One of the Handy Dog Booklet Series STUD DOG'S CARE AND MANAGEMENT By CAPT. WILL JUDY Editor of Dog World Magazine, Author of The Dog Encyclo- pedia, Training the Dog, Care of the Dog, Kennel Building and Plans, Principles of Dog Breeding, and Sirius Series P & M ANGUS GEORGE E. & HARRIETTA DWYER ROUT2 1, BOX 261K ALBANY, OREGON 97321 JUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY CHICAGO 1945 -.' COPYRIGHT, 945, WILL JUDY Purchasable at any bookstore or from the publisher Excerpts to a reasonable extent can be made but with specific credit to author and publisher Printed in U.S.A. s the 5th edition, 1945 — 6,000 1st ed., 1934- Th is ■1,500; 2nd ed., 4th ed.. 1937—2,000; 1943—3,000 3rd ed., 1941—3,000 PUBLISHER'S NOTE This is one of a series of TWELVE booklets by Capt. Will Judy on specific dog subjects of practical interest and published under the name HANDY DOC BOOKLETS. Figure denotes current edition. 1. FEEDING THE DOG (5) 2. HOW TO SHIP DOGS (4) 3. DOG IN SHOW RING (5) , 4. DOG SHOWS AND RULES (4) 5. LAWS ABOUT DOGS (4) 6. WHELPING OF PUPPIES (5) 7. HOUSEBREAKING DOG (5) 8. HANDLING THE MATING (5) 9. STUD DOG'S CARE AND MANAGEMENT (5) 10. ANATOMY OF THE DOG (3) 11. PUPPIES AND THEIR CARE (4) 12. HOW TO SELL DOGS (3) It is a pleasure to invite attention to the scientific, authoritative, vigorous manner of presentation characteristic of his writings, not only on dogs but also on general subjects. The price of these booklets is 25c each, 3 for 50c, 7 for $1, 8 or more, 13c each; or a special price of $1.50 for all twelve. Or all twelve nicely bound In book form, $2.50. Cash or COD. Any assortment of titles. Order either by number or title. As the subjects covered by the Handy Dog Booklet Series are those which interest every dog owner, breeder and lover in a practical, important way, the publishers take pleasure in offering them in this convenient, low-priced booklet form. More copies have been sold (141,000 total thus far) than of any other printed matter in the dog field. JUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY JUDY BUILDING. 3323 MICHIGAN BOULEVARD, CHICAGO 16 IMI MOUSt or JDDV June 1945 THE STUD DOG'S CARE AND MANAGEMENT A— BASIC IMPORTANCE OF THE STUD DOG This booklet deals with a funda- mental phase of the breeding of pure- bred dogs. The male dog used for stud (mat- ing) service with the bitch can stamp his type quickly upon a substantial portion of his breed. As set forth in the author's Prin- ciples of Dog Breeding, the pillars of the stud book or male line in any breed are not many. One popular stud, predominant in passing on his qualities, can change a breed almost within a decade. Influence of Dominant Stud Chow VIII appears far back in the pedigrees of practically eighty per- cent of all chows both in England and America. Red Brucie appears two or more times in the pedigrees (five genera- tion) of at least sixty percent of all American cockers. A stud dog of the bullterrier breed (about the year 1860) who threw all- white puppies changed the breed with- in a few years so that all-white was adopted as the only allowable color. A male does much winning at the shows. Soon the owners of many ma- trons breed to this dog even tho he is not of the type which clicks with the blood of the matron. Within two or three years, perhaps one hundred bitches have been ibred to him. They in turn have produced five hundred living puppies; i)erhaps one hundred of these in turn have become sires or dams of their own litters. Thus unthin twenty years, titere can be as many as 162,000 dogs that can claim this one male as an ancestor, if he be mated once a iveek for seven years. The average bitch, on the other hand, no matter how good she be, may not have more than five htters during her entire life, or a total of approximately thirty puppies. Thus, the influence of the bitch on the breed in a few years is small in comparison, whereas a stud within a few years can stamp his imprint upon an entire breed. However, over a long period, one bitch, not thru herself but thru her male offspring, can change type materially. Stud Dogs Not Made A stud dog is born, not made. He transmits zvhat has been given him by his ancestors and he adds little of his ozvn. Therefore, the correct method of judging a stud is not so much by his appearance but by the appearance of his ancestors and of his get. A stud dog is his past and his fu- ture. His present and its value are judged by what has gone before and more so by what unll come after. Patronize Others' Studs It is well that at this time we set forth a common vice in dog breeding, that of the kennel using its own stud exclusively. Breeders go on year after year mat- ing dogs, obtaining litters and won- dering why their stock does not cap- ture honors at the shows. If their activities are investigated, it is found [3] STUD DOG'S CARE AND MANAGEMENT— 4 WHY QRKOING 9(kSS in many cases that the kennels are using their own studs. The successful breeder determines what bloodlines he wishes to unite to those of his bitch; then he sends his bitch to that stud, whether the stud be located far or near, whether the stud fee be ten or a hundred dollars. He is the wise breeder; his entries win at shows and his dogs usually fetch high sales prices. The other breeder, when his bitch is in heat — and he usually gives little thot to the matter until she is in heat — reasons to himself that by using one of his own studs, he can save a fee of $25 to $50 plus express charges and the labor of shipping and receiv- ing 'back his bitch. The last worry of a novice entering into the breeding of dogs should be the ownership of a stud. Yet so many state they are beginning the breeding of dogs, having purchased one male and one bitch, and they add, as proof of their zvisdom, an unrelated pair (a disastrous situation indeed!). Benefit from Other's Investment The male certainly will not have many services for there will not be rnany bitches in the kennel for some time. Further, the novice who pur- chases a male for stud use, is not pur- chasing a good type usually as he is not expending enuf money to obtain a first-rate male. He is merely in- creasing the number of ordinary studs. In what does the value of a stud dog consist? In his siring. This value he imparts alike ; surely it is not conditioned upon ownership of the dam. The stud gives his full blood value to every bitch he serves. What cares he whether the abject of his romance is owned by this or that per- son? Hence, the owner of the dam gets the same return on the invest- ment value of a stud which may be perhaps a thousand dollars, as does the owner of the stud when breeding one of his own bitches to his own stud. It is more economical to pay $40 stud fee than a $1,000 pur- chase fee, when the stud dog, likely of far better type than the novice can hope to breed or own in a long time, is available at public stud. How to Judge a Stud What individual male should be chosen as a stud dog? As already stated, the stud dog is not to be judged ^ alone in himself but also in his entire family. The stud dog should be predomi- nant; he should transmit most of the good qualities of his family, whether they are in him or not, to most of his puppies. When we speak of his good qualities, we include clearly those of his general family line. There are outstanding instances of studs who could not win at shows and yet who could produce much winning stock. These particular studs were prepotent or dominant in the good qualities of their family line rather than of themselves. On the whole, the male dog that can compete at the shozvs and zmn cham- pionship points, thus being declared officially a good specimen of the breed according to the official standard, is to be chosen as stud but with one pro- vision— he may be a freak or an acci- dent, that is, he may not be able to transmit his own good qualities or those of his family line. The show zmnning male is not inevitably the de- sirable stud. Within a year his "get" zmll make or break him. 5— STUD DOCS CARE AND MANAGEMENT B— HOUSING, CARE AND FEEDING OF STUD DOG When is a Stud Old? What is the proper age for the stud dog? Rare instances are recorded in which a male at the age of five months produced a litter of puppies. There also are rare instances of male dogs thirteen to fourteen years old, siring litters of puppies. These are exceptions. World's Youngest Sire The world's youngest sire was Pirate, a Scottish terrier born Apr. 8, 1935; by accident he mated a bitch on Aug. 6 (his age, 120 days). A litter of five normal puppies was whelped without difficulty on Oct. 7. The American Kennel Club has a registration rule that puppies whose sire at the time of mating was less than seven months old or more than twelve years old, or whose dam was under eight months of age or over twelve years of age, are registered in the usual routine but the AKC may, if it wishes, ask for an affidavit setting forth that the mating as rep- resented actually took place. As a general rule it would be well that a male should not be used as stud until he is at least ten months old and preferably twelve months, and not used oftener than once every two weeks if he is under fifteen months of age. The larger breeds should have the time extended for they do not mature fully until about the age of eighteen to twenty-two months. The age limit of a stud dog depends greatly upon the stud. If the male has been kept in good condition and is virile, he can be siring litters read- ily at the age of seven years. But after the age of eight years, there is a tendency of the sperm or generating cells of the male to be infertile; this results in an increasing number of bitches that fail to become pregnant. Consequently, the sales value of a stud dog^ decreases progressively after the age' of Jive years. How Often to Use Stud The next consideration is how often a stud dog should be used. A fa- mous stud of the wire foxterrier breed in England, it was learned after his death, had been used on about 100 bitches a year for at least four years and there were few misses. If a stud is in the best condition and is not to be shown in the imme- diate future, in our opinion he can be used twice weekly thruout the year without harm or strain. This is not necessarily desirable 'but we can say on the average the use of a stud once a week is entirely safe without the least tendency to harm the male. A stud loses some weight by a mating and if on the show circuit, he pays the penalty in the show ring. Proving Stud's Fertility Who is to be blamed for lack of pregnancy? In our opinion it is due to the bitches in four of five cases. Virility in a male can readily be de- termined by examining the male's semen. Live cells are seen wriggling in motion like tadpoles as they are observed thru the microscope. Rumor against Stud The rumor that a stud is nonpro- ductive is a fearful one. It works havoc to the owner, a havoc that later THIS 15 A FAMILY OF eROTHEftS AND .>i»tE«:^ '1 ks±. \^»\ '^^-^' dampness, free from draft directly on the dog, and the sleeping bench or box should 'be elevated above the floor. All the rules for maintaining! the general health of the dog apply with full force to the stud. What should be the exercise of the stud dog? On the same day on which the stud has been mated, there should not be any exercise for him six hours before or afterward. It can be said that the dog feels the strain for about 24 hours after mating. However, on all other days, the male should have plenty of exercise, for in our opinion, much exercise does not weaken but strengthens the stud. OH' ISNT HB CUTE.* He should have more exercise than other males. Stud Personality It can not be emphasized too often that the stud, whether in dogs or other live stock, must be preeminent- ly maleish in temperament and per- sonality as well as in physical quali- ties and appearances. Aggressiveness, fearlessness, cour- age, strong nerves, not easily excited or ruffled, not shrinking or backing away, not timid, and a certain rough- ness and brusqueness of manner — all these must be exemiplified in the male that is used to propagate his race. Good health, firm flesh, alertness of eye and ear, full uses of all facilities, a toughness of body and stamina must be present to supplement the person- ality requisites already mentioned. For the sake of the breed and for the sake of any sincere love you may have for the breed you are fancying, discard immediately any studs of shy, timid, dull faculties, studs that may have good type and yet lack physical toughness, roughness and tip-and-at- 'em spirit. If a stud must be coddled, must be taken care of all the time, lest his feet get wet or he brush against a thistle, if he must live "in a monas- tery of guarded living," away with him for he is the beginning of de- generation of his race. Give the stud plenty of exercise, let him brave the elements of storm and rain and cold now and then, let him romp and play roughly, let him be a man's man of his species — head up, on his toes, of inquiring eye and per- chance a threat in it — above all, a fearless, rough-and-ready fellow who is one hundred \^v cent male in all things. Breeder's Code 1. I will Study the bitch as well as the sire. 2. I will study grandparents rather than parents. 3. I will not pay any attention to breeding superstitions. 4. I will interpret a pedigree by breeding facts rather than names and titles. 5. I will keep full breeding records and draw conclusions accordingly. 6. I will put away culls and weaklings shortly after birth. 7. I will not breed, sell or give away a shy or excessively nervous dog. 8. I will judge a stud by his offspring even to the third generation. 9. I will honor most the bred-by-exhibitor dog. 10. I will give preference to breeding spe- cimens of good disposition and temperament. —Will Judy. 7 STUD DOG'S CARE AND MANAGEMENTS MALE SEXUAL OFOANS FEMALE SEXVAL OflOANS LEFT, Male Sexual Organs: 1. Bladder. 2. The rectum portion of the colon or large intestine leading on to the external opening or anus at 3. 4. Scrotum or bag containing the testicles (5). 6. Penis. 7. Sheath or covering of penis. 8a and Sb. Vas deferens — tubes from the prostate gland to each testicle {and carrying semen into the urethra). 9. Urethra duct, carrying urine from bladder to external exit {penis, male; vagina, female). In male, urethra is also a genital duct for semen. Do not confuse urethra with ureters, of which there are two, one leading from each kidney to the bladder. 10. Prostrate gland. RIGHT: 1. and 1. Ovarian bursa or sacs. 2. Ovaries {one on each side). 3. Fal- lopian tubes {one on each of the two horns), 4. Main body of uterus or womb. S. Bladder {to rear). 6. Os uteri {mouth of womb), from which puppies emerge. 7. Vagina {external open- ing). 8. External urethral orifice {where urine emerges). 9. Fossa clitoridis.^ 10, Fetuses {puppies) in the womb. 11. Region of kidneys. 12. Rectal opening {above vaginal opening). 13. Vulva attached to pelvic bone for support. What to Feed the Stud Next we consider a most important question — the diet of the stud dog. First, let us say that the common opinion that the stud dog should be overfed and be fat is highly erroneous. The stud dog tending towards lean- ness rather than fatness, is the more anxious stud, and is in healthier con- dition than the overweight stud. The stud dog should be fed only once daily with the addition of a light snack ^ in the morning, if the heavy meal is fed at the close of the day. This main meal should consist of plenty of lean meat; avoid exces- sively fat rneat. Eggs, cod liver oil, yeast, biscuits, well cooked vegetables mixed with the biscuits can form a part of the dog's diet. C—THE BITCH— HER CARE AND HANDLING Bitch must be Free of Disease What general health requirements apply strictly to the stud dog? First of all, he should be groomed daily. Secondly, he should be kept very clear of skin ailments. Third, at no time 9— STUD DOG'S CARE AND MANAGEMENT Forehead 5+OfO Muzzle Nose EXTE R-l O R^ .Occipi+al ANATOMICAL PARTS Neck OF THE DOG- C roup(f^ump) / Bris kei- — ) Upper Arm Fore Arm- 1 1 o r Sre r n ypperThi6h LowerThi6h Breechin6 r/iij sketch from Judy's Anatomy of the Dog illustrates the outline of the great done but of course is fully applicable to any dog. should he be bred to a bitch which has the least indication of disease, particularly of skin. A careful sponging is desirable im- mediately after mating, using a light antiseptic such as bicarbonate of soda, borax crystals or epsom salts in warm water. "Equipment" for Mating Rough material such as carpet for footing for both sire and matron is suggested. For extra large breeds, a gunny sack or similar material padder around the body of the bitch at the loins enables the stud to maintain his position. Specially manufactured breeding platforms are not needed. If the male is greatly smaller than the bitch, some elevation or holding up by attendant is required. The au- thor's book Handling the Mating sets forth details concerning the handling of both dogs for the actual mating and the care and handling before and after. Receiving the Bitch It is well for the owner of a stud to ask that the bitch be sent so that she will arrive at sometime between the tenth and fifteenth day of her heat The bitch should be met promptly upon arrival and taken to the kennel and kept for a few hours in a sep- arate stall so that she can rest It may be that if there is much commo- tion in the kennels, the bitch can be taken into the home, or if she is to be kept over night, it may be neces- sary to let her sleep in the owner's bedroom to avoid the howling of home-sickness ; also to lessen scent for the noses of the males in the kennels. Extra Service a Waste This is important — we said that a male can be put to service twice weekly thruout the year without harm or drain. These services should not be in succession on the same day but should be at least 24 hours apart. STVD DOG'S CARE AND MANAGEMENT— 10 Further, we did not speak of the number of bitches served but of the number of services. In this connection we can mention the opinion we have long held and for which we have been criticised — that one service is sufficient for a success- ful mating, that two services with the same bitch either on the same day or the second day is an unnecessary drain on the stud and does not in- crease the probability of a litter. One ejaculation of the male dog contains approximately 225,000,000 sperm cells but only an average of six become puppies. If a stud is used only at long intervals, the piled- up spermatozoa become senile; this tends toward sterility in the next mating. If he is mated excessively, the progress of the spermatozoa thru the ducts of the vas deferens is speeded so much that many of them become immature. Thus a second mating on the following day may have small potency. In our opinion, if the owner of a bitch insists upon two services for the mating there shotdd be a charge of at least 25 per cent of the stud fee for the second sei'vice. Sending the Bitch Back After the bitch is mated, she should be allowed to rest a few hours and should be shipt back preferably the next day, after she has had the oppor- tunity to eat one or two meals. The owner of the bitch should be notified the exact time the bitch will arrive (not hour of shipment). It is well for the owner of the stud to examine the crate and make sure that it is strong and durable so that if there is damage to the bitch on the return journey, the liability is not his. The bitch should be shipped back ex- press charges collect and insured for full value, to her owner. D— CONTRACT BETWEEN STUD AND MATRON OWNERS Settle Differences in Advance The transactions or advance agree- ments between the ownfer of a stud and the owner of the bitch are im- portant for unless they are definite and precise, trouble may result in the way of damages, controversies and complaints. First, we would not breed our stud to a dog that is not pedigreed or, be- ing pedigreed, can not be registered. Make certain that you are dealing zmth the registered owner (or lessee). Second, the owner of a matron should be informed that the bitch must be shipped express charges pre- paid, in a strong crate which has been washed and disinfected before being used; a collar should be at- tached to the dog's neck ; the name of the bitch and also the exact hour at which she will arrive, must be ad- vised. The collar is highly necessary in handling a nervous bitch. If the name of the bitch is known, she can be managed more readily. Let us consider the other side of the affair. The owner of the bitch should not wait until the last moment when the dog is in heat or showing blood before beginning to choose a stud. The bitch comes into heat generally every six months There is plenty of time to determine what stud to use and to arrange all terms with the owner. Last-minute arrangements particularly by wire often cause an- noyance and dissatisfaction. -^e- STUD SERVICE CERTIFICATE tHlp* if to 4Ut 11—STUD DOG'S CARE AND MANAGEMENT What is Stud Contract? We come now to some important considerations. Just what is the con- tract entered into between the owner of the stud and the owner of the bitch ? It should be added that if the bitch is in the possession of a lessee instead of the actual owner, the terms of the lease should clearly be informed to the owner of the stud. Also a copy of the lease must be filed with the American Kennel Club, 221 Fourth Avenue, New York City, if later it is desired to register the puppies by the lessee in the AKC Stud Book (or filed with other registration bodies). The furnishing of a certificate of service clearly is desirable to avoid argument. These blanks can be ob- tained in book form from the pub- lishers of this pamphlet (see back cover). A stub provides permanent record of the information so that the owner of the stud can at any time, even years later, quickly ascertain all facts concerning any service. See illustration on page 10. E—FEES, PAPERS, RETURN SERVICE What Amount of Stud Fee? First of all, do not give any free service. Jt is a mistaken charity, which only results in trouble. Set your fee and not too high, then de- mand it. What should be the amount of a stud fee? Too often a beginner pur- chases a male at a high price and upon the glowing representations of the seller. He is led to ibelieve that he now owns a dog that can compete with champions easily and that is near perfection in the breed. This particu- lar individual having all the conceit of a beginner sets the stud fee higher than even that of an acknowledged winner. He soon is disillusioned. The stud fee for a stud that has been used little or is yet unproved, should be low. Of course, stud fees vary with breeds. The average stud fee for the average breed if the male is not particularly a proven stud or has not won at shows, will vary from $10 to $25. No stud fee should be less than $10. The Dog World Maga- zine for instance will not permit a stud fee lower than $10 to be stated in an advertisement. For a dog that has sired litters of good type and that has won some points at a dog show, the stud fee should vary from $20 to $40. If this dog has won the champion- ship title or is near the title or, most of all, has sired some puppies which in turn have gone high at th^ show, the stud fee should vary from $30 to $50 up. It is not customary to charge a higher fee for mating to a maiden bitch. Cash or Puppy for Fee How should the stud fee be paid? Cash with order is the ideal method. It should be paid before the bitch is bred. Or half should be paid in ad- vance and the other half immediately upon the whelping of the litter or when the litter is six weeks old. Should a puppy be taken in lieu of a cash settlement? The majority opinion is against a puppy as a stud fee. However, to accept a puppy as a stud fee is desirable in these cases : 1. Where the owner of the stud does not have puppies of his own for sale. 2. Where the owner of a stud has ability in picking out good puppies. 3. Where the bitch has particularly good bloodlines which should connect with those of the stud and result in puppies that will be a credit to both parents. 4. Where the owner of a good matron truly is without funds and cannot pay a cash fee. The oldtime stud owner often can choose a good puppy out of a litter and sell it at a higher price than the amount of the cash stud fee. Litter and Puppy Choice What constitutes a litter and the choice of a litter? The certificate of service should state all these terms — that one puppy whatever the sex con- stitutes a litter, that the owner of the STUD DOCS CARE AND MANAGEMENT— 12 stud can choose at the age of eight to ten weeks (paying board there- after if not yet taken), that if he states the definite sex in advance and there is only one puppy of the oppo- site sex, he nevertheless gets the pup- py of the opposite sex. If, in the case of a puppy for a stud fee, the bitch does not become preg- nant, if all puppies are born dead, or none are living at the age of eight weeks, there is no compensation to the owner of the stud. Return Service not Obligatary What is the situation when the bitch does not become pregnant? The owner of the stud does not sell preg- nancies. He sells a coition or tieing or mating of his stud with the bitch. If the two have tied, he has done what he promised to do. That the bitch does not become pregnant or if she becomes pregnant, loses her litter pre- maturely or does not whelp or whelps dead puppies, the situation is not to be charged against the stud. Most owners of dogs will give a return service without charge under certain conditions, if the bitch does not become pregnant, but this is not a legal obligation as matter of course. The return service should be based upon these conditions — notification promptly that the bitch is not preg- nant, a statement that the bitch will be sent upon her next heat and not at a later heat, to the same stud, and that if in the meantime the owner sells the stud or the stud is unavailable or stud dies, there is no obligation on lT.a.ames jO| ZDones '^ jX^ I±x SJ^ele-bo^rv o-pDo<^ y'y^ ip^^Sv u. . 1 f^ ^r^ ^ .^^^^^^^^ ■ ^p»^ iM lUl7/7/y7K\\ / x\ ^W! P^^^ 25] \/ ^*<^^^A 1 f - "^ 8 p - « 10 30 J ■ ^v \ 11 \m' fe,,^ I. Skull. 2. Beginning of spinal column, which continues in backbone to base of tail {near 21). 3. Jaw bones. 4. Backbone or vertebrae (from base of skull to end of tail). 5. Scapula or shoulder blade. 6. Hum,erus. 7 . Elbow. 7^. Elbow prom- inence. 8. Radius. 9. Ulna. 10. Pastern joint (carpus). II. Metacarpal bones. 12. Front digits or toes (phalanges). 13. Ribs. 14. Floating ribs. 15. Vertebrae disc. 16. Thoracic or chest cavity. 17. Ster- num or breast bone. 18. Clavical or collar- bone. 19. Pelvic structure. 20. Coccygeal or tail bones. 21. Ileum. 22. Sacrum. 23. Femur or thigh bone. 24. Hip joint. 25. Stifle joint. 26. Knee cap or patella. 27. Tibia. 28. Fibula. 29. Hock joint or tarsus (really corresponds to human ankle). 30. Meta- tarsal bones. 31. Rear digits (toes, pha- langes). 13— STUD DOG'S CARE AND MANAGEMENT his part unless he of his own accord wishes to breed the bitch to some other stud in his kennel. The sale of the stud to a new owner voids the obligation for a re- turn service unless sold "with obli- gations," as should be done in all cases. It is not a wise provision that the fee be returned if the bitch is unpro- ductive. In most cases this fault is in the bitch. Popularity may be Dangerous The owner of the stud has the full right to reserve the use of his dog to bitches whose bloodlines he approves or bitches which he wishes to have mated to his stud. This is a wise provision for if the stud is a good and popular one, poor and mediocre bitches will he sent to the stud from all sections of the coun- try. Soon there is an army of low- grade puppies carrying the name of the stud as their sire. This in turn works havoc to the stud's reputation and to the demand for future mating s. It is to be borne in mind that if the stud fee is not paid by the owner of the bitch, the owner of the sire need not sign the registration application for the litter or the individual pup- pies. But the stud or breeding certifi- cate should state this. Puppies by Another Sire If the puppies are not located too far away, it is well for the stud owner to view the puppies before signing the papers. Sometimes a sec- ond dog or mongrel dog has access to the bitch after she has been mated and the puppies may be a litter by the second sire. In this latter case, the owner of the stud should refuse to sign papers and is not obligated to return the stud fee. If the bitch is on lease to a party other than the owner, this agreement must be in writing signed in advance between the owner of the dam and the lessee of the dam. As stated the owner of the stud should check on any alleged lease. Care of Bitch on Obligation What is the obligation of the own- er of the stud for the care of the bitch? After he has fetched the bitch from the express agent or other means of delivery, he is liable for ex- traordinary care. He must keep the dog in a stall or inclosure that is pro- tected. If a door is left open or if the kennelman is careless or if the fence is loose and has an opening, he is liable for resulting loss by theft or straying. Should a thief break into the ken- nels and steal the bitch, the loss falls upon the owner of the stud. If it can be proved that the bitch contracted a disease while in the ken- nel, a disease against which protec- tion could have been had by keeping her away from' the other dogs^ the owner of the stud is liable. Should a stray dog, attracted by the bitch being in heat, get to her and breed her, llie owner of the stud would be liable for damages. As he is being paid for the Urse of his stud^ dog, he is obligated to use extraordinary care. The statement that he is held only to ordinary care does not accord with the law of bail- ment. Only losses which occur thru un- avoidable conditions such as light- ning, storm, riot or other acts of God can relieve the owner of the stud from liability for loss or damage. Issue Breeding Certificate It is well tho not necessary to have a witness present beside the owner of the stud. In^ all cases a certificate of stud service should be signed and sent to the owner of the bitch. This is a guarantee of correct breeding, avoids arguments and clearly is desirable particularly if the matron is sold he- fore the puppies are whelped. Furthermore, it prevents the use of a stud by unauthorised persons, a practice which happens now and then. If the service certificate is signed by the owner of the stud, this danger is avoided. See page 10. Exact Records Avoid Disputes The owner of a stud should keep careful record of each mating, of the STUD DOG'S CARE AND MANAGEMENT— 14 litters and of individual registration are available for all these instructions papers signed, the number of puppies (see page 16). Careful records in each litter, and the like. Blanks avoid much argument. F— PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF STUD Artificial Mating There may be mating thru artificial insemination. The semen of the male is preserved in parafin capsules which are placed in the vagina. Three or four bitches can be mated with this quantity. This particular method is not in vogue. There is also the considera- tion about identification of litter and acquiring registration papers. A full description of this method is found in the author's Principles of Dog Breed- ing. The American Kennel Club will not register a litter from artificial mating. In securing and testing the semen certain precautions should be ob- served. The room where the test is being made should be warm. The specimen should be obtained in a rubber pouch placed over the end of the penis (first and last ejaculations usually do not contain as many live cells). The rubber pouch (sterilized before use) should be placed and sus- pended quickly in a tube or vessel of water kept at approximately 100 de- grees temperature. Specimens for the microscope should be withdrawn in a sterilized syringe (or eye dropper) and placed on a heated slide for the microscope. Unwilling Stud If the^ male is a poor mater, per- haps he is too fat, perhaps he is over- fed, perhaps he doesn't get enough exercise. It would be well also to have another male dog there but at a safe distance in order to incite the stud. Some males simply will not be- come good studs. Stimulants can be given to males as well as to bitches. Ovarian gland ex- tracts are obtainable commercially and have som kJA^^ATiKic ^^^^^ ledger paper. 10 for 50 cents, 25 for DOC WORLD MAGAZINE $1.00 A -.4.UI.. -II u--«^- «.««,-;»« ,«».«,.!«« DELUXE — 4-generatlon, in three colors, A monthly aj'-jreeds magazine covering ^j^^, beautiful border, on stock certificate ALL sections ©f America ALL breeds. ALL ^y^^ ^^st distinctive certificate avail- dog subjects. Many pictures, features, news ^^^ ^^ ,q f ^^ qq 25 for $2.00. and hints on training, feeding. Showing, and ^f^f B. R° Jnd Deluxe ?onSn also a 'TiiiSffor 1 year. $3 for 2 years, or a ^[^-^, lotMo^'neTpald"' ■"""'' ^'*'"' '"' ^n^'I^^Sts^'o^ ar;LJ°neSdealer''"'"' s"x' GENERAT|5n-?wo colors. 126 dogs. *^®^l?LcrS' Zr^Ll?LZT.^i%*L,, r.n ^hite. Very desirable for study of bloodlines. The best $2 per year investment you can ^q ^ j^^qq 25 for $2.00. Tt^ "^tt+tor ^^n..^!rf h^cJnLf or"liH ^11 thcse blanks tail be filled in on the dogs, whether you are beginner or old- typewriter. Fold nicely Into a large (No. 10) ONE SUGGESTION ALONE may save the ^th'^edf^Tee' Tder ^'^ '^8'»*"»'°" •"^"•'» lives of your dogs, reduce expenses, correct. "*"'" ?f, Sow A Act i eaci e-t improper diet, improve type and bloodlines, rUrrT Cv/d I LtAfLtl and Increase your sales. Sets forth all the many costs In conduct- ing a kennel, breeding dogs, and caring for TED DIED TDIKilkillKir* OUADT ^ litter. Explains reasonableness of sales ItKKItK I KIMMIINO Vi^HAK I ppjces. 50 for $1.00. Ideal Inclosure with 3rd ed. Complete instruction In grooming, sales letter, plucking, conditioning and preparation of ^TIIH ^PRVIPF RFCODn ALL terriers for the show. By Will Judy. . ^'" , f^'^^^y^ "^5 x .. . . Two colors. $1.00 each. 3 for $2.00. f"?"" complete exact records of all stud services, with fee and registration data. $3.00 SINGLE BLANKS. 4 for 50c min. PICTURE CHART ALL DOGS oder; lo for $i. ALL AKC recognized breeds correctly SIRIUS SENTIMENT SERIES drawn according to official standards. Size f^ery dog lover should hdve these. The 19x24 in., suitable for framing Arranged p^ce is $1 for entire lot of 14 (each 4x9), by show groups. 5th ed. $1 each, 3 for $2. ^j. 5 gg^s for $3, 1. — Senator Vest's Tribute to a Dog. . . WORLD MAP OF DOGS ^7;^5fa„°e'3. !'°'' 4.i^A'-5;g".rPrIJi. "."* New 2nd ed., two colors. All the breeds 5. — My Dog is Dead. . . 6. — Purgatory of of the world with country of origin. Attrac- Dogs. . . 7. — Then Be Not so Cruel. . . tlve. educational, informative, $1 each, 3 8. — The Dog's Bill of Rights. . . . 9. — ^Why for $2 (can be assorted with Picture Chart Get a Dog. . . 10.- Why the World Likes and Terrier Trimming Chart). Dogs. . . 11. — Don't Call a Man a Dog. . . 12. — Dog the Only True Love that Money Can Buy. . . 13. — No Room in Heaven for PEDIGREE SERVICE Oog^ 14— Have a Heart. Certified pedigrees furnished, based upon THE FEMALE AKC, CKC and Field Dog Stud Books. 3 A tribute in praise of the female dog. gen. $1.50 (if reg. Number of dog is not By Will Judy. Rev. 2nd ed. Give a copy furnished, $2) ; 4 gen. $2.50, 5 gen. $4.50; to the prospect who demands a male. 50 6 gen. $7. Cash must accompany order. for $1.00; 100 for $1.75. JUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY WORLD'S LARGEST PUBLISHERS OF DOG BOOKS JUDY BUILDING — 3323 MICHIGAN BOULEVARD 'Jlf-^,^''| CHICAGO 16