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RY oe eas a ioe in dar ‘% ie a bie i qr 1 - ps a Hh at an : , ae ea gy cn - - xin Fy re - tt aren 0) ie ALASKA VOLUME VIII | a) oe 7 ie 7 oe me 7 st r 7 OL a ae ery i 1 7 my) y H.A.E. VOL. VIII FRONTISPIECE LITH.BRITTON & REY. 6F. ALASKA INSECTS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION HARRIMAN ALASKA SERIES VOLUME VIII INSECTS PART I BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, NATHAN BANKS, A. N. CAUDELL; O. F. COOK, ROLLA P. CURRIE, HARRISON G. DYAR, JUSTUS WATSON FOLSOM, O. HEIDEMANN, TREVOR KINCAID, THEO. PERGANDE, and E. A. SCHWARZ (PusuicaTion 1995) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1910 ADVERTISEMENT. The publication of the series of volumes on the Harriman Alaska Expedition of 1899, heretofore pri- vately printed, has been transferred to the Smithsonian Institution by Mrs. Edward H. Harriman, and the work will hereafter be known as the Harriman Alaska Series of the Smithsonian Institution. The remainder of the edition of Volumes I to V, and Vitl to XTIT\.as also” Volumes VI and, Vil- in preparation, together with any additional volumes that may hereafter appear, will bear special Smithsonian title pages. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON, D.C., JuLy, 1910 HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION WITH COOPERATION OF WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ALASKA VOLUME VIII INSECTS PAR BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, NATHAN BANKS, A. N. CAUDELL, O. F. COOK, ROLLA P. CURRIE, HARRISON G. DYAR, JUSTUS WATSON FOLSOM, O. HEIDEMANN, TREVOR KINCAID, THEO. PERGANDE AND E. A. SCHWARZ NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1904 COPYRIGHT, 1904, BY EpwarRp H. HARRIMAN. PREFACE THE entomologist of the Harriman Alaska Expedition was Trevor Kincaid, Professor of Biology in the University of the State of Washington, at Seattle. His zeal and activity may be inferred from the fact that in two months he obtained about 8,000 insects, representing a thousand species. On the return of the Expedition this material was distributed to a dozen spec- ialists, who have worked up the various groups. The resulting papers, 18 in number, are here brought together in two volumes. The collections contained at least half a dozen new genera, 344 new species, and a still larger number previously unknown from Alaska. In most instances the special papers deal only with the ma- terial brought back by the Expedition, but in a few cases, as in the Hymenoptera, the previously known records from Alaska are added, so that the paper presents a summary of existing knowledge of the group. In one little known group (the Myria- poda) the available data for northwestern North America are assembled. The resulting paper, it is believed, will be of great value to future workers in this neglected field. In a few instances authors have treated the types of their new species in a very loose manner, in some cases recording speci- mens from numerous localities, stretching along the coast for more than a thousand miles, as ‘‘type specimens” of a single species! The Editor wishes to disclaim responsibility for the nebulous and undifferentiated conception of a type implied in statements of this kind. A number of the papers have been published in the Proceed- ings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, and are here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that they may be quoted as the original. Facing each of these papers in an ex- (v) vi PREFACE planatory page giving a detailed account of the changes made in the present volume. The Introduction, by Professor Kin- caid, and the papers on Myriapoda and Homoptera, are now published for the first time. C. Hart MERRIAM, Lditor. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 1- 1903. CONTENTS PAGE PRINCE Mo oeeioncnsiee aclensn se nselnaneon seat ebacassoaee ss caeoccueeesttese cence: Vv IBISTY OF TLEUSTRATIONS 0 5cccso.cses-cue oleseseseatetensacedsesseraseqs see 1X INTRODUCTION. By Lrévor IRincaid: ..22-.ccsescccs-cteccecccenoedsccse I INRA CHNIDAZe: (OY Natnaty Danks n7 0c... sessscneccretcessssseessiacociocs 35 Myrraropace. By Oru Cook is... c:eiococsccieesd oecesnse cece esescesene 47 AAPTERVGOTA.) | Dy.)UStUS VV AtsOm iO ISOM a. Jusc-ccoscasceessecscess 83, ORTHOPTER'A. By Ac N. (Caudellt ance. cc acacnesscnvecvesccoasuesses 1G Awrimipare , (By: Pheon Mergande ste1cs.tencccceantcatesceccores docsters 119 HIOMOPTERA. ~ By Walliam/ i. Ashmead. .0.5. ccs. csccsesoseosssns see 127 HEEEROPTERA aby ©, Pleidemanne. 2 ...<.0c45-s5csccstescccetesecscns 139 OponaTa. By Rolla P. Currie...... LS Wuts-o/abia dis ciate sisieiiive viele areseesieleceisae 145 INEUROPTEROID INSECTS... By, Nathan Banks <.2.2.¢2..c-sc: <2 +-ceees 155 CoveourEera.) (ByiE Ay SchwWatzen-cdansstoctecn sorcuce snacks se seceos 169 METAMORPHOSES OF ALASKA COLEOPTERA. By Trevor Kin- EAN ener erecre eee Coane teas amt aie Menbine socia roman ceria e wtaise ventdien oneaets 187 LEPIDOPTERA. By. Harrison G.. Dyarici.oiiccccccccssesscteuacveness 211 HIN DS EKG stata Lesions nc secisewesaNeen'e sa deaseesscusls nanawauscetterscaceuasseeenteccs 229 (vii) ir! i " (ih 7 ; 62. lan ees Joan Negene a eigen an 7 co) alent aa igh col hte ie Goma May 1 t = i i va : a i, AA ‘ : ’ & uP trate a ieee | 7 i - ; im 7 ry 1 = dt F ee, 1 Westies : = Los i rt) ry ent d : yt ? a - 7h 1 (a _ j ; yy o aa piegy i i tee 7 aU rear y rn i 7 ip, if i nie alt All iene I i e 1% ae a > i 7 fj ma a a ' 1 e 7 A 7 a i ie mh) i ' Ww 7 7 + es it 0 7 f rug - — a - : i i” IN ¢3 Rv va vere SU Ani bt ay " 7 ar ip ys / ie a ae ; is ev 0 Pv way 1% | a : 1 i * ' - 7 oe a ste : ae a) ae! Sauna ears a 7 ij a uf : ns an it ' ay , 7 i a i Ree eit rn or ci" 7 i 7 7 i - " - a oh . - WH sy , st y ry ; 7 , ‘7 ive 7 Wa » =»! 7 a , Tis 1AA Vo 7 ai ' pe hs . id. Henly iden 4 7 , i ij - » I - 7 7 a y : avi) eae 6a > er. J, i ‘ eat : » f , j Aahw. : i. - rm mays ‘pen li ee > La 7 - - vd Py a) ss : 7 oe og - ie rad 4) | eee a4 A I ny ; ; yh; : ; ¥ cc py > it yu a ; ! 7 y A ren i 7 * i t 4) i yt ry f yk po i‘ ror ss / 7 esl i ye i ren) are i 0 fie . I a are , - ait pi : a iis re Tey a AL . y rt : aT r - i - ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES PLATE PAGE Po dInsectsvob Alaska.) sap cucecvecsdccses sos eresene . Frontispiece Fic. 1. Platarctia subnebulosa Dyar. 2. Bombus mixtuosus Ashm. 3. Volucella factalis Will. 4. Sitrex flavicornis Fab. 5. Cychrus angusticollis Fisch. 6. Carabus truncaticollis Fisch. 4. Tenthredo disstmilis Kincaid. 8. Leucorhinia hudsonica (Selys.). 9. Tipula septentrionalis Loew, short-winged form. 10. Ttpula septentrionalis Loew, long -winged form. I PATA CHIN Gas aun. ae die srat eae aan eae osme ne eae 46 DUE SM yiniapod act: aul aeaan: Meck. Se aoe eae ts 78-82 WAL Aor ER Lely GO tame cae. anne sania a, aceetr suse nen eae 106-114 mal Oxi Ss Neuropteroid: Insects. (3 2.01 .eee een eee ae 166-168 PED NEV I arvee of: Coleoptera: ces. -s2c.c.c2 ove aceeeecsce oe 202-210 TEXT FIGURES FIGURE PAGE Hemp yletlalcatlark, cchincnmeeetctraee cee vue aa. to osae sods See Lae 6 2. Indian village, Fox Point, Southeastern Alaska.......... 8 Sem lslamassnears Sita’. 6 sic.05. ao enc ise ieaoceae es eee 13 Ama NOLe sty MCAT OIUCA act haxetaanel: sana es oneal ese an eae 14 Gee MA Utatsh ch ca vasa Baise ainets sina eee Oath ste se eee aE RG aM ane econ 17 G-9. Genitalia of Homopterasi.i.4.co25ccc0tehsan cco Mest soca cents 135-137 (ix) " i vi Aye AY Dear eri oye a rete th Ve) : — or ae : ary | ; rary ens Ma Woe: 2 NR, Me, CA mein eer (ng de Ra ; Pied Mee a , i" ih ay te iv, oe aT ate ay in el 7 ». - sn i vy 4 7 . oat pees e Ay = "y : i ay i rN wih Y A eae vi aaa és ae og 7 : we 2. a7 a, 7 1 7 7 ay i Reged Gia Oe any by 5 Sy reN Lila * im he: eae 1 A mal Dinar ae 1 per as “ : ren nF i yy . ry : : ; ; a 4 Bory was esi my F a a ot eae : ier a ot a1 7 De ‘ At ii . rn is an 7 wee - on (ser hey yall dy Dhan Wie Aad wy RA), Oe Po hy ak BER Ue 88, i ‘ BY Dy fu UG) TGERAAD vf ihe WK CR GATL oY ‘o8 THE INSECTS OF ALASKA INTRODUCTION BY TREVOR KINCAID THE voyage of the Harriman Alaska Expedition gave an opportunity for an entomological reconnaissance of the coastal regions of Alaska. As no such opportunity had previously oc- curred, and as the writer was the only member of the party especially interested in this branch of science, the duty devolved upon him of securing as large a representation as possible of the insect fauna. Fortunately the conditions were more favor- able than is usually the case in explorations of these northern latitudes. Every convenience that experience could suggest had been provided through the forethought of those in charge of the Expedition, and the work was further facilitated by the careful organization of the party. Moreover, the labors of the collector were only slightly interfered with by unpropitious weather, which is the more remarkable in a region noted for its excessive humidity and long-continued rains. (1) 2 ALASKA INSECTS Recognizing the fact that almost nothing was known con- cerning the insect fauna of Alaska outside of the orders Cole- optera and Lepidoptera, a special effort was made to secure representatives of those groups which, from the small size or obscure habits of their members, had not hitherto been collected inthe Territory. This endeavor was so successful that the result- ing collection contains by far the most extensive general series of insects ever brought from the region. It will enable ento- mologists to form an idea of the rich field that awaits them in this vast northern possession of the United States. The collection embraced in all more than 5,500 pinned insects, together with a considerable series of Arachnida, Myriapoda, and larval forms preserved in alcohol, making a total of about 8,000 specimens. With this material was combined, after the re- turn of the Expedition, a small series of Alaska insects collected by the writer while with the Fur Seal Commission in 1897, and a few specimens derived from other sources which happened to be present in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. The collections were made between the first of June and the first of August, 1899. Except a small number of specimens obtained in British Columbia, all of the material was collected in Alaska. Most of the stops were made going northward and westward, a few on the return journey. Collections were made at the following localities, which for convenience are arranged in geographical sequence, with date of visit: Lowe Inlet, June 3; Fox Point, July 26-27; Metlakatla, June 4; Farragut Bay, June 5; Taku Inlet, June 5-6; Juneau, June 6-8 and July 25; Muir Inlet, June 8-12; Sitka, June 14-17; Yakutat Bay, June 18-23; Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound, June 25-26; Orca, Prince William Sound, June 27; Seldovia, Kenai Penin- sula, July 21; Kukak Bay, Alaska Peninsula, June 30—July 5 ; Kadiak, July 20; Popof Island, July 7-18. Upon the return of the Expedition the collections were care- fully labeled and the specimens assorted into groups, after which they were transmitted to Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the Division of Entomology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Honorary Curator of Insects in the U. S. National Museum, for distribution to specialists for study and report. INTRODUCTION 3 As a result of these investigations there has been published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences a series of sixteen papers based upon the entomological material thus distributed. Two others are here published for the first time. The writer, as entomologist of the Expedition, wishes to thank the various authors for their promptness in reporting upon this material. On bringing together the data derived from these several sources, it was found that the number of species included in the entire collection was approximately 1,000, of which 344 were considered by the specialists to whom they were intrusted to be new to science. Descriptions of these new forms will be found in the following pages. The list also includes over twenty spe- cies hitherto recorded only from Europe, thus adding to the growing list of insects known to exist upon both the American and European continents. The number of previously described species, new species, and total number of species collected, arranged by orders, are here given. Insecta. Described Species. | New Species. Total. PND LCR Ca scenes scsesecaenscsecien: 8 6 14 INGULOPtErOIdSeccnecessmcsaccceees 25 9 34 Odomataerscesssseceorsosonecsesce aes 8 oO 8 Orpthopteray, ccccscsscseseacae: ot ene I oO I : Heteroptera..... 18 oO 18 LSE Homoptera...... 14 10 24 @oleoptenayeescsccesuee ts sceeeae 154 I 155 Diptenayerccccssscoc essere. canes 213 63 276 IWEPIAO PECK asessecesccmsncesasse nett 66 9 75 Ply memo ptenais.c..ccece-se+ sce. 98 237 335 Miyigia pOdatscc.cccecesccsscereice ses 6 3 9 AT ACMMIGA seccessctscessceeeesees: 46 6 52 aROtalacemicasccses ences 657 44 1,001 | | An effort was made to record, while in the field, such data as seemed worthy of preservation as a preliminary study of the biology of Alaska insects. It was hoped that some observa- tions might be made bearing upon the adaptations of these forms of life to the peculiar climatic conditions of the coastal regions of Alaska. At Sitka, for instance, the annual precipitation attains the enormous total of 105 inches, and at Unalaska, in the Aleutian Islands, it is but little less. Another feature con- 4 ALASKA INSECTS stantly kept in mind was the relation between the insect fauna and the northern flora. Through the courtesy of the botanists of the Expedition, the writer has been furnished with identi- fications of the plants which he collected incidentally in connec- tion with this work. It is needless to say that the great length of the itinerary, together with the shortness of the stops possible at most of the stations, were hardly propitious for thorough observations along these lines. Such work can only be properly carried forward by resident naturalists with time at their disposal to follow the course of the seasons from one year to another. But such general facts as were observed are set down for the benefit of those who shall subsequently visit these regions and investigate more fully the natural history. The conditions are so different in different parts of the Alaska coast that it seems desirable to summarize briefly, from the entomological standpoint, the special features of each stopping place, including the more important discoveries, and such ob- servations upon the biology of the insects as time and circum- stances permitted. LOWE INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA june 3.— The first landing made by the Expedition was at this small settlement on the northern shores of British Colum- bia, where several hours were spent in making collections. The clearings about the village were thickly overgrown with a tangle of plants belonging to species common along the coasts of Wash- ington and Vancouver Island, as the salmon-berry (/tudus spec- tabilis), wild currant (/tzbes bracteosum), and elder-berry (Sam- bucus racemosus), all of which were in bloom. Several other familiar plants were also in evidence, as the yellow violet ( Vzola glabella) and the dwarf cornel (Cornus canadensis). Insects were by no means abundant, but by dint of consider- able sweeping a number of species were brought to light, prin- cipally Diptera, of which group 23 species were taken. About the flowers of the salmon-berry several Syrphide hovered, in- cluding Sphegina infuscata Loew, Baccha obscuricornis Meig., Platychirus peltatus Meig., and Melanostoma mellinum ch). INTRODUCTION 5 About the same flowers darted a swarm of Empide, comprising three species—/thamphomyza corvina Loew, Empis triangula sp. nov. Cog., and Microphorus flavipilosus sp. nov. Coq. Another insect that was extremely common was £7620 variabzlis Loew. In sweeping through the grass and low herbage several interesting Mycetophilide were captured, including Dzadocidia borealis sp. nov. Cog. and Sczara tridentata Ribs., the latter originally described from Greenland. ‘Two species of Tipulide were taken in the same manner; one of these, A’hypholophis afints Lund., is recorded from Greenland, the other, Z7zcy- phona vitripennis (Doane), from the State of Washington. Very few beetles were in evidence. Amphichroum testaceum occurred in vast numbers at the flowers of the salmon-berry. Hypnoides musculus Esch. was found beneath stones along the beach, while Podabrus pintphilus Esch. crawled about among the foliage. Of Hymenoptera, the most conspicuous were the bumble-bees, of which several species were noticed visiting the salmon-berry. A single saw-fly, Zenthredo ferrugineipes Nort., was swept from a branch of elder-berry, while an Ichneumon caught among the grass was found by Mr. Ashmead to represent a new species, Philonygus glacialis Ashmead. METLAKATLA, ALASKA June 4.—A stop of half a day was made at this interesting missionary village, on Annette Island, at the extreme southeast- ern limit of Alaska territory. The vicinity of the settlement is rather favorable for the operations of the entomologist, since it is open and marshy, with scattered clumps of scrub pine (Pinus contorta) and occasional pools and small lakes. In the marshy ground were found in full bloom many of the most characteristic plants of southeastern Alaska, including Pingaz- cula vulgaris, Coptis trifolia, Menyanthes trifoliata, Sieversia calthifolia, Drosera longifolia, Nephrophyllidium cristagall, Empetrum nigrum, Rubus chamemorus, Lysichiton kamtschat- ense, Habenaria hyperborea, and Dodecatheon viviparum. Amidst this array of blossoms Diptera were very numerous, and the net soon yielded over thirty species. At the flowers of 6 ALASKA INSECTS Menyanthes, the principal visitors were Er¢stalis occidentalis Will., WVeoascia globosa L., and Melanostoma mellinum (L.). At Nephrophyllidium the only insect taken was Jelanostoma mellinum (L.), while at Szeversca a number of Muscidz were captured, as well as one species of Syrphide (J/elanostoma trichophus Thomson). In the spathes of Lyszchzton, a beetle (Donacia femoralis Kby.) was found at work devouring pollen, and here also occurred the fly, Syrphus ribesit L. Sweeping brought to light a number of Diptera hidden in the grass and herbage, including five Tipulide, of which two were FIG. I. MEHTLAKATLA. new (Zzpula strigata Coq. and 77pula gelida Coq.); three species of Empide, all of which were new (imps _fumida Cogq., Lehamphomyia glauca Coq., and FRhamphomyia anthracodes Coq.); and two species of Dolichopodide, Dolichopus longi- manus Loew being especially abundant. Of the Muscidz, the most interesting were Orthocheta pilosa (Zett.), a European species not previously known from America, and CGrdoparea glauca Coq., a new species of Sciomyzide. With the exception of water beetles, the Coleoptera do not thrive in very marshy places, only six species being found, and these of an uninteresting character, except Stenus umbratilis Casey, which was new to Alaska, although known from British Columbia. The same may be said of the Heteroptera, since INTRODUCTION 7. only one, Gerris rufoscutellatus, a widespread species, was observed. Of the small number-of Hymenoptera captured, the most interesting were two species of ants discovered in a decay- ing pine stump. They were representatives of two genera (Leptothorax yankee kincaidi Pergande and Formica neoru- Jibarbis Emery), and, with the exception of one species, are the first members of this group to be recorded from Alaska. The /ormica was subsequently found as far west as Kadiak. Excepting a few bumble-bees (Bomdbus yuxtus Cr.), no other representatives of this order were seen, aside from two species of saw-flies. One of these ( Zenthredo erythromera Prov.) was already known from Vancouver Island, while the second was a new species of Monophadnus (M. insularis Kincaid). Only two species of Lepidoptera were captured — moths of the families Geometride and Tortricidae. Rheumaptera has- tata L.. was very common here, as well as at several localities subsequently visited. The second species has been described by Dr. Fernald as Phoxopteris kincatdiana sp. nov. Eight spiders and two Myriapods complete the list of captures at this point. Both of the latter are of interest, one of them (Parajulus alaskanus Cook) being new to science, while the other, a little hairy Diplopod of the genus Polyxenus (P. pugetensis Kincaid), was originally described from the State of Washington. FOX POINT July 26-27. —'This name is applied to an Indian village at the extreme southeastern corner of the Alaska mainland. It was once populous, but is now deserted. It was the last station touched at by the Expedition on the return journey. Although the season was well advanced for this section of the country, some summer plants were still in bloom, more especially certain of the Umbellifere. At these plants 23 species of Diptera were captured, the most notable of which were Syrphide: Prprza pisticordes Will., Syrphus velutinus Will., Spherophoria sulphuripes (Thomson), Zr7stal’s flavipes Walk., Eristalis obscurts Loew, Criorhina armillata O. S.., 8 ALASKA INSECTS Criorhina scitula Will.; Tachinide, five species, including Paraphyto borealis sp. nov. Coq. The bumble-bees collected were of four species — B. oregon- ensis Cr., B. alaskensis sp.nov. Ashm., B. mzxtuosus sp. nov. Ashm., and B. dimidrata sp. nov. Ashm. The Sphegoidea were represented by Clytochrysus gracilissimus (Pack.) and Mimesa propingua sp. nov. Kincaid, the Vespoidea by Odynerus albo- phaleratus Sauss. Three Ichneumonide found at the above FIG. 2. INDIAN VILLAGE, FOX POINT mentioned Umbelliferee were determined by Mr. Ashmead as Lthyssa alaskensis sp. nov., Lnicospilus purgatus (Say), and Lehogas harrimant sp. nov. A few beetles were collected, but none of these were of special interest. The same may be said of the Heteroptera, of which only three species were secured. Homoptera were represented by a leaf-hopper, three species of Aphalara, and one of Psydla. Several butterflies were netted as they fluttered along a path- way — the only examples seen of Papzlio machaon aliaska Edw. and Vanessa milberti Godt. FARRAGUT BAY June 5.—A short stop was made at this point, but the conditions were unfavorable for collecting. ‘Turning over some of the débris along the shore, eight species of Coleoptera were discovered. One of these proved to be a new species (Vedrza kincaidi Schwarz), while another (Zelephorus divisus Lec.) INTRODUCTION 9 was new to Alaska, although known to occur in British Co- lumbia. Four interesting Diptera were taken in the same situation with the above — Didyma pullula Van der Wulp, a Tachinid origi- nally described from Mexico; Chzrosta glauca Coq., a new species of Anthomyid; Aptilotus politus (Will.), a Borborid originally described from California; Gdoparea glauca Coq., a new form of the family Sciomyzide, specimens of which had already been taken at Metlakatla. In addition to these a Syr- phid (Sphegina infuscata) was captured at the flowers of a spe- cies of Lupinus. A single caddice-fly found beneath a stone proved to be Asynarchus punctatissimus (Walker), a widely distributed representative of the group. JUNEAU June 7 and July 25.—A short stay was made at Juneau on June 7, during the northward journey of the Expedition, but the con- ditions were not favorable for the collection of insects. On the return trip a day (July 25) was spent at this locality, and a better opportunity was afforded to study the entomological conditions of the region. At the rear of the town a good collecting ground was found about the shores of a small pond in a deep hollow. Here were growing dense patches of Afclobium spicatum and numerous other plants. Over thirty species of Diptera were captured, including ten species of Syrphide. Most of the latter had already been collected at other localities, the only exceptions being Syrphus gracilis sp. nov. Coquillett and Xylota barbata Loew. Other interesting Diptera were /thamphomyza setosa Coq. and Sepszs flavimana Meigen, the latter a European species not previously known from the American continent. Bumble-bees were quite common on the blossoms of pzlobzum spicatum, including Bomdbus nearcticus Handl., B. melanopy- gus Nyl., B. oregonensis Cr., and Pszthyrus insularis (Smith). Ichneumonoidea were also abundant among the herbage, and yielded ten species, of which eight were new to science, includ- ing anew genus (Hyfosyntactus Ashmead). Dragon-flies were common about the edge of the pond, but all were of a single species, Hnallagma calverti Morse. Io ALASKA INSECTS The list of insects taken at Juneau is completed by a few beetles, two moths, a single true-bug, a Neuropteroid insect (Chloroperla pacifica Banks), and six species of Arachnida. On crossing to Douglas City, on the opposite side of the channel from Juneau, a few additional captures were made, mainly at the blossoms of Achillea millefolium. MUIR INLET, GLACIER BAY june 9-12.—For four days the members of the Expedition explored the shores of Glacier Bay in the vicinity of the Muir Glacier. On the oth the writer formed one of a party to visit a small island in the bay just opposite the face of the glacier. It was found to consist mainly of glacial débris, and was thickly overgrown with shrubs and flowering plants, including Sedum roseum, Fragaria chiloensts, Astragalus alpinus, Dryas octo- petala, Chamenerion latifolium, a species of Taraxacum, and several species of Salix. The stones along the shore of this little island concealed numerous beetles, mostly Carabide, which scampered away when their hiding places were disturbed. Among the captures ~ made in this way were iVebria mannerheimi Fisch., Vebria metallica Fisch., Pterostichus riparius Dej., Pterostichus luczoti Dej., Bembidium complanatum Mann., Bembidium bimaculatum Kby., Amara remotestriata Dej., and Calathus ingratus De}. On the following day a party was conveyed in a naphtha launch to a point on the shore of the bay several miles from the foot of the glacier. Here a favorable collecting ground was selected and the day was spent in exploring the neighborhood. The soil of the entire region was evidently of recent glacial origin, and in the gravelly débris a growth of coniferous trees was attempting to establish itself. Dense thickets of alder and willow made traveling somewhat difficult. Among the more conspicuous plants in bloom were Caltha palustris, Anemone multifida, Anemone parviflora, Dodecatheon pauciforum, Agui- legia formosa, Ranunculus occidentalis, Silene acaulis, Arabis ambigua, Petasites frigida, and Primula egaltkensis. The plant whose blossoms seemed to attract the greatest number of insects was Caltha palustris. The visitors were INTRODUCTION zi mostly Diptera, and among them were the following—Syr- phide: MJelanostoma mellinum (L.), Syrphus contumax O.S., Syrphus glacialis (Johnson), Helophilus dychet Will., and Eristalis tenax; Empide: /thamphomyia setosa Cog., Hil- ara transfuga Walk.; Scatophagide: Scatophaga islandica Becker, Cordylura vittcpes Loew, Cordylura preusta Loew; Phoride: Zrzneura aterrima (Fabr.); Anthomyide: Ayeto- desta brunneinervis (Stein), Homalomyia flavivaria sp. nov. Cog., and Phoréza biczliata sp. nov. Cog. Resting upon the under surfaces of the leaves of the same plant, but never appear- ing on the flowers, were vast numbers of a species of Psy- chodide, Pericoma bipunctata Kin., originally described from Washington and California. The willows also were well supplied with visitors, among which may be mentioned the following — Mycetophilide : Boletina grenlandica Staeger; Bibionide: L7b10 variadbilis Loew, Dilophus serraticollis Walk.; Syrphide: Syrphus gla- cialis (Johnson), Alelanostoma mellinum (L.); Empide: Rham- phomyia albopilosa sp. nov. Coq. In sweeping among the herbage three species of Tipulidae were netted— 7rzcyphona diaphana Doane, Dicranota argentea Doane, and 7zpula tene- brosa sp. nov. Coq. Resting among the foliage of the willow bushes were several saw-flies, including Dolerus sericeus Say and Tenthredo vari- picta Nort., while at the blossoms of the same plant occurred the bumble-bees Bombus melanopygus Nyl. and Psithyrus ensularts (Smith). On the afternoon of June 10 an effort was made to climb one of the high hills to the left of the glacier, where the steep slope rises to the height of about two thousand feet. For some dis- tance the hillside was dotted with clumps of alders and dwarf willows. At the blossoms of the latter bumble-bees were com- mon, and here also was taken a single male specimen of Andrena Srigida Smith, noteworthy as the first of the solitary bees to be discovered in Alaska. On the same slope were found the first butterflies of the Expedition, Prerzs napi bryonte Ochs., as well as two moths, Petrophora borealis Hulst and Phoxopteris kin- cardiana sp. nov. Fernald. I2 ALASKA INSECTS The last day was spent in exploring the district at the west- ern side of the glacier. Among the morainic material left be- hind by the ice in its retreat, numerous plants soon take root, among the very first being the willow-herb (Chamenerion lati- folium), the brilliant blossoms of which brighten the shattered rocks. The only insects captured at the flowers of this species were the Syrphid Platychirus aeratus Coq., and, more abun- dantly, Limnophora nobilis Zett. and Spania edeta Walker, the latter one of the few representatives of the Xylophagide foundin Alaska. Many minute Ichneumonidz also were taken in the sweep net, and several of these were subsequently found to be new. Above the western edge of the glacier, on a ledge of glacial débris, several small ponds were discovered in which a large number of aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera disported them- selves. Of the latter there were two species, Corzsa convexa Fieber and Corsa preusta Fieber. The beetles were of three species, Deronectes griseostriatus DeG., Hydroporus signatus Dej., and Agadus tristis Aubé. Of the last-mentioned species numerous larve were also secured beneath the débris along the shore. In the same pond were numbers of caddice-fly larve, but only one adult insect was taken. It has been described by Mr. Banks as Asynarchus fumosus sp. nov. Apterygota were quite common under the stones upon the moraines. Four species were taken, three of which were new to science, Extomobrya kincaidit Folsom, Papirius palmatus Folsom, and Machilis arctica Folsom. ‘The Arachnida were well represented at this point, since fifteen species, including three new forms, were collected without any special effort. Myriapoda were not common, the only species found being Conotyla atrolineata (Bollman). SITKA June 14-17.— The neighborhood of Sitka has been perhaps more carefully investigated than any other section of Alaska. Here the Russian naturalists made their most important col- lections, and those who have followed in their footsteps have usually made Sitka their rendezvous. And with very good INTRODUCTION 13 reason, for there is no doubt that the characteristic flora and fauna of the coastal region of southeastern Alaska here attain their most perfect development. After traversing the vast stretch of rocky, and in the main inhospitable, coast line between Vancouver Island and Sitka, it is with a sense of deepest pleasure that the naturalist sets foot within the noble forests of Sitka spruce and follows the winding pathways that traverse the great natural park on the banks of Indian River. For three days the members of the Expedition ——_— — — FIG. 3. ISLANDS NEAR SITKA. had the privilege of delving in this primeval forest in search of biological treasures. To one accustomed to the forests of western Washington, the scenery seemed strangely familiar. The conifers were indeed of different species, but of the same general character, while the underwood was composed of shrubs and flowering plants identical in many cases with those found farther south. There were tangled thickets of salmon-berry (Pubus spectabtlis) and elder-berry (Sambucus), with here and there clumps of the inhospitable devil’s club (Panax horridum). Gloomy spots were lighted up by the broad green leaves and yellow spathes of the skunk cabbage (Lyszchiton). At the rivers edge grew dense growths of willow and wild currant (fezbes bracteosum). Among the less conspicuous vegetation many familiar plants greet the sojourner from the south, for example, the spring-beauty (Claytonia sibirica), mitrewort I4 ALASKA INSECTS ( Tiarella trifoliaia), yellow violet (Viola gladella), and Os- morrhiza nuda. Undoubtedly, of all the plants in bloom at this season the greatest favorite with flower-visiting insects was the salmon- berry. Its long period of blooming, its widely opened blossoms, and its abundant, easily accessible nectar, render it an attractive rendezvous for insects. ‘The pendant form of the flowers is also important, as the flaring corolla sheds the rain, and in this way not only protects the nectaries, but also provides a shelter for visiting insects during the frequent showers. In the short time at our dis- posal it was of course impos- sible to do more than make a hasty collection of the more conspicuous insects, but the re- sults show what a rich harvest awaits more thorough investi- gation. More than 200 species were collected, of which 34 were new to science, several new to America, and many rep- resented additions to the fauna of Alaska. As usual, the Diptera form the predominant feature of the insect fauna, not only in spe- cies, but also in abundance of individuals. At hours when the sun shone the air fairly swarm- ed with Diptera and other flying insects. The most abundant flies were Bib7o variabilis and Dilophus serraticollis, the latter occurring in countless numbers in the blossoms of the salmon- berry. The same flower furnished a harboring place for num- bers of Syrphide, of which nine species were secured: Chzeloszra plutonia Hunter, Melanostoma mellinum (L.), Platychirus pelta- tus (Meigen), Platychirus albimanus Fabr., Syrphus diversipes Macq., Syrphus amalopis O. S., Baccha obscuricornis Loew., Sphegina tnfuscata Loew., Brachyopa notata O.S., Sericomyza FIG. 4. FOREST NEAR SITKA. INTRODUCTION en chalcopyga Loew., Criorhina tricolor sp. nov. Coq., and £77s- talts occidental’s Will. Of these the most abundant were Chz/o- sta plutonia and Sphegina infuscata. Platychirus albimanus is a European species and an addition to the American fauna. Perhaps the most striking feature of the dipterous fauna at this point was a large number of species and individuals of the family Empide. No less than fifteen species were swept from the bushes bordering the pathways. This series includes repre- sentatives of six genera (Lmprs, Gloma, Microphorus, Fham- phomyia, Ocydromia, and Platypalpus), and of the species ten were new to science. The most abundant species were Les virgata Coq. and Hmprs triangula sp. nov. Cov. Among other interesting Diptera taken at this place may be mentioned the Chironomid named by Mr. Coquillett Chasma- tonotus univiltatus sp. nov., Scrara expolita sp. nov. Cogq., Beris annulifera Bigot (the only representative of the Strati- omyidz seen upon the Expedition), eleven species of Antho- myidz, including two previously undescribed, and two species of Loncheide (Lonchea albitarsis Zett. and L. deutchi Zett.), both additions to the American fauna. No special effort was made to collect Coleoptera, since this order has been thoroughly collected by the Russians and others, but over 50 species were taken, including several new to the fauna of Alaska, namely, Agyrtes Jongulus Lec., Sera cosomus tncongruus Lec., and Eros fetus Mots. With the exception of the common white Pers no butterflies were taken at Sitka, but 17 species of moths appear in the col- lection. Most of them belong to the families Noctuidae and Geometridae. The latter family included one new form, Tephroclistis flebilis sp. nov. Hulst. It is evident that the extreme humidity of this and other sec- tions of Alaska is not favorable to the higher Hymenoptera. No fossorial Hymenoptera were found at Sitka, but a wasp (Vespa borealis Kirby) was taken at the blossom of AMenzzesza ferruginea. Diligent search among the fallen timber revealed three colonies of ants belonging to the species Hormica neoru- jibarbis Em., Lastus niger sitkensis Pergande, and J/yrmica sulcinodotdes Em. 16 ALASKA INSECTS The Apoidea were represented almost exclusively by mem- bers of the genus Bombus (B. californicus Smith and B&B. alaskensis sp. nov. Ashmead). These, together with Pszthyrus tnsularts (Smith), occurred at the blossoms of the salmon-berry. A solitary female specimen of Andrena frigida Smith was swept from the catkin of a willow, and thus furnished a com- panion in the collection for the male of the same species taken a few days previously at the Muir Glacier. Of the Ichneumonoidea, a rather small series was secured, comprising only 17 species; but of these only five were pre- viously known, the remaining twelve having been described as new by Mr. Ashmead. One of them was made the type of a new genus (Dadlatorrea). The Tenthredinoidea seem to thrive in these northern regions better than their higher relatives, since sixteen species were ob- tained by sweeping among the shrubbery. The family Lydide was represented by three species— //ycorsta marginiventris Cr., Cephaleta nigropectus Cr., and Bactroceros sitkensis sp. nov. Kincaid; the Selandriide by Lrythraspides ashmeadit sp. nov. Kincaid and Peczlostomidea maculata Nort.; the Nematidz by Pachynematus ocreatus Ugtn., Pristtphora lena sp. nov., and Pteronus rivularis sp. nov. Kincaid; the Tenthredinidz by Dolerus sericeus Say and seven species of Zenthredo: T. fer- ruginetpes Cr., T. varipicta Nort., 7. evansit HUgtn., 7. lineata Prov., Z. nigricollis Kby., 7. erythromera Prov., and 7. mela- nosoma Ugtn. These large and beautiful saw-flies form a most conspicuous feature of the insect fauna. Of the Neuropteroids eight species were encountered, mostly forms known to exist in other regions of America, the only ex- ception being a caddice-fly described by Mr. Banks as Lzmne- philus harrimant. The Hemiptera, as was the case at most points, were poorly represented. Of Heteroptera only three were seen— Irbisia sericans Stal., Scolopostethus thompsoni Reuter, and Corisa preusta Fieber. The Homoptera were more nu- merous, seven species of leaf-hoppers comprising the list, but all of these were previously known from other sections of America. INTRODUCTION 17 Of Apterygota, Mr. Folsom found six species in the collec- tion made at Sitka, three of which were new to science. Ten species of Arachnida, including two new forms, and two Chilopods (Parajulus alaskanus sp. nov. Cook and Geophilus alaskanus sp. nov. Cook) complete the list of Sitka Arthropods. YAKUTAT June 18-22. On June 18 a party landed at the village of Yakutat, and for three days a camp was established upon a sand spit close to the settlement. Although the weather was showery, a diligent effort was made to secure as large a series of insects as the time would permit. The region about Yakutat Bay is densely timbered, and back from the coast rugged hills rise almost from the water’s edge FIG. 5. YAKUTAT. and make the interior almost impassable. It was soon discov- ered that very few living things were to be found in this gloomy forest. Most of the life was confined to the narrow zone be- tween high-tide and the edge of the timber, where rich banks of vegetation were spread out in the sunlit spaces. The prin- cipal element in these thickets was the ubiquitous salmon-berry, with here and there patches of devil’s club, huckleberry, and wild currant. At intervals the rugged shore gave way to stretches of level sandy ground upon which numerous flowering plants found an opportunity for development, the most notable being the strawberry (/ragarta chiloensis), tufts of lupine, the 18 ALASKA INSECTS wild pea-vine (Lathyrus maritimus), with isolated clumps of alder and willow. Occasional marshy spots and small ponds supported a different vegetation, including //abenaria, Nephro- phyllidium cristagalli, Caltha palustris, and other aquatic plants. Immediately in front of the village a small island stands out in the bay. Upon this our party found an extensive patch of strawberry plants in full bloom. Here also occurred several tufts of Heracleum lanatum with the umbels partially opened. This plant is a great favorite with flower-visiting insects, but was not yet sufficiently advanced to welcome any guests. The insect fauna of Yakutat is evidently very closely related to that of Sitka, but not so rich, since the environment is not so diversified. In all 164 species of insects were taken, of which 37 were new to science, but many of these had been already collected at Sitka. As usual the Diptera predominated in the collections, the list in this group comprising 63 species. The Syrphide were very abundant. Of the eleven species secured here six had already been collected at Sitka, while five appeared here for the first time —Chzlosia borealis sp. nov. Coquillett, Chzlosia alaskensts Hunter, Chzlosta lasiopthalma Will., Syrphus glacialis ( John- son), and Syrphus macularis (Zett.). This latter species, ac- cording to Mr. Coquillett, is a European form not hitherto known from America. Most of the Syrphide were taken at the flowers of the straw- berry, including Chzlosca alaskensis Hunter, Chilosia lasiop- thalma Will., Chelosia borealis sp.nov., Syrphus amalopis O. S., Syrphus glacialis (Johnson), Sphegina infuscata Loew, and Brachyopa notata O. S. The remaining species were swept from the blossoms of the salmon-berry, comprising Syrphus diverstpes Macq., Syrphus macularis (Zett.), ALelanostoma mellinum (L.), and Chelosta plutonda Hunter. The family Empide was represented by eleven species, of which the most common was Ems virgata Coq. Eight of these had already been observed at Sitka, but three were unfa- miliar —Empis clauda sp. nov. Coquillett, Gloma obscura Loew, and /hamphomyia disparilis sp. nov. Coq. INTRODUCTION I9 The Dolichopodide included Dolichopus plumipes (Scop.), previously taken at Sitka, and Porphyrops consobrinus Zett., a European form not previously recorded from the American con- tinent. Other interesting Diptera were: Telmatogeton alaskensis sp. nov. Coquillett, a strange Chironomid representing a genus not previously known to exist in America; seven species of Tipu- lide, including 77pula cineracea sp. nov. Coquillett; Boletina inops sp. nov. Coq., one of the Mycetophilide ; Phytomyza flavicornis Fallen, a European species of Agromyzidz not pre- viously known from America. The Coleoptera were not abundant, but, by dint of tearing off loose bark and turning over fallen timber, 43 species, mostly Staphylinide, were gathered. None of these proved to be of special interest, but several were found to be new to the fauna of Alaska, including Stenus cmsularis Casey, Orobanus simu- lator Lec., and Ditylus quadricollis Lec. No butterflies were observed at Yakutat, and very few moths appear in the collection. Only one representative of the Apoidea appeared — Bomdbus mixtuosus sp. nov. Ashmead. ‘Tenthredinide were compara- tively rare. Five species of Zenthredo were secured, but all had been previously found at Sitka, namely, 7. var7prcta Nort., T. evansti Hgtn., 7. flavomarginis Nort., 7. erythromera Prov., and 7. melanosoma Hgtn. Two new Nematids were taken in the sweep net—Pachynematus oronus Kincaid and Pteronus zebratus Kincaid. The parasitic Hymenoptera com- prised eighteen species of Ichneumonoidea, of which Mr. Ash- mead has described seventeen as new. The Neuropteroids yielded five species, of which three proved new. Spiders were not common, only twelve species appearing in the collection, but of these two have been described as new by Mr. Banks. VIRGIN BAY, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND June 25-26.—A stop of a little over twenty-four hours at this point was hardly long enough to make extensive collections, hence the list from Virgin Bay includes only 78 species, of which the majority are Diptera. 20 ALASKA INSECTS The region in which our camp was pitched was extremely boggy, with high mountains rising on every hand. The vege- tation was varied, and there is little doubt that the locality supports an extensive insect fauna. The party was landed at a late hour in the afternoon, but as Prince William Sound is near the ‘‘ land of the midnight sun,” the writer started out with ambitious strides to climb one of the great rocky hills which rose from near sea level to an altitude of about three thousand feet. The first part of the route lay through a marsh brilliant with many-colored blossoms, including Iris setosa, Habenaria hyperborea, Menyanthes trifoliata, Ne- phrophyllidium cristagalli, Pinguicula villosa, and Pedicularis versicolor. ‘The banks of a small stream were set with thickets of feubus spectabsélis and Panax horridum. The lower slopes of the hillside were very steep and thickly clothed with dense coniferous forest. Here and there a grassy open space glittered with the yellow flowers of Szeversza calthifolia. On climbing above the forest the hill became much rougher and a different series of plants were encountered, the most striking being Anem- one narcissifora, Arcteranthis cooleye, and Orchis aristata. Still higher upon the rocky summit occurred the characteristic plants of high altitudes—tiny primroses, delicate Ericacez, and diminutive Saxifragacez, while near by were great snow banks filling the depressions where the sun’s rays fell with diminished force. In struggling through these drifts several dead or be- numbed insects were picked up from the ice. They had evi- dently been blown by the wind from warmer regions and had been chilled by sudden contact with the frigid air of the snow fields. At the very apex of the hill was a small pond in which were many tiny water-beetles (7ydroporus tristis Payk.), while about the margin fluttered pretty caddice-flies, determined by Mr. Banks as Lemnephilus nebulosus Kirby. Several moths were also taken at this altitude, including Zytacis hyperborea sp. nov. Hulst. From the mountain top a magnificent view was had of the surrounding country, notwithstanding the fact that midnight was close at hand. The flowers of Szevers¢a seemed to attract numerous Diptera, especially Syrphide, and by sweeping among the patches of INTRODUCTION 21 this plant the following representatives of the family were se- cured: Chzlosia occidentalis Will., Chilosta plutonta Hunter, Melanostoma mellinum (L.), Syrphus amalopis O. S., Syrphus mentalis Will., Syrphus diverstpes Macq., /Veoascia globosa Walk., and Brachyopa notata O. S. Several Syrphids were also taken at the flowers of Vephrophyllidium cristagalli — Myitolepta bella Will. and Eristalts occidentalis Will. Of the 47 species of Diptera captured at Virgin Bay all but 14 had been previously encountered at more southern stations, but among the unfamiliar forms Mr. Coquillett found several of considerable interest, including Ornzthodes harrimantz, a 'Tipulid for which he found it necessary to erect a new genus; Cydzn- drotoma juncta sp. nov. Coq.; Emprs pellucida sp. nov. Coq., and /thamphomyta macrura sp.nov. Coq., new typesof Empide ; and Ceratopogon hirtulus sp. nov. Coq., an addition to the family Chironomide. Of Coleoptera very few were collected, and the Hemiptera are represented by a single Capsid. Among the Hymenoptera may be mentioned Bombus mix- tuosus sp. nov. Ashmead, here seen for the first time, but col- lected later at stations farther west. The specimens were taken at the flowers of Audus spectabsl’s. Upon a promontory jut- ting out into the bay was a considerable patch of Jlenztesia fer- ruginea, among whose bell-like blossoms Vespa borealis Kirby was found busily extracting nectar. Of saw-flies the collection yielded six species, but none of these were of special interest. Several parasitic Hymenoptera were collected, including /chneu- mon kincatdit sp. nov. Ashmead and Zelotypa alaskensis sp. nov. Ashmead, the latter one of the Proctotrypide. At this locality Odonata were first noticed in considerable numbers. ‘Two species were on the wing, but of these only one was captured — Leucorhinia hudsonica (Selys.). ORCA, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND June 24-25 and 27-28. —Short stops, mainly at night, were made at this point, where an extensive salmon cannery has been erected. The district is so mountainous and inaccessible that very few insects were taken. 22 ALASKA INSECTS Several of the species, however, do not appear in the col- lections made at other localities, namely, /°-hypholophus flaveolus sp. nov. Coq., one of the Tipulide ; Lerza fraterna (Loew), one of the Helomyzide originally described from Alaska; and three new species of Ichneumonide. SELDOVIA, KENAI PENINSULA July 21.—On July 21 a small party, including the entomol- ogist, was landed at this settlement with the expectation that an opportunity would be afforded to explore the neighborhood for several days, but circumstances arose rendering it necessary to embark on the steamer the following day. It is a matter for regret that a more adequate opportunity was not offered for making collections at this locality, which promised to yield as rich a series of insects as any visited by the Expedition. The Kenai Peninsula is very rugged and in part heavily tim- bered, but the variety of flowering plants in bloom was surpris- ing. Within a radius of one hundred yards from our camp the writer collected over thirty species of plants in various stages of bloom, including /pclobium spicatum, Feosa sp., Heracleum lanatum, Comarum palustre, Nuphar, Spirea, Pedicularis, Achillea millifolium, Ligusticum, Pyrola, Vicia, Lathyrus, Amelanchier, Galium, Potentilla, Aquilegia, Sangutsorba, and Oxytropis. The collection of insects comprised 115 species, but the ma- jority of these had already been seen at other points, either to the southward, at Yakutat and Sitka, or to the westward, at Kukak, Popof Island, and Kadiak. The principal novelties occurred in the Diptera, including 77fula macrolabis Loew, originally described from Hudson Bay; Chzlosta pulchripes Loew, a European Syrphid new to the American fauna and obtained also at Kukak; Chzlosta trist?s Loew; Leucozona leucorum (L.), also taken at Popof Island; Hmp7s brachysoma sp. nov. Coq.; Seps7s flavimana Meigen, a European species not pre- viously reported from America; Scatel/a setosa sp. nov. Cog. ; and Agromyza lacterpennis Fallen, another addition of Euro- pean insects to American lists. The collection of Coleoptera comprised twenty-two species, INTRODUCTION 23 including several interesting beetles, such as the beautiful Pachyta liturata Kirby and Anaspis rufa Say, both of which were taken at the flowers of Lzgusticum scoticum. Of Hymenoptera, as usual, the most conspicuous representa- tives were the bumble-bees, of which no less than five species were taken from the flowers of /pzJobsum spicatum, including Bombus coupert Cr., B. oregonensis Cr., B. polaris Curtis, B. sylvicola Kby., and Psthyrus tnsularis (Smith). None of the other families of bees were represented, so far as discovered, but of the Sphegoidea two examples came to hand, Ectemnzus parvulus (Pack.) and Blepharipus ater (Cr.), both of which oc- cur upon the flowers of Achzllea. The only saw-flies collected belong to the genus 7enthredo, of which seven species were taken— 7. ferruginezpes Cr., T. varipicta Nort., 7. evansid Ugtn., 7. favomarginis Nort., T. nigricollis Kirby, Z. erythromera Prov., and 7. melanosoma Hgtn. The Kenai Peninsula would seem to be almost the western limit of some of these species of Texthredo, since very few were found at Kukak, to the westward. Of parasitic Hymenoptera, the collection includes only nine species, of which Mr. Ashmead has described eight as new. Two butterflies and two moths compose the list of Lepidoptera. One of the butterflies was the common /Pverzs, the other was Chrysophanus dorcas Kirby and occurred in great numbers at the flowers of Comarum palustre. The series of Hemiptera taken at Seldovia was unexpectedly large. Of Heteroptera six species were collected — Megalocera rupicornis Fallen, Alecomma gilvipes Stal, Lygus pratensis L., Nystus grénlandicus Zett., Vabis flavomarginis sibericus Reuter, and Aradus sp. Of Homoptera, four species were taken in the sweep net— Deltocephalus harrimant sp. nov. Ashmead, Cicadula sexnotata (Fallen), Cicadula fascitfrons (Stal), and Psylla alaskensis sp. nov. Ashmead. Dragon-flies were quite common along the margin of a small lake near camp, but seemed to be all of the single species Enallagma calverté Morse. Very little attention was paid to the collection of spiders, on account of lack of time, but the group seemed to be well rep- 24 ALASKA INSECTS resented. Eight species were reported by Mr. Banks in the material brought from this point. ‘To the writer the most inter- esting Arachnid collected on the Expedition was secured here. This was a pseudoscorpion found living in great numbers beneath stones covered by flood tide. These curious creatures seemed to be perfectly at home in this unusual habitat, and in many cases the lower surfaces of the stones were covered with silken bags full of their eggs or young. KUKAK BAY June 30—July 5. — Kukak Bay is a small indentation in the coast line of the mainland of the Alaska Peninsula north of Kadiak Island. Late in the night of June 30 the steamer bearing the Harriman Alaska Expedition entered this bay and put off an exploring party of which the writer was a member. Since the waters in this region are dangerous for navigation, the ship could not approach very near the coast, so the landing was effected in one of the metallic life-boats of the vessel. For some time it was found difficult to land, owing to the partial darkness and the rocky character of the shore, which bristled with jagged volcanic fragments, but at break of day a suitable spot was observed whereon a landing was accomplished, and the party disembarked. On clambering up the shore the writer was astonished at the beauty of the region. The coniferous forest which had up to this time formed such a conspicuous feature of the landscape was entirely absent, the only trees in sight being a few groups of cottonwoods, while upon the hills in the background clumps of dwarf alders (Alnus sinuata) stood out as dark green patches. We were evidently in the transition between the forested area of Alaska and the great treeless region which stretches westward over the Aleutian Islands. It was subsequently discovered by our party that groups of spruce trees occur at some distance in the interior. No settlement exists at Kukak, the only evidence of human habitation being an abandoned log cabin, in which we took up our quarters. As soon as some refreshment was had, the party separated, in order to explore this interesting region. From an entomological standpoint it represented a new environment, INTRODUCTION 25 compared with the regions to the eastward, and the collection of the insect fauna was undertaken with the greatest enthusiasm. While trees were absent, the vegetation was extremely varied. The area about camp was a veritable garden of brilliant blos- soms, suggesting subtropical luxuriance, rather than the subarctic zone. Most beautiful of all were the orchids ( Orchis aristata and Cypripedium gutiatum), which grew everywhere in the greatest profusion. The purple flowers of Geranium erzanthum and Polemontum ceruleum were in evidence on all sides, while in spots the air was rendered odorous by extensive patches of Viola langsdorfii. Among the other plants were Lupinus nootkatensis, Mimulus langsdorfi, Fritillaria kamtschatensts, flabenaria dilatata, Campanula langsdorfiana, Pedicularts capitata, Heuchera glabra, Galium boreale, and Heracleum Janatum. ‘The latter exercises a most profound attraction for insects of many kinds. As a rule the umbels were found crowded with Diptera of numerous species, saw-flies (Zen- thredo), beetles (Leptalia), parasitic Hymenoptera and moths. The most marked feature of the insect fauna was not so much the number of species — of which 175 were secured — but rather the vast number of individuals. The writer has never witnessed a more active scene of insect life. Surprising as it may seem, especially in comparison with pre- vious localities, the Lepidoptera formed the most conspicuous feature of the insect fauna. The air was vibrant with the flut- tering wings of butterflies, of which seven species were quickly captured, including Parnassius smintheus D. & H., Brenthts myrina Cram., Cenonympha kodiak Edw., Eurymus paleno L., Prerts napt hulda Edw., Pierts napi acadica Edw., and Pamphila palemon Pall. The most abundant of all was Bren- this myrina, which hovered about in thousands, the blossoms of Geranium attracting them in large numbers. Cenonympha was also very common, while Parnassius was abundant only on the hill tops. Pamphzla was quite rare. Moths also were common. Noctuidz of five species were found upon the umbels of Heracleum Janatum, including Hladena tenera sp. nov. Smith, and Anarta etacta sp. nov. Smith. Of Geometride five species were taken, Rheumaptera 26 ALASKA INSECTS lugubris Staud. being the most abundant. Several specimens of this moth were captured with the pollinia of //abenarza cling- ing to their heads. The remaining moths were three Pyralide, ~ two Tortricide, and a representative of the Sesiida, Sesza culicc- formis L. The collection of Hymenoptera contained an interesting series. There were three species of bumble-bees — Bomdbus frigtdus Smith, B. sztkensis Nyl., and B. juxtus Cr. The Vespoidea were better represented than at any other locality visited by the Expedition, examples of three families being taken, as follows —Pompilide: Arachnophila septentrional’s sp. nov. Kincaid (at umbels of /leracleum); Vespide : Vespa marginata Kirby ; Eumenide : Odynerus albophaleratus Sauss. (also at flowers of fferacleum). The Sphecoidea were represented by a Crabronid, Thyreopus vicinus (Cr.), taken at the same blossoms. The Tenthredinoidea included seventeen species, of which two-thirds were new. ‘The list comprises representatives of the genera Fenusa; Paraselandria; Pachynematus (two species) ; Pristiphora (three species); Pontania (two species); Dolerus ; Limphytus; Trichiosoma (T. triangulum) ; and Tenthredo (five species — 7. ferrugineipes Cr., T. vardpicta Nort., 7. nigri- collis Kirby, T. erythromera Prov., and 7. dissimulans sp. nov. Kincaid). The list of parasitic Hymenoptera as determined by Mr. Ashmead comprises 21 species, of which 15 were new, includ- ing a new genus (/farrimantzella). Of Diptera 68 species were captured. As usual the Empide and Syrphide were well represented, the former by 9, the latter by 14 species. In these families the more interesting captures were Lmpzis poplitea sp. nov. Coq., Hilara aurata sp. nov. Coq., Hilara quadrivittata Meigen (a European species not previously recorded from America), Ch7losia pulchripes Loew, Platychirus tenebrosus sp. nov. Coq., Syrphus torvus O. S., Syrphus geniculata Macq., and Volucella facralis Will. Perhaps the most striking feature in the Diptera collected at this point was the surprising number of Dolichopodide, nine species in all, including two not found at any of the other stations — Dolichopus lobatus Loew and Porphyrops consobrinus INTRODUCTION 24 Zett., the latter a species new to American lists. Other interest- ing Diptera were Chrysops nigripes Zett., Tabanus septen- trionalts Loew, Thereva melanoneura Loew, the only represent- ative of this family in the entire collection, and Scatophaga Srigida sp. nov. Coq. Coleoptera were quite rare, except Leptalia macilenta Mann., which occurred in vast numbers on the umbels of Heracleun. Two weevils were collected which proved to be new to the Alaska fauna— Orchestes rufipes Lec. and Sztones tibcalis Hbst. Odonata were common about the ponds. Three species were taken — Enallagma calverti Morse, Cordulia shurtlefi Scudder, and Leucorhinia hudsonica (Selys.). At Kukak Bay was captured the only grasshopper or mem- ber of the Orthoptera observed on the Expedition. Numerous individuals in various stages of growth were found along the borders of a marshy pool. Mr. Caudell has determined the species as Melanoplus borealis Fieber. It was already recorded from Alaska. KADIAK July 20.—A brief stop at the village of Kadiak, on Kadiak Island, on the return voyage, July 20,* enabled the writer to make a hasty collection, from which it is evident that this great island supports an extensive insect fauna. The presence of scattered bits of forest must add greatly to the possibilities for the development of insect life, giving the region an advantage over the treeless country to the westward ; while the absence of continuous forests relieves the insect fauna from the limitations impos d by vast tracts of shade-producing conifers. The list of insects from Kadiak comprises 125 species which, almost without exception, had already been procured at other stations. Among the Diptera the only unfamiliar types were a Tipulid, Pedicza obtusata O.S.,an Empid, J@icrophorus atratus sp. nov. Cog., anda Syrphid, Helophilus lunulatus Meigen. None of the Coleoptera call for special mention. Butterflies were abundant, but of the same species as had been collected at Kukak Bay, with the exception of Gers semidea nigra 1During the main stop at Kadiak, July 1-5, Mr. Kincaid was with the Alaska Peninsula party at Kukak Bay.—£d. 28 ALASKA INSECTS Edw., which was new to the collection. Of the moths the most conspicuous were the two Arctiide, Platarctia parthenos Harr. and Wemeophila plantaginis L. A species of Plusza taken here has been described by Dr. Ottolengui as P. epsz/on sp. nov., while a Sesiid in the collection, of which a solitary specimen was taken at this station, was described as new by Mr. Beutenmiiller under the name Sesza arctica sp. nov. The Apoidea included four species of Bombus (B. modera- tus Cr., B. oregonensis Cr., B. polaris Curtis, B. pleuralis Nyl.) and a new form of Psithyrus (P. kadiakensis sp. nov. Ashmead). The saw-flies comprised Dolerus sericeus, three species of Tenthredo (T. ferrugineipes Cr., T. varipes Nort., and Z; evansit Ugtn.), Tréchiosoma triangulum aleutiana Cr., and Czm- bex americana Leach. A colony of ants (Formica neorufibarbis Em.) was found here in searching for beetles under a decayed cottonwood log. Odonata were observed in great numbers about a small lake at the rear of the village. Four species were taken, which have been determined by Mr. Currie as Enallagma calverti Morse, “Eschna juncea (L.), schna constricta (Say), and Soma- tochlora albicincta (Burm.). Spiders were very abundant, more species being collected here in an hour than were secured at Popof Island in ten days. It was rather surprising to note also, that of the fifteen species captured at Kadiak only four occur in the list from Popof, as determined by Mr. Banks. The series includes the two Pha- langids Sclerobunus brunneus Banks and Liobunum ewxzlipes (Wood), the former described from Washington, the latter from California. POPOF ISLAND, SHUMAGIN ISLANDS july 7-18.—The most extensive and satisfactory collection of insects secured by the Expedition was made on Popof Island, one of the Shumagin group. This group lies midway between Kadiak Island and Unalaska, and is separated by a narrow strait from the mainland of the Alaska Peninsula. Several islands go to form the group, the principal ones being Unga, Nagai, and Popof. On the morning of July 7 a small party was landed at Sand Point, a fishing station on Popof Island, INTRODUCTION 29 and immediately commenced an investigation of the insular fauna. Popof Island is about ten miles long by five wide, and geo- logically speaking is of purely volcanic origin. It is treeless, and the largest forms of vegetation are dwarf alder bushes and a variety of willows. The central part is very little above sea level, but from this the land slopes up in all directions, termi- nating in most cases in promontories and cliffs overlooking the ocean. The form of the island thus suggests a great shallow bowl. On the southern side a large hill rises to an elevation of about 1,200 feet, while the northern side is very rugged, the principal feature being a long semicircular range of hills rising in the middle to an altitude of over 1,700 feet. The drainage of the basin-like area in the interior is carried to the sea by a small stream which tumbles into the ocean in a series of spark- ling cascades. ‘The interior also contains several small lakes occupying depressions in the tundra. The investigation of the insect fauna of this charming isle was a never-to-be-forgotten experience. The limited area, and the ease with which it could be traversed, together with the favorable weather that by good fortune was vouchsafed us, and the length of the stay (ten days) made it possible to assemble a reasonably representative collection of the insects present at that season of the year. The time of our visit happened to coincide with the height of the flowering season. A memorandum of the flowering plants collected, necessarily very incomplete, makes a list of over one hundred species. On the slopes near the sea shore the princi- pal elements in this varied flora were the omnipresent /leracleum lanatum, Celopleurum gmelint, Geranium ervanthum, Castilleja pallida, Achillea millefolium, Lathyrus maritimus, [ris setosa, Szeversia calthtfolia, Cypripedium guttatum, Orchis aristata, Aconitum delphinifolium, and Polemontum ceruleum. In the marshy places and on the tundra were another series, such as Mimulus langsdorfit, Empetrum nigrum, Pinguicula vulgaris, Betula sp., Petasites frigida, Arctostaphylos sp., Valeriana capitata, Drosera vulgaris, Comarum palustre, Swertia per- ennts, Habenarta obtusata, Habenaria bracteata, and Parnas- 30 ALASKA INSECTS sta palustris. On the slopes of the hill sides grew Campanula lasiocarpa, Pedicularts verticillata, Circea alpina, Anemone narcissifiora, Steversia rossit, Lthododendron kamtschaticum, Salix spp., and Alnus s¢nuata, with occasional stunted bushes of Sambucus. The hill tops, at an elevation of 1,000 feet and over, were the homes of beautiful alpine plants, delicate saxi- frages, the curious Chrysosplenium beringianum, the dwarf dandelion, tiny Cruciferze, and the beautiful alpine poppy. The number of species of insects collected during the ten days of our stay on Popof Island was 282. It seems worth while to consider these somewhat in detail, as studies of insular faunas are always interesting from the point of view of geo- graphic distribution. Of the entire series 90 species have been described as new. Of these, 70 were found on Popof Island only, so that so far as the record goes their distribution is limited to this station. Of the 282 species, 22 were collected at Sitka, 54 at Kukak, and 31 at Kadiak, while 11 were European species not previously known to exist on the American continent. The number new to the fauna of Alaska must represent a very large percentage of the total. As usual the Diptera formed the principal element in the insect fauna, comprising over 100 species. Of these, 30 were obtained solely on Popof Island, 40 on Popof and also at Kukak Bay, and 18 on Popof and also at Sitka. ‘Ten species were European forms new to America. Among the novelties in this group may be mentioned the following — Mycetophilide : NVeoempheria kincatd? sp. nov. Cog.; Chironomide: Cera/o- pogon arcticus sp. nov. Cog.; Ceratopogon femoratus Fabr., a European species new to America; Empide : Hmpis nfumata sp. nov. Coq., Hmpis laniventris Eschs. (notable on account of the enormous numbers in which it occurred at the flowers of Geranium erianthum), Rhamphomyia villipes sp. nov. Coq., Platypalpus diversipes sp. nov. Coq., Platypalpus gilvipes sp. nov. Coq.; Dolichopodide: Dolrchopus barycnemis sp. nov. Coq., Dolichopus festinans Zett. (new to American lists), Do/:- chopus plumipes Fall. (also new to America); Syrphide : Platy- chirus albimanus (Fabr.), an addition to American lists; An- thomyide: Lastops calvicrura sp. nov. Coqg., Hylemyia spini- INTRODUCTION 31 ventris sp. nov. Coq., Hylephila silvestris (Fallen), new to the American fauna; Sarcophagide: Pogonota kincatd? sp. nov. A single specimen of Arctophila flagrans O. S. captured upon the bank of the creek, attracted attention on account of the surprising resemblance it bore to one of the common bum- ble-bees (Lombus sylvicola Kirby) found on the same island. This was interpreted as an example of mimetic resemblance. On the top of an exposed and barren hill top several speci- mens were secured of a peculiar brachypterous Tipulid ( 77pu/a sepientrionalis Loew). ‘These creatures presented a strange sight as they ran about among the scanty herbage after the fashion of Phalangids. ‘The situations in which they live are exposed to heavy winds, and it seems probable that their short wings are an adaptation to an unfavorable environment, since winged forms would be more liable to be blown away from the land and lost at sea. The coleopterous fauna was so meager that in the beginning it seemed as if the order was on the verge of extinction upon the island, but by painstaking search a series of thirty-three species was assembled. Strange to say, however, it was found that fifteen of these species were represented in the collection by single specimens, and of the remainder six were represented by two specimens each. The only beetle at all common was the Cerambycid Leptalia maczlenta, which occurred in multi- tudes upon the umbels of Hleracleum. The reason for this dearth of individuals in the Coleoptera was not obvious, and the only explanation offered is that certain of the rodents which swarm in the tundra use the beetles for food and thus destroy the Coleoptera that ordinarily make their homes upon the ground. For example, the family Carabide is represented in the collection by unique specimens of Bemb¢dium tncertum Mots., Bembsdium mutatum G. & H., Trechus chalybeus Mann., Pterostichus luczott Dej., Amara hyperborea Dej., and Cala- thus ingratus De}. Three beetles new to the fauna of Alaska appear in the Popof Island collections — Mycetoporus lepidus Erich., Bem- bidium mutatum G. & H., and Pehantus bistriatus Bergst. Helo- phorus aurtcoll’s was previously known only from Unalaska. 32 ALASKA INSECTS Chrysomela subsulcata Mann. was recorded from the Pribilof Islands and not elsewhere; a single specimen was found feed- ing on a dwarf willow bush high up among the hills. The only butterflies observed during our stay were Peres napt hulda Edw. and Brenthis frigga saga Staud. The latter, of which five specimens were captured, makes its home in the tundra. In habits it is very shy, since it will not fly till almost stepped upon, and then it flutters for a short distance close to the ground, quickly hiding itself in the thick moss. This butter- fly is no doubt in constant danger of being blown away from its island home, and its cautious habits are the result of natural selection, which has operated to eliminate the more adventurous individuals. The list of Popof moths comprises eighteen species, including an Arctian, Platarciia parthenos Harr. ; six Noctuide: /Voctua c-nigrum L.., Hadena ducta Gr., Pachnobia alaske Thunb., Ommatostola popofensis sp. nov. Smith, and Anarte lanugtnosa sp. nov. Smith; six Geometridae: J/esoleuca variata Schitt., Petrophora montanata Borkh., Petrophora nemorella Hulst, Tephroclystis perfusca Hulst, Tephroclystis miserula Grt., and Rheumaptera hastata L.; two Pyralide: Scoparia centuriella Schiff. and Crambus interminellus Walk.; one Pterophoride : Platyptilia petrodactyla Walk.; two Tortricidae: Sccaphela moeschleriana Wocke. and Sericorts bipartitana Clem. The Noctuids, almost without exception, were taken upon the umbels of Heracleum. The list of Hymenoptera does not include any representatives of the Sphegoidea. The Apoidea includes only members of the genus Bombus, of which five species were secured— BP. coupert Cr., B. oregonensis Cr., B. pleuralis Nyl., B. sylvicola Kby., and B. mixtuosus sp.nov. Ashmead. Bumble-bees were observed to play an important role in the fertilization of many flowering plants. They were noted in the act of visiting the blossoms of Geranium erianthum, Lupinus nootkatensis, Polemonum cer- uleum, Mimulus langsdorfit, Pedicularis langsdorfit, Castzl- leja pallida, and Heracleum lanatum. The number of saw-flies was exceptionally large, comprising Ig species, the gall-producing forms predominating. The list INTRODUCTION 33 includes the following: Pachynematus affinis Marlatt, Pachy- nematus gotarus sp. nov., Luura insularis sp. nov., Pontanta 5 spp. nov., Preronus shumagensis sp. nov., Dolerus elderi sp. nov., Pachyprotasis nigrofasciatus Esch., Tenthredo ferrugine- ipes Cr., T. varipicta Nort., 7. mellina Nort., 7. harrimani sp. nov., Z. déssémulans sp. nov., T. bévittata sp. nov., Trichio- soma triangulum Kby., ard Allantus heraclet sp. nov. The species of Zenthredo were of special interest. At all previous stations the members of this genus had been of species known to be of widespread distribution on the Pacific Coast and else- where. At Popof Island all but three of these familiar forms were lacking and their places were occupied by species hitherto unknown to science. Of the new forms the most striking was Tenthredo dissimulans, which is of a peculiar greenish color, and makes its home upon the umbels of Heracleum. Here it lies in wait for unwary visitors, especially Diptera, and being colored in harmony with the greenish flower stalks among which it lives, gives no warning to its victims. All of the Tenthredos were found on the flowers of leracleum, and the same was true of Allantus heraclet. Of parasitic Hymenoptera Mr. Ashmead has determined 55 species from Popof Island, of which only five had been pre- viously described. One genus (//yfocryptus) was new to the American fauna, and the same is true of the species /schneutes reunttor Nees, a European type of the Braconide. The Heteroptera of the island included two Capsids and three species of Corzsa. 'The Homoptera were better represented by nine species, of which five were leaf-hoppers; one (/Vectar- ophora epilobi? sp. nov.) belonged to the Aphid and two to the Psyllidz. The series of Neuropteroids was unexpectedly large, com- prising fourteen species. The list includes two members of the Perlidze, three Ephemeridz, and nine Trichoptera. Several large dragon-flies were observed, but they escaped capture. They were evidently of the same species (schna juncea L.) as an individual captured on the neighboring island of Unga by Professor Ritter. The arachnid fauna was not very extensive, including but 34 ALASKA INSECTS fourteen species, most of them well known. Only two were new, according to Mr. Banks— Cornicularia varipes and Mitopus dorsalis. ‘The last mentioned, which is a Phalangid, was found beneath stones at an elevation of 1,700 feet. Only one species of the Myriapoda was seen. Dr. Cook has determined it as Zomotenza chionophila (Wood). UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, January 15, 1903. ARACHNIDA OF THE EX- PEDITILON (35) The following paper on the Arachnida of the Expedition, by Nathan Banks, Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Acad- emy of Sciences, vol. 11, pp. 477-486, Dec. 20, 1900. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [478]; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. In the plate the original number and running headline, slightly abbrevi- ated, have been preserved [in brackets], while the volume designation and serial plate number have been added in the usual place. The original text references to the plate are unchanged. The present head- piece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy’s Proceedings and the original title, which was: Papers Jrom the Harriman Alaska Expedition. x1. Entomological Re- sults (5): Arachnida. No other alterations have been made. EpITor. (36) ARACHNIDA OF THE EXPEDITION BY NATHAN BANKS Tue spiders collected on the Harriman Expedition show con- siderable affinity to those of the State of Washington, but there are some, principally among the small Theridiide, that are peculiar to Alaska. Dr. Marx, in the Proceedings of the En- tomological Society of Washington (Vol. II, p. 186), gave a list of Arctic spiders, including those known to him from Alaska, in which there were 62 species, many of them undescribed. In the list of 52 species given below are at least six not known to Marx. There are no remarkable forms in the collection. Of the five harvest-spiders collected, three are known from Cali- fornia and Washington, one recently described from the Com- mander Islands, and one which appears to be new. The one Pseudoscorpion is common in the coast regions of Oregon and Washington. Of the two mites, one is peculiar on account of its slenderness and armed hind legs. Besides the 52 species recorded in the list, there are a few specimens of small Theridiide which can not be treated with- out more material, including the male sex. [477] (37) 38 BANKS [478] ARANEIDA. Family DRASSIDE. Prosthesima niger Banks. Prosthesima niger BANKS, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., p. 62, 1896. Two specimens, one from Muir Glacier (June), and one from Met- lakahtla. Known from State of Washington. Family CLUBIONID. Clubiona pacifica Banks. Clubiona pacifica BANKS, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., p. 65, 1896. Two specimens, one adult from Juneau, and one young from Kukak Bay. Previously known from Washington. Family AGALENID. Agalena pacifica Banks. Agalena pacifica BANKS, Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc., p. 89, 1896. Agalena curta McCoox, Amer. Spiders, 111, pl. XxIx, figs. 2, 3. A few specimens from Kadiak (July). Known from California and Washington. Cybzus reticulatus Simon. Cybaus reticulatus Simon, C. R. Soc. Entom. Belg., p. Lv1, 1886. Many specimens from Sitka, Yakutat Bay, Kadiak, Popof Island, and Metlakahtla. Previously known from Oregon and Washington. Cybzus pusillus Simon. Cybaus pusillus Stmon, C. R. Soc. Entom. Belg., p. Lv, 1886. Two specimens from Berg Bay (June). Known from Washington. Family THERIDIIDZA. Theridium sexpunctatum Emerton. Theridium sexpunctatum EMERTON, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, p. 12, 1882. Theridium marxt KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., II, p. 231, 1886. Several specimens from Sitka, Yakutat Bay, Berg Bay, and Kadiak (June and July). Known from New York, New Hampshire, and Washington. Ceratinella sp. Plate XXIX, fie. 5. Cephalothorax, sternum and mandibles reddish; abdomen black ; legs pale reddish except the patella, which are pale yellowish; no ab- dominal plate except a small piece at base of the spinnerets; P.M.E. [479] ARACHNIDA 39 once and one-half their diameter apart, twice their diameter from the equal P.S.E. One female from Yakutat: probably new, but better not named in absence of the male. Cornicularia recurvata sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. 9. Cephalothorax red-brown, mandibles yellow-brown, sternum and abdomen black, legs pale yellowish. Head of male high, with a re- curved horn in front, tipped with stiff, back-directed hairs; sternum broad, convex, blunt-pointed between the hind coxe ; legs slender, an- terior tarsus nearly as long as the metatarsus, which is much shorter than the tibia; male palpus simple, tibia short, with a short, pointed process on outer tip, hook stout and short, bulb very large, terminating in a short process; no long stylet. Length 1.7 mm. One male from the Muir Glacier; readily known by the large, re- curved horn. Type.—Cat. no. 5268, U. S. National Museum. Cornicularia varipes sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. 4. Cephalothorax reddish, shining, margined with black; head black- ish, with median and lateral black lines; mandibles red-brown; ster- num reddish, scarcely rugulose, maxilla brown; abdomen black ; legs with femora and tibiz reddish, the former at tip and the latter at base yellowish; metatarsi yellowish; tarsi brown; P.M.E. about their diameter apart and about the same distance from the equal P.S. E.; A.M.E. smaller, hardly their diameter apart, about their diam- eter from the larger A.S.E.; between the M.E. is a faint trace of a swelling, quadrangle of M.E., much higher than broad behind; abdo- men about twice as long as wide, with short hairs. Length 2.6 mm. One female from Popof Island. The colors of the legs will serve to separate it from the other species of the genus until the male is known. Type.—Cat. no. 5269, U. S. National Museum Cornicularia sp. One female, similar to C. communis Emer., but different by shape of epigynum. Yakutat (June). Lophocarenum sp. One female from Muir Glacier. Gonglydium alascensis sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. 3. Cephalothorax, legs and mandibles pale yellowish; eyes on black 40 BANKS [480] spots; sternum and abdomen black, spinnerets pale. Posterior eye-row slightly procurved; P.M.E. their diameter apart, about as far from the equal P.S.E., which touch the A.S.E.; A.M.E. smaller, scarcely their diameter apart, and a little further from the larger A.S.E. Legs slender, tibia with two spines above, one near base, one near tip, one spine on patella; mandibles vertical, scarcely divergent, without teeth in front; abdomen one and two-thirds as long as broad; head of male not elevated; the epigynum, which is rather prominent from side view, shows a broad median septum with an oval cavity each side. Length 2.1 mm. Three specimens from Berg Bay. Type.—Cat. no. 5270, U. S. National Museum. Gonglydium sp. Two females of a pale species from the Muir Glacier; they may be- long to some species of which the male only is known. The epigynum is an elliptical area with a nearly square cavity in posterior part; on middle of hind margin is a denticle projecting forward. Gonglydium falsificum (Keys.). Erigone falsificum KEYSERLING, Die Spinn, Amer. Therid., 0, p. 259, 1886. One female from the Muir Glacier agrees well with the description and figure of Keyserling. The male is unknown. Described from Alaska. Erigone coloradensis Keys. Evigone coloradensts KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 168, 1886, A few specimens from Kadiak and Yakutat (June). Known from Colorado and Washington. Erigone simillima Keys. Erigone simillima KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 170, 1886. Several from Popof Island, and Saldovia, Cook Inlet. Close to the preceding and probably but an extreme form of it. Described from Alaska. Erigone famelica Keys. Plate XXIX, figs. 7,6. Evigone famelica KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 186, 1886. A pair from Kadiak (July), and one from the Muir Glacier. The figure gives a different view of the palpus from that of Keyserling. Described from Alaska. Pedanostethus riparius Keys. Pedanostethus riparius KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 1, p. 265, 1886. [48r] ARACHNIDA 41 Several females from Berg Bay, Yakutat, the Muir Glacier, and Orca (June). Known from Washington and Lake Superior. Linyphia pusilla Keys. Linyphia pusilla KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 55, 1886. Many specimens from Sitka, Yakutat Bay, Kakiak and Metlakahtla. Europe and northern United States. Linyphia phrygiana Keys. Linyphia phrygiana KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 60, 1886. One from Sitka (June). Europe and northern United States. Linyphia reducta Keys. Linyphia reducta KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 1, p. 73, 1886. Two young females from Cook Inlet. Described from Washington. Linyphia sitkensis Keys. Linyphia sitkensis KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 86, 1886. One female from Yakutat. Described from Alaska. Labulla altioculata Keys. Labulla altioculata KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 94, 1886. One young specimen from Juneau. Described from Washington. Lepthyphantes alascensis sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. 6. Cephalothorax, legs and mandibles pale yellowish; eyes on black spots; sternum blackish; abdomen black, a broad pale stripe on each upper side, spinnerets pale. Posterior eye-row slightly recurved, P.M.E. less than their diameter apart, scarcely farther from the nearly equal P.S.E., A.M.E. smaller, less than their diameter apart, much farther from the larger A.S.E., quadrangle of M.E. much higher than broad behind, S.E. touching. Mandibles long, vertical, plainly diver- gent, with three large teeth on front lower margin. Leg I longest, tibia I longer than metatarsus I, two spines above on all tibiz, one near base, one near tip; one spine on patella above. Abdomen rather high, one-fourth longer than broad; the epigynum extremely prominent, the finger projecting away from abdomen. Length 2.8 mm. Several specimens from Yakutat. Type.—Cat. no. 5271, U. S. National Museum. Bathyphantes arctica Keys. Bathyphantes arctica KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 85, 1886. A few specimens from Sitka, Berg Bay, and Kadiak (July). De- scribed from Alaska; also known from Washington. 42 BANKS [482] Bathyphantes sp. One female of a pale species, with short legs, from Yakutat (June). Family DICTYNIDZ. Amaurobius pictus Simon. Amaurobius pictus SIMON, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, p. 3 (sep.), 1884. Two specimens from Cook Inlet and Fox Point (July). Known from California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Family EPEIRIDZ. Epeira trifolium Hentz. Efpetra trifolium HENTZ, Spid. U. S., p. 110, 1875. Several specimens from Cook Inlet and Kadiak, June, July. Spread throughout the United States. Epeira patagiata Emerton. Lpeira patagiata EMERTON, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, p. 305, 1884. Many specimens from Kadiak (June, July), Juneau, Kukak Bay (June), and Popof Island. Europe and northern United States. Epeira displicata Hentz. LEpeira displicata HENTZ, Spid. U. S., p. 117, 1875. A few specimens from Juneau and Kadiak (July). Entire United States. Tetragnatha extensa Emerton. Tetragnatha extensa EMERTON, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, p. 333, 1884. Many specimens from Kadiak (July), Fox Point (July), Sitka, and Metlakahtla (June). Europe and northern United States. Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz. Tetragnatha laboriosa HENTZ, Spid. U. S., p. 131, 1875. Many specimens from Kukak Bay, Kadiak (July), Yakutat (June), Popof Island, Metlakahtla (June), and Sitka. All over the United States. Zilla californica Banks. Zilla californica BANKS, Jour. N. Y. Entom. Soc., p. go, 1896. One male from Sitka (June). Known from California and Wash- ington. [483] ARACHNIDA 43 Family THOMISIDA. Xysticus borealis Keys. AXysticus borealis KEYSERLING, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, p. 668, 1882. A few specimens from Popof Island and Kadiak (July). Described from Alaska. Misumena vatia Keys. Afisumena vatia KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Later., p. 101, 1880. One pair from Metlakahtla (June). Europe and the United States. Tibellus oblongus Keys. Tibellus oblongus KEYSERLING, Die Spinn. Amer. Later., p. 196, 1880. A few specimens from Cook Inlet and Kukak Bay (June). Europe and the northern United States. Family LYCOSIDZA. Lycosa albohastata Emerton. Lycosa albohastata EMERTON, Trans. Conn. Acad., Ix, p. 423, 1894. Two specimens from Popof Island. Known from British Columbia. Lycosa pratensis Emerton. Lycosa pratensis EMERTON, Trans. Conn. Acad., vI, p. 483, 1885. Several specimens from Cook Inlet and Orca (June). Known from the northern United States. Lycosa quinaria Emerton. Lycosa quinaria EMERTON, Trans. Conn. Acad., Ix, p. 422, 1894. One female from Popof Island appears to belong here. Described from British Columbia. Lycosa sp. One female from Kadiak (July) appears to be near Z. deanz Em., but does not agree very well. Pardosa grenlandica Thorell. Pardosa grenlandica THORELL, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., p. 498, 1875.— EMERTON, Trans. Conn. Acad., IX, p. 423, 1894. Several specimens from the Muir Glacier (June). Known from boreal America. Pardosa glacialis Thorell. Pardosa glacialis THORELL, Ofv. K. Vetensk., Akad. Forh., p. 159, 1872.— EMERTON, Trans. Conn. Acad., Ix, p. 424, 1894. A few specimens from Popof Island. Known from boreal America. 44 BANKS [484] Pardosa uncata Thorell. Pardosa uncata THORELL, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., 111, no. 2, p. 508, 1877.—EMERTON, Trans. Conn, Acad., Ix, p. 425, 1894. Two specimens from Juneau and Metlakahtla. Known from New Hampshire, Colorado, and British Columbia. Pirata sp. One female of a large species from Berg Bay. It is probably new. PHALANGIDA. Sclerobunus brunneus Banks. Sclerobunus brunneus BANKS, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., p. 152, 1893. Several specimens from Yakutat Bay, Juneau, Cook Inlet, Orca (June), and Kadiak (July). Known from Washington. Phlegmacera occidentalis Banks. Phlegmacera occidentalis BANKS, Psyche, p. 51, March, 1894. Several specimens, all very young, from Sitka (June), Berg Bay, Yakutat (June), and Popof Island. Known from Oregon and Wash- ington. Leptobunus borealis Banks. Leptobunus borealis BANKS, Arachn. Commander Isl., p. 350, 1899. One specimen from Popof Island. Described from the Commander Islands. Liobunum exilipes (Wood). Phalangium exilipes Woop, Comm. Essex Inst., v1, p. 23, 1868. Two specimens from Yakutat (June), Kadiak (July). Known from California, Nevada and Washington. Mitopus dorsalis sp. nov. Plate: XXX fig. 2: Gray: a darker median vase-mark, not reaching end of abdomen; through this there is a pale median line from the eye-tubercle backward ; cephalothorax and sides of abdomen more or less mottled with pale, dark gray, and black; venter pale, dotted with gray; legs pale, indis- tinctly marked with brown at ends of joints, the tarsus on apical half blackish; palpi lineate with brown. Eye-tubercle near posterior mar- gin of cephalothorax, quite high, with two rows of small teeth above; on middle of front margin of cephalothorax is a group of small teeth; rest of cephalothorax and dorsum of abdomen with many scattered denticles, those on the latter mostly in transverse rows; legs with many black denticles arranged in rows, no false articulations in meta- [485] ARACHNIDA 45 tarsus I, nor in tibia II; palpi with rows of denticles, the patella and tibia on inner side swollen and there thickly clothed with short, erect spine-like hairs, claw not toothed; no supra-mandibular spine. Length 5 mm., femur II, 4 mm. Two from Popof Island (one not adult and not fully marked from the mountain top). Ty pe.—Cat. no. 5272, U. S. National Museum. PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA. Ideobisium threveneti (Simon). Obistum threvenett SIMON, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, p. 156, 1878, Several examples from Cook Inlet, Lowe Inlet (June), Long Inlet, Popof Island, and Yakutat. Known from California, Oregon and Washington. ACARINA. Gamasus sp. Several specimens from Kadiak on a Vecrophorus, and from Sitka; none in an adult condition, and no males. Holostaspis exilis sp. nov. Plate XoXEX , fig.ir. 8. Pale yellowish, the legs still paler. Body about twice as long as broad, tapering each way, broadest before third legs, but slightly convex above, clothed with scattered long, simple hairs, more numerous at tip of body; each side at posterior third of the dorsal shield is a row of four or five round, reddish, impressed dots. Palpi slender ; leg I slender, no claw nor sucker at tip; leg II with fourth joint thickened and with a large tooth below, and a small one above, the sixth joint with a small tooth at base and a long blunt spine at tip; legs III with a spur on hind tip of second joint, and one below near middle of third joint; leg IV with the second joint swollen on an- terior face, and just before tip with a long slender process; bifid at tip. The peritreme runs directly to the stigmata which are above the third coxe. The sternal plate is very narrow behind, so that the hind coxe are not separated by half their width. Length 2 mm. 9. What appears to be the female of this species is smaller, more reddish, the abdomen broadly rounded behind, the hind coxe are more widely separated, yet much closer than third coxe, the legs are un- armed; the dorsal shield shows a slight incision near middle of each side, indicating the division of the immature forms. Length 1.5 mm. Several specimens from Yakutat, Berg Bay, Sitka, and Popof Island. Type.—Cat. no. 5273, U. S. National Museum. HIG. 1. maT ANnNAW N Ne} PLATE II. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol..Il, Pl. XXIX.] Flolostaspis exilis. & . Mitopus dorsalis. . Gonglydium alascensis. . Cornicularia varipes. @ . Ceratinella sp. . Lepthyphantes alascensts. Q Erigone famelica, palpus. . Erigone famelica, epigynum. . Cornicularia recurvata. § [486] (46) H. A. E. VOL. Vill, PLATE II [PR. WASH. A. S., Il, PL. XXIX] ALASKA ARACHNIDS 4.HOEN 6 CO. BALTIMORE ne Ma A ae f= = a MYRIAPODA OF NORTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA (47) , 1 . A fe ne) 6 PR yh ous + thy MYRIAPODA OF NORTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA BY 0. F. COOK Tue four classes of Arthropoda formerly arranged under the name Myriapoda are no longer believed to constitute a natural group, the agile, carnivorous Chilopoda with one pair of legs on each joint of the body having closer affinities with the true insects than with the slow-moving Diplopoda or thousand-legged ‘worms.’ The latter subsist on decaying vegetable matter and have two pairs of legs on most of the body segments. Related to the Diplopoda are two other classes of minute animals, the Symphyla and Pauropoda, not yet discovered in Alaska. Class DIPLOPODA. The Diplopoda are a predominately tropical group, though with numerous representatives in the temperate regions, some of which have been reported from rather high latitudes in Scandinavia and also in Siberia, but only three species have been reported from Alaska. Unlike the Insects and Molluscs, the Diplopoda attract little popular attention, and they are neither useful nor injurious to the extent of de- manding investigation for economic reasons. They have, however, a unique scientific value as probably affording a better foundation for distributional studies than any other group. Owing to their retiring habits, slow movements, lack of wings, and inability to withstand ex- (49) 50 cook posure to unfavorable conditions, they have been unable to extend them- selves in other than the most gradual manner, so that identity, or even similarity, of diplopod faunas affords practically indubitable evidence, not only of land connection, but of existence of continuously favorable conditions, both in space and intime. On this account a comparison of the Diplopoda of northwestern America with those of northeastern Asia may yield valuable evidence regarding the nature and extent of the land connection supposed by many naturalists to have existed for- merly. The Diplopoda of the Harriman Expedition are thus an initial contribution to this phase of the trans-Bering question, though their significance can not be estimated until the Siberian representatives of the group have been studied. The systematic study of the Diplopoda is a difficult and backward province of zoology; the literature is fragmentary and scattered, and the animals, though quite harmless, are generally avoided by all except the most intelligent and zealous collectors. The Diplopods of the Pacific Coast region have had little attention subsequent to the papers of Wood and Harger, published over thirty years ago, and it has ac- cordingly seemed permissible to insert here some of the preliminary results of a long-deferred examination of the considerable amount of material accumulated at Washington during the last decade. As a means of encouraging the collection of Diplopoda in the North- west, analytical keys to the higher groups and general notes likely to facilitate diagnosis have been included in the present report. The characters used for these purposes have been chosen with a view to convenience, and are not in all cases of general application to the Diplopoda of other regions. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SUBCLASSES OF DIPLOPODA. Body without external armor; the soft skin beset with toothed and barbed sbristhess:.s. ccc "° 7 rea ein oA be - ica os : or hese Wy at ar. rol Gna Os p ane ap a" Oe eae ont) A yey Panik ee 4 ie Louse et ee ate Tht aoa “as z ee ra a : ee ’ : ‘ ; eee tes. e i i mY, ae "5 " ie » at 7 Vis 7 ae a) oe sth oe | ea NEAR 9 fn cre 7” 4 ay ‘ Ce nie a ey - promt ry Cae ey Bye a0 aan eee Aik) tae Beecr Weans “oe 7 See Ray - SY sore Pate nae eer my fet, © ovo i } - 7 ae Ns a eg ae a - ape Ate as i. i ae fe re a ae fe i "oO ie - : 7 . i 1 ae Z i _ i : a = sam Pel up ae , ere tuo” (ahe homer WA Pala acartest " Ae < calf en ‘ hy ies Ny 7 aL! aes ae i , 7 Oe tee anaes Ug jetta eat galaieaart a Paine Ai icant ae a ; Aa 9 ui fy uN mt a in ih } ah, hi Tas ‘ ’ ps Pana ies , . 7 Tae Fee, i AON 2 pi 7 heb el A Lea Me Nadi wie / | ; : if . i i . ) te ; ea | : a wit rie ie os ae ies a oe. i eye Cae a int TY? ie cen eet, Teens heats ats Sry ee Bh ae yy Page tut, Ni a: hee als tae, i) ak sre) era Ree et et ae Fic. Fic. Fic. Fic. Tans b. I, 2; 2, 2; 3) 4) 4) Oss = PLATE, LV. Lsaphe convexa. Gonapods, anterior view. Gonapods, posterior view. Chonaphe armata. Gonapods, anterior view. Gonapods, posterior view. Gonapods, lateral view. flybaphe tersa. Gonapods, posterior view. flarpaphe haydeniana. Gonapods, anterior view. Gonapods, posterior view. Gonapods, lateral view. (80) Aa AP es VOLES VIIl PLATE IV Wes | Y/ YX NGS Ni); WS AG) / SS EN, OS N' BITS S\\ OY YS \\ GywS ==\\ KIX Nl} Y BO MYRIAPODS HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. x 5 - cf eae : eo a ie its eae ae ee a iy ne me it oa ne ren eu =i say, tae : co 7 . uf 7 a - aia ‘tbe teulioge ai “he 5 ye. 7 mae : - et 7 a fGen’ ‘oe , - e a OEE |e " a, a ery BI cer Paolo’ ¢ iat oa os i Uy ny) i sate mya gin ¥, Se ne Set - ny ae Oya, Rash ey ate ge a ah Sa aM isk a eer 1 oe es ee te as Dee, 7 us i 7 ii ie cone Mey er Diy Dh miei be nia ni - : eo i i : a aca is in? ais an ‘ i ~ ibay a 7 iene: 7 a) oi Lo aut . ao i so Shh at iA se ie a ues Wis: ws Lv a abet x tr 1 awe Fic. 1, a. Ti, Os Tac. 1, a. Fic. 2, a. FIG. 3, a. 35 BCs = FIG. 4, a. FIG. 5, a. Bs Race an Bes PLATE V. flypozontum anurum. First three segments, dorsal view. First segment and head, anterior view. Posterior segments, dorsal view. The last segment is concealed under the penultimate. Antenna. Flatyzonium getschmannit. First four segments and antenna, dorsal view. Drawn from type specimen in the Berlin Museum. Polyzonium rosalbum. First four segments, head and antenna, dorsal view. Last three segments, dorsal view. Antenna. Same magnification as fig. 1, d. Parajulus alaskanus. First leg of male, anterior view. First leg of male, lateral view. First leg of male, posterior view. Second leg of male, anterior view. Second leg of male, lateral view. Second leg and external ducts of male, posterior view. Third, normal, leg of male. Gonapods, anterior view. Gonapods, posterior view. Posterior gonapods, anterior view. Posterior gonapod, lateral view. Parajulus furctfer. First leg of male, anterior view. First leg of male, posterior view. Anterior gonapods, anterior view. Anterior gonapods, posterior view. Posterior gonapods and seventh segment, anterior view. (82) ius \Y H. A. E. VOL. VIII SR? es See j < > MYRIAPODS APTERYGOTA OF ALASKA (83) The following paper on the Apterygota of Alaska, by Justus Wat- son Folsom, of the University of Illinois, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. tv, pp. 87-116, March 27, 1902. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus[88]; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. In the plates the original numbers and running headline (slightly abbreviated) have been preserved [in brack- ets], while the volume designation and serial plate numbers have been added in the usual place. The original text references to the plates areunchanged. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy’s Proceedings and the original title, which was: Pagers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. axvil, Afpterygota. No other alterations have been made. EpITor. (84) APTERYGOTA OF ALASKA BY JUSTUS WATSON FOLSOM Tuis paper deals with the Collembola and Thysanura collected in Alaska in June and July, 1899, by Professor Trevor Kincaid, of the Harriman Expedition, with the addition of a few forms collected by him in 1897. ‘These are especially welcome as nothing has been published hitherto concerning the Collembola of Alaska, and because, with three exceptions, all of Professor Kincaid’s species are either new or little known. Moreover, they suggest interesting problems in geographic distribution, a subject yet in its infancy, as regards this group. Fourteen forms are here described as follows: Neanura gigantea Tull. E-ntomobrya kincatdé sp. nov. NNVeanura ornata sp. nov. Tomocerus niger Bourl., type. Anurida amorita sp. nov. Tomocerus niger Bourl., var. Aphoruraoctopunctata (Tull.) arcticus Schott. Aphorura dentata sp. nov. Tomocerus niger Bourl., var. Lsotoma fimetaria (L.) Tull. americanus Schott. Lsotoma viridis Bourl., type. Papirius palmatus sp. nov. Lsotoma viridis Bourl., var. Machilis arctica sp. nov. arctica Schott. Types of the above species and subspecies have been de- posited in the United States National Museum, and all the Harriman specimens retain the numbers of the original labels. [87] (85) 86 FOLSOM [88] NEANURA GIGANTEA Tull. (Pl. 1v, fig. 15 Plo vi, figs: 11-13.) Anura gigantea TULLBERG, Ofv. k. vet. Akad. forh., xXxxIII, no. 5, p. 41, taf. II, fig. 59, 1876 (Siberia).—ScuOtt, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., xxv, no. II, p. 94, 1894 (Siberia). Neanura gigantea SCHAFFER, Fauna Arctica, I, lief. 2, p. 240, Igoo. General color of alcoholic specimens indigo blue, with conspicuous blackish tubercles (fig. 1); living examples pruinose (Tullberg). Head twice as broad as long, with twelve large tubercles, including those bearing the eyes, arranged as in fig. 1. Eyes (fig. 11) five on either side. Postantennal organs (figs. 11, 12) each composed of more than 100 clavate papille forming a rosette. Antenne half as long as the head, conical, with segments related in length as 4:3:2:6; basal and second segments half as long as broad; third and fourth coales- cent; the minute antennal tubercles become successively smaller on each segment. Body oval in dorsal aspect; the number of large tuber- cles on each successive segment is, respectively, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 6, 2; the tubercle at either end of each transverse row is behind the others, on the first seven segments; on the seventh, both are also ventral and inconspicuous; on the eighth, four are ventral and two dorsal; the ninth segment is bent under and bears two small tubercles. Legs short and stout; claws (fig. 13) alike, stout, uniformly curving and tapering, strongly unidentate on the inner margin and minutely tuber- culate. Cuticula finely tuberculate; large tubercles also reticulate (fig. 11), bearing several long stiff yellow sete. Maximum length, 5 mm. Two forms occur: broad ones, in which breadth is to length as I: 1.79; and narrow ones, in which the ratio is 1:2.27. This differ- ence of proportion is independent of age, as it exists between speci- mens of equal length; it is found in other species of Weanwra, and is presumably a sexual distinction. Twenty-five specimens, St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, 1897. The original description, although brief, suffices to place this well marked and monstrous species. Tullberg and Schétt have recorded it from several localities in Siberia, Yenisei River (Latitude 61° to 73°). Schott also notes the species from the vicinity of St. Lawrence Bay. Tullberg (1876, p. 29) is confident that Meanxura gigantea does not occur in Nova Zembla, Spitzbergen or Greenland. [89] APTERYGOTA 87 NEANURA ORNATA sp. nov. (Pl. rv, fig. 2; Pl. vi, figs. 14-18.) White (fig. 2). Head (fig. 14) slightly longer than broad, rounded triangular. Eyes (fig. 14, e, e, e) not more than three on either side, in longitudinal alignment; two are close together and immediately be- hind the base of the antenna; the third is considerably behind these. The eyes are rudimentary; they lack pigment, and even the cornea, especially of the posterior eye, is frequently indistinguishable. Post- antennal organs absent. Antenne (fig. 15) barely more than half as long as the head, with segments related as 5:4:4:6; basal segment stout, globose, reticulate; second and third globose, slightly or not at all reticulate ; fourth conical, reticulate, the minute tubercles successively smaller on the first three segments but of equal size on the second and fourth. The large tubercles which characterize the genus coalesce on the head of this species but are indicated by the arrangement of the setigerous, reticulated areas. Buccal cone as in figure 16. Body segments related in length as 3: 4:5:6:5:5:4:2:23; apical seg- ment reduced and turned under; the number of large tubercles on each successive segment is, respectively, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,6, 2; on the fourth abdominal segment the two paramedian tubercles coalesce, while four are ventral; on the penultimate segment all six coalesce and on the apical segment the two tubercles are ventral. Each tubercle, though but slightly elevated, is defined by its chitinous retic- ulation and by two to four stiff serrulate sete of two forms (fig. 17). The minute cuticular tubercles are not hemispherical as in other species of the genus, but are conical (fig. 17) and frequently clustered. Legs short and stout, with stout curving sete; tibia with a subapical pair of appendages (fig. 18), pyriform in outline; claws (fig. 18) alike, apically curving, prominently unidentate at the base of the inner margin. Length, 1.4 mm. As in WV. gigantea, there are two forms, probably the sexes; a narrower kind (fig. 2) with abdomen gradually dilating, with average breadth to length as 1: 2.8, and a broader form, oval-cylindrical, in which breadth: length = 1: 2. Type.—Cat. No. 5435, U. S. Nat. Museum. Described from thirty-five types, Sitka, June, 1899 (No. 71). Neanura ornata does not closely resemble any described species but recalls in its ocular characters an East Indian species, JV. fortzs Oudm. (Oudemans, 1890, p. 91; Schaffer, 1898, p. 399). 88 FOLSOM [90] ANURIDA AMORITA sp. nov. (Pl. tv, fig. 3; Pl. vi, figs. 19-24.) General color bluish gray, due to the combined effect of indigo blue mottlings with the white ground color (fig. 3). The dorsum of each segment has two parallel broken blackish stripes (fig. 3). Eyes (fig. 19) five on either side, on blackish patches. Postantennal organs oval (fig. 20) or bent, as in fig. 21 (both figures are from the same head), with from thirty to forty elements. Antenne almost as long as the head; segments related as 12:12:11:103 first three dilated apically ; fourth rounded conical, bearing an organ (fig. 22) consisting of three large contiguous bladder-like structures upon a chitinous base. Body (fig. 3) elongated, abdomen gradually dilated. Claws of mid and hind feet (fig. 23) gradually tapering from a broad base, slightly curv- ing, strongly unidentate near the middle of the inner margin; claws of fore feet (fig. 24) smaller and less tapering. Clothing of short dense curving sete, with a transverse row of long hairs on each segment. Maximum length, 4.1 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 5437, U. S. Nat. Museum. Described from thirty-six types, Kukak Bay (No. 70). This species is most nearly allied to A. tullberg¢ Schott (1891, p. 192; 1894, pp. 91-92, taf. 8, figs. 16-18) which, however, has but twenty-four to thirty-eight elements in each postantennal organ, and more slender, untoothed claws, not to mention differences of minor importance, ‘The curious antennal organ, already found on A. marz- tima, attains a much greater size in A. amorita. APHORURA OCTOPUNCTATA (Tull). (Pl. vir, figs. 25-28.) Lipura octo-punctata TULLBERG, Ofv. k. vet. Akad. forh., XXxXIII, no. 5, p. 4o, taf. 11, figs. 51-53, 1876 (Siberia).—Scu6rt, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., XxXv, no. II, p. 88, 1894 (Siberia). Aphorura octopunctata SCHAFFER, Fauna Arctica, bd. 1, lief. 2, p. 241, 1900. White. Postantennal organs (fig. 25) elliptical, of about thirty- three to thirty-seven elements. Pseudocelli of the head, fourteen ; four behind the base of either antenna (fig. 25) and six, in two transverse rows, on the posterior border of the head. Antennz shorter than the head, with segments related in length nearly as 7:10:9:123 basal seg- [or] APTERYGOTA 89 ment stout, second cylindrical, third petiolate, terminal segment cylin- drical with rounded apex; antennal organ (fig. 26) composed of five chitinous finger-like processes. Body cylindrical, its segments related aS 23: 26: 29: 25:22: 27:27: 27:10. Superior claws (fig. 27) broad, curving, distinctly unidentate near the middle of the inner mar- gin; inferior claws slightly longer, slender, gradually attenuating into a fine filament, untoothed. Anal spines (fig. 28) two, half as long as a superior claw, feebly arcuate, on prominent papillae. Body sparsely clothed with short curved sete and occasional longer stiff sete, the latter becoming more numerous towards the extremity of the abdomen. Length, 2.7 mm. Three specimens, Sitka, June, 1899 (No. 71). The Harriman examples of this species agree satisfactorily with the original diagnosis except for lacking a tooth on the inferior claw. The pseudocelli of the body were not studied on account of insufficient material. A. octopunctata has seldom been recorded. It was described from a single individual taken at Dudinskoe, Siberia (Latitude 69° 25’ N.), by the Nordenskidld Expedition in 1875 (Tullberg, 1876, p. 40). The Yenisei Expedition of the following year collected examples at Tschulkova, in Latitude 62° 45’ N., andthe Vega Expedition of 1878- 79 found a single specimen at Irkaipi, in Chukchi Land (Latitude 68° 36’ N. Schott, 1894, p. 88). APHORURA DENTATA sp. nov (Pl. vir, figs. 29-36.) White (fig. 29). Postantennal organs (fig. 30) elongate, of very many minute papillate elements, underlying which are seventeen or more oval structures (fig. 31). Pseudocelli of the head eight, of which two lie behind the base of either antenna (fig. 32) and the remaining four oc- cupy the posterior border of the head (fig. 29). The areas adjoining the antennz are more finely tuberculate than the rest of the head. An- tenn slightly shorter than the head, with segments related nearly as 2: 5:4:5; basal segment cup-shaped, second and third clavate and petio- late, fourth conical; antennal organ (fig. 33) of five, rarely four, stout conical processes. Body cylindrical (fig. 29) ; segments related as 10: 13 :16:13:13:12:14:10:3; the number of dorsal pseudocelli for each successive segment is, respectively (fig. 29), 4, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, o. Superior claws (fig. 34) strongly curved, five-toothed, as follows: paired pseudonychial teeth occur one-third from the base of the claw, a go FOLSOM [92] second pair of lateral teeth is found one-seventh from the apex, and a fifth, or median, tooth is situated as far again from the apex; inferior claws untoothed, slender, gradually attenuating into a filament which extends beyond the superior claw, inner margin roundly and narrowly dilated at base; both claws are basally tuberculate. Anal spines (figs. 353 36) two, less than half as long as a superior claw, almost straight, separated basally by half their length and not seated upon papille. Clothing of short dense curving sete with occasional long stiff setz on antennz and abdomen, the latter more numerous towards the apex of the abdomen. Maximum length, 4 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 5436, U. S. Nat. Museum. Sixteen types: ten from Seldovia, Cook Inlet, July, 1899, under stones at tide mark (No. 62) ; five, Cook Inlet, 1899 (No. 60) ; one from St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, August 1, 1897. Although A. dextata shares many of its characters with other spe- cies, in no other form do they approach a similar combination. The five-toothed claws are most distinctive. ISOTOMA FIMETARIA (L.) Tull. (Pl. vu, figs. 37-39.) 2? Podura terrestris alba LINNAEUS, Fauna Suecica, Ed. 1, p. 343, 1746. ? Podura fimetaria LINNAEUS, Fauna Suecica, Ed. 2, 1761. Lsotoma alba TULLBERG, Ofv. k. vet. Akad. forh., XXVIII, no. I, p. 152, 1871 (Sweden). Lsotoma fimetaria TULLBERG, k. sven. vet. Akad. hand., x, no. 10, p. 48, taf. 9, ‘figs. 32, 33, 1872 (Sweden). —TuLLBERG, Ofv. k. vet: ea forh., XXXIII, no. 5, p. 37, 1876 (Greenland, Siberia). —MacGILtivray, Can, Ent., XXIII, p. 273, 1891.—UZEL, Sitzber. k. boh. Gesell. Wiss., 11, p. 66, 1891 (Bohemia).—ScHOTT, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., Xxv, no. II, p. 75, 1894 (Siberia) DALLA Torre, Die Gattungen und Arten der Apterygo- genea (Brauer), p. 9, 1895.— REUTER, Acta Soc. Faun. Flora fenn., x1, no. 4, pp. 28-29, 1895 (Finland).—MacGILuivray, Can. Ent., xxvii, p. 58, 1896.—ScHAFFER, Mitt. naturh. Mus. Hamburg, x11, p. 183, 1896 (Germany).—SCH6TT, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc., v1 (2), p. 184, 1896 (California).—LIE-PETTERSEN, Bergens Mus. Aarb. (1896), no. 8, p. 18, 1897 (Norway).—MEINERT, Vidensk. Med. naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn (1896), p. 169, 1897 (Greenland).—LIE-PETTERSEN, Bergens Mus. Aarb., no. 6, p. 13, 1898 (Norway).—SCHERBAKOF, Zool. Anz., XXI, p. 58, 1898 (Russia).—SCHERBAKOF, Materiali, etc., Apteryg., Vicinity of Kief, p. 12, 1898 (Russia). CARPENTER and EvAns, Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, xiv, p. 251, pl. 8, figs. 3, 4, 1899 (Scotland).—ScHER- BAKOF, Zool. Anz., XXII, p. 47, 1899 (Spitzbergen).—CARPENTER, Sc. Proc. R. Dublin Soc., 1x. (n. s.), pt. 3, p. 274, 1900 (Franz Josef Land). —ScHAFFER, Fauna Arctica, I, lief. 2, p. 247 (Massachusetts). White. Eyes absent. Postantennal organs small, elliptical. An- tenne (fig. 37) subequal to head in length, segments related as 3:5: [93] APTERYGOTA gI 11; basal segment stout, cylindrical; second cylindrical; third cla- vate, apically constricted; fourth subclavate, apically rounded. Body elongate; segments in relative lengths as 2:6:6:5:6:6:5:3:2. Superior claws (fig. 38) slightly tapering, feebly curved, inner margin excavated, untoothed; inferior claws two-thirds as long, broadly lan- ceolate, acute, with a longitudinal rib parallel with the inner margin; tenent hairs absent. Furcula appended to the fourth abdominal seg- ment, short, not attaining the ventral tube; dentes nearly twice the manubrium in length, slender, uniformly tapering ; mucrones (fig. 39 ) slender, conspicuously bidentate; apical tooth slightly hooked, second tooth larger, erect. Clothing of numerous short sete of two kinds, stiff or curving, becoming longer toward the apex of the abdomen. Length 1.6 mm. Two specimens, Sitka, June, 1899 (No. 71). The Alaska specimens agree with European examples of the species which I received from Dr. Schiffer, except in having stouter claws and antenne and in being rather larger. There is less agreement with specimens from Massachusetts, as the antenne of the Alaskan forms are shorter as compared with them, the claws stouter and the mucrones more slender, with subequal teeth; moreover, the fourth abdominal segment, shorter than the third in the latter specimens, is twice as long as the third in the Harriman examples. Isotoma fimetaria, well known in northern and middle Europe, is also widely distributed through the Arctic regions, as the above list shows. The species doubtless occurs extensively in the United States also, being recorded from California and having been found by myself in Massachusetts and Ohio. - ISOTOMA VIRIDIS Bourl. (Pl. rv, fig. 4, type.) 2? Podura viridis MULLER, Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, p. 183, 1776 (Den- mark).—?GMELIN, in Linné Systema Naturae, Ed. 13, p. 2910, 1788. Podura viridis BOURLET, Mémoire Podurelles, p. 24, 1843 (France). ? Podura plumbea MULLER, Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, p. 183, 1776.— ?0. Fapricius, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 211, 1780 (Greenland). Isotoma viridis BOURLET, Mém. soc. sc. agric. arts Lille, Pt. 1, p. 4or, 1839 (France).—GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., III, p. 433, 1844.—LuUBBOCK, Monograph Coll. and Thys., p. 169, 1873 (England). —PARoNA, Saggio Catalogo Pod. Ital., p. 42, 1878 (Italy); Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Genova, XVIII, p. 463, 1883.—REUTER, Ofv. finsk. vet. soc. forh., XXXIII, p. 229, 1891 (Siberia).—ScuOTT, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., xxv, No. 11, pp. 59-61, taf. 5, figs. 1-5 ; taf. 6, figs. 1, 2, 1894 g2 FOLSOM [94] (Siberia). —DALLA ToRRE, Die Gattungen und Arten der Apterygogenea (Brauer), p. 10, 1895.—REUTER, Acta Soc. Fauna Flora fenn., XI, no, 4, pp. 25-26, 1895 (Finland).—MacGILLivray, Can. Ent., xXvIlIl, p. 58, 1896 (Mass., Tex., N. Y.). SCHAFFER, Mitt. naturh. Mus. Hamburg, XIII, pp. 184-186, taf. 3, fig. 80, 1896 (Germany).—LIE-PETTERSEN, Ber- gens Mus. Aarb. (1896), No. 8, p. 17, 1897 (Norway) ; zzd., No. 6, p. 12, 1898.—MEINERT, Vidensk. Med. naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn (1896), p. 169, 1897 (Greenland).—SCHERBAKOF, Zool. Anz., XXI, p. 58, 1898 (Russia) ; Materials, etc., Apteryg. Vicinity of Kief, p. 7, 1898; Zool. Anz., XXII, p. 47, 1899 (Spitzbergen),—CARPENTER and EVANS, Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, xIv, p. 246, pl. 7, fig. 17, 1899 (Scotland).— WAHLGREN, Ofv. k. vet. Akad. forh., Lv1, No. 4, p. 338, 1899 (Spitzbergen); Ent. Tidsk., xx, hft. 2-3, pp. 186-190, 1899 (Sweden).—KIEFFER, Berl. ent. Zeits., xLv, hft. 1-2, p. 113, I900 (Germany).—SCHAFFER, Fauna Arctica, 1, lief. 2, p. 245, 1900; Jahreshefte Vereins vaterl. Naturk. Wiirttemberg, LVI, p. 256, Ig00 (Germany). Isotoma caerulea BOURLET, Mém. soc. sc. agric. arts Lille, Pt. 1, p. 401, 1839.—GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., III, p. 433, 1844. Lsotoma arborea BOURLET, Mém. soc. sc. Agric. arts Lille, Pt. 1, p. 4o1, 1839.— PARONA, Saggio Catalogo Pod. ital., pp. 40-41, 1878 ; Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Genova, XVIII, pp. 462-463, 1883; zb¢d., 2d ser., VI, p. 143, 1888. Desoria virescens NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 59, pl. 5, fig. 12, 1841 (Switzerland).—GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins, apt., Il, p. 428, 1844. Desoria cylindrica NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 60, pl. 6, fig. 1, 1841. —GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., III, p. 429, 1844. Desoria viatica NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 61, pl. 6, fig. 2, 1841. —GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., II, pp. 429-430, 1844. Desoria pallida NIcOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 61, pl. 6, fig. 3, 1841. —GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., III, p. 430, 1844. Desoria ebriosa NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 61, pl. 6, fig. 4, 1841. —GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., III, p. 430, 1844. Desoria annulata NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 62, pl. 6, fig. 5, 1841. —GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., III, p. 430, 1844. Desoria fusca NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 63, pl. 6, fig. 7, 1841. —GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., IJ, p. 431, 1844. Podura arborea BOURLET, Mémoire Podurelles, p. 24, 1843. Podura annulata BOURLET, zb7d. Lsotoma Desmarestit GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., II, p. 436, pl. 50, fig. 11,1844. fleterotoma chlorata GERVAIS, 2bid., pp. 421-422, pl. 50, fig. 6, 1844. Lsotoma virescens NICOLET, Ann. soc. ent. France, 2d ser., v, 1847. Lsotoma pallida Nicouxt, zbid. Lsotoma annulata NICOLET, zb¢¢a.—LuBBOCcK, Monograph Coll. and Thys., p. 175, 1873.—PARONA, Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Genova, XVIII, p. 463, 1883. Lsotoma fusca NICOLET, Ann. soc. ent. France, 2d ser., v, 1847.—LUBBOCK, Monograph Coll. and Thys., pp. 175-176, 1873.—TOMOSVARY, Math. term. kézlem. Magyar Ak., XVIII, p. 124, 1882 (Hungary).—PARONA, Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Genova, XVIII, p. 463, 1883; zddd., 2d ser., VI, p- 143, 1888. Lsotoma anglicana LuBBock, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xx111, Pt. 3, p. 596, 1862 ; Monograph Coll. and Thys., pp. 171-172, pl. 38, 1873. Isotoma lineata LUBBOCK, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xxi, Pt. 3. p. 597, 1862. [os] APTERYGOTA 93 Isotoma pa.ustris var. unicolor TULLBERG, Ofv. k. vet. Akad. forh., xxvii, NOW Heal ST. LOgd. Tsotoma palustris var. annulata TULLBERG, 77d, Tsotoma palustris var. viridis TULLBERG, K. sven, vet. akad. hand., x, no. 10, p. 46, taf. 9, figs. 1-8, 1872 (Sweden, Spitzbergen, Bering Id.).—UZEL, Sitzber. k. boh. Gesell. Wiss., 11, p. 63, 1891 (Bohemia). Tsotoma palustris var. fusca TULLBERG, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., x, no. 10, p. 46, taf. 9, figs. 1-8, 1872.—UZEL, Sitzber. k. boh. Gesell. Wiss., Il, \p..03,, 1SQI: Isotoma Belfraget PACKARD, Fifth Rep. Trust. Peab. Acad., pp. 33-34, 1873 (Texas).—MACcGILLIVRAY, Can. Ent:, XXII, p. 273, 1891. Isotoma tricolor (in part) PACKARD, Fifth Rep. Trust. Peab. Acad., p. 34, 1873 (Mass.).—MACGILLIVRAY, Can, Ent., xxIlI, p. 274, 1891 (D. C.). Isotoma purpurascens PACKARD, Fifth Rep. Trust. Peab. Acad., pp. 34-35, 1873 (Texas).—MACGILLIVRAY, Gan Ent, XXII, Pp. 274, lool: Isotoma plumbea PACKARD, Fifth Rep. Trust. Peab. Acad., p. 35, 1873 (Mass.). = MACGILEIVRAY, Cans Ent. %XIIT,p. 274,.toor (1) 1.5 Ohio). Tsotoma palustris TULLBERG, Ofv. k, vet. akad. forh., XXXIU, no. 5, pp. 34- 35, 1876 (Siberia). Alcoholic specimens are either dark green with pale green legs and furcula, or are dark brown. Dorsum marked (fig. 4) with pale round and oval spots, most numerous on meso- and metanotum. Eyes as in figure 40 (var. arctica), eight on either side. Postantennal organs ovate to oval. Antennz half as long again as the head; seg- ments in relative lengths as 4:6:6:7. Body cylindrical; segments related as 4:10:9:7:8:10:9:4:2. Superior claws (fig. 41, var. arctica) long, slender, tapering, slightly curving, laterally pseudony- chiate, inner margin bidentate; inferior claws less than half as long, parallel sided, acute, apically curving; tenent hair unknobbed. Fur- cula half as long as the body; dentes nearly three times the manu- brium in length; mucrones (fig. 42, arctica) subequally tridentate ; teeth large, blunt, apical tooth falcate, second and third subfalcate and opposite each other. Clothing of dense short curving set, with long barbellate hairs on the posterior part of the abdomen. Length 6 mm. Three individuals, St. Paul Id., 1897; three, Popof Id., 1899 (No. 96). These agree in every essential respect with European examples of I. viridis, forma princépalis, received from Dr. Schaffer and also with specimens collected by myself in Massachusetts, Ohio and Illinois; the Alaskan forms differ from any which I have seen, how- ever, by being larger and in having no tooth on the inferior claw, with the exception of a single small specimen, 2 mm. long. It is not surprising to meet Z. vzr¢d7s from Alaska, as the species has repeatedly been recorded from the Arctic regions and ranges throughout Europe and the United States. 94 FOLSOM [96] ISOTOMA VIRIDIS Bourl., var. ARCTICA Schott. (Pl. tv, fig. 5; Pl. vu, figs. 40-42.) Isotoma viridis, var. arctica SCHOTT, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., xxv, no. II, p. 61, taf. 5, fig. 4, 1894.—SCHAFFER, Fauna Arctica, I, lief. 2, p. 245, 1900. The preceding description of the typical form applies equally well to the variety arctica with the following modifications: arctica is longer, more slender (fig. 5) and is yellow, marked with dark blue; each of the last seven segments bears a dorsal deltoid mark by which the variety may be recognized. Length, 7 mm. Three specimens, Popof Id., 1899 (no. 96). The two types of Schétt came from Port Clarence, on the American side of Bering Strait. Schaffer gives southern Russia as a second locality. ENTOMOBRYA KINCAIDI sp. nov. (Pl. vim, figs. 43-45.) Olive green with pale mottlings. Head yellowish, oral region dark. Eye patches widely separated; eyes (fig. 43) eight on either side. Antenne twice as long as the head, or half as long as the body, with segments related as 3:5:4:6; basal ring blackish; basal segment yellow, dusky proximally, second yellow, third yellow, dark distally ; fourth elliptical, yellow with dusky apex. Body fusiform, segments as 4:24:15:10:13:13:40:12:6 in relative lengths; sides dusky, also the anterior border of the mesonotum, and the posterior borders of the fourth and sixth abdominal segments. Legs yellowish; superior claws (fig. 44) broad, straight, inner margin bidentate, a tooth occur- ring one-fourth, and another one-half the distance from the apex; outer margin untoothed; inferior claws two-thirds as long, broadly linear, acute, untoothed; tenent hair single, knobbed. Furcula white, as long as the antenne; dentes slender, one-third longer than the manubrium; mucrones (fig. 45) tridentate, as usual, with an apical hook, a second tooth which is conical, erect, and as long as the width of the dens, and a third, small acicular oblique tooth; three barbellate hairs project far beyond the mucrones. Antennae, legs and furcula densely clothed with short curving barbellate sete interspersed with long barbellate hairs, which are longest on the last three abdominal segments; stout clavate barbellate setae occur between the eye patches, on the occiput and on the anterior borders of meso- and metanotum. Length, 1.9 mm. [97] APTERYGOTA 95 Type.—Cat. No. 5509, U. S. Nat. Museum. Four types, Muir Glacier (‘‘hillside to right”), June 11, 1899 (No. 68). In coloration &. &¢xcatd¢ is much like &. eritseo-olivata Pack. (73, p- 39) but the two species differ sufficiently in structural details. In Packard’s species the inferior claws are basally dilated, the mucrones strongly falcate, and the fourth abdominal segment is four times as long as the third. Next to griseo-olivata, kincazdi is most nearly allied to marginata Tull. and muscorum Tull. (not Nic.), European specimens of which have been furnished me by Dr. Schaffer. Named after Professor Trevor Kincaid, of the University of Wash- ington, who has materially assisted in extending our knowledge of Arctic Collembola. TOMOCERUS NIGER Bourl. (Pl. vin, figs. 46, 47.) Macrotoma nigra BOURLET, Mém. soc. sc. agric. arts Lille, Pt. 1, p. 14, 1839 (France) —GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins, apt., III, p. 408, pl. 50, fig. 7, 1844. Macrotoma ferruginosa BOURLET, Mém. soc. sc. agric. arts Lille, Pt. 1, p. 14, 1839.—GERVaIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., III, p. 408, 1839. Tomocerus celery NICOLET, Rech. Podurelles, p. 69, pl. 7, fig. 9, 1841 (Switzer- land) ; Ann. soc. ent. France, 2d ser., v, 1847.—PARONA, Ann, sc. r. inst. tec. Pavia, tav. 2, fig. 7, 1875 (Italy). Macrotoma celey GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., 111, p. 407, pl. 50, fig. 7, 1844. Macrotoma lepida GERVAIS, tbid., p. 409. Tomocerus lepida NICOLET, Ann. soc. ent. France, 2d ser., v, 1847. Macrotoma flavescens TULLBERG, Ofv. k. vet. Akad. forh., XxXvIII, no. 1, p. 149, 1871 (Sweden) ; K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., x, no. 10, pp. 36-37, taf. 5, figs. 1-6, 1872.—UZEL, Sitzber. k. boh. Gesell. Wiss., 11, p. 48, 1891 (Bohemia). Lomocerus niger LuBpock, Monograph Coll. and Thys., pp. 139-140, 1873 (England).—Parona, Saggio catalogo Pod. ital., pp. 25-26, 1878 (Italy); Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Genova, XVIII, p. 456, 1883 ; zdzd., 2d ser., VI, p. 139, 1888.—REUTER, Acta. Soc. Fauna Flora, fenn., XI, no. 4, p. 15, 1895 (Finland),—CARPENTER and Evans, Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edin- burgh, XIV, pp. 236-237, pl. 7, fig. 16, 1899 (Scotland).—SCHAFFER, Jahreshefte Vereins vaterl. Naturk. Wiirttemberg, LVI, p. 274, Igo00 (Ger- many). Free Pee ScHOoTT, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., xxv, no. 11, p. 42, 1894 (Norway). — DALLA TorRE, Die Gattungen und Arten der Apterygogenea (Brauer), p. 11, 1895.—SCHAFFER, Mitt. naturh. Mus. Hamburg, XIII, pp. 204-205, 1896 (Germany).—LIE-PETTERSEN, Ber- gens Mus. Aarb. (1896), no. 8, p. 11, 1897 (Norway) ; zdzd., no. 6, p. 8, 1898.—SCHERBAKOF, Zool. Anz., XXI, p. 60, 1898 (Russia) ; Materiali, etc., Apteryg. Vicinity of Kief, p. 20, 1898.—ABSOLON, Studies Morav. Cave Apt., pp. 32-33, 1900 (Moravia). 96 FOLSOM [98] Cream yellow when denuded of scales. Eyes six on either side, on black patches close behind the bases of the antenne. Antenne shorter than the body; basal ring prominent; first segment yellow or pur- plish; second and third yellow, frequently purplish apically; third often purple throughout; fourth segment purple. Legs yellow, ex- cepting the tibiz, which are purplish distally; superior claws (fig. 46) long, slender, uniformly tapering, straight, pseudonychiate, inner mar- gin bidentate, or, less than half as often, tridentate; inferior claws half as long, straight, tapering, acuminate, inner margin unidentate near the middle; tenent hair knobbed. Furcula yellow. Dental spines (fig. 47) seven to nine, becoming successively smaller toward the base of each dens until the large proximal spine is reached; the distal spine is more lateral than the rest and there may be two of them on either side; a lanceolate acuminate transparent scale occurs near the proximal spine or spines. Clothing of scales, with numerous clavate sete on head and legs, interspersed with many long stiff hairs, especially on femora and manubrium; mesonotal collar of stiff seta, finely barbel- late apically; similar setae occur on the manubrium among the short reclinate bristles; the furcula bears scales above and long plumes beneath. Length, 5 mm. Twenty-one specimens, Yakutat, June, 1899 (Nos. 57, 69); three, Cook Inlet, 1899 (No. 60); one, Popof Island, 1899 (No. 96); one, Juneau, 1899 (No. 56) ; four, Sitka, June, 1899 (Nos. 64, 71); three, Berg Bay, June 10, 1899 (No. 72) ; fifty-five, Muir Glacier, west side, June 12, 1899 (No. 63), comprising intergradations between zZger, arcticus and americanus, but consisting principally of typical arctécus. Many of the specimens from which the preceding description was made conformed to authoritative descriptions and figures of the well- known 7. flavescens (more properly termed xzger), of Europe, and also agreed with eight examples of the species given me by Dr. Schaf- fer. Most of the Harriman specimens varied greatly, however, in the characters of accepted specific value—for example, those of the claws and dental spines. These variations, bearing importantly upon the interrelations of three members of the genus, are tabulated below. Tullberg’s (1872, pp. 36-37, taf. 5, figs. 1-6) diagnosis of 7. ffa- vescens is, ‘* Antenne corpore non longiores. Spine dentium sim- plices 7-8, intima magna. Unguiculus superior dentibus 2 instructus, inferior lanceolatus. Long. 4 millim.” Tullberg adds that the infe- rior claws are unidentate. With this description compare the follow- ing records. The figures after the + signs refer to the number of large spines beside each dental scale. [99] APTERYGOTA 97 Teeth of superior claws. Dental spines. Class. Fore foot. | Mid foot. | Hind foot.| Right dens. Left dens. I 2 2 2 5+2 47 +-2 Common 2 3 2 2 6+1 6+ 1 Occasional 3 3 3 3 4+2 6+ 2 Twospecimens 4 4 3 3 % ? One specimen 5 4 4 3 ee Se ee 6 4 4 4 8 + 2 4 + 2 «6 6c Excepting these variations, all the individuals are essentially alike and nearly all the variations given are found in one lot of specimens (No. 63, Muir Glacier), among which are also the forms arcticus and americanus. Individuals of class No. 1 are clearly ziger (flavescens). Those of No. 2 depart from the type in having an extra tooth but are more typical than No. 1 by having but one accessory spine. Having admitted No. 2 as zzger, how may we exclude No. 3, as regards the claws? The number of spines is normal on the left, and but one too many on the right dens. Considering the numerical variability of the spines, No. 3 could still be called zzger. Notice, however, that No. 3, is just as evidently a variety of Z. americanus Schott. His diag- nosis (1896, p. 172, pl. 16, figs. 6, 7) provides especially for the three- toothed form. Nos. 4, 5 and 6 are clearly americanus, in which Schott himself found great variability and affinities with flavescens. Any distinction between ziger and americanus, then, must be arti- ficial and arbitrary. This is not all, for 7. arcticus enters the dis- cussion. Schétt (1894, pp. 43-44, taf. 3, figs. 8, 9) distinguishes arcticus as having (1) four teeth normally on each superior claw (five may occur on any foot, but his statement, ‘‘ doch scheinen 4 Zahne auf allen das normale zu sein,” holds, nevertheless), (2) ‘* Spine den- tium simplices, septem vel interdum octo, intima parva.” The only apparent differences, therefore, between arcticus and americanus are the absence of a tooth on the inferior claws of arctzcus and of two large spines beside each dental scale. Now the tooth mentioned was pres- ent on most of the Alaskan examples of @rcticzs, although not re- ferred to by Schétt, in whose specimens it was very likely absent. As to the accessory spines, one such is indeed mentioned by Schétt and several of the Alaskan specimens, which occurred with typical arctécus and were unlike it in no other respect, had two well developed acces- sory spines. Therefore, arcticus and americanus merge together. Comparing arcticus directly with xzger, the former, when it has one accessory spine, agrees to that extent with the latter; the teeth on each superior claw of arctécus are not known to be less than four, and 98 FOLSOM [100] are only two in typical 2zger; as I have implied, however, arctzczs is connected with zéger through amerzcanus; in fact, the variety of arcticus with two basal spines might be called americanus, were its true relations with @rcticus not known. The dental scales also, occurring in no other described species ex- cept 7. plumbeus, are of significant value. To summarize: arcticus varies into americanus which, in turn, connects insensibly with zzger. The first two, then, are properly to be called varieties of zzger (_flavescens)—the first described of the three. The question whether zzger is actually nearest the stem form —a debatable subject, which I have but partially settled—fortunately does not affect the terminology to be adopted. Although zzger has long been known to occur throughout Europe under the name of /flavescens, it has not been hitherto recorded from the Arctic regions. TOMOCERUS NIGER Bourl., var. ARCTICUS Schott. (Pl. vu, figs. 48-52.) Tomocerus arcticus SCHOTT, K. sven. vet. akad. hand., xxv, No. 11, p. 43, taf. 3, figs. 8, 9, 1894.—DALLA Torre, Die Gattungen und Arten der Ap- terygogenea (Brauer), p. 11, 1895.—SCHAFFER, Fauna Arctica, I, lief. 2, Pp. 251, 1900. Typical arcticus is citron yellow, when denuded of scales. Eyes six on either side (fig. 48), as usual. Antenne over three times as long as the head, or two-thirds the length of the body; segments re- lated as 2: 3 :13:33 basal ring purple; first two segments yellow, second often purplish distally; last two pale purple. Prothorax con- cealed ; remaining segments related in length as 8:6: 5:6:9:6:3:2. Legs yellow throughout, or else coxe and tibiz purplish; superior claws (fig. 49) rather stout, slightly curved, pseudonychiate; inner margin distinctly quadridentate, as arule; superior claws of hind feet one-third longer than those of the other feet ; inferior claws two-thirds as long as the large claws, lanceolate, acute, inner margin unidentate two-fifths from the apex; tenent hair knobbed. Furcula attaining the ventral tube; segments as 5:7 :1, in relative lengths; manubrium yellow, remainder white. Dental spines (fig. 50) normally six or seven on either side, becoming successively smaller proximally; distal spine more lateral than the rest; two large ovate-lanceolate acuminate transparent scales occur near the manubrium. Clothing as in 7% niger, type. Length, 3.5 mm. One specimen, Popof Id., 1899 (No. 96); four, Cook Inlet, 1899 [ror] APTERYGOTA 99 (No. 60); nine, Sitka, June, 1899 (Nos. 64, 71); one, Yakutat Bay, 1899 (No. 69); fifty-five, including intergrades with xzger and amer- zcanus, Muir Glacier, west side, June 12, 1899 (No. 63). In arctécus there is a strong tendency toward a double series of dental spines, a peculiarity limited to arctécus, so farasI know. ‘The nature of the doubling is shown in fig. 51, in which certain of the proxi- mal spines are each laterally accompanied by an extra spine. The ad- dition of spines begins at the base of the series and proceeds distally ; in fig. 52, only the basal spine of the right dens is repeated, the re- maining spines being single. There is no question about the identity of these specimens. Four is the normal number of teeth for a superior claw, as Schott says; on one pair of hind feet I found five on the right and four on the left foot, a variation mentioned by Schétt. He neither describes nor figures a tooth for the inferior claw; such a tooth was distinct on most of the Harriman specimens, however, although occasionally obscure or even absent, especially on small individuals. The dental spines, rarely eight, in a normal series, were as often six as seven. The number of spines increases with the size of the individual. I may add that the dental scales disagree with Schétt’s figure by being acuminate instead of rounded. The preceding description is based upon nearly typical specimens. To describe the varieties of arctécus would be to describe zzger and americanus again, as arcticus varies into both those forms. The presence of an accessory spine beside each scale and a slight reduction in the number of teeth for the superior claw, variations which actually occur in the specimens from the Muir Glacier—transform arctécus into z¢@ger. The variations leading into americanus are given be- low and I have already shown (p. 99) that between americanus and niger proper, no natural distinctions exist. Since its discovery by the Vega Expedition in 1878-79, arcticus has never been recorded. The types occurred in colonies at Pitlekai, Chukchi peninsula, eastern Siberia. TOMOCERUS NIGER Bourl. var. AMERICANUS Schott. (PP vin; fig. 53:) Tomocerus americanus SCHOTT, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v1 (2), p. 172, pl. 16, figs. 6, 7, 1896. Among the many specimens of typical arctécus from the Muir Gla- cier are several which agree with arcticus in every respect save that 100 FOLSOM [102] the dental spines are nine to eleven on either side, there being one or two large additional spines near the dental scale, as in fig. 53. The same varieties, which also occurred frequently with typical examples of xiger, are evidently americanus Schott (1896, p. 172) which, in- deed, was described as being a very variable species. The interrela- tions of americanus and niger I have discussed on p. 99. Occurred among fifty-five specimens of arcticus and niger, Muir Glacier, west side, June 12, 1899 (No. 63); also at Cook Inlet (No. 60) with typical zzger. PAPIRIUS PALMATUS spp. nov. (Pl. vi, figs. 54-56.) Pale yellow, laterally washed with purplish, or else blackish-pur- ple, with pale rounded lateral spots; face with a broad median pur- ple stripe. Eyes (fig. 54) eight on either side, on large black patches. Antenne slightly shorter than the body, purple, paler ba- sally; third segment with six annulations behind the swollen apex; fourth lanceolate, with two annulations below the middle. Superior claws (fig. 55) long, slender, tapering, feebly curving, outer surface unidentate two-fifths from the apex; inner margins with a pair of teeth at about one-fourth, and a second pair at one-half the distance from the apex (only two teeth show in a profile aspect of the claw); inferior claw two-thirds as long as the other, lanceolate, acuminate, with a stout knobbed subapical tenent hair as long as the claw itself, and with a long stiff basal spine borne on the rounded inner margin; an extra long subapical hair occurs on the tibia. Furcula white, attaining the mouth ; segments related as 3:5: 2; dentes each with a lateral series of stiff sete, of which the proximal alone is simple, the others becoming suc- cessively shorter and serrately compound (fig. 56); all the sete are simple, though, in small individuals; mucrones (fig. 56) long, slen- dar, concave, with twenty to thirty rounded teeth on either margin. Dorsum clothed with numerous short stiff sete and several long spin- ous hairs; stiff seta on antenne and legs. Maximum length, 2.24 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 5434, U. S. Nat. Museum. Described from twenty-four types: thirteen, Sitka, June, 1899 (Nos. 64, 71); six, Yakutat, June, 1899 (Nos. 57, 58); three, Berg Bay, June 10, 1899 (No. 72); one, Kodiak (No. 65); one, Fox Point, July, 1899 (No. 67). Papirius palmatus is most nearly allied to P. ater L. (Tull. 1871, p- 146; 1872, p. 34, taf. 3, figs. 26-36). [103] APTERYGOTA IOI MACHILIS ARCTICA sp. nov. (Pl. v, figs. 6-10; Pl. vu, figs. 57, 58.) Body (fig. 6) annulated with alternating bands of dark brown and pale yellow. Head colored as represented in fig. 57. Eyes circu- lar in outline, contiguous along one-fifth the inner margin, or for a distance equal to about one-third the diameter of an eye. Antenne one-quarter longer than the body; hairs white; the basal ring and the following seven segments are, in relative lengths, as 5 :25:10:7:3:4: 2:4; basal ring (fig. 7) yellow, bordered with brown; basal segment cylindrical, twice as long as broad, brown; remaining segments yel- low, obscurely banded with brown. Maxillary palpi (fig. 8) seven- jointed, as usual, with segments related as 4:5:5:8:8:7:6; first segment constricted near the base, with a lateral finger-like process and a globose apex; remaining segments simple, cylindrical, yellow, with the following brown markings (fig. §) : A basal patch on segment two, a distinct basal ring on segment four, a diffuse basal ring on seg- ments five and six and a subapical patch on segment five. Labial palpi (fig. 9) with segments related as 3:5:53 first segment brown, clavate, with a short apical process; second yellow, cylindrical, three times as long as it is broad; third yellow, strongly clavate. Body slender; the relative lengths of the successive segments, measured along the median dorsal liné,. are: 9): 16): 10; 1020): 7/59); 10. Tl: 11s 0k: 10:47; thorax feebly arched; coxe (fig. 10) brown; trochanter yel- low; femur brown, with yellow apex; tibia brown; tarsus brown, basally and apically; claws and cerci brown. Median cercus one- quarter longer than the body, or nearly as long as the antenne ; lateral cerci nearly one-third as long as the median cercus. From a perfect specimen were taken the following measurements of relative lengths : body, 8; antenne, 11; median cercus, 10; lateral cerci, 3. The scales are so variable in size and form as to be of no specific value, at least in this species; the cuticular figures, however (fig. 58), will assist in distinguishing this form. Length, 8 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 5433, U. S. Nat. Museum. Nine types: three, Muir Glacier (‘‘hillside to right”), June 11, 1899 (No. 68); five, Popof Island, 1899 (Nos. 59, 66); one, Sitka, June, 1899 (No. 61). I have found no species to which JZ. arctica is closely allied. Its most distinctive characters are the relative lengths of body, antenne and cerci, the coloration of the head, form and position of the eyes and the color and form of the antennal and palpal segments. 102 FOLSOM [104] BIBLIOGRAPHY. Absolon, K. 1900 Studie o jeskynnich SupinuSkdach [Studies on Moravian Cave Aptery- gota]. WVéstnik Klubu pYir Prostéjove, R. 3, pp. 5-39, figs. 1-24, 1 pl. Becher, E. 1886 Insekten von Jan Mayen. Beob. Ergeb., bd. 3, pp. 59-66, pl. 5. Bourlet. 1839 Mémoire sur les Podures. Mém. soc. sc. agric. arts Lille, pt. I, pp. 377-417, I pl. 1841-2 Mémoire sur les Podurelles. Mém. soc. agric. etc. Nord. Sep., 1843, Douai, 78 pp., 1 pl. Carpenter, G. H. and Evans, W. 1899 The Collembola and Thysanura of the Edinburgh District. Proc. r. phys. soc. Edinburgh, vol. 14, pp. 221-266, pls. 5-8. Carpenter, G. H. 1900 Collembola from Franz-Josef Land. Sc. proc. r. Dublin soc., vol. 9 (n. s.). pt. 3,.pp. 271-278, 18 figs. Dalla Torre, K. W. v. 1895 Die Gattungen und Arten der Apterygogenea (Brauer). Sep. 46 Prog. k. k. St.-Gym. Innsbruck, 23 pp. Fabricius, 0. 1780 Fauna Groenlandica, pp. 211-214. Hafniae et Lipsie. Gervais, P. 1844 In Walckenaer, Histoire naturelle des insectes aptéres, t. 3, pp. 377-456, atlas pls. 50-52. Paris. Gmelin, J. F. 1788-93 In Linné, Systema Nature, ed. 13. Lipsie. Kieffer, J. J. 1900 Beitrag zur Kenntniss der um Bitsch vorkommenden Collembolen. Berl. ent. Zeits., bd. 45, hft. 1-2, pp. 113-114. Lie-Pettersen, 0. J. 1897. Norges Collembola. Bergens mus. aarb. (1896), no. 8, 24 pp., 2 pls. 1898 Apterygogenea in Sogn und Nordfjord 1897 u. 1898 eingesammelt. Bergens mus. aarb., no. 6, 18 pp., 1 pl. Linnezus, C. 1746 Fauna Suecica, ed. 1, pp. 342-344. Stockholmize. 1761 Fauna Suecica, ed. 2, pp. 472-474. Stockholmiz. Lubbock, J. 1862 Notes on the Thysanura. Pt.2. Trans. Linn. soc. Lond., vol. 23, pt. 3, pp- 589-601, pl. 59. 1873. Monograph of the Collembola and Thysanura, 255 jpp., 78 pls. London. [105 ] APTERYGOTA 103 MacGillivray, A. D 189t A Catalogue of the Thysanura of North America, Can. Ent., vol. 23, pp- 267-276. 1896 The American Species of Isotoma. Can. Ent., vol. 28, pp. 47-58. Meinert, F. 1897. Neuroptera, Pseudoneuroptera, Thysanopoda, Mallophaga, Collembola, Suctoria, Siphunculata, Groenlandica. Vidensk. Med. naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn (1896), pp. 167-173. Muller, 0. F. 1776 Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, pp. 183-184. Havnie. Nicolet, H. 1841 Recherches pour servir 4 Vhistoire des Podurelles. Extr. nouv. mém. soc. helv. sc. nat., vol. 6, 84 pp., 9 pls. 1847 Essai sur une classification des insectes apteres de l’ordre des Thysan- oures. Ann. soc. ent. France, sér. 2, t. 5, pp. 335-395; pls. 5, 6. Oudemans, J. T. 18g0 Apterygota des Indischen Archipels. Weber, Zodl. Ergeb., bd. 1, hft. I, pp- 73-92, taf. 6,7. Leiden. Packard, A. S. 1873 Synopsis of the Thysanura of Essex County, Mass., with Descriptions of a few extralimital forms. Fifth ann. rept. trust. Peab. acad., pp. 23-51. Parona, C. 1875 Delle Poduridi e specialmente di quelle raccolte a Pavia. Ann. sc. r. ist. tec. Pavia, pp. 87-119, 2 pls. 1878 Collembola. Saggio di un Catalogo delle Poduridi italiane. Atti. soc ital. sc. Nat., VOl. 21, pp. $59-O1L-), Sepss 53. PD: 1883 Di alcune Collembola e Thysanura raccolte dal Professore P. M. Ferrari, con cenno corologico delle Collembola e Thysanura italiane. Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Geneva, vol. 18, pp. 453-464. 1888 Res Ligustice VI. Collembole e Tisanuri finora riscontrate in Liguria. Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Genova, ser. 2, vol, 6 (26), pp. 133-154, tav. Tens Reuter, 0. M. 1891 Podurider fran nordvestra Sibirien, samlade af J. R. Sahlberg. Ofv. finsk. vet. soc. forh., bd. 33, pp. 226-229. 1895 Apterygogenea Fennica. Acta soc. faun. flora fenn., bd. 11, no. 4, pp. 1-35, taf. I, 2. Schaffer, C. 1896 Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg und benachbarter Gebiete. Mitt. naturh. mus. Hamburg., jhg. 13, pp. 147-216, taf. 1-4. 1898 Die Collembola des Bismarck-Archipel nach der Ausbeute von Prof. F. Dahl. Arch. Naturg., jhg. 64, bd. 1, hft. 3, pp. 393-425, taf. 11, 12. Igo0a Die arktischen und subarktischen Collembola. Fauna Arctica, bd. 1, lief. 2, pp. 257-258. 19008 Ueber wiirttembergische Collembola. Jahreshefte. Vereins vaterl. Naturk. Wiirttemberg, bd. 56, pp. 245-280, taf. 6. 104 FOLSOM [106] Scherbakof, A. M. 1898a Einige Bemerkungen iiber Apterygogenea, die bei Kiew 1896-1897 gefunden wurden. Zool. Anz., bd. 21, pp. 57-65, 9 figs. 18984 [Materials for the apterygogenea fauna in the vicinity of Kief.] 31 pp-,3 pls. Kief. (In Russian.) 1899@ Zur Collembolen-Fauna Spitzbergens. Zool. Anz., bd. 22, p. 47, 3 figs. 18994 [Collembola.] 6pp.,1pl. Kief. Schott, H. 18g Nyanordiska Collembola. Ent. tidsk., arg. 12, pp. 191-192, 2 figs. 1894 Zur systematik und verbreitung palzarctischer Collembola. Kongl. sven. vet. akad. hand., bd. 25, no. 11, 100 pp., 7 pls. 1896 North American Apterygogenea. Proc. Cal. acad. sc., ser. 2, vol. 6, pp- 169-196, pls. 16-18. Témésvary, O. 1882 Adatok hazdnk Thysanura-faundjahoz. Math. term. kézlem, Magyar Ak., vol. 18, pp. 119-130, 1 pl. Tullberg, T. 1871 Fdérteckning éfver Svenska Podurider. Ofy.k. vet. akad. férh., arg. 28, no. I, pp. 143-155. 1872 Sveriges Podurider. K. sven. vet. akad. hand., bd. 10, no. 10, 70 pp. 12 pls. 1876 Collembola borealia. Ofy. k. vet. akad. férh., arg. 33, no. 5, pp. 23-42, taf. 8-11. Uzel, J. 189i Thysanura Bohemiae. Sitzber. k. béh. Gesell. Wiss., bd. 2, pp. 3-82, tates 2: Wahlgren, E. 1899 Ueber die von der Schwedischen Polarexpedition 1898 gesammelten Collembolen. Ofy. k. vet. akad. férh., arg. 56, no. 4, pp. 335-340. 1899 Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Collembola-Fauna der Ausseren Schiren. Ent. tidsk., arg. 20, hft. 2-3, pp. 183-193. Pare a i” yn ce mie me ae es rr te cv Mine ies re e r . ak na ree a Aes i 1 ery wa : alte ‘ oa ip. ce | a i bl ah in a : . Ais Ut mn A i hy : nih \ anne ah A : aoe +) ee oe rar ; ee ee 7 _ ny hi nat v . i fv i > % Mtl vet Wiehe thas dial : ee te ae : ‘ Me , - : nei Sa ate : raven ea) Mae yi one ay ean as es th oe Oe op = < yy f i ar. * y : a ee) 4 : teeny hae / he 7 : ih’ 7 1 Rl rod Aes oe i ; gy = ec 7 a7 ‘e - a ain i cnn aha et ae ‘i i ie ; ue es a "ya : / . : 1 sai a } “ Magia 7 ae . 7 . ia - ay yi ; To) ee an et roan) ee oo a Vs oe) nt Tae iy " ‘Y ay Ya Larne iy ae ; Vi ; Ty: aie : / ae i? a x eae * / 74 as y 7 oe Ay ACT reins. De a " i eed. aa Nan Pa - ay te, Des Ay Hits els oe de iy ce Bee, re “a t 7 i . ching a y aa a ie eye a Wve ate: Bd yay an ; ry v e bint 1M ne mien 'F - u wie Ki a io fine al + ae iia ar a | vl ‘ne ‘i ae ‘ ns: ae i a ie at ie ae y a ‘ iy c ¥ an | 7 | ona Mit ; es j eo bi PY Be i : Sandi 3 a : i i S | ; : a i x idee sila, al ae eats ae aire , iy ; et 5 a PLATE Vi. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, PI. IV.] Fic. 1. Neanura gigantea Tull. (X 20). 2, “ — ornata, sp. nov. (X 60). 3. Anurida amorita, sp. nov. (X 18). 4. Isotoma viridis Bourl., type (X 13)- Be es i : var. arctica Schott (X 12). [108] (106) (PR. WASH. A. S., IV, PL. V H. A. E. VOL, Vill, PLATE FOLSOM, DEL. HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. akin WTR RE) i Mat oie oe ee ey Wy eee yt mg 7 io 7% I a) ant ie j vet ay ra my eee) ti, Aa, Rye * 40 ab % - i i i iw See ih ie Mia av prea . ore ae, 7 : a, . iy 7 i oe i, ee a | ; ae! a, it im U5 re ee: ny Mh bs ee Ty ie ne ie if - ; bth - i =i 4 de 4 Fe ay a PLATE VII. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, Pl. V.] Fic. 6. Machilis arctica, sp. nov. (8). 7. ae as ee) ss) Vantenna.(o< 30). Seore wie + th A lett maxillary palpus ‘(<< 30). 9. - es «right labial palpus (X 30). 10. s ee SS lett midleg (30). (108) E. VOL. Vill, PLATE Vil A A. H. INivaitesterer Vel BOSTON. HELIOTYPE CO., Eee FOLSOM, A APTERYGOTA ASK / AL Sia | Al ee Rae OY iehes r on Terme ao ; NRC EUR orn ete pre * ti} a fi : r ae Tai ‘1 - @ =e % mY — ‘ar = ven —7 me td) ou a a ane wag? y she 7 A rs [ = nt ‘DR alts > “it ee ye 6 i er ie 4 ieee oi ee i a beh Lies ae ie i i e wie ion tyne 4 icy Bp Ty i : a i sa) a ee ih ge ha ie nn i, he ii ot PA a lee ay | ee ie i mk Th oy 4s Lis te ule is baa it iD mee > ao ee ? va a ene ae ary aVa ay, wets 4 BEY i “an a 7 ie Ore =f. Sh AN rl aay ( Fic PLATE, “Vill [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, Pl. VI.] 11. Meanura gigantea Tull.; eyes of left side (X 127). U2. a # ‘© left postantennal organ (X 434). 13 ae ss ‘¢ left aspect of hind foot (99). 14. as ornata sp. nov.; head; eyes indicated by e, e, e (99). re a Kb se KC leftaspect, of left-antenna (>< 127). 16. & ee | SS ventral aspect of head (>< Go): 17. 3 ce. st St “metanotal sete (>< 434). 18. ce ce st sright aspect of left fore foot (x 367).- 19. Anurida amorita sp. nov.; eyes and postantennal organ of right side (X 200). 20. Anurida amorita sp. nov.; left postantennal organ ( 434). 2s es of [Tecate oat ss “OR 434) ..~ (igs. 20 and 21 are from the same individual.) 22. Anurida amorita sp. nov.; dorsal aspect of right antennal organ (X 367). 23. Anurida amorita sp. nov.; left mid foot (> 200) 24. vd as “right aspect of right fore foot (X 300). [112] (110) [PR. WASH. A. S., IV, PL. VI] Ee Aw ER VOL: NIN; (BEATE Vill 24. LIOT Oo FOLSOM, DEL. HELIOTYPE CO. a 2 mnt i) ern ‘eee Vee ne ee ae oe ee os i ioe yt a GR a Tuy . PY ae AehE ae ines or 7 a baicus ores ay hae on = Wa" ne Pe er eC 4 an ie Are ai is A ae _ irs in ra vi hy, ans iar) ae Oe . | 7) 7 ye i aene ‘} alk NS . fn Se a? & Jat Rare hays 1%. i. d rae is ae ce a ee Oe 175 oi so Oe ‘a . by - ah. ab §, ae er a ay / Gi cit - ates oS oe i . a Na irs +e ie 4 ean ih a 4 hes 7 et Te eat cLs ey i; ‘ wR a ye i ha 7A vo ms as i Aner 7 . Pe bi, 7 ae rie ve a er Pe iy J a, s iat AED ys a i ie oy oe ey AN mie as te et gle A wi ae ee ane a 1 - - OTe) 6 oe 5. i : 7 : 7 cy ra aw a oe 7 7 ve oe ii / Hee AI er i eho ee 7 . oi" oe Ree oe Eo wey ia mae ee i ie 7 es 3 Pils | 2 cn el a re ig - Bie ae oa ae a Ag re ae cre | - ol ee 7 Hane cay ies oe ah Aare ye . a ee Sua, nae Le iy in af ae “ ge vy. a ae Bir ee UR i m7 Pe! " 9, ; eau : VORA Sh? ee iy if oe : a vy Fx vee eS ; fan > oe A! en fis nee : “ re ae i‘ we ‘ey , ie. i ney rao 4 a: ae a, arent \. ao ; i oe af ar oA pee rat a Lain ted au) Ba ae 8 M mo | Vers Aa - fe ahi . 1 oes aol r if an, a y [ te y : a . Ra ; vin ¥ via a. 1 ve ' Ne ¥ a Noe P | ‘a 6; 23 = ts 7 = Sea 7“ LU ve a ae! am | , ns ; uy 7 ee ‘J ¥ ; ites * ie oy a oe " - a 7 ta poe 8 i aes i 7 a ft oie av oe ue a 7 eet i? i,t ce Sey acim Weel a a iy “a. 7 en eee . “ 7 an 7 : = mg | (tN Ss a Vee fe ft i a? SP, . Te ‘ : : ie o my n 4 : "ae fee 1 _ oa my A a ery PT ay i we My ee: ‘a i : a4) boxy : yy) ay aes Y i os ve 3 mS na 2 7 : : 5 » i : i ae 0 7 xe im eK, om a Care SL Ba nit ie at My gi art 4h Hes ni a ee my ee: i on ee if oh “ a eon wina ? eit . By Ne : cat he Ske Ts) ey y ae 7 ar qi, a ie ae Vane ive ae a i vt x ie Nin , a. ee f Ea a a ue 7 4 vee AM he a Ae uy tela ie ae a ay ie te iat y f ‘Oe * i ‘ .y ; ss a aN) Wika ewe ‘= agen - : y ee | ic ry Pia) =). eo (i , 7. cs guest oes ayes ‘- i oy oT y ee we 7 a OOF ah Ole “a zi cs, \liTo Sialic bl cake (Md aa is sas he a ” 7 Mi o- ee ig ‘ a . PLATE Xx: [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, Pl. VII.) Fic. 25. Aphorura octopunctata Tull.; right postantennal organ, etc. ( X 367). 26. He ‘« dorsal aspect of right antennal organ (X 434)- 27. Aphorura octopunctata Tull.; left aspect of left hind foot ( > 367). 28. Se a ‘¢ left aspect of left anal spine ( X 357). 29. ‘* dentata sp. nov.; represents arrangement of dorsal pseudo- celli ( X 20). 30. Aphorura dentata sp. nov.; right postantennal organ (XX 434). 31. ss «ee deeper structure of postantennal organ CX 434)- 32. Aphorura dentata sp. nov.; base of right antenna (> 127). 33- es oe dorsal aspect of right antennal organ (X 434). 34 Aphorura dentata sp. nov.; left aspect of right hind foot ( X< 200). ahs ce (ct st dorsal aspect ‘of analispines (x: 200) 36. us 46 6 right aspect of right anal spine ( X 200). 37. Isotoma fimetaria (L.) Tull; antenna ( X 60). 30sw ee: se ee ‘* left aspect of right hind foot (XX 434). - 39- as “ tf «left mucro (>< 434). 40. ‘¢ viridis Bourl., var. arctica Schott; eyes and postantennal or- gan of right side ( X 200). 41. Zsotoma viridis Bourl., var. arctica Schott; left aspect of left fore foot (CX 200). 42. Lsotoma viridis Bourl., var. arctica Schott; right aspect of right mucro ( X 434). [114] (112) U 1) S., Vv, Je. Vill YL. Vill, PLATE IX ee : 3 $ * cs . FOLSOM, DEL 5 7 / hse ery co nyt i ate: aly et c i, ie, mai ue yee ; ah rN) 7 ies vi % : Divs ey ae ae Mae Payne : 4 i sy F a a gare ; pon a ae a Ae i Peay en ; . i Ve aa ash 7 na! ve ' oka - Wis cla m-- rs Sip ee Say > and ate on Hp 7 er ya pi uo ~ : Parte * 4, o Axo | F + wt 7 7 7 ; io Ne Me i 7 ay : ; a Dee PA Geo i tek | ; { ia : oo : 7 i < ; 7 5 xy vs ; i Past nis AS ite ort ie ay 5 ae ao ae - Ways ere mare: ‘ one th ie, Wis J — ae es Be ey nm A a yee: Peas 1 Rey ee ey eS ee ie ‘ 7 *S » >» . £ oe a ee - ro Che ie AE Y >; ai, : / dos = ee 7 - 7 — 4 ee FS : a © 8 Ae ey Rice ee ae € ieee 3 Ra eugene Ree ieee Be ais ae ie ee a Ae ei J EA 7 precy, Bi 7 - os , Se ee i.e a > wae ei ro a : Mi) og Sak Seep Wes APE, +) a ie ay Fe v ae ‘ol > aan ie See oe 1 : a : A AP ee mn i. ' 2 9 ‘ +. ea) « me sa oe ‘te a 2 ty te am 1 viene as au ' ia fi APY Ay Ln) Sy en AY ao 7 =e es bak em so aK a a a PEATE MIX: [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, Pl. VIII.] Fic. 43. Extomobrya kincaidi sp. nov.; eyes of right side (< 374). 44. e 4 ¢ «deft aspect of left hind foot (434): 45- as 6 “ce “left aspect of left mucro (>< 434). 46. Tomocerus niger Bourl., type; right aspect of right fore foot (XX 367). 47- ce we i «« dental spines (X 200). 48. ‘ ts os var. arcticus Schott ; eyes of right side ( 367). 49 30 fe os ce wes ‘« right aspect of left hind foot (X 367). 50. Tomocerus niger Bourl., var. arcticus Schott ; dental spines (> 200). 5I. a cs a eS ce oe doubled dental spines (X 200). 52. ZLomocerus niger Bourl., var. arcticus Schott; dental spines slightly ab- normal (> 200). 53. Tomocerus niger Bourl., var. americanus Schott; dental spines (> 200). 54. Papirius palmatus sp. nov.; eyes of left side (X 127). 55. ee “s ¢ Wilettiaspect ior left hind foot((>< 367). 56. ee ee se 6* -Teft aspect of left mucro, etc. (X 200). 57. Machilis arctica sp. noy.; dorsal aspect of head ( 28). 58. og oc «86 cuticular fcure (x 434). [116] (114) _ A. E. VOL. Vill, PLATE X [PR. WASH. A. S., IV, PL. Vil] HELIOTYPE CO. a en Penh ye we Owed ‘5 ve ahh eh eae ne A ay oF aM is Fant ate SoG i cia ae tie i” va Pere a ae beac Ay v Die i Pry oar fh rine is a0 i ie rT v a i fy, "ee a iy 7m j conte Te wa ¥ a a), —_ : " a) i tke 4 iO" ep . Ba aie . a hin. an war ewe ; mr Loeetelll “Gh if, Bei mae 5 TS eae ane? ee on ees a. cane) ee nd Magee Ms) ye ae Te ee # af ae Par Dot 7 Wi oe if ; i ou A j I ey es Ls a -s i a o 4 : - a on eo “—o - aor a ae, rin i: 7 - a : 7 : aa we rp ee cial - be he eeag et : ore Yc dete D i ne é: 2 a re ee ie + , . , . Monn) rc os PE ey AR? : : - - 7 ; oes, , nT A i oP ew Was a oe - pe ms Leas as 7 iy a oe > Ta yaa ira: et at 7 hae as vile a ay, ro ry a a mt 7 gi : > 7 ss a ‘“ ee ‘ af Le ey f : } We H a * ~) ‘rr ~ mali ie 5 7%] ei. on "ae - eae : ee ci. : yf _ al aa a ” F ry - oy yo gery ees -™ A 7 : Z 7 ¥ bs 7 M] ry r . is hha e 9¥ ey ct , ar ye ae: ny a: cc, ae) ees | ; 5 me ae, Bae: e iyi eee Pe a iia Bie « ae ak a lg my: Poe la oa Bate ee eS . hae HN, ane, vt a) : fo oe hae Mig as Ca AY i eles Sy on ~ a ae” & 7a re yam ae, aA tiie} a ; {Wt i Ca ed MA al ra Soe in a be = A 8 7 “a sei : r aie is, a oa al ain aie i al icine wv Ve arts! met an wi Tay. Lo ees Sh ae ei Cane ‘ta she sh + as baa oe as a a i Sy ve see) ne ties Le ae ; ey ah sae a i. ' : i} ¥ - a Uigieaicy ae =, pir ee Fi ; i cia ¢ nae oa ‘ooh - aa, ; ea Wook ty 7 dar eee a ptt | ‘oo, 1 t A > : [= - 7 oe a> "3 Te. Lae 7 t . yy, _ o ‘ 9 7 - : ys ‘hy? - 4 at - i an . » = cr 4h 4 ; ae 7 a. > ; woe tote Ae yeaa are ee aes eee hee oq : Pak nee ie 7: T+ alee Sea Jemlk 4 basal Lid uli - 7 eS —— -a =: i = td Abe nn ps By o - ‘ia es i Us i si em wf es. ; J val Mid ac is iD a) ” er , ea ; wil hl si ijkl is " ioe a wis iii nt oa cui ve eal Mis bi aid te ge Neks Si Di sie oe me ee eo ew 4a OR PEO Poy RAS © heer Eh ie PEDIETION (115) The following paper on the Orthoptera of the Expedition, by A. N. Caudell, Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. 11, pp. 511-512, Dec. 20, 1900. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [512]; while the consecu- tive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy’s Proceedings and the original title, which was: Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. xv. Entomological Results (9): Orthoptera. No other alterations have been made. EDITOR. (116) ORTHOPTERA OF THE EXPEDITION BY A. N. CAUDELL TuE large collection of insects obtained during the Harri- man Alaska Expedition by Professor Kincaid contained only a single species of Orthoptera, as follows: Melanoplus borealis Fieber. Melanoplus borealis FIEBER, Lotos, II, p. 120, 1853.—SCUDDER, Rev. Mela- nop., p. 270, 1897. Professor Kincaid secured five adults, three males and two females, and nine nymphs, at Kukak Bay, Alaska Peninsula (July 3, 1899). They were all taken within a few feet of a small pool ina sphagnum swamp. This pool, which was about ten feet in diameter, was surrounded by a miscellaneous vege- tation, in which the locusts lived. The specimens were cap- tured by causing them to leap into the water, when they were easily secured. They were preserved in spirits. A large scope of country surrounding this spot was carefully gone over by the collector during the succeeding fortnight and many similar pools visited, but not another locust was seen. This would in- dicate that this species is quite local in its occurrence. [511] G17) 118 CAUDELL [512] The nymphs, which are apparently in the last stage, usually have the outer surface of the posterior femora wholly black on the basal two-thirds, generally relieved by two oblique pale bands, and the inner surface marked by two oblong fuscous spots. This species has been recorded from the Northern United States, Labrador, Greenland, and Norway. ACP EVD DAS OG ir ee PEDITION (119) The following paper on the Aphidide of the Expedition, by Theo. Pergande, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Wash- ington Academy of Sciences, vol. 11, pp. 513-517, Dec. 20, 1900. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [514]; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy’s Proceedings and the original title, which was: Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. xvi, En- tomological fesults (10): Aphidide. No other alterations have been made. EpiTor. (120) APHIDIDZ OF THE EXPEDITION BY THEO. PERGANDE Tuis paper is based upon a small collection of plant lice ob- tained in Alaska by Professor Trevor Kincaid during the Har- riman Expedition in 1899. The material thus brought together comprises four species, one of them European, while the remaining three appear to be new; at least I failed to identify them with any of our described forms. Itis greatly to be regretted that the migratory female was obtained with only two of them, that no colorational notes were made of the living insects before immersion in alcohol, and that no attempt was made to ascertain the name of the host plants on which they were feeding. The descriptions of the new species will therefore be rather defective and incomplete, though I hope they will enable future students to recognize them. NECTAROPHORA CAUDATA sp. nov. Winged viviparous female: general color apparently green or yel- lowish green. Antenne black; the two basal joints dusky, their base and base of the third pale. Eyes brown. The head, a somewhat lunate spot at the posterior margin of the prothorax, the mesothoracic [513] (121) 122 PERGANDE [514] lobes and sternal plate, posterior margin of the scutellum, two small roundish spots on the metathorax, a transverse row of three small linear spots on the first abdominal segment, a narrow, transverse band about the middle of the abdomen, a dorso-lateral row of three trans- verse spots in front of and two smaller spots between the nectaries of a brownish or dusky coloration. Legs brownish yellow, base of femora greenish yellow; both the femora and tibiz change gradually to a darker brown towards the apex. Tarsiblack. Nectaries and tail concolorous with the abdomen, with tip of nectaries blackish. The wings were very much mutilated, though the subcosta appears to have been green- ish or greenish yellow at base and shading gradually to brownish yel- low towards the stigma, which appears to have been greenish or yel- lowish green; veins black. Length of body about 3.4 mm.; expanse of wings about 10 mm.; length of antenne almost 4 mm.; of the nectaries nearly 0.4 mm. ; and of the tail a little overo.2 mm. The two basal joints of the antenne, as usual, shortest, each of them slightly over 0.1 mm., the first one being slightly the longest; the third joint measures 0.8 mm. in length, the fourth nearly 0.7, the fifth a little over 0.5 mm., and the sixth with its spur 1.2 mm. in length. The hairs of the antenne and abdomen are very short, simple and sparse, while those of the tibia are prom- inent and spine-like. The nectaries are slightly tapering and much shorter than usual in this genus, not reaching to the end of the body, while the tail is unusually broad and but slightly constricted beyond the middle. Apterous female: General coloration similar to that of the winged form; eyes brown, antennz black, the two basal joints pale, the third joint brownish. Legs and nectaries brownish yellow, base of femora greenish, apex of the tibia, of the nectaries and the tarsi black. There are no markings on the abdomen, except a dorso-lateral row of five or six minute, impressed, dusky dots each side in front of the nectaries. Length, 3.6 to 4 mm. to the tip of the tail; antenne rather short, barely reaching to nectaries and about 3 mm. in length. The third joint measures almost 0.7 mm., the fourth somewhat over o.4 mm., the fifth o.4 mm., and the sixth with its spur o.8 mm. in length. There are from one to four small sensoria a little above the base of the third joint. The nectaries and tail are subequal in length, or with the tail, as in some specimens, distinctly longer than the nectaries; the tail measures about 0.4 mm. in length and is much broader than in the winged form. The winged form of this species resembles, on account of the mark- [515] APHIDID& 124 ings of its abdomen, Wectarophora granaria Kirby; it is, however, larger, with much shorter nectaries and much broader tail, while the apterous form, on account of the short nectaries comes near /Vectaro- phora fulve Oestl., though it is considerably larger and differs be- sides in the conspicuously broad tail. Taken at Juneau, Alaska. Type.—Cat. no. 5274, U. S. National Museum. NECTAROPHORA INSULARIS sp. nov. Apterous female: General color evidently green. Eyes brown; antenne black, the two basal joints, and the basal two-thirds or more of joints three and four pale. Legs pale, the coxe brown, apex of tibiw, the tarsi and the tip of nectaries dusky to black. The body is marked with a subdorsal row of nine small dusky spots, of which those on the prothorax and mesothorax are elongated; there are also two me- diodorsal spots on the metathorax; four still smaller dorso-lateral spots in front of nectaries and four minute ventro-lateral spots. In some of the immature specimens the nectaries are almost black. Length of body to tip of tail 3 to 3.4 mm., antenne rather long, reaching to or beyond tip of tail and about 4 mm. in length. Length of nectaries 0.7 to 0.8 mm.; tail about 0.3 mm. Length of third an- tennal joint about 0.7 mm.; fourth joint 0.6 mm.; fifth jointo.5 mm., and the sixth, with its spur, 2 to 3 mm. in length, the spur being much longer than joint three. The first joint is very stout and almost twice the length of the second; the third joint is provided with one to three small sensoria near its base. Nectaries slender, slightly tapering and curving outwards. Hairs of antenne minute and simple, those of the tibiz stout and spine-like, a few of them sometimes slightly thickened at the tip. This species resembles somewhat Wectarophora pist Kalt., but is much larger, the legs shorter and stouter, the nectaries shorter and the tail broader. Obtained on St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Type.—Cat. no. 5275, U. S. National Museum. NECTAROPHORA EPILOBII sp. nov. Apterous female: Color apparently dark reddish or brownish. Eyes brown. Head, antennz, nectaries, coxz, terminal third of fem- ora and tibiz, the tarsi and anal lobes black, remaining parts of legs dark yellowish; tail yellow. There is a black or dusky band on the 124 PERGANDE [516] prothorax and mesothorax, a longitudinal dusky mark each side of the mesothoracic band, transverse rows of minute black dots on the abdo- men, and a large black spot at the base of the nectaries posteriorly. Length of body, exclusive of the tail, 3 to 3.4 mm. Length of an- tenne 3.5 mm.; nectaries 0.7 mm.; tail 0.6 mm. The third joint of the antenne measures 1.2 mm.; the fourth joint 0.6 mm.; the fifth o.5 mm., and the sixth, with its spur, 1.2 mm. The third antennal joint is provided with a row of nine to ten prom- inent sensorial tubercles near its basal one-third. Nectaries stout and tapering; tail prominent, almost as long as nectaries, densely covered with sharp points and provided each side with five or six small notches, which give rise to a fine, long and curved hair. Hairs of an- tennz and legs stout and spine-like, those of the body rather long, slender and simple. In general appearance this species resembles very much /Vectaro- Dhora millefolit Fab., but is larger and not so hairy as that species. Found upon a species of “Azlodzum on Popof Island, Alaska. Type.—Cat. no. 5276, U. S. National Museum. CLADOBIUS POPULEUS Kalt. Cladobius populeus KALT., Monog. d. Pflanzenl., 1, p. 116, 1843. (Aphzs.) While studying this handsome species and comparing it with the descriptions by Kaltenbach and Koch, I became convinced that it was identical with that described by these authors, notwithstanding both of them speak of the nectaries as being cylindrical, whereas, in fact, they are clavate. This error, or discrepancy was evidently due to the fact that the nectaries of this and probably some other species of this genus are rather more slender than usual and when being carried parallel to the sides of the abdomen, appears to be more or less dis tinctly cylindrical, whereas, in projecting obliquely from the sides of the body their clavate character becomes quite plain. In many of the species of this genus the nectaries are unusually robust and conspic- uously clavate, while in others this character becomes less and less pronounced and may easily lead to errors. Besides this oversight, Koch made evidently additional errors while drawing up his diagnosis of this genus, which, no doubt, was due to impaired eyesight. One of the most notable instances is his statement that joints four to six are of nearly equal length and that the, so-called, seventh joint is very small; in reality joints four, five, and the spur, or seventh joint, are, as stated by Kaltenbach, subequal in length, [517] APHIDIDE 125 whereas, as is usual in the higher groups of Aphidinz, the sixth joint is shorter than either of these joints, and, since our Alaska insect agrees in coloration and other important characters, excepting the nectaries, with Kaltenbach’s description, I take it for granted that it belongs to the same species. It may be of interest in this connection to point out that Ptero- comma pilosa Buckton, belongs also to this genus and that his Pterocomma has to be dropped. In examining the type specimen of Pterocomma pilosa, which had been kindly loaned me by Dr. Buckton for study, I was surprised to find that the principal char- acter, the peculiar shape of the wings, on which this genus was founded, does not exist, but that it was the result of poor preparation, by which a peculiar fold along the third discoidal vein was formed, which can be readily traced by gently focusing this part of the wing. It is quite possible that his species may belong to the same species; at least, it appears to come very near to it. Additional studies of other genera with more or less distinctly clavate nectaries have convinced me that the genus JZelanoxanthus Buck- ton has also to be dropped and that it must be made a synonym of Cladobius. ‘The clavate character of the nectaries in different species varies considerably, so that it frequently may happen that the clavate character of rather slender nectaries is overlooked, especially if they lay parallel with, or close to the abdomen. The general appearance, however, of these insects, their rather large size, strong pilosity of the body and its members and the minute, blunt tail, will not fail, even if the exact shape of the nectaries cannot be ascertained, to assign them to their proper position. The synonymy of this genus will therefore read: CLADOBIUS Koch. Melanoxanthus Buckton. Pterocomma Buckton. 0 HOMOPTERA OF ALASK” (127) . ante rae 5 " es " iY ie Mm we ee THE HOMOPTERA OF ALASKA BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD INTRODUCTION Tue insects of the suborder Homoptera found in Alaska, in comparison with those in the other orders taken by the Harri- man Expedition, are few in number and somewhat disappoint- ing, although they add considerably to our knowledge of the Alaska fauna. Few species of rhynchotous insects have been recorded from this territory, and our knowledge is most meager. Dr. C. Stal, in a paper entitled ‘ Beitrag zur Hemipteren- Fauna Siberiens und des Russischen Nord-Amerika,’ pub- lished in 1858,’ was the first to record any species from Alaska. In this contribution Dr. Stal enumerated, in all, 113 species, of which only thirteen came from Alaska, and nearly all of these were collected at Sitka. Substantially, this was all that was known of the fauna up to the date of the Harriman Expedition. Some of the Rhynchota taken by the Expedition have already been reported upon: (1) The Heteroptera, by O. Heideman; (2) the Psyllide, by E. A. Schwarz; and (3) the 1Stettin. ent. Zeitg., xx, 1858. (129) 130 ASHMEAD Aphidide, by Theo. Pergande. In studying the remaining un- worked material I have here followed my usual plan, and shall give a complete list of all the species in the suborder Homoptera now known to occur in Alaska, arranged in systematic order. In all, twenty-four species are known in this suborder, ar- ranged under five families and thirteen genera. Of the species, four have a wide distribution in Europe and North America, namely, Zuacanthus acuminatus (Fabr.), Deltocephalus abdomr- nalis (Fabr.), Czcadula sexnotata (Fallen), and C. fascitfrons (Stal), and will ultimately be found to occur in northern Asia. Cicadula leta (Uhler) occurs in Colorado and Labrador. SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT. Order RHYNCHOTA. Suborder Homoptera. Superfamily “ULGORO/DEA Ashmead.' Family DELPHACIDA. Genus Delphax Fabricius. DELPHAX STEJNEGERI Ashmead. Delphax stejnegert ASHM., Fur Seals and Fur Seal Isl., Iv, 340, 1899. Type.—Cat. No. 4046, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea. Additional specimens from Metlakatla, June 4; Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, July 8; Farragut Bay, June 5. This species was originally described from a single female specimen taken by Dr. L. Stejneger on Bering Island. Several specimens were taken by the Harriman Expedition, among which are two brachyp- terous males that differ from the female as follows: Length 2.4mm. The face, except the frontal and the clypeal carine, the scutellum, except the carine and the extreme lateral and posterior margins, the depressions on the sides of the pronotum, the mesopleura, except laterally and the sutures, the mesonotum, most of the cox and most of the abdomen, except the first and second sutures and some- times the extreme lateral margins of dorsal segments, the extreme upper edges of the pygofers and the circular disk, surrounding the cerci, which are pale yellowish, are black; otherwise, except in the usual sexual difference, it agrees with the female. 1The Superfamily Cicadoidea is not yet reported from Alaska, but undoubtedly has representatives in the interior. HOMOPTERA Ea DELPHAX HEMIPTERUS Germar. Delphax hemiptera GERMAR, Svensk. vet. Akad. handl., 24, 1844.—GER- MAR, Mag. d. Ent., Iv, 50, 1822.—SrAL, Ofvers. kongl. vet. Akad. forh., VII, 194, 1851. Sitka. Superfamily /ASSO/DEZA Van Duzee. Family BYTHOSCOPIDA. Genus Idiocerus Lewis. IDIOCERUS STRIOLA Fieber. Idiocerus striola FIEBER, Verh. zo6l.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xv1II, 453, 1868.— VAN DuZEE, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, 262, 1894. Sitka. Family CERCOPIDA. Subfamily APHROPHORINA. Genus Aphrophora Germar. APHROPHORA CORTICEA (Germar). Cercopis corticea GERMAR, Mag. d. Ent., Iv, 50, 1821. Aphrophora corticea BOHEMAN, kongl. vet. Akad. handl., 24, 1847.—STAL, Stettin. ent. Zeitg., xIx, 197, 1854; Die Cicad., 64, 1868.—J. SAHLBERG, Nat. Fenn., x11, 80, 1871.—MELICHAR, Cicad. v. Mittel. Eur., 119, 1896. Sitka. Subfamily 72 7T777GONIINZ. Tribe Tettigoniini. Genus Euacanthus Lepeletier et Serville. EUACANTHUS ACUMINATUS (Fabricius). Cicada acuminata FaBR., Syst. Rhyng., 76, 1803.—FALLEN, Hem. Suec., 11, 29, 1826.—HERR.-SCHAEF., Nom. Ent., 67, 1835. Tettigonia acuminata FALLEN, D. Ins., I, 1805-1806. Euacanthus acuminatus KIRSCHBAUM, Cicad. Wiesb. u. Frankf., 73, 1868.— FiLor., Rhync. Liol., 11, 152, 1861. — J. SAHLBERG, Nat. Fenn., x11, 108, 1868. — EDWARDS, Syn. Brit. Hemop., 1, 1886. — MELICHAR, Cicad. Hem.-Homop. Mitkl. Europ., 179., 1896. Amblycephalus germart MARSHALL, Ent. Mo. Mag., 11, 85, 1865. Fox Point, Southeast Alaska, July; Metlakatla, July 4. Six specimens. It has also been taken at Fort Wrangell by Pro- fessor W. H. Wickham. 132 ASHMEAD Family JASSIDA. Tribe Deltocephalini. Genus Deltocephalus Burmeister. DELTOCEPHALUS ABDOMINALIS (Fabricius). Cercopis bicolor FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst., IV, 40, 1794. Cercopis abdominalis FABRICIUS, Syst. Rhyn., 98, 1803. Cicada abdominalis FALLEN, Hem. Suec., Il, 37, 1829.—ZETTERSTEDT, Ins, Lappon., 290, 1840. Jassus (Deltocephalus) abdominalis FLOR., Rhync. Liol., 11, 249, 1860. — GERMAR, Faun. Ins. Eur., fasc. 17, tab. 19. —KIRSCHBAUM, Die Cicad. v. Wiesbaden u. Frankfurt, 129, 1868. Deltocephalus abdominals FIEBER, Verh. zodl.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XIx, 215, 1869. —J. SAHLBERG, Nat. Fenn., x11, 328. —-Epwarps, Syn. Brit. Homop., 44, 148. — MELICHAR, Cicad. v. Mittel. Eur., 140, 1896. Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, July 7. DELTOCEPHALUS HARRIMANTI sp. nov. Male. — Length to tip of elytra 3.2 mm. Pale or light mushroom brown, the mesonotum with at least three faint pale longitudinal lines, the vertex with a pale median line and a hook-shaped line on each side, the face with 7 or 8 transverse whitish lines interrupted medially; the thorax beneath, except the sutures and margins of the sclerites, and the abdomen, except the apex of the penultimate and ultimate ventral seg- ments and the apical margins of the dorsal segments, which are pale, are smoky or blackish; the legs are pale, the front femora with a brown annulus at base, the two last joints of the hind tarsi fuscous. Elytra hyaline, the veins pale, the clavus with two oblong brown spots, and an irregular series of brown dashes or spots, extending from the middle discoidal cell forward to and enclosing the middle apical cell. Type.—Cat. No. 6868, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Seldovia, Kenai Peninsula, July 7. Three specimens. DELTOCEPHALUS EVANSI sp. nov. Male.—Length to tip of elytra, which extend beyond tip of abdomen, 5 mm. Form of D. abdominalis (Fabr.), but slightly smaller and pale greenish, the upper surface of the head, thorax, and the elytra im- maculate, except two fuscous dashes at the middle of the angular head and a slight curved line on each side extending from the dashes toward the eyes; frons with 6 or 7 transverse fuscous lines, these becoming shorter and shorter, the seventh being a mere dot; sutures of the face and lora fuscous; thorax at sides and beneath and the abdomen black- ish; some of the abdominal segments at apex are narrowly margined with yellowish white; while the legs are maculate with fuscous spots. HOMOPTERA 133 Female.—Length to tip of abdomen 4.5 mm., the elytra somewhat abbreviated and not extending to the tip of the abdomen. Differs in color from the male in having the apex of the abdomen, the venter, and legs pale yellowish, the hind tarsi fuscous. Kusilof, July, 1899 (W. H. Evans). Type.—Cat. No. 6869, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Kusilof, July, 1898 (W. H. Evans). Additional specimens from Metlakatla, July 4. Tribe Cicadulini. Genus Cicadula Zetterstedt. CICADULA SEXNOTATA (Fallen). Cicada sexnotata FALLEN, Acta Holm., xxiI, 34, 1806.—Kongl. vet. Akad. handl., 33, 1806.—FALLEN, Hem. Suec., 11, 47, 1826. Eupteryx sexnotata CURTIS, Brit. Ent., xiv, 14, pl. 640, Io. Tettigonia 6-notata GERM., Faun. Ins. Eur., fasc. 14, tab. 13. Jassus 6-notatus BURMEISTER, Gen. Ins., I, No. 17, 1840.—WALKER, List Homop. Brit. Mus., 11, 878, 1851.—FLor., Rhyne. Liol., 11, 341, 1861. —MARSHALL, Ent. Mo. Mag., 111,125,1867.—THOMSON, Opus. Ent.,1, 77. Acrosteles 6-notata FIEBER, Verh. zodél.-bot. Gesell. Wien, Xv1, 54, 1866. Limnotettix sexnotata J. SAHLBERG, Nat. Fenn., x11, 247, 1879.—STAL, Stettin. ent. Zeitg., XIX, 194, 1858.—EDWARDS, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 76, 1888. Cicada alpina ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lappon., 297, 1840. Cicadula sexnotata ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lappon., 297, 1840.—Scort, Ent. Mo. Mag., XI, 230, 1870.—FIEBER, Revue d’Ent., Iv, 47, 1885.—Woop- WORTH, Psyche, v, 75, 1888-g0.—PROVANCHER, Pet. Faun. Ent. Can., III, 287, 1890.—VAN DUZEE, Psyche, VI, 305, 1891-92.—HARRINGTON, Ottawa Nat., vI, 32, 1892.—SOUTHWICK, Science, xIx, 288, 1892.— OsBORN, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 1, 12, 1892.—-SLosson, Ent. News, v, 5, 1894.—VAN DvuZEE, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxI, 307, 1894.—MELI- CHAR, Cicad. v. Mittel-Eur., p. 309, 1896. Popof Island, Shumagin Ids., July 17; Seldovia, July 21; Karluk, Kadiak Island. CICADULA FASCIIFRONS (Stal). Thamnotettix fascitfrons STAL, Stettin. ent. Zeitg., xIx, 192, 1858. Cicadula fascitfrons FIEBER, Revue'd Ent., Iv, 48, 57, 1885.—VAN DvZEE, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XxI, 308, 1894. Sitka; Popof Island, Shumagin Ids., July 7; Seldovia, July 21; Karluk, Kadiak Island. Sixteen specimens, CICADULA LZTA (Uhler). Jassus letus UHLER, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., 11, 360, 1876; id., 111, 473, 1877. Thamnotettix letus VAN DUZEE, Psyche, vi, 306, 1891-92; Can. Ent., xxiv, 208, 1692+ ‘Trans, Am. Ent. Soc,, Xxi, 303, 1604. Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, July 7. 134 ASHMEAD CICADULA LINEATIFRONS (Stal). Thamnotettix lineatifrons STAL, Stettin. ent. Zeitg., XIX, 195, 1858. — FIEBER, Revue d’Ent., Iv, 85, 1885.—- VAN DuzeEE, Trans. Ent. Soc., XXL, 1303, 1604: Sitka; additional specimens from Seldovia, July. CICADULA UNG sp. nov. Female.—Length to tip of elytra 5.1 mm. Stature and general appearance of C. deta (Uhler), and evidently allied. General color yellowish, the vertex and the face black; the crown has a yellowish median line which extends forward and connects with a transverse yellowish band on the upper margin of the face, and on each side of this median line is a circular yellowish line enclosing a rounded black spot, which, however, is not entirely separated from the black along the eyes; cheeks yellowish, with a spot beneath the eyes and an oblique line across the lora black; thorax at sides and beneath black, the mesonotum along the anterior and posterior margins blackish, the scutellum black except the extreme margins, the prosternum marked with yellow, the mesopleura with a yellow oblique line which is connected with a yellow line along the hind margin; legs blackish, the joints of the trochanters apically, the front and middle femora at apex and beneath, interrupted by a black spot or band, and the hind femora, except at sides basally, which are black, the black ex- tending into a narrow line, apically, are yellowish; the hind tibize are black beneath, with a double row of black dots behind, the joints of tarsi are black apically, with a black line beneath and above. The elytra are yellowish along the costa, the veins being margined with fuscous. Abdomen black, the dorsal segments at apex and along the sides are margined narrowly with yellow, while the terminal ventral segment, except a black spot laterally near the base and along the basal margin, is almost wholly yellow. Type.—Cat. No. 6870, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Unga Island, Shuma- gin Islands, July 2. One specimen. Subfamily 7YPHLOCYBINA. Genus Dicraneura Hardy. DICRANEURA CARNEOLA (Stal). Typhlocyba carneola STAL, Stettin. ent. Zeitg., x1x, 196, 1858. Dicranoneura carneola WoopwortTH, Psyche, v, 213, 1888-90. Dicraneura carneola VAN DUZEE, Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., XXI, 311, 1894. Sitka. HOMOPTERA E35 Genus Chloroneura Walsh. CHLORONEURA PURA (Stal). Typhlocyba pura STAL, Stettin. ent. Zeitg., x, 175, 1858. Empoasca pura WOODWORTH, Psyche, v, 213, 1888-90. Sitka. Genus Empoasca Walsh. EMPOASCA COMMISSURALIS (Stal). Typhlocyba commissural’s STAL, Stettin. ent. Zeitg., XIx, 196, 1858. Empoasca commissuralis “WOODWORTH, Psyche, v, 214, 1888-90.— VAN DuzeeE, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, 310, 1894. Sitka. Superfamily PSYZLO/DEA Ashmead. Family PSYLLIDZ. Genus Aphalara Forster. APHALARA SCHWARZI sp. nov. Aphalara sp. SCHWARZ, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, 539, 1900. | Fremale.—Length to tip of abdomen 2.3 mm., to tip of wings 4.2 mm. General ground color greenish-white, the crown of the head, except narrowly at the margins, the middle of the face, the thorax beneath, except narrowly along the sutures of the sclerites, the coxe, the femora, except apically and basally, the ventral segments, except apical margins, a dot on each side of the collar, the mesonotum, ex- cept a median streak posteriorly from the transverse grooved line and extending to the scutellum, the depressions at base of metathorax just back of the scutellum, and the dorsum of the abdomen except at the sutures of the segments, dark fuscous or brown; antennz whitish or pale, with the terminal joint black. Wings hyaline, the front wings with a rather broad transverse fuscous band at the basal third which is con- nected with a fuscous band at the base of the radial cell; there is another fuscous band extending obliquely across the wings from the tip of the radial cell, and two tri- angular fuscous spots at the apical margin, one enclosing | Fi¢.6. Genita- q ° lia of Aphalara the apex of the cubital vein, the other the lower branch gcpwayzi. or fork of the cubitus. Male.—Length to tip of abdomen 1.8 mm., to tip of wings 3.1 mm. Agrees well with the female, except that the head, thorax, and abdomen are darker, almost black, the apices of the abdominal segments being very narrowly whitish, the mesopleura having a whitish streak at the middle, the basal margin of the mesonotum being narrowly whitish 136 ASHMEAD and connected with two median dots just in front of the scutellum, while there are two whitish curved lines on the scutellum, Genitalia as in fig. 6. Type.—Cat. No. 6271, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Fox Point, South- eastern Alaska. Additional specimens from Popof Island, July 7; Belkofsky, July 29. APHALARA KINCAIDI sp. nov. Male.—Length to tip of abdomen from 1.6 to 1.8 mm., to tip of wings 2.5 to 2.6 mm. General color pale greenish-yellow; there is a large median spot on each lobe of the head above, two dots or lines on the sides of the collar with a puncture beyond near the lateral angles, two triangular spots on the anterior lobe of the mesonotum just back of the collar, four bands on the mesoscutum and the depressions of the scutellum, dark fuscous or black. The antennz, except the basal and apical joints which are black, are whitish. Wings hyaline, with some fuscous along the margin of the radial Fic. 7. Genitalia of cell, the cubitus and its forks, the fork of the post- Aphalara kincatdt. 2 : é cubitus apically, the lower fork of the cubitus and the upper fork of the postcubitus; the latter is sometimes connected with a fuscous streak, rarely, however, very distinct. Genitalia as in fig. 7. Type.—Cat. No. 6272, U.S. Nat. Mus., from Metlakatla, June 4. Additional specimens from Popof Island, July 9; Fox Point, July. APHALARA ALASKENSIS sp. nov. Female.—Length to tip of abdomen 2.3 mm., to tip of wings 3.6 mm. Uniformly pale greenish, the tips of the antennz and the claws black, the eyes brown. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous streak along the radial vein, along the upper and lower forks of the cubitus, and at the apex of the upper fork of the post- \ cubitus, the latter being connected by a fuscous streak 5 with the base of the cubital fork. Afale.—Colored as in female, and hardly distinguished from it except for the sexual abdominal differences, and by the less distinct fuscous streak along the nervures, _¥!¢.%. Genita- - ’ lia of Aphalara the upper fork of the postcubitus not being connected gyasgensis. by a fuscous streak with the base of the cubital fork. Genitalia as in fig. 8. Type.—Cat. No. 6273, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Fox Point, South- eastern Alaska, July. X\ HOMOPTERA 137 Genus Psylla Geoffroy. PSYLLA ALASKENSIS sp. nov. Female.—Length to tip of abdomen 2.8 mm., to tip of wings about 5mm. Greenish-yellow; last four or five joints of antennz, especially toward apex, more or less fuscous; eyes green; large spot on each side of collar and the depressions and sutures of scutellum and metathorax more or less fuscous; median line on anterior lobe of mesonotum and four lines on posterior lobe whitish. Wings pale greenish-hyaline, immaculate, except a faint dusky shade toward the apices. Male.—Length to tip of abdomen 1.8 mm., to tip of 4 wings less than 3 mm. Colored as in female, except (CB the antennal joints 3 to 6 are tipped with black, while the wings are more distinctly dusky at apex. Fic. 9. Geni- Genitalia as in fig. 9. pl of Psylla alaskensis. Type.—Cat. No. 6274, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Popof Island, Shumagin Ids., July 16. Additional specimens from Fox Point, July 19; Seldovia, July 21. Superfamily APH/DO/DEA Ashmead. Family APHIDIDA. Genus Nectarophora Koch. NECTAROPHORA CAUDATA Pergande. Nectarophora caudata PERGANDE, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1, 513, 2, 1900. Type.—Cat. No. 5274, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Juneau. NECTAROPHORA EPILOBII Pergande. Nectarophora epilobit PERGANDE, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, 515, 2, Ig00. Type.—Cat. No. 5276, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Popof Island, Shumagin Ids. NECTAROPHORA INSULARIS Pergande. Nectarophora insularis PERGANDE, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., U, 515, 2, 1900. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Genus Cladebius Koch. CLADOBIUS POPULENS (Kaltenbach). Aphis populens KALTENBACH, Monogr. d. Pflanzenl., 1, 116, 1843. Cladobius populens PERGANDE, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1, 516, 1900. Superfamily COCCO/DEA Ashmead. No Coccid is yet reported from Alaska, although a species, probably an Asfpidiotus, is found on willows. / 1 ei 7 hal 7 7 1 —- ar i : 5 = an u : cal - =o ‘ I ; ; ‘ > Oe a - a ‘ - 7 i 7 7.8 - ‘ t ‘ i 1 7 : 7 ' , af ry 7 L i . a7 ¢ i ve ass , . i w ‘ ; ue i i 0) he it ! cite f 1 - { yp + my id aie - +e. 7 h i , , 7 : ¢ : + ' ; f ' + si : a. 7 ~ 7 7 - : A. ' ‘ a 7 9) . ‘ - ' 4 ‘ ' / | ‘ on ‘ : = i . : q - in) . an ' , > ‘ i ix u ‘ - . - 1 Ai - \ ’ ‘ a i 7 — a ea 4 I I ’ i + ' i —— : - i - ? t nea a W es h iD , A ' - 7 a) i a ' Ay 6 s a - i" 7 a D = a a ' “ : ae ¥ ’ ‘ q ® 7 ae 7 ‘ iF - = i i a -A a aa 4 1? ie HETEROPTERA OF THE EX- PEDITION (139) The following paper on the Heteroptera of the Expedition, by O. Heidemann, Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agricul- ture, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. 1, pp. 503-506, Dec. 20, 1900. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [504]; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy’s Proceedings and the original title, which was: Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. xu1, En- tomological Results (7): Heteroptera. No other alterations have been made. The author desires to record the following corrections : Page 141 [503]: Tenth line from bottom, for ‘Megalocrea’ read Megalocerea. Ninth line from bottom, for ‘Megalocrea (Trigonotylus) ’ read Afznzs. Page 142 [504]: Second line from top, for ‘ Leptopterna ferrugata’ read Minis ferrugatus ; insert after ‘ Suec.,’ Z. Ninth line from top, for ‘ p. 1870, 1858,’ read xzx, ZB. 787, 7858, Q. Twentieth line from bottom, for ‘ Capsus ater Linné, Fauna Suec., p. 253, 1761,’ substitute the following: Czmex ater Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. x, p. 447) 1758. Fifteenth line from bottom, for ‘ xix’ read xxz; for ‘ 1876-79’ read 1879. Fifth line from bottom, for ‘ Lygus’ read C7zmex. Page 143 [505]: Second line from top, for ‘ Lygus (Orthops) ’ read Orthops. Eighth line from top, for ‘ Lygus’ read Czmex. Fifteenth line from top, for ‘ Pecilocytus ’ read Lygeus. Epiror. (140) HETEROPTERA OF THE EXPEDITION BY 0. HEIDEMANN Tue collection of Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the Harriman Alaska Expedition, made by Prof. T. Kincaid, although small, contains ten species of the family Capside, two of Lygeide, one each of Aradidz and Nabide, one of Gerridez, and three of Corisidze. These species are all well known except one of the family Aradidz. It is interesting to note the wide geo- graphical distribution of some of the European and East Siberian Hemiptera, namely, from Siberia over Bering Island to Alaska and into the American Continent. Family CAPSIDA. Megalocrea (Trigonotylus) ruficornis Fallen. Megalocrea (Trigonotylus) ruficornis FALLEN, Hem. Suec., I, 133, no. 8, 1829.—UHLER, Hayden, Mont. Surv., p. 409, 1872.—REUTER, Rev. Caps; Pp: 23, 1975. Seven specimens, five males and two females, from Cook Inlet, Saldovia (July 21). Inhabits all Europe, East Siberia, United States, and Canada. Miris sp.? A number of immature forms from Cook Inlet, but as no adult is among them the species can not be ascertained. [503] (141) 142 HEIDEMANN [504] Leptopterna ferrugata Fallen. Lepiopterna ferrugata FALLEN, Hem. Suec., 129, 2, 1829.—REUTER, Rev. Gaps.,p. 145 1875. Three females (brachypterous) and one male (macropterous), the latter not quite mature, from Kadiak (July 20). A European species, also known from Siberia. It is most closely allied to the American species Leptopterna amana Uhler. Mecomma (Leptomerocoris) gilvipes Stal. Mecomma (Leptomerocoris) gilvifes STAL, Stett. Ent. Zeit., p. 1870, 1858.— REUTER, Ofv. Finska Vet. Soc. Forh., xx, p. 57, 1881. Gymn. Eur., III, pp. 355, 386, 1883. Numerous specimens, males and females, from Popof Island (July 9), Karluk, Kadiak (July 20), Saldovia (July 21), Belkofsky, July 22. This species is originally described from Sitka, Alaska, and is also found in East Siberia. The female isalwaysbrachypterous. The species is distinguished from the other European form, AZecomma am- bulans Fallen, by the more slender second joint of antennz and by the whitish colored hemelytra of the female. Professor Ph. R. Uhler records the latter species also from British America. Capsus ater Linné. Capsus ater LINNE, Fauna Suec., p. 253, 1761.—Uhler’s List, p. 18, 1886. A single specimen, a male, from Kukak Bay, Alaska Peninsula (July 1). Found in all Europe, Siberia, and boreal America. Irbisia (Leptomerocoris) sericans Stal. Irbisia (Leptomerocoris) sericans STAL, Stett. Ent. Zeit., xtx, p. 188, 1858,.— REUTER, Ofv. Finska Vet. Soc. Forh., x1x, p. 57, 1876-79. Series of macropterous and brachypterous forms, from Sitka, Vir- gin Bay, Kukak Bay, Karluk, Kadiak, Fox Point, Popof Island (June, July), Belkofsky, July 2. The insect is dimorphous. Males and females of both forms. Originally described from Sitka, Alaska. Found on Bering Island, also on Copper Island and Pribilof Islands (Barrett-Hamilton). The same species has been collected by Mr. E, A. Schwarz in Oregon, near Hood River. Other species of this genus extend down the Pacific coast as far as Lower California. Lygus pabulinus Linné. Lygus pabulinus LINNE, Fauna Suec., p. 253, 1761.—Uhler’s List, p. 18, 1886. Five specimens, male and female, and some immature ones, from Juneau. A European insect; occurs also in East Siberia and boreal America. [505 ] HETEROPTERA 143 Lygus (Orthops) scutellatus Uhler. Lygus (Orthops) scutellatus UHLER, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1, p. 420, 1877. —DIsTANT, Biol. Centr. Amer., Hem.-Heter., p. 274, 1884. Two specimens, females, from Fox Point (July). Described from Colorado; found throughout the United States and Canada; also a variety in Mexico. Lygus pratensis Linné. Lygus pratensis LINNE, Syst. Nat. Ed., x, 59, 448, 1758.—FALLEN, Mon. Cim., p. 83, 1867.—Uhler’s List, p. 18, 1886. Two specimens, male and female, from Saldovia and Kukak Bay (July). The latter belongs to the variety Z. campestris Fallen. A most variable insect, found in all Europe, Siberia, United States, and Canada. Peecilocytus unifasciatus Fabricius. Pecilocytus unifasciatus FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst., Iv, 158, 178, 1794.—UHLER, List of the Hemiptera of Colorado, p. 38, 1895. Three specimens, two females and one male, from Kukak Bay (July 1), Kadiak (July 20). Inhabits all Europe, Siberia, and boreal America. Family LYGHIDA. Nysius gronlandicus Zetterstedt. Nysius grénlandicus ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lapp., pp. 262, 263, 1840.—STAL, Enum., Iv, p. 121, 1874. Eight specimens, four females and four males, from Saldovia (July 21). This species is described from Greenland and has also been found at Ungava Bay, Hudson Bay Territory, by L. M. Turner (National Museum collection). Scolopostethus thomsoni Reuter. Scolopostethus thomsont REUTER, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), Iv, p. 562, 1874.—HoRrVATH, Rev. d’Entom., XII, p. 240, 1893. A single specimen, male, from Sitka (June 16). It is a European species and the only one recorded as occurring also in boreal America. I have seen specimens from California (Argus Mountains), and from Colorado (National Museum collection). The genus is well repre- sented also on this Continent: there have been found two other Amer- ican species, S. défidens Horv. and 5S. atlanticus Horv., and some not yet described. Family ARADIDA. Aradus sp.? One specimen, a male, from Saldovia (July 21). There seems to be no record of any Aradus found before in Alaska. The specimen 144 HEIDEMANN [506] now taken by Professor Kincaid may likely be a new species. It be- longs to the Aradus detule group, and is most closely allied to Say’s species, Aradus similis, but differs in having the margins of abdomen more parallel, the prolongation of head more elongate, and the scutellum quite differently shaped. The sides are sinuated and the basal inner part of scutellum more transversely elevated. As there is but one specimen, a satisfactory description of a new species can not be given. Family NABIDA. Nabis flavo-marginatus Scholz var. sibericus Reuter. Nabis flavo-marginatus var. stbiricus REUTER, Ofv. Finska Vet. Soc, Forh., XIX, p. 60,1377. Three specimens, females, from Cook Inlet and Kadiak (July). The species is known from Europe, Siberia, and Greenland. Vadzs flavo-marginatus Scholz is also found in Canada (St. John, New Brunswick). Family GERRIDA. Gerris rufoscutellatus Latreille. Gerris rufoscutellatus LATREILLE, Gen. Crust. et Ins., III, p. 134, 1807.— Uhler’s List, p. 26, 1886. Two specimens from Metlakahtla (June 6). The insect is found in Europe, East Siberia, and boreal America. Family CORISIDA. Corisa germarii Fieber. Corisa germarit FIEBER, Species Generis Corisa, 11, p. 38, 1858.—Uhler’s List p. 20; 1886: Nine specimens, four males and five females, from Popof Island. Inhabits Europe, North America, Alaska. Corisa convexa Fieber. Corisa convexa FIEBER, Species Generis Corisa, 11, p. 37, 1858.—Uhler’s List, p- 29, 1886. Three females, from Popof Island and Berg Bay. Found also in North America and Labrador, near the coast line. Corisa przusta Fieber. Cortsa Preusta YIEBER, Species Generis Corisa, 11, p. 28, 1858.—Uhler’s List, p. 29, 1886. Five specimens, one male, the others females, from Muir Glacier (pond on the west side, June 12), Popof Island (June 20), Berg Bay (June 10), Kadiak (July), Sitka. Previously found at Sitka. ODONATA OP THE EXPEDITION (145) The following paper on the Odonata of the Expedition, by Rolla P. Currie, Aid, Division of Insects, U. S. National Museum, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. 11, pp. 217-223, July 13, 1901. It is here re- printed from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [218]; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy’s Proceedings and the original title, which was: Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XX11. Entomological Results (14): The Odonata. No other alterations have been made. The author desires to record the following corrections : Page 147 [217]: Eleventh line from bottom, for ‘three’ read four. Eighth line from bottom, omit ‘and.’ Seventh line from bottom, insert after ‘(Say)’: and Anax junius (Drury), and change ‘ eleven’ to ¢welve. EpITorR. (146) ODONATA OF THE EXPEDITION BY ROLLA P. CURRIE Tue Odonata collected by Professor Trevor Kincaid during the Harriman Expedition comprise eight species, represented by eighty-nine specimens. None of these appear to be new; yet the collection is interesting in that it serves to extend the known range of certain forms and to add to our knowledge of the Odonata fauna of Alaska. No paper on the dragonflies of this territory has been hitherto published; and only three species, additional to the eight collected by the Harriman Expedition, have been pre- viously reported from Alaska. These are Enallagma annexum (Hagen), &schna sitchensis (Hagen) and <£schna clepsydra (Say), thus making eleven species. Family AGRIONID_Z. Subfamily AGRIONINZ. LESTES species (?). One female belonging to some species of this genus was taken at Fox Point, July 26-28. The species of Lestes are separated, mainly, by the characters of the male abdominal appendages, and females taken [217] S047) 148 CURRIE [278] singly cannot always be determined with certainty. The following description of the specimen is given for future reference : Length 34 mm.; abdomen 26; hind wing 20.7; pterostigma 1.7. Blackish-brown. The following parts are pale yellowish, viz: under parts of head, lips, gene (except a few spots), rhinarium, tips of two basal joints of antenne, mid-dorsal thoracic carina, humeral stripe (which is wider below), sides of thorax inferiorly (except 2d lateral suture above and some spots near coxz), and venter of thorax (except middle line which is wider behind). Abdomen yellowish, marked above with dark metallic green as follows : on segment 1, a narrow longitudinal median line, widening behind, and divided into two large divaricate spots ; on 2, a mid-dorsal band, divided by a median line which is widened in front, the band widened and orbicular posteriorly (enclosing a pale spot on either side) and connected with the dark apical ring by a short stalk; 3-5 similar, but the dividing line uniformly narrow, the band forming a point anteriorly and barely reaching the base; 6 without posterior pale spots, the bands otherwise as in 3-5; on 7 and 8 the band is wider, not separated, not stalked behind; on 9 and 1o they narrow posteriorly; the bands on 6-10 are blackish-brown, hardly metallic. Sides of abdomen with indistinct dark markings, these principally apical. Venter dark. Tenth segment with its apical margin triangularly notched above, scarcely elevated. Anal append- ages two-thirds the length of 10, conical, pale, black on apical half. Genital valves pale, their edges dark apically and minutely denticulate ; valvular processes dark, about as long as appendages. Legs pale, the femora without, tibiae within, and the tarsi, black. Pterostigma brown. ENALLAGMA CALVERTI Morse. Enallagma calverti MORSE, Psyche, vii, No. 227, p. 208, March, 1895. (Male described. )—WILLIAMSoM, Ent, News, x1, No. 5, p. 455, text fig. db, Pl. 1x, figs. 5, 9 and 10, May, 1900. (Female described and male ap- pendages figured. ) Kukak Bay, June 29-July 5; Cook Inlet, July 21; Kadiak, July 20; Juneau, July 25: thirty-three males and nineteen females. These specimens average larger than those I have seen from the United States: Length, ¢ 30.7 mm.—35 mm., 2 31.5-35.6; abdomen $ 24-247.3, 2 24.8-27.3; hind wing ¢ 18.7-21.8, 2? 20-22.2. In the markings of head, thorax, and abdomen they agree fairly well with &. cyathigerum (Charpentier) as described by Selys’ and exhibit similar variations in the shape and extent of the dorsal abdominal markings, as follows: 1 Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), XL1, p. 505, 1876. [219] THE ODONATA 149 Males: On segment 1, basal spot usually quadrate, narrowed and more or less rounded on sides behind, its hind margin sometimes excised but usually straight or nearly so and generally with a small median triangular projection; on segment 2, transverse posterior spot : in front, convex and more or less rounded, sometimes pointed medially ; bchind, convex, or straight, or sinuated and pointed; sometimes united with apical margin by a short stalk which varies greatly in length, width and shape; sometimes connected with an inferior lateral stripe present in some specimens; on segments 3 to 6, spots more or less pointed anteriorly, widened and usually rounded pos- teriorly, broadly united with apical ring; spot on segment 3 covering posterior 4 to 4; on 4 covering 4 to #; on 5, % to 4; on 6, 2 to 3. The spot on segment 7 covers apical 3 or more. Dorsum of seg- ment 10 entirely black. Other irregularly placed spots are some- times present. Females: Spot on segment 1 similar to that of the males; on 2 quite variable in shape and size, the narrowed portion not always reaching the anterior margin, sometimes bifid; posterior widened portion rounded or angulate laterally; connected directly, or by a short wide stalk, with the apical ring. Spots on segments 3 to 7 similar to those on male but longer, covering apical 2 or more on all of them. Spot on segment 8 exceedingly variable in shape, broadly or narrowly pointed anteriorly, widened behind, connected with posterior margin directly or by a stalk, in one specimen zo¢ reaching posterior margin ; widened portion sometimes connected with a lateral spot or stripe. Spots on segments 9 and 10 covering entire dorsum, narrowing behind. The postocular spots (in both sexes) are large and in most specimens denticulate behind as in 4. annexum (Hagen), the denticulations sometimes connected with the blue of rear of head. The male appen- dages agree well with those of calvertz as described by Morse and fig- ured by Williamson. These variations seem to be individual rather than geographical, although the males from Juneau all have very long dorsal spots on the abdominal segments. This species, described from Nevada, has also been reported from Massachusetts, Maine, Wyoming and Washington. Family -2SCHNID_Z. Subfamily ASCHNINZ. JESCHNA JUNCEA (Linn.). Libellula juncea LINN., Syst. Nat., I, p. 544, n. 10, 1758. Eschna juncea KirBY, Synonymic Cat., p. 87, 1890. 150 CURRIE [220] One male from Kadiak, July 20; one female, Unga Island, July 17, collected by Prof. W. E. Ritter. The National Museum also contains one male and three females from Nushagak River, Alaska, collected by McKay (No. 97). This species occurs throughout the northern portions of Europe, Asia, and North America. The pterostigma is brown, paler in the female specimen. ZESCHNA CONSTRICTA (Say). Aeshna constricta SAY, Journ. Ac. Phila., VII, p. 11, 1839. dschna constricta KirBy, Synonymic Cat., p. 88, 1890,—CALVERT, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Xx, p. 249, 1893.—KELLICOTT, Bull. Ohio State Univ. (4), No. 5, p. 83, March, 1899.—WILLIAMSON, 24th Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. and Natural Resources, Ind., 1889, p. 305, Pl. Iv, fig. 10, Pl. vu, figs. 14 & 15, Igoo. Two males, Kadiak, July 20, and Cook Inlet, July 21; two females, Kadiak, July 20. This is a common species in the United States and has also been re- corded from British Columbia, Kamchatka, and Siberia. The pterostigma in the males is black; in the females yellowish- brown. Family ZIBELLOULIDZ. Subfamily CORDULINZ. CORDULIA SHURTLEFFI Scudder. Cordulia shurtleffi SCUDDER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., x, p. 217, 1866.— SE.ys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), XXxI, p. 265, 1871.—KIRBy, Synonymic Cat. 3p. §2,, 1590. One female, Kukak Bay, June 29-July 5; one female, Fox Point, July 26. 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