sch.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.) (Le.), near Safe Harbor (Wn.). Monmouth — Sandy Hook (C). Order 7. SANTALALES. Tree-parasites, with opposite leaves or scales; fruit a berry. Fam. 1. Loranthaceae. Root-parasites, leaves alternate; fruit a drupe. Fam. 2. Santalaceae. Family 1. LORANTHACEAE D. Don. Mistletoe Family. 1. PHOEADENDRON Nutt. 1. Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh.) Nutt. American Mistletoe. M. p. 345. On various deciduous trees. Summer. Delaware — Middletown, Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), near Elwyn (B. Sm,). Chester— (F.). Lancaster— {F.). Berfcs— Monocacy Junc- tion (Ca.). Burlington — New Lisbon (C), Medford (Br.) (Re.). Camden — Clementon (Br,), Atco, Kaighns Point (C). Gloucester— Near Mickle- ton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Woodbury (C). ^aZem— Riddleton (Cr.), Bushtown (Wa.), Woodstown (C). Cumberland— Yineland, Bridgeton (C), near Millville (Le.). Atlantic — Tiammonton, Landisvillc (C). May's Landing (He.). Ocean— Near Lakewood (C). Mo)pnouth—Ke\- port (C). ilfe?Te/-— Hightstown (C). New Castle— Folly Woods, J. P. Richardson, Tatnall; Townsend, Canby. Family 2. SANTALACEAE R. Br. Sandalwood Family. 1. COMANDRA Nutt. 1. COMANDRA umbellata (L.) Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax. M. p. 345. Dry fields and thickets. Early siimmer. Order 8. ARISTOLOOHIALES. Family 1. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Blume. Birthwort Family. Acaulescent herbs ; perianth regular, persistent ; filaments distinct. 1. Asartim. Erect, leafy-stemmed herbs; perianth irregular; deciduous; anthers sessile. 2, Aristolochia. 1. ASARUM L. Wild Ginger. Sepals lanceolate-acuminate, not reflexed, longer than the hypanthium. 1. A. Canadense. Sepals triangular, merely acute, reflexed, about as long as the hypanthium. 2. A. reflexum. 1. AsARUM Canadense L. M. p. 348. Rich woods. Spring. 128 FLORA OF PHILADKLFHIA. 2. AsARUM REFLEXUM Bicknell. M. p. 349. Rich soil. Along streams. Spring. Delaware— [^F.). Bucks— Bidge Valley, Rock Hill (Fr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton— (P.). 2. ARISTOLOCHIA L. 1. Aristolochia Serpentaria L. Virginia Snalceroot. M. p. 349. Dry woods. Summer. 2. Aristolochia Clematitis L. Birthwort. M. p. 349. Escaped from cultivation. Summer. Order 9. POLYGONALES. Family]. POLYGONACEAE. Buckwheat Family. Stigmas tufted. I. Bumex. Stigmas capitate. Pedicels mostly several together, achene much surpassing the calyx 2. Fagopyrum. Pedicels usually fascicled, achene mostly enclosed by the enlarged calyx, 3. Polygonum. Pedicels solitary; leaves jointed at base. 4. Polygonella. 1. RUMEX L. Sorrel. Dock. Leaves hastate; flowers dioecious, foliage acid, low species. 1. B. Acetosella. Leaves not hastate; flowers perfect or polygamo-dicecious ; foliage scarcely or not at all acid; tall species. Leaves flat, bright or light green, or glaucescent. Tubercles usually 3. 2. B. verticillatus. Tubercle usually 1; pedicels equalling the wings. 3. B. altissimus. Leaves wavy-margined or crisped, dark green, not glaucescent. Wings entire, more or less undulate. Lower leaves narrowed or acuminate at base. 4. B. Britanniva. Lower leaves narrowed or acvuninate at base. Tubercles mostly 3, pedicels long. 5. B. crispus. Tubercle 1 ; inflorescence not leafy, pedicels short. 6. B. sanguineus. Wings toothed or fringed. Lower leaves cordate. 7. B. obtusifolius. Lower leaves mostly narrowed at base. 8. B. persicarioides. 1. Rumex Acetosella L, Field or Sheep Sorrel. M. p. 354. Dry fields and hillsides. Summer. 2. Rumex verticillatus L. Swaanp Dock. M. p. 354. Swamps. Summer, Delaware— Swarthmore (Ws.). Burlington — Medf Old (St.). Cape May — Wildwood (Cr.) (Wn.), Anglesea (Ke.). New Castle— ^dgemooT, Canby; Cedar Swamp, Commons; Delaware City, etc. 3. Rumex altissimus Wood. M. p. 355. Moist grounds. Spring. Lancaster — Safe Harbor (P.). POLYGON ACE AK. 129 4. RuMEX Britannica L. M. p. 356. Wet places. Summer. Lancaster— York Furnace (Cr.) (Mac). Cape May— Anglesesi (He.) (Li.). Hunterdon — Near Rosemont (C). 5. RuMEX CRiSPUS L. Curled Dock. M. p. 356. Cultivated and waste grounds. Summer. 6. RUMEX SANGUINEUS L. M. p. 356. Waste places. Summer. Bttcfcs— Near Sellersville (Fr.), Rockfield (P.). Lefei^/i— Saegersville (Kr.). Camden — Ancora (Gi.). 7. RuMEX OBTUSiFOLius L. Bitter Bock. M. p. 357. Waste places. Summer. 8. RuMEX PERSiCARioiDE.s L. Golden Docl:. M. p. 357. Sandy shores. Summer. Delaware— Along the Delaware, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sra.). RuMEX CONGLOMERATUS Murr. Waste places. Summer. Camden — Wharf at Camden (Li.). RUMEX MARITIMUS L. Golden Dock. Philadelphia— Old Navy Yard, I. Burk (He.). Camden— Ballast (C). Ocean and Monmouth — Salt marshes (C). 2. FAGOPYRUM L. 1. Fagopyrum Fagopyrum (L.) Karst. Buckwheat. M. p. 358. Waste places. Summer. 3. POLYGONUM L. Smartweed, Knotweed. 1. Flowers in terminal spike-like racemes; calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted; stem not twining. Racemes solitary or 2 ; aquatic or swamp species ; perennials. Leaves oblong, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, not acuminate. 1. P. amphibium. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, usually acuminate. 2. P. emersum. Racemes several or numerous; annuals or perennials mostly terrestrial. Ocreae naked or ciliolate, their limbs not spreading. Racemes drooping. Achene ovoid; style 2-parted to near the base. 3. P. incarnatum. Achene broadly oblong-ovoid, style 2-cleft to below the middle. 4. P. lapathifoUum. Racemes erect. 5. P. Pennsylvanicvm. Ocreae fringed with bristles, their limbs not spreading. Racemes not interrupted, erect, achene lenticular or 3-angled. 6. P. Persicaria. Racemes not interrupted, drooping. 7, P. Careyi. Racemes not interrupted, erect; achene always 3-angled. 8. P. hydropiperoides. Racemes interrupted, erect or drooping. Achene granular and dull ; racemes drooping. 9. P. Hydropiper. Achene smooth, shining; racemes erect. 10. P. punctatum. Ocreae fringed with bristles, their limbs normally spreading. 11. P. orientale. 2. Flowers in long, naked, much-interrupted, spike-like racemes; calyx 4- parted. 12. P. Virginianum. 130 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. Flowers in axillary clusters ; stems more or less wiry, not twining. Plant prostrate ; acliene invested by the calyx. Leaves mostly acute; style 3-partecl to below the middle. 13. P. aviculare. Leaves mostly obtuse; style 3-parted to the base. 14. P. littorale. Plants prostrate, achene protruding beyond the calyx. 15. P. maritimum. Plants erect or ascending, rather stout. Leaves oval, oblong, or obovate, persistent. 16. P. ereetum. Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear-oblong, persistent. 17. P. ramosissimum. Plants strictly erect and very slender. 18. P. tenue. 4. Flowers in axillary and terminal ckisters, racemes or panicled racemes; stems mostly twining. Stems twining; herbaceous vines. Outer segments of the calyx unchanged or keeled in fruit. Achene granular and dull, ocreae not bristly. 19. P. Convolvulus. Achene smooth and shining, ocreae bristly. 20. P. eilinode. Outer segments of the calyx conspicuously winged in fruit. Calyx wings not incised. 21. P. scandens. Calyx wings incised. 22. P. cristatum. Stems stout, erect, tall; outer calyx-segments winged in fruit. 23. P. Zuccarinii. 5. Flowers in capitate clusters or racemes; stems climbing by recurved prickles. Leaves sagittate; achene 3-angled. 24. P. sagittatum. Leaves halberd-shaped; achene lenticular. 25. P. arifoUum. 1. Polygonum amphibium L. M. p. 360. Ponds. Summer. Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.) (He.) (Li.). Northampton— CP.). Dauphin Steelton (Wn.). Himterdon— (C). New Castle— Qherry Island, Holly Oak, Vandyke, etc. 2. Polygonum emersum (Michx.) Britton. M. p. 360. Swamps and moist soil. Summer. BucJcs — Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Tinieum, T. C. Palmer (Fu.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — 'Easton, Porter (B.C.). Gloucester — 'Re-pSi.u^o (He.). Mercer — Below Trenton (C). Hun- terdon— Bulls Island (C). 3. Polygonum incarnatum Ell. M. p. 360. Wet soil. Summer. Lancaster— (P.) . Northampton— {P.). Dauphin — (P.). Camden — Banks of Delaware (C). 4. Polygonum lapathifolium L. M. p. 361. Waste places. Summer, Philadelphia — Fairmount Park (Ja.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Z>eZot(;are— Lansdowne (Gi.). Chester— West Chester (P.). Cape May— Anglesea (He.) (Li.) 5. Polygonum Pennsylvanicum L. M. p. 361. Moist soil. Summer. 6. Polygonum Persicaria L. Lady's Thumb. M. p. 361. Waste places. Summer. 7. Polygonum Careyi Olney. M. p. 362. Marshes. Summer. Burlington— Vomher.tan (C), Brown Mills (He.) (Li.). Camden— FOLYGONACEAE. 131 Winslow (C). G?o?icesteZou'are — Marple, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Chester — Westtov^n, West Chester (Me.) (Pr.), West Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster— New Texas (Ca.). 2. CLAYTONIA L. 1. Claytonia Virginica L. Spring Beauty. M. p. 385. Moist woods. Spring. 3. POKTULACA L. Glabrous throughout; flowers small, yellow. 1. P. oleracea. Pilose pubescent, especially in the axils. 2. P. pilosa. 1. Portulaca oleracea L. Purslane. M. p. 386. Cultivated and waste grounds. Summer. 2. Portulaca pilosa L. M. p. 386. Ballast. Summer. Camden — Camden (He.). Family 7. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Keichenb. Pink Family. *Calyx of united sepals, tubular or ovoid. Calyx-ribs at least twice as many as the teeth, running both into the teeth and into the sinuses. Styles 5, alternate with the foliaceous calyx-teeth. 1. Agrostemma. Styles 3, rarely 4. 2. Silene. Styles 5 and opposite the short calyx-teeth, capsule l-(Jelled to base. 3. Lychnis. Calyx 5-ribbed, 5-nerved, or nerveless, or striate-nerved. Petals appendaged at the base of the blade. 4. Saponaria. Petals not appendaged at the base of the blade. Calyx strongly 5-angled, not bracteolate. 5. Faccaria. Calyx terete or nearly so, subtended by bractlets. 6. Bianthus. 138 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. *"*Calyx of distinct sepals, or the sepals united only at the base. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent by apical teeth or valves. Styles separate to the base; stipules wanting. Plants not fleshy; disk of the flower inconspicuous or none. Petals deeply 2-cleft or 2 -parted (rarely none). Capsule ovoid or oblong, dehiscent by valves. 7. Alsine. Capsule cylindric, commonly curved, dehiscent by teeth. 8. Cerastium. Petals entire or emarginate (rarely none). Capsule cylindric. 9. Holosteum. Capsule ovoid or oblong. Styles as many as the sepals. 10. Sagina. Styles fewer than the sepals. Seeds not appendaged by a strophiole. 11. Arenaria. Seeds strophiolate. 12. Moehringia. Plants fleshy, maritime, disk conspicuous, 8-10-lobed. 13. Ammodenia, Styles separate to the base; stipules scarious. Styles and capsule-valves 5. 14. Spergula. Styles and capsule-valves 3. 15. Tissa. Fruit an indehiscent or irregularly-bursting utricle or achene. Leaves stipulate. Sepals awn-tipped. 16. Paronychia. Sepals awnless. 17. Anychia. Leaves not stipulate. 18. Sclerantlius. 1. AGEOSTEMMA L. 1. Agrostemma Githago L. Corn Coclie. M. p. 388. In grain fields and waste places. Summer. 2. SILENE L. Catchfly, Campion. Leaves, or some Of them, verticillate in 4 's. 1. 8. stellatu. Leaves all opposite. Calyx much inflated and bladdery. Flowers few, leafy-bracted. 2. S. alba. Flowers numerous, in leafless cymes. 3. S. viUgari.t. Calyx merely expanded by the ripening pod. Flowers cymose or paniculate. Day-blooming, flowers rarely white, mostly pink or red. Perennials, more or less viscid-pubescent. Petals 2-cleft, 2-lobed, or irregularly incised, scarlet or crimson. 4. S. Virginica. Petals erose, entire or emarginate, pink. 5. S. Caroliniana. Annuals, glutinous at or below the nodes. Calyx ovoid. 6. S. anlirrliina. Calyx club-shaped; flowers large, cymose. 7. S. Armcria. Night-blooming, flowers large, white. 8, S. noctiflora. Flowers spicate or racemose, short-pedicelled. Spike-like raceme simple; flowers small. 9. S. Anglica. Raceme forked; flowers 12-16 mm. broad. 10. S. dicliotoma. 1. SiLENE STELLATA (L.) Ait. Starry Campion. M. p. 389. Woods. Summer. 2. SiLENE ALBA Muhl. M. p. 389. Shaded or moist places. Summer. Lancaster — Peach Bottom (Ca.) (Pr.), York Furnace (Cr.) (Le.), mouth of Tucquan Creek (St.), Safe Harbor (W. Tr.). CARYOPRYLLACEAK. 139 3. SiLKNE VULUMUS (Moench.) Garcke. Bladder Caminon. M. p. 389. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Greenv^'ich Point (Te.), Wayne .Junction (Wn.). North- ampton—(F.). C«mde«—Kaighn's Point (He.) (Wn.). Merce;-- Trenton (C). 4. SiLENE ViRGiNiCA L. Fire Pink, Catchfly. M. p. 390. Dry woods. Summer. Camden — Camden (C). Gloucester— Woodhurj (Gi.). New Castle— Townsend, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.), Thatcher's, Mount Cuba. 0. SiLENE Cakoliniana Walt. Wild Piiil. M. p. 390. Dry sandy or rocky soil. Spring. 6. SiLENE ANTIRRHINA L. Sleepy Catchfly. M. p. 390. Waste places and woods. Summer. 7. SiLENE Armeria L. Sweet William Catchfly. M. p. 390. Escaped from gardens. Early summer. 8. SiLENE noctiflora L. Night-floweriug Catchfly. M. p. 391. Waste places. Summer. 9. Silene Anglica L. M. p. 391. Ballast. Spring. Philadelphia— 'Wayne Junction (Br.), Greenwich Point, I. Burl- (He.). Northampton — (P.) . Camden — Kaighn's Point, C. A. Boice (B. C.) (Ja.). 10. Silene dichotoma Ehrh. M. p. 391. Waste places. Summer. Mercer— Trenton (C). 3. LYCHNIS L. CaljTC-teeth not twisted; plants pubescent, glandular or glabrate. Fruiting calyx much enlarged, ovoid or globose. Flowers white or pink, opening in the evening. 1. L. alba. Flowers red, opening in the morning. 2. L. dioica. Fruiting calyx campanulate or tubular. 3. L. Flos-cuculi. Calyx-teeth twisted, plant white-woolly all over. 4. L. Coronaria. 1. Lychnis alba Mill. Evening Lychnis. M. p. 392. Waste places and on ballast. Summer. PhUadelphia— Ballast, C. A. Boice (B. C), FaUs of Schuylkill (Pr.). Neck (VP.). 5«cA-s — Doylestown, A. S. Martin; Sellersville (Fr.). De^ott'are — Lansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Northampton — (P.). Caw cZe « — Kaighn's Point, Ancora (Mar.) (Sch.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.), National Park (VP.). Monmouth— Liong Branch (C). Mercer — Trenton (C). New CaseiaM;are— Mineral Hill < He.), Cheyney (Ws.). Chester— {F.). Lan- caster—'^evf Texas (Ca.). 9. HOLOSTEUM L. 1. Holosteum umbellatum L. M. p. 398. Fields and roadsides. Spring. Lancaster— Ijaneaster, A. A. Heller (B. C), Conestoga (Li.). Dauphin — Black Horse, Middletown (S. Tr.). 142 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. New Castle — Centerville, Commons; Newark, Canby; Mt. Cuba, Tatnali. 10. S AGIN A L. Pearlwort. Parts of the flower in 4's (or some of the flowers in 5's). Plant depressed, spreading, petals present. 1. S. procumbens. Plant erect ; petals very minute or none. 2. S. apetala. Parts of the flower in 5 's. 3. S. decumbens. 1. Sagina procumbens L. M. p. 399. Moist places. Spring and summer. Philadelphia — Streets and yards between paving bricks. Northampton — Streets of Bath (P.). Camden — Streets and ballast, Camden (C). Monmouth — Asbury Park (Te.). Mercer— Streets, Princeton (C). New Castle — Quarryvdlle, Commons; Tenth street near Orange; sidC' yard, 1803 Market street, etc. 2. Sagina apetala Ard. M, p. 399. Dry soil. Early summer. Buclcs — Near Sellersville (Fr.). Lancaster — (P.). Burlington — Hanover (C). Camden — Ballast (C). 3. Sagina decumbens (Ell.) T. & G. M. p. 399. Dry soil. Spring. Burlington — Pemberton (Te.). Camden — Glovxcester and ballast (C.). Gloucester— 'Westville (Wn.). Salem— Mouth of Game Creek (C). Cape May — Wildwood (He.) (Li.). Atlantic — Egg Harbor, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.) (Sts.), Atlantic City, May's Landing (C), Hammonton (W. Tr.). Monmouth — Deal (C). 3a. Sagina becumbens Smithii (A. Gray) S. Watson. M. p. 399. Damp soil. Spring. Atlantic— X\Aa.\\t\i.' City, Soniers ' Point (C). 11. ARENAEIA L. Sandwort. Valves of the capsule 2-cleft or 2-toothed, sometimes appearing as if double the number of styles. 1. A. serpyllifoUa. A^'alves of the ca]isule entire. Leaves densely imbricated, pine-barren species. 2. A. Caroliniana. Leaves fascicled in the axils. 3. A. Michauxii. 1. ARENAiiiA serpyllifolia L. M. p. 400. Sandy waste places. Summeri 2. Arenaria Caroliniana Walt. M. p. 401. Dry sand. Summer. New Jersey — Common in pine-barrens. 3. Arenaria Michauxii (Eenzl.) Hook. f. M. p. 401. Rocks and dry wooded banks. Summer. Bwc^s— Near Point Pleasant (Fr.), Narrowsville (Li.), below Eiegels- ville (Ws.). Montgomery — Ivy Rock. Chester— West Chester, Mart. (B. C.) (He.) (Pr.). Lancaster- (P.). Northampton — (P.). Neui Castle — Serpentine, Christiana Hd., Commons. 12. MOEHRINGIA L. 1. Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl. M. p. 402. Moist places. Sum- mer. Bucks— B.ook Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— 'Br jn Mawr (Gi.). Delaware —Near State Line (Ta.). Chester— {Y.). Lancaster— (F.). CAKIOFHYLLACEAE. 143 Crt»ir/eji-Lindenwokl (VP.)- ^^po ^lic;?/ -Anglesea, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.)- Atlantic— Atlantic City. 13. AMMODENIA J. G. Gmel. 1. AMMODENIA PEPLOiDEs (L.) Rnpr. Sea-beack Savdivort. M. p. 402. Sands of the seashore. Summer. 14. SPERGULA L. 1. Spergula arvensis L. Corn Simrrey. M. p. 402. Fiehis and waste places. Summer. 15. TISSA Adans. Sand Spurkey. Species of salt marshes or sea-beaches; leaves very fleshy. 1. T. marina. Species mostly of dry, sandy soil; leaves scarcely fleshy. 2. T. rubra. 1. TisSA MARINA (L.) Britton. M. p. 403. Salt marshes. Summer. New Jersey — Common. New Castle— Deakjnes, rare. 2. TisSA RUBRA (L.) Britton. M. p. 403. Waste places and roadsides; also seacoast. Philadelphia— :NsiV J Yard, Mart. (B. C), streets of city. Bucks -Fer- kasie (Fr.). Lancaster— {I'.). Dauphin— (P.). Camden— Kaighn's Point (Te.). Gloucester— Mickleton (C). Cape May — Sea Isle (Li.), Cape May Court-house (U. C. S.). Atlantic — Atlantic City. Middlesex— 'New Brunswick (C). 16. PARONYCHIA Adans. 1. Paronychia argyrocoma (Michx.) Nutt. Whitlow -wort. M. p. 404. Rocks. Summer. Philadelphia— "Wissahiekon (Je.). Petowa re— Rockdale, Dr. Geo. Mar- tin (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Nortlmmpton—Ten Argyle (U. C. S.). 17. ANYCHIA Michx. Pubescent; flowers sessile; stems mostly prostrate or ascending. 1. A. dichotoma. Glabrous or nearly so ; flowers pedicelled ; stems usually erect. 2. A. Canadensis. 1. Anychia dichotoma Michx. M. p. 405. Open places and dry woods. Summer. 2. Anychia Canadensis (L.) B. S. P. M. p. 405. Dry woodlands. Sum- mer. 18. SCLERANTHUS L. 1. Scleranthus annuus L. Knawel. M. p. 405. Fields and waste places. Spring to autumn. Order 11. RANALES. Aquatic herbs; floating leaves peltate, or with a basal sinus. Carpels 3 or more; petals large; floating leaves not dissected. Fam. 1. Nymphaeaoeae. ]44 FLOE A OF PHILADKLFEIA. Pistil 1; petals nonej leaves whorled, all submerged and dissected. Fam. 2. Ceratophyllaeeae. Land or marsh plants (some Eanunculaceae aquatic). Stamens numerous; sepals distinct; petals present (except in some Eanunculaceae). Eeceptacle not hollow; leaves alternate (except in Clematis). FlovFers perfect (except in some species of Clematis and Tha- lictrum). Fruit aggregate, cone-like ; trees ; sepals and petals in 3 series or more, of 3. Fam. 3. Magnoliaceae. Fruit not aggregate; the carpels separate, at least when mature. Anthers not opening by valves; pistils usually more than 1. Sepals 3; i^etals 6; shrubs or trees. Fam. 4. Anonaceae. Sepals 3-15; petals (when present) about as many, Fam. 5. Banunculaceae. Anthers opening by valves (except in Podophyllum) ; pistil 1. Fam. 6. Berber idaceae. Dioecious climbing vines with simple leaves; fruit drupaceous. Fam. 7. Menispermaceae. Eeceptacle hollow, enclosing the numerous pistils and achenes; opposite-leaved shrubs. Fam. 8. Calycanthaceae. Stamens 9-12, in 3 or 4 series of 3; anthers opening by valves; aro- matic trees or shrubs with no petals, more or less united sepals, and 1 pistil. Fam. 9. Lauraceae. Family 1. NYMPHAEACEAE DC. Water-lily Family. Sepals and petals 3 ; stamens 6, hypogynous ; carpels distinct ; ovules few. Leaves dissected, excepting the small floating ones. 1. Cabomha. Leaves peltate, entire, floating. 2. Brasenia. Sepals 4-6 ; petals numerous or several, carpels united ; ovules numerous. Petals small or minute; stamens hypogynous. 3. NymiyJiaea. Petals large, numerous, stamens epigynous. 4. Castalia. Sepals 4-5 ; petals numerous ; carpels distinct, immersed in the receptacle. 5. Nelumbo. 1. CABOMBA Aubl. 1. Cabomba Caroliniana a. Gray. M. p. 406. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. CoTn den— Timber Creek (Br.). New CastZe— Established in Fish Ponds. 2. BEASENIA Schreb. 1. Brasenia purpurea (Michx.) Casp. Water-shield. M. p. 406. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. 3. NYMPHAEA L. Spatter-dock. Leaves 1-3 dm. long; stigma 12-24-rayed; petals truncate, fleshy. 1. N. advena. Leaves 0.5-2.5 dm. long; stigma 7-10-rayed; petals spatulate, thin. 2. N. variegata. 1. Nymphaea advena Soland. ^patier Dock. M. p. 407. Still or stagnant water. Summer. MAGNOLIACEAE. 145 2. Nymphaea variegata Engelm. M. p. 407. (N. Kalmiana.) ytill or stagnant water. Summer. ^Mcfcs— Warwick Twp. (B. C), Tohiekon (Fr.). Lartcaster— Tucquan (Ca.), York Furnace (He.), Collins' Ferry (P.). Le/ii^r/t— Lehigli Gap (Kr.). Burlington— B&rxaah Creek, Atsion (C). CaMiden— Clementon (Wu.). Atlantic— HL&j's Landing (Li.). Mercer— Trenton (Wn.). 4. CASTALIA Salisb. Water-Lily. 1. Castalia odobata (Dryand) Woodv. & Wood. Water-Lily. M, p. 407. Ponds and slow streams. Summer, la. Castalia oborata rosea (Pursh.) Britton. M. p. 407. Ponds. Sum- mer. 6'aZem— Woodstown (C). Oceon— Manchester (C). 5. NELUMBO Adans. Sacred Bean. i'lowers pale yellow. 1. N. luteu. Flowers pink or white. 2. N. Nelumho. 1. Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. American Lotus. M. p. 408. Ponds and ditches. Summer. Philadelphia — Schuylkill (Ca.). Delaware — Marcus Hook (B. Sm.). Salem — Woodstown, Sharptown. New Castle — Established in Fish Ponds. 2. Nelumbo Nelumbo (L.) Karst. Indian Lotus. M. p. 408. Ponds. Summer. jB«rZw^■' i 19. FICARIA Huds. 1. FiCARiA FiCARiA (L.) Karst. Lesser Celandine. M. p. 430. Escaped from gardens. Spring. Fhiladelphia—Wissahiekon (Je.) (Me.) (St.), West Park in Nurseries (VP.). i>eto ware— Lansdowne (Mac). 20. OXYGRAPHIS Bunge. 1. OxYGBAPHis Cymbalaria (Pursh.) Prantl. Seaside Crowfoot. M. p, 430. Sandy shores. Summer. ^«o«e^aware— Near Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Camden— Kaighn 's Point, C. A. Boice (B. C.) (Ja.). 3. Papaver dubium L. M. p. 438. Waste and cultivated grounds. Sum- mer. Montgomery — Krcoia (Cr.). Petoware — Darlington Station (Fu,), Newtown Square (Ja.), Burmont (Mac), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Glen Mills (S. Tr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— Pleasant Grove (Ca.), Paradise (St.), Bird-in-Hand (Wn.). Northamp- ton—(P.). Bu7-lin gton — Moorestown (Sts.). Camde« - Kaighn 's Point (Ja.) (Wn.). Oceari— Forked River (Ja.). Neir Castle — Point Lookout, etc. Scarce. 4. Papaver Argemone L. M. p. 438. Waste grounds and on ballast. Summer. Philadelphia — ( P. ) . 156 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. AKGEMONE L. 1. Argemone Mexicana L. Mexican or Prickly Poppy. M. p. 439. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Greenwich Point (Te.). Bucks — Bedminster, Hilltown (Fr.). Delaware— IS ear Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord, about gardens (W. Tr.). Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh— Co-plaj (Kt.). Northampton— {P.). Burlington — Eiverton (C). Camden — Kaighn's Point, C. A. Boice (B. C.) (Ja.). Mercer- Trenton (C). New Castle — Wilmington, streets, Commons. 3. SANGUINAEIA L. 1. Sanguinaria Canadensis L. Blood-root. M. p. 439. Rich woods. Spring. 4. GLAUCIUM Juss. 1. Glaucium Glaucium (L.) Karst. Horn-poppy. M, p. 440. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Gibson's Point (Mac). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (He.) (Ja.) (Wn.). 3fercer— Princeton (C). New Castle — Greenbank, Commons. Glaucium corniculatum Curtis. Northampton— On African Ore pile, Bethlehem Iron Co., E. A. Rau (Kr.) 5. CHELIDONIUM L. 1. Chelidonium majus L. Celandine. M. p. 440. Waste places. Sum- mer. 6. BICUCULLA Adans. Spurs divergent; inner petals minutely crested. 1. B. CucuUaria. Spurs short, rounded; inner petals conspicuously crested. 2. B. Canadensis. 1, BicucuLLA CucuLLARiA (L.) MiUsp. Dutchman' s-hreechcs. M. p. 440. Rich woods. Spring. 2. BicucuLLA Canadensis (Goldie) Millsp. Squirrel-corn. M. p. 441. Rich woods. Spring. P/ii/adei2)/iia— Wissahickon (Me.), Falls of Schuylkill (Pr.). Bucks— Bedminster (Fr.). Moni^omeri/ — Pencoyd (Re.), Flat Rock Tunnel (Te.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— Fishing Creek (Ca.). Dauphin — Harrisburg (Wn.). 7. ADLUMIA Raf. 1. Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene. Climbing Fumitory. M. p. 441. Moist woods. Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahiekon (W. Tr.). ^«c^s— Rock Hill (Fr.) (Ja.), Narrows (Ws.). Montgomery — Schwenksville (Cr.) (U. C. S.), West Conshohocken (Mac), Sumneytown (VP.), Uhl's Mill (Wn.). Chester— Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C), French Creek (S. Tr.). Lancaster— Pequea Creek (Ca.), York Furnace, mouth of Tucquan Creek (St.). Lehigh— Ijehigh Mountain (Kr.). Somerset— Peapack (C). CBVCIFEBAE. IgJ New Casfie— Brandywine Creek near Wilmington (Pr.), Bockford, Du- ponts. Rare. 8. CAPNOIDES Adans. Cobydalis. Stems tall; flowers pink with yellow tips. 1. C. sempervirens. Stems low, diffuse or ascending; flowers yellow. 2. C. flavvium. 1. Oapnoides sempervirens (L.) Borck. M. p. 441. Rocky places. Spring and summer. Philadelphia — Wissahickon (Je.). Bucks — Rock Hill (Fr.), Argua (Wn.). Montgomery — Spring Mount near Schwenksville (U. C. S.), Sumneytown (VP.). Chester— S>t. Peter's (Ke.), Falls of l"^ench Creek (Sa.). Lancaster— Feach Bottom (Ca.), banks of Susquehanna (W. Tr.). Lefei^ /i—Trexlertown (Her.), Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Dauphin— {P.). Mercer — Princeton (Te.). J?«nterdo/i— Milford (Ws.). 2. Capnoides flavulum (Raf.) Kuntze. M. p. 442. Rocky woods. Early- summer. Philadelphia — 'Wissahickon, I. Burk (He.), Robinson's Knoll (Ke.) (Te.), Fairmount Park (Mar.), Manayunk (Pr.). Bucfcs— Carversville, rare (Ca.), Yardley, A. B. Kaufman (Fr.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster —Along the Susquehanna (Le.). Dawp ftm—Steelton (Wn.). Camden— Banks of Delaware (C). Cape Mai/— Delaware Bay (C). Mercer — Trenton, Princeton (C). Hunterdon — PLoWand., Raven Bock (C), Milford (B. Sm.). New Cosfie- Namaan's Creek near Harvey. 9. FUMARIA L. 1. FuMARiA OFFICINALIS L. Fumitory. M. p. 442. Waste places and bal last. Summer. Family 2. CRUCIFERAE. Mustard Family. •Pod a silique or silicle, dehiscent into two valves to the base. fPod an elongated-linear silique, or at least twice as long as wide. 1. Silique terete, 4-sided, or compressed, very short-stipitate, or sessile on the receptacle. a. Silique tipped with the short, slender style, or style none. Seeds globose or oblong, wingless. Seeds in 2 rows in each cell of the pod. Pubescence, when present, of simple hairs. 12. Eoripa. Pubescence of forked hairs; leaves finely dissected. 22. Sophia. Seeds in only 1 row in each cell. Leaves renif orm or cordate, undulate or repand ; flowers white. 4. Alliaria. Leaves dentate or pinnatifid ; hairs simple ; flowers yel- low. 5. Sisymbriuvi. Leaves finely dissected; pubescence of forked hairs; flow- ers yellow. 22. Sophia. Leaves entire, or slightly toothed. Flowers white or pink. 23. Stenophragma. Flowers yellow. 25. Erysimum. Flowers large, purple, purplish, or white. 28. Hesperis. FLORA OP PHILADELPHIA. Seeds flat, wingless, or winged. Siliques 4-angled, the valves keeled; flowers yellow. 11. Barbarea. Siliques flat or flattish. Valves of the silique nerveless. Stems leafy below or throughout. 13. Cardamine. Stems leafless below, 2-4 leaved above. 14. Dentaria. Valves of the silique l-nerved or veiny, not elastically de- hiscent. 24. Arabis. b. Silique produced into a beak beyond the valves. Beak conic, very short in No. 8. Silique terete ; seeds in 1 row. 8. Brassica. Silique flat; seeds in 2 rows. 9. Diplotaxis. Beak flat, sword-shaped. 7. Siriapis. U. Silique elliptic or oblong, very flat, 2-3 times as long as broad, cleai'ly stipitate. 15. Lunaria. ffPod an orbicular globose or oblong silicle, or but little more than twice as long as wide. a. Silicle globose, or flattened parallel with the septum. Silicle globose, or terete-oblong, little or not at all compressed. Seeds minute, round, not flattened, in 2 rows in each celL 12. Boripa. Seeds flat; silicle inflated; plants stellate-pubescent. 16. Lesquerella. Silicle compressed or flat, many-seeded. 21. Draba, Silicle compressed or flat, many-seeded. Flowers yellow. 26. Alyssum. Flowers white. 27. Koniga. Silicle pear-shaped or obovoid, many-seeded. 18. Camelina, b. Silicle flattened at right angles to the narrow septum. Seeds several in each cell of the silicle. Silicle triangular, obcuneate. 17. Bursa. Silicle oblong or orbicular, winged all around. 3. Thlaspi. Seeds solitary in each cell, compressed. 1. Lepidium. **Pod indehiscent, short or elongated. Pod broader than long, more or less didymous. 2. Corovopiis. Pod globose, reticulated. 19. Neslia. Pod elongated. Pod of 2 joints, separating at maturity. Lower joint of pod seedless or 2-4-seeded; cotyledons condupli- cate. 20. Rapistrum. Lower joint of pod 1-seeded; cotvledons accumbent. 6. CaJcile. Pod constricted between the seeds, not jointed, beaked. 10. Raphanus. 1. LEPIDIUM L. Peppergrass. Stem-leaves clasping by an auriculate base. Pods broadly ovate, winged. 1. L. campestre. Pods wingless, broader than long. 2. L. Draba. Stem-leaves petioled or sessile, not clasping. Pods and seeds entirely wingless ; petals none. 3. L. ruderale. Pods slightly winged above, orbicular or oval, about 2 mm. broad; petals present or none. Cotyledons accumbent ; petals generally present. 4. L. Virginicum, Cotyledons incumbent; petals minute or wanting. 5. 2/. apetalum. CRVCIFEEAE. 159 1. Lepidium campestke (L.) K. Br. Cow-cie!i.s. M. p. 445. Fields anci waste places. Summer. 2. Lepidium Draba L. M. p. 445. Ballast. Spring. Camden— Kaighn'B Point (Ja.) (Wn.). 3. Lepidium ruderale L. M. p. 445. Roadsides, waste places, and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Navy Yard, Mart. (B. C), West Philadelphia (Mac), Girard Point (Te.). Northampton — 'Easton, Farter (B. C). Burlington— Moorestown (Sts.). Camde?i—Kaighn's Point. Mercer- Trenton (C). New Castle — Streets, Port Penn, Delaware City, wharves, Tatnall; Swedes' Church, Wilmington, Commons. 4. Lepidium Virginicum. M. p. 446. Fields and roadsides. Summer. 5. Lepidium apetalum Willd. M. p. 446. Dry places. Summer. Philadelphia — Philadelphia, Mart. (B. C), Greenwich Point (Te.). Bucks— Point Pleasant (Fr.). Cam de?i— Camden, ballast. Mart. (B. C). Gloucester— Near Mickleton (He.), near Swedesboro (Li.). Lepidium graminifolium L. Ballast. Camden— Kaighn's Point (Ja.). Lepidium Smithii Hook. Ballast. Philadelphia— Girard Point (Te.). 2. CORONOPUS Gaertn. Wart Cress, Swine Cress. Pod rugose, not crested. 1. C. didymus. Pod coarsely wrinkled, crested. 2. C. Coronopus. 1. Coronopus didymus (L.) J. E. Smith. M. p. 446. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Bjherry, Mart. (B. C), Greenwich Point, Girard Point (Te.). Camden— Kaighn's Point (Ja.) (Wn.). 2. Coronopus Coronopus (L.) Karst. M. p. 446. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Green-wich Point, Girard Point (Te.). Chester — (P.). Comden— Kaighn 's Point, C. A. Boice (B. C.) (Wn.). 3. THLASPI L. 1. Thlaspi arvense L. Pennycress. M. p. 447. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia — Fairmount Park, Mart. (B. C), Columbia Bridge, E. Difenbaugh (B. C). Bucks— Roek Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— Jenkin- town (Pr.). Lancaster— Paradise (St.). Conrden— Kaighn's Point (Ja.). if ercer— Trenton (C). 4. ALLIARIA Adans. 1. Alliakia Alliakia (L.) Britton. Hedge Garlic, Garlic Mustard. M. p, 447. Waste places, woods, and along roadsides. Spring. Philadelphia— "East of School Lane, Germantown (VP.). Montgomery —Above Flat Roek Tunnel (VP.). 160 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 5. SISYMBRIUM L. Hedge Mustakd. Flowers yellow; pods 1-1.5 cm. long, appressed. 1. S. officinale. Flowers cream-color; pods 5-10 cm. long, divergent. 2. 8. altissimum. 1. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. M. p. 448. Waste places. Summer. 2. Sisymbrium altissimum L. M. p. 448. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Girard Point (Ja.), Neck (VP.). 5«cfcs— Sellers ville (Fr.). Northampton— Bethlehem (P.). Delaware— 'Ridley (B. Sm,). 6. CAKILE Gaertu. 1. Cakile edentula (Bigel) Hook. American Sea-rocket. M. p. 448. Sea- coast; also ballast. Summer. New Jersey — Seacoast, common. Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Wn.). 7. SINAPIS L. 1. SiNAPis ALBA L. White Mustard. M. p. 449. Fields and waste places. Summer. 8. BRASSICA L. None of the leaves clasping the stem, the upper sessile. Pods slender, 1-2.5 cm. long, appressed. 1. B. nigra. Pods rather slender, 2-5 cm. long, erect, not appressed, on slender pedi- cels 6-10 mm. long. 2. B. juncea. Pods spreading or ascending at maturity, on stout pedicels 4-6 mm. long. 3. B. arvensis. Upper leaves clasping by an aurieled base. 4. B. campestris. 1. Brassica NIGRA (L.) Koch. Black Mustard. M. p. 449. Fields and waste places. Summer. 2. Brassica juncea (L.) Cosson. Indian Mustard. M. p. 449. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Wiasahickon (VP.). Northampton— (P.). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Ja.). 3. Brassica arvensis (L.) B. S. P. Charlock. M. p. 450. Fields and waste places. Summer. 4. Brassica campestris L. Butabaga, Turnip. M. p. 450. Fields and waste places. Summer. C'am^Zen— Kaighn 's Point (Ja.). Brassica Napus L. Rape. M. p. 450. Ballast. Summer . 9. DIPLOTAXIS DC. Rocket. Perennial ; stem leafy nearly to the inflorescence. 1. D. tenuifolia. Annual; leaves mostly basal, oblanceolate. 2. D. muralis. 1. Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. M. p. 450. Ballast. Summer. Camde?!— Kaighn 's Point (He.) (Ja,). 2. Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. M. p. 450. Ballast. Summer. Ca7»7 den— Kaighn 's Point (Ja.) (Wn.). 10. RAPHANUS L. Flowers yellow, fading white ; pod longitudinally grooved, 4-10-seeded. 1. R. Raphanistrum. Flowers pink or white ; pod not longitudinally grooved, 2-3-seeded. 2. R. sativus. CRUCIFEBAE. Id 1. Eaphanus Raphanistrum L. Wild Radish. M. p. 450. Fields &nA waste places. Summer. 2. Raphanus sativus T-. Garden Radish. M. p. 450. Escaped from culti- vation. Summer. 11. BARBAREA R. Br, Winter Cress. Pods obtusely 4-angled, slender-pedicelled ; leaf -segments 1-4 pairs. Pods divergent or ascending. 1. B. Barbarea. Pods erect, appressed. 2. B. stricta. Pods sharply 4-angled, stout pedicelled ; leaf -segments 4-8 pairs. 3. B. praecox. 1. Barbarea Barbarea (L.) MacM. Yellow Rocket. M. p. 451. Low grounds and roadsides. Spring. 2. Barbarea stricta Andrz. M. p. 451. Fields and waste places. Spring. 3. Barbarea praecox (J. E. Smith) R. Br. M. p. 451. Waste places. Spring. Philadelphia— Up^er Wissahickon (Je.), Germantown (Me.). Bucks— Sellersville, Doylestown, Penn Valley (Fr.). Montgomery— Shajinonville (Cr.). Delaware— Concord (W. Tr.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C). Ca7)iden— Kaighn 's Point (Wn.). 6'aiem— Woodstown (Wa.). Hun- terdon— Rosemont (C). Neiv CostZe— Greenbank, Commons. Now common. 12. RORIPA Scop. Cress, Flowers yellow. Plants perennial by creeping or subterranean branches, 1, B. sylvestrig. Plants annual or perennial, with fibrous roots. Fruiting pedicels 2-4 mm. long, stem diffuse. 2. jB. obttisa. Fruiting pedicels 4-8 mm. long; stem erect. Stem nearly or quite glabrous; pods linear or linear-oblong. 3. R. palustris. Stem hispid-pubescent; pods globose or oval. 4. R. hispida. Flowers white. Leaves pinnately divided; pods linear. 5. R. Nasturtium. Leaves simple or the lower pinnatifid; pods oblong or globose. Terrestrial, tall; leaves crenate, or the lower lobed or pinnatifid. 6, R. Armoracia. Aquatic; immersed leaves finely dissected. 7. R. Americana. 1. Eoripa sylvestris (L.) Bess. M. p. 452. Wet meadows. Summer. 2. RoRlPA OBTUSA (Nutt.) Britton. M. p. 452. Ballast. Spring and sum- mer, Camden— Camden (He,). 3. RoRiPA PALUSTRIS (L.) Bess. Marsh Cress. M. p. 452. Wet places and in shallow water. Summer. 4. RoRiPA HISPIDA (Desv.) Britton. M, p, 453, Wet places. Summer^ Philadelphia— (P.). .Bwcfcs— Delaware River! (Fr,), Law easier— (P.). Northampton— Tizston, Porter (B. C). Dauphin— (P.). I&2 FLORA OF PHILADELFHIA. ■ iSaiem—Penn Grove (C). Mercer— Trenton, Princeton (C). Hunter- don— Eosemont (C.)- New Castle— Cherry Island. Frequent, 5. EORIPA Nasturtium (L.) Rusby. Water Cress. M. p. 453. Brooks and ditches. Summer. 6. RORIPA Armoracea (L.) a. S. Hitchcock. Horse-radish. M. p. 453. Escaped from cultivation into moist ground. Summer. 7. EOEIPA Americana (A. Gray) Britton. M. p. 453. Slow streams. Summer. Philadelphia — (P.) . 13. CARDAMINE L. Bitter Cress. liCaves pinnately divided, or some of them of but a single terminal segment. Flowers 1-2 cm. broad, white or purplish. 1. C. pratense. Flowers 2-8 mm. broad, white. Mature pods erect, 0.5-1 mm. wide. Flowers 4-5 mm. wide; plants of swamps, streams, or wet grounds. Segments of basal leaves 4-25 mm. wide; plant 2-9 dm. taU. 2. C. Pennsylvanica, Segments of basal leaves 1-3 mm. wide; plant 1-3 dm. tall. 3. C. arenicola. Flowers 2-3 mm. wide; plant of dry, rocky situations. 4. C. parvifiora. Mature pods divergent or ascending, more than 1 mm. wide. 5. C. fiexuosa. Leaves entire, toothed, or rarely with 1 or 2 lateral segments. Stem erect from a tuberous base. 6. C. bulbosa. Stem decumbent, stoloniferous; roots fibrous. 7. C. rotundifolia. 1. Cardamine pratensis L. Cuckoo-flower, M. p. 454. Wet places. Spring. Philadelphia— 'Wissahiekon (Ja.), Germantown (Me.). 2. Cardamine Pennsylvanica Muhl. M. p. 454. Wet places. Spring. 3. Cardamine arenicola Britton. M. p. 454. Moist or wet sandy soiL Spring. Loncoster— Safe Harbor (P.). 4. Cardamine parviflora L. M. p. 454. Rocks. Spring. 5. Cardamine flexuosa With. M. p. 454. In wet woods and swamps. Spring. Bmc^s— Three-Mile Run, Tullytowu (Fr.). Northampton— {P.). 6. Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) B. S. P. Spring Cress. M. p. 455. Wet meadows aad springs. Spring. 7. Cardamine rotundifolia Michx. M. p. 455. Cool, shaded springs. Spring. J?«c/:s— Quakertown (Cr.), Springfield, rare (Fr.). Delaivare—Yallej of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Cftesfer— Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C), Upland, London Grove (Le.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.) (Ja.) (Li.). Dauphin— Uockville (Wn.). New Castle— N. Park, N. Long Race, Tatnall; Mount CHiba, Commo7is, Bare. CBUCIFEKAE. M3 14. DENTARIA L. Tooth wort, Pepper-root. Basal leaves and stem-leaves similar. Leaf-divisions lanceolate or oblong, lobed or cleft. 1. D. luciitiata. Leaf-divisions ovate or ovate-oblong, crenate or lobed. 2. D. diphylla. Divisions of the stem leaves linear or lanceolate; those of the basal leaves ovate, much broader. 3. D. hcterophylla. 1. Dentakia laciniata Muhl. M. p. 455. Damp woodlands. Spring. 2. Dentaria diphylla Michx. M. p. 456. Rich woods. Spring. Bucks— Nockamixon (Fr.). 3. Dentaria heterophylla Nutt. M. p. 456. Damp woods. Spring. Philadelphia— Belmont Valley (Gi.). Bucks— Near Quakertown, rare (Fr.). Montgomery — Rose Glen (Br.), Shannonville (Cr.), Areola (Mar.). Chester— {F.). Hunterdon— Stockton (C). New Castle — Rattlesnake Run, Tatnall and Fell; Duponts, Tatnall; Faulkland, Commons. 15. LUNARIA L. 1. LuNARiA ANNUA L. Honesty. M. p. 456. Escaped from gardens. Early summer. Bucfes— Nockamixon (P.). Detowore— Concord (W. Tr.). 16. LESQUERELLA S. Wats. Bladder Pod. 1. Lesquerella perfoliatum (L.) Watson. Ballast. Summer. Camden— W. J. & S. R. Yard, Camden (Li.). 17. BURSA Weber. 1. Bursa Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton. Shepherd's Purse. M.. p, 459. Fields and waste places. All year. 18. CAMELINA Crantz. False Flax. Glabrous or nearly so; pod 6-8 mm. long. 1. C. satiAia. Pubescent, at least below; pod 4-6 mm. long. 2. C, microcarpa. 1. Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz. M. p. 459. Waste places. Early summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C), Germantown (Me.), above Mana- yunk (Pr.), Wayne Junction (Wn.). Bucks— Benjamin (Fr.). Mont- gomery — StiannonviWe (Cr.). Delaware — Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— {'P.). Lancaster— (P.). Le/ti^f/'— Lehigh Moun- tain (Kr.). Z^ottpftwi— Harrisburg, Steelton (Wn.). Burlington — Moorestown (Sts.). Camden — Kaighn's Point (He.), Clementon (Sa.). Gloucester— MuWiQa Hill (He.), Westville (Ke.), Tim- ber Creek (Te.). New Castle — Common. 2. Camelina microcarpa Andrz. M. p. 459. Waste places. Summer. Bwcts—Penn Valley (Fr.). Delaware— (P.). Northampton— (P.). 19. NESLIA Desv. Ball Mustard. 1. Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. M. p. 459. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— BaWast (P.). 164 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 20. EAPISTRUM Desv. 1. Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. M. p. 460. Ballast and waste plaoea. Summer. Philadelphia— BaUsiSt (He,). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C), Camden— Kaighn 'a Point (He.). 21. DRABA L. Whitlow-grass. Petals deeply 2-cleft. 1. D. veriM. Petals entire, or rarely toothed. 2, D. CaroUiwina, 1. Draba verna L. M. p. 460. Sandy places. Early spring. 2. Draba Caroliniana Walt. M. p. 460. Sandy fields. Spring. ^ucfcs— Point Pleasant (Fr.). La?ic'ase/aw'are— Castle Rock, Concord (Fu.), Philadelphia Yacht Club (Ke.), Chester (W. Tr.). Chester — 'Near West Chester (He.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton— Wind Gap, Pen Argyl (He.). Ca/?ide«— Camden (C). Gloucester— M.iakle'ton (C). Monmouth— Freehold (C). Mercer— Trenton (C). iSomerset— Peapack (C). 7. Geum rivale L. M. p. 508. Bogs and wet meadows. Summer. Chester— (F.). 13. AGRIMONIA L. Agrimony. Racemes and leaves beneath with loose, spreading hairs or glabrous. Roots not tuberous ; fruit large, turbinate, with numerous radiating bristles. . 1. A. hirsuta. Roots tuberous ; fruit very small, hemispheric, with few ascending or erect bristles. 2. A. striata. Racemes and leaves beneath closely and softly pubescei^t. Roots tuberous; stems pubescent; leaves not glandular-dotted beneath. 3. A. mollis. Roots not tuberous; stems hirsute; leaves glandular-dotted beneath. Leaflets mostly 7-9 ; fruit large, the bristles connivent. 4. A. Brittoniana. Leaflets mostly 11-17 ; fruit small, the bristles radiate. 5. A. parviflora. 1. Agrimonia hirsuta (Muhl.) Bicknell. M. p. 511. Woods and thickets. Summer. 2. Agrimonia striata Michx. M. p. 511. Dry woods. Summer. Buds — (P.). Lancaster ^York Furnace (St.). Nortliampton — Eas- ton, Porter (B. C). 3. Agrimonia mollis (T. & G.) Britton. M. p. 511. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. Bmc As— Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— l\y Bock (St.). Delaware— Crum Creek (St.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — (P.). 4. Agrimonia Brittoniana Bicknell. M. p. 511. Thickets and roadsides. Summer. Northampton — (P.) . 5. Agrimonia parviflora Soland. M. p. 512. Moist or dry soil. Summer. 178 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. 14. SANGUISORBA L. Burnet. Flowers capitate, greenish; stamens numerous; leaflets 12-20 mm. long. 1. S. Sanguisorba. Flowers spicate, white ; stamens 4 ; leaflets 25-75 mm. long. 2. S. Canadensis. 1. Sanguisorba Sanguisorba (L.) Britton. M. p. 512. Fields, rocks and ballast. Summer. PMtod;e?2^7wo— Philadelphia, Mari. (B. C), Girard Point (Te.). Buclcs — Rock Hill (Fr.). Le^i^'Ti— Salisbury (Kr.). Northampton— 'Easion, Porter (B. C). Burlington — Moorestown (C). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Ja.). 2. Sanguisorba Canadensis L. M. p. 512. Bogs and wet meadows. Summer. j5mcA's— Pipersville, Bristol (Fr.), TuUytown (Ja.) (Sa.). Delaware— Williamson (Fu.) (Mac.) (Wn.), Haverford College (Le.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), near Newtown Square (VP.). Chester— Oxford (Cr.), near Coatesville (St.), Westtown (W. Tr.). Lancaster — {F.). Northampton— (P.) . Burlington— BuTlmgton (C), near Moorestown (Sts.). Caww?e?i~ Cam- den (C). Gloucester — 'Near MuUica Hill (C), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Salem— Auburn (Wa.). Monmouth— Freehold (C). Mercer— Trenton (Wn.), Higbtstown, Princeton (C). Middlesex— ^and. Hill, South Amboy (C). New Costie— Thompson's, Moore's, etc. Not rare. 15. ROSA L, Rose, Sepals persistent, erect on the fruit. 1. B. blanda. Sepals deciduous, spreading. Leaflets finely serrate ; spines stout, recurved. 2. B. Carolina. Leaflets coarsely serrate. Infrastipular spines nearly straight; native bushy species. Stems with scattered prickles or naked. Leaflets 7-9, shining above; flowers corymbose; spines stout. 3. B. lucida. Leaflets 5-7 ; flowers solitary or few ; spines slender. 4. B. humilis. Infrastipular spines stout, hooked ; introduced wand-like or climb- ing species. Leaflets somewhat pubescent beneath, serrate. 5. B. canina. Leaflets very glandular beneath, doubly serrate. 6. B. rubiginosa. 1. Rosa blanda Ait. M. p. 513. Moist, rocky places. Summer. Bucks — Hilltown (Fr.). Delaware — Middletown, Chrome Run (B. Sm.). Lancaster— (F.). 2. Rosa Carolina L. Swamp Bose. M. p. 513. Borders of swamps and streams. Summer. 3. Rosa lucida Ehrh. M. p. 514. Margins of swamps or moist places. Early summer. 4. BoSA humilis Marsh. Pasture Bose. M. p. 514. Dry or rocky soil. Early summer. FOilACEAE. 179 4a. EosA HUMiLis viLLOSA Best. M. p. 514. ^MC^S— Point Pleasant, Dr. Geo. Best (Fr.). 5. EosA CANiNA L. Dog Rose. M. p. 514. Eoadsides and waste places. Summer. 6. EoSA RUBIGINOSA L. Sweetbrier, Eglantine. M. p. 514. Eoadsides and waste places. Early summer. EoSA SETiGERA Michx. Prairie Rose. M. p. 513. Escaped from cultivation. Early summer. EosA ciNNAMOMEA L. Cin7iamo7i Rose. M. p. 514. Occasionally along roadsides. Summer. Family 12. POMACE AE L. Apple Family. Bipe carpels papery or leathery. Cavities of the ovary (carpels) as many as the styles. Flesh of the pome with grit-cells. 1. Pyrus. Flesh of the pome without grit-cells. Cymes simple ; trees. 2. Maltts. Cymes compound; shrubs. 3. Aronia. Cavities of the ovary becoming twice as many as the styles*. 4. AmelancMer. Ripe carpels bony. 5. Crataegus. 1. PYEUS L. 1. Pyrus communis L. Pear. M. p. 515. Thickets and woods, escaped from cultivation. Spring. 2. MALUS Hill. Apple. Leaves glabrous when mature. Leaves oblong, lanceolate or oval, narrowed ait the base. 1. M. angustifolia. Leaves ovate, cordate or rounded at the base. 2. M. coronaria. Leaves persistently pubescent or tomentose beneath. 3. M. Mahis. 1. Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx. M. p. 516. In thickets. Spring. Cape May— Cold Spring, C. F. Manderson (Br.). 2. Malus CORONARIA (L.) Mill. Crab Apple. M. p. 516. Thickets. Spring. PMadeip/iio— Wissahickon (Je.), West Philadelphia (Mac). Bucks— Perkasie, Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— Castle Eock (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Painters' Arboretum (Ke.). Chester — {P.). Lancaster — (P.). Daiip/iiri— Harrisburg, Steelton (Wn.). Mercer— Trenton (C). /Somerset —Peapack (C). i?w;/hia Salt Works, 7. Burk (He.). Chester — Streets of West Chester (P.). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Ja.) (Wn.). Oceou — Waretown (Sts.). Hunterdon— JjamhertviWe (C). jSomerset— Somerville (C). PAPILIONACEAE. 199 16. AESCHYNOMENE L. 1. AESCHYNOMENE ViRGiNiCA (L.) B. S. P. Sensitive Joint Vetch. M.. p. 558. Along rivers. Summer. Delaware— Tinicnm, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (C). Gloucester — Center Square (Cr.), Bridgeport (Fu.), Oldman Creek near the Delaware, near Mickleton (He.), near Swedesboro (Li.). Salem — Banks of Delaware (C). New Castle — Brandywine Creek near Shelpot ; river shore at and below Delaware City (Ta.), near Claymont (S. Tr.). 17. STYLOSANTHES Sw. 1. Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B. S. P. Pe7icil-ftower. M. p. 558. Dry soil. Summer. 18. MEIBOMIA Heist. Tick-trefoil. Loment not constricted above, deeply constricted below, long-stalked ; leaf- lets broad. Panicle arising from the base of the plant ; peduncle usually leafless. 1. M. 7mdi flora. Panicle terminal; leaves crowded at the base. 2. M. grandiflora. Loment constricted on both margins, more deeply below than above. Stems trailing or reclining. Leaflets orbicular or nearly so. .3. M. Michauxii. Leaflets ovate or oval. 4. M. glabella. Stems erect or ascending. Leaves sessile or nearly sO; leaflets linear or lanceolate. 5. M. sessilifolia. Leaves petioled. Leaflets narrowly linear; joints of the loment usually concave on the back. 6. M. stricta. Leaflets broml. Joints of the loment notably longer than broad. Leaflets obtuse, rough-pubescent, yellowish-green. 7. .1/. cnnescens. Leaflets long-acuminate, glabrous, glaucous beneath. 8. M. bra.cteosa. Joints of the loment little longer than broad. Loment distinctly long-stalked in the calyx. Plants glabrous or nearly so. Leaflets lanceolate or oblong. 9. M. paniculata. Leaflets broadly ovate or oval, glaucous be- neath. 10. M. laevigata. Plants pubescent or scabrous. Leaflets thick, coriaceous, velvety-pubescent beneath. 11. M. viridiflora. Leaflets scarcely coriaceous, appressed-pubes- eent or villous beneath. 12. M. Dillenii. Loment sessile in the calyx or nearly so. Loment -joints 4-7; flowers numerous, showy. 13. M. Canadensis. Leaflets scabrous, 2-5 cm. long. 14. M. rigida. Leaflets not scabrous, 1-2 cm. long. Plant nearly glabrous throughout. 15. M. Morylandica. Stem pubescent ; leaflets and petioles ciliate. 16. M. obtusa. 200 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 1. Meibomia nudiflora (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 560. Dry woods. Summer. 2. Meibomia grandiflora (Walt.) Kuntze. M. p. 560. Dry or rocky woods. Summer. 3. Meibomia Michauxii Vail. M. p. 560. Dry woods. Summer. 4. Meibomia glabella (Michx.) Kuntze. M. p. 560. Dry, sandy soil. Summer. Philadelphia — Cresheim Creek near Wissahickon (Je.). Bucks — Dur- ham, Ruth (Ft.). Chester— W. Bradford (St.). Hunterdon— Beagle Corner (C). New Castle— Deakyaes, Commons; Yorklyn, Canby. 5. Meibomia sessilifolia (Torr.) Kuntze. M. p. 560. Dry soil. Summer. La?icasda«;are— Concord (W. Tr.). Berks— {P.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Mercer— Crosswick's Creek (C). Hunterdon — B,idge Island (C). New Castle — Becoming frequent about nurseries, 18th street. Family 6. SIMARUBACEAE DC. Ailanthus Family. 1. AILANTHUS Desf. 1, Ailanthus glandulosus Desf. Tree of Heaven. M. p. 582. Cultivated and escaped. Early summer. Family 7. POLYGALACEAE Reichenb. Milkwort Family. 1. POLYGALA L. Milkwort. Flowers in solitary spikes or spike-like racemes, terminating the stem and branches. Basal leaves spatulate or obovate; flowers orange-yellow. 1. P. lutea. Basal leaves inconspicuous or wanting ; flowers not yellow. Leaves, at least the lower, verticillate ; spikes 8-18 mm. thick, blunt ; flowers purple to greenish-white. Spikes sessile or nearly so; wings deltoid. 2. P. cruciata. Spikes peduncled; wings lanceolate-ovate. 3. P. brevifolin. Leaves verticillate and alternate; spikes 4-6 mm. thick, acute. Verticillate leaves predominating; spikes dense; flowers green to purplish. 4. P. verticillata. Alternate leaves predominating; spikes loose, long; flowers more purple. 5. P. ambigua. Leaves all alternate. Petals united into a cleft-tube 6-8 mm. long; flowers pink. 6. P. incarnata. Petals not conspicuously united into a tube. Spikes ovoid to globose. Bracts persistent; flowers rose-purple to white. 7. P. viridescens. 210 FLOEA OF PHILADELPHIA. Bracts deciduous ; flowers rose-purple. 8. P. Mariana. Spikes cylindric. Leaves oblaneeolate to linear, 4-12 mm. long; flowers greenish to purplish. 9. P. Nuttallii. Leaves lanceolate, 2. .5-5 cm. long; flowers white or greenish. 10. P. Senega, Flowers distinctly racemose, rose or purple. 11. P. polygama. Flowers 1-4, large, axillary, but apparently terminal, rose-purple to white. 12. P. paucifolia. 1. PoLYGALA LUTEA L. M. p. 583. Pine-barren swamps. Summer. BucJcs— Bristol (Fr.). New Jersey — Common in the pine-barrens. 2. PoLYGALA CRUCiATA L. M. p. 583. Sandy swamps. Summer. Philadelphia— Germantown (Me.). 5Mcfcs— Near Bristol (Fr.). Mont- gomery — 'Willow Grove (VP.) (Re.). Delaware — Tinicum (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Chester— Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C). Lancaster— ISiew Texas (Ca.), Lyle (Pr.). New Jersey — Common in the pine-barrens. 3. POLYGALA BREViFOLiA Nutt. M. p. 583. Sandy swamps. Summer. Burlington — Atsion, Mart. (B. C), Woodmansie (He.), Bear Swamp, Speedwell (St.), Pemberton (Te.). Ca/nde/i— Lucaston (VP.). Atlantic — Absecon, Mart. (B. C), Pleasant Mills, E. A. Bau (B. C), Hammonton, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Ocean — Toms River (Fu.), Forked River (Ja.), Whiting (Wn.). 4. POLYGALA VERTiciLLATA L. M. p. 583. Dry or moist soil. Summer. 5. PoLYGALA AMBIGUA Nutt. M. p. 584. Dry soil. Summer. Pennsylvania — Common. New Jersey — Common. New Castle — Hands, etc. Scarce. 6. POLYGALA INCARNATA L. M. p. 584. Dry soil. Summer. Chester— (P.). Lancosfer— Pleasant Grove (Ca.), New Texas (Pr.). Camden— Haddonfield (C). Gloucester— Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cumberland— Bridgeton (C). New Castle— Near Newark, Kilvingtoii ; Townsend, Canby; Milltown, Commons; Iron Hill. Rare. 7. PoLYGALA viRiDESCENS L. M. p. 584. Sandy or moist ground. Summer. 8. PoLYGALA Mariana Mill. M. p. 584. Dry soil. Summer. Cawde/i— Longacoming (C). Glo%icester— North, of Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic— Bammonton (Cr.). Cape Mai/— Woodbine (Br.), Cape May Court House (St.). New Castle — Townsend, Canby. 9. POLYGALA Nuttallii T. & G. M. p. 584. Dry, sandy soil. Autumn. Pennsylvania — Common. New Jersey — Common. New Castie— Townsend, Canby; Dupont 's Woods on the W. & G. V. Turnpike. Rare. 10. PoLYGALA Senega L. Seneca Snakeroot. M. p. 584. Rocky soil. Spring. EUPHOBBIACEAE. 211 Philadelpida — Byheiry, Mart. (B. (J.), Allen's Lane near Township Line (Je.)- ^wcis— Springfield (Fr.). Delaware — On Serpentine, New- town, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.), Chad's Ford (Te.). C/ies^er— Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C), Westtown (VP.). Lancaster— {T.). New Castle— Wilmington (He.), MeCuUough's, Tatnall; Adams, Canhy; Centerville, Cominons. lOo. POLYGALA Senega latifolia T. & G. M. p. 584. Rocky soil. Spring. New Castle — Mount Cuba, Dixon 's. Commons. 11. POLYGALA POLYGAMA Walt. M. p. 585. Dry, sandy soil. Early sum- mer. Philadelphia — (P.) . New Jersey — Common in the pine-barrens, especially near the coast. 12. PoLYGALA PAUCIFOLIA Willd. M. p. 585. Moist, rich woods. Early summer. Bucks — Near Quakertown (Fr.). Montgomery — Green Lane (VP.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster — Pleasant Grove (Ca.), Octoraro Creek south of Christiana (St.). BerAs— Hamburg (Cr.). Lehigh— Bine Mountain in Lynn (Kr.). Northampton — (P.). Dauphin — (P.). lfo?imoMf/i— Freehold (C). -Somerset— Peapack, Raritan (C). Neiv Castle — Mount Cuba. Family 8. EUPHORBIACEAE J. St. Hil. Spurge FamUy. Flowers not in an involucre, with a true calyx. Ovules 2 in each cavity of the ovary. 1. Phyllanthus. Ovules 1 in each cavity of the ovary. Plants clothed with stellate pubescence or scales. Ovary and dehiscent capsule 2-4-celled, mostly 3-celled. 2. Croton. Ovary and capsule 1-ceIled, achene-like. 3. Crotonopsis. Plants variously pubescent, with simple hairs. 4. Acalypha. Flowers in an involucre, the calyx represented by a minute scale at the base of the filament-like pedicel. 5. Euphorbia. 1. PHYLLANTHUS L. 1. Phyllanthus Carolinensis Walt. M. p. 586. Gravelly banks. Sum- mer. Chester— {V.). Lancaster— York Furnace, Peach Bottom (Br.). 2. CROTON L. 1. Croton glandulosus L. M. p. 586. Ballast. Spring to winter. Philadelphia— Old Navy Yard (B. C). New Castle — A single plant at New Castle, Commons. 3. CROTONOPSIS Michx. 1. Crotonopsis linearis Michx. M. p. 587. Dry, sandy soil. Summer. Bucks — Bristol, Mart. (B. C). Z^eiaware — Tinicum, T. C. Palmer (Fu.). Burlington— Taunton (Br.), Atsion (Le.), Batsto (Re.). Camden — Kirkwood, Lindenwold (Br.). Gloucester — Woodbury (C). Atlantic — Hammonton (Cr.) (Je.), Pleasant Mills, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Ocean — Manchester, Southwark (C). 212 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 4. ACALYPHA L. Three-seeded Mercury. Staminate and pistillate flowers in separate spikes or racemes; capsule spiny. 1. A. ostryaefolia. Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same spike or raceme ; capsule smooth. Plant not glandular; bract palmately many-lobed, equalling or exceed- ing the staminate spike. 2. A. Virginica. Plant glandular; bract many-cleft, shorter than the spike. 3. A. gracilens. 1. ACALYPHA OSTRYAEFOLIA Ridd. M. p. 588. Woods. Summer. Bucfcs— Morrisville (P.). 3fercer— Princeton, Trenton (C). 2. ACALYPHA Virginica L. M. p. 588. Fields and open places. Summer. 3. ACALYPHA GRACILENS A. Gray. M. p. 588. Sandy, dry soil. Summer. Buclcs— Plxxmstead, M oyer (P.). Delaware— (P.). Chester— {P.). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.). RiciNus COMMUNIS L. Castor-oil Plant. Cultivated and some- times escaped. Summer. 5. EUPHORBIA L. Spurge. Glands of the involucre with petal-like appendages. Leaves opposite, inequilateral, their bases more or less oblique. Leaves entire; seeds smooth. 1. E. poly goni folia. Leaves serrate or dentate; plants prostrate or spreading. Seeds gray or white. 2. E. hirsuta. Seeds brown or black. 3. E. maculata. Leaves serrate or dentate; plants erect or ascending. 4. E. nutans. Leaves alternate or scattered on the stem except a whorl' subtending the umbel. Bracts and leaves of the umbel small and green; seeds ovoid, smooth, sparingly pitted. 5. E. corollata. Bracts and leaves of the umbel large, white-margined; seeds ovoid, globose, reticulate-tuberculate. 6. E. marginata. Glands of the involucre without petal-like appendages. Leaves mostly opposite; herbage glabrous. Plants slender; stems or branches forked. Annual ; stem branched at the base ; leaves, or some of them, oblique at the base. 1. E. polygonifolia. Perennial ; stems several from a stout root ; leaves not oblique at the base. 8. E. Ipecacuanhae. Plants stout ; stem usually simple below, topped by an umbel. 9. E. Lathyris. Leaves mostly opposite; herbage pubescent. 7. E. dentata. Leaves alternate or scattered. Leaves serrulate; glands of the involucre oblong, oval, or orbic- ular. 11. E. Helioscopia. Leaves entire; glands of the involucres crescent-shaped or reniform. Annual or biennial ; seeds pitted. Capsules with 2-crested lobes. 12. E. Peplus. Capsules vnth rounded lobes. 13. E. commutata. Perennial. Glands reniform or oblong without horns. 10. E. Darlin gtonii. Glands crescent-shaped, with horns. 14. E. Cyparissias. 1. Euphorbia polygonifolia L. M. p. 591. Sandy shores. Summer. New Jersey— Common. New Castle— CoWins, Woodland Beach. CALLITRICHACEAE. 213 2. Euphorbia hirsuta (Torr.) Wiegand. M. p. 592. Sandy or gravelly soil. Summer. Bucks — Tullytown, Hilltown, Noekamixon (Fr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — (P.) . 3. Euphorbia maculata L. M. p. 592. Open places and roadsides. Sum- mer and fall. 4. Euphorbia nutans Lag. M. p. 593. Fields and thickets. Summer and fall. 5. Euphorbia corollata L. M. p. 593. Rich or sandy soil. Spring to faU. 6. EtrPHORBiA MARGINATA Pursh. M. p. 594. Escaped from gardens. Sum- mer. 7. Euphorbia dentata Michx. M. p. 594. Dry or moist soil. Summer and fall. Lancaster — ( P. ) . 8. Euphorbia Ipecacuanhae L. M. p. 594. Sandy soil. Spring to fall. BucTcs—Venvi Valley (Cr.). New Jersey — Common. 9. Euphorbia Lathyeis L. M. p. 594. Waste places. Summer. Bucfcs— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— ConcorA (W. Tr.). Ches- ter—{V.). Lancaster— {'P.). Northampton— (F.). Monmouth — Keyport (C). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C). New Castle — Centerville, Commons; Bear. 10. Euphorbia Darlingtonii A. Gray. M. p. 594. Copses. Summer. Chester — Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C). Lancaster— (F.). Salem — Woodstown. New Castle — South of New Garden, Joshua Hoopes; Southwood, Canby. 11. Euphorbia Helioscopia L. M. p. 595. Ballast. Summer and fall. Cam den — Kaighn 's Point ( Ja. ) . 12. Euphorbia Peplus L. M. p. 595. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— Gxraxdi Point (Te.). DeZowore— Lansdowne, Br. Emily G. Hunt (He.) (Pe.). Chester— West Chester, Dr. Geo. Martin (Fu.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton Streets of Easton (P.). Camde7i— Camden, I. Burk (He.). 1/^ercer— Trenton (C). New Castle — Gardens, Wilmington, Canby. 13. Euphorbia commutata Engelm. M. p. 595. Along streams and shady slopes. Spring and summer. Lancaster— Y oris. Furnace (Cr.) (Li.), Safe Harbor (P.). 14. Euphorbia Cypaeissias L. M. p. 596. Escaped from gardens. Sum- mer. Euphorbia segetalis L. Ballast. Philadelphia— Philadeliphia, C. A. Boice (B. C). Family 9. CALLITRICHACEAE Liiidl. Water-starwort Family. 1. CALLITRICHE L. Water- starwort. Fruit short-peduncled ; bracts wanting; terrestrial. 1. C. Austini. Fruit sessile ; aquatic, or some forms growing in mud. Bracts present. 214 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Fruit oval, flat on the face, longer than the styles. 2. C. palustris. Fruit obovate, plano-convex, shorter than the styles. 3. C. heterophylla. Bracts none ; leaves all linear, submerged. 4. C. bifida. 1. Callitriche Austini Engelm. M. p. 596. Damp, shaded places. Sum- mer. 2. CALLlTPaCHE PALUSTRIS L. M. p. 597. In cold or running water. Summer. 3. Callitriche heterophylla Pursh. M. p. 597. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. ^Mcfcs— Rock Hill (Fr.) (Ja.) (Ke.). Berts— Hamburg (Ke.). North- ampton— (P.). New Jersey — Common. New Cosine— Blackbird Head, Canby. 4. Callitriche bifida (L.) Morong. M. p. 597. Flowing water. Summer. Bucls — Near Sellersville (Fr.). Order 16. SAPINDALES- Flowers regular or nearly so (except in Hippocastanaceae, which are trees or shrubs with digitately compound leaves). Petals none ; flowers monoecious or dioecious ; leaves evergreen. Stamens mostly 3 ; low heath-like shrubs. Fam. 1. Empetraceae. Stamens 4-7 ; herbs with broad leaves and spiked flowers. Fam. 2. Buxaceae. Petals present ; leaves deciduous except some Ilicaeeae. Low annual herbs, with pinnately-divided leaves, the stamens twice as many as the petals. Fam. 3. Limnanthaceae. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbaceous vines. Ovary 1-celled; fruit a small drupe. Fam. 4. Anacardaceae. Ovary 2-several-celled. Leaves simple, pinnately veined. Seeds not arilled. Fam. 5. Ilicaeeae. Seeds arilled ; ovules erect ; capsule fleshy. Fam. 6. Celastraceae. Leaves simple and palmately veined, or compound. Fruit a bladdery 3-lobed capsule. Fam. 7. Staphyleaceae. Fruit of 2-winged samaras. Fam. 8. Aceraceae. Fruit a leathery capsule ; flowers . irregular ; leaves digitately compound. Fam. 9. Hippocastanaceae. Flowers very irregular, the posterior sepal large, saccate ; succulent herbs, the capsule elastically dehiscent. Fam. 10. Balsaminaceae. Family 1. EMPETRACEAE Dumort. Crowberry Family. 1. COREMA Don. 1. COREMA CoNRADii Torr. Broom Crowberry. M. p. 598. Sandy pine- barrens. Early spring. Burlington — * ' The Plains. ' ' 1. B. copalliiia. 2. R. hirta. 3. E. glabra. 6. E. vernix. 7. E. radicans. I Lie ACE AE. 215 Family 2. BUXACEAE Dumoit. Box Family. 1. PACHYSANDRA Michx. 1. Pachysandra procumbens Michx. Mountain Spurge. M. p. 599. In- troduced from the South. Woods. Early spring. Z>e?a wrt/'e— Darby Creek near Haverford (I^e.), Colleu Brook, Upper Darby and Radnor (B. Sm.). Family 3. LIMNANTHACEAE Lindl. False-mermaid Family. 1. I'^LOERKEA Willd. 1. Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. False Mermaid. M. p. 599. Marshes and river banks. Spring. Family 4. ANACARDIACEAE. Sumac Family. 1. RHUS L. Sumac. Fruit pubescent ; stone smooth. Rachis of the leaf wing-margined. Rachis of the leaf nearly terete. Foliage and twigs velvety-pubescent. Foliage of the twigs mostly glabrous and glaucous. Fruit glabrous; stone striate. Leaflets 7-13, glabrous. Leaflets 3, more or less pubescent beneath. 1. Rhus copallina L. Black Sumac. M. p. 600. Dry soil. Summer. 2. Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw. Staghom Sumac. M. p. 600. Dry, rocky soil. Spring. 3. Rhus glabra L. Scarlet Sumac. M. p. 600. Rocky or barren soil. Summer. 4. Rhus Vernix L. Poison Sumac. M. p. 601. Swamps. Early summer. 5. Rhus radicans L. Poison Ivy, Poison Oak. M. p. 601. Thickets. Spring. Family -5. ILICACEAE Lowe. Holly Family. Petals oblong or obovate, slightly united. 1. Ilex. Petals linear, distinct. 2. Ilicioides. 1. ILEX L. Leaves thick, evergreen, persistent. Nutlets ribbed; leaves spiny-toothed. 1. I. opaca. Nutlets not ribbed; leaves dotted beneath. 2. /. glabra. Leaves thin, deciduous. Flowers all short-pedicelled. 3. I. verticillata. Staminate flowers on long and slender pedicels. 4. /. laevigata. 1. Ilex opaca Ait. American Holly. M. p. 603. Moist woodlands. Spring. 5mc As— Bristol (Fr.). Delaware— Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— York Furnace (Cr.). Dauphin — (P.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle— Ti.o\\y Oak, Old Blue Bell, Folly Woods, Silverside. Rare in northern part of county. 216 FLOE A OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray. Inkbeny. M. p. 603. In sandy soil. Early summer. 3. Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray. Black Alder, Winterberry. M. p. 604. Swamps. Early summer. 3a. Ilex verticillata cyclophylla Robinson. M. p. 604. Bucks— Durham, Buth (Fr.). 4. Ilex laevigata (Pursh.) A. Gray. M. p. 604. Swamps. Spring. Bucks— Bristol, Mart. (Fr.). Lancaster— (F.). Camden — Cedar Brook (Ke.), Kirkwood (Wn.). Gloucester — Mickle- ton, frequent (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Westville (Wn.). Atlantic— 'Egg Harbor (Cr.). Monmouth — Keyport (G.). Mercer — Princeton Junction (C). New Castle— F each 's. Rare. 2. ILICIOIDES Dumont. 1. Ilicioides mucronata (L.) Britton. Mountain Holly. M. p. 604. Swamps. Spring. Northampton— Fen Argyl (U. C. S.). CoTnden— Kaighn's Point, Mart. (B. C.), Sicklerville, Dr. J. B. Brinton (Ke.). Atlantic— Jlaminonton (C.). Family 6. CELASTRACEAE Lindl. Staff-tree Family. Leaves opposite. 1. Euonymus. Leaves alternate ; woody vine. 2. Celastrus. 1. EUONYMUS L. Pods tuberculate; low shrubs; flowers greenish-pink. Erect or ascending; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. 1. E. Amerieanus. Decumbent, rooting at the nodes ; leaves obovate, obtuse. 2. E. obovatus. Pods smooth; high shrubs or small trees. 3. E. atropurpureus. 1. Euonymus Americanus L. Strawberry Bush. M. p. 605. Low woods. Spring. 2. Euonymus obovatus Nutt. M. p. 605. Low or wet places. Spring. ^Mcifcs— Langhorne, Mart. (Fr.). Gloucester— Mickleton, common (He.). /Somerset— Rocky Hill (C.). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C.). 3. Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. Burning Bush, Wahoo. M. p. 605. Woods. Early summer. Euonymus Europaeus L. Spindle-tree. M. p. 605. Escaped from cultivation. 2. CELASTRUS L. 1. Celastrus scandens L. Climbing Bittersweet. M, p. 606. Rich soil. Early summer. ACEBACEAE. 217 Family 7. STAPHYLEACEAE DC. Bladder-nut Family. 1. STAPHYLBA L. 1. Staphylea TRiFOiiiA L. BlaMer-Mii. M. p. (306. Thickets in moist soil. Spring. ; Family s. ACERACEAE St. Hil. Maple Family. 1. ACER L. Maple. Leaves simple, palmately lobed. Flowers in dense, sessile, lateral clusters, unfolding before the leaves. Petals none ; ovary tomentose ; samaras divergent. 1. A. saccharinum. Petals present ; ovary glabrous ; samaras incurved. 2. A. rubrum. Flowers corymbose, unfolding with the leaves. Leaves pale and nearly glabrous beneath. ',i. A. Saecharum. Leaves green and pubescent, at least on the veins beneath. 4. A. nigrum. Flowers racemed, terminal, unfolding after the leaves. Racemes drooping; leaves finely serrate. 5. A. Pennsylvanicum. Racemes erect ; leaves coarsely serrate. 6. A. spicatum. Leaves pinnate. 7. A. Negundo. 1. Acer saccharinum L. White or Silver Maple. M. p. 607. Common in cultivation; also river banks. Early spring. Delaware — Chad 's Ford along Brandywine (B. Sm.). Dauphm — Steelton (Wn.). Mercer — Above Trenton along the Delaware (He.). New Castle — Brandywine Creek above Washington street, both north and south side. 2. Acer rubrum L. Red or Sivamp Maple. M. p. 607. Swamps and low grounds. Early spring. 3. Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar or Rock Maple. M. p. 607. Rich woods. Spring. Buds— Argus (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.), Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Mont- gomery—Sumney town (VP.). Delaware— Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester— Fhcenbiville, Mart. CB.C). Lancaster— (F.). Lehigh— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— 'Easton, Porter (B. C). Dau- phin — Harrisburg ( Wn. ) . ilfercer— Princeton, Trenton (C). New Castle — Rockland, Guyanconrt. Rare. 4. Acer nigrum Michx. Black Sugar Maple. M. p. 608. Rich soil. Spring. Bucks— 'Rock Hill (Fr.). Lancaster— Feach Bottom (Ca.). North- ampton— (P.). Hunterdo7i—Ijocktown (C). 5. Acer Pennsylvanicum L. Striped or Goosefoot Maple. M. p. 608. Rich, rocky woods. Spring. Bucks— (F.). Montgo7nery— Mill Creek (Ha.). Delaware— Fainters' Arboretum (He.). Berks— HamhuTg (Li.), Blue Ridge (Sch.). Dau- phin-Cold Springs (P.). 218 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. €. Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple. M. p. 608. Damp, rockj woods. Spring. J?ticfes— Pipersville (Fr.), Narrowsville (Ke.), Point Pleasant, river shore (Ws.). Montgomery— Sumnejtoyvn (VP.). PeZau-are— Painters ' Arboretum (He.). Chester— YaWej Forge (Le.) (St.). Berks— (P.). Le/ii^Ti— Along the Lehigh (Kr.). Northampton— {P.). Somerset— P^aT^ack (C). Hunterdon— ^iodkion (C). 7. Acer Negundo L. Ash-leaved Maple, Box Elder. M. p. 608. River banks. Spring. Acer Pseudo-platanus L. Sycamore Maple. In cultivation. Spring. Acer campestris L. Occasionally escaped from cultivatioiv Spring. Acer platanoides L. Norway Maple. Occasionally escaped from cultivation. Spring. Family 9. HIPPOCASTANACEAE T. & G. Buckeye Family. AescuLiUS Hippocastanum L. Horse-chestnut. Cultivated. Early summer. Aesculus glabra Willd. Fetid or Ohio Buckeye. Cultivated. Spring. Philadelphia— Pax\r&m's Garden (He.) (Li.). Aesculus octandra Marsh. Sweet Buckeye. Cultivated. Spring. Aesculus octandra hybrida (DC.) Sarg. Cultivated. Spring. Delaware — Painters' Arboretum (He.). Aesculus Pavia L. Bed Buckeye. Cultivated. Spring. Philadelphia— Pariram^s Garden (Li.). Aesculus parviflora Walt. Cultivated. Spring. Philadelphia — Bartram's Garden (Ja.). Family 10. BALSAMINACEAE Lindl. JeM«rel-weed Family. 1. IMPATIENS L. Balsam. .Jewel-weed. Touch-me-not. Flowers orange or orange-yellow, mottled; spur incurved. 1. I. biflora. Flowers pale yellow; spur short, spreading. 2. I. aurea. 1. Impatiens biflora Walt. Spotted Touch-me-not. M. p. 611. S.andy, moist places. Summer. 2. Impatiens aurea Muhl. Pale Tovch-me-not. M. p. 611. Sandy, moist places. Summer. Order 17. RHAMNALES. Shrubs, small trees or vines ; petals 4 or 5 ; fruit a drupe or capsule. Fam. 1. Ehamnaceae. Vines, climbing by tendrils, rarely shrubs; petals caducous, fruit a berry. Fam. 2. Vitaceae. VITACEAE. 219 Family 1. RHAMNACEAE Dumort. Buckthorn Family. Ovary free from the disk; fruit a drupe. 1. Bhamnus. Ovary a.lnate to the disk at its base; fruit dry. 2. Ceanothus. 1. RHAMNUS L. Buckthorn. 1. Rhamnus cathartica L. Common Buckthorn. M. p. 612. Dry soil. Escaped from hedges. Spring. Philadelphia— BsiXixsim's Garden (Cr.). Delaware— YexnviooA, fully naturalized (B. Sm.). Northam'pton-'E.SiStoii, Porter (B. C). Camden— Haddonfield (C). BMriferdon— Pittstown (C). ^eio Castle — Near Greenhill Church, Commons; Duponts near the Burned Keg Mill, Brandywine. Rhamnus Caroliniana Walt. M. p. 612. Wet soil. Spring. Philadelphia— Bartr am 's Garden, I. Burk (He.). Petoware— Painters ' Arboretum (Fu.). 2. CEANOTHUS L. 1. Ceanothus Americanus L. New Jersey Tea. M. p. 613. Dry, open woods. Summer. Family 2. VITACEAE Lindl. Grape or Vine Family. Hypogynous disk present, annular or cup-shaped, lobed or glandular ; leaves not digitately compound. 1. Fitis. Hypogynous disk obsolete or wanting; leaves digitately compound, leaflets 5-7. " 2. Parthenocissus. 1. VTTIS L. Grape. Leaves vpoolly beneath. Pubescence rusty-brown; berries large, musky. 1. F. Labrusca. Pubescence at length whitish; berries small, black, not musky. 2. V. aestivalis. Leaves glabrate, sometimes slightly pubescent when yoimg. Leaves bluish-white, glaucous beneath. 3. V. bicolor. Leaves not glaucous beneath. Leaves 3-7-lobed; lobes acute or acuminate. 4. V. vulpina. Leaves sharply dentate, scarcely lobedt High-climbing; leaves large; berries sour. 5. V. cordifolia. Low ; leaves small ; berries sweet. 6. V. rupestris. 1. ViTis Labrusca L. Northern Fox-grape. M. p. 614. Moist thickets. Spring. 2. ViTis aestivalis Michx. Summer Grape. M. p. 614. Thickets. Spring. Philadelphia— ^yherry, Mart. (B. C), Germantown (Me.), Fairmount Park (Pr.). Bucks— Near Sellersville (Fr.), Narrowsville (Mac), Sole- bury Twp. (Ws.). Delaware— Glenol^en (Ke.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Val- ley of Darby Creek and near Media (B. Sm.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster — (P.). Berts— Wernersville (Te.). ZeW^ft— Along base of Blue Moun- tain (Kr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin — (P.). 3. ViTis BICOLOR Le Conte. Blue or Winter Grape. M. p. 614. Woods. Summer. Bucks — (P.). Lancaster— {P.). Northampton— {P.). Dauphin— (P.). ggiO FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. 4. ViTis vuXiPiNA L. Riverside Grape. M. p. 614. Along rocky river- banks. Spring. Philadelphia — Wissahickon (Je.). Buds — Nockamixon, New Hope (Ws.). Montgomery— Iyj 'Rock (Ke.). Delaware— Concord, Crura Creek (Fu.). Lancaster— York Haven (Le.). N ortha7npt on — Haston, Porter . (B. C). Gloucester— Westville (Wn.). Hunterdon— StoektoTi (C). 5. ViTis CORDIFOLIA Michx. Frost or Chicken Grape. M. p. 615. Thickets and stream banks. Spring. 6- ViTis RUPESTRis Scheele. Sand Grape. M. p. 615. Eiver banks. Spring. Lancaster— (P.). Dauphin— {P.). 2. PARTHENOCISSUS Planch. 1. Pakthenocissus quinquepolia (L.) Planch. Virgijiia Creeper, American Ivy. M. p. 616. Woods and thickets. Summer. Order 18. MAL VALES. Stamens in several sets; anthers 2-celled; embryo straight. Fam. 1. Tiliaceae. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers 1-celled ; embryo curved. Fam. 2. Malvaceae. Family 1. TILIACEAE Juss. Linden Family. 1. TILIA L. 1, TiLiA Americana L. Linden, Bass-wood. M. p. 617. Rich woods and in cultivation. Spring. TiLiA EuROPAEA L. European Linden or Lime Tree. Cultivated. Early summer. Family 2. MALVACEAE Neck. Mallow Family. Stamen-column anther-bearing at the summit. Carpels 1-seeded. Involucels of 6-9 bractlets. 1. AUfiaea. Involucels of 1-3 bractlets or none. Stigmas linear, on the inner side of the style-branches. 2. Malva. Stigmas capitate, terminal. 3. Sida. Carpels 2-several-seeded. 4. Abutilon. Stamen-column anther-bearing below the entire or 5-toothed summit. Carpels 1-seeded. 5. Eosteletzhya. Carpels several-seeded. 6. Hibiscus. 1. ALTHAEA L. 1. Althaea officinalis L. Marsh Mallow. M. p. 618. Cultivated. Sum- mer. PMadeZpMo —Germantown (Je.). Buc1cs—(P.). Delaware— Ijima, roadside (W. Tr.). Lancaster— (P.). MALVACEAE. 221 Althaea rosea Cav. Hollyhock. Escaped. Summer. Althaea hirsuta L. Ballast. Summer. Camden — Camden (He.). 2. MALVA L. Mallow. Leaves with 5-9 shallow, angular lobes. Petals 2-4 times the length of the calyx. 1. M. splvestris. Petals 1-2 times the length of the calyx. 2. M. rotundifolia. Leaves deeply 5-7-lobed or pinnatifid. 3. M. moschata. 1. Malva sylvestris L. M. p. 618. Waysides and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C), Walnut Lane Station (Je.)-, Greenwich Point (Te.). BmcA's— Hilltown (Fr.). D6lfawa?-e— Swarth- more (Pr.). Lancaster— (P.). Berks— CP.). Northampton— {P.). Camei!a?('«rf — Tinicum (P.). CI ST ACE AE. 225 Burlington— Mediord (Br.)- Gloucester^ Near Mickleton, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). New Castle— Townsend, Canby and Tatnall. 11. Hypericum Canadense L. M. p. 628. Wet, sandy soil. Summer. 3. SAKOTHRA L. 1. Sarothra gentianoides L. Orange-grass, Pine-weed. M. p. 628. Dry, sandy soil. Summer. 4. TRIADENUM Raf. Marsh St. John's-wort. Leaves sessile; flower-clusters peduncled. 1. T. Virginicum. Leaves short-petioled ; flower-clusters nearly sessile. 2. T. petiolatum. 1. Triadenum Virginicum (L.) Raf. M. p. 629. Swamps. Summer. 2. Triadenum petiolatum (Walt.) Britton. M. p. 629. Swamps. Sum- mer. Philadelphia — Bartram's Garden (P.). CawdcH — Camden (C). New Castle — St. George 's, Canby. Family 3. ELATINACEAE Lindl. Water-wort Family. 1. ELATINE L. 1. Elatine Americana (Pursh.) Arn. Water-wort. M. p. 629. Margins of ponds and streams. Summer. Philadelphia — Philadelphia (Ca.). Bucks — Andalusia, shore of Dela- ware, Mart. (B. C.). Delaware — Tinicum near Ice-house, A. R. Smith (Fu.). Camden — Delaware River in tidal mud (C). Gloucester — Weuonah (Gi.). Ocean— Terrago Pond (C). Netv Castle — Muddy shores of Brandywine Creek. Family 4. CISTACEAE Lindl. Rock Rose Family. Petals 5, yellow, fugacious, or wanting. Leaves broad, lanceolate, or oblong. 1. Helianthemum. Leaves subulate or scale-like, imbricated ; style long. 2. Hudsonia. Petals 3, not yellow, persistent ; flowers minute ; style none. 3. Lechea. 1. HELIANTHEMUM Pers. Frost-weed. Petaliferous flowers 5-12, in terminal clusters. 1. R. majus. Petaliferous flowers solitary or rarely 2. 2. R. Canadense. 1. Helianthemum majus (L.) B. S. P. M. p. 630. Dry soil. Early summer. Bucks — ( P. ) . M ontgom ery — ( P. ) . 2. Helianthemum Canadense (L.) Michx. M. p. 631. Sandy or gravelly dry soil. Early summer. 2. HUDSONIA L. Flowers slender-pedicelled ; leaves subulate. 1. R. ericoides. Flowers nearly sessile; leaves scale-like. 2. R. tomentosa. 226 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 1. HuDSONiA ERicoiDES L. M. p. 631. Dry, sandy soil. Spring. New Jersey — Common in the pine-barrens. 2. HuDSONiA TOMENTOSA Nutt. M. p. 631. Sandy shores. Early summer. Neiu Jersey — Common near the coast. 3. LECHEA L. Pinweed. Leaves of the basal shoots oblong to ovate, not more than three times as long as broad. Outer sepals longer than the inner ; panicle very leafy. 1. L. minor. Outer sepals equalling or shorter than the inner. Pod oblong; pedicels slender, 2-4 mm. long. 2. L. racemulosa. Pod globose; pedicels about 1 mm. long. Erect, viUous-pubescent. 3. L. villosa. Ascending, bushy-branched, tomentose-canescent. 4. L. maritima. Leaves of the basal shoots lanceolate or linear, usually more than three time* as long as broad. Stem-leaves narrowly linear; inner sepals 1-nerved. 5. L. tenuifolia. Stem-leaves oblong-linear; inner sepals 3-nerved. 6. L. Leggettii. 1. Lechea minor L. M. p. 632. Dry, sterile ground. Late summer, 2. Lechea racemulosa Michx. M. p. 632. Dry and rocky soil. Summer, 8. Lechea vh,losa Ell. M. p. 632. Dry soil. Summer. 4. Lechea maritima Leggett. M. p. 632. Sandy soil near the coast. Summer. 5. Lechea tenuifolia Michx. M. p. 632. Dry, open places. Summer. Monmouth — Phalanx (C). 6. Lechea Leggettii Britt. & HoU. M. p. 633. Dry, open places. Summer. Family 6. VIOL ACE AE DC. Violet FamUy. Sepals more or less auricled at base. 1. Viola. Sepals not auricled at base. 2. Cubelium. 1. VIOLA L. Violet. Aeaulescent; flowers scapose. Plants not stoloniferous. Leaves mostly lobed or parted (except in one variety of V. pal- mata) . Petals bearded; cleistogamous flowers produced freely. Plants always more or less pubescent. 1. V. palmata. Plants comparatively glabrous, or with only slight pubes- cence. 2. V. Brittoniana. Petals not bearded; cleistogamous flowers wanting. 3. V. pedata. Leaves merely crenate or dentate, or incised at base, none lobed. Woodland species; peduncles of the cleistogamous flowers hori- zontal or decumbent. Leaves very thin, cordate -ovate, attenuate at apex; petals pale lilac. 4. V. ajfinis. Leaves thick, from ovate to reniform, obtuse or merely acute at apex. Petals dark violet-purple, narrow, the upper reflexed; leaves glabrous. 5. V. papilionacea. Petals reddish-purple, nearly orbicular; leaves hispid- pubescent above. 6. V. villosa. VJOLACKAE. 227 Meadow or swamp species; peduncles of the cleistogamoua flowers erect. 7. V. cucullata. Leaves lanceolate, oval, or ovate-lanceolate, often incised at base. Scapes shorter than the leaves. Petals scarcely emarginate; leaf -blades sagittate-lanceo- late. 8. V. sagittata. Petals usually emarginate; leaf -blades ovate or deltoid- triangular. 9. V. emarginata. Scapes longer than the leaves. 10. V. fimbriatula. Plants stoloniferous. Flowers yellow. 11. V. rotuadifolia. Flowers white. Leaves from broadly ovate to orbicular; cleistogenes on de- flexed peduncles. Upper and lateral petals twice as long as broad; petioles not spotted. 12. V. blanda. Upper and lateral petals three times as long as broad; petioles usually red-spotted. 13. V. LeConteana. Leaves from narrowly oval to linear; cleistogenes on erect peduncles. Leaf-blades oval to ovate, sometimes pubescent. 14. V. pritnulae folia. Leaf -blades lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, glabrous. 15. V. lanceolata. Caulescent, leafy-stemmed; flowers axillary. Flowers yellow. Plant pubescent or villous; basal leaves early withering. 16. F. pubescens. Plant sparsely pubescent or glabrate; basal leaves usually persia- tent. 17. V. scabriiLscula. Flowers blue, purple, white or cream-colored. Stipules entire. 18. V. Canadensis. Stipules incised or pinnatifid. Perennial; stipules much smaller than the blades. Petals cream-colored, the lower ones purple-veined. 19. r. striata. Petals blue or purple, rarely white. Spur of the corolla shorter than the petals. 20. V. MuhlenbergiL Spur of the corolla longer than the petals. 21. V. rostrata. Annual; stipules nearly as large as the blades. 22. F. Bafinesquii. 1. Viola palmata L. M. p. 635. Woodlands. Spring. la. Viola palmata dilatata Ell. M. p. 635. Range of type. 16. Viola palmata sororia (Willd.) Pollard. M. p. 635. Range of type. Ic. Viola palmata Angelas (Pollard). Dry woods. Spring. Bucks— Argus (Fr.). 2. Viola Brittoniana Pollard. M. p. 635. Sandy soil near the coast. Spring. Bucks— Penn Valley (Cr.). Burlington — Springdale (St.). Cape May— Cape May, Tuckahoe (St.). Occon— Point Pleasant (Br.). Mercer— Near Trenton (Br.). 3. Viola pedata L. Bird's- foot Violet. M. p. 636. Dry fields and hill- sides. Spring. 4. Viola affinis LeConte. M. p. 636. Rich soil in shade. Spring. 228 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 5. Viola papilionacea Pursb. M. p. 636. Woodlands and meadowa. Spring. 6. Viola villosa Walt. M. p. 636. Dry woods. Spring. 7. Viola cucullata Ait. M. p. 637. Bogs and wet meadows. Spring. 8. Viola sagittata Ait. M. p. 637. Wet meadows. Spring. 9. Viola emarginata (Nutt.) LeConte. M. p. 637. Fields and edges of woodlands. Spring. 10. Viola fimbriatula J. E. Smith. M. p. 638. Dry soil. Spring. 11. Viola rotundifolia Michx. M. p. 638. Cold woods. Early spring. Philadelphia— Wissahickon, Fairmount Park (Ha.), Shawmont (Sa.). BucJcs— Near Tuekertown (Fr.). Montgomery— Base Glen (Br.). Dela- ware—Swarthmore, Dr. J. B. Brinton (B. C), Wawa (Le.) (Sa.), near ■ Media (He.) (Mar.), Dismal Eun, Middletown (B. Sm.), Chester (W. Tr.). Lancaster— Fairfield (Ca.). Berls—KambuTg (Li.). Lehigh— Salsbiirg, E. A. Rau (B. C), .Jerusalem Church (Kr.). Monmouth — Keyport (C). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C). New Castle — North Hills, at and above "Wooddale, Greenbank, Pike Creek, Ashland, Commons. 12. Viola blanda Willd. Sweet White Violet. M. p. 638. Swamps and wet meadows. Spring. 13. Viola LeConteana Don. M. p. 638. Wet, hilly woods. Spring. Buds — Nockamixon (He.). Chester — French Creek Valley (Mac). Delaware— Chad's Ford (B. Sm.). New Castle — Mount Cuba, Commons; Wooddale. 14. Viola primulaepolia L. M. p. 639. Moist or wet ground. Spring. 15. Viola lanceolata L. M. p. 639. Wet meadows and along streams. Spring. 16. Viola pubescens Ait. M. p. 639. Dry woods. Spring. 17. Viola scabriuscula (T. & G.) Schwein. M. p. 639. Moist woods. Spring. 18. Viola Canadensis L. M. p. 639. Rich woods. Early summer. Philadelphia — PhWaAel^h'm, Mart. (B. C). iJwcfcs — Nockamixon. Chester — West Chester, in a yard long without care (Pr.). Hunterdon — Riegelsville (Ws.). 19. Viola striata Ait. M. p. 639. Moist woods and thickets. Spring. Pennsylvania — Frequent. Camden— hXao, Dr. J. B. Brinton (B. C). Giowcesi er—Swedesboro (Li.). /Somerset— Somerville (C). Mercer— Washington 's Crossing and Trenton (C). Hunterdon— JioWand, Stockton, Lambertville (C). New Castle — Common. 20. Viola Muhlenbergii A. Gray. Dog VioUt. M. p. 639. Moist soil. Early spring. ,21. Viola rostrata Pursh. M. p. 640. Rocky woods. Early summer. BmcA-s— Quakertown, Mart. (B. C), Argus (Cr.) (Ja.) (Ke.), Rock Hill (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.) (Li.) (Mac), New Hope (Sts.) (Ws.). Montgomery — Sumneytown (VP.). Vor///,a7)i/»^o/( — Easton, Porter (B. C.) (Ca.). CACTACEAE. 229 Mercer — Trenton (C.)- /Somerset — Liberty (Jorner (C.)- Hunterdon — Locktown, Lambertville, Eaven Rock (C). £2. Viola Rafinesquii Greene. M. p. 640. Woods and fields. Earlj spring. Viola odorata L. Sweet-scented Violet. M. p. 638. Cultivated and escaped. Spring. Viola tricolor L. Pansy, Heart 's-ease. M. p. 640. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. 2. CUBELIUM Rat. 1. Cubelium concolor (Forst.) Raf. Green Violet. M. p. 640. Moist woods. Spring. Philadelphia— Byherry, Mart. (B. C), Robinson 's Knoll. Bucks— (P.). Montgomery — Peneoyd (Te.), Green Lane (VP.). Delaware — Wawa, Swarthmore, Glenolden (U. C. S.), Concord (W. Tr.). C/f ester— Willis- town (Pr.). Lanca.ster—Coiiestoga, A. A. Heller (B. C), York Furnace (St.). Le/n^/i— Lehigh Mountain, about 2 acres of it (Kr.): Northamp- ton—Bethlehem, E. A. Eau (B. C). Hunterdon— MiUoTd, Bull's Island (St.). New Castle — Mount Cuba, Ashland, Brandywine Creek, Shelpot Creek. Not rare. Family 6. PASSIFLORACEAE Dumort. Passion-flower Family. 1. PASSIFLORA L. Passion-flower. Leaves deeply 3-5-lobed ; lobes serrate ; petals whitish ; corona purple. 1. P. incarnata. Leaves obtusely 3-lobed above the middle, the lobes entire ; flower yellowish. 2. P. lutea. 1. Passiflora incarnata L. M. p. 641. Cultivated. Early summer. Delaware — Media, naturalized, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). 2. Passiflora lutea L. M. p. 641. Thickets. Early summer. Lancaster— Safe Harbor (Pr.), island opposite Whittaker 's (Br.). Order 20. OPUNTIALES. Family 1. CACTACEAE Li ndl. Cactus Family. 1. OPUNTIA Mill. 1. Opuntia Opuntia (L.) Coult. Prickly Pear, Indian Fig. M. p. 644. Sandy fields and dry rocks. Summer. Philadelphia — Wissahickon above Thorp's Lane (VP.). Lancaster — Island at Peach Bottom (Ca.). New Jersey — Common. Order 21. THYMELEALES. Leaves green; seed pendulous. Fam. 1. Thymeleaceae. Leaves silvery-scurfy; seed erect. Fam. 2. Elaeagnaceae. 230 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Family 1. TH7MELEACEAE Keichenb. Mezereon Family. 1. DIRCA L. 1. DiRCA PALUSTRis L. Leatherwood, Moosewood. M. p. 646. Damp, rich woods. Spring. Philadelphia — Bartram's Garden (Pe.). Bucks — Near Doylestown (Fr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.) . Berks— (P.). Northampton -(P.). Gloucester— 'iii ear Swedesboro (Li.). jSo^em — Woodstown (He.), Salem (Wa.). Mercer— Assanpink Creek (C). New Castle — Brandywinc Creek, north side above Market Street and above Rockford, Tatnall; Mount Cuba, Canby. Family 2. ELAEAGNACEA.E Lindl. Oleaster Family. 1. ELAE AGNUS L. 1. Elaeagnus argentea Pursh. Silver-berry. M. p. 647. Escaped from cultivation. Summer. Elaeagnus latifolia L. Escaped from cultivation and natural- ized. DeZau'a?'e— Upper Darby, Upper Providence (B. Sm.). Order 22. MYRTALES. Land or marsh plants, or if aquatic, submerged leaves not dissected. Calyx-tube merely enclosing the ovary, but free from it, except at the base. Anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Pam. 1. Lythraceae. Anthers opening by terminal pores. Fam. 2. Melastomaceae. Calyx-tube almost wholly adnate to the ovary. Fam. 3. Onagraceae. Aquatic or amphibious herbs, the submerged leaves dissected. Fam. 4. Haloragidaceae. Family 1. LYTHRACEAE Lindl. Loosestrife Family. Calyx-tube cnmpanulate or hemispheric ; flowers regular. Flowers small, axillary, solitary or few; low herbs. 1. Rotala. Flowers large, in axillary cymes ; large aquatic shrubs. 2. Decodon. Calyx-tube cylindrie; flowers regular. 3. Lythrum. Calyx-tube tubular, oblique ; flowers irregular. 4. Parsonsia. 1. ROTALA L. 1. Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne. M. p. 649. Swamps. Summer. Delaware — Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Chester— (P.). Lot? caster— Columbia (Wn.), Burlington — Burlington (C). Salem — Sharptown (Wn.). Cape May —Woodbine (Br.). New Castle — Wilmington (Pr.), Barley Mill Dam, etc. Frequent. 2. DECODON J. F. Gmel. 1. Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. Swamp Loosestrife. M. p. 649. Swampy grounds. Summer. Bucks— Penn Valley (Fr.). Delaware— Valley of Darby Creek (B. ONAGRACEAE. 231 SoQ.)- Lancaster— Yor)s. Furnace (U. C. S.). Berks— {Y.). Northamp- ton—(F.). Dauphi7i—(P.). New Jersey — Common. 3. LYTHRUM L. Loosestrife. Flowers axillary, solitary; stamens not more numerous than the petals. Leaves obtuse; stamens all included; annual. 1. L. Hyssopifolia. Leaves acute; stamens of short-styled flowers exserted; perennial. 2. L. alatum. Flowers in panicled spikes, terminal ; stamens twice as many as the petals. 3. L. Salicaria, 1. Lythrum Hyssopifolia L. M. p. 649. Borders of salt marshes. Summer. Bucks — Plumstead (Fr.). 2. Lythrum alatum Pursh. M. p. 650. Low grounds. Summer. Delaware— Haj Island (B. Sm.), Tinicum (VP.). GZoMcesfer— Williamstown (He.). Mercer— Pennington (C). 3. Lythrum Salicaria L. M. p. 650. Wet meadows. Summer. Philadelphia — Cobb's Creek and Haverford Road (Mac). Bucks- Narrowsville (Ja.). Cftesfer— Near West Chester (Fu.). Northampton— {P.). Camdeji— Camden (He.), Kaighn's Point (Te.) (Wn.). Gloucester— Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic— ^gg Harbor (Sts.). ff«??ferdon— Tumble Station and Bull Island (C). New Casfie — River shore, Canhy. ' 4. PARSONSIA P. Br. 1. Parsonsia petiolata (L.) Rusby. Clammy Cuphea. M. p. 650. Dry soil. Summer and fall. Family 2. MELASTOMACEAE R. Br. Meadow-beauty Family, 1. RHEXTA L. Meadow-beauty. Stem cylindric, very pubescent. 1. J?. Mariana. Stem square or angled. Stem more or less pubescent ; leaves ovate. 2. R. Virginica. Stem glabrous. 3. R. aristosa. 1. Rhexia Mariana L. M. p. 651. Swamps. Summer. Bucks— BTistol, Mart. (B. C), Penn Valley (Wn.). New Jersey— Common. New Castle — Thompson's, Moore's, etc. Frequent. 2. Rhexia Virginica L. Deer Grass. M. p. 651. Sandy swamps. Sum- mer. 3. Rhexia aristosa Britton. M. p. 651. Sandy swamps. Summer, Cape Ifai/— Woodbine (Br.), Cape May (St.). Atlantic— Y,gg Harbor. Family 3. ONAGRACEAE Dumort. Evening-primrose Family. Floral whorls of 4 parts or more. Fi'uit a many-seeded capsule, opening by valves or a pore. Calyx-tube not prolonged beyond the ovary. 232 FLORA OF FHILAVFLFHIA. Seeds naked. Stamens 4, in one row. Leaves opposite; stems creeping or floating. 1. Isnardia. Leaves alternate ; stems erect or ascending. 2. Ludwigia. Stamens 8-12, in 2 rows. 3. Jussiaea. Seeds furnished with a tuft of silky hairs. 4. Chamaenerion. Calyx-tube prolonged beyond the ovary. Seeds furnished with silky hairs. 5. Epilobium. Seeds naked or sometimes tuberculate. Stamens equal in length. Ovules and seeds horizontal, inserted in 2 or rarely more rows, prismatic-angled. 6. Onagra. Ovules and seeds ascending, not angled. 7. Oenothera. Stamens unequal in length, the alternate ones longer. 8. Kneiffia. Fruit indehiscent, nut-like. 9. Gaura. Floral whorls of 2 parts. 10. Circaea. 1. ISNARDIA L. 1. Isnardia palustris L. Water Furslane. M. p. 652. Muddy ditches and swamps. Summer and fall. 2. LUDWIGIA L. Flowers inconspicuous ; petals none, or small, yellowish or greenish ; valves of the capsule separating from the terminal disk. Capsules subglobose ot top-shaped. 1. L. sphaerocarpa. Capsules cylindric or obpyramidal. 2. L. linearis. Flowers showy, peduncled; petals large, bright yellow; capsules opening by an apical pore. Plants hirsute ; capsules bristly-pubescent. 3. L. hirtella. Plants glabrous or nearly so ; capsules glabrous. 4. L. alternifolia. 1. Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Ell. M. p. 653. Swamps. Summer. BmcA-s— Bristol (Fr.). Burlington — Atsion. Gloucester — Near Mickleton Junction (He.). iSaHein— Manington (C), Cumberland, Millville (Je.) (Re.). Atlantic— Hammonton (Cr.) (Ke.) (Pr.), Egg Harbor (Ja.), May's Landing (Le.). Cape May — Woodbine (Br.). Mercer— Mercerville (VP.). New Castle— Townsendi, Canby and Tatnall. 2. Ludwigia linearis Walt. M. p. 654. Swamps. Summer. Burlington— Atsion (Fr.). Cape Mai/— Woodbine (St.). Atlantic— Hammonton (Ke.), May's Landing (Li.), Egg Harbor (Wn.). 3. Ludwigia hirtella Raf. M. p. 654. Moist pine-barrens. Summer. Burlington— Batsto, Quaker Bridge (C), Atsion (Fr.). Atlantic— Hammonton, Main Road Station (C). 4. Ludwigia alternifolia L. Seed-box. M. p. 654. Swamps. Summer. 3. JUSSIAEA L. 1. Jussiaea diffusa Forskl. M. p. 654. Ponds. Summer. Cowden- Kaighn's Point, Mart, and I. BurJc (Fu.). ONAGEACEAE. 233 4. CHAMABNERION Adans. 1. Chamaeneeion angustifolium (L.) Scop. Great Willotv-herb, Fire-weed. M. p. 655. Dry soil. Summer. o. EPILOBIUM L. Willow-herb. Leaves linear or lanceolate, entire or nearly so. j Plants crisp-pubescent or canescent. 1. E. lineare. Plants glandular-pubescent throughout or only above. 2. E. strictum. Leaves lanceolate or ovate, serrate. Seeds obconic, beakless; coma reddish. 3. E. coloratum. Seeds ellipsoid, short-beaked; coma white. 4. E. adenocaulon. 1. Epilobium lineake Muhl. M. p. 656. Swamps. Summer. ^McA-s — Springfield Twp. (Fr.). Lancaster — Vea,t\\ Bottom (Ca.), Little Britain Twp. (Pr.). Cape May — Cape May (Ja.). New Castle — Thompson's, Hand's. Bare. 2. Epilobium strictum Muhl. M. p. 656. Bogs. Summer. Delaware— (P.). La;(casier— Near Lancaster (Ca.). Burlington — Pemherton (C). Cape May— Sea Isle City (Li.). 3. Epilobium coloratum Muhl. M. p. 656. Wet places. Summer. 4. Epilobium adenocaulon Haussk. M. p. 656. Wet places. Summer. Delaware— Tinicum (B. Sm.). Northampton— Pen Argyl (He.) (Ja.), New Castle — Jackson and Sharpe 's lumber yard. I^PiLOBiUM parviflokum Scheetz. Ballast. Philadelphia— Phi\adel]phia, C. A. Boice (B. C). 6. ONAGRA L. 1. Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. Common Evening Primrose. M. p. 657. Dry soil. Summer and fall. 7. OENOTHERA L. Evening Primrose. Silvery-pubescent with appressed or ascending hairs; seeds striate. 1. 0. humifusa. Glabrous or sparingly hirsute-pubescent ; seeds pitted. 2. O. laciniata. 1. Oenothera humifusa Nutt. M. p. 658. Sea-beaches. Summer. Cape Mai/— Wildwood, Anglesea, Cape May, Ocean City (He.). Ocean — Seaside Park (Ha.). 2. Oenothera laciniata Hill. M. p. 658. Sandy, dry soil. Early summer, Phikidelphia— Chestnut Hill (Je.). Bucl's—(P.). Chester— Coates- ville, H. E. Stone (B. C). New Jersey — Common. New Oasf^e— Townsend, Canby. 8. KNEIPPIA Spach. Sundrgps. C!apsules club-shaped. Pedicels and capsules pubescent. Pedicel longer than the body of the capsule, the wings thick and pubescent. 1. R. longipedicellata. 284 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Pedicel shorter than the body of the capsule, the wings thin and glabrous. 2. K. linearis. Pedicels and capsules glabrous or glabrate. 3. K. pumila. Capsules oblong or nearly so. 4. K. fruticosa. 1. ELneiffia longipedicellata Small. M. p. 659. In fields and thickets. jBucfcs— TuUytown (P.). Delaware— Tiniaum (B. Sm.). Neic Jersey/— Frequent. 2. Kneiffia linearis (Michx.) Spach. M. p. 660. Dry soil. Summer. Montgomery— {P.). Delatvare—Darhy, H. C. Barker (B. C), Lans- downe (Pe.). Lancaster— (P.). Burlington— (Quaker Bridge, Pemberton (C). Gloucester— Mickleton (C), Washington Park (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li.). )Saiem— Canton (C). Cape May— Whale Beach (Ab.). Atlantic— Ahseeon (C). Monmouth— Deal (C). Neu) Cast /e~Townsend, Canby. 3. Knkiffia pumila (L.) Spach. M. p. 660. Dry soil. Summer. 4. Kneiffia fruticosa (L.) Raimann. Common Sundrops. M. p. 660. Dry soil. Summer. 9. GAURA L. 1. Gauua biennis L. M. p. 663. Dry banks. Summer. 10. CIRCAEA L. Enchanter's Nightshade. Fruit 2-celled; leaves mainly of an ovate type. 1. C. Lutctiana. Fruit 1 -celled; leaves mainly of a cordate type. 2. C. alpina. 1. CiBCAEA Lutetiana L. M. p. 664. Woods. Summer. 2. CiKCAEA ALPINA L. M. p. 664. Cold, moist woods. Summer. Lehigh — Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton — Pen Argyl (He.) (Ja.). Fiiniily 4 HALORAGIDAOEAE Kl. & Garcke. Water milfoil Family. Fruit 3-angled or 4-angled. 1. Proserpinaca. Fruit of 4 carpels. 2. Myriophyllum. 1. PROSERPINACA L. Mermaid-weed. Einersed leaves linear-lanceolate to" oblong, serrate; fruit sharp-angled. 1. P. palustris. Leaves all pectinate-pinnatifid; fruit obtusely angled. 2. P. pectinata. 1. Proserpinaca palustris L. M. p. 665. Swamps. Summer. 5«cis— Bristol, Mart. (B. C), Argus, Sellersville (Fr.). Northampton — (P.). Dauphin— {P.). New Jersey — Common. Nexo Castle — Col. Andrews', Pencader Hd. and elsewhere. Not rare. 2. Proserpinaca pectinata Lam. M. p. 665. Sandy swamps. Summer. Lancaster — (P.) . New Jersey — Common near the coast. New Castle— Jjoyver Hundreds, Commons. ARALIACEAE. 235 2. MYRIOPHYLLUM L. Water- milfoil. Carpels smooth. Flowers in emersed spikes. Floral leaves longer than the flowers, pinnatifid. 1. M. verticillatum. Floral leaves reduced to minute bracts. 2. M. tenellum. Flowers on both emersed and submersed stems. 3. M. humile. Carpels rough or tubereulate. Floral leaves ovate or lanceolate, serrate. 4. M. heterophyllv/ni. Floral leaves linear, pectinate. 5. M. pinnatuvi. 1. Myriophyllum verticillatum L. M. p. 666. Biicks—CP.). 2. Myriophyllum tenellum Bigel. M. p. 666. Borders of ponds. Sum- mer. Oceaw— Point Pleasant (Br.) (St.). Monmouth— S)Y)ving Lake (Wn.). 3. Myriophyllum humile (Raf.) Morong. M. p. 666. Ponds and ditches. Summer. Lancaster — York Furnace (He.). Burlington— PemheTton (C). Camden— Camden, Mart. (B. C), Clem- enton (Ja.) (U. C. S.). Gloucester— V^eatyille, I. Burk (He.). Salem — Riddleton (Li.). Cape May — Wildwood (He.). Monmouth — Deal, A. H. Smith (Fu.), Freehold, Keyport (C). 4. Myriophy'LLUm heterofhyllum Michx. M. p. 666. Ponds. Summer. Bucks — Near Quakertown (Fr.). Atlantic — Hammontun (C). Netv Castle— Canal Coves, etc.; Delaware City, Commons and Tatnall. 5. Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walt.) B. S. P. M. p. 666. Shallow ponda. Summer. Gloucester — ^weAesboTo (Li.), Westville (Wn.). iSaiem. — Riddleton (He.) (Le.). Ca/)e May— Cape May (He.), Wildwood (Li.). Monmouth -Freehold (C). New Castle — Delaware City. Tatnall; Collins, Commons. Older '23. UMBELLALES. Stamens 5 ; styles 2-5, rarely united ; flowers umbellate, capitate or panieled. Fruit a fleshy berry or drupe. Fam. 1. Araliaceae. Fruit dry when mature, splitting into two mericarps. Fam. 2. Umbelliferae^ Stamens 4; style 1; stigma 1; shrubs and trees; flowers not umbellate. Fam. 3. Cornaceae. Family 1. ARALIACEAE Vent. Ginseng Family. Herbs, shrubs, or trees ; leaves alternate ; decompound ; styles 5. 1. Aralia. Herbs ; leaves verticillate, digitately compound ; styles 2 or 3. 2, Panax. 1. ARALIA L. Umbels numerous, panieled or racemose. Spiny shrub or tree ; leaflets thick, ovate. 1. A. spinosa. Branching unarmed herb; leaflets thin, large, cordate. 2. A. racemosa. 236 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Umbels 2-several, sometimes numerous, terminal or oorymbose. Plant glabrate; leaf and peduncle arising from the rootstoek. 3. A. nudicaulis. Plant bristly or hispid; stem leafy, erect. 4. A. 1. Abalia spinosa L. Angelica-tree, Hercules Club. M. p. 668. River- banks. Summer. Philadelphia— BjhevTy, Mart. (B. C), West Philadelphia (Ha.) (Mac.) (Te.), Wissahickon (Me.), Bartram's Garden (Pe.). Bucks — (F.). Z>e?ou;ore— Middletown (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Aston (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh— Ijehigh (Sch.). Camden — Ancora (Li.). Gloucester — Near Mantua, escaped (He.). Mo7\mouth — Keyport (C). New Castle — Eoadsides, J. Shipley's, Tatnall; Cedar Swamps, Com- mons; near Clayton. Not common. 2. Aralia racemosa L. Spilcenard. M. p. 668. Rich woodlands. Summer. 3. Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla. M. p. 668. Woodlands. Spring. 4. Aralia hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla. M. p, 668. Rocky and sandy places. Summer. Mont^omeji/ — Hillside north of Frazier's Bog, Willow Grove (VP.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster— 'Bz.T^ks of Susquehanna (W. Tr.). Berks— Hamburg. Dauphin — (P.)' Monmouth — Asbury Park (Wn.). Hunterdo^i — Stockton (C). 2. PANAX L. L/oaflets 5, ovate or obovate, stalked, acuminate. 1. jP. quinquefolvum. Leaflets 3-5, oval to oblanceolate, sessile, obtuse. 2. P. trifolium. X. Panax quinquefolium L. Ginseng. M. p. 668. Rich woods. Summer, ^wcfcs— Nockamixon (Fr.), Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Detoware— Middle- town (Fu.), Wawa, Lima (Ja.), Concord (W. Tr.). Lancaster— Peach Bottom (Ca.), York Furnace (Cr.). Lehdgh—ljehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton — (P.). New Castle — General but scarce. 2. Panax trifolium L. Divarf Ginseng, Ground-nut. M. p. 668. Moist woods. Spring. Family 2. UMBELLIFERAE B. Juss. Carrot or Parsley Family. Leaves simple, undivided, sometimes slightly lobed. Leaves narrow, mostly spiny-toothed; flowers in dense heads. 3. Eryngium. Leaves ovate and perf oliolate ; flowers yellow. 8. Bupleurum. Leaves orbicular or ovate, slender-petioled, often peltate. 1. Hydrocotyle. Leaves, or some of them, pinnate, ternate, digitate, decompound or deeply lobed. Flowers in sessile or short-stalked, capitate clusters opposite the leaves. 6. Torilis. Flowers in simple umbels; leaves pedately lobed. 1- Hydrocotyle. Flowers in more or less compound umbels. UMBELLIFKKAE. ^M Flowers white, greenish or pink. Fruit, or its beak, bristly, papillose or tuberculate. Leaves digitately 3-7-parted or lobed. 2. Sanicula. Leaves pinnately or ternately decompound or dissected. Fruit linear, ribbed, long-attenuate at the base. 5. Washingto7iia. Fruit with 4 strong, bristly wings. 25. Daucus. Fruit smooth, ribbed or winged, rarely pubescent. Fruit winged, at least on the lateral ribs, dorsally flat- tened. Leaves simply ternate or pinnate. 22. Oxi/polis. Leaves ternately or pinnately compound; segments broad. Segments ovate or oval, not cordate. 21, Angelica. Segments large; cordate, pubescent. 24. Heracleum. Fruit winged or wingless, not flattened either dorsally or laterally. 18. Aethusa. Fruit laterally flattened. Fruit linear or linear-oblong. Leaves 3-foliolate. 11. Deringa. Leaves decompound or finely dissected. 4. Chaerophyllum. Fruit ovoid or oval. Leaves finely dissected into filiform segments. Ribs of the fruit equal, prominent. 17. Ptilimnium. Ribs filiform, inconspicuous. 12. Carum. Leaves pinnate or decompound; segments linear to ovate-oblong. Oil-tubes of the fruit none. Leaves biternate with broad segments. 15. Aegopodiwn. Leaves decompound into small, pinnati- fid segments. 7. Conium. Oil-tubes solitary between the ribs ; leaves pinnate. 10. Cicuta. Oil-tubes numerous. Tall, native marsh perennials. 16. Sium. Introduced plant of dry ground. 14. Pimpinella. Flowers yellow or purple. Fruit dorsally flattened. 23. Pastinaca. Fruit not flattened; ribs, or some of them, winged. 20. thaspium. Fruit laterally flattened; leaves decompound (except Zizia). Leaf -segments oval or ovate, entire. 13. Taevidia. Leaf-segments crenate, lobed or incised. Leaf-segments broad, crenate or dentate. 9. Zizia. Leaf-segments filiform; fruit prominently ribbed. 19. Foeniculum. 1. HYDROCOTYLE L. Water Pennywort. Leaves nearly orbicular, peltate. Umbels simple, rarely proliferous; pedicels slender. 1. H. umhellata. 238 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. Umbels, at least some of them, proliferous; pedicels, or some of them, short. Fruit notched at each end. 2. H. Canbyi. Fruit not notched at either end. 3. H. verticillata. Leaves nearly orbicular, cordate, or reniform, not peltate. Leaves 5-13-lobed; umbels nearly sessile. 4. H. Americana. Leaves 3-7-cleft; umbels long-peduncled. 5. H. ranunculoides. 1. Hydbocotyle umbellata L. M. p. 671. Swamps and low grounds. Summer. 2. Hydrocotyle Canbyi C. & K. M. p. 671. Moist ground. Summer. ^wcAs— Neshaminy Creek near Doylestown (Br.). Cumberland — Low grounds near Delaware Bay (C). Cape Moy— Cape May (Ja.). New Castle — Collins ' Beach, Commons. 3. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. M. p. 671. Moist soil. Summer. Cape May — Cape May (Cr.), Wildwood (He.) (Li.). Monmouth — Redbank (C), Deal, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). 4^ Hydrocotyle Americana L. M. p. 672. Wet places. Summer. 5. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. M. p. 672. Ponds and swamps. Summer. Chester— (F.). Lancaster— York Furnace (Or.) (He.) (Li.), Peach Bottom ( Pr. ) . Dauphin — ( P. ) . 2. SANICULA L. Snake-koot. Perennial; some staminate flowers in separate heads; styles longer than the bristles. Petals and anthers greenish-white; calyx-segments lanceolate, cuspidate; fruit 6 mm. long. 1. S. Marylandica. Petals and anthers yellow; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse; fruit 3 mm. long or less. 2. S. gregaria. Biennial; staminate flowers never in separate heads; styles shorter than the bristles. Leaves 3-5-divided; pedicels of staminate flowers 2 mm. long; fruit less than 4 mm. long. 3. S. Canadensis. Leaves 3-foliolate; pedicels of staminate flowers 4 mm. long; fruit 6 mm. long or more. 4. S. trifoliata. 1. Sanicula Marylandica L. Sanicle, Black Snake-root. M. p. 672. Rich woods. Early summer. 2. Sanicula gregaria Bicknell. M. p. 673. Woods and thickets. Spring. 3. Sanicula Canadensis L. M. p. 673. Woodlands. Summer. 4. Sanicula trifoliata Bicknell. M. p. 673. Hilly woods. Early summer. 3. ERYNGIUM L. Eryngo. Leaves elongated-linear, parallel-veined. 1. E. aquaticum. Leaves elongated-linear, reticulate-veined. 2. E. Virgin i.a7ium. 1. Eryngium aquaticum L. Battlesnake-Master. M. p. 673. Wet soiL Summer. Burlington — Bet-ween Atsion and Quaker Bridge (C). 2. Eryngium Virginianum Lam. Eryngo. M. p. 673. Marshes along the coast. Summer. UMBELLIFERAE. 239 Biicks— Bristol (P.)- Delaware— Tinicum (P.)- New Jersey— Common along the coast. Ca7ndeit — Ca.mden, Mart. (B. C). Gloucester — Center Square (He.), near Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle — Swamps, river shore, Holly Oak. Frequent. 4. CHAEROPHYLLUM L. 1. CHAEROPHYLLUM PROCUMBENS (L.) Crantz. Chervil. M. p. 674. Moist ground. Spring. Philadelphia— 'Wissaibickon, River Road near Belmont (Je.), Schuylkill above Philadelphia (Pr.), Orniiston, Fairmount Park (VP.). Bucks— Near Point Pleasant (Fr.), Nockamixon (Le.) (Mac). Montgomery— Perkiomen (Cr.), Ivy Rock (Ke.), Areola (Mar.). J9eioware— Chad's Ford (B. Sm.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh Salisbury (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). Dauphin —Steelton (Wn.). Camden — Banks of Delaware below Gloucester (Wn.). Mercer— Tzen- ton and northward (C). New Castle — General and frequent. 5. WASHINGTONIA Raf. Sweet Cicely. Pnbescent; style and stylopodium 1 mm. long or less. 1. IV. Claytoni. Glabrate; style and stylopodium 2 mm. long. 2. W. longistylis. 1. WASHINGTONIA Claytoni (Michx.) Britton. M. p. 675. Woods. Spring. 2. WASHINGTONIA LONGISTYLIS (Torr.) Britton. M. p. 67.5. Woods. Spring. 6. TORILIS Adans. L ToRiLis Anthriscus (L.) Gmel. Hedge-parsley. M. p. 675. Waste places. Summer. Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Ja.). Cape Mav/ — Wildwood, Angleaea. 7. CONIUM L. 1. CONIUM MACULATUM L. Foison Eemlock. M. p. 676. Waste places. Summer. Bucks— Near Point Pleasant (Fr.), New Hope (Ws.). Montgomery— Spring Mill (Je.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton- Easton (Ca.), Wind Gap (He.) (Li.). Burlington— Pemherton (C). Ca^nde/i— Ballast (C). Hunterdon — Bull's Island (C). New Castle— 18th Street near Wooddale Avenue. Not common. 8. BUPLEURUM L. L BuPLEURUM ROTUNDlFOLiuM L. Thorough-wax. M. p. 677. Cultivated and escaped. Summer. 9. ZIZIA Koch. Basal leaves 2-3-ternately compound. 1. Z. aurea. Basal leaves cordate, undivided ; fruit about 3 mm, long, 2. Z. cordata. 1. ZiziA AUREA (L.) Koch. Goldcu Meadow-parsnip. M. p. 678. Fields, meadows and swamps. Spring. 240 FLORA OF FUlLADKLtHIA. Philadelphia — River road near Wissahiekon Creek (Je.), Upper Wissa- hickon (Me.)- ifwcArs— Rock Hill (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— {P.). Lefei^ 7i— Rockdale (Kr.). Northampton— {F.). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C). 2. ZiziA CORDATA (Walt.) DC. Heart-leaved Alexanders. M. p. 679. Wooda. Spring. Philadelphia— GQth and Lancaster Ave. (Mac). Bucks— Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.), Green Lane (VP.). Delaiuare — Swarthmore (Ws.). Chester — Oakbourne (Wn.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampto7i^^'EsiSton, Porter (B. C). Mercer — Trenton (C). Middlesejc— Morgan's Station (C). New Castle— Mount Cnha (Ja.) (Ke.), Centerville, etc., Commons. 10. CICUTA L. Water Hemlock. Leaf -segments, lanceolate. 1. C. maoulata. Leaf-segments narrowly linear. 2. C. bulbifera. 1. CicuTA maculata L. Spotted Cowbane, Musquash Hoot, Beaver Poison. M, p. 679. Swamps. Summer. 2. CiC'UTA BULBIFERA L. M. p. 679. Swanips. Summer. Philadelphia — West Schuylkill (Me.). jBmc As— Andalusia, Mart. (B. C), TuUytown (Cr.) (Le.), Nockamixon (Fr.). Lancaster — Pequea (Ca.), Collins' Ferry (Pr.). Le^Mf/^i — Rockdale (Kr.). Dauphin— Ha.! risburg, on the canal (Wn.). Mercer — Princeton Junction (C). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C). Netv Castle — Pivot Bridge and Pencader Hd., Commons. 11. DERINGA Adans. 1. Deringa Canadensis (L.) Kuntze. Honewort. M. p. 679. Woods. Summer. 12. CARUM L. 1. Carum Carui L. Caraway. M. p. 679. Waste places. Early summer. Bucks— Bock Hill, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). 13. TAENIDIA Drude. Yellovf Pimpernel. 1. Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude. M. p. 680. Rocky hillsides. Spring. Bucks — Sellersville (Fr.), Nockamixon (Le.), Neshaminy Creek (Ws.). Montgomery— l\j Rock, Skippack Creek, Sumneytown (VP.). Dela- ware—Uadnor (W. Tr.). C/iesier— Phcenixville, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.), Valley Forge (U. C. S.). Lancaster — Columbia (Ws.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin— Steelton (Wn.). . . Middlesex— Ferth Amboy (C). -Sow erseif — Rocky Hill (C). Hunter- don—Miltord, Rosemont (C). New Castle — Centerville, Mount Cuba, Tatnall and Commons. 14. PIMPINELLA L. 1. Pimpinella Saxifraga L. Bennet Pimpernel. M. p. 680. Waste places. Summer and fall. DeZawore — Lansdowne, Br. Kmily G. Hunt (He.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C.) (Ca.). UMBELLIFERAB. 241 15. AEGOPODIUM L. 1. AEGOPODIUM PODAGRARiA L. Gout-weed. M. p. 680. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — Dark Run at Frankford (Cr.), Germantown, common (Me.), Wissahickon (VP.). Delaware— lismadoyvne, Dr. Emily G. H'unt (He.) (Pe.). LaJicaster— Rohrerstown, J. K. Small (He.). Northamp- ton—Bethlehem (P.). A'^eit' C'ds^/e— Newark, Covimoii^. Not since found. 16. SIUM L. Water-parsnip. Plant stout, 6-18 dm. high; leaf -segments 7-17. 1. S. cicutae folium. Plant weak, 3-9 dm. high; leaf-segments 3-7. 2. S. Carsoni. 1. SiUM cicutaefolium Gmel. M. p. 681. Swampa. Summer. Fhiladelphia—'ThoTip's Lane, Chestnut Hill (Je,). BmcAs— Rock Hill (Fr.), New Hope (Ws.). Chester— (^.). La/icaster— Columbia (Ca.), Turkey Hill (Le.). Northampton— CP.). Camden — Kaighn's Point (Mac). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Bridgeport (W. Tr.). Cape May — Five-mile Beach (Ja.) (Le.). Ocean— Forked River (Le.). New Castle — Mount Cuba (Cr.), Wilmington, Dr. Michener. 2. SiUM Carsoni Durand. M. p. 681. Streams. Summer. BwcAs— Rock Hill (Fr.). 17. PTILIMNIUM Raf. 1. Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. Mock Bishop-weed. M. p. 681. Wet soil. Summer. Bucks — TuUytown (P.). Delaware — Shore of Delaware, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). New Jersey — Frequent. New Castle — Frequent. 18. AETHUSA L. 1, Aethusa Cynapium L. Fool's Parsley. M. p. 682, Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— (P.). iiucfrs— Rock Hill (Mac). Montgomery— Shan nonville (Cr.). Delaware— Chester, Mart. (B. C), Tinicum (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek near Burmont, L. L. Smith (B. Sm.) (W. Tr.). Lehigh —Rockdale (Kr.). Nortlmmpton — Pen Argyl (U. C. S.). Camdeji— Haddonfield (C), Kaighn's Point (Ja.). Gloucester— 'i^eaj Woodbury, Jos. B. Livezy (He.). New CasiZe— Centerville, Wilmington, and Mount Cuba, Commons. 19. FOENICULUM Adans. 1. FoENicuLUM FOENICULUM (L.) Karst. Fennel. M. p. 682. Escaped from gardens. Summer. 20. THASPIUM Nutt. Meadow-parsnip. Leaves mostly ternate ; segments erenate, thickish. 1. T. trifoliatum. Leaves mostly biternate ; segments incised or lobed, rather thin. 2. T. barbinode. 242 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 1. Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Britton. M. p. 684. Woods. Early sum- mer, lo. Thaspium trifoliatum aureum (L.) Britton. M. p. 684. Woods. Early summer. 2. Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. M. p. 684. Banks of streams. Spring. Philadelpiiia — ^yhexxy , Mart. (B. C), Wissahickon (Je.), Sellers' Mill, Cobb's Creek (Te.). jSwcfcs— (P.). Ifont^^omerj/— Conshohocken (Cr.). Detowore— Lansdowne (Pe.), near Media (B. Sm.), Chester (W. Tr.), Chad's Ford (Wn.). CTiesier — Westtown, Valley Forge (Le.). Lancaster — (P.). Nortluimpton — 'EiSi&ton (Ca.). Dauphin — Harrisburg, Steelton (Wn.). Camden — Magnolia (Ha.). Netv Castle — Frequent. 21. ANGELICA L. Umbels glabrous or nearly so ; leaf -segments acute or acutish. 1. A. atropurpurea. Umbels densely tomentose; leaf -segments obtuse. 2. A. villosa. 1. Angelica atropurpurea L. M. p. 685. Swamps and moist ground. Early summer. Sticks — (P.). Montgomery — Shanuonville (Cr.). Delaware — Media, etc., common (Fu,), Williamson (Pe.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). C/iester— Valley Forge (Ja.). La7icaster— (P.). Berfcs— Hamburg (He.) (Li.). Le/ii^/i— Coplay (Kr.). Northampton— (F.). Burlington— Mooreatown (C). Salem — Salem (C). Cumberland— Vineland (C). New Casfie— Roseville. Rare. 2. Angelica villosa (Walt.) B. S. P. M. p. 685. Dry ground. Summer. 22. OXYPOLIS Raf. 1. OxYPOLis KiGiDUS (L.) Raf. Cowbane. M. p. 686. Swamps. Late summer. 1. OxYPOLis RiGiDUS LONGiFOLius (Pursh.) Britton. M. p. 686. Swamps. Summer. New Castle — McCrone's and below New Castle, Commons. 23. PASTINACA L. 1. Pastinaca sativa L. Parsnip. M. p. 688. Wet ground. Early sum- mer. 24. HERACLEUM L. 1. Heracleum lanatum Michx. Cow-parsnip. M. p. 688. Wet ground. Early summer. 25. DAUCUS L. 1. Daucus Carota L. Wild Carrot. M. p. 688. Fields and waste places. Summer. Ami Visnago Lam. Ballast. Camden— K&ighn'fi Point (Ja.). COKNACKAE. 243 Family 3. CORNACEAE Link. Dogwood Family. Flowers perfect, 4-parted; ovary 2-celled. 1. Cornus, Flowers polygamous or dioecious; petals minute or none. 2. Nyssa. 1. CORNUS L. Flowers capitate, with au involucre of 4-6 large white bracts. Low herbaceous shrubs; rootstocks slender. 1. C. Canadensis. Tree or large shrub; flowers greenish-yellow. 2. C. florida. Flowers cymose, white, not involucrate. Leaves opposite. Leaves downy-pubescent beneath, at least when young. Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular. 3. C. circiiuita. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate. 4. C. Amomum. Leaves glabrate, or minutely pubescent beneath. Leaves ovate, short-pointed ; twigs purple. 5. C. stolonifera. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. 6. C. candidissima. Leaves alternate, clustered at the ends of the flowering branches. 7. C. alternifolia. 1. CORNUS Canadensis L. Dwarf Cornel, Bunch-berry. M. p. 689. Low woods. Early summer. Leftz^h— Salisbury (Kr.). Nortlmmpton— Pen Argyl (Li.). 2. CoRNUS FLORIDA L. Flowcring Dogwood. M. p. 690. Woods. Spring. 3. CoRNUS CIRCINATA L 'Her. M. p. 690. Shady, often rocky, situations. Spring. Philadelphia— Shawmont (Ba,.) . Bucfcs— Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware— Lansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Ws.). Lancaster— {P.). Berks— Mount Penn, Reading (Wn.). Northnmpton — Pen Argyl (.la.) (Li.), Wind Gap (Li.). Hunterdon— Bjram (C). 4. OORNUS Amomum Mill. Silky Cornel, Kinnikinnik. M. p. 690. Wet places. Early summer. 5. CoRNUS STOLONIFERA Michx. Eed-osier Dogwood. M. p. 690. Wet places. Early summer. PhiladelphiaShavimont (Sa.). Delaware— ^a^s. (Ja.), Darby, Laza- retto (Ws.). Lefti^^— Salisbury (Kr.). Northampton — (P.). GZowcesier— Mickleton, frequent (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Salem — Woodstown (Wa.). 6. CoRNUS CANDIDISSIMA Marsh. M. p. 690. Rich soil. Spring. PMadeipftio — Byberry, Mart. (B. C), Franklin Wood (Je.), West Philadelphia (Mac), Schuylkill above Philadelphia (Pr.). Bucks— Near Sellersville (Fr.), Rock Hill (Ja.), New Hope (Sts.), Haycock Mountain (Ws.). Montgomery— Snmnejto-wn (VP.). Delaware— 1 Gentiana villosa L. M. p. 733. Shaded places. Autumn. MENYANTHACEAE. 257 Bwcfcs— Buckingham Valley, C. A. Boice (B. C.)- Delmvare—Darbj Creek below Kellyville, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.), near Media (Pu.), Elwyn (U. C. S.)- Chester— W. Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster— (F.). Series- (V.). Cumberland— Bxidgeton (€.)• New Cos«e— Brandywine, Tatnall; Centerville, Greenbank, Commons; Townsend, Canby. 7. Gentiana Porphyrio J. F. Gmel. M. p. 734. Moist pine-barrena. Autumn. Burlington— " The Plains" (Br.) (St.), Atsion. Atlantic— 'Egg Har- bor, Mullica River (C), Hammonton (Je.), May's Landing (Li.), EI- wood(Te.). 4. BARTONIA Muhl. 1. Bartonia Virginica (L.) B. S. P. M. p. 735. Open woods. Late summer. 5. OBOLARIA L. 1. Obolaria Virginica L. P.ennywort. M. p. 735. Moist woods. Spring. Philadelphia — Limekiln Pike and County Line (Je.), Wissahickon (He.) (Me.). Bucks— Krgus, Rock Hill (Fr.), Tylersport (Ja.), Sole- bury Twp. (Ws.). Montgomery— Bvjn Mawr (Ha.) (Ke.), Wynnewood (Re.), Chelten Hills (Te.). Deiaware— Swarthmore, Dr. J. B. Brinton (Ke.) (St.), Radnor (Cr.), Wawa (Sa.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— FaUs of French Creek (Ja.), Devon, H. A. Lang (VP.), Westtown (Le.). Loncasier — York Furnace (Cr.). Berks— (V.). Lehigh — Near St. Luke 's Hospital (Kr.). Northampton— {F.). Camc^eri— Haddonfield (C). Gloucester— Swedeshoro (Li.). Salem- Salem (C). Me^'cer— Asylum, Princeton, Lawrenceville (C). Somerset Rocky Hill (C). Hunterdon— Bloomshurg, Lambertville, Roseniont (C). Neiv Castle — Brandywine, Faulkland, Iron Hill, Canby and Tatnall. Frequent. Family 4. MENYANTHACEAE G. Don. Buckbean Family. Leaves 3-foliolate; swamp plant. 1. Menyanthes. Leaves simple, entire, cordate, floating. 2. Limnarithemum. 1. MENYANTHES L. 1. Menyanthes trifoliata L. Buckbean. M. p. 736. Bogs. Early sum- ^ .. , mer. ^«c^s— Rock Hill (Cr.) (Fr.). Lancaster— Near Lancaster (Ca.). Gloucester— 'Re^awpo (Cr.). New Castle— Thom-pson's, Tatnall. Probably now extinct. 2. LIMNANTHEMUM S. G. Gmelin. L LiMNANTHEMUM LACUNOSUM (Vent.) Griseb. Floating Heart. M. p. 736. Shallow water. Summer. jBwcfcs— Bristol, Mart. (B. C.) (Te.). Burli7igton— Atsion (Fr.) (Te.), Quaker Bridge (Pr.) (Te.). Glouces- ter-Center Square (He.), Malaga (Ha.), near Swedesboro (Li.). Salem 258 FLORA OF PHILADELFHIA. —Woods Mills (Wa.). Cumberland— \inel3Lnd (Ee.). Atlantic— Hsun- monton (Cr.) (Je.), Egg Harbor, extinct (Wn.). Ocean — Point Pleasant (Wn.)- Monmouth — Spring Lake (Wn.). Mercer — Princeton Junction (C). Family 5. APOCYNACEAE Lindl. Dogbane Family. Leaves alternate ; erect herbs. 1. Amsonia. Leaves opposite; vines or herbs. Flowers large, axillary, solitary. 2. Viiica. Flowers small, cymose. Erect or diffuse herbs ; corolla campanulate to urceolate. 3. Apocynum. High-climbing vines; corolla funnelform. 4. Trachelospermum. 1. AMSONIA Walt. 1. Amsonia Amsonia (L.) Britton. M. p. 737. Cultivated; residue of nurseries. Spring. 2. VINCA L. 1. ViNCA MINOR L. Periwinkle. M. p. 738. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. 3. APOCYNUM L. Dogbane. Corolla 5-9 mm. long, its lobes spreading or recurved. 1. A. androsaemifolium. Corolla 3-4.5 mm. long, its lobes erect or nearly so. Leaves and cymes glabrous, or somewhat pubescent. Leaves petioled, mostly narrowed at the base. Leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 2-4 times as long as wide; flowers green to whitish. 2. A. cannabinumn. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 times as long as wide; flowers white. 3. A. album. Leaves sessile or very nearly so, mostly cordate-clasping or obtuse at the base. 4. A. hypericifolium. Whole plant, including the cymes, densely soft-pubescent. 5. A. pubescens. 1. Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Honey Bloom. M. p. 738. Borders of thickets and fields. Early summer. 2. Apocynum cannabinum L. Indian Hemp. M. p. 739. Fields and thickets. Summer. 3. Apocynum album Greene. M. p. 739. On river-shores and similar situations. Summer. BucTcs—{T.). Lancaster— {V.). Northampton— {P.). 4. Apocynum hypericifolium Ait. M. p. 739. Dry soil or along streams. Summer. /Saiem— Banks of Delaware (C). New Cast ?e— Hamburg Cove, Edgemoor. 5. Apocynum pubescens E. Br. M. p. 739. New Jersey— Common throughout the state (C). New Castle — Similar situations as A. cannabinum, Jessups. Not rare. 4. TEACHELOSPEEMUM Lemaire. 1. Tbachelospermum difforme (Walt.) A. Gray. M. p. 739. Damp grounds. Summer. ASCLEFIABACEAE. 259 Philadelphia— Gibson's Point (Mac). Z>eiaware— Lansdovvue on the railroad (Pe.)- New Castle — Cedar Swamp, Townsend, Commons. Family 6. ASCLEPIADACEAE Lindl. Milkweed Family. Erect or decumbent herbs. Corona-hoods each with an incurved horn within; leaves mostly oppo- site. 1. Asclepias. Corona-hoods unappendaged or with a thickened, crest-like keel; leaves opposite or alternate. 2. Acerates. Twining vines. Anthers tipped with a scarious membrane ; pollen-masses pendulous. 3. Cynanchum. Anthers merely tipped; pollen-masses horizontal. 4. Fineetoxicitta. 1. ASCLEPIAS L. Milkweed. Corolla and corona orange; leaves alternate or opposite. Stem erect or ascending; leaves nearly all alternate. 1. A. tuberosa. Stem reclining; leaves, at least the upper, opposite, oblong or oval. 2. A. deemnhens. OoroUa bright red or purple ; leaves opposite. Flowers 2-4 mm. broad; corona-hoods 4-6 mm. high. Leaves lanceolate or linear; hoods oblong, obtuse. 3. A. lauceolata. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate; hoods lanceolate. 4. A. rubra. Leaves oblong, ovate or ovate-oblong; hoods oblong, acutish. 5. A. purpurascenA. Flowers 4-6 mm. broad; corona-hoods 2-3 mm. high. Plant nearly or quite glabrous; leaves lanceolate or oblong-laneeo- late. 6. A. incarnata. Plant pubescent; leaves oblong. 7. A. pulchra. OoroUa greenish, purplish, yellowish or white ; leaves opposite or verticillate. Leaves ovate, oblong, ovate-lanceolate, obovate or orbicular. Plants glabrous throughout, or minutely pubescent above. Leaves sessile, clasping, or very short-petioled. 8. A. amplexicavli*. Leaves manifestly petioled. Corolla greenish; umbels loose; pedicels drooping. 9. A. exaltata. Corolla white; umbels dense. 10. A. variegata. Corolla pink; some of the leaves verticillate in 4's. 11. A. quadrifolia. Plants, at least the lower surfaces of the leaves, eaneseent or tomen- tose. 12. A. Syriaca. Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or linear. 13. A. verticillata. 1. Asclepias tuberosa L. Butterfly-weed, Pleurisy-root. M. p. 741. Dry- fields. Summer. Philadelphia — Byherry, Mart. (B. C), below Gray's Ferry Station, West Fairmount Park (Mac). ifwcfcs— Sellersville (Fr.), Buckingham (Ws.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.), Bryn Mawr (tri.), Spring Mill (Ha.). Delaware— GoUingdale, H. C. Barker (B. C). Williamson (Ke.), Swarthmore (Pn), near Media (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), C7ie«* (Pe.), near Clifton (B. Sm.). Chester— {P.). Lawcaste?-— Smithville (Ca.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle — Thompson's, Moore's, etc. 5. ASCLEPIAS PURPURASCENS L. Purple Milkweed. M. p. 742. Dry ground. Summer. 6. ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA L. Swamp Milkioeed. M. p. 742. Swamps. Summer. 7. ASCLEPIAS PULCHRA Ehrh. M. p. 742. Moist fields and swamps. Sum- mer. 8. ASCLEPIAS AMPLEXiCAtTLis J. E. Smith. M. p. 742. Sandy woods and fields. Summer. Philadelphia— Wmsahickon (Je.). BmcA-s— Tullytown (Cr.). Delaware — Tinicum, Swarthmore (Pr.). Chester— W. Bradford Twp. (St.). Lan- caster—(P.). New Jersey — General. •"• New Castle — Scarce. 9. ASCLEPIAS EXALTATA (L.) Muhl. Pokc Milkweed. M. p. 743. Moist copses. Summer. ■''*' Philadelphia— y^isaahickon and Fairmount Park, Wister (Ee.). Bucks —Near Sellersville (Fr.), Bycot (Ja.) (U. C. S.), New Hope (Sts.), Kintnersville (VP.). Montgomery — Green Lane (Br.), Shannonville (Cr.), Walnut Hill (Ja.). Delaware— Dzxhj, Crum and Ridley Creeks (Fu.), Lansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord (W. Tr.), Walling- ford (Wn.). Chester— YJ. Bradford Twp. (St.), Paoli (Te.). Lancaster — York Furnace (St.). ^erfcs— Hamburg, Reading (Wn.). Lehigh— Low Hill (Kr.). Northampton— Pen Argyl (Li.). Dauphin— ^iee\tou (Wn.). Burlington— Mooreaioy^TO. (C). Atlantic— ^gg Harbor (Le.). New Castle— General but not common. 10. ASCLEPIAS VARIEGATA L. M. p. 743. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia — Germantoyvn (Br.). l^wci's — Buckingham, Solebury (I (Ws.). MoJif^'omery— Willow Grove (VP.). Delaware— {P.). Chester .;. — (P.). Lancaster— {P.). Northampton— (P.). Burlington— Purlington, Medford (Br.), Moorestown, Birmingham (C). Camden — Camden (C). Gloucester — Mickleton (C). Cumberland — ASCLEPIADACEAE. 261; Vineland (C.)- Atlaiitic — B.a,mmonton (C.)- Monmouth — Smithviile (O- Mercer— Princeton (C.)- Middlesex— South Amboy (C.)- Som- erset—Peapack (C.)- 11. AscLEPiAS QUADRIFOLIA Jacq. M. p. 743. Dry woods and hills. Early summer. 12. AscLEPiAS Syriaca L. Common Milkweed. M. p. 743. Fields and waste places. Summer. 13. ASCLEPIAS VERTiciLLATA L. M. p. 744. Dry fields and hills. Summer. P/iitodelp Ma— "Wissahickon (Me.). Bwcfcs— Nockamixon (Fr.). Dela- ware—BarTens of Middletown, Williamson (Cr.), Tinicum Twp. (Fr.), Media (Pr.), Elwyn (U. C. S.), Glen Riddle (St.), Castle Rock (VP.), Cheyney (Ws.). C/iester — Westtown (Ha.) (Le.), near West Chester (Sa.). Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh— XJuionYiile (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). •' Burlington— Medford (Br.), Birmingham (C), Oliphant 's Mills (Wa.). Comde?i — Berlin (Br.), Kaighn's Point (C). GioMcester — Glassboro, Clarksboro (C), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cumberland— Millville (Je.), Bridgeton (C). Cape Mat/— Tuckahoe (St.). Monmouth — Holmdel, Red Bank, Leedsville, Freehold (C). New Casfie- Serpentine Barrens, Brown's, Dixon's, Commons. 2. ACERATES Ell. 1. AcERATES VIRIDIFLORA (Raf.) Eaton. Green Milkweed. M. p. 746. Dry soil. Summer. Philadelphia— East of George's Hill Reservoir (Mac). ^Mcfcs- Sel-' lersviUe (Fr.). Mo/if^omer^/- ShannonvUle (Cr.), Sumneytown (VP.). DeZo«;are— Swarthmore, Williamson, Media, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Glen Riddle (Le.) (St.), Crum Creek, Bethel (Sch.), Concord (W. Tr.). Ches- ter—(P.). Lancaster— (P.). Berks— Monocacj (Me.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Hunterdon— BarheTto-wn, Kingwood, High Bridge, Holland (C), Lam- bertville (Ws.). MonmoMt/i- Black's Mills (C). Mercer -Pennington (C). Middiesea;- Franklin Park (C). ,Somersef— Pleasant Plains (C). New Castle — Newark, Kilvington, Mill Creek, Michener, Centerville, Oakhill, Stanton, Commons; McKee 's. Iron Hill. lo. ACERATES VIRIDIFLORA IvESii Britton. M. p. 746. Range of type. Summer. Philadelphia— East of George 's Hill Reservoir (Mac). BucksSeUera- ville (Fr.). 3. CYNANCHUM L. 1. Cynanchum nigrum (L.) Pers. Black Swallowwort. M. p. 747. Es- caped from gardens. Summer. Philadelphia — Bartram 's Garden, Woodlands Cemetery (Te.), below Gray's Ferry (Wn.). Delaware— Media (Gi.), Darby Creek and Bryn Mawr Avenue (Le.), escaped from Painters' Arboretum (S. Tr.), Middle- town (W. Tr.). 262 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 4. VINCETOXICUM Walt. 1. ViNCETOXicuM OBLIQUUM (Jacq.) Britton. M. p. 748. Thickets. Sum- mer. Philadelphia— FaiTmovmt Park, Manayunk, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.), Belmont (Te.), mouth of Wissahickon, not seen recently (Wn.). Mont- ^omerj/— Lafayette, Ivy Eock (Wn.). Delaware— {V.). Chester— Green- tree (Te.), Valley Forge (VP.). Lancaster— (P.). Periploca Graeca L. Cultivated. Philadelphia— Byherr J, Mart. (B.C.). Delaivare— Painters' Arboretum (Fu.). Orders. POLEMONIALES. CJorolla regular (irregular in Echium of Boraginaceae). Ovary not 4-lobed, the carpels not separating as distinct nutlets at maturity. Ovary 2-celled, rarely 3-4-celled; style 1, entire, 2-cleft or 2-parted; mostly twining vines. Leaves normal. Fam. 1. Convolvulaceae. White or yellowish parasitic vines, the leaves reduced to minute scales. Fam. 2. Cuscutaceae, Ovary 3-celled; stigmas 3, linear; herbs, not twining. Fam. 3. Polemoniaceae. Ovary 1-celled; style 1-2-lobed or parted; herbs, not twining. Fam. 4. Hydrophyllaceae; Ovary deeply 4-lobed around the style, or not lobed (Heliotropium) ; carpels separating as nutlets. Fam. 5. Boraginaceae. Corolla irregular, more or less 2-lipped (regular in Solanaceae, Mentha and Lycopus, and nearly or quite so in Verbena). Carpels 1-2-seeded. Ovary not lobed, 2-4-celled, the style apical; carpels separating into 1-seeded nutlets. Fam. 6. Verbenaceae. Ovary 4-lobed around the style, the lobes ripening into 1-seeded nutlets. Fam. 7. Labiatae. Carpels several-many-seeded (2-seeded in some Acanthaceae). Fruit a berry, or more commonly a capsule, which, is 1-2-celled, 2- valved, circumscissile, or irregularly bursting, not elaatically dehiscent. Placentae axile. Ovary 2-celled, or rarely 3-5-celled. Flowers regular; fertile stamens 5 (4 in Petunia); fruit a berry or capsule. Fam. 8. Solanaceae. Flowers more or less irregular ; fertile stamens 2 or 4 (5 in Verbascum) ; fruit a capsule. Fam. 9. Scrophulariaoeae. Ovary 1-celled; marsh or aquatic herbs with flowers on scapes. Fam. 10. Lentibulariaceae. Placentae parietal. Herbs, parasitic on the roots of other plants, the leaves reduced to scales, not green; ovary 1-celled. Fam. 11. Orobanchaceae. Trees, vines, shrubs, or herbs, the foliage normal. Trees, shrubs, or woody vines; capsule 2-eelled; seeds winged. Fam. 12. Bignoniaceae. Opposite-leaved herbs; capsule 1-celled; seeds wing- less. Fam. 13. Martyniaceae. CONVOLVULACEAE. 263 Capsule completely 2-celled, elastically loculicidally dehiscent ; oppo- site-leaved herbs ; placentae axile. Fam. 14. Acanthaceae. Ovary and fruit 1-celled with 1 erect orthotropous ovule and seed; herb with spicate flowers and reflexed fruits. Fam. 1.5. Fhrymaceoe. Family 1. CONVOLVULACEAE A'eut. Morning-glory Family. Style 2-cleft or 2-parted. 1. Breweria. Style entire up to the stigma. Stigma or stigmas capitate or globose. CoroUa salverform; stamens and style exserted. U. Quaiiioclit. Corolla funnelform or campanulate; stamens and style included. 3. Ipomoea. Stigmas 2, filiform to oblong. 4. Convolvulus. 1. BREWERIA R. Br. 1. Breweria Pickeringii (M. A. Curtis) A. Gray. M. p. 750. Dry pine- barrens. Summer. Burlm gt on— Atsion, Quaker Bridge (C). Atlantic— Along Little Egg Harbor River (C), Pleasant Mills on the MuUica River, Dr. J. B. Brin- ton (He.). 2. QUAMOCLIT Moench. 1. QuAMOCLiT cocciN'EA (L.) Moench. Stnall Red Morning Glory. M. p. 751. Waste and cultivated ground. Escaped. Summer and fall. 3. IPOMOEA L. Morning Glory. Ovary 2-celled (rarely 4-celled) ; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Perennial from an enormous root ; corolla 5-8 cm. long. 1. I. pandurata. Annual; roots fibrous; corolla 8-20 mm. long, white. 2. /. lacunosa. Ovary 3-celled ; stigmas 3 ; leaves cordate ; annuals. Leaves entire; corolla 5-7 cm. long. 3. 7. purpurea. Leaves deeply 3-lobed, corolla 2.5-4 cm. long. 4. I. hederacea. 1. Ipomoea pandurata (L.) Meyer. Wild Potato-vine, Man-of-the-Earth. M. p. 752. Dry ground. Summer. 2. Ipomoea lacunosa L. M. p. 752. Moist soil. Summer. Lancaster — York Furnace. Camden — Petty's Island, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Gloucester — Westville, one plant (Wn.). Monmouth — Cliffwood (C). 3. Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth. Common Morning Glory. M. p. 752. Waste places. Escaped. Summer. 4. Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. M. p. 752. Fields and waste places. Sum- mer. Ipomoea sagittata Gray. Ballast. Philadelphia— Below Old Navy Yard, Mart. (B. C). 4. CONVOLVULUS L. Calyx with 2 large bracts at the base, which enclose it. Stems trailing or climbing. 1. C. sepium. Stem erect or ascending; flowers white; bracts not cordate. 2. C. spithamaeus. Calyx not bracted; peduncle bracted at the summit. 3. C. arve'nsis. 264 FLOE A OF FHILADELFHIA. 1. Convolvulus sepium L. Hedge Bindweed. M. p. 753. Moist fields and thickets. Summer. 2. Convolvulus spithamaeus L. Upright Bindweed. M. p. 753. Dry, sandy or rocky soil. Summer. Fhiladelphia—ByheTYj, Mart. (B. C), Germantown (St.). Buchs— Rock Hill (Cr.), Pipersville, Sellersville, Pineville (Ws.), Glenlake (Ke.). Z^eZmrare— Near Haverford (Mac), Lansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Middletown (B. Sm.), Concord (W, Tr.). Chester— (F.). Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh— 'East of Allentown (Kr.). Northampton— {V.). ^oZe?n— Riddleton (Li.) (Mac.) (Wn.). Cumberland— ^fineism^ (C). (Somersei— Peapack, Rocky Hill (C). Hunterdon— 'Rosemont, Lambert- ville (C). New Cas*i!e— General and frequent. 3. Convolvulus arvensis L. Small Bindweed. M. p. 753. Fields and waste places. Summer. Family 2. OUSCUTACEAE Dumort. Dodder Family. 1. CUSCUTA L. Dodder. Corolla-scales crenulate; stigmas slender; capsule circumscissile. 1. C. Epilinum. Corolla-scales fringed ; stigmas capitate ; capsule indehiscent. Sepals united below into a gamosepalous calyx. Flowers very nearly sessile; corolla persistent at the base of the capsule. Corolla-scales ovate, fringed all around; calyx-lobes obtuse. 2. C. arvensis. Corolla-scales abortive, or of a few processes ; calyx-lobes acut- ish. 3. C. Folygonorum. Flowers distinctly pedicelled; corolla enclosing or capping the cap- sule, or at length deciduous. Scales small, irregularly fringed; capsule depressed-globose. 4. C. Cephalanthi, Scales long, fringed mainly above; capsule pointed. 5. C. Gronovii. Sepals separate, subtended by similar bracts. 6. C. compacta. 1. CuscuTA Epilinum Weihe. M. p. 754. Flax fields. Summer. JBwfcs — Plumsteadville (Fr.). Chester— (F.). Lancaster— (P.). New Casiie— Centerville, Commons. 2. CuscuTA ARVENSIS Beyrich. M. p. 755. Rather dry soil on various low plants. Summer. Fhiladelphia — Fairmount Park (Wn.). Bitcfcs — Sellersville (Fr.), Kintnersville (P.). Lancaster— (F.). Gloucester— SwedeshoTo (Li.), Cape Moi/— Cape May, Mart. (B. C). Atlantic — B.ammonton (C), Egg Harbor (Le.). Monmouth — Shav^i. River (C). Mercer— Trenton (C). Hunterdo7i—l^osemont (C). New Castle— On Aster, Trifolium, etc. Becoming common. 3. CuscuTA PoLYGONORUM Engelm. M. p. 755. Wet places, often on Poly- gonum. Summer. Loncaster— Safe Harbor (Ca.). Dauphin— (F.). New Castle— CheTTj Island, Hamburg Cove. POLEMONIACEAE. 265 4. CuscuTA Cephalanthi Engelm. M. p. 755. On shrubs and tall herbs. Summer. La7icaster— Shock's Mills (Ca.), York Furnace (Cr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin— HarTishurg, Forter (B. C). Burlington — Quaker Bridge (C). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.). Ocean— Toms River (C). 5. CuscuTA Gronovii Willd. M. p. 755. On herbs and low shrubs. Sum- mer. 6. CuscuTA COMPACTA Juss. M. p. 756. Damp woods on shrubs. Summer. Bucks — Nockamixon (P.). Delaware — Tinicum (P.). Burlington — Pemberton (Te.). Camden — Camden, Mart. (B. C), Laurel Springs (Gi.), Ancora (Te.). Gloucester — Swedeshoro (Li.), Westville (Wn.). *Soiem — Woodstown, common (Wa.). Atlantic— Nevf Germany (Fr.), Hammonton (Pr.), May's Landing (Te.). Middlesex — Metuchen (C). Neiv Castle— On Benzoin and Cephalanthus. Family 3. POLEMONIACEAE DC. Phlox Family. Calyx distended and at length ruptured by the ripening capsule. Leaves opposite, entire. 1. Phlox. Leaves alternate, pinnately divided. 2. Gilia. Calyx not distended nor ruptured by the capsule ; leaves alternate. 3. Polemonium. 1. PHLOX L. Leaves flat, ovate, oblong, lanceolate or linear. Cymes panicled ; flowers short-pedicelled or sessile. Calyx-teeth subulate. 1. P. paniculata. Calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute; leaves lanceolate to ovate, acuminate. 2. P. maculata. Cymes corymbose, simple, or flowers scattered. Stems erect or ascending; no prostrate, sterile shoots. 3. P. pilosa. Stems ascending or reclining; sterile shoots prostrate. 4. P. divaricata. Leaves subulate, fascicled or crowded; plants low. 5. P. subulata. 1. Phlox paniculata L. Garden Phlox. M. p. 757. Woods and thickets; escaped. Summer. Philadelphia— Wisaahickon (Je.), Bartram 's Garden (Te.). Bucks— Plumsteadville (Fr.). Montgomery— Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware— Lansdowne (Pe.). Lancaster— York Furnace (Ja.) (Ke.) (Li.). North- ampton—(P.). Dauphin— (P.). New Jersey — Frequent. 2. Phlox maculata L. Wild Sweet-William. M. p. 757. Rich woodlands and along streams. Summer. 3. Phlox pilosa L. M. p. 758. Dry or sandy woods. Spring. BiicAs — Nockamixon, Hilltown (Fr.). Montgomery — Sumneyto-wn (VP.). Delaware — Williamson (Cr.) (Pr.), Upper Providence (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Chrome Run, Middletown (B. Sm.), Glen Riddle (Sts.), Edg- mont(W. Tr.). C/iester— Westtown (Ha.). Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh— (Kr.). Northam,pton—(P.). 266 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Burlington — Burlington, Moorestown (C). Gloucester — Woodbury (C). Mercer — Princeton (C). Middlesex — New Brunswick (C). Hun- terdon— Lambertville, Eosemont, Hopewell (C). Neui Castle — General but rare. 4. Phlox divaricata L. Wild Blue Phlox. M. p. 758. Rocky, damp woods. Spring. Chester — (P.). Z/a?u'asfer— York Furnace. Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). 5. Philox subulata L. Ground or Moss Pi7ik. M. p. 759. Dry or rocky soil. Spring. Bucks — Bedminster (Fr.), Narrowsville (Ja.) (Mac), Neshaminy, Doylestown (VP.), Lahaska (Ws.). Mow/<;o/ner;^— Shannonville (Cr.), Areola (Mar.). Delatvar e—MiM\etown (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Media (Gi.), Elwyn (Pe.), Wawa (Sa.), Ridley Creek above Media, Chrome Run (B. Sm.), Pink Hill near Lima (Wn.). Chester— Phanixviile, Mart. (B. C), Birmingham (Le.) (W. Tr.), West Chester (Pr.). Lancaster — (P.). Le/ii^/i— Low Hill (Kr.). Berfcs— Reading (Me.). Northampton— {P.). Burlington — Vincentown, Evansville, Birmingham, Moorestown (C), Cinnaminson (Sts.). Camden — Near Merchantville (Ha.), Blackwood (Je.) (Re.), East Camden (Te.). Giottcesier— Mickleton (He.), Alnion- esson (Je.), Swedesboro (Li.). Hunterdon — Milford, Rosemont (C), Lambertville (Ws.). Monmouth — Red Bank (C). Mercer — Trenton (C). Middlesex— 'New Brunswick (C). 2. GILIA R. & P. 1. GiLiA RUBRA (L.) Heller. M. p. 760. Cultivated and escaped. Cumberland — Manumuskin. 3. POLEMONIUM L. 1. PoLEMONiUM REPTANS L. Greek Valerian. M. p. 761. Woods. Spring. Pennsylvania — General. Camden — Between Camden and Haddonfield (C). Mercer— Bordeu- town (C). Family 4. HYDROPHYLLACEAE Lindl. Water-leaf Family. Corolla-lobes convolute in the bud; placentae dilated. Stamens exserted. 1. Hydruphyllum. Stamens not exserted. 2. Macrocalyx. Corolla-lobes imbricated in the bud; placentae narrow. 3. Phacelia. 1. HYDROPHYLLUM L. Water-leap. Leaves, at least the lower, pinnatifid or pinnately divided. Calyx not appendaged in the sinuses or scarcely so. 1. H. Virginicum. Calyx with a reflexed appendage in each sinus. 2. H. appendiculatum. Leaves palmately 5-9-lobed. 3. H. Canadense. i. Hydrophyllum Virginicum L. M. p. 763. Woods. Summer. 2. Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. M. p. 763. Woods. Summer. Lancaster — (P.). BOBAGINACBAE. 267 3. Hydrophyllum Canadense L. M. p. 763. Woods. Summer. ^Mcts— Nockamixon. Za?( caster— Peach Bottom (Ca.), York Furnace (Cr.) (Le.), island in Susquehanna below Columbia (Pr.). 2. MACROCALYX Trew. 1. Macrocalyx Nyctelea (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 764. Moist soil. Spring. Philadelphia — Girard Point (Ja.). Bucks — Opposite Trenton (P.). Lancaster— Safe Harbor, York Furnace (Pr.). 3. PHACELIA Juss. Corolla with entire or merely crenulate lobes. 1. P. dubia. Corolla with fimbriate lobes. 2. P. Purshii. 1. Phacelia dubia (L.) Small. M. p. 765. Shaded banks. Spring. Bucks — Near Telford (Fr.). Lancaster — York Furnace, Columbia, Porter (B. C). ■2. Phacelia Purshii Buckl. M. p. 765. Moist woods or thickets. Spring. Montgomery— Walnut Hill (VP.). Lancaster— {¥.). Family 5. BORAGINACEAE Lindl. Borage Family. • Ovary entire or 2-4-grooved; style terminal. 1. Heliotropium. Ovary 4-divided or deeply 4-lobed, the style arising from the center. Flowers regular. Nutlets arm»d with barbed prickles. Nutlets spreading or divergent, covered by the prickles. 2. Cynoglossum. Nutlets erect or incurved, the prickles on their backs or mar- gins. 3. Lappula. Nutlets unarmed. Nutlets attached laterally to the receptacle, sometimes just above their bases. Fruiting calyx not greatly enlarged nor membranous. 4. Mertensia. Fruiting calyx much enlarged, membranous, veiny. 5. Asperugo. Nutlets attached to the receptacle by their very bases. Scar of the attachment small, flat. Corolla salverform or funnelform, its lobes rounded or spreading. Racemes not bracted; corolla-tube short. 6. Myosotis. Racemes bracted; corolla-tube cylindrie, usually slender. 7. Lithospermum. Corolla tubular, its lobes erect, acute. 8. Onosmodium. Scar of attachment large, concave. 9. Symphytum. Flowers irregular. Stamens included, throat of the corolla closed by scales. 10. Lycopsis,,, Stamens exserted; throat of the corolla dilated, open. ,,. 11. Echium.' 1. HELIOTROPIUM L. Heliotrope. •Fruit 4-lobed, each lobe separating as a 1-seeded nutlet. Plant rough-i)uberulent ; leaves oval. 1. H. Europaeum. Glabrous, fleshy; leaves linear or spatulate. 2. H. Curassavicum. Fruit 2-lobed or of 2 carpels. 3. H. Jndicum. 268 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 1. Heliotropium Europaeum L. M. p. 767. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— Greenvnah. Point (Te.). Camden — Kaighn's Point. 2. Heliotropium Curassavicum L. M. p. 767. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia — Philadelphia ( P. ) . Bucks — ( P. ) . Camden — Kaighn's Point. 3. Heliotropium Indicum L. M. p. 768. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— PhiladelTphia. (P.). Buds— (P.). 2. CYNOGLOSSUM L. Stem leafy to the top; flowers reddish, purple or white; nutlets flat. 1. C. officinale. Stem leafless above; flowers blue; nutlets convex. 2. C. Virgiiiicum. 1. Cynoglossum officinale L. Hound' s-tongue. M. p. 768. Waste grounds and pastures. Summer. Bucks— Bjook Hill (Fr.), Quakertown (Ke.), New Hope (Ws.). Mont- gomery ShannonviUe (Cr.). Delaware — Upper Providence, Edgemont (Fu.), Wawa (Ja.), near Media (B. Sm.), Chad's Ford (Te.), Concord (W. Tr,). Chester— Yalley Forge (Je.). Lancaster— York Furnace (Ja.) (Mac). Berks— namhuTg (He.) (Ke.), Wernersville (Li.) (Te.), Reading (Wn.). Northampton — Pen Argyl (U. C. S.). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). Camde?!— Camden (C). Gloucester— 'bILicM&ion (C). Monmouth — Freehold (C). Mercer— Trenton (C), Princeton (Te.). Somerset — Peapack (C). New Castle — St. George's. Rare. 2. Cynoglossum Virginicum L. Wild Comfrey. M. p. 768. Open woods. Spring. 3. LAPPULA Moench. Stickseed. Racemes bracted; fruiting pedicels not deflexed. 1. L. Lappula. Racemes bracted only at the base ; fruiting pedicels deflexed. 2. L. Virginiana. 1. Lappula Lappula (L.) Karst. M. p. 769. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — Girard Point (Ja.), Greenwich Point (Te.). Camden — Kaighn's Point (Te.). Monmouth— FTeeholi (C). Mercer —Trenton (C). New Castle — Ashland, Mrs. H. Phillips. 2. Lappula Virginiana (L.) Greene. M. p. 769. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia — BjheTT J, Mart. (B. C). Bucks — Bock Hill (Fr.), Neshaminy (Mac), Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Delaware — Lansdowne (Pe.), Wawa (Sa.), Wallingford (Wn.). Chester— Westtown (Le.). Lancaster (P.). BerA's— Wernersville (Te.), Reading (Wn.). Lehigh— liovrer Mil- ford at Buckhorn (Kr.). Northampto7i—'Easton, Porter (B. C). Dau- phi7i— Steelton (Wn.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Monmouth — Freehold (C). New Castle — Frequent. BOEAGINACEAE. 269 4. MEETENSIA Both. 1. Mertensia Virginica (L.) DC. Virginian Cowslip, Lungwort, Blue- hells. M. p. 771. Alluvial banks. Spring. Fhiladelphia — Wissahickon, West Park near Falls Bridge (Mae.), Shawmont (Sa.). Bucks — Yardley (Fr.), shores of Neshaminy (Ws.). Montgomery — Conshohocken, E. Diffeiibaugh (B. C), Shannonville (Cr.), Ivy Rock (Ke.), Sunmeytown (VP.), Flat Rock Tunnel (Te.). Delaware — Chester Creek at Presbyterian Ford (Fu.), Button's Mills (Fu.) (S. Tr.), Wawa, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.), Lansdowne (Pe.), Chad's Ford (Pr.) (Te.), Chester (W. Tr.). Chester — Valley Forge (Mac), West Chester (Sa.). Lancaster— Susquehanna Valley (Le.). Northampton — (P.). Burlington — Bordentown, Lumberton (C). Monmouth — Walnford (C). Somerset — Raritan River, New Germantown (C). Hunterdon — Lambertville (C). New Castle — Granogue, Mount Cuba, Wooddale. 5. ASPERUGO L. 1. AsPERUGO PROCUMBENS L. M. p. 772. Waste ground and ballast. Sum- mer. Philadelphia — (P.) . Camden — Camden, railroad yard (Li.). 6. MYOSOTIS L. Forget-me-not. Hairs of the calyx all straight ; perennial swamp or brook plants. Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube; corolla 6-8 mm. broad. 1. M. palustris. Calyx-lobes as long as the tube ; corolla 4-6 mm. broad. 2. M. laxa. Hairs of the calyx, or some of them, with hooked tips ; annuals or biennials. Fruiting pedicels longer than the calyx. 3. M. arvensis. Fruiting pedicels not longer than the calyx. Calyx-lobes equal; corolla yellow, changing to violet or blue. 4. M. versicolor. Calyx-lobes unequal ; corolla white. 5. M. Virginica. 1. Myosotis PALUSTRIS (L.) Lam. M. p. 772. Wet grounds; escaped. Summer. Philadelphia — Thomas' Wood (Je.), near Bartram 's Garden (Mac). Bmc^s— Tullytown (Ja.). Montgomery— Walnut Hill (VP.). Delaware — Haverford (Le.), Lansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.) (Ws.), Concord (W. Tr.). Lehigh— Deily 's, common (Kr.). Gloueester—Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Salem— Woodstowa (Wa.). New Castle— Frequent. 2. Myosotis laxa Lehm. M. p. 772. Wet places. Early summer. 3. Myosotis arvensis (L.) Lam. M. p. 772. Fields. Summer. Philadelphia— GTeenwich Faint (Te.). Lancaster— (P.). Northamp- ton— Easton, Porter (B. C). Atlantic— Maj 'a Landing (C). 270 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 4. Myosotis versicolor (Pers.) Reichenb. M. p. 773. Fields and road- sides. Summer. Delaware— Darby near Cobb's Creek, A. H. Smith (B. Sm.), Tinicum New Castle— Fields between Holly Oak and Edgemoor, Canby. 5. Myosotis Virginica (L.) B. S. P. M. p. 773. Dry ground. Summer, . 7. LITHOSPERMUM L. Cromwell. Corolla white or yellowish, its tube shorter than, or equalling, the calyx; flowers distant. Nutlets brown, wrinkled or pitted; annual or biennial. 1. L. arvense. Nutlets white, smooth and shining; perennials. 2. L. latifolium. Corolla bright yellow, its tube much longer than the calyx; flowers dense. 3. L. canescens. 1. LiTHOSPERMUM ARVENSE L. Com Gromwell. M. p. 773. Fields and waste places. Spring. 2. LiTHOSPERMUM LATIFOLIUM Michx. M. p. 774. In dry thickets and fields. Spring. Lancaster— {V.). Berks— (P.). 3. LiTHOSPERMUM CANESCENS (Michx.) Lehm. M. p. 774. Dry soil. Spring, Chester — (P.). * Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — (P.). 8. ONOSMODIUM Michx. 1. Onosmodium Virginianum (L.) DC. False Gromwell. M. p. 775. Banks and hillsides. Summer. Bucks — Near Point Pleasant (Fr,). Delaware — Sandy Bank, Upper Providence, John Cassin (Fu.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). ''Burlinff ton— Birmingham (C), Rancocas Creek, 1 mile above mouth, Mart. (B. C). Camden — Clementon (Cr.) (Wn.). Gloucester — lona , (C), near Woodbury (He.) (Li.), one specimen at Westville (Wn,). Atlantic— Hammonton (Cr.). Monmouth— Brown's Point, Keyport (C). Middlesex — Ghesquakes Creek (C). Hunterdon — "Raven Rock, Bull's Island, Lambertville (C). New Castle— Brandywine Hills, etc. 9. SYMPHYTUM L. 1. Symphytum officinale L. Comfrey. M, p. 775. Waste places. Sum- mer. Philadelphia — Byherr J, Mart. (B. C). jBwcfcs — Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— Br jn Mawr (Gi.). Delaware— ^awa, Concord (W. Tr.), Lancaster — (P.). Lehigh — Coplay (Kr.). Northampton — (P.). Paw- pTiin— Harrisburg (Wn.). New Jersey — Frequent. New Castle— Cireenhank, Commons. 10. LYCOPSIS L. BuGLOSS. 1. Lycopsis arvensis L. M. p. 776. Fields and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — Greenwich Point (Te.), Camden— Kaighn's Point (Ja.) (Wn,). VliBBENACEAJu 271 11. BCHIUM L. 1. EcHiUM VULGARE L. Vipev's Bugloss, Blue-weed. M. p. 77t>. Fields and waste places. Early summer. Family 6. VERBENACEAE J. St. Hil. Vervain Family. Corolla-limb 5-lobed, regular or nearly so; nutlets 4. 1. Verbena. Oorolla-limb 4-lobed, 2-lipped; nutlets 2. 2. Lippia. 1. VERBENA L. Vervain. Spikes filiform or slender; bracts shorter than the flowers. Spikes filiform; fruit scattered; corolla usually white. Leaves incised or pinnatifid; diffuse annual; fruit short. 1. V. offlcinalis. Leaves serrate (rarely incised); erect perennial; fruit oblong. 2. V. urtici folia. Spikes slender; fruits densely imbricated; corolla blue. Plants glabrous or sparingly rough-pubescent ; corolla 8-10 mm. long. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, petioled. 3. V. hastata. Leaves linear to spatulate-lanceolate, mostly obtuse and sessile. 4. V. angustifolia. Plants densely soft-pubescent ; corolla 8-10 mm. long. 5. V. strict a. Spikes thick, dense ; bracts longer than the flowers. 6. V. bracteosa. 1. Verbena officinalis L. Vervain. M. p. 777. Waste and cultivated ground. Summer. Philadelphiii— 'Navy Yard, Mart. (B. C), Germautown (Me.), Green- wich Point (Te.). MontgomeryShanno-aviU.e (Cr.). Lancaster— York Furnace (Mac.), Peach Bottom (Pr.). Dauphin— (P.). Camden— Kaighn's Point. jSaZem— Woodstown (Wa.). Atlantic- Pleasant Mills, E. A. Rau (B. C), May's Landing (Ift.) (Wn.). Mercer — Roadsides, frequent (C). Nev} Castle— Streets of Wilmington. Scarce. 2. Verbena urticifolia L. M. p. 777. Fields and waste places. Svunmer. 3. Verbena hastata L. Blue Vervain. M. p. 778. Waste grounds and meadows. Summer. 4. Verbena angustifolia Michx. M. p. 778. Dry or sandy ground. Sum- mer. BucTcs— Three-mile Run (Fr.), Pineville, Wrightstown (Ws.). Mont- gomery — Whitemarsh (Me.). Delawa7-e — Near Media (Fu.), Marple (Mac), Lansdowne (Pe.). Chester— Westtown (Le.). Lancaster— York Furnace (Cr.) (Mac), Fites ' Eddy (W. Tr.). Northampton— (P.). Dauphin— Paxtang (Mar.), Steelton (Wn.). Burlington— New Lisbon (Te.). Camde?i— Gloucester, Sicklerville, Dr. J. B. Brinton (B. C), Winslow Junction (Ke.). Gloucester— Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). ^tZa?ittc— Hammonton (Cr.), Abse- con (Wn.). Somerset — Peapack (C). Kunterdon — Sergeantville Rose- mont (C). Neio Casai*p Tiin—Steelton (Wn.). CaTnden— Gloucester (Wn.). Monmouth— Freehold (C). Mercer — Trenton, Princeton (C). New Castle— Ued Clay Creek, etc. Scarce. 2. Agastache scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Kuntze. M. p. 786. Borders of woods. Summer and fall. Philadelphia— Manayunk, Mart. (B. C), Fairmount Park (Ja.), Wissa- hickon (Te.). Bucks— l>i ear Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery — Sumney- town (VP.). Delaware — Near Sandy Bank, Upper Providence (Fu.),_ Swarthmore (Pr.), Tinicum, Middletown (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Darby (VP.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton —'Eaa- ton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin— Steelton (Wn.). 276 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. €amden— Banks of Delaware (C). Monmouth— Freehold (C.)- New Castle— BTandywine, Red Clay Creek, J. Mason 's. Scarce. 7. NEPETA L. 1. Nepeta Cataria L. Catnip. M. p. 787. Waste places. Summer. 8. GLECHOMA L. L Glechoma hederacea L. Ground Ivy, Gill-over-the-ground. M. p. 787. Damp, shady places. Spring. 9. PRUNELLA L. 1, Prunella vulgaris L. Self-heal, Heal-all. M. p. 788. Woods and fields. Spring to late fall. 10. PHYSOSTEGIA Benth. 1. Physostegia Virginiana (L.) Benth. False Dragon-head. M. p. 788. Wet ground; also escaped. Summer. Lancaster— York Furnace, Susquehanna islands opposite Turkey Hill (Le.). Dauphin— CP.). 11. GALEOPSIS L. 1. Galeopsis Tetrahit L. Hemp-nettle. M. p. 790. Waste places. Sum- mer. Philadelphia— Greenv/ich. Point (Te.). Delaware— Chester, Dr. Jesse Young. Camden — Kaighn's Point (Wn.). 12. LEONURUS L. Motherwort. Lower leaves palmately 2-5-cleft, the upper 3-cleft. 1. L. Cardiaca. Leaves coarsely dentate or incised-dentate. 2. L. Marrubiastrum. 1. Leonurus Cardiaca L. M. p. 790. Waste places. Summer. 2. Leonurus Marrubiastrum L. M. p. 790. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— (P.). Delaware— Concord (W. Tr.), Castle Rock (VP.), Chad's Ford (Wn.). Chester- (P.). New Castle— Granogne, Canhy. Now common. 13. LAMIUM L. Dead-nettle. Upper leaves sessile or clasping. 1. L. amplexicaule. Leaves all petioled. Flowers red or purple. Corolla 12-18 mm. long; leaves not blotched. 2. L. purpureum. Corolla 20-25 mm. long; leaves commonly blotched. 3. L. maculatum. Flowers white. 4. L. album. 1. Lamium amplexicaule L. Henbit. M. p. 791. Waste places and culti- vated ground. Early spring to late fall. 2. Lamium purpureum L. M. p. 791. Waste and cultivated soil. Spring to fall. Philadelphia — PhiladelTphia Salt Works, 7. Burk (He.), Wissahickon (Je.), Germantown (Me.), Woodlands Cemetery (Te.), below Park Nur- LABI AT AE. 277 series (VP.). Delaware— Uidlej (Fu.), Marple (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Darby (Ja.). Chester— Goshen {W. Tt.). Lancaster— (P.). Camden— Kaighn's Point (Ja.) (Wn.). New Castle— Wawaset Nurseries. 3. Lamium maculatum L. M. p. 791. Roadsides; escaped from cultiva- tion. Spring to fall. Philadelphia— Haddington (Ws.). Bucks— {F.). Delaware— Wa.yva (Ke.), Lansdowne (Pe.), Darby Creek above West Chester Pike (VP.). Ze/ii^r^— Coplay (Kr.). Northampton— (F.) . 4. Lamium album L. M. p. 791. Waste places. Spring to fall. Man tgom ery — Shannonville ( Cr.) . CamdeJi— Kaighn's Point. 14. BALLOTA L. 1. Ballota nigra L. Black Horehound. M. p. 791. Waste places. Sum- mer. PfetiadeZp/iia — Philadelphia Salt Works, 7. Burk (He.), Greenwich Point, Girard Point (Te.). Camden— Kaighn's Point (Ja.) (Wn.). 15. STACHYS L. Hedge-nettle. Leaves narrowed at the base, linear to lanceolate or oblong. Stem glabrous; leaves entire or nearly so. Leaves linear, 2-5 mm. wide. 1. S. hyssopifolia. Leaves oblong to linear-oblong, 4-10 mm. wide. 2. S. Atlantica. Stem retrorsely hirsute; leaves serrate. 3. S. ambigua. Leaves cordate or truncate at the base, lanceolate to ovate. Stem glabrous or nearly so. 4. S. tenuifolia. "■ Stem hirsute. Leaves all very short-petioled, lanceolate to oblong. 5. S. palustris. Leaves, at least the lower, slender-petioled. Leaves lanceolate or ovate, acute or acuminate. Plant dark green ; leaves firm ; petioles 6-36 mm. long. 6. S. aspera. Plant Ught green ; leaves membranous ; petioles 1-5 cm. long. 7. S. cordata. Leaves ovate, obtuse ; diffuse annual. 8. S. arvensis. 1. Stachys hyssopifolia Michx. M. p. 792. Fields and thickets. Sum- mer. SmcAs— Bristol, Mart. (B. C). Burlington— Femherion, Medford (C), Moorestown (Sts.). Camden- Camden (C). Gloucester— yisXaga, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Middlesex — Monmouth Junction (C), Jamesburg (Wn.). Neiv Castle — Batten's, Ogletown, etc. Frequent. 2. Stachys Atlantica Britton. M. p. 792. Marshy ground. Summer. Bucks— (F.). 3. Stachys ambigua (A. Gray) Britton. M. p. 792. Moist soil. Summer. BmcAts— Bristol (P.). 4. Stachys tenuifolia Willd. M. p. 792. Moist fields and thickets. Summer. jBwc^i-s— Bristol (P.). 278 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 5. Stachys palustris L. M. p. 793. "Wet ground. Summer. 6. Stachys aspera Michx. M. p. 793. Wet ground. Summer. Philadelphia — Fairmount Park (Wn.). Bucks — (P.). Delaware — Lansdowne (Pe.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster — (P.). New Jersey— Frequent. New Castle — General and frequent. 7. Stachys cordata Kiddell. M. p. 793. Woods and thickets. Summer. Camden— Banks of Delaware (C). Hunterdon— Uosemont (C). 8. Stachys arvensis L. Wou7idwort. M. p. 793. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — (P.) . Comden— Kaighn's Point, I. Burk (He.) (Mac). Stachys annua L. M. p. 792. Ballast. Summer. Camden — Kaighn's Point, /. Burk (He.). 16. SALVIA L. Sage. 1. Salvia lyrata L. M. p. 794. Woodlands and meadows. Early summer. 17. MONARDA L. Flower-clusters solitary, terminal. Corolla scarlet, 3-5 cm. long; bracts red. 1. M. didyma. CoroUa white, pink or purple, 2-3 cm. long. Leaves membranous; corolla slightly pubescent, 2-2.5 cm. long. 2. M. Clinopodia,. Leaves thin or firm; corolla pubescent, 2.5-3 cm. long. Corolla cream-color, pink or purplish. 3. M. fistulosa. Corolla and bracts deep purple or purple-red. 4. M. media. Flower-clusters both axillary and terminal. 5. M. punctata. 1. MoNARDA DIDYMA L. Oswcgo Tea, Bee Balm. M. p. 795. Moist woods along streams. Summer. Philadelphia — Banks of Schuylkill, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Bucks — Point Pleasant (Fr.). Montgomery — Bryn Mawr (Gi.). Delaware — Lansdowne (Pe.), Castle Rock (VP.). Chester— Uosedale (Mac), near State Line, Canby (Ta.). Berks — Hamburg (Cr.). Northampton — (P.). Eunterdon-Hosemont (C). 2. MoNARDA Clinopodia A. Basil Balm. M. p. 796. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— (P.). Bucks — Deep Run (Fr.). Laneaster — {P.). Northampton — (P.). Dauphin— (P.). Delaware— Mar^ple (B. Sm.). 3. MoNARDA fistulosa L. Wild Bergamot. M. p. 796. Dry soil. Sum- mer. 4. MONARDA MEDIA WiUd. Purple Bergamot. M. p. 796. Moist thickets. Summer. Bucks— "t^ear Doylestown (Fr.). NortJiampton-'Easton, Porter (B. C). 5. MoNARDA PUNCTATA L. Horse-mint. M. p. 796. Dry soil. Summer and fall. Bucks— Bristol (P.), Solebury Twp. (Ws.). New Jersey— Common. New Castle — Delaware Junction, Commons. LABIATAE. 279 18. BLEPHILIA Eaf. 1. Blephilia ciliata (L.) Raf. M. p. 797. Dry, open places. Summer. Delaware— Upper Darby, Dr. J. W. Eckfeldt (Fu.). C/ies^er— Paoli (Cr.), Westtown (Sts.) (W. Tr.), Thorndale (St.). Northampton — (P.). New Castle — Col. Davis, Brakely, near Centerville, Commons. 19. HEDEOMA Pars. Mock Pennyroyal. 1. Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. American Pennyroyal. M. p. 797. Dry fields. Summer. 20. MELISSA L. 1. Melissa officinalis L. Bee-halm. M. p. 79S. Waste places, etc.; escaped. Summer. 21. CLINOPODIUM L. Flower-clustexs dense, axillary and terminal, setaceous-bracted. 1. C. vulgare. Flower-clusters loose, axillary, or forming terminal thyrses; bracts small. 2. C. Nepeta. 1. Clinopodium vulgare L. Basil. M. p. 799. Borders of thickets and fields. Summer and fall. 2. Clinopodium Nepeta (L.) Kuntze. Field Balm. M. p. 799. Dry, wa.ste ground. Summer. Philadelphia — Fairmount Park (Gi.), Germantown (Me.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (He.) (Li.). 22. HYSSOPUS L. 1. Hyssopus officinalis L. Hyssop. M. p. 800. Roadsides; escaped. Summer. 23. ORIGANUM L. 1. Origanum vulgare L. Wild Marjoram. M. p. 800. Fields and waste places. Summer. 24. KOELLIA Moench. Mountain-mint. Basil. Leaves prevailingly linear, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. Calyx-teeth ovate-triangular, acute, one-fourth as long as the tube. 2. K. Virginiana. Calyx-teeth subulate, lance-subulate or bristle-tipped. Leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire. 1. K. flexuosa. Leaves lanceolate, entire, or usually serrate. Bracts appressed, erect; clusters dense. 3. E. verticillata. Bracts spreading; clusters loose. 4. E. clinopodioides. Leaves prevailingly ovate, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate. Calyx-teeth bristle-tipped or subulate. Bracts appressed; clusters dense; calyx-teeth bristle-pointed. 5. K. aristata. Bracts spreading; clusters loose; calyx-teeth subulate. 6. K. incana. Calyx-teeth triangular. 7. E. mutica. 1. Koellia flexuosa (Walt.) MacM. M. p. 801. Fields and thicket*. '' Summer. 280 FLOE A OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. KoELLiA ViRGiNiANA (L.) MacM. M. p. 801. Dry fields and thickets. Summer. 3. KoELLiA VERTiciLLATA (Michx.) Kuntze. M. p. 801. Dry fields and thickets. Summer. Bucks — Bristol (Fr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin— {P.) . Camden — Ancora (Li.), Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester — Washington Park (VP.). Atlantic— Elwood (C), Egg Harbor (Li.). Monmouth— Freehold (C). New Castle— Greenhank, Commons. Frequent. 4. KoELLiA CLINOPODIOIDES (T. & G.) Kuntze. M. p. 801. Dry soil. Late summer. Bucks— Point Pleasant (Fr.). Delaware— Y alley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). LaJicas^er— McCall 's Ferry (Ca.). Berks— (P.). Northampton —Easton, Porter (B. C). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.). Hunterdon — Milltown (C). New Castle— Svrayne Station, W. & N. Railroad, Canby. 5. KOELLIA ARISTATA (Michx.) Kuntze. M. p. 801. Dry pine-barrens. Summer. Ocear)— Waretown (C). 6. KoELLiA INCANA (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 802. Dry thickets. Autumn. 7. KoELLiA MUTICA (Michx.) Britton. M. p. 802. Sandy soil. Summer. 25. THYMUS L. Thyme. 1. Thymus Serpyllum L. M. p. 802. Old fields and roadsides. Summer. 26. CUNILA L. Dittany. 1. CuNiLA ORIGANOIDES (L.) Britton. M. p. 803. Dry woods. Late sum- mer. 27. LYCOPUS L. Water Horehound. Bugleweed. Calyx-teeth 4 or 5, ovate, shorter than the nutlets. Leaves mostly ovate, usually purple; base of stem not tuberous. 1. L. Virginicus. Leaves mostly lanceolate to oblong; base of stem tuberous. 2. L. communis. Calyx-teeth mostly 5, lanceolate or subulate, longer than the nutlets. Bracts minute; corolla twice as long as the calyx. Leaves sessile. 3. L. sessilifolius. Leaves narrowed into a manifest petiole. 4. L. rubellus. Bracts lanceolate or subulate ; corolla not twice as long as the calyx. Leaves pinnatifid or deeply incised. 5. L. Americanus. Leaves ovate, coarsely dentate. 6. L. Europaeus. 1. Lycopus Virginicus L. M. p. 803. Shady, moist places. Summer. 2. Lycopus communis Bicknell. M. p. 803. Moist soil. Late summer. Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — (P.). 3. Lycopus sessilifolius A. Gray. M. p. 804. Pine-barrens. Summer. Lancaster — (P.). f,-.. Burlington— 'Batsto (C), Atsion. Gloucester— l>ieaT Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). jSaJem— Penn's Grove (C). Atlantic— tiear Green- LABIATAE. 281 bank (C), May's Landing (Li.), Egg Harbor (Wn.). Ocean— Forked Kiver (Cr.) (Wn.), Toms River (Ha.) (Ja.). 4. Lycopus rubellus Moench. M. p. 804. Moist soil. Summer. CaTMderi— Winslow (C). New Casfie— Blackbird, Covimons; Canal bank, Tatnall and Commons. 5. Lycopus Americanus Muhl. M. p. 804. Wet soil. Summer. 6. Lycopus Europaeus L. M. p. 804. Ballast. Summer. Camden — Camden (C). Salem— Salem (C). * 28. MENTHA L. Mint. Whorls of flowers in terminal spikes, or some of them in the upper axils. Plants glabrous or very nearly so. Spikes slim, narrow, mostly interrupted; leaves sessile or nearly so, 1. M. spicata. Spikes thick, mostly dense, at first short; leaves petioled. 2. M. piperita. Plants villous, hirsute or canescent, at least at the nodes. Spikes slim or narrow, often interrupted. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute. 3. M. longifolia. Leaves elliptic or ovate-oblong, obtuse, reticulated beneath. 4. M. rotundifolia. Spikes 10-12 mm. thick, dense, elongated or short. Leaves sessile; spikes 2-8 cm. long; plant canescent. 5. M. alopecuroides. Leaves distinctly petioled, or the uppermost sessile; spikes short. Leaves simply serrate. 6. M. aquatica. Leaves mostly incised, the margin crisped and wavy. 7. M. crispa. Whorls of flowers all axillary. Leaves crenate-dentate ; calyx-teeth triangular, short. 8. M. arvensis. Leaves sharply serrate; calyx-teeth subulate. Calyx-teeth ciliate, the tube glabrous; leaves ovate. 9. M. geniilis. Calyx densely or sparsely pubescent all over. Leaves ovate, pubescent on both sides; hairs of the stem re- flexed. 10. M. sativa. Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, nearly or quite glabrous. 11. M. Canadensis. 1. Mentha spicata L. Spearmint. M. p. 805. Wet places. Summer. 2. Mentha piperita L. Peppermint. M. p. 805. Wet soil. Summer. 3. Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Eorse-mint. M. p. 805. Philadelphia — Wissahickon (Je.). BmcA's— (P.). Northampton — 'Eas- ton. Porter (B. C), Pen Argyl (U. C. S.). Camden— White Horse (C). iSoiew— Woodstown (C). Cumberland — Vineland (Ab.). MonmoM^/i- Seabright (C). Hunterdon— Bull's Island (C). New Castle — Collins' Beach, Commons. 4. Mentha rotundifolia (L.) Huds. M. p. 805. Waste places. Summer. Buds— Center Bridge (Fr.), near New Hope (Ws.). Montgomery — Whitemarsh (Me.). Lehigh — Go-play (Kr.). Northampton — Haston, Porter (B. C). 282 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Ja.). Cape May — Cape May (C). New Castle — Centerville, Commons. 5. Mentha alopecuroides Hull. M. p. 806. Eoadsides. Summer. Bucks — Hilltown, Sellersville, a common escape (Fr.). Montgomery — WMtemarsh (VP.). Lancaster — (P.). Bevies — Hamburg (Ke.) (Li.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (He.), Pen Argyl (He.). Hunterdon— JjamhertviWe (C), Milford, Porter (B. C). 6. Mentha aquatica L. Water Mint. M. p. 806. Wet places. Autumn. P/u7adeZp/iia— Philadelphia Salt Works (He.). Lancaster— (P.) . Camden— Petty 's Island, I. Burlc (Fu.), Kaighn 's Point (Mac). Hun- terdon—'Roaemont (C). 7. Mentha crispa L. M. p. 806. Swamps and roadside ditches. Autumn. Philadelphia— (P.). Northampton— 'Easton, Porter (B. C). Monmouth — Holmdel (C). 8. Mentha arvensis L. Corn Mint. M. p. 806. Dry, waste places. Late summer. Philadelphia— ^ est Fairmount Park (Mac), Oak Lane (Wn.). Dela- ware-Mill Creek, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Dau- phin—(P.). New Jersey — Frequent (C). 9. Mentha gentilis L. M. p. 806. Waste places and along streams. Autumn. JS«cA-s— Hilltown, Sellersville (Fr.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton —Easton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin— (P.). 10. Mentha sativa L. M. p. 806. Waste places. Summer. Buds— Canal Bank near Point Pleasant (Fr.). Delaware— Tinicum (Fu.). Lancaster — York Furnace (He.) (Ke.). Northampton — Easton (Ca.). Camden — Camden (He.). Gloucester — Berkley (C), Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Mercer — Trenton, Bordentown (C). Hunterdon — Bull's Island (C). New Castle— I'kth. Street and Orange Street, Commons and Tatnall. 11. Mentha Canadensis L. Wild Mint. M. p. 806. Moist soil. Summer. 29. COLLINSONIA L. 1. Collinsonia Canadensis L. Rich-weed, Horse-balm. M. p. 807. Rich, moist woods. Summer and fall. 30. PERILLA Ard. 1. Peeilla frutescens (L.) Britton. M. p. 807. Waste places; escaped. Summer. Bucks — Nockamixon (Fr.). Montgomery — Rose Glen (Pr.). Delaware —Sycamore Mills, T. C. Palmer; Bradley's Mills, Ridley Creek southwest of Media (Fu.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Br.). Northampton — Eas- ton (P.). New Castle — Creekside above High Bridge, East 7th Street Extended; meadow above fish ponds under B. & O. bridge. SOLANACEAE. 283 Family 8. SOLANACEAE Pers. Potato Family. Fruit a berry; corolla plicate, its lobes generally induplicate. Anthers unconnected, destitute of terminal pores, dehiscent. Fruiting calyx 5-angled and deeply 5-parted; ovary 3-5-celled. 1. Physalodes. Fruiting calyx 5-lobed, not parted, 10-ribbed, often 5-10-angled, re- ticulated, wholly enclosing the berry, ovary 2-celled. 2. Physalis. Anthers connivent or slightly connate; fruiting calyx not enlarged. 3. Solanum. Fruit a nearly dry berry; corolla campanulate, little or not at all plicate, its lobes imbricated. 4. Lycium. Fruit a capsule; corolla funnelform. Capsule circumscissile toward the top, which separates as a lid; corolla irregular. 5. Hyoscyamus. Capsule opening by valves, generally prickly. 6. Datura. Capsule not prickly. 7. Petunia. 1. PHYSALODES Boehni. 1. PHYSAI.ODES PHYSALODES (L.) Britton. Apple-of-Pcru. M. p. 808. Waste grounds near dwellings. Summer. Philadelphia— Byherr J, Mart. (B. C). Buclis— Lower districts, Mayer (P.). Delaivare— Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— On Susquehanna near the Maryland line (Pr.). Northampton— (P.). Comcife«— Ballast (C). Gloucester— Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic— May's Landing (Te.). Monmouth— Oceaji Grove (C). Nen- Castle — East 7th Street Extended. Rare. ' 2. PHYSALIS Boehni. Ground Cherry. A-nnuals with branched fibrous roots. Plants more or less pubescent. Leaves ovate, oblique, acute or acuminate, subentire at the base; upper part repand or subentire; stem slender, diffuse, sharply angled, 1. p. pubescens. Leaves cordate-oblique, strongly sinuate to the base; stem stout, obtusely angled. 2. P. pruinosa. Plants glabrous, or the upper part sparingly beset with short hairs, or a little puberulent when young; fruiting calyx obtusely 5-10-angled-, not sunken at the base. 3. P. Philadelphica. Perennial by rootstocks and roots. Pubescence on the leaves none; on the upper part of the stem sparse and short, if any. 3. p. Philadelphica. Pubescence sparse, consisting of flat, sometimes jointed hairs; some- times a little viscid. 4. p. Virgijiiana. Pubescence dense, short, more or less viscid or glandular, often mixed with long, flat, jointed hairs. 5. P. heterophylla. 1. Physalis pubescens L. M. p. 810. Sandy soil. Summer, Cam de?(— Camden (C). Gloucester— ^YteAQshoro (Li.). Salem — U\A.- dleton (Wa.). Cumberland— Mineland (Ab.). Atlantic— Y^gg Harbor (C). Ocean— Manchester (C). Hunterdon— Stockton {G.) . New Castle— Brandy wine, etc. Not rare. 2. Physalis pruinosa L. M. p. 810. Cultivated soil. Summer. ^Mcis— Sellersville (Fr.). Lancaster— (P.). . ., 3. Physalis Philadelphica Lam. M. p. 811. Fertile soil. Summer. 2^4 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Philadelphia— PhWadelTphia, Mart. (B. C), Wheel Pump (Ja.). Bucks —Near Sellersville, old garden (Ft.). Delaware — Haverford (Fu.), Wawa, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.)- Lancaster — (P.)- Northampton— (P.). Burlington — Moovestovfu (C.)- Camden — Clementon (C), Camden (He.) (Li.). New Castle— Mo\mt Cuba (Ja.), north of Brandywine Spa. 4. Physalis Virginiana Mill. M. p. 811. Eich soil. Summer. Philadelphia— {P.). Bwc/ts— Wycombe, Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— (P.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster— {P.). Nortlmmpton-EastoTi, Porter (B. C). New Jersey — Common. New Castle— Freqaent. 5. Physalis heterophylla Nees. M. p. 812. Eich soil. Summer. Philadelphia — (P.). Bucks — Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Hay Island, Darby (B. Sm.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster— {P.). North- ampton— (P.). Physalis Alkekengi L. Wi^iter Cherry. M. p. 812. Introduced. Summer. P/iitodeip/iia— Wissahickon (Je.). New Castle — Near Centerville, Commons. 3. SOLANUM L. Nightshade. Glabrous or pubescent herbs, not prickly. 1. S. nigrum. Stellate-pubescent and prickly herbs. Berry not enclosed by the calyx; perennials. Hirsute; leaves ovate or oblong, sinuate or pinnatifid. 2. S. Carolinense. Densely silvery-canescent ; leaves linear or oblong, repand or entire. 3. S. elaeagnifolium. Berry invested by the spiny calyx; annuals. 4. S. rostratum. Climbing vine, not prickly; leaves hastate or 3-lobed. 5. S. Dulcamara. 1. SoLANUM NIGRUM L. Common Nightshade. M. p. 814. Shaded grounds and fields. Summer and fall. 2. SoLANUM Carolinense L. Horse-nettle. M. p. 814. Sandy soil and waste grounds. Summer. 3. SoLANUM elaeagnifolium Cav. M. p. 814. Ballast. Summer. CoTOderi— Kaighn's Point, I. Burh (Fu.). 4. SoLANUM rostratum Dunal. Beaked Nightshade. M. p. 815. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — Tioga Station, locality probably destroyed (Le.), Alle- gheny Ave. (Cr.), Mifflin Street Wharf (Ja.). Biicts— Perkasie (Fr.). Delaware — Lansdowne, Dr. Emily G. Hunt (He.), near Adele (Ws.). Lancaster — Columbia (Sa.) (Wa.). Camden— CsimAQn, I. Burk (He.). Gloucester — Sw^edesboro (He.) (Li.), ^ftonfic— Hammonton (C). Cape May— Ca:pe May Point (C). Mercer — Princeton Junction (Ws.). New Castle— 'Near Wilmington (Pr.). 6. SoLANUM Dulcamara L. Bittersweet. M. p. 815. Waste places and thickets. Summer. SCEOPEVLARIACEAE. 285 Lycopersicon Lycopersicon (L.) Karat. Tomato. iiscaped; waste places. Summer. 4. LYCIUM L. 1. Lycium vulqake (Ait. f.) Dunal. Matrimony-vine. M. p. 816. Waste ground about dwellings; escaped. Summer. 5. HYOSCYAMUS L. 1. Hyoscyamus NIGER L. Black Henbane. M. p. 816. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — Girard Point (Cr.), Greenwich Point, I. Burk (Fu.) (Te.). 5«cA-s— Sellersville (Ja.) (Fr.). Comdew— Kaighn's Point (Ja.). 6. DATUEA L. Thorn Apple. Stem green; Howers white; lower prickles of the fruit shorter. 1. D. Stramonium. Stem purple ; flowers lavender or violet ; prickles about equal. 2. D. Tatula. 1. Datura Stramonium L. Jamestown- or Jimson-weed. M. p. 816, Waste grounds. Summer. 2. Datura Tatula L. Purple Thorn Apple. M. p. 816. Waste grounds. Summer. 7. PETUNIA Juss. Corolla white, its tube cylindric. 1. P. axillaris. Corolla violet-purple, its tube campanulate. 2. P. violacea. 1. Petunia axillaris (Lam.) B. S. P. M. p. 817. Waste places; escaped. Summer. 2. Petunia violacea Lindl. M. p. 817. Waste places; escaped. Summer. Petunia parviflora Juss. M. p. 818. Waste places and ballast. Summer. PMZadeip/iia— Philadelphia Navy Yard, Mart. (B. (J.). North- ampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Ja.). Family 9. SCROPHULAEIACEAE Lindl. Figwort Family. 1. Anther-bearing stamens 5 ; corolla rotate ; leaves alternate. • 1. Verbascum. 2. Anther-bearing stamens 2 or 4; leaves opposite, verticillate or alternate. Corolla spurred, saccate or gibbous on the lower side. Leaves palmately 3-5-veined. 2. Cymbalaria. Leaves pinnately veined. Flowers solitary in the axils. 3. Kickxia. Flowers in terminal racemes. 4. Linaria. Corolla neither spurred, saccate nor gibbous on the lower side. Anther-bearing stamens 4, the fifth sterile or rudimentary. Sterile stamen a scale adnate to the upper side of the corolla. 5. Scrophularia. 28'^ FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Sterile stamen elongated, longer or shorter than the others. Corolla tubular, 2-lipped, the lobes of the lower lip flat. Sterile stamen shorter than the others; seeds winged. 6. Chelone. Sterile stamen about equalling the others; seeds wingless. 7. Pentstemon. Corolla 2-eleft, declined ; middle lobe of the lower lip conduplicate. 8. Collinsia. Stamens 4, all anther-bearing, or 2 sterile, or 2 only. Stamens 4, all anther-bearing ; corolla 2-lipped ; stamens not enclosed in upper lip of corolla. 9. Mimulus. Stamens 4, 2 anther-bearing and 2 sterile, or 2 only; corolla obviously 2-lipped. Calyx 5-parted; upper lip of corolla present. Sterile filaments short or none. 10. Gratiola. Sterile filaments slender, 2-lobed. 11. Ilf/santhes. Calyx 4-toothed ; upper lip of corolla obsolete ; low mud plant. 12. Micranthemum. Stamens 4, all anther-bearing; corolla nearly regular; flowers on scapes, 13. Limosella. Stamens 2 only; corolla rotate, salverform, tubular or none. Corolla rotate ; capsule obcordate or emarginate, compressed. 14. Veronica. Corolla tubular-funnelform ; capsule ovoid, not compressed. 15. Leptandra. Stamens 4, all anther-bearing; corolla campanulate, salverform or fun- nelform, scarcely 2-lipped. Corolla salverform ; flowers in a long spike. 16. Bucknera. Corolla campanulate or funnelform. Anthers awned at the base; corolla yellow. 17. Dasystonia. Anthers awnless ; corolla purple, pink or rarely white. ]8. Gerardia. Stamens 4, all anther-bearing, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla. Ovules several or numerous ; capsule many-seeded. Anther-sacs dissimilar, the inner one pendulous by its apex; leaves mostly alternate. 19. Castilleja. "*"'•' Anther-sacs similar and parallel; leaves mostly opposite. Calyx 2-bracteolate at the base, 5-toothed. 20. Schwalbea. Calyx not bracteolate, 4-5-toothed, or cleft or split. 21. Pedicularis. Ovules only 1 or 2 in each cell of the ovary; capsule 1-4-seeded; leaves opposite. 22. Melampyrum. 1. VERBASCUM L. Mullein. Plants densely woolly; flowers in dense terminal spikes or spike-like racemes. 1. F. Thapsus. Leaves whit«-tomentose beneath; flowers in large terminal panicles. 2. V. Lychnitis. Plant glabrous or sparingly glandular ; flowers racemose. 3. V. Blattaria. 1. Verbascum Thapsus L. Common Mulleiii. M. p. 819. Fields and waste places. Summer. 2. Verbascum Lychnitis L. White Mullein. M. p. 820. Fields and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— Falls of Schuylkill, Mart. (B. C), Walnut Lane Station (Je.), East Fairmount Park (Le.), near Bartram 's Garden (Mac), Ger- SCBOPHVLARIACEAE. 287 mantowu (Mac.) (Me.) (Te.), Wissahickon (U. C. S.). Bucks— New- town, Point Pleasant, Durham (Fr.), New Hope (Ws.). Montgomery— Shannonville (Cr.). Deiaware— Springfield, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Con- cord (W. Tr.). Ser^s— Hamburg (Ke.). Northarnptoii—Easton (Ca.). Caw den— Pavonia (Wn.). Gloucester— "N ear Miekleton (He.), Swedes- boro (Li.). Atlantic — Indian Neck (C). 1/ercer — Trenton (Fr.). nunterdon— Stockton, Bull's Island (C). 3. Verbascum Blattaria L. Moth Mullein. M. p. 820. Fields and waste places. Summer and fall. 2. CYMBALARIA Medic. 1. Cymbalaria Cymbalaria (L.) Wettst. Kenilworth Ivy. M. p. 820. Waste places and roadsides ; escaped. Summer. 3. KICKXIA Dumort. Toad-flax. Leaves ovate-orbicular, cordate or rounded at the base. 1. K. spuria. Leaves triangular, mostly hastate. 2. K. Elatine. 1. KiCKXiA SPURIA (L.) Dumort. M. p. 820. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia — Ballast ( P. ) . Ca?>!de/i— Kaighn's Point. 2. KiCKXiA Elatine (L.) Dumort. M. p. 820. Sandy, waste places. Sum- mer. Philadelphia — (F J). Bucks — Tohickon Creek near Point Pleasant (Br.), Quakertown (Fr.), Neshaminy near Rushland (Ws.), Pleasantville (P.). Delaware— Cheater (Sch.). Salem — Elsinboro ( Mac. ) . New Castle— Townsend and Collins, Commons; Hamburg Road, Canby and Tatnall. 4. LINARIA Hill. Toad-flax. Flowers yellow; 1.5-3 cm. long. 1. L. Linaria. Flowers blue to white, 6-12 mm. long. Spur of corolla filiform, curved; native species. 2. L. Canadensis. Spur of corolla short, conic; European adventive species. 3. L. repens. 1. Linaria Linaria (L.) Karst. Bamsted, Btitter-aiid-eggs. M. p. 821. Fields and waste places. Summer. 2. Linaria Canadensis (L.) Dumort. Blue Toad-flax. M. p. 821. Dry soil. Summer. 3. Linaria repens (L.) Mill. M. p. 821. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— BaYl'dst (P.). Camden— Kaighn's Point, I. Burk (He.) (Ja.). 5. SCROPHULARIA L. Figwort. Corolla dull outside; sterile stamen deep purple. 1. S. Marylandica. Corolla shining outside; sterile stamen greenish-yellow. 2. S. leporella. 1. SCROPHULAKIA MARYLANDICA L. M. p. 822. Woods and thickets. Sum- mer. 288 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. ScROPHULARiA LEPORELLA Bicknell. M. p. 822. Woods and along road- sides. Early summer. ScROPHULARiA CANiNA. Ballast. Philadelphia — Philadelphia, I. Burk (He.). 6. CHELONE L. 1. Chelone glabra L. Turtle-head, Snake-head. M. p. 823. Wet places. Summer. 7. PENTSTEMON Solaud. Beard-tongue. Stem pubescent or puberulent nearly or quite to the base. 1. P. hirsutus. Only the inflorescence, or pedicels, or calyx pubescent or puberulent. Corolla white, abruptly enlarged, 2.5-3 cm. long. 2. P. Digitalis. Corolla purplish, gradually enlarged, 1.5-2 cm. long. 3. P. Pentstemon. 1. Pentstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. M. p. 824. Dry or rocky ground. Early summer. 2. Pentstemon Digitalis (Sweet) Nutt. M. p. 825. Fields and thickets. Early summer. Bucks — Hilltown, Trumbauersville (Fr.). Montgomery — Fort Wash- ington (VP.). Delaware — Upper Providence, one mile north of Media (Fu.), Tinicum (Le.), Concord (W. Tr.). Lancaster— 'Nevf Texas (Ca.). Mercer — Princeton (C). Middlesex — Cranbury (C). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C). 3. Pentstemon Pentstemon (L.) Britton. M. p. 825. Moist or rich soil. Early summer. Bwcfes— Sellersville (Fr.), Rock Hill (Ja.), Buckingham Valley (Ws.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware — Swarthmore (Pr.) (Ws.), Tinicum (Sa.). Lancaster— York Furnace (Cr.). Ne-w Castle — Near Newark, Commons. 8. COLLINSIA Nutt. 1. Collinsia verna Nutt. Blue-eyed Mary. M. p. 826. Moist soil. Spring. Philadelphia — Germantown, Mart. (B. C). Northampton — Easton, Porter (Fu.). Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Baill. M. p. 827. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. 9. MIMULUS L. Monkey-flower. Leaves sessile, clasping; peduncles longer than the calyx. 1. M. ringens. Leaves petioled; peduncles shorter than the calyx. 2. M. alatus. 1. Mimulus ringens L. M. p. 827. Wet places. Summer. 2. Mimulus alatus Soland. M. p. 827. Wet places. Summer. Philadelphia — West Philadelphia along Schuylkill (Mac), Angora (Te.). Bucks— Hock Hill (Fr.), Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Delaware— Lansdowne (Pe.), Castle Rock (VP.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— York Furnace (Cr.), Peach Bottom, McCall's (Le.). Northampton — (P.). Dauphin — Near Harrisburg, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Burlington — Medford (Br.). .Sia?i??>i— Woodstown (Wa.). Mercer — SCEOPHULARIACEAE. 289 Crosswick's Creek, Trenton (G.). Hwiterdon — hoektovin, Baptisttown (C). New Cast 2e— Frequent. MiMULUS MOSCHATUS Dougl. M. p. 828. Wet places, adv. from Pacific coast. Summer. Philadelphia— Hocks near Manayunk (P.). 10. GRATIOLA L. Hedge-hyssop. Plants glabrous or glandular; anther-sacs transverse, separated. Sterile filaments minute or none. Glandular-puberulent ; flowers 8-10 mm. long; capsule ovoid. 1. G. Firginiayia. Glabrous; flowers 14 mm. long; capsule globose. 2. G. sphaerocarpa. Sterile filaments 2, slender, capitate at the summit. Leaves lanceolate, entire or remotely denticulate. 3. G. aurea. Leaves ovate or oblong, sharply serrate. 4. G. viscosa. Plant hirsute ; anther-sacs parallel, contiguous. 5. G. pilosa. 1. Gratiola Virginiana L. M. p. 829. Wet places. Summer. 2. Gratiola sphaerocarpa Ell. M. p. 830. Wet places. Summer. Cape May— Ocean View (C). Neiv Castle— Near Wilmington, Vandyke, Commons. 3. Gratiola aurea Muhl. Goldenpert. M. p. 830. Sandy swamps. Sum- mer. Bucks— Bristol (Fr.) (Te.), Neshaminy (He.). Northampton— Easton (Ca.), on the Delaware, Bethlehem (P.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle— Townsend, Canhy and Tatnall. 4. Gratiola viscosa Schwein. M. p. 830. Brooks and swamps. Summer. New Castle— Bupont's near Gordon Heights, Commons. 5. Gratiola pilosa Michx. M. p. 830. Dry soil. Summer. Comden— Griflith Swamp near Camden, Mart. (B. C). Gloucester— Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May— Ca^e May (Ja.) (U. C. S.). 11. ILYSANTHES Raf. 1. ILYSANTHES DUBiA (L.) Bamhart. False Pimpernel. M. p. 830. Wet places. Summer. 12. MIGRANTHEMUM Michx. 1. MiCRANTHEMUM MICRANTHEMOIDES (Nutt.) Wettst. M. p. 831. Tidal mud. Autumn. Philadelphia— 'Rasi side of Penrose Ferry, C. E. Smith (Fu.). Burlington— Barrack Creek (C). Camden— Camden, Mart. (B. C), Delair (Br.). 13. LIMOSELLA L. Mudwort. 1. Limosella aquatica L. M. p. 831. Muddy shores and in brooks. Summer. Delaware— (B.). 290 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. LiMOSELLA TENUIFOLIA Hoflfm. Mudwoft. M. p. 831. Brackish mud. Summer. Philadelphia — Mud Island opposite Torresdale (Wn.). Biicls — Anda- lusia, Mart. (Fr.). Delaware — Tinicum, Aubrey H. Smith (Fu.). Cam- den—Camden (C). Ocean — Bay Head (C). Monmouth — Long Branch, Spring Lake (C). Netv Castle — Brandywine Creek below railroad, Canhy; Dupont's Wharf, Commons. ■ 14. VERONICA L. Speedwell. Flowers racemose in the axils of the leaves, bracteolate. Glabrous, or minutely glandular above (No. 3 rarely hairy) ; brook or swamp plants. Leaves ovate, oval, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate; capsule com- pressed. Stem leaves sessile, partly clasping, serrulate or entire. 1. V. Anagallis-aquatica. All the leaves petioled, serrate. 2. V. Americana. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate ; capsule very flat. 3. V. scutellata. Pubescent, dry-soil plants; leaves crenate or dentate. 4. F. offlcinalis. Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes, or solitary in the axils. Flowers in terminal spikes. 5. V. serpyllifolia. Flowers solitary in most of the axils ; peduncles shorter than the leaves. Erect ; glabrous or glandular ; capsule emarginate. 6. F. peregrina. Diffuse; pubescent; capsule obcordate. 7. V. arvensis. Flowers solitary in the axils; peduncles as long as the leaves or longer. Leaves ovate or oblong, crenate or dentate. Corolla not longer than the calyx; capsule narrowly emar- ginate. 8. V. agrestis. Corolla longer than the calyx; capsule broadly emarginate. 9. V. Byzantina. Leaves orbicular or broader, 3-5-lobed or crenate. 10. V. hederaefolia. 1. Veronica Anagallis-aquatica L. Water Speedwell. M. p. 832. Brooks and ditches. Summer. Philadelphia— yVister Wood (Je.) (Re.), Germantown (Me.), bank of Schuylkill near Philadelphia (Pr.), above Manayunk (VP.). Bud's— Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— ShannoiwiWe (Cr.), Spring Mills (Ha.). Chester — Perkiomen Junction (Le.). Northampton — On the Delaware above Easton (P.). Hunterdon — Along the Delaware (C). 2. Veronica Americana Schwein. American Broollime. M. p. 833. Brooks and ditches. Spring and summer. 3. Veronica scutellata L. Marsh Speedwell. M. p. 833. Bogs. Sum- mer. Philadelphia— GeTmantowji (Me.). BucJcs—Hock Hill (Fr.) (Mac), Hulmeville (Pr.), Haycock Mountain (Ws.). Montgomery— Shannonville (Or.). Chester— CP.). Lmicaster— Below McCall's Ferry (Br.), Collins' Perry (Ca.). Ber^s— Hamburg (Br.). Northampton— (P.). Somerset — Black Swamp (C). If ercer -— Crosswick 's Creek (Br.), Princeton Junction (C). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C). SCHOrHVLAIilACEAE. 291 4. Veronica officinalis L. Common Speedtoell. M. p. 833. Dry fielda and open woods. Summer. 5. Veronica serpylx,ifolia L. Thyme-leaved Speedwell. M. p. 833. Road- sides and fields. Spring and summer. 6. Veronica peregrina L. Neckweed. M. p. 834. Waste and cultivated ground, in damp soil. Spring to fall. 7. Veronica arvensis L. Cor7i Speedwell. M. p. 834. Fields, woods and waste places, and cultivated soil. Spring and summer. 8. Veronica agrestis L. M. p. 834. Fields and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C), Germantown (Me.), Falls of Schuylkill (Pr.), Greenwich Point (Te.). JSwcAs— Bensalem, Mart. (P.). Detowave— Haver ford, T. C. Palmer (Fu.), Wayne (Ha.). Lancaster— (P.). Camden— Ballast (C). Monmouth— Ijong Branch (C.). 9. Veronica Byzantina (Sibth. & Smith) B. S. P. M. p. 834. Waste ground. Summer. Philadelphia — Bartram 's Garden, Greenwich Point (Te.). Montgomery — Chelten Hills (Pr.). Delaware— Near Media (Fu.), Tinicum Island, Concord (W. Tr.). Lancaster— (P.). Camden — Kaighn's Point (Ja.). Salem — Woodstown (Wa.). New Castle— TatnaU. and 19th streets, Febiger's. Rare. 10. Veronica hederaefolia L. Ivy-leaved Speedwell. M. p. 834. Shaded places. Spring to fall. Philadelphia— Paixmoxxnt Park (VP.). Peiaware— Swarthmore, Rose Valley (Ke.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster — On Conestoga Creek (Br.). Northampton — ( P. ) . 15. LEPTANDRA Nutt. 1. Leptandra Virginica (L.) Nutt. Culver 's-root, Culver 's-physic. M. p. 834. Meadows, moist woods and thickets. Summer. 16. BUCHNERA L. 1. BucHNERA Americana L. Blue-hearts. M. p. 835. Moist, sandy ground. Summer. Ddaware— Williamson, Concord (Fu.), Middletown (W. Tr.). Lan- caster-Pleasant Grove (Ca.), Little Britain Twp. (Pr.). Burlington— BuTlington (C). New Castle — Gnjancourt, Tatnall ; Hand's, TatnaU; Har \ey. Commons; Townsend, Canby. 17. DASYSTOMA Raf. False Foxglove. Plants glandular-pubescent ; corolla pubescent without ; leaves finely divided ; annuals or biennials. 1. D. Pedicularia. Puberulent, cinereous or glabrous; corolla glabrous without; perennials. Cinereous-puberulent. 2. D. flava. Glabrous or very nearly so throughout. • 3. D. Virginica. 1. Dasystoma Pedicularia (L.) Benth. M. p. 836. Dry woods and thickets. Late summer. 2. Dasystoma flava (L.) Wood. M. p. 836. Open woods. Summer. 292 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. Dasystoma Virginica (L.) Britton. M. p. 837. Dry or moist woods. Summer. Philadelphia— GQrm&Tiitovni (Me.). Ewcfcs— Tullytown (Cr.), Hoot 'a Mill (Fr.). Montgomery— Liafsijette, Militia Hill (VP.). Delaware— Gheyney (Gi.), Valley of Darby Creek (B, Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lehigh — Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampto7} — 'Eaa- ton, Porter (B. C). New Jersey — Frequent. New Castle— Frequent. 18. GERARDIA L. Flowers pedicelled; anthers all alike. Pedicels in flower shorter than the calyx, or but 1-2 times as long. Corolla 2-2.6 cm. long. 1. G. purpurea. Corolla 1-1.6 cm. long. Calyx-teeth triangular, subulate, acute. 2. G. paupercula. Calyx-teeth broad, short, obtuse. 3. G. maritima. Pedicels in flower 2-6 times as long as the calyx. Leaves linear, 2.5 mm. wide or less. • 4. G. tenuifolia. Leaves filiform-linear, less than 1 mm. wide. 5. G. Holmiana. Leaves subulate-spatulate, short, nearly erect ; capsule oblong. 6. G. Sliinneriana. Flowers sessile; anthers of the shorter stamens smaller. 7. G. auriculata. 1. Gerardia purpurea L. M. p. 838. Moist fields and meadows. Autumn. 2. Geeardia paupercula (A. Gray) Britton. M. p. 838. Bogs and low meadows. Summer. Bucks— Tuilytoym (P.). Mowt^ower;;/— Frazier 's Bog (VP.). Dela- ware—Timcum (B. Sm.) (P.). Northampton— (P.). 3. Gerardia maritima Raf. M. p. 838. Salt marshes along coast. Sum- mer. New Jersey— Common. New Castle — Collins' Beach, Covxmons. 4. Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl. M. p. 838. Dry woods and thickets. Autumn. 5. Geeardia Holmiana Greene. M. p. 838. Dry, sandy woods. Autumn. Atlantic— Fgg Harbor (VP.). 6. Geeardia Skinneriana Wood. M p. 839. Sandy, low ground. Autumn. Laricaster— Wakefield (Ca.), New Texas (P.). Burlington — Woodmansie (Ja.). Atlantic — Egg Harbor (Cr.). 7. Gerardia auriculata Michx. M. p. 839. Moist, open soil. Summer. BmcAs — Plumstead, J. S. Moyer (B. C). Hilltown, Rock Hill (Fr.). Chester— (P.). Middlesex— Woodihridge (C). 19. CASTELLEJA Mutis. 1. Castelleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Scarlet Painted-cup. M. p. 839. Meadows and thickets. Early summer. Philadelphia — Along' SchujlMU, Mart. (B. C), Chestnut Hill (Je.), Germantown (Me.). Bucks— Avgus (Br.), Nockamixon, near Quakertown (Le.), Horschani (Mar.), Sellersville (Re.), Bonair (Sa.). Montgomery — Sumneytown (VP.), Uhl's Mill (Wn.). D^toworf — Williamson, Elwyn LENTIBULABIACEAE. 293 (Pe.), Concord (W. Tr.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Glen Riddle (Te.)- C/iester— Westtown (Le.)- Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh— Liehigh Mountain, Deily's (Kr.). Northampton— (F.) . Camden — White Horse (C), Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester — HurfiE- ville (C.)- iZwi^erdo-Ji— Lambertville (Ws.)- /Somerset— Somerville (C.). New Castle — Beaver Valley, Tatnall; Mill Creek, Granogue, Canby. 20. SCHWALBEA L. 1. ScHWALBEA AMERICANA L. Cluif-seed. M. p. 841. Wet, sandy soiL Early summer. Camden — Winslow Junction, Mart. (B. C), Williamstown Junction (Le.). Cape May — Cape May (Ke.). Atlantic— Kammonton (C), Egg Harbor. New Castle— Canal, St. George's. 21. PEDICULARIS L. Lousewort. Leaves pinnately lobed; capsule ovate, scarcely longer than the calyx. 1. P. lanceolata. Leaves pinnately parted ; capsule lanceolate, 3 times as long as the calyx. 2. P. Canadensit. 1. Pedicularis lanceolata Michx. M. p. 843. Swamps. Autumn. Philadelphia— Philadelphia, C. E. Smith (B. C). ^wcfcs— Tullytown (Cr.). Delaware— 'Rhoads' Swamp (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— North of Coatesville (St.), near Valley Station (Pr.). Lancas- ter—{P.). Lehigh— Deilj 'a (Kr.). Burlington — MedtoTd (Br.), Bordentown (C). C'o?n.deft — Ashland (Cr.), Lindenwold (VP.). jSoZem — Woodstown (Wa.) (Wn.). Mon- mouth—Freehold (C). Mercer— Trenton (C). Middlesex — Metuchen, Sand Hills (C). New Castle— Thompson's, Tatnall; Scott's, etc., Ogletown. Scarce. 2. Pedicularis Canadensis L. Common Lousewort, Wood Betony. M. p. 844. Copses. Spring. 22. MELAMPYRUM L. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, the floral 2-4-toothed at the base. 1. M. lineare. Leaves ovate, all entire. 2. M. latifolium. 1. Melampyrum lineare Lam. Cow-wheat. M. p. 845. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. 2. Melampyrum latifolium Muhl. M. p. 845. Dry woods. Summer. Delaware — Tinicum (B. Sm.). Family 10, LENTIBULARIACEAE Lindl. Bladderwort Family. 1. UTRICULARIA L. Bladderwort. Scapes rooting in the mud; leaves entire; bladders usually few or none. Scapes stout, strict 1-10-flowered; flowers yellow, 8-20 mm. broad. 1. V. cornuta. Scape filiform, 2-braeted above; flower solitary, purple. 2. V. resupinata. 294 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. Scape filiform, the raceme zig-zag; flowers 1-10, yellow. 3. U. suhulata. Scape filiform; flowers minute, cleistogamous. 4. U. cleistogama. Branches and finely-divided leaves floating, or creeping on the mud, bladder- bearing. Scape bearing a whorl of leaves with inflated petioles. 5. U. in flat a. Scape leafless, or with a few minute scales. Leaves verticillate; corolla purple. 6. V. purpurea. Leaves crowded, 2-3-pinnately divided; corolla yellow, large. .: 7. U. vulgaris. Leaves scattered, dichotomously divided. Cleistogamous flowers among the leaves. 8. U. clandestina. No cleistogamous flowers. Bladders mainly or entirely on leafless branches. Leaf-segments linear, flat. 9. JJ. intermedia. Leaf-segments capillary. 10. TJ. fibrosa. Bladders among the leaves. 11. TJ. gibba. 1. Utricularia CORNUTA Michx. M. p. 846. Borders of ponds or in bogs. Summer. Nexv Jersey — Common in pine-barrens. 2. Utricularia resupinata B. D. Greene. M. p. 846. Sandy margins of ponds near the coast. Summer. Cape May— Near Sea Isle City, /. Burk (He.). 3. Utricularia subulata L. M. p. 846. Wet, sandy soil. Summer. Burlington — Between New Lisbon and Pemberton (C), Quaker Bridge (He.), Hanover (Ja.), Atsion (Le.), Taunton (Sts.) (W. Tr.), Brown Mills (Te.). Camden — Atco (Te.), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester — Woodbury (C). Atlantic — Egg Harbor (Cr.), May's Landing (Li.) (Wn.), Hammonton (Pr.), Absecon (Wn.). Ocean — Toms River, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (Te.), Forked River (Mar.). New Castle — Thompson 's, Tatnall ; Ogletown, Batten 's, Greenbank, Commons. Not rare. 4. Utricularia cleistogama (A. Gray) Britton. M. p. 846. Wet soil. Summer. Burlington — Atsion (C), Medford (Br.). Atlantic — Egg Harbor (Cr.). Cajye Ma^/— Woodbine (VP.). 0etott'a/-e— "Wawa. 2. TRAGOPOGON PORRIFOLIUS L. OiiHtcr-pkiut, Salsify. M. p. 895. Escaped from cultivation. Summer and fall. Philadelphia— Girard Point (Ja.), "Neck" (VP.). i^wcAs— Sellers- ville (Fr.) (Ja.). Montgomery — Betzwood (Br.), Ivy Rock (Wn.). Delaware SwaTthmoi-e (Pr.) (Ws.), Concord (W. Tr.). Northampton^ (P.). il/o/f/*iOMi/i — Freehold (C). //u/(^erdo« — Rosemont (C). 7. TARAXACUM Hall. Dandelion. Achenes greenish. 1. T. Taraxacum. Achenes red. • 2. T. erythrospermum. 1. Taraxacum Taraxacum (L.) Karst. M. p. 89G. Fields and waste places. All year. 2. Taraxacum erythrospermum Audrz. M. p. 896. Fields and woods. Spring. 8. SONCHUS L. Sow-thistle. Involucre glandular-pubescent; heads nearly 25 mm. high. 1. S. arvensis. Involucre glabrous ; heads 12-16 mm. high. Auricles of leaves acute, achenes striate and transversely wrinkled. 2. S. oleraceus. Auricles rounded ; achenes ribbed, not transversely wrinkled. 3. S. asper. 1. SoNCHUs ARVENSIS L. M. p. 897. Salt marshes and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia — "Neck," Louis Schneider (Ja.). Northampton— (F.). Camden— Kaighn's Point. Caj^e Mai/— Cape May (Te.). Monmouth — Asbury Park (Br.) (Fu.) (Wn.), Atlantic Highlands, Scobyville (C). New Castle — Corn-fields near Collins' Beach, Commons and Tatnall. 2. SoNCHUS OLERACEUS L. Co'minon Sow-thistle. M. p. 897. Waste places and cultivated grounds. Summer and fall. 3. SoNCHUS ASPER (L.) All. M. p. 897. Waste places. Summer. 9. LACTUCA L. Lettuce. Pappus briglit white. Leaves spiny-margined and often with spiny or hispid midribs; flowers yellow. Heads 6-12-flowered; invohici'e very narrow, 8-12 mm. high. 1. L. virosa. Heads 12-20-flowered ; involucre broader. 4. L. sagittifoUa. Leaves neither spiny-margined nor Avith spiny midribs (rarely spinulose in No. 3). Achenes very thin, flat, contracted into filiform or tapering be:iks. Leaves, or some of them, pinnatifid. Plant glabrous throughout, 1-3 mm. high. 2. L. Canadensis. 310 FLOEA OF PHILADELPHIA. Leaves, at least their midribs, hirsute. 3. L. hirsuta. Leaves entire or dentate, none of them pinnatifid. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate; achene longer than the beak. 4. L. sagittifolia. Leaves lanceolate; achene about equalling the beak. 2. L. Canadensis. Achenes beakless or with short necks, thickish ; flowers blue. Leaves oblong to ovate, acuminate, dentate. 5. L. villosa. Leaves pinnatifid, the terminal segment commonly triangular. 6. L. Floridana. Pappus brown; flowers blue to white. 7. L. spicata. 1. Lactuca virosa L, Prickly Lettuce. M. p. 898. Waste grounds and roadsides. Summer. Philadelphia— GQrmanioyim (Me.), flat below Philadelphia, L. L. Smith (B. Sm.), Fairmount Park (Wn.). jBitc/iS — Sellersville, Quakertown (Fr.), New Hope (Ws.). If on<^o?«er)/—Shannonville (Cr.), Lafayette (Wn.). Chester— Y alley Forge (Ja.). Lancaster— Peach Bottom (Ca.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Caviden—Kaighn's Point (.Ta.) (Wn.) (Li.). Gloucester— Uepaupo (Li.). New Castle— MeCollovigh Iron Co., Jackson and Sharp, 7th and Church. 2. Lactuca Canadensis L. Wild Lettuce. M. p. 898. Moist, open places. Summer and fall. 2a. Lactuca Canadensis Montana Britton. M. p. 898. Moist, open places. Summer and fall. Bucks— Point Pleasant, Dr. N. L. Britton (Fr.). 3. Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. M. p. 898. Dry soil. Summer. Philadelphia— Bjherry, Mart. (B. C). Bucks— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Burlivgton—Ymcejatown (C). Cape Mai/— Anglesea (Li.), Wildwood (Wn.). Atlantic— Atlantic City (C). Monmouth — STpving Lake (C), Asbury Park (Wn.). 4. Lactuca sagittifolia Ell. M. p. 898. Dry, open soil. Summer. PhiladeliJhia-BjheTTj, Mart. (B.C.). Bwcfcs— Near Sellersville (Fr.), Solebury (Ws.). Delaware— Liansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.). Lan- caster—(P.). Northampton— Haston, Porter (B. C). Gloricester-MicMeton, frequent (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Monmouth — Sandy Hook (C), Asbury Park (Wn.). Ne%v Castle— ^wmmit Bridge, etc.. Commons. 5. Lactuca villosa Jacq. M. p. 899. Thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— Byherr J, Mart. (B. C). Bucks— Rook Hill (Fr.), Sole- bury (Ws.). Monf^/omery— Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware— WmeTalHill (He.), Valley of Darby Creek, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Lancaster — York Furnace (P.). Gloucester— SwedeshoYo (Li.). (Somerset— Rocky Hill (C). Hunter- don— Rosemont (C). New Castle — Frequent. 6. Lactuca Floridana (L.) Gaertn. M. p. 899. Rich soil. Summer. Bucks— Argna (Fr.). Delaware— 'Near Cpopertown, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). C^es^er— Mortonville (St.), Doe Run (Wn.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton — (P.). CICHOBIACEAE. 311 Burlingto7i—'BoT(\entown (C). Cape May — Anglesea (Li.). Runter- don — Rosemont, Bull Island at Frenchtown (C). New Castle — Scarce. 7. Lactuca spicata (Lam.) Hichc. M. p. 899. Low grounds. Summer and fall. Philadelphia— 'Wissahickon (VP.), Fairmount Park (Wn.). Bucks— Eock Hill (Fr.). Delaware— 'Near Media (B. Sm.). Chester— (T.). Lancaster— York Furnace (He.). Z)aMp7m! — Steelton (Wn.). North- ampton—'Eastou, Porter (B. C). New Jersey— Frequent. New Castle— Common. 10. CREPIS L. Hawk 's-BEARD. Stem leaves narrow, revolute-margined, sessile. 1. C. tectoruw. Stem leaves lanceolate, clasping, not revolvite-margined. Involucre 6-8 mm. high ; achenes 10-striate. 2. C. virens. Involucre 8-12 mm. high; achenes 13-striate. 3. C. biennis. 1. Crepis tectorum L. M. p. 902. Fields and ballast. Summer. BmcAs— Sellersville (Fr.). 2. Crepis virens L. M. p. 902. Ballast. Summer. Northampton — Fasten (P.). Cawdei!— Kaighn's Point (Ja.). ■3. Crepis biennis L. M. p. 902. Waste places. Summer. Chester — (P.). Northnmpton — y^asXon (P.). 11. HIERACIUM L. Hawkweed. Flowering stem leafless or with 1-5 leaves ; achenes columnar or oblong, trun- cate. Stem scapose, with a single head only; principal bracts in 1-3 series; introduced. Heads corymbose or paniculate; principal bracts in 1-3 series. Leaves mostly entire, spatulate to oblong ; heads corymbose ; prin- cipal bracts of the involucre in 2-3 series ; introduced. 2. H. aurantiaeum. Leaves, at least some of them, denticulate, mostly obovate or oval; heads corymbose-paniculate; principal bracts in 1 series; natives. Stem glabrous or nearly so ; leaves usually purple-veined. 3. n. venosum. Stem pilose below; leaves green. 4. IT. Mariannm. Flowering stem abundantly leafy, at least below. Principal bracts of the involucre in 2-4 series ; heads corymbose. 5. H. Canadense. Principal bracts in 1 series ; heads small, paniculate or racemose. Achenes colunmnr at maturity; truncate. Plant nearly or quite glabrous except towards the base; heads 15-20-f owered. 6. H. paniculatum. Plant scabrous or glandular; heads 15-50-flowered. 7. H. scabrum. Achenes spindle-shaped or with tapering summit at maturity. 8. H. Gronovii. 1. HiERACiUM Pilosella L. M. p. 903. Door-yards and fields. Summer. Northampton — Easton (P.). 312 FLOUA OF FHILADELFH/A. 2. HiERACiUM AURANTIACUM L. M. p. 904. Roaclsides and fields. Summer. Philadelx>liia — Fairmount Park (Gi.). Camden — Grenlocli (Li.). 3. HiERACiuM VENOSUM L. Ratllesnake-weed. M. p. 904. Dry woods and thickets. Summer and fall. 4. HiERACiuM Marianum Willd. M. p. 904. Open woods and clearings. Summer. Bucks — Springfield near Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery — Shannon- ville (Cr.). Delaware — Whetstone Eun, Marple (B. Sm.). Chester — Falls of French Creek (Cr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton —Easton, Porter (B. C). Camden — Grenloch, Geo. M. Beringer (B. C). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May — Five-mile Beach (Ja.), Avalon, Br. J. B. Brinton (He.). Monmouth — Seabright (Ke.). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C). 5. HIERACIUM Canadense Michx. M. p. 905. Dry w-oods. Summer. Bucks — Near Riegelsville (Fr.). Montgomery — Perkiomen (Cr.), Wil- low Grove (U. C. S.). Lehigh — Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton —Bethlehem (Pr.). 6. HIERACIUM PANICULATUM L. M. p. 905. Dry woods. Summer. 7. HIERACIUM SCABRUM Michx. M. p. 905. Dry, open woods. Summer. 8. HIERACIUM Gronovii L. M. p. 905. Dry soil. Summer. 12. NABALUS Cass. Rattlesnake-root. Heads 5-7-flowered ; involucre very narrow, light green, 2 mm. thick ; pappus light straw-color. 1. N. altissimus. Heads 8-16-flowered; involucre broader, green, purple or glaucous, 3-6 mm. thick. Pappus deep eiunamon-brown. 2. N. albus. Pappus straw-color or light brown. Inflorescence paniculate. Involucral bracts with some stiff hairs, obviously shorter than the pappus; panicle-branches divergent. 3. N. serpentarius. Involucral bracts glabrous, equalling the pappus; panicle- branches ascending or erect. 4. N. trifoliolatus. 1. Nabalus altissimus (L.) Hook. M. p. 906. Rich, moist woods. Sum- mer and fall. 2. Nabalus albus (L.) Hook. IVhite Lettuce. M. p. 907. Woods. Late summer. 3. Nabalus serpentarius (Pursh.) Hook. Lion's-foot, Gall-of-the-earth. M. p. 907. Fields and thickets. Summer and fall. 4. Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass. M. p. 907. Woods and thickets. Late summer and fall. Bucks — (P.). Montgomery — (P.). Delaivare — (P.). Northampton -(P.). 5. Nabalus virgatus (Michx.) DC. M. p. 907. Sandy pine-barrens. Autumn. Burlington — Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Pleasant Mills (C), Atsion (Le.), Woodmansie (Sa.), Brown Mills (Sts.). Camden— Jaeksoii (C), Winslow Junction, Mart. (B. C), Cedar Brook (Cr.). Cape May — Woodbine AMBBOSIACEAE. 313 (Br.), Cape May (Li.)- Atlantic— Egg Harbor, May's Laiidiug (C.)- Ocean— Manchester (C.)« Family 4. AMBROSIACEAE Reichenb. Rag-weed Family. Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same heads; involucre of a few- rounded bracts. 1. Iva. Staminate and pistillate flowers in separate heads, the staminate mostly uppermost; involucre of the pistillate heads bur-like or nut-like. Involucral bracts of the staminate heads united. 2. Ambrosia. Involucral bracts of the staminate heads separate; involucre of pistil- late an oblong bur. 3. Xanthium. 1. IVA L. 1. Iva frutescens L. Marsh Elder, Highwater-shrub . M. p. 909. Salt marshes. Summer. 2. AMBROSIA L. Ragweed. Leaves opposite, palmately 3-5-lobed or undivided; receptacle naked. 1. A. trifida. Leaves opposite and alternate, 1-2-pinnatifid; receptacle chaffy. 2. A. art emisae folia. 1. Ambrosia trifida L. Great Ragweed. M. p. 910. Moist soil. Summer and fall, la. Ambrosia trifida integripolia (Muhl.) T. & G. M. p. 910. Moist soiL Summer and fall. 2, Ambrosia artemisaefolia L. Rag-weed, Hog-weed. M. p. 910. Culti- vated fields and waste places. Summer and fall. 3. XANTHIUM L. Clotbur. BtiRWEEu. (Jocklebur. Leaves lanceolate, not cordate; axils bearing 3-divided spines. 1. X. spinosum. Leaves orbicular or broadly ovate, cordate, or truncate; axils not spiny. Bur 12-20 mm. long, usually nearly glabrous; beaks straight or nearly so. 2. X. glabratum. Bur 5-30 mm. long; beaks hooked or incurved. Body of the bur oblong, twice as long as thick or more. Bur and its spines merely puberulent and glandular or with a few hispid hairs. Prickles very dense, slender; leaves thin, sharp-toothed. 3. X. Permsylvanicum. Prickles scattered, stout; leaves firm, bluntly-toothed. 4. X. Canadense. Bur or its prickles very hispid. 5. X. commune. Body of the bur oval to ovoid, not twice as long as thick. 6. X. echinatum. 1, Xanthium spinosum L. M. p. 912. Waste places. Autumn. Philadelphia— FhWaxMiihia, Mart. (B. C), Schuylkill above Manayunk (He.), Angora (Ws.). BmcA's— Opposite Trenton, Moyer; near Bristol, Mart. (Fr.). Delaware— lUmcwm Twp. (Fr.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— {V.). Lancaster— York Fumaco, Northampton — (P.). Camden— Frequent in towns and villages. New Castle— City streets and gutters, Wilmington, New Castle, etc. 314 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. Xanthium glabratum (DC.) Britton. M. p. 912. Waste grounds. Autumn. 3. Xanthium Pennsylvanicum Wallr. Open places. Autumn. Northampton — (P.) . 4. Xanthium Canadense Mill. M. p. 912. Waste ground. Autumn. Delaware — Upper Darby, Chad's Ford (B. Sni.). 5. Xanthium commune Britton. M. p. 912. Waste ground. Autumn. Delaware — Upper Darby (B. Sm.). 6. Xanthium echinatum Murr. M. p. 913. Eiver shores, sea-beaches and waste places. Autumn. .! Family 5. COMPOSITAE. Thistle Family. Anthers not tailed at the base; stigmatic lines of the style-branches only at the base, or not extending beyond the middle; flowers all tubular and perfect, never yellow ; rays none. Style branches filiform or subulate, hispidulous; receptacle naked. Tribe 1. Fernonieae. Style branches thickened upward, obtuse, papillose. Tribe 2. Eupatorieae. Anthers tailed at the base, unappendaged at the tip; heads small; rays none . (except in Inula, where they are large and yellow). Tribe 4. Inuleae. Anthers not tailed at the base ; stigmatic lines of the style-branches in the ■■ perfect flowers extending to the summit; flowers tubular only, or tubular and radiate, often yellow. 1. Beceptacle naJied (see also No. 39 of Tribe 6). a. Bracts of the involucre usually well imbricated. Style branches of the perfect flowers flattened, with terminal ap- pendages. Tribe 3. Astereae. Style-branches truncate, or with hairy tips. Bracts of the involucre herbaceous. Tribe 6. Helenieae. Bracts of the involucre dry and scarious. Tribe 7. AntJiemideae. h. Bracts little imbricated or not at all; j^appus of soft bristles. Tribe 8. Senecioneae. 2. Heceptacle cliafy. Bracts of involucre herbaceous or f oliaceous ; not scarious. Tribe 5. Heliantheae. Bracts of the involucre dry, scarious. Tribe 7. Anthemideae. Anthers long-tailed at the base, with elongated appendages at the tip ; heads large; rays none. (In Centaurea often with enlarged marginal flowers; bracts imbricated.) Tribe 9. Cynareae. Tribe 1. VERNONIEAE. Pappus double; heads not glomerate. 1. Vernonia. Pappus a single series of bristles ; heads glomerate. 2. Elephantopus. Tribe 2. EUPATORIEAE. Achenes 3-5-angled, not ribbed. Pappus of 5 broad, obtuse scales ; aquatic herb with linear-whorled leaves. 3. Sclerolepis. Pappus of numerous capillary bristles. Involucre of more than 4 bracts; erect herbs. 4. Eupatorium. COMPOSITAE. 315 Involucre of 4 bracts; twining, herbaceous vines. 5. Willughbaeya. Achenes 8-10-ribbed, or 8-10-striate. Bracts of the involucre strongly «triate-nerved ; heads panicled or corymbed. 6. Kuhnia. Bracts of the involucre faintly striate, if at all; heads spiked or racemed. 7. Lacinaria. Tribe 3. ASTEREAE. A. Eay-flo\v€rs yellow (white in one species of Solidago) or wanting; plants not dioecious. Pappus of scales, or awns, or wanting, never of numerous capillary bristles. 8. Grindelia. Pappus of either the radiate or tubular flowers, or both, of numerous capillary bristles, with or without an outer series of shorter ones, or of scales. Pappus, at least of the disk-flowers, double, an inner series of capil- lary bristles, and an outer one of scales or short bristles; heads large. Achenes of the ray-flowers thick, the pappus obsolete, or of a few caducous bristles; achenes of the disk-flowers flat. 9. Eeterotheca. Achenes of both ray-flowers and disk-flowers flattened. 10. Chrysopsis. Pappus wholly of capillary bristles. Receptacle alveolate ; rays mostly not more numerous than the disk-flowers. 11. Solidago. Receptacle fimbrillate ; rays more numerous than the disk- flowers; heads corymbose-paniculate. 12. Euthamia. B. Ray-fllowers present, not yellow. Pappus a mere crown, or of a few awns or bristles, or wanting, never of numerous capillary bristles. Receptacle conic. 13. Bellis. Receptacle flat, or somewhat convex. 14. Boltonia. Pappus of numerous capillary bristles. Pappus a single series of capillary bristles ; sometimes with an outer series of shorter ones. Bracts of the involucre in 2 to many series. Involucre narrow, its bracts firm; rays few, white. 15. Sericocarpus. Involucre turbinate to hemispheric, bracts mostly thin; rays usually numerous, white to purple. 16. Aster. Bracts of the involucre in only 1 or 2 series, very narrow; heads mostly long-peduneled. Rays longer than the diameter of the disk. 17. Erigeron. Rays not longer than the diameter of the disk; heads very small, panicled. 18. Leptilon. Pappus distinctly double, the inner bristles long, the outer shorter. Leaves lanceolate, ovate, or obovate; rays white. 19. Doellingeria. Leaves narrowly linear; rays violet. 20. lonactis. C. Ray-flowers none ; dioecious shrubs ; ; pappus capillary. 21. Baccharis. Tribe 4. INULAE. Heads small, rays none; flowers white or whitish. Receptacle chaffy. 22. Gifoln. Receptacle naked. Bracts of the involucre not scarious; plants pubescent or glabrous, not woolly. 23. Pluchea. 316 FLORA OF FEILADELFEIA. Bracts of the involucre scarious, mostly white or pink ; plants woolly. Plants dioecious or polygamo-dioecious. Pappus-bristles of staminate flowers thickened above. 24. Antennaria. Pappus-bristles not thickened; stem leafy. 25. Anaphalis. Plants not dioecious ; flowers all fertile. 26. Gnaphalium. Heada large; ray-flowers yellow. 27. Inula. Tribe 5. HELIANTHEAE. A. Disk-flowers perfect but sterile. Achenes thick, short, not flattened ; pappus none. 28. Folymnia. Achenes flattened. Ray-flowers in 2 or 3 series; achenes falling away free. 29. Silphmm. Ray-flowers in 1 series; achenes adnate to 2 or 3 scales of the re- ceptacle, falling away with them. 30. Chrysogonuvi,. B. Disk-flowers fertile. Ray-flowers persistent upon the achenes. 31. Heliopsis. Ray-flowers deciduous or none. Pappus a cup, or crown, or of a few teeth, awns, or bristles. Achenes, at least those of disk-flowers, not compressed (except in Verbesina) ; scales of the receptacle mostly concave, or clasping. Scales of the receptacle small ; awn-like or bristle-like ; rays white, short. 32. Eclipta. Scales of the receptacle broad, larger. Receptacle conic or columnar. 33. Rudbeckia. Receptacle flat or merely convex. Achenes not much flattened, not winged nor mar- gined. 34. Helianthus. Achenes of disk-flowers flattened and margined, or winged. 35. Verbesina. Achenes very flat; scales of the receptacle flat, or but slightly concave. Pappus of 2 short teeth or awns, or a mere border, or none. 36. Coreopsis. Pappus of 2-6 awns or teeth, upwardly or downwardly barbed or hispid. 37. Bidens. Pappus of numerous scales. 38. GaUnsoga. Tribe 6. HELENIEAE. Tribe 7. ANTHEMIDEAE. 39. Heleniuvi. Receptacle chaffy. Achenes flattened ; involucre obovoid to campanulate ; heads small. 40. Achillea. Achenes terete; involucre hemispheric; heads large. 41. Aiithemis. Receptacle not chaffy, naked, or sometimes hairy. 1. Ray-flowers usually present, sometimes wanting; rays large. Receptacle flat to hemispheric ; bracts of the involucre in several series. 42. Chrysanthemum. Receptacle conic to ovoid ; bracts in few series ; rays white or none. 43. Matricaria. 2. Ray-flowers none; heads small. Heads corymbed; pappus a short crown; flowers yellow. 44. Tanacetum. COMFOSITAE. 317 Heads racemose, spicate, or panicled; pappus none. 45. Artemisia. Tribe 8. SENECIONEAE. Leaves all basal; heads on scapes. Heads solitary; flowers yellow. 46. Tussilago. Heads corymbed; flowers white or purple. 47. Petasites. Leaves opposite; rays yellow. 48. Arnica. Leaves alternate. Flowers white, whitish or pinkish; rays none. Marginal flowers pistillate ; disk-flowers perfect. 49. Erechtites. Flowers all j^erfect. Involucre of about 5 bracts; sap milky. 50. Mesadenia. Involucre of about 12 bracts and several smaller outer ones. 51. Synosma. Flowers yellow ; ray-flowers mostly present. 52. Senecio. Tribe 9. CYNAREAE. Achenes inserted on the receptacle by their bases, not oblique. Receptacle densely bristly. Involucral bracts hooked at the tip; leaves not bristly. 53. Arctium. Involucral bracts not hooked; leaves bristly. 54. Carduus. Receptacle fleshy, not bristly. 55. Onopordon. Achenes obliquely inserted on the receptacle. 56. Centaurea. 1. VERNONIA Schreb. Iron-weed. Involucral bracts with subulate, spreading tips; leaves lanceolate. 1, V. Noveboracensis. Involucral bracts short, mucronate, or the upper obtuse ; leaves broadly oval or obovate. 2. V. glauca. 1. Vernonia Noveboracensis (L.) Willd. M. p. 918. Low ground. Summer. 2. Vernonia glauca (L.) Britton. M. p. 919. Woods. Summer. 2. ELEPHANTOPUS L. 1. Elephantopus Carolinianus Willd. Elepluint's-foot. M. p. 020. Dry woods. Autumn. Delaware— Chester, Button's Mills (Fu.), Williamson, Dr. Emily G. Hunt (He.), Lansdowne (Pe.), Bridgewater (S. Tr.). Lancaster— Feaeh Bottom (Ca.), McCall's Ferry (Cr.), Susquehanna Valley (Le.). Nerv Castle — Common. 3. SCLEROLEPIS Cass. 1. Sclerolepis uniflora (Walt.) Porter. M. p. 920. Pine-barrens. Sum- mer. Burlington — (Quaker Bridge. Cape May — Woodbine (Br.), Cape May (Te.). Atla^itic-UsLmmontoTi, Egg Harbor (U. C. S.) (Sts.). New Castle — Near Sassafras X-roads, Commons. 4. EUPATORIUM L. Thoroughwtort. ^Leaves alternate, pinnatifid into filiform segments. 1. E. capillifolium. 318 FLOBA OF PHILADELPRIA. **Leaves petioled, verticillate in 3's-6's, or the upper opposite. Leaves rugose, pubescent; inflorescence depressed. 2. E. maculatum. Leaves nearly glabrous ; inflorescence pyramidal. Leaves sharply serrate. 3. E. imrpureum. Leaves crenate. 4. E. trifoliatum. ***Leaves opposite (rarely in 3 's) or the uppermost alternate. flnvolucral bracts imbricated in 2 or more series, the outer shorter. Leaves, at least the lower, slender-petioled. 5. E. serotinum. Leaves all sessile, short-petioled or connate-perfoliate. Leaves not clasping nor connate-perfoliate. Leaves narrowed at the base. Bracts of the involucre acute or cuspidate. Leaves linear-lanceolate, coarsely toothed, 4-12 mm. wide. 6. E. leucolepis. Leaves oblong to lanceolate, coarsely toothed, 1-4 cm. wide. 7. E. album. Bracts of the involucre obtuse. Leaves linear, crowded, usually entire, obtuse. 8. E. hyssopifolmm. Leaves lanceolate, oval or oblong, usually serrate. 9. E. Torreijaniim. Leaves rounded, obtuse or truncate at the base. Plant glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate. 10. E. sessilifoUum. Plants pubescent ; leaves ovate to oblong, acute or obtuse. Leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate, mostly rounded at the base, usually obtuse. 11. E. verhenaefoUum. Leaves broadly ovate, crenate-dentate, mostly truncate at the base, obtusish. 12. E. rotundifolium. Leaves ovate, dentate, acute. 13. E. puheficens. Leaves clasping or connate-perfoliate at the base. Leaves connate-perfoliate ; involucral bracts acute. 14. E. perfoliatum. Leaves merely clasping ; involucral bracts obtuse. 15. E. resinosuni. fflnvolucral bracts in 1 or 2 series, all equal or nearly so. Eeceptacle flat ; flowers white. Leaves thin, 5-12 cm. long, sharply dentate, acuminate. 16. E. ageratoides. Leaves thickish, 2-5 em. long, blunt-toothed, acute or obtusish. 17. E. aromaticum. Eeceptacle conic; flowers blue or violet. 18. E. coelestinum. 1. EuPATORiuM CAPiLLiFOLiuM (Lam.) Small. Dog-foinel. M. p. 921. Bal- last. Autimm. Philadelphia— Fhiladelphia Navy Yard, C. F. Parker (B. C). 2. EuPATORiuM MACULATUM L. Joe-pye-iveed. M. p. 921. Moist soil. Late summer. 3. EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM L. Joe-pye-weed, Trumpet-weed. M. p. 921. Low grounds. Late summer. 4. EUPATORIUM TRIFOLIATUM L. M. p. 921. Moist soil. Summer. Delaware — Tinicum, Br. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Northampton — Easton, Dr. T. C Porter (B. Sm.). 5. EUPATORIUM SEROTINUM Michx. M. p. 922. Ballast. Autumn. P;u?adeZ/7/iia— Philadelphia Navy Yard, C. F. Parker (B. C). Dela- ware— Darby Creek, Adingham (St.). 6. EUPATORIUM LEUCOLEPIS T. & G. M. p. 922. Sandy bogs. Late summer. COMFOSITAE. 319 Burlington— Quaker Bridge (C.)- Camden— Atco (Ft.). Atlantic— Mullica River (C), Hammouton (Cr.) (He.), Egg Harbor. Cape May— "Woodbine (VP.). Ocean— Forked Eiver, Manchester (C), Tuckerton, (W. Tr.). 7. EuPATORiuM ALBUM L. M. p. 922. Sandy and barren places. Late summer. New Jersey — Pine-barrens, frequent. New Cast ie— Newark, Kilvington; P. Clarke's (road to Christiania), Tatnall; Townsend, Canhy. la. EuPATORiuM ALBUM suBVENOSUM A. Gray. M. p. 922. Sandy and bar- ren places. Late summer. Burlington — Aision, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Atlantic — V-Amoa.'st Mills (C). 8. EUPATORIUM HYSSOPIFOLIUM L. M. p. 922. Sterile soil. Late summer. Delaware— Thaichev's Swamp (Fu.), Chad's Ford (Te.). Lancaster— Lancaster, Mart. (B. C), McCall's Ferry (Ca.). New Jersey — Pine-barrens, frequent. Nexo Castie— Cedar Swamp, Sassafras X-roads, Commons; Brandywine Head, Naylor's (now Lea's). 9. EUPATORIUM ToRREYANUM Short. M. p. 922. Dry soil. Summer. Lancaster — {Y .) . 10. EUPATORIUM SESSiLiFOLiUM L. Upland Boneset. M. p. 922. Copses and banks. Late summer. 11. EUPATORIUM VERBENAEFOLiUM Michx. M. p. 923. Moist soil. Late summer. BttcAs — Tullytown (Cr.), near Bristol (Fr.). Delatvar e — 1im.Q,\\m (B. Sm.). Chester— {'P.). Lancaster— {P.). LeM^/t— Black River, Sals- burg (Kr.). Northampton — (P.). New Jersey — Frequent, especially near the coast. New Castle— Frequent. 11a. EUPATORIUM VERBENAEFOLIUM Saundersii Portcr. M. p. 923. Low grounds. Late summer. Montgomery— 'Willow Grove (Sa.). Delaware— Tinicum (P.). 12. EUPATORIUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM L. M. p. 923. Dry soil. Summer. Bucks— Bristol (Fr.). Montgomery— (F.). Delaware— Tiuicum, Rid- ley, Darby (Fu.). Lancaster— (F.). New Jersey — Pine-barrens, frequent. New Castle— Not rare. 13. EUPATORIUM PUBESCENS Muhl. M. p. 923. Dry soil. Summer. Montgomery— Edge Hill (Re.). Delaware— Tinieum (W. Tr.). Lan- caster— York Furnace (Ke.). Burlington— Atsion (Le.), Moorestown (Sts.). Cawde?i— Clementon (Ja.), Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). ySa^em— Jericho (C). Cumberland— Bridgeton (C). Atlantic— Hammonton (Cr.), New Germany (Fr.), Egg Harbor (Wn.). Ocean— Toms River (Ha.). MonmouthSea Girt (C). New Castle Sta,iiton, Michener; Ogletown. 320 FLORA OF PEILADKLFHIA. 14. EuPATORiUM PERPOLiATUM L. Boveset. M. p. 923. Low grounds. Summer. 15. EuPATORiUM RESiNOSUM Torr. M. p. 923. Wet pine-barreus. Late summer. Burlington — Atsion, Bear Swamp (St.), Brown Mills (Sts.). Camden — Atco (He.), Ancora (Li.). Gloucester- — Malaga (C). Atlantic — Hammonton, New Germany (Fr.), May's Landing (Le.), Egg Harbor (Wn.). Oceoji— Manchester, Whiting (C), Toms Eiver, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Forked River (Ja.). Mo7imouth— Ocean Beach (C). 16. EUPATORIUM AGERATOiDEs L. f. White Snake-root. M. p. 923. Rich woods. Summer and autumn. 17. EUPATORIUM AROMATICUM L. M. p. 924. Dry soil and copses near the coast. Late summer. Montgo7nery—{P.). Delaware— On serpentine, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Williamson (Ja.) (Wn.). Chester —On serpentine, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), West Nottingham Twp. (Le.). Lancaster— York Furnace (Cr.). Dau- phin—Steelton (Wn.). Burlington— Burlington, Pemberton (C), Medford (Sts.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic— Ashland (C). MonmouthSquan Vil- lage, Freehold (C). New Castle — Not common. 18. EUPATORIUM COELESTINUM L. M ist-flotver. M. p. 924. Moist soil. Autumn, Philadelphia— Byherry, Mart. (B.C.). iiwcA:s— Rock Hill (Fr.). Dela- ware—Media (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— York Fur- nace, Susquehanna Valley (Le.), Columbia (Pe.), Safe Harbor (Wn.). G/oMcester— Swedesboro (Li.). Cape Moi/— Cape May. New Castle— Red Clay Creek, McMinns, Elliott's Run, Tatnall; between Chestnut and Iron Hill, Commons and Tatriall ; between Townsend and Vandyke, Commons and Tatnall. 5. WILLUGBAEYA Neck. 1. Wii.LUGBAEYA SCANDENS (L.) Kuntze. Climbing Boneset. M. p. 924. Copses along streams. Summer. 6. KUHNIA L. 1. KuHNiA EUPATORioiDES L. M. p. 925. Dry soil. Autumn. Philadelphia— Brook's Mills (W. Tr.). Montgomery— l^iorrisXoYin, E. Diffenbaugh (B. C), Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware— Radnor, John Evans (B. Sm.). Chester— On Valley Creek (Pr.). Lancaster — Near Lancaster (Ca.). Lehigh— {P.). Nortlmmpton — 'Easton, Porter (B. C). Burlington— Birmingham (C), Medford (St.). Atlantic— ^gg Har- bor, /. Burk (He.). Middlesex— '^e'w Brunswick (C). 7. LACINARIA Hill. Button Snakeroot. Blazing-star. Involucre hemispheric, 10-25 mm. broad; 15-45-flowered; heads peduncled. 1. L. scariosa. Involucre oblong, 4-8 mm. broad, 5-15-flowered. 2, L. spicata. Involucre narrowed at base ; bracts usually very punctate ; heads peduncled. 3. L. graniiuifolia. COMPOSITAE. 321 1. Lacinaria scariosa (L.) Hill. M. p. 926. Dry soil. Autumn. Berks— CP.). Atlantic— Hammonton (Cr.). Monmouth — Kejjiort (C). New Castle— Fulton's Mills. 2. Lacinaria spicata (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 926. Moist grounds. Autumn. Philadelphia— GeTmantoyvn, extinct? (Me.). Bucks— B.oek Hill (Fr.), Upper Black Eddy, Ringing Rocks (Ws.). Montgomery— SchwerikaviWe (Kr.). Petau-are— Thatcher's Swamp (Fu.), barrens of Middletown (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Williamson (Wn.). Chester— W. Bradford Twp. (St.). La7icnster— York Furnace (Ke.). Berts— (P.). North- ampton— (P.). Neiv Jersey — Common in pine-barrens. New Castle — Scarce. 3. Lacinaria graminifolia pilosa (Ait.) Britton. M. p. 927. Sajidy soiL Autumn. New Jersey— Frequent in pine-barrens. New Castle— East of St. George's, Canby and Tatnall. 8. GRINDELIA Willd. 1. Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh.) Dunal. Gum-plant. M. p. 928. Intro- duced from the West. Summer. Philadelphia— Girar A Point (Cr.). Gloucester — Harrisonville (Li.). 9. HETEROTHECA Cass. 1. HETEROTHECA suBAXiLLARis (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby. M. p. 929. Baliaat. Summer. Philadelphia — Philadelphia Navy Yard, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). 10. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. Golden Aster. Leaves elongated-linear, parallel-veined; achenes linear; involucre campan- ulate. 1. C. falcata. Leaves oblong, lanceolate or linear, pinnately veined; achenes obovate or oval; involucre hemispheric. 2. C. Mariana. 1. Chrysopsis falcata (Pursh.) Nutt. M. p. 929. Dry, sandy soil. Autumn. Burlington— Batata (C), Quaker Bridge (Fr.) (Pe.), Atsion (Le.). Atlantic— Atlantic City, Mart. (B. C), Pleasant Mills, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Ocea7i — Toms River (Br.). 2. Cheysopsis Mariana (L.) Nutt. M. p. 930. Dry soil. Autumn. 11. SOLIDAGO L. GoLDENROD. A. Tips of the involucral bracts, or some of them, spreading or recurved. Lea%'es glabrous or glabrate, 1-2.5 dm. long. 1. S. squarrosa. B. Tips of the involucral bracts all erect and appressed. Heads in axillary clusters, or also in a terminal spike-like, sometimes branched thyrsus. 322 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 1. Heads 4-6 mm. high, chiefly in axillary clusters; achenes pubescent. Stem and branches terete ; leaves lanceolate to oblong. 2. S. caesia. Stem and branches grooved and angled. 3. S. flexicaulis. 2. Heads 4-6 mm. high, chiefly in a terminal spike-like thyrsus; achenes gla- brous or nearly so. Eays white, stem pubescent. 4. S. bicolor. Rays yellow ; stem densely pubescent. 5. S. hispida. Rays yellow ; stem glabrous or sjiaringly pubescent ; leaves thick. 6. S. erecta. Heads in a terminal simple or branched thyrsus, not at all secund on its branches, or scarcely so. Bracts of the involucre acute or acutish. 7. S. puberula. Bracts of the involucre obtuse (or the inner acutish in No. 8). Upper leaves abruptly smaller than the lower, appressed. 8. S. stricta. Leaves gradually smaller upward, spreading or ascending. Lower leaves large, oblong or oval, acute or obtusish. 9. S. speciosa. Basal leaves narrowly spatvilate. 10. S. Purshii. Heads in a terminal, usually large panicle, secund on its spreading or recurved branches. Plant maritime; leaves thick, fleshy, entire. 11. S. sempervirens. Plants not maritime; leaves not fleshy. 1. Leaves pinnately veined, not triple-nerved. Leaves all entire, thin and glabrous. 12. S. odora. Leaves, at least the lower, more or less dentate or serrate. Stem densely pubescent ; leaves more or less so. Leaves rugose-veiny beneath, sharply serrate. 13. S. rugosa. Leaves not rugose, sparingly dentate or entire. 14. S. flstulosa. Stem glabrous, or puberulent, or pubescent only above. Leaves very scabrous on the upper surface, serrulate. 15. S. patula. Leaves smooth, or minutely roughened on the upper surface (pubes- cent in forms of No. 19). Racemes few, widely divergent, very slender. 16. S. ulmifolia. Racemes numerous, spreading, recurved, or ascending. Leaves all oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sessile. 17. S. Elliottii. At least the lower leaves petioled, lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate. Leaves firm, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; heads about 4 mm. high ; racemes short ; rays sev- eral. 18. S. neglecta. Leaves firm, lanceolate or oval-lanceolate ; heads 3-4 mm. high ; racemes numerous, slender. 19. S. juncea. Leaves thin, the lower broadly ovate, short-acuminate ; heads 5-7 mm. high ; racemes numerous. 20. S. arguta. S. Leaves triple-nei'ved, i. e., tvith a pair of lateral veins stronger than the others, these often obscure in No. 23. Stem glabrous; bracts of the involucre oJ)tuse. 21. 8. serotina. Stem pubescent or scabrous. Leaves lanceolate, sharply serrate or entire, rough above. 22. S. Canadensis. Leaves oblanceolate, spatulate, oblong or oval; the lower crenate. 23. S. nemoralis. Heads in a tenninal, corymbiform, sometimes thyrsoid cyme, form- ing a flat-top23ed inflorescence. 24. S. rigida. COMPOSITJE. 323 1. SOLIDAGO SQUARROSA Muhl. M. p. 935. Rocky soil. Aiituuiu. Philadelphia— 'Wissahickon, Mart. (B. C). jBucfes— Nockamixon, near Point Pleasant (Fr.). MojitgomeryShannonville (Cr.), Sumneytown (VP.). Delaicare—'Rockdale, Concord (Fu.), Wawa (He.). Chester— Valley Forge (Re.), Phcenixville (Sa.), W. Bradford Twp. (St.). Lan- caster— York Furnace (Ke.). Le7ii^/i— Laurel Hill, near Whitehall (Kr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin — Near Harrisburg (Wn.). Gloucester— WestviWe (Le.). Eunterdon—MMord, Prawlsville, Lara- bertville (C). New Castle— Speakmans, Mount Cuba, Commons. 2. SoLiDAGO CAESiA L. M. p. 935. Rich woodlands. Autumn. 2a. SOLIDAGO CAESIA AXILLARIS (Pursh.) A. Gray. M. p. 936. Rich wood- lands. Autumn. BwcAs— Sellersville (Fr.). New Castle— With, type, common. 3. SoLiDAGO FLEXiCAULis L. M. p. 936. Moist, shaded banks. Summer. Philadelphia — Wissahickon, Woodlands Cemetery (Gi.), Shawmont (Sa.), Fairmount Park (Wn.). jBmcAs— Seller sville, Bedminster (Fr.), Narrowsville (Mac). Movii^omerj/— Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware — Wawa (Ke.), Lansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Wallingford (Wn.). Chester— (F.). Lan- caster— (P.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B.C.). Dauphin — Steel- ton (Wn.). Mercer — Princeton (C). Hunterdon — Brookville, Rosemont (C). Neiv Cas< ie— Frequent. 4. SoLiDAGO BicoLOR L. M. p. 936. Dry copses. Summer. 5. SoLiDAGO HISPIDA Muhl. M. p. 936. Dry copses. Autumn. Bucks — Buckingham (Ke.). Delaware — Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Lancaster— CP.). Northampton — Easton, Mart. (B. C). Cainden — Berlin (Te.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic^ Hammonton, May's Landing (C), Absecon (Ja.) (U. C. S.), Egg Harbor (Re.). Oceaji— Toms River (C). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C). 6. SOLIDAGO ERECTA Pursh. M. p. 936. Dry soil. Autumn. Burlington — Bear Swamp (St.). Camden — Clementon (VP.). 7. SoLiDAGO PUBERULA Nutt. M. p. 936. Sandy soil. Autumn. Montgomery — Near Bryn Mawr (Le.). Chester — Valley Forge (Cr.), W. Bradford Twp. (St.), Strafford (VP.). Lancaster— (P.). Burlington— Brown Mills Junction (Sa.), Taunton (Sts.), Atsion, Pem- berton (Te.). Camden — Clementon (VP.). Gloucester — Mantua, near Mickleton (He.). Cape May— Anglesea (Li.). Atlantic— Egg Harbor, New Germany (Fr.), Hammonton (Pr.), Absecon (U. C. S.), Elwood (Te.). Ocea?! — Toms River. 8. SoLiDAGO STRICTA Ait. M. p. 937. Damp pine-barrens. Autmun. Burlington— Atsion, Quaker Bridge (C), Woodmansie (Sa.). Camden — Winslow (C). Cape May— Anglesea (U. C. S.). Atlantic— Egg Har- bor, Hammonton (Cr.) (Ke.). Ocean — Forked River (Mac), West Creek (St.). 324 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 9. SOLIDAGO SPECIOSA Nutt. M. p. 937. Rich soil. Autuum. Philadelphia— M^n^Siyank, Mart. (B. C). jBm6*As— Nockamixon (Ja.). Montgomery— 1y J Rock, Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware— Tinicum (P.). CTiesier— Phoenixville, Mart. (B. C), north of Coatesville (St.). Lan- cO'Ster — (P.). Northampton — (P.). Camde?!— Cedar Brook (Cr.), near Gloucester (Sa.). Gloucester— "^eaj Mickleton (He.). Hunterdon— Stockton (C). New Castle — Vandyke, Commons and Tatnall. 10. SOLIDAGO PuRSHii Porter. M. p. 937. Rocky banks. Summer. Lancaster— McCaW 'a Ferry, Porter (B. C). 11. SOLIDAGO SEMPERviRENS L. M. p. 938. Sandy soil near the shore. Autumn. Bucks — Penn Valley (Gr.). Delaware— Tmiavim, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle — Delaware River near the Lighthouse. Scarce. 12. SoLiDAGO ODORA Ait. Stveet Goldenrod. M. p. 938. Dry soil. Summer. 13. SoLiDAGO RUGOSA Mill. M. p. 938. Borders of fields and copses. Sum- mer and fall. 14. SOLIDAGO FISTULOSA Mill. M. p. 938. Low grounds in pine-barrens. Autumn. Burlington— Atsion, Woodmansie (Sa.). Ca?nde«— Haddonfield (Cr.). Gloucester— Malaga, Clarksboro (C), Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May— Anglesea (He.). Atlantic— ^gg Harbor, Hammonton (Fr.). Ocean— Toms River, Bay Head (C), Forked River (Ja.). 15. SoLiDAGO PATULA Muhl. M. p. 939. Swamps. Autumn. ^Mcfrs— Springfield, Moyer (P.). Deiawwe— Springfield, Thomas Pow- ell's, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Tinicum (St.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— Westtown (Le.), W. Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancas- ter—{V.). Northampton— {P.). Gloucester— Near Mickleton (He.). Salem— Woodstowa (Wa.). Mon- mouth—Freehold (C). New Castle — Christiana, Tatnall; Centerville, Commons. 16. SoLiDAGO ULMiFOLiA Muhl. M. p. 939. Woods and copses. Summer. 17. SOLIDAGO Elliottii T. & G. M. p. 939. Swamps. Autumn. Lancaster— New Texas, very rare (Ca.). Burli^igton-BTOwn Mills (Sts.). Mercer— Trenton (C). 18. SoLiDAGO NEGLECTA T. & G. M. p. 939. Swamps. Autumn. Bucks — Near Bristol (Fr,). Delaware — Haver ford College (Le.), Swarthmore (B. Sm.), Tinicum (St.). Burlington— (Quaker Bridge (Pe.), Brown Mills (Sts.). Camden — Lin- denwold (VP.). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Ocean -— Tuckerton (W. Tr.). Middlesex— South River, South Amboy (C.). New Castle — General and frequent. 19. SOLIDAGO JUNCEA Ait. M. p. 939. Dry or rocky soil. Summer and fall. Philadelphia — Shawmont (VP.). Bucks — Argus (Fr.), Nockamixon (Ja.). Chester— W. Bradford Twp. (St.). /va«ca.vier— McCall's Ferry COMPOSITAE. 325 (Ca.), Fites' Eddy (Le.), Paradise (St.). Northampton— Ylaaton, Porter (B. C). New Jersey/— General. New Castle— Ahove Eockland. Frequent. 20. SoLiDAGO ARGUTA Ait. M. p. 939. Copses and moist woods. Summer and fall. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C), Shawmont (Sa.). Bucks — Hoot's Mill (Fr.), Rushland by Neshaminy (Ws.). Montgomery— Vfjnd- moor (Re.). Delaware— Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— Y alley Forge, W. Bradford (St.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — Easton (P.). Gloucester— Mullica Hill (C). Hunterdon — Sergeantsville (C). Netv Castle — Thompson's. Frequent. 21. SOLIDAOO SEROTINA Ait. M. p. 940. Moist soil. Autumn. 21a. SoLiDAGO SEROTINA GIGANTEA (Ait.) A. Gray. M. p. 940. Moist soil. Autumn. 22. SoLiDAGO Canadensis L. M. p. 940. Borders of thickets and fields. Autumn. 23. SoLiDAGO NEMOKALis Ait. M. p. 940. Dry, sterile fields. Summer and autumn. 24. SoLiDAGO RiGiDA L. M. p. 941. Dry soil. Autumn. J5ttcA;s— Perkasie (Fr.). Montgomery— Green Lane (VP.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster — Pleasant Grove (Ca.) (Pr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (Fu.). Atlantic— 'Eigg Harbor (Wn.). iZM«ferdo«— Lambertville (C). 12. EUTHAMIA Nutt. Leaves distinctly 3-5-nerved; ray-flowers 12-20. 1. E. graminifolia. Leaves 1-nerved, or with a pair of indistinct lateral nerves; ray-flowers 5-10. 2. E. Caroliniana. 1. EuTHAMiA GRAMINIFOLIA (L.) Nutt. M. p. 942. Moist soil. SuuimeT and fall. 2. EuTHAMiA Caroliniana (L.) Greene. M. p. 942. Sandy fields. Autumn. Bucks— Bristol (P.), TuUytown (Fr.). Montgomery— {P.). Delaware — Fern wood, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Le/((gr/i— Salisbury (Kr.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle — Collins' Beach, Commons. 13. BELLIS L. 1. Bellis perennis L. European Daisy. M. p. 943. Cultivated and spreading from beds. Spring to fall. 14. BOLTON I A L 'Her. 1. BoLTONiA ASTEROiDES (L.) L'Her. M. p. 945. Moist soil. Summer and fall. Lancaster — Peach Bottom, York Furnace, Columbia (Pe.) (Wn.). Dauphin — Harrisburg (Me.), Steelton (Wn.). 326 FLOBA OF PHILADELFHIA. 15. SERICOCAEPUS Nees. White-topped Aster. Leaves entire, linear, spatulate or obovate, rigid. 1. S. linifolius. Leaves dentate, oblong or obovate, thin. 2. S. asteroicles. 1. Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) B. S. p. M. p. 946. Dry, usually sandy soil. Summer and fall. Philadelphia— Germantown (Me.). Bucks— Bristol, Doylestown, A. S. Martin (Fr.). Montgomery— WiWow Grove (VP.). Delaware— IJpiier Darby, below Llanerch (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). C/;esiew Texas (P.). 32. Aster Pringlei (A. Gray) Britton. M. p. 963. Banks, especially in rocky places. Autumn. Lancaster — Along Susquehanna (P.). Dauphin — Harrisburg (P.). 33. Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britton. M. p. 963. Thickets, fields, etc. Autumn. 33a. Aster lateriflorus glomerellus (T. & G.) Burgess. M. p. 964. Thickets, fields, etc. Autumn. Lancaster— (F.). Northampton— (F.). Dauphin— (F.). 33b. Aster lateriflorus thyrsoideus (A. Gray) Sheldon. M. p. 964. Thickets, fields, etc. Autumn. Bucks— (F.). Northampton — (F.). Camden— Delair (Ja.). Cape May— Sea Isle (He.). 33c. Aster lateriflorus grandis Porter. M. p. 964. Fields, thickets, etc. Autumn. Northampton — (P.) . 332 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. 33d. Aster latkkiflorus pendulus (Ait.) Burgess. M. p. 964. Fields, thickets, etc. Autumn. Lancaster — (P.). 33e. Aster lateriflorus horizontalis (Desf.) Burgess. M. p. 964. Fields, thickets, etc. Autumn. Northampton — (P.) . 34. Aster vimineus Lam. M. p. 964. Moist banks. Autumn. Philadelphia— West Philadelphia (Mac), Pennypack (Ee.). Bucks- Rock Hill, Point Pleasant (Fr.), Tullytown (U. C. S.). Deiaware— Wil- liamson (Ja.), Wawa (Ke.), Swarthmore (Pr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — (P.) . Camden — Delair (Ja.), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester — Swedeahoro (Li.). /Sa^em— Eiddleton (Li.) (Wa.). Hunterdon— 'Rosemont (C). 34o. Aster vimineus Columbianus Britton. M. p. 964. Moist banks. Autumn. Philadelphia— (P.). NortJiampton- (P.). 35. Aster multiflorus Ait. M. p. 964. Dry, sandy soil. Autumn. Philadelphia — West Philadelphia (Mac). Buclis — Upper Black Eddy (Ws.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware — Williamson (Ja.). Lancaster — McCall 's Ferry (Ca.). Nortliampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). CamdeM— Merchantville (Te.). Cape May—C&Tpe May (Ja.). Mon- mouth— Monmouth Beach (C). New Castle — Col. Andrews'. 36. Aster tenuifolius L. M. p. 965. Salt marshes. Autumn. New Jersey — Common along the coast. New Castle — Thompson's. Scarce. 37. Aster subulatus Michx. M. p. 965. Salt marshes on the co:ust. Autumn. Philadelphia — ( P. ) . New Jersey — General. New Castle — Collins' Beach, Commons; railroad wharf, Canby; south side near Market Street. 17. ERIGERON L. Fleabane. Heads 25-37 mm. broad, few; stem simple. 1. E. pulchellus. Heads 12-25 mm. broad, numerous; stem branched. Rays 100-150, narrow, mostly purple or violet. 2. E. PhiladelphicU'S. Rays much less numerous, purplish or white. Stem-leaves lanceolate, nearly all sharply serrate. 3. E. annuus. Stem-leaves linear-lanceolate or oblong, nearly all entire. 4. E. racemosus. 1. Erigeron pulchellus Michx. Eohin's Plantain. M. p. 968. Copses and moist banks. Spring. 2. Erigeron Philadelphicus L. M. p. 968. Fields and woods. Spring. Philadelphia— WooAlsjids, Cemetery (Gi.), Shay's Lane, Roxboro (Je.), Fairmount Park (Te.). Bwcfcs — Tullytown (Cr.) (Ja.), Argus (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.), Point Pleasant by river shore (Ws.). Delaware— Haverford College (Le.), Lansdowne (Pe.), near Swarthmore (Pr.), Val- COMPOSITAE. 333 ley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— Falls of French Creek (Ja.), Devon (U. C. S.)- Lancaster — York Furnace, Dr. J. B. Brinton (B. C.)- Northampton— "EiSiston, Porter (B. C.)- Dauphin— Steelton (Wn.). Hunterdon — Pittstown, Rosemont (C.)- Mercer — Trenton. New Castle — Eastburn 's, Harvey's. Scarce. 3. Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Daisy Fleabane. M, p. 969. Fields and waste places. Spring to fall. 4. Erigeron BAMOSUS (Walt.) B. S. P. Daisy Fleabane. M. p. 969. Fields. Spring to fall. 18. LEPTILON Raf. 1. Leptilon Canadense (L.) Britton. Horse-weed. M. p. 970. Cultivated ground and waste places. Spring to fall. 19. DOELLINGERIA Nees. Leaves lanceolate to ovate ; heads mostly numerous. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate. 1. D. umbellata. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute. 2. D. humilis. Leaves, at least the lower, obovate; heads commonly few. 3. D. infirma. 1. DOELLINGERIA UMBELLATA (Mill.) Nees. M. p. 970. Moist thickets. Summer and fall. 2. DOELLINGERIA HUMILIS (Willd.) Britton. M. p. 970. Moist soil. Late summer. Delaware— Davhy (Fu.). Laricaster- (P.) . Atlantic— Maj 'a Landing (C), Egg Harbor (Mac). 3. DOELLINGERIA INFIRMA (Michx.) Greene. M. p. 970. Open woodlands. Autumn. Philadelphia— West Fairmount Park (Mac). Bucks— Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware— Darhj, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Wawa, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton — (P.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Mercer — Tren- ton (C). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C). New Castle — Hand's, Allapokas Hills. Rather scarce. 20. lONACTIS Greene. 1. loNACTis LiNARiiFOLius (L.) Greene. M. p. 971. Dry soil. Summer and fall. 21. BACCHARIS L. 1. Baccharis halimipolia L. Groundsel-tree. M. p. 971. Salt marshes and along tidal rivers. Autumn, Delaware— Cxum. Creek, C. E. Smith (B. C), mouth of Ridley Creek (Fu.), Marple, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (W. Tr.), Haverford near West Chester Pike, Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Williamson, one plant (Wn.). Lan- caster—Once found at Pleasant Grove (Ca.). New Jersey— Common. New Castle — Giant's Cave, Tatnall; Iron Hill, Cherry Island, Commons and Tatnall ; common at Collins '. 334 FLOEA OF PHILADELPHIA. 22. GIFOLA Cass. 1. GiFOLA Germanica (L.) Dumort. Herba-ivipia. M. p. 972. Dry fields. Summer. Philadelphia — (P.). Bucks — Bedminster Cemetery (Fr.). Delaware — Haverford, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster — (P.). Camden — Ballast (C). Monmouth — Shrewsbury (C). New CasiZe— John Talley's. 23. PLUCHEA Cass. Marsh Fleabane. Perennial; leaves sessile, cordate, or clasping at the base. 1. P. foetida. Annual; leaves, at least those of the stem, petioled. 2. P. camphorata. 1. Pluchea foetida (L.) B. S. P. M. p. 973. Swamps. Summer. Cape May — Cape May (Ja.). 2. Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. M. p. 973. Salt marshes. Autumn. Philadel2)hia—Mmm Street Wharf (Ja.). Buds— Bristol (P.). Neiv Jersey — Common. New Castle — Collins ' Beach. Rare. 24. ANTENNARIA Gaertn. Cat's-foot. Everlasting. Basal leaves small, 0.7-2 cm. long, 1-nerved or indistinctly 3-nerved. Basal leaves spatulate, usually abruptly mucronulate. 1. A. neodioica. Basal leaves obovate to oblanceolate, acute or obtuse. 2. A. neglecta. Basal leaves large, 2-12 cm. long, distinctly 3-nerved, sometimes 5-nerved, the lateral nerves also often prominent. Plants not glandular; leaves dull and woolly on the ux^per surface, at least when young. Involucre of the fertile plants 6-8 mm. high. 3. A. plantaginifolia. Involucre 8-10.5 mm. high. 4. A. fallax. Plants glandular, at least above. 5. A. Parlinii. 1. Antennaria neodioica Greene. M. p. 975. Dry, shaded places. Spring and early summer. 2. Antennaria neglecta Greene. M. p. 975. Fields and pastures. Spring. 3. Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards. M. p. 975. Sterile soil, especially in open woods. Spring. 4. Antennaria fallax Greene. M. p. 976. Dry soil. Spring. Mercer — Trenton. 5. Antennaria Parlinii Fernald. M. p. 976. Dry soil. Spring. BMc/i-s — Tullytown (P.). 25. ANAPHALIS DC. 1. Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. Pearly Everlasting. M. p. 977. Dry soil. Summer. 26. GNAPHALIUM L. Everlasting. Gudv^eed. Tall, erect ; inflorescence corymbose or paniculate ; pappus-bristles distinct. 1. G. obtusifolium. Low, diffuse ; inflorescence mostly capitate ; pappus-bristles distinct. 2. G. uUginosum. Slender, simple; heads spicate; pappus-bristles united at base, falling away in a ring. 3. G. purpureum. COMPOSITAE. 335 1. Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. Common Everlasting. M. p. 977. Fields. Autumn. 2. Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Low Cudweed. M. p. 978. Low grounds. Summer. 3. Gnaphalium purpureum L. M. p. 978. Sandy or gravelly soil. Sum- mer. Gnaphalium luteum album L. Ballast. Summer. Camden — Kaighu's Point (Ja.) (Wn.). 27. INULA L. 1. Inula Helenium L. Elecampane. M. p. 979. Roadsides and damp pastures. Summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C), Thorpe Lane, Wissahickon (VP.). Bucls—Bidge Valley (Fr.). Montgomery— Sha.nno-avil\e (Or.), above Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware — Near Elwyn (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Lax\)y (W. Tr.). C^tester— Marshallton (Pr.). Lancaster —CnV ley's (Br.), Tucquan (P.). Gloucester— NeaT Mickleton (He.). . 30. CHRYSOGONUM L. 1. Chrysogonum Virginianum L. M. p. 982. Dry soil. Spring and summer. Lancaster— {P.). 336 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 31. HELI0P8IS Pers. Ox-eye. Leaves smooth or nearly so; pappus none, or of 2-4 short teeth. 1. H. helianthoidea. Leaves rough; pappus crown-like, or of 1-3 sharp teeth. 2. H. scabra. 1. Heltopsis helianthoides (L.) B. S. p. M. p. 984. Banks and copses. Summer. Philadelphia—FaiTmount Park (Wu.). ^mcAs— Near Telford (Fr.), Narrowsville (Ja.). MoMt• ,^ Camden — Camden, I. Burk (He.). Carduus pycnocephalus L. Ballast. Summer. Camden — Kaighn's Point (Ja.). 55. ONOPORDON L. 1. Onopordon Acanthium L. Cotton or Scotch Thistle. M. p. 1034. Waste places. Summer. PMadeip/iia — Oakdale, Mart. (B. C), below Gray's Ferry (Wn.). Delaware— Haver ford (Wn.), shore of Delaware, Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Ca-mde/( — Ballast (C). Ocean — Point Pleasant (Wn.). Mercer — Trenton, Princeton (C). 56. CENTAUREA L. Bracts of the involucre lacerate or fimbriate, not spiny. Annual; pappus about the length of the achene. 1. C. Cyanus. Perennials ; pappus obsolete or short. 2. C. nigra. Bracts of the involucre tipped with stout, nearly simple spines. 3. C. Calcitrapa. 1. Centaurea Cyanus L. Bluebottle. M. p. 1035. Roadsides; escaped from cultivation. Summer. 2. Centaurea nigra L. Knapweed. M. p. 1035. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— Fnirwiunt Park on sides of Basin, 48th and Baltimore Ave. (B. Sm.). 346 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Camden — Kaighn 's Point. Gloucester — Mickleton (C). Mercer — Trenton (C). Middlesex— Woodhridge (C). New Casfie— Wilmington, Mart. (B. C). 3. Centaurea Calcitrapa L. Star Thistle. M. p. 1035. Waste places. Summer and fall. Philadelphia — Greenwich Point (Te.). Bucks — Tullytown (Ja.). Camden — Kaighn 's Point. Mercer — Trenton, Princeton (C). CoNiA TURBiNATA Pers. Ballast. V Camden — Kaighn 's Point. ScoLYMUS HisPANicus L. Ballast. Camden — Kaighn 's Point. INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Abama, 97 Abronia, 136 Abutilon, 221 Acalypha, 212 Acanthaceae, 296 Acer, 217 Aceraceae, 217 Acerates, 261 Achillea, 340 Achroanthes, 112 Acnida, 136 Acorus, 90 Actaea, 148 Adiantum, 9 Adicea, 126 Adlumia, 156 Adopogon, 308 Aegopodium, 241 Aesculus, 218 Aeschynomene, 199 Aethusa, 241 Agastache, 275 Agrimonia, 177 Agropyron, 55 Agrostemma, 138 Agrostis, 43 Ailanthus, 209 Aira, 45 Aizoaceae, 137 Aletris, 102 Alisma, 24 Alismaceae, 24 AUiai-la, 159 Allionia. 136 Allium, 100 Alnus, 121 Alopecurus, 42 Alsine, 140 Althaea, 220 Alyssum, 165 Amaranthaceae,135 Amaranthus, 135 Amaryllidaceae,105 Ambrosia, 313 Ambrosiaceae, 313 .\ iiiplanchier, 180 Ammodenia, 143 Ammophila, 45 Amorpha, 198 Amphicarpon, 32 Amsonia, 258 Amygdalus, 193 Anacardiaceae,215 Anagallis, 252 Anaphalis, 334 Audropogon, 31 Anemone, 149 Angelica, 242 Angiospermae, 20 Anonaceae, 146 Antennaria, 334 Anthemis, 340 Anthoxanthum, 39 Anychia, 143 Apera, 45 Apios, 204 Aplectrum, 113 Apocynaceae, 258 Apocynum, 258 Aquilegia, 149 Arabis, 1G4 Araceae, 89 Arales, 88 Aralia, 235 Araliaceae, 235 Arctium, 344 Atheropogon, 47 Atragene, 150 Atriplex, 134 Avena, 46 Azalea, 246 Baccharis, §33 Ballota, 277 Balsaminaceae, 218 Baptisia, 195 Barbarea, 161 I'.artonia, 257 Batrachium, 152 Bellis, 325 Benzoin, 154 Berberidaceae, 153 Berberis, 153 Betula, 120 Betulaceae, 120 Bicuculla, 156 Bidens, 338 Bignoniaceae, 296 Blephariglottis,108 Blephilia, 279 Blitum, 134 Boehmeria, 126 Arctostapl!ylos,248 Boltonia, 325 Arenaria, 142 Arethusa, 110 Argemone, 156 Argentina, 176 Arisaema, 89 Aristida, 40 Aristolochia, 128 Boraginaceae, 267 Botrychium, 7 Brachiaria, 33 Brachyelytrum, 42 Bradburya, 204 Bradleya, 198 Brasenia, 144 Aristolochiaceae,127 Brassica, 160 Aristolochiales, 127 Breweria, 263 Arnica, 342 Aronia, 179 Arrhenatherum, 46 Artemisia, 341 Arundinaria, 57 Asa rum, 127 Asclepiadaceae, 259 Buxaceae, 215 Asclepias, 259 Bromus. 54 Broussonetia, 125 Buchnera, 291 Bupleurum, 239 Bursa, 163 Butneria, 154 Ascyrum, 223 Asimina, 146 Asparagus, 102 Asperugo, 260 Asplenlum, 10 Aster, 326 Caliomba, 144 Cactaceae, 229 (liesalpinaceae,193 Oakile, 160 Calamagrostis, 44 Calamovilfa, 45 Callitrichaceae, 213 Callitriche, 213 Calluna, 248 Caltha, 147 Calycanthaceae,154 Camelina, 163 Cammarum, 148 Campanula, 306 Campanulaceae, 806 Campanulales, 305 Camptosorus, 11 Cannabis, 126 Capnoides, 157 Capparidaceae, 165 Caprifoliaceae, 301 Capriola, 46 Cardamine, 162 Carduus, 344 Carex, 69 Carpinus, 120 Carum, 240 Caryophyllaceae,137 Cassia, 193 Castalia, 145 Castilleja, 292 Castanea, 121 Catalpa, 296 Caulophyllum, 153 Ceanothus, 219 Celastraceae, 216 Celastrus, 216 Celtis, 125 Cenchrus, 39 Centaurea, 345 Cephalanthus, 299 Cerastium, 141 Ceratophyllaceae,145 Ceratophyllum, 145 Cercis, 193 Chaerophyllum, 239 Chaetoehloa, 3S Chamaecyparis, 20 Chamaedaphne, 247 Chamaelirium, 98 ("liamaenerion, 233 Cheilanthes. 10 Chelidonium, 156 Chelone, 288 Chenopodiaceae, 182 Chenopodiales, 132 (347) 348 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Chenopodium, 132 Chimaphila, 245 Chionanthus, 254 Choripetalae, 114 Chrosperma, 98 Cynanchum, 261 Cyuareae. Ml? Cynoglossum, 268 Cyperaceae. 57 Cyperiis, 57 Chrysanthemum, 340Cypripedium, 107 Chi-ysogonum, .">:55 Cytisus, 196 Chrysosplenium, 170 Chrysopsis, 321 Cichoriaceae, 307 Cichorium, 308 Cicuta, 240 Cimicifuga, 148 Cinna, 43 Clrcaea, 234 Cistaceae. 225 Cladium, <58 Cladrastis, 195 Claytonia, 137 Clematis, 149 Cleome, 165 Clethra. 244 Clethraceae, 244 Ciinopodium, 270 Clintonia, 102 Clltoria, 204 Colllnsia. 288 Collinsonia, 282 Comandra. 127 Commellna, 92 Commelinaceae, 92 Compositae, 314 Comptoiiia, 118 Conium, 239 Conopholis, 296 Convallaria, 103 Dactylls, 50 DactyloctPiiium, 48 Dalibarda, 175 Danthonia, 46 Dasystoma. 201 Datura, 285 Daucus, 242 Decodon, 230 Delphinium, 149 Dendrium, 247 Dennstaedtia, 14 Dentaria, 163 Deringa, 240 Deschampsia, 45 Diantbera. 207 Dianthus, 140 Diapeusiaceae, 250 Dicotyledones, 114 Diervilla, 304 Diodia, 290 Dioseorea, 105 Dloscoreaceae, 105 E>iospyros, 252 Diplachne, 48 Diplotaxis, 160 Dipsacaceae, 305 Dipsacus, 305 Dirca, 230 Convallariaeeae,102' Distichlis, 5i» Convolvulaceae, 263 Dodecatheon, 251 Convolvulus, 263 Coptis, 148 Corallorhiza, 113 Corema, 214 Coreopsis, 338 Coriiaceae, 243 Cornus. 243 Coronilla, 108 Coronopus. 159 Corylus. 120 Cracca. 198 Crassulaceae, 168 Crataegus, 180 Crepis, 311 Crotalaria, 195 Croton, 211 Crotonopsis, 211 Cruciferae, 157 Cubelium, 229 Cucurbitaceae, 305 Cunlla, 280 Cuscuta, 264 Cuscutaceae, 264 Cymbalaria, 287 Doelllngeria. 333 Dondia, 135 Draba, 164 Drosera, 166 Droseraceae, 166 Drupaceae, 191 Drymocallis, 175 Dryopteris. 12 Duchesnea, 175 Dullchium. 61 Eatonia, 49 Ebenaceae, 252 Bbenales, 252 Echinoehloa. 33 Echium, 271 Eclipta, 336 Elaeagnaceae, 230 Elaeagnus. 230 Elatinaceae, 225 Elatine. 225 Eleocharis, 61 Elephantopus. 317 Bleusine. 4S Klymus, 56 Empetraceae, 214 Epigaea, 248 Epilobium, 233 Equlsetaceae. 14 Equisetales, 14 Equisetum, 14 Eragrostis, 48 Erechtites, 342 Erianthus, 31 Ericaceae, 246 Bricales, 244 Brigeron, 332 Briocaulaceae, 91 Eriocaulon, 91 Eriophorum, 66 Erodium, 207 Eryngium, 238 Erysimum, 165 Erythraea, 255 Erythronlum, 101 Buonymus, 216 Bupatorium. 317 Euphorbia, 212 Eupborbiaceae. 211 Euthamia, 325 Fagaceae, 121 Fagales, 110 Pagopyrum, 120 Pagus, 121 Falcata, 204 Festuca, 53 Ficaria, 153 Filicales, 7 Filix, 13 Fimbristylis, 63 Ploerkea, 215 Foenieulum, 241 Fragaria, 175 Fraxinus, 253 Fuirena, 66 Fumaria, 157 Galaetia, 204 Galeopsis, 276 Galeorchis. 108 Galinsoga, 340 Galium, 200 Gamopetalae, 244 Gaultheria. 248 Gaura, 234 Gaylussacia. 248 (iemmingia. 106 Gentiana, 255 (Jentianaceae. 254 Gentianales, 253 Geraniaceao. 206 Geraniales. 205 Geranium. 206 Gerardia. 202 Geum, 176 Gifola, 334 Gilia, 266 Glaucium, 156 Glaux, 252 Glecoma, 276 Gleditsia, 104 Gnaphalium, 334 Gordonia, 222 Graminales, 26 Gramineae, 26 Gratiola, 289 Grindelia, 321 Grossulariaceae, 170 Gymnandeniopsisl08 Gymnocladus, 194 Gymnopogon, 47 Gymnospermae, 18 Gyrostachys, 111 Gyrotbeca, 105 Haemodoraceae. 105 Haloragidaceae. 234 Hamamelidaceae.l 71 Hamamelis, 171 Hedeoma, 270 Helenium, 340 Heleochloa, 42 Helianthemum. 225 Helianthus, 337 Heliopsis, 336 Heliotropium, 2()7 Helleborus, 148 Helonias, 08 Hemerocallis, lOo Hepatica,140 Heracleum, 242 Hesperis, 165 Pleteranthera, 93 Heterotheca, 321 Heuchera, 169 Hibiscus, 222 Hicoria, 119 Hieracium, 311 Hippocastana cene, Holcus, 45 1218 Holosteum, 141 Homalocenclir\is. .''.O Hordeum, 56 Hottonia, 250 Houstonia. 298 Hudsonia. 225 Humulus, 126 Hydrangea, 170 Hydrangea eeae. 170 Hydrastis, 147 Hydrocotyle, 237 Hydropbyllaceae,266 Hydrophyllura, 266 Hypericaceae, 223 Hypericum. 223 Hyoscyamus, 285 Hypopitys, 245 Hypoxis. 105 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 349 - Hyssopus, 279 Hystrix, 56 Ilfx. 215 llicaceae, 215 llicioides, 216 llysanthes, 289 Impatiens, 218 Inula, 835 lonactis, 333 Iporaaea, 263 Iridaceae, 106 Iris. 106 Isanthus, 273 Isuardia, 232 Isoetaceae, 17 Isoetes, 17 Isotria, 110 Itea, 170 Iteaceae, 170 Iva, 313 Jeffersonia, 154 Juglandaceae, 118 .Tnslandales, 118 Jnglans, 118 Juncaceae, 93 Jiincoides, 97 .Itinciis, 94 Juaiperus, 20 Jiissiaea, 232 Kalmia, 247 Kickxia, 287 Kneiffla, 233 Koellia, 279 Koniga, 165 Kosteletzkya, 221 Kuhnia, 320 Labiatae, 272 Lacinarla, 320 Lactuca, 309 Lamium, 276 Lappula, 268 Lapsana, 308 Lathyrus, 203 Lauraceae, 154 Lechea, 226 Lemna, 90 Lemnaceae, 90 Lentibulariaceae,293 Leontodon, 308 Leonurus, 276 Lepidium, 158 I>eptamnium, 296 Leptandra, 291 Leptilon, 333 Leptorchis, 112 Lespedeza, 201 liesqnerella, 163 Leiicotliop. 247 Ijigustrum, 254 Liliaceae, 100 Liliales, 93 Lilium, 101 Limnantliaceaek 215 Limnanthemum,257 Llmnobium, 26 Limodorum, 111 Limonium, 252 Limosella, 289 Linaceae, 208 l.inaria, 287 Linum, 208 Lippia, 272 rjquidambar, 171 Liriodendron, 146 Listera, 112 Lithospermum, 270 Lobelia, 306 Loganiaceae, 254 Lolium, 55 Lonicera, 303 Lophiola, 105 Ix)photocarpus, 24 Loranthaccae, 127 Lotus, 198 Ludwigia, 232 Lunaria, 163 Lnpiuus, 195 Lychnis, 139 Lycium, 285 Lycopersicon, 285 Lycopodlaceae, 15 Lyeopodiales, 15 Lycopodium, 15 Lycopsis, 270 Lycopus, 280 Ijygodium, 8 Lysimachia, 251 Lythraceae, 230 Lythrum, 231 Macrocalyx, 267 Magnolia, 145 Magnoliaceae, 145 Mains, 179 Ma Iva, 221 Malvaceae, 220 Mai vales, 220 Marrublum, 275 Marsilia, 14 Marsiliaceae, 14 Matteuccia, 14 Matricaria, 341 Martynia, 296 Martynlaceae, 296 Maydeae, 27 Medicago, 196 Mediola, 103 Meibomia, 199 Melampyrum, 293 Melanthaceae, 97 Melanthium, 99 Opuntlales, 229 Melastomaceae, 231 Orchidaceae, 107 Melica, 50 Orchidales, 107 Melilotus, 196 Origanum, 279 Melissa, 279 Ornlthogalum, 102 Menispermaceae, 154 Orobancbaceae, 295 Menispermum, 154 Orobanche, 295 Mentha, 281 Orontium, 89 Menyanthaceae, 257 Oryzopsis. 40 Menyantbes, 257 Osmunda, 8 Mertensia, 269 Osmundaceae, 8 Mesadenla, 342 Ostrya, 120 Micrampelis, 305 Oxalidaceae, 207 Micranthemum, 289 Oxalis, 207 Mimulus, 288 Oxycoceus, 250 Mitchella, 299 Oxygraphis, 153 Mitella, 169 Oxypolis, 242 Moehringia, 142 Mobrodendron, 252 Mollugo, 137 Monarda, 278 Pachysandra, 215 Panax, 236 Pandanales, 20 Monocotyledones, 20 I'anicum, 33 Monotropa, 245 Monotropaceae,245 ^loraceae, 125 Morus, 125 Mublenbergia, 41 Muscari, 102 Myosotis, 269 Myrica, 118 Myricaceae, 118 Myricales, 118 Myriophyllum, 235 Myrtales, 230 Nabalus, 312 Naiadaceae, 21 Naiadales, 21 Naias, 24 Narcissus, 105 Naumbergia, 251 \elumbo, 145 Nepeta, 276 Neslia, 163 Nyctaginaceae, 136 Nymphaea, 144 Panicularia, 52 Papaver, 155 Papaveraceae, 155 Papaverales, 154 Papilionaceae, 194 Parietales, 222 Parietaria, 127 Parnassia, 169 Parnassiaceae, 169 Pai-onychia, 143 Parsonsia, 231 Parthenocissus, 220 Paspalum, 32 Passiflora, 229 Passifloraceae, 229 Pastinaca, 242 Paulownia, 288 Pedicularls, 293 Pellaea, 10 Peltandra, 89 Penthoraceae, 168 Penthorum, 168 Pentstemon, 288 Peramium, 112 Nymphaeaceae, 144 Perilla, 282 Nyssa, 244 oholaria, 257 Oenothera, 233 oidenlandia, 299 oleaceae, 253 ( >nagra, 233 ( )nagraceae, 231 Onoclea, 14 Onopordon, 345 Onosmodium, 270 ( iphioglossaceae, 7 Ophioglossum, 7 Opulaster, 172 Opuntia, 229 I'criploca, 262 Perularia, 108 Petasites, 342 Petunia, 285 J'bacelia, 267 Phalaris, 39 Pbaseoleae, 195 Pbaseolus. 205 I'hegopteris, 13 Philadelphus, 170 Philotria, 26 Phleum, 42 Phlox, 265 Phoradendron, 127 Phragmites, 48 .350 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Phryma, 297 Phrymaceae, 297 Phyllanthiis, 211 Physalis, 283 Physalodes. 283 Physostegia, 276 Phytolacca, 136 Phytolaccaceae, 136 Picris, 308 Pieris, 247 Pimplnella, 240 Pinaceae, IS Pinales, 18 Pinus, 18 Piperales, 114 Plantaginaceacs 297 Plantaginales, 297 Plantago, 297 Platanaceae, 171 Platanus, 171 Pluchea, 334 Plumbaginaceae,252 Poa, 51 Podophyllum. 154 Podostemaceae, 168 Podostemon, 168 Pogonia. 110 Polanlsia. 165 Polemoniaceae, 265 Polemoniales, 262 Polemonium, 266 Polycodium, 240 Polygala, 209 Polygalaceae. 209 Polygonaceae. 128 Polygonales. 128 Polygonella, 132 Polygonum. 129 Polymnia, 335 Polypodiaceae, 9 Polypodium. 9 Polypogon. 43 Polypremum, 254 Polystichum. 12 Pomaceae, 179 Pontederia. 93 Pontederiaceae. 93 Populus, 114 Porteranthus, 172 Portulaea, 137 Portulacaceae, 137 Potamogeton, 21 Potentilla, 176 Primulaceae. 250 Primulales. 250 Prosei-pinaca. 234 Prunella. 276 Prunus, 191 Ptelea, 209 Pteridium. 10 Pteridophyta, 7 Ptilimnhim, 241 Puccinellia. 53 Pyrola, 245 Pyrolaceae, 245 Pynis, 179 Pyxidanthera, 250 Quamoclit, 263 Quercus, 121 Ranales, 143 Ranunculaceae. 146 Ranunculus, 150 Raphanus, 160 Rapistrum. 164 Reseda, 166 Resedaceae. 166 Rhamnaceae. 219 Rhamnales, 218 Rhamnus, 219 Rhexia, 231 Rhododendron. 247 Rhus. 215 Ribes, 170 Ricinus, 212 Robinia, 198 Roripa. 161 Rosa, 178 Rosaceae. 172 Rosales. 167 Rotala, 230 Roubieva. 134 Rul)iaceae, 298 Rubiales. 298 Rubus. 173 Rudbeckia. 336 Ruellia, 207 Rumex, 128 Ruppia. 23 Rutaceae. 208 Rynchospora, 66 Sabbatia. 255 Sagina. 142 Sagittaria. 25 Salicaceae, 114 Salicales. 114 Salicornia. 135 Salix. 115 Salomonia. 103 Salsola, 135 Salvia, 278 Salviniales, 14 Sambucus, 301 Samoluf5, 250 Sanguinaria. 156 Sanguisorba, 178 Sanicula. 238 Santalaceae. 127 Santalales, 127 Sapindales. 214 Saponaria. 140 Sarothra. 225 Sarracenia, 166 Stenophragnia, 164 Sarracenlaceae, 166 Stenophyllus, 63 Sarraceniales. 166 Stipa, 40 Sassafras, 154 Saururaceae. 114 Saururus, 114 Savastana, 39 Saxifraga, 169 Saxifragaceae. 169 Scheuchzeria, 24 Strophostyles. 205 Stuartia, 222 Stylosanthes, 199 Styracaceae, 252 Symphoricarpos,303 Symphytum, 270 Syndesmon, 149 Scheuchzeriaceae. 24Synosma, 342 Schizaea, 8 Schizaeaceae, S Schwalbea. 293 Scirpus, 63 Scleranthus, 143 Scleria, 68 Sclerolepis, 317 Scrophularia, 287 Syntherisma, 32 Syringa, 253 Taenidia, 240 Talinum, 137 Tanacetum, 341 Taraxacum, 309 Taxaceae, 20 ScropIuilariaceae.285Taxus, 20 Scutellaria. 274 Sedum, 168 Selaginella. 17 Selaginellaceae, 17 Senecio, 343 Sericocarpus, 326 Sesban, 198 Sesuvium. 137 Sherardia. 301 Sicyos. 306 Sida, 221 Silene, 138 Silphium, 335 Slmarubaceae, 209 Sinapis, 160 Sisymbrium, 160 Sisyrinchium, 106 Slum, 241 Smilaceae, 104 Smilax. 104 Solanaceae. 283 Solanum, 284 Solidago, 321 Sonchus, 309 Sophia. 164 Sorghastrum, 32 Sorghum. 31 Sparganiaceae, 21 Sparganium, 21 Spartina, 47 Spathyema. 89 Speeularia, 306 Spergula, 143 Spermaphyta, 18 Spiraea, 172 Spirodela, 90 Sporobolus, 42 Stachys, 277 Staphylea, 217 Staphyleaceae, 217 Steironema, 251 Stenanthinm, 98 Tecoma. 296 Teucrium. 273 Thalesia, 295 Thalictrum. 153 Thaspium, 241 Theaceae, 222 Thlaspi, 159 Thymeleaceae, 230 Thymeleales, 229 Thymus, 280 Tiarella, 169 Tilia, 220 Tiliaceae, 220 Tillaea. 168 Tipularia, 113 Tissa, 143 Torilis, 239 Toxylon. 125 Trachelospermum, Tradescantia, 03 Tragopogon, 309 Triadenum, 225 Tribulus. 208 Trichostema, 273 Tricuspis, 48 Trientalis, 251 Trifolium. 197 Triglochin, 24 Trillium, 103 Triosteum. 303 Triphora, 110 Triplasis, 48 Tripsacum, 30 Trisetum, 45 Trollius, 148 Tsuga, 19 Tulipa, 101 Tussilago, 342 Typha, 20 Typhaceae. 20 Ulmaceae. 125 258 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 351 Ulmus, 125 Umbellales, 235 Umbelliferae, 236 Unifolium, 103 Uniola, 50 Urtica, 126 Urticaceae, 126 Urticales, 124 Urtlcastrum, 126 Utrlcularia, 293 Uvularia, 99 Vaccarla, 140 Vaccinlaceae, 248 Vaccinlum, 249 Vagnera, 102 Valeriana, 305 Valerianaceae, 305 Valerianales, 304 Valerianella, 305 Vallisneria, 26 Vallisneriaceae, 26 Veratrum, 99 Verbascum, 286 Verbena, 271 Verbenaceae, 271 Verbeslna, 338 Vernonla, 317 Veronica, 290 Viburnum, 302 Vicia, 202 Vinca, 258 Vincetoxicum, 262 Vioia, 226 Vioiaceae, 226 Vitaceae, 219 Vitis, 219 Waldsteinia, 176 Washingtonia, 239 Wiilugbaeya, 320 Wolffla, 90 Woodsia, 14 Woodwardia, 10 Xanthium, 313 Xanthorrhiza, 148 Xantlioxylum, 209 Xeropliyllum, 97 Xoliema, 247 Xyridaceae, 91 Xyridales, 90 Xyris. 91 Yucca, 102 Zannichellia, 24 Zizania, 39 Zizia, 239 ZoBtera, 24 Zygadenus, 99 Zygophyllaceae,208 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Abele 114 Acacia, False 198 Rose 198 Acanthus Family 296 Aconite, Winter 148 Adam-and-Bve 113 Adam's Needle 102 Adder's Moutli 112 Adder's Tongue 7 Common 7 Family 7 Yellow 101 Agrimony 177 Ague-weed 256 AilanthuB 209 Family 209 Alder 121 Black 216 White 244 Alexander, Ueart-leaved 240 Alfalfa 19G Allspice, Carolina 154 Althaea, Shrubby 222 Alum-root 169 Alyssum, Sweet 165 Amaranth 185 Family 135 Amaryllis Family 105 Anemone, Rue 140 Angelica-tree 236 Apple 179 Balsam 305 Crab 179 Family 179 May 154 Thorn, Purple 285 Apple-of-Peru 283 Arbutus, Trailing 248 Arrow-grass 24 Arrow-head 25 Arrow-wood 302 Artichoke, Jerusalem 338 Arum, Arrow 89 Family 89 Ash 253 Black 254 Green 253 Prickly, Northern 209 Southern 209 Red 254 White 253 Asparagus 102 Aspen, American 115 Large-toothed 115 Asphodel, Bog 97 Aster, Golden 321 White-topped 326 Avens 176 Axwort 198 Azalea, Purple 246 Balm, Basil 278 Bee 278, 279 Field 279 Horse 282 Balm-of-Gilead 115 Balsam 218 Baneberry, Red 148 White 148 Barberry 153 Family 153 Basil 279 Bass-wood 220 Bay, Loblolly 222 Sweet 146 Bayberry 118 Family 118 Bean, Indian 296 Kidney 205 Sacred 145 Wild 204, 205 Bearberry 248 Beard-tongue 288 Beaver Poison 240 Bedstraw 299 Beech 121 Blue 120 Family 121 Water 120 Beech-drops 296 False 245 Beggar-ticks 339 Common 339 Bell-flower Family 306 Marsh 306 Tall 306 Bellwort 99 Benjamin bush 154 Bergamot, Purple 278 Wild, 278 Bindweed. Black 131 Hedge 264 (352) Bindweed, Small 264 Upright 264 Birch, American White 121 Black or Sweet 121 Cherry 121 Family 120 Red or River 121 Yellow or Gray 121 Birthwort 128 Family 127 Bishop's-cap 169 Bishop weed. Mock 241 Bitter-Nut 119 Bittersweet 284 Climbing 216 Blackberry, Common 174 RunningSwamp Sand 174 [175 Bladder-nut 217 Family 217 Bladderwort 293 Family 293 Blazing-star 320 Elite, Sea 134, 135 Strawberry 134 Bloodroot 156 Bloodwort Family 105 Blue-bells 269 Blueberry, Black 249 Dwarf 249 Low 249 Tall 249 Bluebottle 345 Blue-curls 273 Blue-eyed Mary 288 Blue-hearts 291 Blue-tangle 248 Bluets 299 Clustered 299 Blue-weed 271 Boneset 320 Climbing 320 Upland 319 Borage Family 267 Bouncing Bet 140 Bowman's-root 172 Box Family 215 Box-elder 218 Bracken 10 Brake 10 Common 10 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. 353 Brake, Cliff 10 Bramble 173 Brooklime, American 290 Brookweed 250 Broom, Scotch 196 Broom-rape 295 Family 295 Buckbean 257- Famlly 257 Buckeye Family 218 Fetid or Ohio 218 Red 218 Sweet 218 Buckthorn 219 Common 219 F'amily 219 Buckwheat 129 Climbing False 131 Family 128 Bugbane 148 Bugleweed 280 Bugloss 270 Viper's 271 Bulrush 63 Bunch-berry 243 Bunch flower 99 Family 97 Burdock 344 Common 344 Burnet 178 Burning Bush 216 Bur-reed 21 Family 21 Burweed 313 Butter-and-eggs 287 Buttercup 150 Bristly 152 Common 152 Early 152 Marsh 152 Tall 151 Butterfly-weed 259 Butternut 119 Button-bush 299 Button weed 299 Buttonwood 171 Cibbage, Skunk 89 Cactus Family 229 Calamus 90 Calico-bush 247 Calopogon 111 Caltrop 208 Family 208 Campion 138 Bladder 139 Red 139 Rose 140 Starry 138 Cancer-root 295 Cane, Small or Switch 57 Caper Family 165 Caraway 240 Cardinal flower 307 Carnation 140 Carpet-weed 137 Family 137 Carrion-flower 104 Carrot, Family 236 Wild 242 Castor-oil Plant 212 Cat-brier 104 Catchfly 138, 139 Night-flowering 139 Sleepy 139 Sweet-william 139 Catgut 198 Catnip 276 Cat's-foot 334 Cat-tail 20 Family 20 Cedar, Red 20 White 20 Celandine 156 Lesser 153 Centaury 255 Chaffseed 293 Chamomile, Corn 340 Wild 341 Charlock 160 Cheat 55 Checkerberry 248 Cheeses 221 Cherry.Choke 193 Dwarf 192 around 283 Sand 192 Sour 193 Sweet 193 Wild Black 193 Wild Red 193 Winter 284 Chervil 239 Chess 55 Chestnut 121 Horse 218 Chickweed 140 Common 140 Great 141 Mouse-ear 141 Chicory 308 Family 307 Chinquapin 121 Chokeberry 179 Clnquefoil 175, 176 Cleavers 300 Clotbur 313 Clover.Alsike 197 Buffalo 197 Bush 201 Crimson 197 Hop 197 Italian 197 Rabbit-foot 197 Clover, Red 197 Stone 197 Sweet 196 White 198 Yellow 197 Club, Golden 89 Club-moss 15 Family 15 Cockle, Corn 138 Cocklebur 313 Coffee-tree, Kentucky 194 Cohosh, Black 148 Blue 153 Colic-root 102 Coltsfoot 342 Sweet 342 Columbine 149 European 149 Comfrey 270 Wild 268 Cone-flower 336 Coral-berry 303 Coral-root 113 Cornel, Dwarf 248 Silky 243 Corn-salad 305 Corydalis 157 Cottonwood 115 Cowbane 242 Cow-herb 140 Cowslip, Virginian 269 Cow-bane, Spotted 240 Cow-wheat 293 Crab-apple 179 Cranberry 250 Cranberry-tree 302 Crane's-bill 206 Cress 161 Bitter 162 Cow 159 Marsh 161 Mouse-ear 164 Penny 159 Rock 164 Spring 162 Swine 159 Wart 159 Water 162 Winter 161 Crowberry, Broom 214 Family 214 Crowfoot 150 Ditch 151 Family 146 Seaside 153 White Water 152 Yellow Water 151 Crown-beard 338 Cuckoo-flower 139, 162 Cucumber, Bur 306 Cucumber-root, Indian 103 Cucumber-tree 146 354 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Cudweed, Low 335 Culver's-physic 291 Culver's-root 291 Cuphea 231 Cup-plant 335 Currant, Golden 171 Red 171 Wild Black 171 Custard-apple Family 146 Cynthia 308 Cypress, Bald 20 Daffodil 105 Daisy, European 325 Ox-eye 340 >vliite340 Dandelion 309 Dwarf 308 Fall 308 Dangleberry 248 Darnel 55 Day-flower 92 Dead-nettle 276 Deerberry 249 Devil's-bit 98 Dewberry 174 Diapensia Family 250 Dittany 280 Dock 128 Bitter 129 Golden 129 Spatter 144 Swamp 128 Dockmackie 302 Dodder 284 Family 264 Dogbane 258 Family 258 Dog-berry 171 Dog-fennel 318 Dogwood Family 243 Flowering 243 Red-osier 243 Door-weed 131 Dragon, Green 89 Dragonhead False 276 Dragon-root 89 Duckweed 90 Family 90 Dutchman's-breeches 156 Dyer's-weed or weld 166 Ebony Family 252 Eel-grass 24, 26 Eglantine 179 Elder 301 Box 218 Common 301 Marsh 313 Red-berried 302 Elecampane 335 Elephant's-foot 317 Elm, American White 125 Family 125 Slippery or Red 125 Enchanter's Nightshade 234 Bryngo 238 Evening-primrose 233 Common 238 Family 281 Everlasting 334 Common 335 Pearly 334 False Mermaid 215 Family 215 Fame-flower 137 Featherfoil 250 Fennel 241 Fern, Beech 13 Bladder 13 Chain 10 Christmas 12 Cinnamon 8 Climbing 8 Family 9 Flowering 8 Lip 10 Oak 13 Ostrich 14 Royal 8 Sensitive 14 Shield 12 Sweet 118 Walking 11 Feverfew 340 Fever-wort 303 Fig, Indian 229 Figwort 287 Family 285 Filbert 120 Florin 44 Fire-weed 233, 342 Five-finger 175 Flag 106 Blue 106 Sweet 90 Yellow 106 Flax 208 Common 208 Blaise 163 Family 208 Fleabane 332 Daisy 333 Marsh 334 Floating Heart 257 Flower-de-Luce 106 Flower-of-an-hour 222 Fly-poison 98 Fog-fruit 272 Forget-me-not 269 Four-o'clock Family 186 Foxglove, False 291 Foxtail 38, 42 Fringe-tree 254 Frog's-bit 26 Frost-weed 225 Fumitory 157 Climbing 156 Gallngale 57 Gall-of-the-Earth 312 Garlic 100 Hedge 159 Gentian 255 Closed 256 Family 254 Fringed 256 Horse 303 Soapwort 256 Geranium Family 206 Feather 134 Germander 273 Gill-over-the-ground 276 Ginger, Wild 127 Ginseng 236 Dwarf 236 Family 235 Glasswort 135 Globe-flower 148 Goat's-beard, Yellow 309 Goat's-rue 198 Golden Club 89 Goldenpert 289 Goldenrod 321 Sweet 324 Gold-thread 148 Gooseberry 171 Family 170 Goosefoot 133 Family 132 Maple-leaved 134 Oak-leaved 133 Gourd Family 305 Gout-weed 241 Grape 219 Blue or Winter 219 Family 219 Frost or Chicken 220 Northern Fox 219 Riverside 220 Summer 219 Sand 220 Grape Hyacinth 102 Grass, Arrow 24 Barley, Meadow 56 Barley, Wall 56 Barnyard 33 Beard 31, 43 Bent 44 Bermuda 46 Black-oat 40 Blue, English 52 Blue, Kentucky 51 Blue-eyed 106 Blue Joint 44 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. 355 Grass, Bottle-brush 56 Brome 54 Bur 39 Canary 39 Canary-reed 39 Cheat 55 Chess 55 Cord, Fresh water 47 Cotton 66 Couch 56 Crab 33, 48 Cut-Rice 39 Darnel 55 Deer 231 Ditch 23 Dropseed 41, 42 Eel 24. 2G Fall 33 Family 26 Fescue, Sheep's 54 Faller 54 Fowl Meadow 51 Foxtail 38, 42 Gama 30 Goose 300 Hair 41, 44, 45 Hedgehog 39 Herd's 44 Holy 39 Indian 32 Johnson 31 June 51 Lyme 56 Manna 52 Marsh, Salt 47 Meadow 51 Meadow Spreading 53 Melic 50 Millet 36, 38 Muskit 47 Oat 46 False 45 Wild 46 Old-witch 36 Orange 225 Orchard 50 Panic 33 Pigeon 38 Plume 31 Poverty 40 Quitch 56 Rattlesnake 52 Ray 55 Red-top 44 False 51 Tall 48 Reed 39, 44, 45, 48 Canary 39 Salt 47 Sand, Sea 45 Rib 297 Ripple 297 Grass, Rush 42 Cat-tall 42 Rye 55 Wild 56 Salt-meadow 47 Sand 48 Scutch 46 Sesame 30 Soft Meadow 45 Spear 51 Spike 50 Squirrel-tail 56 Star 102, 105 Sweet Vernal 39 Tape 26 Family 26 Thin 44 Timothy 42 Triple-awned 40 Umbrella 66 Velvet 45 Wheat 55 White 39 Whitlow 164 Wire 48, 52 Wood Chess 54 Wood Reed 43 Yard 48 Yellow-eyed 91 Family 91 Grass-of-Parnassus 169 Family 169 Grass-wrack 24 Greenbrier 104 Common 104 Oromwell 27(1 Corn 270 False 270 Groundnut 204, 236 Ground-Pine 16 Groundsel 333, 343 Gum, Black or Sour 244 -plant 321 Sweet 171 Hackberry 125 Hardback 172 Harebell 306 Haw, Black 303 Hawkweed 311 Hawk's-beard 311 Hawthorn 180 English 191 Hazel, Beak 120 Wild 120 Witch 171 Heal-all 276 Heart's-ease 229 Heather 248 Heath Family 246 Heliotrope 267 Hellebore, American White Green 148 [99 Hemlock 19 Ground 20 Poison 239 Water 240 Hemp 126 Indian 258 Water 136 Henbane, Black 280 Henbit 276 Herb-Robert 206 Herb-sherard 301 Herba-impia 334 Hercules Club 236 Hickory 119 Pig-nut 119 Swamp 119 White-heart 119 Hlghwater Shrub 313 Hogweed 313 Holly, American 215 Family 215 Mountain 216 Hollyhock 221 Honesty 163 Honewort 240 Honeybloom 258 Honeysuckle 303 Bush 304 Family 301 Fly 304 [304 Japanese or Chlneee Tartarian 304 Trumpet 304 White Swamp 246 Hop 126 Hop-tree 209 Horehound 275 Black 277 Water 280 Hornbeam, American 120 Hop 120 Hornwort 145 Horse-brier 104 Horse-chestnut 218 Horse-radish 162 Horsetail 14 Common 15 Family 14 Horse-weed 333 Hound's-tongue 268 Huckleberry 249 Black 249 Family 248 Squaw 249 Hyacinth, Grape 102 Hydrangea, Family 170 Wild 170 Hyssop 279 Giant 275 Hedge 289 356 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Indian-physic 172 Indian-pipe 245 Family 245 Indian Poke 99 Indigo, False 198 Wild 195 Inlcberry 216 Innocence 299 Iris, Dwarf 106 Family 106 Ironweed 317 Iron-wood 120 Itea Family 170 Ivy, American 220 Ground 276 Kenilwortli 287 Poison 215 Jacl£-in-the-Piilpit 89 Jamestown or Jimson Weed 285 Jewel-weed 218 Family 218 Joe-pye Weed 318 Judas-tree 193 Juneberry 180 Juniper, Common 20 Ketmia, Bladder 222 King-nut 119 Kinnikinnik 243 Knapweed 345 Knawel 143 Knotweed 129 Japanese 131 Ladies'-slipper 107 Lady's-thumb 130 Ladies'-tresses 111 Lambkill 247 Lamb's-quarters 133 Larkspur 149 Laurel, Family 154 Great 247 Mountain 247 Sheep 247 Lavender, Sea 252 Leaf-cup 335 Leather-flower 150 Leather-leaf 247 Leatherwood 230 Leek 100 Leopard's-bane 342 I^ettuce 309 Prickly 310 White 312 Wild 310 Leverwood 120 Lilac 253 Lily, Blackberry 106 Day 100 Family 100 Turk's cap 101 Water 145 Lily, Wood 101 Yellow Field 101 Lily-of-the- Valley 103 False 103 Family 102 Linden 220 European 220 Family 220 Lime Tree 220 Lion's-foot 312 Liquorice, Wild 300 Liver-leaf 149 Lizard's-tail 114 Family 114 Locust 198 Clammy 198 Common 198 Honey 194 Logania Family 254 Loosestrife 231, 251 Family 230 Swamp 230 Tufted 251 Lopseed 297 Family 297 Lotus, American 145 Indian 145 liOusewort 293 Lucerne 196 Lungwort 269 Lupine 195 Lychnis, Evening 139 Madder Family 298 Wild 301 Magnolia Family 145 Mahaleb 103 Maidenhair 9 Mallow 221 Common 221 Family 220 Indian 221 Marsh 221 Musk 221 Swamp Rose 222 Virginian 221 Mandrake 154 Man-of-the-Barth 263 Maple 217 Ash-leaved 218 Black Sugar 217 Family 217 Mountain 218 Norway 218 Red 217 Striped or Goosefoot 217 Sugar or Rock 217 Swamp 217 "Sycamore 218 White or Silver 217 Marigold, Bur 339 Marsh 147 Marjoram, Wild 278 Matrimony-vine 285 May-apple 154 May-weed 340 Meadow-beauty 231 Family 231 Meadow-parsnip 241 Golden 239 Meadow-sweet 172 Medic, Black 196 Melilot 196 Mercury, Three-seeded 212 Mermaid-weed 234 Merzereon Family 230 Mignonette 166 Family 166 Milfoil, Water 235 Family 234 Milkweed 259 Common 261 Green 261 Family 259 Poke 260 Purple 260 Swamp 260 Milkwort 209 Family 209 Sea 252 Millet 36, 38 Mint 281 Corn 282 Family 272 Horse 278 Mountain 279 Pepper 281 Spear 281 Water 282 Wild 282 Mist-flower 320 Mistletoe, American 127 Family 127 Mitrewort 169 False 169 Moccasiu-flower 107 Mocker-nut 119 Moneywort 251 Monkey-flower 288 Moonseed 154 Family 154 Moonwort 7 Moosewood 230 Morning Glory 263 Common 268 Family 263 Small Red 263 Moss, Flowering 250 Motherwort 276 Mudwort 289 Mugwort, Common 342 Western 342 Mulberry Family 125 Paper 125 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. 357 Mulberry, Red 125 White 11.'5 Mullein 286 Common 286 Moth 2R7 White 286 Musquash Root 240 Mustard, Ball 163 Black 160 Family 157 Garlic 159 Hedge 160, 164 Indian 160 Tower 165 Treacle 165 White 160 Worm seed 165 Myrtle, Sand 247 Wax 118 Naiad 24 Neckweed 291 Nettle 126 Dead 276 False 126 Family 126 Hedge 277 Hemp 276 Horse 284 Wood 126 Nettle-tree 125 Nightshade 284 Beaked 284 Common 284 Enchanter's 284 Nimble-Will 41 Nlnebark 172 Nipple-wort 308 Nonesuch 196 Oak, Barron or Black Jack Bartram 123 [123 Basket or Cow 124 Bear or Black Scrub Oak, White 123 Willow 123 Oleaster Family 230 Olive Family 253 Onion 100 Orache 134 Orange-grass 225 Orange, Mock 170 Osage 125 Root 147 Orchid Family 107 Orchis, Crane-fly 113 Fringed 108 Showy 108 Orpine Family 168 Garden 168 Osier 115 Ox-eye 336, Oyster-plant 309 Painted-cup 292 Pansy 229 Papaw 146 Pappoose-root 153 Parsley Family 236 Fool's 241 Hedge 239 Parsnip 242 Cow 242 Meadow 241 Water 241 Partridge-berry 299 Passion-flower 229 Family 229 Pea, Beach 203 Butterfly 204 Everlasting 203 Family 194 Milk 204 Partridge 19.3 Spurred Butterfly 204 Peach 193 Black 123 Bur 124 Chestnut 124 Chestnut, scrub 124 Gray 123 Jerusalem l.'U Laurel or Shingle 123 Overcup or Post 123 Poison 215 Post or Iron 123 Quercitron or Yellow- Red 122 [barked 123 [123 Pea-nut, Hog 204 Pear 179 Prickly 229 Pearlwort 142 Pecan-nut 119 Pellitory 127 Pencil-flower 199 Pennycress 159 Pennyroyal, American 279 Bastard 273 False 273, 289 Mock 270 Rock Chestnut 124 Scarlet 122 Spanish 123 Swamp 122 Swamp White 124 Yellow 124 Water 123 Pennywort 257 Water 237 Pepper, Mild Water 131 Pepper-bush, Sweet 244 Pepper-grass 158 Pepperidge 244 Peppermint 281 Pepper-root 163 Periwinkle 258 Persimmon 252 Phlox Family 265 Garden 265 Wild Blue 206 Pickerel-weed 93 Family 93 Pig-nut 119 Pig-weed 133, 135 Pigmy-weed 168 Pimpernel Bennet 240 Common 252 Water 250 Yellow 240 Pine Family 18 Ground 16 Loblolly 19 New Jersey 19 Old Field 19 Pitch 19 Scrub 19 Table Mountain 19 White 18 Yellow 19 Pine-sap 245 Pine-weed 225 Pink 140 Deptford 140 Family 137 Fire 139 Ground or Moss 266 Marsh 255 Rose 255 Swamp 98 Wild 139 Piuweed 226 Pinxterflower 246 Pipe wort 91 Family 91 Pipslssewa 245 Pitcher-plant 166 Family 166 Plane-tree Family 171 Plantain 297 Family 297 Indian 342 Mud 93 Rattlesnake 112 Robin's 332 Water 24 Pleurisy-root 259 Plum, Beach 192 Chickasaw 192 Family 191 [192 Red or Wild Yellovr Plumbago Family 252 Pokeweed 136 Family 136 Polypody 9 Pondweed 21 358 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Pondweed, Horned 24 Poor Man's Weather Glass Poplar, Black 115 [252 Downy 115 Necklace 115 White 114 Poppy 155 Family 155 Horn 156 Mexican 156 Prickly 156 Potato Family 283 Potato-vine, Wild 263 I'rimrose, Evening 233 Family 231 I'rince's Feather 131 Prince's Pine 245 Privet 254 Purslane 137 Family 137 Sea 137 Water 232 Putty-root 113 Pyxie 250 Quaker Ladles 299 Quillwort 17 Family 17 Radish, Garden 161 Wild 161 Uagged-Robin 139 Uagweed 313 Family 313 Great 313 Ragwort, Golden 343 Rarasted 287 Rape 160 Rape, Broom 295 Raspberry 173 Black 174 Dwarf 174 Purple Flowering 174 Rattlebox 195 Rattlesnake-master 238 Rattlesnake-root 312 Rattlesnake-weed 312 Redbud 193 Red-root 105 Heed 39 Bur 21 Rheumatism-root 154 Ribgrass 298 Rice, Indian 39 Mountain 40 Wild 39 Kii'hweed 126, 282 Riverweed 168 Family 168 Rocket 160, 165 American Sea 160 Yellow 161 Rose 178 Cinnamon 179 Dog 179 Family 172 Pasture 178 Prairie 179 Rock F'amily 225 Swamp 178 Rosemary, Marsh 252 Rose-of-Sharon 222 Roseroot 168 Rosin-weed 335 Rue Family 208 Goat's 198 Meadow 153 Rush. Bog 94 Club 63 Family 93 Nut 68 Scouring 15 Spike 61 Twig 68 Wood 97 Rutabaga 160 Rye. Wild 56 Sage 278 Wood 273 St. Andrew's-cross 223 St. .Tohn's-wort 223 Common 224 Family 223 Great 224 Marsh 225 Shrubby 224 St. Peter's-wort 223 Salsify 309 Saltwort 135 Samphire 135 Sandal-wood Family 127 Sandwort 142 Sea-beach 143 Sanicle 238 Sarsaparilla, Prickly 236 Wild 236 Sassafras 154 Savin 20 Saxifrage 169 Early 169 Family 169 Golden 170 Lettuce 169 Swamp 169 Scouring Rush 15 Seal, Golden 147 Sedge 69 Family 57 Seed-box 232 Self-heal 276 Senna Family 193 Wild 194 Sensitive-plant, Wild 193 Service-berry 180 Shadebush 180 Shag-bark 119 Sheep-berry 303 Shell-bark 119 Big 119 Shepherd's-purse 163 Shin-leaf 245 Shooting-star 252 Sickle-pod 165 Side-saddle Flower 166 Silver-bell Tree 252 Silver-berry 230 Silver-weed 176 Skullcap 274 Hyssop 274 Mad-dog 274 Marsh 275 Skunk-cabbage 89 Sloe 192 Smart weed 129, 131 Water 131 Smilax Family 104 Snake-head 288 Snake-root 238 Black 148, 238 Button 320 Seneca 210 Virginia 128 White 320 Sneezeweed 340 Snowberry 303 Soapwort 140 Solomon's-seal 103 Sorrel 128 Field or Sheep 128 Wood 207 Sorrel-tree 248 Sour-gum 244 Sour-wood 248 Sow-thistle 309 Common 309 Spanish-needles 339 Spatter-dock 144 Spearmint 281 Speedwell 290 Common 291 Corn 291 Ivy-leaved 291 Marsh 290 Thyme-leaved 291 Water 290 Spice-bush 154 Spider-flower 165 Spiderwort 93 Family 92 Spikenard 236 False 103 Spindle-tree 216 Spleenwort 10 Spring-beauty 137 Spurge 212 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. 359 Spurge Family 211 Mountain 215 Spurrey, Corn 143 Sand 143 Squaw-root 296 Squaw-weed 343 Squirrel-corn 156 Staff-tree Family 216 Stagger-bush 247 Star-flower 251 Star-of-Bethlehem 102 Starwort, Bog 140 Water 213 Steeple-bush 172 Stickseed 268 Sticktight 339 Stitchwort 140 Long-leaved 141 Stonecrop 168 Ditch 168 Family 168 Mossy 168 Storax Family 252 Stork's-blll 207 Strawberry 175 Barren 176 Indian 175 Wild 176 Strawberry-bush 216 -shrub Family 154 Succory 308 Sugar-berry 125 Sumac 215 Black 215 Family 215 Poison 215 Scarlet 215 Staghorn 215 Sundew 166 Family 166 Sundrops 233 Common 234 Sunflower 337 Common 337 Tickseed 339 Swallowwort, Black 261 Sweating Weed 222 Sweetbrier 179 Sweet Cicely 239 Sweet-gum 171 ' Sweet-scented Shrub 154 Sweet William 140 Wild 265 Sycamore 171 Syringa 170 Tansy 341 Tape-grass 26 Tare 202 Teaberry 248 T^a Family 222 Mexican 134 Tea, New Jersey 219 Velvet-leaf 221 Oswego 278 [ 131 Venus's Looking Glass 306 Tear-thumb, Arrow-leaved Vervain 271 Halberd-leaved Blue 271 Teasel Family 305 Wild 305 Thimbleberry 174 Thistle 344 Canada 345 Cotton 345 Family 314 Musk 345 Russian 135 Scotch 345 Sow 309 Star 346 Yellow 344 Thorn, Black 192 Cock-spur 186 New Castle 186 Washington 191 Thorough wax 239 Thoroughwort 317 Thyme 280 Tickseed 338, 339 Timothy 42 Toadflax 287 Bastard 127 Blue 287 Tobacco. Indian 307 Tomato 285 Toothache-tree 209 Toothwort 163 Touch-me-not 218 Pale 218 Spotted 218 Tree-of-heaven 209 Trefoil. Bird's-foot 198 Shrubby 209 Tick 199 Trumpet-creeper Family 296 Trumpet-flower 296 Trumpet-weed 318 Tulip 101 Tulip-tree 146 Tumbleweed 136 Tupelo 244 Turkey-beard 97 I'urnip. Indian 89 Turtle-head 288 Twayblade 112 Twin-leaf 154 Umbrella-tree 146 Umbrella-wort 136 I'nicorn-plant 296 Family 296 Valerian 305 Family 305 Greek 266 [131 Family 271 Vetch 202 Common 203 Sensitive Joint 199 Vetchling 203 Viburnum, Sweet 303 Vine Family 219 Violet 220 Bird's-foot 227 Dame's 105 Family 226 Green 229 Sweet-scented 229 Sweet White 228 Water 250 Virginia Creeper 220 Virgin's-bower 149 Purple 150 Wahoo 216 Wake-robin 103 Walnut, Black 119 Family 118 AA'hitell9 Watercress 162 Waterleaf 206 Family 266 Water-milfoil Family 234 Water-plantain 24 Family 24 Water-parsnip 241 Water-shield 144 Water-starwort 213 Family 213 Water-weed 26 Water-wort 225 Family 225 Wheat, Cow 293 Whitlow-wort 143 Willow 115 Black 116 Crack 116 Family 114 Osier 118 Water 297 Weeping 117 White 116 Willow-herb 233 Great 233 Wind flower 149 Winterberry 215 Wintergreen 245, 248 Chickweed 251 Family 245 Spotted 245 Wistaria, American 198 Witch-hazel 171 Family 171 360 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Withe-rod 302 Wound-wort 278 Yellow-eyed Grass 91 Wood-Sorrel Family 207 Yellow puccoon 147 Wormseed 134 Yam-root, Wild 105 Yellow-root 148 Wormwood 341 Family 105 Yellow-wood 195 Roman 342 Yarrow 340 Yew, American 20