—s Sai a \a Ree a >a i949. d oO © O re se) © n @ G oO u s Pu Reboun i es 2) —_ et zo/ ie hy -, at I aA sh oe is ’ or Dee Vi ' 1 ' i) i! q a ¥ ) HANDBOOK OF THE IRIDEA. LONDON WEST NEWMAN AND CO., PRINTERS HATTON GARDEN, E.C. HANDBOOK _ a : pS gon A > > ea es ie WEW YORK 7 ROTANICAL CarpES: 1 5 Be aaa Oe coe Bae) Be De OF BY J. G BAKER, F.B.S., F.LS., KEEPER OF THE HERBARIUM OF THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW, LONDON : GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. AND NEW YORK. 1892. PREFACE Key To THE GENERA Iris—ANTHOLYZA INDEX CONTENTS. PAGE dk = Pinta nS PREFACE. Tuis is the last of a series of botanical handbooks on which I have been working for along time. When I first came to Kew, in January, 1866, I found the groups of plants that enter largely into horticulture that most wanted working at were the Vascular Cryptogams and Petaloid Monocotyledons. To those, consequently, during my connection with Kew, I have paid special attention. First, as was agreed upon with Sir Joseph Hooker when I was engaged as first-assistant in the herbarium, I finished the ‘Synopsis Filicum’ which Sir William Hooker had planned out and commenced. This was published in 1868, and a second edition, with a Supple- ment, in 1874. In 1891 I contributed to the fifth volume of the ‘Annals of Botany’ a classified index of the new species discovered up to that date. This has now been issued separately. In the Handbooks of the Fern Allies, Amaryl- lidew, Bromeliacee, and the present work, I have followed the same concise general plan as in the Fern Synopsis. The Liliacee are dealt with in greater detail in the ‘Journal of the Linnean Society.’ The papers extend from the eleventh to the eighteenth volume, and cover the whole order, with the exception of the two large genera, Smilax and Alliwm, which have been monographed recently by M. Alphonse DeCandolle and Dr. Von Regel. Those who wish for full bibliographical details about the species of Lridee will find them in a paper o.4 KEY TO THE GENERA. 12. Homerra.—Perianth-segments subequal, connivent in a cup at the base, then spreading. Style-branches with two petaloid stigmatose crests.—Cape. 13. Hexacrorris.—Perianth-segments subequal, obtuse, spread- ing from the base. Style-branches cut down to the base into two subulate forks.—-Cape. Tribe II. Sisyrrvcnrex.—-Flowers stalked, usually more than one to a spathe, and opening out one after the other, often fugitive. Style-branches alternate with the anthers. Subtribe I. Crocem. — Rootstock a bulb or corm. Spathes essentially 1-flowered. 14. Crocus. — Peduncle short, hidden. Perianth with a long tube and long ascending segments. Style-arms entire or cut into capillary branches.—-S. Murope, N. Africa, W. Asia. 15. Syrincopra. — Peduncle short, hidden. Perianth with a long tube; segments spreading or ascending. Style-branches subulate, entire.-—Cape. 16. Gataxta.—Peduncle short, hidden. Perianth with a cylin- drical tube and short obtuse spreading segments. Stigma peltate, petaloid.—Cape. 17. Romutesa.—Peduncele produced. Perianth-segments oblong, much exceeding the short tube. Spathe-valves herbaceous. — Mediterranean region, Trop. Africa, Cape. Subtribe Il. Crevurex.—Rootstock a bulb or corm. Perianth-tube obsolete. Flowers usually more than one to a spathe, very fugitive.—All American. * Perianth-segments dimorphic. 18. Crevra. — Inner segments connivent. Style-branches dilated. Clusters of flowers sessile, mostly fascicled. Flowers white. 19. SpHENostiema.—TInner perianth-segments spreading. Style- branches dilated. Clusters of flowers peduncled. Flowers generally blue. ** Perianth-segments subequal, obovate-cuneate. 20. Exeurnertine. -— Filaments free. Style-branches long, simple, subulate. Flowers white. 91. CatyporEea. —— Filaments free. Style-branches subulate, entire or emarginate. Flowers blue or yellow. 22. Gexasine. — Filaments united. Style-branches simple, subulate. Flowers blue. 23. Nemastyiis.—- Filaments free or united. Style-branches cleft to the base into subulate forks. Flowers usually blue. Subtribe III. Evusisyrincarex.—Rootstock not a bulb nor corm. Perianth cleft down to the ovary. Flowers fugitive, usually more than one to a spathe. KEY TO THE GENERA, XL * Perianth-segments unequal. 24. Diptarruena.—tInner segments shorter, connivent. Upper stamen imperfect.—Australia. 25. Lisertra.— Inner segments obovate-cuneate; outer oblong, usually. shorter. Stamens all perfect. — Australia, New Zealand, Chili. ** Pertanth-segments subequal. 26. Brtemcanpa.—Leaves broad. Inflorescence a lax corymb. Style-branches flattened and emarginate at the apex. Flowers red, dotted.—China. 27. Orrnosanraus. — Clusters panicled. Filaments nearly or quite free. Style-branches subulate. Flowers pale blue, shortly pedicellate.—Australia, Tropical America. 28. Bosartia.—Clusters terminal on a leafless peduncle, usually fascicled. Style-branches subulate. Flowers pale yellow, with long pedicels.—Cape. 29. Sisyrincnium. — Clusters terminal, single or fascicled. Filaments more or less connate. Style-branches subulate. Flowers usually blue or yellow; pedicels long.—America, Sandwich Islands, Ireland. 30. Tapemia. — Stem very short, bearing a single 1-flowered spathe.—Magellan Straits. Subtribe IV. Artstes.—Rootstock nota bulb nor corm. Perianth with a distinct tube above the ovary. Flowers fugitive, usually more than one to a spathe. * Perianth-segments unequal. 31. Parersonia.—Inner segments very small. Filaments con- nate.—Australia. 32, CrieantrHe.—Inner segments the largest, obovate. Filaments free.—Cape. ** Perianth-segments subequal. + Filaments connate. 383. SympHyostEMon. — Perianth-tube funnel-shaped. Style- branches spreading, subulate.——Chili & Southern Andes. 34, Cuammium. — Perianth-tube slender. Style shortly tri- euspidate.——Chili. 385. SoLenomELus.—Perianth-tube slender. Style unbranched. —Chili. tt Filaments free. 36. Arrstea. —- Herbaceous, rarely fruticose. Perianth-tube short, cylindrical. Filaments short, subulate.—— Cape, Tropical Africa, Madagascar. 37. Wirsenta.—Fruticose. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, longer than the segments.——Cape. 38. Kuarria. —— Fruticose. Perianth-tube short, cylindrical. Filaments very long, filiform.——Cape. xii KEY TO THE GENERA. Tribe III. Ixizm.—-Flowers spicate, not fugitive, never more than one toaspathe. (This tribe is concentrated at the Cape, but 40, 41, 42, 46, 47, 51, 56, & 57 extend also to the mountains of Tropical Africa, 50 to Socotra, and 56 to the Mediterranean region.) * Style-branches simple. Perianth regular. Stamens equilateral. 89. Scuizostytis.—Like Hesperantha, but rootstock not thick- ened into a corm. 40. Hesprranrua. — Style short; branches long, subulate. Spathe-valves green. 41. Gertssorniza.—— Style longer than in the last; branches shorter, subulate. Spathe-valves oblong, green or brownish upwards. 42. Dirrama.—Style long, with short clavate branches. Spathe- valves large, entirely membranous. Leaves long, rigid. 43. SrrepranrHera. — Style long, with short clavate branches. Spathe-valves membranous. Leayes short, lanceolate. 44. Ixia.—Style long, with short subulate branches. Outer spathe-valve short, emarginate, membranous or chartaceous. ** Style-branches bifid. Stamens unilateral. 45. Freesia. — Perianth-tube broadly funnel-shaped, with sta- mens inserted below the throat. Spathe-valves small, green. 46. Lapryrousia.——Perianth-tube slender, with stamens inserted at the throat. Ovules many, superposed. 47. Warsonra.——Perianth-tube broadly funnel-shaped above the middle, where the stamens are inserted. Spathe-valvyes moderately large, rigid. 48. Muicrantuus. —— Perianth-tube cylindrical, with stamens inserted at the throat. Ovules 2, erect, collateral. *** Style-branches simple. Stamens unilateral and arcuate. _ 49. Basrana.——Differs from the following genera by its very plicate hairy leaves. Perianth-limb regular or irregular. . * Perianth-limbl subregular. 50. AcmanruEera. — Spathe-valves large, green, lanceolate. Perianth-tube subcylindrical, usually very long. 51. Crocosma. —— Spathe-valves short, oblong. Perianth-tube subcylindrical. Capsule inflated, deeply 3-lobed. 52. MeraspHaruta. — Perianth small, without any tube; seg- ments very acuminate. « 58. Trrronia.—Perianth with a short cylindrical tube. Spathe- valves small, oblong; outer emarginate. 54. Sparaxis.__Perianth-tube short, funnel-shaped in the upper half. Spathe-valves scariose, deeply lacerated. ** Perianth-limb irregular. 55. Synnorra._—Spathe-valves scariose, deeply lacerated. 56. GxiaproLtus.—Spathe-valves large, green, lanceolate. Peri- anth-tube funnel-shaped. 57. AntHotyza.—— Spathe-valves oblong-lanceolate. Perianth- tube cylindrical in the lower half, suddenly dilated at the middle. HANDBOOK OF IRIDEA. . ——— 1. Inis Linn.* Perianth-tube cylindrical, long, short or obsolete; segments of the two rows more or less dissimilar in shape and size, the three outer (falls) obovate-cuneate, reflexing in the expanded flower ; the three inner (standards) distinctly unguiculate, usually erect. Stamens inserted at the base of the outer segments of the perianth opposite the petaloid styles; filaments short ; anthers linear, basi- fixed. Ovary 3-celled; ovules many in a cell; style-branches petaloid, with a terminal stigma and two deltoid petaloid crests. Capsule oblong trigonal or hexagonal. Seeds globose.—Rootstock creeping or bulbous. Leaves distichous, linear or ensiform. Flowers very various in colour, one or few in a head; outer spathe-valves large, ovate, herbaceous or membranous. Series I.—-Rootsrock A SHORT THICK RHIZOME. Subgenus I. Arocon. Outer segments of the perianth without any ; beard or crest. Leaves linear . : ; : ‘ 5 . Sp. 1-28. Leaves ensiform ; : 5 . Sp. 29-46. Subgenus II. Parpanruopsis. Habit of Evansia, but outer segments without a distinct crest : : 5 . Sp. 47-50. Subgenus III. Oncocyctus. Outer segments diffusely hairy down the claw and lower part of the blade _.. . Sp. 51-62. Subgenus IV. Recena. Connects Oncocyclus and Pogoniris. Sp. 63-66. Subgenus VY. Evansta. Outer segments with a distinct crest down the claw and lower part of the blade. Leaves linear . t : ‘ ‘ ; . Sp. 67-69. Leaves ensiform 4 : ’ : , . Sp. 70-74. * Condensed, with many alterations and additions, from my paper on the genus in the ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle’ for 1876. For a general sketch of the genus from a horticultural point of view, see Foster in Journ. Hort. Soc., yol. xi, p. 131, B 2 HANDBOOK OF IRIDER, Subgenus VI. Pszupevansta. Outer segments with a beard which springs from a rudimentary crest . ; . Sp. 75-81. Subgenus VII. Poconimis. Outer segments with a beard down the claw and lower part ‘of the blade. Group of I. pumma. Dwarf; spathes 1-flowered. Tube long ; ; : : ; : . Sp. 82-86. Tube short : ; . . Sp. 87-91. Group of I. prriora. seal 1- ‘ead ; spathes 1-3-flowered. Leaves linear . : J ; ‘ ; . Sp. 92-97. Leaves ensiform : . 5 ; : . Sp. 98-110. Group of I. varrecata. Stem short, forked, not much overtopping the leaves. , : , . Sp. 111-117. Group of I. cermanica. Stems forked, overtopping the leaves. Spathes not scariose at the flowering season . Sp. 118-129. Group of I. patuipa. Stems forked, overtopping the leaves. Spathes scariose at the flowering season . Sp. 180-133. Series I].—Roorstock BuLBous. Subgenus VIII. Xienion. Inner segments of the perianth large, oblanceolate, erect. Stamens not adhering to the style-branches. Caulescent. Perianth-tube obsolete ; . Sp. 134-136. Caulescent. Perianth-tube produced ; . Sp. 187-141. Acaulescent . ; : ‘ E i . Sp. 142-147. Subgenus IX. Gynanvrinis. Inner segments produced, oblanceo- late, erect. Stamens adhering to the style-branches. Sp. 148. Subgenus X. Juno. Inner segments of the perianth spreading, minute ; : : ; ; . Sp. 149-161. Subgenus I. Apocon. 1. I. summis M. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. i. 88; Cent. t. 18. Neubeckia humilis Alefeld. I. ruthenica Ker, ex parte. — Rhizome wide-creeping ; rudimentary leaves fibrous. Leaves up to 12 ina tuft, linear, glaucous, firm in texture, strongly ribbed, 4-1 ft. long, 4 in. broad. Peduncle obsolete, so that the spathe is sessile ; outer valves lanceolate, firm, green, 14-2 in.long. Perianth-tube slender, 14-2 in. long; limb bright lilac, 14-2 in. long; falls with a sub- orbicular blade %-% in. broad, and a long cuneate haft; standards oblanceolate-unguiculate, }-} in. broad. Style-arms narrow, an inch long; crests deltoid. Hab. Caucasus and Georgia to Hungary and Transylvania. 2. I. minura Franch. et Savat. Enum. Jap. i. 42, 591. — Rhizome slender; tufts non-contiguous; sheaths splitting into fibres. Leaves linear, acuminate, 5-6 in. long, 4-4 in. broad. Peduncle very short, 1-headed; spathe-valves green, lanceolate ; pedicel about an inch long. Perianth-tube above an inch long; MIs, 8 limb lilac, shorter than the tube; falls with an ovate spreading blade half as long as the haft; standards much shorter, oblanceolate- unguiculate. Stigma-crests short. Hab. Japan; Yedo, Savaticr 1225. Near I. Rossii. Dr. Maximowicz describes in Bull. Acad. Peters. x. 715, an allied plant from Siebold’s drawings, with a yellow flower, standards but little shorter than the falls, and acuminate dentate stigma-crests. 8. I. Ross Baker in Gard. Chron. 1877, ii. 809. — Rhizome slender, short- or wide-creeping; sheaths small, splitting up into copious fibres. Leaves linear, green, thin and grass-like in texture, 4-6 in. long at the flowering time, 4-4 in. broad, acuminaie. Stem 1-headed, very short or nearly obsolete. Spathe 1-flowered, about 2 in. long; valves green, linear, not rigid; pedicel short. Perianth-tube slender, 14-2 in. long; limb lilac, 3-1 in. long; falls with an oblong blade 4 in. broad, as long as the haft; standards as long as broad, narrowly unguiculate. Style-branches 4 in. long; crests small, obtuse. Hab. Corea and Northern China, first gathered by Mr. John Ross, in Sching- king, in 1876. 4, I. Lupwicm Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Petrop. x. 693.—Rhizome slender, creeping; scale-leaves splitting into fibres. Leaves linear, green, acuminate, firm, scabrous on the margin, 6-9 in. long, + in. broad. Peduncle obsolete. Spathes 2-flowered; outer valves linear- lanceolate. Perianth-tube as long as the limb; falls with a claw twice as long as the ovate blade; standards shorter, oblong, with a linear claw. Style-arms shorter than the standards; crests acuminate. Hab. Altai Mountains, associated with I. rwthenica, Ludwig. 5. I. unauicunaris Poir. Iter. Barb. ii. 56. JT. stylosa Desf. FI. Atlant. i. 40, t. 5; Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. t. 5773. Neubeckia stylosa Alefeld. Ioniris stylosa Klatt.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping ; sheaths not splitting into fibres. Leaves about six in a tuft, linear, finally 14-2 ft. long, 4-4 in. broad, bright green, moderately firm, finely ribbed. Stem nearly obsolete. Spathes 1-flowered; outer valve lanceolate, green, moderately firm, 5-6 in. long. Ovary cylindrical, an inch or more long; tube filiform, 5-6 in. long, much exserted from the spathe; limb bright lilac, rarely white, 24-3 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, an inch broad, keeled with yellow, and streaked with lilac on a white ground at the throat; standards oblong-unguiculate, 2 in. broad, both narrowed suddenly into the claw. Style-branches above an inch long; crests lanceolate. Hab. Algeria, flowering in January and February. Filaments sometimes united up to the top. Flowers fragrant. 6. I. crerensis Janka in Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. 1868, 8382; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6848. JI. cretica Herb. inedit. J. stylosa var. angustifolia Boiss.—Rootstock very wide-creeping; tufts crowded ; sheaths not splitting into fibres. Leaves linear, 6-15 in. long, za-i in. broad, firm, acuminate, strongly ribbed. Peduncle nearly obsolete. Spathe 1-flowered; ovary subsessile ; outer valve lanceo- late, scariose, 2-8 in. long, wrapped tightly round the very slender B2 4 HANDBOOK OF IRIDE®. tube, which is 8-4 in. long: limb bright lilac-purple, 2-8 in. long; falls with an obovate blade 3 in. broad, veined with bright yellow and lilac-purple on a white ground at the throat, shorter than the narrow claw; standards oblanceolate, erect, plain lilac, +-4 in. broad. Style-branches 14 in. long, both narrowed gradually into the claw; crests lanceolate. Hab. Greece, Crete, the Ionian Islands, and Asia Minor, ascending the hills to 5000 ft. Prof. Foster says that the Greek form is much nearer unguicularis than the’ Asia Minor plant, and forms a connecting link between the two. 7. I. renurrouia Pall. Iter. iv. 302; App. 688, tab. 7, fig. 2. Neubeckia tenuifolia Alefeld. Joniris tenuifolia Klatt.—Tufts crowded, surrounded by many rigid truncate brown sheaths 2-3 in. long, oftén breaking up into fibres. Leaves thick, rigid, pale green, narrow linear. Stems very short, 1-headed. Spathes 2-flowered, 3-4 in. long; outer valves lanceolate, moderately firm; pedicels obsolete or short. Perianth-tube slender, 3-4 in. long; limb lilac, 14-2 in. long; blade of the falls oblong, 4 in. broad, much shorter than the broad haft; standards nearly as long, oblanceolate-oblong. Style- branches an inch long; crests large, lanceolate. Capsule ovoid, ‘1-14 in. long. Hab. Through Central Asia from the Caspian to Dahuria and Mongolia. Var. thianschanica Maxim. is a robust variety with broader longer leaves, and a longer peduncle. Griffith’s 5902, from Afghanistan, probably belongs here. I cannot clearly distinguish J. Loczyi Kanitz Plant. Expedit. Szechen. 58, tab. 6, fig. 2. 8. I. rutsenica Dryand. in Ait. Hort. Kew. edit. 2, i. 117; Bot. Mag. t. 1123 & 1398. TI. ca@spitosa Pallas. Joniris ruthenica Klatt.—-Rootstock slender, wide-creeping; tufts generally crowded; sheaths short, splitting into fibres. Leaves linear, thin, 3-12 in. long at the flowering time. }-1 in. broad. Stem slender, often 3-6 in. long, but sometimes obsolete. Spathe solitary, 1 flowered, 1-14 in. long; valves green, lanceolate, turgid ; pedicel very short. Perianth-tube twice as long or as long as the ovary; limb lilac, 14-14 in. long; falls with an oblong blade 4 in. broad, rather shorter than the haft; standards as long, oblanceolate-unguiculate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches an inch long; crests deltoid. Capsule subglobose, 4 in. long. Var. I. untrtora Pallas.—Leaves rather broader. Valves of the spathe shorter and broader. Perianth-tube very short. Hab. From North China, Mongolia, and Manchuria, through Siberia and Central Asia to Transylvania. 9. I. Haussxnecutm Bornm. Pl. Exsic. Anatol. No. 1864.-- Root-leaves linear, firm, glabrous, 6-8 in. long, 3 in. broad. Stem slender, 1-headed, 6-8 in. long, bearing 1-2 reduced leaves. Spathe 2-flowered ; valves oblong-lanceolate, 2-24 in. long, green at the base and middle, whitish at the edge and tip. Perianth-tube an inch long; limb pale yellow; falls 2 in. long, with an oblong- lanceolate blade } in. broad; standards erect, oblanceolate-unguicu- late, 14 in. long. Style-crests small, deltoid. Hab. Asia Minor; district of Amasia, Bornmuller! Habit of I. ensata, but leaves linear. tris, 5 10. I. macroswnon Torrey, Bot. Whipple, 144. — Rhizome slender; sheath-leaves splitting into fibres. Leaves linear, a foot long, } in. broad, firm in texture, acuminate, greenish, finely ribbed. Stem slender, 1-headed, 3-6 in. long; bract-leaves large, linear. Spathes 1-2-flowered; outer valves lanceolate, acuminate, green, firm, 2-3 in. long; pedicel very short. Perianth-tube slender, 14-8 in. long; limb bright lilac, 2 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, 3 in. broad; standards rather shorter, oblanceolate, erect. Style- branches an inch long; crests deltoid. Capsule ovoid-oblong, an inch long. Hab. California and Oregon. 11. I. venrricosa Pallas, Iter. ii. 320; App. 682, t. 27, fig. 1. Xyridion ventricosum Klatt.—Tufts crowded, surrounded by a mass of rigid brown truncate entire sheaths 2-3 in. long. Leaves linear, a foot or more long, 3-4 in. broad, firm, acuminate, distinctly ribbed. Stems a few inches longer than the sheaths, bearing a single 1-2-flowered spathe, and beneath it 1-2 linear or lanceolate bract-leaves. Spathe 2-24 in. long; 2 outer valves oblong, acute, green, moderately firm, very ventricose. Ovary nearly sessile; tube 14 in. long; limb lilac, 14-2 in. long; falls oblanceolate, with a small spreading blade and long strap-shaped haft; standards lanceolate, § in. broad. Style-branches an inch long; crests long, narrow, obtuse. Hab. Dahuria and Mongolia. 12. I, Bunezr Maxim. in Act. Petrop. x. 695.—Tufts crowded ; sheaths splitting ito copious fibres down to the base. Leaves narrow linear, a foot long, firm, strongly ribbed. Stem 3-4 in. long, 1-headed, bearing about 2 rigid lanceolate reduced leaves. Spathe 2-flowered, 3-84 in. long; two outer valves superposed, oblong-lanceolate, firm, pale green, very ventricose ; pedicel short; perianth-tube 14-2 in. long; limb dark lilac, 2 in. long; standards with a long haft and short spreading claw; falls oblanceolate- oblong, shortly unguiculate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches an inch long; crests long, narrow. Hab. Eastern and Southern Mongolia, first gathered by Bunge. Nearly allied to I. ventricosa. 18. I. sonearica Schrenk Enum. i. 3. Joniris songarica Klatt. —Tufts densely crowded, surrounded by long sheaths, splitting up into copious fibres. Leaves linear, 4-1 ft. long, 4-3} in. broad, firm, strongly ribbed. Stems 4-14 ft. long, bearing 1-4 spicate heads and 2-8 linear leaves. Spathes 2-3-tlowered, 3-4 in. long; outer valves lanceolate, rigid; pedicel about an inch long. Perianth- tube cylindrical, 1-14 in. long; limb lilac, 14-2 in. long; falls with a long haft and short spreading obovate blade 4-4 in. broad; standards nearly as long as broad, oblanceolate-unguiculate. Style-branches an inch or more long; crests large, lanceolate. Capsule oblong-trigonous, rostrate, 14-2 in. long. Var. ? racitis Maxim.—Leaves weaker, spathe-valves narrower, perianth-tube not longer than the ovary, pedicel longer. 6 HANDBOOK OF IRIDE®. Hab. Through Central Asia from Songaria- and Turkestan to Persia, Afghanistan and Beluchistan. Var. gracilis was collected in Western China by Przewalski. 14. I. Sinrenesu Janka, Adat. Erdl. 173. — Rhizome short- creeping; sheaths short. Leaves linear, subrigid, glaucescent, finely ribbed, a foot long, 4 in. broad. Stem slender, flexuose, l-headed, 4-1 ft. long, bearing about 2 linear reduced leaves. Spathes 1-2-flowered, 2 in. long; outer valves firm, green, lanceo- late; pedicel moderately long. Perianth-tube slender, about as long as the ovary; limb bright lilac, 14 in. long; falls with an obovate blade 4 in, broad, one-third the length of the narrow haft; standards rather shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate. Style-branches above an inch long; crests small, lanceolate. Hab. Macedonia, Thrace, Bulgaria, Greece, and Asia Minor. Differs from I. graminea by its firmer leaves and produced perianth-tube. 15. I. Grisst Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Petrop. x. 702.—Rhizome slender, short-creeping; sheaths short, not splitting into fibres. Leaves linear, glaucescent, finely veined, 6-9 in. long, 3-4 in. broad at the middle. Stem 8-4 in. long, with a single reduced leaf at the middle, and a single terminal head. Spathe 1-2-flowered; valves lanceolate, 2 in. long, scariose towards the tip and edge; pedicel produced. Ovary cylindrical, 4 in. long; tube about as long as the ovary; limb pale lilac, 1-14 in. long; falls with an obovate limb shorter than the haft; standards as long, oblanceolate-unguiculate. Style-branches 3 in. long; crests large, lanceolate. Hab. China; province of Fokien, De Grijs! Intermediate betweyn ensata and ruthenica. 16. I. Harrweem Baker in Gard. Chron. 1876, 323.—Rhizome wiry, short-creeping; sheaths short, splitting up into fibres. Leaves linear, moderately firm, 4-1 ft. long, 3-4 in. broad, finely veined. Stem 1-headed, 4 ft. long, with a single linear leaf low down. Spathes 1-2-flowered; outer valves firm, pale green, lanceolate, superposed, 14-2 in. long; pedicel produced. Perianth-tube }-} in. long; limb pale yellow, 14 in. long; falls with an oblong blade 4 in. broad, shorter than the haft; standards as long, oblanceolate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches narrow, 3 in. long; crests divergent, obtuse. Capsule oblong, obtusely trigonous, an inch long. Hab. California, first gathered by Hartweg in 1848. 16*, I. Hexryi Baker.—Rhizome short-creeping. Leaves linear, moderately firm, 1-14 ft. long, tin. broad. Stems 1-headed, 6-8 in. long. Spathe 2-flowered; valves linear, green, 2 in. long; pedicel as long as the spathe. Ovary oblong, } in. long. Perianth-tube very short; limb lilac, 2-% in. long; falls with an oblanceolate blade 4 in. broad, narrowed gradually to the base; standards shorter and narrower. Style-branches 4 in. long; crests lanceolate, } in. long. Hab. West China; province of Hupeh, Dr. Henry 6372! Intermediate between ruthenica and graminea. 17. I. Doverasiana Herb. in Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. 895 ; Hook, fil. in Bot. Mag. t. 6083. — Rootstock stout, short-creeping ; iRIS. 7 sheath-leaves rigid, not splitting into fibres. Leaves about 6 in a tuft, linear, 1-2 ft. long, 4-4 in. broad at the middle, tapering to the point, moderately firm, strongly ribbed. Stem 4-1 ft. long, usually simple; bract-leaf long, linear. Spathes 2-3-flowered ; pedicels long; outer valves lanceolate, firm, green, 2-3 in. long. Perianth-tube cylindrical, 4-3 in. long; limb 14-2 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, 3-1 in. broad, pale lilac, with darker lilac veins ; standards oblong-unguiculate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches an inch long ; crests large, obtuse. Capsule oblong, 14 in. long, narrowed gradually to the top. Hab. California, first gathered by Menzies and Douglas. I. Beecheyana Herb. is a dwarf, nearly stemless form with a wide-creeping rootstock. What is called the Santa Cruz variety has whitish falls, with a yellow keel, and claret- purple veins. 18. 1. Grant-Durren Baker.—Rhizome moderately stout, short- creeping ; sheaths splitting into fine fibres. Leaves linear, mode- rately firm, under a foot long, 4 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 4 ft. long, with about 2 lanceolate leaves. Spathes 1-flowered; valves linear or lanceolate, acuminate, green, 8-84 in. long; pedicel about as long as the ovary, which is narrowed gradually to the apex. Perianth-tube + in. long; limb 24 in. long; falls with a yellow blade 4 in. broad, much shorter than the haft, which is copiously veined with lilac on a yellowish-white ground; standards as long, oblanceolate-unguiculate, nearly as broad, similarly coloured. Style-branches above an inch long; crests lanceolate-deltoid, 3 in. long. Anthers nearly an inch long. Hab. Palestine; banks of the River Kishon, first gathered by Lowne in 1863—4. Sent alive to Kew in 1888, from the plain of Esdraelon, by Sir M. E. Grant-Duff. 19. I. pracreata §. Wats. in Proc. Amer. Acad. xx. 875; Garden, 1888, t. 8— Rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; rudimentary leaves brown, very rigid. Produced leaves very few to a tuft, linear, very thick and rigid, 1-2 ft. long, 4-4 in. broad, pale green and glossy above, glaucous beneath; edge revolute. Peduncle l-headed, varying from 2-3 in. to a foot long; bract-leaves small, lanceolate. Spathes 2-flowered; outer valves lanceolate, firm in texture, 2-24 in. long; pedicels long. Perianth-tube nearly obsolete ; limb 2 in. long, pale yellow; falls with an ovate blade }-3 in. broad, as long as the haft, veined with lilac; standards shorter, ob- lanceolate. Style-branches an inch long; crests very acuminate. Capsule ovoid-oblong, an inch long. Hab. Oregon, Howell! Discovered in 1884, 20. I. renax Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1218; Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 8843. Joniris tenax Klatt. — Tutts crowded on a short-creeping rhizome; sheaths short, splitting up into copious fibres. Leaves linear, 4-1 ft. long, 4-+ in. broad, moderately firm in texture, strongly ribbed. Stems slender, 1-headed, 4-1 ft. long; leaves 1-2, much reduced. Spathes 1-flowered; valves firm, green, lanceolate, superposed, 14-2 in. long; pedicel produced. Perianth-tube very short; limb bright lilac, 2 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, } in, 8 HANDBOOK OF IRIDEA. long, with a spreading blade as long as the claw; standards nearly as long, oblanceolate-unguiculate, + in. broad. Style-branches narrow, an inch long, with large narrow obtuse crests. Capsule oblong, obtusely trigonous, an inch long. Hab. Fort Vancouver, British Columbia, and Oregon. We have also specimens at Kew said to have been gathered in Newfoundland and New Brunswick. 21. J. prismatica Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. i. 80; Ker in Bot. Mag. t. 1504. J. virginica A. Gray, non Linn. J. gracilis Bigelow. I, Boltoniana R. & §8.— Rhizome slender; sheaths slitting into fine fibres. Leaves linear, weak, finely ribbed, green, a foot or more long, 4 in. broad. Stem slender, 1-2 ft. long, simple or forked, with 2-8 large linear leaves. Spathes 1-2-flowered ; valves lanceo- late, subrigid, 1-14 in. long; pedicels often much longer than the spathe. Perianth-tube almost obsolete; limb bright lilac, 14-2 in. long; falls with an obovate blade 4 in. broad, shorter than the haft; standards shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate, 4 in. broad. Style- branches an inch long; crests narrow. Capsule oblong-trigonous, an inch long, not rostrate. Hab. Northern United States, from Maine to Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. The plant of the Gronovian herbarium is that figured Bot. Mag. t. 703. 22. I. mnsata Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. u1. 328; Regel, Gartenfl. t. 1011. J. biglumis Vahl; Sweet, Brit. Flow. Gard. ser. ll. t. 187. J. triflora Balbis, Misc. Bot. 6, t. 1; Red. Lil. t. 481. 1. Doniana Spach. J. Pallasii Fisch. I. oxypetala Bunge. TI. caricifolia Pallas. I. fragrans Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxvi. t.1. J. longi- spatha Fisch. in Bot. Mag. t. 2528. I. Moorcroftiana Wall. I. longi- folia Royle. — Rhizome stout, short-creeping; tufts crowded, sur- rounded by long sheaths splitting up into fibres. Leaves linear, rigid, glaucescent, strongly veined, 1-14 ft. long, +-4 in. broad. Stems 4-1 ft. long, 1-headed. Spathes 1-3-flowered, 3-4 in. long; valves lanceolate, green, moderately firm; pedicels long. Ovary cylindrical, an inch long; perianth-tube scarcely any; limb lilac, about 2 in. long; falls with an oblong or obovate blade 3-3 in. broad, rather shorter than the narrow haft; standards as long, oblanceolate-unguiculate, + in. broad. Style-branches an inch long; crests large, deltoid. Capsule oblong, 14-2 in. long, 6-ribbed, narrowed into a distinct beak. Hab. Throughout Temperate Asia from Japan to the Caucasus and the Western Himalayas. 23. I. Graminea Linn. Sp. Plant. 58; Jacq. FI. Austr. t. 2; Bot. Mag. t. 681; Red. Lil. t. 299; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 346. I. Adami Willd. J. compressa Moench. Xiphion gramineum Alefeld. Xyridion gramineum Klatt. — Rhizome short-creeping, moderately stout; sheaths short, fibrous. Leaves thin, linear, green, strongly ribbed, 1-14 ft. long, 1-4 in. broad. Stem slender, solid, com- pressed, 1-headed, bearing 1-2 large leaves. Spathe 2-flowered ; valves lanceolate, green, moderately firm, about 2 in. long; pedicels 1-2 in. long. Perianth-tube nearly obsolete; limb bright lilac, IkIS. i] copiously veined ; falls with an orbicular blade 4 in. broad, much shorter than the broad haft; standards oblanceolate-unguiculate, erect, nearly as long, +in. broad. Style-branches above an inch long; crests small, deltoid. Capsule small, round-oblong, suddenly rostrate. Hab. Throughout Europe from France to Greece and the Caucasus. J. sylvestris Balbis (I bayonnensis Darracq) is a robust variety with leaves 1—4 in. broad. J. lamprophylla Lange in Bot. ids. xiii. 17, t. 1, differs by its broader leaves, more scariose spathe-valves, and larger flowers. 24. I. Psmupo-cyprrus Schur, Transyl. 657. -— Allied to J. yra- minea, but more robust, with larger flowers, which are dull violet passing into yellow. Stem 2 ft. long, 1-3-headed. Leaves rigid, linear-ensiform, glaucous, much overtopping the stem. Hab. Transylvania, Wolff. 25. I. siprrtca Linn. Sp. Plant. 57; Jacq. Fl. Austr. t. 50; Red. Lil. t. 420; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 841. J. pratensis Lam. ; Red. Lil. t. 289. J. acuta Willd.; Reich. Ic. Germ. t. 343. J. maritima Miller; Reich. Ic. Germ. t. 842. J. stricta Moench. Xiphion sibiricum Parl. Xuyridion sibiricum Klatt.—Rhizome mode- rately stout, short-creeping ; tufts crowded; sheaths splitting into fine fibres. Leaves linear, green, not rigid, finely ribbed, 1-2 ft. long, 4-4 in. broad. Stems slender, terete, fistulose, overtopping the leaves, simple or forked. Spathes 2-8-flowered ; valves lanceo- late, brown, scariose, 1-14 in. long; pedicels long. Perianth-tube almost obsolete; limb 14-2 in. long, bright lilac-blue; falls copiously veined, with an orbicular blade } in. broad, narrowed gradually to a slender claw; standards rather shorter, erect, oblong-unguiculate, 4-4 in. broad. Style-branches 3-1 in. long; crests small, deltoid. Capsule oblong-trigonous, 1-14 in. long, not rostrate. Var. I. rLexvosa Murray ; Ker in Bot. Mag. t. 1168; Red. Lil. t. 420.—F lowers white, with crisped segments. Var. I. ortentatis Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 828, non Miller. J. sanguinea Donn. TI. hematophylla Fisch. in Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard. t. 118. J. nertchinskia Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1843.— Young leaves tinged with red. Flowers larger, more fugitive ; blade of the falls orbicular, 1-11 in. broad. Var. I. rrigonocarpa Braun, Koch & Bouché. — Dwarfer and more laxly tufted than the type. Leaves narrower. Flowers and capsule smaller. Hab. The type spread through Central and Southern Europe, reaching into Hastern Siberia. Var. orientalis, Eastern Siberia and Japan; flexuosa is an old garden form, noticed by Lobel and Parkinson. Var. trigonocarpa, which is also Japanese, resembles graminea in habit and foliage. 26. I. missouriensts Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. vii. 58. J. Tolmieana Herb. — Rootstock stout, short-creeping ; sheath-leaves brown, rigid, not splitting into fibres. Leaves linear, firm, pale green, finely ribbed, 1-1} ft. long at the flowering time, 1-4 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 1-2 ft. long, bearing only a single large linear leaf low down. Spathe 2-4-flowered; pedicels long; outer valves lanceolate, moderately firm, 2-3 in. long, Perianth-tube very short; limb 14-2 in. long, lilac; falls obovate-cuneate, 3-1 in, 10 HANDBOOK OF IRIDES. broad, with a blade as long as the haft; standards oblong- unguiculate, }-} in. broad. Style-branches an inch long; crests broad. Capsule oblong, 14-2 in. long, deeply 8-grooved, narrowed to both apex and base. Hab. Rocky Mountains (from Washington territory and Colorado) and California to North Mexico, where it ascends to 10,000 ft. 27. I. tonerpetata Herb. in Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 395; Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. t. 5298. — Rhizome stout, short-creeping ; sheaths slitting into coarse fibres. Leaves linear, moderately firm, 1-14 ft. long, 4-4 in. broad. Stem stout, solid, compressed, 1-14 ft. long, bearing 1-2 linear leaves and a single head. Spathes 2-4- flowered; outer valves green, linear or lanceolate, 3-4 in. long; pedicels 1-8 in. long. Perianth-tube nearly obsolete; limb bright lilac, 24-8 in. long; falls obovate-unguiculate, an inch or more broad, reflexing from halfway down, the claw keeled with yellow and copiously veined with violet on a white ground; standards much shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate, tin. broad. Style-branches 14 in. long; crests large, deltoid. Capsule oblong, 1}—2 in. long, narrowed to the base and apex. Var. montana Baker. J. missouriensis Bot. Mag. t. 6579, non Nuttall. Much dwarfer, with narrower leaves and smaller flowers. Hab. Widely spread in California, first gathered by Douglas in 1833. 98. I. rripetrata Walt. Fl. Carol. 66, non Linn. fil. J. tri- dentata Pursh.; Sweet, Brit. Flow. Gard. t. 274.—Rhizome mode- rately stout. Leaves linear, 1-14 ft. long, + in. broad, moderately firm, finely ribbed. Stem 13-2 ft. long, 1-3-headed. Spathes 1-flowered, both valves rigid and lanceolate, the outer much shorter than the inner, which is 2-23 in. long; pedicel long, Perianth-tube narrowly funnel-shaped, under an inch long; limb bright lilac, 23-8 in. long; falls with an orbicular blade an inch or more broad, as long as the haft; standards oblanceolate, cuspi- date, erect, 4 in. long. Style branches an inch long; crests lanceolate. ; Hab. Southern United States from Carolina to Florida. Very distinct. Differs from all the other linear-leaved Apogons by its very small standards. 29. I. macunata Baker in Gard. Chron. 1876, ii. 517.—Rhizome slender, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, falcate, moderately firm, 2 ft. long at the flowering time, 4-} in. broad. Stem one-headed, 3-4 in. long, bearing a single leaf low down. Spathe 2-3 in. long, l-tlowered; valves loose, lanceolate-acuminate; pedicel short. Perianth-tube an inch long; limb pale, 24 in. long; falls obovate- cuneate, an inch broad, pale, marked with a-blue or lilac central spot, reflexing from halfway down; standards as long, oblong- unguiculate, cuspidate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches an inch long ; crests broad, obtuse, subentire. Hab. Mesopotamia, Aucher Eloy! Habit of I. caucasica. 80. I. Hooxert Penny. I. tripetala Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 2886, non Walt. J. tridentata Hook.non Pursh. Xyridion tridentatum Klatt. —Rhizome short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, glaucescent, mode- IRIS. 11 rately firm, 1-14 ft. long, 3 in. broad. Stem 2-3-headed, over- topping the leaves, bearmg 2-3 large leaves. Spathes 2-3- flowered, 2-8 in. long; outer valves thin, green, lanceolate; pedicels an inch or more long. Perianth-tube cylindrical, 4-4 in. long; limb bright llac, 2-24 in. long; falls with a suborbicular blade an inch broad, about as long as the copiously veined haft and narrowed to it suddenly; standards, erect, obovate, cuspidate, 4 in. long. Style-branches an inch long; crests small, deltoid. Capsule oblong-trigonous, 1-14 in. long. Hab. Canada. Habit of J. versicolor, but easily recognised by its small cuneate cuspidate standards. Nearly allied to I. setosa. 31. I. serosa Pallas; Led. Fl. Ross, iv. 96; Regel Gartenfl. t. 322. I. brachycuspis Fisch. in Bot. Mag. t. 2826. Xiphion brachycuspis Alefeld. Xyridion setosum Klatt.—Rhizome stout, oblique ; sheaths splitting up into fine fibres. Leaves thin, green, ensiform, 1-14 ft. long, 4-1 in. broad. Stem deeply forked, much overtopping the leaves, bearing 2-3 heads and 2-3 large leaves. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 14-2 in. long; outer valves thin, green, lanceolate ; pedicels 1-1} in. long. Perianth-tube cylindrical, 4 in. long; limb bright lilac, 2-24 in. long; falls with an orbicular blade above an inch broad, narrowed suddenly to the copiously veined haft; standards 4 in. long, cuneate with a large cusp. Style-branches an inch long; crests deltoid. Capsule oblong- trigonous, 14 in. long, suddenly narrowed at the base, truncate and inflated at the apex. Hab. Eastern Siberia, Japan and North-western America. 82. I. Pseupacorus Linn, Sp. Plant. 56; Engl. Bot. t. 578; Fl. Dan. t. 494. J. lutea Lam. J. palustris Moench. J. longifolia DC. Xiphion Pseudacorus Parl. Xyridion Pseudacorus Klatt.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping ; sheaths not breaking up into fibres. Leaves thin, ensiform, glaucous, finely ribbed, 14-2 ft. long, 3-1in. broad. Peduncle stout, terete, 2-3 ft. long, forked low down, bearing several long leaves and several clusters of flowers. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 24-3 in. long; outer valves lanceolate, green with white edges; pedicels shorter than the spathes. Perianth-tube 4 in. long; limb bright yellow, 2-24 in. long; falls with an orbicular blade 1-14 in. broad, longer than the haft, which has a brighter spot at the throat and radiating brownish veins ; standards erect, lanceolate, 3—-$ in. long. Style-branches an inch long; erests deltoid. Capsule oblong, obtusely angled, 23-3 in. long, with a large slender beak. Var. I. acororpes Spach. (Bot. Mag. t. 2289).—Limb of the falls pale yellow, haft without the usual callosities, which fit into the standards, which are longer than usual. Var. I. Basrarpr Boreau Fl. Cent. edit. ii. 635.—Flower pale ochraceous yellow; falls with a round-oval blade, prominently veined, but not blotched at the base, the claw not more than half as long as the blade, furnished, as in the type, with two callosities at its base. Var. I, Acortrormis Boreau loc. cit.—Blade of the falls round, 12 HANDBOOK OF IRIDE®. with a deeper-coloured blotch at the base, veined with radiating purple lines. Standards pale yellow, very small, the spoon-shaped blade narrowed suddenly to the claw. Hab. Throughout Europe; also Syria and the Barbary States. 33. I. Maacxt Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Peters. x. 740.—Habit of I. Pseudacorus. Leaves ensiform, above 2 ft. long. Stem forked, bearing several clusters. Spathes 3-4-flowered; pedicels much shorter than the capsule. Perianth unknown. Capsule drooping, oblong, 23-384 in. long, } im. diam., 6-ribbed, suddenly narrowed into a conic beak. Hab. Manchuria, on the banks of the River Usuri, Maack. 34. I. renurs S. Wats. in Proc. Amer. Acad. xvii. 880 ; Garden, 1888, t. ii—Rhizome slender. Produced leaves few in a tuft, ensiform, very thin, green, 12-15 in. long, $ in. broad at the middle, narrowed gradually to the point. Stem very slender, about a foot long, forked, 2-headed; leaves small, linear, upper sub- scariose; spathes 1-flowered; valves lanceolate, pale, scariose, 14 in. long. Ovary stipitate, }in. long; perianth-tube very short; limb white, 14 in. long, faintly veined with yellow and lilac; blade of falls oblong, } in. broad, as long as the haft; inner segments rather shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate. Style-branches an inch long. Hab. Oregon; Washington county, Henderson! Discovered in 1881. 35. I. versicotor Linn. Sp. Plant. 57 (Dill. Hort. Elth. tab. 155); Curt. in Bot. Mag. t. 21; Red. Lil. 339. J. sativa and picta Miller. Xiphion versicolor Alefeld—kRhizome stout, short- creeping; sheaths slitting into fine fibres. Leaves ensiform, slightly glaucous, 14-2 ft. long, an inch broad, moderately firm. Stems 14-2 ft. long, deeply forked, 2-3-headed, bearing 2-8 large leaves. Spathes 2-3-flowered ; outer valves lanceolate, thin, green, 14-2 in. long; pedicels much shorter than the spathe. Perianth- tube very short; limb 14-2 in. long, claret-purple; falls obovate- cuneate, $-l in. broad, spreading from halfway down, the claw veined with purple on a yellowish-white ground; standards much shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate, +im. broad, Style-branches an inch long ; crests small, subquadrate. Capsule obtusely trigonous, 1-14 in. long, with a small cusp. Var. 1. vircuma Linn. Sp. Plant. 58; Bot. Mag. t. 703; Jacq. Ic. t. 283. J. cawina Herb.—Limb longer, lighter lilac; falls with a larger suborbicular blade, much veined at the throat with violet on a pale ground. Style-branches longer. Hab. ‘The common Iris of British North America and the Northern United peace extending northward to Hudson’s Bay. JI. flaccida Spach is probably a orm. 36. 1. caroniniana 5. Wats. in Proc. Amer. Acad. xxv. 134.— Very near J. versicolor, from which it mainly differs by its erect, glaucous, much shorter leaves and very much smaller seeds, which. are arranged in two distinct rows. t Hab, North Carolina. Sent in 1888 to the Cambridge Botanic Garden, J.8.A, TRIS, 18 87. I. nexacona Walt. Fl. Carol. 66; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6787.—Rhizome creeping to a length of 2 feet. Leaves ensiform, glaucous, finely veined, 2-3 ft. loug, an inch broad. Stems 3-4 ft. long, with several heads and several large leaves. . Spathes 3-4- flowered ; outer valves lanceolate, green, sometimes long and leaf- like ; pedicel produced. Ovary with 3 deep and 3 shallower grooves. Perianth-tube cylindrical, an inch long, with many grooves ; limb 4-5 in. long, dark or pale lilac ; falls with an obovate blade 14-2 in. broad, and a broad downy greenish claw with a dis- tinct ridge down the centre ; standards shorter, erect, oblanceolate. Style-branches 14 in. long, very concave, green with a central lilac band, narrower than the claw of the fall ; crests deltoid. Hab. Southern United States from Kentucky to Texas and Florida. 38. I. r@rmissmma Linn. Sp. Plant. 57; Eng. Bot. t. 596; Red. Lil. t. 854: Reich. Ic. Germ. tab. 847. J. fetida Thunb. Xiphion fetidissimum Parl. Xyridion fetidissimum Klatt.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping ; sheaths fibrous. Leaves ensiform, slightly glaucous, moderately firm, 1-14 ft. long, 3-1 in. broad. Stem compressed, 2-3 ft. long, bearing 2-3 reduced leaves and 2-3 clusters of flowers. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 3 in. long; outer valves lanceolate, green, moderately firm; pedicels long. Perianth- tube greenish, funnel-shaped, 4in. long; limb bright lilac, 13-2 in. long ; falls with a suborbicular blade 3 in. broad, as long as the haft; standards shorter, oblanceolate, }-4 in. broad. Style- branches under an inch long; crests deltoid. Capsule oblong, obtusely trigonous, 2-24 in. long, rostrate. - Hab. Through Central and Southern Europe, from Madeira, Portugal and England to Afghanistan and Algeria. Easily recognised by the scent of the broken leaves. There is a whitish variety, with brown veins, figured Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. fig. 975. 89. I. rrosana Kerner; Stapf in Verh. Zool. Bot. Wien. 1887, 650.—Leaves ensiform, very acute, glaucescent. Stem above 3 ft. long, with many branches, much overtopping the leaves; outer spathe-valve entirely herbaceous; pedicel none. Perianth-tube longer than the ovary; limb bright violet-purple; falls obovate- violet, with blade longer than the haft, which is white bordered with yellow and veined with brown-purple; standards elliptic, bright violet, suddenly unguiculate. Crests of stigma broad, den- ticulate. Capsule cylindrical, apiculate, obtusely trigonous, not sulcate. Hab. Introduced from the Troad by Sintenis to the Vienna Garden. Flower with the fragrance of Robinia Pseudacacia. 40. I. pmvieara Fisch. et Mey, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. x. 36; Regel Gartenfl. t. 442, fig. 1; Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. t. 6132. — I. Gmelini Ledeb. JI. Kempferi Siebold ; Ill. Hort. t. 157; Fl. des Serres, t. 2073-4. J. itsihortsi Hassk. J. violacea Klatt. J. versi- color Thunb. Xyridion levigatum and violaceum Klatt.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves thin, ensiform, pale green, finely ribbed, 1-14 ft. long, 4-3 in. broad. Stem much overtopping the leaves, bearing 2-8 reduced leaves and usually only a single cluster 14 HANDBOOK OF IRIDE®, of flowers. Spathe 2-8-flowered, 2-8 in. long; outer valves firm, green lanceolate; pedicels }-2 in.long. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, Lin. long; limb 24-3 in. long, deep or light violet, rarely white ; falls with a spreading obovate limb longer than the haft, sometimes 14-2 in. broad; standards much shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate, tin. broad. Style-branches above an inch long; crests large, deltoid. Capsule obtusely ovoid-oblong, 1-14 in. long. Hab. Eastern Siberia and Japan. Widely cultivated by the Japanese in many varieties and latterly in Europe. It is much the most showy of all the Apogons, with the largest fall-blade. 41. I. rutva Muhl.; Ker in Bot. Mag. t. 1496; Reich. Fl. Exot, t. 88. I. cuprea Purch. Isis fulva Tratt. tab. t. 689, Newbeckia fulva Alefeld.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves thin, ensi- form, bright green, 14-2 ft. long, 4-1 in. broad. Stems 2-8 ft. long, forked low down, bearing about 3 heads, its lower leaves a foot or more long. Spathes 2-8-flowered, the valves except the outermost membranous; pedicels produced. Perianth-tube yellowish, about an inch long; limb 2 in. long, bright fulvous brown, all the seoments spreading from below the middle; falls obovate-cuneate, 4-1 in. broad, deeply emarginate, velvety on the face, with reddish- brown pubescence near the keel; standards shorter, oblanceolate- spathulate. Style-branches under an inch long; crests very small, broad. Capsule oblong, obtusely trigonous, 1-14 in. long. Hab. United States, principally in the southern States. One of the latest species to flowering, not opening round London till late in June. Connects Apogon and Pogoniris and very distinct in appearance through its fulvous flowers, with all the six segments spreading like those of a Morea. 42. I. Gutpenst@ptiana Lepech. in Act. Acad. Petrop. 1781, i. 292,t.8. TI. halophila Pallas. TI. stenogyna Red. Lil. sub. t. 310. I. Gawleri Red. Lil. 810. I. diluta M. Bieb. Cent. Pl. Ross. t. 81. I. dubia Poir. Xiphion Guldenstedtii and stenogynum Alefeld. Xyri- dion halophilum, stenogynum and Guldenstedtianum Klatt.—Rhizome stout, oblique, short-creeping; sheaths fibrous. Leaves moderately firm, pale green, ensiform, 1-14 ft. long, }-2 in. broad. Stem stout, terete, 14-2 ft. long, bearing 2-3 reduced leaves and often 1-2 spicate clusters of flowers below the end one. Spathes 2-38- flowered; outer valves lanceolate, firm, green, 24-3 in. long; pedicels shorter than the spathes. Perianth-tube as long as the ovary ; limb 14-2 in. long, pale yellow in the type; falls with an orbicular blade 4-2 in. broad, much shorter than the narrow haft, which has a bright yellow keel and faint lilac veins; standards rather shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate, erect. Style-branches 1-14 in. long; crests deltoid. Capsule oblong-hexagonal, 1-14 in. long, with a persistent beak an inch long and the three valves strongly ribbed near the margin. Hab. Transylvania and Moldavia and throughout Asia, from Asia Minor and the Caucasus to Kashmir and Mongolia. TI. sogdiana Bunge, is a variety with grey-lilac flowers. We have a specimen of the type from Kew Gardens, dried by Bishop Goodenough in 1788. Sintenis has found an alpine variety with linear leaves at 5000 ft. in Armenia. It is very near I. spuria. 43. I spuria Linn. Sp, Plant, 58; Bot, Mag. t. 58; Jacq. Fl. IRIs, 15 Austr.t. 4; Reich. Fl. Germ. fig.772, I.spathulataLam. I. Reichen- bachiana Klatt. Xyridion spurium and Reichenbachianum Klatt.— Rhizome stout, short-creeping, oblique; sheaths splitting into fibres. Leaves firm, linear, glaucescent, a foot long, }in. broad in the typical form. Stems overtopping the leaves, bearing 1-3 spicate heads and 3-4 reduced leaves. Spathes 2-8-flowered, 2-3 in. long; valves moderately firm, green, lanceolate; pedicels shorter than the spathe. Perianth-tube 4-2 in. long; limb bright lilac, 14-2 in. long; falls with an orbicular blade }in. broad, which is half as long as the haft, which is keeled with yellow and veined with lilac on a pale ground; standards rather shorter, oblanceolate-unguicu- late, 4-4 in. broad. Style-branches an inch long; crests small, deltoid. Capsule oblong-hexagonal, an inch long, conspicuously rostrate. Var. I. supparsata Joo in Verh. Sieb. Ver. 1858, 98.—Falls faintly bearded down the haft. Spathe-valves puberulous at the apex. Transylvania. Var. I. paznensts Kotschy.—More robust. Flowers grey-lilac; falls whitish with lilac-blue veins, bright yellow at the base of the blade, the haft veined and spotted with red. Anthers reddish- yellow. South Persia. Var. I. peserrorum Ker in Bot. Mag. t. 1514.—Segments pale lilac ; haft of falls bright yellow ; standards bordered with yellow. Var. I. norna M. Bieb. Cent. Ross. t. 77. I. halophila Ker in Bot. Mag. t. 875, non Pallas. J. spuria Red. Lil. t. 349. Xyridion nothum Klatt.—More robust than the type, with leaves an inch broad, flowering stems 2-8 ft. long and larger flowers and spathe- valves. Caucasus to Kashmir. Hab. Central and Southern Europe from Spain and France to Persia and Algeria. TI. sordida Retz, judging from the description, may be a form of this species. 44, I, aurea Lindl. in Bot. Reg. xxxiii. t. 59. I. crocea Jacquem. Xyridion aureim Klatt.—Rhizome stout, oblique. Leaves ensiform, moderately firm, hardly at all glaucous, 14-2 ft. long, 3-1 in. broad. Stem 3-83} ft. long, stout, terete, bearing several reduced leaves and about two sessile clusters beneath the end one. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 8-4 in. long; valves green, lanceolate; pedicels long. Perianth-tube as long as the ovary; limb bright yellow, 24-84 in. long ; falls with an oblong blade an inch broad, as long as the claw; standards shorter, oblanceolate, under 4 in. broad. Style-branches 14-14 in. long; crests deltoid. Capsule oblong, hexagonal, 14 in. long, conspicuously rostrate. Hab. Western Himalayas. Introduced into cultivation by Dr. Royle. Flowers in England early in July. 45. I. Monnrert DC. in Red. Lil. t. 2386. Xyridion Monnieri Klatt.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, mode- rately firm, slightly glaucous, 2-3 ft. long, 1-14 in. broad. Stem stout, terete, 38-4 ft. long, with several reduced leaves and sessile clusters of flowers. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 4-5 in. long; outer valves firm, green, lanceolate, an inch broad; pedicels long. 16 ‘HANDBOOK OF IRIDEM, Perianth-tube as long as the ovary; limb 2}-8} in. long, bright lemon yellow, without any dark veins; falls with an orbicular blade 1-14 in broad, as long as the claw; standards shorter, oblong-unguiculate, an inch broad. Style-branches 14 in. long; crests deltoid. Capsule oblong, hexagonal, 2 in. long, con- spicuously rostrate. Hab. Rhodes and Crete. Discovered and introduced into cultivation by Sieber in 1821. Does not flower round London till late in June. Very near I. orientalis. 46. I. orrentatis Miller, Gard. Dict. edit. 6, No. 9 (1768). (Icones, t. 154), non Thunb. J. ochroleuca Linn. Mant. 175; Curt. in Bot. Mag. t. 61; Red. Lil. t. 8350; Reich. Ic. Crit. fig. 1289. 1. gigantea Carriére. Xyridion ochroleucum Klatt.—Rhizome short, stout, oblique. Leaves firm, ensiform, slightly glaucous, 2-8 ft. long, an inch broad. Stem 3 ft. long, stout, terete, with 2-3 reduced leaves and 2-8 spicate clusters of flowers. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 4-6 in. long; valves firm, green, lanceolate, acumi- nate, an inch broad; pedicels long. Perianth-tube as long as the ovary; limb bright yellow, 3-34 in. long; blade of the falls obovate, an inch broad, as long as the haft; standards shorter, oblong-unguiculate, an inch broad. Style-branches 14 in. long; crests deltoid. Capsule oblong, hexagonal, 13-2 in. long, distinctly rostrate. Hab. Asia Minor and Syria; Island of Samos. Dr. Major 866! The Trojan I. Kerneriana Aschers. and Sint., only differs by its smaller flowers and narrower leaves and is probably the wild original of the species. Méillers’s name has priority over that of Linneus. The plant that does duty for I. ochro- leuca in the Linnean Herbarium is I. Pseudacorus. Subgenus IJ. Parpanrnopsis (Hance). 47. I. verna Linn. Sp. Plant. 58; Sweet, Brit. Flow. Gard. t. 68.—Rootstock wide-creeping; sheaths not splitting into fibres. Leaves linear, thin, slightly glaucous, finely veined, about 14 ft. long at the flowering time, + in. broad. Stem scarcely any, 1-headed. Spathes 1-flowered, about 2in. long; valves lanceolate, herbaceous green; pedicel short. Perianth-tube slender, 14 in. long; limb deep violet, 14 in. long; falls obovate-unguiculate, 4 in. broad, reflexing from halfway down, with a brilliant orange hairless keel down the claw; standards erect, plain violet, similar in shape. Style-branches 3 in. long; crests large, lanceolate- deltoid. Hab. Ohio, Kentucky, Virginia and other Southern United States. Leaves a foot long in autumn, persistent through the winter. 48. I. vepornsis Franch. et Savat. Enum. Jap. ii. 48, 522.— Habit and leaves of J. tectorum. Leaves ensiform, a foot long, nearly an inch broad at the middle, obliquely attenuate at the apex. Stem forked, about a foot long, Spathes 2-8-flowered; valves lanceolate, outer greenish, inner membranous. Perianth-tube 1 in. long; limb 3 in. long, deep violet-blue ; falls obovate, with a short haft, yellow at the base of the blade, much spotted and veined IRIS. Ey with red-brown; standards erect, obovate-unguiculate. Style- branches violet and yellow ; crests very short. Hab. Japan; Yedo, Savatier 1223, 49. I, Warm Baker—Leaves thin, ensiform, 14 ft. long. 14 in. broad at the middle at the flowering season. Stem not over- topping the leaves, bearing 5-6 heads on erecto-patent peduncles in a regular raceme. Spathes 2-3-flowered; outer valve thin, green, lanceolate-acuminate, 2 in. long; the next much shorter ; pedicels about an inch long, articulated at the apex. Perianth- tube infundibuliform, 4 in. long; limb pale lavender-blue; falls with an obovate blade 3 in. broad, as long as the haft, spotted and striped with dark purple and at the throat with yellow, apparently not crested; standards rather shorter, oblong-unguiculate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches an inch long; crests deltoid, deeply laciniated. Capsule small, oblong, obtusely trigonous. Hab. Manipur; summit of Kongui Hill, alt. 6000 ft., Watt 6337. Habit of I. -tectorum. 50. I. prcnoroma Linn. fil. Suppl. 97; Bot. Reg. t. 246; Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard. t. 96; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6428. 1. pomeri- diana Fischer. Pardanthus dichotomus Ledeb.—Rhizome short, stout, oblique ; sheaths not splitting into fibres. Leaves ensiform, falcate, moderately firm, a foot long, an inch broad. Stem slender, solid, terete, much overtopping the leaves, bearing 6-10 heads of flowers. Spathes 4-3 in. long, 5-6-flowered; outer valves sub- scariose, ovate or oblong; pedicels longer than the spathe, articu- lated at the apex. Flowers fugitive, twisting spirally. Perianth- tube obsolete; limb 1-14 in. long, whitish, spotted with lilac-blue, expanding only once in the afternoon; falls with a suborbicular blade 4 in. broad; the claw obscurely bearded, white, spotted with purple; standards oblong-unguiculate, nearly as long. Style- branches #in. long; crests lanceolate-deltoid. Capsule oblong- cylindrical, obtuse, 1-2 in. long. . Hab. Davuria and North China. Decaisne, in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xx. 300, places it in Evansea, and makes two species, H. dichotoma and E. vespertina. Subgenus III. Oncocycius (Siem.) 51. I. sustana Linn. Sp. Plant. 55; Curt. in Bot. Mag. t. 91; Flore des Serres, t. 1067-1068. J. punctata Moench. Oncocyelus susianus K. Koch.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves linear, very glaucous, moderately firm, 6-9 in. long at the flowering time, 4-1 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 4-1 ft. long, bearing 2-3 long leaves. Spathes 1—2-flowered, 3-4 in. long; valves green, lanceolate, ventricose, scariose towards the tip at the flowering time; pedicels short. Perianth-tube cylindrical, 1-14 in. long ; limb 3-4 in. long, finely veined and dotted with brown-black on a brownish-white ground; falls obovate-cuneate, rather longer than broad, with a diffused brown beard an inch broad ; standards with an orbicular blade broader than the fall, and a short claw. Style- branches an inch and a half long, convex on the back; crests very large; recurved. ¥ 18 HANDBOOK OF IRIDEX. Hab. Asia Minor and Persia. One of the most curious and best-known species of the genus. It is mentioned by Lobel and Clusius, and is said to have been introduced into Europe in 1573. JI. livida Tratt. (Red. Lil. t. 18) has smaller, more livid, less distinctly veined flowers than the type. 52. I. Garesu Foster in Gard. Chron. 1890, ii. 18, fig. 3.— Habit and foliage of J. susiana. Spathes 4 in. or more long; falls orbicular, reflexed, 8 in. broad, a delicate light grey, formed by fine veins of purple on a cream-white ground, sometimes sky- blue, with darker coloured veins, the throat densely hairy; standards ascending, 8-4 in. broad. Style-crests subquadrate. Hab. Armenia. Named after the Rev. T. F. Gates, of the American Mission at Mardin. 53. I. Bismarckrana Hort. Damman; Wein Gartenzeit. 1892, 855, fig. 72.—Habit of J. susiana. Leaves ensiform, glaucous- green, 8in. long. Stem 1-headed, above a foot long. Flower as large as in susiana ; falls orbicular, ash-grey with darker veins and a dark spot at the base; standards sky-blue, with blackish veins. Hab. Lebanon, Hort. Damman. 54. I. Lorrerit Barbey Herbor. Levant. t. 7.—Rootstock stout, short-creeping. Leaves thin, glaucous, ensiform, under a foot long at the flowering time, 2 in. broad. Peduncle short, 1-headed. Spathes 1-flowered, 5-6 in. long; valves pale green, lanceolate. Perianth-tube 14 in. long; limb about 4 in. long; falls obovate- cuneate, 3 in. broad, pale grey-lilaec, copiously spotted and finely striped with red-brown, with a dark brown spot at the throat and short yellow hairs down the haft; standards orbicular-unguiculate, erect-inflexed, pale grey, veined with red-brown. Style-branches red-brown, an inch broad, with large reflexed quadrate crenate crests. Hab. Southern slope of the Lebanon range, alt. 2000 ft., Lortet. 55. I. Heyianprana Boiss. Fl. Orient. V. 130.—Rhizome short- creeping. Leaves linear, glaucescent, falcate, 8-9 in. long, 4 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, above a foot long. Spathes 1-flowered ; valves lanceolate, green, membranous, 3 in. long; pedicel short. Perianth-tube an inch long; limb 14-2 in. long; falls obovate- cuneate, veined with brown-violet on a whitish ground, dark brown at the throat, diffusely bearded wlth white down the haft ; standards rather broader, orbicular-unguiculate, white, veined with brown. Style-crests short, broad, crenulate. Capsule obscurely trigonous, narrowed to both ends. Hab. Mesopotamia. Gathered by Olivier, Kotschy and Loftus. 56. I. Sart Schott; Baker in Gard. Chron. 1876, 4% 788.— Rhizome short, stout, oblique. Leaves pale green, linear-compli- cate, about 4 ft. long at the flowering time, 4-4 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 3-6 in. long, bearing about 2 lanceolate reduced leaves. Spathe 1-flowered, 2-3 in. long; valves lanceolate, green, mem- branous; pedicel very short. Perianth-tube cylindrical, an inch long; limb in the type bright lilac, 8 in. long; falls obovate- cuneate, 14-2 in. broad, reflexing from halfway down, with a IRIS. 19 diffused beard down the haft; standards broader and a little longer, orbicular, with a short claw. Style-branches above an inch long ; crests very large, reflexing. Var. turma Boiss.; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6960.—Falls with copious brown-black spots and lines on a pale brownish ground. Hab. Asia Minor and Palestine. Introduced into cultivation by Leichtlin about 1875. 57. I. Hayner Baker in Gard. Chron. 1876, ii. 710.—Leaves weak, linear, not at all falcate, 6-9 in. long at the flowering time, 4-14 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 6-8 in. long, bearing about two thin lanceolate bract-leaves. Spathe 1-flowered; valves thin, greenish, lanceolate-acuminate, 3 in. long; pedicel short. Perianth- tube an inch long; falls with an orbicular blade 14 in. broad, about as long as the ascending pilose haft; standards 3 in. long, orbicular, with a short claw. Style-branches above an inch long; crests quadrate. Hab. Palestine, on Mount Gilboa. Known only from a couple of dried specimens, collected by the late Mr. W. A. Hayne in 1872. Perhaps not distinct from I. Sari. 58. I. tuprna Foster in Gard. Chron. 1887, i. 738. — Rhizome short, fleshy. Leaves linear, light green, rather glaucous, a foot long at the flowering time, } in. broad. Stem #4 ft. long, 1-headed, bearing 2 long leaves. Spathe 1-flowered, 3-34 in. long; valves lanceolate, ventricose, persistent, pale green ; pedicel short. Perianth-tube cylindrical, 2 in. long; limb 38 in. long, dull yellowish green, with fine red-brown veins; falls obovate-cuneate, 14 in. broad, with a velvety dark brown patch at the throat and a diffused yellowish beard down the haft ; standards orbicular, with a short claw, 2 in. broad. Style-branches above an inch long; crests large, quadrate, serrated. Capsule oblong-trigonal. Hab. Turkish Armenia, near Kharput, Sintenis 450! Sent alive to Prof. Foster by Mrs. Barnum. 59. I. Hetenz Barbey Herbor. Levant, 159.—Rhizome short, moderately stout. Leaves linear-complicate, pale green, very faleate, 3-4 in. long at the flowering time. Peduncle 1-headed, 3-6 in. long, bearing 2-4 short leaves. Spathes 1-flowered, 2-3 in. long; valves lanceolate, membranous, pale green; pedicel very short. Perianth-tube cylindrical, greenish, 14 in. long; limb 2-24 in. long, pale lilac, with fine red-brown veins ; falls orbicular- cuneate, an inch broad, dark purple and velvety at the throat; standards 2 in. broad, orbicular, with a short claw. Style-branches an inch long; crests quadrate. Hab. Desert between Egypt and Palestine, in several places, Barbey! Discovered in 1880. Very near I. Sari. 60. I. rwertca Hoffm. Comm. i. 41; Regel Gartenfl. t. 386 and 713; Flore des Serres, t. 1963; Bot. Mag. t. 5847. Oncocyclus ibericus Siems.—Tufts crowded on a short rhizome. Leaves linear- complicate, 3-6 in. long at the flowering time, falcate, glaucous, 4 in. broad. Peduncle none or very short, 1-headed. Spathe 1-flowered, 2 in. long; valves green, membranous, lanceolate ; c 2 20 HANDBOOK OF IRIDER. pedicel very short. Perianth-tube greenish, cylindrical an inch long; limb 2 in. long; falls obovate, broadly cuneate, 1}-2 in. broad, in the type closely veined with dark brown on a pale brown ground, with a patch of dark brown at throat and a short diffused brown beard; standards orbicular, with a short claw, 2 in. broad, faintly veined. Style-arms brown, an inch long, reflexing almost from the base; crests deltoid, entire. Hab. Caucasus and mountains of Armenia and North Persia, ascending to 7000 ft. Var. Perryana, Florist, 1873, 25, with figure, has smaller flowers than the type and pale lilac standards. Var. ochracea Regel, has ochraceous-brown falls. Var. Bellii Baker, collected by Mr. Mark Bell in Luristan, has dark lilac standards. J. Van Houttei Hort. Leichtl., is a hybrid between this species and Ssusiaia,. 61. I. acurmora C. A. Meyer, Ind. Cauc. 32; Regel Gartenfl. t. 812, fig. 1. Onceucyclus acutilobus Siems. J. Helene K. Koch.— Tufts crowded on a short rhizome. Leaves linear-complicate, very faleate, 3-4 in. long at the flowering time, 4-4 in. broad. ‘Stem l-headed, very short. Spathe 1-flowered, 2 in. long; valves lan- ceolate, green, membranous; pedicel very short. Perianth-tube cylindrical, an inch long; limb 2 in. long; falls oblong, 4 in. broad, reflexing from halfway down, veined with brown-black on a pale brown ground, diffusely bearded with brown down the haft ; standards oblong-unguiculate, erect, twice as broad as the falls, paler, copiously veined. Style-branches an inch long; crests small, deltoid. Hab. Caucasus and mountains of Northern Persia. 62. I. parapoxa Stev. in Mem. Mose. V.355; Regel Gartenfi. t. 386, fig. 3; Garden, xxxii. 584; Bot. Mag. t. 7081. Oncocyclus para- dozus Siems.—Tufts crowded on a short rhizome. Leaves linear- complicate, 3-6 in. long at the flowering time, glaucous, very faleate, tin. broad. Stem 1-headed, 2-6 in. long. Spathe 1-flowered, 2-3 in. long; valves green, membranous, lanceolate; pedicel very short. Perianth-tube cylindrical, under an inch long; falls lingu- late, dark brown in the type, 1-13 in. long, with a very small orbicular blade 4 in. broad, and a diffusely-bearded claw; standards erect, white in the type, 14-2 in. broad, 2-8 in. long, orbicular, with a short claw. Style-branches an inch long; crests small, deltoid. wth vrioLacEA Baker.—Standards dark violet; falls tinged with violet. _ Hab. Mountains of Georgia and North Persia. Very distinct by its small lingulate falls. Subgenus IV. Recexia Foster. 638. I. Letcuriini Regel Deser. ix. 40. I. vaga Foster; Regel Gartenfl. t. 1244, fig. 7.—Rootstock slender, wide-creeping; tufts non-contiguous. Leaves ensiform, scarcely glaucous, moderately firm, 1-14 ft. long, in. broad. Stem 14 ft. long, 1-headed, bearing about 2 reduced leaves. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 24 in. long; valves oblong-lanceolate, green with a scariose tip at the IRIS. 21 flowering time; pedicel short. Perianth-tube cylindrical, 14 in. long; limb bright lilac, 2-23 in. long; falls with an oblong blade an inch broad, as long as the broad claw; beard close, lavender- white ; standards as broad, erect, oblong-unguiculate, the claw dis- tinctly bearded. Style-branches an inch long; crests broad, obtuse. Hab. Turkestan. Drawn for the Kew collection in May, 1888, from a plant flowered by Dr. Foster. _64. I. Suwarow: Regel Desecr. Pl. Nov. x. 45; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7029. I. lineata Foster; Regel Gartenfl. t. 1244, figs. 1-6.—Rhizome short-creeping. Leaves thin, linear, pale green, about a foot long at the flowering time, + in. broad. Stem 1-headed, about a foot long, bearing 2-3 reduced leaves. Spathes 2-flowered, 24-3 in. long; valves lanceolate, green, membranous, ventricose ; pedicel short. Perianth-tube cylindrical, 3-1 in. long ; limb 2 in. long, both sets of segments finely closely veined ali over with claret-purple on a pale greenish ground ; falls oblong-lanceo- late, subacute, 4 in. broad, with a violet-blue beard; standards as long, oblanceolate-unguiculate, the claw sometimes faintly bearded. Style-branches an inch long; crests deltoid, crenate. Hab. Turkestan, Dr. Albert Regel! Discovered and introduced into cultivation in 1885. 65. I. Korotxow: Regel Enum. Turkest. 82; Gartenfl. t. 766; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7025. — Rhizome short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, moderately firm, glaucous, a foot long at the flowering time, 3-1 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, about a foot long, bearing a single reduced leaf. Spathe 1-2-flowered, 3-4 in. long; outer valves membranous, green, lanceolate, ventricose ; pedicel short. Perianth-tube an inch long, cylindrical; limb 24-8 in. long, in the type milk-white, veined with red-brown; fills reflexing from half- way down, with an oblong blade an inch broad, with a brown patch at the throat and dark brown beard; standards as long and as broad, erect, oblong-unguiculate. Style-branches an inch long ; crests large, quadrate, crenulate. Capsule oblong, unequally hexagonal, 14-2 in. long, narrowed to the point. Hab. Turkestan. Sent alive by General Korolkow to St. Petersburg in 1879. Prof. Foster in Gard. Chron. 1888, ii. 36, describes four varieties, Leichtliniana, venosa (Gartenfl. t. 1358), violacea and concolor, of which the last, which has bright lilac flowers, is the most remarkable. 66. I. Barnuma Foster & Baker in Gard. Chron. 1888, ii. 182. —Rhizome slender, fleshy. Leaves weak, linear, glaucous, + ft. long at the flowering time, +-4 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 1-6 in. long, with a single sheathing leaf. Spathe 1-flowered, 2-24 in. long; valves lanceolate, greenish white, tinged with purple ; pedicel short. Perianth-tube greenish, 4 in. long; limb dark uniform claret-purple ; falls oblong-cuneate, 2 in. long, above an inch broad, with a soft whitish beard down the haft; standards erect, obovate- unguiculate, 24 in. long, 1din. broad, plain purplish black. Style- branches an inch long; crests short, broad, much recurved. Capsule ellipsoid-trigonous. Hab. Mountains of Armenia, near Van. Sent alive to Prof. Foster, by Mrs. Barnum, of the American Mission at Kharput. 22 HANDBOOK OF IRIDE. Subgenus V. Evansea (Salisb.). 67. I. craciures A. Gray Bot. Jap. 412.—Rhizome slender, wide-creeping, branched; tufts crowded; sheaths membranous. Leaves thin, green, linear, finally a foot long, + in. broad at the middle, with a few strong veins. Stems very slender, about as long as the leaves, 1-3-headed. Spathe 1-flowered, 4 in. long ; outer valve lanceolate, brown, membranous ; pedicel none. Peri- anth-tube 4 in. long; limb lilac, very fugitive, an inch long; falls obovate, 4-4 in. broad, with a yellow crest down the haft; standards oblanceolate. Style-branches } in. long; crests deltoid. Capsule small, oblong. Hab. Northern Japan. First collected by the American Exploring Expedition in 1853—56. 68. I. nepatensis D. Don Prodr. Nep. 54; Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard. ser. 2,t.11,non Wallich. J. decora Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar: t. 86. I. sulcata Wall. Neubeckia suleata and decora Klatt. — Rootstock short-creeping; root-fibres fleshy; sheaths splitting into a dense mass of fine fibres. Leaves thin, linear, 4 ft. long at the flowering time, finally graminoid, 14-2 ft. long, + in. broad. Peduncle slender, 4-1 ft. long, 1-2-headed. Spathes 1-3-flowered, 14-2 in. long; outer valves thin, green, lanceolate, persistent ; pedicels very short. Perianth-tube slender, 14 in. long ; limb fugitive, pale lilac, 1-14 in. long; falls with an oblong blade-’ in. broad, as long as the haft, furnished with a narrow yellow crest; standards erect, oblong-unguiculate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches under an inch long; crests large, toothed. Capsules oblong-trigonous, charta- ceous, 1-14 in. long, clasped by the persistent spathe-valves. Var. KkHastana Baker.— Flowers smaller. Angles of the capsule more acute.—Khasia. Hab. Temperate region of the Himalayas, from Simla eastward to Assam. A plant collected by Griffith in Bhotan has a much stouter compressed sulcate stem, 2 ft. long, with 3 long-stalked heads, with firmer green spathe-valves. 69. I. specutatrix Hance in Journ. Bot. 1875, 196; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6306.—Rhizome tortuous, as thick as a goose-quill; sheaths splitting into fibres. Leaves linear, moderately firm, finally 1-14 ft. long, 4 in. broad, strongly ribbed. Stems slender, 1-headed, under a foot long, bearing 2-3 small firm bract-leaves. Spathes 1-2-flowered; valves green, lanceolate, moderately firm, 14-2 in. long; pedicels long. Perianth-tube 4 in. long; limb lilac, 1-14 in. long; falls with an obovate blade half as long as the haft, with a white blotch at the throat and a yellow crest; standards rather shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate. Style-branches 4 in. long; crests deltoid; valves of capsule lanceolate-acuminate, an inch long. Hab. Mountains of Hong-kong. Described from a plant that flowered at Kew in April, 1877, sent by Mr. C. Ford. 70. I. racustris Nutt. Gen. Amer. i. 23.-—Rhizome, stolons and leaves of J. cristata. Stem scarcely any, 1-headed. Spathe 1- flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves linear, green, membranous ; IRIS. 23 pedicel 4 in. long. Perianth-tube under an inch long; limb lilac, an inch long; falls with an obovate blade shorter than the haft, the crest of which is yellow; standards as broad as the falls. Capsule oblong, 4 in. long. Hab. Gravelly shores of Lakes Huron and Michigan, both on the States and Canadian sides. Very near I. cristata. 71. I. cristata Ait. Hort. Kew, i. 71; Smith Spic. t. 18; Bot. Mag. t. 412; Red. Lil. t. 76. JI. odorata Pers. Neubeckia cristata Alefeld.—Rhizome slender, wide-creeping, sending out long stolons. Leaves thin, ensiform, finally 6-8 in. long, 4-$ in. broad at the middle, narrowed to both ends. Stem very short, 1-headed, with 2-3 membranous, lanceolate bract-leaves. Spathes 1-2-flowered, 14-2 in. long; outer valves lanceolate, green, membranous, very ventricose; pedicels short. Perianth-tube very slender, 14-2 in. long; limb pale lilac, 1-14 in.long; fall with an obovate blade 4 in. broad, much shorter than the haft, the throat and crest yellow; standards rather shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate, } in. broad. Style-branches 3 in. long; crests deltoid. Capsule small, oblong, sharply angled, hidden in the persistent spathe. Hab. Mountains of Kentucky, Virginia and Carolina. There isa specimen at South Kensington, dried, from the garden of Collinson in 1766. It was con- fused by Linnzus with verna, and this is the plant of the herbarium of Gronovius. 72. I. Mizesu Foster in Gard. Chron. 1883, 1. 281; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6889.—Rootsock stout, wide-creeping ; sheaths not splitting into fibres. Leaves thin, pale green, ensiform, 14-2 ft. long at the flowering time, 14 in. broad at the middle. Stem overtopping the leaves, bearing 4-5 heads and several reduced leaves. Spathes many-flowered, 14-14 in. long; valves oblong, pale, subscariose ; pedicels as long as the spathe, articulated at the apex. Perianth- tube 4 in. long; limb bright lilac, 14-2 in. long; falls with an oblong-cuneate claret-purple blade 3-1 in. broad, spotted and veined with lilac in the centre and furnished with a sharply-toothed yellow crest; standards oblong-unguiculate, also spreading, rather shorter. Style-branches an inch long; crests large, quadrate, sharply toothed. Hab. Kulu, North-western Himalayas. Collected by Sir D. Brandis in 1876. First flowered in cultivation by Max Leichtlin at Baden Baden, in June, 1881. 738. I. recrorum Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Peters. vii. 563; Regel Gartenfl. t. 716; Hook fil. in Bot. Mag. t. 6118; Flore des Serres, t. 2282. JI. tomiolopha Hance. I. cristata Miquel. —Rhizome wide- creeping, thick, tortuous, its shoots sessile. Leaves thin, ensiform, pale green, strongly ribbed, a foot or more long, 1-1} in. broad. Stem 14 ft. long, bearing one or few heads on long peduncles ; Spathe 2-3 flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves thin, green, lanceolate, acuminate; pedicels much shorter than the spathe. Perianth-tube above an inch long; limb bright lilac, 2 in. long; falls with an orbicular. blade 14 in. broad, narrowed suddenly to a short haft, variegated with darker lilac, white at*the throat, with a deeply laciniated lilac and white crest; standards also spreading, nearly as 24 HANDBOOK OF IRIDEX. broad, plain lilac, oblong, with a short claw. Style-branches an inch long; crests quadrate, serrated. Capsule oblong-trigonous, 14 in. long, minutely rostrate, the valves flat on the back. Hab. China and Japan. Introduced into cultivation about 1874. 74. I. sarontca Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ii. 827. I. chinensis Curt. in Bot. Mag. t. 873; Regel Gartenfl. t. 511. J. fimbriata Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 9; Red. Lil. t. 152. Evansia chinensis Salisb. Isis fimbriata Tratt.— Rhizome thick, wide-creeping, sending out slender stolons; sheaths not splitting into fibres. Leaves thin, green, ensiform, 1-13 ft. long at the flowering time, 1-14 in. broad at the middle. Flowering-stem as long as the leaves, bearing many heads in a regular raceme. Spathes 3-4-flowered, under an inch long; outer valves oblong, pale green; pedicels as long as the spathes, articulated at the apex. Perianth-tube 3 in. long; limb pale lilac, fugitive, 1-14 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, 4—-} in. broad, crisped towards the edge, yellow at the throat and down the haft, with a central crest and other faint ridges; standards rather shorter, oblong-unguiculate, also spreading. Style-branches 4-3 in. long ; crests deeply fimbriated. Hab. Japan and North China. There is a specimen in the Banksian Herbarium, dried from Kew in 1792. Subgenus VI. Pseuprvansia. 75. I. emerrensts Baker.—Tufts crowded ; sheaths not splitting into fibres. Leaves weak, linear, 6-9 in. long at the flowering time, 3-4 in. broad. Peduncle slender, 1-headed, 4-6 in. long. Spathe 2-flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves lanceolate, green, with a pale margin; pediceJs short. Perianth-tube under an inch long; limb bright lilac, 12 in. long; falls with an oblong blade 2 in. broad, much shorter than the haft, which is strongly bearded ; standards oblong-unguiculate. Style-branches under an inch long; crests small, deltoid. z Hab. Gilgit, alt. 12,000 ft., Dr. Giles 185! Differs from kumaonensis by its small fall-blades. 76. I. contocarpa Baker in Gard. Chron. 1876, ii. 710.—- Sheaths short, splitting into a few slender fibres. Leaves weak, linear, 6-8 in. long at the flowering time, 4, in. broad. Stem slender, 1-headed, } ft. long, bearing a single linear leaf. Spathe 1-flowered; valves lanceolate, persistent, an inch long; pedicel none, or very short. Perianth-tube 4-3 in. long; limb probably lilac, an inch long; falls oblong-cuneate, 4 in. broad, with a strong beard down the keel ; standards oblong-unguiculate. Style-branches 4 in. long; crests large, deltoid, acute. Capsule small, oblong. Hab. Temperate region of Sikkim, 10,000-—-13,000 ft., Sir J. D. Hooker! Habit of I. nepalensis, but falls strongly bearded. 77. I. xumaonensis Wall. Cat. No. 5052. J. tigrina Jacqem. I. Kingiana Foster in Gard. Chron. 1887, i. 611; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6957.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping; tufts crowded ; outer sheaths breaking up into fine fibres. Leaves linear, pale IRIS. 25 green, moderately firm, finally a foot or more long, 4 in. broad. Pedunele nearly obsolete in the typical form, 1-headed. Spathes 1-flowered; valves lanceolate, ventricose, pale green, 2-8 in. long ; pedicels very short. Perianth-tube 2-24 in. long; limb bright lilac, 14-2 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, spreading from halfway down, 2 in. broad, blotched with darker lilac, furnished with a beard down the haft of yellow-tipped hairs, arising from a white crest; standards erect, oblong-unguiculate, above 4 in. broad. Style-branches under an inch long; crests deltoid. Capsule char- taceous, shortly rostrate, broad-oblong, 1-1} in. long. Var. cauLescens Baker.— Peduncle 4-6 in. long. Spathes sometimes 2-flowered. Perianth-tube much shorter. Hab. Temperate region of the Western and Central Himalayas, ascending to 12,000 ft. in Kashmir. 78. I. Duruien Foster in Gard. Chron. 1887, i. 611.—Rhizome gnarled and knotty. Leaves linear, pale green, finally 2 ft. long, 4 in. broad. Peduncle very short, 1-headed. Spathe 1-flowered ; valves lanceolate, pale green, 14 in. long. Perianth-tube 3 in. or more long; limb 2 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, reddish lilac, with deeper veins and blotches; claw bearded ; standards oblong- unguiculate, erect. Style-branches reddish lilac; crests deltoid, crenate. Capsule broad-oblong, trigonous, 1} in. long, rostrate. Hab. Temperate region of Kumaon. Gathered by Mr. Duthie. Flowered by Professor Foster in 1887. Is it not a variety of I. kumaonensis ? _ 79. I. Hooxertana Foster in Gard. Chron. 1887, i. 611.— Rhizome less fleshy than in Pogoniris. Leaves linear, 6-8 in. long at the flowering time, finally 2 ft. long, 4-3 in. broad, pale green, not rigid. Peduncle 5-6 in. long, 1-headed; spathe-valves green, lanceolate, ventricose. Perianth-tube 4 in. long; limb 14-2 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, under an inch broad, purplish blue, with darker blotches; claw white, with violet veins and a thick beard of yellow-tipped white hairs arising from an obscure crest; standards oblong-unguiculate, erect, 4 in. broad. Style-branches very convex on the back; crests deltoid, coarsely serrulate. Capsule small, oblong-trigonal, rostrate. Hab. Lahul; sent by the Moravian missionaries to Max Leichtlin. Flowered by Prof. Foster in 1887. 80. I. Cuarxer Baker.—Rhizome stout, wide-creeping ; sheaths long, splitting into fine fibres. Leaves linear, moderately firm, finally 14-2 ft. long, 4-4 in. broad. Stem about a foot long, 1-2 headed, bearing 2-3 reduced leaves. Spathes 1-2-flowered, 24-3 in. long ; valves lanceolate, green, persistent; pedicels nearly as long as the spathe. Perianth-tube infundibuliform, 4 in. long ; limb bright lilac, 2 in. long ; falls oblong-cuneate, 3 in. broad, with a bright yellow throat and beard arising from a crest; standards with a small oblong blade and long slender claw. Style-branches an inch long, bright lilac; crests quadrate. Capsule oblong- trigonous, 14 in. long; valves rigid, brown, with a raised keel. Hab. Temperate region of Sikkim, at Tenglo and Yakla, alt. 10,000 ft., Sir J. D. Hooker! Clarke! We have at Kew a coloured sketch made by Sir J. D. Hooker in 1848. 26 HANDBOOK OF IRIDEX. 81. I. Ausert1 Regel Gartenfl. t. 999; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7020.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, slightly glaucous, 14-2 ft. long, above an inch broad. Stem 5-6-headed, overtopping the leaves. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves ovate, quite scariose at the flowering time; pedicels short. Perianth-tube under an inch long; limb bright lilac, 2 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, under an inch broad, reflexing from halfway down; beard white tipped with yellow, springing from a rudi- mentary crest ; standards as long as the falls, broader, orbicular- unguiculate. Deltoid crest of the stigma not reaching the top of the beard. Hab. Turkestan. Gathered by Fetisow and Dr. Albert Regel. Introduced lately into England by Professor Foster. Habit and foliage of I. pallida and germanica, and yery different from the other species of the group. Subgenus VII. Poconzris. 82. I. pummia Linn. Sp. Plant. 56 ex parte; Curt. in Bot. Mag. t. 9; Red. Lil. t. 261; Jacq. Fl. Austr. t.1; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. tab. 327, fig. 752. J. Clusiana Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. tab. 828, fig. 755.—Tufts crowded ona short rhizome. Leaves linear, 2-4 in. long at the flowering time, slightly glaucous, }-4 in. broad. Stem none or very short, 1-headed. Spathe 1-flowered, 13-2 in. long; valves lanceolate, scariose towards the tip at the flowering time; pedicel none or very short. Flowers not fragrant. Perianth-tube green, filiform, 2-24 in. long; limb 14-2 in. long, fugitive, yellow or light or dark lilac; falls oblong-cuneate, 3 in. broad, reflexing from halfway down, densely bearded ; standards as long, oblong- unguiculate, the same breadth as the falls. Style-branches an inch long; crests lanceolate-deltoid. Capsule oblong-trigonous, 1-14 in. long. Hab. Central and South-eastern Europe, from Austria to the Caucasus, Greece and Asia Minor. I. attica Boiss. et Held.; Regel Gartenfi. t. 377, fig. 2, is a variety with falcate narrow leaves, pale yellow fiowers with the divisions veined with brown-lilac on the claw ; I. cerulea Spach (Bot. Mag. t. 1261) has bright blue flowers, with a rather shorter tube than in the type; I. stenoloba Herb. DC., from Moldavia, a lilac or yellow limb 14 in. long, with divisions 4 in. broad and a tube the same length as the limb; and the Crimean I. equiloba Led., a short stem, narrower lilac or yellow perianth-segments, and larger stigmatic crests. I cannot distinguish from the type I. transilvanica Schur. 83. I. psxupo-pumita Tineo Cat. Hort. Panarm. 1827, 28. J. panarmitana Todaro.—Rhizome short, oblique, as thick as a man’s finger. Leaves ensiform, glaucescent, 6-9 in. long at the flowering time, 4-3 in. broad, narrowed suddenly to an oblique tip. Stem 1-headed, sometimes 6-8 in. long. Spathes 1-flowered, 3 in. long, quite hidden by the sheathing leaves; valves lanceolate, mem- branous, green, rather ventricose; pedicels short. Perianth-tube slender, 2-24 in. long; limb varying from yellow to bright lilac, 2-24 in. long ; falls oblong-unguiculate, 3 in. broad, reflexing from halfway down, bearded down the haft; standards rather broader, oblong-unguiculate. Style-branches an inch long ; crests lanceolate- deltoid, 4 in. long. TRIS. oT Hab. Mountains of Sicily, flowering from March to May. Intermediate between pumila and Chamairis. I cannot separate clearly a plant received through Dr. Reichenbach from the Botanic Garden of Gottingen, called ‘TJ. valentina.” 84. I. suaveotens Boiss. Diagn. xiii. 15. — Stems 3-5 in. long, 1-flowered. Leaves ensiform, glaucescent, overtopping the flower, finally a foot long. Spathe of two little-inflated green acutely- keeled lanceolate valves. Flowers greenish yellow, very fragrant ; tube one-third longer than the limb; segments much smaller than in J. pumila; falls oblong-cuneate, with a central patch of lilac- blue and a yellow beard; standards rather broader and crisped at the edge. Crests lanceolate, toothed on the outer edge. Hab. Plains of Bulgaria. Cultivated by Boissier at Geneva. 85. I. Recer1t Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Peters. x. 718. — Root- stock short, oblique; tufts crowded; sheaths long, brown, rigid. Leaves narrow linear, strongly veined, much overtopping the flower. Stem obsolete, 1-headed; spathe 1-flowered, 14 in. long; valves rigid, green, lanceolate; pedicel short. Perianth-tube fili- form, 2 in. long; limb lilac, an inch long; falls with a small oblong blade, not more than half as long as the bearded haft; standards as long as the falls, oblanceolate-unguiculate. Style- branches 3 in. long; crests small. Hab. Mountains of Songaria and Turkestan. First gathered by Semenow. Very distinct. Most like I. tenwifolia in habit, but bearded. 86. I. Poranint Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Peters. x. 721.—Rhizome short-creeping ; tufts crowded; sheaths splitting up into fibres. Leaves narrow linear, two overtopping the flower, 6-8 in. long, qs-4 in. broad. Stem nearly obsolete, 1-headed. Spathe 1-flowered, 14 in. long; valves lanceolate, acute, lax, green, membranous; pedicel short. Perianth-tube above an inch long; limb sulphur- yellow, 14 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, densely bearded, under 4 in. broad; standards oblong-unguiculate, 44 in. broad. Style- branches # in. long; crests deltoid-acuminate. Hab. Eastern Siberia and Mongolia. Is in the Smithian Herbarium, from Pallas, labelled ‘‘ pumila.” 87. I. Caamaimis Bertol. Fl. Ital. iii. 609. J. pumila Linn. Herb.! J. lutescens Red. Lil. t. 263, non Lam.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, pale green, 3-4 in. long at the flowering time, +-4 in. broad. Peduncle very short, 1-headed. Spathe 1-flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves lanceolate, ventricose, entirely green or scariose towards the tip at the flowering time; pedicel very short. Flowers not fragrant. Perianth-tube greenish, about an inch long, funnel-shaped in the upper half; limb bright yellow ; falls obovate-cuneate, an inch broad, with a dense yellow beard and haft tinged and veined with brown; standards as long and broad, oblong-unguiculate. Style-branches an inch long; crests deltoid. Capsule oblong-trigonous, 14 in. long, narrowed to the point. Var. I. rranica Parl. Fl. Ital. iii. 185.—Stature and foliage of the type, but limb dark violet. 98 HANDBOOK OF IRIDEX, Var. I. orsrensts Henon in Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyon, vii. 462, with figure ; Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. t. 6110.—More robust, with broader leaves, dark violet flowers and stem sometimes 6-9 in. long. Hab. North Italy and the South of France to Dalmatia and the Banat. Was included under pumila by Linneus and many of the older authors. It flowers with us late in April. 88. I. Ticrip1a Bunge in Led. FI, Alt. 1. 60; Led. Ic. t. 342.— Rhizome short-creeping ; tufts crowded; root-fibres long, cylin- drical ; sheaths splitting into copious fibres. Leaves firm, narrow, linear, erect, strongly ribbed, 3-4 in. long. Stem nearly obsolete, 1-headed. Spathe 1-flowered, 1-14 in. long; valves lanceolate, greenish or subscariose ; pedicel short. Perianth-tube slender, an inch long; limb bright lilac, 14 in. long ; falls oblong-unguiculate, 4 in. broad, densely bearded, reflexing from halfway down; standards as long, oblong-unguiculate. Style-branchies lilac, 3 in. long; crests lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate. Hab. Altai, Eastern Siberia and Mongolia. 89. I. cracizis Maxim in Bull. Acad. Peters. x. 720.—Rhizome oblique ; tufts cspitose ; root-fibres slender; sheaths short, fibrelose. Leaves narrow linear, grass-like, shorter than the stem. Stem l-headed, a foot long. Spathe short, 1-flowered; valves oblong-lanceolate, acute, green; pedicel obsolete. Perianth-tube shorter than the ovary; limb pale blue; falls obovate-oblong, with a yellow beard; standards oblong with a short claw, shorter than the falls, emarginate. Style-crests half-deltoid. Hab. Western China, in the province of Kansui. Collected by Przewalski in 1873. Habit and leaves of I. nepalensis. 90. I. Mepa Stapf Bot. Polak. 20; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7040. —RKhizome more slender than in J. pumila; sheaths splitting up into fibres. Leaves linear, glaucous, not rigid, 4-5 inches long at the flowering time, 3 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 4-5 in. long. Spathe 1-flowered, 2-23 in. long; valves green, lanceolate, acutely keeled; pedicel short. Perianth-tube cylindrical, green, under an inch long; falls obovate-cuneate, 2 in. long, above 4 in. broad, reflexing from halfway down, greenish yellow, with a brown centre, with copious brown veins and a dense yellow beard ; standards as long and nearly as broad, oblong-unguiculate. Style-branches an inch long ; crests small, deltoid. Hab. Persia. Discovered by Polak in 1882 and brought to Vienna. Intro- duced into England by Dr. Foster in 18838. 91. I. Poraxnu Stapf in Bot. Polak, 20. — Rhizome very short. Leaves narrow, linear, as long as the stem. Stem 1-headed, 3-4 in. long. Spathe 1-flowered, 2 in. long; valves pale, lanceo- late; pedicel short. Perianth-tube $ in. long; falls obovate- cuneate, 2 in. long, an inch broad, deflexed from below the middle. with a dark violet beard and dark violet spot above it; falls oblong- unguiculate, rather shorter than the standards, lilac veined with violet. Style-branches an inch long; crests deltoid. —— IRIS. 29 Hab. Persia; at Haideri, alt. 8000—9000 ft. Polak. Differs from I. Chameiris by its linear leaves. 92. I. anenarra Waldst. & Kit, Pl. Rar. Hung. t. 57; Red. Lil. t. 296; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 549; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. tab. 330, fig. 757.—Rhizome much-branched, cylindrical, wide-creeping, so that the tufts are non-contiguous; sheaths not splitting into fibres. Leaves few in a tuft, linear, moderately firm, 3-4 in. long at the flowering time, $-4 in. broad. Peduncle very short, 1-headed. Spathes 1-2-flowered; valves oblong or lanceolate, green, ventri- cose, 3-1} in. long; pedicel as long as the ovary. Perianth-tube 4 in. long; limb bright. yellow, 1-14 in. long; falls oblong- cuneate, 1-3 in. broad, reflexing from halfway down ; beard bright yellow; standards rather shorter and narrower than the falls. Style-branches 4 in. long; crests lanceolate. Capsule oblong- trigonous, an inch long. Hab. Hungary, Transylvania and the South of Russia, growing in dry sand. Very distinct. It forms the section Psammiris of Spach. 93. I. ruavissmma Pallas Iter. 11. 715; Jacq. Ic. t. 220.—Rhizome moderately stout, short-creeping ; tufts crowded ; sheaths splitting into fibres. Leaves thin, linear, 4-8 in. long at the flowering time, +-4 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 1-6 in. long. Spathe 1-2- flowered, 1-14 in. long; valves oblong or lanceolate, ventricose, green with a scariose edge; pedicel as long as the ovary. Perianth- tube 4 in. long; limb bright yellow, 1-14 in. long; falls oblong- cuneate, 4-3 in. broad, reflexing from halfway down; beard bright yellow ; standards rather shorter, oblong-unguiculate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches 3-3 in. long; crests deltoid. Var. I. Buoupovu Led. FI. Alt. tii. 831; Ic. t. 101.—More robust, with broader leaves, a longer stem and larger flowers. Hab. Siberia and Mongolia, ascending to 6000 ft. on the mountains of Turkestan. 94. I. panpurata Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Peters. x. 723.— Root- stock slender; radical fibres a span long; tufts crowded; sheaths hyaline, not splitting into fibres, 14 in. long. Leaves green, not rigid, linear, 4-5 in. long. Stem 1-headed, shorter than the leaves. Spathe 2-flowered, 14 in. long; valves lanceolate-acuminate ; pedicels obsolete. Perianth-tube half as long again as the ovary, which is 4-4 in. long; limb blue, above an inch long; falls ovate- oblong, shortly unguiculate, bearded with yellow; standards shorter, panduriform, emarginate. Style-branches nearly an inch long ; crests oblique, ovate, acute. Hab. West China; province of Kansui, Przewalski. 95. I. srotonirera Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Petersb. x. 732.— Rhizome very short, bearing long fusiform root-fibres and stolons from its neck; sheaths spliting up into a few fine fibres. Leaves linear, pale green, moderately firm, about a foot long at the flowering time, 4-1 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 3-1 ft. long. Spathe 1-2- flowered, about 2 in. long; valves pale green, membranous, lanceo- late; pedicels very short. Perianth-tube an inch long; limb pale or dark lilac ; 14-2 in, long; falls obovate-cuneate, nearly an inch 30 HANDBOOK OF IRIDEX. broad, with a densely-bearded haft; standards shorter and narrower. Style-branches an inch long; crests deltoid, crenate. Capsule elliptico-hexagonal. Hab. Mountains of Turkestan, alt. 2500—7000 ft., Dr. A. Regel. 96. I. tonatscarA Ledeb. FI. Ross. iv. 93. I. filifolia Bunge.— Rhizome short; tufts crowded; inner sheaths membranous, outer splitting into fibres. Leaves slender, subterete, moderately firm, 4 ft. long, sometimes faleate. Stem slender, 1-headed, 8-6 in. long. Spathe 1-2-flowered ; valves lanceolate, scariose towards the tip at the flowering time; pedicels very short. Perianth-tube an inch long; limb pale lilac-blue, as long as the tube; falls with a bearded oblong blade 4 in. broad, much shorter than the haft; standards oblanceolate-unguiculate ; claw faintly bearded. Style- branches 3 in. long; crests lanceolate-deltoid. Hab. Central Asia; from the shores of the Caspian to Turkestan, where it ascends the mountains to 10,000 ft. 97. I. raucrror1a Bunge, Rel. Lehm. 329. — Rhizome short- creeping; tufts crowded; inner sheaths membranous; outer splitting into fine fibres. Leaves narrow linear, moderately firm, faleate, 6-9 in. long, 4, in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 6-9 in. long. Spathes 1-3-flowered, 1-1} in. long; valves lanceolate, scariose towards the edge and tip at the flowering time ; pedicels none or very short. Perianth-tube 1-1} in. long, narrowly funnel-shaped in the upper third; limb 1-14 in. long, pale lilac-blue ; falls with an oblong blade 4 in. broad, much shorter than the bearded haft ; standards oblanceolate-unguiculate, with a faintly bearded claw. Style-branches 3-1 in. long; crests large, lanceolate-deltoid. Capsule oblong, acutely angled, 1-14 in. long. Hab. Central Asia, Beluchistan and Afghanistan. Gathered lately abun- dantly by Dr. Aitchison. Nearly allied to I. nepalensis and gontocarpa, although the three species, in the classification here followed, fall in three different groups. 98. I. nuBromaRGinaTA Baker in Gard. Chron. 1875, i. 524.— Rhizome stout, short-creeping; tufts crowded. Leaves ensiform, green with a red margin, falcate, 2-4 in. long at the flowering time, 4-4 in. broad. Peduncle very short, 1-headed. Spathes 1-2-flowered, 2-3 in. long; valves lanceolate, green, membranous, acutely keeled, tinged with red on the keel and margin; pedicel very short. Perianth-tube very slender, greenish, 14-2 in. long; limb yellow or lilac, 2-24 in. long; falls obovate-cumeate, } in. broad, reflexing from halfway down, densely bearded; standards as long, obovate-unguiculate, an inch broad. Style-branches an inch long; crests small, deltoid. ' Hab. Scutari, Barbey! Troy, Sintenis 388! Mountains of Central Asia Minor, Mrs. Danford! Described from living plants sent by Leichtlin in April, 1875. Near I. pumila, but fragrant. 99. I. mevurta Janka, Adat. Erd. 272.—Rhizome stout, oblique. Leaves ensiform, falcate, about as long as the stem. Stem 3-4 in. long, 1-headed. Spathe 2-flowered, 3 in. long; valves green, lan- ceolate, acutely keeled; pedicel short. Perianth-tube as long as IRIS. $I the limb; limb dark lilac, 2 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, $-1 in. broad ; beard blue; standards obovate-unguiculate, as long and as broad as the falls. Style-branches an inch long; crests deltoid. Hab. Northern Thrace, near Phillipolis. Described from a specimen gathered by Janka, lent to me by Leichtlin. 100. I. spatxana Janka, Adat. Erd. 173. — Rhizome stout, oblique; tufts crowded. Leaves ensiform, glaucescent, 3-4 in. long at the flowering time. Stem 6-9 in. long, 1-headed. Spathes 1-2-flowered, 2 in. long; valves lanceolate, green ; pedicel short. Perianth-tube an inch long; limb dark claret-lilac, 24-8 in. long ; falls obovate-cuneate, 1-14 in. broad, reflexing from low down, the dense white beard tipped with lilac; standards erect, oblong- unguiculate, 14 in. broad, the same colour. Style-branches an inch long; crests deltoid. - Hab. Balkans. Sent alive to Kew by Leichtlin in 1878. Flowers early in ay. 101. I. arrovionacea Lange in Bot. Tids. 1882, 18.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, very glaucous, a foot long at the flowering time, 3-1 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, about as long as the leaves. Spathes 2-3-flowered; valves oblong, ventricose, 1-1} in. long, entirely scariose at the flowering time; pedicel very short. Flowers dark violet, very fragrant. Perianth-tube under an inch long; falls obovate-cuneate, 3 in. long, 14 in. broad, reflexing from halfway down; beard white, tipped with yellow; standards as long, orbicular-unguiculate, 2 in. broad. Style- branches above an inch long; crests deltoid. Hab. Known only in cultivation. Probably a hybrid between Chameiris and pallida. Flowers with us late in May. 102. I. manpsHurica Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Peters. x. 724.— Rhizome short-creeping; sheaths not split into fibres. Leaves ensiform, green, 4 ft. long, 4 in. broad. Stem very short, 1-headed. Spathe 2-flowered, 14 in. long; valves lanceolate, green, with a scariose edge; pedicel short. Perianth-tube 4 in. long; limb yellow; falls obovate-cuneate, truncate, 14-2 in. long, 4 in. broad; beard yellow ; standards shorter, rather narrower. Style-branches above an inch long; crests obtuse, dentate. Hab. Southern Manchuria, flowering late in May, Guldenstadt. Near I. flavissima. 103. I. scartosa Willd. in Spreng. Schrad. & Link Jahrb. iii. 71. 1. glaucescens Bunge in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. i. 58; Ledeb. Ie. t. 102.— Rhizome short-creeping, as thick as a man’s finger; tufts crowded ; sheaths fibrous. Leaves ensiform, glaucescent, 4-1 ft. long at the flowering time, 4-3 in. broad, the outer faleate. Peduncle 1-headed, 2-6 in. long. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 2-24 in. long; valves green, lanceolate, membranous ; pedicel very short. Perianth-tube greenish, 12-2 in. long; limb yellow or lilac, 2 in. long; falls obovate-unguiculate, 4-3 in. broad, reflexing from halfway down, densely bearded ; standards as long and as broad. Style-branches 32 HANDBOOK OF IRIDEX, an inch long; crests lanceolate-deltoid. Capsule oblong-trigonous, 2 in. long, narrowed gradually to the point. Var. I. Evterenpr Regel Gartenfl. t. 954 ; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6902.—More robust, with stem about a foot long, larger lilac flowers and broader leaves. Hab. Siberia; from the Caspian to Songaria, Turkestan and Mongolia. Flowers with us late in May. 104. I. Grirriran Baker.—Rhizome nearly an inch thick. Leaves ensiform, 6-9 in. long at the flowering time, 3-2 in. broad. Stems slender, 1-headed, 8-4 in. long. Spathes 2-flowered ; valves lanceolate, membranous, green to the top, 3-8 in. long; pedicel obsolete. Perianth-tube slender, 2 in. long; limb 14-2 in. long, dark lilac; falls oblong-cuneate, under an inch broad, bearded more than halfway up; standards oblong-unguiculate. Hab. Afghanistan ; Kaffiristan, Grifith 5904! Allied to I. scariosa. Another Afghan plant collected by Griffith (5915, ex parte) has a 2-inch tube, much longer stems, and green acute spathe-valves 24-3 in. long. 105. I. parwastca Regel Descr. x. 39.— Rhizome stout ; sheaths splitting into fibres. Leaves rigid, narrowly ensiform, as long as the stem, 4-4 in. broad. Setm 1-headed. Spathes 2-flowered. oblong, scariose above the base; pedicels obsolete; white flower 3-81 in. long. Perianth-tube longer than the ovary; limb violet- brown, with deeper-coloured veins; segments subequal, obovate, ~ the outer bearded. Hab. Eastern Bokhara, alt. 7000 ft. Discovered by Dr. Albert Regel in 1883. 106. 1. virescens DC. in Red. Lil. t. 925.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, slightly glaucous, 8-9 in. long at the flowering time, 4-3 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 9-12 in. long; bearing about 2 reduced leaves. Spathes 1-2-flowered, 2-24 in. long; valves oblong, ventricose, membranous, green with a scariose edge and tip at the flowering time ; pedicel very short. Perianth-tube about an inch long; limb 2-24 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, 3-1 in. broad, reflexing halfway down, greenish- yellow, veined on the haft with dull purple; beard bright yellow; standards as long and broad, obovate-unguiculate, dull yellow. Style-branches an inch long; crests lanceolate-deltoid, acute, serrulate. Hab. Valais, near Sion, Gay! Boissier! Flowers fugitive, appearing at the end of April. Janka refers here the Transylvanian I. binata Schur. 107. 1. Rercuenpacutana Heuff. (ister. Bot. Zeit. 1858, 28.— Rhizome short, stout. Leaves ensiform, 6-8 in. long at the flowering time, 3 in. broad. Stem slender, 1-headed, nearly a foot long. Spathe very ventricose, 2 in. long; valves oblong, sub- seariose at the flowering season. Perianth bright pale yellow; tube reaching to the top of the spathe; limb 2 in. long; falls obovate- cuneate, about an inch broad, with a bright yellow beard ; standards as long and broad. Style-branches above an inch long; crests small. Hab. Servia, Ilitsch! Flowers in May. Allied to lutescens. IRIS. 83 108. I. nurescens Lam. Encye. iii. 297; Bot. Mag. t. 2861 ; Reich. Ic. Germ. t, 829, fig. 756.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping, Leaves ensiform, slightly glaucous, 6-9 in. long at the flowering time, 4-3 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, about as long as the leaves. Spathes 2-flowered, 2-21 in. long; valves oblong or oblong-lanceo- late, green or subscariose at the flowering time; pedicels very short. Perianth-tube greenish yellow, an inch long; limb pale yellow, 2-21 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, 2-1 in. broad, reflex- ing from halfway down; beard bright yellow; standards broader, narrowed suddenly to the claw. Style-branches above an inch long ; crests subquadrate, toothed. Var. I. Srarett= Todaro Hort. Bot. Panorm. t.6.; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6894.—Spathe-valves shorter, less pointed and more scariose. Perianth-segments broader. Sicily. Hab. The type the South of France, where I cannot draw any definite line between it and Chameiris. It flowers with us early in May. 109. I. prrtora Linn. Sp. Plant. 56. TI. subbiflora Brotero FI. Lusit. t. 98. J. fragrans Salisb. TI. nudicaulis Bot. Mag. t. 5806, non Lam.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, rather glaucous, 6-9 in. long at the flowering time, 4-3 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 4-1 ft. long. Spathe 2-flowered, 2-24 in. long; valves oblong, green or subscariose at the flowering time, ventri- cose; pedicel very short. Flowers fragrant. Perianth-tube an inch long; limb bright violet-purple, 2-24 in. long; falls obovate- cuneate, an inch broad, reflexing from halfway down; beard bright yellow; standards orbicular-unguiculate, 14-14 in. broad. Style- branches above an inch long; crests deltoid. Capsule oblong, obtusely angled, 1-14 in. long. Hab. Portugal and North Marocco. Flowers with us late in April. 110. I. Burnatr Baker.—Rhizome stout. Leaves ensiform, above a foot long at the flowering time, 3 in. broad. Stem 1-headed, 1-2 ft. long, bearing about 2 reduced leaves. Spathe 2-flowered, 2 in. long; valves oblong, entirely scariose at the flowering time; pedicel short. Perianth-tube an inch long, funnel- shaped in the upper half; limb 24 in. long, bright violet-purple ; falls obovate-cuneate, under an inch broad, reflexing from halfway down, densely bearded; standards as long, oblong-unguiculate, an inch broad. Style-branches above an inch long ; crests deltoid. Hab. Maritime Alps, on rocks below Eza. Collected in full flower by Messrs. Burnat & Townsend, Feb. 28, 1872. Between biflora and pallida. 111. I. appyzxa Linn. Sp. Plant. 56. J. nudicaulis Lam. ; Reich. Ic. Germ. tab. 331, fig. 758, non Bot. Mag. TI. bohemica Schmidt. J. hungarica Waldst..& Kit. Pl. Rar. Hung. t. 226. J. biflora Reich, Ic. Fl. Germ. tab. 332, fig. 759, non Linn. J. biflorens Host. I. furcata M.B. Fl. Taur. iii. 42; Bot. Mag. t. 2361; Bot. Reg. t. 801. J. falcata and Clusiana Tausch. I. Fieberi Siedl. J. rigida and subbiflora Fieber.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, glaucescent, 4-1 ft. long at the flowering time, under an inch broad. Stems 4~1 ft. long, usually more than 1-headed, sometimes forked low down. Spathes 1-2- D 84 HANDBOOK OF IRIDER. flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, greenish at the flowering time; pedicels very short. Perianth-tube cylin- drical, 3-1 in. long; limb dark lilac, 2-24 in. long ; falls obovate- cuneate, about an inch broad, reflexing from halfway down; beard white; standards unguiculate, a little broader than the falls. Style-branches an inch long ; crests deltoid. Hab. Eastern Europe, from Hungary and Silesia to the Caucasus. 112. I, Crenerattr Ambrosi FI. Tyrol, i. 648. — Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, glaucous, $ ft. long at the flower- ing time, } in. broad. Stem about as long as the leaves, 1-3- headed. Spathes 2-flowered, about an inch long; valves ovate or oblong, entirely scariose at the flowering time ; pedicel obsolete or very short. Perianth-tube }-} in. long; limb bright lilac, 2 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, 1-1} in. broad, reflexing from halfway down; beard bright yellow; standards as long and as broad, orbicular-unguiculate. Style-branches an inch long ; crests deltoid, denticulate. Hab. Lombardy and South Tyrol. On this and its allies see a paper by Professor Foster in Gard. Chron. 1886, i. 554, 586. 118. I. varrecata Linn. Sp. Plant. 56; Jacq. Fl. Austr. t. 5; Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 16; Red. Lil. t. 292; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. tab. 334, fig. 761.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, slightly glaucous, 1-14 ft. long, an inch broad. Stem about as long as the leaves, 3-4-headed. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 14-14 in. long; valves oblong, very ventricose, greenish or subscariose when the flowers expand; pedicels very short. Perianth-tube yellowish green, cylindrical, 3-1 in. long; limb 2 in. long; falls oblong- cuneate, under an inch broad, claret-brown towards the tip, the centre much veined with brown on a yellow ground, the haft entirely yellow; beard bright yellow; standards oblong-unguiculate, bright yellow, only the claw veined with brown. Style-branches yellow, an inch long; crests oblong-deltoid, denticulate. Hab. Austria, Turkey and South Russia. Long cultivated and connected in gardens with squalens by various intermediates. 114. I. Mogertper: Baker.—Rhizome stout. Leaves ensiform, a foot long at the flowering time, 2 in. broad. Stem a little over- topping the leaves, 1-headed, or bearing a second sessile head a short space below the end one. Spathes 1-2-flowered, 2 in. long; valves oblong, scariose at the flowering time; pedicel short. Perianth-tube an inch long; limb yellow, 24 in. long; falls oblong- cuneate, about an inch broad, reflexing from halfway down, densely bearded ; standards the same length and breadth. Style-branches above an inch long; crests deltoid. Hab. Maritime Alps; valley of the Loup river. Described from a plant, cultivated at Cannes, in the herbarium of the late J. T. Moggridge, F.L.S., author of ‘ Contributions to the Flora of Mentone.’ It flowers in the middle of March and was called I. parnassiana Ker, by the son of that botanist. Intermediate between Chameiris and pallida. 115. I. turrpa Ait. Hort. Kew, 68; Bot. Mag. t. 986, non 669 ; Red. Lil. t. 418.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, 0 IRIS. 85 a foot long, slightly glaucous. Stem 3-4-headed, not much over- topping the leaves. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves very ventricose, green at the flowering time; pedicel very short. Perianth-tube greenish, cylindrical, an inch long; limb 2-23 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, an inch broad, reflexing from halfway down, a plain dead purple at the top, the lower half veined with dull purple on a yellowish ground; beard bright yellow; standards rather broader, dull purple. Style-branches an inch long; crests deltoid. | Hab. South-east of Europe. Is connected with squalens by intermediate garden forms. Var. I. Redouteana Spach, has a more slender taller stem and a bright claret-purple flower. 116. I. senacensts Kerner; Stapf in Verh. Zool. Bot. Wien 1887, 649.—Leaves ensiform, about a foot long. Stem about as long as the leaves, 3-headed; outer spathe-valves lanceolate, her- baceous, tinged with purple, scariose at the tip when flowering. Perianth-tube longer than the ovary; limb dark violet; falls with an obovate blade or haft veined with brown-violet, and a yellow- white beard ; standards oblong-unguiculate, bright violet. Crests of the stigma deltoid. Capsule oblong-cylindrical. Hab. South Tyrol, on calcareous rocks over Arco. Gathered and intro- duced into cultivation at Vienna by Kerner. 117. I: Kocun Kerner; Stapf in Verh. Zool. Bot. Wien 1887, 649.—Leaves ensiform, subglaucescent. Stems 12-15 in. long, 8-4-headed, about as long as the leaves; spathe-valves lanceolate, only the outermost herbaceous at flowering time. Perianth-tube longer than the ovary; limb dark violet; falls with an obovate blade, a haft veined with brown, and a yellow beard; standards obovate-unguiculate. Crests of style obovate-deltoid. Capsule oblong-trigonous. Hab. Istria, near Trieste and Rovigno. Sent by Tommasini to the Vienna Botanic Garden in 1871. 118 I. ruavescens DC. in Red. Lil. t. 875; Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard. ser. 2, t. 56; Reich. Ic. Crit. t. 921. J. imbricata Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1845, t. 85. I. sulphurea K. Koch.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, glaucous, 12-15 in. long at the flowering time, about an inch broad. Stem 3-4-headed, 2-3 ft. long. Spathes 2-8-flowered; valves oblong, subscariose, imbri- cated, not more than 1-14 in. long ; pedicel very short. Perianth- tube cylindrical, under an inch long; limb bright lemon-yellow, 21 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, above an inch broad, reflexing from halfway down; beard deeper yellow; standards obovate- unguiculate, rather broader, pale yellow. Style-branches above an inch long ; crests deltoid. Hab. Bosnia and the Caucasus and Armenia. Flowers with us late in May. Not scented. 119. I. sorprpa Willd. Suppl. Enum. Hort. Berol. i. 4, non Retz.—Habit and leaves of J. lutescens. Stem 2-headed, over- topping the leaves. Spathes 2-flowered, 14-13 in. long; valves lanceolate, green at the flowering time; pedicel short. Perianth- D2 86 HANDBOOK OF IRIDES. tube greenish, cylindrical, 1-11 in. long; limb sulphur-yellow, above 2 in. long; falls with an oblong blade as long as the haft, both copiously veined with claret-purple; beard bright yellow; standards as long, oblong-cuneate, in. broad. Style-branches an inch long ; crests deltoid-cuspidate. Hab. Known in cultivation only. Describedfrom a drawing made from a plant that flowered at Kew, May 12, 1830. Between I. lutescens and flavescens. 120. I. squatens Linn. Sp. Plant. 56; Bot. Mag. t. 787; Jacq. Fl. Austr. t. 5; Reich. Ic. Crit. t. 993; Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 336, fig. 763. I. lepida Heuffel.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, glaucous, 1-14 ft. long, 1-1} in. broad. Stems 3-4- headed, 2-3 ft. long. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves oblong, subscariose; pedicel short. Perianth-tube under an inch long; limb 24-3 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, reflexing from halfway down, the upper part plain bright lilac-purple, the claw veined with lilac-purple on a whitish or yellowish ground; beard bright yellow ; standards obovate-unguiculate, as long and as broad as the falls, plain dull lilac and yellow or brownish and yellow. Style-branches above an inch long; crests deltoid. Hab. Central Europe to the Caucasus and North Persia. Flowers with us late in May, and has a faint scent like that of elder. Includes a large number of the forms of the German Iris of cultivators. 121. I. sameucina Linn. Sp. Plant. 55; Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 2; Curt. in Bot. Mag. t. 187; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 385, fig. 762.— Very near J. squalens, from which it differs by its less robust habit, narrower perianth-segments, falls coloured and veined with claret-, not lilac-purple, conspicuously emarginate standards and more decided elder-like scent. Hab. Central Europe to the Caucasus and Armenia. Flowers with us late in May. 122. I. neatecta Horn. Hort. Hafn. i. 55; Bot. Mag. t. 2485, —Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, slightly glaucous, purple at the base, 12-15 in. long, 1-11 in. broad. Stems 3-4- headed, 13-2 in. long. Spathes 2-3-flowered ; valves oblong, 1-14 in. long, green in the lower part at the flowering time, much tinged with purple; pedicel very short. Perianth-tube greenish, under an inch long; limb 2 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, 1-14 in. broad, the tip bright lilac, the haft much striped with lilac on a white ground ; beard bright yellow; standards as long and as broad, bright light lilac. Style-branches an inch long; crests deltoid. Hab. Known only in cultivation. Flowers at the beginning of June. Not scented. A living plant received at Kew from Dr. Lange under the name of I. Corygei, differs from neglecta by its green leaves, orbicular spathe-valves an inch long, and falls pale lilac towards the tip, and veined on the haft with drab-yellow on a white ground. Both are doubtless derived from I. squalens. 128. I. nypria Retz. Obs. Bot. iv. 6. I. amena DC. in Red. Lil. t. 3836; Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard. ser. 2, t. 165.—Differs from neglecta by its rather longer spathe-valves, falls pure white or faintly tinged with lilac and white style-branches. Hab. Known in cultivation only. Flowers early in June. Has no decided scent. iris. 87 124. I. cermanica Linn. Sp. Plant. 55; Bot. Mag. t. 670; Red. Lil. t. 309; Reich. Ic. Crit. t. 924; Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 838, fig. 565. — Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, glaucous, 1-14 ft. long, 1-14 in. broad. Stem 3-4-headed, 2-3 ft. long. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves oblong-lanceolate, tinged with purple, green in the lower half at the flowering time; pedicels short. Perianth-tube cylindrical, greenish, an inch long ; limb 24-8 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, dark violet-purple, 1-14 in. broad, reflexing from halfway down; beard bright yellow; standards as long and as broad as the falls, bright lilac, obovate- unguiculate. Style-branches above an inch long; crests deltoid. Capsule oblong-trigonous, 14-2 in. long. Hab. Central aud Southern Europe. Is quite hardy in English gardens. It flowers early in May and the flowers are not fragrant. The principal garden varieties are 1, flowers white ; claws veined with lilac; 2, standards as dark purple as the falls; 3, standards sky-blue ; 4, stem not overtopping the leaves. 125. I. pertexa Knowles & West. Floral Cab. ii. 19, t. 51. I. nepalensis Wall. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 818, non D. Don.—Rhizome stout. Leaves ensiform, glaucous, 1-14 ft. long, 1-14 in. broad. Stem 3-5-headed, overtopping the leaves. Spathes 2-8-flowered, z-2 in. long; valves scariose in the upper half at the flowering ume. Perianth-tube cylindrical, an inch long; limb 2-8 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, dark purple, reflexing from halfway down, 1-14 in. broad; beard bright yellow; standards obovate-ungui- culate, bright lilac, as long and as broad as the falls. Style- branches above an inch long; crests deltoid. Hab. Temperate region of the Himalayas; Kashmir, Kumaon, &c. Not certainly wild there. Flowers fragrant. Intermediate between I. germanica and pallida. 126. I. Biziorr: Foster in Gard. Chron. 1887, v. 788.—Rhizome as in I. yermanica. Leaves darker green, more distinctly striated and more rigid. Stem several-headed, 24-3 ft. long. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 3 in. long, ventricose, scariose only towards the tip at the flowering time; pedicel very short. Perianth-tube 4 in. long ; falls obovate-cuneate, 3-3} in. long, 14 in. broad, reddish purple with many dark veins; beard white, tipped with yellow; standards as long, orbicular-unguiculate, 2 in. broad, bright blue-purple. Style-branches 14 in. long; crests deltoid. Capsule ellipsoid, 24 in. long, deeply 6-grooved. Hab. Trebizond. Received alive by Dr. Foster from Consul Biliotti. Very near I. germanica. Flowers with us in June. 127. I. cypriana Foster & Baker in Gard. Chron. 1888, ii. 182. —Nearly allied to I. pallida, from which it differs by its longer, more oblong-navicular spathe-valves, not entirely scariose at the flowering time, rather longer perianth-tube and more obovate perianth-segments of both rows. Style-branches longer and crests larger. Flowers fragrant, bright lilac, 6-7 in. diam. when ex-. panded. Hab. Cyprus. Sent alive to Kew by Mrs. Kenyon. Flowers late in June. 128, I, Barroni Foster in Gard. Chron. 1883, xix. 275; Baker 58 HANDBOOK OF IRIDEA. in Bot. Mag. t. 6869.—Rhizome stout, shori-creeping. Leaves ensiform, pale green, 14 ft. long, 14-2 in. broad. Stem over- topping the leaves, usually once forked. Spathes 2-8-flowered ; valves oblong-lanceolate, 4-44 in. long, green at the flowering time ; pedicels short. Flowers creamy white, fragrant. Perianth- tube greenish, an inch long; falls obovate-cuneate, white tinged with green, 84-4 in. long, 14 in. broad, reflexing from below the middle, veined with purple on the haft; beard white, tipped with orange-yellow ; standards pure white, obovote-unguiculate, 14 in. broad. Style-branches above an inch long; crests large, deltoid. Hab. Sent alive from Kandahar to Professor Foster in 1880, by Colonel Barton. 129. I. xasHmirmana Baker in Gard. Chron. 1877, ii. 744.—- Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensiform, slightly glaucous, 14 ft. long, above an inch broad. Stem 3 ft. long, bearing several clusters. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 3 in. long; valves scariose towards the tip at the flowering time; pedicels short. Perianth-tube cylin- drical, above an inch long; limb 8 in. long, pure white; standards and falls each 14-1} in broad ; beard 14 in. long, white tipped with yellow; falls obovate-cuneate, reflexing halfway down. Style- branches 14 in. long; crests large, ovate. Hab. Kashmir. Introduced to Kew by Dr. Aitchison about 1875. Flowers sweet-scented, produced late in May. 180. I. rtorentina Linn. Sp. Plant. 55; Bot. Mag. t. 671; Red. Lil. t. 23; Sibth. Fl. Gree. t. 39; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. tab. 339, fig. 766. J. alba Savi.—Rhizome stout, wide-creeping, fragrant when dried (orris-root). Leaves ensiform, glaucous, 1-14 ft. long, 1-14 in. broad. Stems 3-4-headed, overtopping the leaves. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves oblong, subscariose at the flowering time; pedicel short. Perianth-tube greenish, an inch long; limb 3-34 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, 14 in. broad, white slightly tinged with lavender; beard bright yellow; standards as long and broad, purer white. Style-branches 14 in. long; crests deltoid, toothed. Var. I. auetcans Lange Ic. Plant. Hisp. t. 33.—Flowers pure white. Perianth-tube and spathe-valves shorter. Spain to Cyprus. Hab. Central and Southern Europe. Flowers with germanica early in May. Not scented. 131. I. paruma Lam. Encye. iii. 294; Bot. Mag. t. 685; Red. Lil. t. 8366; Reich. Ic. Crit. fig. 1248; Ic.. Fl. Germ. tab. 340, fig. 767. I. germanica Sibth. & Sm. Fl. Gree. t. 40. I. pallide-cerulea » Pers. J. odoratissima Jacq. Hort. Schoen. t. 9. J. glauca Salisb. I. hortensis Tausch.—Rhizome stout, short-creeping. Leaves ensi- form, glaucous, 1-14 ft. long, 1-14 in. broad. Stems several- headed, much. overtopping the leaves. Spathes 2-3-flowered ; valves oblong, 1-14 in. long, quite scariose at the flowering time ; pedicel very short. Flowers fragrant. Perianth-tube cylindrical, an inch long; limb light or dark violet, rarely white, 24-34 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, 14 in. broad, reflexing from halfway down ; beard bright yellow; standards orbicular-unguiculate, 14-2 ints. 39 in. broad. Style-branches 14 in. long; crests deltoid. Capsule oblong-trigonous, 1-14 in. long. Hab. South Europe and West Asia, ascending to 7000 ft. on the Altas mountains. The type differs from germanica by its fragrant flowers, shorter entirely scariose spathe-valves, and flowers a month later; but there are many varieties and intermediates, amongst which are I. cucullata Schur, I. Junonia Schott & Kotschy, I. asiatica Stapf, and I. australis, Mandralisce, Tinwi and sicula Todaro. 132. I. pricata Lam. Encye. iii. 294. I. aphylla, var plicata Ker.—Rhizome, leaves, stem and spathe-valves exactly as in J. pallida. Tube greenish, 4 in. long; limb 2-23 in. long; falls obo- vate-cuneate, 14 in. broad, pure white in the centre, conspicuously veined with lilac towards the margin and on the claw; standards as long and as broad, very plicate, white in the centre, flushed with violet at the edge. Hab. Known in cultivation only. Flowers early in July. Derived no doubt from I. pallida. 133. I. Swertm Lam. Encye. iii. 294 (Swert Floril. tab. 41, fig. 1); Red. Lil. t. 8306; Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard. ser. 2, t. 254; Reich. Ic. Crit. fig. 1239. J. aphylla var. Swertii Ker. I. desertorum Balbis. J. portugalensis Besler.—Much dwarfer than J. pallida and plicata. Stem 1-14 ft. long, 3-4-headed. Spathe-valves oblong, scariose, an inch long, flushed with violet. Perianth-tube 4 in. long; limb 2-24 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, an inch broad, white, faintly veined with lilac, flushed with purple towards the edge ; standards as long and broad, much crisped, pure white except the purple keel and margin. Hab. Known in cultivation only. Fragrant, flowering with us at the end of May or early in June, long before pallida. Subgenus VIII. Xrenton (Miller). 134. I. Xipsium Linn. Sp. Plant. 58, ex parte; Bot. Mag. t. 656; Red. Lil. t. 887. J. variabilis Jacq. Xiphion vulgare Miller. X. angustifolium Tourn.— Bulb ovoid, 3-1 in. diam.; tunics mem- branous, brown. Leaves several, superposed, subterete, glaucous, the lower a foot long. Stem 1-headed, 1-2 ft. long. Spathes 1-2- flowered, 2-4 in. long; outer valves green, lanceolate; pedicels long. Perianth-tube obsolete; limb 2-24 in. long, violet-purple in the typical form; falls with an orbicular blade an inch broad, much shorter than the panduriform haft; standards as long, oblong- unguiculate, 4-2 in. broad. Style-branches above an inch long ; crests large, quadrate. Capsule clavate. Hab. Spain, ascending to 6000 ft; North Africa, Corsica and the South of France. This is ithe long-cultivated and well-known Spanish Iris of the gardens. With us it flowers in June. ‘The principal varieties are I. lusitanica Ker in Bot. Mag. t. 679, in which the flowers are yellow; and Xiphion sordidum Salisb., I. spectabilis Spach., the Thunderbolt Iris, in which the habit is more robust and the flowers are darker yellow flushed with brown. These two are natives of Portugal. I cannot separate from I. Xiphium by any botanical character, a plant from Tangiers cultivated by Mr. Elwes, which flowers in England a month earlier and pushes its leaves in autumn instead of spring. See Foster in Garden 1881, 422 tab. 308. 40 HANDBOOK OF IRIDEA. 135. I. serorina Willk, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. i. 141. — Differs from 1. Xiphium by its solid 2-8-flowered stem, lower leaves faded at the flowering time, upper linear-setaceous, pedicels 2-4 in. long, finally considerably protruded from the reddish spathe-valves, and falls with an oblong-lanceolate limb narrowed to a short linear claw. Hab. Spain; mountains of Jaen, alt. 3500 ft., flowering in August and September, Willkomm. 136. I. xtpatomwes Ehrh. Beitr. vii. 140; Bot. Mag. t. 687; Red. Lil. t. 212. J. Xiphium Linn. ex parte. JI. pyrenaica Bubani. Xiphion latifouum Miller.—Bulb ovoid, 13-2 in. diam.; tunics brown, splitting into fibres at the top. Leaves glaucous, linear- complicate, the lower a foot long. Stem stout, 1-headed, 14-2 ft. long. Spathes 2-3-flowered; valves green, lanceolate, ventricose, 8-4 in. long; pedicels much shorter than the spathe. Perianth- tube obsolete ; limb 2-8 in. long, dark violet-purple in the typical form; falls with an orbicular blade 14 in. broad, usually yellow in the centre, narrowed to and shorter than the cuneate haft; standards shorter, oblong- or obovate-unguiculate, 4-1 in. broad. Style- branches above an inch long; crests large, subquadrate. Capsule clavate, 2-24 in. long, 4 in. diam. at the middle. Hab. French and Spanish Pyrenees, and extending to Asturias. Is the well-known English Iris of the gardens, of which several colour-varieties were already cultivated 250 years ago. It flowers in England in July, after the Spanish Iris has faded. 137. I. Fonranesu Godr. Fl. France iii. 245. Xiphion Fontanesii Baker.—Bulb ovoid, 1 in. diam.; tunics brown, membranous. Leaves superposed, subterete from a linear base, the lower a foot or more long. Stem 1-headed, 1-134 ft. long. Spathes 1-2- flowered; valves green, lanceolate, 2-3 in. long; pedicel about as long as the ovary. Perianth-tube cylindrical, an inch long; limb 2-8 in. long, bright lilac-purple ; falls with an orbicular blade an inch broad, much shorter than the panduriform haft; standards as long, oblanceolate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches above an inch long; crests large, subquadrate. Hab. Plains of Algeria, where it flowers in April. Differs only from J. Xiphium by having a tube to the perianth. 188. I. tinerrana Boiss. et Reut. Pugell. 113; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6775. Xiphion tingitanum Baker.—Bulb ovoid, 14 in. diam. Leaves linear-complicate, the lower 1-14 ft. long. Stems as stout as in I. wiphioides, 1-2-headed. Spathes 1—-2-flowered, 4-6 in. long ; valves green, lanceolate; pedicel as long as the ovary. Perianth-tube cylindrical, 1-14 in. long; limb bright lilac, 3 in. long; falls with a reflexing obovate limb 1-14 in. broad, shorter than the claw, flushed with yellow in the centre ; standards rather shorter, oblan- ceolate-unguiculate, 1-3 in. broad. Style-branches above an inch long; crests very large, subquadrate. Hab. Tangiers. Introduced into cultivation by Mr. Elwes in 1875. Is in the Smithian herbarium, collected by Durand in 1803. Perhaps not distinct specifically from I. Fontanesii 139. I. rmmoxia Boiss. Voy. Esp. 602, t. 170. Xiphion ikis. 41 filifolium Klatt ; Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. t. 5928.—Bulb globose, an inch diam.; tunics long, horny, membranous. Leaves slender, terete, 1-14 ft. long. Stem 1-headed, 2 ft. or more long, bearing many reduced leaves. Spathes 1-2-flowered, 3-4 in. long; outer valves green, lanceolate; pedicel 14 in. long. Perianth-tube slende, cylindrical, under an inch long, limb 23 in. long, bright dark purple ; falls with an orbicular lamina an inch broad, shorter than the haft, bright yellow in the centre; standards shorter, oblanceolate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches above an inch long; crests large, subquadrate. Hab. South of Spain. Introduced into cultivation in 1869 from Gibraltar by Mr. Geo. Maw. The Tangiers plant, figured Bot. Mag. t. 5981, is inter- mediate between jilifolia and tingitana. 140. I. suncra Desf. Fl. Atlant, 1. 39, t. 4; Bot. Mag. t. 5890. I. imberbis Poir. JL. mauritanica (Clusius) Ker. Xiphion junceum Klatt. Diaphane stylosa Salisb.—Bulb globose, 1 in. diam. ; tunics brown, rigid, slitting into long stiff fibres at the tip. Leaves superposed, slender, subterete, firm, the lower a foot long. Stems slender, flexuose, 1-headed, 1-14 ft. long, Spathes 1-2-flowered, 3-3 in. long; valves greenish, lanceolate; pedicels short. Perianth- tube very slender, 14 in. long ; limb 14-2 in. long, always primrose- yellow; falls with an orbicular blade an inch broad, shorter than the cuneate haft; standards shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches an inch long; crests large, erecto- patent, quadrate. - Hab. Algeria, Tunis, Marocco, Sicily and Italy, flowering in May and une. 141. I. Borssrmrt Henr. in Bol. Soc. Brot. ii. 183, with fig. ; Willk. Ill. Pl. Hisp. t. 118; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7097.—Bulb ovoid, under 1 in. diam.; tunics splitting into fibres at the top. Leaves subterete, a foot long. Stem 1-headed, a foot long, with 2 reduced lanceolate leaves. Spathe 2-flowered, 24 in. long; outer valves lanceolate, green ; pedicels short. Perianth-tube cylindrical, 1-14 in. long; limb dark lilac, 14 in. long; falls with an oblong blade 4 in. broad. as long as the distinctly bearded haft, flushed with yellow in the centre; standards as long, oblanceolate-ungui- culate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches an inch long; crests large, subquadrate. Hab. South Portugal, on the Serra de Gerez, alt. 2000--8000 ft. Sent lately by Mr. A. W. Tait to Dr. Foster. We have a specimen at Kew, gathered by Dr. Winkler in May, 1876. Flowers earlier than I. Xiphiwm. 142. I. nericutata M.B. Fl. Taur. Cauc. 34, t. 1; Cent. Pl. Ross. t. 11; Bot. Mag. t. 5577; Regel Gartenfl. t. 779, fig. 1. Neubeckia reticulata Alefeld. Xiphion reticulatum Klatt. — Bulb ovoid, 1 in. diam.; outer tunics composed of fine interwoven fibres. Leaves generally two in a tuft, acutely quadrangular, very short _at the flowering time, finally a foot or more long. Stem very short. Spathe 1-flowered, about 3 in. long; valves green, wrapped tightly round the slender perianth-tube, which is 2-3 in. long. Limb bright violet-purple in the type, 14-2 in. long; falls with an ovate 42 HANDBOOK OF fRIDEA. blade } in. broad, much shorter than the claw, with a pale patch at the throat and a low orange-yellow crest; standards nearly as long, oblanceolate-unguiculate, 4 in. broad. Style-branches an inch long; crests quadrate. Flower very fragrant. Var. Kretacer Regel Animad. 15 (Gartenfl. t. 279, fig. 2, Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard. ser. ii. t. 189; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 189).— Flower red-purple, varying greatly in shade, with more con- spicuously veined claw, with a yellow crest down it. The common wild form of the Caucasus. Nearly inodorous. Var. cyanea Regel Gartenfl. t. 797.—Limb of the falls slaty blue, much variegated. Var. sopHENENsIs Foster in Gard. Chron. 1885, i. 470.—F lower smaller, more spreading, less turbinate. Falls with a light red- purple blade and long narrow claw with a wavy yellow crest. Kharput, Asia Minor, Mrs. Barnum. Flowers in the middle of February. _ Var. uistriomes Foster; Journ. Hort. 1891, 121, fig. 18.— Falls much mottled with white and lilac, both on the claw and broader orbicular blade. Eastern Anatolia, Bormuller. Hab. Asia Minor to Persia and the Caucasus. Fora full account of the varieties see Foster in Gard. Chron. 1885, i. 507. 143. I. Hisrrio Reich. fil. in Bot. Zeit. 1871, 488; Garden tab. 658, fig. 1. I. Libani Reut. Xiphion Histrio Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. t. 6033.—Bulb cespitose 2 in. diam.; outer tunics reticulated. Leaves 2 to a stem, acutely quadrangular, much over- topping the flower. Stem not produced, 1-headed. Spathe 1-flowered, 2-3 in. long; outer valve linear, green, clasping tightly the tube. Perianth-tube exserted from the spathe; limb lilac, 14-2 in. long; blade of the fall ovate, shorter than the haft, with a yellow line in the centre, bordered with white, and much spotted with dark lilac ; standards as long, oblanceolate-unguiculate, + in. broad. Style-branches pale lilac, an inch long; crests lanceolate- deltoid, much shorter than the blade. Hab. Mountains of Palestine. Introduced into cultivation 1873. Not fragrant. Flowers in February. Scarcely more than a variety of I. reticulata. 144. I. Baxerrana Foster in Bot. Mag. t. 7084.—Bulb ovoid; outer tunics with strong parallel fibres, connected by oblique strands. Leaves 3-4 to a bulb, subulate, hollow, glaucous green, with about 8 conspicuous ridges, 6-9 in. long at the flowering time, furnished with a horny tip. Peduncle very short; flower single. Spathe cylindrical, 3 in. long; valves green, very unequal. Perianth- tube 3 in. long, slightly exserted from the spathe; limb 3 in. long ; falls with a long claw and short ovate reflexing blade, bright violet on the edge, white in the centre with violet spots, with an incon- spicuous yellow streak down the claw; standards erect, oblanceo- late, rather shorter, plain lilac. Style-branches an inch long; crests large, subquadrate. Hab. Mountains of Armenia near Mardin. Introduced into cultivation recently by the Rev. G. F. Gates. Gathered previously in Kurdistan in 1877, by Mr. E. A. Floyer, and on the Anti-Lebanon range near the Euphrates in 1879, by Mrs. Danford. Very fragrant, with a scent of violets. Flowers in England at the end of February. IRIS. 43 145. I. Varvant Foster in Gard. Chron. 1885, 1.438; Bot. Mag. t. 6942. — Bulbs cxspitose, 4 in. diam.; outer tunics reticulated. Leaves 2, acutely quadrangular, much overtopping the flower, finally a foot long. Stem 1-headed, not produced. Spathes 1-flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves lanceolate, greenish. Perianth- tube 24 in. long, much exserted; limb 14-2 in. long, pale slaty lilac ; falls with an oblong blade 4 in. broad, much shorter than the haft, with a distict yellow ridge down the keel; standards nearly as long, oblanceolate-unguiculate. Style-branches } in. long; crests lanceolate, longer than the blade. Hab. Palestine, near Nazareth; sent to Dr. Foster by Dr. Vartan. Flowers with us in December. Not scented. 146. I. Konpaxowsxrana Regel, Deser. v. 47; Gartenfl. t. 939; Garden, t. 658, fig. 4. Xiphion Kolpakowskianum Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6489. — Bulb ovoid, 4 in. diam.; tunics short, cancellate. Leaves 4-6, linear-subterete, pale green, channelled down the face and white-vittate, 2-8 in. long at the flowering time, spreading. Stem 1-headed, not produced. Spathe 1-flowered, 2 in. long; valves green, lanceolate. Perianth-tube 2 in. long; limb bright lilac, 14-2 in. long; falls with an ovate or oblong blade 4 in. broad, with a yellow line at the throat, much shorter than the hatft ; standards as long as the falls, oblanceolate-unguiculate. Style- branches an inch long; crests large, lanceolate-deltoid. Hab. Mountains of Turkestan, Dr. Albert Regel. Nearly allied to I. reti- culata. It flowers at the same time, and has a violet-like scent. 147. I. Wivxterr Regel, Descr. ix. 87. — Bulb ovoid; tunics membranous. Leaves narrow linear, 3-nerved, glabrous, equalling or overtopping the flower. Stem very short, 1-headed. Spathe 1-flowered ; outer valve lanceolate, herbaceous, not reaching to the top of the perianth-tube. Perianth-tube as long as the blue limb; falls oblong-cuneate; standards oblanceolate, longer than the falls. Hab. Mountains of Eastern Turkestan, alt. 9000—11,000 ft. Discovered lately by Dr. Albert Regel. Subgenus IX.—Gynanprirts (Parl.). 148. I. Srsyrtcurum Linn. Sp. Plant. 59; Sibth. et Smith, Fl. Gree. t. 42; Red. Lil. t. 29. J. fugaw Tenore. I. ayyptia Delile. I. Samaritani Heldr. Xiphion Sisyrinchium Baker; Bot. Mag. t. 6096. Morea Sisyrinchium Ker in Bot. Mag. t. 1407. MM. Tenoreana Sweet, Brit. Flow. Gard. t. 110. M. sicula Todaro, Hort. Bot. Panorm. t. 84. Diaphane edulis Salisb. — Bulb edible, globose, 1 in. diam.; outer tunics entirely fibrous. Leaves 2, suprabasal, linear, arcuate, 4-1 ft. long, strongly veined. Stem slender, terete, 4-1 ft. long; heads 1-3, the lateral sessile. Spathes 2-3-flowered, 2-24 in. long; valves lanceolate, the outer sub- seariose at the flowering time; pedicels very short. Flowers fugitive, lilac. Perianth-tube slender, an inch long; limb 1-14 in. long; falls with an oblong blade 4 in. broad, as long as the haft, with a faint yellow spot bordered with white in the centre; standards rather shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate, 4-} in. broad, 44 HANDBOOK OF IRIDEA. Style-branches under an inch long; crests large, lanceolate-deltoid. Capsule oblong-trigonal, 1-14 in. long, hidden by the persistent scariose spathe-valves. Hab. Portugal and Spain, through the Mediterranean region to Punjab. It has a faint scent of violets, and flowers in April and May. G. monophylla Klatt. is a dwarf variety, with a single leaf and a single cluster of flowers. I. maricoides Regel, Descr. iv. 36, from the high mountains of Bokhara, alt. 10,000—12,000 ft., has exactly the same bulb, leaves and spathes, but the filaments are said to be distinct from one another and the style. Subgenus IX. Juno (Tratt.). (Thelysia Salish. Coresanthe Alefeld). 149. I. Arrcnison1 Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 128. Xiphion Aitchisoni Baker. — Bulb ovoid, 1-14 in. diam., with fleshy root-fibres and brown membranous tunics. Leaves linear-subterete, 1-14 ft. long at the flowering time. Stem 4-14 ft. long, 1-3-headed. Spathes 1-flowered, 2-24 in. long; valves green, lanceolate. Perianth-tube 1-14 in. long; limb 14-2 in. long, bright lilac in the type; falls with an obovate blade 4 in. broad, }—} the length of haft; standards spreading, tricuspidate, under an inch long. Style-branches 14 in. long; crests lanceolate-deltoid. Var. curysantHa Baker.—F lowers bright yellow. Hab. Punjab and Afghanistan. Flowers in March. Habit and leaves of I. Xiphium, but standards small and spreading. We have original drawings of both varieties, made from fresh specimens by Mrs. Aitchison. 150. I. Danrorpi® Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 124; Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. t. 7140. I. Bornmulleri Haussk. I. amasiana Born. Xiphion Danfordie Baker.—Bulb small, oblong; tunics membranous, brown. Leaves not produced till after the flowers, hollow, tetragonous, finally a foot long. Stem very short, 1-headed. Spathes cylin- drical, 2 in. long; valves lanceolate, subscariose; pedicel as long as the ovary. Perianth-tube 14 in. long; limb 14 in. long, bright yellow; falls with an orbicular blade } in. broad, spotted with brown, half as long as the cuneate claw; standards reduced to a minute spreading cusp. Style-branches ? in. long; crests large, ovate. Hab. Cilician Taurus, Mrs. Danford! Amasia, Eastern Anatoiia, Born- muller! Introduced into cultivation throuph Leichtlin in 1889. Flowers in March. Habit of J. reticulata. 151. I. persica Linn. Sp. Plant. 59; Bot. Mag. t.1; Red. Lil. t. 189. Xiphion persicum Miller. — Bulb ovoid, 4-1 in. diam.; tunics brown, membranous. Leaves 4-5, linear-complicate, falcate, 2-8 in. long at the flowering time. Stem very short, 1-headed. Spathe 1-flowered, 2 in. long; valves green, lanceolate. Perianth- tube 2-3 in. long; limb pale lilac, 14-2 in. long; falls with a short orbicular emarginate blade 4 in. broad, with a dark purple blotch at the top, an orange keel, and purple lines and spots; haft with two large deltoid auricles at the top; standards small, spreading. Style- branches above an inch long; crests large, quadrate. Hab. Asia Minor and Persia, ascending the mountains to 6000 ft. Flowers fragrant, produced with us in February and March. Was introduced early in the 17th century. Var. purpurea Hort. has bright violet-purple perianth- segments, ee — IRIS, 45 152. I. panzstina Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 122. Xiphion palestinum Baker. Juno palestina Klatt,—Bulb ovoid, 1-14 in. diam.; tunics membranous, brown. Leaves about 6, lanceolate-acuminate, falcate, 8-6 in. long at the flowering time. Stem very short, 1-headed. Spathes 1-flowered, 2-3 in. long; valves green, lanceolate. Perianth- tube 2-3 in. long; limb 14-2 in. long, pale yellow or tinged with lilae ; falls with a small orbicular blade 4 in. broad; haft auricled at the top; standards small, spreading, oblanceolate. Style- branches 14 in. long; crests large, quadrate. Hab. Mountains of Palestine, flowering in winter. Intermediate between alata and caucasica. Var, cerulea Post is a form with blue flowers. 153. I. avara Poir. Voy. Barb. ii. 86; Bot. Reg. t. 1876, i scorpioides Desf. Fl. Atlant. i. 40, t. 6; Red. Lil. t 211. 7, transtagana and trialata Brot. I. microptera Vahl. Xiphion plani- folium Miller. XX. alatum Baker. Thelysia grandiflora Salisb.— Bulb ovoid, 14-2 in. diam., with thick root-fibres and long-produced brown membranous tunics. Leaves about 6, lanceolate-acuminate, 6-9 in. long at the flowering time. Stem very short, 1-headed. Spathe 1-2-flowered; valves lanceolate, subscariose, 8-4 in. long. Perianth-tube 3-6 in. long; limb bright lilac, 3-4 in. long; falls obovate-cuneate, with a blade 1-14 in. broad, shorter than the haft, and a yellow keel; standards spreading, obovate-unguiculate, an inch long. Style-branches 13-2 in. long; crests large, subquadrate. Capsule oblong-trigonous, 2 in, long. Hab. Portugal and Spain to Sicily and Algeria, flowering in winter. First noticed by Clusius, 154. I. cavcasica Hoffm. Comm. Soc. Physic. Med. Mose. i. 40; Sweet, Brit. Flow. Gard. t. 255. Xiphion caucasicum Baker.—Bulb ovoid, 1 in. diam.; tunics membranous, brown. Leaves about 6, lanceolate, falcate, bright green, 3-6 in. long at the flowering time, with a horny border. Stem short, 8-6 headed. Spathes 1-flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves lanceolate. Perianth-tube 14-2 in. long; limb 14-2 in. long, pale or bright yellow; falls with a small ovate blade and a very broad rhomboidal claw, with transparent auricles and a toothed often ciliated crest; standards small, oblanceolate, toothed, spreading or deflexed. Style-branches an inch long; crests lanceolate-deltoid. Capsule oblong-trigonous, 14 in. long. Hab. Caucasus to Asia Minor, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkestan, ascending to 6000 ft. Flowers not fragrant, produced in March and April. A form grown by Prof. Foster from Kharput has stems nearly a foot long. 155. I. orcutorpes Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1880, 887, fig. 68; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7111. — Bulb ovoid, 1-14 in. diam.; tunics brown, membranous. Leaves about 6, lanceolate-acuminate, 6-9 in. long at the flowering time, the border not horny. Stem 3-6-headed, often 12-15 in. long, with distinct internodes. Spathes adpressed, 1-flowered, 2 in. long; valves green, lanceolate; ovary stalked. Perianth-tube 14-2 in. long; limb 2 in. long; falls with an obovate blade 4 in. broad, bright yellow in the type, with a blotch of purple on each side of a crest which runs down the cuneate exauriculate claw; standards oblanceolate, under an inch long, often sharply 46 HANDBOOK OF IRIDEX. deflexed, with a long filiform claw. Style-branches an inch long; crests deltoid. Capsule oblong-trigonous, 14 in. long. Var. ocutata Maxim.—Blade of falls more spotted. Var. ceruLea Hort.—Flowers lilac, with a bright yellow blotch in the centre of the blade of the fall. Hab. Mountains of Turkestan; introduced into cultivation by Dr. Regel. 156. I. Rosensacniana Regel, Desc. ix. 85; Garden, tab. 6538, fig. 2; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7185. — Bulb ovoid, 3-1 in. diam., with thick root-fibres and brown membranous tunics. Leaves 4-5, lanceolate, very short at the flowering time, finally 6-8 in. long, without any conspicuous horny border. Stem very short, 1-3- headed. Spathes 1-flowered; valves lanceolate, green, 2-3 in. long. Perianth-tube varying in length from 1 to 6 in.; limb 13-2 in. long; falls with an oblong blade 4 in. broad, in the type white at the top, deep red-purple in the middle, at the base creamy white or slaty white,| with red-purple veins, with a conspicuous laciniated crest running down the ligulate claw, which is narrowed abruptly at the base; standards obovate-unguiculate, an inch long, the blade much channelled. Style-branches 1-1} in. long; crests large, quadrate. Hab. Mountains of Bokhara and Turkestan, alt. 6000—9000 ft. Flowers in March. 157. I. Srocxsm Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 123. Xiphion Stocksit Baker. — Bulb ovoid, 1-14 in. diam.; tunics brown, membranous, produced 2-4 in. above its neck. Leaves 4- 6, lanceolate- acuminate, faleate, 4-6 in. long, moderately firm, with a distinct white edge. Stem very short, 1-3-headed. Spathes 1-flowered; valves lanceo- late, greenish, 14-2 in. long. Perianth-tube 1-14 in. long; limb bright lilac, 14 in. long; falls with an oblong blade 4 in. broad, much shorter than the broadly auricled haft; standards small, spreading, tricuspidate. Style-branches an inch long ; crests large, deltoid. Capsule oblong-trigonous, 14 in. long. Hab. Afghanistan and Beluchistan ; first gathered by Griffith and Stocks. Very near I. caucasica. 158. I. prepanopHyiia Aitch. et Baker in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. iii. 115.—Bulb ovoid, 1 in. diam., with thick root-fibres and brown membranous tunics. Leaves 4-6, lanceolate-acuminate, very falcate, 4-6 in. long at the flowering time. Stem short, 2-3-headed. Spathes 1-flowered; valves lanceolate, greenish, 2 in. long. Perianth-tube about an inch long; limb bright yellow, 14 in. long; falls with an obovate blade one-third the length of the narrow non-auricled haft; standards small, spreading. Style- branches an inch long; crests deltoid. Hab. Afghan and Russian boundary; flowering in April. Discovered by Dr. Aitchison in 1885. Near I. Stocksii. 159. I. Fosrertana Aitch. et Baker in Trans. Linn. Soe. 2 ser. Bot. iii. 114; Bot. Mag. t. 7215. — Bulb oblong, 1 in. diam., with thick fibres and long brown membranous tunics. Leaves 4-6, lanceolate-acuminate, falcate, 4-6 in. long at the flowering time, HERMODACTYLUS. 47 in. broad low down, firm in texture, with a distinct white margin. tem short, 1-2-headed. Spathes 1-flowered, 14-2 in. long; valves pale green, lanceolate. Perianth-tube shortly exserted from the spathe; falls pale yellow, 14-2 in. long, with an orbicular blade above 3 in. broad, a third as long as the non-auricled haft ; standards bright purple, an inch long, with an obovate blade sometimes 4 in. broad. Style-branches an inch long; crests large, subquadrate. Hab. Afghan and Russian boundary; flowering in March. Discovered by Dr, Aitchison in 1885. 160. I. stnpsarEnsis Boiss. et Haussk. Fl. Orient. v. 123; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7145. — Bulb oblong. Leaves about 8, crowded, lanceolate, distichous, firm, bright green, 5-6 in. long at the flowering time, an inch broad. Stem very short, bearing 1-2 clusters of flowers; spathe 2 in. long; valves Janceolate, pale green. Perianth slaty lilac; tube an inch longer than the spathe ; falls oblong-cuneate, 2 in. long, slaty lilac, with radiating lines of darker lilac and an inconspicuous yellow crest down the lower two- thirds; standards oblong-unguiculate, deflexed, an inch long. Style-branches above an inch long; crests large, deltoid. Hab. Mesopotamia; discovered in 1865 by Dr. Haussknecht. Introduced into cultivation lately by Leichtlin. 161. I. rumosa Boiss. & Haussk. Fl. Orient. v. 123. Xiphion Aucheri Baker. — Bulb ovoid, 1-14 in. diam. ; tunics brown, mem- branous. Leaves about 10, lanceolate, faleate, moderately firm, 4-6 in. long, an inch broad. Stem + ft. long, 4—5-headed. Spathes 1-flowered ; valves greenish, lanceolate, 83-4 in.long. Perianth-tube 2-24 in. long; limb 14 in. long, pale yellow, tinged with grey-lilac ; falls with a suborbicular limb 3 in. broad, much shorter than the auricled haft; standards spreading, unguiculate, an inch long. Style- branches an inch long; crests large, deltoid. Capsule cylindrical- trifonous, 3 in. long. Hab. Mountains over Aleppo; first gathered by Aucher Eloy. Hauss- knecht’s 907, from the desert near Koluh-hassar, has leaves half as long and twice as broad as the Aleppo plant, and as long a stem with only a single terminal flower. 2. Hermopactytus (Tourn.) Adans. Perianth-tube short, cylindrical; limb funnel-shaped; outer segments obovate-cuneate, reflexing in the upper third; inner segments small, ascending, lanceolate, with a long cusp. Stamens and styles as in Iris, but the ovary 1-celled, with 38 parietal placentas. Seeds subglobose. 1. H. tuserosus Salish. in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 304. Iris tuberosa Linn.; Bot. Mag. t. 581; Red. Lil. t. 48; Sibth. & Sm. Fl. Gree. t. 41; Eng. Bot. 3rd ed. t. 1496; Fl. des Serres, t. 1083; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. tab. 348.—Rootstock of 2-4 cylindrical digitate tubers an inch long. Stem 1-headed, a foot or more long. Produced leaves 2-3, glaucous, tetragonal, 1-2 ft. long. Spathe 1-flowered, with usually only 1 large lanceolate valve; pedicel 1-2 in, long. 48 HANDBOOK OF IRIDE, Perianth-limb about 2 in. long; falls with a suborbicular reflexing dark brown blade } in. broad. Capsule turbinate, 14-2 in. long. Hab. Through the Mediterranean region from the South of France to Greece. H. longifolius Sweet is a form with leaves 3—4 ft. long, and H. bi- spathaceus Sweet a form with a second valve to the spathe. 8. Mora Linn. Perianth-tube obsolete ; outer segments obovate-cuneate, with a reflexing limb; inner similar, smaller, or in subgenus Vieusseuwia small, tricuspidate. Stamens with anthers like those of Iris, but filaments more or less connate. Ovary, style, capsule, and seed as in Ivis.—Rootstock a globose corm, except in subgenus Dietes. Leaves few, linear or ensiform. Flowers two or more in a cluster, various in colour, usually fugitive. The line of demarcation between Jris and Morea has been drawn in different places by different authorities. Here I have followed Bentham, with whom Tris belong entirely to the North Temperate zone, and Morea to the Cape and Tropical Africa, with one species Australian. Subgenus I. Morma prover. — Rootstock a tunicated corm. Ovary not beaked. Inner segments of the perianth oblanceolate, erect. Dwarf; stems simple or forked low down : +)