\ dpi cas Sple my eons Gibson: mee ak oo/V: ——" ARNOLD ALOR ETON Sawatos Vy... Mas@ 2s ee FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA. | A.S.C4TTELL 2OOENGS, ADIANTUM HISPIDULUM. (Sw.) Handbook to the Ferns of British India Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula With Supplement By Baloncl Re ils Beddome, F/L2S. 3 n Late Conservator of Forests, Madras Author of “ The Ferns of British India” $i Ae TeW YOR Fxe AB? ow Ne Pee as ES FD RE With Three Hundred Illustrations Calcutta Thacker, Spink, and Co. Bombay: Thacker & Co., Lim.; Madras: Higgingbotham & Co. London: W. Thacker & Co. 1892 Pangea CEs HIS handbook is a digest of the information on Indian Ferns contained in Sir W. Hooker’s “Species Filicum,” the “Synopsis Filicum,” Mr. J. Smith’s “ Historia Filicum,” also of Mr. Clarke’s ‘Ferns of Northern India,” and of the author’s works, “The Ferns of Southern India” and “The Ferns of British India.” The author's former works were compiled in India, without access to libraries or to any herbarium with typical specimens. He has now had the advantage of going thoroughly through the Wallichian ferns at the Linnean, the large collections at Kew and in the British Museum, and of comparing his own collections with typical forms ; he is, besides, indebted for much assistance to Messrs. Baker and Clarke, especially in the determination of all critical forms, so that he has been able, he believes, to clear up many doubts and to correct manv errors. Vi PREFACE. The generic nomenclature is, with few exceptions, that of the “Synopsis Filicum,” but the sub-genera have been raised to the rank of genera; this avoids the inconvenience of double generic names, and may be admitted on this score even by those who do not consider the wide difference in habit of such genera as Phegopteris, Polypodium, Pleopeltis, and Drynaria of any value generically, and who base their genera on the sori alone, without reference to habit, vena- tion, or vernation. The geographical limits of the work comprise the whole of British India, Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula. WEST HILL, PUTNEY, May, 1833. IRAVEIOID |) (Ol? Sale, ORDERS, TRIBES, AND GENERA OF FERNS AS FOLLOWED IN THIS WORK: ORDER FILICES. SUB-ORDER I.—GLEICHENIACE, GENUS. PaGeE. Capsules opening vertically, surrounded by a broad transverse complete ring é ; F i 5 6} GumeEmNMA 4) SUB-ORDER II.—POLYPODIACEA. Capsules surrounded by a jointed, vertical and elastic ring. A. INVOLUCRATE. Sort with an indusium, except in Alsophila. TRIBE I.—CYATHE. Sori globose, capsules sessile or stalked, often on a raised receptacle. Indusium (wanting in Alsophila) inferior, including the sorus, lateral and resembling a scale, or cup-shaped, often when young enveloping the sorus, eventually opening at the summit, or breaking down with a more or less regular margin, caudex generally arborescent. Receptacle elevated, indusium globose, inferior, quite covering the sorus when young. : : p @ (CAANIIEIO, 5 5s 5 Indusium a cup-like scale below the sorus, but never quite covering it, veins free . ; ; : . 3 AmpuHicosmiaA . 8 Indusium none ; P - 5 : ; . 4 ALSOPHILA gt Receptacles not elevated, indusium inferior globose . 5 DIACALPE . a do Indusium umbrella-shaped, six-lobed . : . 6 MATONIA . 7 ue) Vill TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS. TRIBE II.—DICKSONIEZ. Sori globose, indusium inferior, subglobose, free, sometimes covering the whole sorus, closed, at length bursting irregularly, more frequently cup-shaped entire or with two lips. Fertile fronds contracted with revolute margins, indusium hemispherical, very fugacious or wanting, veins free ° Indusium thin, subglobose, open at the top and laciniate Indusium medial on a vein, thick globose pedicellate, bursting into two lips Indusium apical on a vein, two-valved Indusium apical on a vein, cup-shaped TRIBE II].—HYMENOPHYLLEA:. Filmy ferns, indusium inferior, apical on a vein, two-lipped or tubular. Indusium more or less two-lipped Indusium tubular, the mouth truncate or slightly two- lipped . TRIBE IV.—DAVALLIEA!. Indusium squamiform, suborbicular or tubular, open at the apex, fastened broadly at the base, and sometimes at the sides. Indusium apical on a vein, suborbicular coriaceous, attached by a broad base, the sides free. Indusium as in Humata, but thin and smaller and narrower : Indusium a subcylindric cyst formed of the substance of the frond, apical on the veins Indusium apical, tubular, attached by the base and sides Tndusium apical, half cup- Pe attached by the base and sides GENUS. PaGE. 7 STRUTHIOPTERIS 8 WoopsiA Q PERANEMA. 10 CIBOTIUM . 11 DENNSTADTIA 12 HYMENOPHYLLUM 13 TRICHOMANES 14 HUMATA 15 LEUCOSTEGIA 16 PROSAPTIA . 17 DAVALLIA 18 MICROLEPIA 20 20 28 46 48 56 58 TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS. 1X GENUS. PaGE. Indusium apical, compound, suborbicular, only open at the top 19 STENOLOMA 68 Indusium medial on a vein membranaceous, hood- Bke, . 20 CYSTOPTERIS 70 TRIBE V.—LINDSAYEE. Indusium apical on the veins, in a continuous or interrupted line, the outer valve being the margin of the frond, the inner membranaceous. Veins free 21 LINDSAYA. 5 AB Veins anastomosirg 22 SCHIZOLOMA a7, TRIBE VI.—PTERIDE. Indusium oblong or linear, formed of the more or less changed and reflexed margin of the frond, open- ing inwardly. Indusium globose to linear usually many and distinct, sometimes confluent and continuous, bzaring the capsules on its under side, veins free. 23 ADIANTUM 82 Indusium roundish and distinct, or more or less con- fluent but not continuous, capsules on the frond . 24 CHEILANTHES 88 Indusium as in Pteris, the ultimate segments of fronds small and very narrow . ; ; ; : . 25 ONYCHIUM 95 As in Pellzea, but fronds dimorphic . 5 5 . 260 CRYPFOGRAMME 98 Indusium quite continuous, sori at first dot-like, but soon running into a line 27 PELLA@A 98 Indusium quite continuous, sori linear continuous, occupying a slender filiform receptacle in the axis of the indusium, veins free . 0 : ‘ 28 PTERIS . 104 As in Pteris, but lowest veins meeting and forming an arch : : , : ; 29 CAMPTERIA 116 As in Pteris, but veins all anastomosing without free included veinlets . Bf Mie 30 DoryOPTERIS 120 Asin Pteris, but veins all anastomosing with some free included veinlets 31 LITOBROCHIA 120 xX TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS. GENUS. * Anomalous. ; ‘ : ; A : . 32 CERATOPTERIS Indusium continuous, sori linear, continuous, covering all or nearly all the space between the midrib and margin, fronds dimorphous, capsule ring vertical . 33 LOMARIA As in Lomaria, but capsule ring oblique . : 2 Bal TRIBE VII.L—BLECHNE. Indusium linear or oblong parallel with the midrib and opening towards it, not near the margin. Indusium membranaceous, distinct from the margin of the frond, parallel with and usually contiguous to PLAGIOGYRIA the midrib, veins free . ; : ; : . 35 BLECHNUM As in Blechnum, only veins anastomosing ; EO Indusium linear-oblong, thick, in single rows parallel BLECHNIDIUM with and near the midrib, sori sunk in cavities - 37 WooDWARDIA Indusium lunate, thin, in one or more rows, parallel with and near the midrib, sori not sunk ; . 38 Doopia TRIBE VIII.—ASPLENIE. Indusium linear or oblong or horseshoe-shaped, opening towards the midrib, sometimes double, sori attached to the veins. Indusium linear, single, veins free, their apices com- bined by a transverse marginal vein : : . 39 THAMNOPTERIS . Indusium linear or oblong single, veins free. . 40 ASPLENIUM As in Asplenium, but indusium more or less curved . 41 ATHYRIUM As in Asplenium, but indusium double . : . 42 DIPLAZIUM Asin Diplazium, but veins anastomosing . 6 . 43 ANISOGONIUM Asin Asplenium, but veins anastomosing obliquely only towards margin of frond ; : ; 5 Aa Indusium sausage-shaped, veins anastomosing and forming elongated areoles’ . : : : a AS Indusium linear elongated, submarginal, fronds fan- likes 2 : j : : : : : . 46 ACTINIOPTERIS . HEMIDICTYUM ALLANTODIA PAGE. - 123 225 5 Dy 5 1310 » 133 - 135 - 135 137 . 141 . 161 - 174 . 191 - 194 » 195 197 TABLE OF THE GENERA OF TRIBE IX.—ASPIDIE. Indusium superior, elliptical, subglobose or reni- form fixed either by the centre or a sinus. Indusium elliptical, emarginate at the base, attached longitudinally to the linear receptacle, veins free . Indusium of Didymochlena habit and venation of Nephrodium Indusium orbicular, veins free . Indusium orbicular, veins generally anastomosing acutely with free veinlets from their junction . Indusium peltate orbicular, or reniform, veins co- piously anastomosing with free included veinlets Indusium reniform, veins only slightly anastomosing . e Indusium reniform, veins free Indusium reniform, one or more of the lower veinlets anastomosing with the corresponding one of the next group As in Lastrea, but always simply pinnate, the pinnz articulated and furnished with white dots above As in Lastrea, but wide creeping and scandent with jointed stems and entire fronds . B. EXINVOLUCRATA.—Sovd without an indusiunt. TRIBE X.—POLYPODIE#:. Sori on the back of the lobes, round or rarely somewhat oblong. Stipes continuous with the caudex, habit of Lastrea, veins free Stipes continuous with caudex, venation and habit of Nephrodium Stipes continuous with caudex, venation and habit of Aspidium Stipes articulated with caudex, veins free . Veins forming regular areoles, the lower one or more with a free included soriferous veinlet 47 DIDYMOCHLANA 199 48 MESOCHLZNA . 199 49 POLYSTICHUM . 201 50 CyRTOMIUM . 211 51 ASPIDIUM 212 52 PLEOCNEMIA 223 53 LASTREA 228 54 NEPHRODIUM 267 55 NEPHROLEPIS . 282 56 OLEANDRA . 285 57 PHEGOPTERIS . 288 58 GONIOPTERIS . 296 59 DicTYoPTERIs 298 60 POLYPODIUM 302 61 GONIOPHLEBIUM Xil TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS. Areoles copious, each with two or more sori, fronds always simple and woolly beneath . : Fronds flabellate in two halves, veins copiously anas- tomosing ’ Fronds either with the base oak-leaf-like, or with separate sterile oak-leaf-like small fronds Fronds various, veins copiously anastomosing with free included veinlets TRIBE XI.—GRAMMITIDEAL. Sori on the back of the lobes more than twice as long as broad, usually linear. As in Cheilanthes, but without an indusium, sori though oblong or roundish at first, soon confluent into a continuous line Sori linear, close to midrib on both sides, fronds grass-like . : ; : : c Sori linear or linear-oblong, otherwise as in Phegop- teris . : ; c c : 0 ; As in Nephrodium, but sori linear Habit of Cheilanthes, sori linear, veins free Habit of Polypodium, sori linear, veins generally united by transverse veinlets near margin c As in Pleopeltis, with copiously anastomosing veins, sori linear, stipes articulate with caudex a As in Selliguea, but stipes not articulate and fronds leathery : 5 : : c : Anomalous, veins arcuately anastomosing at the base, forming costal areoles . : : : . As in Goniopteris, but sori elongated or confluent Sori carried along the veins imperfectly articulated, fronds simple : : : : Grass-like ferns, sori in continuous marginal lines, veins free. : ; ; : : j GENUS. 62 NIPHOBOLUS 63 DIPTERIS 64 DRYNARIA. 65 PLEOPELTIS 66 NOTHOLZNA 67 MONOGRAMME 68 LEPTOGRAMME . 3 69 STEGNOGRAMME. 70 GYMNOGRAMME. 71 SYNGRAMME 72 SELLIGUEA 73 LOXOGRAMME 74 BRAINEA 75 MENISCIUM 76 ANTROPHYUM 77 VITTARIA . PaGE. » 324 - 334 ool 5 . 404 TABLE OF THE GENERA OF Sori in a continuous linear, or interrupted central or submarginal line, veins reticulated, fronds pinnate . As in Teenitis, but fronds simple and dimorphous Veins copiously reticulated and completely soriferous. TRIBE XII.—ACROSTICHE!, Sori not confined to the veins, but spread entirely over the frond beneath. Fronds simple, veins free . Fronds pinnate, Lomaria-like, veins all simple or sometimes arcuate at the base ; scandent ferns Fronds pinnate, not Lomaria-like, veins all simple ; not scandent Similar to Elaphoglossum, but with a connecting vein running round the margin Veins copiously anastomosirg with free included veinlets Veins copiously anastomosing without free included veinlets. Sea-coast fern . : . 5 Drynaria-like fronds, pinnz articulated, but stipe adherent to caudex Fronds with stag’s-horn-like divisions, vernation articulate, sori in large patches only on the fertile fronds . SUB-ORDER III.—OSMUNDACE#, Capsules two-valved, opening across the apex, furnished with a short horizontal ring - SUB-ORDER IV.—SCHIZAZACEZ, Capsule two-valved, opening down the side, crowned by a complete operculiform ring. Capsules sessile in 2-4 rows on one side of close spikes FERNS. Xill GENUS. PAGE. 78 TANITIS . 410 79 DRYMOGLOSSUM. 410 80 HEMIONITIS . 413 81 ELAPHOGLOSSUM. 416 82 STENOCHLENA . 421 83 POLYBOTRYA . 424 84 ACONIOPTERIS . 427 85 GYMNOPTERIS . 429 86 ACROSTICHUM . 440 87 PHOTINOPTERIS. 442 88 PLATYCERIUM . 444 89 OSMUNDA . 447 90 SCHIZAIA lis) XIV TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS. Capsules smooth, very abundant in a branched panicle Capsules solitary in the axils of large imbricated clasping involucres ; scandent SUB-ORDER V.—MARATTIACE. Capsule opening by a slit down one side or a pore at the apex, without a ring. Capsules sessile, very close together, but not concrete Capsules concrete, in boat-shaped spore-cases Capsules concrete in raised circular masses which are hollow in the centre SUB-ORDER VI.—OPHIOGLOSSACEZ. Capsules deeply two-valved, opening down the side nearly to the base, without a ring. Capsules sessile in two rows on a narrow close spike. Capsules in small crested clusters forming a mea spike Capsules in two rows on the face of spikes which form a compound panicle GENUS. 91 ANEMIA 92 LYGODIUM . 03 ANGIOPTERIS 94 MARATTIA 95 KAULFUSSIA 96 OPHIOGLOSSUM . 97 HWELMINTHO- STACHYS 98 BOTRYCHIUM PAGE - 453 453 - 458 - 460 . 462 462 . 467 . 469 Kony y NNN) LZ if A “ordi om EM Ke Ui Ye 2 a, ea Icbebtcl fais Ns \ia aI p aM Mi Ua, iY Bega ‘ wT GLEICHENIA GLAUCA. x yy Y SSN Lig) geil HHA Pr oy A } / : - U [Vi]. / SESS) y ul | ; TL AALS ee Zig LYMM YY, Gate uf iY \ylalsl val as \\ van) \\ VRAIS SS ‘ \W AY AR AW ANN ‘ \ VAS Lys \/a Mi) ) /} lj (Hook.) N° 296. Fan, NOS i la N° 297. LY £2 LF VS \ <—S WSs \ "2G PS HE SX AW ‘K PWS NS Ss A.S. CATTELL & C°, ENGRAF CYATHEA HOOKERI. (Zhw.) Po DBOOK TO. TE FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA, CEYLON, AND THE Meare 2 Poke NN SU st ts lS ORDER FILICEs. APSULES (sporangia) one-celled, usually membranaceous and dorsal (on the back of the frond), or marginal, encircled by a complete or incomplete, jointed, elastic ring, collected in clusters (sori) of a definite but varied form, with or without a covering (indu- sium) or panicled or spicate, rarely laxly scattered ; or the capsules have the ring obsolete, or none, or the ring is confined to the apex ot the capsule, where it forms a longitudinally striated crown, bursting vertically ; or the capsules are sunk in a many-celled, fleshy or corky receptacle of varied forms, opening by pores or clefts on the upper surface ; spores minute, various in form; vernation generally circi- nate, rarely erect. SUB-ORDER I.—GLEICHENIACE. Sori dorsal; of few (2-10) capsules ; capsules opening vertically surrounded by a broad, transverse, complete ring; indusium none ; caudex generally creeping ; stipes often dichotomous ; fronds rigid, generally large, and dichotomously branched, frequently bearing axillary buds ; vernation circinate. 2 2 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. GENUS I.—GLEICHENIA. (Swmith.) (In honour of Gleichen, a German botanist). Sori of few sessile capsules, situated on a lower exterior veinlet ; caudex generally creeping ; frond rarely unbranched, generally dichotomously divided, often proliferous from the axils of the forks ; pinnz deeply pinnatifid, with the segments small and concave, sub- orbicular, or pectinate with elongated lobes. § Sori solitary at the apex of a veinlet. 1. GLEICHENIA CIRCINATA. (Sz.) Fronds dichotomous, divari- cated, lobes of the pinnules bead-like, ovate, or subrotund, the margins slightly recurved; capsules 3-4; branches and rachis glabrous, or more or less scaly. edd. F. B. L. ¢. 177, as semivestita Labill. ook. Sp. Fal. p. 11. Malacca. (Also in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and New Caledonia.) § Sori near the middle, or at the forking, of the veinlets. 2. GLEICHENIA GLAUCA. (ook.) A large straggling fern many feet long ; stipes stout forked; primary pinnz opposite, secondary pinne alternate, close, 6-8 inches long by 1-2 broad, lanceolate, acuminate, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, the segments or pinnules oblong-lanceolate, but obtuse, more or less glaucous beneath, glabrous or tomentose, and paleaceous on the stipes and rachis; capsules, 3—5, often mixed with hams. edd. 7. GB. cages gigantea Wallich. G. longissima, B/. Hfook. Sp. Fil. p. 12. G. gigantea, Wall. Cat Polypodium glaucum, Zhunb. Fl. Jap. 338, which is the oldest specific name. Bhotan and Sikkim, alt. 4,500—-7,500 feet. Very common about Darjeeling, Khasya, 3,500-5,000. Common in Nepal, Malay Peninsula. (Also in China, Japan, the Malay Islands, Sandwich Islands, Tropical Australia, Polynesia, West Indies, and Tropical America.) 3. GLEICHENIA Norrisu. (JZe/¢.) Branches of the frond one- jugate, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 feet long, pinnz lanceolate, the lower distinctly stalked, spreading, 6-9 inches long, cut down toa narrow ~ » \ 3 G\ x ( fg f) SI i AN ny Hi GLEICHENIA LINEARIS (Burm.) 4 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. wing into close entire ligulate blunt segments, upper gradually smaller, reflexed; texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces glabrous, the lower green or glaucous; veinlets once forked ; sori medial, 12-20 toasegment. edd. F. B. I. t. 346. Hook. Sp. Fil. p. 449. Malacca. 4. GLEICHENIA LINEARIS (Lurm.under Polypodium). Stipes zigzag, repeatedly di- or trichotomous, the ultimate branches bearing a pair of forked pinnz ; a distinct pair of pinne also arises from the base of the forked branches, pinnules usually glaucous beneath, usually entire with recurved margins, texture hard, veinlets usually three- branched from the base, the centre one being often forked or pinnate. edd. F. S. 7. ¢. 74, as dichotoma. Gl. dichotoma, W7//d. fhiok. Sp. Fil. p. 15. Polypodium lineare, Burm. Fil. Ind. 235, ¢. 67, fig. 2, oldest specific name. ‘This fern has long been known under the name of dichotoma, which, however, must be dropped, as there is an older specific name. Mountains of southern India and Ceylon, up to 6,000 feet, Sikkim, Bhotan, Nepal, Kumaon, Khasya, &c., up to 5,000 feet. Malay Peninsula. (Also in Japan, Tropical Australia, America, Polynesia.) SUB-ORDER II.—POLYPODIACE. Sori dorsal or marginal, subglobose, of many capsules, with or without an indusium, usually pedicellate, more or less completely surrounded with a jointed vertical and elastic ring, and bursting transversely (except in Hymenophyllez). A.—INvoLucraT#.—Sori furnished with an indusium (except in Alsophila), Tribes Cyatheze to Aspidieze. TRIBE I._-CYATHE. Sori dorsal, globose, often at or near the forking of a vein; capsules numerous, often very compact sessile or stalked, generally on an elevated receptacle, often mixed with hairs, obovate usually with a broad, vertical, or sub-oblique elastic ring; indusium (none in FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 5 Alsophila) inferior, including the sorus, lateral and resembling a scale on the under side of the sorus, or cup-shaped, often when young en- veloping the sorus, eventually opening at the summit, or breaking down with a more or less regular margin ; caudex very often arborescent. GENUS II.—CYATHEA. (Smith.) (Ayathos, a cup—the form of indusium.) Soui ona vein, or in the axil of the forking of a vein, receptacle elevated, globose, or elongated ; indusium globose inferior, cov- ering the whole sorus, after- wards breaking at the summit, and forming a more or less persistent cup, even or irregu- lar, at the margin; generally arborescent ; stipes often acu- leated ; fronds simple, pinnate, or decompoundly pinnate. * Fronds undivided. 1. CYATHEA SINUATA. (fZook. and Grev.) Caudex erect, 2-4 ft. long, about 1 inch in diame- ter; frond simple, 2-3 ft.long, 12} inches wide, elongate-lan- ceolate, sinuate, acuminate, ta- pering at the base; veins pin- nate; veinlets soriferous near middle. edd. F. S. f. t. 259 ; CYATHEA SINUATA. (LZo0k.) Hook. Sp. Fil. p. 16. Ceylon, in the Singhe-Rajah Forest. ** Fronds pinnate. 2. CyarHeA Brunonis. (Wad/.) Stipes 12 feet long; fronds 2-3 ft long, pinnate glossy; pinnae 6-14 inches long, alternate, between membranous and coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate with a long narrow point obliquely truncated at the base and shortly 6 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. peticlate, sinuate-crenate; veins three-branched or pinnate, the veinlets occasionally anastomosing amongst themselves, or with the next group; sori medial on the veinlets; indusium very persistent. LG, Ti, Joke ISG US 3 SECA, SY SAIS oe 10 Penang and Malacca. (Also in the Malay Islands.) 3. CyATHEA Hookeri. (Z/w.) Small, but with a trunk-like caudex 14 inch thick; stipes short black, muricated at the base and sub-paleaceous ; fronds coriaceo-membranaceous, 2-3 feet long, 4-5 inches wide, elongate-lanceolate, acuminate, pinnate pinnatifid at the apex; pinnz from a broad base, which is more or less auricled, lanceolate acuminate, sessile or sub-sessile, coarsely dentate-pinnatifid, more or less entire towards the apex and base, and the lower ones gradually diminishing in size and obtuse at their apex ; veins pinnate ; sori medial on the veinlets ; indusium soon breaking up and becoming Cupalike: bedd. 25. & t200.. Lhw. in, L1. Ly. fp. 3O0u woos Sp. Fil. p. 16. Ceylon, in the Singhe-Rajah Forest. *** Fronds decompoundly pinnate. 4. CYATHEA SPINULOSA. (JVall.) A tall tree fern; stipes and main rachis beneath, strongly aculeate, dark purple ; fronds glabrous, tripinnatifid ; main rachis and rachis of pinnules ferruginous above ; rachis of pinnules and main vein of segments scaly below, but the latter glabrous above; segments falcate-obleng acute, serrulate, the margin more or less recurved; veinlets once-forked, or more rarely three-branched ; sori copious near the costules or main veins; in- dusium completely covering the sorus when young, soon breaking agSeUUeN I SEO IETS), Ih ts 37 Talal 2, Spi, HELA jo AR The Wynad at 3,000 feet elevation, North and South Canara Coorg, Jeypore Hills (Vizag), Nepal, Jaintea Hills. The Wynad specimens are in every way identical with those from Northern India collected by Wallich, and Mr. Clarke is in error in stating that the South Indian plant is a Hemitelea, as on comparing with him the specimens he had examinéd at Kew I found that they were ‘€ Alsophila latebrosa,” and that this Cyathea was not represented CYATHEA SPINULOSA. (V/all.) 8 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. trom S. India in the Cyathea bundles at Kew, although there was a specimen of it from Dalzell elsewhere, labelled ‘‘ Lastrea also- philoides,” and a specimen from Canara, mixed with Hemitelea. I find no 3-branched veinlets in my specimens; but I have no barren pinnz in which only they occur. Except in being much more aculeate, over-ripe examples are with difficulty distinguished from Alsophila latebrosa; it is however perfectly glabrous on the segments beneath, whereas in the Alsophila there is generally some pubescence on the costules, and minute hairs on the veinlets. I have never found this fern much above 3,000 feet elevation, but the Alsophila is common at the highest altitudes on the Nilgiris, Pulneys and Anamallays. GENUS III.—AMPHICOSMIA. (Fé. (Amphi, around ; kosmos, world ; in allusion to its wide distribution.) Sori globose, dorsal, on a veinlet ; receptacle elevated ; indusium a cup-like scale below the sorus, but never completely covering the capsules as in Cyathea. Arborescent ferns like Cyathea, and a connecting link between that genus and Alsophila, very difficult to determine except with unripe sori; veins all free; fronds ample decompound. (Hemitelea only differs in having the costal veins anastomosing. None are found in India.) 1. AMPHICOSMIA WALKER&. (//ook.) Stipes unarmed or slightly muricate; fronds ample bi-tripinnate, thick, firm, very coriaceous ; primary pinne 1% foot long, secondary pinnze rather remote, 3-4 inches long, deeply, nearly to the costa pinnatifid, or again pinnate, oblong, narrow-acuminate ; the costa, as is the rachis, hairy above and scaly below ; pinnules or lobes oblong, very obtuse, entire or crenate ; veinlets once-forked, three-branched or even pinnate ; sori close to the costules; indusium cup-shaped under the sorus. ook. Sp. Fil. os Bo, LaGd IRS, IL Vis Ait Ceylon, centre of the island at the higher elevations. Var. /3 ¢77- pinnata has the ultimate pinnules lobed, but there are intermediate forms. a iO in | eee, wa an CE Lj Ly, Yi AW RUNNY Wi te Z moana nt mannii ss ZY q ROR RSS Ny eh Wop raynany Wiz mae a IN TA woe We SS [Leer 7: ia Iii Vj : pia Son i Taf uo! ‘Sy AS_CATTFLL & CO FMS AMPHICOSMIA WaALKERA, (L/o0k.) 10 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 2. AMPHICOSMIA DECIPIENS. (/. Scofé, under Hemitelea.) A lofty tree fern, very prickly on the main and secondary rachises, tertiary rachis (that of the pinnules) bullate-scaly, not pubescent ; pinnules glabrous, or nearly so, segments sometimes much narrowed where fertile ; veinlets forked, or often three-branched and even four- branched in the sterile portions; sori in two rows close along the main veins or costa of the segment; involucre a hemispheric cup. Js Sao, OD LET B TEES OOS BB% bs Whe SEGUE, IE TE Mgt Bi, SMOWS the veins and bullate scales correctly, but not the involucre. Sikkim and Bhotan, 1,0o00-4,o00 feet. Khasya below Nung- klow. Differs from the next in being much more prickly and in the segments being generally longer and narrower. I do not feel certain it is distinct from Cyathea spinulosa, as I have not seen the involucre in very young state. 3. AMPHICOSMIA BRUNONIANA. (Wall. under Alsophila.) A large tree fern; main rachis somewhat prickly, secondary rachis slightly muricated or smooth; rachis of the pinnules_crisped-pubdes- cent ; segments minutely hairy on the veinlets (under the lens), not contracted in fruit ; veinlets forked, or three-branched veinlets very rare ; sori and involucre as in the last. Clarke, p. 430. Alsophila Brunoniana, Wad/. Alsophila Jatebrosa, var. hemitelioides, /. Scoé¢, Ik, Gs Be Sikkim and Bhotan, 4,000-7,500 feet; Fast Nepal; Khasya 3,000-5,000 feet, very common. The specimen for which Mr. Clarke gives the locality ‘‘ Deccan ” is a specimen of Cyathea spinulosa, collected at Mendeb in Canara low IDR, IRVO aes) = } Mr. Clarke’s variety /2 Scoftiz, ““ segments of the fertile pinnules unusually large, deeply crenated, with many three-branched veinlets,” is founded on a single pinna in the Kew Herbarium, collected by Scott in Sikkim and labelled by him latebrosa, var. 3; it is perhaps a new species. 4. AMPHICOSMIA ALTERANS. (ook, under Alsophila.) Rachis glabrous, smooth, turning brown; fronds subcoriaceous, glabrous, sub- FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Mii tripinnate ; primary pinne short, petiolate very remote, 10-14 inches long, 2-3 inches wide, oblong acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, pinnate near the base; segments 1-14 inch long, oblong acute subfalcate entire or serrate, all horizontal, the extremity suddenly pinnated with oblong undivided sessile pinnules serrated at the margin; veins once forked (rarely twice-forked); sori in the axil of the fork, or in the lower veins, considerably above it; involucre a hemispherical cup completely surrounding the base of the sorus. edd. & B. 1. f, 236, under Alsophila. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 41. Penang. My specimens distinctly show the indusium. GENUS IV.—ALSOPHILA. (47own.) (Alsos, grove; phileo, to love.) Sori globose, dorsal, on a vein or at the forking of a vein ; recep- tacle generally elevated, often villous ; involucre none, but the bullate scales along the costa of the segments may often be mistaken for such. Arborescent ferns; fronds decompoundly pinnate; veins never anastomosing, simple forked or pinnate. 1. ALSOPHILA LATEBROSA. (/Zook.) A lofty tree fern; stipes aculeate at the base, muricated upwards, dark mahogany-brown, primary pinne oblong acuminate, 12-24 inches long, 6-8 inches wide; pinnules lanceolate-acuminate, 3-4 inches long, cut down nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong, blunt slightly-toothed segments on each side; rachis of pinnules beneath glabrous or pubescent ; veins generally minutely hairy (under the Jens) ; veinlets forked ; numerous bullate scales along the costa of the segments beneath and also along the rachis of the pinnules ; sori occupying the lower two-thirds of the segment. Bedd. & S. £4.58. Hook. Syn. WEL, 2. 43: Nilgiris and all the western mountains in the Madras Presidency and the Shevaroys, up to 7,000 feet; but often found as low as 3,000 ; Sikkim, Bhotan and Khasya, 3,500-5,000 feet ; also through- out the Malay Peninsula and Penang. I cannot distinguish the two varieties given by Mr. Clarke. The South Indian specimens 12 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. vary from quite or nearly quite glabrous to as pubescent as those from Sikkim, and the Penang specimens seem quite identical. 2. ALSOPHILA GLAUCA. (/. Sm.) A lofty tree fern; more or less prickly; fronds subcoriaceous, glabrous, glaucous beneath ; pinnz 2—3 feet long, pinnules 4-5 inches long, 4 to 1 inch broad, deeply,nearly to the costa pinnatifid; segments linear-oblong subfalcate, when fertile often contracted, entire or distantly crenulate ; veins forked, and often three-branched; receptacle naked or hairy. /. Sm. in flook. Jour. Bot. iii. 419. Bedd. F. B. J. ¢. 86 (as A. Brunoniana). Alsophila contaminans, Hook. Syn. fil. p. 41. Chnoophora glauca, Bl. En. Fil. Jav. 443. Sikkim, Bhotan, Assam, Khasya, Cachar, Sylhet, Chittagong, Burmah and Malay Peninsula, up to 4,000 feet. (Also in the Malay Islands.) 3. ALSOPHILA ORNATA. (/. Scotz.) A lofty tree fern; stipes paleaceous at the base, slightly muricated, and, as well as the main rachises, glossy purplish-brown ; fronds herbaceous-membranaceous ; primary pinnz oblong-lanceolate, rather abruptly contracted into a short, deeply pinnatifid apex; pinnules nearly all petiolate lanceolate, oblong acuminate, deeply, nearly to the costa pinnatifid; segments ovate in the sterile, narrow oblong in the fertile, slightly falcate, serrated; costa of the pinnules somewhat hairy above and _ scaly below ; veinlets forked or a few three-branched. /. Scott, in Trans. LTD (SMO KES BOy te 1 By LEGS TaD TEI ie Sikkim, on the banks of the Rungbee, below the Government Cinchona plantatioa, at 2,500 feet elevation, called Dang pashin by the Lepchas. 4. ALSOPHILA ANDERSONI. (/. Sco/t) A tall tree fern; stipes muricated and rough, clothed more or less with lanceolate subulate deciduous scales ; rachises tawny villous below, somewhat scabrous above ; fronds ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous-membranaceous, pilose ; primary pnnz oblong-lanceolate acuminate; pinnules pinnatifid nearly to the rachis with an attenuated serrated apex; segments broad-oblong, slightly falcate, sharply serrated; veinlets simple or FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. a once forked, 10-12 pair to each segment, al] except the upper two or three with a single sorus a little below the middle; the costules, veins, and veinlets beneath all furnished with long weak white hairs, which are also present in a less degree on the upper surface. Weescai 272 Trans. Lin. Soc. xxx t. 17. Bedd. F. B. J. ¢. 310. Sikkim, in the tropical valleys below the Government Cinchona plantation, alt. 1,000—2,500 feet. Khasya. Called Pulai-nock by the Lepchas. 5. ALSOPHILA OLDHAMI. (Bedd.) A tree fern, 6-10 feet, unarmed; principal rachises half an inch thick, deep purple, asperous ; fronds herbaceous - mem- branaceous ; primary pinnze about 2 feet long by 8-9 inches broad, oblong ac- uminate ; secondary 4-5 inches long by about 1 inch broad, lanceolate acu- minate; cut down nearly to the rachis into numerous linear oblong blunt-toothed segments on each side; costa hairy above, scaly below; veins simple, or once-forked ; sori in two parallel rows below the middle of the veinlets. edd. F. B. J. ¢. 343, Alsophila comosa, Sco/Z, 7. c. ¢. 16 B., not Wall Khasya hills; Sikkim, in the forest between Darjeeling and Surail, 5,000-6,000 feet ; Moulmein. No. 5. ALSOPHILA OLDHAMI. (Zedd.) 6. AtsopHiLa comosa. (//ook.) A tree fern, unarmed ; stipes paleaceous, with long linear-subulate scales, pale brown, as well as the rachises, which are tawny-villous on the upper side; fronds 14 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. herbaceous, glabrous, and, scaleless ; primary pinnze 14-16 inches long, 6-8 inches wide; pinnules oblong-acuminate from a rather broad and truncated sessile or shortly petioled base, serrated two- thirds of the way to the costule, pinnatifid with very narrow sinuses ; lobes close-placed, oblong, serrated; veins, simple or rarely forked ; sori about half-way between the margin and the costule ; receptacle small, very slightly elevated. ook. Syn. fil. ~p. 41. Bedd. F. B. J. Zz, 84. Singapore. (Also in the Malay Islands.) 7, ALSOPHILA cOMMUTATA, (Me/t.) S SS SSss555 ZS Zi Ye AGCATTEELSC® ENC. | | (ZZ00k.) ALSOPHILA CRINITA, 16 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. North Arcot and Cuddapa Hills, Jeypore, &c., and probably general through the northern Circars in moist shady places on the hills ; Himalayas, very common in Sikkim, Nepal, &c.; Burmah and Ceyion. (Also in the Malay Islands and S. China.) The hairs of the rachis are exaggerated in my figure quoted above. g. ALSOPHILA cRINITA. (/ook.) A lofty tree fern; stipes and main rachis stramineous, brown, hispid-paleaceous, and strongly muricate ; spines short, tipped with a black gland; fronds subcoriaceous ; rachises above pilose, beneath and on the cost Gensely paleaceous-crinite ; scales sometimes short and minute, generally elongate and adpressed ; primary pinnee 2 feet long, 10 inches wide ; pinnules oblong acuminate, sessile pinnatifid nearly to the costules; lobes narrow-oblong, sub-obtuse, falcate, the margins recurved, serrated ; costa and veins often pilose; veinlets forked; sori covering the whole under side of the lobes mixed with ciliate scales. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 42. Bedd. F. S.1.t. 59. , Nilgiris, Pulneys, and Anamallays, 5,000-7,000 ft. elevation. Ceylon central provinces. By far the most beautiful of all the tree ferns. 10. ALSOPHILA ALBO-SETACEA. (Sedd.) Main rachis purplish, muricated, and (in age) only slightly scaly; pinnee long petioled ; rachis of pinnz very scaly; pinnules with the one-two lowest segments free, the rest cut down nearly to the rachis, oblong sub- falcate, slightly crenate ; veinlets all forked from near the base, one branch often (or both rarely) again forked; costz sparingly clothed beneath with long white setaceous hairs, which are also present in a less degree on the costa and costules above; costules beneath furnished with deciduous bullate scales, which often have a hyaline setaceous point at the apex ; sori copious. Ledd. Supplmt. to Ferns, p- 2 (not figured). Nicobar Islands (Kurz). 1), ~S Qs wa DIACALPE ASPIDIOIDES. (4/5 3 48 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. GENUS V.—DIACALPE. (£/.) (Dia and kalfe, a vessel, in allusion to the cup-shaped indusium.) Sori globose, the receptacles small, scarcely elevated; indusium inferior (z.e., below the sorus), globose, hard-membranaceous, entire, a length bursting very irregularly at the summit ; capsules numerous, nearly sessile, ring broad, veinlets simple, free. 1. DIACALPE ASPIDIOIDES. (BZ) A large compound fern; stipe scaly, particularly near the base ; fronds tripinnate, submembranaceous, rachis of pinnz pubescent with adpressed scales ; pinne alternate or sub opposite, segments of pinnules oblong-cuneate, lobed, and decurrent, glabrous, or furnished with long weak scales ; veinlets not reaching the margin ; sori medial on the anterior lower vein- lets, involucre bursting irregularly, or sometimes into two regular lipsimeB 725 El. Jao. Fil. ay. Look: Syn. Fil. p. Asemeeaaae LS Ms CAS Nepal to Bhotan, Khasya, 4,000--6,000 feet. Ceylon, higher parts of central provinces. Tenasserim on Mooleyit 5,000-6,000 feet. Tavoy. (Also in the Malay Islands.) 2. DIACALPE FGNICULACEA. (Hook. under FPolystichum.) Rhizome creeping; stipes tufted, 6-12 inches long, densely clothed below with lanceolate reddish-brown scales; fronds 1-2 feet long, 9-12 inches broad, deltoid-lanceolate, 4-5-pinnatifid, lower pinnule 6-8 inches long, 3-4 inches broad, pinnules sub- deltoid, 2-3 inches iong, secondary pinnules cut down to the rachis, their lower divisions often again pinnatifid ; segments linear, very acute, subcoriaceous and very glossy, with a few scattered long scale-like hairs beneath ; indusium leathery, dark purple, spherical, attached by the point under its centre, not stalked, splitting irregu- larly from above. Clarke, p. 434. Hook. Syn. fil. p. 256. Beda. fF. B. I. tab. 36, under Lastrea (indusium incorrect as to shape). Sikkim, 7,000—10,000 feet elevation, abundant at Buckeem ; Upper Ratong, 8,000-9,000 feet. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 19 GENUS VI.—MATONIA. (Br.) (After Dr. Maton, a London physician.) Receptacle of the sori expanded into a firm membranaceous, umbrella-shaped obscurely six-labed stipitate involucre, which covers and encloses six large sessile capsules ; veins forked free, except those round the sori, which are closely reticulated. 1. MaToNIA PECTINATA. (47.) Rhizome creeping ; stipe slender, 6-8 feet high; fronds fan-like, conjugate- subpedately- flabellate, the pinnz produced on the an- terior or upper side of the diver- gent branches, rigid-coriaceous, linear, pinnatifid nearly to the costa, glabrous, often glaucous beneath, 1-2 feet long; sori situate at the posterior base of the segments. Br. ix Wall. Pi. asnas, 1, 7. 16. Hook. Syn. Up. 45. Bedd. F. B.f,t. 186. Malacca, on Mount Ophir ; ore of the rarest and handsomest of ferns. (Also in Borneo.) MATONIA PECTINATA. (Br.) TRIBE II.—DICKSONIEZ. Sori globose, on the back or apex of a vein; indusium inferior, subglobose, free, sometimes covering the whole sorus, closed, or at length bursting irregularly ; more frequently cup-shaped, entire, or with two lips; caudex arborescent in Cibotium; veins free, or anastomosing. , 20 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. GENUS VIIL—STRUTHIOPTERIS. -( Willd.) (S¢ruthtos ostrich, the fronds like feathers of the bird.) . Sori dorsal on the veins of the changed and contracted pinnz of the fertile frond, and quite concealed by the revolute margins ; indusium very thin hemispherical, very fugacicus, or wanting ; caudex erect or creeping; fronds stipitate, dimorphous, fertile ones pinnate ; pinnz torulose or flattish; veins all free pinnate. (Differs from Onoclea in having free veins.) I. STRUTHIOPTERIS ORIENTALIS. (//ook.) Fronds ovate-oblong, not attenuated at the base; fertile ones oblong, contracted ; pinnze linear-oblong, flattened, two-edged, the broad refracted margins covering the whole back, dark brown, glossy, at length spreading, and torn at the margin. Mook. Syn. Fil. p. 46. Gedd. F. BL. I. i WG oe Sikkim, elevation go00-1,200 feet, Khasya, Assam. (Also in Japan and Western China.) GENUS VIIIE—WOODSIA. (47) (In honour of Joseph Wood, a British botanist.) Sori globose ; indusium inferior, soft, membranaceous, calyciform, or more or less globose, and sometimes enclosing the sorus, at length opening at the top, the margin laciniate or fringed ; veins free, simple, or forked. Small herbaceous ferns, the stipes tufted, often jointed. 1. WOODSIA HYPERBOREA. (47.) Glabxous, or with the stipes, rachis and costa beneath slightly hairy and scaly; fronds 5 inches long by 4 inch broad, linear-lanceolate, pinnate; pinnze cordate- ovate, pinnatifid, with few broadly obovate entire lobes, the lower ones distinct ; indusium smalier than the sorus, but fringed with long hairs which extend beyond it. ook. Syn. Fil. p. 46. Clarke, p. 434. Kashmir, Sind Valley, elevation 8,000 feet ; collected only oy Mr. Levinge. (Also in Alpine and Arctic Europe and North Asia.) No 9. (Hook.) STRUTHIOPTERIS ORIENTALIS., Z? FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 2. Woopsia Lanosa. (f/ook.) Like hyperborea, but the frond densely ferruginous, with soft long hairs and scales, stipe also villous or lanate, but becoming glabrous in age. Perhaps a very tomentose variety of No.1. ook. Syn. Pil. p. 47. Bedd. F. B. I. t. 3a% Only in Northern India—mountains of Kumaon; Pindari, 12,000 feet ; above Namik, 11,600 feet; Sikkim Lachen, 14,000 to 16,000 feet ; Mount Donkia, 18,000 feet. 3. Woopsia ELONGATA. (Hook) Glandulosely pilose; fronds up to 12 inches long by 1-13 inch broad, narrow oblong pinnate, pinnee rather distant alternate sessile from a broadish base, oblong obtuse, pinnatifid not more than half down, lobes short, rounded, dentate ; sori globose, much elevated; indusium larger than the _sorus, very membranaceous, globose, soon bursting with a lacerated apex, not ciliated. Hook. Syx. Pil. p. 47. Bedd. F, B.T. ¢. 14. Himalayas, from Dhurmsala to Sikkim, 8,000 to 12,000 feet ; common. GENUS IX.—PERANEMA. (Donz.) (ferz, around ; ema, a thread ; the sorus on a thread-like stalk.) Sori globose, on the back of a vein or veinlet ; indusium in- ferior, globose, coriaceous, pedicellate, at first enclosing the whole sorus, at length bursting vertically into two spreading lips; veins free, forked, clavate; fronds large, decompound. Spheropteris, Wallich. I. PERANEMA CYATHEOIDES. (Doz.) Fronds up to 4-6 feet high, stipate, deltoid decompound, ultimate pinnules sessile, linear- oblong, obtuse, half an inch long, pinnatifid, repand, or crenate ; main rachis scaly or pubescent. Don. Fr. Fl. Nep. p. 12. Bedd. -. S. I. ¢. 73. Spheeropteris barbata, Wall. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. Ao. Nepal and Bhotan, 6,o00-10,000 feet; Khasya, 4,500-6,000 feet ; Anamallays, 6,000 feet. Ss = 3 ® eS . ~ = ~ = © . . < (L/o0k:.) WOODSIA ELONGATA. 24 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. GENUS X.—CIBOTIUM. (Kauif) (Kzbotos, a casket—form of the indusium.) Sori at the apex of a vein, intra-marginal; indusium distinctly two-valved, the outer valve coriaceous, distinct from the substance of the frond ; veins free, simple, forked, or pinnate ; arborescent, with large decompound coriaceous fronds. Only differs from Dick- sonia in the outer valve of the indusium being distinct from the sub- stance of the frond. 1. CipoTium Barometz. (ZLzzk.) *Arborescent; fronds tri- pinnate, lower pinnz ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 feet long, 6-12 inches broad; pinnules linear-acuminate, cut down within a short dis- tance of the rachis above, and sometimes quite down to it at the base, segments linear-oblong, acute, subfalcate, upper surface naked, shining, lower glaucous, sometimes furfuraceous ; sori 2-12 to a lobe; the valves nearly equal, transversely oblong. Lzvk, Fil. Sp. p. 166. fTook. Syn. Fil. p. 49. C. glaucum, Bedd. F. B. J. ¢. 83. Mishmee, Assam, Tavoy. (Also in the Malay Islands and South China.) GENUS XI.—DENNSTAIDTIA. (Lernh.) (In honour of Dennstadt, a German writer.) Sori at the apex of a vein ; indusium cup-shaped, not at all, or very indistinctly, two-valved ; veins free, simple, forked, or pinnate ; not arborescent; fronds herbaceous or membranaceous. Patania Presl. a name of later date. Dicksonia Sec. Patania. Hook. i. DENNSTEDTIA SCABRA. (Wall, under Dicksonia.) Rhizome wide-creeping, villous ; main rachis scabrous, often wavy ; fronds very variable in size, up to 21-3 feet long, and 2 feet broad; deltoid or ovate, bipinnate, surface beneath with scattered glistening hairs, BEATVELL MOO TNE ERY (Dea PERANEMA CYATHEOIDES. 26 FERNS OF BRITISH-INDIA AND CEYLON. \ lower pinne 4-8 inches long, lanceolate, pinnules quite distinct, 1-14 inches long, the lower ones cut down nearly to the rachis into numerous pinnatifid oblong del- toid segments; sori 2-6 to the lower segments ; indusium cup-shaped, subglobose. Wadl. Cat. Dicksonia, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 54. Dennsteedtia deltoidea, Bedd. F. S. /. t. 258. Ceylon, central provinces; Himalayas, Kumaon to Bhotan, 4,000-8,000 feet; Khasya, 4,000—-6,000 feet; Birma and the Malay Peninsula generally, very common. 2. Dennst#p11A Exwesi. (Baker, under Pa- tania.) Fronds lanceolate, tripinnatifid, 1-13 foot long ; rachis stramineous glabrous ; pinnze lanceolate, nearly sessile, 3-4 inches long, #-% inch broad, the rachis flattened ; pinnules 20—30-jugate, lanceolate, sessile cuneate at the base, 13-2 lines broad, deeply pinnatifid ; segments ligulate, erecto-patent, many entire parallel, lowest on the upper side often bifid, both sides glabrous; veins solitary in the centre of each segment; sorus covering the entire apex of the segment. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 54. Bedd. Suppl. to Ferns, t. 347. Sikkim, near Lachen, 8,500 feet ; Choongtam, 9,000 feet. DENNSTA:DTIA SCABRA. ( Wall.) 3. DENNSTAHDTIA APPENDICULATA. (Wall. under Dicksonia.) Fronds oblong or lanceolate, bipinnate, 12-18 inches long, 6 inches broad ; rachis hairy ; pinnze close together, their rachises parallel, lower ones linear-lanceolate, 3-4 inches long, cut down to the rachis ; pinnules linear-oblong, % inch long, 2 lines broad, pinnatifid into linear segments, under surface glandulosely pilose; sori 2-6 to a pinnule placed at the base of the sinuses; indusium cup- shaped, globose. Wall. Cat. 65. Dicksonia (Patania) appendiculata. JAQUES TEDL, fos Sth SEG TB, Tike Te SO Senchal above Darjeeling, 8,500 feet ; Lachen Valley, in Sikkim, Nepal ; Kumaon Gori Valley, 5,500 feet ; Banks of the Vishnugunga, above Panchkisar, 8,o00-9,000 feet. HNN IHD, | aes” MMLAY, Sh [ESss : SUNN Vip WSS iy mh) fy { (t \A\ UE) A Hel Y, Yip 4/ / uM lt Pa Vis a AS Ss VAs Ap) 9 I> ¥ ‘Ss SOS | ! } | SS LATTILLL COINS, Si AL ee ee Se = oe St ee | CIBOTIUM BAROMETZ. (Lzh.) SSO 28 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 2 TRIBE III.—HYMENOPHYLLEA. Sori terminal or marginal from the apex of a vein; receptacle elongated, often filiform an d long, and exserted more or less, clothed especially below. with sessile orbicular imbricated subpeltate com- pressed capsules, surrounded by a complete transverse ring, opening vertically ; indusium inferior, various in shape, generally of the same texture as the frond. Small, often epiphytal ferns, herbaceo- membranaceous, more or less laxly cellular, variously costate and veined. Caudex frequently long, creeping, and filiform. GENUS XII.—HYMENOPHYLLUM. (Z.) (ZZymen, membrane ; phyllon, leaf.) Sori marginal, more or less sunk in the frond or exserted, ter- minating a costa or vein; indusium inferior, more or less deeply two-lipped or two-valved, toothed, fringed, or entire; receptacle elongated, columnar, exserted, or included; capsule mostly orbicu- lar, depressed, attached by the centre, furnished with a broad trans- verse ring, Opening irregularly at the apex. Small, often minute ferns, growing on trunks of trees and damp rocks in moist places, generally on the’ mountains; fronds delicately membranaceous, simple or compound, costate, or with simple or branched, never anastomosing, veins. * Margin of the frond entire. 1. HYMENOPHYLLUM PARVIFOLIUM. (Baker.) A very tiny species, rhizome slender, creeping, Si tomentose; stipes about 1 line long; frond \y) very minute, 2-3 lines long, t line broad, NY linear-oblong, margin entire ; simple or 2—3- = cleft at the apex, sometimes half-way down, iN Axeahq, furnished only with a central costa and a 8 Sew 5 5 as Ree ma eS fey faint, irregular, free spurious venules, the PNT CORC TG margin not thickened ; sori solitary, terminal, PARVIFOLIUM, (Baker.) the cuneate base sunk in the frond divided NS ; AB CATIFLIECAENG . ma DENNSTADTIA APPENDICULATA. (Wall.) 20 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. about half way down; valves rounded entire. Baker, Syn. Fil. is BOs LEGUEL IR, IB UL BB Moulmein. 2. HYMENOPHYLLUM TENELLUM. (Au/uz.) Rhizome wide-creep- ing hairy or with fine hair-like scales; stipes 1-1} inch long; slender, somewhat hairy, fronds 1-2 inches long, #—1 inch broad, oblong to deltoid, tripinnatifid, margin entire, main rachis winged, more or less furnished beneath with ferruginous hair-like scales ; pinnz 4-6 jugate, deltoid, cuneate-truncate at the base on the lower side, lower pinnules 1-2, cleft at tip with ligulate blunt lobes, $ line broad, partial rachises and veins more or less hairy beneath, glabrous above ; sori 2-6 to a pinna, terminal in the lobes; involucre with hemispherical lobes, and a cuneate entire immersed base. Laker, Wit Ls Po Bis Isl, OEM NOS, Vode, TEIS IE 1 O07), lal, Samer= sum, Laker, Syn. Lil. 1st ed. p. 457. Ceylon. (C. P. 3,360.) Differs from any form of polyanthos in having the rach'ses and veins hairy beneath. 3. HYMENOPHYLLUM EXSERTUM. (lWal/.) Stipe 1-2} inches long, slender ; fronds 2—6 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, lanceolate- oblong, ovate or short triangular bipinnatifid ; main rachis winged above or throughout, more or less densely clothed with deciduous ferruginous hairs; lower pinnz rhomboidal, lanceolate-acuminate, divided more than half way down to the rachis into simple or forked linear pinnules, slightly hairy on the principal veins ; sori 2-8 toa pinna, terminal or axillary in the segments on both sides, involucre divided down nearly to the base ; valves oblong, bluntly denticulate Ale DAS ENV EOI SIMs IAL oh, YS, Jeraalil, SH, OS, IE th Himalayas and Khasya Hills, 2,000 to 9,000 feet ; Birma; all the Western Ghats of the Madras Presidency ; Ceylon, central pro- vinces. Very common. 4. HYMENOPHYLLUM POLYANTHOS. (Sz.) Stipes 2-33 inches long, wingless or narrowly winged towards the apex; fronds glabrous, or nearly so, 2-8 inches long by 1-3 inches broad, not crisped, ovate- HYMENOPHYLLUM EXSERTUM. (HVall.) 32 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. oblong tripinnatifid ; main rachis with a narrow wing; lower pinnz triangular-rhomboidal, divided down to a narrow centre into several pinnules on each side, the lowest of which are cuneate or rhomboidal, - deeply pinnatifid, ultimate segments linear, 1-14 line long, less than 3% a line broad; sori 2-12 to a pinna, terminal or axillary on the segments on both sides; involucre small, divided down nearly to the base; valves ovate or rounded entire or slightly denticulate. Swardéz, Syn. Fil. t. 149. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 60. H. microglossum, V.D.B. Ffook. Syn. Fil. ~. 59. H. polyanthos f. minor. edd. &. B. J. Z, 306. H. Blumeanum, Spreng. edd. F. S. I. ¢. 266. Himalayas and Khasya mountains, 1,000-12,000 feet elevation. Western Ghats of the Madras Presidency ; Ceylon; Birma. (Also widely distributed in all tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world.) The typical form is only from Northern India, and is a very large fern. Var. f) MICROGLOSSUM is from the western ghats of South India. edd. F. B. 7. ¢t. 306. A small form with the stipe more or less winged; but Mr. Clarke sends me a fern under this name from Bhotan, which is intermediate between this and the type with some of the fronds running very close to Blumeanum. Var. y BLUMEANUM. Fronds very narrow and elongate, and pinnz sometimes simply pinnatifid only. edd. & S. L. ¢. 266. Ceylon; Tinnevelly and Travancore mountains. ‘This has generally been considered a quite distinct species by botanists in Ceylon and South India, but Mr. Clarke says it runs into the type in Northern India, and cannot be separated. With only Ceylon and South Indian specimens in view, it is difficult to consider them all forms of one species, but after seeing the Himalayan forms, I quite agree with Mr. Clarke that they cannot be separated as species. 5. HYMENOPHYLLUM JAVANICUM. (Sfveng.) Glabrous or nearly so; stipe 2-4 inches long, erect, margined above with a broad, crisped wing ; fronds 4-8 inches long, 3-4 inches broad, triangular, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 33 tripinnatifid ; main rachis with a broad ¢risped wing; lower pinnz 14-2 inches long, triangular-rhomboidal, erect-patent, divided down to a narrow crisped centre into several plane or slightly crisped pinnules on both sides, the lower of which are several times deeply pinnatifid ; sori 6-20 to a pinna, terminal and axillary on the seg- ments on both sides; involucre about as broad as the segments, divided down nearly to the base ; valves orbicular, entire, or denticu- late. Spreng. Syst. iv. 132. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 60. H. crispatum | (Wall) Bead. FS. 1. ¢. 207. Himalayas, Nepal, and Bhotan, 5,o00-8,o00 feet; Khasya, 3,500-5,500 feet; Western Ghats of the Madras Presidency ; Ceylon, central provinces ; Birma and Malay Peninsula. (Also in Australia, New Zealand, Mauritius, Bourbon, and the Philippines.) Var. 6 BADIUM. (Afook. and Grev.) Frond hardly or not at all crisped. H.badium, Mook. Syn. fil. p. 60. Ledd. &. B. I. F.-202. Sikkim, Malay Peninsula, Tenasserim on the Mooleyit Moun- tain. 6. HYMENOPHYLLUM CILIATUM. (Sw.) Stipe 1-2 inches long, furnished with tufts of stellate hairs, decurrently winged above; wing ciliate; frond oblong, acuminate, tripinnatifid, 2-0 inches long, 1-2 inches broad at the centre; main rachis broadly winged throughout ciliated and hairy like the stipe; lower pinnze oblong or rhom-— boidal, with a broad central undivided portion, and numerous erect- patent simple or forked ciliated linear segments 2-3 lines long; sori 2-12 ona pinna, placed at the end of the lateral segments on both sides, involucre immersed suborbicular ; valves divided about half- way down, and conspicuously ciliated. ook. Syn. fil. p.63. Bedd. Pe ie. Sf, 0: 305. Sikkim. (Also in tropical America from Cuba and Mexico to Chili and South Brazil; ‘Tropical Africa, Mauritius, Madagascar, Bourbon, Seychelles and Johanna Jsland; New Zealand.) 4 34 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Mr. Clarke seems to doubt the Sikkim locality, but my speci- mens received from Dr. Jerdon quite agree with the type. ** Margin of the frond serrulate. 7. HYMENOPHYLLUM SIMONSIANUM. (/Zook.) Stipe slender, wiry or winged, naked or with a few ferruginous hairs, 1-2 inches long; fronds linear-oblong, 2-6 inches long, up to 14 inch broad, pinnatifid to the winged rachis; the primary segments fan-shaped, 1-6 lobate, ultimate segments broadly oblong, serrulate; sori 1-4 terminal on the divisions of the upper pinne, involucre broadly oblong, divided nearly to the base; valves serrulate. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 68. Gils Lit bi%5 Lh UE PST Sikkim, 4,000-10,000; common. Khasya Hills. 8. HYMENOPHYLLUM SMITHI. (Aook.) Stipe 1-2 inches long, wiry naked or slightly tomentose; fronds oblong-acuminate, 3-8 inches long, 2-3 inches broad, bipinnatifid; rachis winged above, ciliated below; pinne oblong-triangular, with a winged rachis and simple or 1-4 times forked linear-serrulate segments; sori 1-4 ter- minal on the segments of the pinne on both sides; involucre oblong, small, divided half down; valves entire. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 69. (BQH JE, Vi MS tig Oi Gla Malacca and Penang. (Also in Philippines and Java.) 9g. HYMENOPHYLLUM DENTICULATUM. (Sw.) Stipe 1-2 inches long, erect, ferruginously hairy or naked, often winged towards the apex; rachis winged throughout ; fronds 2—3 inches long by 1 or more broad at the base, ovate to narrowly oblong, glabrous, or with scattered hairs, slightly crisped, pinnatifid to the rachis; primary segments pinnatifid, secondary ones oblong, sometimes again divided, serrulate on the margin, involucre ovate, glabrous or scabrous, or rarely slightly hairy; valves serrulate, or pectinate. Swartz, Syn. Fil, t. 148 and 375. Hook. Syn. il. p. 70. “Bedd. F. (Bie ween Clarke, Ferns of North India, p 438. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 3 ul Khasya hills, about Cherra Poonjee, 4,000-5,000 feet ; Bhotan, Birma, Moulmein mountains, 7,000 feet. (Also in Java.) Var. f FLAccIDUM. Main rachis often with much ferru- ginous hair beneath ; fronds flaccid, hardly at all crisped, ultimate segments slightly serrulate in their upper portion only, the main rachis quite entire, valves of the involucre slightly serrulate at the summit. H. Khasianum, Hvok, Syn. fil. p. 464. Bedd. & B. J. Eeeye. sClarke, 1. c., p. 438. Khasya Hills, growing with the type. Mr. Clarke, who has seen it growing, considers it only a variety of denticulatum. 10. HyMENOPHYLLUM Neesu. (ook.) Stipe 2-1 inches long, naked, or slightly winged, with a crispate margin on both sides; frond ovate, about 2 inches long, #-1 inch ‘i A broad, tripinnatifid; ra- 25d chis winged throughout, the wing and _ pinne much crisped; pinnz with distant, narrow, sim- ple or 1-3 times deeply forked, deeply toothed a as —_ : ae ecaial NoI7. Reaver segments; sori small, ah aff? ~ usually single, supra- HYMENOFHYLLUM NEKSII. axillary on the upper (Zook. ) pinnz; involucre subcylindrical below, divided more than half-way down, with two acute spinulose-dentate valves. Hook, Syn. Fil. p. 71. Bedd. F. S. I. t. 279. Hymenophyllum Tunbridgense, Bedd. F. §. I t. 265. 36 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Ceylon, central provinces ; Tinnevelly on the Chokampatty hills, 5,000 feet ; Penang. (Also in Java, Borneo, Fiji, and Philippines.) 11. HyMENOPHYLLUM Levinctt. (Clarke.) Very delicate in texture; stipe 1 inch, with moniliform hairs; frond 1-2 inches long, more or less covered with moniliform hairs, narrowly oblong, not crisped, pinnatifid to the winged rachis; primary segments 1-4 lobate, ultimate segments oblong, remotely serrate, their midrib with many hairs and lanceolate scales of the same texture as the frond; . involucres usually 1-2 at the end of the segment, small glabrous subquadrate; valves separating nearly to the base entire or slightly toothed at the apex. Clarke, F. of North India, p. 439. ¢. xxix. SiS. 3- Sikkim ; Yoksun and Neebay, 7,000 feet elevation. GENUS XII].—TRICHOMANES. (Smiti.) (Zhrix, a hair; manos, soft.) Sori marginal, always terminating a vein, more or less sunk in the frond, involucre monophyllous, tubular, closely corresponding with the frond in texture, the mouth truncated or winged, or slightly two-lipped ; receptacle filiform, elongated, often considerably exserted beyond the mouth of the involucre, capsuliferous principally at the base; capsule sessile, depressed, surrounded by an entire broad nearly transverse ring, bursting vertically. Like the last genus in habit of growth and delicacy of texture. 1. TRIcHoMANES Morteyi. (V. D. B.) Rhizome creeping, more or less tomentose; fronds very small, sessile, or shortly stalked, about + inch broad, cordate-orbicular, sometimes some- what lobed, sterile ones nearly entire, fertile ones with a deep apical sinus ; veins in the sterile fronds radiating from the base without any distinct central costa, but a distinct costa is present in the fertile fronds ; spurious veins indistinct, a distinct marginal band ; involucre FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. ey stalked, proceeding from the base of the sinus, the mouth spreading and much dilated. Hook. Syn. Fil. ~. 73. T. Henzaiense, Beda. 72%. 7. 7. 133. Tenasserim, Andamans, Ceylon. (Also in Borneo and New Caledonia.) 2. TRICHOMANES ExIGUUM. (edd. under Hymenophyllum.) Rhizome wide-creeping ; stipe very short ; frond } to 4 inch linear- oblong, narrowed at the base, blunt repand, rarely somewhat pinnatifid; veins pinnate from a central costa, simple or forked, spurious venules few but nearly as prominent as the veins, not reaching the costa, and often not touching the margin ; involucre solitary, terminal, the base sunk in the frond; valves entire, large and spreading; receptacle exserted or included. Bedd. F& B. I. £275. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 464. Wynaad and Coorg, 3,000-4,000 feet ; Ceylon. 3. TRICHOMANES NEILGHERRENSE. (Ledd.) Rhizome creeping more or less tomentose ; stipe 3-6 lines long, glabrous or tomentose, fronds glabrous, very small up to 1 inch long, ovate to elliptic lan- ceolate or linear, entire or somewhat lobed; veins from a more or less distinct central costa, spurious venules numerous, a marginal band generally present ; involucres terminal, 1-2 sunk in the frond, the mouth exserted, more or less two-lipped; receptacles exserted. Bedd. FS. J. ¢. 6. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 74. Nilgiris, abundant about Walaghat, 3,000-4,000 feet; Anamal- lay hills, Tinnevelly and Travancore hills ; Ceylon, central provinces. 4. TRICHOMANES HENZAIANUM. (farvish.) Rhizome creeping, tomentose; stipe from obsolete up to 4 inch long; frond }-4 inch each way, very thin, orbicular to obovate-cuneate, more or less lobed, central costa present or often obsolete, except towards the base, above which it branches off into veins; veins prominent and distinct, spurious venules copious, marginal band absent or incon- spicuous; involucres 1-6 sunk in the frond ; the mouth two-lipped. 38 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Parish in Hook. 2 Cent. Ferns, t. :. Hook. Syn. Fil. p 75. Bead. LE, JB Shy by BOR Moulmein and Pegue, on trees. 3. TRICHOMANES MUSCOIDES. (Szw.) Frond stalked, 1-3 inches long, by 4-4 inch broad, linear-oblong to suborbicular, entire or ry, variously lobed, spurious venules copious ; _ sori 1-8, terminal on the lobes, the tube sunk in the frond, the mouth free, dilated, but usually scarcely two-lipped. Took. Syn. Fil. Ds. 15, CL Be Ie ago Northern In- dia ( received from Dyas) ; Khasya. (Also in tro- pical America and Africa, Poly- nesia, &c.) Mr. Clarke TRICHOMANES PARVULUM. states that the (Poir.) typical form is not found in Northern India, but only the variety sublimba- tum, distinguished by having no trace of a marginal band, but in Griffith’s specimen collected on the Khasya hills, this marginal band is more or less present in some fronds, and I do not think it can be separated as a variety. This species, as I understand it, is not 4 Ly Ds SY y Ne afore: iCZ ys OF ey 720 ON VB ols ae ; LAF SS 2 WF SF ce! Za { oY) + FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 39 present in Ceylon or S. India, the Ceylon plant being identical with the Nilgiri T. neilgherrense. 6. TRICHOMANES PARVULUM. (/oirct.) Rhizome wide-creep- ing, interlaced ; stipe t inch long, wiry, slender, tomentose below; frond 2 to 4 inch each way, orbicular in general outline, cuneate or truncate at the base, flabellately cut about half-way down from the outer edge in the direction of the base into narrow irregular seg- ments ; veins close, prominent, so that the frond, when dry, appears channelled ; dichotomous at a very small angle; spurious venules numerous ; sori 4—6, terminal on the central segments, the tube quite sunk in the frond, the mouth dilated at the sides. Hook. Meme 75. Dedd. FS. 1. t. 179. Nilgiris. (Also in: Japan, China, Java, Polynesian Islands, Madagascar, Johanna Island, and the Moluccas.) 7. TRICHOMANES PROLIF.RUM. (Blume. ing, interlaced; stipe 1-2 inches long, slender, bearing 1-3 deeply divided fronds about 1 inch broad each way, ovate -lanceolate to roundish ; segments narrow dicho- tomously branched, divided down nearly to the central rachis ; veins “~~ Rhizome wide-creep- numerous, irregular; sori 4-12, Ne19.: terminal, the tube quite sunk, the TRICHOMANES DIGITATUM. mouth obscurely two-lipped ; re- (Szv.) ceptacles exserted. Hook. Syn. Fil. ~p. 76. Bedd. F. S. I. t. 262. Nilgiris, west slopes, 3,000 feet ; Travancore Hills, Ceylon. (Also in Java and the Philippine Islands. ) 8. TRICHOMANES DIGITATUM. (Swartz.) Stipe very slender, naked, 4 inch long; frond 1-2 inches long, 4-1 inch broad, irregular in general outline, divided down nearly to the base, or a brvadly- 40 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. winged rachis into long broadly-linear dichotomous segments, some- times ciliate, with only a central costa in each; sori 2—6, terminal on the segments ; involucre cup-shaped, quite sunk, the mouth broadly dilated, slightly two-lipped. Hook. Syn. fil. ~. 76. T. corticola, IG te Jd Ss Lh bs BOA Ceylon, Ambagamwa district ; also collected by Griffith either in North India or the Malay peninsula. (Also in Mauritius, Bourbon, Java, and the Polynesian Islands.) g. TRICHOMANES Kurz. (edd.) Rhizome slender, wide creeping ; stipe very short; frond not 1 inch long, cuneate below, deeply pinnati- fid, primary seg- ments 1-3 lo- bate, ultimate segments linear, texture, thick, surface some- what undulated, TRICHOMANES KURZII. (edd.) margin bound- ed by a thickened line, a central vein only in each segment; sori 1-2 to a frond, subterminal, the involucre turbinate, sunk in the frond, the mouth dilated but without lips. edd. #. B. T. ¢. 286. Trich. nanum, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 77. Crepidomanes nanum, /. ID, 15m Jabiden, Says joo Wap (Cletdaa JE, IN, Il hy WO. Assam, Andaman Islands ; Malabar, at Poodoopady, foot of the Tambacherry Ghat. 10. ‘TRICHOMANES VIRIDANS. (AZe/¢.) Rhizome creeping, to- mentose :; fronds with a broadly winged stipe 3-1 inch long, very irregular in outline, more or less deeply pinnatifid nearly down to the midrib; segments again more or less deeply divided, obtuse and rounded at the apex of the lobes; veins erect-patent from a central costa one to each lobe of the segments ; spurious venules lineolate, numerous, very short and detached ; sori numerous, terminal FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, Al at the apex of the lobes, tube almost entirely exserted, only the base being sunk in the margin of the frond, the mouth dilated. Kuhn, Mme. 269. 1. pusillum, Bedd. / B. I. ¢. 302. (Wot of Swarts.) Moulmein. II. TRICHOMANES INTRAMARGINALE. (Zook and Grev.) Rhi- ‘zome slender, creeping, tomentose; stipe short; frond 1-2 inches long, 1-3 inch broad, tapering below, erect pinnatifid, central portion 1 line broad, segments few, erect, simple, forked or pinnate, sub- coriaceous, opaque, the apices retuse, a central costa only in each segment, but the margin thickened ; involucres 1-4 to a frond, sub- cylindric, tapering at the base, sunk entirely in the apex of the segments ; receptacles protruding. Hook. Syn. Hil. p.79. Bedd. F. 9. 25 2. 208. Sivagiri Hills (Tinnevelly district); Malabar plains, foot of the Bhagamandal Ghat, which descends from Coorg ;-Ceylon, in the Ambagamwa district. 12. TRICHOMANES PALLIDUM. (Llume.) Rhizome creeping, slender, tomentose ; stipe 1-3 inches long, wiry, slender; fronds 2—6 inches long by 1-12 inch broad, ovate to lanceolate bipinnatifid, divided down to a narrowly winged rachis, glauco-fuscous when dry, primary divisions broad-lanceolate, the segments all acute-linear, simple or forked ; veins broad and few ; sori 1-4 to a pinna, super- . axillary on short segments partially sunk, short cylindrical, attenuated at the base, the mouth broad-spreading, but scarcely two-lipped. Blume Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 80. .T. glauco-fuscum, Hook, Sp. Fil. 1, 2.128. Bead. FS. I. 7. 263. Ceylon, Ambagamwa district ; Penang. (Also in the Pacific Islands, and the Philippines.) 13. TRICHOMANES BIPUNCTATUM. (/oir.) Rhizome wide- creeping, tomentose, rather slender, stipes 1-2 inches long, naked slightly winged above; frond 1-4 inches long, 1}~—2 inches broad, 42 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA. AND CEYLON. ovate, tripinnatifid, main rachis with a very narrow wing or free below; pinnz ovate-rhomboidal, pinnatifid down to a narrowly- winged rachis; the lower pinnule again deeply pinnatifid ; ultimate segment linear ; texture firm, membranaceous ; a central costa in each segment, spurious venules none or indistinct; sori 1-4 toa pinna, axillary or terminal on the segments; tube sunk or some what exserted ; the mouth very distinctly two-lipped, the lips sub- triangular with a rounded apex. Jfoiret in Encyc. Méth. Bot. vali, 6g. ‘Erich) Hilicula, Gory) sAlocks Syn. Lali p. See emae Li, Ibis Ih AS Be Himalayas and Khasya hills, up to 6,000 feet; all the western furests of the Madras and Bombay Presidencies, up to 8,oco feet ; Ceylon; Birma. (A'so throughout the tropics of the whole world.) Var. 6 insiGNE. (V. D. B.) A narrower more slender form. JEG, JB, TB Shs Us BU N. W. Himalaya. Var. y pLicatum. (VD. B.) Ultimate segments of the pinnules very narrow and acute; wing of the rachis somewhat CHSpedyy ACdd WB. eh. 2a: Birma. 14. TRICHOMANES PYXIDIFERUM. (Z.) Rhizome wide-creep- ing, tomentose, rather slender; stipe 1-2 inches long, naked, winged above; frond 1-6 inches long, 1-13 inch broad, ovato- oblong, tripinnatifid, main rachis with a very narrow wing; pinnee ovate-rhomboidal, pinnatifid down to a narrowly-winged rachis, with the lower pinnule again deeply pinnatifid ; ultimate segment linear, often emarginate at the apex; texture membranaceous; a central costa in each segment; spurious venules none or indistinct; sori 1-4 to a pinna, axillary, tube more or less winged, mouth broadly dilated but scarcely two-lipped; receptacle filiform, exserted. TEV 2, SSVDs TEU OR ) LEO, DONT S IC Te Ie IG ie BOs A small variety. Scarcely distinguishable from No. 13, except by the involucre. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 43 South Indian forests, Ceylon, Birma, Eastern Bengal. (Also in the tropics throughout the world.) Var. § LiwpatuM. Fronds up to 8-10 inches long, by 14-2 inches broad, flaccid, and larger and less cut than the type. edd. dan de Zz. 248. Khasya Hills, 6,000 feet. 15. [TRICHOMANES BIRMANICUM. (4edd.) Rhizome thick, wiry, wide-creeping, tomentose ; stipe 1-3 inches long, winged throughout ; frond 2-7 inches long up to 23 inches broad, ovate, rachis winged ; pinnz very compound, very minutely furfuraceous (under the lens), the ultimate segments very narrow, } line broad, a single costa to each ultimate segment ; sori copious, supra-axillary, much exserted, the mouth truncated. edd. & B. 1. Suppl. t. 349. Birma, common on the Mooleyit mountain, 5,000-6,000 feet. 16. TRICHOMANES RADICANS. (Sz.) Rhizome wiry, wice- creeping, tomentose; stipe strong, up to 6 inches long, naked or nearly so; fronds up to 12 inches long and 6 inches bread, 3—4-pin- natifid, main rachis naked or winged sometimes to the base of the stipe, lower pinnze 1-4 inches long, ovate-rhomboidal, ultimate segments oblong, one-nerved, tex'ure firm, membranaceous ; sori lateral, 1-4 to a pinnule, the tube small, subcoriaceous, more or less exserted, the mouth slightly lipped or altogether truncated, receptacle slender, elongated. Swartz, Hl. Ind. Or. 1736. Hook. mumeri. Ot. bed. F. 6. J. 7. 181. T. umbrosum, Wallich. Himalayas from Nepal to Bhotan, 2,000-7,000 feet ; common in Khasya, 2,000-5,5<00 feet; Mergui. (Also scattered throughout warm, temperate regions of both hemispheres, and known as the Irish fern.) Mr. Clarke says it often climbs to the height of ro feet, and is 1-2 pinnate with finely divided fronds, in which state it is very distinct ; but it also varies so as to be with difficulty distinguished from pyxidiferum on one hand and auriculatum on the other. 44 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Var. (3 ANCEPS. (Wal/.) Frond smaller; stipe often winged to the base, primary segments pinnatifid or somewhat 2-pinnatifid ; lips of the involucre slightly broader than the tube. Clarke, & lV. Ik B, MAT Sikkim and Khasya, frequent. 17. TRICHOMANES AURICULATUM. (L/ume.) Rhizome strong, wide-creeping, tomentose ; frond nearly sessile, 1-2-scarcely 3-pin- natifid, 6-12 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, rachis more or less winged, pinnze shortly stalked, ovate-rhomboidal, obliquely cuneate at the base, irregularly pinnatifid half down or more, ultimate seg- ments ovate entire with flabellate nerves, or narrowly oblong one- nerved, texture subcoriaceous ; sori 2-12 to a pinna, the tube nearly or quite exserted, the mouth truncate. Blume, Fl. Jav. Fil. p. 225. IEGWA Sits IL pe A_ LHA, ID, Se Lh Uh WSR Sikkim, Bhotan, 2,000-7,000 feet, frequent; Khasya, 3,000— 5,500 feet, common ; Cachar. (Also in Japan, Formosa, Philippines, Java, and Guiana.) 18. TRICHOMANES JAVANICUM. (Blume.) Caudex tufted with strong wiry roots; stipe 1-4 inches long, wiry, erect, naked, or villous ; fronds 2-8 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, simply pinnate, pinnz oblong serrate, or linear fimbriate, texture subcoriaceous; veins numerous, close, central costa not clearly marked or continuous to the apex; sori 1-4, placed in the axils of the linear segments on the upper side of the pinne; tube free, the mouth broadly dilated, but not two-lipped, receptacle much exserted: | 5/, Lis F7. Jad. Mil. 224. 00k.) Syl. Lil. ps Og meeda Jit, Joss Isis, TSO): Chittagong, up to 1,000 feet; Cachar; Malay peninsula. (Also in Borneo, Java, Polynesian Islands, and Madagascar.) 19. TRICHOMANES RIGIDUM. (Swartz.) Stipe tufted, erect, wiry, 2-8 inches long, naked or very slightly winged above; fronds 2-8 inches long, 2-6 inches broad, deltoid or ovate, acuminate, 3-4 pinnatifid, the main rachis usually only slightly winged towards RR NN Via ar Ned NE Sera me IPN ONE DEY 4h ie as Se Leg i LA (4 Lhe de " SON NAW Ah | AN y ey | \2 7 \ S77 7) | TX a be thy Li} G A ok P| eR a 4 hh 4 re eee ~ Want “LAITTLL ECO LNCRAS ALG -_—--- 46 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. the top ; lower pinnze 2-3 inches long, erect-patent, ovate or lan- ceolate-rhomboidal cut down the rachis; pinnules deeply pinnatifid with deeply toothed or pinnatifid linear lobes, texture subcoriaceous, colour dark green, nearly black when dry, nearly naked, often slightly crisped ; sori 2-16 to a pinnule, small axillary, the tube more or less exserted, the mouth slightly dilated. ook. Syn. Lil. p. 86. Beda. TES. Lb. be &e Common in the moist forests on the western mountains of the Madras Presidency, 2,000-4,000 feet elevation, and in Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula. (Also in tropical America and the West Indies, Polynesian Islands, New Zealand, Japan, South China, South Africa, Angola, Fernando Py, and the Mascareen Islands.) TRIBE IV.—DAVALLIEE, Sori marginal or submarginal, roundish, covered by a reniform or suborbicular, squamiform indusium, which is open at the apex, fastened broadly at the base, open or free at the sides. GENUS XIV.—HUMATA. (Cav.) (Zumatos, humid, in opposition to Adiantum.) Sori intra- or sub-marginal, globose, indusium coriaceous subor- bicular or reniform, attached by a broad base, the apex and sides free ; fronds articulated upon the rhizome, coriaceous, small usually deltoid, more or less dimorphous, the barren ones less cut ; veins always free, rhizome creeping, growing on trees or rocks. 1. HUMATA HETEROPHYLLA. (S7th.) Rhizome wide-creeping, scaly; frond shortly stalked, 3-6 inches long, 1 inch broad, glabrous ; the sterile ones ovate-lanceolate entire or slightly lobed at the base, the fertile ones narrower, deeply sinuate-pinnatifid ; sori 2-1c toalobe. ook. Syn. Fil. 88. Bedd. F. B. I. t. 100. Singapore, Penang, and the Malay Peninsula. (Also in the Polynesian Islands.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 47 2. HumaTa ancustatTa. (Waill.) Rhizome wide - creeping, scaly; fronds subsessile or shortly stalked, 3-8 inches long, 4-3 inch broad, linear, slightly and irregularly crenate at the margin, rarely once forked ; both surfaces naked ; veins parallel, simple or forked thickened ; sori in a row along the edges, indusium small, transversely oval: Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 88. edd. F. B. TI. t. 237. The Malay Peninsula, Malacca, &c. (Also in the Malay Islands.) 3. HUMATA PARALLELA. (Wad/.) Caudex creeping, paleaceous ; fronds, 4—8 inches long, 13-2 inches broad, stipitate, coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acu- minate, deeply pinnati- fid nearly to the rachis ; segments close, paral- lel, horizontally patent, linear or linear-oblong subfalcate entire, the lowermost pair some- times with a solitary obtuse lobe at the base beneath, rarely more ; involucres semiorbicu- lar copious marginal, but all pointing towards the apex of the seg- ments in two close parallel lines (not point- ing towards the mar- gins) ; veins thickened sunk. Hock. Syn. Fil. 89. Bedd. F B. I. Z. 99. Birma and the Malay Peninsula. (Also in the Polynesian Islands. ) N°22 HUMATA PARALLELA. (/Vall.) 48 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 4. Humata PepATA. (Smith.) Rhizome creeping, scaly ; stipe 2-4 inches long, fronds 2-8 long, by 13-4 inches broad, deltoid in outline, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis, the lower pair of segments or pinnules larger than the others, and more compound, deeply pinnatifid, with the segments crenated, or more or less pin- natifid ; sori in rows on the teeth on both sides of the lobes, Swzzth, Lentam Gen, Ful, 15. Took. Syt Tl. p30. edd wt Sawa. H. alpina, Blume, is a smaller, more finely cut variety, which is found in the Himalayas as well as Mergui. H. vestita (Bl.), Bedd. fF. S. f. ¢. 253, has a longer stipe, is more lanceolate in shape, and more finely cut, but is said to run into typical ‘‘ pedata.” The typical form is found on the western slopes of the Nilgiris, and on the Travancore Ghats, at 3,000-4,000 feet elevation ; Sikkim, Bhotan, Khasya, Jaintea, 4,000 feet; Ceylon; and the Malay Peninsula. (Also in the Malay Islands, North Australia, South China, in Japan, and the Mascareen Islands.) The variety alpina has been received from the north west Himalayas (Dyas), and Mergui, and also inhabits Java, Azores, and the Polynesian Islands. . The variety vestita is from Ceylon, and also occurs in Java. GENUS XV.—LEUCOSTEGIA. (P7ves/.) (From Zeucos, white ; stegos, a cover.) Sori intra- or sub-marginal, indusium as in Humata, but smaller, narrower and thinner ; fronds articulated upon the rhizome (except in nodosa), generally membranaceous and flaccid, generally 3-4- pinnatifid or pinnate, rarely only bipinnatifid ; veins forked, venules free; rhizome long, creeping, growing generally on trees and rocks. 1. LEUCOSTEGIA HYMENOPHYLLA (Parish MS.) Caudex creeping, furnished with numerous long wiry roots, stipe slender, 3-4 inches long; fronds subglabrous, membranaceous, very flaccid and transparent, ovate, or deltoid-ovate pinnate ; lower pinnee deeply pinnatifid with the lower basal segments much the largest, and again (AS _CITITLL ACOEHCNAS, (S77.) HUMATA PEDATA. 50 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. pinnatifid with the segments entire or crenated, the remaining pinne pinnatifid with the segments crenated; sori, at the apex of the superior veinlets of each segment, indusium as in the genus, veins terminating within the margin. ook. Syn. Fil. ~p. 90. Bedd. F. B. I. Z, 96. This very delicate species was discovered near Moulmein, on limestone rocks, by the Rev. C. S. Parish. Moulmein. 2. LEUCOSTEGIA MEMBRANULOSA. (JVal/.) Caudex hispid, with very long, slender, subulate, rigid, membranaceous scales; fronds 9-15 inches long, thin and membranaceous ovate-lanceolate and as well as the slender stipe and rachis pubescent-hirsute, bipinnatifid ; pinne lanceolate, their rachis winged ; pinnules lanceolate pinnatifid, the segments ovate-lanceolate subfalcate, very acute entire or rarely toothed; involucres smail, ovate-subrotund acute, very thin and membranaceous fixed by the broad base, the rest free. Hook. Syn. JED, jo Oise LENGE TER Bis TE TES Oc Very like multidentata, but differs in the scales of the rhizome, and in the fronds being much less compound; in this they are pinnate, with the pinnze deeply pinnatifid, in multidentata bipinnate, with the pirnee deeply pinnatifid. Nepal, Kumaon, Moharguri Pass, 6,500 feet. (Also in Yunan.) 3. LEUCOSTEGIA MULTIDENTATA. (Wall. under Aspidium.) Rhizome stout-creeping ; scales ovate-acute ; fronds with the stipe up to 2 feet long and 1 foot broad, deltoid, bipinnate, with the pinnules deeply pinnatifid, down to a winged rachis, texture herbaceous ; rachises pubescent above, often furnished with a few distant large ovate scales, rachises and segments beneath, generally glandularly pubescent ; sori 2-12 to a segment, placed at the base of its teeth, on the upper side of the central vein. Wéadl. Cat. 346. Microlepia Plcropusn, Bcvd. e725. 1, 7930 3.0 100k. Syn LiL yp: One Himalayas, Nepal and Bhotan, 5,000-8,o00 feet; Khasya, 4,000-5,000 feet, common. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 51 4. Leucostecia assamica. (edd. under Acrophorus,) Rhizome creeping, covered with numerous imbricated chaffy golden, ovate- acute scales; fronds glabrous, shining, 8-14 inches long (including the stipe, which is 2-3 inches), 2-3 inches broad, subcoriaceous lanceolate, pinnate with the primary pinne alternate or opposite, pinnatifid almost to the rachis, lower cnes petiolate, upper ones decurrent so as to form a regular wing to the rachis, pinnules pinnatifid, segments toothed, each bearing one sorus, veins terminating within the margin ; involucres,as in the genus, as Proadsas “deep.. Beda.” FB. T.¢. 94. Hook. Sp. Fil. p. 467. Bhotan, Mishmee, and by the Dihong. 5. LEUCOSTEGIA IMMERSA. (TVall.) Rhizome creeping stout, fibrillose ; stipe 4-8 inches long, strong, erect; fronds 12-18 inches long, 6-9 inches _ broad, deltoid, tripinnate, glabrous ; lowest pinnule lanceolate and deltoid, 2-3 inches long, 1 inch broad, with broad segments, which are obliquely truncate LEUCOSTEGIA ASSAMICA, (Bedid.) at the base below, and roundly lobed with the lobes again crenate above; texture herbaceous ; sori large, impressed, clearly visible from the upper side, 1-6 to a segment, oblique ; involucre broader than long. Zook. Syn. Lil. p. 91. wenn FS. 1.'t. 11. Madras Presidency on the Western mountains ; very abundant in Coorg, growing on trees. Himalayas, from Mussorrie to Bhotan, 3,000-6,000 feet. Sikkim, Khasya, Parasnath, and the Malay Peninsula, (Also in Java.) 52 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 6. Leucostrcia Hooker. (Moore, under Acrophorus.) Rhizome stout ; scales dense, lanceolate, golden; stipe up to 6 inches long slender often scaly at the base ; fronds deltoid up to ro inches long, 3-4 pinnatifid; lower pinnz opposite or alternate, lanceolate or deltoid, 1-2 inches broad; pinnules deltoid, ultimate segments ligulate, acute, 1-veined, 4-1 line broad texture ; membranaceous ; sori at the base of the ultimate lobes; involucre persistent, membranaceous, broader than long. Davallia Clarku, Baker. Syn. Fil. p. ot. Himalayas, Lachen, and Sirmur, 8,o00-12,000 feet elevation. Sundukphoo, near Darjeeling, 11,000 feet. Very like Polypodium darezeforme, Hook., but with acute seg- ments, and differing somewhat in the scales of the rhizome. Indian botanists, not having seen this plant, have quoted Hookeri of Moore (Clarkii of Baker) as a synonym of darezforme, and united the two under the name of Leucostegia darezformis. Mr. Levinge has lately gathered this species at Sundukphoo, but the Kew specimens from Lachen and Sirmur were gathered by Thomson in 1849. I have examined a great many specimens of darezeforme in the Kew Herbarium, and can find no trace of an indusium, so I retain it in Polypodium; but it is very likely that there is a fugacious indusium, and that it is a Leucostegia nearly allied to this species. 7. LEUCOSTEGIA PULCHRA. (Don. under Davaillia.) Rhizome wide-creeping, clothed with broad-obtuse, often peltately attached scales ; stipe 4-6 inches long, naked; fronds 9-15 inches long, 4-8 inches broad, lanceolate-deltoid, 3-4 pinnatifid, lowest pinnule 1-2 inches long, 1 inch broad, cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis into deeply pinnatifid segments, ultimate lobes narrow lanceolate, not distant, not very acute; texture thin, rather flaccid ; sori copious, usually as broad as the segment at the base of the teeth of which it is placed; involucre prominent. Den. Prod. Hl. Nep. 11. Beda. FS. f. ¢. 10 (under Acrophorus). Madras Presidency, Western mountains, very common on rocks and trees ; Ceylon, central provinces, 3,000-5,000 feet ; Himalayas, Nepal, and Bhotan, 2,000-9,000 feet ; Khasya ; Moulmein. =o aS RAS ere —- ae : : | LEUCOSTEGIA PULCHRA, (Don). 54 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 8. LEUCOSTEGIA PSEUDO-CYSTOPTERIS. (Kumze.) Very simi- lar to pulchra, but the ultimate segments very acute, and the scales of the rhizome more spreading. Aunze zn Bot. Zeit. 1850, p. 68. BCddeh. Lt. O2) Himalayas, Dalhousie to Nepal, 4,000-8,000 feet. Mr. Clarke considers it is'a variety only of pulchra. g. LEUCOSTEGIA HYMENOPHYLLOIDES. (Blume, under Davaliia.) Caudex creeping, thick, clothed with long narrow subulate scales ; fronds ample, tall, 12-24 inches long, ovate-lanceolate, membrana- ceous, 3-4 pinnate or supra-decompound ; primary pinnee petiolate, ovate-lanceolate acuminate, secondary petiolate oblong-ovate; pin- nules ovate, deeply pinnatifid ; the segments ovate acute, subfalcate, entire or generally (the fertile ones) with a tooth on the inner margin; involucres small hemispherical or subreniform, placed near the centre of a segment below the sinus of the tooth; veins slender, black. Davalliaaffinis. Hook. Syn. Fil. pr O25. Beda. FS. 1S tae Travancore Mountains, Ceylon, 3,000-4,000 feet. ~ (Also in Java and Polynesia.) ro. LEUCOSTEGIA PARVULA. (Wadlich.) Caudex long, creeping, clothed with lax subulate scales; frond very small deltoid-tripin- natifid, glabrous, rigid (from the stout costa), segments linear through- out, slightly grooved-above when dry, unequally forked and acute at the apices; sori at’the sinus of the forks; involucres suborbicular, dilated above, and.broader than the segments. Davallia parvula, Flook. Syn. Fil. p. 92. Bedd. F. B. I. t. 97 (ander Acrophorus). Placed by Mettenius in Humata. Singapore. » (Also in Borneo and Java.) 11. Leucostecta Noposa (Presi. under Acrophorus.) Fronds tripinnate, membranaceous furfuraceous on both sides of the veins ; pinnules sessile (chaffy beneath at their insertions), oblong-lanceolate, secondary ones sessile, oblong obtuse, pinnatifid ; segments cuneiform obtuse, lowest ones inciso-serrate or at the base again sub auriculate | | N°26. ’ eT TT Ty ETT WTAE (Presi.) LEUCOSTEGIA NODOSA, 56 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. sori solitary submarginal ; rachis nodose above at the insertion of the pinne and ferrugineo-tomentose; stipe not articulate, slightly rough or glabrous, paleaceous below; rhizome short-creeping. Pves/. Tent. JEEP hy Be SHWE. Sox LW > OPS Seat, I, Ia, Ih is OB Himalayas, from Nepal to Bhotan, 3,000-7,000 feet, abundant in Sikkim ; Khasya, 3,000—6,000 feet ; Malacca. (Also in Java.) This differs from the other Leucostegias in habit, and in the stipe not being articulate, and should be kept distinct as a genus under its original name of Acrophorus; it is very like Diacalpe aspi- dioides except in the indusium. GENUS XVI.—PROSAPTIA. (/7es/.) (Sori immersed in the margin of the frond.) Fronds contiguous, linear-lanceolate, pectinate-pinnatifid ; veins simple, free ; involucre a marginal cyst formed of the substance of the frond subcylindric. 1. PROSAPTIA EMERSONI. (Fresl.) | Fronds tufted, sessile, ~ 6-12 inches long, 1 inch broad, linear-lanceolate, cut more than half-way down to the rachis into many linear-oblong, or at the lower part triangular lobes ; texture coria- ceous ; sor! 1-6 round the edge of the lobes. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 94. IBC It, Ss Lh te BOs Anamallay Mountains, South India, 3,000-4,000 feet; Ceylon ; Penang. (Also in Java, Borneo, and the PROSAPTIA EMEKSONI. (fres/.) Philippine Islands.) 2. PRosapTia conTicua. (Swartz.) Fronds tufted, sessile, or nearly so, 12—18 inches long, 1-12 inch broad, linear-lanceolate, cut N°28. Mitkas ©LWGRA (Sw ) PROSAPTIA CONTIGUA, 58 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. down nearly or quite to the rachis into numerous linear-acuminate or bluntish slightly-toothed lobes ; texture coriaceous; sori 2-8 to a lobe, placed in the teeth on their upper part. Sw. Synz. Fil. p. 130. LEGA Side SEU ID Oya SEAL, I Ss IE Th, TiO), Anamallay Mountains and Travancore Hills, on the west side of the Madras Presidency, not common; Ceylon, central provinces, 5,000 feet. (Also in Java and the Philippines.) GENUS XVII.—DAVALLIA. (Smiti.) (In honour of Davall, a Swiss botanist.) Fronds pinnate, bipinnate, or deltoid-multifid, firm and glossy ; veins forked, venules free ; sori intra- or submarginal; involucres ter- minal on the veins, attached by the base and sides, and forming an urceolate tabular cyst impressed in the substance of the frond; rhizome creeping or suberect ; stipe articulated upon the rhizome. 1. DAVALLIA TRIPHYLLA. (/Z00z.) Caudex stout, creeping, covered with chaffy scales ; fronds coriaceous small ternate, pinnee oblong-lanceolate, ob- tuse cuneate at the base, in fertile plants more elongated, all of them entire, intermediate ones petiolate, lateral ones shorter, sessile, oblique at the base, veins horizontally patent, copious, crowded, parallel, forked, thickened, flat (not prominent); invo- lucres semicylindrical, compressed, crowded so as to form an uninterrupted marginal line the whole length of the pinne. ook. Sp. Fil. 1..162, and Syn. Fil. p. 94. Beda ft BD. Wet. TOs Singapore. DAVALLIA TRIPHYLLA. (Zook.) J FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 59 2. DAVALLIA SOLIDA. (Szwartz.) Tall, caudex stout, creeping, clothed with densely imbricated scales, fronds coriaceous trisub- quadripinnate, pinnz acuminate; pinnules trapeziform acuminate, pinnatifid, many-veined, terminal ones crenate-serrate coadunate into an acuminated point; involucres linear-oblong, sunk in a tooth or segment having a narrow wing on each side or entire. ook. Sp. Fil. i. 163. Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 132 and 345. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 95. Bedd. F. B. f. ¢. 104. The width of the pinnules and the amount of cutting differ considerably. Davallia ornata (Waill.) is a variety with the pinnules very wide. Birma; Penang ; and Singapore. (Also in Java and the Polynesian Islands.) 3. DAVALLIA ELEGANS. (Sw.) Rhizome stout, creep- ing, clothed with woolly fibres ; stipe firm, erect, 4-8 inches long; fronds 1-2 feet long, 9-15 inches broad, deltoid- tripinnatifid; main rachis slightly winged towards the apex; pinnules of the lower pinnz 2-3 inches long, 1 inch DAVALLIA SOLIDA. (.Szv.) wide, deltoid-lanceolate, cut down quite to the rachis in the lower part, with oblong-deltoid segments, which are slightly toothed and obliquely truncate at the base on the lower side; texture coriaceous; venation close, prominent, irregular, many spurious venules between the veins proper; sori several to a segment, mar- ginal, but the sharp teeth projecting beyond them at the edges; involucre half cup-shaped. Zoosk. Syn. Fil. ~.95. Bedd. FS. I. t. 18. Western mountains of Madras; Ceylon, 2,000-3,000 feet elevation ; Malay Peninsula. Go) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. (Also in China, Java, Borneo, Tropical Australia, Polynesian Islands, Madagascar, Ango'a, Fernando Po, and Johanna Island.) 4. DAVALLIA EPIPHYLLA. (Llume.) Rhizome thick, fibrillose ; stipe 4-6 inches long, erect, firm; fronds 12-15 inches long, 6-9 inches broad, deltoid-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis hardly at all winged; pinnules of the lowest pinnz lanceolate, 13 inch long, z inch broad ; segments narrow, mucronate, sharply toothed ; texture coriaceous ; veins not immersed, one or two carried into each tooth ; sori small, submarginal, half cup-shaped, with the sharp mucro of the tooth extending beyond them. ork. Syn. Fil. p. 96. Bedd. Suppl. to Ferns, t. 350. Malay Peninsula. (Also in Java.) 5. DavaLLia Divaricata (4lume.) Rhizome creeping, clothed with long lanceolate-caudate chestnut scales; stipe firm, erect, 6-12 inches long; fronds 2-3 feet long, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnze often 12 inches long by 6 inches broad; segments deltoid, cut down to the rachis in the lower part, with linear-oblong, sharply-toothed lobes ; texture coriaceous ; veins uniform, not conspicuous ; sori half cup-shaped, placed obliquely as regards the central veins in the teeth at some distance from the edge; involucres as long as broad. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 96. D. polyantha (Hook), Bedd. F. B. Tf. ¢. 107. Sikkim, Mishmee, Khasya; Ma!ay Peninsula. (Also in South China and Java.) 6. DAVALLIA GRIFFITHIANA. (/Zo0k.) Rhizome creeping, stout, clothed with long lanceolate-caudate white or yellowish scales ; stipe erect, wiry, 4—6 inches long; fronds 9-12 inches long, 4—8 inches broad, deltoid 3—4-pinnatifid ; pinnules of the lower pinnz lanceolate-deltoid, 2-3 inches long, 1 inch or more broad; lower segments toothed on the barren fronds, cut down nearly to the rachis in the fertile ; texture coriaceous ; sori large, submarginal or marginal; involucres cup- shaped, very shortly attached on the sides. ook. Syn. Fil. p. 96. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 61 Bedd. F. B. J. ¢. 106. The texture and habit of Davallia, but the indusium is nearer that of Leucostegia. Bhotan and Mishmee, Khasya and Jaintea, 3,000—5,000 feet. (Also in South China.) 7. DavaLiia Lorratnet (Hance.) Rhizome thick as a quill; scales linear-subulate, nearly black, densely grey ciliated; stipe 3-4 inches Jong, naked brownish; fronds 3-1 foot long, deltoid, 4-pinnatifid; pinne stalked deltoid, lowest largest produced on the lower side, their rachises winged to base; pinnules and segments subsessile, crowded deltoid much reduced on lower side ; final lobes ligulate, 34 lines broad, with sorus at base of inner side; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked; barren. lobes 1-veined ; involucre subcylindrical, 3 line long. Hance. Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. V. vol. v. Geena ior. Sy. Til. p. Abo. Bedd. Fk. B. L. Suppl. p. 4. t 251: Malay Peninsula. 8. DAVALLIA BULLATA. (Wail) Rhizome creeping, stout, densely clothed with hair-pointed chestnut scales; stipe strong, erect, 3-4 inches long; fronds 8—r2 inches Jong, 4-8 inches broad, deltoid, 4-pinnatifid; pinnules of the lower pinnze lanceolate, 2-3 inches long, 1 inch broad, with deeply inciso-pinnatifid oblong rhomboidal segments; texture coriaceous; sori deeply half cup- shaped, occupying the greater part of the tooth in which they are placed, marginal, with usually a horn on the outside. Hook, Syn. mips) cad. FS. 1. t. 17. All the Western Ghats of Madras and Bombay Presidencies ; Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan, 2,coo—6,o00 feet; Khasya; Ceylon ; Birma, and Malay Peninsula. (Also in Japan, South China, and the Malay Islands.) g. DAVALLIA speciosa. (JZeft.) ,Rhizome wide-creeping, 2 lines thick, scales ferruginous dense linear-subulate ; stipe 3-5 inches, naked, brown, stramineous; frond deltoid, 4-pinnatifid, 1-1} foot long ; rachis winged in upper half, pinne lanceolate-deltoid, long- stalked, lowest largest 3-4 inches broad; pinnules and segments 62 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. deltoid, with rachises winged to base, cuneate-truncate on lower side, final lobes lanceolate-falcate under 1 line broad, with sorus on upper side at base ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked ; involucre cup-shaped, broader than deep, } line broad, oblique, close to final sinuses. Hook. Syn. Fil. 469. Moulmein. Bedd. F. B. I. Suppi. 7. 352. GENUS XVIII.—MICROLEPIA. (P7ves/.) (Micros, small; /epis, a scale, the small indusium.) Fronds pinnate or variously compound ; texture various ; veins simple or pinnately forked ; venules free ; sori intra- or sub-marginal ; MICROLEPIA HOOKERIANA (JVail/.) involucre membranaceous, half cup-shaped, attached at the sides as well as the base; rhizome creeping ; stipe continuous with the caudex. 1. MICROLEPIA HOOKERIANA. (Wall) Stipe a foot and more long, pubescent, at length glabrous; rachis hirsute-pubes- cent; fronds lanceolate pinnate ; pinnee subpetiolate lanceolate from a broad hastate base, gradually acuminated submembranaceous, duplicate-crenated, sparingly hairy on the costa and veins beneath ; veins parallel, dichotomous ; sori approximate, forming a continued line at the base of the crenatures of the margin; involucres half cup-shaped; stipes and rachis pubescent-hirsute. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 97. Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 101. Sylhet, Upper Assam, Khasya and Mikir Hills. _ (Also in Hong Kong.) 4 = ee ee, N°3t. j = od lib eal 17 la DAVALLIA BULLATA, (Waill.) : a lus CATTELL& COLNGRIS 64 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 2. MICROLEPIA PINNATA. (Cav.) Rhizome creeping, fur- -nished with fibrillose scales; stipe strong, erect, 6-12 inches long, glossy ; fronds 9-15 inches long, 4-8 inches broad, lanceolate- pinnate, glabrous ; pinne slightly toothed, 6 inches long, ¢ inch broad, coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, obliquely acuminate at the base ; sori one to each tooth, small, submarginal; veins sunk, inconspicuous, generally forked ; involucres small, half-cup-shaped. JEQWE ISVde LW Oe LeU TE, oS Me Ths WM Anamallay Mountains; Malay Peninsula. (Also in Java and Polynesian Islands.) 3. MICROLEPIA MARGINALIS. (Zhunb. under Folypodium.) Fronds broadly ovate-lanceolate, firm, membranaceous; pinnz elongate, lanceolate, subfalcate, acuminate, pinnatifid-lobate, the acuminated apices serrated, pubescent-villous beneath, most so on the costa and prominent veins, unequally cuneate at the base, and subpetiolate ; lobes acute crenate-dentate ; veins pinnated ; sori solitary in the axils of the smaller and upper lobes or serratures, and distant from the margin, marginal on the small teeth of the larger lobes ; involucres broad half-cup-shaped, densely villous ; rachis and stipe downy, the latter at length glabrous ; rhizome creeping, villous ; stipe 1-2 feet long, erect, strong; fronds 18-24 inches long, 9-15 inches broad, once pinnate. Polyp. marginale, Zhunb. Hl. Japan, ~. 337. Micro- lepia scabra, Don. Bedd. F. B. J. t. 102. Nepal and Kumaon, Khasya, Mikir Hiils. (Also in Japan and Formosa.) VAR. [3 CALVESCENS. (/Zook.) Pinnze narrower and more deeply pinnatifid, nearly glabrous beneath, except the strigose midrib. Davallia calvescens. Hook. Sp. Fil. I. p. 172, ¢. 48 B. D.urophylla (Wallich), Bedd. F. B. TL. t. 103. Kumaon. 4. MICROLEPIA UROPHYLLA. (/fook.) Rhizome creeping; stipe strong, erect, 2-3 feet long ; fronds bipinnate, tripinnatifid, coriaceous, shining above and beneath, but pubescent on the rachises below ; MICROLEPIA PLATYPHYLLA. (Dovn.) 6 66 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. secondary pinnze lanceolate-linear, very finely caudate, cut down nearly to the rachis into ovate acuminate, unequal sided toothed lobes; sori submarginal, one to each of the lower sinuses of the lobes. Hook. Syn. Fil. ~p. 99, not of Wallich or Bedd. Clarke, F. LV. DEA Or Bhotan (allied to M. platyphylla). 5. MICROLEPIA PLATYPHYLLA. (Dox.) Rhizome creeping, stout, scaly; stipes 2-3 feet long, firm erect; frond 3-4 feet long, tri- pinnatifid ; lower pinnz 12-15 inches long, 6-g inches broad, lanceolate with distant linear-lanceolate pinnules, which are cut nearly to the wavy rachis below, into broad, bluntish toothed, oblong- deltoid lobes; texture coriaceous when adult, glabrous and shining on both surfaces, but when young more or less membranaceous and hairy ; sori 2-12 to a segment, placed one in each tooth, a short distance from the edge, about a line across. Dun. HH. Prod. Nep. 1, YEOW AIST IUML js OO, Leal JL Sy Ib by Bp Madras Presidency, throughout the Western mountains, up to nearly 6,000 feet; Ceylon; Himalayas, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhotan 3,000-5,500 feet elevation ; Khasya. 6. Microtepia Kurzu. (Clarke.) Fronds large tripianatifid ; pinne as in platyphylla, with linear-lanceolate pinnules, which are cut down to its rachis (which is not wavy, or only slightly so towards the apex) below into triangular subobtuse or ianceolate-caudate lobes, which are bluntly serrate ; texture not so cofiaceous as in platy- phylla, uniformly pubescent beneath, even when adult; venation much less prominent than in platyphylla; involucres finely ciliated round the margin. Clarke F. WV. I. p. 446. Birma. This is very like platyphylla, and may turn out to be only a variety of it. I have only seen one specimen. 7. MICROLEPIA MAJUSCULA. (Lowe.) Rhizome creeping, tomen- tose ; stipe 6-12 inches long, erect naked ; fronds up to 3 feet long lanceolate-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnz 9-12 inches long, 3-4 inches broad, lanceolate ; pinnules lanceolate acuminate, cut down FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 67 nearly or quite to the rachis into blunt slightly crenated oblong lobes, rachis and both surfaces slightly hairy, the upper bright green, shining ; texture subcoriaceous; sori small submarginal, 2-12 to a segment. Flook. Syn. Fil. p 99. Microlepia proxima (Thw.), Bedd. FS. L. t. 254. Ceylon, Rangbodde, 3,500 feet elevation. 8. MicroLePia stricosa. (Szwar/z.) Fronds tall, lanceolate, bi- pinnate ; stipes elongated ; rachis and veins pubescent-hispid, primary pinne petiolate, lanceolate-aciuminate, secondary (or pinnules) mostly petiolate, subdimidiate-ovate, obtuse pinnatifid, chiefly on the upper edge, lower lobes obovate deep, the rest short, all of them angulate- dentate, veins pinnated, furnished with a few long scattered hairs both above and beneath (the remaining surface of the frond beneath being sometimes furnished with numerous small hairs, or sometimes gla- brous as is the upper surface); involucres hairy, small, half cup-shaped. ieee. Ll. p98. Bead. FS. TS, ¢. 255. Tinnevelly and Travancore Mountains, South India ; Ceylon Himalayas ; and Malay Peninsula. (Also in Japan, South China, Sandwich and Fiji Islands.) Mr. Clarke considers this a variety, or rather only a young state of speluncz, as he states it develops into this more compound form ; as far as the South Indian and Ceylon forms are concerned, this is never more than bipinnate, whereas speluncce is 3-4 pin- nate; it has been for years in cultivation in ferneries, at Ootaca- mund, and is quite constant. g. MICROLEPIA SPELUNCH. (Zzzn.) Rhizome creeping; stipes strong, 1-1 foot long; fronds up to 6 feet long, rarely more, and 2 feet broad, ovate to deltoid, 3-4-pinnatifid, more or less hairy, strigose or villous, or with few or many long glistening scale- like flaccid hairs, rarely sub-glabrous; texture membranaceous, or flaccid, pinnules from oblong or ovate to linear-lanceolate, ultimate segments entire or subentire and rhomboid, or irregularly inciso- obate or pinnatifid; sori large 1-5 to the entire segments, more copious on the lobed segments; involucre half cup-shaped, hispid or rarely glabrous; veins more or less prominent beneath. Polypodium spelincee, Lin. Sp. Pl. 1555. 68 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. The Himalayas from Kumaon eastwards; Khasya ; Chittagong ; Madras, Western mountains ; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. (Also in China, Japan, Malay Islands, Polynesia, and Tropical America.) TypE. Ultimate segments rhomboidal, subentire, or slightly crenated. Davallia rhomboidea, Wall. Cat. 257. VaR. § HIRTA. Ultimate segments more or less deeply cut. Rhomboidea (Microlepia polypodioides, Gedd. & S. Z #. 15) can easily be picked out in the herbarium : it is very uniform in char- acter, and does not run into hirta in cultivation; it is very common throughout India and in Ceylon. The variety hirta (Bedd. & S. /. 256) is a much more variable plant, and I refer to this Wal/. Cat. 262 puberula; 263 pilosula; 264 virens ; 2,218 Roxburghii, and 261 pyramidata. These are all so closely allied that it is impossible to keep them up as separate varieties, and they besides run one intothe other. There are two varieties in Southern India and Ceylon: one very hairy and the other nearly quite glabrous, but differing inno way beyond the pubescence. The supposed species, flaccida (Bedd. /. Sup. ¢. 353) I now consider only a form of hirta, as I cannot distinguish it in the herbarium, it is said to be very flaccid, and to have fronds ten and twelve feet long. I have seen no forms anything like so large in Southern India or Ceylon, yet some Ceylon and South Indian specimens are referred to it. Wallich’s pyramidata has the pinnules closer together and more elongated than any of the other forms, but otherwise it is. quite like hirta. GENUS XIX.—STENOLOMA. (#é.) (Szenos, narrow ; oma, border.) Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, ultimate segments cuneiform, growing gradually wider from the base to the apex; veins dichotomously forked, venules free ; indusium terminal on the segments, forming a compressed suborbicular, or cup-shaped pouch, only open at the top ; rhizome creeping ; stipes tufted, not articulated upon the rhizome. STENOLOMA CHINENSIS. (Sw.) 70 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. I. STENOLOMA CHINENSIS. (Swar/z.) Rhizome stout, densely fibrillose ; stipes strong, erect, polished, naked, dark brown, 6-12 inches long; fronds 12-18 inches long, 6-9 inches broad, ovate, 4-pinnatifid ; lower pinnze ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 inches long, 2-3 inches broad ; pinnules lanceolate, their segments cut down to the rachis below, with toothed cuneate lobes, 1-1} lines across at the apex; texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces naked, the upper shining ; sori terminal, usually solitary, often rather broader than deep. Swartz Syn. fil. 133 (under Davallia) Davallia tenuifolia, SEO Si, UL > WOR, LEGG, 7, Ss, SL th, WG Madras Presidency, Western mountains, 3,000-6,000 feet: Himalayas, Kumaon to Bhotan, up to 1,000-4,000 feet; Khasya; Ceylon ; Malay Peninsula. (Also in China, Japan, Polynesia, and the East African Islands.) GENUS XX.—CYSTOPTERIS. (erah.) (Cystos, a cyst, in allusion to the inflated indusium.) Fronds more or less compound, membranaceous ; sori globose, placed on the back of the veins ; indusium membranaceous, subor- bicular inserted by its broad base, under the sorus, which, at the beginning it covers or partially covers like a hood ; veins free. 1. CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. (Lerzh.) Stipes 2-12 inches long ; fronds glabrous, weak, up to 1 foot, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis slightly winged above; pinnz lanceolate-deltoid ; pin- nules oblong-rhomboidal, cut down to a broad central space into bluntly or sharply-toothed segments ; sori 2-12 toa pinnule. ook, SWite LUE WOR Saleh I Jay, IE, i Oc North West Himalayas, from Kashmir to Kumaon, 10,000- 15,000 feet elevation ; Sikkim. (Also in most parts of the world, in cold regions.) 2. CYSTOPTERIS SETOSA. (Bedd.) Caudex erect; stipes 1 foot long, sparsely covered with small flaccid subulate light-brown scales ; fronds tufted 3-3} feet long, tripinnate, pinnze 8-10 inches long, lowest AFL CATT SE (eC OTNGRLE es (Bedit.) CYSTOPTERIS SETOSA, Vie FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. pair nearly as long as the central ones, gradually decreasing in size towards the apex, pinnules pinnatifid to nearly the rachis, but always more or less connected by a decurrent wing, very membranaceous and flaccid, and furnished on both sides sparsely (as is the rachis and costa) with long weak pellucid jointed sete; segments of the pinnules generally as broad at the apex as at the base, more or less pinnatifid, with the lobes obtusely rounded or variously toothed ; veins forked and simple reaching the margin; sori one to each segment, medial on the lower vein ; involucre very membranaceous, small scale-like, ovate, roundish ovate, or oblong, from a broad base fornicate, not nearly covering the sorus, fimbriate or entire, fugacious. edd. & B. J. ¢. 312; also ¢. 262, under Lastrea. Moulmein, Mountains; Sikkim 5,000-80c0 feet. TRIBE V.—LINDSAYEZ. Sori placed in a line, at or very near the edge of the frond, covered with an involucre, the inner valve of which is membra- naceous, the outer formed of the margin of the frond. GENUS XXI.—LINDSAYA. (Dryand.) (In honour of Dr. Lindsay, a writer on Ferns.) Sori marginal or submarginal, placed to the apex of, and uniting two Or more veins ; involucre double, opening outwardly, the inner valve membranaceous, the outer formed of the more or less changed margin of the frond ; veins free; pinne unilateral or equilateral. § Pinne unilateral. 1. LINDSAYA CULTRATA. (Swartz.) Rhizome wiry, creeping, furnished with linear scales, stipes wiry flexuous, 3-6 inches long; fronds 6-12 inches long, about 1 inch broad, simply pinnate, pinnee unequal-sided, lower edge nearly straight near the main nerve ; upper edge slightly lobed or nearly entire; lower pinnz stalked ; texture rather coriaceous. Szwar7tz. Syn. Fil. 119. Hook. Syn. Fil. 105. Bedd. F. S. f. ¢. 23. Lindsaya Lobbiana (Hook.), Bedd. FB. J. Zz, 28. A variety with rounded pinne, and a 4-winged rachis. ee SS wy | Yi 4 | aes SN «) ie A Gi Ko = Ky = i a Cy oes WD D AG CATTELL aCPENC RAS LINDSAYA CULTRATA. (Sw.) 74 ‘ FERNS OF BRITISI INDIA AND CEYLON. Very common on the western side of the Madras Presidency, up to 6,000 feet, called the hay-scented ‘ern, from its scent when drying. Ceylon, higher altitudes in the central provinces. Himalayas, Nepal, to Mishmee and Chittagong, up to 4,000 feet; Birma and the Malay Peninsula. (Also in North Australia, Formosa, Japan, Malay Islands, and East African Islands.) 2. LINDSAYA REPENS. (Z/w.) Caudex creeping, scaly; stipes short; fronds rigid, membranaceous linear-lanceolate, 10-18 inches long, 4 inch broad, pinnate attenuated at the base; pinnz very numerous, 40 or more pair, half deltoid-ovate obtuse or sub-acute, base nearly parallel with the rachis, and with the lower margin quite entire, upper margin lobulate- crenate, costa parallel with and close to the margin ; veins simple or forked, free ; sori short, oblong, one near the margin of each lobule. Tih ins P1383. Bedd. 2 |S. ie Odontoloma, Hock. Syn. Fil. ~. 93. Laindsaya pectinata (Blume), Afook. Syn. Lil. p. 106. Ceylon, Singhe-Rajah Forest; Mishmee, LINDSAYA scanpENns. Khasya, Sikkim-Terai, Dulkajher 1,000 feet ; (Zook.) Malay Peninsula. Also in the Malay Islands, Polynesia and Mauritius.) Var. MiINoR. A smaller form, more membranaceous, and more deeply pinnatifid; sorimuch shorter. 7hw.l.c. Bedd. FS. Lt. 214. 3. LINDSAYA SCANDENS. (//ook.) Rhizome stout, wide-creeping, scandent, paleaceous ; frond g-12 inches long, 13-1? inch broad, simply pinnate; pinnee $ inch long, 3 inch- broad, the lower line slightly decurved, the upper rounded, entire, the point broadly rounded, placed in a long row close together, but not imbricated ; texture pellucid-herbaceous ; costa marginal; sori in a continuous Mansinalelimes wA00en SP Tl. 2p. 205.00. 103 5. . Sis Lil patos Bedd, F. B. I.-t. 298. The Malay Peninsula. (Also in the Philippine Islands.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 75 4. LINDSAYA ORBICULATA. (Lam. under Adiantum.) Rhizome creeping ; stipes tufted, generally elongated, fronds linear-lanceolate and pinnate or deltoid and bipinnate; pinnules approximate shortly petiolate, rather rigid flabellate, and approaching to lunate or sub- rhomboid, with the sides unequal, the base obliquely cuneate, some- times the upper ones are confluent, the superior margin crenulate or soriferous ; no distinct midrib; sori continuous or interrupted; in- volucres toothed. Aook. Syn. Fil. i. 211. L. flabellulata, Hook. mpm pg. 107. Bedd. kb. /.¢. 216. Davyallia trichomanoides, Bedd. & B. 7. ¢. 178 (not Blume) an abnormally cut variety. D.schizophylla, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 408. Var. TENERA. Pinnules of thinner texture, and obtusely rounded in outline. edd. FS. 7. ¢. 24. This is the only form found in the Madras Presidency. Western Forests of Madras; Ceylon; Khasya, Assam, Jaintea ; Malay Peninsula. (Also in South China and Australia.) 5. LinpsayA Lancea. (L. under Adiantum.) Rhizome creep- ing ; stipes strong, up to 12 inches long ; frond up to 15 inches long, bipinnate ; pinnze, several pairs erect-patent; pinnules about 1 inch long, by 4-3 inch deep, the lower line nearly straight, the upper rounded entire; texture pellucid-herbaceous ; sori in a continuous line round the upper margin. Ad‘antum Lanceum. L. Lindsezea tra- peziformis (Dry.), Hook. Syn. Fil. 107. L. caudata (Hook.), Bedd. F. S.f, 7. 217. Mr. Wall sends from Ceylon a form with numerous pinnz, which taper away into a long caudate apex, the lower pinnules being obovate from a longish stalk, and much smaller than in the type ; the upper pinnules very small and tongue-shaped. Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. (Also in Tropical America, the West Indies, and the Malay Islands. ) 6. Linpsaya ricipa. (/. Sm.) Rhizome wide-creeping, stipes 4-6 inches long, rigid, erect, prickly towards the base; fronds with a long unbranched central point, and 1-4 pair of flexuose lateral 76 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. branches, 4-8 inches long; pinnules 3-4 lines broad, 2 lines deep, the lower edge often falcate, the upper 3-4 times bluntly, not deeply lobed, close together, but not imbricate; texture very thick, coriaceous ; veins prominent ; sori in a marginal line on the lobes. Flook. Syn. Fil. p. 108. Bedd. F. B. . 1. 166. Malacca, on Mount Ophir. §§ Pinne equilateral. 7. LinpsayA WALKER. (fZook.) Rhizome creeping, thicker than a crow’s quill, ferruginous with scale-like hairs. Stipes very long, often 1 foot, and as well as the rachis dark purple, glossy ; fronds lanceolate, pinnate, 6 inches to 1 long, pinnze 6-9 pairs, with a terminal one, which is sometimes confluent with one or both of the upper pair, coriaceous, sub- opposite, remote, lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, equal, costa central, veins copious, almost parallel with the costa ; sorus marginal, continuous on both sides. Flook. Sp. Fil. 1. 209. Syn. Fil. 109. Bedd. IES IG te Bike Ceylon, Hinidoon Corle in swamps. (Also the island of Banca, east of Sumatra.) 8, LINDSAYA DIVERGENS. ( Wall.) Rhi- N°33. zome creeping ; stipes and rachis ebony- LINDSAYA DIVERGENS. black, glossy; fronds lanceolate-pinnate ; (Wailt.) pinnze approximate, crowded, horizontal- lanceolate, obtuse, subsemihastate at the base, glaucous beneath, the sides equal ; costa central; veins oblique, once forked, distant, in- ternal, obscure; sorus marginal and continuous on both edges and at the wapex: "A/00k: Sp: fal. V. 200; Fook: et \Grev, Vensraiaga 226. edd. F. B. J. ¢. 250. Vittaria divergens, Herb. Roxb. Wail. COT OO Malacca. (Also in Borneo.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Wu g. Linpsaya LANUGINOSA. (JVadl.) Rhizome creeping, stout, clothed with fibrillose scales; stipes stout, erect, 4-6 inches long ; fronds 12-24 inches long, 3-4 inches broad, simply pinnate ; pinnze 13-2 inches long, 3-3 inch broad, linear entire or very slightly toothed towards the point, which is acute in the fertile, bluntly rounded in the barren frond ; texture coriaceous ; rachis pubescent ; sori in a continuous line along both edges. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 110. eager. J. f TAO. Birma and the Malay Peninsula. (Also in Tropical Australia, Mauritius, and Tropical Africa.) ro. LINDSAYA HETEROPHYLLA. (Bedd.) Glabrous, fronds, 10-20 inches high; deltoid-bipinnate, in the lower portion, sometimes tripin- nate, simply pinnate at the apex; lower pinnz 4-6 inches long, upper ones gradually smaller and less compound, pinnules numerous, as many as 20, very variable in form, subrotund, rhomboidal or lan- ceolate, margin entire; veins simple or forked, all free; sori con- tinuous round the whole margin except at the base, the Jarger pinnules have a distinct midrib. Bedd. FS. 7. ¢. 206. This is more compound than any of the Indian forms of Schizo- loma heterophylla; but there is a form of that plant from Hong- kong in the Kew Herbarium very like this in outline, but with the veins anastomosing. I have examined many fronds of this plant, and the veins never anastomose, and if it be lumped with Schizoloma heterophylla, it at once does away with that genus or subgenus. I am, however, inclined to consider it a distinct species more allied to L. orbiculata var. tenera than to Schizoloma heterophylla. Shevaroy Hills (on the Green hills), ‘Tinnevelly Mountains. GENUS XXII.—SCHIZOLOMA. (Gaud.) (Schizo, 1 cut; oma, margin.) As in Lindsaya, but veins more or less anastomosing. 1. SCHIZOLOMA LopaTa. (foir.) Rhizome short-creeping ; stipes 6-9 inches long, firm, erect; fronds pinnate ; pinnz 1-6 pairs, erect-patent, 3-6 inches long; pinnules about } inch long, } inch (foir.) VAR. MALABARICA. SCHIZOLOMA LOBATA. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 79 broad, recurved, rounded, the upper margin with broad, shallow lobes, texture thin pellucid-herbaceous ; veins anastomosing in the upper portion of the pinnules ; sori marginal in the lobes, the inner valve of the involucre narrow and membranous, the edge of the frond. produced beyond it, and scarcely altered. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 111. S. recurvata (Wall.), Bedd. FS. Z 7. 27. L. nitens, Blume. Malabar and Travancore Mountains, Ceylon. (Also in Queensland and the Polynesian Islands.) Var. (3 MALABARICA. (Bedd.) Fronds always simply pinnate ; rachis tetragonous ; pinnules erect, not recurved, upper margin more deeply lobed; veins less anastomosing. edd. / B. f. ¢. 268. Perhaps a distinct species. Malabar and South Canara. 2. SCHIZOLOMA DAVALLIOIDFS. (BZ) Rhizome short-creeping; stipes 6-12 inches long, firm, erect; fronds pinnate, pinnz 2-3 pairs, erect-patent, 4-8 inches long, pinnules 4-6 lines long, 2-3 lines broad, the lower margin straight or slightly curved, ) the upper with 4—6 regular rounded but not \ ff deep lobes, texture pellucid-herbaceous ;
  • LG Whe We SHG, Teh Tex I, te 1G), Birma. 4. ADIANTUM CAPILLUS VENERIS. (Z.) Stipes suberect, rather slender, 4-9 inches long, polished, blackish, naked ; fronds bipinnate, with a short terminal pinna and numerous erect-patent lateral ones on each side, the lowest slightly branched again ; segments 3-1 inch broad, the base cuneate, the outer edge rounded, deeply lobed from the circumference in the direction of the centre, and the lobes again bluntly crenated, lowest petioles ¢ inch long, texture pellucid-her- baceous, thin; rachis and both surfaces naked ; sori roundish or obreniform, placed in the roundish sinuses of the crenations. JEOQWE: (Sila Le Bo 1O3, LEG IE, Ss Th FAs Madras Presidency, west side, common on banks of rivers in the plains, and up to 5,000 feet on the mountains; Ceylon; North India, in many localities. (Also in Europe, Africa, America, and Australia.) 5. ADIANTUM £THIOPICUM (Z.) Stipe 6-9 inches long, rather slender, erect, dark chestnut brown, polished, naked ; fronds up to 18 inches long, 6-9 inches broad, deltoid in outline, 3—4-pinnate ; lower pinnules 3—4 inches long, 2-3 inches broad, deltoid; ultimate segments 3-% inch across, suborbicular, straight or subcuneate or rounded at the base, the upper part broadly not deeply lobed; tex- ture thinly pellucid-herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked; sori in several roundish or transversely oblong patches in rounded hollows N°44 aN FAN y \\ \ AGORIVI Na OMNCRAS ADIANTUM CAUDATUM. (L7772.) 86 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. of the outer edge. Aook: “Syn. Til p) 123. Bedd. [a Sane Ad. emarginatum, Gedd. F. B. J. ¢. 18. Nilgiri and Pulney Mountains at the higher elevations. Ceylon. (Also in Australia, New Zealand, America, Africa and the East African Islands.) ; 6. ADIANTUM VENUSTUM. (Don.) Fronds 3-4-pinnate ; pinnules firm, membranaceous-chartaceous, glabrous, and slightly glaucous beneath, shortly petiolulate obovate-cuneate, rarely subrhomboid- acuminate, striated, the superior margin rounded, scarcely ever or but slightly 2 or 3 lobed, finely dentate-serrate, fertile lobes with 2, rarely 3 notches, each notch bearing a rather large sorus at the bottom ; involucres reniform-cordate, submembranaceous ; stipes and slender rachis everywhere ebeneous-glossy, glabrous. Hook. Sp. Fil. il. 40. A. venustum, Don Prodr. Hl. Nep. 16. Bedd. F. B. J. f. 20. _N. E. Himalayas, very common, 3,000—-10,000 feet elevation. (Also in Cabul.) 7. ADIANTUM PEDATUM. (Z.) Stipes 6-12 inches long, polished, dark chestnut-brown, glabrous; fronds dichotomous, with the main divisions flabellately branched ; central pinnze 6-9 inches long, 1-15 inch broad; pinnules 3-2 inch long, ¢ inch deep, dimidiate, broadest on the side nearest the stem, the upper and outer margin lobed, sometimes one-third down, the lowest on short slender stalks ; texture pellucid-herbaceous; rachises and surfaces naked; sori roundish or transversely oblong, 1-2 lines broad. Lzun. Sp. Fl. 1557. flook. Syn. Fil. p. 125. Bedd. F. B. J. t. 167. N. W. Himalayas, from Gurwhal to Sikkim, 6,000-9,000 feet elevation. (Also in Japan and North America.) 8. ADIANTUM HISPIDULUM. (Szartz.) Stipes up to 15 inches long ; strong, erect, polished, dark chestnut-brown, scabrous; fronds dichotomous, with the main divisions flabellately branched ; central pinneze 6—g inches long, 34-1 inch broad, dimidiate, sub-rhomboidal, rather broader on the side nearest the stem, hispid on both sides, the outer edge bluntly rounded or oblique, upper and outer margin ABCATTISIALOENCEAS, ADIANTUM VENUSTUM, (Don.) N°45. 88 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. finely toothed, lower ones slightly stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori roundish, numerous, contiguous round the upper and outer edge. Fook Syn. Filep. 120, eBedd. TiS. Lt, 2. Common in the Western Hills of the Madras Presidency, 3,000- 5,000 feet ; Ceylon up to 4,000 feet. (Also in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Africa and its Eastern Islands.) g. ADIANTUM FLABELLULATUM. (Z.) Scales on the rhizome long, linear, lax, chestnut coloured; fronds flabellate, bipartite- pedately divided, tripinnate ; secondary pinne lanceolate-acuminated ; pinnules glabrous, subcoriaceous-chartaceous, obliquely cuneate or semi-orbicular-cuneate, superior base truncate, superior margin 2-4 lobed and serrate-dentate in the sterile one ; lobes soriferous ; involu- cres large, the breadth of the lobe, oblong, straight, rarely a little curved, hard coriaceous ; stipes elongated ebeneous-scabrous below ; the rest, as well as the slender rachis, glossy and glabrous. ook. Sp. Tin 30. Linn. Sp. Fil. p. 2558. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 120 bea TE, Ss Lh he BUS Nepal, Assam, Khasya, Sylhet ; Ceylon, in the Ouvah district ; he Malay Peninsula. (Also in the Milay Islands, South China and Japan.) GENUS XXIV.—CHEILANTHES. (Swarz.) (Cheilos, lip or margin; azthos, flower; the fructification on the margin). Sori terminal, or nearly so, on the veins, at first small. subglobose, afterwards more or less confluent; indusium formed of the changed reflexed margin, roundish and distinct, or more or less confluent, but not quite continuous ; fronds subcoriaceous in texture, mostly under 12 inches, often under 6 inches long, 3—4-pinnatifid ; veins free. 1. CHEILANTHES FRAGRANS. (Szwaréz.) Stipes ceespitose, wiry, 1-3 inches long, densely clothed with reddish-brown linear scales ; fronds 2-3 incheslong, about 1 inch broad, ovate-acuminate, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinnee opposite, 3-3 inch long, $—3 inch broad, deltoid, cut down to the rachis below into several sinuate-pinnatifid linear- FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 89 oblong lobes; texture subcoriaceous; rachis polished but slightly scaly, both surfaces green and naked; sori small, copious ; involucre light brown, membranaceous, toothed. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 1343; Sp. fil. li. 81. Polypodium fragrans (Linn.), Bedd. & B.S. ¢. 338. Murree, 4,000-5,000 feet; Mountains of Kashmir; Kishtwar, 3,500—5,000 feet. . (Also in Cabul, and all round the Mediterranean, Canaries, Madeira. ) 2. CHEILANTHES Szovirzu. (Misch and Meyer.) Stipes densely tufted, erect, wiry, polished, brown, thinly coated, as is the rachis, with spreading woolly hairs and linear scales ; fronds 3—6 inches long, 1-1 inch broad, ovate-lanceolate, bipinnate to tripinnate ; pinnee in opposite pairs, the lower ones deltoid; pinnules linear-oblong, con- tiguous, cut down to the rachis below into small round bead-like segments, 4 inch in diameter, subcoriaceous, above green slightly tomentose, below covered with white woolly hairs, which arise from the sori, the margins much incurved ; sori copious, marginal. Fisch and Meyer in Bull. Soc. Mosc. 1838, p. 241. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 139. id LB. J. t. t45; Kashmir and Baltistone, 5,000—7,000 feet, common; Kulu. (A'so in Cabul, Asia Minor, Persia, and South Europe.) 3. CHEILANTHES MYSORENSIS. (Wallich.) Roots densely czespitose, the fibres very woolly, stipes slightly scaly below, short, 1-2 inches, and as well as the main rachises, deep glossy-ebeneous, rigid ; fronds a span or more long, in outline narrow oblong, acute, tapering below by the diminishing of the pinnz, glabrous, membrana- ceous but firm, bipinnate ; lower pinnze very small, all of them oblong- ovate, sessile, frequently opposite pinnate below, the upper half pin- natifid ; pinnules or segments linear-oblong, plane (much incurved if dried without pressure), toothed or lobite-pinnatifid, each tooth or lobe bearing one or two subconfluent, small, whitish, suborbicular sori. iio, SP. Fi. u. 7. 94; Syn. Fil. f. 135. Bedd. F. S. f. t. 190. South India, common in dry, rocky places in the plains and lower slopes of the hills; Ceylon, at low elevations. (Also in China and Japan.) ea N°.46. A S.CATTELL & GOENGRAS. CHEILANTHES MYSORENSIS (VMWail.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. ep 4. CHEILANTHES FRAGILIS. (/ook.) Caudex none except the copious tufted wiry fibres, from which the stipes arise in tufts; main rachis and slightly scaly stipes (3-5 inches long) clothed with a greyish glandulose tomentum ; fronds of an opaque brownish-green colour, submembranaceous, 8-15 inches long, erect, rather stiff but fragile, oblong-lanceolate, pinnate with the pinne pinnatifid ; pinnee alternate distant, horizontal up to 2 inches long, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis (which is furnished with subulate scales) ; segments crenated ; lobes obtuse and partially ciliated at the margin ; veins pinnated, simple or forked; sori approximate roundish; involucres ciliated, formed of the slightly changed lobes of the margin. Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 96; Mure. 130. Bedd. fF. B. f. Z, 223. Perhaps only a form of No. 3. Moulmein, on limestone rocks. 5. CHEILANTHES VARIANS. (Wall. under Pteris.) Root tufted ; stipes 4—6 inches long, slender, ebeneous-glossy, plane and margined on the upper side, obsoletely setose - paleaceous ; fronds sub - membranaceous, _ glab- rous, about a span long, long-lanceo- CHEILANTHES VARIANS. (Wad/.) late, the pinnatifid apex acuminated, pinnated above, bipinnate below; primary pinne distant, spreading or a little curved upwards, sessile, superior ones lanceolate, acuminate sinuate-pinnatifid at their base, and somewhat auricled at the upper base, lower ones deltoid acuminate pinnate at their base, pinnatifid acuminated (caudate) in the upper half; pinnules lanceolate acuminate or acute pinnatifid below, the lowest inferior pinnz the longest. Hook. Sp. fil. iit. p. 89; Syn. Lil. mage, bead, &. S. 1, ft, 1809. Q2 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. East Bengal plains from Assam to Chittagong; Khasya Hills, 2,000 feet ; South India (Anamallay Hills) ; Birma. (Also in South China and Luzon.) 6. CHEILANTHES LAxA. (MZoore.) Stipes densely tufted, chest- nut coloured, shining up to 8 inches long, sparsely clothed towards the base with lanceolate scales ; fronds narrow-lanceolate up to 20 inches long by 3 inches broad, bipinnate or tripinnatifid ; rachis naked, _ or nearly so; pinnee distant, subsessile, deltoid, lower ones reduced ; pinnules blunt, upper adnate entire, lower free lanceolate, bluntly lobed, texture very thin ; surfaces naked ; dull green, slightly fazinose beneath on the young fronds; involucre narrow. Moore Ind. Fil. pb. 245. Cheilanthes Thwaitesti, AZett. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 457- Ceylon, Kurunagalla and Kallupahane. 7. CHEILANTHES TENUIFOLIA. (Szw.) Annual, caudex short- creeping, scaly ; stipes elongated, rarely scaly ; frond submembrana- ceous, glabrous, 3-4 inches to a span and more long, ovate acuminate, or more or less deltoid, subtripinnate, ultimate lobes of the primary and secondary divisions the largest, more or less pinnatifid ; pinnules elliptic, oblong or oblong-lanceolate subpinnatifid or crenate, with broad blunt teeth; involucres mostly elongated, more or Jess con- fluent, more or less crenated or denticulate, sometimes transversely wrinkled ; stipes and rachis purple-black, main rachis winged above, secondary and tertiary rachises all with a narrow wing. Hook. Sp. LG, (Ds SA Sie, Sie, J,» TBS, Aad, JB SL IL, 08S. Madras Presidency, common in the plains and on low hills up to 4,000 feet: Bengal, plains in Assam, Chittagong, Dacca, Chota Nagpore ; Khasya, up to 3,500 feet ; Sikkim ; Malay Peninsula. (Also in China, Australia, New Zealand, Polynesia, Uruguay, and the Malay Islands.) 8. CHEILANTHES .FARINOSA. (Kaw/f) Roots tufted; stipes more or less elongated, ebeneous-glossy, deciduously scaly; fronds subcoriaceous, from a span to a foot long, deltoidly lanceolate, or lanceolate glabrous, white and powdery beneath, p'nnate, the apex FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 93 pinnatifid, acuminate, pinnz mostly lanceolate pinnatifid, the one or two lowermost pair more or less half deltoid bipinnatifid below ; involucres brown, scariose, rounded, sometimes confluent, and then waved or lobed, the margin entire or toothed and jagged. Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p..77; Syn. Fil. p. 142. Bedd. F. S. I. ¢. 191 and 192 (bullosa). Throughout North India, in the hills up to 5,000 feet ; Madras Presidency, in the plains and up to 8,000 feet on the hills; Ceylon ; Birma. (Also in Tropical America, Java, Philippines, East Africa and its Islands, and Arabia.) Var. 6 Datuoustz. (ook.) Pinne (even when young) without hairs, scales or powder underneath ; involucres deeply crenu- late toothed or lacerate on the margin. Clarke, F. WV. J. p. 459, ana 7.5t- P. Dalhousie, Hook. Sp. fil. ii. p. 10; Syn. Fil. p. 137. West Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon, 6,000-9,000 feet, Sikkim, Lachen, 10,000 feet. / VaR. y FLACCIDA. Ultimate pinnules very flaccid, and generally broader than in the type, the white powder sparse on young fronds, altogether absent on mature ones; stipes and rachis weak and often wavy. Cheilanthes Dalhousie, edd. FS. F. ¢. 192. Nilgiris, in woods near Makoorty Peak, 7,000 feet, Anamallays, open grassy places on Ponachy Hill, 6,000 feet. Var. 0 CHRYSOPHYLLA. Powder beneath of a bright golden colour; fronds with quite the outline of typical farinosa, but smaller. Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 95, fig. 1. Cheil. argentea var. chrysophylla, Llook. Syn. Fil. p. 142. Khasya, 5,000 feet ; Cheilanthes argentea var. sulphurea, C/arke, F. N. I. p. 458, is only the young undeveloped frond of this. g. CHEILANTHES sUBVILLOSA. (/Zook.) Stipes densely tufted, 2-4 inches long, polished, naked, bright chestnut coloured, rather brittle, clothed with lanceolate acuminate scales below, main rachis glabrous beneath, the partial rachises with crisped woolly salmon- coloured hairs beneath ; fronds 6-12 inches long, 2-3 inches broad, OA FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. elongate-lanceolate tripinnatifid; pinnz 8—1o pairs, the lower ones distant, 13 inch long, more than 1 inch broad, deltoid; pinnules on the lower side the largest, sometimes 1 inch long oblong-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into oblong lobes ; texture herbaceous, upper surface naked, lower villose, especially on the costa; involucre continuous, slightly crenulate, not fimbriate on the margin. ook. Syn. Fil. p. 137; Sp. Fi. i. p. 87, 2.98 B. Bedd. F. B.S. é. 142. Clarke, F- N. I. p. 456. Mr. Clarke says that the involucre is that of Pelloea, to which genus this might be referred. N. W. Himalayas, Palur Valley, and Kitghur, near Simla. 10. CHEILANTHES ALBO-MARGINATA. (C/arke.) Rhizome with tufts of hair-pointed scales, stipes up to 10 inches, shorter or longer than the frond; glabrous, reddish-brown, shining, furnished, particularly below and when young, with lanceolate white-mar- gined scales; fronds deltoid to deltoid-lanceolate, when very young completely covered beneath with lanceolate brown scales, and with yellowish or whitish powder, in age glabrous except the partial rachises and costa, which are scaly ; lowest pair of pinnz half deltoid, and with their lower pinnules much more developed than in the others (as in farinosa) ; involucres lacerate on the margins. Clarke, f. WV. T. p. 456, 2.52. Perhaps only a form of farinosa. N. W. Himalayas, Kashmir, Basaoli, 5,000 feet; Dalhousie, 6,000 feet ; Simla, 7,000 feet ; Gurwhal, 2,000-9,000 feet. 11. CHEILANTHES RUFA. (Douz.) Stipes tufted, up to 6 inches long, densely clothed with rusty brown, woolly tomentum; fronds 6-10 inches long, bipinnatifid, from deltoid with the lower pinnze much developed (like farinosa) to lanceolate with the lower pinnz: dwindling down ; whole frond woolly beneath, with crisped hairs ; texture herba- ceous, white powder present below on the young fronds; involucre ciliated. Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. 16. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 141. Bedd. £2 HM: TAA. Very near the last species, only tomentose. I have some speci- mens from Gurwhal, I hardly know which to refer to, the tomentum FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 95 being present, but very sparse ; the difference between the two is only a question of the tomentum, and both may well be varieties of farinosa. Khasya, 4,000 feet, plentiful on limestone; Sikkim, 5,000 feet ; Gurwhal, 2,0oco—4,000 feet ; Dalhousie. 12, CHEILANTHES ARGENTEA. (Awmze.) Stipes ders tufted, 3-6 inches long, thick, dark brown, polished, clothed at the very base with linear scales; fronds 3—4 inches long by 2 inches broad, triangular or deltoid, tripinnatifid, lowest pinnze much the largest but not cut down to the rachis, tripinnatifid ; rachis and costa polished like the stipe, upper surface naked, green, lower covered with white powder; involucres crenate or fimbriate. Azmze. Linnea, 1850, p. 242. Hook. Syn. Fil. pate bead. FB. J. 7. 143.- (VYhe lowest pair of pinne is rarely almost quite free, the decurrent wing on the rachis from the next pair being very narrow; the pinne are generally broadly decurrent, so that the frond is not cut Soee ee hae GET ES down nearly to the rachis.) eae) Birma ; Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet. (Also in Siberia, Japar, and China.) GENUS XXV.—ONYCHIUM. (Kauif) (Onychion, a little nail; resemblance to the fertile segments of the frond.) Sori placed upon a continuous linear receptacle, which connects the apices of several veins ; indusium parallel with the margin of the segments, linear, opposite, pressed down over the sori, the edge 66 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. nearly or quite reaching the midrib. Closely allied to Pteris and referred to that genus by Mettenius. 1. ONYCHIUM AURATUM. (Kau/f) Stipes 6-12 inches long, stout, erect, naked, straw-coloured or pale brown; fronds 12-18 inches long, about 6 inches broad, ovate, 4-pinnatifid; lower pinnze subdeltoid, erect-patent; pinnules and segments numerous, usually deltoid; ultimate divisions of the sterile frond often obovate-cuneate, trifid at the apex, about 1 line long, 4-1 line broad when entire, coriaceous in texture, fertile segments pod-like, 3-1 inch long, 4 inch broad ; rachis and both surfaces naked, the membranous inyolucres and copious sori a rich golden yellow. Aawlf En. Lil. p. 144. JEOWE, Sila Ty js, WANG IHQUOL T&R Ss IG 1 Xk Plains of East Bengal, from Nepal to Assam, up to 4,000 feet ; Birma ; (once received from the Paulghaut Hills in Southern India, but as it has not been detected since, it was probably from a cultivated specimen). (Also in New Guinea and the Malay Islands. ) 2. ONYCHIUM JAPONICUM. (Awnze.) Stipes tufted, 6-12 inches long, stout, erect, straw-coloured or pale brown, scaly at the base ; fronds subcoriaceous when mature, shining on both surfaces, 12-18 inches long, ovate, 4-pinnate, lower pinnze lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnules and segments numerous, usually deltoid, the copious Jinear-mucro- nate ultimate divisions 13-2 lines long, nearly uniform in the barren and fertile segments; rachis and both surfaces naked ; indusium pale, membranaceous, ripe capsules deep brown. Awnze in Sch. Fil. SWIM jos Wy JEON SS JUL TRS Sse Tek Vor IG ie PM Himalayas, Gurwhal to Mishmee and Khasya, 3,000-6,000 feet ; Birma. (Also in Japan and China.) Mr. Clarke makes two varieties besides the type: 1st. mw¢e- secta, fertile frond, very finely cut, herbaceous, hardly shining, often 5-pinnate, ripe capsules straw-coloured,. not numerous; involucre remaining closed over the ripe capsules. 2nd, zzzermedia ,; fronds lax, more coarsely cut; involucres often inch; to this 2nd variety he —< aE te a eget . AS CATTLILECOINGHAS EE Di aa ~ he ONYCHIUM AURATUM. (Aau/,.) 8 98 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, refers, Bedd. F. B. J. ¢. 21, but it was taken from multisecta; the two varieties, however, differ very slightly, if at all. GENUS XXVI.—CRYPTOGRAMME. (&. 57.) (Krypios, hidden; gramme, a line.) Sterile and fertile fronds usually different from the same root ; sori terminal on the veins, at first separate, subglobose, afterwards confluent, the continuous indusium formed of the changed margin of the frond, rolled over them till full maturity. (Differs from Pellzea rather in the dimorphic fronds than in anything else.) 1. CRYPTOGRAMME CRISPA. (#. 47.) Glabrous, tufted, scales at base of stipe, lanceolate, acute, pale-brown; fronds 2-4 inches long, 13—2 inches broad, oblong, 3—4-pinnatifid ; ultimate segments of the barren frond obovate-cuneate, deeply pinnatifid, those of the fertile frond pod-shaped, 4-2 inch long; texture thickly herbaceous, both surfaces naked. A. Lr. tn Richardson’s Appen. to Franklin’s ist Journal, p. 54. Hook. Syn. fil. p. 144. C. Brunoniana (Wall.), Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 164. Allosorus crispus, Bernh. Himalayas, Kumaon to Kashmir, 10,000-15,000 feet ; Sikkim, 10,000-14,000 feet, head of Lachen Valley. (Also in Arctic and Alpine Europe, Asia, and North America.) GENUS XXVII.—PELLAIA. (Lznk.) (Pellos, dark co‘oured, the colour of the fronds.) Sori intramarginal, terminal on the veins, at first dot-like or decurrent on the veins, but soon running into a line; involucre or indusium formed of the more or less changed edge of the frond, quite continuous, sometimes very narrow; veins free. (Differs from Cheilanthes in the continuous indusium. ) § Veins clearly visible; tndustum broad. f S CATTELLE COFHERAS. CRYPTOGRAMME CRISPA, (R. Br.) i N°.50. 100 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 1. PELL@A STELLERI. (Gmelin under Pteris.) Rhizome wiry, creeping ; stipes scattered, slender, 2-3 inches long, naked, straw-coloured or pale- brown, polished, furnished about the base with few linear pale brown scales; fronds 2-4 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, ovate bi-tripinnatifid, often with the lowest pinnze barren, the upper fertile; pinnze lanceolate-_ deltoid, 1-2 inches long, cut down to the rachis ; lower pinnule again sometimes slightly divided; texture thinly herbaceous or flaccid ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins visible ; young sori subterminal on the veins, clustered, not forming a marginal line N°5I till old; indusium broad, continuous, mem- PIBILIGABA SUBIGILS RS branous. Pellzea gracilis, Hook. Syn. Fal. (Gizel.) p. 145. Clarke, F. NV. J. p. 460. Allosorus gracilis (Rup.), Bedd. &: B. . ¢. 73. Himalayas, Baltic, 9,000 feet, Kumaon, Champua, 10,000 feet, Kashmir, Pir Punjul, 11,000) feet 3) Karakorum 1 1,000—1 3,000 feet. (Also in Canada and North United States.) 2, PELLAA CONCOROR: (Langs and Fisch. under Pterts.) Stipes 6-9 inches long, naked, erect, wiry, brownish-black, po- lished, slightly scaly towards the base ;fronds 2—4 inches each way, deltoid, cut down nearly to the rachis into 3-4-pinnze on each N°52. side, of which the lowest pair is PELL@A CONCOLOR. (Lanes and Fisch.) much the largest, with the FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. IOI pinnules on the lower side much larger than the others, and deeply lobed with linear-oblong segments; rachis and costa dark coloured and polished like the stipe; texture herbaceous, lateral veins once forked; sori in broad marginal lines. Langs and Fisch. Uee7. 25. Pteris geraniifolia, Bedd. F. S. 7. ¢ 37. - Pellea geranii- folia, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 146. Western forests of the Madras Presidency, and in Ceylon up to 4,000 feet, very common. (Also in Tropical America, Polynesian Islands, North China, Cape Colony, and the Mascareen Islands.) _ 3. Petta#a TampBuru. (Hook.) Stipes 6-9 inches long, erect, naked, chestnut-brown, polished; fronds about 6 inches each way, subcoriaceous, whitened beneath, deltoid, with three principal lobes, the terminal one cut down nearly to the rachis into several broad opposite lanceolate segments, of which the upper ones are entire and the lower ones larger and sinuated ; lateral lobes with the segments on the upper side nearly entire, but those on the lower side prolonged and again deeply lobed, the largest entire divisions about 1 inch deep, = inch broad at the base; rachis polished ; indusium brownish, con- tinuous, but regularly crenated along the outer edge. Hook. Syn. Fil, p. 146; Sp. Fil. ii. 7, 129A. Tambur Valley, East Nepal. $$ Veins not perceptible ; indusium broad, conspicuous. 4. PELLHA NITIDULA. (Wall. under Pteris.) Caudex short- creeping, stout ; stipes 2-5 inches long, very numerous and crowded, hispid, with subulate deciduous chaffy dark brown scales, and as well as the rachis (which is downy on one side) ebeneous; fronds 3-4 or rarely 5 inches long, subdeltoid-oblong acuminate (sterile ones broader), coriaceous, shining beneath, glabrous, pinnate-pinnatifid, below subbipinnate ; pinnz approximate, nearly opposite, broad- lanceolate dimidiate (the inferior half broadest), deeply pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, lowest pair again subpinnate and the secondary pinnz pinnatifid ; lobes all oblong entire or sinuate, gradually coming to a sharp point, the lower base decurrent, the lowest inferior lobes 102 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. the longest ; involucres subintramarginal, continuous or here and there interrupted, broad, flat, membranaceous, brown, close-pressed, frequently lobed and crenated and transversely wrinkled. Wad. Cat. p. 89. Cheilanthes nitidula, Hook. Sp. Fil. ii. p. 112; Syn. Fal. p. 149. Bedd. F B. ft. 222. (The involucres are sometimes con- tinuous as in Pteris, sometimes interrupted and quite like Cheil- anthes.) Kashmir, 3,000—6,000 feet, frequent and plentiful to Chumba, scarce eastwards to Kumaon. 5. PELL#a sBolvint. (ook.) Stipes 4-8 inches long, erect, naked, black, polished, very brittle; fronds 6-9 inches long, 4—6 inches broad, deltoid to lanceolate, pinnate to tripinnate; pinnee erect-patent or spreading gradually smaller upwards; ultimate pin- nules broadly ovate in the more simple forms and linear-lanceolate in the more compound, cordate or rounded at the base, very coria- ceous, pale and dull beneath; both surfaces naked; veins sunk in the frond; sori in a continuous line round the segments; involucre membranous, 3a line broad. Hook. Syn. fil. p. 149. edd. F. S. f. t. 36 (under Pteris). Nilgiris, Sispara and on the ghat, 4,000-5,600 feet ; Anamallays, 4,000 feet, dry rocky places ; Travancore and Tinnevelly Mountains ; Ceylon. The Nilgiri and Anamallay plant is the more simple form (pinnate or bipinnate), as represented in the figure; the Travancore plant is much larger.and more compound, being tri- pinnate. (Also in Madagascar and the Mauritius.) §$§ Veins usually hidden ; industum so narrow as to be soon hidden by the sori. 6. PELL4:A FALCATA. (Zé.) Rhizome wide creeping ; stipes 3-6 inches long, strong, erect, more or less pubescent and scaly ; fronds 6-18 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, linear-oblong, simply pinnate; pinnge 10-20 on each side, nearly sessile, 3-1 inch long, 4-y inch broad, lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, usually mucronate, often slightly falcate, cuneate, or dilated and cordate at the base: AD CATION RLOINCRAS , is , { f ‘ 7 ‘ ee 8 ee (4oo/:.) PELLMA BOIVINI. 104. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. texture coriaceous; rachis densely scaly and tomentose, with surfaces nearly naked ; veins not visible; sori in broad marginal lines, soon hiding the narrow involucre. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 151. edd. F. S. f, ¢. 22 (under Platyloma). Nilgiris, Anamallays, and elsewhere on the Western mountains of the Madras Presidency, 2,000—4,000 feet elevation, Malay Penin- sula ; Ceylon, Telgamma. (Also in Australia and New Zealand.) 7, PELLHA CALOMELANOS. (Zznk.) Glabrous, caudex short, thick, very scaly ; fronds czespitose, subcoriaceous, oblong-triangular, bipinnate, pinnules all petiolulate, cordate- (rarely subhastate-) triangular, very obtuse, entire, sometimes subtrilobate or sinuate at the margin ; the sinus deep and narrow; ‘veins dichotomously radiated; sori con- tinuous ; involucres membranaceous; stipes short, scaly at the base, and as well as the slender rachises and petioles black-ebe- neous, very glossy. Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p. 140. Link. Fal. Hort. Berol. p. 61. Hook. PELL@A FALCATA. (4e.) Syn. Fil. p. 152. Pteris calomelanos, Base ol trond: IQUE, IB, Ibs he he BD N. W. Himalayas, below Almora, 4,000 feet, Tikri in Sirmow, 5,000-6,000 feet. (Also in Afcica, from Abyssinia to Cape of Good Hope.) GENUS XXVIII.—PTERIS. (Zzzz.) (From fzeryx, a wing ; the supposed likeness to wings in the branches of the common P¢eris aqguilina or Bracken.) Sori marginal, linear, continuous, occupying a slender filiform receptacle in the axis of the indusium; indusium the same shape as the sorus, usually membranous, at first quite covering it, at length more or less spreading. N°55. ‘h? / /} / if {i / i Lis ft /} AE LAITULE RCO EWGRAS (Z.) VTERIS LONGIFOLIA. 106 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. x. PTERIS LONGIFOLIA. (Z.) Stipe 6-12 inches long, stout, erect, pale, clothed more or less below with pale brown linear scales ; fronds 1-2 feet long, 4-9 inches broad, oblong-lanceolate, attenuated below ; pinne sessile, 20-30 on each side, 3-6 inches long, 4-2 inch broad, linear, entire, truncate or cordate or slightly auricled at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked or slightly scaly below or throughout; both surfaces naked ; veins close and fine, usually once- branched ; indusium membranous, yellowish-brown. Lzzu. Sp. FU. Sits) JED SW TUL Wh Us, SbGOL I SIG 1h, OR. Madras Presidency, in many localities; throughout Bengal in the plains and up to 5,000 feet; Ceylon; Birma. (Also widely distributed all round the world.) 2. PTERIS CRETICA. (Z.) Stipes 6-12 inches long, erect, wiry, naked, straw-coloured, polished ; fronds 6—12 inches long, 4-8 inches broad; lateral pinnz usually in 2-6 opposite sessile pairs, of which the upper one is sometimes a little decurrent, 3-6 inches long 4-2 inch broad, the sterile ones generally the broadest, spinulose-serrated, the lowest or even 1-4 other pairs often cleft down nearly to the base into 2-3 linear pinnules; margins, where barren, spinulose- serrate ; rachis and both surfaces naked; texture coriaceous ; veins fine, close, parallel or wide apart in the narrow-segmented forms, simple or once-forked ; involucre membranous. Lzun. Mant. p. 130. WACO SVL Hl PLAN COLA S.0) te BO. Madras Presidency, very common from sea-level up to 8,000 feet; Bengal Presidency, very general up to 9,000 feet; Ceylon; Birma. (Also widely distributed in Africa, Tropical America, South Europe, and elsewhere.) Var. 6 HETEROMORPHA. Pinne abnormally pinnatifid. Pteris heteromorpha, Hook. Syn. Fil. p.156. edd. #. B. J. ¢. 89. This is, I think, only a variety of cretica, not a distinct species. Birma. (Also in the Philippine Islands.) 3. PTERIS PELLUCIDA. (fves/.) Stipes 1 foot or more long, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 107 erect, naked ; fronds 12-18 inches long, ovate-lanceolate, pinnate ; pinne acute, sometimes many, sometimes 7, 5, 3, or 1, all simple, or the lowest pair 2-fid, often 1 inch broad or rather more; margins where barren, entire, undulate, crisped or crenulate ; rachis naked ; texture coriaceous, surfaces bright green often glossy; veins fine close, simple or forked at right angles from the midrib ; indusium membranous. Pres/. Rel. Henk. 55. Hook. Syn. Fil. p.154. Clarke, weve. Abe. Bedd. FS. f. t.. 38> Plains and hills of Bengal up to 3,000 feet elevation, Western forests of Madras Presidency ; Birma. (Also in Malay Islands, and Guinea Coast.) Var. 6 STENOPHYLLA. Pinne 3-4 or sometimes 2-1 subdigitate, fertile pinne very long and narrow. Hook. and Grev. Lc. Fil. t. 130. Gurwhal and Nepal, 3,000-4,000 feet. 4. Preris HooKERIANA. (Agardh.) Stipes 6-12 inches long, naked, erect, pale ; fronds coriaceous, opaque, pinnate or bipinnate, g-12 inches long, 6-9 inches broad, with 2-6 pairs of sessile or stalked alternate or opposite entire pinnze, the largest of which is about 6 inches long, {-1¢ inch broad, the 2-4 lower pairs more or less pinnatifid; rachis and both surfaces naked; veins about 1 line apart at the base, simple or once-forked, conspicuous above, but scarcely visible beneath ; sori slightly intermarginal; indusium Mamow.. 11002. Sy. Fil. p. 155. Bead. FS. 1. 7. 40; Ceylon, Adam’s Peak, about 2,000 feet elevation,and the Southern provinces at low elevations. 5. PTERIS DACTYLINA.. (ook.) Stipes 6-9 inches long, slender, wiry, naked ; fronds digitate, coriaceous, consisting of 3-7 (usually 5) linear glabrous pinnz, 2—6 inches long by 13-2 lines broad, the barren margins serrate; veins wide apart, thick and conspicuous, simple or forked; indusium broad. Zook. Syn. Ll. Ete LGN. Ls L, fe 23: Khasya, 4,200 feet elevation ; Sikkim. 6. Preris ENSIFORMIS. (Burm.) Stipes up to ro inches long, 108 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. naked; fronds subcoriaceous, more or less dimorphous, up to 12 inches long by 3-6 inches broad, fertile ones with a long terminal pinna, and 2~4 pairs of lateral ones which are simple, forked, trifid or even more compound, the lateral lobes being pinnatifid, the seg- ments very narrow, + inch or less broad, entire; sterile fronds gene- rally smaller, more compound, the lateral pinne being pinnate, sharply toothed, and much broader than in the fertile ; veins forked or simple, diverging at about two-thirds of a right angle from the midrib, very close together. Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 230. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 155. Pteris crenata (Sw.), Bedd. Hts Ss By Bis Malabar, rare; Hills of Vizagapa- tam district, common; plains of East Bengal, Bhotan to Chittagong; Ceylon ; Birma ; and Malay Peninsula. (Also in Tropical Australia, China, and Polynesia.) Var. 6 GREVILLEANA. Margin of the frond, where barren, with some spinulose teeth, lowest pinnze in the barren frond often pinnate, the seg- ments or pinnules acute. Clarke, F. N.TI. p. 464. This was included under cretica inthe Kew Herbarium, but Mr. Clarke has referred it here on account of the venation, and much divided Jower pinnze; it has more the habit of cretica, I think, than of ensiformis. Sylhet, Mishmee, Khasya, Chittagong Hills. PTERIS DACTYLINA. (Hooh.) 7. Preris GrirFiTHu. (Hook.) A foot and more ‘high, slender graceful; caudex none; roots of tufted fibres; frond ovate- lanceolate, submembranaceous pinnate, upper pinne simple, 2 or 3 of the lower pairs again pinnated simple; pinnz and pinnules exactly linear, 3-14 inch long, obtuse, mostly opposite, everywhere FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 109 entire sessile, with the base adnate and decurrent, so as to form a narrow wing to the rachis; lowest pinnules of the inferior pinne sometimes again divided, terminal pinnule always elongated ; veins distant, once-forked, veinlets di- yaricating; sori continuous, in- volucres sub-intramarginal, mem- branaceous, not reaching to the apex; stipes slender, longer than the fronds, stramineous- brown and a little scaly at the base. Hook. Sp. Fil. ii. p. 170, pene cde. Ff, B. J. ¢. 24; Mishmee. 8. PTERIS SEMIPINNATA. (Z.) Stipes strong, erect, dark brown, polished, hispid at the base, and then furnished with linear scales ; fronds 12-18 inches long, 6-9 inches broad, ovate-lanceolate, the upper part cut down nearly to the rachis into numerous close entire linear lobes, the largest of which are 13-3 inches long, 34 inch broad, the lower two- thirds with 6-8 pairs of opposite distantly placed pinnz, with long linear entire points and a broad SG Ve, YG CS SQ DP Zs EE eee SESS hs =) Wes ss vs Yes cS Ss law, — Se iy = TEN SSS NS Noes 7, PTERIS GRIFFITHIL, (ZZook.) entire wing on the upper side of the rachis, the lower side with several linear pinnules 1—2 inches long, + inch broad ; texture scarcely coria- ceous ; barren segment finely serrated ; rachis and surfaces naked ; veins simple or once-forked, 4+ inch apart at the base; involucre membranous. Gass, it. ts 34. look Syn. Fil. p. 157. Linn. Sp. F1.1534. Bead. 1IO FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. East Bengal, Assam to Chittagong, up to 1,000 feet ; Travancore Hills ; Birma. (Also in Malay Islands, China, and Japan.) In Indian examples the pinne are always semipinnate, but in Chinese and Japanese forms the Bppe margin of the pinne is also pinnatifid. g. Preris DaLHousi®. (fock.) Stipes strong, erect, about 1 foot high, polished, naked ; fronds 2—3 feet long, 12-18 inches broad, 3-4 pinnatifid ; upper pinnee linear, unbranched decurrent down to the next pair, lower ones sometimes 1 foot long, deltoid ; pinnules with simple or branched linear segments, the longest undivided ones 6 inches long, 4-2 inch broad, those of the pinnee with usually about 1 inch between them; the margins very slightly serrated ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; veins fine, simple, or once-forked ; indusium narrow-membranous. Zook. Syn. LDP ios Wisin Metal, SES Jax, She ih, WO). Penang. PTERIS SEMIPINNATA. (Z.) ro. PTERIS QUADRIAURITA. (fefz.) Stipe glabrous or scabrid; fronds very variable in size and texture, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, with 3-11 subopposite pairs of pinnz ; in the typical form all except the lowest pair are narrowly oblong acuminate or caudate, and cut down nearly to the rachis into many uniform segments, which are obtuse or acute entire or serrated, and the lowest pair bipartite ; but in some forms several or nearly all the pinnze are bipartite, and the lowest or two lower pairs have several pinnze descending from the lower side, and in one form the lowest pair is completely bipinnate with five pinne on each side of the rachis; veins conspicuous, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. iti usually once-forked ; lowest veins reaching the margin above the sinus when very deeply cut, at the sinus when less deeply cut; sori gene- rally partial on the segments, rarely continued to the apex. Refs. Giryise. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 158. Bedd. FS. Jt. 31. Throughout India, Ceylon, and the Malay Peninsula, from the plains up to 8,000 feet, very common. (Also all round the world throughout the tropics and a little beyond them.) The following varieties are tolerably constant even in cultivation : Var. 6 ARGENTEA. Like the type, but with broad white bands down the centre of the pinnee. Nilgiris and Western mountains of the Madras Presidency only at high altitudes ; much in cultivation even in England. VAR. y ASPERICAULIS. Rachis and nerves red; stipe and rachis asperous, generally very ngid, coriaceous, and shining. (Often called rubro-nerva.) Wynaad, Coorg, and elsewhere on the western side of Madras Presidency, 3,000—4,000 feet elevation. VaR. 6 SETIGERA. Rachises and costules setigerous, very membranaceous in texture, nearly all the pinne bipartite, the lowest pair with sometimes several pinnze descending along the lower side. ead. te BD. 1, t, 202. Coorg and Malabar : Moulmein on limestone rocks. VAR. € LUDENS. Pinnules very abnormally cut, sometimes only with a waved margin for the greater length, then developing normal segments, then again narrowing into only the waved margin. Bedd. FS. I. tabs. 41 and 219 (under Otaria. ) Malabar, Quilon ; Ceylon. Mr. Clarke gives the following varieties for Northern India : VAR. ¢ KHASIANA, The lowest pinnze with 5 secondary pinnz T12 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. on each side of the rachis (¢. e. completely bipinnate), those of the upper margin little smaller than those of the lower. Khasya, 3,000 feet elevation. Mr. Clarke says it graduates into the type. Var. 7 BLuMEANA. Lateral pinne with 50-60 segments, which are I inch long by # inch broad, equally wide throughout or broader at apex, not falcate, obtuse, rounded, entire or crenulate at the barren ‘oe. A yeny lees iain Clii722, J7, IN, IL BS. Chittagong ; Tenasserim ; Singapore. Much the habit of longipinnula. VaR. @ SUBINDIVISA. (Sf. Clarke.) Small, with only 3 pinne, terminal one 6 inches long, with many segments, lateral pair hardly longer than the segments of the terminal pinna, or subobsolete. Bhotan, Sikkim bed of the Teesta, 1,000 feet elevation. Mr. Clarke bas constituted this a species in his work on the “Ferns of Northern India,” but he now agrees that it is only a variety of quadriaurita. Clarke, F. WN. J. ¢. 56. (Mr. Clarke’s variety major has arched veins and is Campteria biaurita.) 11. PYERIS GREVILLEANA. (Wadl.) Dimorphic, barren stipe shorter, winged towards the apex; barren frond pedately 5-fid, scarcely pinnate, margin spinulose-serrate; fertile frond with 5 pinne, the lower pair bipartite, veins exceedingly obscure. JVall. Cat. 2,680. Agardh, Recens. Gen. Pier. 23. Clarke, t. 54. Sylhet, Cachar, Shapoor. Suspiciously like gquadriaurita, except that the fronds are dimorphic. Mr. Clarke thinks tt ts more nearly allied to enstformis. 12. PTERIS LONGIPINNULA. (Wail.) Stipes erect, naked, 2-3 feet ; fronds up to 3 feet long, and 18 inches broad, pinnate; pinne about 5 pairs, large, rather distant, deeply pinnatifid, segments entire, blunt, falcate, not distant, 14-24 inches long, {-% inch broad, apex usually barren, crenate, or subentire, the lowest pair undivided, or rarely bi-partite ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; Fe DIL TEES . INX Y BT ae ee A. PEM CALS (/Zook:.) PrERIS PATENS. 114 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. veins once forked; sori continuous nearly to the apex of the seg- meas, YZOWe, SWits Vee ioe ils Saaileh TAS, VE te Ae Sikkim ; Khasya; Cachar; Sylhet up to 3,000 feet elevation ; Travancore and Tinnevelly Mountains; Malay Peninsula. (Also in the Malay Islands.) 13. PTERIS EXCELSA. (Gaud.) Fronds ample, 5-6 feet long, submembranaceous, light green, pinnate; pinne large, remote, 6 inches to a foot long, numerous, ovate-lanceolate caudate sessile, lower ones long-petiolate, lowest pair of pinnze entire, or sometimes bipartite, all deeply pinnatifid nearly to the costa; segments (2-4 inches long) from a broad base, linear-lanceolate obtuse serrated subfalcate, lower base decurrent, veins free, forked at or near the middle or 3-4 branched; very rarely a few veinlets anastomose; in- volucres continuous from the base almost to the apex, rather broad; stipes very stout and flexuose; rachises bright castaneous glossy. Lflook. Sp. Fil. 1. 183. Gaud. in Fréyc. Voy. Bot. p. 338. Beda. JE, 10h, Shy he Brier Kumaon, Gurwhal; Dalhousie, 4,o00-8,o00 feet elevation ; Sikkim, 8,o00-9,000 feet; Nynee Tal. (Also in the Sandwich Islands.) 14. PTERIS PATENS. (/Zook.) Caudex erect; stipes numerous, stout, scaly at their base, rachis stout, glabrous; fronds ample, erect, strict, membranaceous, pinnate; lower pinneze bi-tripartite; pinne 8-16 inches long, strict horizontally patent, numerous approximate, elongate-oblong, acuminate, rarely subcaudate, sessile or lower ones shortly petiolate, deeply (almost to the rachis) pinnatifid; segments horizontal, very uniform, linear, scarcely acuminate, serrulate where sterile, the base dilated decurrently-confluent on both sides, especially at the lower base, sometimes apart; veins all free, simple or once or twice forked ; sori continuous nearly to the apex. Hook. Syn. Ti, W. £77. bedd. FS. Lt 205. +Campteria patensspaaced ffook. Syn. Fil. p. 165. (The supposed narrow costal arches are only a wing to the rachis.) Madras Presidency, Carcoor ghat, Wynaad and Travancore Hills, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 115 2,000—2,500 feet elevation; Ceylon, Dodawilla, Matele and Moo- roowa forests, above 2,000 feet elevation. (Also in Borneo, Philippines and Society Islands.) 15. PTERIS LONGIPES. (Yoz.) Fronds membranaceous, furnished above with a few subulate scales on the rachis of the pinne, and with hairs on the rachis of the segments, ternately divided, or subpedately divided into 5—7 segments, lateral divisions multipinnate; pinnze short, petiolate or subsessile lanceolate acuminate, deeply pinnatifid to the apex, or with the apex long caudate, segments oblong obtuse subtruncate, serrated at the sterile portions of the apex; sori lateral on the segments, never extending to the apex or base ; veins rather remote, all forked, basal ones arising from the axil of the costule, and extending to the margin much above the sinus. G. Doz. Prod. fl, Nep. 15. Pteris pellucens, Agardh, Sp. Gen. Pier. 43. Hook. Sp. Fil. i. 191. Bedd. FS. J. ¢. 32. (South Indian examples are always ternately divided, but those from N. India have often 5, rarely 7, pinnz.) All the western hills of the Madras Presidency, 2,000-5,000 feet elevation; Ceylon; Birma; Sikkim, Bhotan; and Khasya 1,000-5,000 feet elevation. (Also Guinea coast and Guatemala.) § Stipes distant from a long creeping rhizome, industum double. (Genus Pesia and Ornithopteris of authors.) 16. Preris aquitina. (Z.) Rhizome stout, creeping under- ground; stipes about 1 foot long, strong, erect, naked ; fronds 2-6 feet long, 1-2 feet broad, subdeltoid in outline, only the uppermost pinnze simple, the next lanceolate cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into short triangular or linear pinnules, the lowest long-stalked, 1 foot or more long, with ample lanceolate pinnules which are cut down to the rachis into numerous lanceolate segments, which are again fully pinnate ; largest entire ultimate segments 1 inch long, 2 lines broad ; texture thin or subcoriaceous; rachis andsurfaces naked or pubescent; veins close, conspicuous, often twice forked ; involucre double, or the 116 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. inner obsolete. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 163. Linn. Sp. pl. 1533. Bedd. SRS, Mets DO Throughout India, Ceylon, and the Malay Peninsula on the mountains, 2,000-8,000 feet elevation. (Also throughout the whole world, except the Arctic zones’ and temperate South America.) VaR. [3 ESCULENTA. Ultimate segments distant, linear and elon- gated. Moulmein and the Malay Peninsula southwards. GENUS XXIX.—CAMPTERIA. (Presh) (Kamptos, arched ; the lowest veins meeting and forming an arch.) As in Pteris, but the lowest veinlets from the base of the vein or costule of each segment united with the veinlet from the next costule, and forming long arches along the costa of the pinnez ; upper veinlets free. 1. CAMPTERIA BIAURITA. (Linn. under Pteris.) Quite similar to Pteris quadriaurita, except that the costules of the segments are connected by a long arching veinlet ; the pinne are generally less deeply divided, and the plant is generally larger and coarser, but these two latter differences cannot be relied on. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1534, under Pteris. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 164. Bedd. FS. Tf. t. 44. Western parts of Madras Presidency up to 6,000 feet; not common. Pretty general throughout Northern India from the plains up to 6,000 feet. Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. (Also in Malay Islands, China, tropical Africa, and Australia.) 2. CAMPTERIA KLEINIANA. (Pves/.) 4-6 feet high; fronds very large, sub-membranaceous, pedately ovate, pinnate; pinnze sub-sessile lanceolate with a long acumination; lowest pair with two large pinnz descending from the lower margin of the costa; all the pinnz deeply pinnatifid (leaving a broad margin on each side of the costa); segments falcate oblong, sterile ones broadly crenated, and fertile ones SST > yee 5 SEED DLE X RA BONY h _—— 3 SI a we 2 7 oN > = Ny ) ,, Bre x } AY Sie RONG a ue MINNA RD NAY) YS wn ih Hin in OY Si uN MY, ‘is NS US USN : PP) KP Y | WYNZS —% Wie eng is N } Na Ee \" NU Y, I ait AAS | 20% Ny D> . SAA) eS ao zy ‘ = A ) aD f mK i \ wi MTS 2 = Vioy DAA SAS NAMM ETN SAY, | ZW. AAG AT MN Zest [D LORIN SAAN | SGD OOOOS Be Riki | TE Sy oe | z= Nef Aw . QD Hh 4S By ADP on | Py OS eR | Wt SNS t ES QT = = = . Wes te Ke ; if Vito” ser ae Hf AIS ~ Wi A; gas fH) Sal HN US G i ty Da Pee. anit ~ secre , = Se 1 Ss SS S AGCATTELIACIENG ae owl ae Mat P| PHEGOPTERIS AURICULATA (/VulZ.) 292 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. stipe with large lanceolate yellowish-brown scales near the base fronds 6-9 inches long by 4-6 inches broad, subdeltoid, lowest pinnz as long or nearly as long as any above them, main rachis beneath, with small ovate scales, pinnee 3-3 inch broad, cut down nearly to the main rachis, lobes oblong blunt or scarcely acute, entire or slightly crenate, 14-2 lines broad, more or less pilose on both sides ; veinlets 6-8 on a side, the lower ones forked ; sori nearer the margin than the midrib. JAfett. Fil. Hort. Lips. 83. Polypodium Phegopteris, Fook. Syn. Fil. 308. Clarke, F. NV. I. 544. Cashmir, above Sonamurg, 11,000 feet elevation. (Also in North Europe, Asia, and America; Caucasus and Japan.) 5. PHEGOPTERIS DISTANS. (Don. under Polypodium.) Stipe tufted, squamose near the base up to 2 feet long, yellowish or dark purplish-brown, glossy ; fronds up to about 3 feet long, the lower pinnze generally reduced and distant, sometimes not at all reduced, pinne 6-8 inches long, 13 inch broad, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into deeply pinnatifid pinnules ¢ inch broad, with blunt or acute toothed or subentire lobes, the base dilated, texture herbaceous, rachis villous or rarely glabrous, undersurface a little hairy; veinlets pinnate in the ultimate lobes, pellucid ; sori generally on the lower veinlets below the apex, or rarely apical, the veinlet not being continued beyond the sorus. Polypodium, Dox. Frod, Hl. Nep. 2. Polypodium paludosum (L2.), Bedd. FS. Z. ¢. 168. P. Griffith, Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 236. BP. longipes, Wad. Cat. 316. P. adnatum, Wall. Cat. 328. P. brunneum, Wall. Cat. 333. This variety “adnata,” Clarke, & WV. J. p. 544 (which is Lastrea microstegia, Hook. Sp. fil. iv. 119 and Bedd. F, B. I. ¢. 39) only differs in being a little more compound and generally bipinnate, but it runs into the type. Var. “glabrata” of Clarke only differs in being somewhat more glabrous. Var. “ minor” of Clarke is a smaller, less cut form, pinnee only 1~2 inches long, pinnatifid only one-third down, but it runs into the type. North India, from Kashmir to Bhotan, 3,000-8,000 feet elevation, very common ; Khasya, 3,000-5,000 ; South India, on the Western FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 293 mountains, 5,000-8,000 feet, very abundant; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. | 6. PHEGOPTERIS RUFESCENS. (Blume, under Polypodium.) Caudex creeping, furnished with appressed scales and wiry roots, stipe 8-16 inches long and together with the main and partial rachises slightly asperous ; fronds 12-18 inches long by 9-12 inches broad, subdeltoid, subcoriaceous, puberulous beneath, with minute yellow hairs, bi-tripinnatifid, ze lower pair of pinne often bipinnatifid, upper ones pinnatifid, pinnules oblong obtuse, spinulose-ser- rate; veins pinnate, 3-4 ona side, veinlets simple or forked, reaching to the margin; sori medial on the veinlets. Poly- podium, B/. fi7. Jav. p. 194, ¢. 91. Hook. Sp. Fil.iv.257. Syn. ¥7, 300. Bedd. FS. I. ¢. 236. Ceylon, central provinces, 3,000-5,000 feet elevation. (Also in Java, New Cale- donia and Queensland.) 7. PHEGOPTERIS DRyop- TERIS. (Linn. under Poly- podium.) Rhizome creeping ; stipe with lanceolate subulate scales near the base; fronds 3-8 inches long and broad, deltoid, 3-pinnate, thin green, nearly glabrous, often glandulose, lower pinnze largest, pinnules lanceolate, only the lowest free, oblong slightly crenate, texture thin herbaceous, rachis glabrous ; veins pinnate in the lobes, veinlets forked or simple ; sori submarginal a little below the apex of the veinlet. Polypodium Dryopteris, Zinn. Sp. Pl. 1555. Hook. Syn. Fil. 309. Bedd. FF. B. 1. 4.74. Polypodium Robertianum, Afilde, fil. Lur. 99. PHEGOPTERIS RUFESCENS. (ABiuze.) 204 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Kashmir, 7,000-11,000 feet elevation, and eastwards to Kumaon. (Aiso in Arctic and Alpine Europe, Asia and America.) 8. PHEGOPTERIS ORNATA. (JVall. under Polypodium.) Caudex erect ; stipe, main and partial rachises with lanceolate-linear scales and muricate or scabrous from their persistent bases, not pilose, viscous or glaucous ; fronds very large up to 15-20 feet long, tripinnate, except that there is a very regular wing to the rachis, pinnee generally 2 feet or more long and about 1 foot broad, secondary pinnze 1-2 inches broad, a) b S > i G Gy p = Ze ONS . AN sini RK Rs ayy ae ij iss AD MW RN ORK RAW ET /| OH, ee | N°152. - PHEGOPTERIS DRYOPTERIS. (Zin72.) | PHEGOPTERIS ORNATA. (#Va//.) thei: rachis also scabrous and scaly and furnished with long white needle-like hairs, tertiary pinnules up to + inch broad, linear-oblong from a sessile square base, resting on the wing of the tertiary rachis, rather distant from each other, acute or blunt at the apex, deeply often nearly to the costa pinnatifid, the costa and often the veins furnished with needle-like hairs, texture thin herbaceous ; veinlets simple or forked’; "sori medial. - Wall. ‘Caz. 32%. Bedd, FS. eee Lastrea tenericaulis, Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. t. 269, not the description which FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 205 partly refers to Lastrea tenericaulis. Phegopteris pallida (Brack.\, Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 266. Himalayas, from Kumaon to Bhotan, in tropical valleys up to 2,000 feet elevation, common in Chittagong Hills, 500 feet elevation ; South India, Carecor ghat, Malabar and elsewhere along the Western ghats, but not common; Malay Peninsula. One of the handsomest of Indian ferns, and much in cultivation, it may be a Lastrea (if Phegopteris is to be kept distinct from that genus, the propriety of which I doubt), but no one has yet detected an indusium, in any case it is quite distinct from Lastrea tenericaulis. (Also in North Australia and Polynesia.) 9g. PHEGOPTERIS PuNCTATA. (Zhunb. under Polypodium.) Rhizome firm, wide-creeping, villous ; stipes scattered 1-2 feet long and with the lower part of the main rachis more or less viscous- pubescent ; fronds 1-4 feet long, tripinnate, pinnz up to about 2 feet long, lanceolate to deltoid, secondary pinnz 4-6 inches long, tertiary pinnee sessile on the rachis, which is not winged, blunt at the apex, and pinnated two-thirds down into short rounded crenated lobes, more or less furnished on both sides with scurfy hair-like scales, the margins often somewhat reflexed, as in Hypolepis ; sori copious towards the apex of the veinlets and near the margin. Thunb. #1. Jap. 337. Phegopteris punctata, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 312. Polypodium rugulosum, Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 272. Bedd. F. S. Lt. 170. Polyp. rugulosum, Zadzll. Hl. Nov. fol. ii. 92 ¢. 241. Hypo- lepis hostilis, Pres/. (as to the Nilgiri plant.) Himalayas, from Chumba to Bhotan and Chittagong, 1,000- 5,000 feet elevation; South India, common on the Western moun- tains at the higher elevations; Ceylon, about Newera Elya; Malay Peninsula. (Also almost throughout the tropics and south temperate zone, extending to Japan, New Zealand, St. Helena, and Chili; not from continental Africa.) 10 PHEGOPTERIS SUBDIGITATA. (Llime, ander Folytcdi.m.) Stipes tufted, firm, continuous with the rachis, furfuracecus, or 296 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. nearly naked ; fronds very large, 3 feet or more long, broad lanceolate to deltoid, 3-4 pinnate, the rachis furfuraceous, pinnze 8—1o inches long, often with clusters of viviparous buds in their axils, secondary pinne petiolate about 2 inches long; tertiary pinnze petiolate g—} inch long, pinnatifid, and generally pinnate at the base, the lower lobes incised, the upper ones generally entire, texture thin membranaceous, drying quite green, glabrous; veinlets forked or simple, pellucid, termin- ating well within the margin and clavate at the apex ; sori small below the apex of the veinlet. Polypodium subdigitatum, £7 #7. Jaz. Pilweooit. 93> Beda. Ff. Bo Lf. ¢.:220. Hook) Syn. Lil pane: Phegopteris davallioides (Mett.), Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 256. Polypodium coniifolium, Wall. Cat. 326. Himalayas, from Nepal to Bhotan, 6,000-9,000 feet elevation, common; Malay Peninsula. (Also in the Malay Islands.) GENUS. LVIII—GONIOPTERIS. (fves/.) (Gonia, angle ; preris, fern—the veinlets meeting and forming angles.) Habit and venation of Nephrodium, 7.2, veins pinnate, the lowest or several pairs of veinlets of contiguous groups anastomosing at an angle from which proceeds an excurrent veinlet ; stipes con- tinuous with the rhizome ; fronds pinnate, in fact, all the characters as in Nephrodium, except that there is no indusium to the sorus. All the supposed Indian species except the following have been proved to possess an indusium in a young stage or under certain conditions, so that they have been transferred to Nephrodium, the following species deviates somewhat from the habit of Nephrodium in its elongated proliferous non-seeding fronds, and in being often copiously branched from the axils, the sori are often those of Menis- cium rather than Goniopteris. 1. GONIOPTERIS PROLIFERA. (/foxd.) Rhizome stout, wide- creeping; fronds 1-2 feet long, pinnate, often flagelliform and much elongated but then non-seeding, with pinnz more or less dwarfed and rooting from the apex or some of its axils, often also N° 153. qy D IN GVO AS (Aa SUDHA NINSR Soe oo Ai ¥ We ATS sii. ayes ea YRA PLZ) SS Se ANE A A A RNS Se SELIM YS TT LLLP Pa a cS >, ih SSO ATs It _ SDN “ iy li IOS i A Ant) Ob, SN | ce Ra, So) ey le A TS \ ~ T/ PS NGi ecg Dp. SASHES SUN ANS SIS & : ans ORT = Bene \ cea, Pacis WY AON i ae SR hi ARS ‘ GAA) NY ER ; Ne Teme Y ¥ TTT Cu (eis an ? OP, da ith OG INR 4 AR CATTON Ce wont GONIOPTERIS PROLIFERA. (Woxd.) 298 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. branched by complete pinnate fronds springing from the axils of the pinne, pinne generally 4-6 inches long, 4-2 inch broad, the margin bluntly lobed or crenated, the apex blunt or acute, texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous, rachis and under side glabrous or slightly pubescent ; veinlets fine, 6-10 on a side; sori medial, puncti- form oblong or even linear and often confluentin age. Roxb. Wall. Cat. 312, 1 Cale. Fourn. Nat. Fist. wv. 480. ¢. 32. Hook) Syn. 0a. 315. edd. FS. . ¢.172. Meniscium, Swarts. Throughout the Indian region generally on banks of rivers and ditches in the plains or low down on the hills. (Also in North Australia, Tropical and South Africa and its Islands ; Philippines ; New Caledonia ; South China.) GENUS LIX.—DICTYOPTERIS. (P7es/.). (Diktyon, a net ; preris, fern—the veins netted.) Habit and venation of Aspidium, z.e., veins copiously anasto- mosing wit hor without free included veinlets, only differing from Aspidium in wanting an indusium. t. DicryopTeRis BARBERI. (//ook.) Stipes tufted, 6-12 inches long, slightly scaly at the base; fronds palmately 5-lobed or more usually pinnate with a large terminal segment and 1-4 pairs of pinne, the upper ones oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 inches long, 1 inch broad, nearly entire, the lowest pair with a deep lanceolate lobe at the base on the lower side, texture subcoriaceous, both sides naked; areoles rather large and regular, with copious free veinlets ; sori copious, principally in two rows near the main veins, dorsal or terminal on a vein or veinlet. 700k. (Sp. v. p. 100. “Syn. Ll. 3172 a heda. 1B, J85 Ik th BOM Malacca. (Also in the Malay Islands.) 2. DICTYOPTERIS TENERIFRONS. (/ook.) Caudex small, creep- ing underground, scaleless with very few radicles, stipes few, remote, sparse scales partly subterraneous, attached to the caudex by a small point; fronds thin, membranaceous pale-green, glabrous, subpuber- ulous on the veins, 6—9 inches long, quite as broad as long, cordate- deltoid, subternate or pinnated with 3-9 subfalcate pinne, lateral ones nearly opposite, petiolate, lowest pair half ovate, acuminate, 4—6 inches long, lobate-pinnatifid, those of the superior margin with broad ovate nearly equal subdenticulate blunt lobes, the inferior ones much elongated and acuminated, the basal ones again lobate pinnatifid, intermediate pinnze ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid, terminal pinna long petiolate, broad-ovate acuminate, deeply pinnatifid especially at the base; veinlets uniformly reticulated, areoles with no included free veinlets, costular areoles large ; sori rather irregularly scattered, dorsal or compital. Aook. Sp. Fil. v. 104. BaF, B. 7. 7. 4. Moulmein ; very like small specimens of Aspidium cicatarium in habit and outline, but there are no free veins, and the sori are more scattered and _ larger, and show no signs of an in- dusium, DICTYOPTERIS BARBERI. (Look) 3. DicrYopTERIS CHATTAGRAMICA. (Clarke.) Rhizome short, stout ; stipes 10-12 inches long, tufted, long, black with small scales near the base; fronds deltoid, distinctly dimorphic, pinnate below, pinnatifid upwards about 1o-12 inches long by 6-7 inches broad, lower pinnz deltoid with the lower basal lobes much enlarged, mar- gins pinnatifid, surfaces pubescent, the margin with minute golden multicellular hairs; sori naked, medial or terminal on the veins. Clarke, F. N. I. p. 548, ¢. 81. Chittagong at no elevation, very general. 300 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 4. DICTYOPTERIS DIFFORMIS. (B/. under Polypodium.) Caudex stout ascending, stipes tufted, 4 inches to 13 foot in length, black setaceous-paleaceous at the base ; fronds subcoriaceous, minutely pel- lucid-punctulate glabrous, often subglaucous beneath, pinnate with very numerous pinne, from 6 inches to a foot long, 1-3 inches wide, more or less petiolate, broad-oblong, acuminated, the lowest pair half-ovate, unequally bipartite, lowest segments deflexed and some- times free, and 5-6 inches long, all of them more or less deeply lobed, SES to within one-third of the costa, the lobes oblong, acute, or © =, acuminate entire or sinuate- lobate, terminal pinna petiolate pinnatifid, costule one to each lobe, the veins anastomose copiously, forming elongated areoles, which are longest near the coste and costules, areoles frequently including a free veinlet; sori dorsal or com- pital, or rarely terminal on the free veins, copious but rarely approaching the costa. Poly- podium difforme, 4/7. i. Fav. 135. Hook. Syn. Fil. 318. Dictyopteris irregularis (Z7esl.); Fook. (Sp: faave fot. ) D2 fil, javenonnae i2. Bedd. 5: eee Polypodium confluens, Wall. Cat. 325. The Malay Peninsula, Tenasserim, Malacca. (Also in the Malay Islands.) DICTYOPTERIS CHATTAGRAMICA, (Clarke.) 5. DICTYOPTERIS POLYCARPA. (ett. under Phegopteris.) Stipe 6 inches long, reddish yellow, slightly pilose upwards ; frond deltoid bipinnatifid, 6-15 inches long, pinnze 6 pairs, lowest largest deltoid unequal sided, stalked tripartite, central ligulate acuminate crenate, 5, N°156. RRR AN aU Nod ies Gees Ay i aN = > NW ] \ ~ | } Vv / Rn SY} a ky > } H | S.CATTELLECOENGPAE. oe oe SINS ee 2 DICTYOPTERIS DIFFORMIS. (&2,) 302 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. texture membranaceous, surfaces glabrous ; main veins distinct to margin; areoles with free included veinlets ; sori copiously scattered, terminal or compital. JZett. Kuhn. Lin. 36, p. 124. Laker, Hook. Syn. Fil. 506. Malacca. 6. DICTYOPTERIS HETEROSORA. (aker.) Stipe short brown, with spreading linear scales ; fronds oblong-spathulate, 2-3 feet long, simply pinnatifid, the lowest foot only a narrow wing to the rachis, above this 3-4 pairs of distant oblong-lanceolate acuminate pinne, 14—2 inches broad at middle, confluent in a narrow wing, the lowest simple or bipartite, texture thin but firm, surfaces glabrous, ribs naked brownish ; main veins distinct to edge, 3-4 lines apart with distinct arches between them, and copious small areoles with free included veinlets ; sori very abundant, small irregular, oftenconfluent. Laker, Hook. Syn. Fil. 506. Malacca, (habit of Aspidium vastum. ) ** Fremobryoid series. Stems articulated at the point of junction with the rhizome ; sort generally, not always, terminal on the veins. GENUS LX.—POLYPODIUM. (Zznz.) (Polys, many ; fous, foot ; polypus,—the rhizome when destitute of fronds, having the appearance of some kinds of sea polypus.) Veins all free; sori naked, generally punctiform, round, rarely oblong, generally terminal on the veinlets, or more rarely below the apex; fronds simple or pinnatifid or rarely pinnate or more compound. * Fronds entire. 1. POLYPODIUM PARASITICUM. (A@e¢t.) Rhizome erect, rarely creeping ; stipes tufted, subsessile, hairy or fuscous, fronds 2-3 inches long, ¢—-g inch broad (rarely more), narrow linear (rarely abnormally pinnatifid), blunt at the apex, gradually narrowed at the FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 303 base, the margin entire or slightly undulated, texture herbaceous to subcoriaceous, both sides more or less clothed with long hairs; veins more or less immersed, forked ; sori often mixed with copious hairs, round or linear, at the apex of the superior veinlet forming a single row on each side of the costa. ook, Syn. Fil. p. 319. Bedd. wesw 105. P. mediale (Bakery); Hook. Syn. Fal. p. 507: South India, common on the Nilgiris and other Western moun- tains at the highest elevations ; Ceylon. (This includes P. mediale of Baker, the sori often being linear and globose on different fronds of the same plant, as in my figure quoted above). Mr. Wall sends some specimens from Ceylon With a creeping root, but I never saw it creep- ing in the Nilgiri plant. 2. POLYPODIUM SUBEVENOSUM. (Baker.) Stipes tufted, very short, black wiry ; fronds 3-4 inches long, 4 inch broad, ligulate, the point bluntish, the lower part narrowed very gradually, the edge slightly repand, texture subcoriaceous, colour bright green, the rachis black, slightly fur- N°{57 furaceous below ; veins POLYPODIUM PARASITICUM. (JZetz.) ¥ ist 2 Pte Kad - simple, very short and indistinct ; sori round, tending slightly to- wards oblong, in a long row on each side close to the midrib. ook. Syn. Fil. p. 320. Bedd. F. B.T. t. 323. Penang. 3- POLYPODIUM ZEYLANICUM. (Meti.) Rhizome strong, wide- N°158. A_S CATTELL &OOEN RAS (Bedd.) POLYPODIUM WALLII. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 305 creeping, clothed with broad grey scales ; stipe r inch or more long, clothed with soft spreading hairs ; fronds 8-12 inches long, }—® inch broad, acuminate, the base narrowed very gradually, the margins slightly undulated ; texture subcoriaceous, both sides naked ; veins forked oblique, rarely simple ; sori round, at the apex of the upper veinlet, or at the apex of the vein when simple, forming a single row on each side of the costa. Hook. Syn. Fil. 321. Bedd. F. S. Tf. t. 237. Ceylon, Newera Elya, on rocks and trees. 4. Potypopium Watiu. (Bedd.) Rhizome creeping, scaly, fur- nished with numerous thick black wiry roots; stipes 3-6 lines long, scaly and hairy; fronds linear-lanceolate with a blunt apex 3 inches long by 3 inch broad, thick, coriaceous, the veins quite hidden, more or less clothed on both sides and on the margins with delicate black hairs ; veins thick, forked (or simple towards the apex of the frond) ; sori large, round, terminal on the superior veinlet and forming a regular row on each side about midway between the costa and the margin. edd. Fern Sup. ¢t. 380. Polypodium parasiticum, var. pilosiusculum, Zhiw. ZS. C. P. 3921. Ceylon, Adam’s Peak; allied to parasiticum, but much larger and of much thicker texture. 5. POLYPODIUM HIRTELLUM. (S/.) Caudex small ascending, scaly above ; stipes tufted 3-1} inch long, slender, filiform, villous, with spreading reddish-brown hairs, fronds firm-membranaceous, linear-oblong to lanceolate, 1-4 or more inches long, 4-4 of an inch broad, quite entire at the margin, attenuated at the base, rather densely villous and ciliated with similar hairs to those of the stipes; veins spreading, simple or often forked near the base; sori in a single regular series close to the costa; veins when simple soriferous near their base, when forked, soriferous at the apex of the short fork. Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 123. Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 166. Polypodium hir- tum, 200k. SP. Fi, 1y. 170, (not Mert.). Bedd. FB. L. 212. P. lasiosorum (/fook.), Bedd. F. B. I. t. 172. Ceylon. (Also in Java and Luzon.) RGR As \ ANI ANI PSs (82) POLYPODIUM HIRTELLUM. N° 160 AUS, POLYPODIUM CORNIGERUM., FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 307 6. POLYPODIUM SESSILIFOLIUM. (//vo&.) Caudex small, erect or ascending, scaly; stipes scarcely any; fronds tufted, membrana- ceous, firm, 3-9 inches long, 2-3 lines wide, linear, scarcely acuminated, obtuse, attenuated at the base ; veins oblique, approxi- mate, forked; sori oblong, parallel with the costa in lines or series inter mediate between the costa and the margin, medial on the upper veinlet. ook. Fil. iv. 168. Syn. Fil. p. 322. Bedd. F. B. J. t. 119. Penang. (Also in the Philippines. ) ** Fronds pinnatifid. 7. POLYPODIUM CORNIGERUM. (Baker.) Fronds tufted, subses- sile, erect ligulate, 3-4 inches long, 2-24 lines broad, pinnatifid or subpinnate, lobes 20—30 jugate, diminishing in size from middle of frond both ways, almost triangu- lar, subacute, repand on the upper edge; texture subcoriaceous, sur- faces glabrous; veins one to each lobe, forked, falling far short of the margin; sorus large round, solitary at fork close to main rachis, and medial on the vein. ook. Syn. fil. 503. Bedd. Fern Sup. Ty 201, Ceylon, Horton plains, rare, (C. P. 4005.) POLYPODIUM CUCULLATUM, Lees. 8. PoLYPODIUM CUCULLA- (aes) tum. (LVees.) Caudex very small, ascending ; stipes densely tufted 1-3 lines long, naked ; fronds subcoriaceous. or somewhat membra- naceous, 3-5 inches long, 2-3 lines broad, flaccid, linear-lanceolate acuminate, deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid ; the lobes linear- 308 FERNS. OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. oblong $= line broad, those of the upper half fertile, broader and with the edges upcurved so as to clasp the large solitary sorus ; costa and sometimes the frond deciduously pilose. Hook. Syn. Fil. 324. Ca- lymmodon cucullatus (Pres/.), Bedd. FS. . ¢. 233. Ceylon, on rocks and trees, central and southern provinces, 3,000-5,000 feet elevation. 9. RoLtypoptuM KHASYANUM. (//fook.) Stipes tufted, very short, fringed with soft hairs ; fronds up to about 14 inches long, by 13 inch broad, flaccid, cut down nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong entire or slightly undulated blunt lobes 2-3 lines broad, texture thick subcoria- ceous; rachis and both sides sparingly hairy ; . veinlets simple; sori apical on the veinlets, sunk in an oval cavity (having an elevation on the upper side of the frond) in rows of POLYPODIUM TRICHOMANOIDES. (Sz .) 4—6 oneach side of the mMGholey, VRQ Sia, IWS BAR, Jia, SH Je, Sh i Ws. Khasya 3,000-4,000 feet, near Cherra; Assam, from Cherra to Jowye and Jarain in Jaintea, 3,000-4,000 feet elevation, not plentiful anywhere. 10. POLYPODIUM TRICHOMANOIDES. (Sz.) Caudex short, erect, paleaceous above, densely rooting with wiry fibres ; stipes short, 3—1 inch long, densely tufted, patent-villous with long fibrous hairs, fronds 3—4 inches to a span long, 2-4 lines wide, rigid-membranaceous, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 309 linear, attenuated at both extremities, deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid or almost pinnate (quite so at the very base), lobes hori- zontally patent from a broad base, ovate or oblong entire, sub-concave beneath, sub-deciduously ciliated with long fibrous or blackish patent hairs ; veins solitary in each lobe, simple or forked, each lobe having a single sorus near the base of the veins and the costa. ook. Bye iv. 17.5; Syz. fl. 326. Bedd. Fi B.S. t. 2. Sikkim, 9,o00-12,000 feet elevation. (Also in South America, Brazil and Ecuador ; and Cuba.) 11. POLYPODIUM GLANDULOSUM. (/ook.) Caudex small, in distinct, clinging to the bark of trees by copious rooting fibres, the rest of the plant all over pilose-glandulose, most so beneath ; stipes tufted 1-3 lines long, fronds 2—4 inches long, ¢ inch broad, linear obtuse, scarcely attenuated at either extremity, rather firm-membrana- ceous, sub-succulent, deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid ; segments ovate, sub-acute, horizontally patent, decurrent at the base, lowermost ones free, all of them serrate-pinna- tid, costule, and rather distant few and ob- lique simple veins indistinct ; sori 1-6 to each segment globose. Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 193. Syn. Fil. 327. Bedd. F. S. TI. t. 2388. N°163. Ceylon, in the central provinces, Ram- See ee cre ake bodde, and summit of Wattakelia Hill. Sr on ee Oe) 12. Potypopium Tuwairesi, (edd.) Caudex creeping, clothed with lanceolate scales; fronds sessile or subsessile, sub- coriaceous, perfectly glabrous, 2-4 inches long by about 1 inch broad, lanecolate or oblanceolate, deeply almost to the rachis pin- natifid ; lobes 1-2 lines broad, lanceolate, blunt, rather ascending, more or less repand or sinuate-pinnatifid, the lower reduced gradually to a narrow wing ; veinlets distant, erect-patent, simple or more rarely forked, where simple soriferous at the apex, where 310 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. forked the superior veinlet only is soriferous ; sori round, slightly immersed. edd. F. B. I. ¢. 188. Baker, in Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 508. Ceylon, about Dickoya, on trees, very sweet scented (C.P. 3,900). 13. POLYPODIUM DECORUM. (Brack.) Caudex short, rather thick, creeping, densely ferrugi- nous-squamose, stipes approxi- mate, sub-terminal on the caudex, 2-4 lines long ; fronds coriaceous, glabrous, 6-12 inches long, 3-1 inch broad, narrow-lanceolate, much and almost caudate-acu- minate, the base very gradually attenuated into the short stipe, deeply and nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, segments horizontally patent, narrow-oblong obtuse, quite entire, below gradually be- coming shorter and broader and forming shallow elongated lobed wings at the base; costa glabrous or pilosulous, costule and veins quite sunk and inconspicuous ; sori oblong, 2—8 in a row, on each side of the costule, and apical on the short veins, which do not nearly reach the margin, partially sunk in a hairy cavity (but with POLYPODIUM THWAITESII. (Aedd.) NO raised border). Hook. Sp. Fil.iv.179. Brack. Fil. Un. St. Exp p. I, t.12, f. 2. § Bedd, H BY 7 2 238a. P. semana Cate L303: . FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Ani South India, on the Tinnevelly Mountains, near Courtallum ; Ceylon, Singhe Rajah Forest; Singapore and Mount Ophir; North- west India, near Mandal (Edgeworth). (Also in Borneo, Luzon, Tahiti.) 14. PoLypopIuM FuscaTuM. (47) Stipes tufted, 1-3 inches long, densely clothed with soft spreading hairs; fronds 3-6 inches long, 3-1 inch broad, cut down nearly to the rachis throughout into close entire obtuse pinne, @ 1 line broad, the lower G onesshorter and broader, SZ ‘ SZ, 5 texture subcoriaceous, =Z y, ‘rachis and both sides = A thinly clothed with soft =2 22 hairs; veins obscure, sim- SZ SZ ple ; sori forming a close =Z Z row on each side the =? AZ midrib, at last filling SZ SS a nearly the whole surface. =Y SZ Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 331. =Z Ss Bedd. F. B. Ti. t. 324. ysZ=s S Ceylon. ak x “=e (Also in Java.) “Ua *** Fronds pinnate. : I5. POLYPODIUM OBLIQUATUM.(BZ.) Stipes tufted, 1 inch or more long, rigid, naked or vil- lous ; fronds up to 15 inches long and 2 inches broad, pinnate, being cut down to the rachis throughout into entire close subhorizontal linear pinnz, 1-1} lines broad, dilated at the base, the lower ones dwarfed, texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked or hispid, both sides naked; veinlets simple, not reaching the margin; sori sunk in a cavity 4-6 on each side, apical on the veinlets ; the edges of the ASIN Ta cei i SASS Nees: POLYPODIUM DECORUM. (BSvack.) N2 166. Z Cineg BB : LAG, Ws SS ne fj ‘ 7 Lf ‘4 SEZ S) Y/ We Zs SZ Wy Lip VF SZ, SNe, I ZZ S ‘ IMO Lip ZG SZ EMI 7, SS \ 3 SN eee Whe TYAkseex Sy see RRS ae —_ ea LH f Se ZS LN ee FA CLD SN = MAK: Yt, WO aA A | } ¥ oreweee 4.8. CATTELL £02 ENGRAS. TOLYPODIUM OBLIQUATUM. (£2.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. aie fertile pinnee sometimes undulated. Afook. Syn. Fil. 328. Bedd. Ff. S. f. 167. Cryptosorus, /z. Ccelopteris, 4. Br. South India, Anamallay Mountains, up the Toracadu River, 4,000-5,000 feet elevation, Tinnevelly and Travancore Hills; Ceylon, common on trees about Newera Elya. 16. POLYPODIUM REPANDULUM. (JZe?t.) Caudex stout, erect, with densely matted roots; stipes tufted, very short, naked or hairy; fronds 4-6 inches long, about 1 inch broad, cut down to the rachis through- out, into erect-patent blunt crenated pinnz z—¢ lines broad ; tex- ture subcoriaceous; rachis naked, or with a few very long hairs; surfacesnaked, or with long hairs beneath on the costa; veinlets simple, fall- ing short of the mar- gin; sori slightly 1 f = immersed, filling ' No167, oe nearly the whole space between the midrib and the margin, and apical on the veinlets. ook. Syn. Fil. 328. Polypodium subfalcatum, var. f, Bedd. & B. J. ¢. 189p. Polyp. minutum (Baker), Hook. Syn. Ful. 328, as far as the Ceylon plant ts concerned, C. P. 3073. Ceylon, higher parts of central provinces, on trunks of trees. POLYPODIUM REPANDULUM. (J/cd/. 314 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 17. POLYPODIUM SUBFALCATUM. (Z/.) Rhizome erect ; stipes densely tufted, clothed with soft spreading hairs; fronds 2-10 inches long, by 3-1 inch broad pinnate, z.e. cut down to the rachis into close spreading pinnz ; pinne hairy on both sides, soft in texture, rather sharply toothed sometimes one-third or half-down, decurrent at the base, the lower ones gradually reduced ; veinlets simple, not reaching the margin; sori apical on the veinlets one to each tooth or lobe of the pinne. B/. Fil. Jav. 186, ¢. 87. A.B. Hook. Syn. Fal. 328. Polyp. parvulum, Bedd. F. S. I. ¢. 166, not Bory. P. subfalcatum, edd. F.B.T. 189, jig. A. (not jig. B.) P. parvulum, L Lhw. En. LUA: 394 7n part, C. P. 1290, not 3073. It differs from the last in being soft in texture instead of coria- ceous, in being much ~ more hairy (repandulum being generally quite glabrous), in being ser- rateinstead of crenulate, and in the sori not being immersed. Mr. Thwaitesincluded them POLYPODIUM SUBFALCATUM. (42) both under his parvu- lum, and Mr. Baker has the former both under repandulum and minutum in the Syxopsis Filicum. South India, Nilgiris Lamb’s Rock near Conoor, Anamallays banks of Toracadu river, 4,5000 feet ; Ceylon, central provinces ; North India, Himalayas from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 5,000~9,000 feet elevation; Khasya. Mr. Clarke says that some of the Khasya specimens are as small as P. trichomanoides, but that species has only one sorus to each pinna, whilst this has the pinna polysorus, or N° 169. ee a7 (/Zo0k.) TTFLL &¢ © ENCR Ag las POLYPODIUM DAREAZFORME, 316 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. one to each lobe of the pinna, besides the sori are differently situated. *** * Hronds compound. 18. POLYPODIUM DAREFORME. (fZook.) Rhizome stout, creeping, clothed densely with filiform golden scales ; stipes 6-9 inches long, articulated on the rhizome, naked, glossy; fronds 12-18 inches long, 8-12 inches broad, sub-deltoid, 3—4-pinnate ; Darea-like ; pinnze 1-2 inches broad, lanceolate deltoid ; secondary pinnz # inch long, tertiary pinne small, forked or pinnate ; the ultimate segments narrow, almost filiform bluntish, texture herba- ceous, rachis glossy, both sides quite naked; veins one to each ultimate segment, not reaching the margin, and thickened at the apex, and bearing the sorus low down; sori extending beyond the margins of the segments ; indusium none. Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 256, Syn. Fil. 339. Acrophorus Hookeri, Bedd. F: B. L. 95 (not Moore, which 1s Leucostegia Hookeri.) Himalayas and Khasya, 4,000-5,000 feet elevation. This cannot belong to Phegopteris as the stipes are articulated with the rhizome ; it is very probably a Leucostegia, but no indusium is to be detected in the many examples that I have examined ; it has long been confused with Leucostegia Hookeri, which it closely resembles in habit. GENUS LXI.—GONIOPHLEBIUM. (Pres/.) (Gonza, angle ; phebes, veins—the veins forming angles.) Veins forming ample regular areoles, each with a simple or rarely forked free included veinlet, on which the sorus is terminal, often in the costal areoles only, but sometimes also in the second or even the third tow, marginal veinlets free; sori non-indusiate, globose or rarely oblong; fronds pinnatifid or pinnate (simple in some species not Indian); rhizome wide-creeping, the stipe articulate 01 the rhizome ; pianze articulate with the rachis. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. B07 * Fronds pinnatifid or somewhat pinnate at the base only. 1. GONIOPHLEBIUM AMANUM. (JVall.) Caudex creeping, stout, densely paleaceous, with ferruginous subulate scales, which are sub-adpressed, never hair-pointed ; stipes a span to a foot or more long, stramineous or brown; fronds 1 to nearly 2 feet long, 6-10 inches wide, glabrous or sub-pubescent, ovate, terminating in a lanceolate acuminate subentire segment, deeply pinnatifid to within 2-3 lines of the costa, segments horizontal, more or less approximate, 3-8 inches long, #-4 inch wide, subfalcate from a broad base, ensiform gradually acuminate, entire, or coarsely dentate-serrate, lowest pair deflexed, veins forming one costal series of moderately sized soriferous areoles, and sometimes two (the second not sori- ferous), marginal veinlets free, soriferous veinlet always arising from the vein at a distance from the costa; sori subglobose sunk (papil- lose on the upper side.) Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 24. Wall. Cat. n. 290. aD, 1. 1: 5. Himalayas, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 4,o00-11,000 feet ele- vation, common; Khasya 3,000-6,000 feet. (Clarke’s var. tonglensis from Tonglu near Darjeeling, appears only to differ in the pinnz being blunt at the apex, there is, however, only one poor specimen known of it.) 2, GONIOPHLEBIUM SUBAMA&NUM. (CVarke.) Rhizome slender, densely clothed with grey-brown lanceolate-subulate scales, which are subadpressed, never hair-pointed, near the base of the main rachis are sometimes ovate or lanceolate scales ; stipes about 2 inches long ; fronds 6 inches long, deeply pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, lower segments much abbreviated and deflexed, all serrated at the margins ; costal arches of the main rachis continued nearly or quite to the base of the frond; main rachis above glabrous or puberulous. C/arke, ect, D:0R50;.7, 82, 7, 2. Very nearly allied to amzenum, and perhaps only a form of it, differs in its slender rhizome and small size. Himalayas, on the ridge between Sikkim and Nepal, 11,000- 12,000 feet elevation, very abundant. AS CATTELLE.COENGRAS, GONIOPHLEBIUM AMANUM. ( Wall.) N?°170. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 319 3. GONIOPHLEBIUM LACHNoPUS. (J/Vad/.) Rhizome more slen- der than in amzenum, densely clothed with hair-pointed brown-black scales spreading from small bases ; base of the rachis often with a few similar scales; stipe 2—4 inches long, slender naked ; fronds flaccid, 12-18 inches long, 3-4 inches broad, cut down nearly to the rachis into spreading slightly- toothed segments } inch broad, texture herba- ceous, both sides naked, or the rachis beneath slightly scaly, and pubes- cent above; costalareoles in a single series (never two as sometimes occurs in amzenum), or rarely the veins are all free (not forming areoles); soriin a single series in the are- ‘ =n oles, or at the apex ofthe # forked veinletwhen there } isno anastomosis. Wall, @& Gae 310. Hook. Syn. Fil, 342. Beda. F. B. 1. feta Clarke, Ff. LV. J. p- 551- Himalayas, from Kashmir to Bhotan, 2,000-—3,000 feet eleva- tion, very common. Khasya, 3,000 — 5,000 fat elevation. GONIOPHLEBIUM ERYTHROCARPUM. (d@t¢t.) 4. GONIOPHLEBIUM ERYTHROCARPUM. (JZe/¢.) Rhizome } line thick, glaucous, firm, wide-creeping, scales lanceolate, dark-castaneous, 320 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. minute, not hair-pointed ; stipe 3-4 inches long, naked, stramineous, very slender; frond oblong-deltoid, 3-4 inches long, 13-2 inches broad, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, lobes 5-10 jugate, ligulate blunt, 3-4 lines broad, obscurely repand, adnate, only the lowest narrowed at the base, on the lower side scarcely shortened, texture rigidly subcoriaceous ; rachis and costas below and under surface pilose ; main veins raised, very distinct to nearly the edge, costal areoles in one or two series, the second series when present generally without a free veinlet in lower areole, sometimes forked, or rarely netted and graduating into the venation of Pleopeltis; sori in a single series in the lower areoles. Mett. Kuhn. Linn. 36, p. 135. Hook. Syn. Fil. 511. Bedd. F. B.T. Sup. 382. All my specimens from Messrs. Clarke and Atkinson have typical Goniophlebium venation, so also have nearly all the speci- mens at Kew. Mr. Clarke, however, has removed the species to Pleopeltis, because some specimens gathered by him have the costal areoles less defined and the veinlets somewhat netted and graduat- ing into the venation of Pleopeltis. I look upon these as abnor- mal, the whole habit of the plant being that of Goniophlebium. Sikkim, Lacheen, 9,coo—11,000 feet elevation, Yakla valley, 8,000 feet. 5. GONIOPHLEBIUM HENDERSONI. (A?kinson, MS.) Rhizome very slender, glaucous, wide-creeping, clothed with hair-pointed scales; stipes 3-4 inches long, naked or scaly, very slender, grey, stramineous; fronds narrow-lanceolate 8-10 inches long, 13-2 inches broad, deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, or the lower lobes or pinnze quite free ; pinnz or lobes 20-30 pair, patent lanceolate acute, 3-4 lines broad, distantly incised, all except the lowest dilated at their base, texture moderately firm, surfaces green, naked; areoles and sori uniserial, the latter near the midrib, not crowded, occasionally the veins are all or nearly all quite free and not anastomosing, or forming areoles, costal arches of the main rachis prominent, very long and narrow, absent of course at the base of the larger fronds, where it is pinnate, not pinnatifid. Hook. Syn. JED Mi VEG Si Site Ibi Shoes MSI72. AES AD > | PES a [LL cll Mae “ H Sues ~ 47 LEA LTT. SA. j of [ebb ' Wii en ES tee ” th tes ; Se a if Lf SGATTELL BC OENCRAS. {Ie ets us Bia deestene neces ye! GONIOPHLEBIUM MOLLE. (Aedd.) 22 222 FERNS OF BRITISH JNDIA AND CEYLON. Himalayas, dividing ridge between Sikkim and Nepal, and north of the Jongri, 11,000 to 13,000 feet elevation, very abundant. 6. GONIOPHLEBIUM MICRORHIZOMA. (Clarke.) Rhizome 1 line thick, firm wide-creeping, clothed with grey-brown ovate or lanceolate scales, not hair-pointed; base of the rachis often witha fewsimilar scales; stipes 4-5 inches long; fronds lanceolate, often caudate at the apex, about 1 foot long by 3-4 inches wide, deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, the lowest pinne sometimes free; pinnz 20-30 pair, patent lanceolate acute, 3—4 lines broad, distantly incised, texture her- baceous, rachis glabrous above, castaneous beneath ; areoles and sori _ uniserial, or all the veins often quite free, and not forming areoles. Clarke. PN. 7. 55%. ook. Syn. Fil. p. 511. Bedd. fo Be iiaeen Kashmir to Bhotan, 5,000—8,000 feet elevation, very common. * * Fronds distinctly pinnate throughout. 7, GONIOPHLEBIUM MOLLE. (JGedd.) Rhizome creeping, size of the stem of a tobacco pipe, densely covered with reddish brown subulate scales; fronds 13 foot long, 7-8 inches broad, oblong acu- minate membranaceous, pinnz numerous, 3—4 inches long, 4 an inch wide, furnished on both sides as is the rachis with soft weak whitish hairs, sinuate-crenate, superior base often subauricled, superior ones decurrent on the rachis, remainder sessile from a broad base, or inferior ones subpetiolate ; veins forming two series of areoles, the lower of which has the soriferous veinlet arising from the side of the areole distant from the costa, marginal veinlets free or rarely uniting, simple or forked. edd. & B. J. ¢. 206. Polypodium Beddomei (Baker), Hook. Syn. Fil. 2nd Edit. 344. Malay Peninsula, in Tenasserim. 8. GONIOPHLEBIUM SUBAURICULATUM. (52. under Polypodium). Rhizome creeping, stoloniferous, densely clothed with narrow acumi- nate, often hair-pointed scales, subpruinate ; stipes a span to a foot and more long, sparingly paleaceous, rufous-brown ; fronds firm, subcoriaceous, glabrous, 2—6 feet long, a foot and more wide, pinnated, pinnz horizontal, numerous yet remote, 3-10 inches long, + to nearly 4 an inch wide, shortly petioled and jointed on the rachis from a FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 323 somewhat cordate or truncated and occasionally auricled base, linear- lanceolate, finely and gradually acuminated, serrated ; veins forming a double costular series of areoles, including a free venule, of which the lower series is soriferous, mar- ginal veinlets free; sori in a single series forming slightly elevated pustules on the superi- or side. BY. Fil. Jav. p. 177, 7. Beeetoer, Sp. Lil. v.. 32: med. B. 1. 7. 78. Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet N°1I73. elevation; Malay Peninsula. GONIOPHLEBIUM SUBAURICULATUM. (8/.) (Also in Malay Islands and Queensland.) 9g. GONIOPHLEBIUM ARGUTUM. (JlVadll. under Polypodium.) Rhizome thick as a writing- ! quill, squarrose with ovate-acute short blackish or brown glossy spreading scales, stipes 3-4 inches to a span long, brown glossy; fronds firm-membra- naceous, glabrous, 1-2 feet long, 8-10 inches broad, pin- nated, pinne distant sub horizontally patent, 4—6 inches long, 2-3 inch wide, from a broader but obtusely and ob- lique cuneated or subtruncated base (rarely rotundate-auricled) elongate-oblong, acuminate, ratherobtusely serrated, lower ones often opposite, the rest alternate, superior ones more GONIOPHLEBIUM ARGUTUM. or less adnate and decurrent, terminal one similar to the rest, veins forming a costal series of large oblong suriferous areoles; marginal veins ending in a thickened apex within the margin all free ; sori super- 324 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. ficial at the apex ofthe free veins in the costal areoles. Wall. Cat. hs SO, JElVO 2 SS), SUG Is BB, IEG, I, IB, Ths Fs Oe Himalayas, from Kashmir to Bhotan, 4,000-9,000 feet eleva- tion, very common. Closely allied to the last species. 10. GONIOPHLEBIUM VERRUCOSUM. (JVail. under Polypodium.) Rhizome long, stout creeping, very paleaceous; stipes 14 foot and more long; fronds 2—3 feet long, oblong-acuminate, firm-membranaceous, drooping ; pinnz numerous but distant, 6-9 inches long, 1-15 inch broad, oblong costate, articulate upon the rachis, suddenly and shortly cuspidate-acuminate entire or serrated chiefly towards the apex, -—<=, _|| nearly sessile, the base obliquely cuneate ; i ae || primary veins slender but straight and [OS yo 3 ‘ee parallel costuliform, forming with the ie al aN pee | anastomosing veins four or five series of [- oT fee areoles each with a free included veinlet, J MO) but of which the lowest series only is so- ; riferous ; sori in a single series next the costa sunk in a deep cavity, having a cor- responding pustule on the upper side. Wall. Cat. n. 296. Hook. Sp. Fil. y. 31. SEG, I, Idi, Th, Ps BSG). OP ens TL Malacca and Penang. VERRUCOSUM. (Wall.) (Also in the Philippines.) Mr. J. Smith has separated these East Indian species of Gonto- phlebium from the American because the pinne are articulated with the rachis, and he has constituted the genus Schellolepis for them. N°175. GENUS LXII—NIPHOBOLUS. (Kawif,) (Miphos, of snow; bolus, a large pill—the snow-like scales and round sori.) Fronds on their under surface matted with woolly or cottony tomentum ; sori globose or elliptic, superficial or immersed, buried in the tomentum; veins internal, obscure, pinnate, prominent or FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 325 uniform from a central costa, venules anastomos'ng sometimes trans- versely parallel, forming parallelogrammoid areoles, with excurrent free or occasionally connivent or anastomosed veinlets, sometimes uniting in roundish or oblong hexagonal unequal oblique areoles, with variously directed simple or divaricately forked veinlets, the veins of the fertile frond when contracted less developed; fronds simple or rarely lobed, rigid, coriaceous, opaque, the fertile often contracted. 1. NIPHOBOLUS ADNASCENS. (Sz. under Polypodium.) Rhizome wide-creeping, paleaceous with lanceolate-setaceous scales ; stipes dis- tant, 1-2 inches long, furnished at the base with lanceolate-linear often hairy scales; fronds dimorphous, carnose-coriaceous, dark green above, but hoary with sparse stellated pubescence beneath, and paler and even white with more copious compact hairs ; sterile fronds, 2-4 inches long, spathulate or elliptical-lanceolate, obtuse; fertile ones 6-8 inches long, linear or oblong obtuse or acute, both kinds tapering below into the stipe, costa sub-carinate, costules sunk obscure, their areoles including four (sometimes only three or two) veinlets, which are generally free with clavate apices, though they sometimes anastomose ; sori deep sunk in the tomentum and in the substance of the frond on each side of the costa, arranged 5-6 in obliquely transverse series, capsules long stalked, mixed with long stalked stellated scales. Sz. Syn. Fil. pp. 25 and 228. Hooker. Sp. Fil.v. 47. Bedd. F. S. I. t. 184. Wall. Cat. 268. Polyp. verrucosum, Wad/. Cat. n. 267. P. vittarioides, Wall. Cat. p. 270. P. pertusum, Wall. Cat. 267. Throughout India from the plains up to 4,500 elevation; Ceylon ; Malay Peninsula. (Also in China; Fiji; Mascareen Islands, Cameroon Mountains. ) 2. NIPHOBOLUS L&vis. (/. Sm.) Rhizome slender, wide-creep- ing, clothed with linear setaceous scales ; stipes distant, somewhat hairy 3 inch to nearly 2 inches long, furnished with a tuft of scales at their base; fronds coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, much narrowed towards the apex, 24-6 inches long, +—} inch broad, glabrous above, hairy with stellate pubescence beneath ; venation obscure, costules thin, areoles in three series between the costa and margin, with one, yan GIRS HESS 8) aah KONG | SSeS Dessay is 4.3 .CATTELL 2 CO ENGRAS. NIPHOBOLUS ADNASCENS. (Sz) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, 327 two or three clavate veinlets in each, which are variously directed, free or rarely joined to the base of the areole above ; sori large, partially sunk in the tomentum, often confined to the apex of the frond, or scattered, or covering nearly allthe undersurface. edd. F. B. £. 2.161. P. Niphobolus jaintense, Clarke, &. NV. T. p. 552, ¢. 82. Khasya hills, Jaintea, Jarain, 3,500 feet elevation. Considered a variety of adnascens by Mr. Baker, but sufficiently distinct in its venation, I think, to rank as a species. 3. NIPHOBOLUS ACROSTICHOIDES. (.Szv.) Rhizome wide-creep- ing, branched, younger portions squarrose, with rather large bright fer- ruginous lanceolate scales; stipes 1-3 inches long furnished at the base with obtuse scales; frond hard coriaceous, 1-2 feet and more long, 3-1 inch wide, glabrous above, beneath whitish or tawny, stellate- tomentose (tomentum very deciduous) elongate-lanceolate or linear obtuse ; sterile fronds generally the broadest ; areoles 5—7 between the costa and margin, each with 3-6 veinlets free and simple, or variously forked and anastomosing ; sori rather small, prominent, very compact, generally occupying the upper part of the frond, arranged in 6-8 oblique very close series between the costules. Sz. Syn. Fil. p. 29 and 225. Hook. Sp. Hil.v. 44. Bedd. F. B. lf. ¢. 81. Polyp furfu- raceum, Wall. Cat. n. 278. Birma and the Malay Peninsula generally. I have specimens from Tenasserim 2 feet long and only 3 inch wide. 4. NipHopoLus HerTeractis. (Je¢t.) Rhizome wide-creeping, the scales copious lanceolate-linear, not adpressed golden; stipes distant up to 7 inches long, more or less scaly ; fronds oblong, with a long acumination about 6 inches long by 1# inches broad, coriaceous, the fertile not generally contracted, upper surface glabrous, lower clothed with close compact stellate scales, the rays of which are broad, with filamentous hairs admixed; areoles in 8-9 series between the costa and margin, each including 2-3 veinlets, which are generally forked and more or less anastomosing ; sori rather large and prominent. AZett. Kuhn in Linn. 36, 140. Clarke, F. N. I. p. 535- N. Lingua, Hook. Syn Fil. 350, in part, and p. 512. Beda. F Supt. t. 385. 328 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Sikkim and Bhotan, 4,000-6,000 feet elevation; Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet. This is very near the Japan Lingua, but it appears to differ sufficiently to be considered a species, besides the filamen- tous hairs radiating round thescales, which it requires a magnifying glass to detect, the habit is somewhat different and the scales of the rhizome more free and copious. 5. NIPHOBOLUS PANNOSUS. ‘(JZetz.) Rhizome wide-creeping, slender, scales linear, dark coloured, closely adpressed ; stipes up to au 6 inches long, stellately scaly ; fronds lanceolate up to 6 inches long by 1% inch broad, nar- rowed at both ends, coriaceous, glabrous above, at least in age, beneath densely matted with stellate scales, the rays of which are hair-like ; areoles in about seven series between the costa and margin, each including 2— 4 veinlets which are simple, forked, free, or variously anas- tomosing ; sori crowded, rather small, 5-6 in a row between the main veins, not reaching the margins. J@ett. Kuhn. N° 177. NIPHOBOLUS PANNOSUS. (JZé?t.) Linn. 36, p. 141. Hook. Syn. Fil. 512. Niphobolus Lingua, Bedd. ¥. S. F. Z. 240. Ceylon, up to 3,000 feet elevation ; Tenasserim. 6. NIPHOBOLUS sTIGMOSUS. (Sw.) Rhizome wide-creeping, stout rufous-paleaceous with slender subulate scales ; stipes subaggregate, 1-6} inches long, angled ; fronds a span to 13-2 feet and more long, 1-2-3 inches and more broad, firm, coriaceous, in age glabrous” above, beneath densely stellate-tomentose and subfurftiraceous (tomen- tum forming a close coat), Janceolate or suboblanceolate acuminate, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 329 gradually tapering below and decurrent upon the stipes, costules distinct, elevated on the under side; sori immersed, very minute and numerous, arranged in compact closely placed lines or series between the costules and in equally-compact series transversely with them ; areoles in about ro series between the costa and margin, each in- cluding many veinlets which are much branched and anastomosing. Sw. Syn. Fil. 29, 226. N. costatus, Hook. Sp. Fil. v.50. Wall. Marwneo5. edd. B.S. t.. 120. Himalayas, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 2,0c0o—6,000 feet elevation, Khasya, 2,000-3,000 feet, Paras- Mamie 500° tect; ‘Lenasserim ; Golcondah Hills West of Vizaga- patam. My Birma specimens have very long stipes and the frond scarcely decurrent, my Himalaya and Viza- gatam specimens have the frond very much decurrent, and the stipe very . short. 7. NIPHOBOLUS SUBFURFURA- ceus. (fook.) Rhizome short, branched, creeping, the younger branches paleaceous with ferruginous subulate scales, stipes subaggregated, 4-5 inches long, nearly glabrous, yypyogorus sticmosus. (Sw.) fronds 24-30 inches long, 4—5 inches wide, broad-lanceolate or oblanceolate, sharply acuminated below, gradually and much attenuated upon the stipes, glabrous above, minutely sellate-tomentose beneath, the tomentum thin, firm and close so as to appear subfurfuraceous or compactly pannose of a whitish colour, costa stout, costules evident but not elevated; vena- tion indistinct, quite that of true Campyloneuron, the areoles from 15~20 in a series between the costa and the margin, each with numerous(8—g)included free or scarcely anastomosing soriferous vein- lets; sori rather small, elevated, subglobose (not in the least sunk), 330 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. forming as many arched series between the costules as there are aneolesny -A/00k Sparta Ne 52am COG wh Dn Let. 2IK Oe Bhotan and Mishmee. ‘The areoles are much more numerous than in stigmosus, and the included veinlets.also more numerous, but much less anastomosing, the fronds in my specimens are of thinner texture, the veinlets being visible (without soaking the frond). 8. NipHopotus Fissus. (4/7) Rhizome creeping, paleaceous with ferruginous scales, stipes ag- gregated short scarcely any or 3-5 inches long, and then winged or margined to the base ; fronds car- nose-corlaceous 6 inches to a foot and more long, 3 an inch to 1-1%$ inch wide, lanceolate or linear-lan- ceolate or even linear, often finely acuminated, the margin quite entire (or rarely spuriously and very un- equally pinnatifid with remote long and narrow segments), from near the middle gradually attenuated downwards to the caudex, at first wholly tomentose with ferruginous stellated hairs, at length glabrous on the upper side and depressed- punctate, the dots corresponding NIPHOBOLUS Fissus. (B/.) with the sori; venation quite sunk, veins pinnate but not prominent, venules transversely parallel and forming with the veins parallelogrammoid areoles (about five between costa and margin), with two, sometimes only one, excurrent free clavate veinlets in each areole ; sori copious and at first quite sunk among the tomentum appearing in the form of small tubercles, at length a circular opening appears, but the sori scarcely rise above the surface of the tomentum, arranged in series. Bl, Fil. Jav. p. 58, 7. 24. Niph. porosus, Hook. Sp. Fil.v. 48. edd. F. S. 7. 7. 183. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 331 Polypodium porosum, Wa//. Cat. n. 266. Niph. Schmidianus, Xe. Bot. Zeit. vi. p. 121. Polyp. mysurense (Heyne), Wall. Cat. 269. Niph. floccigerus (JZe¢t.), Bedd. F Sup. t. 386. South India, Western mountains, 3,000-8,000 feet elevation ; Ceylon, central provinces ; Himalayas and Khasya, 2,000~-7,000 feet elevation; Malay Peninsula. (The Khasya floccigerus only differs in the fronds being narrower.) g. NIPHOBOLUS FLOCCULOSUS. (Don.) Rhizome short, stout densely scaly, especially at base of stipes, with finely subulate golden scales ; stipes 2-8 inches long, aggregated, clothed as are the fronds with dense whitish or brownish stellate tomentum; fronds 4-16 inches long by 2-13 broad, carnose-coria- ceous, lanceolate, finely acuminate, subsinuate, moderately attenuated and decurrent, or broad and une- qually hastate at the base, in age glabrous above and blackish punc- tate, venation immersed, costules |=" indistinct, areoles 9-16 each with 4/3); 3-5 included veinlets which are “¢'~ generally free, simple or forked, more rarely anastomosing with a N!PHOBOLUS FLoccuLosus. (Den.) veinlet from the top of the areole; sori scarcely sunk, small but slightly elevated above the tomentum, very copious, arranged in regular rows between the costules. Don. Prod. Hl. Nep.1. N. detergibilis, Hook. Sp. Fil. v.49. Bedd. F. B.S. ¢t. 162. P. costa- tum, Wall. Cat. 265, partly. Himalayas, Gurwhal to Bhotan, up to 5,000 ‘feet elevation, Khasya, extending into the Sylhet plains. 10. NIPHOBOLUS GARDNERI. (AZetfen.) Rhizome short-creep- 332 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. ing, the younger portions densely ferrugineous-paleaceous ; stipes approximate, arising from a scaly branch of the caudex, 2-4 inches long; fronds about a foot long, carnose-coriaceous lanceolate, ob- NIPHOBOLUS GARDNERI. (AZfett.) tusely acuminate, gradually atten- uated upon the stipes, densely clothed with a very compact firm sub-furfuraceous mass of whitish or ferruginous stellated tomentum, costa and primary veins or cos- tules slightly elevated beneath, venation of Campyloneurum, secondary transverse veins more obscure, areoles about 7 between the main costa and margin, each including 2—4 veinlets, which are generally simple with a clavate apex, rarely forked and rarely anastomosing with adjoining veinl NIPHOBOLUS PENANGIANUS. ets ; sori superficial (not sunk) in 3-4 series, parallel with the cos- tules and 10-12 transverse series between the costa and the margin. Metten. Polypod. p. 129. Hook. SP) FUL Na SE. cd aera are Z. 241. Ceylon, rocks and trees in central and southern provinces up to 3,000 feet; South India, Ana- mallay Hills, 5,000 feet elevation. 11. NIPHOBOLUS PENANGI- ANUS. (/Zo0k.) Rhizome short- creeping ; stipes scarcely any; fronds submembranaceous, 14 foot and morelong, 2 inches wide, oblanceolate finely acuminate, the base much and gradually attenuated, sessile, the margin irregularly sinuated, glabrous above (at least in maturity), beneath thinly clothed with fuscous stellated hairs, venation internal, but manifest FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 333 when viewed between the eye and the light, costules not elevated, areoles 10-12 between the costa and the margin, including 2-4 simple or forked clavate soriferous veinlets; sori prominent (not sunk), forming a broad mass in the disk of the upper half of the frond, not reaching the margin; capsules mixed with long stipitate peltate stellated scales. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 52. Hook. Jc. Fl. t. 203. Gen. Fil. 83, Polycarpium, Pr. Bedd. F. B. I. t. 121. Penang, Tenasserim (Parish). 12. NiIpHOBOLUS BOOTHII. (Hook.) Rhizome short with lan- ceolate-linear golden scales; stipes 8-16 inches long, and stout in pro- portion, tawny brown, paleaceous, with imbricating ferruginous lanceo- late scales only at the very base; frond carnose-coriaceous, 16-24 inches long, 3-4 inches wide, el- liptic-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, moderately attenuated, glabrous, and punctated above with minute black- ish dots (probably corresponding with the receptacles of the sori), beneath covered with a dense vel- vety mass of ferruginous stellated tomentum ; primary costular veins evident but not prominent, united by transverse arched veins, forming many series of areoles, each with few included veinlets, whichare much branched or anastomosing ; sori’ NirPHOBOLUS MUMMULARLEFOLIUS. small, partially sunk in the tomentum (A€ett.) forming transverse lines between the costules and as many as there are areoles. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 53. Bedd. F. B. I. t. 258. Bhotan. / ff N°183. i ; ] 334 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 13. NIPHOBOLUS NUMMULARIAFOLIUS. (Sw. under Acrostichum). Rhizome slender wide-creeping, filiform, clothed with bright ferru- ginous lanceolate fibrillose scales ; fronds dimorphous, carnose-coria- ceous, the barren ones roundish or elliptical, subsessile 3-1 inch each way, the fertile ones longer and narrower, 13-2 inches long, 4—3 inch broad, upper surface naked, at least in age, lower densely coated with loose ferruginous woolly tomentum ; veins forming areoles irregular in size and shape, empty or with one free veinlet, marginal veinlets free ; sori close, scattered, sometimes covering the whole surface. Sw. Syu. Fil. 191, 419 fo 2. Polyp. nummularizfolium. Mett. Farngatt Polyp. 122, t. 3. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 54. Syn. Fil. 351%. Ledd. F. B. I. t. 320. Galeoglossa, Pres/. East Bengal, Bhotan, Assam, Khasya, Cachar, up to 2,500 feet elevation. There is a variety from Khasya (obovatum, Mett.) with the sterile fronds obovate on a ¢ inch petiole. This species is abnormal in the genus, I do not think it is a Niphobolus at all, but probably a Drymoglossum. GENUS LXIII.—DIPTERIS. (Renw.) (Di, two; freris, fern—the fan-like fronds in two parts.) Fronds adherent to the caudex, flabellate in two halves which are deeply lobed from their circumference in the direction of the base, secondary veins forming many areoles, including free or netted veinlets ; sori punctiform, numerous, scattered small, or in a single series. 1. DiprERis WALLICHII. (47.) Rhizome stout, creeping, clothed with appressed copious black hard subulate setaceous scales wrinkled at the back; stipes 1-2 and more feet long, smooth and polished, distant erect ; fronds coriaceous, 1-2} feet long and much wider than long, dark-green above, whitish or ferruginous beneath, flabelliform bipartite into two nearly equal broad-cuneate portions which are palmately and dichotomously divided, ultimate segments 6-10 inches long, 13-2 inches wide, oblong acuminate; coste from the summit of the stipes dichotomously branched through the N°184. CT LTER SEES Rater auras Re Ce > GRAL. AG CATTELLECPEN (Lr) DIPTERIS WALLICHII. 336 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA. AND CEYLON. disk of the frond, a single pair runs through each terminal segment connivent at the apices; venation manifest prominent beneath, all the costz are united by transverse flexuose costules, these by a lon- gitudinal flexuose vein through the middle into two nearly equal series of costular areoles, then again into lesser ones all subquadran- gular; sori small, superficial copious, scattered in the areoles, but generally in series more or less perfect and accompanied by a resinous or gummy substance. #. Br.in Hook. and Grev. Lc. Fil. t. 168-9. Fook) Sp. tl, ve OO) VG Cutis 257. (Beda. 7, Bal enor Khasya, up to 4,000 feet, Borpani, 2,000 feet, and elsewhere, Cachar, at Luckipoor, 250 feet elevation, Jaintea, Sylhet station in the plains. 2. DIPTERIS HORSFIELDII. (Br.) Stipe strong, 3-5 feet long ; frond 1-3 feet long, and much broader, the main lobes reaching three-quarters of the way down, the edges sharply toothed, texture subcoriaceous, upper surface dark- green, lower very glaucous, main veins very prominent, dichoto- mously forked ; areoles copious ; sori very minute, scattered irreg- ularly, especially plentiful near the main veins, confluent, not gummy. &. 57. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. p. 99. Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 321. Polyp. conjugatum, Kaw/f (not Lam.) Polyp. Dipteris (4/.), Hook. Syn. Fil. 362. Malacca, Penang and Singapore. (Also in the Malay and Pacific Islands.) DIPTERIS HORSFIELDII. (47.) 3. Diereris Loppiana. (//oo0k.) Stipes 1 foot and more long; fronds coriaceous, 8-12 inches long, flabelliform, glabrous, 3-4 times N°186: ERIS LOBBIANA ) (Hook. DIPT ) (Wall. . +) DRYNARIA CORONAN 23 338 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. digitately dichotomous, dark brownish-green above, pale and tawny beneath, segments 4-8 inches long, scarcely half an inch wide, linear- sublanceolate, finely acuminated costate entire; venation manifest, the costules form a costal series of large soriferous areoles, the rest of the veins unite, constituting lesser areoles and include free veinlets ; sori 1-2 in each primary areole (sometimes confluent) in a single series very near the costa. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 100. Hook. in Kew Gard.’ Misc. v. p. 300, t. xi. Bedd. FB. f. ¢. 233. Polypodiam bifurcatum, Baker in Syn. Fil. p. 362. Malacca, on Mount Ophir. GENUS LXIV.—DRYNARIA. (Zory.) (Dryads, the sterile fronds being like oak-leaves, a tree sacred to the Dryads.) Fronds articulate with the caudex, with either a separate sterile frond like an oak leaf, or the base of the frond pinnatifid and oak- leaf-like ; veins copiously anastomosing, forming quadrate or hex- agonal areoles ; sori small, round or oval, numerous 1. DRyNARIA coronans. (JVall.) Rhizome thick, creeping, branched and interwoven, villous-paleaceous with golden scales ; fronds large uniform, when growing arranged in a circle, firm, coria- ceous, but rather thin and translucent, two and more feet long, from a broad sessile cordate, lobate-pinnatifid base (then suddenly con- tracted), lanceolate, deeply almost to the rachis pinnatifid, segments 8-12 inches long, #-1 inch and more wide, oblong-lanceolJate, acu- minate, lower ones gradually shorter, entire, incrassated at the margin ; venation very manifest, costules parallel extending to the margin, these are connected by transverse veins forming 5-6 soriferous areoles and then again generally two or three others which include free veinlets; sori oval, often confluent longitudinally, solitary in the primary areoles, forming an eccentric series always nearer one costule than the opposite one.. Wall. Cat. n. 288. Hook. Sp. Fil. vy. 94. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 339 Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 13. OD. conjugata, Hook. Syn. Fil. 366 (not Lam.) Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan, 1,000-4,000 feet elevation, rare, Khasya, 1,000-3000 feet common, Chittagong Hills, 500 feet eleva- tion; Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula. (Also in Hong Kong and Formosa.) 2. DRYNARIA SPLENDENS. (//ook.) Rhizome woody, the scales grey, fibrillose, adpressed ; ey ‘Go 4 fronds subsessile, 2—3 feet long, 1 foot or more broad, the lower part barren, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into erect-patent entire acute lobes | 4-8 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, the upper fertile pinnze distant, ligulate, 4-8 inches long, 4-3 inch broad; main veins distinct, with distinct transverse veinlets and copious intermediate ones and free veinlets ; sori oblong or -sub- quadrangular, filling up the whole of the fertile pinnz ex- cept the midrib. Hook. Sp. Rp, ay Re ‘A fv 00. Syn. Fil. 367. DRYNARIA SPLENDENS. (/o0.) Bedd. F. B. T. t. 316. Dryostachyum, 7, Sm. Singapore. (Also in the Philippines.) ’ 3. DRYNARIA PROPINQUA. (Wall.) Rhizome stout, creeping, the scales lanceolate-linear pubescent ; fronds glabrous dimorphous, the barren ones 4~9 inches long, 3-4 inches broad, cut half or three- quarters down into bluntish or acute lobes, the fertile ones 13-3 feet long, often 1 foot broad, with a distinct stem, the lobes 4-6 inches long, 4-% inch broad, reaching down nearly or quite to the rachis, N°189. | A.S.CAT TELL & COENCRAS. (Wall.) DRYNARIA PROPINQUA. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 341 obscurely serrated, texture subcoriaceous ; main veins of the fertile fronds ramifying, not carried in distinct parallel lines to the margin, areoles copious, the free veinlets few and variously directed ; sori in a single row near the midrib, placed at the point of union of several veinlets. Wall. Cat. 293. Hook. Syn. Fil. 367. Bedd. F. B. I. Z 160. Pleopeltis Parishiit, Bedd. & B. J. ¢. 125. Himalayas, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 2,000—7,000 feet elevation, Khasya, very common; Birma and Malay Peninsula. (Also in Java.) 4. DRYNARIA MOLLIS. (Gedd.) Rhizome creeping, clothed with subulate golden transparent ciliated scales; fronds firm-mem- branaceous dimorphous ; sterile ones 4-6 inches long, sessile ovate glabrous, deeply pinnatifid with the sinuses very narrow and the segments sometimes overlapping each other, fertile fronds very shortly stipitate (the dwarfed lower segments often extending nearly to the base of the rachis), ovate-lanceolate up to 1% feet long, 2-4 inches broad, furnished with soft hairs on both sides and ciliated, deeply almost to the rachis pinnatifid, segments lanceolate 1-2 inches long, 4-3 inch broad, nearly horizontal, rather distant, the sinus being very broad, the lower ones dwarfed and gradually reduced to a de- current wing; venation very prominent in the sterile fronds, but much less so in the fertile ones than in D. propinqua; veins form- ing three or four series of rather regular areoles in which are some- times included free veinlets ; sori forming only a single series close to the costa, each sorus being on the vein between the first and second areole. Bedd. F. B. J. ¢. 216. Polyp. (Drynaria) rivale, AMett. in Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 367, a later name. Himalayas, Nynee Tal, Gurwhal, Kumaon, 6,000-9,000 feet elevation. 5. DRYNARIA QuERcIFOLIA. (Z.) Rhizome creeping, short, stout, densely clothed with red-brown satiny lanceolate-subulate soft scales, which have a cordate base, and are }-} inch long ; fronds coriaceous or subcoriaceous of two kinds, sterile ones varying in N°.190. DRYNARIA MOLLIS. (Bedd.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 343 size from 3-12 inches and more long, and 7-8 inches wide, green when very young, but soon turning dark-brown, glossy, cordate-ovate variously lobate-pinnatifid, sometimes half-way downto the costa; fertile ones 2-3 feet long, long-petiolate broad-ovate deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, segments 5—9 inches long, 1-13 inch wide, oblong acuminate, entire ; venation manifest, costules distinct rather distant, united by transverse veins forming 4—6 primary soriferous areoles filled up witha net-work of small quadrangular areoles with or without free veins; sori compital small, numerous, two in each primary areole, consequently in two series between and parallel oy with the costules. Polypodium quercifolium, Zzz. Sp. Pl. p. 15.47. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. p. 96. Bedd. WS. 1. 7187. &. Throughoutthe Indianregion in the plains, or very low down on the mountains, on trees or rocks. 6. DRyNARIA LINNAI. (Bory ) Rhizome stout, ‘the scales 1-2 lines long from a peltate base, broadly ovate obtuse, with a de- ciduous acumen ; fronds dimor- phous the barren ones sessile, brown rigid, bluntly lobed, the fertile ones long-stalked 2-3 feet long, 6-12 inches broad, cut down nearly to the rachis, into entire erect-patent lanceolate lobes, texture rigid, both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge with copious irregular areoles between them, with copious small scattered sori. Bory. Ann. Sc. Nat. i. v. p. 464, 4.12. Hook. Syn, Fil. 368. ee. FB. 1. 315. Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. Very like quercifolia, but the scales on the rhizome are quite different and the sori smaller and more scattered, it may be only a variety and is united with it by Bentham. DYRNARIA QUERCIFOLIA. (L2z72.) 344 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. I have seen no specimen from South India, but without critical examination it might be passed by in the field or in the herbarium as quercifolia. 7. DRYNARIA RIGIDULA. (Sw.) Rhizome stout creeping, the the scales fibrillose dark-brown, fronds dimorphous, the barren ones sessile, 6-9 inches long, rarely more, 3-4 inches broad, cut down 4-} towards the rachis into blunt lobes, or rarely quite pinnate at the apex, the _ fertile 2-4 feet long, 12-18 inches broad, long-stalked pin- nate, pinnee one inch or more apart, narrowed or stalked at the base, 6-12 inches long, 4-2 1nch broad, the point acu- minate, the edge more or less deeply incised, crenate, tex- ture rather coriaceous ; rachis | and both surfaces naked, DRYNARIA RIGIDULA, (Sz) main veins not distinct to the edge, areoles copious, free veinlets few; sori immersed in a single row half-way between the edge and midrib. S.w. Syn. Fil. 230. Hook. Syn. Fil. 368. | Drynaria diversifolia (R. Br.), Hook. Sp. Fil. Wo OSs VSL UBS. Ee Baile Malacca. (Also in tropical Australia, Malay Islands, the tropical Pacific Islands.) CEN USM EB OR EIU NIS: \( esa (Pleos, full; pelts, shield—the sori often furnished with round scales.) Veins copiously anastomosing, forming copious irregular areoles, with generally free included veinlets spreading in various directions, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 345 the sori various in position, generally on the back of united veinlets ; fronds simple, pinnatifid or pinnate, articulate with the caudex. In the Syxopsis Filicum Phymatodes is the name adopted for this genus (or subgenus only in that work); this name, however, is of much later date than Pleopeltis, having been instituted by Presl. in 1836, Pleopeltis by Humboldt and Bonpland in 1810. Some authors split the genus up into many genera. * Fronds simple (also 3-5 lobed in pteropus.) A. Main veins not distinct to the edge. 1. PLEOPELTIS ACCEDENS. (A4/.) Rhizome wide-creeping, slender filiform, scarcely paleaceous, attached to the bark of trees by copious woolly radic'es, stipes scattered 2-5 lines long ; fronds sub- coriaceous, opaque, glabrous entire, sterile ones 1-13 inch long, oblong ovate obtuse, fertile ones 2-33 inches long, from a broad cuneate base, long-acuminate ; venation obscure, costules indistinct, veins forming three large areoles (in each of which is one large forked veinlet) and a smaller marginal areole; sori large for the size of the plant on the acuminated portion in a single series on each side of Pieces) 67. 7, 77). fav. p. 121. Look. Sp. Fil. v. 06. \Bedd. See ple. 215. Malacca. (Also in the Philippines, the Malay Islands, Polynesia.) 2. PLEOPELTIS ROSTRATA. (/fZook.) Rhizome very slender, wide-creeping, furnished with lanceolate-linear scales, stipes distant $-2 inches long, naked; fronds lanceolate-acuminate, somewhat di- morphic, the barren often being broader,. coriaceous glabrous, the margin entire ; veins immersed, main veins indistinct, areoles irreg- ular, including simple or forked free veinlets ; sori in a single row on each side close to the midrib. ook. Syn. Fil. 353. Bedd. F. B. I. Z. 159. Sikkim and Bhotan, 6,000 feet elevation, abundant ; Khasya 4,000—5,000 feet elevation. 340 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 3. PLEOPELTIS LINEARIS. (Z/unb.) Rhizome wide-creeping, woody, the scales lanceolate dull-brown, never with hairs, stipes from a few lines to 2 inches long, rarely with any scales ; fronds 6-12 inches long, rarely more, 3-2 inch broad, entire, narrowed gradually at both ends, texture coriaceous, both sides naked or nearly so; areoles N°1S3 PLEOPELTIS ROSTRATA. (Z/00k.) irregular with forked free veinlets; sori superficial or scarcely im- mersed, never sunk in a cyst, large prominent, forming a single row half-way between the costa and margin, when young covered with copious thin peltate scales. Zhunb. Hl. Jap. 335. Hook. Syn. Fil. 354. Polyp. loriforme, Wall. Cat. 271, 2nd sheet (typical.) P. Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 2222, acutissimum, 4727, gladiatum, 279. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 347 Pleopeltis nuda, Hook. Exot. Fl. ¢. 63. P. Wightianum, Zedd. fF. S.f. 180. (P. loriforme, Wall. Cat. 271, type-sheet, belongs here, I believe, and not to simplex, it has larger fronds, but they are narrow and coriaceous and the veins hidden.) Himalayas, 1,000-I0,0o00 feet elevation, very common, Khasya ; throughout South India; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. (Also in the Malay Islands, China, Japan, Central and South Africa and its Islands.) VAR. STENISTE. (CZarke.) With the fronds only 1-14 lines broad and the sori projecting beyond UES the margin, but always superficial, cal / is only a form of linearis, and it | «& | quite graduates into the type, his] «| var. ‘ polymorpha” is an abnormal east form of linearis with the fronds pin- natifid (such as occurs in many other ferns.) @ @ * 7 weoel —¢ ~2 o ee S == a 4. PLEOPELTIS SIMPLEX. (Szv.) Very like linearis, only the fronds are of thinner texture and much larger, up to 2 feet long by 1-2 inches broad, the veins more distinct, the sori always more or less deeply sunk and forming pustules on the upper side of the fronds, sometimes PLEOPELTIS LINEARIS. quite sunk in a cyst with visible margins, but never nearly so promi- nent as in stenophylla, which also-differs in its smaller size, much more rigid texture and fewer veins. Sw. Syz. Hil. 27. Polyp. excavatum (Bory.), Willd. Sp. Pl. vy. 158. P. Grevilleanum, Wad. Cat. 5169. P. sesquipedale, Wall, Cat. 275. P. lineare, var. / simplex, Zfook, Syn. Fil. 354. Himalayas, confounded by Hooker (in his Sp. 277.) and by Clarke with linearis, but kept distinct by all other botanists, and (Lhanb.) 348 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. made a distinct variety of linearis by Mr. Baker in the Syx. /iZ., but Mr. Baker now agrees that it should be made a distinct species ; the scales of the rhizome differ from those of “normalis,” but the fronds are almost exactly similar to that species, and I had previously confounded it with that (not with linearis.) 5. PLEOPELTIS CLATHRATA. (C/arke.) Rhizome short creep- ing, with ovate acute, often hair-pointed scales; fronds small, stipe often as long as the frond ; sori mixed with sessile irregularly peltate and lacerate clathrate scales. Clarke, F. WV. L. p. 559, ¢. 82, jig. I. Kashmir, Pir Pinjul, 11,000-12,000 feet elevation. (Also in Afghanistan.) Mr. Clarke thinks it may be high level form of linearis, but that the scales are peculiar, the texture thinner, the venation conse- quently more conspicuous, and the stipe longer. 6. PLEOPELTIS STENOPHYLLA. (L/.) Rhizome creeping, palea- ceous, with glossy subulate pale imbricated ferruginous scales, stipes 1~2 inches long, distant ; fronds firm-coriaceous, very rigid, glabrous polished, 4-9 inches long, }—} inch, or rarely more wide, linear- oblong obtuse, the margin thickened and subreflexed, broadly crenate- sinuate, rarely narrowing upwards, but much and gradually attenuated below on the stipes ; costa prominent beneath, costules none, veins anastomosing so as to form oblong, hexagonal oblique areoles, gene- rally quite empty or with rarely a free included veinlet ; sori rather distant oval, arranged in a series close to the margin, deeply sunk in a cyst, forming elevated pustules on the upper side one to each crenature, the margin of the cavity elevated. 57. Ail. Jav. p. 135, 7. BSI bo LzOO2, Sin ID, Ne Sa AVG, TAU 7s WO) Uo ey > BU=Z4: DCNALOM ECA Frege) Arc Mr. Clarke states that this comes between “linearis” type and his variety “steniste,” but both these ferns have different venation, and neither have the sori sunk in cysts; this has the sori always much nearer the margin than the midrib even in the broader forms. Malacca. (Also in the Philippines.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 349 7. PLEOPELTIS sINUOSA. (JVal/.) Rhizome much branched, long-creeping or scandent on trees, sparingly radiculose, half an inch to two inches thick, almost woody when dry, carnose when recent, studded, as it were, with large conical processes upon which the stipes are or have been articulated, and which appear to increase much in size after the fronds have fallen, the whole densely covered (as it were tessellated) with nearly orbicular appressed whitish peltate scales with a dark spot in the centre, stipes 1-2 inches long, glabrous and scaleless ; fronds sub-dimor- phous, subcoriaceous glabrous, sterile ones 3-6-7 inches long, 4-1 inch broad, subelliptical, ob- long obtuse entire, fertile ones longer, sometimes 1 foot — 16 inches long, 3-3 of an inch wide, linear-oblong obtuse, the margins more or less sinuated, the base in both attenuate-decurrent ; ve- nation copiously anastomosing, forming large very irregular areoles filled with lesser ones (formed by more slender veins), and these include branched or simple vein- lets which occasionally again / anastomose ; sori remote, large, Ie oblong, immersed in cysts, which form pustules on the upper side arranged in a single series nearer the margin than the costa. JVall. Ca 224i. nok. SP, ul. v.68. Bead. FB. Tf. ¢. 8. Malacca. (Also in the Solomon Islands, Amboyna and New Hebrides.) (QaZ Wink cas PLEOPELTIS SINUOSA, (/Vai/.) 8. PLEOPELTIS LONGIFOLIA. (JZetten.) Rhizome horizontal, creeping, thick squamose, stipes approximate, 2-3 inches long ; fronds 1-2-3 feet long, 4-1} inch wide, thick, carnose-coriaceous, 350 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, glabrous, linear-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, gradually long atten- uated below on the stipes, entire, the margins subrevolute, venation internal, very indistinct, costules veniform, united by transverse veins 4 into rather large areoles then into irregular lesser ones, which include free veinlets ; sori com- pital oblong, forming a line or series near the margin rather close placed, sunk in cysts, and forming a corresponding elevated line on the upper sur- face, capsules mixed with long- stipitate scales. Metten. Polyp. p: 87. Hook. Sp: Fan eA oo: Bad. TB. TR 7. ae one tiguum, Wall. Cat. 285. Birma and the Malay Peninsula generally, Mergui, Singapore, &c. ; North India, Kumaon. (Also in the Philippines and Malay Islands.) 9. PLEOPELTIS SUPERFI- ciatis. (B27) Rhizome wide- creeping, thick as a crow-quill, the scales ovate and lanceolate acute, spreading, brown shining, stipes up to six inches long, often curved, sometimes with ovate scales; fronds lanceo- N°I96. late-linear (often forked at the PLEOPELTIS LONGIFOLIA. (JAZé7t.) apex), subcoriaceous, narrowed gradually at both ends, the margins entire, 6-12 inches long, by 4-2 inches broad, glabrous; areoles numerous with free veinlets ; sori FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 351 copious scattered irregularly, compital, large or small. Polypodium superficiale, 67. En. Pl. Jav. Fil. 123. Hook. Syn. Fil.355. Bedd. es 2.2.2 75. Khasya Hills, 4,000-6,000 feet elevation, extending to the Naga country to the east, and to Bhotan and Mishmee ; Malay Peninsula. (Also in South China.) to. PLEOPELTIS LANCEOLATA. (Z.) Rhizome long-creeping, paleaceous, with lanceolate ferruginous scales, stipes remote, 1-2-4 inches long; fronds coriaceous, 3-9 inches long, 4-# inch wide, lanceolate, more or less acuminate, long and gradually attenuated at the base, copiously furnished with orbicular ovate, small appressed peltate scales dark in the centre, pale in the circumference and den- ticulate ; veins immersed indistinct, the primary veins form large obliquely elongated areoles, which include very irregular and different sized areoles, and a few free veinlets which are rarely forked; sori generally very large and often exceedingly prominent, pulvinate glo- bose or oval, stalked scales mixed with the spore cases. Polyp. lan- ceolatum, Zzzn. Sp. Fl. 1082. P. lepidota, Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 56. ees schlecht Adunbr., p. 17. Bedd. FS. J. ¢. 181. P. angustata var. depauperata, Clarke, F. WV. J. p. 559. Nilgiris and higher mountains on the West side of the Madras Presidency ; Assam (one poor specimen in Kew Herbarium); Cey- lon, Ambawalla estate. (Also in Tropical America and the West Indies, South Africa and its islands; St. Helena ; Sandwich Islands.) 11. PLEOPELTIS ANGUSTATA. (Szw.) Rhizome _long-creeping, branched, paleaceous with falcate subulate-setaceous scales, stipes remote, 13-4 inches long; fronds 5 inches to a span or more long 42 inches wide, tapering below into a petiole, glabrous above, clothed beneath with cottony tomentum which is deciduous, coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate; venation sunk obscure, costular areoles with free or branched and more or less connected veinlets ; sori very large, subglobose oval, partially sunk in the frond, very convex, A.S.CATTELL &CPENGS. O ID SO GS OF © PLEOPELTIS LANCEOLATA. (Z.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 35 Us forming a single series on each side between the costa and margin, generally towards the apex only, sometimes longitudinally confluent. Su. Syn. Fil. pp. 27 and 224. Niphobolus angustatus, Hood. Sp. Fil. v. 43. Bedd. F. S. J. ¢. 185. Niphopsis, 7. Sm. Pleopeltis macrosora, Pres’. Polypodium spherocephalum, Wad/. Cat. n. 272. Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Malacca, and Penang. South India (?) I have never detected it, though I have a specimen said to have been collected on the Nilgiris, and Hooker gives Tranquebar as a locality. (Also in the Malay Islands and North-east Australia.) 12. PLEOPELTIS NORMALIS. (Joz.) Rhizome scandent, thick as a crowquill, with ovate or lanceolate almost hair-pointed adpressed scales, which carry erect from their backs tufts of linear stiff black-red bristles ; fronds narrowed much at the base, sometimes to the very foot of the stipe, usually broadest near the middle, 1-2 feet long, by 1—2 inches broad, submembranaceous glabrous, a few scattered ovate close-adpressed scales often present on the stipes and near the base of the main rachis beneath ; venation as in linearis, main veins very indistinct and areoles with free included veinlets ; sori large, super- ficial or a little immersed, often in several rows, or irregularly in one row, or rarely regular in one row. Don. Prod. Hl. Nep. 1. Clarke, Pee yeeesao. 00k. .Sy7, Lil. 258,10 part. Bedd. FB, It. vo; P. longifrons, Wol/. Cat. 274. Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan, 4,o00-8,0o00 feet elevation, Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet; Tenasserim on Mooleyit 5,000 feet elevation. B. Main veins distinct to the edge, or nearly to the edge. 13. PLEOPELTIS RHYNCOPHYLLA, (//ook.) Rhizome creeping, slender, paleaceous, subsquarrose with subulate ferruginous scales, stipes scattered, slender, 1-2 inches long of the sterile frond, 2-4 of the fertile one ; fronds firm, subcoriaceous, glossy, slightly thickened, remotely crenate, sterile ones 1-2 inches long, elliptical, or subovate, obtuse, fertile ones 3-6 inches long, lanceolate from near the base, 24 354 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. gradually and long-acuminated, below attenuated 5 venation distinct, slightly prominent, the costules connected by transverse veins forming areoles which enclose free veinlets, which latter sometimes va N°ISS. ‘PLEOPELTIS RHYNCOPHYLLA. (Hook.) unite with opposite veins; the sori mostly confined to the narrow acumi- nated apex, and when mature very large in a single series on each side of the costa. ook. Sp. Fil. v. 65. Hook. Tc. Plant. 655 (ort. 55 of Cent. of Ferns.) LHL, IE, T85 LG th On Khasya, 4,000-5,500 feet eleva- tion; Tenasserim on Mooleyit, 5,000 feet elevation. 14. PLEOPELTIS GRIFFITHIANA. (Hook.) | Rhizome wide-creeping, as thick as a crowquill, the scales dense, lanceolate-subulate, brown, spreading ; stipes 3-6 inches long, firm, erect ; fronds 6-8 inches long, up to 23 inches broad, coriaceous, lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, the apex acute, the margin more or less repand, the base rounded or suddenly narrowed ; main veins very distinct to the edge, areoles fine, hidden with copious free simple or forked vein- lets ; sori large, one between each main vein in a single row close to the costa, often extending more than half-way to the base of the frond. ook. Syn. Fil. J B92 Lah IE, Ve IE te USE. Sikkim and Bhotan, 6,o00-9,000 feet elevation. Khasya, 4,000-5,000 feet. 15. PLEOPELTIS OvaTA. (Wall) Rhizome wide-creeping, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 355 thick as a crowquill, scales lanceolate-linear, brown spreading ; stipes 4-8 inches long, firm, erect, slightly scaly below ; fronds 6-12 inches long, up to 3 inches broad, ovate-lanceolate, the apex acute, the margin entire, the base narrowed suddenly, texture herbaceous, both sides glabrous ; main veins distinct to nearly the edge, with copious areoles including free forked veinlets ; sori large irregularly scattered near the costa. Polypodium ovatum, [Val/. Cat. 276. Hook. Syn. Peteeco. Bead. FB. 1. t. 157. Sikkim, Chundaghiri, Bhotan, i Khasya, 4,000 feet elevation, at Bishop’s Falls, Shillong, rare. 16. PLEOPELTIS MEMBRANACEA. (Don.) Rhizome short-creeping, stout, the younger portion palea- ceous, with blackish-green ovate ». acuminate scales ; stipes distant or subaggregated, 1-5 inches long, if longer winged above with the de- current base of the frond; fronds 6 inches to 2-3 feet long, by less than an inch to 6 inches broad, thin membranaceous and translu- cent, lanceolate or oblong-lanceo- late, or oblanceolate, acuminate, the base long attenuated and much gradually decurrent upon the stipes, glabrous, the margin entire (or rarely more or less deeply sinuate- lobate or pinnatifid, and -even fimbriated throughout the whole length with long narrow unequal segments) ; venation very distinct, main veins horizontal or nearly so, slender, usually remote, connected by transverse veins which form the primary areoles, and these are filled up with irregular net-work, of which the areoles are very unequal and include copious free veinlets ; sori compital, rather small, usually in two series between the costules, more or less numerous according (a AY Me ais ex a a | | | f-/ Pf IGE nie / 7 | | _ (3s PLEOPELTIS GRIFFITHIANA. (Zook.) N2200. RII SEAT Se ay PRIS Rane Uaane ie so) We Cai ga \s oS | AS.CATTELLECOENC 5. (Vall.) PLEOPELTIS OVATA. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. S57) to the width of the frond, rarely reduced to one sorus near the costa, where a single series parallel with the costa is formed, not unfre- quently there are 3-4-5 series (not very regular) between the costa, (in one instance a single series only appears between the costules, and those of a very large size and abnormal in form, often oval or oblong and lying parallel with the costules). Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 2. Flooker Sp. Fil. v.70. Polyp. grandifolium, Wall. Cat. n. 282. Bewetctocarpum, 47. 77/. Jad. p. 164, 2.75. Bedd.f..S. 0. t. 177. Himalayas, from Gurwhal and Bhotan, 3,000-8,000 feet eleva- tion, Khasya, 2,000-5,000 feet, Chota Nagpore, Parasnath ; South India, mountainous tracts on both sides of the Presidency, 2,000-5,000 feet elevation; fronds varying from 3 inch to 5 inches in breadth ; Ceylon. It only appears with the rainy season and dies down in November. 17. PLEOPELTIS ZippELLU. (4/.) Rhizome slender, creeping shortly, scales lanceolate acute; fronds lanceolate, often quite caudate at the apex, narrowed gradually at the base into a short stipe (or more rarely there is a stipe about 2 inches long), subcoriaceous, margin entire or a little undulate, lower part of the rachis beneath sometimes with a few scales ; primary veins prominent and near the margin, areoles copious, with free included simple of forked veinlets ; sori compital in two rows between the primary veins and in about four rows between the costa and margin.. B/. Pl. Jav. Fil. 172, 7. 80. flook. Sp. Fil. v.72. Pleopeltis heterocarpa, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 360, (not Bl.) Bedd. F. B. I. 319, (venation not correct, as not showing the free veintets.) Himalayas, Dalhousie (Dyas), Sikkim and Bhotan, 2,000- 6,000 feet elevation, Khdsya, 2,000-4,000 feet elevation, (not in Ceylon as stated by Clarke). (Also in Java and Philippines.) 18. PLEopELtis pUNCYATA. (Linn. under Acrostichum.) Rhizome scarcely creeping, stout, clothed with brownish ovate or lanceolate scales; fronds 1-3 feet long, r-3 inches broad, lanceolate, subsessile, 358 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. gradually narrowed at the base, acute or blunt at the apex, carnose- coriaceous, very glabrous; venation immersed (visible in a dried state), main veins fine but distinct to the margin, areoles copious, including smaller areoles, in which are free simple or forked veinlets, with clavate apices ; sori compital, very small and scattered very irregularly, generally only on the upper half of the frond. LZzun. Sp. Pl, 1524. Sw. in Schr. Jour. 1800, i. 21. Pleopeltis irioides, Hook. Syn. Fil. 300.) Lead.) 7S. /,¢. 178. \ Wall, Cat, 231, slabrumyandeers. polycephalum. j South India, Western mountains up to about 3,000 feet elevation; Ceylon ; North India, in the Bengal plains, and up to 3,000 feet elevation; Malay Peninsula. (Also in China, Malay Islands, North Australia, Polynesia, Southern and Central Africa and the islands. 19. PLEOPELTIS MUS#FOLIA. (L/.) In every way like punctata, so that the same description will do for both, except that the texture in this is, like that of ni- grescens and hemionitidea, thin and papery, with the veins very prominent, N°201. whilst punctata has fleshy leaves, in tex- EEO EUS eUNCEATAS ture) like “Rhamnopters, Nidisssses/aeaae ) Sav 17 Hook. Syn. Fil. 36 » fh 5 WO), vok. Syn. Fil. 360. LB th, LR IB Th, thy Bi 4 : Malacca. (Also in the Malay Islands.) 20. PLEOPELTIS HEMIONITIDEA. (JVa//.) Rhizome creeping, scaly, furnished with wiry scaly fibrous roots; stipes scaly, winged upwards ; fronds 6 inches to 14 foot long, 1-2 inches broad, mem- branaceous subchartaceous, subtransparent very dark shining green, broad lanceolate, gradually acuminated into a fine point at the apex FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 359 and gradually attenuated at the base, being winged nearly all down the stipe, entire glabrous, costa slightly scaly beneath near the base ; venation very prominent, main veins blackish, pinnate nearly hori- zontal, areoles in about five series, subquadrate, in which are free veinlets which are either simple or forked, but without clavate apices ; sori compital, rather large, forming one series between the main veins very irregular in shape and size, subglobose or oblong, or even (by confluence) linear. Wall. Cat. p~. 284. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 73. mee B. 7.2. 182. South India, on the Western mountains, rather common in Coorg, 3,000 feet elevation, rare elsewhere. Himalayas, Nepal, Bhotan, 2,000— ‘ 7,000 feet elevation, Khasya, 1,000 § 5,000 feet elevation, Chittagong, § 1,000 feet elevation. 5 (Also in South China and Ma- | lay Islands.) ay Ltr Ny 21. PLEOPELTIS PTEROPUS. (B7.) Aquatic, rhizome creeping, branched, the young apices only paleaceous, with blackish lanceolate- subulate scales ; stipes more or less apart, 1-3-4 inches to 1 foot long, winged upwards, and as well as the back of the costa and costules fur- =. ase furaceous-squamose; fronds 2-3-9 ~ inches long, 4-13 and 2 inches wide, firm membranaceous, very dark dirty green (when dry often black), lanceolate acuminate entire, or 3-lobate, or 3-partite, or 5-lobed, terminal lobes up to 8 inches long, lateral ones 3-5 inches, below long-tapering into a gradually decurrent wing upon the petiole, glabrous above, margin entire; venation very conspicuous, main veins prominent beneath, rather wide apart. extending about two: thirds of the way to the margin, then uniting and forming large costal a au ay NEN PLEOPELTIS HEMIONITIDEA. (/Vai/.) N°203. (B2.) PLEOPELTIS PTEROPUS. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 361 areoles, within which the sori have their origin, a second series of smaller areoles is formed nearer the margin, and these and the rest of the frond are filled up with a net-work of smaller irregular areoles, including free simple or forked veinlets which have clavate apices ; sori small not very numerous, I-3 in each large areole, compital upon the secondary veins of the primary areole, often confluent into transverse, oblong or linear (grammi- toid) sori. Bl. #7. Jav. Fil. 168, 7. 76. Polypodium tri- dactylon, Wall. Cat. n. 315. flook. Sp. Fil. v.75. Hook. Petre) Wc. Fil. t.. 209. Bed. FB. 1s, 3: North India, Sikkim and Bhotan, 1,000—4,000 feet elevation ; Khasya from no elevation up to 4,000 feet,in the plains at Mymen- singh, Chittagong, plains up to 1,000 feet; Malay Peninsula. (Also in the Philip- pines and South China.) pee. ee Li Caled = 3 al o " \ Var, MINOR. Fronds always small and simple . 3-4 inches long, by 3-2 inch broad, never lobed. Bedd, FS. 1. t. 179. eae) South India, Anamallays and Bolampatty Valley, 3,000—4,000 feet elevation, in rivers on rocks under water, fructifying when the water subsides after the rainy season; Ceylon. This may not be entitled to rank as a permanent variety, as Mr. Clarke says the North PLEOPZLTIS PTEROPUS. VAR. MINOR, 362 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Indian plant is small and simple at the higher elevations; but I never saw 3-lobed examples in South India or Ceylon, or fronds more than about 4 inches long. VAR. ZOSTERZFORMIS. (Wall. Cat. 280.) Fronds very narrow and ribbon-like, 4-7 inches long, by 1-3 lines broad. ook. Syn. fil. 357. Bedd. FB. J. t. 123. Baker is wrong in saying there are no free veinlets ; it differs from the last in no way except in the nar- rowness of the fronds, and it is certainly only a local variety. Tenasserim, beds of rivers at the foot of Mooleyit. KH Fronds deeply pinnatifid. 22. PUROPEIEIS! |) SEASiAGEA: (Thunb.) Rhizome creeping, stout, paleaceous with dense subulate or hair-pointed falcate ferruginous scales; stipes 2-5 inches long ; fronds coriaceous, 2-12 inches and more long, deltoid-ovate acuminate, trifid or deeply pinnatifid to within half an inch of the rachis, with 5-11 segments, which are 3-6 inches long, } to 1 inch wide, very patent from a broad base oblong-lanceolate, very finely acuminated entire or repand or denticulate, thickened at the margin, the lowest ones PLEOPELTIS HASTATA. (Z/wnb.) Cuneate-decurrent, terminal segment ; often the longest and most narrowly acuminated ; venation conspicuous, main veins often prominent. beneath, distant, united by transverse veins forming 3-4 series of primary areoles, which are filled up by lesser ones including free veinlets ; sori large not sunk, arranged in a single series nearer the costa than the margin. Zhunb. Hl. Jap. 335. Polypodium oxylobum, Wall. Cat. 294.. Bedd. F. S. £. ¢. 175: Pleopeltis triidayeoz FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 363 Prod. Hl. Nep.3. Hook. Syn. Fil. 363. Pleopeltis malacodon, Gedd. F., Sup. ¢. 387. Young rhizomes often produce only very small fronds, which are simple or trilobate only; (var. Thunbergii, C/arke). This fern can at once be known from malacodon by the base of the lowest pair of pinnee (7.e., base of the frond) being always a little decurrent on the apex of the stipe, (not scooped out and subcordate) and in being subentire or only a little denticulate instead of acutely serru- late ; Mr. Clarke, however, is wrong in saying that it is always quite entire, my specimens (looked at under a lens) are always more or less toothed. Throughout the Indian region on the mountains; in South India between 5,000-8,600 feet elevation ; in the North 2,000 to 10,000 feet. 23. PLEOPELTIS MALACODON. (//o0k.) In all respects like hastata, only that the base of the frond is scooped out and subcordate (instead of being a little decurrent), and the margins are acutely serrulate, the teeth mucronate or spinescent. ook. Sp. Fil. v. 87, P. Stewartii, Clarke, & NW. I. p. 563, @ variety less serrated. Mr. Baker and Mr. Clarke both protest against this being considered a variety only of hastata, otherwise I should have so placed it, the differences being those of a variety rather than of a species. Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan, 10,0o00-13,000 feet elevation. Var. BMAjuS. (Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 88.) Base of the frond cordate or sometimes decurrent ; pinnee (or rather segments) narrower and longer, and much more erect (z.e. pointing upwards) ; margins less prominently serrated, scales of rhizome blacker. Pleopeltis Stewartii, Bedd. F B. . ¢ 204, and Baker, Syn, Fil. 513 (nol Clarke). Pol. propinquum, var. Wall. P. crytolobum, /. Smith, wes. Clarke; Fy iv. 1, 7. 83. Nepal to Bhotan, 9,o00-12,000 feet elevation (pendant from trees). I think that Sir W. Hooker may be safely followed in con- sidering this only a variety of malacodon. 24. PLEOPELTIS EBENIPES. (/fo0k.) Rhizome stout creeping, 364 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. elongated and knotted with short frondiferous branches, everywhere densely imbricated with intensely black polished ovate lanceolate subcoriaceous concave scales, fuscous-pubescent at the margins, and not hair-pointed; stipes 6-9 inches long, glabrous, glossy; fronds 6-18 inches long, 8—r1o inches broad, cut down to a broadly winged rachis into 6-20 pair of pinne or segments, 3-1} inch broad, the- lowest pair generally deflexed, and either a little decurrent on the stipe, or scooped out and subcordate at their bases, sometimes quite patent as are the other p'nne, all a little serrulate, finely acuminate, e, glabrous, except the rachises which are generally puberu- lous, and the main rachis sometimes scaly beneath; main veins distinct to the margin, areoles with copious free vein- lets ; sori in a single row near the midrib. “A/coz espa: Vv. 08. Bedd. i Bape I cannot separate Clarke’s variety “Oakes” from the type; his variety ‘‘ Parishii” is a Drynaria as far as the Moul- mein plant is concerned ; Jer- don’s Khasya specimen being a single small sterile frond N°206. without rhizome, which may be PLEOPELTIS INCURVATA. (47) ebenipes or hastata. Ebenipes, though closely allied to hastata, seems to be sufficiently distinct as a species in its peculiar rhizome, the fronds both in it and in mala- codon, var. majus, are sometimes cordate, sometimes decurrent at the base ; in malacodon type (in very many. specimens examined) they are always cordate, and in hastata always decurrent. Himalayas, from Ghurwal to Bhotan, 6,o00—12,000 feet elevation. 25. PLEOPELTIS INcURVATA. (B/.) Rhizome creeping, palea- czous, with adpressed scales ; stipes scattered, a span to a foot long FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 365 of the sterile frond, 2 feet of the fertile, glossy brown ; fronds firm- coriaceous glossy dimorphous, sterile ones 6-10 inches long, 8 inches to 1 foot wide, hastate, tripartite, simply ovate or pinnatifid with 4-6 lateral lobes, lobes ovate-acuminate entire horizontal, terminal one very large, all thickened at the margin; main veins distinct, but immersed, other veins internal and very indistinct ; areoles with free included simple or forked veinlets ; fertile fronds very long- stipitate, 10 inches to a foot long, nearly as much wide, very broad- ovate deeply pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, below subpinnate, segments 5-15, 4-8 inches long, very (es remote, linear and acuminate, decurrent at the base; sori large, copious, oval, sunk into a very deep cavity which forms a circular elevated truncated tubercle on the opposite side, occupying the space between the costa and the margin in a single series. B/. Fil. Jav. p. 151, 7. 65. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. apeeeeia. Lh. I, 124. Malacca. (Also in the Malay Tslands.) 26. PLEOPELTIS INSIGNIS. (4/.) Rhizome short-creep- ing, paleaceous, with decidu- PLEOPELTIS INSIGNIS. (A/.) ous ferruginous scales ; stipes 1-2 inches or more long (according to the length of the decurrent wing of the frond); fronds subtriangular-ovate, membranaceous, glabrous, 4-9 inches long (independent of the decurrent wing), and nearly as much broad, subdeltoid, deeply pinnatifid, with 5-9 lance- olate spreading acuminate segments ; the base of the fronds subcu- neate and decurrently attenuated so that the stipes is winged for the 366 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. greater part or even the whole of its length ; venation distinct, main veins slender, united by transverse veins, forming 3—4 series of areoles, including free divaricating veinlets; sori very small, compital, gene- rally two on each transverse veinlet, but appearing to be irregularly scattered. 452. 7il, Jav.p. (60,0594. ook. “Sp. Lil. vin Gamaceae JPL S55, Ike BS Malacca. (Also in the Philippines and Java.) 27. PLEOPELTIS PHYMATODES. (Z.) Rhizome very wide-creep- ing, woody, the scales dark brown fibrillose ; stipes 3-12 inches long, firm, erect, glossy; fronds varying from simple oblong lanceolate 6 inches long, to deeply pinnatifid and 3 feet long, lobes numerous entire, acuminate, lanceolate oblong, 4-8 inches long by 1-14 inch broad, texture coriaceous, both sides glabrous ; no distinct main veins, areoles fine with copious free veinlets ; sori large, more or less immersed, 1-2 serial or scattered. Linn. Mant. p. 360. Hook. Syn. Fil. 364. edd. F. S. £, 173. Polyp. alternifolium, /Va//. Cat. 289, type sheet. ; Ceylon ; Malabar and Travancore, cultivated only (?); Malay Peninsula. (Also throughout the.tropics of the old world, the continent of India excepted.) 28. PLEOPELTIS LONGISSIMA. (A/.) Rhizome wide-creeping ; the scales ovate adpressed ; stipes 3~4 feet long, glossy straw-coloured ; fronds 1-4 feet long, 6-12 inches broad, cut down very nearly to the rachis (often leaving only the narrowest sign of a wing) into 3-20 erect-patent acuminate linear subentire segments or pinnze, which are 1_4 inch broad, texture papery, both sides glabrous ; primary veins not very distinct, areoles numerous, with free included simple or forked veinlets, with slightly clavate apices ; sori in close single rows near the midrib, deeply sunk and forming papille on the upper surface. Bl. Hn. Fl. Jav. Fil.127. Hook. Syn. Fil. 366. Bedd. F. Sup. 388. Wall. Cat. 289, 3rd sheet (alternifolium, var. poly- phyllum). FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 367 Assam, Gowhatty, Sylhet, Furidpore (floating in jheels.) (Also in the Philippines, Formosa, and Malay Islands.) 29. PLEOPELTIS NIGRESCENS. (4/.) Very like longissima, but the wing to the rachis broader and the pinnz broader (1-13 inches), rather more crisp in texture and the veins more prominent ; it is pethaps only a variety, but I have never seen longissima in a wild sane, D7, Fen. fil. Jav. 127. P. longissima, edd. F. S. Z. 176. Wall. Cat. 289, 2nd sheet (alternifolium). South India, on rocks, about the foot of the Western mountains, (foot of Sispara and Carcoor ghats), not ascend- ing the mountains to any ele- vation, and never growing in water; Ceylon. An exceed- ingly handsome fern. 30. PLEOPELTIS DILATATA. (WVall.) Rhizome stout creep- ing, paleaceous with ovate reticulated scales; stipes 14 footand more long, but strongly winged the whole length by PLEOPELTIS NIGRESCENS. (Z/.) the decurrent base of the frond; fronds ample 13—2 and 3 fect long, a foot and more wide, membranaceous, light-green, glabrous, oblong- ovate, pinnatifid to within }—1 inchof the rachis (less towards the base), segments 6-11, 5-8 inches long (shorter towards the apex), #—1}§ inch wide, oblong-lanceolate acuminate, subentire, suddenly decurrent ; main veins wavy, forming large primary areoles which extend two- thirds of the way to the margin and include the sori, these and the rest of the segments are occupied by lesser irregular areoles including many free veinlets, their branches moderately divaricating; sori nu- merous, very small, often oval or more or less elongated, compital on 368 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. the secondary veins and veinlets. Wadl. Cat. n. 295. Hook. Sp. UMS, fy Sie S810, Si Joi Ny hs LOB. North India, from Nepal to Bhotan, 3,000-8,000 feet elevation, Khasya, 2,000-6,000 feet; Ceylon, forests above Telgamma, 4,000 feet elevation ; Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula. (Also in Samoa.) *E* Fronds pinnate. 31. PLEOPELTIS PALMATA. (A/.) Rhizome stout, the scales large lanceolate; stipes 6—12 inches long, firm, erect, glossy ; fronds 6—18 inches long, 8-12 inches broad, with a linear or linear-ob- long entire or slightly toothed or repand terminal lobe, and 1-6 similar ones on each side, which are 4-14 inch broad, nar- rowed or dilated, always slightly adnate at the base, : ‘ AK long caudate at the apex, PANS : those of the barren frondthe ot / broadest, texture subcori- uy aceous, both sides glabrous; N°209. main veins distinct to the PLEOPELTIS DILATATA, (JVai/.) edge, areoles fine, hidden, including free incurved clavate veinlets ; sori rather large in a single row, midway between the costa and margin. 7. Fil. Jav. POP LAOAMMPLLOOK SV 1 2OOn BCAd. TAB. Lat. usOr Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Penang and Malacca. (Also in the Malay Islands and Philippines.) 32. PLEOPELTIS JUGLANDIFOLIA. (Loz). Rhizome stout creep- ing, with many spreading lanceolate subulate bright-ferruginous scales ; stipes 1 foot or more long, firm, erect, glossy ; fronds 13-2 feet long, 1 foot or more broad ; pinnze 8-10 on a side in pairs, which are 1-2 ABE CATTELL HCONGE, (Von.) PLEOVELLTIS JUGLANDIPFOLIA. 370 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. inches apart, not quite opposite, articulated with the rachis, 1-14 inch broad, the apex caudate ; the margin thickened and wavy, rarely lobed, sessile from a rounded base, or attenuated and petioled, tex- ture subcoriaceous, both sides glabrous ; main veins distinct to the margin ; areoles copious, hidden, including free veinlets ; sori large, one between each main vein, forming a single row, much nearer the midrib than the margin (rarely in two rows). Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. 3. Fook. Syn. Fil. 368. P.capitellata, Wall. Cat. 306. - Bedd. F. B. J. my WD VAR. TENUICAUDA. (//ook.) Pinnz gradually narrowed and acute at the base and petiolate, quite runs into the type and cannot be considered a variety. P. leiorhizon, Wall. Cat. 303, 3rd sheet.. Himalayas, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 2,000~9,000 feet elevation, very common, Khasya, 2,000-5,00c feet. 33. PLEOPELTIS LEHMANNI. (Mett.) Rhizome creeping, clothed with ovate or orbicular glabrous scales, each ending in a very long acumination ; stipes 8 inches or more long, glabrous as well as the rachis and frond; fronds 13-2 feet long, submembranaceous pinnate ; pinnz opposite or subopposite, sessile, articulated at the base (terminal one long petioled), linear oblong entire, with a caudate acumination 4-6 inches long, about # inch broad, superior base obliquely excised, inferior base amplexicaule, the margin entire or slightly repand; main veins evident not extending quite to the margin, connected by the transverse veins which form about 4 series of areoles in which are free simple or forked veinlets with clavate apices ; sori irregular, generally 4-6 in two rows between the main veins. JMett. Poly. p.229. Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 260. Hook. Syn. Fil. Pp: 369. Sikkim, 4,000-8,000 feet elevation ; Birma. (Pleopeltis moulmeinensis, Bedd. F. B. /. ¢. 205, drawn from a single specimen in Mr. Parish’s possession, is probably this, imper- fectly seeding ; it does not agree in habit with juglandifolia.) 34, PLEOPELTIS HIMALAYENSIS. (f/ook.) Rhizome glaucous N°211. | é —— PLEOPELTIS LEHMANNI. AE MATTELLECOENOE. _ (Mell. ) 372 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. creeping, clothed with bright ferruginous hair-like scales ; stipes a span to 1 foot and more long; fronds 1-13 foot long, submembra- naceous, sometimes pubescent or even subtomentose, glabrous sub- coriaceous in age, pinnated, pinnze almost invariably opposite, sessile in distant pairs 5-8-9 inches long, by 13-2 inches broad from an obtuse base, elliptical-oblong, finely and long-caudately acuminated entire, but with a very distinct membranous hyaline margin ; main veins manifest, connected by transverse ones forming areoles, of which one or all are soriferous, these areoles are filled up with a net- ! work of lesser areoles which f : : Ih have free included veinlets ; | sorl often large, 1-2 in the primary areoles, hence they are 1-2 serial between the main veins, and 3~-4 serial in a direction parallel with the costa. A/G0k. Sp. Adenine IHG VAT, Sh BS. 1Polly- podium venustum, Wad/. Cat. 305, not of Desv. Himalayas, 6,000-10,000 feet elevation, from Nepal to Bhotan, Khasya Hills (Jerdon), young plants often have simple or 3-lobed fronds. Mettenius considers it only a variety of Lehmanni. Mr. Clarke calls the tomentose variety, var. niphoboloides, but it graduates into the type. é PLEOPELTIS HIMALAYENSIS. (Z/ook.) 35. PLEOPELTIS LEIORHIZA. (VWéal/.) Rhizome very thick, fleshy, wide-creeping, covered with ovate adpressed peltate, slaty-brown scales ; stipes 1-2 feet long, erect; fronds 2-4 feet long, 1-2 feet broad ; pinnz narrow lanceolate-linear coriaceous acuminate at the apex, margins entire, sessile and rather decurrent at the base, or FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 373 attenuated and petioled, both sides glabrous; main veins scarcely more prominent than the rest, areoles with copious free veinlets ; sori large, in a single row, a little nearer the midrib than the margin. Polypodium, MVadl. Cat. 303, tvpe-sheet. Hook. Syn. Fil. 369. Beda. wise. 7A: South India, common on all the Western mountains, 2,000—4,000 feet, on rocks; North India, from no elevation up to 4,000 feet. TRIBE II.—GRAMMITIDE-. Sori on the back of the lobes, more than twice as long as broad, usually linear. GENUS LXVI.—NOTHOLAENA. (R. &7.) (Vothos, spurious ; /enos, wool—the scales on back of frond pseudo- woolly.) Sori marginal, at first oblong or roundish, soon confluent into a continuous marginal line, without a distinct involucre, but with the edge of the frond frequently inflexed; veins free ; fronds adherent to the caudex, pinnate or bipinnate. 1. NOTHOLANA MARANT&. (L. under Acrostichum.) Rhizome stout, horizontal, densely paleaceous with soft silky ferruginous finely pointed subulate scales; stipes generally stout purplish-black, 3-10 inches long, aggregated, setosely and densely hirsute, as well as the rachis ; fronds 4—1o inches long, 2-23 inches wide, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous above, beneath densely clothed with ferruginous oblong-lanceolate imbricated scales, bipinnate, primary pinnz _ pe- tiolate or sessile from a broadish obtuse base, oblong-acuminate, pinnules not numerous, approximate, sessile, 2-3 lines long, very obtuse entire, upper ones confluent at the base (as are the terminal primary pinnz), the edge scarcely reflexed ; sori forming a broad border extending some way from the margin towards the costule, SS le WIS » Yi ND ss ANY My, \ \Y \ ( ; =< AE CATTELL & C°EHGS. (7.2727.) NOTHOLAINA MARANT-&E. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 375 much concealed by the paleaceous covering. JZznn. Sp. Pl. 1527. Notholena Marantz, &. 4&7. Nothochlena, Hook. Sp. Fil. vy. 120. L317) a ee oa Aa ae Alpine Himalayas, from Kashmir to Kumaon, rare ; Sikkim, g,020—-15,000 feet elevation, Lachen Valley. (Also in South Europe and the Mediterranean region, from Macaronesia to the Caucasus and Abyssinia. ) 2. NOTHOLENA VELLEA. (&. 47.) Stipes densely tufted, woolly, wiry, short; fronds 8-9 inches long, 1-14 inch broad, oblong- lanceolate, bipinnate, pinnze close lanceolate, the central ones the largest, with close roundish or oblong entire or 3-lobed pinnules, texture herbaceous but thick, both sides, especially the lower, coated -with whitish or subferruginous tomentum, rachis bright chesnut- brown, more or less woolly. &. Br. Prod. p. 146. N. lanuginosa, Desv. Look. Syn. Fil. p. 3709. Pangi and Lahul in Chumba, Cashmire. (Also in Afghanistan, South Europe, Madeira, Cape Verd Isles, Algiers.) GENUS LXVII.—MONOGRAMME. (Sché.) (Mono, one ; gramme, a line—sori in a single line on each frond.) Sori subimmersed, linear elongated close to the midrib on one or both sides, the receptacles formed of a portion of the costa; veins consisting only of a costa ; fronds small, grass or rush-like, simple or forked, rhizome creeping. 1. MONOGRAMME PARADOXA. (/é.) Rhizome creeping, hairy ; fronds linear filiform, grass-like, 2-12 inches long, 3-3} line broad ; sori within a vaginiform expansion of the costa, one side of which is larger than the other. ve. Vitt. p. 38. M. Junghuhnii, Hook. S/. » eM t23, eae. 8.1, t.°210, Ceylon, 3,000-5,000 feet elevation, not very common. (Also in Java, Philippines, Queensland and Polynesian Islands.) 1A.S.CAITELL & CO, FINGRAD MONOGRAMME PARADOXA. (¢é). FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. By GENUS LXVIIIL—LEPTOGRAMME. (/. Sm.) (Lefpios, slender; gramme, a line.) Sori arising from the veins over the under surface of the frond, linear or linear oblong, simple; veins free; fronds bi-tripinnatifid, adherent to the caudex, habit and mode of growth of Phegopteris and Lastrea, and only differing from the former in its elongated sori. t. LEPTOGRAMME Totta. (.Sch/.) Rhizome scarcely creeping, stipes subtufted, 6-12 inches long, pilose, below scaly; fronds 12—18 inches long, 6-8 inches broad, pinnate, both sides pilose, pinnze lanceolate, 2-1 inch broad, pinnatifid half-way to the midrib, lobes blunt, entire or subentire, 13-2 lines broad, herbaceous in texture ; veinlets simple 5—7 on each side with the linear oblong sori medial. Schlecht, Adumbr. 15, ¢. 6. Hook. Syn. Fil. 376. Grammitis Totta, Bedd. F. S. f. t. 49. South India, very common on the mountains on the west side at the highest elevations; Ceylon at the highest elevations; North India, North-west Himalayas, Kashmir to Bhotan, 6,000 feet elevation, rare, Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet elevation, common. (Also in Java, China, Japan, and Africa and its islands.) 2. LEPTOGRAMME AURITA. (/fZook.) Rhizome extensively creeping ; stipe 1 foot long, naked, glossy, the base curved and furnished with a few deflexed ovate acute scales ; fronds up to 2 feet long, and x foot broad, pinnate, pinnze in distant pairs pinnatifid nearly or quite to the rachis into lanceolate entire or crenate lobes, the lowest on one or both sides longer than the others and pinnatifid, the others sometimes unequal, texture subcoriaceous, rachis glossy, both surfaces generally glabrous ; veinlets mostly forked ; sori oblong. Hook. Syn. Fil. 377. Gymnogramme, Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 141. Grammitis aurita, Bedd. & B.T. ¢. 152. Sikkim and Bhotan, 3,000-6,000 feet elevation, Assam, Khasya, 2,000-5,000 feet elevation. VAR. LEVINGII. (C/arke.) Fronds weak and flaccid, pinnee 13 inch FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 379 long only, and 2 inch brozd, not auriculate, lower ones very distant, all sparingly covered on both sides with long needle-like weak hairs. Clarke, F. NV. I. p. 568. Kashmir, Jhelum and Chittapani valleys, 4,000-7,000 feet elevation (Levinge), Sutlej, 9,0co feet elevation (Stewart). 3. LEPTOGRAMME OPACcA. (Sf7.) Stipes 13 and more feet long, tufted, scaly near the base ; fronds 2 feet and more long 12-15 inches LEPTOGRAMME AURITA. (/Zo0k,) LEPTOGRAMME OPACA, (fz ) wide at base, subdeltoid-ovate acute membranaceous, pubescent on the rachises and costz, bipinnate, lower primary pinnz petiolate 6-8 inches long, 3-4 inches wide, oblong-ovate, their pinnules an inch wide, oblong sessile and adnate, and slightly decurrent at the base, obtuse or acute, pinnatifid, the lobes retuse or emarginate and toothed; veins pinnate in each lobe of the pinnules or large segments, veinlets forked or simple, soriferous towards the base of the lower branches; sori oblong. //eok. Syn, Fil. 378. Gymno- 380 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. eramma, Hook, Sp. Fil. v. p. 143. Spr. Syst. Veg. wv. 39. Bedd. F. B. J. t. 238. Gynnogramma obtusata, B/. Fil. Jav. p. 97, t. 43. and Fook. Sp. Fil. v. 143. Nepal to Bhotan, 4,000-7000 feet elevation; Khasya, 3,000- 5,000 feet elevation. (Also in Java.) GENUS LXIX.—STEGNOGRAMME. (S72) (Stegnos, a cover ; gramme, a line.) As in Leptogramme, only the veinlets of contiguous groups uniting as in Nephrodium, fronds pinnate ; habit and mode of growth of Nephrodium and Goniopteris, only differing from the latter in its linear sori. I. STEGNOGRAMME ASPIDIOIDES. (//ook.) Fronds hairy on both sides, especially the veins, ovate-lanceolate acuminated, pinnate, firm-membranaceous, pinnze opposite or alternate, sessile subtruncate or adnate at the base, 3-4 inches long, rarely an inch wide, oblong- lanceolate, pinnatifid 3-4 the way to the midrib; veins 5-6 pair, 2-5 lower united, with an excurrent spurious vein reaching to the sinus, those in the lobes free, all soriferous ; sori linear-oblong, nearly the length of the veins. Hook. Sp. Mil. v. 150. Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 172. IQUE, HE, J855 1 hs TiN, Khasya, 4,000-6,000 feet elevation ; Ceylon (?) (Also in Java.) GENUS LXX.—GYMNOGRAMME. (Desv.) (Gymnos, naked ; gramme, a line.) Sori arising from the veins over the under surface of the frond ; linear or linear-oblong, forked or sometimes simple ; veins forked, veinlets free; fronds various, adherent to the caudex, habit and mode of growth of Cheilanthes. a Nines Ty a ( ; ca SLAVS Nw ren De i j / y SQVV\\ \ ee a \ ees LA S.CATTEILE SO FMS. STEGNOGRAMME ASPIDIOIDES, (/00k.) 382 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. with numerous black wiry roots; stipes tufted, 1-2 inches long, shaggy, with long soft golden hairs; fronds (including stipes) 1-4 inches long, $ inch broad, membranaceous pinnated, copiously hairy, especially beneath, pinne sessile, cordate-ovate or oblong- ovate, pinnatifid or crenated ; costa not very prominent, veins pinnate GYMNOGRAMME ANDERSONI. (Ledd.) in the lower segments of the pinne, forked or simple in the others, all free and not reaching the margin ; sori forked copious. edd. fF. B. It. 190. Hook. Syn. Fil. 380. Kumaon, Soondadunga Valley, on dry rocks, 13,000 feet elevation. 2. GYMNOGRAMME LEPTOPHYLLA. (JLesv.) Root a small annual FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 38 Oo tufted mass of fibres; stipes tufted, glossy brown, slender, filiform, 1—4 inches long; fronds small 2-4 inches long, 1-1} inch broad, delicate, membranaceous very transparent, ovate or deltoid, all fertile, varying from reniform crenated to variously pinnate or bi-tripinnate, those on the shorter stipes being less compound, pinne spathulate to obovate, decurrent, deeply crenated, lobes entire or sertulate; veins simple or forked, not reaching the margin ; sori Ny N° 220, GYMNOGRAMME LEPTOPHYLLA. (Desv.) oblong, simple or forked. Desv. Journ. Bot. i. p. 26. Hook. Sp. Lil, v. 136. Bedd. F. S. 2. ¢. 270. Anogramma, Link, Western ghats of the Peninsula of India, Ootacamund, Ma- hableswar, Suttara Fort walls. (Also in Europe, the Azores, Madeira, Canaries, Africa, Persia, Australia, New Zealand, South America.) 384 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 3. GYMNOGRAMME MICROPHYLLA. (/fook.) Stipes densely tufted, 2-4 inches long, slender, fragile, glossy brown; fronds 13-3 inches long, deltoid quadripinnatifid, pinnz close, the lower ones deltoid, pinnules deltoid, ultimate segments }—} of an inch, obovate- oblong, texture pellucid-herbaceous ; veins and ,sori one to each ultimate segment. /fook. Syn. Fil. 383. edd. & B. J. ¢. 148, (habit of leptophylla, but not annual.) GYMNOGRAMME MICROPHYLLA. (ook.) Khasya, Surareen, 5,000 feet elevation, Sikkim, Tonglo, 7,000— 10,000 feet elevation, Sinchal, 8,000 feet elevation, Dikeeling, 7,500 feet elevation. GENUS LXXI.—~SYNGRAMME. (/ Sm.) (Syz to unite ; gramme, a line—sori often in united lines.) Sori long linear, arising from the veins and veinlets on the under surface, veins forked close to the midrib or higher up, veinlets parallel N2&222 WN hi L baby bys Wy / y Le / NY, YW AE CATTFILECOINGS. | | | | | (Lon. ) SYNGRAMME FRAXINEA. 26 386 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. simple and sometimes anastomosing, or regularly anastomosing near the margin, forming a continuous marginal vein, with one or more series of marginal areoles ; fronds various, adherent to the caudex; habit of Diplazium. 1. SYNGRAMME FRAXINEA. (Don. under Diplasium.) Rhizome creeping ; stipes naked, glabrous, 1-4 feet long ; fronds 1-4 feet long, simply pinnate with the pinnz a foot or rather more long, attenuated at the base, stalked, and 2 inches broad, or bipinnate, the secondary pinnee 3 inches long by 2 inch broad, sessile or subsessile with a broad rounded base, in both forms finely acuminate, texture firm- herbaceous, glabrous, or a little pilose beneath, entire or subentire, or finely toothed ; veins very close, forked from the base near the midrib, or much higher up, one or both of the branches often again forked, rarely joining with the next group of veins ; sori running along all the branches, but stopping far short of the margin. Dipla- zium fraxineum, Doz. #7. WVep. 12-13. Gymnogramma javanica, (Bi), Bead. F.S. f. t.'232, the pinnate form. Ls Beit peer bipinnate form. G. serrulata, Bl. Fl. Jav. Fil. 113. Wall. Cat. 3 and 11. Himalayas, from Chumba to Bhotan, 1,000-8,000 feet elevation, very common ; Khasya, 1,000-5,000 feet elevation ; Ceylon, 5,000— 6,000 feet elevation ; Malay Peninsula, Tenasserim, &c. (Also in the Malay Islands; South Pacific Islands, Africa and Japan.) This Fern should certainly be associated with ‘‘ Wallichii” and “ alismeefolia,” with which it quite agrees in habit, the anastomosing of the veins is rare, but I detect it in all my specimens. N [or 2. SYNGRAMME VESTITA. (Wall. Cat. 12.) Stipes tufted 3-6 inches long, wiry, more or less matted, the scales at the. base densely tufted, silky; fronds linear, simply pinnate, 6-12 inch long, 1-13 inches broad ; pinnze 7-14 on each side, in distant subopposite pairs, ovate, stalked, entire, or often with an auricle at the superior base, texture thick but flaccid, the rachis and both sides, but more especially the under, densely coated with fine velvety ferruginous hairs; veihs FERNS OF BRITISH JNDIA AND CEYLON. 387 forked or pinnate, where pinnate the lower branches generally anastomose ; sori universal Dye onthe veins. .Gedd. /. B. = 7.¢.154. Grammitis vestita, — Wall. Cat. 12. Gymno- gramme vestita, /Zook. Sy. fil. 379 Himalayas from Chum- ba to Nepal, 6,000-9,000 feet elevation. (Also in China.) 3. SYNGRAMME WaAL- LICH. (Aook.) Stipes tufted up to 20 inches long, firm, glossy brown, fibrillose near the base ; fronds up to one foot long by 23 inches broad, elliptic - lanceolate, simple, acuminate, entire at the margin, the base narrow- ed very gradually, texture subcoriaceous, both sides glabrous; veins fine parallel, simple, or forked from the base or much higher up, rarely joining with the con- tiguous group about the centre, but all anastomosing y nearthemargin and forming — 4 2-3 small oblong hexagonal \ i areoles; sori on all the \ straight veins, but scarcely N°223. “of extending to anastomosing onesnearthemargin. edd. F. B. J. t. 153, Gymnogramme, Look. Sp. Hil. v. p. 155, ¢. 302 SSS a Se SSS Ay, J yey SYNGRAMME Vestita. (J add.) (Hook.) \. —— 7 / SE ai) = IDS / i, SELLIGUEA FEEI, N°224. SYNGRAMME ALISMEFOLIA. (Zook.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 389 Singapore. (Also in Borneo.) 4. SYNGRAMME ALISMAFOLIA. (ffook.) Caudex creeping ; stipes a span to a foot and more long, blackish-purple ; fronds subco- riaceous, simple 5-8 inches long, 2} inches wide near the base, from a rounded base, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, finely acuminated ; veins numerous, approximate, simple or forked, anastomosing near the margin into 1-2 series of oblong hexagonal areoles ; sori narrow- linear on all the straight veins, but scarcely extending to the anasto- mosing ones. Bedd. F. B. J. ¢ 240. Gymnogramme, Hook. Sp. #51. Ve 355. Singapore. GENUS LXXII.—SELLIGUEA. (Bory.) (After Selligue, a Frenchman.) Veins prominent, compound, anastomosing, with free included veinlets in the areoles ; sori long linear ; fronds simple, pinnatifid or rarely pinnate, articulate with the caudex; habit and mode of growth of Pleopeltis, from which genus it only differs in the sori being long linear. * Fronds simple. I. SELLIGUEA FEE]. (Hook.) Rhizome firm, wide-creeping, the scales bright brown, fibrillose ; fronds dimorphous, the sterile ones 3-44 inches long, 13-24 inches broad, on stems 33-6 inches long, the fertile ones narrower and more contracted at the base on stems 6-10 inches long, both acute, entire, very coriaceous and glabrous ; main veins very prominent to the margin, + inch apart, veinlets obscure, forming copious areoles, with free included clavate venules ; sori linear immersed in single rows, rarely interrupted, between the main veins, not quite reaching the margin. ook. Syn. Fil. 389. Sp. #4 V. 158, Deed, FB. 1. 7%. 1st. Malay Peninsula, Penang, Singapore. (Also in the Malay Islands.) 390 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 2. SELLIGUEA HAMILTONIANA. (Wadl/.) Rhizome wide-creep- ing, woody, the scales brown, linear ; fronds dimorphous, the sterile ones 4-6 inches long, 23-4 inches broad, elliptic oblong, entire, glabrous, acuminate, very gradually tapering at the base, the stipes 2-5 inches long, winged towards the apex by the decurrent base of the frond, fertile ones 4—8 inches long by 1-14 inch broad, on stipes more than 1 foot long, texture rather thin, with the venation con- spicuous ; main veins very distinct to the edge, with copious inter- mediate areoles, with free included veinlets ; sori in broad continuous rows, one between each main vein and parallel with them. Grammitis Hamiltoniana, Wall. Cat. 9. Gym- nogramme, Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 160. JEG 18s Soy Ih th, BEG) North and East Bengal, from Nepal to Mishmee and Chittagong, the plains up to 4,000 feet elevation. (Also in Yunan.) 3. SELLIGUEA~ CAUDIFORMIS. ({Hook.) Rhizome woody, creeping, the scales large, pale-brown, lanceo- late ; stipe 6-9 inches long, firm, erect, glossy, pale-brown ; frond 6—9 SE er AUED Apa ONTSCAN inches long, ovate-oblong, acuminate, (Wall.) the sterile ones 3—4, the fertile ones 1~2 inches broad, texture coriaceous, both sides naked; main veins distinct to the edge, areoles with copious free clavate veinlets ; sori in one continuous or interrupted row between the main veins. Hook. Sp. v. p. 158. Bot. Mag. ¢. 5328. Syn. Fil. 380. The Malay Peninsula, Tenasserim and Mergui, (xearly allied to Feet.) (Also in the Malay and Polynesian Islands and New Caledonia.) A_S CATTELIGLOFNGS. SELLIGUEA ELIIPTICA, (ZAznh ) 292 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. * * Fronds compound. 4. SELLIGUEA ELLIPTICA. (Zhunb.) Rhizome woody, wide- creeping; stipes up to 2 feet or more long, erect, naked, straw-coloured ; fronds 12-18 inches long, by 6-12 inches broad, generally pinnatifid nearly to the rachis into 4-10 pinne on each side, sometimes subpalmately divided into 3-5 lobes, more rarely quite simple, or quite pinnate; lobes or pinne linear-oblong acuminate, $-1} inch broad, texture subcoriaceous, quite glabrous; main veins slender not distinct to the edge, areoles unequal, with copious free included clavate veinlets ; sori linear oblique, reaching the midrib but not the margin, sometimes interrupted and punctiform. Polypodium ellipticum, Zhunb. Hl. Jap. 335. Selliguea decurrens, Hook. Syn. Fil. 389, edd. F. B. J. ¢. 150. Wall. Cat. 5 and 776. Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan; Khasya, elevation 2,000-5,000 feet; Malay Peninsula, Tenasserim. (Also in the Philippines, Queensland and Formosa.) 5. SELLIGUEA Maincayi. (aker.) Stipe 14 feet, dull brown, naked ; fronds deltoid, under 1 foot long pinnate, with 5 oblong- lanceolate pinnee, the end one largest, 5-6 inches long, 2-22 inches broad, slightly repand, narrowed gradually at the base, the lowest pair distant, texture membranaceous, glabrous, main veins distinct to the edge, + inch apart, areoles copious, minute, with free included veinlets ; sori very copious, minute irregular, punctiform or confluent in lines or curves. Laker in Hook. Syn. Lil. p. 517. Malacca. GENUS LXXIII—LOXOGRAMME. (P7res/) (Zoxos, oblique ; gramme, a line.) Characters of Selliguea, but differing in the fronds being adherent to the caudex (not articulate), and in their flaccid leathery texture and hidden venation. tT. LOXOGRAMME LANCEOLATA. (Sz. under Grammitis.) Rhi- FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 39 Od zome slender, wide-creeping ; scales small, linear, brown; fronds 6— 8 inches long by }—# inch broad, linear lanceolate, the apex acute, the margin entire, the lower third narrowed gradually into a very short stipe, texture thick, coriaceous but flaccid, both sides glabrous ; venation obscure, costal areoles numerous, small, without, or more rarely with, free included veinlets, the midrib much more slender than in zzzvoluta ; the sori shorter and often nearly parallel, or quite parallel, with the midrib. Grammitis lanceolata, Sw. Syv. Fil. 22, 212, ¢. meee eee llioues. -/o0n) Syx. Jal 387. Sp. HU. v..156. ([Loxo- gramma lanceolata, Bedd. & S. J. ¢. 51. Southern India, Nilgiris and the higher Western mountains, 6,000-8,000 feet elevation, (rare compared with zzvoluta). Ceylon, above Newera Elya, rare; Khasya, 4,000-5,000 feet elevation. (Also in China, Japan, Fiji, Samoa, and Africa, with its eastern islands.) 2. LOXOGRAMME INVOLUTA. (Don. under Grammitis.) Rhizome stout, creeping, the scales lanceolate, brown ; fronds 8-18 inches long, by 1-23 inches broad, lanceolate, the apex acuminate, the margin entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually into a short broad compressed stipe ; texture thick coriaceous, but flaccid, both sides glabrous ; venation obscure, areoles copious with free included vein- lets; sori in long parallel very oblique lines reaching from the midrib nearly to the margin. Don. Hl. Nep. 14. Selliguea, ook. Sp. Hil. v. 155. Syn. Fil p. 387. Loxogramma involuta, Bedd. eee elerath On) all. (Cal. 6.7, and 10. Very common on the mountains throughout the Indian region ; Himalayas, 2,000-7,000 feet elevation; Southern India and Ceylon, 5,000-8,000 feet. Perhaps only a large form of Janceolata. Baker says there are no free included veinlets, but I find them always present in this plant, (Sir J. Hooker says sometimes), generally absent though some- times present in lanceolata. (Also in the Malay Islands and Polynesia.) 3. LoxocraMME Aventa. (Baker.) Rhizome creeping ; stipe Ke @ ~ od AS CATTELLRCOENSS. LOXOGRAMME INVOLUTA. (/o7z.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 395 about rinchlong, fronds glabrous, coriaceous, 18-20 inches long, linear- oblong, spathulate, broader up- wards, but narrowed and acute at the apex, about 3 inches wide in the widest part, glabrous on both sides, texture less coriaceous than in the last two; venation more evident, reticulated with free veinlets in some of the areoles, no prominent costules though the primary veins are slightly thicker than the others; sori in narrow linear more or less flexuose, parallel lines in the upper portion of the frond not touching the costa nor extending to the margin. Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 388. Bedd. VA FB. 1. t. 266. UZA The Malay Peninsula, LOXOGRAMME AVENIA. (Scher.) Penang. (Also in the Malay Islands.) GENUS LXXIV.—BRAINEA. (/. Sm.) (After C. Braine who first introduced the fern.) Sori linear, simple or branched, usually on the veins which form the costal areoles and on the bases of the free transverse ones, often more extended and confluent ; veins united so as to form one series of oblong or triangular costal areoles, the rest free, simple or forked, and generally all free towards the apex of the pinne; caudex erect, arborescent ; fronds pinrated continuous with the caudex. 1. BRAINEA INSIGNIS. (//ook.) Caudex as thick as a man’s N°230. Au yh TS SO B a ao 0) RF p ae el V ioe DX A V4 if ff SS of yy ? Vy) if A fy a ¢ Lo GE) ? sf } 4 y id y ¢ “ y é Up é i ff GA ei fle /f i #2 fi } Vi te Cees yf j : rif 4 é y j y, ff Lh if) Yi if ky Ya of Y Z i i] y Vi f / i i at / 7 f / fs - ff ; Say é ff cay, soe a ae (Kany ; £ yf y j f ? ey, aaa) \ SN RG \ \ 4, SAN YK \ \ , ey \ \ 4 | AS LATTES BOIS NOS. BRAINEA INSIGNIS. (ook) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 397 arm, clothed with shaggy dark-brown ferruginous subulate-lanceolate scales, 3-1 inch long; stipes stout, firm, 3-4 inches long, scaly only at the base ; fronds coriaceous bright-green (Lomaria-like), pinnate, or occasionally below partially bipinnate; pinnz numerous, close, horizon- tal, 5-6 inches long, 4 lines broad, base cordate, linear-oblong, acumi- nate, finely serrate. Zook. Syn. Fil. 390. Bedd. F. B. J. t. 139. Khasya Hills, 3,000—4,000 feet elevation, Pomrang and Jainka ; Malay Peninsula, in Tenasserim, the fir forests (Parish), on Mooleyit, 4,000 feet (Beddome.) (Also in Hong Kong.) GENUS LXXV.—MENISCIUM. (Schreb.) (Meniskos, cresent ; shape of fructification,) Sori naked, oblong or linear, occupying the transverse connivent veinlets ; veins pinnate, veinlets numerous, the opposite ones uniting in an arc or angle, and sending out from the angle a free or con- tinuous venule ; fronds simple or pinnate, (only differs from Goni- opteris in the shape of the sori.) 1. MENISCIUM TRIPHYLLUM. (.Sw.) Rhizome firm, wide-creeping, with chesnut lanceolate-linear scales at the extremities ; stipes slender, slightly pubescent, of the fertile frond 1 foot long or more, of the sterile often shorter ; fronds 3-foliate or with 5 or more pinne, the terminal one much the largest, all oblong-lanceolate with a broad base and acute apex, about 4-6 inches long by #-13 inch broad, stalked or subsessile, margin entire or subrepand, the fertile ones often narrower, texture herbaceous, slightly pubescent beneath; areoles 6-9 between midrib and margin. Sw. Syn. Hil. 19, 206. Hook. Syn. 245 39%. bead. &.S, 7.7.56. Wall. Cat. 6x. South India, Bolampatty Valley, Anamallays, Travancore, 2,000 ~3000 feet elevation, gregarious and forming very large beds, nearly always trifoliate, rarely 5-foliate ; Ceylon, Matale and Saffragam, 2,000- 3,000 feet; North India, Eastern Bengal, Cachar, Chittagong, Sikkim, at no great elevation; Malay Peninsula. (Also in China and Philippines.) N& 231. A.S. CATTELL & C®, ENGRAS MENISCIUM TRIPHYLLUM. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 399 Var. (3 PaRIsH, pinne 9-13, Tenasserim and Mishmee. Bedd. F. B. J. ¢. 184; this probably runs into the type, but there is nothing like it in South India. 2. Meniscium Tuwalresil. (//ook.) Rhizome wide-creeping, thick as a crowquill, stipes 9-12 inches long, angled, naked except at the base, fronds 8—ro inches long, 4-6 inches broad at base, deltoid or subdeltoid, the apex acuminate and more or less pinnatifid, below which are several linear oblong rather deeply crenated << = 5 S BFS Wt GZ td] N° 233. MENISCIUM THWAITESII. (Zooz.) MENISCIUM SALICIFOLIUM. (/Vad/.) pinnz, the lowest stalked, the others sessile or subsessile, 3-1 inch broad, often suddenly narrowed at the base, texture herbaceous, below a little pubescent, above glabrous or nearly so, except the costa; areoles generally 5 series between the costa and margin. Licok. Syn. Fil. p. 391. Bedd. FS. Tf. t. 223. South India, Nilgiris, west slopes below Sispara, 3,000 feet elevation ; Ceylon, Matale, 3,000 feet elevation. 3. Meniscium sALiciroLium. (Wadl.) Stipe 1 foot or more long, stramineous or pale-brown, glossy; fronds 12-18 inches long, AOO FERNS OF BRITISH JNDIA AND CEYLON. and up to 1 foot broad; pinne numerous 3-13 inch apart, 4-8 inches long by 4-$ inch wide, narrowed very gradually from the middle to both ends, the apex being long acuminate, the margins entire or nearly so, texture subcoriaceous, rachis and both sides glabrous, main veins oblique, 1 line apart, areoles 4-5 between the midrib and margin, excurrent venules generally free ; sori oblong, formed of two confluent rounded ones. JVall. Cat. n. 63. Hook. S\@o Lille BOs Lexaetis, Teh, 1b Ihe Uo OXON, Malay Peninsula, Penang and Singapore. 4. MENISCIUM CUSPIDA- TUM. (£/.) Stipes 1-2 feet long, stout, naked ; fronds 2— 4 feet long, pinnate, pinne numerous upto about 18 inches long and 3 inches broad, ob- long or elliptic lanceolate, the apex long acuminate or caudate,the margin subentire or crenated, the base gradually or z suddenly narrowed, generally somewhat stalked, texture _ subcoriaceous, rachis and both sides glabrous or slightly pu- \ bescent ; main veins promi- ‘nent, areoles 6-20 between the midrib and the margin. Bl. En, Pl. fav. Fil. 114. Hooker, Syn. Fil. 392. Bedd. F. B. I. t. 309. M. longifrons, Wall. Cat. 60. North India. The plant figured is the same as Blume’s type, with narrower more attenuated pinnze and comparatively few areoles ; it is from Sylhet, 250 feet elevation, and from Jaintea, Jowye, 4,000 feet elevation, it is not common in North India, also inhabits Java and the Philippines. The variety with broader pinne and about 20 areoles (Wallich’s type of longifrons) is very common on the MENISCIUM CUSPIDATUM. (4/.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 401 Himalayas and Khasya, from 500-4,0o00 feet, and Mr. Clarke makes it a separate variety, under the name of longifrons ; it, however, graduates into the type, I believe it is not separated at Kew, nor are there any characters to distinguish it; they both have the costa very red sometimes, Mr. Clarke also gathered small specimens with simple fronds (not in fruit, however). (Mr. Clarke is quite wrong in referring Gymnopteris costata, var. deltigera, to this genus, it has quite different venation.) GENUS LXXVI.—ANTROPHYUM. (Kauzif) (Antron, a cave, hollow ; p/ya, I grow.) Sori reticulated or interrupted, carried { along the veins in line, the receptacles \ immersed and forming grooves, or super- ficial; veins uniform reticulated ; fronds adherent to the caudex, simple, with or without a defined midrib, fleshy-coriaceous in texture, all the species closely allied. | 1. ANTROPHYUM RETICULATUM. (Kaulf.) Stipe none or very short, the frond being decurrent down to the base ; fronds 6-15 inches long, by 1-14 inch broad, linear-lanceolate or acuminate, very gradu- ally narrowed downwards; midrib none or sometimes present towards the base of Wi the frond, the areoles very long and Konan w narrow and distinctly raised on the upper AN?TROPHYUM RETICULA- surface ; sori immersed, sometimes con- TUM. (Aau/f.) Muent;, Aew/7, fee, 37d Dim. Poug. 14. Bedd. F. §. Jt. t. 231. Ant. coriaceum, Wall. Cat. 43. Ant. semicostatum (B7.), ook. Syn. Fil. 393. All the South Indian, Ceylon, and North Indian specimens seem to me to belong to one species ; ‘‘coriaceum” is sa‘d to differ 27 VTAGINEUM. (Kazdf.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 403 by being plicate on the upper surface, but this peculiarity occurs also in the South Indian plant and is nota specific character ; reticulatum can always be distinguished from “plantagineum ” by its longer and narrower fronds, and generally also by the presence of numerous barren sporangiastra. South India, rare, on the Tinnevelly and Travancore Moun- tains, 3,000 feet elevation ; Ceylon, southern and central provinces, up to 4,000 feet; Himalayas and Khasya, up to 5,000 feet ; Malay Peninsula. (Also in Polynesia and Queensland.) Var. £6 #£PARVULUM. (42.) Fronds very small, 1-4 inches long, by 4-4 inch broad. Antr. parvulum (57), Fil, Jav. 78, ¢. 34. Hook. Sp. teenie. bead. Fr B. TL, £257. Sikkim, Yoksun, 4,500 feet, Khasya; Penang. (Also inJava.) 2. ANTROPHYUM PLAN- TAGINEUM. (Kaw/f.) Stipe distinct, 1-4 inches long; fronds oblong, broadest to- wards the apex, then suddenly narrowed into an acute point, 4-10 inches long, and up to 2 inches broad, no midrib or an inconspicuous one towards the base ; sori deeply immersed, some- times distinctly raised on the upper surface making the frond plicate above. Kaulf, Bory. in Voy. de la Cog. Bot. Cryp. ¢t. 28. Bedd. F. S. I. 4. 52 (reticulatum). South India, on the Western mountains, 2,000-5,500 feet ANTROPHYUM LATIFOLIUM. (£7.) 404 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. elevation, not very common; Ceylon, central provinces ; Himalayas and Khasya up to 5,000 feet; Malay Peninsula. (Also in the Malay Islands, Philippines and Polynesian Islands.) 3. ANTROPHYUM T.ATIFOLIUM. (7.) Stipe long up to 7 inches ; fronds large, broadly obovate or round, up to 4? inches wide, acuminate or acutely lobed at the apex, no midrib ; sori superficial or immersed, with the frond plicate above. 6/7. #7. Jav. Fil.75. Bedd. F. B. J. oy UG(D Sikkim and Bhotan, 2,000-6,000 feet ; Assam and Khasya 1,000—4,000 feet elevation. (Also in Java.) Supposed to differ from the last by the sori being superficial ; they however are deeply immersed in some of my specimens, so it only differs in its much broader frond and longer stipes; all the three so-called species are probably only varieties of one plant. GENUS LXXVII.—VITTARIA. (Sm.) ( Vitta, a riband, the riband-like frond.) Veins simple, forming an acute angle with the midrib, their apices prolonged into a transverse marginal vein. which becomes the receptacle, or veins forked without the transverse marginal vein ; sori seated in an extrorse groove of the margin, or in a slightly intra- marginal line with the unaltered edge of the frond produced beyond and often rolled over it; fronds adherent to the caudex, linear, grass- or tape-like. I. VITTARIA ELONGATA. (.Sz.) Rhizome creeping, scales many, with black hair-like points ; fronds up to 23 feet long, generally only 3 inch broad, acuminate, grass-like, but rather firm in texture, mid- rib generally more or less distinct beneath ; veins simple, oblique, immersed, parallel, connected by an intramarginal veinlet ; sori quite sunk in an extrorse marginal groove. Sw. Syz. Zi7. 109, 302. Wall. Cat. wan. Bead, FS: 7. 0.2%. 406 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. South India, on the Western mountains, 2,000-5,000 feet eleva- tion; Ceylon, central provinces; North India, from the plains up to about 4,000 feet elevation; Malay Peninsula, Birma, &c. (Also in the Malay Islands ; Queensland; Polynesia; Tropical Africa, and Mauritius.) 2, VITTARIA SIKKIMENSIS. (Kwhn.) Rhizome very shortly creep- ing, with slaty-rufous hair-pointed scales ; stipes densely tufted ; fronds up to 4 inches long, but often very much shorter, ,4, inch broad, subobtuse ; midrib beneath obscure or slightly depressed ; sori sunk y, in a large extrorse marginal furrow. ‘St = Kuhn in Linnea xxxvi. 66. Clarke, * F. N. I. ~. 574. V. minor var. minima, ES Hook. Sp Fil. y. 183. Beda. 72 bawe t.56 (not minor of Fee). Sikkim, 2,000-6,000 feet elevation, common ; Khasya, Mowlong, 2,500 feet elevation ; Tenasserim. The Tenasserim specimens are cer- tainly the same as the Sikkim, and when ‘ Mr. Clarke stated that the Moulmein and Malay fern was distinct, he had in his eye only the Malacca plant (¢.e. fal- cata or the next species). I have never seen the Tenasserim plant more than 2 inches long, and the Sikkim plant is also common in this small state, though other specimens are 4 inches long, the soral groove is extrorse as in Vittaria elongata (not intra- marginal as in the section Tzeniopsis) and this plant can hardly be said to differ from elongata except in its very small size, and is probably only a variety of it. VITTARIA SIKKIMENSIS. (Awhn.) 3. VITTARIA FALCATA. (Kunze.) Fronds 4-5 inches long, } inch broad, the apex blunt, the lower part narrowed gradually to the base, texture leathery and very thick; a distinct raised midrib FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 407 attaining the apex in the barren fronds, but lost in the fertile ones ; veins short, oblique, parallel, immersed ; sori quite sunk, in deep intramarginal grooves. Kunze. Hook. Syn. Fil. 395. V. falcata and minor Fee 3rd. Mém. Foug. Malacca. (Also in the Philippines.) 4. VITTARIA AMBOINENSIS. (/ée.) Fronds 4-5 inches long, by 3-4 lines broad, smooth, submembranaceous, falcate acuminate, tapering below into a petiole ; costa slender, disappearing below the apex ; veins curved equal approximate ; sori closely marginal, cuticle of the margin resembling a false involucre ; caudex flexuose, con- torted scaly, scales cancellate, rigidly toothed at the margin. ée, Vittar. p. 44, ¢. 1, f. 1. (not Mett.) Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 177. Bedd. epee lf. C17. Martaban. This seems as distinct a species as most of this group, though it is possible it may be a small form of scolopendrina, the veins are combined where fertile by an intramarginal vein which runs along the centre of the receptacle. (Also in Amboyna). 5. VITTARIA LINEATA. (Szv.) Rhizome very short creeping ; stipes tufted, scales acuminate with caudate points; fronds up to 8 inches long, 4-4 inch broad, narrowed gradually downwards to the stout compressed stipe, the margin often reflexed, texture thick, a distinct raised midrib from the base to the apex; veins simple, im- mersed, parallel, very oblique ; sori in a broad intramarginal shallow furrow, the edge of the frond distinctly beyond the furrow and at first wrapped over it. Sw. Sy. Hil. p.109. Hook. Syn. Fil. 396. Teeni- opsis lineata, Bedd. FS. 7. ¢. 54. Fée separated the Indian plant from the American under the name of flexuosa, and Mr. Clarke has adopted that name, but the two plants seem identical. South India, on the Western mountains, 2,000~6,000 feet elevation ; Ceylon, central provinces, common; Himalayas, 2,000 —12,000 feet elevation, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, Khasya, 1,000— 6,000 feet elevation ; Malay Peninsula. 408 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. (Also in Tropical America, and the West Indies, Africa and its Eastern Islands.) VITTARIA SULCATA. (Azhz.) 6. WVITTARIA SCOLOPENDRINA. (Presl.) Caudex creeping, paleaceous with subulate scales; fronds linear lanceolate acuminate, membranaceous, gradually attenuated at both ends, 16-28 inches long by 1 inch broad, glabrous on both sides, scarcely stipi- tate; midrib thick; sori sunk in a furrow within the margin of the upper portion of the fronds, inner margin of the furrow winged, margin of the frond revolute over the fructification diapha- nous or sub‘n ‘usiate. Haplopteris Scolopenduna, 77. Pent. Pier, p. 141. Hook. Syn. Lalmpeee or VITTARIA SCOLOPENDRINA. Teeniopsis, Bedd.. 2. S: iiiemes Vitt. Zeylanica, ve. Ceylon, southern and cen- tral provinces, on rocks up to 3,000 feet elevation ; Himalayas, Sikkim, Assam, Bhotan. (Also in New Guinea, Phi- lippines, MalayIslands,Seychelles, and Mozambique.) Tle VITTARIA SULCATA. (Kuhz.) Rhizome short creep- ing, scales dense lanceolate, pale- brown ; fronds crowded, ligulate, obtuse, sessile, narrowed to the base, 2-4 inches long, 4 inch broad ; sori in an intramarginal (Presl.) deep furrow confined to the very much thickened upper half of the frond, where the midrib and veins B.CATTELL 2 C°, LNCPASE VANIVIS BLECHNOIDES. (S7w.) 410 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. are quite lost ; midrib visible in the barren lower half, veins forked or rarely with two branches, veinlets slightly clavate at the apex not reaching the margin, margin beyond the soral groove very thick. Kuhn, Linnea, 36, p. 68. Teeniopsis falcata, Bedd. F. B.S. ¢. 175. Ceylon, 4,000-5,000 feet elevation, the forked venation is ab- normal in the genus. GENUS LXXVUI.—TANITIS. (Willd.) (From ¢aznia, a fillet or ribbon.) Veins reticulated, forming oblong hexagonal oblique areoles ; sori linear, but the line sometimes interrupted, forming a transverse band between the midrib and margin ; fronds adherent to the caudex. 1. T#NITIS BLECHNOIDES. (Sw.) Rhizome creeping, setose ; stipes 8-12 inches long, firm, naked, glossy; fronds 1-2 feet long, 8-12 inches broad, pinnate ; pinnze of barren frond 2-3 on each side, 1-2 inches broad, oblong-lanceolate, the point acuminate, the edge thickened and wavy, the base cuneate, the lower ones stalked, fertile pinnz more numerous and narrower, texture coriaceous, areoles copious, oblique, without free veinlets ; sori in a continuous (rarely interrupted) line, about midway between the edge and midrib. Swartz, Syn. Lil. 24 and 220. Hook. Syn. Fil.397. Bedd. F. B. TI. é BvA, Ceylon, in the forests about Galle; Malay Peninsula, in Tenas- serim and further south; Sylhet (?). (Also in the Philippines.) GENUS LXXIX.—DRYMOGLOSSUM. (2res/.) (Drymos, wood ; glossa, tongue). ! Veins obscure, compoundly anastomosing in the sterile fronds, forming 3-4 series of areoles between the midrib and the margin, each including simple or forked free veinlets, with clavate apices ; fronds articulate with the caudex, dimorphous, the sterile broad and FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. All short, the fertile long and narrow; sori linear, scarcely immersed, central or submarginal often at length confluent and covering the whole underneath surface of the frond; caudex wide-creeping on trees. 1. DRYMOGLOSSUM CARNOSUM. (f/00k.) Rhizome long, filiform, wiry, clothed with peltate lanceolate-linear toothed scales, which are often hair-pointed ; stipes 2 lines to x inch long, distant slender ; fronds simple, of two kinds, sterile one from 4% an inch, (and then generally orbicular or sub- cordate) to 2 and even 3 inches long, and then elliptical or obovate or spathulate, or even lanceolate and acuminate, thick and fleshy, coriaceous when dry, faintly cos- tate on the under side; veins an- astomosing, the areoles including free veinlets, fertile fronds 1-23 inches long, linear-spathulate ob- tuse ; sori linear continuous form- ing a line intermediate between the costa and the margin, soon confluent, and representing one broad band, nearly as broad as the frond, when young covered by numerous peltate pedicellated scales. Hook. Sp. Mil. v. 189. Nothochlena? (Teenitis ?) carnosa, mee Car. 7138. Bea. Ff. BL, 1.55. Nepal, Sikkim, Bhotan, .2,000-5,000 feet elevation, common. (Also in China, and Japan.) to| DRYMOGLOSSUM CARNOSUM. (ooh) 2. DRYMOGLOSSUM PILOSELLOIDES. (Pres/.) Rhizome long filiform, wiry, clothed with adpressed, diamond shaped peltate laci- niated scales, which are sometimes hair-pointed ; stipes about 2 lines long in the sterile, often about 1 inch long in the fertile fronds, fronds dimorphous, the barren ones roundish or obovate, 4-2 inches A.S.CATTELL & CS, ENGRAS (Pres!.) DRYMOGLOSSUM PILOSELLOIDES, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 413 long, } inch broad, very thick and fleshy, and when young more or less covered with stellate hairs, the fertile ones, 2-4 inches long 4-1 inch broad ; veins immersed, areoles with copious free veinlets; sori in broad continuous marginal lines often at length confluent and covering the whole under surface, capsules mixed with a few stellate Baetpeyses. 72s). Lent. Pierid.. 227, 7, 10. Bedd. FF. S. 7. t..55 and F. S. 7. ¢. 186 (Niphobolus nummularifolius). Bengal Plains; Birma ; Ceylon ; South India, common in the Malabar plains, (Calicut, &c. on trees), also on the mountains, up to about 2,000 feet elevation, (Anamallays, Wynad, Coorg, &c.) (Also in Java Philippines and Japan.) Var. § BEppomE!. Mr. Clarke proposes the name Beddomei for a specimen from the Anamallays figured by me (¢ad. 186, f. S. 7.) because the fronds have stellate hairs and the scales of the rhizome are more pointed, but I find this stellate pubescence is always more or less present on the young fronds of Himalayan examples, and the rhizome scales are quite as hair-pointed in some specimens from Java, Philippines, and Japan, the fertile fronds are shorter and narrower in this South Indian form, and the broader usually sterile fronds sometimes fructify towards the apex, but I am not inclined to consider it even a permanent variety, as I believe it runs into the type with longer fertile fronds, which is also found in Southern India. (Niphobolus nummularifolius, though I have included it in that genus, rather belongs here, it has exactly similar venation.) GENUS LXXX.—HEMIONITIS. (Z.) (Hemionos,:a mule —the mule fern.) Sori continuous along the veins and copiously reticulated ; veins copiously anastomosing, forming numerous areoles which have rarely a free veinlet in them, which when present is also soriferous; fronds adherent to the caudex, simple, pinnatifid, or pinnate. 1. HEMIONITIS ARIFOLIA. (Burm. under Asplenium.) Caudex —— SS | i S TSS = Z SS SN NS \ SUN aN AS SUSE ANN A.5- CATTELL &C° ENGRAF HEMIONITIS ARIFOLIA. (27772.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 415 erect, short ; stipe of the barren frond, 2-4 inches long, of the fertile often 1 foot long, dark chesnut-brown, glossy densely fibrillose towards the base ; fronds 2~3 inches each way, cordate-hastate, the barren ones bluntish at the apex, with generally rounded (rarely pointed) basal lobes and a deep sinus, the fertile ones with the lobes more produced and pointed, texture more or less coriaceous, gla- brous above, somewhat villous beneath ; areoles obliqye, numerous, free veinlets none or very rare. Aurm. Fl. Ind. 231. H. cordifolia (Roxb.), Bedd. FS. I. t. 53. South India, common in the plains and on the moun- tains up to nearly 3,000 feet elevation ; East Bengal plains ; Ceylon; Birma. (Also in the Philippines.) 2. HEMIONITIS GRIF- FITHU. (ook. Fil. e¢ Thoms.) Rhizome short creeping; stipes paleaceous and coarsely hir- sute, 8—r2 inches long ; fronds 12-16 incheslong, 6—1oinches broad, subdeltoid, pinnatifid or pinnate with 2-4 pinne on each side, which are 1-13 inch broad, entire or cre- nated, acuminate, texture herbaceous, rachis and both surfaces hairy on the venation; main veins prominent, generally barren, the veinlets reticulated into copious areoles all soriferous, rarely there are free included veinlets, which are also soriferous. Hook, Sp. Fil. v. 192. Dictyocline Griffithii (AZoore), Bedd. FB. J. “155. Khasya, Cherra, 4,000-5000 feet elevation. (Also in Formos.) HEMIONITIS GRIFFITHI. (Zook. et Thoms.) A16 FERNS OF BRITISIL INDIA AND CEYLON. TRIBE XII.—ACROSTICHEZA, Sori spread in a stratum over the under surface, or rarely over both surfaces of the frond, not confined to the veins only. GENUS LXXXI.—ELAPHOGLOSSUM. (Schott.) (Elaphos, a stag ; glossa, tongue.) Veins free, simple or forked, their apices sometimes clavate, fronds simple, entire, sessile or stipitate, the fertile somewhat con- tracted and generally sporangiferous over the whole under surface ; stipes adherent to the rhizome, but generally pseudo-articulate a Lttle above the base. 1. ELAPHOGLOSSUM CONFORME. (Sw.) Rhizome woody, wide creeping, scales blackish, ovate, jagged, not hair-pointed ; stipes firm erect, 2-3 inches long in the sterile, and often much more in the fertile, black at the base up to the pseudo-articulation, where it breaks off in age, generally clothed with sheathing scales; sterile fronds 2-9 inches long, seldom more than 1 inch broad, narrow-lanceolate acuminate, furnished with deciduous scales on both sides, quite glabrous in age, margin slightly revolute in age; veins hidden, generally once-forked, just reaching the margin ; fertile fronds some- whatcontracted, (Sz. .Sy7z. 777. 10, 192, 7. 0. ccd ere Sn ene 198. Hook. Syn. Fil. 4ot. South India, Western mountains, at the higher elevations, very common ; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula; Sikkim and Nepal, 6,o00- 9,000 feet elevation, Khasya, 4,500-6,000 feet elevation. (Also in Australia, Central and South Africa, Queensland, Polynesia, and the Malay Islands.) 2. ELAPHOGLOSSUM LATIFOLIUM. (Sw.) Rhizome woody, wide- creeping, scales bright chesnut or golden, lanceolate and more pointed than in conforme ; stipes longer than in conforme and the deciduous scales not sheathing ; fronds much larger than in conforme, and generally over 2 inches broad, margin diaphanous and much N° 247. X be 0 (Sw.) ELAPHOGLOSSUM CONFORME, 28 418 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND ‘CEYLON. thickened ; veins prominent, apices thickly clavate, and not reaching the margin. Sw. tx Schrad. Journ. Elaph. slaurifolium, edd. JESS Lh th, HSS South India, Nilgiris, and Anamallays, at the higher elevations, rare compared with conforme; Ceylon, in central provinces ; (not in North India.) (Also in Cuba and Tropical America.) 3. ELAPHoGLossum Norrisil. (ook.) Rhizome stout, woody, the scales long, linear, dull-brown ; barren frond sessile, or nearly so, tufted, 12-18 inches _ ong, 2-1 inch broad, the point “7 blunt, the lower half narrowed very gradually, texture coriaceous, both sides nearly naked ; veins {2 immersed, indistinct; fertile frond : much narrower than the other. “<* Hook, SP. Vi. Ps) 215s MS) ame p- 401. Penang. 4. ELAPHOGLOSSUM STIGMA- TOLEPIS. (/%e.) Rhizome stout, woody, creeping, the scales dense reddish-brown, long linear lan- ceolate, hair-pointed, not jagged (Szy,) On the margin, scales of the stipe like those of the rhizome, not sheathing, very dense towards the base; barren fronds lanceolate, 8-12 inches long, ¢-1 inch broad, acute, narrowed very gradually towards the base into a stipe 1-3 inches long, texture coriaceous as in the last two, upper surface naked, lower thickly scattered over with small scales; veins apparent, fine, close, forked, or more rarely simple, fertile fronds smaller, contracted and on longer stipes. Fe, ame Mem. Foug. t.25. Bedd. F. S. L.t. 199. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 521. ELAPHOGLOSSUM LATIFOLIUM. Os ith rMeN DAES: ‘ny OE i Pe Sit Fi (Szv.) ) | ELAPHOGLOSSUM VISCOSUM 5> ee. ELAPHOGLOSSUM STIGMATOLEPIS. (&% Sw. ) ( ATUM ELAPHOGLOSSUM SPATHUL ELAPHOGLOSSUM SQUAMOSUM. (.Sz.) \ 420 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. South India, Nilgiris, and Palghat Hills. 5. ELAPHOGLOSSUM VISCOSUM. (Sz.) Rhizome woody, creep- ing, the scales bright-crown, narrow, linear, hair-pointed ; sterile fronds linear-lanceolate, 6-9 inches long, by 3—# inch broad, narrowed gradually at both ends, densely covered on the under surface with stellate pubescence, glabrous above, at least in age, its stipe 2—3 inches, scaly and with stellate pubescence ; veins apparent, their clavate apices well within the margin, generally once forked, rarely the forks again forked, fertile fronds contracted and on a longer stipe. Sw. Sie fil. To, m3. Beda. Lf. Sf) 7) 196. Ea stelligennmyn iia Cai2107: South India, Western mountains, Anamallays 4,000 feet, on rocks up the Toracadu River, Coorg, Travancore; North India, Sikkim and Nepal, 6,o00-8,000 feet elevation, Khasya, 4,000-6,000 feet. (It has been proposed to separate the South Indian plant from the Himalayan under the name of stelligerum, but I cannot dis- tinguish them.) (Also in Tropical America; Tropical Africa, and its eastern islands ; and the Malay Islands.) 6. ELAPHOGLOSSUM SQUAMOosUM. (.Sw.) Rhizome short creep- ing, scaly ; the scales black margined and ciliate ; stipes 1-2 inches long, very scaly, fronds linear-lanceolate obtuse, gradually attenuated at the base, 4-12 inches long, $—# inch broad, densely covered on both sides with velvety ciliated scales, fertile fronds often not con- tracted, texture flaccid ; veins hidden, simple or forked. Sw. zz SAMUI JOU, WII, Wh py iy IBA, IA, Ss Ih Hs 1O)yis South India, Nilgiris, Anamallays, Travancore hills, 3,000-4,000 feet elevation, not common ; Ceylon, central provinces. (Also in Tropical America and West Indies ; Sumatra ; Sandwich Islands ; Mascareen Islands ; Guinea Coast ; Madeira and Azores.) 7. ELAPHOGLOSSUM SPATHULATUM. (Sz.) Rhizome short, creep- ing, densely scaly, furnished with numerous wiry roots ; stipes 2-4 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, 421 inches long, densely covered with reddish setaceous scales, fronds linear-lanceolate to rhomboid-lanceolate 1-2 inches long, covered on both sides with numerous hair-like scales, fertile fronds broad ovate, smaller than the sterile ones. Sw. Syn. Hil. p.10. Bedd. F. S. I. #. 213. Acrostichum piloseloides, var. é spathulatum. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 228. Ceylon, about Newera Elya, and in the southern provinces. (Also in Tropical America and West Indies ; Natal and Masca- reen Islands ; and Tristan d’Acunha.) GENUS LXXXII.—_STENOCHLANA. (¥. Sm.) (Stenos, narrow ; ch/wna, cloak ; the narrow inyolute margin.) Fronds simply pinnate, the fertile contracted and very narrow, the sterile with the habit of Lomaria; veins simple or forked, fine and close, generally quite free to the margin, or rarely the two forks or even two separate veins anastomose; stipes adherent to the rhizome ; pinne articulate with the rachis. (In palustre, the rachis or costa of the sterile pinnz is winged, particularly towards the apex, which wing has been called an obscure transverse vein, anastomosing in loops ; the same occurs in Pteris patens, and some Athyriums (very apparent in Athy. fimbriatum, var. sphceropteroides) and it can scarcely be called a true vein. I. STENOCHLENA PALUSTRE. (Linn. under Polypodium.) Rhi- zome scandent, (often reaching the tops of the highest trees), fronds glabrous, shining, of hard texture, pinnate, 1-4 feet long, pinne articulated numerous, alternate or opposite, lanceolate acuminate, pungently serrate towards the apex, oblique at the base, and furnished with a marginal gland on the upper edge, 5-10 inches long, 1-14 inch broad, fertile fronds very much contracted ; veins simple or forked, generally free to the thickened margin, rarely the forks or two separate veins anastomose in the middle of, or towards the margin of the pinnz; rachis of sterile pinnze winged, particularly towards the margin, and forming a pseudo vein parallel with it Neos A\\\ \ y. SS = : STENOCHLASNA PALUSTRE. (L77272.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 423 Burm. Fl. Zey. 234. S. scandens, F. Smith, in Hook, Fourn. of Bot. iii. 401. Bedd. F S. ft. 201. Lomaria scandens, Willd. Sp. it. 203. South India, in the plains on the West Coast and up the mountains to about 3,000 feet elevation ; Ceylon. North India in the plains of Bengal and at low elevations on the hills; Malay Pen- insula. (Davallia achilleifolia, Wal. Teratophyllum aculeatum, Mett. Ann. Mus. Lug. Bat. 4, 296. Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 209, is an abnormal form of this plant, showing clearly a winged partial rachis.) (Also. in South China ; Queensland ; and Fiji.) 2. STENOCHLENA SORBI- FOLIA. (Z.) Rhizome thick, woody, often 40 feet long, clasp- ing trees like a cable, sometimes prickly, scales lanceolate-subulate, large; fronds up to 18 inches long, simply pinnate, barren pin- nze 3-8 inches long, about 1 inch broad, bluntly pointed, margin entire or toothed, 3-20 on each side, articulated at the base, texture subcoriaceous, glabrous, or nearly so on both sides, rachis often winged, fertile pinnzesmaller, much contracted, about + inch broad. Acrostichum sorbifolium, Zinn. Sp. Pl. p. 1526. Lomari- opsis, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 412. Bedd. & B. TI. t. 192. The Malay Peninsula, Tenasserim, Malacca. Bedd. F. B. I. t. 210, is an abnormal bipinnate form of this plant in which the rachis of the pinne is very broadly winged with small pinnules resembling the leaves of Feronia elephantum. Lo- maria limonifolia, Wal/, Cat. 35, is the same form. (Also in Tropical America and West Indies; Fiji; Samoa ; STENOCHLANA SORBIFOLIA., (Z.) 424 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. New Caledonia; Philippines; Cochin China ; Mascareen Islands, and Tropical Africa.) .GENUS LXXXIII.—POLYBOTRYA. (4. 3B. &.) (Poly, many ; dofrys, bunch—in allusion to the fructification.) Fronds pinnate, bipinnatifid or subbipinnate, the sterile not lomarioid in habit, generally viviparous, fertile much contracted ; veins pinnate, all free; stipes adherent to the rhizome. I. POLYBOTRYA APPENDICULATA. (JVil/d.) Rhizome thick, short-creeping, stipes and rachis scaly, scales linear, not adpressed ; fronds pinnate, glabrous, the sterile ones viviparous at the apex ; pinnze 25 to 50 pair, subopposite or alternate, oblong-lanceolate, ob- tuse, 2-3 inches long, 3 an inch broad, rather deeply crenated with a setaceous bristle between each crenature, superior basal crenature the largest, inferior base cuneate and slightly unequal; veins not prominent, pinnate free ; fertile fronds much contracted, pinnze much shorter than the sterile ones. W7l/d. Sp. Pi. 114. Bedd. FP. S. 7. Z.194. Wall. Cat. 28 and 2685. Common throughout the Indian region. (Also in Philippines and Hong Kong.) The above description only relates to the type, but there are several varieties more or less permanent. VAR. p MAJOR. Stipes and rachis very thick, } inch or rather more in diameter, rough with dense adpressed scurfy scales ; pinnze 1 inch in breadth, not auricled at the superior base or cuneate and unequal at the inferior ; main veins very prominent and straight and costa-like veinlets more numerous and very prominent. Sikkim ; a very large fern, unlike any forms in Southern India or Ceylon. ~ VAR. y ASPLENIIFOLIA. (Bory.) Rachis with copious linear patent scales, fronds seldom proliferous at the apex; pinne very No255 Pz Lois a2 (DP Ay [iS y B AA (jE Sp seen eA. yo ‘A WZ VZV = Z A . = <5 ( ant NYE SN AN i ee } ee > aa ELILNCS. _ 3 = aa POLYBOTRYA APPENDICULATA. (Willd.) VAR. y ASPLENIIFOLIA, 426 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. unequal sided, the inferior basal portion being much cut away, the upper side deeper cut than in the type. P. aspleniifolia, Bory, 7 Belang. Voy. Bot. 23%. 3. Bedd. HS. f. t. 105. AcrosteaWiehite anum, Wall. Cat. 2163. South India, in moist evergreen forests on the western side, up to nearly 4,000 feet elevation. (Not found in North India.) This can only be considered a variety of this variable species, it looks, however, very different when growing, being a much _ brighter POLYBOTRYA APPENDICULATA. — green and a far prettier species than (/Villd.) VAR, 6 HAMILTONIANA. the type, it is constant to its char- acters in cultivation. Var. 0 HAMILTONIANA. (Watt ) Fertile pinnze interrupted, the sori in bead-like clusters. Wall. Cat. 29. Beda ies 2 € Zt. i111, the lower 3 figures. 1 en Wn, : Polyb. Helferiana (Kze), Sché. Je gS Supp. 2 p. A7. t. 114. Chittagong, Assam; Te- nasserim,and Malay Peninsula a neces 2 generally. Ue Nn Ra & BS VAR. eCOSTULATA. (oek.) Sterile pinnz pinnatifid down to the rachis; main veins costulate and prominent, the lowest pair of pinnee often more or less bipinnate both in the sterile and fertile, some- POLYBOTRYA APPENDICULATA. (J/Vil/d.) times half deltoid and deeply VAR. € COSTULATA. bipinnate at the base, the pinnules up to 3% inches long, and again deeply pinnatifid. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, 427 meeemspe fl. pf. 2520 Bedd. Ff. B27. .7. 130, and 111 right hand top jig. Tenasserim; Khasya; Jeypore Hills, West of Vizagapatam. This variety can at once be distinguished by the much more deeply pinnatifid pinne, and by its costu’ate ma‘n veins, but the bipinnate character is not so constant; some specimens from Birma (z7de Beda. f. B. I. ¢. 110) have the lowest pinnze deeply bipinnate in’ both sterile and fertile ; and some specimens from Khasya and Jeypore are only slightly bipinnate in the sterile only, whilst other specimens from Birma have the lowest pinnze quite unchanged (vide Bedd. F. B. 1. ¢. 111, right-hand top figure.) VaR. SUBINTEGRA. Pinnz almost entire, of a very dull colour and more coriaceous than in the type, not at all or very slightly auricled at the superior base, and the inferior base rounded and not atallunequal. edd. F. B. I. ¢. 111, left-hand top jig. Birma only. GENUS LXXXIV.—ACONIOPTERIS. (Presi) (Akon, a point, and freris ; the veins forming pointed angles near the margin.) As in Elaphoglossum, only the veins are combined near the margin by a straight or zigzag vein. 1. ACONIOPTERIS GORGONEA. (KXawéf.) Rhizome very short, with ovate-lanceolate obtuse, brown-red scales; stipes tufted, scarcely an inch long, being usually winged near the base by the decurrent frond ; barren fronds simple entire narrowly elliptic, tapering at both ends, 3-5 inches long, by #~11 inch broad ; glabrous, but with peltate flat scales, sparingly scattered on the surface beneath ; midrib strong, texture firm, but diaphanous; veins parallel, above simple or furcate, the marginal vein more distinct, and further from the margin than in examples from Polynesia. Kaul/f En. Fil. 63. Clarke, F. N. J. p. 578. .GYMNOPTERIS VARIABILIS FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 429 Khasya, above Shaila, 2,500 feet elevation, lately discovered by Mr. Clarke, but only in a barren state, so it is doubtful whether it is this species, though it must be closely allied. (Also in the Sandwich and Society Islands.) GENUS LXXXV.—GYMNOPTERIS. (erih.) (Gymnos, naked ; pleris ; seeding naked.) Veins copiously anastomosing with free veinlets in the areoles ; the primary veins costeeform or obsolete ; fronds simple or pinnate, generally dimorphous the fertile much contracted, or rarely simple uniform and bearing the sori on the contracted apex; stipes adherent to the rhizome. 1. GYMNOPTERIS VARIABILIS. (/Zook.) Rhizome more or less creeping, squamose, with ovate or lanceolate scales ; sterile fronds membranaceous to subcoriaceous, generally about 1 foot or a little more long and 1-23 inches wide, ovate-lanceolate acuminate, often long decurrent on the stipe nearly to its base ; costules generally more or less distinct, sometimes very prominent, zigzag or quite straight ; areoles copious with free included veinlets ; fertile fronds contracted and narrow, and normally entirely covered with sori, but in some cases the broader fronds are dotted all over with large polypodioid sori. ie spl avaai7., bead. , B. 1. 7. 272). Sikkim, Bhotan, Assam, Khasya, Cachar, up to 4,000 feet elevation. South India (rare, compared with the variety lanceolata) Tinnevelly mountains, fronds very thin and membranaceous and decurrent nearly to the base of the stipe, main veins wavy, but very prominent, Jeypore Hills (Vizagapatam), texture thicker and colour deeper green, very decurrent, main veins very prominent and nearly straight, polypodioid sori over many of the broad fronds ; Birma. VAR. LANCEOLATA. (/Zook.) Main veins none, or more or less indistinct. Gymnopteris lanceolata, look. Sp. Lil. v. 276, G. Féei (Moore), Bedd. #. S. L, t. 48. 430 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Very common throughout the Western forests of the Madras Presidency and Bombay; Ceylon; Birma. Also in Chota Nagpore, and on Parasnath: in typical forms there are no main veins, and all the venation is inJistinct, but other forms run too closely into variabilis for it to be considered a distinct species ; the fronds are often quite rounded at the base, but at other times nearly as decurrent as in variabilis, the seeding is normally over the whole of the under surface of the fertile frond, but sometimes it is ina broad line on each side of the costa, leaving a considerable margin of the laminze without sori, or at other times the seeding is punctiform or grammitoid (Gedd. &. B. J. ¢. 274), or the upper half of the frond is contracted and _ sori- ferous, as in Gymnopteris spicata, (Hymenolepis of authors). In South Canara and Coorg there are forms with both sterile and fertile fronds 3-lobed (Bedd. &. B.S t: 273) and im Ceylonp pinnatifid forms (Bedd. F. S. J. ¢. 211) with often as many as five distinct pinne on each side the rachis, with only a nar- row wing, but as the ordinary form is sometimes mixed with these even on the same root they can only be consi- dered abnormal forms, not distinct varieties. GYMNOPTERIS MINUS. (AZeééz:.) VAR. Y AXILIARIS. (Cav.) This is a name given to a variety with a long slender tortuous rhizome, which creeps up trees, but it scarcely differs otherwise, the main veins are less prominent than in variabilis, but more so than in lanceolata. Cav. Prelect. 1801, n. 582. SEO, Sto LH 3 a Bil, SHA IA, 15 Ihe th Opie South India, in all the western forests; Plains of Bengal and Assam ; Birma. 2. GYMNOPTERIS MINUS (JZefden.) Small, rhizome creeping, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 431 thick as a sparrow’s quill, scaly at the apex, scales lanceolate ; stipes remote, slender, 1-3 or in those of the fertile frond 4 inches long ; sterile fronds membranaceous, 13-2 inches long, oblong or broad- lanceolate, costate, tapering into a stipe 2} inches jong; costules in- distinct, areoles with a free included clavate veinlet, smaller towards the margin ; fertile fronds 2 inches long, linear obtuse. SS > a ff y, » SY, WX = {} ff ND WA SI 7 A WAZ SN 2 ALN NAS, We ice i —N 4 fA \ Xp YJ SES RY CE DELL LEP SSM \ fA EY) WH CH > AS CATIELL & CY ENCRAT po ee ee Ee eS J ANGIOPVERIS EVECTA. (//offm.) 460 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 1. ANGIOPTERIS EVECTA. (//offm) Caudex erect, often 2 feet thick, and as much or more in height ; fronds 6-20 feet long, pinne 1-3 feet long, spreading, the lowest the largest, rachis swollen at the base, pinnules 4-12 inches long, 3-14 inch broad, linear oblong, sessile or shortly stalked,the apex acuminate, the edge entire or toothed, particularly towards the apex, texture herbaceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous, shining ; veins subparallel; sori of 8-15 capsules. offm. Schk. Krypt. Gew. t. 151. LBedd. F. S. Tf. t. 78. Throughout the Indian region up to 7,000 feet elevation. (Also in Japan, Tropical Australia, New Caledonia, Madagascar, and Polynesia.) GENUS XCIV.—MARATTIA. (Sm.) (After Maratti of Tuscany, a writer on Ferns.) Capsules sessile or -stalked, 4-12 concrete in boat-shaped synangia, which consist of two opposite rows of capsules and open by slits down their inner faces, with or without an inferior involucre ; veins simple or forked, free ; fronds bi-tripinnate, large, springing from between two fleshy stipuleeform appendages (which sometimes assume the character of abnormal fronds); pinnules articulate with the rachis. 1. MARATTIA FRAXINEA. (Smith.) Stipes 1-2 feet long, 1-12 in. thick, smooth deciduously scaly or swollen in the lower part ; fronds up to 15 feet long, bipinnate, or sométimes tripinnate ; pinne 1-2 feet long, pinnules oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 inches long 4-13 inches broad, the apex acuminate, the edge generally serrate, more rarely entire, the base cuneate, or slightly rounded, texture rather coria- ceous, glabrous, the rachis of pinnz sometimes slightly winged ; synangia submarginal, in close rows, the receptacle linear with 6-12 capsules on each side, an obscure fimbriated inferior involucre often present: Mook. Syn. Fil. 440. Bedd. FS. Lt. 79. South India, Western forests of the Madras Presidency, 4,000- 6,000 feet elevation (not nearly so common as Angiopteris which it N2285 YL Ka CSS WSS \ \S OHV T IPI IOD ff ) Wy VN) << WSS SS QY Y Ss VAAL i WD) HOYUHVUH HVA QL ill WO OP? AW. YOO Zoe AY 2 a S Qy NN; y (S772.) MARATTIA FRAXINEA. 462 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. much resembles in general habit) ; Ceylon, central provinces, above 5,000 feet elevation ; Malay Peninsula. (Also all round the world in the tropics and a little beyond in the southern zone.) GENUS XCV.—KAULFUSSIA. (Slume.) (After Kaulfuss, of Halle, a writer on Ferns.) Capsules sessile, 10-15, quite concrete, in raised circular masses, which are hollow in the centre, with the oblong apertures on the inner face ; veins costeform, parallel veinlets copiously anastomosing with free venules in the areoles; fronds 2-3 feet high, long stipate palmately lobed, and springing from two short fleshy stipuleeform appendages ; lobes of the fronds oblong elliptical; a genus of a single species. rt. KAULFUSSIA ASCULIFOLIA. (/.) Stipes 12-18 inches long, herbaceous, auricled at the base; fronds digitate (like a chesnut leaf), or ternate; the central pinnz the largest, oblong, spathulate, 6-12 inches long, 3-4 inches broad, the others smaller, margins entire or lobed, texture fleshy-herbaceous, sori copious scattered. B/. En. Fl. Jau. Fil. 260. Bedd. F. B. J. t. 185, (free included veinlets not shown). K. assamica, Griff. Wor. 1. il. 628. North India, Assam, Cachar, Chittagong Hills, 250 feet elevation. (Also in the Malay Islands and Philippines.) SUB-ORDER VI.—OPHIOGLOSSACEA. Capsule deeply 2-valved, opening down the side nearly to the base, without a ring; vernation erect; terrestrial or epiphytic. GENUS XCVI.—OPHIOGLOSSUM. (Z.) (Ophis, a snake ; glossa, a tongue.) Capsules sessile, arranged in two rows, forming a narrow close spike, which arises from the base or centre of the barren segment ; |, SB CATTFLL A C* ENMCHAY KAULFUSSIA ASCULIFOLIA. (BZ) 464 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. rarely distinct, rising direct from the corm ; veins reticulated ; fronds simple entire, rarely palmate. 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM vuLGATUM (Z.) Rhizome not tuberous, short, or elongated, producing annually 1-2 fronds; fronds 6-9 inches long, the sterile division generally placed about the middle 2-4 inch long, #-2 inches broad, ovate or ovate-oblong, without a @ distinct haft, texture stouter than in the others, the midrib usually indistinct ; fertile spike 1 inch long or rather more,ona peduncle 2-4 inches long, and considerably overtopping the sterile division when fully mature. 77.Sp. 27 a5 cor Sikkim, Goke, 4,000 feet eleva- tion, Rungait camp, below Darjeel- ing, 2,000 feet elevation. (Widely spread in Europe; Africa, and its eastern islands ; America; Japan; Australia; New Zealand, and Sandwich Islands.) 2. OPHIOGLOSSUM NUDICAULE: (Z. 7.) Rhizome small, slightly tube- rous ; fronds 1 inch or more long, the sterile division placed not far from the base, 4-1 inch long, 2-5 lines broad, linear to ovate, without a haft, or with only aslight one, the texture thin but with no evident costa and veins not distinct ; fertile spike 3 inch long, the peduncle often 2 inches long, very slender. Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 4. OQ. parvifolium, Hook. and Grev. Bedd. F. S. Tf. t. 71. South India, Anamallay Forests, 2,500 feet elevation, and else- where on the Western mountains ; Malay Peninsula. (Also in America from United States southward to Brazil, New Caledonia, and Tropical Africa.) OPHIOGLOSSUM NUDICAULE. (JZ. 7.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, 465 3. OPHIOGLOSSUM FIBROSUM. (Schum.) Rhizome a large round white bulb with numerous fibrous rootlets; stipe very short with the sterile division close to its base, the latter 14-2 inches long, by = inch broad, lanceolate, acute or obtuse, the texture thick and opaque ; midrib prominent, venation indistinct (except when dried), fertile spike 13-2 inches long on a spike 4-5 inches long. Schum. K. Dansk. Vid. Afh. i. 226. O. Wightii, Hook and Grev. Bot. Mis. ii. 218. O. brevipes, Bedd. F. S. J. t. 72. South India, Anamallay teak forests, 2,000—3,000 feet elevation. (Also in Tropical Africa, Guinea Coast ; Ascension Island.) 4. OPHIOGLOSSUM RETICULA- TuM. (Z.) Rhizome cylindrical, elongated with many fibrous rootlets ; fronds 6-12 inches long, the sterile division placed a little below the fi middle, 14-3 inches long, by 1-2 inches broad, with a distinct haft, and distinctly cordate at the base, the apex blunt or acute, texture thin; veins prominent, but usually no midrib; fertile spike x inch or more long on a slender peduncle, 2-4 inches long. Linn. Sp. FI. 1518. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 446. Bedd. FS. LI. t. 70. O. cordifo- lium (Roxd.), Wall. Cat. 47. South India, Nilgiris and Anamallays, 2,000 feet elevation and upwards; Ceylon, Newera Elya; Himalayas; Malay Peninsula. (Also in Malay Islands ; Polynesia ; Tropical America; Africa, Mascareen Islands; Philippines.) OPHIOGLOSSUM FIBROSUM. (Schuz2.) 5. OPHIOGLOSSUM PENDULUM. (JZ.) Epiphytic on trees; 341 Nv230. OPHIOGLOSSUM RETICULATUM. (Z.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 467 fronds pendulous, ribbon-like, without . a distinct stem, 1-3 feet long, 1-3 inches broad, simple or forked, texture fleshy ; no midrib and the veining not distinct ; fertile spike single, arising low down on,- but above the base of, the sterile segment, 2-6 inches long, on a peduncle shorter than itself. Mrgmensp ely isto. bead. FS. 1. #. 269. Ceylon, at no great elevation ; Malay Peninsula ; Assam (?) (Also in Malay and Polynesian Islands ; Mauritius ; Australia; Philip- pines. ) N°29}. OPHIOGLOSSUM PENDULUM. (L.) GENUS XCVII.—HELMINTHOSTACHYS. (Kawif.) (Helminthos, a worm ; stachys, a spike.) Capsules in long crested clusters which form a long loose spike; veins forked, free; fertile spike rising from the base of the leafy segment; fronds stipate, sterile segments foliaceous,, digitate. A genus of a single species. 1. HELMINTHOSTACHYS ZEYLANICA. (Linn. under Osmunda.) Rhizome thick, fleshy, creeping ; stipes often 1 foot long, barren segment palmately pinnate, often in three principal divisions which are stalked, and again forked or pinnate, the ultimate divisions linear- oblong, 3-4 inches long, #$-1 inch broad, the apex acuminate, the edge slightly toothed or entire, texture herbaceous ; fertile spike solitary, arising from the base of the barren segment, 3-4 inches long, 4 inch broad, the firm peduncle about as long as the fructi- fication. Linn. Sp. Fl. 1519. Hook. and Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 483. Bedd. F. S. I. t. 69. N2292 et % | Eo ” ey ae (M4 pele ANA CB ¥ Ee) AD RET V, AS / Se a (REE, is 26 YY rin \ IP WY WY Z | Dip, KY Z A Z C2 RW SHA AG SON ON ge== ——s —— SSS =) SSS A) y ——— / Wy] Uf iH) A ] A HELMINTHOSTACHYS ZEYLANICA. (Lzzz.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 469 South India, Western forests in swampy places up to 3,000 feet elevation ; Ceylon, about Colombo and other parts of Western and Southern provinces ; North India, Bengal plains to Assam and Cachar; Malay Peninsula. (Also in Tropical Australia, Malay Islands, Philippines and New Caledonia.) GENUS XCVIII.—BOTRYCHIUM. (Sw) (Sotrys, a bunch ; fructification like a bunch of grapes.) Capsules sessile, arranged in two rows, on the face of spikes which form a compound panicle; veins forked, free; fronds erect, the sterile segments foliaceous, deltoid, bi-tripinnat- % ifidly compound, rarely pinnate ; fertile segments 3, rachiform, compound paniculate. 1. Borrycnium Lunaria. (L. under Os- munda.) Rhizome small, scarcely thickened, enclosed by brown sheaths furnished with stoutish fleshy brittle branched roots; stipes erect, smooth, cylindrical, hollow, succulent, vernation plicate or folded straight, the fertile branch clasped by the De es sterile before unfolding, fronds solitary, 3-10 a) inches high, firm, stout fleshy, sterile branch oblong, pinnate smooth, pinne 4-7 pairs flabellate or lunate, the margins crenate (rarely partially fertile) fertile branch pinnate or bipinnate; venation (barren pinnz) flabellately-furcate, zc. the vein enters at the base and is re- peatedly forked, veins not quite extending to the margin. Lznn. Sp. #71519. Sw. Syn. Fil.171. Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 208. North India, Sikkim, Lachen, 11,000-13,000 feet elevation, Kumaon, 12,000 feet. (Also the arctic and cold temperate zone, extending to South Europe ; Patagonia ; Australia.) z. BorRYCHIUM DAuciFoLIUM. (JVal/.) Stipes stout, 6-12 : Ne x YF ~ ve we \ i SY Zz : Fie Wi f “ ZZ = ia, yale gy Ze = uS KN = y A, A Hf LU b) >) chattagramica 300 difformis ... 301 Polypodium parasiticum .. 303 Goniophleb ” . 273 | 176 Niphobolus Wallii . 304 hirtellum ... 306 cornigerum... 306 cucullatum ... 307 trichomanoides308 glandulosum 309 Thwaitesii ... 310 decorum” 95.. 311 obliquatum... 312 repandulum... 313 subfalcatum... 314 darezeforme... 315 ium amenum 316 erythrocarpum 317 molle... Pea subauriculatum 323 argutum ese 923 verrucosum ... 324 adnascens ... 326 480 PLATE 177 Niphobolus pannosus 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 I9I 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 9 INDEX TO THE PLATES. Dipteris Wallichii Wp) 39 Dynaria coronans 3) Pleopeltis rostrata PAGE 320 stigmosus ... 329 fissus - 330 flocculosus ... 331 Gardner <.. 332 penangianus 332 mumumulariz- folius 1 393 2 os) Horsfieldii - 336 Lobbiana 5 337) S57 splendens > BAO) propinqua . 340 mollis - 342 quercifolia 743 rigidula ... - 344 - 346 linearis . 347 sinuosa so SY) longifolia = 350 lanceolata 5 BED rhyncophylla ... 354 Griffthiana ... 355 ovata 356 punctata 358 hemionitidea ... 359 pteropus 360 pteropus, var. minor Enon hastata 362 incurvata 364 insignis 365 nigrescens 367 dilatata 368 juglandifolia 369 Lehmanni 371 himalayensis ... 372 PLATE PAGE Grammitidee. 213 Notholena Marante ... 374 214 Monogramme paradoxa... 376 215 Leptogramme Totta ... 378 216 - aurita vee 379 Biz) - opaca 234379 218 Stegnogramme aspidioides 381 219 Gymnogramme Andersoni 382 220 5 leptophylla -383 Bai - microphylla 384 222 Syngramme fraxinea_... 385 223 _ vestita aor 224 Ps alismzefolia ... 388 225 Selliguea Féei wos, 300 226 % Hamiltoniana ... 390 227 ‘5 elliptica Bares 0! 228 Loxogramme involuta ... 394 229 9 avenia am O95 230 Brainea insignis ... and S1816 231 Meniscium triphyllum ... 398 232 A Thwaitesii ... 399 233 56 salicifolium ... 399 234 5 cuspidatum ... 400 235 Antrophyum reticulatum 4o1 236 5 plantagineum 402 237 y latifolium ... 403 238 Vittaria elongata... 22a 4O5 239 55 sikkimensis ... 406 240 3 sulcata ... .-. 408 241 » ‘scolopendrina .., 408 242 Tzenitis blechnoides . 409 243 Drymoglossum carnosum 4II 244 . piloselloides 412 245 Hemionitis arifolia ean alt 246 5 Grittithiit eens Acrostichee. 247 Elaphoglossum conforme 417 248 a latifolium ... 418 INDEX| 2O) THE) PLATES: 481 PLATE PAGE PLATE PAG 249 Elaphoglossum 271 Platycerium grande .-. 444 stigmatolepis 419 | 272 Platycerium Wallichii ... 446 250 ‘. viscosum .,. 419 | 273 »» biforme ... 447 251 - squamosum 419 | 274 Osmunda javanica Pere Ks) 252 k spathulatum 419 | 275 Fs Claytoniana ... 449 253 Stenochleena palustre ... 422 | 276 5 regalis.., ... 449 254 . sorbifolia ... 423 | 277 Schizzea malaccana Soa AUSO) 255 Polybotrya appendiculata, 278 » dichotoma bon AUST var. /3 aspleniifolia 425 | 279 » digitata ... ». 452 256 ¥ appendiculata, 280 Anemia tomentosa sag HS var. © Hamiltoniana 426 | 281 Lygodium circinatum ... 455 257 ms appendiculata, 282 a microphyllum 456 var. ecostulata ... 426 | 283 35 flexuosum ... 457 258 Gymnopteris variabilis ... 428 | 284 - polystachyum 457 259 es minus ... 430 | 285 Angiopteris evecta .» 459 260 metallica ... 431 | 286 Marattia fraxinea sno AGH 261 3 spicata ... 431 | 287 Kaulfussia zsculifolia ... 463 262 ern quercifolia 433 | 288 Ophioglossum nudicaule... 464 263 = tricuspis ... 435 | 289 55 fibrosum... 465 264 “ contaminans 436 | 290 o reticulatum 466 265 a subcrenata 437 | 291 5 pendulum 467 266 a costata ... 438 | 292 Helminthostachyszeylanica 468 267 - Presliana... 430 | 293 Botrychium Lunaria_.... 469 268 Acrostichum aureum ... 441 | 294 % daucifolium 470 269 Photinopteris rigida joo, UE Nh Pr) Ff virginianum, 270 re drynarioides 444 var. lanuginosum 471 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS, THE LATTER BEING IN ITALICS. Aconiopteris gorgonea Bt Acrophorus. see Leucostegia ZACTOPLCTISE vein sa6 nee Acrostichum alcicorne ... aureum ... contaminans CoStatune ... deltigerum aichotomum fuctforme guercifolium septentrionale sorbifolium subcrenatum terminans undulatunt ULVCHS ver ait Wightianum 6. Actiniopteris dichotoma vadtata ss. Adiantum Ethiopicum capillus-veneris eaudatum var. Edgeworthii var. soboliferum PAGE Edgeworthit ws. emarginatum flabellulatum hispidulum LQnCeUINN i. aye lunulatum var. Mettenii orbiculatume Parishii pedatum ... soc pleropus ... rhizophorum soboliferum venustum Allantodia Brunoniana javanica ... Allosorus. crispus gracilis Alsophila albo-setacea alternans Andersoni Brunontana commutata comosa ... contaminans crinita PAGE 84 86 88 86 75 82 83 75 82 86 83 34 84 86 197 195 98 100 16 ie) 12 ie) 14 13 12 14 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 483 PAGE PAGE glabra... aes seo, LT amabile ... 500 Soo 226) glauca... was eh) EZ appendiculatum ... son 2839) Kingi addenda aristatune 200 220 latebrosa ... nee mee, GTi Var. affine ... 500 BRO var. hemitelioides ... 10 var. assamica soo BEI) Oldhami ... ree 5s OMS) var. Hamiltoniana 230 ornata... ae caom 12 atvatuml ... son poo BG Schmidiana. see latebrosa. Brunonianum ... =) 246 Scottiana. see Oldhami. calcaratum see soo. -2BH5 sguamulata os ela canartense 360 son | BO Amphicosmia ! canum ... Be noo) Aa alternans ... Per eee Oa cicutarium sac ee 20 Brunoniana Sek Pe tO | cilialuim ... 306 non DSN decipiens... ses dds) =i) coadunatum : Nagun 222 Walkere... ibs mae 9 conitfolium so AO) Anemia GASSUfOULUME — «2» S50, BAB tomentosa se sop | ASS} cucullatum 706 oso AB Wightiana bcc meee A453 cuspidatum oe chon BY Angiopteris decurrens 50 sco 2K) evecia... ies ace 460 var.minor ... dees DOT Anisogonium densuim ... 598 so ISIS cordifolium ae so HO eberneum... Bad 239, 252 esculentum. ... seen) 1O2 exaltatum ae sin ey heterophlebium ... eae LOL Suscipes ... 508 aay 22 lineolatum eas sep tite) glandulosum ... sae 273 Smithianum Ane soa GD gracilescens sia Sy ey Anogramma “Ads San feds) flaenkianuit see 202 Antrophyum heterocarpum ... we, 219 coriaceum Ate er AOK hirsutulum a coo BS latifolium... aoe OA: hirtipes ... He ang B37 parvulum Ls ae 403 Zutmer Sum aA non I plantagineum ... Aon AOR lincatum ws. 500 500) yf) reticulatum sod a8 AX MLACVOCAYPUML — see “5 HOS var. parvulum ... 4o1 MAY GIMAtuint — ave ag diy) semicordatum tae. ACT MCMOVANACCUML ++. e225 Arthobotrys multicaudatum ... ast DEL macrocar pa ose pa 25 mullidentatum ... j 50 Aspidium mullijuguim i seh 270 alatum so TO eae! mullilinealum +. 277, 280 484 obliquum ... obscurum ochthodes ... oppositum pennigerum pulosulum polycarpum polymorphum prionophyllum pleropus .. _ puberulum rhombotdeum scabrosum semibipinnatum ... Simonsii ... singaporianum ... SOLUTUIL a0. SPECLOSUIM... subconfluens subdiaphanum subtriphyllum syrmaticum Zectumt a.» variolosum vastum venulosuut Wallichit Zollingerianutit ».- Asplenium acuminatum ae adiantum-nigrum affine bs Age alternans ... aritfoliunt auritum Beddomet Belangeri bulbiferum INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. PAGE bullatum ae saa | SC) caudatum ae feng Ceterach ... a0 eo contiguunt 502 soe, TG) crinicaule ae BSL LS) decurrens 300 S05 USB drepanoph Gee aoe eet OU eberneunt . . aoa, UPL alee S00 non Aly ensiforme ie Sri (ial erectumt ... ate wee JAS CXLGUUIM ... ae se ESS falcatum age SO fontanum oe spe) oS) var. exiguum ESS formosum 200 Ah eUSZ furcatum ... Aen Pe en 7/ Gardner ... Bee be eens Griffthianum ... Ba es heterocarpum .,.. Be itis) IGE ese ite Loe METAS fTookerianumt ... sae) OSS Javanicuit - ow. Boe) IG)5 laciniatum Me Wiest) var. crinigerum ... 154 » depauperatum 154 lanceolatum 50k Son LSS: laserpitiifolium ... son Se lobulosum eee o00 | 7G) longifolium Bee Bie ELIS) longissimum ... Soo lS lunulatum dae sce t EAT, var. camptorachis... 148 » trapeziforme ... 148 macrophyllum .., Kot. EG) marginatum ... coe LOS monanthemum ... Boo) Halll multiuUgume 50 wee | £4 nitidum ... Se ees ns/ INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. PAGE normale ... ak son MAYA var. [3 sae ose LAA paradoxum so Sa ESR pekinense cas Soo HS) persicefolium ... ass HAG) pinnatifido-pinnatum ... 178 planicaule sien soo) yA prenorsum. see furcatum pumilum .. ees 154 var. hymenophyloide 156 resectum ... 32 152 Ruta-muraria_ ... sa LO) rutzefolium 5005 aGd) 1) septentrionale ... soo Alls stkkimense te soe LiCl Spathulinum ... 503 NS) spinulosum 550 ee LOO Squarrosum Soc soo WOE stenophyllum ... seo tah: subavenium ie eA tenerum ... 500 soy MALY) tenuifolium ve SG) trapeziforme ... =e 148 Trichomanes ... ang HAS unilaterale sb jee LGD var. delicatulum .., 153 Sy eEAVAIE: | i032 ra) 93} ay HIGUI. a 52 soe 153 varians ... oes vege 5S viride... oe ie 1A vulcanicum oe son ail/Alo) Wightianum _... 146 % Val: maicuaphy uns 146 Zamioides «. Ps Sn Lui Peneeraanit hs AS Athyrium allantodioides ... yen, opel aspidioides rs san 100 | 485 PAGE Atkinsonii aon Jace WR} var. Andersonit 163, 174 australe 189 brevisorum 07/1 Clarket aD 166 arepanoph ‘wile 164 erythrorachis 168 falcatum ... 164 Filix-feemina 168 var, attenuata 169 » dentigera oo3 GS) » flabellulata ... 170 »» Pparasnathensis 170 », pectinata 169 »» polyspora 170 99 REUSE, on0 170 fimbriatum 172 var. foliosa ... Fo me »» Sphoeropteroides 174 Grifithit gymnogrammoides ... 168 var. erythrorachis ... 168 Hohenackerianum 163 macrocarpum 165 OC ia AU ELISOU2ee1O », I-pinnata sou!) HOE multicaudatum uw. 190 nigripes ... oe 166 var. Clarkei 166 . 9 aissecta 166 », selenopterts 166 oxyphyllum 170 var. Kulhaitense ... 171 pectinatum neh 168, 169 selenopteris 166 spinulosum 161 stramineum 171 sublriangulare ... 163 thelypteroides 164 486 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. Blechnidium melanopus Blechnum cartilagineum Findlaysonianum melanopus nitidum orientale ... serrulatum Botrychium daucifolium lanuginosume Lunaria subcarnosum virginianum ape var lanuginosum ... Brainea insignis ee Callipteris. see Anisogonium esculentum Campteria anamallayensts ... biaurita geminata Kleiniana patens Wallichiana Ceratopteris thalictroides Ceterach offictnarum Cheilanthes albo-marginata... argentea ... ae as » var. chrysophylla bullosa sad oe Dalhousie farinosa ah 3 var. chrysophylla . » Dalhousize eetaecida fragilis PAGE fragrans laxa mysorensis nittdula rufa Bae subvillosa Szovitzii tenuifolia Thwattest? varians Chnoophora glauca Chrysodium aureunt Cibotium Barometz glaucum Celopterts Crepidomanes nanum Cryptogramme Brunoniana crispa Cryptosorus Cyathea Brunonis Hookeri sinuata spinulosa Cyrtomium caducum ... caryotideum falcatum BOE var. caryotideum ... Cystopteris fragilis retusa setosa 900 Davallia achzlletfolia AGints a. eae INDEX TO THE bullata calvescens chinensis Clarket divaricata elegans epiphylla Griffithiana : hymenophylloides Lorrainei ornata parvula ... pilosula ... polyantha puberula ... pulchra pyramidata Roxburghit schizophylla solida speciosa ... tenutfolia trichomanotdes triphylla Dennstzdtia appendiculata deltoidea Elwesii scabra Diacalpe aspidioides foeniculacea Dicksonia scabra Diclisodon deparioides Dictyocline Griffithiz ... SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. PAGE 61 64 70 52 60 59 60 60 54 61 59 54 68 60 68 52 68 68 75 59 61. 70 75 58 26 26 26 24 18 18 24 257 Dictyopteris Barberi chattagrammica difformis heterosora trregularis polycarpa tenerifrons Didymochlena lunulata polycarpa Diplazium asperum asstmile ... australe ... bantamense bellum ... decurrens decussatum _dilatatum var. (3 minor Jraxineum fraxinifolium Griffithit japonicum Jerdont lanceum lasiopterts latifolium Lobbianum lobulosume longifolium MaAXIMUNE multicaudatum ... pallidum pinnatifido-pinnatum polypodioides var. decurrens var. 3 (Thw.) 488 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. polyrhizon porrectum Prescottianum procerum Schkuhrii SCRRLMLENSE sorzogonense speciosum Stoliczkee var. hirsutipes subserratum sylvaticum 6 var. Prescottianum thelypteroides Thwattesiz tomentosum travancoricum ... umbrosum var. assimile australe multicaudatum »» procerum Zeylanicum 182, 29 99 Dipteris Horsfieldii Lobbiana Wallichiana Doodia dives Drymoglossum Beddomet carnosum piloselloides se var. 2 Beddomei ... Drynaria conjugata coronans... adiverstfolia Linnei PAGE 180 170 178 189 181 184 181 178 | 184 | 182 | 174 177 178 184 180 179 188 180 190 189 190 189 175 336 336 334 137 413 All All 413 339 338 344 343 mollis propinqua quercifolia rigidula ... splendens Dryostachyum Elaphoglossum conforme latifolium laurifoliume Norissii ... pilosellotdes spathulatum squamosum stelligerum stigmatolepis viscosum Galeoglossa Gleichenia circinata... adichotoma gigantea... glauca linearis longissima Norrisii semivestita Goniophlebium amzenum ... argutum ... erythrocarpum ... Hendersoni lachnopous microrhizoma molle subamzenum subauriculatum ... verrucosum Goniopteris lineata PAGE 341 339 341 344 339 339 416 416 418 418 421 420 420 240 nes co 420 iss) No) aS NNNBN NF DN ISS) — N 323 319 320 319 322 322 317 322 324 275, 276 INDEX TO THE multilineata penangiana prolifera urophylla Gram@miitis aurita Hlanultoniana ... lanceolata Totta vestita Gymnogramme alismefolia Andersoni Hlamiultoniana ... javanica leptophylla microphylla obtusata serrulata vestita Wallichit Gymnopteris axillaris contaminans Goa decurrens. see variabilis flagellifera Feet. see variabilis lanceoalata metallica minus Presliana quercifolia spicata subcrenata subrepanda tricuspis ... variabilis... ats var. /? lanceolata ... ni. Y AXIMATIS SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 489 PAGE | PAGE 275 | allie. mh fe ASE 276 | Haplopteris ... Sa son ALCS 296 | Helminthostachys 274 dulcis. see zeylanica zeylanica ate can Loy 77 | Hemidictyum 373 Ceterach Ane seg! UGY 393 Finlaysonianum é5 HOB 377 | Hemionitis 387 anioliamenees aR ee a ANTKS cordifolia ace se ADS 389 Griffithii ... man So) AMR 382 hastata. see arifolia 390 | Hemitelea 386 decipiens srs cL 382 Beddomet.seeCyathea spinulosa 384 | Humata 380 alpina ... ons 0) 8 386 aneustata ae bad | ively) 387 heterophylla... ... 46 387 parallela aa Sn ey/ PeCataie sere oe soy weds 430 vestita ... sae soy BS 438 | Hymenolepis spicata ... Sue soo AGB 483 | Hymenophyllum badium ... he een Meo 429 Blumeanum ... Bee 2 432 ciliatum ... oe ean 3S 430 crispatum ony ra, ees} 439 denticulatum ... ie 34) “432 var. flaccidum mire Arch 432 emersum hi waist 30 437 exiguume aes Saal 197: 434 exsertum . Ate ste 30 434 flaccidum ane isa SS 429 javanicum “op ba ege 429 var. badium al 8g 430 hkhastanum 5 xara NER 490 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. PAGE PAGE Levingii . 36 concinna ... 258 microglossum 32 coniifolia 238 Neesii 35 crassifolia 238 parvifolium 28 crenata 258 polyanthos 30 cuspidata 222, var. Blumeanum 32 deltotdea ... 254 » Microglossum 32 deparioides 257 3 minor 32 dissecta Baie noo ASIO) Simonsianum 34 var. ingens... 261 Smithii 34 QUES ees ato ban, OM tenellum ... 30 elongata, see Filix-mas. Tunbridgense Be Elwesii 239 fy polepis ertocarpa 258 hostitis 295 Fairbankii 240 Kaulfussia Jalciloba 235 eesculifolia 462 Falconer 248 assamica 462 ferruginea 264 Lastrea Filix-mas 248 affinis 230 var. apiciflora 249 alsophiloides 8 », cochleata 250 amabilis ... 229 » elongata Sees 250 angustifrons 262 » Sibrillosa eve §=250 apiciflora... 249 9) POLLINA eGo aristata ... : 229 », odontoloma ... 248 var. Hamiltonit 230 » panda... 251 ’ barbigera 246 » paralellogramma 249 Beddomei 239 » Schimperiana 250 Bergiana 239 flaccida 244 Blumei 259 Jeniculacea 18 Boryana 266 fuscipes 243 Brunoniana 246 gractlescens 239 Buchanani _ 255 gracilescens 234 calcarata 235 var. decipiens 234 var. ciliata ... 235 » hirsutipes 234 », falciloba 237 gracilts 207 » Semesa 237 SAIS ane boc soo Balti cana 238 LfTendersont 257 Clarket x0. 2EO hirtipes 232 cochleata. see Filix-mas. immersa ... 234 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 491 PAGE PAGE zngens 261 splendens 262 zntermedia 250 syrmatica 243 intermedia (Baker) 260 tenericaulis 266 melanopus 243 Thelypteris 241 membraniifolia ... 261 Thwaitesii 258 microstegia 292 tylodes 240 nephrodioides 238 undulata 254 Nidus 250 viscosa 238 obtustloba 264 Walkere... 233 octhodes 2 240 0 bipinnata 234 » [3 tylodes ... 240 ( macrocarpa 233 odontoloma 248 Y pinnatifida 233 Parishii 259 | Leftochilus. see Gymnopteris. patentisstma 249 | Leptogramme platypus ... 230 aurita oe 7] pulvinulifera 255 var. Levingii 377 recedens 260 obtusata , 380 rhodolepis =e) 200 opaca 379 rigida 251 Totta 377 sagenioides 243 | Leucostegia scabrosa ... 263 CUES Ae 54 sericea 235 assamica 51 seligera aoe poe 207; dareeformis 52 setosa. see Cystopteris Hookeri 52 sikkimensis 259 hymenophylla 48 sparsa A53 Pee 252 hymenophylloides 54 var. deltoide 254 immersa 51 3 gracilis 207 membranulosa ... 50 5, latesquama 255 multidentata 30 » minor 254 nodosa 54 », nitidula 254 parvula 54 », obtussissima ... 254 pseudo-cystopteris 54 » sqguamulosa 255 pulchra 2 » undulata 254 | Lindsaya » zeylanica wan 254 caudata 75 spectabilis 244 Cultrata ji, one 2 spectabilis 257 divergens 75 spinulosa 252 flabellulata 75 var. remota... 252 heterophylla 77 492 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. Lancea lanuginosa Lobbiana ... mztens orbiculata var. tenera ... pectinata ,.. HEPENSH ee. var. minor ... rigida scandens trapeztformyis Walkeree Litobrochia aurita incisa ludens marginata pedata tripartita Lomaria adnata elongata ... euphlebia glauca limonttfolia Patersoni pycnophylla scandens Lomariopsts Loxogramme avenia involuta lanceolata Lygodium circinnatum aichotomumne flexuosum japonicum PAGE 75 77 72 79 75 75 74 74 74 75 74 [e) Leal = NY NY YN WN os) = WN longtfolium microphyllum pinnatifidum pedatum polystachyum scandens Marattia fraxinea Matonia pectinata Meniscium cuspidatum deltigerum longifrons Parishiz .. salicifolium Thwaitesii triphyllum var. Parishii Mertensta. see Gleichenia Mesochloena polycarpa Microlepia flaccida hirta Hookeriana Kurzii majuscula marginalis var. calvescens pinnata platyphylla polypodtoides PrOXIMA .. pleropus ... rhomboidea scabra speluncze var. hirta Sstrigosa .. urophylla PAGE 457 455 457 455 457 455 460 19 400 438 4co 399 399 399 397 399 109 68 68 62 66 66 64 64 64 66 68 67 Xe) 68 64 67 68 67 64 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 493 PAGE PAGE Monogramme otaria’ ae. 267 Junghuhnit 375 Barasiticum 278 paradoxa 375 pennigerum See aoe) Nephrodium var. multilineatum 277 aboritvum 277) procurrens 278 abruptum 2a prolixum 240 amboinense 278 propinguuume 500 269 Arbuscula soe 276 pteroides 206 269 aridum ... BaD | punctatum 270 artinexumt sha 227 | semulans 22: brachyodon oa 280 Singaporianusi ... 212 costatum see 275 Zevminans 269 crinipes 279 truncatum 500 so ASO) cucullatum 5c e270 unitum S00 268, 272 cuspidatum 232 urophyllum 274 didymosorumt 278 variolosunt con, ANG elatum 272 Wightiz ... ado ~. 218 CUSOYUM ... 280 Zollingerianui... ong. AIS extensum 269 | Nephrolepis var. microsoruil ... 270 AGUA ser : 284 99 MINOL ... 278 biserrata ,.. 500 284 Salcilobum cordifolia 282 var. pubera... 277 exaltata ... 282 ferox 279 obliterata 285 glandulosum ten 273 ramosa ... 284 var. lete-strigosa ... 277 tuberosa ... . 282 Griffithiz SNe) eee, 222 volubilis ... +. 284 immersum ... 235 | Niphobolus ingens. see Lastrea dissecta acrostichoides ... otha, IS? javanicum re ea ZOOL adnascens a eeEgeh lineatum ... 5 PagyAl angustatus wee 353 microsorum 270 Boothii Hr 333 molle_.,.. : 277 COSLALUS sins 320) var. amboinense 278 delergibilis ni BAe mesic », aureum eo fissus iw es 330 » didymosorum ... 279 Jloccigerus a mongole » mullijugum ... 279 flocculosus a sas BOE » procurrens 278 Gardneri 331 moulmeinense 275 Heteractis i seh Oe 494 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. PAGE Jaintensts as sos) G7 laevis Sa a Pes Lingua ... oy B27n 329 nummularizfolius see G24 pannosus aa son ES penangianus ... eee porosus ... are saan gO Schmidianus ssn - 331 Spharocephalus ... aaa S353} stigmosus beta eh 320 subfurfuraceus ... em 329N| Niphopsis ... oe vs 353 Nothochlena ... Ane Sere oT 5E|| Notholcena lanuginosa oe no BY Marantz ee noo. SB Weleda) as-e She SSeS TES Odontoloma VEPCNS ase ace ahs 74 | Oleandra Cumingii mee x. 288 muszefolia sis sao ey neriiformis A e-caeZO5 Wallichii sie soo | Sy Onoclea orientalis sec nog. AO) Onychium auratum ses pe OO japonicum ner a) OO) var. 7utermedia ... 96 », multidentata ... 96 Ophioglossum brevipes ... Ais foe AOS cordifolzum soo a 405 fibrosum ... ae ews 465 nudicaule si po HOS parvifolium 20 ee 404 pendulum sie =e 465 reticulatum Ba Peed) vulgatum Wightit ... Ornithopteris ... Osmunda Claytoniana javanica Leschenaultii. see regalis regalis virginiana seylanica... Patania appendiculata ETD ES70 ae Pellza Boivini calomelanos concolor falcata gevanitfolia gracilis ... nitidula Stelleri Tamburii Peranema cyatheoides | Phegopteris auriculata davallioides distans Dryopteris erubescens ornata pallida polycarpa... punctata ... VECEAENS Robertiana var. glabrata SLIT Ol ee PAGE 464 465 115 44y 447 450 471 467 26 26 102 104 100 102 IOI 100 Iol INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. Phegopteris rufescens... TUGUIOSA «+ Scottii subdigitata vulgaris ... Photinopteris drynarioides rigida Phymatodes. Plagiogyria adnata euphlebia glauca pycnophylla triquetra. Platycerium biforme ... grande Wallichii... Platyloma Salcata Pleocnemia aristata ... Clarkei gigantea ... leuzeana ... membranacea membranifolia ... Thwaitesii Trimeni ... Pleopeltis accedens... angustata var. depauperata ... capitellata clathrata ... crytolobum dilatata see Pleopeltis. see euphlebia oe 22 PAGE N NO N N N WN N WN N vim CORN N N dS Les) ebenipes ... var. Oakestt » Larishit Griffithiana hastata hemionitidea heterocarpa himalayensis incurvata... insignis zrto7des juglandifolia var. tenuicauda lanceolata Lehmanni leiorhiza... lepidota ,.. linearis ... Sas var. steniste longifolia... oe longissima MACY OSOVA malacodon var. (3 majus membranacea museefolia nigrescens ot normalis ... as nuda a hat ovata palmata ... Parishit phymatodes pteropus var. minor ... » zostereformis .. punctata ,.. rhyncophylla rostrata ,.. 496 - INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. simplex ... sinuosa stenophylla Stewartit,.. superficialis trifida Wightiana Zippellii ... zoster@formtis Pecilopteris Blumeana costata Jlagellifera Hookeriana Presliana prolifera ... repanda ... semtcordata Polybotrya appendiculata PAGE 347 349 348 363 351 362 “+- 347 w+ 357 362 435 438 433 437 | 440 437 435 435 424 var. aspleniifolia ... 424 », costulata 426 , Hamiltoniana... 424 Peli] Ole. subintegra >p) asplenitfolia fTelferiana Polypodium _ acutisstmutne adnascens adnatum. ... alternifoliui appendiculatum ... argutum... auriculatum Beddomet bifurcatunt brunneum Ae conttfolcune 424 427 426 426 346 325 aso | OB 366 & 367 Nees, ZOD 323 203 & 290 B22) 338 292 : 2096 comugatum contiguunt cordifolium cornigerum costatum... Crenatum cucullatum darezeforme decorum ... dentigerum Dipteris ... distans. Dryopteris elongatum ellipticum erubescens exaltatum excavatum Filix-mas Sragrans ... Surfuraceum fuscatum... glabrum ... Lladiatum glandulosum LIAUCUM 0. grandifolium Grevilleanum Griffithi ... harpophyllum hastatum ... heterocarpum hirtellum... hirtum Jaintense ... khasyanum lanceolatum lasiosorume lepidota ... see Phegopteris INDEX TO. THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 497 PAGE PAGE Zineare (Linn.) 5 Russellianum ... aso AGH lineare var. [3 simplex... 347 Semibipinnatiui ... aco Bills Linnet eer 343 SEvrVa nee ee ' 310 Lonchitis 203 Sesguipedale ... soa Ray? longifrons sce 313) sessilifolium ... con) OY longipes ... Be 292 Simplex ... Spo yay loriforme ... soe BHO SPelunce ... a0 eee O57 marginale ant ne OF: Spherocephalum 353 mediale ... 08 subconjiuens oan AGO minutum ... 5 Bie subdigttatum ... e290 multilineatunt eee7A5 subevenosum ... EOS TILYSUYENSE ase 331 subfalcatum a 314 WLGTOCArPUIIE — ase be 204) subtripinnatum .. son AGS) normale . ~con SINS} superfictale ao | BRI nummulariefolium sey) 304 tenericaule 600 coo OS obliquatum ae 31K Thwaitesil con FOG) . OOSCUTUM... see 248 trichomanoides ... 308 ornatum ... a. 204 tridactylon sac ono | SO ovatum ... soz sco BAL uUnitume ... oC one AGS) oxylobum “os ee O2 venustunt aco ono IO baludosum ase 292 verrucosum 500 324, 325 palustre ... ja AI vittartoides son a0 BB parasiticum sic 278 Walkere ae see 28S parasiticum 303 See SOZ Wallis... Au SO var. pilosiusculuim... 305 Wightianum ... doc SUG) parvulum aoe 314 Zeylanicum 200 aon | YOR penangianum ... 276 | Polystichum aculeatum ... 207 pertusum bee eo G25 var.anomalum ... 209 Phegopteris yay SO » angulare sas ACY polycephalum 358 » Dbiaristatum ... 209 POKOSUM «.. 331 », lobatum Aon zey/ pleroides ... 269 » Mmucronifolium.. 210 guercifolium «. seer SHS », Yrufo-barbatum... 207 repandulum Bee 03 SUMenles es 209 rivale mae gd » setosum nee On Robertianum ... “pieetfoR » travancorium ... 209 VUSESCENS «2. i 208 amabile. see Lastrea rugosulum 295 aristatum. see Lastrea rugulosum 295 var. affine. see Lastrea SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 498 INDEX TO THE PAGE PAGE auriculatum .. ce 203 Dalhousize tee ss IO var. ccespitosum ... 204 ensiformis nt ses 107 » lentum .. =. 204 var. Grevilleana ... 108 » Marginatum ... 204 excelsauure: B86 Bo iis » subpinnatum ... 204 geminata... pop co. Hite Atkinsoni B00 Eee ZOR geranifolia nee ese TOT brachypterum ... eZ Oy, Sracilis ... aoe “aloo conitfolium. see Lastrea Grevilleana vee ve 12 cspitosum re boo AO Griffithii ... ne set. 108 Jeniculaceum ... cog} heteromorpha ... +++ 106 ilicifolium Fee Wuless 71200 Hookeriana «=»: 107 lachenense se cee 203 longifolia ore s+» 106 Lonchitis .. ee doo BO longipes ... ote slope LS obliguum ... ae soa AS! longipinnula —_ ... soe Prescottianuml ne) ess) 210 ludens .. 4. ‘III, 120 var. Bakerianum ... 210 mareinata “on0 asin 2S » -castaneum ... 210 nemoralis. see Campteria semicordatum ... ... 201 biaurita sthkimense 259 mitidula ... 500 cco OL stimulans ae sc5 BED olaria oe ++ III Thomsoni da sca AOD) patens ... vee we =I14 var. gracilis ar, 207 pellucens 50 60 coe IIS Pes a rs isa pellucida .. nee nog OS var. stenophylla ... 107 Prosaptia Guadriaurita) | 2) eaeeeametancs contigua ... fi sony ASO var. argentea eM 205 Emersoni me eas XS 3 aSpericaulis maeeeamamnier Pteris » Blumeana... II2 aquilina... ste 115 » ludens... coo DT var. esculenta STATO » Khasyanae ee eunE aspericaulis 650 ITI » setigera bone IT Ciaurita ... Boe spa LG » subindivisa ... 112 Botvini ... oe sso KO semipinnata.... eeelOS calomelanos Bins ne IVA SAME 050 aie “22 GLOO concolor ... sat oq W'S) subindivisa 50 ano I crenata ... nn OS tripartita 250 Bg. 9) ae GRSHED acc oy TOO VQVtANS . Bee ato var. heteromorpha... 105 | Sagenia dactylina .. nas 107 | alata ee Be 553 PA INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 499 PAGE PAGE coadunata 222 | Spheropieris gigantea ... 224 barbata 22 var. minor ... 225 | Stegnogramme Griffithiz 222 aspidiodes 380 heterocarpa 219 | Stenochlena heterosora 219 palustre ... 421 pleropus .. 220 scandens .., 423 Var. Minor ... 220 sorbifolia 423 Sitfolia 218 | Stenoloma StmUuUlANS «.. 223 chinensis 70 Thwatesit 220 | Struthiopteris Variolosa «+. 218 orientalis 20 Schellolepis 324 | Syngramme She alismzfolia 389 dichotoma ae 452 fraxinea ce 386 digitata ... tt 452 VESTN 386 malaccana 452 Wallichii 387 : Taentopsis Schizoloma falcata 410 cordata cee 79 lineata : 407 davallioides 79 scolopendrium .. 407 ensifolia ... 80) | “eenitis Gr. ifithiana 80 blechnoides AIO gE c= 80 | Teratophyllum heterophylla 80 aculeatum 423 lobata se 78 | Thamnopteris ‘Var. malabaricum... 79 Greville 139 nitens 79 mus@folia 139 recurvata... 79 Nidus ae 137 Selliguea var. muszfolia 139 avenia 394 », Phyllitidis 139 caudiformis 390 Simonsiana 141 AECULTEUS »2+ 392 | Trichomanes elliptica ... 392 anceps 44 Féei 389 auriculatum 44 Hamiltoniana 390 bipunctatum 41 involuta 393 var, insigne 2 lanceolata 393 » Plicatum 42 Maingayi 392 birmanicum 43 500 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. PAGE PAGE corticola ‘ee tee AO radicans sat Se 43 digitatum ites ee On| var. anceps Fre, A dissectum. see auriculatum rigidum ... me = 44 exiguum ... es she mor ostUnt 43 Fiulicula sue aS 42 viridans ie Mee @ glauco-fuscum ... --- » 41 | Vittaria Henzaianum_... me SY amboinensis.... 28) LAOH, ZMSISME 200 so 42 divergens ae si 76 intramarginale ... ood A elongata 404 javanicum vce . 44 falcata ... seen AOO Kurzii... oe see GO flexuosa ... 407 limbatum = eee 43 lineata... i oy, Motleyi noe 5-8 MUnOr, VaY. mimma ... 406 muscoides 20 - 38 scolopendrina cco AOS var. sublimbatum 38 sikkimensis ... ... 406 NANUML a6 oe oto 410) sulcatal le S) se 408 neilgherrense ... eA Zeylanica nue 408 pallidum ... aoe ooo ATL Woodsia parvulum aoe EO plicatum 06 ce AZ| SHORE) cos ae . hyperborea 20 ~ proliferum 300 TBO pusillum ... aa cco ALL EIBIOEE: cn ota ; an pyxidiferum ... ese 2 | Woodwardia var. limbatum .... 43 radicans ... a on ules WILLIAM RIDER AND SON, PRINTERS, LONDON. SU tek ME NT TO THE FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA, CEYLON, ovo hei MALAY PENINSULA; a ee SUB-ORDER GLEICHENIACEA., IA, GLEICHENIA DICARPA. (47.) Fronds dichotomous, divari- cated, branches pinnate, pinnz pinnatifid, narrow-linear, segments orbicular, cucullate and reflexed beneath, capsules about two con- cealed within the bead-like lobes, and mixed with ferruginous, paleaceous hairs, which often extend to the rachis. Var. 6 atpina. (&7.) Generally smaller and more compact, rachis and young shoots ferruginous with paleaceous wool. ook. Sp. Fil. p. 12. Perak. (father Scortechint. King, No. 7,345.) (Also in the Malay Islands, Tasmania, and New Zealand.) 3. GLEICHENIA Norris. Perak. (Scortechint. King, No. 1,694.) 3A. GLEICHENIA FLAGELLARIS. (Sfv.) Branches of the frond several times dichotomous, copiously foliaceous, paleaceous, or at length smooth ; pinne erect-patent or divaricating, varying from linear-lanceolate to broad-lanceolate, 5-12 inches or more long, segments subcoriaceous, linear, obtuse or prominently emarginate at the apex, glaucous beneath, and often furnished with ferruginous down, capsules 2-4. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 14. 2 ~~ 2 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Penang and Perak, at sea level. (Scortechint. Day.) (Also in the Malay Islands, Java, Fiji, Mauritius, Bourbon, Madagascar.) 3B. GLEICHENIA HIRTA. (B/.) ‘Fronds chartaceous when dry, opaque, green above, beneath glaucous (particularly on the rachis and costas), with the small gemmz densely paleaceous with ferruginous lanceolate scales paler at the margin and ciliated, at length bare on the costa, many times dichotomous; branches ascendanti-flabellate ; primary ones 1 inch long, nudate ; secondary ones 14 inch long, subnudate ; tertiary ones, subelongate ; ulti- - mate ones (or pinnze), 7-9 inches long, standing at an angle of 30°, linear gradually attenuated, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes 8 inches long, 14 inch broad, oblong-linear, obtuse, slightly curved, the margin revolute, the sides entire, the apex denticulate ; veins os slender ; sori between the costa and the ae of 3- 5 capsules.” fTook. Sy /ialhe (Po We Penang. (Szr W. WVor77s.) SUB-ORDER II.—POLYPODIACE:. TRIBE I.—CYATHE, 2. CYATHEA Brunonis, Perak, up to 500 feet alt. (Scortechint, Day.) 4. CYATHEA SPINULOSA. Hemitelia Beddomei (Clarke) is a synonym. 2. AMPHICOSMIA DECIPIENS. This is now considered, by N. Indian botanists, as not distinct from Cyathea spinulosa. 3. AMPHIcosMiA BRuNontiANA. The involucre is completely spherical in the young state, sothis is transferred to Cyathea, vzde Clarke and Baker. Jour. Linu. Soc. xxiv. p. 409. Clarke’s Var. (2 Scottii is ornata. 4. AMPHICOSMIA ALTERNANS. The involucre is completely spherical, so this becomes CYATHEA ALTERNANS. (Wail/.) Cyathea sarawakensis, Hook. Syn. fil, p. 23, is the same plant, but a FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 3 later name than that of Wallich. Cyathea Lobbiana (Aooé.) is also a synonym. 3. ALSOPHILA ORNATA. Alsophila Oldhami (Bedd.) (A. Scottii Baker) is a synonym. The veinlets vary from simple to forked or pinnate. Alsophila sikkimensis, Clarke and Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. vol. xxiv. p. 409 (Alsophila latebrosa, var. 6 Scott. Hemitelia Brunoniana, var. [3 Scott. Clarke, FN. 431. Hand- book, p. 10) Rungbee, alt. 5,500 feet, is only a form with the segments of the fertile pinnules unusually large, deeply crenated, with many three-branched veinlets; I do not know whether it is constant enough to be considered a variety. 4A. ALSOPHILA TRICHODESMA. (Scort.) Bedd. Jour. of Bot. vol. xxy. p. 321. “Trunk middle sized, slender ; stipes scaly at the base ; fronds 4-6 feet long, bipinnate ; rachis scabrid above, clothed with adpressed spreading semi-viscous copious jointed hairs; pinne shortly petiolated, narrow lanceolate, 24-30 inches long by 6-8 inches broad ; partial rachis clothed with the same hairs as the main rachis, stramineous ; pinnules linear-lanceolate, 3-4 inches by # inch, thinly herbaceous, clothed with the same hairs as the rachis on both sides and on the costules and veins, cut down nearly to the rachis into linear, obtuse, crenulate, rather distant segments ; veinlets 7-8 on each side, forked ; sori medial 5—6 on each side of the costule.” Perak (Scortechinz). Its nearest ally is Als. Andersonz, of which it is, perhaps, only a variety. 5. ALSOPHILA OLDHAMI. Omit this species, it being a synonym of ornata, The cutting of the pinnules is variable. 64. ALSOPHILA oBscuRA. (Svort.) Bedd. Jour. of Bot. vol. xxv. f. 321. Caudex 6-7 feet high; stipes 1-2 feet, densely clothed downwards, with long lanceolate, sharply-serrated scales ; fronds 4-5 feet by 2 feet, bipinnate, rachis scaly above, naked beneath ; pinnz, the middle ones about 1-14 feet by 3-6 inches diminishing in size toward both ends; rachis hairy above, naked ~4 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. beneath ; pinnules all free, lanceolate-oblong, base parallel with the rachis, apex obtuse, 14-3 inches by 4 inch, subcoriaceous, glabrous on both sides, except on the hairy costa and scaly bullate costules beneath ; cut half-way down to the rachis into broad obtuse segments ; veins 4-5 in each segment, simple or more ‘commonly forked ; sori medial on the lower veinlets, occupying the undivided portion of the pinnules mixed with transparent monili- form hairs. Perak on Mt. Idjo, 4,000-5,000 feet alt. (Scortechint. Day.) Nearly allied to comosa, turns black in drying, the pinnules falling off. ; 8. ALSOPHILA CoMMUTATA. Perak, alt. 5,000 feet. (Day, Scortechint.) 11. ALSOPHILA Kiner. (Handbook, additions and corrections.) Alsophila Bakeri Zeiller (Axt. du Bulletin de la Soc. Bot. de France, tom. Xxxii.) is a synonym. 12. ALSOPHILA DUBIA. (Bedd.) Stipes ?, main rachis, and rachis of pinnze purple-brown, slightly furfuraceous above, glabrous below; fronds subcoriaceo-membranous ; primary pinnz 16-20 inches long, pinnate with the apex only pinnatifid ; pinnules about 4 inches long by 3 inches broad on petioles 1-13 lines long, more or less truncate at the base, much acu- minate at the apex, pinnatifid only about one-sixth of the way to the costule, the very shallow lobes rather truncate ; costules scaly below or at length glabrous, furfuraceous above ; veins pinnate, veinlets simple; sori large, generally only in 1-2 rows, z.¢., on the 1-2 lower veinlets only, but sometimes in 3-4 rows, 7é., on 3-4 veinlets, and then near the base of the veinlets, and conse- quently parallel with the primary vein, and not shaped like an inverted V asin glabra. Jour. Bot. vol. Xxv. p. 321. Perak, 4,000 feet alt. (Day.) Its nearest ally is podophylla (Hooker). (Also in Java.) _ FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 5 1. DIACALPE ASPIDIOIDES. Kohima, 5,000-6,000 feet alt. 2. Omit Diacalpe fceniculacea here; it is LASTREA FCNICU- LACEA, the inyolucres being reniform or polystichoid. TRIBE Ia.—MATONIEZ. Indusium umbrella-shaped, 6-lobed. MaATONIA PECTINATA. Perak. (Scortechzut.) TRIBE II.—DICKSONIEZ. STRUTHIOPTERIS ORIENTALIS. 9,000-12,000 feet alt. WooDsIA HYPERBOREA. Rohtang Pass, between Kullu and Lahoul. (Dr. Cuf¢tell.) Gurhwal, Kamaon, and West Nepal. (Dr. Duthie.) (Also in Afghanistan.) 2. Woodsia lanosa. Omit this species altogether; it is Gymnogramme Andersont. GENUS 1Xa.—DICKSONIA. (L’Hiritzer.) (After James Dickson, a cryptogamic botanist.) Indusium coriaceous two-valved, the outer valve formed of a more or less attenuated lobule of the pinnule cucullate, some- times equalling in size, but generally larger than, the inner valve. Veins simple, forked, or pinnate ; veinlets free. Distinguished from Dennsteedtia by its two-valved indusium, and from Cibotium by the more or less herbaceous texture of the outer valve of the indusium, it being a partially-changed portion of the frond. DICKSONIA AMPLA. (Gakery.) Rhizome creeping, # inch thick, clothed with dark scales; fronds 4 feet or more long, glabrous, deltoid, tripinnate, firm in texture ; rachis brown, un- armed, pubescent only down the channelled face ; pinne oblong- lanceolate, the lower ones the largest, 2-3 feet long, roinches broad; 6 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, _pinnules lanceolate-acuminate, cut down to the costa or narrow wing, segments 4 inch broad ; veins pinnate, veinlets 6-8 pair erecto-patent, forked or simple; sori placed on the edge of the tertiary segments, principally near the base; indusium with the outer valve large, glabrous, semi-orbicular. Baker, Jour. Lin. NOG XR ops 223. Perak, 2,000-2,500 feet alt. (Scortechinz. King, No. 2,159.) (Also in North Borneo.) 2. DicKSONIA KINGI. (2%. sf.) Stipes stout, erect, about 18 inches long; fronds 3-4 feet long, deltoid, lanceolate, quadri- pinnatifid; pinnz 8-10 inches long, the lower ones deltoid lanceolate, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate upwards; secondary pinne, the lower ones 24 inches long, the others about 1 inch, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into oblong broadly- toothed lobes; texture coricaceous, perfectly glabrous; sori terminal on the thickened veins and exserted beyond the margin. Perak, dense jungle, 3,000-4,000 feet on Gunong Batu, and at Larut (K71g’s collectors, No. 8058, 2318), very similar in habit to Microlepia moluccana, but the indusium distinctly that of Dicksonia. CIBOTIUM BAROMETZ. Perak, 1,500 feet alt. (Day, Scor- techint.) GENUS Xa.—LECANOPTERIS. (Blume.) (From /ecanee, a bowl, and fter7s.) Differs from Dicksonia in having the indusium formed from a single valve, and in its curious rhizome, which forms a thick, spreading crust, clothed with small peltate scales. Venation of Pleopeltis, copiously anastomosing, and forming areoles, in which are included free veinlets. LECANOPTERIS CARNOSA. (Béume.) Rhizome very thick, fleshy ; stipes 1-6 inches long, glabrous; fronds coriaceous, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 7) glabrous, 1-2 feet or more long, 13-6 inches broad, linear-oblong, pinnatifid or nearly pinnate, from the wing being inconspicuous ; pinnules oblong, from a broad base (which runs into the more or less developed wing to the rachis), +-1 inch broad ; margin entire when sterile, lobed when fertile, apex generally rounded (but acuminate in the upper lobes in some examples) ; lobes of fertile pinnules 3-6 on each side, dilated at the apex into a cupuliform cartilaginous cup, which forms the indusium, and is reflexed when dry ; veins immersed, except the costa ; areoles copious, Perak. (jJ. Day. King.) (Also in the Malay Islands and the Philippines.) 1. DENNSTDTIA SCABRA. Near Simla, 5,000-6,000 feet alt. (Dr. Watt.) 2. DENNSTDTIA APPENDICULATA, VAR. ELwesit Denust. Elwesitit, Baker ; Bedd. Handbook, p. 26. Ample specimens collected by Mr. Levinge prove this to be only a glabrous var. of appendiculata. SUB-ORDER.—HYMENOPHYLLACE. This tribe is now removed from this sub-order (Polypodiacez) by Mr. Baker, and made a sub-order of itself, standing between Gleicheniacez and Polypodiacez. 4. HYMENOPHYLLUM POLYANTHOS VAR. y BLUMEANUM. Perak, 4,000 feet alt. (Day, Scortechinz.) 5. HYMENOPHYLLUM AUSTRALE (W77/a. Sp. Pl, v. 527) is an - older name than javanicum, (Sfreng.) Naga Hills, on Jakpho, 7,500 feet alt. Var. 3 badium. Perak, 4,000 feet. (Day. Scortechinz.) 5A. HYMENOPHYLLUM DILATATUM. (Sw.) ‘‘Stipe 2-4 inches lohg, erect, wiry, slightly winged above ; fronds 6-12 inches long, 4-6 inches broad, ovate-lanceolate tripinnatifid; main rachis winged throughout, the wing quite flat; lower pinne rhomboidal- lanceolate, divided down nearly to the rachis, the lower pinnule 8 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. again pinnatifid ; sori 2-12 to a pinna terminalor axillary on the segments on both sides, divided about half-way down ; valves rounded entire, clusters often exserted.”’ Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 62. H. formosum Bracken. H. Junghuhnii and eximium, V. D. B. Perak. (Day. King.) The fern referred by me to varum R. Br. in my list of Mr. Day’s Perak ferns is only a small form of this species. (Also in New Zealand, Java, Tahiti, Samoa, Aneiteum, Fiji, and other Polynesian Islands.) 94. HYMENOPHYLLUM FLACcIDUM. (Vanden Bosch.) (Z. denticulatum var. [3 flacctdum, Bedd.’s Handbook, p. 35.) Thi’ is a good species. to. HYMENOPHYLLUM NeEEsu. Perak, 5,000 feet alt. i2. HYMENOPHYLLUM ACULEATUM. V.D.&. “Stipe 1-2 in. long, naked or slightly winged ; frond broadly ovate, triangular, deeply tripinnatifid, 1-2 inches long,more than 1 inch broad below ; rachis margined throughout with a wing which is thickly beset with aristate teeth ; pinne crisped, the lower ones flabellate-pinnatifid nearly down to the midrib; the ultimate segments very narrow, 2-3 lines long, and deeply cut up nearly to the midrib by numerous strong aristate teeth ; sori solitary supra-axillary spinose on the back, divided about half-way down with ovate spinoso-serrated valves.” Van den Bosch, Hymenophyllacee Javanice pl. xxxi.; sabinefolium, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 71. The leafy portion is hardly more than bristly teeth, imparting to it a resemblance to Lycopodium cernuum. Perak, 4,000 feet alt. Penang, 3,000 feet alt. (Day, King.) (Also in Java.) tA. TRICHOMANES WALL. (Zhiwazies.) Rhizome filiform, wide- creeping ; fronds ovate-orbicular, ciliated entire, $-} inch long ; veins distinct, simple, spurious venules none; sorus solitary at FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 9 the end of the distinct midrib ; indusium funnel-shaped immersed, with a broad entire collar-like border. Southern forests of Ceylon. 2. TRICHOMANES EXIGUUM. T. setigerum Jemn. (/our. of - Bot. 1881, fp. 52) is a synonym. (Also in Cuba and Jamaica.) 3. TRICHOMANES NEILGHERRENSE. Perak. (Scortechinz. King.) 5. TRICHOMANES MUSCOIDES. Perak. (A7zig.) 6. TRICHOMANES PARVULUM. Perak. (Scortechinz.) Ceylon. (Zrimen.) 13. TRICHOMANES BIPUNCTATUM. Perak, 4,000 feet alt. (Day.) Var. 6 date alatum. V.D.8. Similar to the type, but fronds sessile. Rungbee, Sikkim. Clarke, Jour. Linn. Soc. vol. xxiv. p. 410. 15. TRICHOMANES BIRMANICUM. Omit this species, as it is only a finely-cut form of radicans. 16. [TRICHOMANES RADICANS. Tenasserim on the Mooleyit Mt. Perak. (A7zng.) 17. TRICHOMANES AURICULATUM. Perak. 3,000 feet. (Day, Scortechinz.) 18. TRICHOMANES JAVANICUM. (B/.) Perak. (Azng.) 20. TRICHOMANES HISPIDULUM. (Medt.) ‘Rhizome woody, suberect ; scales minute, subulate bright-brown ; stipe }—} foot long, winged, and slightly crinite upwards; fronds 4-1 foot, deltoid 4-pinnatifid ; main rachis narrowly winged throughout ; pinnz close deltoid, lowest much the largest, 14-3 inches broad, produced on the lower side; pinnules close, lower deltoid, cuneate- truncate on the lower side at base ; ultimate lobes distinct, } line broad, }-+ line long; texture rather thick ; colour, dark olive 10 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. green ; surfaces naked ; sori copious, placed on the upper side of ultimate lobes; involucre minute, free, funnel-shaped, with a ciliated entire mouth and long receptacle.” Hook. Syn, Fil, p, 466. Kuhn, Linn. xxxv. p. 389. Perak. (Scortechint. King.) (Also near Labuan, in Borneo.) 21. TRICHOMANES GEMMATUM. (/. Sw.) ‘‘Rhizome strong, wiry, tomentose, beset with numerous long black wiry fibres ; stipes 1-3 inches long, naked, wiry, winged above; fronds 2-6 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, erect, subrigid, ovate-oblong, bipinnatifid ; main rachis narrowly winged ; pinne erecto-patent, cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis, lower pinnules deeply forked with subrigid, linear-filiform segments 14~2 lines long; cellules large; sori 1-8 to a pinna, minute axillary; the tube turbinate stalked ; the mouth nearly truncate.” Hook. Syn. Fi. 87. T. cellulosum, Sturm. Hook. Second Cent. Ferns, t. 63. T. filiforme, Sturm. T. longisetum, Brack. T. Asz-Grayi, V. D. B. T. feeniculaceum, Flook. Sp. i. p. 135 (in part). Perak. (Scortechintz.) (Also in Java, Philippines, Polynesian Islands, Venezuela, North of Brazil.) 22. TRICHOMANES MAXIMUM. (£/.) “ Rhizome stout, creeping; stipe strong, erect, 3-6 inches long; fronds, 12-18 inches long, 6-9 inches broad, ovate, quadripinnatifid ; pinnz erecto-patent, ovate-lanceolate, the largest 4-6 inches long, 2 inches braad ; pinnules lanceolate-deltoid, 1 inch or more long, cut down to the rachis into segments, which are again deeply pinnatifid, ultimate segment 14-2 lines long, slightly flattened; texture subrigid, surface naked, dark-green ; a central costa only in each segment ; sori 2-3 to a pinnule; involucre cylindrical, the mouth dilated but not 2-lipped.” Hook. Syn. fil. p. 86. T. anceps, var. 2. LLOOR Sp. Fl p- 135.0. A0'c. 3. a intermediam, W/o wae Perak. (Scortechint. Kzng.) (Also in Java, Borneo, and Polynesian Islands.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Tae 23. TRICHOMANES PLUMA. (fo04.) “ Rhizome short, creep- ing, clothed with dense minute fibrillose bright-brown scales ; stipe 2-4 inches long, terete, wiry ; fronds lanceolate, 4—6 inches long, 1-14 inches broad decompound; rachis stiff, terete through- out ; pinnee crowded, 20—30-jugate spreading, under 4 inch broad ; lower pinnules sparsely pinnatifid, cut into distant bristle-like dichotomously-forked lobes, {+ inch long, which spread in all directions ; sori few placed near base of upper pinnz ; involucre under 4 line long, stalked, with a funnel-shaped tube, truncate mouth, and very long receptacle.” Hook, Syn. Fil. 466, Tc, tab. 997. Perak. (Scortechznz.) (Also in the Malay Islands.) 24. TRICHOMANES APIIFOLIUM. (Pres/.) Stipes tufted, 4-6 inches long, strong, erect, more or less fibrillose, and the tuft densely so at the crown ; fronds 9-18 inches long, 4~8 inches broad, ovate, quadripinnatifid, the main rachis only slightly winged towards the apex ; lower pinnz 4-6 inches long, 1-14 inch broad, lanceolate acuminate ; pinnules with numerous segments, which are again cut down into slightly flattened ultimate divisions about 1 line long; texture subrigid, surface naked, a single costa only in each segment; sori 2-12 to a pinnule, small, the involucre short turbinate. Sys. /7/. p. 86. Mount Ophir, Malacca. (Dr. King’s collectors.) (Also in Java, Philippines, Polynesian Islands, and Narfolk, Island.) 25. TRICHOMANES PARVIFLORUM. (fozr.) Stipes nearly tufted, erect, wiry, 2-4 inches long, naked or tomentose ; fronds 4-8 inches long, 14-3 inch broad, erect, rigid, ovate-lanceolate; main rachis naked or slightly winged above; lower pinnz spread- -ing or erecto-patent, 1-14 inch long, cut down quite or nearly to the rachis; pinnules regularly pinnatifid, with simple or forked linear filiform segments 1-14 lines long ; texture subcoriaceous ; 12 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. sori 2-12 to a pinna, minute axillary; the mouth rather spread- ing, but not two-lipped. ook. Syn. Fil. 88. T. foeniculaceum. (Bory.) Perak. (Day.) Singapore. (Moore's Herb.) (Also in Borneo, Mauritius, Bourbon, and Queensland.) TRIBE 1V —DAVALLIEA., 3A. HuMATA SESSILIFoLIA. (B/) %« Rhizome very long, wide, creeping, densely clothed with rigid filiform scales ; fronds subsessile, 2-4 inches long, 1-14 inch broad, ovate-lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis into parallel linear-oblong entire or - sinuate lobes, the lower side of the lower one sometimes deeply pinnatifid ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori in two rows in the lobes, occupying the greater part of the space between the costa and margin.” Hook. Syn. Fil. p 89. Singapore. (Szwclazr.) Also in Moore's Herbariunt. (Also in Java, Celebes, and Fiji.) 4A. HumaTA PINNATIFIDA. (Baker.) Rhizome slender, firm, wide-creeping, clothed with close-pressed ovate peltate scales, glaucous beneath the scales; stipes distant, firm, erect, stramineous, up to 4 inches long ; fronds elongate-deltoid, broadest at the base, graduallyjnarrowed towards the apex, 3-54 inches long by 2% inches broad at base, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis into numerous deltoid-lanceolate, entire or slightly lobed segments, the lowest pair much the broadest, deltoid, lobed on the lower margin ; texture rigidly coriaceous; veins simple or forked ; sori terminal on the veins; indusium rigid, persistent,-much broader than long. Saker, Jour. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 257. Larut, Perak, on trees in dense jungles, 3.500—4,500 feet alt. (Dr. King’s collector, No. 6393.) (Also in Borneo, on the Niah Hills.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 13 2. LEUCOSTEGIA MEMBRANULOSA. Near Darjeeling, 6,000 feet alt. (Levznge.) 3. LEUCOSTEGIA MULTIDENTATA. Kohima, 6,000 feet alt. ( Waitt.) 4. LEUCOSTEGIA ASSAMICA. Kohima, 4,500 feet alt.; N. Munipore, 5,500 feet alt. (Clarke.) The Kohima specimens are more finely cut, and the segments closer than in the type. 5. LEUCOSTEGIA IMMERSA. Chamba (McDowell); Simla (Cuttell) ; N. Munipore, 6,000 feet ( Wazz). 6. LeucosTeEGIA Hooxeri. Yunan. (Delavay.) 7. LEUCOSTEGIA PULCHRA. Chumba; Kullu; Simla; Kashmir, up to 10,000 feet alt. Perak. Var. Detavayt. Ultimate segments very finely cut, being narrower than the sori, and of more rigid texture. Clarke, Jour. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 410. Khasia, at Maophlang, 5,600 feet alt., and at the Vale of Rocks, 5,000 feet alt. (Clarke.) (Also in Yunan.) g. LEUCOSTEGIA HYMENOPHYLLOIDES. Perak, 3,000 feet alt. (Day, Scortechint.) 11. LeucosTEGIA Nobosa. Perak. (Scortechinz.) 12. LEUCOSTEGIA YAKLAENSIS. (7. 5p.) Stipe 1 foot or more long, furnished with large lanceolate acuminate membraneous scales, more copious towards the base; fronds deltoid lanceolate 14-2 feet long quadripinnate ; pinnz erecto-patent, lanceolate, attenuated towards the apex and base, 6-12 inches long, 34-8 14 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. inches broad at the centre, somewhat coriaceous in texture; secondary pinne oblong lanceolate ; tertiary about 4 inch long, deltoid dr deltoid oblong, with 4-10 distinctly petioled small pinnules, the lowest superior one again pinnatifid, the others inciso-dentate ; partial! rachises glabrous or sparingly scaly; a gland present on the main rachis at the insertion of the pinne ; veins swollen, pinnate or forked in the ultimate lobes; sori apical ; indusium as in the genus. Yakla, Sikkim (No. 9,82, Clarke, under the name of Athyrium Atkinsoni var. Andersoni, but not the fern described as such). Yaksam (Anderson), 4,500 feet alt. (No. 1,512). 1. PROSAPTIA EMERSONI. Perak. (Day, Scortechinz.) 2, PROSAPTIA CONTIGUA. Singapore. Perak (Day, Scortechinc. King, No. 2,107.) 1. DAVALLIA TRIPHYLLA. Perak. (Dr. King’s collectors, No. 974 and 8,149.) 2. DAVALLIA soLipA. Perak, sea level. (Day.) s. DAVALLIA DIVARICATA. Munipore. (Watt) Katakhal Forest, Cachar (AZanm). Of very large size and dull coloured, instead of shining, stipes 18 inches long ; fronds 34 feet long and nearly 3 feet broad ; lower pinnz 16 inches long. 7. DAVALLIA LorraInel. Perak. (Kzng, No. 6,381.) 8: DAVALLIA BULLATA. Var. § CYPHOCHLAMYS. Clarke, Jour. Linn. Soc. xxiv. p. 411 + involucre broadly campanulate, the mouth wider and more open ; scales of the rhizome not ciliate. Khasia, near Shillong, 4,000 feet alt. (Clarke. Mann.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 15 2. MICROLEPIA PINNATA. Var. Luzonica. (fook.) Pinnz lobed; lobes up to 14 inch long, erecto-patent. Larut, Perak, 2,000-3,000 feet alt. (zug, (Vo. 2,144.) Dr. King’s specimens differ from those of Java and the Philippines and from Sir W. Hooker’s fig. in SP. /7/., in having only the central portion of the pinnz expanded into lobes 1-14 inch long on each side, there being a long caudate apex, and a long entire basal portion. 6. Microtepia Kurzu. Perak. (Dr. King’s collectors, No. 2,397:) IoA. MICROLEPIA MoLUcCcCANA. (B/.) Stipe strong, erect, about 1 foot high; fronds 2-4 feet long, 9-18 inches broad, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnz lanceolate, 9-12 inches long, 4-6 inches broad, the segments of the pinnules cut down to the rachis into broadly-toothed oblong lobes in the lower part ; texture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces naked; sori 1-6 in a lobe placed in the teeth, small, submarginal. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 99. D. inequalis y minor. Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p. 180, fad. 58. D. campyleura, Kze. Khasia. (Grifith.) Perak, 3,000-4,000 feet alt. (Scortechinz.) (Also in the Malay, Philippine, and Polynesian Islands.) 1. STENOLOMA CHINENSIS. Simla. (Z7rotter.) 1. CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. Cashmir, 5,000 feet alt. (Zvotter.) 1A: CYSTOPTERIS MONTANA. (Zzuk.) ‘Rhizome _ wide- creeping ; stipe slender, erect, 6-9 inches long; frond about 6 inches each way, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lowest pinnules deltoid lanceolate, 1-14 inches long, 4-3 inch broad ; segments cut down 16 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, | to the rachis below, the lobes oblong, 2 lines long, 1 line broad, deeply and sharply toothed ; texture thinly herbaceous; sori small, 18-24 to the lower segments.”’ ook. Syn. Fil. p. 104. Cashmir. (Also mountains of Scandinavia, Scotland, and Central Europe ; Kamschatka and N. America.) IB. CYSTOPTERIS SUDETICA. (A. Br. and Milde.) Rhizome wide-creeping glabrous ; stipe slender elongate, 4—6 inches long ; frond 4-5 inches long by 4 inches broad at base, triangular, tripinnate ; pinnz lanceolate acuminate, herbaceous in texture, the final segments obtuse inciso-denticulate ; sori large, 3-8 to the larger segments; indusium glabrous. Hook. Syn. Fil. 103. C. moupinensis Franchet Pl. David. ii.149. Davallia triangularis. (Baker). Ann. Bot. v. 1891. Chambi (Dr. Kzig, No. 83), Moupine, Thibet, Yunan. In outline like montana, but texture cutting and shape of the segments like fragilis. (Also in China, Silesia, and the Carpathians.) 2. CYSTOPTERIS SETOSA. Khasia Hills. (A/anzu.) TRIBE V,.—LINDSAYEZA., 3A. LINDSAYA BORNEENSIS. (//o0k.) “‘ Rhizome short, creeping, paleaceous ; stipe strong, erect, polished, 9-15 inches long ; fronds 12-18 inches long, 9-12 inches broad, with a long unbranched apex and 6-9 erecto-patent branches on each side, which are 6-9 inches tong; pinnules 3-4 lines long, 14-2 lines deep, closely placed or even imbricated, quite entire, the outer edge blunt ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; veins prominent ; soriin a continuous marginal line.” Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 107. Perak. (Scorfechinz.) (Also in Borneo.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 17 4. LINDSAYA ORBICULATA. Mr. Wall has sent from Ceylon specimens quite connecting schizuphylla with the type. (Vzde specimens in Kew Herb.) 6. LinpsAyA RIGIDA. Perak. (Scortechznz:) 8. LINDSAYA DIVERGENS. Perak. (Scortechint.) Penang 2,000-3,000 feet alt. (Day.) to. LINDSAYA HETEROPHYLLA. This can only be considered a free-veined variety of Schizoloma heterophylla; the venation is very untrustworthy in Lindsaya and Schizoloma. 1. SCHIZOLOMA LOBATA. Perak. (Scortechinz. King.) Some of King’s specimens have free veins. 2. SCHIZOLOMA DAVALLIOIDES, Perak. (Scortechint. King.) 3. SCHIZOLOMA CORDATA. Gathered lately in Borneo by Hose. 3. SCHIZOLOMA ENSIFOLIA. Perak. (A7g’s collectors, No. 1,179:) TRIBE VI.—PTERIDE., 2. ADIANTUM LUNULATUM. Perak. Sea level. (Day.) Some specimens from the Bombay Presidency and other parts of -India have the pinnules quite entire. Var. 2 Metrent; caudatum var. y soboliferum is, I believe, a synonym here; at least I cannot distinguish Wallich’s speci- mens in the Linnean and Kew Herbaria. Mettenii has been found in the Philippines. 3A. ADIANTUM EpcEwortuul. (/Zo0k.) Stipe elongate, slender, as well as the rachis ebeneous glabrous; fronds linear-oblong, 3 18 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. elongated, attenuated often rooting at apex, and there bare of pinne ; pinne nearly sessile, alternate dimidiato-oblong, rather acute, the upper base truncated and parallel with the rachis ; upper margin obscurely lobed ; lobes truncated, each bearing an oblong elongated sorus. Hook. Sp. Fil. ii. 14. ADIANTUM CAU- DATUM, VAR. 3 EpGEwoRTHU. Sedd. Handbook, p. 84. 4. ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS VAR. FERGUSONI. JZoore, Gard. Chron. 1884, ii. 360. A very fine large form of this species, now in cultivation in England, originated as a sport, it is supposed, in a garden at Columbo (Ceylon). 4A. ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS VAR. WaAT?TII. Rhizome creeping, sparingly scaly ; stipes up to 7-8 inches long, naked, slender, castaneous or black, shining; fronds deltoid or sub- deltoid, 3-pinnate, glabrous, moderately firm, up to 1 foot long, 4-7 inches broad at base, with a long unbranched apex ; pinnz erecto-patent, gradually smaller and simpler upwards ; secondary pinne erect, with 3-6 stalked pinnules, which are entire or variously lobed, obscurely crenulate when sterile ; sori 1-4 to a pinnule ; indusium firm from orbicular or reniform to oblong, the shape depending on the cutting of the segment. Adiantum Wattil. Baker. Jour. Bot. xviii. 381 tab. 14 (from small poor specimens). Adiantum Levingei. Baker, Jour. Bot. v. 1891. N. India, Chingtang, 3,ooofeet alt. Sikkim (Levznge). Chamba State. (Watt.) Pangi,Chenab Valley,8,ooo feet alt. (McDoznell.) Copious specimens from these localities prove that Mr. Baker’s supposed species belong to the same plant. I cannot regard it as more than a slight variety of Capillus-Veneris, very similar to some of the Crimean forms ; in factsome of my specimens of var. Lowei from the Crimea might be ranged with it. 5. ADIANTUM 4THIOPICUM. Afghanistan. 6a. Apiantum Davinr. (Franchet.) Caudex creeping ; stipe black, shining, stiff, 6-10 inches long ; frond broad, triangular, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 19 acuminate, 3-6 inches long, 24—5 inches broad at the base, texture coriaceous, tripinnate, more or less glaucous beneath, the tertiary pinnules or segments inversely triangular, subflabellate, the broad apex very sharply toothed, the teeth long; sori i-2 to each segment. franchet Pl. David ii. 150. Moupine, Thibet (Pere David) differs from venustum in its triangular form, its coriaceous texture, and in the shape of its ultimate pinnules. 7. ADIANTUM PEDATUM. Kangra (Cuwfttell), Chambra (McDonell), Hatu, 10,000 feet alt. (Blanford). GENUS XXIVa.—HYPOLEPIS. (Hypo, under ; /epzs, a scale.) Sori marginal at the apex of the veins, small, distinct, occupying the axils of the lobes. Indusium small, suborbicular, membranous, formed out of the reflexed margins. Veins simple or forked, free. Rhizome wide-creeping. Fronds large, compound. HYPOLEPIS PUNCTATA. (7. sf.) Rhizome large, wide-creep- ing ; fronds 4-6 feet long, quadripinnatifid, bright green in colour, rachises strigose ; pinne herbaceous, about 2 feet long and more than a foot broad at base, on petioles about 2 inches long ; secondary pinnz lanceolate, 6-8 inches long; tertiary pinne about 14 inches long, 3 inch broad, cut down nearly to the rachis (leaving a wing) into 10-i2 oblong obtuse segments on each side which are bluntly lobed, surfaces glabrous, the tertiary rachis and midrib with a few longish white hairs on both sides ; sori in the axils of the 1-2 lower lobes on each side of the segments. Larut, Perak, 4,400 feet—6,000 feet alt. (Dr. King's collector, No. 5,015.) This is exactly like Phegopteris punctata in cutting, &c. but having a most distinct membranaceous indusium, I cannot refer it 20 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. to that genus, the Phegopteris, however, will, I expect, eventually be referred here (see the remarks in Syw. (77. under Hypolepis Purdieana and Phegopteris punctata, £f. 130 and 312). Ihave never detected a regular indusium in the Phegopteris, but the unchanged margin of the frond is often reflexed over the sorus. 1. CHEILANTHES Dutuiel. (Baker, Ann. Bot. vol. v.) Caudex erect; stipes densely tufted, castaneous, glabrous, 1-14 inch long, with a few scales towards the base; fronds oblong- deltoid, membranous, glabrous, pinnate, pinnatifid upwards, 2 inches long, green on both surfaces; pinne oblong-deltoid, sessile, the lowest the largest, produced on the lower side; pinnules oblong, {—$ inch broad ; sori placed all round the edge of the pinnules, usually orbicular, rarely confluent ; indusium grey, glabrous, orbicular-reniform, persistent. Cutting of swd- villosa, but different in its indusium, It belongs to Fée’s section Adiantopsis, which has the involucres distinct and roundish, confined to the apex of a single veinlet, instead of being more or less confluent. Rock crevices near the Kinari Pass, 12,000-13,000 feet alt. (Garhwal). 4A. CHEILANTHES TRICOPHYLLA. (Baker.) Caudex erect ; stipes tufted, pubescent, brown, 4-5 inches long; fronds oblong- lanceolate, tripinnatifid, coriaceous; a foot long, 3-4 inches broad ; main rachis flexuose, pubescent, glaucous, sparingly hairy above, less so or glabrous beneath ; pinnz patent, oblong-lanceo- late; secondary pinnz shortly petioled, triangular from a broad base, cut down nearly to the rachis into linear falcate segments, the lower ones about } inch long; veins invisible; indusium broad, whitish, continuous, persistent. (Baker, Ann. Bot. v. 1891.) Yunan; on the mountain Yanin Glan, above Lan Kong. (Delavay.) 7. CHEILANTHES TENUIFOLIA. Ceylon. (Zrzmen.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. ay 8. CHEILANTHES FARINOSA. Mr. Blandford has proposed the name of anceps for the lanceolate variety of farinosa, so common on all the mountain ranges in India; it, however, was figured by Hooker in his Sf. 777. as bullosa (Kze.), vol. ii. pl. 96; and afterwards by me under the same name, f/. 192, Ferns Southern India. 1 afterwards found, by long observation, that it ran so imperceptibly into the more deltoid forms which grow at lower elevations that I did not even propose it as a distinct variety in my handbook ; the stipes and rachises vary from being very scaly to quite glabrous. (Vide Kunze Linnea. xxiv. p. 272). If a separate name is given to this form it should be var. dz/losa, (Kze.) CHEILANTHES FARINOSA VAR. GRISEA. (Blanf.) “Stipes slender, 2-6 inches long, light brown, naked or bearing a few thin, brown and translucent-lanceolate scales near the base ; fronds dimorphous, one form narrow-lanceolate, 4-5 inches long, 14-2 broad, thin papyraceous, lower 3-4 pairs of pinne subequal distant, under surface thickly coated, upper surface sprinkled, with white powder, segments narrow-oblong ; the other form ovate- lanceolate, pinnz close triangular; lower two pairs equal, both forms fertile, involucres as in typical farinosa.” Blandford, Jour. Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, vol. \iii. part 2, p. 302. Nagkanda, 8,300~-8,500 feet alt. ; Darjeeling, 8,000 feet alt. ; Khasia, Nunklow, 2,500 feetalt. Clarke, No. 45,686. Cheilanthes farinosa var. tenera. Clarke and Baker, Ferns of N. India, Jour. Linn. Soc. vol. xxiv. p. 411. A delicate, slender plant. I have never seen any form like it in Southern India. I attach no importance to the dimorphism of the fronds, as typical farinosa and some other of the varieties, show this tendency more or less. CHEILANTHES FARINOSA VAR, SUBDIMORPHA. Clarke and Baker, Ferns of N. India, Jour. Linn. Soc. vol. xxiv. p. 411. Shillong, 5,000 feet. (Clarke, No. 40,629.) Yunan (De/avay). 22 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. The character of this variety is a very short, triangular frond on a very long stipe ; it is, however, only an extreme form of deltoid farinosa ; some of my fronds are 14-15 inches long including the stipe, the frondiferous apex being only 3 inches; the shorter stiped fronds are, however, all fertile in my examples, and of the same triangular form; it approaches C. argentea, but the frond is much more cut. CHEILANTHES FARINOSA VAR. ALBO-MARGINATA. (=Cheilanthes albo-marginata, Vo. 10 of Handbook.) Typical specimens of this fern differ from Dalhousie in the scales having translucent — margins, in the presence of farina, and in the involucre being much lacerate ; it is so closely allied to Dalhousiz that I now place it also as a variety of farinosa ; the character of the scales is not constant. gA. CHEILANTHES DELavayi. (Baser.) Caudex erect ; stipes tufted, hairy, castaneous, 5-6 inches long; frond deltoid or oblong-deltoid, tripinnatitid, 6 inches long, 2-3 inches broad herbaceous, green cn both surfaces, a little pubescent; lower pinnze the largest deltoia-petioled ; secondary pinnz deltoid, $2 inches broad, cut down nearly to the rachis into contiguous oblong segments ; veins clearly visible, pinnate in the segments, the veinlets forked ; indusium continuous, pale coloured crenate persistent. Baker, Ann. Bot. v. 1891. Yunan, Shwang Sheteon, above Tapintze, near Tali. (Delavay.) Very near some of the less cut forms of subvillosa, and probably only a deltoid form of that species. 12. CHEILANTHES ARGENTEA. The Birmese locality is the Zwakabin Mountain, where it was collected by Mr. Parish at 1800 feet alt. Pellza tamburii (Aook.), Handbook, p. 101, is a synonym here. 2, ONYCHIUM JAPONICUM. The root stock is generally creeping. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 23 VAR. MULTISECTUM. Very distinct as the extreme forms of this appear, Dr. Watt has supplied me with a very complete series, graduating from the most simple form of japonicum to the finest cut multisectum ; the latter is very common about Simla, 6 ,000—9,000 feet alt. I. CRYPTOGRAMME CRISPA. Gathered by Prain in the crater on Barren Island, Andamans. (Also in Afghanistan.) 3. PELL£A TAMBURI. Omit this species; it is a synonym of Cheilanthes argentea. 1. PTERIS LONGIFOLIA. Perak. (Day, Scortechinz.) 2. PYERIS CRETICA. Perak. CN , PTERIS ENSIFORMIS. Var. (2 GREVILLEANA. This is probably only a variety of Greyilleana No. 11, as suspected by Mettenius. Specimens at Kew collected by Bishop Hose in Borneo have the fronds of both on the same roct. I have not seen the digitate fronds on any of the N. Indian examples. 10. PTERIS QUADRIAURITA. Var. SETIGERA. Theoldest name for this is Pteris hamulosa. (Wallich) ; it should be PTERIS QUADRI-AURITA VAR. HAMULOSA. ( Wail.) Var. « suBgUINATA. (Wai/.) A small form, 8-10 inches high 5 stipes stramineous ; fronds short deltoid, lateral pinnz often only 1-2, rarely 3—4 pair, with a large terminal central pinna, segments long, nearly equally broad throughout, spreading at right angles from the midrib, lower basal segments of the lower pinne only slightly enlarged and pinnatifid, or quite entire and uniform with the others. Nepal (Wadlich), Kumaon 3,000 feet alt. at Bagasar (S¢rachy and Winterbotham), Lachen Valley (Levinge). Mr. Levinge’s 24 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. specimens are more slender than Wallich’s type more papy- raceous in texture and furnished with a broad white band down the centre of each pinna; it would be a very pretty plant for cultivation. VAR. kK ASPERULA (/. Sm.) Stipe up to 2 feet long, together with the rachis asperous, pinne comb-like, with a long caudate apex, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into numerous narrow pinnules 1 inch long, } inch broad, numerous long stiff setze on the rachis of the pinnz and midrib of pinnules. Garo Hills, Assam, on the Tura Peak, 3,000 feet alt. (G, Mam.) A very elegant variety. Var. X DEPAUPERATA, Pinnz 4-6 pair, the lower ones gradually diminishing in size, and the lowest simply pinnate, without any auricles, so that the frond is obovate in outline, apex of pinne sometimes long caudate. Perak at no elevation (Xuzstler, No. 1,405) ; Munipore (Dr. Watt, No. 5,992); S. Andaman Islands (Prazi). 11. PTERIS GREVILLEANA. Pteris quadriaurita var. digitata. Baker, Jour. Bot. 1879, ~. 40. Lukhimpore, 300 feet alt. Gari on the Garo Hills, 1,200 feet alt. (Clarke.) Cachar. (Keenan). Perak. (Kzng’s collectors, No. 7,092.) Also in Tonquin ; Borneo. (Surbidge and Hose.) 13. PTERIS EXCELSA. Specimens collected in the Khasia Hills by Jerdon have the rachis, partial rachis, and midrib finely scaly underneath. Mann sends specimens from the North Cachar Hills, 2,500 feet alt., with the lower pinne bipartite, and occasional campterioid venation ; excelsa can be easily distinguished from longipinnula by the stipes and rachis being bright chestnut- coloured ; in longipinnula they are bright green or stramineous. 14. PTERIS PATENS. Birma. Perak, 2,500 feet alt. (Day.) 1. CAMPTERIA BIAURITA, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 25 Dr. King’s collectors have gathered in Perak a variety with the fronds glaucous underneath, No. 1,338. There is a white banded variety of this common in Ceylon, exactly similar to Pteris quadriaurita, var. argentea, except in venation ; the same is common in cultivation in England. VaR. MAJOR. Segments very large, as in longipinnula ; veins excurrent at the margins; lower pine bipartite. Sikkim. (Dr. Watt.) 2, CAMPTERIA KLEINIANA. (Also in Madagascar, Antananarina. Zambesi.) 3. CAMPTERIA WALLICHIANA. N. Munipore. (Watt, Clarke.) 1. DORYOPTERIS LUDENS. Limestone rocks at Moulmein (Parish); Naga Hills, 750 feet alt. (C/arke); Chattick, on the eastern range in Munipore, 5,000 feet alt. ( Wa/t), very abundant. 2. LITOBROCHIA INCISA. Perak, 3,000 feet (Day); N. Munipore, 3,500 feet alt. (Clarke). VAR. INTEGRIFOLIA. Pinnz petiolate; pinnules subpetiolate, long, linear, acuminate, perfectly entire, obliquely cordate at the base, the basal pair not auricle-like, and an inch.or more distant from the rachis; veins copiously anastomosing ; sori continuous almost to the apex of the finely-acuminated point. Maxwell’s Hill, Perak. (Day.) I donot know how far this variety is constant ; it lcoks very distinct from the ordinary form ; Mr. Day collected copious specimens. In the vast material at Kew from many countries there are no entire pinnuled specimens except from Perak, some specimens from Aneitium have the pinnules only slightly lobed. 3. Litobrochia marginata should be altered to L. TRIPARTITA (Sw.), that being the oldest name. Perak up to 3,000 alt. (Day, cortechint.) 26 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 2. LOMARIA PROCERA. (Sfr.) Caudex stout, woody, elongated, clothed with large ovate or lanceolate ferruginous scales ; stipes 6-12 inches long, stout, erect, scaly; barren frond, ovate or deltoid-triangular, 1-4 feet long, 6-12 inches broad; pinne linear, 3-12 inches long, 4-1 inch broad, the lower ones often stalked, the base rounded, cordate, or auricled, gradually narrowed into a point at apex entire or slightly toothed, texture coriaceous ; veins fine, close and parallel, simple or forked ; mid- rib beneath more or less chaffy fertile pinnz, much contracted ; involucre broad, membranacevus ciliated. Perak, Gunong, Bata—Putcho, 3,000-4,000 feet alt. on rocks in rich soil. (Dr. King’s collector, No. 8,065.) In King’s speci- mens the fronds are quite triangular, the whole of the stipe and rachis is densely covered with large orange brown scales ; it is the variety called vestita by Blume. 1. PLAGIOGYRIA ADNATA. Birma, Nat. Toung, 7,500 feet alt. GENUS XXXVIa._SADLERIA. (Kauif.) Sori in a continuous line close to the midrib on both sides, placed on an elevated receptacle ; involucre narrow subcoriaceous, at first wrapped over the sorus, afterwards spreading; veins forming a series of costal arches ; caudex 3-4 feet high, arbor- escent. SADLERIA CYATHEOIDES. (Aau/f) “Stipes strong, erect, 6-18 inches long, naked except at the base, where it is densely clothed with long linear scales ; fronds 4—6 feet long, 9-18 inches broad ; pinnz 8-12 inches long, $—? inch broad, cut down to the rachis into very numerous connected linear pinnules, 2-5 inch broad, acute or bluntish ; texture coriaceous ; veins immersed and inconspicuous ; rachis stout, naked.” Mook. Syn. Fil. 187. Perak. (Day.) (Also in Sumatra and Sandwich Islands.) = FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 27 TRIBE VIII—ASPLENIEA. t. ASPLENIUM ENSIFORME. Mussoorie. (//oge.) 2A. ASPLENIUM MactTIERI. (Sedd.) Caudex small, erect, scaly ; scales dark brown, with a paler margin, lanceolate from a broad base, finely acuminate ; stipes 6-9 inches long, pale yellow, whitish at the base; fronds 6-9 inches long, 14 inches broad, gradually narrowed below, gradually or finely acuminated at the apex, the margin crenate or serrate, texture subcoriaceous ; veins distinct, usually once forked from near the base, occasionally again forked towards the apex, not quite reaching the margin ; sori reaching from the midrib two-thirds towards the margin ; indusium broad and very prominent. Jour. Bot. 1888, 3. Penang. (MJactier.) | Allied to Griffithianum, but with a long slender stipe, rather more coriaceous and paier in colour. 2B. ASPLENIUM SCORTECHINI. (Gedd.) Stipes tufted, short, erect ; fronds linear-lanceolate, 2-24 feet long by about 1 inch broad, gradually attenuated below into the stipe and at the apex into a fine long point, the margin entire or sub-entire, texture coriaceous, glabrous, or with a few scales on the lower surface ; veins rather distant, once forked from below the middle ; sori exactly at right angles to the midrib, reaching two-thirds of the way to the edge. Jour. of Bot. 1887, 322. Perak, 3,000-4,000 feet alt. Caulfield’s Hill. (Day, Scor- techint. King, No. 2,149.) Near Griffithianum, but fronds much longer with a much finer point, and the indusium quite square to the rachis. 2B. ASPLENIUM SQUAMULATUM. (28/.) Stipes tufted, 2-4 inches long, strong, scaly below; fronds lanceolate, 1 foot to nearly 3 feet long, 2-44 inches broad, broadest a little above the centre, very gradually narrowed below, and more suddenly upwards to an acuminate apex, and there sometimes proliferous ; 28 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. texture coriaceous ; veins simple or forked, one line apart, incon- spicuous, not quite reaching the margin; sori extending from close to the midrib to +-} inch of the margin; rachis stout, pale, furfuraceous on the underside, glabrous above. ook. Syn. LOU Da. UO. Perak, near Taepeng, at no elevation. (Day, Scortechanz. King, No. 1,927.) Habit of Thamnopteris, but without the transverse inter- marginal vein. (Also in Java, Borneo, and Philippines.) 2c. ASPLENIUM AMBOINENSE. (Wa//d.) Rhizome creeping ; stipes 1-6 inches long, more or less scaly ; fronds lanceolate, 18-24 inches long by 14~2 inches broad, very gradually narrowed below, rather suddenly narrowed towards the apex into an acuminate point, where it is often proliferous, the margin entire or obscurely crenated, texture subcoriaceous, slightly scaly below and on the rachis ; veins nearly at right angles with the rachis, simple or once forked 4 inch apart; sori extending from the midrib about two-thirds ofthe way to the margin. Aspl. fijeense Brack. Zook. Sy. Fil. p. 192. | Mergui and Tavoy. (Parzish.) Perak, 3,000-4,000 feet alt. (Day and Scortechint; King, No. 2,141.) (Also in Fiji, Samoa, and Aneitium.) - 3. ASPLENIUM ALTERNANS. Khasia Hills, 3,000-4,000 feet. (Mann.) 4. ASPLENIUM VIRIDE. (Also in Afghanistan.) 5. ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. The altitude should be 4,000 PtONTmoco Hicet: 6. ASPLENIUM NORMALE. Perak, 1,500 feet alt. (Day.) (Also in Japan, Siam, Sumatra, and Madagascar.) 7. ASPLENIUM SUBAVENIUM. Perak, (Scortechinz.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 29 8. ASPLENIUM SEPTENTRIONALE. Lahoul, 13,000 feet, and up te the snow line. (TZrot¢er.) Also in Afghanistan, 7,000-11,000 feet alt. ; Baramulla Pass, 6,000 feet alt. (AZzss Farrant.) g. ASPLENIUM LONGISSIMUM. Garo Hills. Munipore, 1oo- 1,000 feet alt. ; to. ASPLENIUM WIGHTIANUM—the variety vulcanicum. Perak. (Dr. King, No. 8,130, 8,424.) Var. 8 MICROPHYLLUM. Omit this, as it is Asp. tenerum. _ 11. ASPLENIUM TENERUM. South India on the Anamallay Hills. (Asplenium Wightianum, var. 8 Bedd. Handbook, p. 146.) 13A. ASPLENIUM BORNEENSE. (/Zo0k.) Stipe 1-4 inches long, stout, arcuate fibrillose, fronds 1-3 feet long, 1-24 inches broad, with very numerous sessile or shortly-petioled pinnz, the lower ones very gradually smaller, the central one } to 2 inches deep, the point bluntly rounded, the upper edge inciso-lobate; auricled inwards and narrowed suddenly at the base, the rest and the outer part of the lower edge, which is very obliquely truncated at the base, distinctly toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm, nearly naked ; veins flabellate in the outer half of the pinne ; sori few, almost in parallel rows. Hook. Syn. Fil. 203. Perak. (Day. King, No. 1,928; alt. 500 feet.) (Also in Borneo.) 14. ASPLENIUM HIRTUM. Madremacam Island, Mergui. Perak, 1000-3,000 feet alt. (Day.) 19A. ASPLENIUM DIMIDIATUM. (Sw.) Stipes tufted, 3-12inches long, blackish, slightly paleaceous; firm erect; fronds 6-15 inches long ; pinne 6-9 pairs, 14-3 inches long, #-1 inch broad, 30 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. ovate-acuminate, the lower base obliquely truncate, the rest of the margin very sharply inciso-serrate, the upper base enlarged into a rounded or obovate lobe ; texture coriaceous ; veins close, flabellate ; no distinct midrib; sori narrow, long linear. ook, Syn. Fil. 209. Goping, Perak. (Dr. King’s collector, No. 432.) Perhaps only a variety of falcatum, but the pinne are broader below and shorter. (Also in Tonquin, Tropical America, Cuba.) 21. ASPLENIUM PARADOXUM. (A7zig, Vo. 411, 7,164.) 23. ASPLENIUM UNILATERALE. VaR. DELICATULUM. Taok, Mr. Parish informs me, is the locality for this variety. 25. ASPLENIUM LACINIATUM. VAR. DEPAUPERATUM. (Clarke.) Fronds small, 7-14 inches long; pinnz small, $-14 inches long ; pinnatifid less than half way to the midrib; margins obtusely or acutely toothed. Clarke, TPA hep Aoe: I have received large specimens of this from Mr. Blandford, and agree with him that it must be recorded as a variety. It seems to connect some of the varieties of furcatum with this species, if itis not rather a variety of that fern. Wall. Cat. 234, depauperatum, is not this variety, but typical laciniatum. VAR. CRINIGERUM. Dr. Watt has collected fine specimens of this fern in Munipore. (No. 5,849.) It should perhaps be raised to specific rank between furcatum and laciniatum. Watts’s specimens are put with furcatum at Kew, a species which does not occur in N. India. 27. ASPLENIUM RuTA-MURARIA. Nepal, Kumaon, 10,000- 12,000 feet alt. (Duthie.) (Also in Afghanistan.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 31 274. ASPLENIUM GERMANICUM. (Wezss.) ‘Stipes densely tufted, 2-4 inches long, naked, slender, ebeneous; fronds 2-3 inches long, 3-1 inch broad, lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into a few distant narrow flabellato-cuneate pinnz on each side the lowest of which are again deeply cleft and also slightly inciso-serrate towards the point; texture coriaceous; veins obscure subparallel ; sori linear, when mature covering the whole breadth, but falling short of the point of the pinne.” ook. Syn. Fil, 212. Kashmir. (Also in Scotland and Norway to Hungary and Dalmatia.) 28. ASPLENIUM SAULIL. (Ho0#.) VAR. PEKINENSE. (Hamce.) (= Asp. pekinense, Handbook.) Further specimens have shown that this is oaly a less compound variety of Saulii. 30. ASPLENIUM FURCATUM. Mr. Trimen sends from Passara, 1,500 feet alt., in Ceylon, a variety (probably abnormal) with the pinne cut into filiform pinnules. ASPLENIUM FONTANUM. Simla, 7,000-9,000 feet alt. (Also in Afghanistan.) VAR. y YUNANENSE. (franchet.) Stipes densely tufted, short ; fronds 4-6 inches long, linear, 4-2 inch broad ; pinnules broad, lanceolate, cut down halfway or more to the rachis into several incised, small, oblong, or falcate lobes, the lowest superior one being generally larger and pinnatifid. Asplenium yunanense. Franchet in Bull, Bot. Soc. France, xxxii. Yunan. (Delavay.) Seems scarcely to differ from typical fontanum. 34. ASPLENIUM VARIANS. Khasia Hills, 4,000 feet. (J/ann.) (Also in Afghanistan, 11,000 feet alt.) 34A. ASPLENIUM MOUPINENSE. (/’ranchet.) Rhizome short, scales black, linear, long-acuminate ; stipes tufted, castaneous, oe FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. slightly scaly, 1-2 inches long ; fronds 5-8 inches long, #14 inch broad at middle, thick and firm in texture, narrow lanceolate, much attenuated at the base, subbipinnate; pinnz sessile, or very shortly petioled, ovate, or trapeziform, pinnules obovate, deeply lobed, the lobes obtuse or 2-3 lobate; veins pinnate, veinlets forked ; sori oblong, straight ; indusium membranaceous, pellucid. Franchet, Pl. David. ii. Moupine, Thibet. Said to be near varzans, but larger, of firmer texture, and the segments closer. 38. ASPLENIUM BELANGERI. Munipore. (Watt, No. 7,480.) 1. ATHYRIUM SPINULOSUM. Chumba. (Dr. Kzig, No. 85.) Lamting. (Azmg, No. 8,800.) Rhizome wide-creeping. 2. ATHYRIUM ATKINSONI. Rhizome thick, short decumbent ; stipesageregated. THasily distinguished by its herbaceous texture and very deltoid shape ; it is not a very large species, the whole frond not very much exceeding a single pinna of the largest specimens of fimbriatum. It has lately been collected by Mr. Trotter ‘in the Jalori Pass, 10,000 feet alt. Kulu (labelled Phegopteris rugulosa). In the Kashang Forest, by Mr. Lace (No. 490), and by Mr. Duthie in the forest above Ramri, 8,000-9,000 feet. (No. 5,139 labelled Cystopteris setosa.) : (Mr. Clarke’s Atkinsoni, var. Andersoni, is in part Athyrium fimbriatum, and in part Leucostegia yaklaensis.) 4. ATHYRIUM DREPANOPHYLLUM. (Baker.) (falcatum Beda.) Panchmarree Hills. (Dutiie and Blanford.). Khasia Hills. (Mann.) 5. ATHYRIUM THELYPTEROIDES. Near Simla, 8,500-9,000 feet alt. 7, ATHYRIUM NIGRIPES: Fronds deltoid, no reduction of lower pinne. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 33 VAR. TENUIFRONS. (Wall. Cat. 206.) Very like the type, but fronds gradually attenuated towards the base, intermediate between the type, and C/arkez, not nearly so narrow or elongated as the latter, and not rooting at the apex ; the channelled secondary rachis, the channelled midrib of the pinnz, and sometimes the veins furnished with weak setze on the upper surface, as in the type and in Clarkei (which distinguishes this species easily from some of the varieties of filix-foemina). Referred in the Synopsis to filix-foemina, and by Mr. Clarke as a synonym of Clarkei. Considered a species by some pteridologists. VAR. STRAMINEUM. (Moore, Index Fil. p. 188.) Stipe and rachis pale yellow, pinnz distant, very narrow, scarcely 1 inch broad, not attenuated at base, texture rigid, pinnules distant. Khasia, 4,000-5,000 feet alt. (Hook. and Thomson.) Shillong, Khasia Hills, 5,coo feet alt. (G. Wann), Min Sardan, Sikkim, 12,000 feet alt. (King.) 8. ATHYRIUM SOLENOPTERIS. Kashmir, Khasia, Kohima, 6,000 feet alt. ( Watt.) Kunze’s name is solenopteris (not selen- opteris). 8A. ATHYRIUM ATRATUM. (7. sp.) Rhizome erect, furnished with numerous long, stiff, wiry roots, crown furnished with narrow, linear, glabrous, pale-coloured scales; stipes aggregate glabrous, 1-3 inches long; fronds 6-12 inches long, 2-4 inches broad, lanceolate, attenuate at both ends bipinnate, turning quite black in drying; pinnz oblong acuminate (the lower pinnules being the largest), about # inch broad ; pinnules (the lower ones distinctly stalked) dimidiate, being always more or less cut away at the base and more developed on the upper side, cut down }-4 towards the midrib into several small lobes which have 2-4 sharp, unequal serratures at the otherwise rounded apex ; veins forked or pinnate in the lobes; sori very small, about the centre of the veins ; indusium athyrioid, fugacious, Munipore. (Watt, No.6,159.) Easily recognised by its nearly 4 34 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. jet-black colour when dry, not like any other species that Iam acquainted with. 8s. AtTHYRIUM McDonetiu. (edd.) Rhizome stout, creeping ; stipes much thickened at the base, about 12 inches long, furnished with a few deciduous large lanceolate scales, and furfuraceous, as is the rachis, with tawny, curled, hair-like scales ; fronds pinnate, about 14 inches long by 8-10 inches broad at the base, ovate to deltoid-lanceolate ; pinne lanceolate, about 18-20 pairs, alternate or subopposite, 4-5 inches long by about 1} inch broad, pinnatifid nearly to the midrib, leaving only a winged . margin to the villous partial rachis; pinnules ligulate-oblong from a square base, about + inch broad, cut down about 4 into small oblong lobes ; texture herbaceous ; surfaces naked or nearly so; veins one to each lobe, forked or pinnate or rarely simple ; sori one to each lobe, not reaching the margin; involucres athyrioid or asplenioid, generally very hippocrepiform, never diplazioid. Bedd. Jour. of Bot. March, 1889, p. 73. Chumba State, 5,000 feet alt. (Md Donell.)