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HANDBOOK
—TO THE—
FLORA * OF * NATAL,
J: MEDLEY WOOD, A.LS,;
CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY
OF GREAT BRITAIN,
er OO = hOC—
DIRECTOR
0) BS A
NATAL BOTANIC GARDENS
—AND—
COLONIAL HERBARIUM.
eae
DURBAN, NATAL:
BENNETT & Davis, PRINTERS, SMITH AND GARDINER STREETS.
1907,
PREFACE.
In the year 1888 there was issued from the Colonial Herbarium>
which was then in its infancy, a small pamphlet entitled ‘An Analytica
Key to the Natural Orders and Genera of Natal Indigenous Plants ” ;
this work which it must be admitted was very defective, was, however, |
found useful, but is now quite out of date. In 1894 there was issued
from the same Institution a “Preliminary Catalogue of Indigenous
Natal Plants” which contained the names of the plants only, with an
indication of the altitudes above the sea level at which they had been
observed, but without any other information about them; the present
work is an attempt to combine the two previous attempts with such
additions and corrections as longer experience and fuller information
from outside sources has shown to be necessary. ‘he ‘“‘ Preliminary
Catalogue” included 131, (by mistake 129) Orders, 828 genera, 2216
species and 391 varieties or unnamed species. Since the publication of
that List numerous names have been added, partly by the collection
of specimens which included species not previously known to us
to be natives of Natal, but chiefly by the continuation of the Flora
Capensis, of which work, one complete Volume and six Parts of
other volumes have been issued, in all of which are enumerated species
not known to us, and some not included in our collection. The present
List includes 133 Orders, 907 genera, 3447 species and 83 varieties, or
plants not known to us to be specifically named. A number of the
names have also been obtained from foreign publications which have
come into our possession by exchange or otherwise, and it is thought
that the list is now fairly complete, but any additional names which
may come to our notice will appear in the Annual Reports of the
Director of the Botanic Gardens and Herbarium.
The Keys to Orders and genera have been completely revised, and it
is hoped that they may be found to be useful, while the Key of the large
Order Graminee is abridged from that given in the Flora Capensis by
omitting all genera and species which are not known to be indigenous
or introduced into Natal. It has been found impracticable at present
to write keys to the species; a large number of them are not in our
collection, and of many of them we have not even a description, but
any specimens sent to us will be examined and the names in most, if
not in all cases. will be supplied ; printed directions for preparing and
sending specimens will be sent on application, together with printed
direction labels which will pass them free by post or rail.
In large genera such as Indigofera, Senecio and others it would
. have been an advantage to have arranged the species in the Sections to
which they belong, but even this, for reasons given above has not been
found to be feasible. In using the Keys it must be remembered that
4
they refer to Natal plants only, and not necessarily to any not included
in this List, also that they are quite arbitrary, and in many cases have
little or no real botanical significance.
The Capital letters following the names of the species indicate
roughly the altitude at which the plants have been found, in the largest
number of cases by ourselves, in others the information has been
obtained either from collectors other than ourselves, or from the works
in which the plants have been described. but in some cases this
information has not been obtainable. It must not be supposed that
the plant is confined to the altitude given, but only, that it has been
collected in the region indicated ‘The significance of the letters is as
‘under :
A, 0 to 1000 feet alt.; B, 1000 to 2000 feet alt.; C, 2000 to 3000
feet alt.; D, 3000 to 4000 feet alt.; E, 4000 to 5500 feet alt.; F, over
5500 feet alt.
As the distribution of the Ferns is better known than that of the
flowering plants, and collectors and admirers of them are more numerous,
the localities are given with more precision, and the keys to the species
are also given, these being taken with little alteration from a small
pamphlet published by the writer in 1877, and which is now out of .
print. |
The numbers prefixed to the Orders are the numbers under which
they stand in the Genera Plantarum, the numbers wanting in our list,
are those of Orders not represented in our flora; they are as under,
alphabetically arranged :—
Alismacez Columelliacee | Hydrophyllacee Pontederiaceze
Aristolochiacee — Coriariev Juglandez Rapataceze
Balanophoreze Cupuliferez Lacistemmacee Roxburghiacez
P a |
Balanopsez Cyclanthaceze Leitneraceze Sabiaceze
Batidiz Cyrillee Lemnoacee Salvadoraceze
Berberidacewz Cytinaceze Loasez Sarraceniaceze
Bromeliaceze Datisceze Mayacew Simaru bez
é of: )
Burmanniacee = Diapensaceve Monotropee Stackhousez
Calycanthez Dilleniaceze Moringee Stylideze
y . ot
Calycereze Dipterocarpee Myoporinee Styraceze
Canelliaceve Elatinez Myristicez ‘Taccaceve
y
Caprifoliacee EKleagnaceze Nepenthaceze Tamariscinee
Casuarine Empetraceze Orobanchacee ‘Ternstromiaceze
Centrolepidee § Epacridez Pandane Tremandre
Chaillettiaceve Frankeniacew Penneacez Triuridez
Chloenaceze Gnetaceze Phylidracee Turneracez
Chloranthacezee Humariaceze Platanacez Vacciniaceze
Cistinez Hydrocharideze Polemoniacee — Vochsiaceze
The following Orders are in Natal represented by one indigenous
species only, so far as known to us at present.
Bruniaceze Connaracez Guttiferese Resedaceze
Burseraceze Cornaceze Illicineze Salicineze
Ceratophyllee Flagellariez Monimiace 'l'yphaceze
Cacteze Goodenoview Pittosporeze Zygophyllee
5 .
In conclusion I wish to offer my sincere thanks to the author and
editors of the Flora Capensis; without the assistance obtained from that
work the present attempt could hardly have been made, also to Prof.
H. H. W. Pearson, M.A., F.L.S., who so kindly looked over all our
specimens of Thymeliacew, and supplied us with the names as far as it
was possible to do so at present; to Dr. Harry Bolus, F.L.S., of Capetown
who has supplied us with the names of a number of plants which were
not in our collection, or known to us as natives of Natal, and with
other information which has been of much use to us; and also to Mr.
M. S. Evans, C.M.G., M.L.A., who has kindly allowed us the use of the
lists received from Kew of the names of the plants of his own collection,
and has contributed some of them to the Colonial Herbarium ; to the
whole of-these gentlemen I am much indebted for the assistance so
freely given.
J. MEDLEY WOOD.
CONSPECTUS.
DICOTYLEDONS OR EXOGENS.
Spiral vessels present.
Stem when perennial having pith in centre, surrounded by wood and
bark in concentric layers.
Leaves usually with branched and netted venation.
Perianth usually of 4 or 5 parts in each whorl, or multiples of those
numbers.
Embryo with two or more cotyledons.
MONOCOTYLEDONS OR ENDOGENS.
Spiral vessels present.
Stem when perennial without separable bark, wood and pith.
Leaves with parallel venation, or if netted then the veinlets are
parallel.
Perianth when present of 3 or 6 parts.
Stamens 3, or multiples of that number.
Embryo with 1 cotyledon.
ACOTYLEDONS.
Spiral vessels none, tissue scalariform or entirely cellular.
Stamens, pistil and ovules none.
Propagation effected by spores, not seeds.
Spores first producing either a prothallus, or microscopic threads.
DICOTYLEDONS.
Ovules in an ovary, seeds in a seed vessel. ANGIOSPERME®.
Ovules naked, not in an ovary, usually in axils
of bracts or scales. GVYMNOSPERME®.
ANGIOSPERME.
Sepals usually distinct from each other, inferior.
Petals usually distinct from each other, hypogynous.
Stamens hypogynous, rarely on a disk or on
base of petals.
Ovary very rarely inferior.. THALAMIFLORE®.
Sepals distinct from each other, rarely connate,
imbricate, rarely valvate or adnate to ovary.
Disk usually conspicuous, expanded or lobed.
Petals inserted at base of disk.
Stamens inserted at base of, upon, within or
between the lobes of the disk.
Ovary free, or immersed in the disk, rarely
inferior. ; DisclFLORES.
Sepals connate in a tube which is free or adnate
to the ovary.
Disk usually inconspicuous.
Petals inserted on calyx tube, free or connate in
a gamopetalous corolla.
Stamens on calyx tube or base of its lobes, or
epipetalous.
Ovary superior or inferior. CALYCIFLORES.
a eS
THALAMIFLOREX.
Stamens numerous, filaments free.
Stamens numerous, filaments connate.
Stamens not more than 12, filaments free.
Stamens not more than 12, filaments connate.
Se ea
A.
Trees, shrubs, undershrubs or climbers.
Herbaceous or aquatic plants.
1 Sepals 4-8, free. Petals none. Flowers yellow.
oe ion
IT Rayuncunscen.
1 Sepals 3, free. Petals 6in two rows. Flowers
white or cream V_ ANONACER.
1 Sepals 4-5, free. Petals 4-8 or more. Ovary
stalked. XII Capparmex.
1 Sepals 3-5, more or less united at base.
2 Shrubs with alternate, exstipulate leaves. XVII Brxiex.
2 Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves stipulate. XXXIII Tiwiacem.
3 Aquatic plants with blue, white or pink
i)
flowers. Carpels concrete. VITT Nympueacex.
3 Aquatic or terrestrial. Flowers never blue.
Carpels separate. I Ranuncunacen.
3 Terrestrial. Flowers yellow. Stigmas radiate.
Fruit capsular. X PaApAVERACE®.
3 Terrestrial. Flowers red. Style slender. :
Fruit capsular. X PAapavERACE®.
3 Shrubs or herbs. Flowers yellow. Stigmas
3, or style, 3-8-fid. Fruit capsular. XXUT Porrcracacez.
8
B.
Stamens monadelphous. Anthers 1-celled.
Stamens monadelphous. Anthers 2-celled.
Stamens polyadelphous. Anthers 2 celled
Stamens connate in an entire or 4-lobed mass,
C.
Climbing plants without tendrils.
Shrubs or trees.
Herbaceous plants.
1 Fruit a pod Stamens tetradynamous.
1 Fruit a berry. Stamens equal.
2 Calyx 5-12-parted. Flowers imperfect
2 Sepals 2, Flowers bisexual.
2 Sepals 5. Petals 5, their claws connivent.
Flowers bisexual.
5 Sepals 4, equal. Stamens tetradynamous.
3 Sepals 4-5. Stamens equal. Herbs.
3 Stamens unequal. Lower petal very large.
Herbs.
3 Stamens subequal. Petals subequal. Shrub.
D.
Stamens diadelphous. Sepals 2, minute.
Stamens monadelphous. Sepals 5, very unequal.
Stamens monadelphous. Sepals equal. Flowers
dicecious.
Stamens monadelphous, sometimes
Petals 2, minute.
Stamens free.
Shrub.
unequal.
Flowers perfect.
Sepals equal. Flowers perfect.
DISCIFLOREZ.
Ovules pendulous, raphe ventral. Disk within
the stamens or confluent with the staminal
tube, reduced to glands, or obsolete.
Ovules } endulous, raphe dorsal. Disk various
or none.
Ovules erect, raphe ventral. Disk thick and
fleshy or adnate to the calyx. Stamens
outside or upon it.
Ovules ascending, raphe ventral or reversed,
or suspended from a ventral funiculus, or
pendulous with an inferior micropyle. Disk
as in ©, but stamens within, under or
outside it.
XXXI MAtvacem.
XXXII Srercunraces.
XX VI Hyprriciwver.
XXVII Gurrirerex.
XI Cructreres.
XXIT Capparwe.
XVIL Brxive.
XXII Porrutacases.
XVIII PrrrosporEzx
XI CruciFeres.
XXIT CaryorHyLiex.
XV VIOLARIEX.
XV Vi0LARIEA.
X PAPAVERACE:.
XX PoLyGaLes.
VI MENISPERMACEA:.
XIU Resepacrz.
XV VIOLARIER.
a)
A.
Sepals and petals 3-5. Disk annular, within the stamens, or of glands
alternating with the petals. Stamens definite. Carpels free or
combined. :
Stamens free. Flowers perfect. I.
Stamens free. Flowers imperfect. 2.
Stamens connate. Flowers perfect. 3
1 Fruit of 3-10 drupes. Anthers opening by
pores at apex. Stamens many. XLI OcHnaces.
1 Fruit a drupe. Stamens 8-12. XLIL Burseracez.
1 Fruit a capsule or berry. Stamens 2-10. XXXIX Ruracez.
1 Fruit a samara. Stamens 10. XXXVI MALPIGHIACE”.
1 Fruit a thorny capsule. Stamens 10. XXXVII ZyGorHyLLem.
2 Fruit a capsule or berry. XXXIX Rutaces.
2 Fruit a drupe. _ XLIT Burseracex.
3 Filaments connate at base only. Ovary
entire. XXXIV Linex.
3 Filaments connate at base only, or polyadel-
_ phous. Ovary lobed. XXXVIIT GEraniacee.
3 Filaments connate their whole length. Anthers
sessile. XLUI Metracez.
B.
Flowers regular. Calyx small. Petals if present often valvate. Disk
cup-shaped or glandular. Stamens definite. Ovary 1-celled, with
1-3-ovules pendulous from a central placenta, or 2-or more celled
with 1-2-ovules pendulous from the top of each cell. Leaves
usually stipulate.
Disk annular or 4-5-lobed. Ovary 1-3-celled. © XLV OLactnez.
Disk none. Ovary 4-6-, rarely 7-8-celled. XLVI Inicinez.
C.
Flowers regular or irregular, small, usually perfect. Sepals and petals
4-5. Disk cushion-like, and adnate to base of calyx. Stamens
definite, on margin or base of disk. Ovary 2-or more celled, free
or immersed in the disk. Ovules 1-2, erect, rarely 3-6, on imner
angle of cells.
Stamens alternate with petals. XLVI CELastrine#.
Stamens opposite petals. Leaves simple. Style
2-4-fid. XLIX ReAMNEs.
Stamens opposite petals. Leaves simple or com-
pound. Style conical, short, subulate or none. L AMPELIDE®.
D.
Flowers regular or irregular, usually unisexual. Disk adnate to base
of calyx. Stamens definite or indefinite, inserted upon, or within
the disk. Ovary l-or more celled, ovules 1-2 in each cell. Leaves
often compound.
10
Fruit a capsule, of leathery indehiscent carpels. LI Saprypacem.
Fruit a drupe. LITT ANAcaRDIACER.
CALYCIFLOREZ.
Flowers having both calyx and corolla. Petals
usually free. POLYPETALER.
Flowers having both calyx and corolla. Petals
united. MoNOPETALE.
Perianth in one series. Flowers regular or
nearly so. MonoOCHLAMYDEX.
Perianth absent. ACHLAMYDE#:.
POLYPETALEZ.
Ovary superior. A.
Ovary inferior or half inferior. B.
A.
Fruit capsular. Leta
Fruit pod-like. 3.
Fruit a drupe, capsule or berry. 4.
1 Leaves alternate, imparipinnate. LVI Connarace2.
1 Leaves alternate, equally pinnate. LIX SaxiFracez.
1 Leaves simple.
2 Capsule 1-celled, several seeded. Flowers
imperfect or with a corona. LXXIV PassiFLorEZ.
2 Capsule 2-celled, 2-coccous. Leaves im-
bricate, heath-like. ~ LXUT Bruytacen.
2 Capsule 2-celled, didymous, cells 1-seeded.
Leaves expanded. LXIL HaMaME.ipes.
2 Capsule 2 or 4-celled, many seeded. Petals
entire, deciduous. LXIX Lyrarariem.
2 Capsule 3-4 celled, cells l-seeded. Petals
multifid. LXV RurzopHore®.
2 Capsule 5-celled, cells l-or many seeded. LXXIX Ficomem.
5 Fruit a legume, Style 1. LVI Lecuminosz.
3 Fruit follicular. Styles as many as carpels. LX CrassuLacem.
4 Fruit of 2 hemispherical carpels, united by
their flat sides. LXXIX Ficowes. 2
4 Fruit of many small drupes, or of one or
more achenes. (84 LVIII Rosacea.
Marsh or aquatic plants. Trees or stemless herbs. 1. i
Trees, shrubs or climbers of dry ground, or .
shrubby parasites. e
1 Fruit perforated by germinating embryo.
Trees. LXV RuizopHoren.
1 Fruit nut-like or fleshy. Herbs. LXIV Hatoracen.
1 Fruit fleshy or corky, 4-angled. ‘Trees. -LXVIL Myrtacez. sate
2 Fruit capsular or dry. Ry Meee
2 Fruit a drupe or berry. meet oa
ce
ite eck eae
il
2 Fruit fleshy, corky or gourd-like.
3 Capsule enclosed in calyx. Stamens unequal.
Undershrub or herbs.
3 Capsule half enclosed in calyx.
equal. Shrubs or trees.
3 Capsule not enclosed in calyx.
3 Capsule splitting from apex to base.
3 Capsule 3-winged, many seeded.
3 Capsule with star-like opening at apex.
3 Fruit of 2 dry separable carpels. Flowers
umbellate.
4 Parasitical shrubby plants.
4 Leafless succulent herbs.
4 Climbers or prostrate herbs.
4 Trees or shrubs.
5 Fruit fleshy or corky, 4-angled, 1-celled.
_o Fruit a gourd, or berry.
® Fruit fleshy or nearly dry, 2-many celled.
6 Stamens numerous, on margin of calyx
tube.
6 Stamens definite, not more than 12.
7 ‘Trees with simple leaves. Fruit a 2-4-celled
nut.
7 ‘Trees or shrubs with simple leaves.
drupe.
7 ‘Trees with simple leaves.
ribbed drupe.
7 Trees with palmate leaves. Fruit a berry.
MONOPETALEZ.
OVARY INFERIOR.
Flowers in heads surrounded by an involucre.
Flowers separate, without involucre.
Stamens
Fruit a
Fruit a winged or
A.
Stamens free from each other.
Stamens united by their anthers.
B.
Stamens on corolla alternate with its lobes.
Stamens on corolla,opposite to its lobes. Trees
_ or shrubs.
Stamens 3, on a 5-lobed corolla. Calyx limb
plumose in fruit.
Stamens epigynous. Fruit a capsule.
inferior or half inferior.
Stamens epigynous. Fruit a drupe. Style
indusiate. |
Ovary
5.
LXVIIL Metastomacez.
LXXI Samypacesz.
LXX ONAGRARIER.
LIX SaxirraGe®.
LXXVI BEGoNIACER.
LXXIX Ficowra,
LXXX UMBELLIFERER.
CXLVILL LoranrHacea
LXXVII Cactez.
LXXV CucursiTaces.
LXVII Myrtaces.
LXXV CucurBITACER.
LXXXI ARALIACEA.
LX VIE Myrraces.
LXXXII Cornacez.
LX VIL Menastomace®
LXVI Compretacea,
LXXXI ARALIACES.
A.
B
LXXXVI Dipsacaa.
LXXX VIII Composit.
LXXXIV RUBIACER.
C Myrsing”.
LXXXV Vateriane#.
XCI CaMPANULACEZ.
XC GooDENOVEA.
42
OVARY SUPERIOR.
Corolla regular.
Corolla irregular.
vo
C.
COROLLA REGULAR.
Flowers dicecious, moncecious, or polygamous.
Flowers perfect.
1 Fruit a 1-3-celled berry. CII Eprenacez.
1 Fruit a drupe or many seeded berry. C Myrsinea&.
2 Stamens 5, monadelphous. Pollen in masses .
(pollinia). CVI AscLePIADACEA.
2 Stamens 2, on corolla tube. OIV OLeacea.
2 Stamens opposite corolla lobes. Se
2 Stamens alternate with corolla lobes. 4.
3 Herbs with capsular fruit. XCIX Primunacez.
3 Trees. Fruit a drupe or berry. CI Saporaces.
3 Shrubs, erect or climbing, or herbs. Fruit
a utricle. XCVIIL PLumpacinez.
4 Leaves alternate.
4 Leaves opposite or whorled. 6.
4 Leaves radical. CXXVII PLanraGines.
5 Stamens didynamous. 7
5 Stamens equal or nearly so. 8.
7 Herbs or undershrubs. Anthers 1-celled. CXXIV SrELaGinez.
7 Herbs, undershrubs or trees. Anthers
2-celled. CXXV VERBENACEA.
8 Shrubs or herbs. Ovary 1-2-celled, many
seeded. CXIV Sonanacea.
8 Shrubs or herbs. Ovary 2-4-celled. Ovules _ ee
solitary. CXII BoraGinea. tia
6 Trees or undershrubs. 9. A
6 Herbs. LONE Ee
9 Leaves stipulate. Calyx 4-6-fid. Stamens
4.6. CVIII Locaniacesz. +
9 Leaves exstipulate. | 11. gs
11 Corolla 5-lobed. Mstivation valvate or con-
torted. Juice milky. CVI Apocynaces.
11 Corolla 5-fid. Adstivation plaited. Juice
watery. CXIV Sonanacez. a
11 Corolla irregular or subregular. Fruit a a
drupe with 2-6 pyrenes, or dry, and of ,
2-4 separable nuts. CXXV Vrrpenace®. Pict
11 Corolla regular, 4-lobed. Stamens 8. Leaves ee
linear. XCII Ericacea. Baia
10 Ovary 1-2-celled, many seeded. CLIX GENTIANED. RM
10 Ovary 2-4-celled. Cells 1-2-ovuled. CXXV VERBENACEA, «=
lee
5% j
we,
bh - ™
oN yee
13
D.
COROLLA IRREGULAR.
Leaves alternate. L
Leaves opposite. 2.
Leaves radical. 3
1 Fruit many seeded. CXV ScropHULARIACE.
1 Fruit 1-4-seeded. CXII Boracine®.
1 Fruit 2-horned, many seeded. CXXI PrEpALinez.
2 Fruit many seeded. 4.
2 Fruit not more than 8-seeded. 5:
? Fruit not more than 4-seeded. Style issuing
from base of ovarian lobes. CXXVI Lasira.
4 Leaves simple. Capsule not horned. CXV ScropHuLariack2&.
4 Leaves polymorphous. Capsule 2-horned. CXXI PEDALINEs.
4 Leaves compound. Seeds winged. CXX BIGNoNIACEs.
5 Fruit capsular. Seeds subtended by processes
of the placenta. CXXIT AcanTHacea.
5 Fruit capsular or drupaceous. Seeds erect. © CXXV VEeRBENACEA.
3 Stamens 5; anthers 2-celled. Capsule
spirally twisted. CXIX GESNERACES.
3 Stamens 2; anthers l-celled. Capsule not
twisted. CXVIL LentrpuLarine®.
3 Stamens 4; anthers 2-celled. Capsule
circumscissile, CXXVIT PLantacines.
MONOCHLAMYDEA.
Flowers perfect (i.e. having stamens and pistil). A.
Flowers imperfect or polygamous. B.
A. FLOWERS PERFECT.
Leafless, parasitical or aquatic plants. ie
Trees. . rp
Shrubs and undershrubs. a
Herbs. 4,
1 Perianth bag-like. Stamens 1-2. Leaves
minute. CXXXI CHENOPODIACES.
1 Perianth spathe-like or membranous or 0.
Stamens 1-2 Aquatic. CXXXV PopostEMMACES.
1 Cord-like, leafless parasites, attached by
disks. CXLIIT Lavrinez.
1 Leafy or leafless shrubby parasites, . CXLVIII Loranruace®.
2 Fertile stamens 9. CXLITI Lavrinea.
2 Fertile stamens 3-4. CXLIV Proteacea.
2 Fertile stamens many. CXLIT Monmtacea.
3 Fruit of aggregated drupes. Stamens 5-30. CXXXII Puyto.accez.
3 Fruit nut-like. Stamens 4-8-10. Ovary free. CXLV ‘TRYMELIACE?.
3 Fruit nut-like. Stamens 4-5. Ovary
inferior, CXLIX Sanratacez,
14
3 Fruit capsular. Flowers dicecious. : CLX Saricinea.
4 Leaves stipylate. | Ey;
4 Leaves exstipulate. 6.
5 Stipules sheathing ; nodes swollen. CXXXIV PoLyGonaces.
5 Stipules scarious. [lowers minute. CXXIX ILLEcEBRACE”
6 Perianth membranous, dry, persistent. CXXX AMARANTACES.
6 Perianth herbaceous. ce
7 Stamens 5-30. Fruit of many aggregated
drupes. CXX XII Puyto.accez.
7 Stamens 1-4, connate in a ring at base. CXXVIII Nycracineas.
7 Stamens 5, on base of perianth. Ovary
inferior. CXLIX Sanraaces.
B. FLOWERS IMPERFECT OR POLYGAMOUS.
Leaves stipulate. ee
Leaves exstipulate. Bs
Leaves verticillate. CLXIII CrratoPpHYLLe®.
1 Capsule 2-5-celled, few seeded, or drupe
1 seeded. CLI Evrnorsiack&.
1 Fruit a berry, nut, achene or samara. CLOUT Urricacez.
2 Fruit of aggregated drupes Undershrubs. CX XXII Payronaccea.
2 Fruit a succulent berry. Parasitical shrubs. CXLVIII LorantHace®.
2 Fruit a berry seated in base of perianth.
Trees. CXLUI Lavurrmez
2 Fruit enclosed in herbaceous perianth. Herbs
er undershrubs. CX X XI CHENOPODIACEZ.
ACHLAMYDEZ. :
Perianth O, the stamens and pistils being usually placed in the axils
of the bracts of cones or catkins. Flowers almost always minute
and unisexual,
Aquatic plants attached to stones in streams. CXXXV PoposTeMMACE®.
Terrestrial plants.
Shrubs Fruit a bivalved many _ seeded
capsule. CLX Saticrnex.
Shrubs. Fruit dry indehiscent, covered with .
waxy scales. CLVII Myricacesz. 4
More or less succulent plants with jointed
stems. CXX XIX Prperacsaz.
GYMNOSPERMEZ.
Ovules naked, not enclosed in an ovary, usually placed in the axils of © ies
the bracts or scales of a cone.
Flowers in catkins. Trees. CLXV Conirrrea. : fol
Flowers in cones. Palm or Fern-like plants, CLXVI Cycapacga.
15
MONOCOTYLEDONS.
Flowers with a usually distinct and coloured
perianth of one or two whorls. PETALOIDER.
Flowers minute, in the axils of chaff-like scales
or bracts, which are usually arranged in
spikes, spikelets or catkins. Perianth
O or very imperfect. GLUMACER.
PETALOIDE.
Ovary inferior. A. EPIGYNE.
Ovary superior. B. Hypocynr,
A. EPIGYNE.
Stamens united in a central column. CLXIX Orcnwe2.
Stamens 3, anthers extrorse. CLXXITTI Irinez.
Stamens 3, anthers introrse. CLXXVI Dioscoripez.
Stamens 1 or 5, anthers introrse. CLXX ScrramMinez.
Stamens 6, anthers introrse.
Climbers. CLXX VI Dioscormpes.
Herbs, not climbing. CLXXIV AMARYLLIDER.
B. HYPOGYNE.
Flowers perfect. Ly
Flowers imperfect. a:
1 Flowers spicate. os
1. Flowers not spicate. 4.
3 Spikes cone-like. Flowers yellow. CLXXXI XyripEs,
3 Spikes elongate. Flowers green or white. CXCV Natapaceg.
4 Leaves sheathing, ending in a tendril. 5.
4 Leaves not sheathing nor tendril bearing. 6.
5 Climbing shrubs. CLXXXV FLAGELLARIER.
5 Climbing herbs with orange coloured flowers. CLX XVII Littaces.
6 Nodes swollen. CLXX XIII ComMetmacez.
6 Nodes not swollen. Flowers glumaceous. CLX XXVI Juncacez.
6 Nodes not swollen. Flowers herbaceous. CLX XVIII Liiacea.
6 Stemless herbs with thick creeping
rhizomes. CLXXIT Hamoporace#.
2 Flowers on a spadix with a spathe. (f
2 Flowers not spathaceous
7 Leaves pinnate or fan-shaped. CLXXXVIT Patua.
7 Leaves linear. CXC TYpHAcea.
7 Leaves ovate, sagittate or pedate. CXCI AroweEz.
5 Plant climbing. CLXXVIIT Lintacez.
8 Plant erect Flowers monoecious. I.eaves
rosulate CXCVI Eriocavtez.
8 Plant erect. Flowers dioecious, Leaves
sheathing. | CXCVIII Restiacea.
16
GLUMACEA
Leaves with entire, or very rarely _ split
sheaths. Anthers basifixed CXVCIX Cyprrrace.
Leaves with split sheaths. Anthers versatile. CC Graminea.
ACOTYLEDONS.
Capsules all of one kind. Spores producing
a prothallus on which antheridia and
archegonia are developed
Capsules of two kinds, one containing macro-
spores which produce a prothallus which
bears archegonia, and the other micro-
spores which produce antheridia.
A,
Capsules in clusters on the back or edge of
leafy fronds, rarely forming spikes or
or panicles. Elaters O. FInices.
Capsules placed on the underside of stalked,
peltate scales, which form a cone at the
end of a jointed leafless stem or branch.
Elaters present. EQUISETACE®,
Capsules solitary in the axils of small
closely placed 1-nerved leaves or bracts.
Elaters O. LycopopIiAacE,
DB:
Capsules of both kinds solitary in the axils
of small, closely placed I-nerved leaves
or bracts, those with large spores having
several in each capsule. SELAGINELLACE2.
Spores of two kinds, the sporangia of the
large spores having one spore only in
each capsule. RHIZOCARPER.
— SeX9e-—
17
DICOTYLEDONS..
ORDER I. RANUNCULACE.
Most of the members of this Order possess acrid properties, and
some are poisonous, but these properties are driven off by heat; some
of the Knowltonias are vesicant, as are also some of the Anemones.
Number of species about 1200.
(Ex. Crematis, Burrercup.)
Climbing slender shrubs with opposite leaves. CLEMATIS.
Herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate or radical. 1.
1 Sepals coloured, no true petals. a
1 Sepals green. Petals present. 3.
2 Sepals 4-5. Carpels few, without tails. ‘THALICTRUM.
2 Sepals many. Carpels many, tailed. ANEMONE.
3 Petals with simple claws. Carpels fleshy. KKNOWLTONIA.
3 Petals with scale or pit on the claw. Carpelsdry. Ranuncutus.
List or Sprcigs.
1 Olematis, Linn. 4 Knowltonia, Salzsb.
brachiata, T'hb. B-C. brevistylis, Syzsz. B.
glaucescens, F'resen. C. vesicatoria, Sims. B.
incisodentata, A. Rich. C.
Oweniz, Harv. B-Z. 5 Ranunculus, Linn.
Baurii, MacOwan.
2 Thalictrum, Linn, Gosnart parriese ee
rhynchocarpum, D. § R. ~— C-D. Meyeri, Harv. E.
pinnatus, Por. A-F.
3 Anemone, Linn.
caffra, H. § Z. B.
Fanninie, Harv. B-E.
ORDER V. ANONACEA.
Tropical shrubs, sometimes climbing, the bark and leaves of some
of the foreign species have been used medicinally, but the Order is
best known from its including the Custard apple, sweet and Sour
Sops and Cherimoyer. One of our species, Anona senegalensis, known
to the natives as “i-Rabuja”’ bears an eatable fruit. Number of
species about 400.
Carpels confluent in a many seeded fruit. ANONA.
Carpels separate, on short pedicels. lf
1 Petals imbricate. Ovules many. Uvaria.
1 Petals valvate. Ovules 1-2, erect. Popowla.
is i metee yn nae «) Pedumeles
recurved. _ ARTABOTRYS,
18
List or SpeciEs.
1 Uvaria, Linn. 3 Popowia, Hdl.
caffra, H. M. AB. caffra, H. & S. AB.
2 Artabotrys, R. Br. 4 Anona, Linn.
Monteiroize, Oliv. A. senegalensis, Pers. 5.
ORDER VI. MENISPERMACEZS.
This order includes many species which are used in medicine,
such as the ‘“‘Calumba” root, (Cocculus palmata), Pariera Brava,
(Cissampelus Pariera), but it is doubtful whether our plant is the true
CO. Pariera, all of our species are climbers. Number of species 80 to
100, though more than these have been described by authors.
(Ex. Umrapaayn).
Pistillate flowers with 3-5 petals and sepals. STEPHANIA.
Pistillate Howers with 1 petal and 1 stamen. CisSAMPELOS.
List OF SPECIES.
1 Stephania, Lowr. natalensis, Szysz. b.
hernandzefolia, Walp. A-C. Pariera, Linn. AB.
torulosa, #.M. AB.
2 Cissampelos, Linn.
Burchelliana, Miers. B.
ORDER VII. NYMPHEACE/”s.
All aquatic plants with floating leaves ; the rootstocks of some of
the species are used in some countries medicinally, and those of our
only indigenous species are occasionally eaten by the natives. Number
of species about 39.
(Ex. Water Liry.)
Nymphea, Linn.
capensis, 7’hb. A.
stellata, Willd. A-D.
ORDER X. PAPAVERACEA,
Herbs or very rarely shrubs. The most important member of the
family is Papaver somniferum, which yields the opium of commerce.
The seeds of some other species of the Order are said to have narcoti¢
properties. Number of species about 160. 7
19
(Ex. Poppy.)
Stigmas 4-20. Juice milky. ‘“ Wild Poppy.” PApAvVER.
Stigmas 4-6. Juice yellow (introduced). ARGEMONE.
Style filiform. Stamens diadelphous, 3-5. Fruit subglobose. FuMmarta.
Style filiform. Stamens diadelphous, 3-3. Fruit — elongate,
- pod-like. CoryYDALIs.
List oF SPECIES.
1 Papaver, Linn. 3 Fumaria, Linn.
horridum, D.C. A-E officinalis, Linn.
2 Argemone, Linn. 4 Oordyalis, D.C.
mexicana, Linn. — A. pruinosa, #.M. C.
ORDER XI. CRUCIFERE.
A large Order distributed all over the world, many members of
which are used as food. It is only necessary to mention the Cabbage
in its different forms, Turnip, Radish, Mustard, Cress, Water Cress,
Rape, ete., some of the species have been used medicinally, but none
are of much value. Number of enumerated species about 2200, which,
according to the Genera Plantarum, may probably be reduced to 1200,
A. Siliquosce. Pod several times as long as broad.
Pod with flat valves.
Pod with convex, round backed valves. 2
Seeds with flat accumbent cotyledons :—
1 Seeds in one row. Pod elastically opening CARDAMINE.
1 Seeds in one row. Pod not elastically opening. ARABIS.
Seeds with linear elongate, twice folded cotyledons :—
1 Calyx equal at base. HELIOPHILA.
2 Seeds with flat aceumbent colyledons. NASTURTIUM.
2 Seeds with flat incumbent cotyledons SISYMBRIUM.
2 Seeds with broad cotyledons folded over the
radicle. Brassica.
B. Siliculosee. Pod short few seeded, not thrice as long as broad.
Pod dehiscent. 3.
Pod indehiscent. SENEBIERA.
3 Pod with flattish valves and a broad septum. HELIOPHILA.
3 Pod with keeled or boat-shaped valves and a narrow
septum. LEPIDIUM.
List of Sprcigs.
1 Nasturtium, Br. 4 Sisymbrium, Linn.
fluviatile, H M. C. capense, Thb. VJ
officinalis, R.Br. A-E. ,, var latifolium A.
2 Arabis, Linn. 5 Heliophila, Linn.
perfoliata, Lam. 13. linearis, D.C. A.
rigidiuscula, Sond. A.
8 Oardamine, Linn. scandens, Harv. . A
africana, Linn. C. virgata, Burch. AB,
6 Brassica, Linn. 8 Lepidium, Linn.
strigosa, D.U. A. capense, T'hb. A.
7 Senebiera, Pozr.
didyma, Pers. A.
ORDER XII. CAPPARIDE AL.
This Order is best known from its including Capparis spinosa,
from whose flower buds the Capers of commerce are prepared. The
fruits and bark of some other species of the family have been used
medicinally in the countries where they are indigenous, and none of
them possess any poisonous properties. Number of species about 300
(Ex. Carer; WILDBOSCHOUT.)
‘ruit a dry dehiscent pod-like capsule }
Fruit a fleshy indehiscent berry 2
1 Torus small, inconspicuous. CLEOME.
2 Calyx tube persistent. Limb deciduous, torus long.
Berry ovoid. NI#BUHRIA.-
2 Calyx tube persistent. Limb deciduous, torus long.
Berry elongate. Maerua.
2 Calyx tube absent, sepals deciduous. 3
3 Torus long, slender. Stamens 6. CADABA.
3 Torus hemispherical. Stamens 8 or more. Petals 4. Cappanis.
3 Torus short, glandular. Stamens 12-20. Petals 0. Boscia.
List oF SPECIES.
1 Oleome, Linn. | 4 Cadaba, Forsk.
monophylla, Linn B. natalensis, Sond. AAS
rubella, Burch. C. 5 Oajparia, meee
2 Niebuhria, D.C. citrifolia, Lam. A.
rosmarinoides, Sond. A. corymbifera, H.M. A.
triphylla, Wendl. AB. Gueinzii, Sond. A.
Woodii, Olev. B. Zeyheri, Turcz. A
Pungig dieue sp. (J. M. Wood, 4438) C
angolensis. ? 6 Boscia, Lamk.
nervosa, Oliv. A. caffra, Sond. A.
ORDER XIII. RESEDACEA.
Two plants only of this small family have any practical or com-
‘mercial value. They are Reseda lutea, which yields a yellow dye, and
R. odorata, the common Mignionette. The roots of some of the species
are acrid. One species only has, so far, been found in Natal. Number
of species about 60, which number, according to the Genera Plantarum,
might be considerably reduced. 1 a
A decumbent plant with linear leaves. OLIGOMERIS.
1 Oligomeris, Uambess. a ig
Dregeana, Pres!. F ; FER
21
ORDER XV. VIOLARIEZ.
An Order the best known species of which is probably Viola
odorata, the common “ Violet.” The roots and leaves of some species
of Viola have been used medicinally. ‘The roots of some Alsodeias are
emetic, and in America have been used as substitutes for Ipecacuhuana,
and the root of an American species of Ionidium has been employed as
a remedy for tubercular elephantiasis. Number of species about 240,
(Ex. VIoLeT.)
Petals 5, very unequal, lower largest. TontpiuM.
Petals sub-equal, Filaments connate. A shrub. ALSODEIAs
List or Sprcigs.
1 Ionidium, Vent. 2 Alsodeia, Thouars.
caffrum, Sond. A. sp (J. M. Wood, 1001) B-D.
capense, R. § S. AB.
natalense, Harv. B.
thymifolium, Presi. Z.
ORDER XVII. BIXINEZE.
Bixa orellana which yields Arnotto is, perhaps, the most prominent
member of this Order. Amongst our species Dovyalis rhamnoides and
Aberia caffra bear eatable fruits. All are trees or shrubs, but their
wood is of little value. Xylosma, which formerly belonged to this
Order, has been removed to Monimiaceew, and its name altered to
Xymalos. Number of species about 150.
(Ex. Ker Appte: UMNanamt.)
Flowers bisexual or polygamous. Style columnar or short 1
Flowers unisexual, dicecious. Anthers opening at apex.
Petals 5. KIGGELARIA
Flowers unisexual, dicecious. Anthers slitting. Petals none. ne
1 Sepals deciduous. Petals 10-12, larger than ‘sepals. Ovncona.
1 Sepals persistent. Petals 4-5, small, deciduous. Rawsonia.
1 Calyx deeply 10-12 fid in 2 rows. Petals none. SCOLOPIA.
2 Calyx 6-10 fid in adouble row. Fruit a capsule. TRIMERIS.
2 Calyx 5-7 fid in a single row. Styles3. Fruit a berry. Dovyatis.
2 Calyx 5-7 fid inasingle row. Styles 6. Fruit a berry. Apert.
List oF SPECIES.
1 Oncoba, Forsk. 4 Dovyalis, #.M.
Kraussiana, Planch. AB. rhamnoides, Burch § Harv. A.
spinosa, Forsk. A. rotundifolia, Thb. A,
tettensis, Hk. f. B. 5 Aberia, Hochst.
2 Rawsonia, H. & S. caffra, Hk § Harv. ?
lucida, Harv. AB. longispina, Harv. A.
6 Trimeria, Harv.
eigen ah 4. almifolia, Planch. AB.
_Gerrardi, Harv. <<. B. 7 Kiggelaria, Linn.
Mundtii, Arn. ? africana, Linn. BE.
Zeyheri, Harv, E. — Dregeana, T'urcz. E,
22
ORDER XVITIL PITTOSPOREA.
No plants of this Order have any practical value, except that many
of them are cultivated for ornament. Our only species isa tree known
to the natives as um-Fusamvu, and, like many other species of the
genus, has its seeds immersed in a viscid pulp or resin.
Trees or shrubs, seeds lying in viscid resin. PrirrosporUn.
(Ex. UmMrusaMvu.)
1 Pittosporum, Banks.
viridiflorum, Sims. A-F.
ORDER XX. POLYGALEA.
Many plants of this Order contain a bitter principle, and some
have been used medicinally. Other species. in addition to our Polygala
serpentaria, have been used as antidote for bites of snakes, but their
efficacy is very doubtful. Several species are in cultivation as
ornamental plants. Number of species about 400.
Sepals very unequal, the two lateral ones wing-like POLYGALA.
Sepals subequal Murari.
List or SPrEcrEs.
1 Polygala, Linn. ophiura, Chod. ?
affinis, D.C. oppositifolia, Linn. A,
capillaris, #.M. A. persicarizefolia, D.C. A-B.
chloroptera, Chod. A. producta, N.E.B, C
confusa, Macowan. A-®, rigens, D.C. B.
durbanensis, Cho7. A. serpentaria, H. § Z. B-C.
Galpini, Hook. tenuifolia, Link. AcTy
yerrardi, Chod. ukambica, Chod. ?
hottentotta, Pres!. A-E. virgata. T'hb. A-E
lysimachefolia, Chod.
myrtifolia, Linn. A, 2 Muraltia, Necker.
natalensis, Chod. ecornuta, N.#.P. E.
neglecta, Macowan. lancifolia, Harv. BC.
Ohlendorfiana, FP’. § Z. A-D. pilosa, D.C. B.
n. sp. (Hvans 666). | ?
ORDER XXII. CARYOPHYLLEA.
An order containing but few useful plants, though some species
of Dianthus, known popularly as ‘‘ Carnation, Sweet William, Indian
Pink,” &c., are favourite garden plants. Number of species more
than 800.
(Ex. Carckwerep ; Pixk.)
Calyx tubular, 4-5 toothed. Petals clawed. I
Sepals 4-5, separate to base or nearly so. Petals not clawed 2
1 Calyx bracteate at base. ; DIANTaUs.
1 Calyx nude at base. SILENE.
2 Stipules none. Petals 2-fid. Styles 4-5. CERASTTIUM.
2 Stipules none, Petals 2-fid. Styles 3. STELLARIA,
wes
23
2 Stipules present. Stamens.5, or fewer 3
2 Stipules present. Stamens 5 to 10. Petals ovate, entire,
shortly clawed. SPERGULA.
3 Petals 2-4 fid. DryMaria.
3 Petals entire, or 2-dentate. Sepals not keeled. POLYOARPRA.
3 Petals entire or emarginate. Sepals sharply keeled. Potycarpon.
List or Spectres.
1 Dianthus, Linn. 4 Stellaria, Linn.
prostratus, Jacq. AB. media, Villars. A.
scaber, Thb. ?
5 Spergula, Linn.
2 Silene, Linn. arvensis, L. B.
Burchellii, Ott. B.
¥ var. latifolia, Sond. B. 6 Drymaria, Willd.
Capensis, Ott. D. cordata, Willd. B.
gallica, Linn. A.
Thunbergiana, H. § Z. B. 7 Polycarpea, Lin.
corymbosa, Lam. A.
3 Cerastium, Linn.
Dregeanum, Fenzl. B. 8 Polycarpon, Linn.
tetraphyllum, L. BD.
ORDER XXII. PORTULACEA.
A small Order containing but few useful plants. The common
‘Purslane”’ is well known, and has become an almost cosmopolitan
weed The South African Portulacaria afra has been recommended
as food for herbivorous animals, and plants of it have been exported
from Cape Colony to several places for trial. It is known as “ Spek-
boom.’ Number of species about 128.
(Ex. PurstanE; SPEKBOOM.)
Capsules half inferior, many seeded, opening transversly. PorruLaca.
Capsules 3 valved, splitting longitudinally. Seeds
wingless. TALINUM.
qapsules 3 winged, indehiscent 1 seeded. PoRTULACARIA.
List or SpEciEs.
1 Portulaca, Linn. 2 Portulacaria, Jacq.
oleracea, Linn, AB. afra, Jacq. AB.
pilosa, Linn. ?
quadrifida, L. Z. 3 Talinum, Adans.
caffrum, H. & Z. AB.
ORDER XXVI. HYPERICINEA.
Herbaceous or half shrubby plants, natives of temperate climates.
Their leaves, petals, and sepals have usually a number of dark-
coloured glands, which contain a bitter, resinous juice, and some of
the species have been used medicinally. Hypericum is our only genus,
Number of species about 210. | |
24
Herbs or shrubs with yellow flowers, which are black dotted. Hypericum.
(Ex InsvxKvsil.)
1 Hypericum, Linn.
zthiopicum. AD. lanceolatum, Lam. B.
Lalandii, Chovsy. AB. natalensis, Wood & Evans. Bs
ORDER XXVII. GUTTIFERE.
A tropical or sub-tropical Order. The two best-known plants
belonging toit are probably Garcinia mangostana, which bears a
delicious fruit, the ‘“‘ Mangosteen,” and G. morella, which yields the ©
“Gamboge” of commerce. An acrid yellowish or greenish juice
which flows from the stem and branches is collected, and when
inspissated forms the “‘Gamboge.” Several other species yield the
pigment, but of inferior quality. Our species is peculiar to South
Africa, and is of no special value. Number of species about 230.
(Ex. MANGOSTEEN.)
1 Garcinia, Linn.
Gerrardi, Harv. | B.
ORDER XXXI. MALVACEAK.
A large Order, including many well-known plants, such as
“Gossypium spp,” yielding Cotton, Adansonia digitata, the ‘‘ Baobab,”
and many others. Most of the species abound in mucilage, and are
sometimes employed in making refreshing drinks, thickening soups,
&c. ONN P
ne
>
No
Oe
ob
D>
Q
Oo
ew
be
wR OPO brh....
Ap
A
C.
Tephrosia, Continued.
discolor, #.M. A’
elongata, 4.M. B:
glomeruliflora, Mezsn. pas
grandiflora, Pers. CZ:
Kraussiana, Meisn. a1’
longipes. Mezsn. B:
macropoda, #.M. A-B Z:
oblongifolia, #.M. B-C:
pallens, Pers. ?
plicata, Oliv. ?
polystachya, #.M. AB.
17 Mundulea, D.C.
suberosa, Bth. 4
18 Millettia, W. & A.
caffra, Meisn. AB.
Sutherlandi, Harv. A-Z.
19 Sesbania, Persoon.
aculeata, Pers. AB.
punctata, D.C. Ps
2%) Sutherlandia, R.Br.
frutescens. Rh. Br. BC.
21 Lessertia, D.C.
perennans, D.C. AB.
tenuitolia, H.M. Z.
sp. (Wood 1824). C.
sp. (Cooper 2218). B-C,
2? Astragalus, Linn.
Burkeanus, bth. C,
23, Eschynomene, Linn.
erubescens, #.M. ?
micrantha, D.C. AB.
uniflora, #.M. AB.
24 Smithia, Azt.
sensitiva, Ait. BC.
25 Arachis, Linn.
hypogeea, Linn. Cur.
| 42
26 Stylosanthes, Z.
mucronata, Willd. Z.
27 Zornia, Gmelin.
tetraphylla, Miche. AB.
28 Desmodium, DVesv.
Dregeanum, Brh. AB.
gangeticum, D.C. ms
hirtum, Guill. & Per. .: AB,
incanum, DC. A.
paleaceum, Guill. & Per. A.
scalpe, D.C. A-C,
29 Pseudarthria, W. § A.
Hookeri, W. & A. A-C,
30 Alysicarpus, Necker.
rugosus, D.C. AB.
31 Vicia, Linn.
sativa, Linn. yk:
. 82 Abrus, Linn.
precatorius, Lenn. a
pulchellus, Wall. BC.
33 Dumasia, D.(.
- villosa, D.C. C.,
34 Glycine, Linn.
javanica, Lenn. Bs
35 Teramnus, Swariz.
labialis, Spreng. A.
386 Erythrina, Linn.
caffra, Thb. A-D.
Humiana, Spreng. BC.
tomentosa, Buch-Ham. ‘BC.
Zeyheri, Harv. D.
387 Canavalia, Adams,
bonariensis, dl. A.
ensiformis, D.C. BC.
obtusifolia, DC. A.
43
38 Phaseolus, L. 43 Eriosema, D.(.
Schlechter, Harms.
o
cajanoides, Bth.
cordatum, #.M,
39 Vigna, Savi. | distinctum, N.L£.B.
angustifolia, Sond. BLE. Kraussianum, Mezsn,
Burchellii, Harv. Zi. longipes, NEB.
glabra, Savi. A. parvifolium, #.M,
marginata, Bth. AB. salignum, #.M.
retusa, Walp. 9 squarrosim, Walp, Ses
tenuis, D. Dietr. A. n. sp. (Gov, Herd, 762),
triloba, Walp. ZL. Lab
vexillata, Bth. BCD. 44 Plemingia, Roxb,
congesta, Roxb,
40 Voandzeia, Thouars. 45 Dalbergia, Linn,
subterranea, Thouars. B. armata, #M,
obovata, #.M,
41 Dolichos, Linn.
is a 46 Baphia, Afzel.
altigenus, Sehitr. 5 hes | he
angustifolius, #. jv 2. D. PRORERGH ED OT
_biflorus, L B. 47 Calpurnia, #.M,
gibbosus, Thb. D. opt ae a
Lablab, Linn. AB. jatias fi 7 WV
sericeus, 4. M. B. ab snk rs et
sp. (J. M. Wood 778). A. BO tir can tee
sylvatica, HM.
villosa, Hare,
42 Rhynchosia, Lowr. Woodii, Schinz,
adenodes, B. 5 2- A-C. 48 Sophora, Linn.
bracteata, Brh. ?
caribaea, D.C. D. nitens, Beh.
cyanosperma, Bth., A. 19 Hoff:
gibba, 2M. AF. oumanseggia, Cay,
erandifolia, Harv. 9 Burchell, Bih. & Hk.
hirsuta, H. & Z. Sandersoni, (Harv.) Wood,
memnonia, D,C. i:
minima, D,C. A. 50 Cassia, Linn,
orthodanum, Bth, A-E. —_ comosa, Vog,
ovata, W. & HE, hh. delagoensis, Harv,
pilosa, Harv, A. mimosoides, L,.
quadrata, Harv, A, obovata, Collad.
reptabunda, N.Z.B. F. occidentalis, Linn,
sigmoides, Bth, B, tomentosa, Linn,
Totta, D.C. ACB:
Woodii, Schinz, B-F 51 Bauhinia, Linn.
sp. ( Wood 692), A-B natalensis, Oliv,
sp, (Wood 3532), E-F, Sandersoni, ?
sp. (Wood 4538), D, tomentosa, Linn.
oo
papa
iS
ae
“~~
Bee
| 44
52 Schotia, Jacq. 56 Acacia, Willd.
brachypetala, Sond, AB. arabica, W2lld var. Kraussiana. A.
latifolia, Jacq, v9 caffra, Willd. B.
Gerrardi, Bth. A.
53 Entada, Ad : ’ horrida, W7lld. D.
PC ee Gy) Ys hirtella, Walld. dD.
natalensis, Bth, AB. cf, hebeclada, D.C. D.
scandens, Bth. c Kraussiana, Mezsn. A.
natalitia, #.M, ?
54 Elephantorrhiza, Brh. pennata, Wild. D.
Burchellii, Bth. A-E, — 8pinosa, #.M. ?
pale 57 Albizzia, Durazzini.
55 Dichrostachys, DC. {aacinias ieee ‘as
nutans, Bth. A. Welwitschii, Oliv. Ki
ORDER LVIT, ROSACEA.
The name of this Order will be sufficient to indicate one of its
most prominent members, the rose, but in addition to this it most
probably includes more fruit-bearing trees than any other Order, an
enumeration of which may not be out of place here. They are as
follows :—Almond, Apple, Apricot, Blackberry, Cherry, Cocoa Plum,
Loquat, Medlar, Nectarine, Peach, Pear, Plum, Quince, Raspberry,
Strawberry, and others which are less well known. Among our
indigenous species the only ones bearing eatable fruits are the four
species of Rubus, our native blackberries. None of the other genera
contain species of any economic value, though Agrimona Hupatoria
has been used medicinally.
Number of species about 1000.
(Ex. BLackperRRy, BRAMBLE, Ec.)
Flowers without petals. 1
Flowers with petals, : 2
1 Flowers bisexual. Leaves fan-shaped or reniform. AUCHEMILLA.
1 Flowers unisexual or polygamous. CLIFFORTIA.
2 Calyx 5-10 toothed. Petals 5-10, minute or O.
Carpel 1. PyYGEUM,
2 Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5. Achenes many, drup-
ace@ous. Rusus.
2 Calyx 10 parted in two rows. Achenes few, dry,
tailed. GEUM.
2 Calyx 10-12 lobed in two rows, Achenes included
| in the hardened calyx tube. Levcosipga,
2 Calyx 5-lobed. Achenes 1-2 enclosed in the hardened
and densely hook-bristled calyx tube. AGRIMONIA.
45
—JTast or SPECcIEs.
1 Rubus, Linn. | 5 Agrimonia, Linn,
Ludwiggit, EB § 4, BC, Eupatoria, Linn, var, capen-
pinnatus, Walld, D, si) Lares. B-D
rigidus, Smzth, A-D:
rosefolius, Sin. Z
6 Cliffortia, Linn.
< serrulata (Engl.), Dzels.
elongata, H. SF. . C. strobolifera, Linn.
madagascariensis, O. Hoff. C-E. n. sp. (Evans 663).
Woodu, O, Kuntze. F,
4 Leucosidea, H, & Z, i Fygeum, Gaert,
Bice ne BE. africanum, H&-f.
ORDER LIX. SAXIFRAGEZE.
2 Geum, Linn, linearifolia, E. & Z. ?
capense, Thb. D. natalensis, J. M. Wood. CD
Ee ; . octandra, Cham. B.
3 Alchemilla, Linn. serpyllifolia, Ch. & Sch... BC,
capensis, T'hb. BC, E
B
F
N
An Order not well represented in Natal, Cunonia capensis known
in the Cape Colony as ‘‘ Rood Els,” furnishes a timber which is in
request ; but it does not appear to be much used in Natal, though it
is fairly common in the midlands,
Number of species about 540,
(Ex. Roop Exs,)
Flowers racemose, Leaves pinnate. A tree, CUNONTA,
Flowers axillary, paniculate. Leavessimple. A shrub. CworisTyYLis.
List oF SPECIEs.
1 Choristylis, Harv. 2 Cunonia, Linn.
rhamnoides, Harv. CD. capensis, Linn, BC.
ORDER LX, CRASSULACEA,
Almost the whole of the species of this Order are fleshy herbs or
undershrubs, and about half of the known species are natives of South
Africa. Some are used medicinally, some as a specific for corns, and
some are purgative if taken internally. They are much more plentiful
in the Cape Colony than in Natal.
Number of species about 400.
(Ex. Exupato.)
Stamens as many as petals. 1
Stamens twice as many as petals. 2
1 Corolla of 5-9 petals. Fleshy perennials. CRASSULA.
1 Corolla of 4-5 petals. Annuals, often aquatic. Tix.
46
2 Calyx 5 parted., Corolla tubular, 5 lobed. CoTyYLEDON.
2 Calyx 4 parted. Corolla 4 lobed. KALANCHOR.
2 Calyx 4 lobed, inflated. Corolla 4 Jobed. BRYOPHYLLUM,
List or Specims.,
1 Tilleea, Linn. portulacea, Lam, 2
inane, H. & Z. E. quadrifida, Baker, BE:
subulata, Benth & Hook. 2 recurva, N.L.B. Z.
rosularis, Harv. B.
2 Orassula, Linn. rubicunda, /.M. A-F.
brachypetala, #'.M, B. sarcocaulis, 4. & Z.
brevistyla, Baker, A, sarmentosa, Harv. D.
centauroides, Linn. B-C. sediflora, 7, & Z. ;
Cooperi, Hook, 9 sessilifolia, Baker. :
fardata’ 24b. B. stachyera, # & Z. B.
corymbulosa, Linn, B. subulata, Hook. K.
crenulata, (L), Harv. B. tenuicauhs, Schon. F;
curta N.E. B. F. tenuifolia, Schon. B-C.
drakensbergensis, Schon. E. umbraticola, N.#.B. F.
Dregeana, Harv. ? vaginata, H.& Z. A-K.
Sacoidss: Harv, 0: Woodii, Schon. C-E.
, Att. A-B.
Ae Wendl, 9 3 Kalanchoe, Adans.
heterotricha, Schinz, B, crenata, Harv. B.
inandensis, Schon, B. hirta, Harv. B.
involucrata, Schon. F. longicollis, Baker. "sa
lactea, Aut. B. longiflora, Schltr. C-L
latispathulata, Schon. B-C. rotundifolia. Harv. AB.
Meyeri, Harv. z thyrsiflora, Harv. BC.
multicava, Lem, B.
mucosa, Linn. . B. 4 Ootyledon, Linn.
natalensis, Schon. B-F, dealings aoe B
orbicularis, L. 9 orbiculata, Linn. 4
Pot uae y ee 5 Bryophyllum, Salisb.
perforata, Linn. B. calycinum, Salisb. A.
ORDER LXI. DROSERACE.
An Order of which we have in Natal one genus only, the well-
known ‘ Sundew.”’
In the Cape Colony another genus is found
(Roridula), a much larger plant than the ‘‘ Sundew,” which the Dutch
are said to hang in their houses to catch flies.
to be harmful to sheep, but have been used medicinally.
usually found in moist places.
Number of species more than 100.
The Droseras are said
They are
47
(Ex. SunpeEws.)
Stamens 4-8. Styles 2-5. DROSERA.
List oF SPECIES.
1 Drosera, Linn.
Burkeana, Plunch. AB.
madagascariensis, 7).C. B.C.
ramentacea, Burch.
ORDER LXI. HAMAMELIDEA.
A small Order of which two species only are known to exist in
Natal. The only useful plant of any note in the family is Hamamelis
virginica, of which the leaves and bark are used medicinally. Another
genus yields a good timber
_ Number of species about 50.
(Ex. ONDERBOSCH.)
Flowers unisexual, spiked. Petals in male flowers,
linear-clavate, long. TRICHOCLADUS.
Flowers unisexual, spiked. Petals none. MyYrotHAMNUs.
List oF SPECIES.
l Trichocladus, Pers. 2 Myrothamnus, Welw.
crinitus, Pers. BCZ. flabellifolius, Welw, EF.
grandiflorus, Oliv. K,
ORDER LXIU, BRUNIACEA.
Another small family almost, if not quite, confined to the Cape
Colony, and the only species known to us was gathered near the southern
boundary of Natal. None of the species have any economic value,
~ Number of species about 40,
Petals 5. Stamens 5, Anthers without apical appendage. Berarprs.
] Berardia, Brong, ;
trigyna, Schltr, C, :
ORDER LXIV. HALORAGEA.
The members of this family are chiefly aquatic, and have but
little economic value. Gunnera scabra is cultivated as an ornamental
plant, its leaves reaching to 6 feet in diameter, In its native country
it is used for tanning and as an astringent. $
Number of species about 80,
re Dee AMS Fa T ae
48
Leaves on long petioles, all radical, GUNNERA,
Leaves sessile, entire or toothed. Prostrate herbs. SERPICULA.
Leaves whorled, pectinate parted, Aquatic. MyYRi0pHYLLUM,
Leaves opposite, entire. lowers unisexual. CALLITRICHE.
List oF SPECIEs.
1 Serpicula, Linn, 3 Myriophyllum, Linn.
repens, Linn, A, spicatum, Linn. D,
2 Gunnera, Linn, 4 Qallitriche, Linn,
perpensa, Linn. A-F. Bolusii, Sch. & Paw, EK.
ORDER LXV. RHIZOPHOREAS.
This Order is for the most part a tropical one, and it includes the
two genera popularly known as “ Mangroves.” The wood of several of
the species is durable, and our Weihea and Cassipourea are both hand-
_ some trees well worthy of cultivation.
Number of species about 50.
(Ex. MAncRovE.)
Ovary inferior. Seed germinating within the fleshy fruit. 1
‘Ovary superior or half inferior. Fruit capsular. 2
1 Calyx 4 fid. Petals 4. RHIZOPHORA,
1 Calyx 5-12 fid. Petals 5-12, two fid, BruGuiera,
2 Petals 4-16 multifid. Stamens 20-30. WEIHEA.
2 Petals 4-5 multifid. Stamens 10. CAsSSIPOURFA,
List oF SPEcIEs,
1 Rhizophora, Linn. 3 Weihea, Spr.
mucronata, Lam. A. Gerrardi, Schinz. B.
2 Bruguiera, Lam. 4 Oassipourea, Awbl,
gymnorhiza, Lam, A. verticillata, NHB, A,
ORDER LXVI, COMBRETACEA,
Another almost entirely tropical Order, consisting of trees and
shrubs, some of which are possessed of useful properties. Some yield
excellent timber, others are useful on account of the amount of tannin
contained in their bark or fruits The fruits of U'erminalia Chebula
are known as ‘“. Myrabolans”’ and used fer tanning, and the galls on
the leaves are used for the same purpose. The leaves of several species
of the genus Terminalia form the food of the ‘“'Tussa” silkworm.
1’. catuppa is a. handsome tree, and its fruits are eatable. 1’. angustt-
folia yields a white, scented gum, which is used as a cosmetic and for
49
burning as incense. The seeds of our Combretum bracteosum when
eaten produce violent hiccough, and are known locally as “ Hiccup
Nuts.” None of our species are of much economic value.
Number of species about 240.
(Ex. Hiccup Nur. Unponpws.)
Calyx tube short, hmb campunulate. | CoMBRETUM.,
Calyx tube long and slender, limb short, (JUISQUALIS.
(List or Specizs.)
1 Combretum, Linn, Kraussii, Hochst. BC.
apiculatum, Sond, D. salicifolium, H.M, D,
bracteosum, Brandis. Ae Tiparium, Sond, D,
erythrophyllum, Sond, AB, Sonderi, Gerr, A.
glomeruliflorum, Sond, se
glutinosum, Perr. CD, . 2 Quisqualis, Rumph.
Gueinzii, Sond, B. parviflora, Gerr. A.
ORDER LXVII, MYRTACEA,
A large Order containing many useful plants, the common
“Myrtle” (Myrtus communis), is well known. Hugenia caryophyllata
yields the “Cloves” of commerce, and H. Pimenta, the “Allspice,”
and the fruits of several species of Eugenia are eatable. The well-
known Guavas belong to this Order, as do the Eucalypti. The seeds
of Bertholettva eacelsa are known as “ Brazil Nuts,” and the seeds of
Lecythis ollaria as ‘‘Sapucaya Nuts.” Vases, etc., are made of the
capsules of this tree, hence the name of “ Monkey Pot”? by which the
fruits are known. Melaleuca cajeputi yields “Cajeput Oil,” and is
used medicinally. Ouronly useful species is Hugenia cordata, the well-
known “ Waterboom,” the timber of which is valuable for building
purposes, etc.
Number of species about 1800.
(Ex. Warerzoom, Guava.)
Leaves opposite, usually pellucid dotted. Evcenta,
Leaves alternate, not pellucid dotted. BaRRINGTONIA,
List oF Sperctzs,
1 Eugenia, Zinn. Zeyheri, Harv. ?
albanensis, Sond. AB, 8p (Acmena Gerrardi, Harv.) AB,
te coun. AB. 2 Barringtonia, Forster,
Gueinzii, Sond. 2? racemosa, Roab, £
natalitia, Sond, A,
; 50
ORDER LXVIII. MELASTOMACEA,
A tropical and sub-tropical Order, the greater number of its
members being natives of 8. America, with but few in other countries.
The berries of some species of the genus Melastoma are eatable, but
stain the mouth, hence the name of the Order. None are of much, if
any, economic value; but some bear brightly-coloured and very orna-
mental flowers, such as Pleroma macrantha, commonly cultivated in
gardens. Some of our indigenous species of Dissotis are well worth
cultivation.
Number of species about 1800.
Ex. IMFE-YE-INKALA.)
Leaves 5-ribbed. Anthers opening by pores. Dissoris.
Leaves 9-ribbed. Anthers slitting. MEMECYLON.
1 Dissotis, bth. 2 Memecylon, Linn.
eximia, Harv. AB. capense, E. & Z.
incana, Naud. AB.
pheeotricha, T'riana. Ws
ORDER LXIX. LYTHRARIA.
A small order, the members of which are chiefly found in tropical
and subtropical countries, a few only inhabiting temperate regions,
Some of the species contain tannin, others are used medicinally. The
“Henna,” which is used by some women in India for dying their nails.
and hair is Lawsonia alba. The Lagerstroemias are cultivated for the
beauty of their flowers, and are known locally as ‘“ Pride of India,”
One of them, L. Flos-Reginex, yields a valuable wood, and the timber
of some other species is used in India. None of our species have any
economic value. Lythrum and Neszea are herbaceous plants. Hetero-
pyxis and Rhynchocalyx are shrubs or small trees, the latter plant
being apparently very rare, one plant only, so far, having been observed
by botanists.
Number of species about 250,
Herbs or undershrubs, 1
Small trees. 9
1 Calyx tubular. Ovary 2-celled. LyTHRuM.
1 Calyx bell-shaped. Ovary 3-celled. NrEs#a.
2. Stamens 5, opposite petals. Leaves aromatic. HETEROPYXIS.
2. Stamens 5-6, opposite petals, petals fimbriate. RHYNCHOCALYX.
2. Stamens 5, alternate with petals, petals entire. OLINIA.
List or Species. °
1 Lythrum, Linn. 2 Nesxea, Commerson.
rigidulum, Sond. ? floribunda, Sond. A,
rivulare, Wood & Evans. Z. Kuntzei, Koehne. ?
sagittefolium, Sond. DE. sagittzefolia, Koehne. ee
Schinzii, Koehne. DE, '
tolypobotrys, Koehne.
3 Heteropyxis, Harv. 5 Olinia, 7'hb.
natalensis, Harv. AB. cymosa, T'hb. E.
4 Rhynchocalyx, Oliv.
lawsonioides, Oliv. B:
ORDER LXX. ONAGRARIE AN.
A small Order chiefly confined to temperate countries, few only
being found in the tropics. The best known genera are Epilobium,
popularly called the ‘“‘ Willow Herb,’ and U#nothera, the “ Evening
Primrose”; Clarkia, a common garden plant; and Fuchsia, which is
a native of Central and South America. None of the members of the
Order have any known useful properties, and are cultivated for
ornament only.
Number of species about 300,
(Ex. Eventnc Primrose.)
Seedscomose. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Ovary 4-celled. Epioprum.
Seeds nude. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Ovary 4-celled.
Capsule elongate. CENOTHERA.
Seeds nude. Petals 4-6. Stamens 8-12. Ovary 4-celled.
Capsule elongate. JUSSIBA.
Seeds nude. Petals 3-6. Stamens 3-6. Ovary 3-6
celled. Capsule elongate. Lupwiala.
Seeds nude. Floating herbs, petioles long. TRAPA.
List or SPEcIEs.
1 Epilobium, Linn. 3 Ludwigia, Linn.
capense, Burch. B. jusseeoides, Harv. (non. Lam.) Z.
flavescens, H.M. B. palustris, Lam. CE;
hirsutum, Linn. B.
tetragona, Linn. B. 4 Gnothera, Linn.
: biennis, L. A.
2 Jussiza, Linn. macrantha. A.
repens, Linn. AK. rosea, At. Cc
suffruticosa, Linn. A.
| 5 Trapa, Linn.
bispinosa, Roab he
ORDER LXXIV. SAMYDACE4Ai.
A small family, chiefly tropical. None of the species are known
to be of any economic value.
Number of species about 150,
52
Petals 6-7, linear oblong. Capsule many seeded. .
Shrubs. HomaAtiom.
Petals 5, ovate-rotundate. Fruit dry, l-seeded. ‘Tree. GERRARDINA.
List or SPecigs.
1 Homalium, Jacq. 2 Gerrardina, Oliv.
rufescens. Bth. B. foliosa, Oliv. Ne
sp. (Blackwellia dentata). ?
ORDER LXXIV. PASSIFLOREA,
A small Order of tropical and subtropical plants, the largest
number of which are found in America. The Passifloras are well
known both as ornamental plants and also on account of their eatable
fruits, commonly known as “ Granadillas,” of which there are several
species and varieties; but it may not be so well known that the roots
of some at least of the species are considered to be poisonous. Curica
papaya isthe common “ Papaw,” too well known in Natal to require
further notice here. From its sap ‘‘ Papaine”’ is obtained by evapora-
tion, and is used medicinally. One of the American species of Carica
is said to be very poisonous. A
Number of species about 250. ;
a ey
(Ex. Passion FLower ; GRANADIDLA.)
Flowers bisexual. Calyx 3-parted. Corona double. TrypHosTeMMA.
Flowers dicecious. Calyx 5 fid. Disk 5 glandular.
* Corono O. Mopecca.
Flowers dicecious.- Calyx 5 parted. Disk without
glands. Corona O. OPHIOCAULON.
Flowers moncecious. Calyx 3-5 parted. Corolla
monopetalous, 3-5 lobed. Capsule pod-like. Crratosicyos.
. List or SPEcIEs. a
. 1 Tryphostemma, Harv 3 Ceratosicyos, Nees. :
Sandersoni, Hurv. AB. Eckloni, Nees. BOZ/ 78% i
2 Ophiocaulon, Hook. 4 Modecca, Lam.
gummifera, Hk. f. AB. digitata, Harv. EZ. 233
a5)
Africa and in other parts of the world, and by their great tenacity of
life have become a nuisance in places specially favourable to their
growth. Some of the species are used medicinally, and the fruits of
others are eatable. Several species of Opuntia form the food plant of
the Cochineal insect. Our only species (Rhipsalis cassytha) is a
cord-like plant hanging from rocks and trees in the midland and
upper districts. ‘The plants usually spoken of in Natal as Cacti are
either Euphorbias or Asclepiads.
Number of species probably about 1000.
Stems terete, green. Berry pisiform, smooth. RaIPSALIS.
1 Rhipsalis, Gaertn.
Cassytha, Gaertn. B-E.
_ ORDER LXXIX. FICOIDEA.
The members of this family are chiefly weeds without any useful
properties. ‘he genus Mesembryanthemum is a large one, but is far
more common in the Cape Colony than in Natal. Some of its species
hear brightly-coloured and showy flowers, and one species formed the
base of a proprietary medicine which was prepared and sold in
Natal.
Number of species about 450.
(Ex. Horrentor Fic.)
Capsule with star-like opening at apex. 1
Capsule loculicidal, cells many ovuled. 2
Capsule loculicidal or fruit indehiscent, its cells 1 seeded. 3
1 Petals and stamens very numerous. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.
1 Petalsnone. Stamensabout 20. Stipules 0. Arzoon.
st ie if , 9-00. Stipulate. PHarnaceum.
2 Sepals unequal, cuspidate. Seeds arilled. ORYGIA.
2 Sepals sub-equal. Seeds not arilled. Mo.uco.
3 Stamens 5 Capsule 3-5 angled. Seeds
globose. PSAMMOTROPHA.
3 Fruit of 2 separable hemispherical carpels. Limeum.
List or SpEctss.
1 Mesembryanthemum, Linn. 4 Mollugo, Linn.
edule, Linn. A. oppositifolia, Linn.
hirtumn, NE B. DE. 5 Pharnaceum, Linn.
uncinellum, Harv. é : distichum, Thb..- 2
2 Aizoon, Linn. 6 Psammotropha Linn.
canariense, Tann. re androsacea, Fenzl. B-E.
glinoides, Linn. myriantha, Sond. B-D.
3 Orygia, Forsk. 7 Limeum, Linn,
decumbens, Forsk, A.
viscosum, Fenzl. AB.
56
ORDER LXXX. UMBELLIFEREZ.
An Order of plants remarkable for the large number of culinary
vegetables included in it, such as “Celery” (Apiwm qraveolens),
“Parsley” (Petroselinum sativum), “Caraway” (Carum carui),
“Anise” (Pimpinella Anisum), “Fennel” (Faniculum vulgare),
“ Samphire ” (Orithmum maritimum), ‘ Parsnip” (Pastinaca oleracea),
“Cumin” (Cuminum cyminium), “ Carrot” (Daucus carota), ‘“ Cori-
ander” (Coriandrum sativum), and a few other less important ones.
Amongst the medicinal and poisonous members of the family are the
following :—“ Hemlock” (Coniwm maculatuwm), ‘Water Hemlock”
(Cicutaria virosa), ‘ Meadow Saffron” (Gnanthe crocata), ‘“‘ Lesser
Hemlock” or ‘Fools Parsley” (A?thusia cynapium), ‘‘ Angelica”
(Angelica archangelica), ‘‘ Asafotida” (Narthex asafetida), “Gum
Ammoniac”’ (Dorema Ammoniacum), and some others. Though the
Order contains many useful plants its members should be used with
great caution unless well known, especially the uncultivated species,
as many deaths have been caused by their injudicious use.
Number of species about 1300.
(Ex. Wino Cerery. Parstey.)
Albumen (as seen in a cross section of the ripe fruit)
flat or not grooved on its inner face. 1
Albumen with a longitudinal furrow along its inner face. HW)
1 Umbels simple or imperfect, or flowers capitate. 2
1 Umbels compound or perfect. 3
2 Fruit laterally compressed. Hyprocoryte.
2 Fruit ovate globose, covered with hooked bristles. Sanicurna.
2 Fruit tuberculated. ALEPIDEA.
5 Fruit laterally compressed or didymous. 4
3 Cross section of fruit circular or nearly go, the
carpels slightly compressed at back. 6
3 Fruit much compressed, with a wing on each side. 8
4 Carpophore distinct, entire, not 2 parted. | APIUM.
4 Carpophore 2 parted. 5
5 Fruit ovate. No involucre or involucel. PIMPINELLA,
5 Fruit sub-didymous. Involucre and_ involucel
present. Srom.
5 Carpels unequal. Leaves 3 lobed or 3 parted. HETEROMORPHA.
5 Carpels equal. Leaves entire, linear. BuPLEURUN.
6 Vittae under ribs of fruit, none in the furrows. LICHTENSTEINIA,
6 Vittae under furrows of fruit. 7
7 Carpels unequal. ANESORHIZA,
7 Carpels equal, ribs membranous, wing-like. SELINUM.
8 Margin of fruit broad. Petals emarginate. PEUCEDANUM.
9 Fruit ovate, compressed. Leaves 3-4 pinnate. Contum.
a
57
List or Species.
1 Hydrocotyle, Linn. 7 Lichtensteinia, Ch. & Sch.
americana, Linn., var. monti- interrupta, H#.M, - AB.
cola, Hk. f. B. sp. (Wood 485). B.
asiatica, Linn., var. repanda. A-D. :
centella, Cham. & Sch. BZ. 8 Apium, Linn.
umbellata, Linn. A. 1 tn
sp. (J. M. Wood 1348). BAe eee. a
2 Alepidea, La Roche. 9 Sium, ey
amatymbica, H. & Z. B-D.Z. Thunbergii, D.C. B-L.
cillaris, La Roche. C-D. pridit
longifolia, E.M. E-F. 10 Pimpinella, Linn.
natalensis, Wood & Hvans. C-D. caffra, Harv, E.
setifera, N.E.B, C-E. reenensis, Reching. F.
Woodii, Oliv. B. sp. (Cnidium Kraussianum). B.
sp. (Thode Gov. Herb. 10, 770). F.
sp. (Wood 3502). D. 11 Anesorhiza, Ch. & Sch.
3 Sanicula, Linn. sp. (Peucedanum triternatum). Z.
Linn. B.
SR es ala 12 Peucedanum, Linn.
4 Oonium, Linn. capense, Sond. AB.
maculatum, Linn. C: connatum, H.M. ?
i sp. (Sesela caffrum). B.
5 Bupleurum, Linn. sp.( ,, natalensis). B.
Mundti, Ch. & Sch. D. sp. (Govt. Herbm., 3619). Fs
6 Heteromorpha, Ch. & Sch. 13 Selinum, Linn.
arborescens, Ch. & Sch. BC. subfruticosum, Bth. & Hk. A.
ORDER LXXXTI. ARALIACEAs.
This Order contains but few species that are useful to mankind.
Hedera Helix, the common Ivy, is well known. The roots of Panax
“Ginseng,” are highly esteemed by the Chinese, and “ Rice paper”
is made from the pith of Fatsia papyrifera. Our species have no
economic value.
Number of species about 340.
(Ex. Caspace Tree. Ivy.)
Fruit roundish, top-shaped, crowned with large disk. Cussonia.
Fruit laterally compressed, oblong. PANAx,
| . List or SpEcIEs.
1 Panax, Linn. 2 Cussonia, Thb.
Gerrardi, Harv. B, Gerrardi, Seen.
PO
chartacea, Schinz.
58
Oussonia, Continued.
Kraussii, Hochst. ?
natalensis, Sond. B.
paniculata, H. & Z. aD;
spicata, "hb, A.
umbellifera, Sond. AB,
ORDER LXXXIII. CORNACE/K.
A small Order chiefly confined to the Northern Hemisphere. The
wood of some of the species is hard and useful, and the bark of others
is bitter and used instead of quinine. The drupes of Cornus mascula
are used in the East in making sherbet. Benthamia- fragifera bears
a fruit resembling a strawberry, and has an agreeable taste, and the
Aucubas are well known in Europeas ornamental plants Our species
is the only one of its genus, and is known in the Cape Colony. as
“* Assegai Wood,” and the wood is much esteemed. In Natal the tree
is not very plentiful.
Number of species about 75.
Flowers hermaphrodite, paniculate. Leaves opposite, _
toothed. CURTISEA.
1 Ourtisea, Azt.
faginea, A1t. DE.
ORDER LXXXIV. RUBIACE.
A large and interesting Order. chiefly tropical, but including
many species which are found in temperate regions. Of medicinal
plants belonging to the family the most important are different species
of Cinchona, which yield quinine, and .Cephelis [pecachuanha, yielding
the drug of that name. The Cinchonas are trees and shrubs natives
of S. America, and the Cepheelis of Brazil. Other species of the Order
are also used medicinally. Another and most important member of the
Order is Coffea uwrabica, from which, with some other species, the
coffee of commerce is obtained. Madder is the dried root of Hubsa
tinctorum, and is used by dyers; and Gambir, which is used by
tanners, is obtained from Uncaria gambir, a native of the Malay
peninsula. Amongst our native species the woods of Bwurchellia
capensis, Gardenia Thunhergia, and Rothmannia, Plectronia ventosa
and Mundtiana are said to be hard and heavy; but the trees are not
large, and the woods have but little commercial value.
Number of species more than 4000.
KEY TO SERIES.
Ovules in cells indefinite. : Serises A.
Ovules in cells 2, collateral. Series b,
Ovules in cells solitary. Series C,
59
KEY TO TRIBES.
SERIES A.
Flowers in dense globose heads. Corolla funnel-shaped.
Stigma simple. NAUCLEE.
Corolla valvate. Fruit indehiscent, 2-coccous, or cap-
sular, 2-celled. HEDYOTIDE#.
Corolla twisted in bud, Seeds large, compressed, or
small and angular, GARDENIE.
SERIES. B.
Not REPRESENTED IN NATAL.
SERIES C.
Radicle superior.
Radicle inferior.
1 Corolla valvate. Inflorescence terminal. Herbs. Kwnoxie#.
1 Corolla contorted or imbricate. Shrubs or trees. ALBERTIED.
1 Corolla valvate. Inflorescence axillary. . Shrubs
or trees. VANGUERIEZ.
2 Corolla contorted. Stylelong exserted, stigma
clavate. TxorEm.
2 Corolla valvate. Stigma entire, or style arms -
short. Fruit indehiscent. PsYCHOTRIEA.
2 Corolla contorted. Style 1, stigma 2-lobed,
lobes obtuse, linear or spathulate. SPERMACOCES.
2 Style arms filiform. [Fruit 2-coccous. ANTHOSPERMES.
2 Styles 2, stigmas capitate. GALIES.
KEY TO GENERA.
SERIES A.
NAUOLEEZ.
Ovary 2-celled, ovules pendulous. Shrubs or small
trees. CEPHALANTHUS.
HEDYOTIDEZ.
Calyx lobes unequal. Style arms papillose on both
surfaces. Flowers cymose. PEntas.
Calyx lobes equal or nearly so. Style arms smooth )
on outer surfaces, stigmatose within. Flowers
in terminal or axillary panicles. OLDENLANDIA.
—_
a eae
60
(VARDENIER,
Inflorescence terminal. 1
Inflorescence axillary, rarely opposite the leaves or
lateral. 2
1 Stigma minute. Inflorescence capitate. Flowers
red. Shrubs. BuRCHELLIA.
| Stigma fusiform. Inflorescence corymbose. Flowers
white. Shrubs. WEBERA.
2 Stigma fusiform or clavate, entire or 2-toothed. 3
2 Stigma fusiform or clavate, 2-lobed, lobes
erect or revolute. 4
3 Ovary 2-celled. Corolla tube short. RANDIA.
3 Ovary l-celled. Corolla tube medium. GARDENIA.
3 Ovary 1-2-celled. Corolla tube long or very long. Oxyanruus, ;
4 Berry small, pisiform, fleshy, 1-3-seeded. KRavssia.
4 Berry small, pisiform, coriaceous. Calyx sub-
tended by a cup-like bract. TRICALYSIA.
SERIES
KNOXIER.,
Calyx unequally 3-5 lobed. Stigma simple or
capitate. Flowers dimorphic. PEeNTANISIA.
ALBERTES.
Calyx lobes 2-4, accrescent, reticulate and coloured
rn Tritt. > ALBERTA.
VANGUERIE®,
Stigma capitate, oblong or mitre-shaped. Drupe of
1-2 pyrenes. PLECTRONIA.
Stigma capitate or cylindrical. Drupe of 3-6
(rarely 2) pyrenes. VANGUERIA, |
Stigma coroniform. Drupe of 3-6 pyrenes. Leaves _ :
verticillate. Fapoaia. A
TXoRE2. ;
Flowers 4-merous, white or yellowish. Shrubs. Paverra.
PsycHOTRIE®.
Drupe of 2, plano-convex pyrenes. Inflorescence
never thyrsoid. Shrubs. Psycnortria.
ANTHOSPERME2. Re,
Flowers perfect. Cocci indehiscent, muricate, Flowers
terminal, GALOPINA,
61
Flowers often dicecious. Cocci indehiscent, or dehisc-
ing at the ventral suture. Flowers axillary. ANruosperMUM.
SPERMACOCE#.
Fruit 2-celled. Aquatic. HYDROPHYLAx.
Fruit 2-coccous, cocei separating. Flowers axillary. Spermacoce.
Fruit 2-4-celled, circumscissile. Calyx with two ,
teeth longer than the others. Fruit didymous. Mrrracarpum.
Fruit 2-4-celled. Calyx lobes equal or subequal.
Fruit 5-4 coccous. RICHARDSONIA.
GALLIE.
Flowers 5-merous. Fruit fleshy. Rostra.
Flowers 4-merous. Fruit dry. GALIUM.
List oF SpeEcizs.
1 Cephalanthus, Linn.
natalensis, Oliv. dumetorum, Linn. A.
rudis, H.M. AB.
2 Oldenlandia, Linn. parviflora, Harv. ?
amatymbica, Kwntze. AD. sp. (Stylocoryne cuspidata,
Bojeri, Hiern. Ls E.M.)
caffra, H. & Z. B. doers ;
cephalotes, Kuntze. we 7 Gardenia, Linn.
chlorophylla, Kwnéze. AB. citriodora, Hook. A.
corymbosa, Lam. ? cornuta, Hemsl. yi
decumbens, Hiern. A. Gerrardiana, H. & S. Ae
Heynei, Rh. Br. BZ. globosa, Hochst. AB.
hirtula, Kunize. B. Neuberia, LE. & Z AB.
macrophylla, DC. A. Rothmannia. Lf. C.
natalensis, Kuntze. B Thunbergia, Lf. A.
rupicola, A ?
tenella, — i: C. 8 Oxyanthus, D.C.
thymifolia, __,, D. Gerrardi, Sond. B.
latifolius, Sond, A.
3 Pentas, Benth. natalensis, Sond. A.
Wylei, N.E.B. Z.
9 Kraussia, Harv.
4 Burchellia, He. Br. floribunda, Harv. A.
capensis, R. Br, AB. lanceolata, Sond. AB.
5 Webera, Schreb. 10 Tricalysia, A. Rich.
pavettoides, Bth. & Hook. B. Sonderiana, Hiern. A,
a) ‘ . 7
6 Randia, Linn.
11 Pentanisia, Harv.
variabilis, Harv. A.
“: var glaucescens. AB.
latifolia. B.
39
12 Alberta, HE M.
‘magna, H.M. BC.
13 Plectronia, L.
chameedendrum, O. Kuntze. ?
ciliata, Sond. B
locuples, K, Schinz. A
pauciflora, Klotzsch. ?
spinosa, Klotzsch. A.
ventosa, L. AB.
sp. (Canthium Guernzia,
Sond.) B
B
B
sp. (Canthium obovatum,
1.)
sp. (J. M. Wood, 1573).
14 Vangueria, Juss.
infausta, Burch. A-C:
lasiantha, Sond. A-B.
latifolia, Sond. A-B.
macrocalyx, Sond. B.
venosa, Sond. ?
pygmaea, Schi. ce
15 Fadogia, Schweinfurth.
humilis, Wood & Evans.
2
16 Pavetta, Linn.
assimilis, Sond.
caftra, Thb.
Cooperi, Harv. & Sond. C
disarticulata, N.2.B.
edentula, Sond.
Gerrardi, Harv. Mss.
~ lanceolata, Eck.
natalensis, Sond.
obovata, H.M.
Porr ND. o
sp. (J. M. Wood 320)
sp. ( 93 340, 1048).
sp. ( = 34(0a).
sp. ( * 1196).
sp. ( 5 8855).
17 Psychotria, Linn,
capensis, Vatke. AB.
18 Galopina, T'hb.
circaeoides, T’hb. D.
oxyspermum, Steud. AB.
bo bo bo bo
19 Anthospermum, Linn.
calycophyllum, Sond. ?
hispidulum, #.M. B
humile, N.#.B. i.
lanceolatum, Thb. AB.
pumilum, Sond. 1D.
rigidum, H. & Z. E
rubricaule, K. Schum. Z
20 Hydrophylax, Linn.
carnosa, Sond.
“~~
21 Spermacoce, Linn.
natalensis, Hochst. B.
22 Mitracarpum, Zuccarind.
Dregeanum, H.M. AB,
23 Richardsonia, Kunth.
‘pilosa, HB. & K. AB.
24 Rubia, Linn,
cordifolia, Linn. AB.
25 Galium, Linn.
aparine, Linn.
garipense, Sond.
horridum, Thb.
rotundifolium, LD.
subvillosum, Sond.
SRS
ORDER LXXXV, VALERIANE/A.
A small family whose members inhabit chiefly temperate and cold
eountries, few only reaching to warmer climates. Valerian is produced
63
by Valeriana officinalis, and one or two other species, and is a valuable
antispasmodic. Celtic Nard is yielded by Valeriana celtica and V.
Saliunca. Their roots are used medicinally and to scent baths. Both
species are natives of the higher regions of Styria and Carinthia.
Spikenard is the product of Na:dostachys Jatamansi, and the young
leaves of some of the Valerianellas are used as salad. Our species is of
no known value.
Number of species about 300.
Herb with imparipinnate leaves, and pinky flowers. VALERIANA.
1 Valeriana, Linn.
capensis, Thb. B-E,
ORDER LXXXVI. DIPSACEA.
A small Order of temperate and warm countries, containing but
few plants of value. Some of them are used medicinally, and some
are cultivated for ornament, while the heads of Dipsacus fullorum, the
Fuller’s Teazel are used for carding cloth. Our species are of no
value.
Number of species probably not much exceeding 100.
(Ex. TrazeL. Scasrous.)
Involucral scales in several rows. Calyx cup-like or
discoid. CEPHALARIA.
Involucral scales sub 2-seriate. Calyx crowned with
5 bristles. SCABIOSA.
List oF SPECIEs.
1 Cephalaria, Schrad. 2 Scabiosa, Linn.
attenuata, R. & S. A-E. africana, Linn. F.
rigida, R. & S. ? columbaria, Linn. AB.
ustulata, R. & S. . C. i var. dissecta. DE.
ORDER LXXXVITI. COMPOSITA.
This is by far the largest family of flowering plants in the veget-
able Kingdom, and though in nearly all cases the connection of the
different plants to the family is easily seen, referring them to their
respective genera is frequently very difficult.
Space will not allow more than an enumeration of a few of the
more prominent plants which have useful properties. Wormwood,
Southernwood, and Tarragon are different species of Artemisia, the
Tansy is Pyrethrum tanacetum, the well-known ‘“ Persian Insect
Powder ’’ consists of the dried leaves of Pyrethrum cinerarifoliwm, and
of some other closely allied species. Arnica is derived from Arnica
montana. (auaco, a supposed remedy for the bites of snakes is from
oie ee ee hy
a. * ~ $e
64.
Mikania guwaco, Coltsfoot is a Tussilago, and Safflower Carthamus
tinctorius. Chicory is the dried root of Cichoriwm Intybus, and its
blanched leaves also are eaten. Salsafy is Tragopogon porrifolius, the
Jerusalem Artichoke is Helianthus tuberosus, and the common —
Artichoke, Cynara scolymus. The’ seeds of many species yield oils,
some of which are said to be equal in flavour to Olive oil. Amongst
our indigenous species the timber of Brachylena discolor and some
other species, and also of Tarchonanthus camphoratus are said to be
good, but the trees are too small to render them of much value. The
leaves of Athrivia phylicoides were in the early days of the colony used
as a substitute for tea, and the leaves of Bidens pilosa, better known
as “‘ Black Jack,” are said to be useful in diarrheea.
Number of species verging on to 10,000, though many more than
this are enumerated by authors.
KEY TO TRIBES.
—
Heads discoid, or corollas lingulate.
Heads discoid or radiate. Anthers tailed. 2
Heads discoid or radiate. Anthers obtuse, sagittate
or mucronate at base. 3
I Florets tubular. Style arms long, subulate,
minutely downy on outer surface. Leaves
alternate. VERNONIACES.
1 Florets tubular. Style arms long, subterete,
granular on outer surface. Leaves usuaily
opposite, rarely alternate. EUPATORIACE®.
1 Florets strap-shaped, truncate, 5-toothed. Style
arms filiform, pubescent on outer surface. CICHORACEX.
2 Style arms linear, obtuse. Corollas of perfect 3
florets tubular. INULOIDES. ‘e
2 Style arms shortly rounded or truncate. Corollas ;
bilabiate or deeply 5-cleft. MOUTISACER.
3 Style arms flattened, without appendage. ASTEROIDER.
3 Style arms truncate or appendiculate. 4
4 Pappus of many fine hairs (in Gamolepis absent). SENECIONIDER.
4 Pappus coroniform, or of short scales. ANTHEMIDE®.
4 Pappus cup-shaped, of 1-4 bristles (or absent in =
Xanthium and Siegesbeckia). Receptacle rs
scaly. HELIANTHOIDES,
4 Pappus absent (occasionally in Venidium) or of -
membranous scales. Involucral scales in
many series. ARCTOTIDEA,
4 Pappus absent. Heads radiate. Involucral scales
in 1-2 series. CALENDULACEZ.
65
KEY TO GENERA.
VERNONIACE.
Pappus a small, fleshy, entire ring. ’ _ETHULIA.
Pappus bristle-shaped. VERNONIA.
EUPATORIACEA.
Heads 4-flowered. Pappus of many slender bristles. Mrixkanta.
Heads many-flowered. Pappus of 5-10 broad,
toothed scales. AGERATUM.
Heads many-flowered. Pappus of 3-5 gland-tipped
bristles. ADENOSTEMMA.
ASTEROIDEA.
Heads conspicuously radiate, rays never yellow. 1
Heads conspicuously radiate, rays yellow. Pappus
bristly, 1-seriate. NIDORELLA.
Heads either discoid or imperfectly radiate, marginal
florets filiform with imperfect rays. Pappus
single, bristle-shaped. 2
Heads discoid, all florets tubular and perfect. 3
1 Pappus bristles rough, in 2 or more series. ASTER.
1 Pappus bristles rough, in | series. Fericia,
1 All florets without pappus. Leaves pinnatifid. GaruLrum.
2 Rays white, disk yellow. Erect. Involucral bracts
sub-2-seriate ERIGBRON.
2 Rays and disk yellow. Erect. Involucral bracts
sub-2-seriate. NIDORELLA.
2 Rays and disk yellow. Climber. Involucral
bracts in several rows. Microatossa.
2 Marginal florets in asingle row. Leaves heath-like. Nowverta.
2 Marginal florets in many rows. Anthers not
tailed Receptacle flattish. Conyza.
2 Marginal florets in many rows. Anthers not
tailed. Receptacle conical. DICHROCEPHALA.
3 Pappus uniseriate, deciduous. CHRYBSOCOMA.
3 Pappus in 2-3 series, persistent. HETEROMMA.
INULOIDEK.
Heads discoid, dicecious.
Heads androgynous.
Heads androgynous or homogamous.
Heads heterogamous or homogamous.
1 Achenes woolly. Pappus none. ‘TARCHONANTHUS.
1 Achenes pubescent. Pappus copious, setose. BRACHYLENA.
2 Pappus bristle-shaped, copious. Anthers tailed. Bruwea.
2 Pappus bristle-shaped, copious. Anthers not
tailed. LAGGERA,
H= CODD
66
2 Pappus in marginal florets absent, in disk florets
scaly.
2 Pappus none. Heads compound.
3 Pappus in marginal florets none, in disk florets of
5-6 bristles, which are barbellate at apex.
3 Pappts in one row. Marginal florets in one row.
3 Pappus in one row. Marginal florets 3-6, disk
florets about 15, all fertile.
3 Pappus scabrous. Marginal florets 3-6, disk florets
1-2, all fertile.
3 Pappus in two rows. Involucre squarrose.
3 Pappus copious, in one row. Involucre hemis-
pherical.
3 Pappus copious, in one row. Marginal florets in
many rows.
3 Pappus scanty, plumose. Marginal florets hidden
in axils of outermost involucral scales.
4 Receptacle with or without palae.
4 Receptacle without palae.
4 Receptacle with palae.
Receptacle nude. Heads 1-flowered.
Receptacle nude Heads many flowered.
) ia my fimbrilliferous. | Leaves
ispid.
5 Receptacle paleaceous.
6 Style arms truncate.
6 Style arms rotundate.
7 Pappus of 2-3 keeled scales
7 Pappus of 10-16 scales, all or half of them awned.
8 Perfect florets sterile
8 All florets fertile.
9 Heads heterogamous
9 Heads heterogamous.
Cn Gr cr
fascicled,
Leaves solitary, glabrous.
Pappus in two rows.
Pappus in many rows.
HELIANTHOIDEA.
Heads many-flowered, small Perfect florets with
undivided styles. Receptacle paleaceous.
Heads unisexual, moncecious
Heads heterogamous, radiate. Receptacle conical
or cylindrical. .
Heads heterogamous, radiate
convex.
1 Inner involucral scales embracing the achenes.
1 Inner involucral scales free. Receptacle flat;
narrow.
1 Inner involucral scales free.
rigid bristles.
1 Inner involucral scales free. Pappus feathery.
1 Pala of receptacle embracing the achenes. __
Receptacle flat or
Pappus of 2-4
Bt ane
DENEKIA.
SPHARANTHUS.
AMPHIDOXA.
HELICHRYSUM.
CASSINIA.
ACHYROCLINE.
LEONTONYX.
BoJeErtia.
(GGNAPHALIUM.
PETALACTELLA.
“103 01
STOEBE.
METALASIA.
NESTLERA.
RELHANIA.
CaLLILEPIs.
GeIGERIA.
Macowanta.
ATHRIXIA.
PULICARIA.
Printzia.
PARTHENIUM.
XANTHIUM.
ZINNIA.
SIEGESBECKIA.
Ecnirra.
Bens. pre
TRIDAX. +
67
2 Rays yellow. Achenes thick, rounded at apex.
2 Rays yellow. Achenes truncate or convex at apex.
2 Rays white. Achenes ciliate.
ANTHEMIDEZ:.
Reeeptacle paleaceous.
| Receptacle nude or honeycombed.
1 Heads discoid.
1 Heads radiate. .
2 Heads radiate. Achenes equal or 5-10 ribbed.
2 Heads radiate. Achenes 3-5 ribbed on inner
face.
2 Heads discoid. Involucral bracts in 1-2 series.
2 Heads discoid. Involucral bracts many seriate.
®» Peduncles swollen at apex.
3 Peduncles not swollen at apex.
4 Perfects florets 4-toothed. Receptacle convex.
4 Perfect florets 5-toothed. Heads racemose.
4 Perfect florets 5-toothed. Heads corymbose.
5 Achenes all 5-10 ribbed.
5 Achenes all 5-ribbed.
SENECIONIDEA.
WEDELIA.
MELANTHERA.
SPILANTHES.
ATHANASIA.
EUMORPHIA.
CHRYSANTHEMUM
MATRICARIA.
CenlA.
CoruLa.
ScHISTOSTEPHIUM.
ARTEMISIA.
(JYMNOPENTZIA,»
PENTZIA.
Involucral bracts herbaceous, free nearly or quite to base.
Involucral bracts connate in a cup at base.
1 Involucral bracts crested and winged.
1 Style arms slender, subulate, hispid.
1 Achenes of ray, or all, dorsally compressed.
1 Achenes 5-10-ribbed, glabrous or villous. Disk
florets, fertile.
1 Achenes 5-10-ribbed, glabrous or villous. Disk
florets, sterile.
2 Styles bifid. Pappus slender. - Achenes 10-
ribbed.
2 Styles bifid Pappusnone. Achenes 5-10-ribbed.
2 Styles entire. Pappus copious. Achenes oval,
in disk florets abortive.
CALENDULACEZ,
Achenes of ray 3-angled, of disk compressed, 2-
winged.
Achenes polymorphous often in same head. Small
annual.
Achenes of ray 3-angled, of disk barren.
Achenes of ray nut-like, hard, glabrous.
LOPHOLENA.
GYNURA.
CINERARIA.
. SENECIO.
OTHONNOPSIS.
Euryops.
(ZAMOLEPIS.
OTHONNA.
DIMORPHOTHECA.
OLIGOCARPUS.
TRIPTERIS.
OsTEOSPERMUM.
5
nS —
68
ARCTOTIDE.
Involucral. bracts free or nearly so. Receptacle
paleaceous.
Involucral bracts connate at base. Receptacle nude
or honeycombed.
1 Pappus biseriate, outer of 5 spirally rolled
scales, inner of 5 bristles.
1 Pappus of 7-9 white, linear acuminate, entire
scales.
2 Pappus acuminate, diaphanous.
2 Pappus none, or of 4 minute scales.
2 Pappus of ray florets absent.
2 Pappus of many toothed scales. Achenes very
villous.
2 Pappus 2-seriate, toothed at apex. Leaves usually
spinous.
MUTISACEA.
Achenes densely villous. Pappus plumose.
Achenes glabrous. Pappus of 3-5 unequal scales.
Achenes beaked. Pappus of rough bristles.
CICHORACEA.
Pappus plumose. Central achenes beaked. Hypocn@RIs,
Pappus bristly. Achenes long beaked. Lactuca.
Pappus bristly. Achenes beakless, or very shortly
beaked
1 Achenes 4-5 angled, shortly beaked. Stems
trailing LAUNEA.
1 Achenes 10-20 ribbed, shortly beaked or nar-
rowed at apex, Crepis.
1 Achenes compressed, beakless. Plant erect,
branching. ; SONCHUS.
1 Achenes 5-angled, beakless. Leaves radical,
rosulate. Hreracium.
List oF SPpEciEs.
1 Ethulia, Linn. Gerrardi, Harv.
conyzoides, Linn. A-B hirsuta, Sch. Bip.
2 Vernonia, Schreb.
UrsIn1A.
PLATYCARPHA.
H APLOCARPHA.
VENIDIUM.
CryPTOSTEMMA.
(VAZANIA.
BERKHEYA.
Dicoma.
ANISOCHETA.
(FEKBENM A.
Kraussii, Sch. Bip.
mespilifolia, Fess.
angulifolia, D.C. AB. monocephala, Harv.
anisochzetoides, Sond. A. natalensis, Sch. Bip.
eollina, Schltr. BR. oligocephala, Klatt. —
corymbosa, Less. AB. pinifolia, Less.
Dregeana, Sch. Bip. AB. podocoma, Sch. Bip.
Vernonia, Continued.
senegalensis, Less.
stipulacea, Klatt.
Sutherlandi, Harv.
vernonella, Harv.
Woodii, Hoffm.
sp. (Wood 342),
sp. (Wood 7463),
} Anisocheta, D.C.
mikanioides, D.C.
a eager oe
Q
4 Adenostemma, Forst.
caffrum, D.C.
Dregei, D.U.
da
5 Ageratum, Linn.
conyzoides, Linn.
6 Mikania, Wil/d.
capensis, D.C. AB.
natalensis, D.C. ?
AB.
7 Dichrocephala, L’ Herit.
latifolia, D.C.
8 Garuleum, Cass,
latifolium, Harv.
pinnatifidum, D.C.
Woodii, Schinz.
sp. (Wood 4385).
9 Aster. Linn.
asper, Less.
erigeroides, Harv.
filifolius, Vent.
hispidus, Baker.
natalensis, Harv.
perfoliatus, Oliv.
quinquenervius, Klatt.
serrulatus, Harv.
uliginosus, W. & E.
Woodii, Klatt.
sp. (Hvans 739),
10 Felicia, Cass.
Siecle
>
SH NE SEES
o
-drakensbergensis, Wood sf
Evans.
linearis, N. E. Brown.
lingulata, Klatt. i
a
69
lutea, N. H. Brown. Z.
muricata, Nees. D:
pinnatifida, Wood & Evans. F.
11 Erigeron, Linn.
canadense, Linn.
12 Microglossa, D.C.
mespilifolia, Bth.
13 Nidorella, Cass.
anomala, Steetz.
auriculata, D.C.
depauperata, Harv.
foetida, D.C.
hottentotica, D.C.
linifolia, 7).C.
mespilifolia, D.C.
resedefolia, D.C.
14 Conyza, Less.
zegyptiaca, Ait. B.
incisa, Att. A-C,
iveefolia, Less.
obscura, D.C.
pinnatilobata, D.C. EK.
podocephala, D.C. 3 13.2
15 Nollettia, Cass.
Q
PAE NDDORDD
i
rarifolia, Steetz. D.
16 Chrysocoma, Linn.
tenuifolia, Berg. B-D
17 Heteromma, Benth.
decurrens, Bth. E.
simplicifolia, Wood & Evans. F.
18 Brachylena, R. Gr.
dentata, D.C. C.
discolor, D.C. A.
elliptica, Less. B.
racemosa, Less. ?
uniflora, Harv. | AB.
sp. (Wood 936, 4609).
19 Tarchonanthus, Linn.
camphoratus, Linn. CD.
minor, Less. ZL.
B,
trilobus, D.C.
20. Blumea, D.C.
lacera, D.C,
natalensis, Sch. Bip.
21 Laggera, Sch. Bp.
alata, Sch. Bip.
22 Denekia, hb.
capensis, Thb.
glabrata, D.C.
23 Spheranthus, Linn.
peduncularis, D.C.
24 Amphidoxa, D.C.
gnaphaloides, D.C.
25 Achyrocline, Less.
sp. (J. M. Wood 523).
26 Gnaphalium, Linn.
luteo-album, Linn.
purpureum, Linn.
undulatum, Linn. —
27 Helichrysum, Gertn.
adenocarpum, D.C.
album, N. H. Brown.
alloides, Less.
amplum, O. Hoffm.
appendiculatum, Less.
araneosum, Klatt.
argyrospherum. D.C.
argyrolepis, MacOwan.
athrixifolium, O. Hoff.
aureonitens, Sch. Bip.
auriculatum, Less.
ceespititium, Sond.
callicomum, Harv,
capillaceum, Less.
cephaloideum, D.C.
comosum, Sch. Bip.
confertum, N. H. Brown.
confertifolium, Klatt.
Cooperi, Harv.
cymosum, Less.
declinatum, Less.
decorum, D.C.
as
©)
QR.
C2
ASD... Fao.
> -
me HOS
b>
wm.
70
ch pe nH Sy
f a Si eae
+ on + ate
A ¥,
, (cate
'
A.
ericeefolium, Less B
faleatum, K/att. ?
flocecosum, Klatt. A.
foetidum, Cass. A-B
fulgidum, Weld. AC
fulvum, N. HE. Brown. F.
Gerrardi, Harv. _
griseum, Sond. _
glomeratum, Klatt.
hypoleucum, Harv.
infaustum, Wood & Hvans.
Kraussii, Sch. Bip.
Kuntzei, O. Hoff.
latifolium, Less.
leiopodium, D.C.
leptolepis, D.C.
longifolium, D.C.
marginatum, D.C.
miconizfolium, D.C.
Mundtii, Harv.
nanum, Klatt.
natalitium, D.C.
nudifolium, Less.
oreophilum, Klatt.
pannosum, D.C. A
parviflorum, Alatt.
polycladum, Klatt.
populifolium, D.C.
pulvinatum, O Hoffm.
quinquenerve, Less.
retortoides, N.H.B.
regulosum, Less.
aad
PW, WOW
S
PRO EP AOn RWW
serpyllifolium, Less. B-D.
setosum, Harv. Z.
simillum, D.C. BG,
squammosum, Thb. A-D.
stenopterum, D.C. A.
subglomeratum, Less. B-F.
Sutherlandi, Harv. B-F.
teretifolium, Less, A.
Thapsus, O. Hoffm. D.
trilineatum, D.C. E-F,
umbraculigerum, Less. B-D.
Woodii, N. H. Brown.
sp. (Wood, 3888).
5° ( a ae
pol 3; oe
ty, Sa
ttn: |)
Helichrysum, Continued.
sp. (Wood, 3596). E.
” ( ” 4557). F.
” ( ” 1574) B.
” ( ” 3079). B-C.
,, (Evans, 516). E-F.
gee 660). B-C.
,, (Herb., 6006). E.
28 Leontonyx, Cass.
glomeratus, D.C. C-Z.
squarrosus, D.C. AB.
29 Qassinia, Rk. Br.
phylicifolia, D.C. A.
30 Metalasia, R. Br.
muricata, Less. E.
31 Nestlera, Spreng.
virgata, N. EH. Brown. F.
32 Relhania, L’ Her. AB.
pungens, L’ Her. AB.
33 Macowania, Oliv.
glandulosa, N. EH. Brown. F.
34 Petalactella, N. LV. Brown.
Woodii, N. H. Brown. F.
35 Stoebe, Linn.
cinerea, T'hb.
36 Athrixia, Ker.
angustissima, D.C.
arachnoidea, Wood & Evanz.
asteroides, Bol. & Schl.
elata, Sond. E
fontana, MacOwan. B-
Gerrardi, Harv.
phylicoides, D.C. A
pinifolia, N. H. Brown.
n. sp. (Hvans, 513). E-
37 Bojeria, D.C,
lanceolata, Bth. Z.
BC.
tortilis, D.C. 3 B.
71
38 Printzia, Cassina.
asteroides, Schltr.
densifolia, Wood & Hvans.
laxa, N. H. Brown.
pyrifolia, Less.
39 Pulicaria, Gaertn.
capensis, D.C.
40 Geigeria, Griesb.
Burkei, Harv.
passerinoides, Harv.
protensa, Harv.
natalensis, Wood & Kvans.
rivularis, Wood & Evans.
41 Callilepis, D.C.
laureola, D.C.
42 Parthenium, Linn.
hysterophorus, Linn,
43 Xanthium, Linn.
spinosum, Linn.
strumarium, Linn,
44 Zinnia, Linn.
multiflora, Ionn.
45 Biegesbeckia, Linn:
orientalis, Linn.
46 Eclipta, Linn,
erecta, Linn.
47 Wedelia, Jacq.
natalensis, Sond.
48 Melanthera, Rohr,
Brownei, Sch. Bip.
49 Spilanthes, Linn.
africana, D.C.
50 Bidens, Linn.
bipinnata, Linn.
pilosa, Linn.
A-E.
, var. leucantha, Willd. BC.
51 Tridax, Linn.
procumbens, Linn.
A.
52 Athanasia, Linn.
acerosa, Harv. A-C.
A. var. (J. M. Wood,
3969).
coronopifolia, Harv.
Dregeana, Harv.
leucoclada, Harv
montana, W. & E.
punctata, Harv.
tridens, Oliv.
sp. (Hvans 662).
53 Eumorphia, D.C.
sericea, Wood & Evans. F.
54 Chrysanthemum, Linn.
osmitoides, Harv. ?
55 Matricaria, Linn.
nigellzfolia, D.C. A-C,
zuurbergensis, Oliv. DE.
56 Ootula, Linn.
anthemoides, Linn. ?
bipinnata, Thb. A.
57 Cenia, Juss.
hispida, Bth. & Hk. C-D.
58 Schistostephium, Less.
crategifolium, Fenzl. A-C,
rotundifolium, Fenzl. BZ.
sp. (Tanacetum griseum). A-C.
heptalobum). B.
hipprefolium). D.
Sp- ( 9
sp.-(
59 Gymnopentzia. Benth.
pilifera, N. H. Brown. F.
60 Pentzia, U'hb. -
asteroides, Schltr.
Cooperi, Harv. F.
pinnatifida, Oliv. BC.
virgata, Less. 2
61 Artemisia, Linn.
afra, Jacq. A-D.
62 Lepholaena, D.C.
Dregeana, D.C.
A.
platyphylla, Bth. BC-Z.
e5|
HOWE WOON
63 Gynura, Cassine.
cernua, Bth. BU.
64 Cineraria, Linn.
albicans, N.E.B. on
atriplicifolia, D.C, BC,
decipiens, Harv, ?
deltoidea, Sond, ?
lobata, LD’ Fer. ?
lyrata, D.C. D.
othonnoides, Klatt. ?
65 Senecio, Linn.
abrotanoides, D.C, A-C:
achillaefolius, D.C, D.
albanensis, D.C, C-D,
angulatus, Linn. ; AB,
barbatus, D.C. D.
bryonefolius, Harv. B.
bupleuroides, D.C, A-C,
= var, latifolius. B.
var. angustifolius,B.
Burchellii, D.C,
caudatus, D.C. B.
caulopterus( Fl. Cap, non. D.C.) A,
colensoensis, O. Kuntze. Cy
concolor, D.O. (non. Harv.) VD.
coronatus, Harv, B-Z.
crenatus, T'hb. Z.
crenulatus, D.C. B.
4 var. discoideus. B-C-
decurrens, D.C. )
deltoideus, Less. AB.
drakensbergensis, Klatt. K,
Dregeanus, D.C, BC,
i var. discoideus. B.
erubescens, Azt, A.
% var. crepidifolia, > F
ohio he kw icc hochesho kaha)
-
0
AEZ.
Pek ee!
Row
DAQASNee
13 Oordylogyne, #.M.
globosa, #.M,
sp. (LPeriglossum angusti-
folium, Dene),
sp. (Periglossum Kassneria-
num, Schltr.)
sp. (Periglossum McKenizi,
Harv.)
i4 Panninia, Harv.
caloglossa, Harv.
15 Oynanchum, Linn.
crassifolium, L.
natalitium, Schltr.
obtusifolium, L. f,
sp. (Cynoctonum capense),
sp. (Gov. Herb. 5997).
schizoglossum, Schltr.
16 Sarcostemma, Rk. Br.
aphyllum, R. Br.
viminale, R. Br.
17 Gymnena, 2. Br.
sylvestre, R. Br.
18 Tylophora, R. Br.
Flanagani, Schltr.
lycioides, Dene.
syringefolia, H.M.
19 Pergularia, Linn.
africana, N.H.B.
20 Dregea, L. Mey.
floribunda. #.M.
21 Tenaris, H. Mey.
rubella, 4.M.
22 Lasiostelma, Bth.
Sandersoni, Oliv.
23 Sisyranthus, #.M.
anceps, Schltr,
expansum, Harv,
imberbis, Hurv.
macer, Schltr.
Kk,
papery eee
AB.
Ph
1.
B-D.
AB.
AB.
86
Sisyranthus, Continued. 27 Brachystelma, R. Br.
rotatus, Schltr. CD.
trichostomum, Schltr, ? Gerardi, ae 24
virgatus, H.W. 7 natalense, Schltr. AB.
pulchellum, Schltr. 1
24 Oeropegia, Linn.
ampliata, 4#.M. D. 28 Aulostephanus, Schltr.
antennifera, Schltr. D. natalensis. Schlir B.
caffrorum, Schler. A. ; é
ay = a ee 29(aralluma, R. Br.
pachystelma, Schltr. C. lutea, N.4.B. D.
Sandersoni, Dene. AZ.
Woodii, Schiér. B. 30 Btapela a
25 Riocreuxia, Dene. giganien, Ie *
Flanagani, Schltr. ? |
polyantha, Schltr. ? 31 Huernia, R, Br,
torulosa, Dene. A-E, “hyateis, Naeee -BG.
26 Dichzelia, Harv.
Gerrardi, Harv. ?
ORDER CVIII LOGANIACEAL:
The best known genus of this family is Strychnos, some of the
members of which genus are very poisonous. From the seeds of
Strychnos Nua-vomica, Strychnine is obtained, and the bark of the
roots of some other of the genus is highly poisonous. That of
S. Tieute, is used by the Javanese to poison their arrows,
and in South America two other species are similarly used, and are
supposed to be the most active ingredients in the ‘‘Curare.” S.
Ignatius yields the Ignatius bean of India, a supposed remedy for
Cholera, and 8. potatorum bears the ‘‘ Clearing nut” of India, which
clarifies the foul water placed in vessels whose inner surface has been
rubbed with this bean. The pulp surrounding the seeds of our native
tree 8S. Gerrardi, popularly known as “‘ Gulugulu,” is eaten by natives
and children, and the bark of another species is used medicinally by
the natives. The wood of another species 8. Atherstoned has been
used for staves of casks, but it is not of much value. ‘That of Nuaia
floribunda is used by wagon makers, and that of Buddleia salvizzolia
is hard and strong, and is said to be suitable for wood engraving, and
excellent for wood type ; but the tree is not of large size,
Number of species about 350.
(Ex. Karirk Orance, Umeutucutu. SaGEewoop.)
Corolla valvate. Berry with hard rind, pulpy within.
Leaves 3-5 veined. SrrycHNos.
Corolla imbricate. Fruit a 2-celled capsule. é
1 Anthers exserted. Leaves linear. Flowers
racemose. Undershrubs. GOMPHOSTIGMA.
1
87
1 Anthers exserted. Leaves linear. Flowers
cymose. Shrubs or trees. Noxi.
1 Anthers exserted. Leaves tomentose. Flowers
panicled. Shrubs or trees. CHILIANTHUS.
1 Anthers included. Leaves tomentose. Flowers
cymose. Shrubs. BUDDLEIA.
List oF SPEcIEs.
1 Gomphostigma, Twrcz. 4 Buddleia, Linn.
scoparioides, T'urcz. D. auriculata, Bth. Z,.
20 ay are pulchella, N. #. Brown. DE.
te ere R Br. salvizefolia, Lam. A-F.
floribunda, Bth. , Woodii, Gilg 2
B
oppositifolia, Bth. A:
B.
sp. (Wood 1862). 5 Strychnos, Linn,
Atherstonei, Harv. A.
3 Chilianthus, Burch. Gerrardi. N. #. Brown. A.
arboreus, Bth. A. Henningsii, Gilg. A.
dyssophilus, Bth. AB. spinosa, Lam. AB.
oleaceus, Burch. A. |
ORDER CIX. GENTIANE.
Gentianeze are found in most countries, aud contain a bitter
principle which is used medicically. Gentiana lutea, a European
species, is said to be one of the earliest known medicines. Hrythrea
centaurea, the ‘‘Centaury,” has been used as a substitute for it. The
Water Trefoil, or Buckbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), has the same
properties, and its intensely bitter root is said to be an excellent tonic.
None of our species have been tested in this direction so far as known
to us.
Number of species more than 500,
Floating herbs, with long petioled cordate leaves. LIMNANTHEMUM.
Terrestrial herbs. Anthersexserted. Flowers red,
purple, or white. CHIRONIA.
Terrestrial herbs. Anthers included. Stigma
globose. Flowers yellow. SEBAA.
Terrestrial herbs. Anthers included. Stigma
oblong. Flowers yellow. BELMONTIA.
(List or Sprctes.)
1 Ohironia, Lann. 2 Seba, R. Br.
baccifera, D. A. acutiloba, Schinz. A.
densiflora, S. HUI. BD. crassulefolia, H. & Schl .A-E.
palustris, Burch. BC. filiformis, Sch B.
peduncularis, Ld. ? Junodii, Schinz. D.
purpurascens, Bth. & Hook. AB. linearifolia, Schinz. 2
pusilla, Oliv. A. Marlothi, Gilg. F.
88
Sebzea, Continued. 3 Belmontia, #.M.
natalensis, Schinz. F.
; grandis, H.M. AB.
pentandra, ELM. D. natalensis, Schinz. B
repens, Schinz, i; Zeyheri : ;
sedoides, Gilg. DE. ; rs
Thodehna, Gite 4 Limnanthemum, Gmelin.
rhomboidea, Schler. ? Thunbergianum, Griesb. AB.
Rudolfii, Schinz. EF.
vitellina, ,, ir
Woodii, Gilg. BC.
ORDER CX. BORAGINEAS.
Many species of this Order have been used medicinally, but few,
if any, are now so used, except, perhaps, in veterinary practice.
Symphytum perigrinum is the “ Prickly Comfrey,” highly recom-
mended as food for stock, but it did not find much favour in Natal
The ‘‘ Borage” (Borago officinal’s) is well known at home, and is used
in the preparation of beverages. Some species of the Order are used
as potherbs, and, lastly, several species of Myosotis are known as
‘* Forget-me-not.”’
Number of species about 1200.
(Ex. um-NOFUNOFU. )
Style terminal, ovary entire. 1
Style rising from base of lobes of ovary, Ovary
4-lobed. 2
1 Style twice forked at at apex. Shrubs. CorDIA.
1 Style 2-lobed at apex. Shrubs. ERRETIA.
2 Nutlets not united to style or style base. 3
2 Nutlets united with style or style base. Imper-
forate at base +
3 Corolla open. Stigma capitate. Nuts ovate. LiTHosperMuM.
3 Corolla closed with scales. Stigmas obtuse.
Nuts compressed, smooth. Myosotis.
4 Nutlets 4, irregularly covered with hooked
bristles. Nutlets depressed. CyNnog@LossuM.
4 Nutlets 4, margined with hooked bristles. Nut-
lets not depressed. [CHINOSPERMUM.
4 Nutlets 1-3, one larger and winged. TYSONIA.
List oF SPECIES.
1 Cordia, Linn. 3 Oynoglossum, Sw.
caffra, Sond. AB. enerve, Turcz. B.
micranthum, Desf, B-D.
2 Ehretia, Linn. 4 Echinospermum, Sw,
hottentottica, Burch. B. capense, D.C. CE.
Lappula, Lehm. ?
89
5 Myosotis, Linn. cinereum, 4.D.C. Dp
afropalustris, CO. H. Wright. DE. officinale, Linn. EK.
sylvatica, Hoffm. EF.
7 Tysonia, Bolus.
6 Lithosp rmum, Linn. pfticata, Baten ER.
arvense, Linn. ?
ORDER CXUI. CONVOLVULACEA.
An Order whose members are widely distributed in tropical and
subtropical countries, more rare in temperate climates. and quite
absent from the colder ones. Very many of the species are cultivated
for the beauty of their flowers, and some have powerful medicinal
properties. Jalap is prepared from the rhizomes of Oonvolvulus J alapa
and U. Schtedeanus, but the best quality is said to be obtained from
fwogonium purga. Scammony is obtained from Convolvulus scam-
monia and C. sagitteefolius of the Mediterranean regions, and Ipomeea
pandurata of the U.S. America. Convolvulus dissectus is said to
abound in prussic acid, and to be used in the preparation of “ Noyau.”’
Oil of Rhodium is the product of the rootstock of Rhodorhiza sp.
The ‘‘ Sweet potato” is Ipomeea batatas, and is too well known to
need further reference here. Many of our indigenous species bear
handsome flowers, and are well worthy of cultivation. Perhaps the
most striking among them is I. Woodzt, first collected in a forest in
Zululand.
I purpurea has similar properties to Jalap, and is known to the
natives as i-Jalapa
Number of species about 800.
Carpels united into a solid ovary. 1
Carpels 2-4, separate, or ovary deeply lobed. 2
1 Ovary 1-celled. Style 1. HEWITIEA.
1 Ovary 2-4 celled. Style 1, stigmas didymus or
2 globose. Troma.
1 Ovary 2-celled. Style 1, stigmas 2, linear or
filiform. ConvVOLVULUS.
1 Ovary 2-celled. Style 1, stigmas 2, ovate or
oblong, flattened. J ACQUEMONTIA.
1 Ovary 2-celled. Style i, stigmas 2, linear-oblong,
stem and leaves clothed with stellate hairs. ASTEROCHLENA.
1 Ovary 2-celled. Style 1, stigmas 2, 2-fid. Ovary
2-ovuled Leaves sessile. EVoLvuLus.
1 Ovary 2-celled. Style 1-2 fid or styles 2. Ovary
4-ovuled. BREWERIA.
1 Parasitical leafless plants. JUSCUTA.
2 Corolla 2-fid. Ovary 2-parted or lobed, lobes
2-ovuled. DicHonprRA.
2 Corolla crenate. Ovary 4-parted or lobed. lobes
l-ovuled. | FALKn.
96
List or SpEolss.
1 Ipomea, Linn.
albivenia, D. Don. D. hastatus, T'hb. a
angustifolia, Jacq. AB. natalensis, Bernh. dD.
argyreioides, Chovsy. E. rhynchophyllus, Baker. ?
biloba, Forsk. A. sagittatus, T'hb. D.
cardiosepala, Hochst. DE. ulosepalus, Hallier. f. E.
crassipes, Hovk. AD: ;
digitata, Teak x 3 Hewittea, W. & A.
ficifolia, Ldl. AB, bicolor, W. & A. AB.
geminiflora, Rendle. A.
Gerrardiana, _,, ? 4 Jacquemontia, Chois.
Greenstocku, ,, ? capitata, G. Don. var. ay
Lambtoniana, _,, D.
oblongata, H.M. py, 5 Evolvulus, Linn.
obscura, Ker. nS alsinoides, Linn. AC.
oenothera, Haller. D.
ovata, E.M. BC. 6 Falkia, Linn.
palmata, Forsk. AB. oblonga, Bernh A.
purpurea, Roth. A.
uinquefolia, Hochst. D. 7 Dichrondra, Foster.
Bed laminas: Baker ? repens, Foster. B
simplex, Thb. AC. x
sublucens, Rendle. [ 8 Cuscuta, Linn.
tetraptera, Baker. AE. appendiculata, Englin. ?
Woodii, N. EL, Brown, Z. cassythioides. Nees. Cs
Wighti, Choisy. BZ. Gerrardii, Baker. Fi.
natalensis. __,, BC.
2 Oonvolvulus, Linn.
arvensis, Linn. 2 9 Breweria, fh. Br.
Bulleriana, Rendle. DE. capensis, Baker. ?
calycinus, HL. Mey. AB.
capensis, Burm. . ? 10 Asterochlzena, Hallier. f.
farinosus, Linn. AZ. malvacea, Haller, f. A.
ORDER CXIV. SOLANACEAS.
A large Order containing, according to the Genera Plantarum,
66 genera. Some of the species have, however, been unduly multiplied,
the well-known Solanum nigrum having received more than 66 names
from different authors. The best known members of the Order are
the common potato, Solanum tuberosum, originally a native of Peru or
Chili, but now unknown in a wild state, the Capsicum or Chilli
Capsicum annuum, a native of India, the Tomato, Lycopersicum
esculentum of Tropical America, and Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum of
Central America. Less well-known species are the Egg plant or
Brinjal. Solanum melongena and 8. oviferum are different species of
Physalis or Winter Cherry, of which our Cape Gooseberry (Physalis
peruviana) is one, and is an introduced species. ‘The Order includes
91
many poisonous plants, such as Belladonna (Atropa belladonna),
Stramonium (Datura stramonium), (D. tatula), and (D. metel),
Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger). and many others. In fact all of the
species, unless well known to be harmless, should be used with
caution. Of the species growing in a wild state in Natal, one, 9.
capense, has been used by the natives for curdling milk, and some
have been used medicinally; but great care should be exercised in
their use. Withania somnifera has been used in Natal medicinally
by Europeans, it is said with some amount of success; but it is a
doubtfully indigenous plant.
Number of species 1200 to 1300.
Fruit a many-seeded berry. l
Fruit a many-seeded capsule. 5
1 Anthers opening by terminal pores. SOLANUM.
1 Anthers splitting lengthwise. 2
2 Calyx inflated in fruit. Herbs or half shrubs. 3
2 Calyx unaltered in fruit. Shrubs. 4
3 Calyx 5-parted, segments sagittate. Ovary 3-4
celled. Flowers solitary. NICANDRA.
3 Calyx deeply 5-fid, segments subulate. Ovary |
2-celled. Flowers fascicled. WITHANIA.
3 Calyx 5-toothed, 5-angled, closing in fruit. Ovary
2-celled. Flowers solitary. PHYSALIS.
4 Corolla funnel-shaped or tubular, Lycium.
5 Calyx deciduous in upper portion. Capsule 5-
celled, thorny. DATURA.
5 Calyx persistent. Capsule small, not thorny. NICOTIANA.
List or Spsctzs.
1 Solanum, Linn. 2 Physalis, Linn.
acanthoideum, H. Mey. ? minima, Linn. A.
aculeatissimum, Jacq. AE. peruviana, Linn. AC.
auriculatum, A7t. a sp. (Wood 6359). CD.
bifureum, Hochst. BZ. 3 Withania, Puug.
capense, L f. BE. somnifera, Don. A.
didymanthum, var. pluri-
florum, Dunal. AB. 4 Nicandra, Adans.
duplo-sinuatum, K7. A. physaloides, Gaertn. AC.
exasperatum, H. Mey. . pipe ie
ferrugineum,. Jacq. A. Det Renee
geniculatum, H#.M. A. acutifolium, EM. AB.
incanum, L. ike pendulinum, Miers. BC.
indicum, Linn. B. 6 Datura, Linn.
nigrum, L, AE.
alba, Nees. A.
pandureforme, H.M. B. erased Li AB
sodomeeoides, O. Kuntze. D. Oe a ETT,
sodomeeum, Linn. D. 7 Nicotiana, Linn.
tomentosum, L. Bake glauca, BR. Graham. ?
92
ORDER CXV. SCROPHULARIACEZ.
A large Order, whose members are chiefly fonnd in temperate
climates, more rare in tropical ones, and in cold and Alpine regions
almost absent. Some of the species possess medicinal properties, the
most useful of them being the * Foxglove,” Digitalis purpurea, pre-
parations of which are in frequent use. It is. nevertheless, a dangerous
plant to use except under medical advice. The Brazilian shrub,
Brunfelsia uniflora. is a plant often seen in cultivation. Its bark is
poisonous, and has been called ‘* vegetable mercury.” A few others
have been used medicinally, but none are of much importance. Our
indigenous species vary in size from the minute Ilysanthes nana,
which is scarcely 2 inches in height, to Halleria lucida and Anastrabe
integerrima, which are small trees, and have been used for building
purposes. Other genera contain handsome, flowering plants, and
Buttonia natalensis is, perhaps. one of our most ornamental climbers ;
but hitherto, so far as we are aware, all efforts to cultivate it have
been unsuccessful, It is most likely parasitical on some roots, as are
the “ Witchweeds,” known to the natives as “ Isona,” which are found
in mealie fields and are parasitical on the roots of the mealies and
other species of the grass family. They are different species of the
genus Striga. Some, if not all of the species of Harveya and Cycnium,
have also the reputation of being parasitical.
Number of species about 2000.
KEY TO THE TRIBES.
Leaves all alternate.
Leaves all opposite (in the Natal species).
Leaves (at least the lower) opposite.
Leaves opposite or alternate.
1 Corolla tube widened into a long throat, two
back lobes outermost in bud. Capsule
> GO DD
septicidally 2-valved. APTOSIMEE.
2 Corolla lobes flat, back one interior in bud. Under-
shrubs. not parasitic. DIGITALEZ.
3 Corolla resupinate, bifoveolate, bicalearate or
bisacculate at base, back lobes outermost in
bud. Capsule septicidal. HEMIMERIDE.
3 Corolla without pocket or spur, two back
lobes outermost in bud. Fruit capsular and
septicidal, or fleshy and indehiscent. CHELONEZ:
3 Corolla without pocket or spur, back lobes
outermost in bud, anthers cells confluent. °
Capsule septicidal. NEMIE2.
3 Corolla without pocket or spur, back lobes
outermost in bud. Anther cells distinct or
confluent at apex. Fruit capsular, loculi-
cidal, septicidal, or subindehiscent. GRATIOLEZ.
95
4 Corolla sacculate, foveolate or spurred at base.
two back lobes outermost in bud. Capsule
loculicidal, or dehiscing by pores or slits
from or near the apex.
4 Corolla lobes flat, not saccate, not spurred, one
or both back lobes interior in bud. Herbs
mostly parasitical or half parasitical.
KEY TO GENERA.
APTOSIMEZ.
Low shrubs. Stamens 4, all the anthers perfect.
Capsule ovoid-conical, acute, compressed at
apex. The only Natal genus.
DIGITALE/:.
Leaves opposite. Corolla tube very short, 4-lobed,
lobes patent. Stamens 2. Capsule loculi-
cidal. The only Natal genus.
HEMIMERIDEAS.
Corolla not resupinate (in Natal species). Stamens 4,
front pair sometimes sterile. The only
Natal genus.
CHELON EK.
Leaves decussate, fleshy. Flowersred. Fruit fleshy,
indehiscent.
Leaves usually ternately verticillate, sub-coriaceous.
Flowers white or tinged with pink. Fruit
capsular, septicidal.
Leaves opposite, not decussate. Fruit baccate,
indehiscent.
Leaves opposite, not decussate. Fruit capsular,
septicidal.
1 Calyx 3-5 cleft. Corolla tube much longer than
calyx. Tree.
1 Calyx 5-partite. Corolla not much longer than
calyx. Undershrub.
2 Flowers large, orange to dull purple. Under-
shrub.
2 Flowers smaller, yellow with reddish faint mark-
ings. ‘Tree.
NEMIEA,
Bracts free from calyx and pedicel.
Bracts adnate to calyx or pedicel.
ANTIRRHINIDE2.
GERRARDIEZ.
PELIOSTOMUM.
VERONICA.
DIASCIA.
DERMATOBOTRYS.
BowkERrIA.
H ALLERIA.
TEEDIA.
PHYGELIUS.
’ ANASTRABE.
io =
94.
1 Flowers usually (not always) cymose rather than
simply racemose. Style filiform, apex sub-
clavate.
1 Flowers usually axillary or simply racemose,
sometimes cymose. Style filiform, shortly
2 lobed at apex.
2 Calyx equally 5-cleft or 5-partite.
2 Calyx bipartite or bilabiate.
GRATIOLEA.
Filaments all on corolla tube about or below its
middle. Capsule loculicidal.
Filaments all on corolla tube about or below its
middle. Fruit subindehiscent.
Filaments inserted on upper part of corolla tube.
Capsule septicidal.
ANTIRRHINE AG.
Corolla with only one pit, pocket, or spur, at the
base; back lp undivided or emarginate ;
front lip 4-lobed. Capsule compressed.
Septicidal.
Capsule with only one spur at the base, back lip
bilobed, front lip trilobed. Capsule sub-
globose, or subquadrate, not much com-
pressed, loculicidal.
GERRARDIE 2.
Stamens 4, anthers 2-celled, both cells fertile.
Stamens 4, anthers 2-celled, one cell barren.
Stamens 4, anthers 1-celled.
1 Leaves mostly scale-like.
1 Stamens approximating in pairs.
natisect. Climber.
1 Stamens 2 or all approximating in pairs.
Leaves narrow or cut into narrow segments.
1 Stamens included. Anthers free. Erect or
prostrate
2 Capsule straight, limb of corolla short, 5-fid.
2 Capsule straight, limb of corolla short, 2-labiate,
tube abruptly bent above the middle.
2 Capsule straight, limb of corolla large, tube gently
curved.
2 Capsule ovate, obliquely rostrate.
Leaves pin-
MANULEBA.
SuTERA.
PHYLLOPODIUM.
ZALUZIANSKYA.
Mimuuwvs.
LIMOSELLA.
ILYSANTHES.
NEMESIA.
Dict.ts.
MELASMA.
HaARVEYA.
BUTTONIA.
SopuBia,
Bopusta.
BUuCHNERA.
STRIGA.
CyYcNnIUM.
RAAMPHICARPA.
—~
1 Peliostomum, Bth
ealycinum; N ££. Brown.
2 Diascia, Link § Ott.
capsularis, Bth.
-ecordata, N. H. Brown.
expolita, Hiern.
purpurea, N. EF. Brown
racemulosa, Bth.
rigescens, 4#.M.
rotundifolia, Hiern.
3 Nemesia, Vent.
albiflora, N. #. Brown.
eynanchifolia, Bth.
Flanagani, Hiern.
foetens, Vent.
floribunda, Lehm.
melissefolia, Bth.
4 Diclis, Bth.
petiolaris, Brh.
reptans, Bth.
5 Dermatobotrys, Bolus.
Saundersii, Bolus.
6 Halleria, Linn.
lucida, Linn.
7 Teedia, Burch.
lucida, Rudol phi.
8 Phygelius, #.M.
aequalis, Harv.
9 Anastrabe, #.M.
integerrima, #.M.
10 Bowkeria Harv.
Gerrardiana, Harv.
natalensis, Schinz.
simpliciflora, MacOwan.
triphylla, Harv.
velutina, Harv,
95
List or SpErcrss.
A.
11 Manulea, Linn.
crassifolia, Bth. Ch.
parviflora, Bth. AE.
thrysiflora, L. ‘A.
12 Sutera, Roth.
arcuata, Hiern. F.
atropurpurea, Hiern. D.
aurantiaca, Hiern. E.F.Z.
brachiata, Hiern. ?
bracteolata, Hiern. ?
breviflora, Hzern. CF.
brunnea, Hiern. De
Burkeana, Hern. 9
coerulea, Hiern. F.
compta, Hiern. E.
crassicaulis, Hiern. EF.
floribunda, Hiern. AR.
grandiflora, Hiern. ?
humifusa, Hiern. BC.
Kraussiana. Hiern. AC.
luteiflora, Hiern. DE.
montana, S. Moore, EF.
natalensis, D, Kuntze. A.
neglecta (Wood § Evans),
1ern. EF.
noodsbergensis, Hiern. Gy
palustris, Hiern. ?
pallescens, Hiern... CD.
pinnatifida, O. Kuntze. B.
platysepala, Hiern. BZ.
polensis, Hiern. F.
13 Phyllopodium, Bth.
bracteatum, Bth. A.
14 Zaluzianskya, F. W. Schmidt.
capensis, Walp. DE.
distans, Hiern. HF.
goseloides, Diels. EF.
maritima, Walp. AE.
microsiphon, K. Schum. ¥.
ovata, Walp. E.
15 Mimulus, Linn. ©
gracilis, R. Br, AF,
96
16 Limosella, Linn. 21 Buttonia, McKen.
aquatica, Linn. AF. natalensis, McKen. AB.
grandiflora, bth. BC,
longiflora, O. Kuntze. F 2? Sopubia, Hamilt.
maior, Diels, BE’ cana, Harv. AE.
* simplex, Hochst. AB.
17 Ilysanthes, Rafin. trifida, Hamiit, D.
conferta, Hiern. F.
longiflora, O. Kuntze. ? 23 Bopusia, Presi,
nana, Hngl, BF scabra, Presi, AE.
riparia, Lafin. AC.
24 Buchnera, Linn.
18 Veronica, Tourn. dura, Bth. AB.
anagallis, Linn. D- glabrata, Bth. AE,
19 Melasma, Berg. 25 Oycnium, 4.M.
capense, Hiern, CF. adonense, #/.M. AE.
indicum, Wettst. - Dy Huttoniz, Hiern, Op.
natalense, Hiern. iy racemosum, Bth. BF,
orobanchoides, Engl. AD. .
scabrum, Berg. AF, 26 Bhamphicarpa, Bth.
sessiliflorum, Hiern. AC, Raraleu an E
losa, Bth. AE.
20 Striga, Lowr. ey eee
elegans, Bth. AE. 27 Harveya, Hook.
Forbesu, Bth. BE, Bolusii, O. Kuntze. ?
Junodii, Schinz. HF. coccinea, Schltr. AF.
lutea, Dour, AE. purpurea, Harv, B19
orobanchoides, Bth. AK. speciosa, Bernh. AK.
Thunbergii, Bth. AE. squamosa, Steud. A,
ORDER CXVIT. LENTIBULARINEAS,
A small Order including 4 genera, two only of which are repre-
sented in Natal. The genus Utricularia, which is by far the largest
genus of the four, takes its name from the bladder-like organs usually
found on the submerged leaves of the completely aquatic species. Of
these organs De Candolle says: ‘‘ These bladders are rounded and
furnished with a kind of movable operculum. In the young plant
they are filled with a mucus heavier than water, and the plant, sub-
merged by this ballast, remains at the bottom, ‘Towards the flowering
season the leaves secrete a gas which enters the utricles, raises the
operculum and drives out the mucus, when the plant, now furnished
with aerial bladders, rises slowly and floats on the surface, and then
flowers. ‘This accomplished, the leaves again secrete mucus, which
replaces the air in the utricles, and the plant redescends to the bottom
and ripens its seeds in the place where they are to be grown.” (De
Candolle. Vegetable physiology). Some, however, of our indigenous
species are found on moist rocks and similar places, where there is
97
seldom, if ever, sufficient water to float them, and they are often found
on perpendicular rocks, down which the water trickles.
Some of the European species have been employed medicinally,
but their use is now almost, if not quite, discontinued.
Number of species about 180,
Calyx of 2 sepals. Utricles bladder-like, ovoid or
globose. ; UTRICULARIA.
Calyx deeply 5-partite. Utricles tubular with 2 spirally
twisted arms. GENLISEA.
List or SpEcIEs.
1 Utricularia, Linn. stellaris, Linn, AB.
exoleta, ht. Br. AF. tribracteata, Hochst. A.
foliosa, Linn. ?
livida, #.M. AD.
prehensilis, #.M. 2 Genlisea, A. St. Hil.
Sandersonil, Oliv. AB. hispidula, Stapf, ?
ORDER CXIX. GESNERACE.
Another small Order, one genus only of which is represented in
our flora. Plants of the family have little, if any, economic value;
but many are highly ornamental, and are largely cultivated for their
beauty. From Streptocarpus Wendlandii of Natal, and S. Dunnii of
Transvaal, hybrids of great excellence have been produced, and are
now in cultivation in Europe. Other species have also been utilised
for the same purpose.
Number of species about 700.
Stemless herbs, with scape-like peduncles. STREPTOCARPUS.
List oF SPECIEs.
1 Streptocarpus, Ld. polyanthus, Hook. AC.
angustilobus, N.#.B. F. prolixa, C. B. Clarke, B.
Cooperi, 0. B. Clarke. EF, Pusilla, Harv. F.
Daviesii, N. #. Brown. Z. Rexii, Lidl. B.D.Z.
Fanninie, Harv. CD. Saundersii, Hook. B.
grandis. Z,. tubiflos, C. B. Clarke. BZ.
Haygarthii, N.H#.B. 7. Wendlandii. Sprenger. Zi
pentherianus, Fritsch. D, Woodii, C. B, Clarke. B.D.
lutea, C B. Clarke. ?
ORDER CXX. _BIGNONIACEA.
An Order confined to tropical and subtropical countries, and
quite absent from Europe. Many of the species are cultivated for
ornament; and in their native countries some have been used medi-
cinally, Jacaranda mimosaefolia, in addition to being a very orna-
98
mental flowering tree, is said to yield a handsome and valuable wood.
The wood of some of the climbing species represents in section a sort
of Maltese cross, resulting from the unequal development of the layers
of liber. The well-known Bignonia capreolata has this peculiarity.
Two genera only are represented in Natal, each by a single species,
and neither of them have any economic value,
Number of species about 450.
Ovary 2-celled. Fruit loculicidal. Seeds winged. A
rambling shrub. ‘TECOMARIA.
Ovary l-celled. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds not winged,
A tree. KIGELIA.
List or SPEcIEs.
1 Tecomaria, Spach. 2 Kigelia, DC.
capensis, Spach. AB. pinnata, DC. CD. .
ORDER CXXI, PEDALINEZ.
A small tropical Order, one species only of which is really indi-
genous in Natal, Sesamum, which is included here and also in the
Flora capensis, is really, | think, an introduced plant, and is cultivated
by the natives. Two species only of the family are of much economic
value. They are Sesamwm indicum and S. ordentale. Their seeds
yield a valuab'e oi', chiefly used in the manufacture of soap. These
plants are largely cultivated in India and on the East coast of Africa.
Several species of Martynia bear curious hooked seed vessels, and are
not uncommon in cultivation. Uncaria procumbens, the ‘‘ Grapple”
plant of South Africa, formerly included in this Order, has now been
removed to the Order Rubiacezee. Our only species of the Order is a
somewhat showy weed when in flower, and has lately been introduced
into cultivation at home.
Number of species about 40.
Capsule acute or acuminate at apex. SESAMUM.
Capsule 5-horned at apex. CERATOTHECA,
List oF SPECIES.
1 Sesamum, Linn. 2 Oeratotheca, Endl.
indicum, D.C. A. triloba, H.M. AB.
ORDER CXXII ACANTHACEA,
A large and well-known family, which is represented all over the
world, except in the coldest climates. None of the species are used
medicinally in Europe, though in the countries where they are
indigenous they are sometimes employed as tonics, febrifuges, ete.
In India one species has some reputation as a remedy for rheumatism,
and another yields the blue “Room” dye. A French tonic, “ Drogue
amere,”’ is the tincture of Justicia paniculata with other ingredients
added. Acanthus mollis is the plant whose leaves have been copied
99
as ornaments for the Corinthian pillars. The roots of Rhinacanthus
communis, boiled in milk, have been used for the cure of ringworm,
and also for snake bites.
The Order includes from 1300 to 1400 species.
KEY TO TRIBES.
Corolla lobes twisted in bud. Calyx minute, annular.
Corolla lobes twisted in bud. Style 2-fid, one of
the lobes often tooth-like or obsolete. Calyx
or bracteoles often conspicuous.
Corolla imbricate in bud, unilabiate.
Corolla imbricate in bud, 2-labiate or sub-equal.
Style equally 2-fid or sub-entire.
KEY TO GENERA.
A. THUNBERGIE.
Calyx small, hidden by two leafy bracts.
B. RUELLIEA.
Ovules 3 or more in each cell of the ovary.
Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary.
1 Capsules with seeds in upper part, cylindric
and solid at base.
2 Placenta not rising elastically from base of the
capsule.
2 Placenta rising elastically from base of capsule.
3 Stamens 4, perfect.
5 Stamens 2, with or without rudiments of others,
4 Floral leaf containing 3-1 ebracteate flowers.
C. ACANTHE.
Calyx 4-parted, segments unequal. Undershrubs,
often spiny.
Calyx 5-parted, segments sub-equal. Shrubs with-
out spines.
Calyx 5-parted, segments unequal. Undershrubs,
not spiny.
D. JUSTICIEA.
Corolla funnel or salver shaped, imbricate.
Corolla 2-labiate.
1 Calyx segments 4, the two lateral ones narrower.
1 Calyx segments 5, sub-equal.
3 Flowers in dense involucrated heads.
3 Flowers spicate or paniculate or racemose.
Stamens 4.
3 Flowers in terminalracemes. Stamens 2, fertile.
2 Stamens 2, anthers 1-celled.
2 Stamens 2, anthers 2-celled.
A. THUNBERGIEZ
B. RvuELLicz.
C. ACANTHES.
D. JusticiEz.
'THUNBERGIA.
1
2
RUELLIA.
3
4
DISCHORISTE.
CHATACANTHUS.
PHAYLOPSIS.
BLEPHARIS.
SCLEROCHITON.
_ CROSSANDRA.
]
2
BARLERIA.
3
CRABBEA.
ASYSTASIA.
Mackaya.
Ou
4 Staminodes 2.
4 Staminodes none.
RuttTya.
HYPOESTES.
5 Lower anther cell spurred. Seeds usually 4,
rough or tubercled.
5 Lower anther cell spurred.
usually shining.
5 Lower anther cell not spurred.
6 Bracts longer than calyx.
6 Bracts shorter than calyx.
JUSTICIA.
Seeds 2, smvoth,
MonecHMA.
aon
7 Capsule short, the septum in ripe fruit breaking
off from valves.
7 Capsule long, septum persistent.
7 Capsule long, septum persistent.
DICLIPTERA.
PERISTROPHE.
ADHATODA,
Herbaceous.
Shrubs.
8 Corolla tube short, back lobe erect, front lobe
convex, rugose.
8 Corolla tube long, back lobe linear, recurved.
TsoGLOSSA.
KHINACANTHUS.
List oF SpEcIEs.
1 Thunbergia, Linn.
alata, Bojer, A.
aspera, Nees. A.
atriplicifolia, .M. A-E.
Dregeana, Nees. AB.
hirtistyla, C. B. Clarke.
natalensis, Hook. B
pondoensis, Lindau. AZ.
purpurata, Harv. B.
sericea, sp ?
venosa, U. B. Clarke. BC,
2 Ruellia, Linn.
Baurii, C. B. Clarke. B.
malacophylla, C. B. Clarke. ?
ovata, T’hb. C.
patula, Jacq. B.
Woodii, C. B. Clarke. C-E.
Zeyheri, T. And. C
8 Dyschoriste, Nees.
depressa, Nees. A.
4 Ohzetacanthus, Nees.
Burchellii, Nees. A-E.
glandulosus, Nees. A.
Persoonii, Nees. A
5 Phaylopsis, Willd.
longifolia, Sims. A.
parviflora, Willd. A.
6 Blepharis, Juss.
angusta, 7’. And.
boerhaavifolia, Pers.
dilatata, C. B. Clarke.
longispica, C. B. Clarke.
molluginifolia, Pers.
pruinosa, Engl.
setosa, Nees.
ow
FO
~PrAdow
7 Sclerochiton, Harv.
Harveyanus, Nees. A-B Z.
8 Orossandra, Salish.
Greenstockii, S. Moore. 1,
9 Barleria, Linn.
barbata, H.M. AB.
cinereicaulis, N. H. Brown. CD.
elegans, S, Mocre. A.
Gueinzii, Sond. ?
macrostegia, Nees. D,
Meyeriana, Nees. AB.
mucronata, Lindau. C.
obtusa, Nees. D.
ovata, #.M.. C
Woodii, C. B. Clarke. B
10 Orabhea, Harv.
hirsuta, Harv. AB.
nana, Nees. C-E.
pedunculata, N. H. Brown. AB.
10]
11 Mackaya, Harv. 17 Rhinacanthus, Nees.
bella, Harv. AB. communis, Nees. AB.
12 Asystasia, Blume. Ae
coromandeliana, Nees. A-C. 18 Dicliptera Juss.
natalensis, C. B Clarke. ? clinopodia, Nees. C.
Schimperi, 7, And. A. heterostegia, Nees. A.
varia, N. H. Brown. Z Quintasu, Lindau. EK.
13 Ruttya, Harv.
cn ae AB. 19 Peristrophe, Nees.
Ra! Hensii, C. B. Clarke. A.
14 Justicia, Linn. natalensis, 7’. And. ?
betonicoides, C, B. Clarke. AB.
campylostemon, 7’. And. A-O: 20 Hypoestes, R. Br.
cheiranthifolia, C. B, Clarke. ? antennitees..S. Moore AB.
gs fem. Dse Scarclerata ah Fir. : A-F.
atilal teen A. phaylopsoides, 8. Moore. C.
raussil, C. B. Clarke. AB. triflora, R. § Sch. EF.
petiolaris, HM. A-B. verticillaris R. Br.
pulegioides, #.M, AB
rotundifolia, #.M. F
Woodii, 0. B. Clarke. eee ee.
ciliata, Lindau. A.
15 Monechma, Hochst. Cooperi, C. B. Clarke ?
Athesstonei. C. B. Clarke. D. delicatula, e E.
bracteatum, Hochst. A. Eckloniana, Lindau. C.
fimbriatum, C. B. Clarke. ? Grantii, C. B. Clarke. A.
° hypoestiflora, Lindau A.
16 Adhatoda, Nees. Macowanii, C. B. Clarie. C.
Andromeda, CU. B. Clarke. A. ovata, Lindl. A.
Duvernoia, e A. stipitata, C. B. Clarke. A.
natalensis, Nees. B. Woodii, a AB.
ORDER CXXIV. SELAGINEA.
A small family containing 10 genera only, of which six or seven
are almost confined to Central and South Africa—one Asian and one
from the Mediterranean region and the Canary Islands. In Natal we
have three genera only. MHebenstreitia is wholly South African.
Walafrida has an outlying species in Madagascar. Some of the species
are ornamental and in cultivation, but none are of any economic value.
The flowers of Hebenstreitia dentata are said to have no scent in the
morning, a strong and disagreeable one at noon, and a pleasant one
in the evening,
Number of species about 240,
Calyx and corolla cleft in front. Carpels 2, very
unequal. HEBENSTREITIA.
Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla limb 5-fid. Carpels subequal. SExaco.
Calyx 5-cleft or parted. Corolla 5-lobed. WALAFRIDA.
102
List or SpEoI£s.
1 Hebenstreitia, Linn.
comosa, Hochst. AB. corymbosa, Linn. ?
dentata, Linn. BC. hyssopifolia, E.M. A-D,
elongata, Bolus. DE. lithospermoides, Rolfe. ?
fruticosa, S7ms. C. longiflora, » C
integrifolia, Linn. A. longipedicellata, 9 Z
polystachya, Harv. BC. monticola, Wood §& Evans. F
. natalensis, Holfe. B.
2 Walafrida, #.M. pachypoda, Rolfe. EF.
densiflora, Rolfe. BE. peduncularis, HM. A
Nachtigali, Rolfe. ? Sandersoni, Kolfe. EF
Saundersiz, ,, ?
3 Selago, Linn. Schlechteri, ,, )
aggregata, Folfe. CO; trinervia, H.M. A.
capitellata, Schltr. ? villicalyx, folfe. CTE
Cooperi, Rolfe, F. Woodii, _ B.
ORDER CXXV. VERBENACEA.
Perhaps the most useful member of this family is T'ectona grandis,
which yields the wood commonly known as Teak.
bo
B. SATUREINE.
Corolla subequally 4-lobed. Stamens equal.
Corolla 2-labiate, upper lip erect, lower 3-lobed,
spreading. Stamens didynamous.
OcIMOIDE®.
SATUREINER.
MoNARDE2.
A.
B.
C.
D. StacHyDE2.
E.
AJUGOIDER.
Oo bo e
MoscnHosma,
Ocimum,
ORTHOSIPHON.
SYNCOLOSTEMON.
PLECTRANTHUS.
CoLeus.
Hos.unpia.
AEOLANTHUS.
PycnostTacuys
Hyptis.
MENTHA.
MICROMERIA.
105
C. MONARDEA.
Calyx and corolla 2-labiate. Fertile anther cell at
summit of the connective. SALvIA.
D. STACHYDEA,
Calyx subequally 5-fid. Style 2-fid, lobes subulate. Sracnys,
Calyx 8-10 toothed. Style very unequally 2-fid.
Lower lip of corolla 3-fid, medial lobe large. Levoas.
Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla and style asin Leucas. Lastocorys.
Calyx 10-toothed. Style unequally 2-fid. Upper
lobe of corolla much the largest. LEONOTIS.
KE. AJUGOIDEA.
Upper lip of corolla 4-parted, lower larger, concave. Trvorium.
Upper lip of corolla emarginate, lower 3-fid. AJUGA.
1 Ocimum, Linn.
obovatum, H.M. AD. coloratus, ELM. B.
obtusifolium, #,M. AB. dolichopodus, Briquet. uh
rariflorum, Hochst. B. Draconis, Briquet. we
suave, Wzlld. ABZ esculentus, N. HE. Brown. 5B.
elegantulus, Briquet. C.
2 Moschosma, Iter] : i
= moschosma, fein. floribundus, N. £. Brown. Ri:
riparia, Hochst. AB. grallatus, Briquet. E.
ndidentatus, Gurke. iF.
3 Orthosiphon, Bth. ron Corer ee
. unzel, Gurke., ?
inconcinnus, Briquet. C. laxiflorus, Bih. B.
macranthus, Gurke. EF. mairubioides, Hochst. Z.
natalensis, % DE. nummularis, Briquet. Uy
Se % oh . natalensis, Gurke. C.
oodll, . pachystachys, Briquet. K.
4 Syncolostemon, H.M. petiolaris, #.M. A.
Gayest 9 pretervisus, Briq. DE.
Seat purpuratus, Hurv. B.
Seimirtas Ae I B . Rehmanni, Gurke. 1).
BEeeo hell, pel E. saceatus, Bth, ACS:
cle a eae I Schlechteri, Brig wet. E.
parviflorus, Bih. B. Ginioviiosna Leek AB
ramulosus, ELM, A. Woodii awk ) Q.
rotundifolius, #.M. B. ‘ :
Woodii, Gurke. E. 6 Coleus, Lour.
5 Plectranthus, L’ Herit. sp. (J. M. Wood No. 4840). CG.
arthropodus, Briquet.
calycinus, Brh. BC. 7 Hoslundia, Vahl.
ciliatus, #.M. AB. decumbens, Bth. Z.
List OF SPECIES,
8 Aeolanthus, Mart.
canescens, Gurke.,
parviflorus, Beh.
9 Pycnostachys, Hk.
reticulata, Bth.
Schlechteri, Brig.
10 Hyptis, Jacq.
pectinata. Poir.
11 Mentha, Linn.
aquatica, Linn.
sylvestris, Linn.
viridis.
12 Micromeria, Bth.
pilosa, Bth.
13 Salvia, Linn.
natalensis, Schinz.
obtusata, T'hb.
Schlechteri, Gurke.
stenophylla, Burch.
triangularis, Thb.
Woodu, Gurke.
14 Stachys, Linn.
ethiopica, Linn.
Bachmannii, Gurke.
caffra, H.M
germanica, Linn.
grandifolia, #.M.
F.
BC.
AC,
AB.
106
hyssopioides, Burch.
Kunzei, Gurke.
leptoclada, Briq.
lupulina, ,,
nigricans, Bth.
petrogenes, Brig.
rivularis, W & LH.
sessilifolia, #.M,
sessilis, Gurke.
tubulosa, MacOwan.
15 Leucas, R. Br.
glabrata, Br.
martinicensis, R. Br.
16 Lasiocorys, Bth.
capensis, Bth.
17 Leonotis, Persoon.
dubia, H.M.
laxifolia, MacOwan.,
latifolia, Gurke.
leonurus, Brown.
malacophylla, Gurke.
urticifolia, Brig.
18 Teucrium, Linn.
capense, ‘l'hb.
riparium, Hochst.
19 Ajuga, Linn.
ophrydis, Burch.
ORDER CXXVII. PLANTAGINEAL.
Io
RO
BE.
A small Order composed of three genera only, two of which are
monotypic, and are not represented in South Africa, the remainder of
the family being included in the genus Plantago, which gives the
name to the Order.
countries, and more rare in the tropics.
The species are most common in temperate
Many species of Plantago
have been and still are used medicina'ly, and some are used in salads,
One at least of our indigenous species is used medicinally by the
natives.
Number of species probably more than 100,
Stamens much exserted. Flowers 4-merous, spicate.
PLANTAGO.
107
List oF SPECIES.
1 Plantago, Linn. major, Linn. ?
Dregeana, Dene. Ne sp. (Woou 4049). Le
lanceolata, Linn. 1: sp.( ,, 8858). F.
ORDER CXXVIII. NYCTAGINEA.
A small family, one genus only of which is indigenous in Natal.
Two, however, of the exotic genera are well known. ‘The first,
Bougainvillea, is a native of South America, and is common in our
gardens, the other is Mirabilis Jalapa, or ‘“‘ Marvel of Peru,” which
was probably brought by the early settlers, and may occasionally be
seen in a semi-wild state in the vicinity of the towns. Its roots are
said to be purgative and emetic. Several species of Boerhaavia have
also been used medicinally, but they are not of much value Our
species bear rather pretty flowers. but have no economic value, nor
are they used by the natives in any way.
Number of species more than 200.
Calyx jointed in the middle. Upper part 5-fid. BorRHAayiA.
List oF SPECIES.
1 Boerhaavia, Linn.
ascendens, Willd. A.
pentandra, Burch. C.
ORDER CXXIX. ILLECEBRACEA.
A small Order chiefly confined to temperate portions of the
Northern hemisphere. None of the species are of any economic value.
Two genera, each represented by a single species, occur in Natal.
Both are useless weeds
Number of species about 90,
Ovary 2-4 ovuled. Leaves sub-verticiilate. POLLICHIA.
Ovary 1 ovuled, Leaves alternate. CoRRIGIOLA.
List oF SPEcIEs.
1 Pollichia, Solander. 2 Corrigiola, Linn.
campestris, Solander. BLD: littoralis, Linn. AB.
ORDER CXXX, AMARANTACE.
The plants of this Order are chiefly tropical or subtropical, but
few being found in temperate, and none in cold climates. Some
species of Amarantus and Celosia are common in cultivation, and are
known as ‘‘ Cockscombs.” Several species of Iresine and Alternathera
are cultivated on account of their coloured or variegated foliage. The
Jeaves of some species of Amarantus are used like spinach in different
countries, and our A, Thunbergii, better known as im-Buya, is often
108
used in this way
A, UNIOVULATE.
Several monandrous and a single female flower ina
fleshy 4-5-lobed involucre Bracteoles linear. | EUPHORBIA.
Several monandrous and a single female flower in a
hyaline 5-lobed involucre. Stamens in 5
fascicles. Bracteoles linear, lacerate. SYNADENIUM,
Staminate and pistillate flowers separate.
1 Staminate (and sometimes pistillate) flowers with
petals. 2
117
1 Staminate flowers without petals. 4
2 Stamens united in a central column. 3
2 Stamens free. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, clawed. Croton.
3 Stamens 10, petals longer than calyx. JATROPHA.
3 Stamens 5, petals short. CLUYTIA,
4 Stamens many. 5
4 Stamens few (seldom more than 20). 6
5 Stamens polyadelphous, filaments branched. Ricinus.
5 Stamens monadelphous. Flowers enclosed in 2
leafy bracts. DaALECHAMPIA.
5 Stamens free. Flowers diccious. Sepals 2-4,
valvate. CLAOXYLON.
5 Stamens free. Flowers dicecious. Sepals 5, im-
bricate. GELONIUM.
6 Ovary 2-celled, capsule 2-coccous. 7
6 Ovary 3-4-celled, capsule 3-4-coccous. 9
7 Tree with large, rounded petiolate leaves. MALLotvs.
7 Slender herbs.
8 Stamens 4-7. Flowers racemose. Leaves alternate. Lemnsia.
8 Stamens 2-3. Flowers cymose or paniculate. Leaves
alternate. SEIDELIA.
9 Stamens 1-8. 10
9 Stamens 8-16. 1
10 Male perianth 3-parted, female 3-8-parted, pectinate-
pinnatifid. TRAGIA.
10 Perianth 3-fid, or parted. Trees or shrubs. EXCG@CARIA.
11 Styles 3, divergent, multifid, coloured. ACALYPHA.
11 Styles 3, deeply 2-fid. ADENOCLINE.
B. BIOVULATE.
Flowers with petals. Calyx 5-fid. Trees. BriDELIA.
Flowers without petals.
| Stamens many, united in a central column sur-
rounded by glands. 2
1 Stamens free. 3
2 'Trees or shrubs, CYcLOSTEMON,
2 Herbs or undershrubs. PHYLLANTHUS.
3 Dicecious. Ovary 2-celled. Fruitadrupe. Small
tree. ANTIDESMA,
3 Moncecious. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit a capsule
- crowned by the style. Shrub. Noropuxts.
List oF SPECIES.
1 Euphorbia, Linn. epicyparissias, #’.M. A.
albovillosa, Paa. ? erubescens, #.M. A-C.
bupleurtfolia, Jacq. nm: ericoides, Lam. ?
cervicornis, Bozss. A. grandidens, Harv. A.
cuspidata, Bernh, F. Gueinzii, Boss A.
Euphorbia, Continued.
hypericifolia, Linn
indica, Lam.
livida, #.M.
natalensis, Bernh.
oxystegia, Boiss.
peplus, Linn.
pilulifera, Linn.
procumbens, Mzll.
rhombifolia, Boiss.
sanguinea. 44.M.
striata, U’hb.
Tiruealli, Z.
sp., (Schlechter, 3245)
sp., (Wood, 4090)
sp., ( 9129)
fynadenium, Boiss.
arborescens, Hk. f.
5 Notobuxus, Oliver.
natalensis, Oliver.
4 Bridelia, Wilid.
micrantha, Planch.
5 Phyllanthus, Linn.
genistoides, Sond.
glaucophyllus, Mezsn.
See er rer
ees
Sh RO
a
Ab.
AB.
AB.
A.
AB.
myrtaceus, ? G@.& McK., 1162 ?
A
tenellus. Rowb.
sp. (J, M. Wood, 855, 1765) AB.
sp. ( "e
sp. ( ay
6 Cyclostemon, Blume.
argutus, Mull. Arg.
natalensis, Oliv.
7 Antidesma, Linn.
venosum, H.M.
8 Jatropha, Kth.
hirsuta, Hochst.
natalensis, Mull. Arg.
Zeyheri, Sond.
4268) DE.
4414)
C.
AL.
CD.
9 Oroton, Linn.
gratissimum, Burch.
sylvaticus, Hochst.
10 Oluytia, Ait.
alaternoides, Linn.
heterophylla, Thb.
hirsuta, Mull, Arg.
natalensis, Berhn.
ovalis, Sond.
pulchella, Linn,
Schlechteri, Paz.
sp (J. M. Wood, 1990)
sp. (Govt. Herb.) 8782)
sp. (J. M, Wo d 8874)
11 Olaoxylo , Jussiew.
capense, Bazil.
sp. (J. M. Wood, 1391, 1089)
12 Leidesia, Mull. Arg.
capensis, Mull. Arg.
13 Seidelia, Baill,
mercurialis, Baill.
14 Adenocline, Turez.
mercurialis, Lwrcz.
pauciflora, Turez.
serrata, T'urez.
15 Acalypha, Linn.
angusta, Sond.
glabrata. Thb.
Eekloni, Bazil.
peduncularis, Mezsn.
petiolaris, Krauss.
Schluzii, Paz,
sp. (/..M. Wood, 1241)
sp. ( @ 4552)
Bp. ( a 4103)
sp. ( > 404)
sp. (Govt. Herb., 3737)
16 Mallotus, Lour.
capensis, Mull, Arg.
ead WO
> ty
NNW. OmOt
AZ.
se
AB.
ped)
119
17 Ricinus, Linn. sp, (J. M. Wood, 991) B.
communis, Linn. A-C. sp, ( » 7534) C.
Se TRUE 20 Tragia, Linn.
oe Come eae durbanensis, O. Kwntze. A.
capensis, Spreng. AB. Schlechteri, Pax, A.
; sp. (Govt. Herb., 8881) CD.
ae aaa Linn. Sy es , 1570) CD.
africana, Mull. Arg. A.
reticulata, Mull. Arg. A. _ 21 Gelonium, Roxb.
sp, (J. M. Wood, 954) B. africanum, Mull. Arg. A.
ORDER CLIII. URTICACE.
The genus from which this family takes its name is Urtica, and
the common stinging nettle is Urtica dioico; this genus includes some
30 species, most if not all of which are furnished with stinging hairs,
as also are those of some of the nearly related genus Fleurya, but the
most virulent of all of them are probably one or more species of
Laportea, an Australian species of this genus which is said to cause
much suffering or even death to animals which have been much in
contact with it. An Indian species emits when bruised so ‘irritant
an effluvia as to cause a copious flow of saliva and mucus from the nose
and eyes for many hours, and sometimes to produce violent fever, and
a Timor species of Urtica is said to have caused death. The different
species of Morus known popularly as “ Mulberries” belong to this
Order, and are cultivated for their fruit, and also for their leaves
which are used as food for silkworms. The species of Ficus or “ Figs”
are trees or climbing shrubs many of which are parasitical in their
early life, and after having killed their host lead an independant
existence; some of the species yield caoutchouc; the most important of
these is Ficus elastica, a native of India, and some of the other species
are the food plants of the “Lac” insect. What is popularly known as
‘“‘China Grass” is the fibre from the bark of two or more species of
Beehimeria, and is rapidly becoming an important article of commerce.
The ‘‘ Bread-fruit” is Artocarpus incisa, and the “Jack” A. inte-
grifolia, and both belong to this Order, as also does Brosimum
galactodendron, the so-called “* Cow tree” of Venezuela, the useful
properties of which have most likely been greatly exaggerated, as also
have the deleterious properties of Antiaria toaicaria, the “ Upas” tree
about which so many highly coloured reports have been spread.
Finally several species of the Order yield valuable wood, and the bark
of others has been used medicinally.
Number of species about 1500.
Ovules pendulous. A.
Ovules erect. B.
A. OVULES PENDULOUS.
Flowers moneecious or polygamous, cymose or solitary
in the axils. Fruit a drupe. 1
120
Flowers unisexual, enclosed in a fleshy receptacle. Ficus.
Flowers dicecious, males panicled, female sessile. CANNABIS.
1 Flowers polygamous or trimorphous. 2
1 Flowers moneecious. Style arms 2, persistent,
villous. CH2lACHME.
2 Male perianth lobes imbricate. Styles deciduous. CrLtis.
2. Male perianth valvate. Styles feathery, persistent. ‘TREMA.
B. OVULES ERECT.
Male flowers with 3-5 stamens. 1
Male flowers with 1 stamen. Oo
1 Leaves or petioles with stinging hairs. ra
1 Leaves without stinging hairs. 4
2 Leaves opposite. ‘Achenes equal sided. UrrIca.
2 Leaves alternate, Achenes oblique. 3
3 Stigmas ovate or linear. Herbs. FLEURYA.
3 Stigmas penicillate, capitate. Shrubs. URerA.
4 Perianth of female flowers tubular, with 2-4-toothed
orifice enclosing the ovary. PovuzoLsiA,
5 Male and female flowers together in imvolucrated
glomerules. 6
5 Male and female flowers together in nude glomerules. AUSTRALINA.
6 Perianth of male flowers 4, Tarely 3 3-lobed. PARIETARIA.
List or Spsctes.
1 Celtis, Linn. 6 Urtica, Linn.
Kraussiana, Bernh. A-D. urens, Linn. A.
2 Trema, Lowr.
te
bracteolata, Blume. AB. 7. Fleurya, Gaud.
3 Ohatachme, Planch. grossa, Wedd. B.
aristata, Planch. AB. peduncularis, Wedd. b,
nitida, Planch & Harv, 1? sp. (Wood 1880) CD.
4 Qannabis. Linn ka (a8) os
amet sp. (Govt. Herb. 4854) D.
sativa, Linn. A-C,
5 Ficus, Linn. S Urera, Gaud.
capensis, T'hb. ? tenax, N.H.B. AB.
cordata, T'hb. if sp. (J. M. Wood 1803) B.
mapumulo, (err. MSS. B.
natalensis, Hochst. ? 9 Pouzolsia, Gaud.
retusa, Linn. A. ort ce :
sp. (Govt. Herb. 7291) 7, aie usa Wedd. f
p-( 4, » 999) ? 10 Australina, Gaud.
ie (Wood 1361) B. Wedd A
sp. (Sycomorus hirsulus, Sond.) A. acunnpata, WV edd, ;
sp. ( 3 capensis, “Miquel. ed Mees,
sp. (Urostigina lhunbergii, 11 Parietaria, Tourn.
Miquel.) ? pilosa, Willd, ?
121
ORDER CLVIL MYRICACEA.
The genus from which this Order takes its name is the only one
of the family, and includes some 25 species which are widely dis-
tributed. They are shrubs or small trees, the bark of one species has
been used medicinally, and the root of another is emetic and purgative.
The berries of some of the species are covered with a waxy secretion,
and this wax when separated has been, and still no doubt is, used in
the manufacture of candles. Myrica Gale the ‘“‘Sweet Gale” or
‘ Bogwort”’ is the badge of the Campbells. Our indigenous species
have no economic value.
Flowers unisexual. Shrubs with simple serrate leaves. Myrica.
List oF SPECIES.
1 Myrica, Linn. sp. (J. M. Wood 9551). A.
eethiopica, Linn. ? sp. (Govt. Herb. 3598). JD.
sp. (J. M. Wood 985). AB.
ORDER CLX. SALICINA.
A family containing two genera only, Salix the *‘ Willow,” and
Populus the ‘‘ Poplar,” the first named having the largest number of
species. The bark of several species of Salix yield salicine, which is
used medicinally, and the buds of some species of Poplar have also
been used as medicine. ‘The shoots of several species of Salix are
valued as “ Osiers,” and the wood of many species of both genera for
lightness and strength, and is used for many purposes. It is as yet
doubtful whether more than one species is indigenous in Natal.
Number of species 150 to 200.»
A shrub or small tree with narrow linear leaves. SALIX.
L Salix, Linn.
Wood, Seem. DE.
ORDER CLXIU. CERATOPHYLLE.
A small family of aquatic plants including one genus only, and
though 8 or 10 species have been enumerated, it is thought that there
are most likely not more than two or three distinct species. They
have no useful properties, and are quite without value. Our only.
species was found in a stagnant pool near the mouth of the Umgeni,
and it has not been specifically identified on account of the absence
of complete specimens.
A moneecious aquatic plant with elongated branches
and linear leaves. . CERATOPHYLLUM.
1 Oeratophyllum, Lenn.
sp. (J. M. Wood 4000). A.
122
GYMNOSPERMEZ.
Flowers in catkins. ‘Trees. CoNIFEREZ CLXYV.
Flowers in cones. Palm or fern-like plants. CycoapacEx% CLXVI.
ORDER CLXV. CONIFEREA.
A family of trees, rarely shrubs, whose uses are many and various ;
the timber of many of the species is in use all over the world, and is
known as “ Pine,” Deal, Pitch-Pine, &c, Turpentine is obtained by
incissions made in the bark, the products being afterwards refined
Venice Turpentine is a superior kind yielded by Laria ewropea.
Rosin, Pitch and Tar are the produce of many species, and are
obtained from the residuum after the more volatile turpentine has been
extracted. Canada balsam is yielded by Abies balsamina, and Gum
Dammar by the different species of Dammara, natives of New Zealand,
where the trees grow to a large size; their wood is also much used and
is known as ‘‘ Kauri Pine,” a name which is often confused with
‘Karri,’ a valuable wood yielded by Eucalyptus diversicolor. Our
native species of Podocarpus are known as ‘ Yellowwood,” and our
only species of Callitris as ‘‘Cedar’’ or ‘Cypress,’ the latter tree
being found in certain parts of the Drakensberg only.
(ex. Fir. Cypress. YELLOWWwoop).
Ovules solitary or sub-solitary in lax spikes. PopocarPvs.
Ovules at bases of peltate hard scales, arranged in
small capitate cones. CaLLitris.
List oF Sprcins.
1 Oallitris, Vent. 2 Podocarpus, DL Hert.
cupressoides, Schrad. E- elongatus, L’ Herit. A-C.
Thunbergii, Hook. B-E.
ORDER CLXVI. CYCADACEA.
A small Order, two genera of which are found in Natal. The
pith of the stem of some of the species yields a sort of starch, hence
some of them are known as “‘Sago Palms;” the stems of our native
species of Encephalartos are said to have been eaten by the natives in
times of scarcity, but it is a food that could hardly with truth be
called either nutritious or palatable, and the name “ Kafir Bread”
which has been applied to the plants is somewhat misleading The
genus Stangeria is peculiar to South Africa, and is named in honour
of the late Dr. Stanger, one of the earliest to hold the office of Surveyor
General in the Colony.
Number of species about 75.
123
(Ex. Karin Brean.)
Pinne of leaves longitudinally many veined. ENCEPHALARTOS.
Pinnz of leaves mid-ribbed with forked veins. STANGERIA.
List or Sprcigs.
1 Encephalartos, Lehm. longifolius, Lehm. ?
Altensteinu, Lehm. B. villosus, Lehm. B.
brachyphyllus, Lem.
caffer, Mig. BC. 2 Stangeria, 7’. Moore.
Ghellinckii, Zehm. A-E. paradoxa, Moore. AB.
Lehmanii, Lehm. ?
MONOCOTYLEDONS.
ORDER CLXIX. ORCHIDEZ.
But few members of this family have any useful properties, but
the beauty of the flowers of very many species, delicious fragrance, and
gorgeous colouring of others has made them great favourites in culti-
vation, the epiphytal and tropical ones especially so Of the few
having an economic value, the species of Vanilla are the best known,
the fruit capsules are carefully dried. and valued for their delicious
perfume,
a
mA ogy sa)
be
w
b
QWROWEO Soe
be >
Om N be
?
Disa. Continued.
Cooperi. Reichb. C.
crassicornis, Ld!, B.
extinctoria, Acho. B.
frigida, Schltr. F,
leta, ecchb. f. ?
Macowani, fezchb. f. D.
nervosa, Ldl. Bb.
oreophila, Bolus. KE,
patula, Sond. D.
polygonoides. Ldl. A-E.
pulchra, Sond. F.
sagittalis, Sw. ?
saxicola, Schltr. F,
stachyoides, Reichb. f. B-F.
stenoglossa, Bolus. -
stricta, Sond. ?
tripetaloides, N. LH. Brown. BC.
versicolor, Fichb. f, K.
19 Brownleea, Ld.
coerulea, Harv. B.
Galpini, Bolus, ?
monophylla. Schltr. F.
parviflora, Harv. F.
recurvata, Sond. ?
20 Brachycorythis, Ld.
ovata, Hurv. AB.
pubescens, Hurv. BC.
127
21 Schizochilus, Sond.
Gerrardi, Bolus.
Zeyheri, Sond.
22 Pterygodium, Sw.
hastatum, Bolus.
magnum, feichb.
sp. (Govt. Herb. 7169)
23 Disperis, Sw.
anthoceros, Reichb. f.
cardiophora, Harv.
Cooperi,
Fanninie. us
Macowani, Bolus.
oxyglossa, ..,
stenoglossa, Schltr.
Tysoni, Bolus
Wealii, Rezchb.
Woodii, Bolus.
venusta,
9
39
24 Corycium, Sw.
nigrescens, Sond
tricuspidatum, Bolus.
ORDER CLXX. SCITAMINEA,
With this O:der are now incorporated the Order Zingiberacex,
Marantacese, and Musacee,
which are considered to be tribes of
Scitaminez ; the first includes the plants yielding Ginger, Turmeric,
and Cardamoms, the second those yielding Arrowroot, and the third
the Bananas.
The well known Cannas forming a separate tribe
(Canne),—the Order also contains many ornamental plants, but it is
not largely represented in Natal.
Number of species about 450.
(Ex. [npuNGCLU).
Stamen 1.
herbs.
Stamens 5. Perianth segments free.
plants ‘“‘ Wild Banana.”
Pervianth tubular or spathaceous.
Low
Tall banana-like
K 2MPFERIA.
STRELITZIA.
128
List oF SpEctes.
1 Kempferia, Linn. 2 Btrelitzia, At.
natalensis, Schltr. B. Augusta, hb. AB.
ORDER CLXXII. HAIMODORACEZE.
A small family, two genera of which are found in Natal, one of
which is represented by a single species only. The only genus of the
Order having any economic value is Sanseviera, whose leaves yield
the ‘‘ Bowstring Hemp” of commerce which is being cultivated com-
mercially in several parts of the world. We have but two species of
this genus indigenous to the Colony, but another one (S. sw/cata) is
found in the Transvaal.
Number of species 120.
Stamens 3. Perianth tube wanting. BaRBARETTA.
Stamens 6. Perianth tube long, slender. SANSEVIERA.
List or SPECIES.
1 Barbaretta, Harv. 2 Sanseviera, T'hb,
aurea, Harv. C. thyrsiflora, T'hb. AB.
ca Z.
ORDER CLXXIII. IRIDE.
A family which is well represented in South Africa, some of the
genera being quite confined to it. The tubers or rhizomes of many of
the species of Iris have been, and perhaps still are used medicinally,
those of J. florentina are known as Orris root. The stigmas of Crocus
sativa are dried and used as a yellow dye, and «lso medicinally, they
form the “ Saffron’ of commerce. Many of our indigenous species of
the Order bear handsome flowers, more especia'ly those of Gladiclus,
Watsonia and Tritonia, while the tubers of some species of Moreea are
said to be poisonous. and the leaves are called by the Dutch and
Colonists “'Tulp” or “ Tulip,’ and are certainly deleterious to cattie.
Number of species more than 700.
KEY TO SUBORDERS.
Inflorescence corymbose, flowers comparatively fugitive,
generally more than 1 to a spathe. Stamens
opposite to the style-branches, and adpressed to ©
them. A More.
Inflorescence corymbose. Stamens alternate with the
style-branches. B_ SIsYRINCHIEZ.
Inflorescence spicate. Flowers not fugitive, solitary,
each subtended by a pair of spathe valves, C Ixia,
129
KEY TO GENERA.
A. MORE AK.
Style branches large and petaloid, transversly stig-
matose at the base of the large crests.
Style branches petaloid, with two small divergent
crests, papillose round their edges.
B. SISYRINCHIE AL.
Spathes 1-flowered, peduncled.
‘pathes usually more than 1-flowered.
1 Style branches long, subulate.
yellow.
1 Style branches short.
Flowers pale
Flowers blue.
C. IXIEA.
Flowers regular. Stamens
Style branches simple.
equilateral.
Style branches bifid. Stamens unilateral.
Style branches simple. Stamens unilateral, arcuate.
1 Rootstock not tuberous.
1 Rootstock a corm
4 Style short, branches long, subulate.
green.
4 Style long, branches short, clavate. Spathe valves
membranous, entire. Leaves long, rigid.
4 Style long, branches short, subulate. Outer spathe
valve short, brown, emarginate.
2 Perianth tube slender. Stamens in throat.
2 Perianth tube widened in the middle, where
stamens are inserted.
3 Perianth subregular.
3 Perianth irregular.
~ 5 Tube short, cylindrical.
Capsule oblong.
5 Tube short, cylindrical.
Cap-ule inflated.
Spathe valves
Spathe valves small.
Spathe valves small.
5 Tube long, cylindrical. Spathe valves long,
green.
6 Tube funnel-shaped. Spathe valves large, green,
lanceolate.
6 Tube dilated at the middle. Spathe valves oblong-
lanceolate.
List oF SPECIES,
1 Morea, Linn.
glauca, Wood §& Evans.
iridioides, Linn.
natalensis, Baker.
spathacea, Ker.
tenuis, Ker.
tricuspis, Ker.
violacea, Baker.
and
Mora,
HoMerta.
ROMULEA.
BoBARTIA.
ARISTEA.
ScHIZOSTYLIS.
— Go DD
HESPERANTHA.
DIzRAMA.
Txta.
LAPEYROUSIA.
WATSONIA.
TRITONIA.
CrocosMIA.
ACIDANTHERA,
GLADIOLUS;
ANTHOLYZA.
CD.
B.
Dp:
2 Homeria, Vent.
miniata, Sweet.
3 Romulea, Maratti.
rosea, Eckl.
4 Bobartia, Ker.
natalensis, (Regel) Klatt,
5 Aristea, Soland.
anceps, Hekl.
compressa, Buching.
Kekloni, Baker.
flexicaulis, _,,
majubensis, ,,
montana, Ea
paniculata, _,,
schizoleena, Harv.
torulosa, Klatt.
» var. monostachya,
Baker.
6 Schizostylis, Backh § Harv.
coccinea, Backh § Harv.
pauciflora, Klatt.
7 Hesperantha, Ker.
Bauri, Baker.
bifolia, _,,
gracilis, ,.
lactea, _,,
modesta, .,
radiata, Ker.
subexserta, Baker.
Woodii, Baker.
8 Ixia, Linn.
trichorhiza, Baker.
9 Dierama, K. Koch.
pendula, Baker.
», var. pumila, Baker.
pulcherrima, Baker.
10 Lapeyrousea, Powrr,
cruenta, Baker.
D-F,
D.
11 Watsonia, Miller.
densiflora, Baker.
< var, alba.
humilis, Mller.
Meriana, __,,
12 Tritonia, Ker.
Kraussii, Baker.
laxiflora, Bth.
lineata, Ker.
Pottsii, Bth.
rosea. Klatt. .
teretifolia, Baker.
13 Crocosmia, Planch.
aurea, Plunch,
14 Acidanthera, Hochst.
brevicollis, Baker.
platypetala, ,,
15 Gladiolus, Linn.
aurantiacus, Klatt.
crassifolius, Baker.
cruentus, Moore.
dracocephalus, Hk. f.
Eckloni, Lehm.
edulis, Burch.
gracilis, Jacq.
inandensis, Baker.
Junodi, Baker.
Ludwiggii, Pappe.
Papilio, Hook.
platyphyllus, Baker.
psittacinus, Hook.
1 var. Coaperi.
pubescens, Baker.
purpureo-auratus, Hk,
rachidiflorus, Klatt.
salmoneus, Baker.
sericeo-villosus, Hook.
Saundersii, Hk. f.
tritonceformis, O. Kuntze.
Woodii, Baker.
16 Antholyza, Linn.
caffra, Ker.
paniculata, Klatt,
ON!
Q
~ PROPS
bo
2
o
C-E.
131
ORDER CLXXIV. AMARYLLIDEA.
An Order containing a very large proportion of ornamental plants,
some of which, such as the species of Crinum, Clivia, and Hzemanthus
amongst African genera, and Narcissus, Pancratium, Bomarea, and
others among-t foreign genera are very showy, while the Snowdrop
(Galanthus nivalis) and the Snowflake (Leucojum vernum) are more
admired for the gracefulness of their flowers, and the latter for its
scent also. Both are natives of northern climates. Some species of
the family have the reputation of being poisonous, but it is quite possible
that their deleterious properties have in some cases been exagge-
rated. The well-known ‘‘ American Aloe” belongs to this Order, and
is not an Aloe, its correct name being Agave americana; its leaves
yield a very strong fibre, and the Mexicans obtain from its sap a liquid,
which, when fermented is known as “ Pulque,” and is very intoxicating.
What is known locally as “ Mauritius Hemp,” is obtained from one or
more species of Furcrza, plants which are also incorrectly called Aloes;
these plants are also natives of South America, but are being largely
cultivated in many parts of the world.
Number of species about 650.
KEY TO TRIBES.
Rootstock a tunicated corm. Spathe not present.
Flowers usually yellow, hairy outside. A. HypoxIpE@.
Rootstock a tunicated bulb. Flowers usually in an
umbel subtended by a spathe, never hairy
outside. B. AMARYLLE#.
Rootstock not bulbous. Flowers solitary, more or less
glandular outside. C. VELLOZIE#.
KEY TO GENERA.
A, HYPOXIDEAE.
Stamens 6. Perianth withatube. Fruit indehiscent. Curou.ico.
Stamens 6. Perianth without a tube. Fruit a capsule |
with circumscissile dehiscence. Hypoxis.
B. AMARYLLEA.
Anthers basifixed, l
Anthers dorsifixed, versatile. 2
1 Flowers umbellate. Anthers oblong, sagittate.
Perianth with a short tube. ANOIGANTHUS.
1 Flowers umbellate. | Anthers small, globose.
Perianth cut down nearly to base. HEssEA.
1 Flowers solitary. Anthers linear. APODOLIRION.
2 Fruit indehiscent, or bursting irregularly, seeds 1,
or few, bulbiform. 3
2 Fruit a 3-valved capsule. Seeds many, compressed. 4
2 Fruit baccate or capsular. Ovules 2, or few,
clustered at the middle of the placenta. 6
3 Segments of perianth broad. Stamens declinate.
3 Segments of perianth narrow.
4 Perianth with a tube longer than the limb.
4 Perianth cut down to the ovary.
5 Capsule turbinate, acutely angled.
numerous.
5 Capsule globose, obtusely angled.
in cells.
6. Bulb imperfect.
5-6 in each cell
Stamens erect.
Spathe valves several.
132
Crinum.
AMMOCHARIS.
CYRTANTHUS.
5
Ovules
BRUNSVIGIA.
Ovules few
NERINE.
Ovules
CLIivIA.
6 Bulb large, tunicated. Spathe valves several. Ovules
solitary or in collateral pairs.
Spathe valves 2.
6 Fruit capsular.
C. VELLOZIEA.
Perianth cut down tothe ovary. Stamens 6. The only
genus.
VELLOZIA.
List oF Sprctgs.
1 Hypoxis, Linn.
acuminata, Baker. B.
angustifolia, Lam. ?
var. Buchanani, Baker. B.
argentea, Harv.
Baurii, Baker.
brevifolia, Baker.
filiformis, ,,
Gerrardi, ;;
Junodii, -
Kraussiana, Burch
latifolia, Hook.
membranacea, Baker.
millioides, Baker.
multiceps, Buch.
obtusa, Burch.
oligotricha, Baker.
rigidula, Baker.
var. pilosissima, Baker.
Rooperi, Moore.
villosa, Linn.
Woodii, Baker.
2 Cureuligo, Gertn.
plicata, Dryander, f
var. Barberies, Baker. B-E.
3 Anoiganthus, Baker.
breviflorus, Baker. B-C.
luteus, Baker. A-B.
‘e >
Slee
o
ce
Oi > IO DO bb
mo
bd hy
~~
4 Hessea, Herb.
Schlechteri, O. Kuntze. — DE.
5 Apodolirion, Baker.
Buchanani, Baker. C.
Ette, Baker. B.
McKenii, Baker. C
6 Crinum, Linn.
acaule, Baker. Z-
longifolium, Thb. A-C.
Macowani, Baker. D-E.
Moorei, Hk. f. BC.
7 Ammocharis, Herb.
falcata, Herb. BC,
8 Brunsvigia, Heister.
Josephine, Gawl, A-D.
natalensis, Baker. DE.
9 Nerine, Herb.
angustifolia, Baker. C-E.
appendiculata, ,, DE.
filifolia, At ?
pancratioides, _,, D-F.
Schlechteri, __,, F.
10 Oyrtanthus, Azton.
angustifolius, A7t. A-F
Galpini, Baker. E.
lutescens, Herb, K.
133
Cyrtanthus, Continued. deformis. Hook. E.
McKenii, Hock. re hirsutus, Baker. CD.
obliquus, Azt. BC. Katherine, ,, AB.
O’Brieni, Baker. EF. magnificus, Herb. Z
odorus, Gawl. BC. McKenii, Baker. ?
sanguineus, Hook. A.B. montanus, _,, EF.
Sed natalensis, Pappe. AB.
i Olivia, Ld. puniceus, eae AB.
Gardneri, Hook. AB Z.
miniata, Regel. AB. TS Buphane, Herbert.
nobilis, Ll. BC. disticha, Herb. AB.
12 Hemanthus, Linn. 14 Vellozia, Vand.
albomaculatus, Baker. A. clavata, Baker. 2
Baurii, Baker. B. elegans, Oliver. B-D.
candidus, Bull. E. viscosa, Baker. EF.
ORDER CLXXVI. DIOSCORACEA.
A small family containing 8 genera only, two of which are repre-
presented in Natal; the genus Testudinaria being peculiar to South
Africa. The tubers of several species of Dioscorea are the “‘ Yams,”
so much used as articles of food in most tropical countries. None of
our indigenous species have any economic value. The rootstock or
tuber of /'estudinaria sylvatica which lies on the surface of the ground
is in good specimens singularly like a Tortoise.
Number of species less than 200.
Tuber fleshy, subterranean, Seeds winged all round,
or at base only. DioscorEA.
Tuber on surface of ground. Seeds winged at apex
only. ‘TESTUDINARIA.
List or SPECIES.
1 Dioscorea, Linn. rupicola, Kth. B-
crinita, Hk. f. AB undatiloba, Baker. 7
ifoli ‘esb. :
cas sete ee 2 Testudinaria, Salisb.
malifolia, —,, AB. elephantipes, Burch. DE.
microcuspis, ,, D. sylvatica, Kth. AB.
multiloba, Kth. B.
ORDER CLXXVIII. LILIACE.
A large family including Smilaceze and Melanthacese which in
Harvey’s Genera of South African Plants form distinct Orders. Many
species of the Order are remarkable for the beauty of their flowers,
and others for the properties they possess. Amongst the former, the
Tulips and Lillies probably stand foremost, but the Hyacinth,
- -
134
Tuberose, Agapanthus, Kniphofia, Fritillaria and others are highly
esteemed as ornamental flowering plants. ‘The bulbs of Tulipa, Scilla
and of some other genera have been used medicinally, but are now
little esteemed. The leaves of Phormium tenuzx the “ New Zealand Flax”
yield a fibre which is used for cordage and other purposes. The drug
known as Aloes is extracted from several species of Aloe, that yielded
by a species growing in the island of Socotra being considered the
best, the species principally used for this purpose in Natal is Aloe
ferox, thougb probably other species have been used, though not in
quantity. Several species of Allium are used in cookery, such as the
following: Onion, Eschalot, Leek, Garlic, Chives and others. Sarsa-
parilla is the root of several species of Smilax, and these roots are sent
to Kurope in large quantities from South America, but we are not
aware whether our only indigenous species of the genus has been
tested for its medicinal properties. Many of our native species of the
Order are very ornamental, and though the individual flowers are not
large, the large number of them on each stem in some measure com-
pensates for their smaller size; the flowers on one spike of some of the
Kniphofias, for instance are very numerous, those of K. multiflora
reaching to 3-400 or perhaps more on a single spike. Several of our
native species of Asparagus are in cultivation in Kurope, and are
highly esteemed, A. plumosus nanus being known everywhere, while
A. virgatus has been cultivated as a culinary vegetable.
KEY TO SERIES.
Fruit baccate. Anthers dehiscing introrsely. A. ASPARAGAOES.
Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Anthers dehiscing in-
trorsely. B. LiniAce® VERE.
Fruit capsular. Anthers dehiscing extrorsely. C. CoLCHICACE2.
KEY TO GENERA.
A. ASPARAGACEA.
Stems climbing, Leaves reticulate. Flowers dicecious. SmiLax.
Stems climbing or erect. Leaves small and bract-like.
Flowers hermaphrodite. ASPARAGUS.
Stems climbing Leaves reticulate, veins conspicuous.
Flowers cymose. BEHNIA.
Stems erect. Veins inconspicuous. Flowers racemose
or panicled. DRACmNA.
B. LILIACEH VERA.
KEY TO TRIBES.
Rootstock not bulbous. Leaves not fleshy. Inflores-
cence racemose. Perianth segments united in
a tube at base. HEMEROCALLE®.
Rootstock not bulbous. Leaves thick, fleshy, toothed.
Inflorescence racemose. Perianth segments
united in a tube at the base. ALOINER,
135
Leaves linear or ensiform, entire, not thick and fleshy.
Inflorescence racemose. Perianth cut down to
the base.
Flowers umbellate, umbels subtended by 1-2 mem-
branous bracts. Perianth gamophyllous.
Rootstock bulbous. Peduncle naked. Inflorescence
racemose or spicate not subtended by a common
spathe.
KEY TO GENERA.
HEMEROCALLEE.
Perianth cylindrical.
Perianth short, campanulate.
ALOINE AK.
Perianth with a ventricose tube and short segments.
Perianth cylindrical, with a short tube and long conni-
vent segments.
ASPHODELEAS.
Anthers dorsifixed, versatile.
Anthers basifixed, erect.
1 Rootstock not bulbous. [Filaments glabrous.
Ovules 2 in each cell.
1 Rootstock not bulbous. Filaments bearded.
Ovules more than 2 in each cell.
1 Rootstock bulbous. Stems climbing. Seeds
naked.
1 Rootstock bulbous. Leaves radical. Seeds naked.
1 Rootstock tuberous. Stems erect. Seeds woolly.
2 Capsule obtusely angled. Seeds triquetrous.
2 Capsule acutely angled. Seeds flattened.
ALLIEA.
Perianth tube short. Corona none.
Perianth tube oblong-cylindrical. Corona annular or
of 6 distinct scales.
SCILLEA.
Perianth gamophyllous, Seeds crowded, angled or
discoid.
Perianth polyphyllous. Seeds crowded, angled or
discoid.
Perianth polyphyllous. Seeds not crowded, angled or
discoid.
1 Perianth tube companulate, segments linear, re-
flexing.
ASPHODELE.
ALLIEZ.
ScILLES.
KNIPHOFIA.
NOTOSCEPTRUM.
GASTERIA.
ALOE.
BULBINELLA.
BULBINE.
BowEla.
ScHIZOBASIS.
ERIOSPERMUM.
ANTHERICUM.
CHLOROPHYTUM.
AGAPANTHUS.
'TULBAGHIA.
Drimia,
1 Perianth tube oblong, segments of two kinds,
outer caudate.
1 Perianth tube oblong, segments subequal, spread-
ing.
2 Inner perianth segments conniving.
2 Perianth segments all spreading.
3 Perianth segments cucullate, connivent.
3 Perianth segments flat, spreading. Raceme with
crown of empty bracts at apex.
3 Perianth segments spreading, I-nerved. Racemes
Flowers blue, or mauve-purple.
3 Perianth segments spreading, keeled with more
not comose.
than one nerve.
yellow, never blue.
Flowers usually white or
COLCHICACE.
Rootstock a bulb or corn.
Rootstock not bulbous.
1 Peduncle short. Inflorescence capitate.
segments distinct.
1 Peduncle long. Inflorescence spicate.
segments united at base.
2 Stems climbing, Perianth segments free, clawed,
spreading.
bo
not clawed.
Perianth
Perianth
Stems climbing. Perianth segments free, connivent,
2 Stems erect. Perianth gamophyllous, segnients short.
1 Smilax, Linn.
Kraussiana, Mezsn.
List or SpeEcizs.
A-U,
2 Asparagus, Linn.
zethiopicus, Linn,
africanus, Lam.
asiaticus, Linn.
declinatus, ,,
faleatus, 53
medeoloides, 7'hb.
myriocladus, Laker,
plumosus, Baker.
var. nanus.
sarmentosus, Linn.
Saundersiz, Baker.
scandens, T'hb,
Sprengeri, Regel.
stipulaceus, Lam.
subulatus, Tb.
>
BW ew ew-
>
JP ROO
i
Cs
Bm bd
~ APO
tenuifolius, Hk. f.
virgatus, Baker.
Dircapt.
GALTONIA.
ALBUGA.
URGINEA.
Drimiopsis.
Evcomis.
SoILLa.
ORNITHOGALUM.
1
2
ANDROCYMBIUM.
WurRMBEA.
GLORIOSA.
Lirronia.
SANDERSONIA.
3 Behnia, Didrichs.
reticulata, drichs.
4 Dracena, Vand.
Hookeriana, K. Koch.
5 Kniphofia, Moench.
aloides. Moench.
breviflora, Harv.
Buchanani, Baker.
concinna, is
ensifolia, i,
Evansii, N.H.B.
fibrosa, Baker.
gracilis, Harv.
laxiflora, Kth.
longicollis, Baker.
Kniphofia, Continued.
Macowani, Baker.
modesta, a
multiflora, W. & LH.
natalensis, Baker.
parviflora, Kth.
pauciflora, Baker.
pedicellata, ,,
primulina, "
Rooperi, Lemaire,
sarmentosa, Kth.
Schlechteri, Baker.
Schlechteri, Schinz.
triangularis, Kth.
Tucku, Baker.
sp. (Hvans 649).
6 Notosceptrum, Bth.
natalense, Baker.
sp. (Wood 6391).
7 Gasteria, Duval.
Croucheri, Baker.
gracilis, 3
8 Aloe, Linn.
Bainesu, Dyer,
Boylei, Baker.
Cooperi, ,,
ferox, Miller.
Greenii, Baker.
Kraussii, .,
Marshall, W & &.
minima, Baker.
myriacantha, Rh. § 8,
natalensis, W. §& LH.
parviflora, Baker
platylepis, _,,
pratensis, _
purpurascens, Harv.
Ssaponaria, Harv.
supralevis, Harv.
9 Bulbinella, Ath.
carnosa, Baker.
10 Bulbine, Linn.
asphodeloides, BR. §° S.
ensifolia, Baker,
ee
W~AOR?
>
eo
noe ae
Saeed
or
aes
e
4
TricHoMANEs, Linn,
EBENEUM, Ait,
MONANTHEMUM, Linn.
ERECTUM, Bory.
PROTENSUM, Schr,
1)
2
3
; 1fi
2 Rhizome creeping, sori close to midrib.
In woody ravines, Noodsberg
5 Pinne oblong-lanceolate, conspicuously toothed.
Common in shade 2000 to 4000 feet alt.
3 Pinne ovate, acuminate, entire or nearly so,
In drier parts of bush 1000 to 3000 feet alt.
3 Pinnie ovate-acuminate, finely serrate, the
lowest pinnz small, rounded.
From near Coast to 3000 feet alt.
Upper edge of pinne sharply toothed.
In shade in upper districts.
Upper edge of pinnz bluntly lobed.
On moist rocks, and tree trunks 1500 to
2000 feet alt.
B. VEINS BI-OR-TRIPINNATE.
Sori in centre of segments, stipes and rachis
- brown.
Rocky places Umpumulo, Greytown, Mooi
River, and Town Hill.
Sori in centre of segments, stipes and rachis
greenish,
Moist rocks in shade from 2000 feet alt, to
Drakensberg.
Sori flabellate, rachis naked.
From Coast to 2000 feet alt.
Sori flabellate, rachis fibrillose.
Noodsberg to Drakensberg.
Var tripinnatum, Baker, larger and more
divided than type.
Noodsberg to Drakensberg.
II, Darga.
Pinnate, segments more numerous on upper side
of pinne.
Moist rocks, Midlands.
Pinnate segments equal on both sides or nearly so.
Near streamlets in shade, Midlands.
Bipinnate.
Common in drier parts of bush.
Midlands.
Coast to
Hil. Arnyricm.
Rhizome creeping. __
Rocky places at from 2500 feet alt. to
Drakensberg,
Stipes tufted, pinnule stalked.
Moist places, Midlands.
Stipes tufted, pinnule decurrent.
’ Upper districts.
Serra, L. & F.
ANISOPHYLLUM, Ize.
GEMMIFERUM, Schr.
Prionitis, Kze.
Kraussi, Moore.
SANDERSONI, Hk.
ADTANTUM-NIGRUM, Linn.
VARIANS, Hk. & Gr.
CUNEATUM, Lam.
FURCATUM, Thb.
BRACHYPTERON, Kze.
THUNBERGH, Kze.
RUTHFOLIUM, Kze.
Scoimpert, A. Br.
ASPIDIOIDES, Schl.
F inix-Fa@Mina, Bernh.
172
DinrmocuL@na, Desv.
The only Natal species.
Sub-arborescent. In woods, Midlands.
Aspipium, Sw.
Veins anastomosing
In woods from 2000 feet alt. to Drakensberg.
Rhizome wide creeping, pinnz awned.
In woods from 2000 feet alt. to Drakensberg.
Pinnule not awned. Coriaceous, sori large.
Moist places in Midlands.
Bipinnate. Stipes tufted pinnule awned, scales
brown.
Var. luctuosum, Kze. Similar but scales
black.
In shade, Noodesberg to Drakensberg.
Tri-or quadripinnate.
Moist places in woods, from 2500 feet alt.
to Drakensberg.
Nepuropium, Rich.
Veins free.
Veins anastomosing.
I. LastTrREa.
Rhizome creeping, margin of fertile frond reflexed.
In marshes all over the Colony.
Rhizome creeping, margins of fronds flat ; scented.
Inanda and Noodsberg.
Stipes tufted, indusium bristly.
Ravines, Coast and Midlands.
Stipes tufted, pinnule serrate and awned.
Moist places. Coast and Midlands.
Stipes tufted, pinnae imbricated, not awned.
Midlands, usually in Ant-bear holes.
Stipes tufted, frond soft with woolly pubescence.
In shade Midlands,
Tl. Ev-Nepsropiuw.
Lowest pinne as large as the other ; coriaceous.
Moist places, Coast and Midlands.
Lowest pinne smallest, soft, hairy.
Moist places, Coast and Midlands.
Neparo.eris, Schott.
The only Natal species.
Swamp at head of Natal Bay.
OLEANDRA, Cav.
The only Natal species.
LUNULATA, Desv.
FALCATUM, Sw.
PUNGENS, Kaulf.
CAPENSE, Walld.
ACULEATUM, Sw.
ARISTATUM, Sw.
I, LasTREA. .
If, Ev-Nepsropium.
THELYPTERIS, Mesz.
ALBO-PUNCTATUM,
{ Desw.
Brraianum, Baker.
INEQUALE, Hk.
ATHAMANTICUM, Hk.
CATOPTERON, Hk.
unituM, R. Fr.
MOLLE, Desv.
acuta, Pr.
arTicULATA, Pr.
173
EX-INVOLUCRATE.
Potypopium, Linn.
Veins free. Stems continuous with the caudex.
Sori medial on the veins, I, Ev-PHecopreris.
Veins pinnate, the lower veinlets of continuous
groups joining. LL. Gontopreris.
Veins free. Stems articulated to rhizome, sori
generally terminal on the veins. Ii. Ev-Potypoptom.
Veins forming ample regular areole, each with a
single distinct free included veinlet, the
sori terminal on the latter, often in the costal
areolz only, sometimes in second or even
third row. IV. GonloPHLEBIUM.
Primary veins distant from the mibrib to the edge,
connected by parrallel veinlets, the areole
similar, containing two or more sori, the
free veinlets all directed towards the edge. V. CampyLoneurum.
Areolz fine, copious, irregular, the free veinlets
spreading in various directions, the sori
various in position, generally on the back
of united veinlets. VI, PuyMatopss.
I. Ku-PHEGoPTERIS.
Stipes densely tufted. Frond 2 feet or more long ;
8-10 in broad. OBTUSILOBUM, Desv.
Upper and midland districts.
II. Gontopreris.
Sori medial, frond often proliferous. PROLIFERUM, Presi.
Coast near Durban; Verulam.
Sori close to main veins; frond often gemmilferous. unitum, Hk.
Near streams in woods; Midlands.
Il. Eu-Po.ypopiom.
Pinnate or pinnatifid. Fronds naked. VULGARE, Linn,
Common “ polypody.” Dargle to Drakensberg.
IV. GoNIOPHLEBIUM,
Rhizome creeping, fronds pinnatifid, densely scaly
beneath. INcANUM, Sw.
V. CAMPYLONEURUM.
Frond simple, densely white woolly. AURICANUM, Mett.
VI. Paymatopes.
Fronds simple with small scattered scales beneath. LANcEoLATUM, Linn.
On trees and rocks from 1500 feet alt. to
Drakensberg.
‘
174
Frond oblong-lanceolate, naked. LINEARE, Thb.
On trees and rocks all over the Colony.
Var. Schraderi, Mett.
Frond oval or oblong, rhizome densely scaly, wide
creeping. » Lycopoplowwes, Linn
Coast and Midlands, common.
Var. Mackenii, Baker, is merely a luxuriant form.
Frond oblong, sori large, irregular but in two rows. NORMALE, Don.
Moist rocks in woods, Midlands.
Frond strap shaped, elongated, sori scattered, minute. triompEs, Lam.
On trees and rocks, Coast and Midlands.
Frond pinnatifid ; scented in drying. PHYMATODES, Linn.
Near Sea Coast only.
Norsocatana, &. Br.
Stipes naked, pinnz distant. INGEQUALIS, Kze.
On dry rocks, Inanda; with Northern aspect.
Stipes densely scaly, pinnze close. EcKionrana, Kze.
Rocky places from 2000 feet alt. to Drakensberg.
Frond deltoid. Boucuanant, Baker.
Damp rocks with Southern aspect, Inanda
and Noodsberg.
GyYMNOGRAMME, Desv.
J. VEINS FREE.
Veins pinnate, fronds herbaceous, not covered
with powder. Torra, Schlech.
By streamlets in woods, Midlands,
Veins flabellate, fronds coriaceous, lower surface
scaly. corDATA, Schlecht.
On rocks in woods, Midlands to Drakensberg.
Fronds covered on under surface with white or
golden powder. ARGENTEA, Mett.
On dry or moist rocks, Noodsberg to
Drakensberg. A very large and fine
variety with golden powder is found at
foot of precipitous rocks, Noodsberg
var. aurea, ‘‘ Gold” and “ Silver Ferns.”
If. VEINS ANASTOMOSING.
Frond simple, naked, rhizome wide creeping. LANCEOLATA, Hk.
On trees and damp rocks. Inanda and
Drakensberg.
VirtrartaA, Sim.
Fronds narrow, grass-like, glabrous. LINBATA, Sw.
On trees and rocks, Coast and Midlands
‘ Boot Lace Fern.”
175:
AcrosticHum, Linn.
Fronds simple. Veins free. A. ELAPHOGLOSSUM.
Barren fronds pinnate, veins free. B. STenocHLana.
Barren fronds pinnate, veins anastomosing. C. CHRYSODIUM.
A. ELAPHOGLOSSUM.
Margins of fronds ciliated. Le
Margins of fronds not ciliated. 2
1 Barren fronds ovate or ovate-acuminate. HYBRIDUM, Bory.
On wet rocks in Midlands at 3000 to 5000
feet alt.
1 Barren fronds linear or strap-shaped. AvBeErtTII, Desv.
On wet rocks in Midlands.
1 Plant small, surface of fronds densely scaly. SPATHULATUM, Bory.
On moist rocks, Midlands and Upper Districts. .
2 Fertile fronds much the narrowest. LATIFOLIUM, Sw.
On rocks in shade, Midlands.
2 Fertile frond equalling or exceeding the
barren one in breadth. CONFORME, Sw.
On rocks and trees, Upper Districts.
B. STENOCHLENA.
Fertile frond bipinnate, the pinnz much con-
tracted. Climber. TENUIFOLIUM, Baker.
Climbing trees. Coast to 2500 feet alt.
Mostly in swamps.
C. Curysocoma.
Fronds erect, upper pinne only, fertile. AUREUM, Linn.
Near the Sea Coast. Shores of Natal Bay.
D. OSMUNDACE/#.
Fertile fronds much contracted. OsMUNDA.
Fertile pinnze at base of fronds only. Topra.
Osmonna, Linn.
The only species. REGALIS, Linn.
All over the Colony.
Topgea, Willd.
The only species. BARBARA, Moore.
By streams and in moist places, Coast to
3000 feet alt.
E. SCHIZEACES.
Fronds rush-like. Fructification spicate. ScHIZABA.
Fronds leafy, fructification paniculate. ANEMIA.
Fronds leafy, fructification dorsal. _, Moneta.
Fronds leafy, fructification on margin of frond. © Lycoprum.
176
Sonizma, Smith.
Fertile segments 4 to 8, sub-erect. TENELLA, K/f.
Near a brook, Umtwalumi, gathered by
McKen only. :
Fertile segments 10 to 15, nearly horizontal. PECTINATA, S72.
Damp hill-side, Inanda, (Wood).
ANEMIA, Sv.
Barren and fertile fronds separate from each other. Drecrana, Kze.
In drier parts of bush, Midlands.
Mourtia, Sw.
Fronds bipinnate, sori marginal. CAFFRORUM, Desv.
All over the Colony.
Lygopium, Sw.
Much branched, barren, pinne small. Capsules
forming spikes along edge of fertile frond. scanpens, Sw.
In wood, Zululand.
F. MARATTIACE A.
Marattia, Sm.
Fronds 6 to 15 feet long, usually bipinnate. FRAXINEA, Sm.
In shade, Coast to 3000 feet alt.
G. OPHIOGLOSSACEZ.
OpxioaLossum, Linn.
Frond ovate, tapering to base, mibrib more or less
distinct. VULGATUM, Linn.
Coast districts only.
Frond cordate at base, without distinct mibrib. RETICULATUM, Linn.
FERNS UNKNOWN TO US.
Cheilanthes parviloba, Sw. In his “ Ferns of South Africa,’ Sim
includes this species as having been collected by Rev. Buchanan
in upland bush, but we have not met with it, and have no
specimen.
Asplenium Gueinzianum, Mett. Said to have been collected by
Gueinzius, locality not given, we do not know it.
Asplenium solidum, Kunze, Said to have been gathered by McKen
near Peel’s, Umlaas, but is quite unknown to us.
Nephrodium Mauritianum, Fee. Collected by Rev. J. Buchanan near
head of Bay of Natal, not seen by us. It nearly resembles N.
Bergianum, Baker, but differs by its veinlets, two or more of
which on pairs of neighbouring pinnules meeting at the base.
Nephrodium Filix-mas, Rich, var. elongatum. ‘This species has been
included by collectors, ourselves included, with W. cncequale.
from which it differs simply by triangular outline of the frond,
the lower pinnz being the largest.
177
Gymnogramme ochracea, Pres/. Unknown to us, but said to have
been collected by Gerrard in Natal, and by Bolus in Transvaal.
Lycopodium dacrydioides, Baker. Said to have been found in Natal,
but quite unknown to us.
EQUISETACEA.
This Order contains one genus only, the species are usually found in
temperate regions and are rare in the tropics. The stems of several of
the species are rich in silica, and are used for polishing, and sold in
Europe in small bundles under the name of ‘“‘ Dutch rushes.”
EquisetuM, Lann,
Stem tall, simple or branching, ribbed. RAMOSISSIMUM, Desf.
The on!y Natal species, usually found in
damp places ‘“ Mares tails.”
LYCOPODIACE ZK.
This Order includes more than 100 species, many of them are very
difficult to rear in cultivation, except, perhaps, those that grow on rocks
or trees. The minute microspores are very inflamable, and are used
for several purposes, and some of the species are said to have medicinal
properties.
Capsules uniform, reniform ; 1-celled. LycopopiuM.
Capsules 3-lobed, 5-celled. PSILoTUM.
Lycopopium, Linn.
Stems erect or sub-erect.
Stems pendulous.
Stems procumbent.
1 Capsules in axils of ordinary leaves all along
the stem. Saururus, Lam.
On rocks and trees in Midlands. .
2 Capsules in axils of ordinary leaves. VERTICILLATUM, Linn.
- On trees and rocks in Midlands.
2 Capsules in upper parts of stem, the bracts
oo hS —
passing gradually into ordinary leaves. GNipDIOIES, Linn.
On rocks and trees 2000 to 4000 feet alt.
3 Fertile stem erect, leafy, branched. cCERNUUM, Linn.
Moist ground Coast, to 3000 feet alt.
3 Fertile stem erect, nearly naked, branched. cLavaTuM, Linn,
Wet places in Midlands.
3 Fertile stem erect, nearly naked, unbranched. cAROLINIANUM, Linn.
Very wet places, Coast to 3000 feet alt.
Psitotum, Swartz.
Rhizome wiry, creeping, stems 3-angled, almost
leafless. ; TRIQUETRUM, Sw’.
On old trees in Coast districts; rare,
°
wae “AS es
heed
73 4°?" a
178
SELAGINELLACEA,
A group of some 200 or more species many of which are in culti-
vation, but none have any economic value so far as known to us.
Capsules I-celled, 2-valved, in the axils of the
terminal bracts, the smaller kind nearer the
apex, larger nearer the base of spike. SELAGINELLA.
Capsules 1-celled, in axils of rush-like leaves, those
with large spores amongst outer leaves,
those with small spores amongst the inner
ones. ISORTES.
SELAGINELLA, Spring.
Leaves all of one kind, set all round the stem. 1
Leaves of two kinds, a line of larger spreading
ones along each side, and two lines of
smaller ascending ones on upper surface.
Perennials.
Leaves as in preceeding. Annuals, of thin texture.
1 Annual, sub-erect, leaves not awned.
Not known to us, but said to occur in Natal.
1 Perennial, procumbent, leaves awned.
2 Stem not jointed, 2-5 inches long, sparingly
branched.
In damp places, Midlands.
2 Stem jointed, 6 to 12 inches or more long, much
branched,
In damp woods all over the Colony.
3 Stems 3 to 4 inches long, trailing, intermatted,
suleate on back and face.
Banks of Tugela River. Not known to us.
209
PUMILA, Spring.
RUPESTRIS, Sprengel.
DEPRESSA, A, Brawn.
Mackentl, Baker.
TsoreTes, Linn,
A small rush-like plant, with bulbous crown, and
numerous narrow, rush-like leaves 1 to 4
inches long.
Not known to us, but collected near Griflin’s
Hi by Dr. Rehmann.
RHIZOCARPEA.
A group of minute plants floating in water or growing in or near
water, they have no economic value though the leaves of some species
of Marsilia are eaten by cattle.
Capsules in the axils of the leaves, of two kinds,
the large and round ones containing many:
minute spores, the smaller ovoid, with one
large spore.
Sporangia of large and small spores, attached
together in groups by a mucilaginous cord,
and enclosed in a 2-valved stalked capsule. MarsinisAs
NATALENSIS, Baker.
AZOLLAs
Kraussiana, A. Braun.
of? Age
179
AzoLua, Lam.
A minute plant -4 to 1 inch long with 5-5 pairs
of alter nate branches, which gradually
diminish in length upwards.
Marsinia, Linn.
Rhizome short, petioles 4-6 in. long, leaflets +in
long, two lines broad. Near Fox Hill;
Noodsberg; Durban Flat. Not seen by us.
Rhizome wide creeping, petioles 4-6 in. long when
out of water, and up to 18 in. long when in
water. Leaflets * in. long. and broad.
Not seen by us.
eG No AV BK of
“eC j/O 4a aN I ONS:
PINNATA, Lt. Br.
CAPENSIS, A.. Br.
MACROCARPA, Pres.
180
DIRECTIONS FOR DRYING AND PREPARING
BOTANICAL SPECIMENS.
———:-0-:—_—_—
Provide two or more boards about 18 inches by 12 inches, and a
quantity of unsized’ paper, old newspapers folded to a size a little
smaller than the boards answer fairly well, blotting paper is too tender
and too expensive, but the felt paper used for placing under carpets is
much better, anda single sheet of this between each set of plants is
sufficient ; if newspapers are used each should be folded three times,
which will give eight sheets between each set of specimens; lay the
specimens on the paper taking care not to overlap them, and it may
be found necessary to cut away leaves or twigs from the under side, so
that the specimens may lay as flat as possible. When the sheet will
hold no more place another similar sheet of paper of eight thicknesses
of newspapers or a single sheet if of felt paper over the specimens and
proceed as before until a pile of 6 or 8 inches is formed, then place
one of the boards underneath and another on the top of the pile and
fasten tightly with a strap which should be drawn as tightly as
possible. Drying boards formed of crossed laths about 1 inch by
° inch are better than boards as they permit of freer evaporation, but
the iron frames are much the best. The great secret of preparing
good specimens is to dry them as quickly as possible, so that it is
necessary to change the paper at least once in every 24 hours, drying
the papers thoroughly before using them again. The iron drying
frames with handle for carrying are by far the best, and may be
obtained in Capetown, they are very handy, not expensive, and will last
for many years. When quite dry, the specimens may be placed between
single sheets of newspapers, but should not overlap each other more
than necessary. No specimen should be longer than 16 or broader
than 10 inches. A botanical specimen to be complete should include
stem or twigs, leaves in position, flowers open and in bud, fruit young
and nearly mature, this may not always be possible, but the utmost
completeness should be aimed at, mere scraps are of little value and
are worse than useless, when practicable the whole plant should be
taken, and when necessary cut into two or more pieces, or folded over
once or twice, whichever may be most convenient. ‘Trees and shrubs
should be represented by twigs torn off at the origin, taking care to
secure both flowers and fruit Leaves should be laid flat upon the
paper, so as to show clearly their shape and position on the stem, this
is often best done at the first changing of the papers, when the
specimens have become wilted by evaporation. and lastly each specimen
should have attached to it a small piece of paper upon which should
be written the popular or scientific name of the plant if known to the
collector, date of collection, colour of the flower, habit of the plant, and
181
height above sea level of the place where it was collected, and all
specimens should be consecutively numbered. It must be remembered
that if the specimens are to be scientifically named ample material
must be provided, it will, therefore, be found best to collect at least
three specimens of each, one to be retained by the collector, and it is
advisable to dry with each a few loose flowers for dissection. Very
succulent plants may require to be killed by immersion of all but the
flowers for a few seconds in boiling water, this must be done carefully,
and the paper afterwards should be changed more frequently than
usual or the plants may rot instead of drying, Any specimens or
parcels of specimens sent to the Herbarium will be carefully examined,
and a list of the names will be sent to the donor. All specimens sent
for naming become the property of the Colonial Herbarium, and
cannot be returned except by special permission obtained beforehand.
All further information will be willingly given on application to the
Director.
AONK Os
Pe AS
118.
119.
124.
126,
142.
142.
144.
145.
154.
182
ERRATA.
1ith line from bottom for ‘‘ Podostemmacex ” read “‘ Podostemacez.”’
_ 13th line from bottom for ‘‘ Podostemmacez”’ read ‘‘ Podostemacez.”
. 3rd line from top for CXVCIX read CXCIX.
21. 15th line from bottom for ‘ Trimeris”’ read “‘T'rimeria,”’
. 12th line from top for “ cococarpa”’ read “‘ coccocarpa.”
27. 20th line from top for ‘‘ Erthroxylon” read ‘“ Erythroxylon.”
_ 8th line from bottom for “ Racmes”’ read “ Racemes.”
. 8th line from top for “ turged”’ read “ turgid.”
. 14th line bottom for ‘‘ mucosa”’ read *‘ muscosa.”
9th line from top for “ two species”’ read “ three species.”
6th line from top delete ‘‘ 12 Microglossa, DC.”
7th line from top delete Mespilifolia, Bru. B.
. 15th line from top read for ‘‘mespilifolia, DC.” read ‘“ mespi-
lioides, Bth,.”’
. 14th line from base for ‘‘ squammosum”’ read ‘“‘ squamosum.”
. drd line from top for “5-7 joined” read ‘‘ 5-7 parted.” |
. Delete ‘“‘Mimusops Schinzii, Engl.” and for “M. natalensis,
Schinz,” read ‘‘ natalensis, Engl.”
. 14th line from top for ‘“ Acokanthzra ” read ‘‘ Acokanthera.”
. 12th line from base for “ each” read “each scale.”
15th line from tcp for ‘‘ Claoxylo”’ read ‘“ ‘‘ Claoxylon,”
12th line from top for ‘“ dioico”’ read ** dioica.”
16th line from top for ‘‘ Ophryidez ” read “ Ophrydez.”
7th line from top for “ Maudzee” read “‘ Maudae.”
” read ‘‘one.”
3rd line from top for “one” read ‘‘ two.”
2nd line from top for “ two
20th line from bottom for ‘ usually jointed” read ‘ unjointed.”
Last line for ‘‘ Scipus” read “‘ Scirpus.”’
13th line from bottom for ‘‘ low” read ‘‘ lower.”
ADDITIONS TO LIST.
Cornus capitata, Wall. D.
Helichrysum argentissimum, J. M. Wood. D.
Cliffortia prostrata, Schlechter. ?
Mimusops concolor, Harv. bar
Royena Simii, O, Kuntze. A
Monsonia biflora, Harv. D-F.
INDEX
_ Aberia
Abies
Abrus
Abutilon
Acacia
Acalypha
Acanthacez
Acanthee ...
Acanthus
Achlamydex
Achras
Achryrocline
Achyranthes
Acidanthera
Acmena
Acokanthera
Acotyledons
Acridocarpus
Acrostichum
Adansonia ...
Adenocline...
Adenostemma
Adhatoda ...
Adiantum ...
Aeolanthus..
Aerva :
Aeschynomene
Aethusia
Agapanthus
Agave
Ageratum ...
Agrimonia ...
Agrostez
Agi ostis
Aira
Aizoon
Ajuga eae
_ Ajugoidese...
Alberta 5
Albertiez ...
Albizzia
Albuea :
Alchemilla...
Alepidea
Aleurites ...
Alismacee ...
TO BOTANICAL NAMES.
:-O-1
21 Allieze 135
122 Allium 134
38, 42 Alocasia 142
24, 25 Alce 131, 134, “135, 137
40, 44 Aloines .. 134, 135
117, 118 Alsodeia 21
« 13, 98 Alternanthera 107, 108, 109
99 Alysicarpas ... 38, 42
98 Amarantaceze ...14, 107
10, 14 Amarantus... 107, 108
78 Amaryllidex san Lol, here
66, 70 Amary]lieze 131
108, 109 Ammocharis 132
129, 130 Ampelidee... 9, 33
: 49 Amphidoxa 66, 70
81, 82 Anacardiacez 10, 34
6 Anacardium 4 34
27 Anagallis ... ‘ 77
166, 175 Anastrabe ... 92, 93, 95
24 Androcymbium 136, 139
L7; 148 Andropogon 150, 154, 160
. 65,69 Andropogone 150, 153
100, 101 Aneleima ... 139, 140
165, 167 Anemia 166, 175, 176
104, 106 Avuemone
108, 109 Anesorhiza se, 57
38, 42 Angelica ok tas dea le
56 Augiosperme see 6
134, "135, 137 Angraecum 123, 124, 125
pour’: Bebe. Anisocheta 638, 69, 74
... 65, 69 Anoiganthus 131, 132
... 44, 45 Anoua 17, 18
L5E, 155, 156 Anonacee ... y Rp
151, 156, 162 Ausellia “124, 125
151 Anthemidez 64, 67
be 55 Anthericum “135, 137
105, 106 Anthistiria... 150, 154, 161
104, 105 Antholyza ... 129, 130
.. 60, 62 Anthospermez . 99, 60
... 59, 60 Anthospermum +23, ObGe
36, 40, 44 Anthoxanthum 151. 156, 162
136, 138 Anthurium ear baie
.. 44, 45 Antiaria se. sce (ES
. 56, 57 Antidesma... EZ: bie
116 Antirrhinides --. 93, 94
4 Apium we 56, 57
183
Apocynacez
Apodolirion
Apodytes
Aponogeton
Aptosimee...
Arabis
Arachis
Araliaces ..
Arctotidez...
Ardisia
Areca
Argania
Argemone ...
Argyrolobinm
Aristea
Aristida
Arnica
Aroideze
Artabotrys...
Artemisia ...
Arthrosolen
Artocarpus...
Arundinez...
Arundinella
Arundinellez
Arundinaria
Ascelpiadez
Ascelpias ...
Ascolepis
Aspalathus
Asparagaceze
Asparagus...
Asphodelez
Aspidium
Asplenium...
Astragalus...
Aster bas
Asterochlena
Asteroidez...
Asystasia ...
Athanasia ...
Athrix:a
Athyrium ...
Atriplex
Atropa
Aucuba
Aulostephanus
Auricula
Australina ...
12, 81, 82
131, 132
151, 155, 156
151, 156, 162
151, £55
153, 160, 163
. Pacee
134
Avenastrum
Avene
Avicennia ...
Axonopus ..
Azolla
Balsamodendron
Bambusee ...
Baphia
Barbaretta...
Barleria
Barosma
Barringtonia
Bassia
Bauhinia
_ Begouia
~ Begoniacez
fBehnia
i} Belmontia ...
ties esas +
! Berardia
I Ber ‘kheya ...
‘ Bersama
Beta He
Bertholettia
Bidens
Bignonia
Bignoniacez
Biovulatez...
Bixa
Bixineze .
iBlackwellia
Blechnum ..
‘Blepharis ...
Blumea
Bobartia
Boehmeria ...
Boerhaavia...
Bojeria
Bomarea
ens Dopusia
Borago
Boraginee ...
Boscia ;
Boswellia ...
Bouchea
Bougainvillea
Boweia
Bowkeria ...
Brachycory this
148, 153, 160
151, 156, 162
151, 155, 156
102, 103
151, 155, 161
178, 179
30
_ 39, 43
64, 66, 71
98
3 97
117
21
6 8, 21, 12
... 93, 99
125, 127
Brachyleeua
Brachy podium
Brachystelma
Brassica
Breweria
Bridelia
Briza
Bromus
Brosium
Brownleea...
Bruguiera ...
Brunfelsia ...
Bruniacee ...
Brunsvigia...
Bryonia
Br yophyllum
Buchanrcoedera
Buchnera ...
Buddleia
Bulbine...
Bulbinella ...
Bulbophyllum
Bulbostylis
Buphane
Bupleurum
Burchellia...
Burseraces
Buttonia
Cacteze
Cactus
Cadaba
Caesalpinez
Caladium ...
Calamagrostis
Calamus
Calanthe
Calendulaceze
Callilepis ...
Callitriche...
Callitris
Calodendron
Calpurnia ...
Calycifloreze
Campanula
Campanulaceze
Campyloncurum
Canarium ...
Canavalia ...
Cannabis’
64, 65, 69
153, 159, 163
. 84, 86
19, =0
89, 90
117, 118
159
153, 160, 163
119
125, 127
48
92
4, 10, 47
132
52
46
37, 40
94, 96
86, 87
135, 137
135, 137
123, 125
145, 147
132, 133
_ 56, 57
58, 60, 61
4, 9, 29
92, 94, 96
4, 11, 54
fess
20
36, 39
142
151, 156, 162
pies
123, 125
. 64, 67
66, 71
48
122
29
39, 43
7, 10
75
11, 75
173
29
39, 42
120
185
Canne :
Canthium ...
Capparidez
Capparis
Capsicum ...
Caralluma ...
Carapa
Carex
Cardamine...
Cardiospermum
Carica
Carices
Carissa
Carthamuus
Carum
Car yophyllew
Cassia ;
Cassine
Cassinia
Cassinopsis
Cassipourea
Cassytha
Celastrinese
Celastrus ...
Celosia
Celtis
Cenia ES
Cephaelis ...
Cephalanthus
Cephalaria ...
Cerastium ...
Ceratophyllez
Ceratophyllum
Ceratosicyos
Ceratotheca
Cerbera
Ceropegia ...
Ceropegieze
Chaetacanthus
Chaetachme
Chaetobromus
Cheilanthes
Cheloniee ...
Chenolea
Chenopodiacez
Chenopodium
Chilianthus
Chironia
Chloridege ...
19
150, 151
165, 168, 176
.. 92, 93
as
13, 14. 109
eS
87
ae 87
152, 157
Chloris
Chlorocodon
Chlorophytum
Che ristylis a
Chrysan themum
Chirysocoma
Chrysodium
Chrys: | a
Cicca
Cichoracee...
Cichorum ..
Cicutarnia
Cinchona
Cineraria ...
Cinnamomum
Cissam pelos
Cissus
Citrullus
Citrus
Cladium
Claoxylon ...
Clarkia
Clausena
Clematis
Cleome
Clerodendron
Cliffortia
Clivia
Cluytia
Cnestis
Cnidium
Coccinia
Cocos
Coceulus
Coffea
Cola
Colchicaceze
Coleotrype...
Coleus
Colocasia
Colpoon
Combretacese
Combretum
Commelina...
Commelinaceze
Commiphora
Compositeze
Coniferes ...
Conium
152, 158, 163
82, 83, 84
135, 137
om 28
146, 147
117, 118
102, 103
AA, 45
131, 132, 133
117, 118
39
% 57
. O38, o4
141
18
58
. "95, 26
134, 136
Connaracese
Counarus
Convolvulacez
Convolvulus
Conyza
Corchorus ...
Cordia
Cordylogyne
Coriandrum
Cornacee ...
Cornus Sa
Corrigiola ...
Corycee ...
Corycium ...
Corydalis ...
Corypha
Costularia ..
Cotula
Cotyledon ...
Crabbea
Crassula
Crassulaces
Crepis
Crinum
Crithmum ...
Crocosmia ...
Crocus
Crossandra...
Crossotropis
Crotalaria ...
Croton
Cruciferee ...
Cryptocarya
Cry ptolepis
Cry ptostemma
Ctenium
Cucumis
Oucurbitaceze
Cuminum ...
Cunonia
Curculigo ...
Curtisea
Cuscuta
Cussonia
Cyanotis
Cyathea...
Cyathula ...
Cycadacez...
. Cyclamen ...
108
124, 125
125, 127
...99, 100
152, 158, 163
37, 40, 41
116, 117, 118
. 8,19
‘112, 113
. 83, 84
. 68, 74
152, 158, 163
‘131, 132
ae a8
... 89, 90
Prey
139, 140
165, 167
108, 109
14, 122
vas 77
Cyclostemon
Cycnium
Cynanchee
Cynanchum
ynara
‘Cynoctonum
Cynodon
Cynoglossum
Cynorchis ...
Cy peracee ...
Cypereze
Cyperus
Cyphia
Cyrtanthus
Cystopteris
Dactyloctenium
Dais
Dalbergia ...
Dalbergieze
Dalechampia
‘“Dainmara ...
Daphne
Darea
Datura
Daucus
Davallia
Denekia
Dermatobotrys
Desmodium
Desmustachya
Dianthus ...
Diascia
Dichaeha ...
Dichilus
Dichondra ...
Dicliptera ...
_ Dicotyledons
Dicrocephala
Dichrostachys
Diclis
Dicoma Zz
Didymochlena
Dieffenbachia
Dierama ...
Digitales ...
Digitalis
Digitaria
Dimorphotheca
Dioscoraceze
117,118
92, 94, 96
83
, 83, 85
64.
85
152, "158, 163
ret 88
124, 126
... 16, 144
net 145
144, 145, 146
Sa lebeok O
oa 132
165, 167
152, 158, 163
113, 114
. 39, 43
Laake ae
Eve dAt9
122
, U8 ies
L7O;7h¢1
hoc 9]
he 56
165, 167
we Pee
ew G5 490
. 38, 42
pg Ty)
pce 0 eee 5
.4<1 93, 95
... 84, 86
1iSy. 40
89, 90
“100, 101
ue, Gsube:
; 65, 69
... 40, 44
. 94, 95
68, 74
165, 172
142
129, 130
92, 93
92
150, “155; 161
187
Dioscorea ...
Diospyros ...
Dipeadi pe
Diplachne ...
Dipsaceze
Dipsacus
Disa
Dischoriste
Disciflores ...
Disesz
Disperis ae.
Dissotis
Dodousea
Dolichos
Dombeya ...
Dorema
Dovyalis
Dracena
Dregea
Drimia
Drimiopsis
Drosera
Droseracese
Drymaria ..
Dumasia
Duranta
Hbenacee ...
Kehinospermum
Kel pta
Hctadiopsis
Khretia
Ehrharta
HWkebergia ..,
Eleeodendron
Elaphoglossum
Eleocharis ...
Klephantorhiza
Eleusine
Elais
Klionurus .
Embelia
Emex
Encepbalartos
Endogens ...
Englerodaphne
Enatada
Kutoplocamia
Hpidendreze
Hpigyne ...
“136, 138
“124, 125
125, 127
50
"184 136
: 84, 85
135, 138
136, 138
.. 46, 47
A 4.6
ae 23
5c) OO WAE
102, 103
» 12,79
et 88
» DGp aE
Baton! oe
152, “158, 163
40, 44
152, 158, 163
14]
150, 154, 160
eve 15
Kpilobium ...
Epipremum
Kquisetaceze
Equisetum ...
Hragrostiez
Kragrostis ...
HKrianthus ...
Hrica
Ericacez
Hrigeton
Eriocaulee...
Hriocaulon ...
Hriosema
HKriospermum
Krythrea ...
Hrythrina ae
Krythroxylon
Ethnlia
Kuasplenium
Eucalyptus
Kuclea
Eucomis
Kugenia
Kulophia
Eumorphia
Eunephrodium
Hupatoriaceze
EKuphegopteris
Euphorbia ...
EKuphorbiaceee
EKupoly podium
Kuryops
Evolvulus ...
Excoecaria ...
Exogens
Hxogonium
Fadogia
Fagopyrum
Falkia
Fanninia
Fatsia
Faurea
Felicia
Festuca
Festuceze
Ficinia
Ficoidese
Ficus
Filices
51
a nae
...16, 177
177
152, 157
152, 157, 162
150, 154, 160
. 76,77
. 12, 76
65, 69
15, 143
144
ey ene
135, 137
a ey
vee 39, 42
55, 116, 117
14, 116
ates Cp
.. 67, 73
... 89, 90
116, 117, 119
65, 69
153, 159, 163
153, 157, 159
145, 147
10, 11, 55
119, 120
16, 164
Fimbristylis
145, 147
hla ar 150, 153, 159, 163
Flagellaria..
F lagellariex
Flemingia ...
Fleurya
#'loscopa
Foeniculum
if raxinus
Fritillaria ...
Fuchsia
Fugosia
Fuirena
Fumaria
Furcrea
Galantlius ...
Galegese
Galieze
Galium
Galopina
Galtonia
Gamolepis ...
Garcinia ...
Gardeniez ...
Gardenia ...
Garuleum ...
Gasteria
Gazania
Geigeria...
Gelonium ...
Genisteze ...
Genlisia ...
Gentiana
Gentianee ...
Geraniacese
Geranium ...
Gerbera
Gerrardanthus
Gerrardiez
Gerrardina...
Gesneracee...
Geum ae
Gladiolus ...
Glechoma ...
Gleichenia ...
Gleicheniacese
Gloriosa
Glumacee ...
Glycine
128, 129, 130
ee ara 8
116
164, 166
136, 139
te 15
wee 39, 42
Gnaphalium
Gnidia
Gomphocarpus
Gomphostigma
Gomphrena
Gonioplebium
Goniopteris
Goodenovies
Gossypium...
Graminee ...
Gratiolez ...
' Grewia
Greyia
Guaicum
Gunnera
Guttiferez...
Gymnema ...
Gymnogramme
Gymnopentzia
Gymnospermese
Gynura
Habenaria...
Habenarieze
Heemanthus
Heemodoracese
Halleria
Haloragee...
Hamamelideze
Hamamelis
Haplocarpha
Harpechloa
Harveya
Hebenstreitia
Hedera
Hedy otideze
_ Hedysaree...
Helianthoidez
Helianthus .
Helichrysum
Helinus e
Heliophila ...
Hemerocalleze
Hemimerides
Hemitelia ...
Hermannia...
Hermbstcedtia
Herminium
Hertia x
Hesperantha
.. 66, 76
113, 114
82, 83, 85
. 86, 87
108, 109
are, 178
ah 1 AAS
‘4, 11, 75
Brae
..16, 148
92, 94%
.. 26, 27
a8. BA
ey,
. 17, 48
4, 8, 24
So Bates
165, 174, 177
.. 67, 72
. 6, 122
. 67, 72
124, 126
eR Aaa,
131, 132, 133
15, 128
92, 93, 95
ae 1, ANZ
10, 47
POE
a eioyS
152, 158, 163
92, 94, 96
101, 102
57
59
37, 38
64, 66
Ae OA
66, 70, 71
_ 32, 33
19
134, 135
92, 93
165, 167
Nees
108
"124, 126
73
"129, 130
Hessea eee
Heteromma 65, 69
Heteromorpha 26, 57
Heteropyxis 50, 51
Hewittea ... 89, 90
Hibiseus,... od iy as
Hieraciun... 68, 74
Hippobromus 33, 34
Hippomane 116
Hoffmanseggia 39, 43
Holeus 150, 151
Holothrix ... 124, 126
Homalium ... as 52
Homeria “129, 130
Hordes 153, 157, 160
Hoslundia ... 104, 105
Huernia . 84, 86
Huttonea ... 124, 126
Hydrocotyle . 06, 57
Hydrostachys lll
Hydrophylax 61, 62
Hymenophyllez 164, 166
Hymenophyllum 164, 165, 166
Hyoscyamus es 91
Hy pericineze seas) Og
Hypericum . 23, 24
Hypheene ... ata 141
Hypocheeris »2 68, 74
Hypoestes ... J00, 101
Hypogyne... 15
Hypolepis ... 165, 168
Hypoxidee... goat) tape
Hypoxis 131, 132
Hyptis 104, 106
Icica 30
Ilex 31
Llicineze 4,9, 31
Lllicebraceze ... L4, 407
Ilysanthes .. 92, 94, 96
Impatiens ... 28
Imperata ... 159, "153, 160
Indigofera... 36, 38, 41
Inuloidee ... . 64, 65
Tonidium 21
Tpomoea 89, 90
Iresine 107
Trideze 15, 128
Iris 128
Ischeamum... . 150, 153, 154, 160
Isoetes
Isoglossa
lsonandra ...
Ixia
Ixieze
lxorex
Jacaranda ...
Jacquemontia
Jasminium...
Jatropha
Juucacez ..
Juncellus ...
Juncus
Jussiza
Justicia
J usticieze
Keempferia...
Kalanchoe ...
Kedrostis ...
Kigelia
Kiggelaria...
Kniphofia ...
Knowltonia
Knoxiese
Koeleria
Kraussia ...
Kyllingia ...
Labiatez ...
Lactuca
Lagenaria ...
Lagerstroemia
Laggera
Lamarckia...
Landolphia
Lantana
Lapeyrousea
Laportea
Larix de
Lasiocorys ...
Lasiosiphon
Lasiostelma
Lastrea
Launea
Laurinez ...
Laurus
Lawsonia ...
Lebeckia
Lecythis
Leersia ,,,
140, 141
e 51
98, “100, 101
ae 99
127, 128
Sa
134, 135, 136
eee tri
14 59,60
151, 156, 162
"102, 103
129, 130
119
ath
105, 106
84, 113, 114
ee
gir ee
68, 75
13, 14, 112
baits |:
152, 158, 163
190
Leguminosese
Leidesia
Lemna
Lemnacee ...
Lentibulariese
Leonotis
Leontonyx ...
Lepidium ..
Leptocarydion
Leptocarpus
Lessertia.
Leucas
Leucojum ..
Leucosidea...
Lichtensteinia
Lightfootia...
Liliaceze
Liliacese verze
Limeum
Limnanthemum
Limosella ...
Lindsaya
Linese
Linum
Liparis
Lipocarpha...
Lippia
Lithospermum
Littonia
Lobelia
Lochnera ...
Loganiacese
Lolium
Lomaria
Lonchitis ..,
Lopholeena ...
Loranthacese
Loranthus ...
Loteze Aa
Lotononis 4...
Lotus a
Loxostylis ...
Ludwiggia ..,
Luffa bz
Luzula
Lycium. ...
Lycopersicum
Lycopodiacese
Lycopodium
3. 10, 36
117, 118
nies tia
ose hee
(2S, oa
_ 104, 105, 106
me ae |
... 19, 20
152, 158, 163
oe
. 38, 42
“105, 106°
pene.
wee 44, 45
... 56, 57
... 75, 76
9, 15, 133
io ee
oat
123, 125
145, 147
102, 108
88, 89
136, 139
wa. 15, 76
. 81, 82
v.12, 86
153, 160, 163
165, 169
165, 168
ey
11, 18, 14, 114
114, 115
os
Ba tS
Lygodium .,.,
166, 175, 176
Lysimachia 77
Lythrariez... 10, 50
Lytbrum 50
Maba 79, 80
Mackaya 99, 101
‘Macowania... « 66, 71
Maerua 20
Maesa 78
Mahernia ... : 26
Mallotus 117, 118
Malpighiaceze 9, 27
Malva 24, 25
Malvacee ... 8, 24
Malvastrum 24, 25
Mangifera ... o4
Manihot 116
Manulea 94, 95
Marantaces ARMAS -Y'|
Marattia 166, 176
Marattiacese 164, 176
Mariscus 145, 146
Marsdenieze ad 83
Marsilia 178, 179
Martynia nae 98
Matricaria ... Lad eer
Medicago 36, 37, 41
Melaleuca ... Seen 49
Melanthacese 133
‘Melanthera AOL LL
Melasma ... 94, 96
Melastoma ... 20
Melastomaceze 11, 50
Melhania 20, 26
Melia a0).
Meliaceze 9, 30
Melianthus... Bi 34,
Melica 159, 163
Melinis Lot, 165, 462
Melolobium ne 40
Melothria ... Wes) ro ga!
Memecylon : 50
Menispermaces o 8318
Menodora 80
Mentha 104, 106
Menyanthes gt 87
Mesembryanthemum ... 5d
Metalasia ey OG Sek
Microchloa... 152, 158, 163
191
Microglossa si« 60,400
Micromeria 104, 106
Mikania 64, 65, 69
Millettia 36, 38, 42
Mimosese . 36, 40
Mimalus 94, 95
Mimusops ... 78, 79
Mirabilis 107
Mitrocarpum .. 2 Obata
Modecca ... ee 52
Mohria 175, 176
Mollugo... aad D0
Momordica... 53, 54
Monardiec... 104, 105
Monechma... 100, 101
Monimiaceze 4, 13, 21, 112
Monocotyledons 6, 15, 123
Monochlamydese Ree! AG)
Monopetalez Me AGS |
Monsonia os 28
Monstera otal 4) See
Moreea 128, 129
Moree 128, 129
Morus tes 119 -
Moschosma... 104, 105
Mukia ba. Oop On
Mundulea +. 30, 42,
Muraltia 22
Musaceze cedars ean
Mutisacee ... . 64, 68
Myosotis oon OOg, GG
Myrica 121
Myricacee ... 121
Myriophyllum 48
Myrothamnus: 47
Myrsine ve 78
Myrsinee ... UE ie Sy >
Myrtacee ... 10, 14, 49
Myrtus 49
Mystacidium 124, 126
Mystroxylon 32
Naiadacee ... 15, 1438
Narcissus ... 131
Nardostachys 63
Narthex 56
Nasturtium 19
Naucleez 59
Nemesia 94, .95
Nemieze . 92, 93
Neottiese ...
Nephrodium 164, 165, 172, 1763
Nephrolepis
Nerine
Nesaea
Nestlera
Nicandra
Nicotiana ...
Nidorella ...
Niebuhria ...
Nollettia
Noltea
Nothochlena
Notobuxus ...
Notosceptrum
Nuytsia
Nuxia
Nyctagines
Nymphea ...
Nympheacez
Ochna
Ochnaces ...
Ocimoider...
Ocimum
Ocotea
Odina
Oenanthe
Oenothera ...
Olacineze
Oldenlandia
Olea
Oleaceze
Oleandra
Oligocarpus
Oligomeris
(linia
Olyra
Onagraries
Oncinotis
Oncoba
Ophiocaulon
Ophioglossacese
Ophiogloxsum
Ophrydee ...
Oplismenus
Opuntia
Orchides
Ornithogalum
Orthosiphon
123, 124.
165, 172
132:
50
66, 71
91
90, 91
65, 69
20
65, 69!
32, 331
165, 174
117, 118%
135, 137!
114.
86, 87
14, 107
geen:
poe a Fe
hee
. 9,29
ipa (8%)
104, 105
112, 113
35
Bs
51
9,3
59, 61
80
12, 80
165, 172
67, 73
ee SOL
.. BO, 51
153, 159, 163
ed
81, 82
21
165, 166, 176
123, 124
151, 155, 161
.. D4, BB
15, 123
136, 138
104, 105
j Orygia
Oryzex
Osmunda
Osmundaceze
Osteospermum
Osyridocarpus
| Osyris
Othonna
. Othonnopsis
F Oxalis
pOavanians ad
'Oxygonum
’ Palme
* Panax
‘ Pancratium
' Panicez
Panicum
Papaver
Papaveracez
Papilionaceze
Pappopl.orez
Papyrus
Parietaria ...
Parthenium
Paspalum ...
Passerina ...
Passiflora ...
Passiflorese
Pastinaca ...
Pavetta
Pavonia
Pedalinee ...
Peddeia
Pelargonium
Peliostomum
Pellzea
Pennisetum
Pentanisia ...
Te I
Pentarrhinum
Pentas
Peutaschistis
Pentopetia ...
Pentzia
Peperomia ...
Peponia
Pergularia ...
Periglossum
Periplocee ...
Peristrophe
sce 55
152, 157, 158
166, 175
164, 175
a. Ot, do
.. 66, 71
114
151, 155, 161
.. 60, 62
.. 88, 85
.. 59, 61
151, 156, 162
.. 83, 84
.. 67, 72
100, 101
Perotis
Persea ane
Petalactella
Petaloideae
Petroselinum
Peucedanum
Phalarides...
Phalaris
Phares
Pharnaceum
Phaseolez ...
Phaseolus ...
Phaylopsis ...
Phillipia
Phoenix
Phormium ..,
Phragmites
Phygelius ...
Phylica
Phyllanthus
_ Phyllopodinm
Phy matodes
Physalis
Phiytolacea ...
Phytolacceze
Pimpinella ...
Piper
Piperaceze
Pistia
Pittosporum
Pittosporese
Plantaginez
Plantago
Platanthera
Platycarpha
Platylepis ...
Plectranthus
Plectronia ...
Pleroma
Pleurostylia .
Plumbagines
Plumbago ...
Poa Bh tit
Podalyria ...
Podaly ries
Podocarpus
Podostemaceze
Pogonarthria
Pollichia ..,
150, 152, 157, 162
112
366; FL
15
Hi 56
i 2903.59
152, 157, 158
152, 158, 163
153, 159
is 5D
ey ee
sc, OL; Aad
99, 100
steed he ee
141
i 134
151, 156, 162
. 93, 95
ae Oey oo
117, 118
5 DE 95
iat 173
vie ON, OL
109, 110
13, 14, 109
relay |
1L1, 112
14, 111
142
: 22
4, 8, 22
12, 13, 106
106, 107
A
153, 159, 163
v.87, 40
ae
bar. ee
13, 14, 111
152, 157, 162
ae HE
Pollinia —... 150, 153, 154, 160
Polycarpeea sia 23
Polyearpon 23
Polygala ... 22
Polygalee ... 8, 22
Polygonacese .14, 110
Polygonum 110, 111
Poly petalese ode 1)
Poly podiacese 164, 167
Polypodium 164, 165, 173
Polypogon ... 150, 151, 156, 162
Polystachya 124, 125
Popowia 34 EZ OES
Popalus 121
Portulaca ... 93
Portulacaria e 23
Portulacere 7, 8, 23
Potamogeton 1 SS
Potamophila 152, 158, 163
Pouzolsia ... yoo katie
Primulaceze won Loe
Printzia . 66, 71
Prionum 140, 141
Priva 102, 103
Protea 113
Proteacez ... 13, 1138
Protorhus ... 35
Psammotropha Sy)
Pseudarthria 38, 42
Psilotrichum 108, 109
Psilotum 177
Psoralea 38, 41
Psychotria... 60, 62
Psychotriez 59, 60
Pteris s 165, 169
Pterocelastrus 31, 32
Pteroxylon... . 33, 34
Pterygodium 125, 127
Pulicaria - 66, 71
Pupalia 108, 109
Putterlichia ... ol, 32
Pycnostachys 104, 106
Pycreus 145, 146
Pygeum . 44, 45
Pyrenacantha 5 dl
Pyrethrum... 63
Quisqualis ... 49
Rafnia 37, 40
BRandia, * 0. 60, 61
194
Ranunculaceze rae
Ranunculus i?
Raphionacme 83, 84
Rauwolfia ... 81, 82
Rawsonia ... 21
Relhania 66, 71
Reseda 20
Resedacee ... 4, 8, 20
Restiacez ... 15, 144
Restio 144
Rhamnee ... 9, 32
Rhamnus ... =) fies 63
Rhamphicarpa 94, 96
Rheum 110
Rhinacanthus 99; “100, 101
Rhipsalis ... i 54, 50
Rhizocarpeee 16, 178
Rhizophora 48
Rhizophorez 10, 48
Rhododendron 76
Rhodorhiza 89
Rhus 34, 35
Rhynchocalyx 50, 51
Rhynchosia 39, 43
Rhynchospora 146, 147
Richardia ... « @ 142
Richardsonia aie BE
Ricinus 116, 117, 119
Riocreuxia... .. 84, 86
Roella 75, 76
Romulea 129, 130
Roridula As 46
Rosaces... ... LO, 44
Rottboellia... 150, 154, 160
Royena . 79, 80
Rubia . 58, 61, 62
Rubiacee ... 11, 58, 98
Rubus 44, 45
Ruellia 99, 100
Ruellie H y9
Rumex 110, 111
Rutaceee 9,28
Ruttya ‘ 100, LO1
Saccharum... 150, 153, 154, 160
Sagus eae
Salacia ns | Pas |
Salicines ... A, 14, 121
Salicornia ... of OOo
Salix 121
Salvia
Samolus
Samy daceze
Sandersonia
Sanicula
Sanserviera
Santalaces...
Santalum ...
Sapindacese
Sapindus
Sapotaces ...
Sarcostemma
Saturines ...
Satyrium
Saxifragee ...
Scabiosa
Scevola
Schistostephium
Schizea
Schizeacese ..
Schizobasis
Schizochilus
Schizoglossum
Schizostylis
Schmidelia...
Schoeneze
Schoenoxiphium
Schotia
Schrebera ...
Scilla
Scilleze
Scirpes ase
Scirpo-schoenes
Scirpus
Scitaminese
Scleria
Sclerocarya
Sclerochiton
Scolopia
Scrophularinez
Scutia
Sebeea
Secamone ...
Secamoneer...
Seidelia
Selaginess ...
Selaginella...
Selaginellacese
Selago
105, 106
. 71,78
13, ‘14, 115
coat ee
.. 10, 33
: 34
12, 78
82, 83, 85
104
"164, 175
134, 136, 138
Pas
eet
144, 14
144, 145, 14
"16, 178
101, 102
Selinum
Senebiera ...
Senecio
_ Senecionidese
Sericocoma...
Serpicula
Sesamum
Sesbania
Seseli
Setaria
Sida
Sideroxylon
Siegesbeckia
Silene
Sisymbrium
Sisyrinchiese
Sisyranthus
Sium
Smilaceze
Smilax
Smithia
Smodingiom
Solanacesr ...
Solanum
Sonchus
Sophora
Sophorese
Sopubia
Soymida
Sparmannia
Spartina
Spergula
Spermacoce
S permacoceze
Spheralcea...
Spheranthus
Spherothylax
Sphedamnocarpus
Spilanthes ...
Spinacia
Spondia
-Sporobolez. :
Sporobolus ...
Stachydee ..
Stachys
Stangeria ..
Stapelia
Stapelieze
Statice ..,
2, 25
150, 152
23
.. 61, 62
... 59, 61
... 24, 25
.. 66, 70
"152, 157
152, 157, 162
104, 105
105, 106
122, 123
.. 84, 86
1. 83, 84
TES
Stellaria ...
Stenochlena
Stenoglottis
Stenotaphrum 150,151, 155, 161
one (Ady, Oe
nai h\ ela
124, 126
Stephania ... 18
Sterculiacese sve, UOyoeO
Stiburus 153, 159, 163
Stipa 151; 157, 162
Stipes 151, 155, 157
Stoboea iP nis 74
Stoebe see OO, fa
Strelitzia 127, 128
Streptocarpus 97
Striga ie 92, 94, 96
Strophanthus 81, 82
Struthiola ... . 114
Strychnos ... dee SOB
Stylochiton aga eae
Stylocoryne sie 61
Stylosanthes 38, 42
Sutera 94, 95
Si tharlandin 36, 38, 49
Swietenia ... are 30
Sycomorus ... Leys
Symphytum ae 88
Synadenium 116, bbe
Syncolostemon 104, 105
Syringa —«.. an 80
Tabernemontana 81, 82
Taccazea 83, 84,
Talinum ... ee 23
Tanacetum... bein 72
Tarchonanthus 64, 65, 69
Tecomaria ... bef 98
Tectona ... 1p 102
Teedia Ss 93, 95
Telfairea ... bag 53
Tenaris . 83, 85
Tephrosia ... 38, 41, 42
Teramnus ... . 39, 42
Terminalia... sia 48
Testudinaria RR aig
Tetrachne ... 150
Teucrium ... 108, “105, 106
Thalamiflorez 7
Thalictrum WM 17
Theobroma... oi 25
Thespesia ... . 24, 25
Thesium ,., Be 115
Thunbergia 99, 100
Thunbergiez . 99
Thymeliaceze my be ph es
Tilia c 26
Tiliacese Pee Ay
Tillwa . 45, 46
Toddalia - 29
Todea 166, 175
Toxanthera 53,04
Trachy pogon 150, 154, 160
Tragia 117, 119
Tragopogon 64
Tragus .. 150, 152, 157, 162
Trapa ol
Trema 120
Tribulus 28
Tricalysia ... 60, 61
Trichilia 30
Trichinium 108, 109
Trichocladus ch 47
Tricholena... 151, 155; 162
Trichomanes 164, 165, 166
Trichopteryx 151, 156, 162
Tridax MG. aa.
Trifoliese 36, 37
Trifolium ... 36, 37, 41
Triglochin ... 143
Trimeria sth 21
Tripteris en nk ee
Triraphis .. 152, 158, 163
Tristachya... 151, 156, 162
Tristicha ae eae
Tritonia 128, 129, 130
Triumfetta 26, 27
Trochomeria - 53
Tryphostemma se 52
Tulbaghia ... “185, 138
Tulipa 134
Turrea 30
Tussilago ... ee 64
Tylophora ... . 84, 85
Typha ee?) 1a
Typhacee ,.. 4, 15, 142
Tysonia ... 88, 89
Unobelliferess in 56, 109
Uncaria . 58, 91
Uniovulate... 116
Urelytrum ..,
Urera
150, 154, 169
120
Urginea
Urochlena...
Urostigma ...
Ursinia
Urtica
Urticacez ...
Utricularia
Uvaria :
Valeriana ...
Valerianez...
Valerianella
Vaudessa
Vangueria...
Vangueries
Vellozia
Vellozier ...
Venidium ...
Verbena
Verbenacese
Vernonia ...
V ernoniacese
Veronica
Vicese
Vicia
Vigna
Viola
Violaries ...
Viscum
Vitex
Vitis
Vittaria
Voacanga ...
Voandzeia ..
Vulpia —
Wahlenbergia
Walafrida ..
Waltheria ...
Watsonia ...
Webera
Wedelia
Weihea :
Withania ...
Wolffia
W oodsia :
Wrightia ....
Wurmbea ..
Xanthium ,,,
Xanthorrea
Ximenia ...
12, 13, 102
65, 68, 69
153, 159, 163
_ 7, 76
‘101, 102
... 25, 26
128, 129, 130
, 61
136, 139
64, 66, 71
ae
31
Xylosma
Xymalos
Xyridez
_ Xyris ‘
Xysmalobium
Zaluzianskya
Zannichellia
Zanthoxylum
Zehneria
Zeuxine
Zingiberacese
Zinnia
Zizyphus
Zornia
Zostera
Zoysiee ...
Zygophyllexe
eAONK Os
eA
124, 126
seainy Den
.- COpe ae
w.. 02, 3d
... 38, 42
Priors e's,
152, 155, 157
4, 9, 27
INDEX
Aloe
Allspice
Almond
Amatungulu
American Aloe
Ammoniac Gum
Angelica
Anise
Apple
Apricot
Areca Nut...
Arnica
Arnotto
Arrack
Arrowroot ...
Artichoke ...
Asafoetida...
Ash
Asparagus...
Assegai Wood
Auricula
Ava
Avocado Pear
Balm :
Balm of Bilesd
Banana
B: tobab
Basil A)
Bastard Peiaot
Bdellinm
Bean
Beet
Bevonia
Belhambra...
Belladonna
Bella-Sombra
Bird Lime ...
Blackberry
Black Jack...
Black Pepper
Bogwort...
Boot Lace Fern
Borage ‘
Bottlebr x. ‘Natal
Bowstring Hemp
Bracken
TO POPULAR
131, 134
198
Bramble
Brazil Nut...
Bread Fruit
Brinjal
Bryonia
Buchu ys
Buck-bean ...
Buckthorn, Syrup of
Buckwheat...
Buffelsdoorn .
Bullet Tree
Bulrush
Buttercup ...
Cabbage
Cabbage Palm
Cabbage Tree
Cactus
Cajeput Oil
Calamander Wood
Calumba Root
Camphor
Canada Balsam
Cane
Canna
Canterbur y Bell
Caoutchoue
Cape Beech
Cape Box ...
Cape Gooseberry
Caper
Capsicum ..,
Carapa
Caraway
Cardamoms
Caruation ...
Carrot “is
Cashew Nut
Cassava
Cassia Bark
Castor Oil ...
Catawba
Cedar
Celery
Gaie y: Wild
Centaury
Cerbera
NAMES.
Cherimoyer
Cherry. 5-2.
Chickweed...
Chickory
Chillie
China Grass
Chives
Chocolate ...
Cinchona
Cinnamon ..
Citrus
Clarkia He
Clearing Nut
Clematis
Cloves
Cochineal ...
Cockscomb
Cocoa +3
Cocoa Nut Palm
Cocoa Plum
Coffee
Coir
Cola Se
Colocynth ...
Coltstfoot
Comfrey
Coriander ...
Cotton
Cow Tree ...
Crab Oil
Cress
Cubebs
Cucumber ..
Cumin
Curare des
Custard Apple
Cyclamen ...
Cypress
Dammar Gum
Date Palm...
Deal
Dock
Drogue amere
Dutch Rushes
HKau-de-Cologne
Ebony ie.
Egg Plant ...
Kkubalu
Elemi eas
"107,
Kschalot
Essenwood...
Kvening Primrose
Fennel
Ferns
Fig
Fir ca
Flatcrown ...
Flax "
Fool’s Parsley
Forget Me Not
Foxglove
Knehsia
Fuller's Teazel
Gambir
Gamboge
Garlic
Gherkin
Ginger
Ginger Beer
Ginseng...
Golden Fern
Granadilla...
Grape Vine
Grapple Plant
Grass Gum Tree
Ground Ivy
Guaco |
Guava
Guggar
Gulugulu ...
Gum Dammar
Gutta Percha
Heath
Hemlock
Heibane
Henna
Hibiscus
Hiccup Nut
Holly
Horehound...
Hottentot Fig
Hyacinth ...
Hyssop
Ignatius Bean
I-jalapa
Imbuya
Imfe-ye-inkala
Indian Pink
89
"107, 108
50
22
Indian Tobacco
India Rubber
Indigo
Indungult ...
Insect Powder
Insukubili ...
Indungamusi
Invendhle ...
Ipecacuanha
Trabuja
lron Wood...
Iron Wood, Black
Isabella
Isidende
Isinana
Isona
Ivy ae
Jacaranda ...
Jack
Jaggery
Jalap
J apanese Persimmon ...
Jasmine ...
Jerusalem Artichoke
Jute site
Kaffir-boom
Kaftir Bread
Kaffir Orauge
Kari
Kauri Pine
Kava Se
Kei Apple ...
Knobthorn...
Lacebark
Lac Insect ...
Landolphia
Laurel
Lavender ...
Leek
Lesser Hemlock
Lignum-vite
Lilac
Lily
Lime
Linden
Linseed
Litchi
Lobelia
Longaan ...
“122,
200
Long Pepper
Loquat :
Madder
Madumbi ...
Mahaden
Mahogany ...
Mango
Mangold Wurzel
Mangosteen
Mangrove ...
Manioc
Manna :
Mares Tiles:
Marjoram ...
Marrow
Marvel of Peru
Maté ie
Mauritius Hemp
Meadow Saffron
Medlar
Melon ;
Melon, Water
Mignionette
Milkwood ...
Minaret Flower
Mint
Mistletoe
Monkey- pot
Mulberry ...
Mustard
Myrabolaus
Myrrh
Myrtle
Nard, Celtic
Nectarine ...
Nettle
New Viedland Flax
Noyau
Oil of Lavendad
Olibanum ...
Olive Oil
Onderbosch
Onion
Ordeal Tree
Orris Root..
Osiers ;
Palmiet
Palm Oil
Papaine
29
Papaw
Papyrus
Paraguay ‘J'ea
Pariera Brava
Parsley
Parsnip...
Passion Flower
Patient Leaves
Pea
Peach
Pear :
Pennyroyal.
Pepper
Peppermint
Pepper Pot
Periwinkle...
Persian Tiscet Powder
Persimmon
Pimpernel ...
Pine °
Pine, Kauri
Pink
Pitch :
Pitch-pine ..
Plum
Poison Ivy...
Pokeweed ...
Polypody ...
Poplar
Poppy
Potato a
Prickley Comfr ey
Pride of India
Primrose
Pulque
Pumpkin
Purslane
Quince
Quinine
Radish
_ Rape
Raspberry ...
Red Wood ...
Rhodium, Oil of
Rhubarb
Rice-paper ...
Rood-Els
Room Dye...
Rosemary ...
201
Rosin
Rue
Safflower
Saffron
Saffranhout
Sage
Sage-wootl ...
Sago a
Sago Palm ...
Salep
Salicine
Salsafy
Samphire ...
Sandal-wood
Sapodilla ...
Sapucaya Nut
Sarsaparilla
Savory
Scabious
Scammony...
Sedges
Sesamum ...
Shea Butter
Sherbet
Silver Fern
Sneezewood
Snowdrop ...
Snowflake ...
Sorrell
Soursop
Southern wood
Spekboom ...
Spikenard ...
Spinach
Star Apple...
Stinkwood ..
Stramonium
Strawberry
Strychnine...
Sugar-bush
Sumach
Sundew
Sweet Gale...
Sweet Potato
Sweetsop
Sweetwilliam
Syringa
Syrup of Buckhorn
Tansy
107, 109, 110
oe 78
112
91
Tapioca
Tar
Taro
Tarragon
Teak
Teazel
Telfairia
Theobroma
Thyme
Tobacco
Tomato
Tonga
Turmeric
Turnip
Turpentine...
Turpentine, Venice
Tussa bet
Udonquabata
Ukanoti
Umabope ...
Umahaden ...
Umbom vane
Umbondwe
Umbrella Fern
Umfusamvu
Umgano
Umgulugulu
Umgwenya
Umnaname
Umnofunofu
Umondi
Umsuswaan
Umtabaan ...
"128,
202
Umtati
Umtongwaan
Umtunduluku
Umumbu
Umvemvani
Umzimbiti...
Upas
Valerian
Vanilla
Varnish :
Varnish Tree
Vegetable Marrow
Vegetable Mercury
Vervain
Violet
Waterboom
Watercress
Water Hemlock
Water Lily
Water Trefoil
White Beet
White Mangrove
White Milkwood
White Pear
White Pepper —
Wild Banana
Wildboschout
Wild Plum
Wild Poppy
Willow a
Willow Herb
Winter Cherry
Witch weed
Wormwood
Yam vie
Yellow Wood
Zebra Wood
FARES Bo
New York Botanical Garden Library
P | OK 403.5 WES
042 231
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