ayy) Van Ni CPT yn Paine HAND-LIST SEALS, MORSES, SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS IN THE Peiol list MUSE UM. BY Dr J. H. GRAY, ERS. &c., KEEPER OF THE ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT, [THIRTY PLATES OF sxur gh ASON Ay Cc "ATIOWAL ZOOLOGICAL PAR \s INSTITUTION LONDON: — PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM, A ¥Byas K / PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. ee aed PREFACE. In this Hand-list it is proposed to give an account of all the speci- mens of the Seals, Morses, Sea-lions, and Sea-bears in the British Museum. Many of these have been described in :— 1. The Catalogue of Specimens of Mammalia in the British Mu- seum. By Dr. J. E.Gray. Part II. Seals. 12mo. 1850. Woodcuts of skulls. 2. The Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 8vo. 1866. Woodcuts of skulls, 3. The Supplement to the Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 8vo. 1871. The new species discovered, or improvements made in the ar- rangement of the Pinnipedia, since the publication of these Cata- logues have been adopted, and references made to the works in which such species have been described. When any of the specimens have served as the types of a de- scription or figure of a species in a scientific work, reference is made to where the description and figure are to be found. Whenever a specimen has been presented or obtained directly from a collector, the name of the presenter or collector and the habitat sent with the specimen have been recorded; but the greater number of the specimens have been obtained from dealers, with only the most general habitats. The condition in which the specimen is preserved, its size, and the age and sex, when known with certainty, are recorded. JOHN EDWARD GRAY. British Museum, June 15, 1874. . . . > «3 aie soe. BO ee mee ut or -s $3 4006. ore Pee ure 46 ; ays Wed sian ht Tole OP Weve’ eek Git fe - 7 S . 4 + P \ 3 P ‘ > * Oxt Gees. Pe ‘ ‘ ’ 4 ye, ths -¢ z . ’ " e Fi - , r ~ . ‘ yr ‘ 7 e1ue * + 4 4Te ’ wae & we Den Sobned naa yes fy Vite ik. | Re r % Stas ‘ has I . . ~J af «CS Siw 5 4 c : Tas ois) ae ; . eral - . . as s . es . . t) 'f . Th + f . f om >i - aN 2 ww oue - a. »s 34 . * oe < ~* ? «6% ah ws * * “ it x2 ; y . 2 r ser DE $ ree \ tos i ? ‘ ; . rie Dade . ‘ HP baw cb a -~ ¢ . 7 ia) on . pty & . b i fet eed wet & ys é . - F were 7 . "ea 1 ‘ ‘af ; = ia J or ors ay 3 Wy cP al oe > Pee Va Weare a val -. 4 . » , y wey . “+ y ‘ ' ac? he b T « * ‘ . oa ? . ‘ 4 whe, : ‘ rg a yyived v 5 ‘ 7) Pa As of! \ etseele 2 ‘ or oat 3 5 4 ‘ . . ‘ ‘ ‘ et a mY ‘ - we teas ees ng Fa baie iw wee 4 + Tat a * ‘e "1ai,! i ‘ 7 * ar y - * ry = j ’ wat 7 | ’ we -. ‘ a. ax 4 +» alte See Pe) i ’ j 3 ik ¥ . ’ > é&xa wt oy > t : I ¢ F- i -. 4 = a - Le & ‘ ¥ ) > % i hae © nd’ an Baeiae 4 ae ' “Sat of a fie « . : He i y . P 7 ae . ‘ «y ' uy. +d :2 ee r ig 1 JS St i " ea) aft ne ¥ ” . ~ > ‘ * : " Y ver ‘ “ te ek ka ee ee _* Pichi = [tate iF Uite ‘ * we * - ° : « ft . 7 pl Saveati yo { a es I + : ce oe i 4 pe'S Vide inte OR Gad VOIDS ii ‘* u . ve! © ‘ 4 a p aS Cece = 1 » 4 > Saw coe . ie 278 FOS? » TO toe ashy DP YO ss ob , 4 ey “a. : ’ afé » 4 4 nyt pe 2 . » Oe TE Ea oet Maes DP Re hd Lt2 we ae Tae eae . ‘ - , Ff . geal if a i ) . P wil (Obi DO. Teed PIG ie sk OFS slow ieuin oieh 24 BAR AERe i <> \ +4 $ ? st m3 ro f if afk Hetil Weep ge See aT Ca ah ti auras ont ; hela eie aiw for cde Lik oe ky a. :. of AES ee VWTEMT PAUP ij Avital Tach. qeeninete ht: Saitek AVEC al on HAND-LIST or SEALS, MORSES, SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS, Suborder PINNIPEDIA, Gray, Suppl. Cat, Seals & Whales, p. 1. The fur of several kinds of Seals changes so much in colour during their life, and presents such different appearances from youth to adult, and even old, age, that it does not afford a reliable cha- ravter for the distinction of the species. The best external characters are the extent and nakedness of the muzzle, the smoothness or wavi- ness of the whiskers, and the extent of hairiness between the toes ; but the most certain characters of the species are afforded by the skulls and the form of the grinders ; and these characters are more permanent than the external ones. The skull does not alter its shape, except in the development of the scar and ridges for the attachment of the temporal muscle ; and the permanent teeth (which are developed very soon after the birth of the animal) remain of the same form during life. The milk-teeth of the Seals and Sea-lions &c. are very small, and are shed very early in life, indeed soon after birth, and replaced by the permanent series when the animals are a few weeks old, The permanent teeth, when the crowns are first developed, are more sharply marked than in the adult, for the edges of the lobes or ridges become worn off as the animal increases in age. The teeth become more separated from each other by the development of the jaw-bones: in other respects they retain their characters throughout life. The position of the teeth with regard to the bones of the skull remains the same during the entire life of the animal; they retain the same place in the very young and in the adult skull; and the position of the grinders often affords a good means of dividing the species into genera, For example, Mr, Allen, in his plates of R 2 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, the northern Sea-bear (Callorhinus ursinus), figures the skull and teeth of two adult animals and the skull of one only thirty-five days old—the latter showing the teeth exactly placed as in the figures of the two adult specimens. These skulls also exhibit the varieties that exist in the form of the hinder opening to the nostrils of the same species, the chief difference arising in the more or less imperfect manner in which the hinder margin of the palate is developed. Family 1. PHOCIDA, Gray, Suppl. Cat. Seals & Whales, p. 1. Nose simple, not wrinkled nor extended. Grinders: crown com- pressed, lobed ; roots of all, or at least of hinder ones, double. I. Nasal bones separate ; cutting-teeth erect ; claws of hind feet moderate. (Northern hemisphere. ) Tribe 1. PHOCINA, Gray, Suppl. Cat. Seats & Whales, p. 2. A. Cutting-teeth § ; grinersd compressed, crown lobed. * Skull depressed; crown of adult with a linear ridge, diverging into a triangle " behind. qt 1. CALLOCEPHALUS, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 20 ; Suppl. B.. 2. Callocéphale, F. Cuvier, Mém. Mus. xi. t. xii. nos. 1-4, -Lower grinders 4-lobed. Palate-opening arched, with a notch in the middle. Crown of the adult skull with an elongate linear ridge between the temporal muscles, suddenly diverging behind. Grinders: upper front roundish, the rest with compressed crowns and with an obscure marginal lobe in front and a rather larger one behind; lower grinders with one marginal tubercle before and two behind the rather larger central one ; the second lower grinder placed rather obliquely to the series. The teeth in the very young skull are crowded, the 2nd and 3rd upper and lower grinders being placed obliquely to the line of the jaw, the 3rd and 4th level; but this is not se distinct in the adult skull. 1. CatLocerHaLes vituLinus, Gray, Cat. Seals & Whales, p. 20. Phoque commune, F. Cuvier, Mém, Mus. xi. p. 183, t. xii, no. 1, Animal, stuffed. Belfast (W. Thompson). Animal, stuffed, English coast. Animal, stuffed, adult. 329 d. Skeleton of ditto, wanting some teeth. English coast (Zool. Soczety). SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS, 3 Animal, stuffed. 329 f. Skeleton of ditto. _ Coast of Wales. Animal just born, stuffed. 1004f. Skull of very young, just born, with bones separate, the milk-canines still existing by the side of the new ones, Phoca feetida, Zool. Soe. North Sea (Zool. Soc.). 329 a. Skeleton, young, mounted. Coast of England (Mantell). 329 e. Skeleton. Skull nearly full-grown, with central ridge slightly developed. Phoca annulata, Warwick. Greenland (Warwick). 47. 8. 22.38. 3297. Skeleton. Europe (Zool, Society). 329 q. Skeleton. Skull half-grown, witha broad central crown that gradually widens behind. Europe (Zool. Society). 329h. Skeleton of adult. Skull (Pl. I.) solid and depressed, rather broad, 84 in. long and 53 in. broad; crown with a narrow ridge between the temporal muscles, which widens before to the middle of the orbit and suddenly diverges behind, leaving a broad triangular area. Coast of Holland (Zool. Soc.). 68. 3. 21. 1. 329 b. Skull (fig. 1) half-grown: crown broad, elongate, triangular. Callocephalus vitulinus, Gray, Cat. Mam. B. M., Seals, p. 21, f. 7 ; Cat. Seals & Whales, p. 21, f. 7. Greenland (Moller). 43. 6. 23. 3. Fig. 1. Callocephalus vitulinus. BQ 4 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, 329¢,. Skull, half-grown, with broad, elongate, triangular crown. Greenland (Moller). 46, 3, 23. 27. Skull, nearly adult: crown elongate, narrow, triangular; without lower jaw. Greenland. 2. HALICYON, Gray, Cat. Seals & Whales, p. 27; Suppl. p. 2. Crown of adult skull with a linear ridge dividing the temporal muscles. Lower grinders 3-lobed. Palate, hinder opening arched in front. Grinders of upper jaw in a close regular series: the front small, with a rounded crown and one very small lobe on the front and hinder edge and one root, the rest with compressed crowns and two roots; the second placed rather obliquely to the line of the jaw, with a slight collaret on the front angle and two small lobes on the hinder angle; the third, fourth, and fifth placed even with the edge of the jaw, with avery small front and one larger hinder lobe ; the fifth tooth the smallest. The lower jaw with the first tooth small, with two very small lobes on the hinder part of the collaret ; the second rather oblique; the rest straight, with a distinct well- developed lobe on the front and hinder edge, the hinder lobe being the largest. 1. Harrcyon Ricwarpst, Gray, Cat, Seals § Whales, p. 30. Phoca vitulina (part.), Clark, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 556, 1431 a. Skeleton, adult, Skull, zygoma imperfect ; crown narrow in front, gradually becoming wider behind. British Columbia, Fraser River. 64. 2. 19. 1. Presented by Surgeon C. B. Wood. 14316. Skull. Front of crown very narrow, becoming triangular behind. Halicyon Richardii, Gray, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 30, figs. 1,4; Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 28, fig. 9. Vancouver’s Island, Presented by Surgeon C. B. Wood. 1431 ¢. Skull (Pl. I1.), adult. Lower jaw thickened. Japan, Todonasiri (4A. Adams). 73. 10. The three skulls in the British Museum difter among themselves ; but all differ from that of Callocephalus vitulinus, in which species corresponding individual differences of skull are seen. The basioccipital bone of 14516 has a large round hole, which in i431qa is reduced to asmall size, and in 1431 c is entirely obliterated. The three skulls vary in width between the outer sides of the zygo- matic arch, 14316 being 4 inches, 1431¢ 53 inches, and 148la 6 inches. They all differ in the opening of the internal nostril, which is rounded in front, that of 14316 being the widest, that of 1431a a little narrower, and that of 1431l¢ narrower still and the front edge more rounded. This may be a sexual character. They all differ from the front edge of the internal nostril of C. vitulinus in the front edge being rounded, instead of being angular and notched in the middle. ~ SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEAKS, 2) The grinders of the three skulls of H. Richardsi agree in being larger, broader, and with more distinct and longer lobes to the crown than in any of our specimens of C, vitulinus. The lower edge of the lower jaw in 14316 and 14314 is rather compressed, with a decided prominence under the 3rd and 4th grinders, which is very different from the dilated edge of the lower jaw of C. vitulinus; but in the more adult skull of 1431c, from Japan, the whole lower jaw is very much thicker and more solid ; and though there is a ridge showing where the prominence is in the younger skulls, the internal side of the jaw is somewhat thickened, so that the prominence is not so distinct as in the two other jaws. Mr. J. W. Clark, who has a skull and skeleton of this Seal from San Francisco (P. Z. §. 1873, p. 556), considers it “the same as Phoca vitulina.” He appears to have founded this opinion on one of the characters assigned to the species, and not on a comparison of the skulls. The adult skull is like that of C. vitulinus, has the temporal muscles divided by a very narrow ridge, but differs from it in the following particulars In Halicyon Richardsi the space between the orbits is broad, with a prominent ridge above, which gradually tapers to a short narrow edge; this ri ideo j in the front part of the brain-case widens and gra- dually diverges to the sides, leaving a narrow triangular space, which is twice as long as broad at the hinder edge. In the skull of the adult Callocephalus vitulinus the central ridge is linear, gradually widening in front to the hinder part of the septum between the orbits, and behind the middle of the brain-case diverging off into two ridges, leaving a broad triangular space, which is rather shorter than bread, at the hinder edge of the brain-case. The front margin of the hinder nostrils of the three specimens of Halicyon is rounded and entire, and of all the specimens of Callo- cephalus is deeper, with an angular notch in the middle of the front edge. The lower jaw of Halicyon Richardsi 1s much shorter and more laterally spread out than the lower jaw of Callocephalus vitulinus of nearly the same size, and the hinder end of the lower jaw of Halicyon is very much longer than that of Callocephalus vitulinus. The skin of Halicyon Richards is unknown, and has not been compared with that of the Common Seal of Europe ; and though the skulls have some similarity, still there may be a great difference in the external appearance of the animals. Many animals with dif- ferent EMO geet E Ge have nearly allied skulls, and the con- Vv ar external they have different osteological citi oba * Skull elongate; crown of adult flat, broadly triangular from between the orbits. 3. PAGOMYS, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 22; Suppl. p. 2. Crown of the adult skull broad, triangular, narrow between the 6 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, orbits, gradually becoming very wide behind. Grinders at upper front one simple, 2nd and 3rd with two small lobes behind the larger one, 4th and 5th with a lobe on each side of the larger one: lower front grinder small, 3-lobed; 2nd and 3rd largest, 4-lobed, one lobe in front and two behind the larger one; 4th and 5th similar to the former, but with the fourth hinder lobe very small, almost rudimentary. 1. Pacomys rerivus, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 28. Phoca hispida, F. Cuvier, 1. c. p. 189, t. xii. no. 3 (skull). Animal, stuffed. North Sea (Parzudaki). Animal, stuffed. 10046. Skull, broken behind. 50. 2, 12. 9. North Sea. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. Animal, stuffed. 10044, Skull, imperfect behind. 50. 2. 12. 10. North Sea. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. Animal, young, stuffed. North Sea. Animal, stuffed. North Sea. 1004 e. Skull, adult, much broken. North Sea. 52. 3.11. 4. 1004 ¢. Skull (Pl. III.), perfect, nearly adult. North Sea (Argent). 1004 d. Skull, partly broken, young. North Sea (Argent). 51. 8. 30. 13. The teeth of Phoca nummularis of Japan belong to this genus; but the grinders of the lower jaw are rather shorter and broader and more close together, and the central lobe considerably larger, thicker, and stronger, and all the lobes more acute. 4, PAGOPHILUS, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 25; Suppl. p. 2. Crown of the adult skull flat, narrow in front near the orbits, and gradually becoming very wide behind. Grinders forming a regular series ; the upper ones with a compressed crown, having a small lobe on the hinder edge and a very indistinct lobe on the front edge. The lower grinders with a distinct lobe on the front edge and two on the back edge of the central acute lobe, the hinder one being some- times very small and indistinct. 1. Pacorniius GReNLANDICUS, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 25. Phoea greenlandica, F. Cuv. lc. t. xii. no. 2; Murie, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 604, t. xxxii. (animals from life). Animal, nearly adult, stuffed. 44.1. 18. 6. SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS. 4 328 e. Skull (fig. 2). 44. 2. 2. 82. Pagophilus greenlandicus, Gray, Cat. Mam. B. M., Seals, p. 25, f. 8 ; Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 26, f. 8 (skull), Greenland. Pagophilus grenlandicus. Animal, young, stuffed. North Sea. Animal, nearly adult, stuffed. 328 9. Skull of ditto. Hudson’s Bay. Presented by G. Barnston, Esq. Animal, young, stuffed. Newfoundland. Presented by the Newfoundland Natural-History Society. Animal, young, stuffed. Newfoundland. Presented by the Newfoundland Natural-History Society. Skin, male. North Sea (Argent). 52.1. 16. 2. Skin. North Sea (Brandt). 44. 3. 14. 4. Skin of young animal. 1004. Skull of ditto. Greenland (Zo0/. Soc.). 328 f. Skeleton. Greenland (Brandt). 328 6. Skull, nearly adult. Greenland (Moller), 43.6. 2. 10. 328h. Skull, nearly adult. Greenland (Moller). 48.6, 28. 5. 8 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, 3281. Skull. Greenland ? 328 o. Skull, young. Greenland (2iippell). 3287. Skull, nearly adult. Greenland (Moller), 43. 6. 23. 4. 328 a, Skull, nearly adult. Greenland (Moller). 48. 6. 23.7. 328k. Skull, smaller, half-grown. Greenland (Méller). 43, 6. 23. 9. 328). Skull, young, 52 inches long. No lower jaw. Greenland (Moller). 43.10. 7. 9. 328 g. Skull, crown broken. ‘Two years old.” Hudson’s Bay. Presented by G. Barnston, Esq. 328 ¢. Skull, nearly adult. Greenland (Moller). 328 d. Skull (Pl. IV.), adult. Greenland (Moller). 43. 6. 23.6. *** Skull ventricose, crown convex. Grinders obscurely lobed, far apart. 5. PHOCA, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 31; Suppl. p. 3. Grinders far apart; front small, simple, one-rooted, rest two-rooted ; 3rd, 4th, and 5th with an obscure lobe on the hinder edge. Phoca barbata. 1, Puoca BAaRBATA, Gray, Suppl. Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 8; F. Cuvier, lc. poaeoyit. xi, no: 4. SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS. 9 Animal, adult, stuffed. North Sea ( Warwick). Skin. North Sea. 327 a. Skeleton, length 8 feet. Skull (fig. 3). 46. 4.21. 16. Phoca barbata, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 31, f. 10; Cat. Mamm. B. M., Seals, p. 27, fig. 9 (skull). North Sea (Brandt). 327 6. Front of skull and lower jaw. North Sea. 327 ¢. Skull, adult: palate and front broken. (Pl. V.) North Sea. B. Cutting-teeth © or 4. The grinders with a conical crown, with a distinct collaret on the inner side, and often a smail lobe on the edge. Lower juw strong. 6. HALICHCERUS, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 33; Suppl. p.3. Cutting-teeth §. Grinders: upper and lower with a more or less distinct lobe on each edge; the 4th upper grinder with a lobe at the base of its front and hinder edge; the 5th upper grinder with a distinct lobe on the base of its front and hinder edge; the rest of grinders simple. 1. Haricua@rvs errpus, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 34. Animal, adult, stuffed. 330 a. Skull (fig. 4), broken. 45. 3.17. 8. Halicheerus grypus, Gray, Cat. S. & W. p. 83, f. 11; Cat. Mamm. B. M., Seals, p, 27, f. 10 (skull). Northumberland, Fern Island. Presented by J. P. Selby, Esq. Fig. 4. 10 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, Animal, half-grown, stuffed. 330 6. Skull (Pl. VII.), young, bones not knit. Northumberland, Fern Island. Presented by J. P. Selby, Esq. Animal, adult, stuffed. Northumberland, Fern Island. Mr. Stokes, who has observed these animals at St. David’s Head, says the pups are grey, as they grow they become spotted and marbled with darker colour. The adults are blackish brown; the old males become bright bay, like a bay horse. 7. MONACHUS, Gray, Cat. Mamm. B. M., Seals, p. 8, £1; Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 8, f. 1 (bones of feet), Suppl. p. 3. Pélarge, Frédéric Cuvier, Mém. Mus. xi. t. xxiii. no. 2 (skull). Monachus albiventer. SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS. 11 - Cutting-teeth 4, conical ; outer largest, with a distinct collaret on inner side; two middle lower decumbent, the rest perpendicular. Grinders es thick, with a broad conical crown, having a distinct collaret on the inner side and a small lobe at each end, placed in a regular series, the front one of the upper and lower jaw being partly on the inner side of the base of the canines, one-rooted, the rest all two-rooted. 1. Monacuvs ALBIVENTER, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 19, and p. 18, fig. 6 (skull, from Cuvier). (Fig. 5.) Animal, young, stuffed. 1063 a, Skull (Pl. VI.), imperfect. Heliophoca atlantica, Gray, Ann. § Mag. N. H. 1854, xiii. p. 201. Madeira, Deserta Grande Island. Presented by R. MacAndrew, Esq. Animal, adult, stuffed. 1063 6. Front of skull with teeth. Madeira, Deserta Grande Island. Presented by R. MacAndrew, Esq. Animal, young, stuffed. 1063 ¢. Skeleton of ditto, mounted. Skull, length 84 inches (Phoca leporina). Algiers (Verreaux). Animal, stuffed. 638. 4. 1. 1. 14214. Skeleton of ditto. Skull, length 10? inches, breadth 73. Senegal. 2. Monacuvs tropicacis, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 20; Suppl. p- 3. a. Animal, stuffed. Jamaica. Il. Nasal bones united together, elongate. Cutting-teeth +, conical, project- ing forwards, Claws of hind feet small. (Southern hemisphere. ) Tribe 2. STENORHYNCHINA, Gray, Suppl. Cat. Seals Whales, p. 3. * Skull oblong elongate. Grinders deeply lobed. 8. STENORHYNCHUS, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 15; Suppl. p- 3. Nasal bones coalesced or partly separated, oblong, four-sided, narrowed, elongate triangular behind. Grinders three-lobed, middle lobe largest. 1. Sreyornnyncuus Lepronyx, Gray,Suppl. Cat.Seals & Whales, p.4. Animal, adult, stuffed. 325a. Skull (fig. 6) of adult. Nasal bones partly separate. (P1.VIII.) 43. 1.8. 4. 12 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, Sten. leptonyx, Gray, Voy. Erebus § Terror, pl. iii. (animal), pl. iv. ; Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 15, f£.5; Cat. Mam. B. M., Seals, p. 12, £.8 (skull). Antarctic seas (Antarctic Evped.). Presented by the Admiralty. Fig. 6. Stenorhynchus leptonye. Skin, unstuffed. 325 6. Skull, imperfect behind, very large. 43. 4. 16. 1. . Antarctic seas (Antarctic Expedition). Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. Animal, adult, stuffed. 325 h. Skull, nose broken: imperfect. 46. 4. 15. 24. Antarctic seas. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 325 c. Skeleton. 44. 10. 29. 9. New Zealand, Pt. Nicholson. Presented by Dr. Frederick Knox. 325 e. Skull and bones of body. Antarctic seas. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 325d. Skull, adult: nearly perfect. Antarctic seas. 46, 4. 15. 28. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 325 f. Skull, nearly adult : nose much broken. Antarctic seas? 47. 9. 4. 2. 325g. Skull, nearly adult : nose broken; nasals partly separated from each other in front. 51. 7. 18. 46. New Zealand. Presented by His Excellency Sir G. Grey, K.C.B. 3257. Skull, adult : nearly perfect. Lord Howe’s Island. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 9, LOBODON, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 8; Suppl. p. 4. Nasal bones united, triangular; elongate when young, broader when old. Grinders five-lobed, second lobe the largest, the three hinder forming a series. " 6) SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS. 13 1. Lopopon carcrnopnaea, Gray, Cat. Seals §& Whales, p. 10, fig. 2 (skull). Phoca carcinophaga, Voy. Péle Sud. Animal, adult, stuffed. Antarctic seas. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. Animal, three-parts grown, stuffed. 43. 11. 16. 20. 326 a. Skull perfect. 43.1. 8. 3. Lobodon carcinophaga, Gray, Voy. Erebus & Terror, pl. ii. (skull). Antarctic seas. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. Skin, adult. 326 b. Skull of ditto, adult: nose broken. 43.11.16. 8. Antarctic seas. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. Skin, adult. Antarctic seas. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 326 g. Skeleton. Antarctic seas. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 326 c. Skull (Pl. [X.), adult: perfect. Antarctic seas. 44. 11. 16. 4. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 326 d. Skull, adult : nose broken. Antarctic seas. 44. 10. 29. 17. Presented by Lieut. A. Smith, R.N. 326 e. Skull (fig. 7), adult: perfect. 44. 10. 29. 18. Lobodon carcinophaga, Gray, Cat. Mamm. B. M., Seals, p. 9, f. 2; Cat. Seals & Whales, p. 9, f. 2. Antarctic seas. Presented by Lieut. A. Smith, R.N. Lobodon carcinophaga. 326 f. Skull, young: perfect. Antarctic seas. 46,4. 15,19. ° Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 14 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, 326h. Skull, three-parts grown: perfect. Antarctic seas. 46. 4. 15. 20. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 3267. Skull, broken in half, nearly adult. Antarctic seas. 46. 4. 15. ** Skull broad, short, depressed. Grinders slightly lobed. 10. LEPTONYX, Gray, Cat. Seals & Whales, p. 11; Suppl. p. 4. Nasal bones united into one, small, oblong triangular, with a subu- late elongated projection behind between the maxillary bones. 1. Lepronyx Weppetuit, Gray, Cat.Seals ¢ Whales, p.12. (PI. X.) Sténorhynque, F. Cuvier, /. c. t. xiii. no. 1. Animal, adult, stuffed. 323 6. Skull, wanting back. 44. 3. 21. 1. Leptonyx Weddellii, Gray, May. N. Hist. 1886. East coast of Patagonia ; Santa Cruz. Presented by Capt. Fitzroy, R.N. Animal, stuffed. 323. a. Skull of ditto: nose broken. 44. 4. 6. 1. L. Weddellii, Gray, Mag. N. Hist. 1836. East coast of Patagonia ; Santa Cruz. Presented by Capt. Fitzroy, R.N. Animal, stuffed, small. L. Weddellii, Gray, Voy. Erebus §& Terror, pl. v. 323 ¢. Skull of ditto (fig. 8). L. Weddellii, Gray, Voy. Ereb. § Terr. pl. vi.; Cat. Seals §& Whales, p- 1, f. 3; Cat. Mamm. B. M., Seals, p. 15, f. 4. Antarctic seas (Antarctic Expedition). Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. Fig. 8. Leptonyx Weddellit. SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS. 15 323d. Skull, nearly perfect: 103 inches long. Antarctic seas (Antarctic Expedition). 46. 4. 25. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 11. OMMATOPHOCA, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p.13; Suppl. p. 4. Nasal bones united, very long, narrow, attenuated behind. 1. Ommarornoca Rossi, Gray, Cat. Seals & Whales, p. 14. Animal, stuffed. 324 a. Skeleton. Skull broken (fig. 9). (Pl. XI.) 43. 11. 25, 4. Ommatophoca Rossii, Gray, Voy. Ereb. § Terr. pl. vii. (animal), pl. vill. figs. 1, 2, 4 (skull); Cat. Mamm. B. M., Seals, p. 19, f. 6; Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 13, f. 4 (skull). Antarctic seas. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. Fig. 9. Ommatophoca Ross. 324c. Skeleton and skull. Antarctic seas. 3246, Skull, nearly complete. 43. 11. 16. 1. Ommatophoca Rossii, Gray, Voy. Ereb. § Terr. pl. viii. figs. 3, 5. Antarctic seas. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. III. Nose transversely wrinkled; male with a dilatile appendage. Skull: nose-hole large ; cutting-teeth +, conical ; grinders + or 2, crown roundish, with swollen roots and small simply plated crowns with a central ridge. Sea-elephants. The skulls of the young and old specimens are very much alike ; the noses of the males are broadly dilated, of females narrower. 16 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, Tribe 3. CYSTOPHORINA, Gray, Suppl. Cat. 8. g W. p. 4. 12. MORUNGA, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 38; Suppl. p. 4. 1. Morunea ELEPHANTINA, Gray, Suppl. Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 4. Macrorhin, F. Cuv. l. c. p. 200, t. xiv. no. 1 (skull, adult). Le Phoque de Patagonie, F. Cuv. 1. c. t. xiv. no. 2 (skull, juv.). Animal, adult, stuffed. 43. 11. 16. 24. Morunga elephantina, Gray, Voy. Ereb. § Terr. pl. ix. (animal), pl. x. Antarctic seas. 334 b. Skeleton. Skull perfect, length 15 in., width 8# (fig. 10). ASMA 62 5. Morunga elephantina, Cat. Mamm. B. M., Seals, p. 35, £12; Cat. Seals & Whales, p. 38, f. 13 (skull). Antarctic seas. Morunga elephantina. Animal, stuffed. Antarctic seas. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. Animal, stuffed. Antarctic seas. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. Skin of young male. Antarctic seas. 334d. Skeleton. Skull perfect ? Cape of Good Hope (Bartlett). Skin. 334 ¢. Skull. South Seas. 334 c¢. Skeleton and skull (83 in, long and 63 in. wide) of a young female (Pl. XII.). Antarctic seas. 46, 4. 15. 21. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS. 17 334 a, Skull of young. Antarctic seas. 13. CYSTOPHORA, Gray, Cat. Seals §& Whales, p. 40; Suppl. p. 5. 1. Cysropnora cristata, Gray, Cat. Seals g Whales, p. 41. Stemmatope, F. Cuvier, J. c. p. 196, t. xiii. no. 3. Animal, adult male, stuffed. 44. 1. 18. 7. 332 6. Skull (fig. 11): length 104 in., breadth 87. 44. 2. 2. 81. Cystophora cristata, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 92 (skull no. 1); Cat. Mamm. B.M., Seals, p. 36, £.13; Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 41, f. 14. Greenland. Cystophora cristata. Animal, adult male, stuffed. 43. 9. 27. 3. 332. ¢c. Skull, partly broken. 43. 10. 7. 7. Cystophora cristata, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 92 (skull no. 3). Greenland. Animal, adult female, stuffed. Greenland. Animal, half-grown, stuffed. Greenland. Skin, young. Greenland. Presented by G. Barnston, Esq. Animal, young, stuffed. Greenland. 332%. Skeleton of young: skull 6? in. long, 51in. wide. Greenland (Zool. Soc.). 70, 6. 22.10. 18 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, 332 a. Skull, adult female. Nose narrow. 44. 6. 23. 1, Cystophora cristata, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 92. no. 2. Greenland. 332 d. Skull, without lower jaw, nearly adult. C. cristata, Gray, 1. ¢. p. 92. no. 5, Greenland. 332 e. Skull, half-grown female. Nose narrow. 43. 6. 23. 2. C. cristata, Gray, . c. p. 92. no. 6, Greenland. 332 f. Skull, very young (PJ. XIII.). 48. 10. 7. 8. C. cristata, Gray, J. c. p. 92. no. 7. Greenland. 332 g. Skull, nearly adult female. Nose narrow. Greenland. 332 h'. Skull, nearly adult: imperfect. 46. 3.19. 3. C. cristata, Gray, 1. e. p. 92. no. 4. Greenland. 332h. Skull, aged. Lost some teeth. Norway (Giinther). 2, CysToPHORA ANTILLARUM, Gray, Cat. Seals f° Whales, p. 43. Animal, stuffed, young male ? 1005 a. Skull, young, broken. Muzzle rather dilated. 48.7. 12. 14. Cystophora antillarum, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 93. West Indies, Jamaica. This skull is exceedingly like that of the young C. cristata. Family 2. TRICHECHID#, Gray, Suppl. Cat, Seals § Whales, p. 5. 1, TRICHECHUS, Gray, Cat. Seals §- Whales, p. 35; Suppl. p. 6. 1. TriIcHEcHUs RosMaRts, Gray, Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 36. Animal, adult, stuffed. Arctic Sea. Animal, young, stuffed. Arctic Sea. Animal, young, stuffed. Aretic Sea. Foetus, in spirits. North Pacific. 331k. Skeleton. Arctic Ocean. SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS, 19 331a. Skull, adult (fig. 12). Trichechus rosmarus, Gray, Cat. Mamm. B. M., Seals, p. 31, f. 11; Cat. Seals §& Whales, p. 35, f. 12, Arctic Ocean. Trichechus rosmarus. 3316. Skull, adult. Arctic Ocean. Presented by General Hardwicke. 331¢, Skull of young. Arctic Ocean. 3317. Front of young skull, covered with skin. Arctic Ocean. Presented by the Linnean Society. 331 7. Skull. Arctic Ocean. 331k. Skull, without lower jaw. Arctic Ocean (Lidth de Jeude). 331 ¢, f, g. Three tusks. N.W. coast of America. Presented by Capt. Kellett, R.N. 331d. Tooth, longitudinally divided. Arctic Ocean. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. Family 3. OTARIADA, Gray, Suppl. Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 6. It is curious, after Steller’s and Forster’s description of the Sea- bear, that they should be regarded as Seals. It is evident that c2 20 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, Fischer observed their un-Seal-like characters when he inquired if they should not be arranged with Enhydris ; yet Quoy and Gaimard figure the two species of this genus which they observed with elon- gate bodies and in the attitude of the common Seals (Phocide) ; and Gould did the same with the Australian species (I believe he had never seen the species alive). I. Skull with the palate elongate, produced behind. The opening of the in- ternal nostrils in a line just before the condyles. Grinders = Sea- lions, Tribe 1. OTARTIINA, Gray, Suppl. Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 12. 1. OTAREA. Gray, Cat. Seals §& Whales, p. 57; Suppl. p. 12. Fig. 13. Feet of Sea-lion. The brain-cavity is large and oblong in the skulls of the younger animals, and nearly as long as the face and palate ; but these parts enlarge as the animal reaches the adult age, and when quite adult the length from the back edge of the condyle is only half, or nearly half, of the length of the palate. They are figured as Otaria leonina, F. Cuvier, Mém. Mus. xi. t. xv. no. 2; Otaria jubata, Blainv. Ostéogr. t. iii. & vi.; Otaria Godeffroyi, Peters, Monatsb. 1866, p. 267, t. i. * The head broad, short. The lower jaw broad behind, bowed on the sides, rounded in front. The lower edge from the angle to the gonyx as long as the jaws are wide at the angle, Lower margin expanded in the adult, 1. Orarta suBata, Gray, Suppl. Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 13. Otaria leonina, Gray, Cat, Seals § Whales, p. 59. SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS. 21 The scar of the temporal muscle at the back of the lower jaw is broad and rounded in front. Animal, stuffed. Falkland Islands. Animal, young male, stuffed. Otaria Hookeri, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 80, fig. Rio de la Plata (Leconte ; Zool. Soc.). Animal, stuffed, adult. 335 a. Front of lower jaw of ditto. N.W. coast of America. Presented by Capt. Fitzroy. 335d. Skull, with lower jaw, of an old male; length 143 inches, breadth 9} inches; wanting many teeth. Nose very dilated in front, palate very much contracted behind. Prominence on each side of head. South America. The skulls with the lateral tubercles are like the one figured by Cuvier from the cabinet of M. Faujas (Oss. Foss. v. p. 222, t. xviii. fig. 4). Dr. Peters refers this to Otarta leonina. 3350. Skull, length 14 inches, breadth 94 inches, without teeth. Very like 335d. Sixth grinder far back, separated from the fifth by a space. With only left side of lower jaw. Falkland Islands (Leconte). 335 1. Skull, with lower jaw ; length 144 inches, breadth 94; wanting a few teeth. Very like 335d and 335 0, with only rudimentary promivences. The sixth upper grinder partly behind the back edge of the front of the zygomatic arch. Falkland Islands (Abbott). 335 n. Skull, without lower jaw; length 14 inches, breadth 82 inches ; with only one large canine tooth; the sixth grinder with the back edge on a level with the back edge of the front of the zygomatic arch. This has the same dentition as Phoca jubata (Loup marin), Blainv. Ostéogr. pls. iii. & vi.; Otaria Godefroy, Peters, Monatsb. 1866, p.267, pl. 1. Dr. Peters refers this latter figure to Otaria jubata, 335 p. Skull, without teeth; length 14} inches, breadth 9 inches. The palate not so much contracted ; the sixth upper tooth sepa- rated from the fifth, and partly behind the back edge of the front of the zygoma; side of head with tubercles. Only one side of lower jaw. Southern Peru, Lomas. 69. 8. 10. 1. Presented by J. M. Dow, Esq. 335. Skull, with lower jaw; teeth perfect. Length 14 in., breadth 9 inches. Palate very deep, slightly contracted behind, with the processes erect; sides of head with a small tubercle. (Pl. XIV.) South America (Argent). 51.5.5. 1. There are two young skulls in the British Museum with the bones 22 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, very light, thin, and still separate, especially those of the under part of the brain-case. They both want a great part of their eutting-teeth and grinders, but the alveol left by them show that the permanent set were well developed ; the canine teeth are being developed. The lower jaws are wanting in both, so that we cannot tell to which species they belong. The front of the palate is contracted. Their size, which ne as large as that of the older skulls in the Museum, makes it probable that they are the young of the large common O, jubata ; but they are both rather narrow, and one comes from the Falkland Islands and the other from Coquimbo, so that they are found in the seas of both sides of South America. 335m. Skull, without lower jaw, 8% inches long and 42 inches wide. Grinders, which are all absent, are crowded, forming a very irregular line, very unlike the series of grinders in the smaller skulls. This may be a young male of O. minor, on account of its narrow shape. Otaria jubata, Gray, Zool. Erebus § Terror, t. xvii. figs. 1, 2 Chili, Coquimbo. 47. 4. 20. 13. Presented by the Haslar Hospital. 330 h. Skull, without lower jaw, 73 inches long and 4} inches in width, probably of a female. The upper canines are but partly exposed, and are not so large as the outer canines or the front grinders. About 11 months old. Falkland Islands, North Point (Zeconte). 69. 2. 24. 4. There is a third skull of a very young animal of a smaller size in the Museum. It has the short wide lower jaw with a rounded front of O. jubata, but is of such a small size that it indicates a variety of that species. 335 q. ee of a very young animal, taken from Guano. The skull is 62 inches long and 3+ inches broad, has the bones not knit, and is in the act of changing its ieethe the canines of the milk-set being retained. The grinders are large, the upper series occupies 15 inch in length, and the lobes of the teeth are well marked. The lower jaw broadly diverges, and the chin is large, broad, and rounded. Peru, Guinesse Island. 70. 1.19.1. Presented by H. Lloyd, Esq. There is a series of skulls in the Museum which agree with Otaria jubata in the form of the lower jaw, it being broad and rounded in front, with a short lower margin, and broadly separated at the con- dyles, the middle of the branches of the lower jaw being rather bowed out. They evidently belong to both sexes. The skulls are rather solid and the bones well united together; but they have not got the occipital ridges of adult skulls, as their canines are generally developing. They are probably skulls of the growing animal of this species. They vary in their breadth compared with their length, some being narrower. 335 6. Skull of male, 10 inches long, 54 wide at the condyles. The bones well knit. The permanent cutting-teeth and grinders SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS. 23 well developed. Six grinders well behind, and the fifth partly behind, the front edge of the zygomatic arch. The large upper and lower canines are being cut. The front of the lower jaw broad, rounded. (Fig. 14.) Otaria leonina, Gray, Cat. Seals, 1850, p. 46, fig. 16; Cat. Seals & Whales, 1866, p. 58, fig. 18 Peru (Bridges). 47. 4. 20. 138. Fig. 14. Otaria jubata. 335g. Face and lower jaw of the skull of a male, very similar in size and character to the preceding. Chili (Brandt). 335k. Skull, probably of a male ; 8? inches long, 4? inches wide. Very like the two preceding in both jaws, but the skull is nar- rower, and the front of the lower jaw not quite so ventricose. Falkland Islands? 50. 6.17. 9. 335 f. Skull, probably of a female, from the small size of the lower canines, with the bones equally well knit. 82 inches long, 45 inches wide. Front of the lower jaw not quite so convex. Hab. Unknown (Zool. Soc. Mus.). 335 r. Skull, the bones equally well knit, 8 inches long, evidently of a female, the teeth being well developed. The canines in both jaws small. Line of grinders 2 inches. Front of lower jaw only slightly convex. (PI. XV.) West coast of Patagonia (Whitely). 74. 3. All these skulls, of which the habitat is certainly known, come from the west coast of America. The compression of the front of the lower jaw and its small size, especially of the one from Pata- gonia, shows an affinity to Otaria ullow; but it has the short wide curved lower jaw of Otaria jubata, and may be a species of which the adult is not known. 24 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, The lower jaw is short and strong, the lower margin, from the su- ture to the angle of the gonyx, 1s about as long as the extent to which the jaws are separated from one another at the angle; the outline of the space between the lower margins is half-oblong—that is to say, the front is rounded and the sides rather bowed out. The front end of the lower jaw of the young and of some of the old specimens is swollen, thick, and broad, evidently to afford room for the deve- lopment of the lower canines, and are doubtless the jaws of the males, which have very large canine teeth. The lower edge of the lower jaw of the large old skulls much bent out and expanded, giving them quite a different appearance from that of the skulls of the younger Sea-lions. The front part of the lower jaw of two skulls of evidently young specimens, which, from the small size of their canines, are doubtless those of young females, is much less developed, with flattened sides. They have the same short jaws and same form of the opening between the lower edge as the males. The width of the four middle cutting-teeth of the upper Jaw in the skull of the young Sea-lion is about # inch, and they occupy the same width in most adult skulls. The outer cutting-teeth on each side seem to enlarge during life, and with the sex probably of the animal. In a skull 8 inches long the canines are 1} inch apart, measured from the outside, whereas in an adult male skull 14 inches long they are 23 or 22 inches apart. The canine teeth keep continually growing. Thus, in a young male rather more than 83 inches long they are 13 inch apart, whereas in an adult male 14 inches long they are nearly 5 inches apart. The skulls of the younger animals have the grinders in the nor- mal position with relation to the front part of the zygomatic arch— that is to say, the fifth is partly and the sixth entirely behind the hinder edge of the front of the zygomatic arch ; but this part of the arch expands in the very old skulls, especially of males, so that the sixth upper grinder appears to alter its place, and be partially or completely before the hinder edge of this part. Sometimes this tooth, on the two sides of the jaw, differs in this respect, one being partially and the other entirely before the hinder edge of the front of the zygomatic arch, This animal is the ‘ Sea-lion” of Cook and Forster, Byron, and other voyages in the South Seas. It is the “ Lion marin” of Buffon and Cuvier, the Otaria molossina of Lesson’s ‘ Voyage of the Coquille,’ t. iii.; the Otaria hookeri of Murie, P. Z. 8. 1867, p. 243 ; the Sea-bear of the ‘ Illustrated London News.’ The skull of Byron’s specimen is in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, and the skull of Otarta molossina of Lesson is in the Museum of Paris. The skull is figured in Cuvier, Oss. Foss. v. p. 222, t. xviii. fig. 4, as Zion marin; in Blainville’s ‘ Ostéographie,’ t. vi. and t. 1x., as P. leonina; in Frédéric Cuvier, Mém. Mus. xi. p. 208, t. xv. fig. 2, as the type of his genus “ Platyrhynque ;” and the young skull is figured SEA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS. 25 in the Cat. Seals in the British Museum, 1850, fig. 16, as Otaria leonina. The names of Phoca jubata, Schreber, P. scout, Boddaert, P. An- son and P. Byronit, Blainville, and P. molossina, Lesson, Otaria Pernettyi and O. Forster, Lesson, O. chilensis and O. platyrhynchus, Miller, O. Guerinii, Quoy, and O. Byronia, Peters, have been given to various specimens of this species. ** The head elongate ; the lower jaw elongate, sides flat, compressed in front. The lower edge, from the angle to the gonyx, longer than the jaws are wide at the angle, The scar of the temporal muscle on the lower jaw is elongate and narrow in front. 2. Orarra Minor, Gray, Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. 1874, xiii. p. 326. (Smaller Sea-lion.) The palate very deep and wide, broad in front, contracted behind, with the lateral processes rather contracted. 33072. Skull, 113 inches long and 63 wide at condyles, of male adult. The sixth upper grinder behind the hinder edge of the front of the zygomatic arch; the lower jaw 83 inches long, wide and strong, contracted on the sides in front. (Pl. XVI.) Hab. Unknown (£. Cross). 52. 1. 5. 30. 335 e. Skull, 12 inches long and 6? wide, wanting maxillary bones, and having only the canine teeth. Palate deep, slightly con- tracted behind; lobes erect. Sixth upper grinder separated from the fifth by a space just before the back edge of the front of the zygomatic arch. Lower jaw compressed in front. South America (Zool. Soc.). These may be the same as Otaria Godeffroyi, Peters, described and figured from a specimen in the Museum at Hamburg, which is about the same size; but the lower jaw in the figure is not of the same shape as the lower jaw of the skull in the Museum. It and the scar of the masseter muscle are broad and rounded at the end, as in the jaws of the common Sea-lion (Otaria jubata). I am inclined to think that the Hamburg skull belongs to a small species allied to, or is a small variety of, the common Sea-lion (Otaria jubata). 3. OraRtA tLtom. (‘The Pigmy Sea-lion.) Otaria pygmeea, Gray, Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist, 1874, xiii. p. 326. Otaria ullow, Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, p. 136, t. vi. (animal) ; Peters, Monatsb. 1866, p. 667, t. (skull). Otaria (Phocarctos) ulloz, Peters, Monatsh. 1866, p. 270. 335 7. Skull of an adult (female ?), 97 inches long and 53 broad at the condyles. The palate is very narrow, deep, scarcely wider behind. ‘The sixth upper grinder is behind the hinder edge of the front of the zygomatic arch. The lower jaw is compara- 26 HAND-LIST OF SEALS, MORSES, tively slender, 63 inches long, compressed and flat in front. CELX Vi.) Otaria pygmeea, Gray, Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. 1874, xiii. p, 326. Hab. Unknown. The specimen (58. 5. 4. 17) was received from the Zoological Society in 1858. This skull is partly broken behind, and wants all the grinders and the greater part of the cutting-teeth. The canines are com- paratively small, which makes me think that it belongs to a female ; indeed I might regard it as the female belonging to the same species as the skull before described but for the peculiar form and narrowness of the palate. The palates of the two sexes of the common Sea-lion are of the same form, but they become deep with age and those of the males more contracted behind ; so that they give no authority for believing that the palates of the two sexes of an allied species are so different. This species appears to have been first described by Tschudi, and figured in his ‘ Fauna Peruana ;’ and Dr. Peters, from T'schudi’s de- scription of the skull, refers it to the subgenus Phocarctos, but after- wards he received, described, and figured the skull of one of the original specimens, and found it to be a species of his subgenus Otaria. He describes the skull as rather more than 9 inches long. His figure agrees very well with the Museum specimens; but he does not take any notice of the form of the lower jaw being different from that of Otaria jubata (Monatsb. 1866, p. 667). Dr. James M‘Bain, in the Journ. Anat. Phys, vol. ii. p. 109, de- scribes a skull from the Chincha Islands, which he thinks may be the same as Otaria ullow, but has some points of difference, and proposes to call it O. Graivi. On Dr. Peters’s plate of O. ullow I had marked, ‘It is exactly like Dr. Turner’s specimen from Mr. M‘Bain.”’ II. Skull with the palate short, the opening of the inner nostrils some distance in front of the line between the condyles. Judging by the very few specimens of the skulls of the very young Sea-bears in the British Museum, and by the figures of the skulls of the young that have been published, they offer two variations in respect of the shape of the internal nostrils :— In one case the opening of the internal nostril at the end of the palate of the young, as in the adult animal, is short, broad, truncated in front, with sometimes a central notch ; and the edge of the internal nostril, in the very young animals, as in Otaria, is near to the line between the condyles, but not so near as in that genus; and as the animal grows, and the bones of the face lengthen, the opening of the internal nostrils extends further forward, and becomes gradually ob- long, narrower, and arched in front, as in G'ypsophoca tropicalis. In the second case the hinder opening of the nostril of the very young skull in Callorhinus, as figured by Mr. Allen, in Eumetopias Stelleri, as shown by the specimens in the Museum, and (judging by the half-grown specimens) in Arctocephalus antarcticus and Zalo- 8EA-LIONS, AND SEA-BEARS. 27 phus Gilliespvi is elongate, coming far forward, and acute in front, and becomes shorter, narrower, and rounded in front in the full- grown animals. It is to be observed that the two forms s the opening to the palate have been observed in the two species of the genus Huotaria. All these variations have been considered characteristic of species when only one skull has been examined; but the accession of a larger series of skulls shows how these parts vary during growth, and the necessity of examining a series of specimens of each species. Several genera of Sea-bears, as Gypsophoca, Arctophoca (if not the same as the former), and Huwmetopias, have the upper hinder grinder directed backwards, especially at the tip. A. The grinders aa the fifth and sixth upper quite behind the back edge of the front of the zygomatic arch. Tribe 2. GY PSOPHOCINA. 2. GYPSOPHOCA, Gray, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 659. Arctocephalus, *** Gypsophoca, Gray, Suppl. Cat. Seals § Whales, p. 24, Skull broad behind, at the part behind the ear-hole; the palate narrow, concave; the internal nostrils Se in front, and di- verging on the sides behind. Grinders ° = = the two hinder upper with two roots, quite behind the hinder edge of the zygomatic arch ; the fifth lower fitting between the fourth and fifth upper grinders ; tne crown of the grinders triangular, elongate, recurved; the upper with a slight denticle in front of the base, the two hinder smooth ; the lower ones with a very slight notch on each side. This genus probably has a large geographical distribution. This genus differs from Arectocephalus in the position of the upper grinders, the narrowness of the palate, &c. The small skull figured as Otaria Stelleri in the ‘ Fauna Japonica,’ t. xxii. figs. 5 & 6, is more probably a species of the genus Gypso- phoca than of the genus Huotaria to which I formerly referred it. Dr. Hector, in the Transactions of the New-Zealand Institute, iv. p. 12, fig. 2, figures a skull under the name of Gypsophoca tropicalis. XIX. - Callorhinus ursinus. XX. ms Phocarctos Hookeri, male jun. YOGE * Phocaretos elongatus. XXII. ,,. ~+-Phocarctos elongatus, jun. XXIII. » Arctocephalus antarcticus. XXIV. ,, Ewotaria compressa. XXV. ,,. Euotaria schisthyperoés. EXEXCViE. a Euotaria cinerea. = XXVII. , _ Euotaria latirostris. XOOVLTT, 4 Euotaria nigrescens. XXIX. o Euotaria nigrescens, jun., with some of the milk-teeth remaining. XXX. 53 Neophoca lobata. G.H.Ford Mintern. Bros ump Callocephalus vitulinus. PUM: 14.31 ©. GH Ford Mintern. Bros. ump Halicvon Richardsv (Japan i PU. TH. G.H.Ford & C.L.Griesbach Mintern Bros. mp Po gomys ftoetidis. PU. IV. 328d. G.H. Ford & CL. Griesbach Mmtern Bros imp . Pagophilus graenlandicus. < 4 "va Pl. Vz G.H.Ford & C.L. Gmiesbach Mintern Bros. ump Phoca barbata. > in S24, We G.H. Ford & C.L.Griesbach. Mintern Bros .1mp Monachus albwenter. | ¢ | . ; an PO VEE G.H.Ford Mintern Bros. imp Halicharus gryphis. (jun. Y G.H. For ae &C.L Griesbach Stenorhynchias leptonyx PU. VIIL. Mintern Bros. rmp PU, IX, GH.Ford & C.L.Griesbach. : Mmtern Bros .1mp Lobodon carcinophaga . , a cy a} i : , 7 a . as - . 7 b 7 7 Lb ) ; F be es ‘ yl hae i hin ae, _ : , j , Santas ae ad ‘ q in DP oe : toa) Bahk? ty ve, fy . 1 wy, be ah - = , i . i 7 : . n. f 7 J A * i 4. ’ ‘ . ‘ : Je } " = : * , SAE 2 mip Mintern Bros Gmriesbach H.Pord xC.L r ( Weddella Leptonyx PUXE. +H Ford & C LGriesbach. Mintern Bros. imp Ommatophoca rossw. PU. XI. GH Ford & C L.Gnesbach Mmtern Bros imp Morunga edephantina. PU. XH. Mintern Bros. imp GAL Ford JU. ) WE cristata tophora WA fries PO XIV: G.H. Ford & C.L..Griesbach Mintern Bros imp Otarva Jubata, adult mate. JEL DING Mintern Bros.mmp. Jupvata. LO Otar G.HFord x C.L.Gresbach. ——— . wut “— C.H Ford G35U. Otaria minor. PU. XVI. Mintern Bros. imp ya his = ‘i by is ue me x Oany . an (ene . hit a “« ti rt : i 1 op ee a 2 gt , : wee et wt i 4 — - ees Of. ee oy trail ites ae a = = on a iS a Po ’ a i . af hod, > any re Oe ‘ee * tes: : i vey a ne es oer ay os 4g oe s i aa atta ay oe 5 Hac? af 7 we oF : a oe ee * ae . aa ge Db f Beatie ; . an a en at PU_XVIT. G.H Ford Mintern Bros imp Oaria ulloae. PU. XVII. GH.Ford & C.L.Griesbach Mmtern Bros . imp Gvpsophoca tropecalis, PU. XIX. Mintem Bros. imp C.L.Gmesbach G.H Ford x ( “SUNNUE . Callorhinus wr LAGS PBS 33.6) -b- GC H Ford &C.L.Griesbach Mintern Bros. imp. Phocarctos Hookert (mate) PEE GH Ford &C.L.Griesbach. Mmtern Bros. imp Phocarctos clongatus. PU XXIT. Mintern Bros imp GH_Ford &C.L.Griesbach ) un Phocarctos elongatus, (7 Pu. XXHI. GH Ford & C.L.Gmesbach Montern Bros. unp Arcto-cephatas antarcticus. PU XXIV. | ae GH-Ford & C L.Gmesbach. Mintern Bros. mp PU. XXYV. G4dibord & 0.4, Griesbach Minter: Bros. amp hunotartia. schistha PUT OES. PU.XNXVI. GH-Ford & CLGriesbach Mintern Bros mp Kuotaria cinerea. New Zealand PUXXVIT. I05 ord & CL. Griesbach mt Euctaria’ latirostris. Pl. XXVIII. G.H Ford & C.L Griesbach. Mintern Bros .imp Euotaria nigrescens. Falkland Islands XIX. == - A Pl 1073 c. & C.L.Griesbach. nigrescens, ( Jaraor.) wotaria Li ayy, Oy Te eT Rn ht ee P cs he) ey 4 i uy a , ba ar : ia i: i ; ay a es ae Wi old ha f Th! anal MPP >a ae : iol * eae ae ros fy) Hay Afr Bu 7 ae ma uae ud sa ie : a oe o h an ¥ ? 7] 4 at ; : ; 1 an T: oe if é be 7 fe i i a ag an a ‘aut e 7 ul nv) “1 “ ie ar i ——o con is 7 a : 7 7 od ; T it - mn, acs (5 _ oy : i ] a eae q BPG xy Was yy, is i owe , Pas a : oa ~~“ _ ike 7 ae ae = a o ¢ i _ - PU. XXX. lohata. Neophoca ‘, . a y i : ; on i Wy vil He a, AY A sre Lee 4¢ fy RY ea a Oat ec * SIC TOU ae My aay Dy i Vf Ue WO his he Rataiet ay hy A | he ai i o r yaa T : aS. le i ' § pet rf i A ra 0 A oy) Bs hihi) f ny ul’ i - i iY j , ny its ae i etaae Me ay i ‘of ° ! - ne th 7% Ma ey ie, , i ea Ze Ne ne vO : d 4 7