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PARKER & SON,

ALASKA

VOLUME X

HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION
WITH COOPERATION OF WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

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VOLUME X

CRUSTACEANS

BY MARY J. RATHBUN, HARRIET RICHARDSON,
S. J. HOLMES, AND LEON J. COLE

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NEW YORK

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
1904

COPYRIGHT, 1904

BY
EDWARD H. HARRIMAN

CONTENTS

PAGE

ix

Preface

Decapod Crustaceans of the Northwest Coast of North
America. MARY J. RATHBUN i

Isopod Crustaceans of the Northwest Coast of North Amer-
ica. HARRIET RICHARDSON 211

Amphipod Crustaceans of the Expedition. S. J. HOLMES . 231

Pycnogonida of the West Coast of North America. LEON
J. COLE 247

Index 331

ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATES

FACING PAGES

I-X Decapods 192-210

XI-XXVI Py cnogonids 300-330

TEXT FIGURES

1-95 Decapods 19-188

96-1 1 7 Isopods 21 5-228

1 18-128 Amphipods , 234-246

PREFACE

Crustaceans were collected by several members of the
Harriman Expedition, particularly by Professor Trevor
Kincaid, Professor W. B. Ritter, and Dr. Wesley R. Coe.
After the return of the Expedition these specimens were
arranged by groups and sent to specialists for study.
The Decapods have been elaborated by Miss Mary J.
Rathbun, who has included in her investigation the exten-
sive collections from the Pacific coast already in the
United States National Museum, so that her paper may
be regarded as a comprehensive revision of the group
for the west coast of North America from California to
Arctic Alaska. The Isopods have been treated by Miss
Harriet Richardson, the Amphipods by Dr. S. J. Holmes,
the Pycnogonids by Dr. Leon J. Cole. The chapter
headings are from the facile pens of Mrs. Louise M.
Keeler and Mr. F. A. Walpole — the Amphipods by Mr.
Walpole, the others by Mrs. Keeler.

C. HART MERRIAM,

Editor.

WASHINGTON, D. C.,
May I, 1903

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS

OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF

NORTH AMERICA

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE
NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

BY MARY J. RATHBUN

CONTENTS.

Introduction , 3

General features 4

Geographic distribution 6

Distribution table 8

Systematic discussion of species 19

INTRODUCTION.

THIS report includes primarily the crabs and shrimps collected
by the Harriman Expedition. In order to name the shrimps it
became necessary to overhaul the large collection of undeter-
mined material of that group which has accumulated in the U. S.
National Museum. This was derived from several years' work
of the Albatross, and from the investigations of Dr. W. H. Dall
and others, and embraces the entire coast from Arctic Alaska to
southern California. The results of this study are given below,
short descriptions of the new species having already been published
in the Proceedings of the National Museum (xxiv, pp. 885-905,
May, 1902). More than that, the accompanying list of species is
designed to serve as a check-list of the Decapoda1 known to in-
habit the region indicated, together with their distribution.

The collection in the National Museum affords exceptional

!The Anomura of the Museum collection, here listed, have been determined by Dr.
J. E. Benedict. The Alpheidoe are to be reported upon by Dr. H. Coutiere of the Mu-
seum at Paris ; therefore the data given herein are quoted largely from Dr. Holmes.

(a)

4 RATHBUN

opportunities for studying the Pacific fauna, as the material is in
some cases remarkably abundant. So rich in crabs and shrimps
were some parts of the sea bottom explored by the Albatross
that only a portion of each dredge haul was preserved for study,
many a ' peck ' or ' quart ' of these animals being thrown over-
board by the ship's naturalists.

Our knowledge of the Decapod fauna of the Northwest is, for
the most part, of recent growth. More than two fifths of the
species enumerated below have been described within the last
twelve years, while during that time our acquaintance with the
species known to Brandt, Stimpson, Lockington, and other pio-
neers in this field has been greatly extended.

In 1900 Dr. S. J. Holmes published a very useful 'Synopsis
of California Stalk-Eyed Crustacea,' * with descriptions of genera
and species, and it has been thought unnecessary to repeat cita-
tions for the species which he gives. An effort has been made to
figure all the little-known species.

In addition to the general collection of Decapods made by Dr.
William E. Ritter of the Harriman Expedition, those obtained by
Dr. W. R. Coe and Professor Trevor Kincaid have been placed at
my service.

One new species, a Betaus, is notable as the first Alpheid
reported from as high a latitude as Sitka.

A remarkable case of dimorphism is here recorded for the first
time : the cosmopolitan species Processa canaliculata Leach, more
commonly known by the later name Nika ednlis Risso, is found
to possess in certain cases two chelate feet of the first pair instead
of the characteristic asymmetrical disposition of a chelate foot on
one side and a simple one on the other.

General features. — The Decapod fauna of the North Pacific is
rich in individuals, if not in species or in variations of form.

In the mass of material examined (about 50,000 specimens)
certain types were found to be largely in excess, namely, the Pan-
dalid, Hippolytid, and Crangonid shrimps, the Pagurids or hermit-
crabs, the Maioids or true spider-crabs, and the Lithodids or
Anomuran spider-crabs.

In point of numbers the Pandalids take the lead. The most
1Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vir, pp. 1-262, pis. i-iv, 1900.

DECAPODS 5

abundant species are Pandalus borcalis and P. montagui, both
boreal forms which descend from the Arctic regions into the At-
lantic as well as the Pacific, but in the latter find conditions most
favorable to their increase. The form of P. montagui inhabiting
the Pacific exhibits modifications which entitle it to recognition
as a distinct subspecies.

In number of species the genus Spirontocaris of the family
Hippolytidae is unsurpassed. Like Pandalus, it is primarily a
boreal genus, and is common to the Atlantic and the Pacific. In
the Pacific it is represented by 5 I species, exhibiting great diver-
sity in form. Several are identical with Atlantic species.

Quite as conspicuous in the North Pacific fauna are the Cran-
gonidas. These occur in great numbers, and exhibit 32 different
forms, for the most part restricted to the Pacific.

The Paguridse, or hermit-crabs, occur in vast numbers, and some
of the species appear to have local centers of distribution. Each
of these species attains its maximum development, both as to size
and numbers, in a particular area, while elsewhere it is stunted
and infrequent.

Several of the spider-crabs (Maiidae) abound in shallow as well
as in deeper water, and Oregonia, CJiorilia, the two Chionoecetes,
and the two species of Hyas form no inconsiderable part of every
haul of the dredge.

Less abundant are the Lithodidas or Anomuran spider-crabs,
which include the giant Decapods of the region.

The crowding of crustacean life in certain localities is especially
favorable to parasitism. Bopyrids (of a few species only) are of
frequent occurrence on many species of shrimps1 ; Rhizocephalids
are less common, while worm parasites have been noticed in sev-
eral instances embedded underneath the carapace of Spirontocaris.

The Decapods contribute without doubt a large proportion of
the food of fishes, several species having been taken from their
stomachs ; but our knowledge on this subject is very fragmentary.

Many species are caught for the market, to be used for the
table or for bait. The list of these furnished in ' The Fisheries
and Fishery Industries of the United States,' Washington, 1884,

1 Miss Harriet Richardson will publish a report on the Bopyridae of the Museum
collection in the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum during the next year.

6 RATHBUN

is the only one so far published, but it is necessarily incom-
plete.

Geographic distribution. — The following points are brought out
in the accompanying table of distribution :

That Arctic species often continue southward through Bering
Strait along the west coast of Bering Sea to Okhotsk Sea and the
Kurile Islands.

That some of these species may also stretch along the Alaska
shores southward, occasionally to Puget Sound or even farther
south.

That the winter line of floating ice in Bering Sea determines
the northern limit of many species. This line extends approxi-
mately from the neighborhood of Nunivak Island westward just
north of the Pribilof and Commander Islands to the Kamchatkan
shore.

While many species range continuously from this line south-
ward to California, others indicate a division of that stretch of
coast-line into several faunae. So far as the Crustacea are con-
cerned, the vicinity of Kadiak appears to be a boundary between
subregions. Aleutian species, however, are often found out of
their normal region, in the cold glacier-fed bays and sounds of
southeastern Alaska.

The Straits of Fuca and Puget Sound also form a partial boun-
dary between species, partial because, while nineteen species have
Puget Sound for a southern limit, and nine species find here their
northern limit, seventy others run uninterruptedly north and south
of this point.

The vicinity of Monterey Bay, California, is a more striking
barrier to species than those above mentioned, the crustacean
fauna south of that promontory being strongly Mexican or Lower
Californian in character.

In exceptional cases, as in Philyra pisum and Cancer ampJiicc-
tus, a Japanese species is found to occur in approximately the
same latitude on the American coast, without obvious connection
by way of Alaska.

As is to be expected, the inhabitants of the deeper waters of
Bering Sea (below 500 fathoms) are likely to extend much
farther south in the North Pacific Ocean than the shoal-water

DECAPODS 7

species which follow the coast-line. The occurrence of some
abyssal forms, as Hymenodora glacialis and H. frontalis, in the
deep pocket (1569 fathoms) east of Prince of Wales Island is
worthy of note.

The following is a list of the genera occurring below the 500-
fathom line. Those whose range extends below 1000 fathoms
are printed in italics :

Pasiphaa Pagurus (2 species)

Parapasiphae Parapagurus

AcanthcpJiyra Pristopus

Hymenodora Leptolithodes

Pandalopsis (i species) Lithodes

Spirontocaris (5 species) Munida

Crangon (3 species) Munidopsis

Sergestes Chorilia

Benthesicymus Chioncecetes

Gennadas Hyas
Calastacus

Dr. Dall * divides his Oregonian fauna, which stretches from the
end of the Aleutian chain to Point Conception, California, into
three subfaunal areas, with divisions at Yakutat Bay or Mount St.
Elias, Alaska, and at Cape Mendocino, California.

Professor Nutting,2 on the other hand, reasoning from his study
of the Hydroids, emphasizes the effectiveness of Puget Sound as
a faunal barrier and the continuity of the area between that point
and the end of the Aleutian chain.3

It is highly probable that future research will make it possible
to subdivide the coast into several small areas. The accompany-
ing table shows the intricate overlapping of species.

!The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean, Pt. Ill, 539-546,
1899.

2 Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Ill, 161, 1901.

3 Professor Nutting had not consulted Dr. Ball's report above cited, in which state-
ments made twenty-three years earlier are considerably modified.

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DECAPODS 19

SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION OF SPECIES.

Suborder MACRURA.
Family PASIPH^EID^E.
Genus Pasiphaea Savigny.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PASIPHJEA.

A. Carapace carinated throughout its length.

B. Telson truncate, not forked or notched wagna.

B'. Telson forked or notched.

C. Branchiostegal spine over the angle of the antero-lateral

sinus pacifica.

C'. Branchiostegal spine farther forward, near or on anterior

margin.

D. Telson longer than sixth segment .... emarginata.
D'. Telson shorter than sixth segment.

E. Abdomen carinate princeps.

E'. Abdomen not carinate corteziana.

A'. Carapace not carinated in its posterior half affinis.

PASIPHAEA MAGNA Faxon?

Pasiphaa magna FAXON, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, xxiv, 209, 1 893 ; Mem.
Mus. Comp. ZooL, xvm, 176, pi. XLV, figs. 2-2C, 1895. Gulf of Panama,
458 fathoms.

Distribution. — From off Point Arena, California, to Gulf of Panama;
265 to 552 fathoms.

Dredged by the Albatross at the following localities :
Off Point Arena, California, 455 fathoms, station 3348.
Off the Farallones, California, 552 fathoms, station 3162.
Off San Francisco, California, 276 fathoms, station 3479.
Off Pigeon Point, California, 296 fathoms, station 3112.
Off Monterey Bay, California, 418-456 fathoms, stations 3126, 3127.
Off Point Sur, California, 328 fathoms, station 3186.

The identification of these specimens with P. magna is doubtful, but
as I have not had the opportunity of comparing them with the type,
they are placed here provisionally. Though from the same depth of
water, the integument is much firmer in our examples than in the type,
the carapace is deeper and its dorsal outline less arched, the branchial
ridge is straighter throughout the posterior half of its course, the palm in
the first pair of chelae is longer than the fingers.

The largest specimen, an ovigerous female
from station 3348, is 155 mm. long. The tel-

.... ... FIG. i. Pasiphcea. magna. Tel-

son is a little longer than the sixth segment of son (x i§). station 3348.

2O

RATHBUN

the abdomen, and reaches about to the end of the inner uropod ; it is
broadly channeled, extremity truncate or slightly convex, and armed with
about 13 slender bristles. Eyes brown in alcohol. In the first pair of
legs the palm is about one third longer than the fingers ; in the second
pair the right merus has 14 spines, the left 13.

PASIPH^EA PACIFIC A Rathbun.
Pasiphcea pacifica RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 905, 1902.

The carapace is a little less than half the length of the abdomen,
measured on the median line ; it is laterally compressed and rises into a
well-marked ridge extending nearly to the posterior margin and terminat-
ing anteriorly in the median tooth; the ridge is rounded except on

FIG. 2. Pasiphcea. pacifica. ? (X ij)- Station 3186.

the forward part of the gastric area, where it forms a thin, sharp keel
terminating in a sharp pointed tooth, which is not nearly so advanced as
the anterior margin. This tooth is variable, being more or less inclined
upward ; its terminal portion is usually slender, its anterior margin con-
cave. Median tooth of frontal margin narrow, rounded; infra-orbital
and antennal angles rounded and ill-defined; antero-lateral angle
rounded and slightly obtuse. Behind this angle the antero-lateral
margin runs almost directly backward for a short distance, then turns
abruptly downward, forming an obtuse angle, and joins obliquely the
infero-lateral margin. Above this sinus there is a sharp spine on a level
with the middle of the basal segment of the antenna. There is a well-
defined blunt ridge on each side of the carapace, running from the

DECAPODS 21

hepatic area backward over the branchial region nearly to the posterior
border of the carapace.

Eyes of moderate size, subglobular on somewhat smaller cylindrical
stalks, the corneas of a dark brownish color.

The flattened antennular spine does not reach the end of the basal
segment ; both of the flagella exceed the carapace in length. The second
antennae exceed in length the whole body; there is an acute spine on
the peduncle below the articulation of the scale ; the scale is long-oval,
armed with a spine at the distal end, and overreaches the antennular
peduncle by a third of its length.

The third maxillipeds extend as far forward as the end of the antennal
scale.

The first pair of legs, when extended forward, surpass the third
maxillipeds by the length of the dactylus ; the merus is either unarmed,
or may have one, two, or even three spines; the basal part of the
propodal segment is half again as long as the dactylus. The second
pair of legs are longer than the first by about half the length of the
fingers, and have longer and more slender chelae ; the second segment
is armed with a small spine at the distal end of its inferior margin. The
third pair reaches forward a little beyond the proximal end of the chela
of the preceding pair ; except for the first two segments, they are thread-
like ; all the segments are naked and unarmed ; the merus is about one
half the length of the whole appendage, and more than twice as long as
the propodus. The fourth pair of legs reaches scarcely to the middle
of the merus of the second pair; the lower margin of the dactylus,
propodus, and distal half of the carpus is fringed with bristles. The
fifth pair, when extended, reach to the middle of the merus of the
second pair ; the dactylus is elongate-oval, the margin of its distal half
fringed with long setae.

The second to sixth abdominal segments inclusive are carinated on
the median line. The sixth segment is from two thirds to three fourths
longer than the fifth; it is marked on either side by a
curved longitudinal ridge. Telson four fifths as long
as sixth segment ; dorsal surface channeled ; extremity *>£•
with a deep notch, bordered by spinules, which in- station 3455.
crease in size and are continued to the posterior outer angle of each
lobe ; the outer spinule is considerably longer than the others and is
very often broken off.

Dimensions. — Length of female, 64.8 mm. ; length of carapace, 20.3
mm.

Distribution.— This species occurs sparingly from Unalaska and the

22 RATHBUN

Gulf of Alaska southward to the Gulf of California, in 53 to 399 fathoms

(one specimen from 13 fathoms, if the label be correct). The following

are the specific localities of the Albatross represented :

North of Unalaska, 399 fathoms, station 3329.

Portlock Bank, Alaska, 230 fathoms, station 2858.

Off Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, 204 fathoms, station 2861.

Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, 238 fathoms, station 2862.

Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia, 67 fathoms, station 2863.

Strait of Fuca, 135-152 fathoms, stations 3449, 3454-3456.

Puget Sound, 82 fathoms, station 3067.

Off Tahwhit Head, Washington, 178 fathoms, station 3076.

Off Pigeon Point, California, 296 fathoms, station 3112.

Monterey Bay, California, 13-382 fathoms, stations 3134, 3202, 3669.

Off Point Sur, California, 316, 328 fathoms, stations 3188, 3186 (type).

Off San Simeon Bay, California, 53 fathoms, station 3191.

Off San Luis Obispo Bay, California, 252 fathoms, station 3195.

Off Point Conception, California, 278, 284 fathoms, stations 3198, 2892.

Santa Barbara Channel, California, 233-280 fathoms, stations 2840, 2960,

3199, 3200, 3201.

Off San Miguel Island, California, 376 fathoms, station 2896.
Off Santa Cruz Island, California, 266, 269 fathoms, stations 2947, 2948.
Off San Diego, California, 339 fathoms, station 2925.
Gulf of California, northwest of Tiburon Island, 145 fathoms, station

3° 1 5-

Our species differs from the others with carinated carapace in having

the branchiostegal spine situated above the angle of the antero-lateral

sinus.

PASIPH^EA EMARGINATA Rathbun.

Pasiph&a emarginata RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 905, 1902.

I have proposed the name P.faxoni for P. acntifrons Faxon, not Bate.
There are in the National Museum specimens which I believe to be P.
acutifrons Bate, from the west coast of Patagonia, 194 fathoms, station
2784, Albatross. P.faxoni differs from them in the broader median lobe
of the front ; in the antero-lateral sinus being an obtuse angle, while in
P. acutifrons it is a right angle or less ; in the sixth abdominal segment
compressed, blunt above, scarcely carinate, in P. acutifrons sharply cari-
nate ; in the telson much shorter than the sixth segment, in P. acutifrons
very little shorter ; in its shallower notch, which is broader than long.

P. emarginata differs from P. faxoni as follows :

The median carina is less sharp and less prominent ; the gastric tooth
smaller ; the carapace proportionally higher in its posterior portion, the
branchial ridge more sinuous ; the carapace relatively longer, being equal
to the first five segments and half of the sixth segment of the abdomen ;

DECAPODS 23

the telson is longer than the sixth segment, and at the posterior end is
notched with a very shallow V-shaped
sinus, so shallow that the extremity can
hardly be called ' forked.'

Dimensions. — Length of female 81
mm., of carapace 33.3 mm.

Distribution. — Santa Barbara Chan-
nel, California, 265 to 322 fathoms _

Stations 2903, 2904, 2960, FlG. 4. Pasi-pha,a emarginata. 5. Station

3200, and 3201). Gulf of California, ^Mxl)6 view °f Carapa°e (X '§)' *'
off Concepcion Bay, Lower California, 857 fathoms, station 3009 (type
locality).

PASIPH^A PRINCEPS Smith.

Pasiphae princeps SMITH, Kept. U. S. Commr. Fish and Fisheries for 1882,

p. 381, pi. v, fig. 2 (1884); op. cit. for 1885, p. 682 (1886).
Pasiphaeia princeps FAXON, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XVIII, 175, 1895.

One large female, 167 mm. long, was dredged by the Albatross off Sea
Lion Rock, Washington, in 859 fathoms, station 3075; and one small
specimen about 47 mm. long, north of Unalaska, in 399 fathoms, station

3329-

I have at hand only one specimen determined by Professor Smith. It was

taken south of Marthas Vineyard in 538 fathoms, at station 2546. It
measures 150 mm. long. It differs from the type in having the carina
of the posterior two thirds of the carapace well marked though blunt, in
the gastric tooth projecting well beyond the frontal margin, the anterior
(or inferior) margin of this spine contiguous with the dorsal surface of
the carapace in advance of the spine, and in having the merus of the first
and second pairs of feet armed with numerous spines (instead of the first
pair unarmed and the second pair few-spined). The antero-lateral sinus
is rectangular, as in the figure of the type.

In five smaller specimens from off Cape Romain, South Carolina, 353
fathoms, station 2626, and two from off Marthas Vineyard, 349 fathoms,
station 1093, the gastric tooth projects only a little beyond the frontal
margin, and the antero-lateral sinus has margins oblique to each other ;
otherwise as in the preceding.

In the specimen from off Ecuador described by Faxon (loc. cit.} the
merus of the first pair of feet is unarmed.

The Washington specimen agrees quite closely with that from station
2546, excepting that the median carina of the carapace is sharper along
its posterior two thirds. The small individual from Bering Sea may

RATHBUN

prove to be distinct ; the gastric spine is shaped as in the figured type,
but a little narrower and more ascending; the merus of the first pair
of feet has one or two spines, of the second pair many spines.

Distribution.— North Atlantic, from lat. 39° 56' oo" N., long. 69° 45'
oo" W. to lat. 32° 27' 30" N., long. 77° 20' 30" W., 349 to 1342
fathoms. North Pacific: Bering Sea, 399 fathoms; Washington, 859
fathoms. Ecuador, 1132 fathoms.

PASIPH^EA CORTEZIANA Rathbun.
Pasiphcea corteziana RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 905, 1902.

Carapace equal to the first five segments and part of the sixth segment
of the abdomen. Gastric tooth dentiform, continued back in a very blunt
carina; tip acute, upper margin nearly horizontal, anterior margin in-
clined slightly forward and upward, not as produced as the anterior

margin of the carapace. Median
lobe of front triangular, obtuse.
Branchiostegal spine small, inserted
near the antero-lateral angle just be-
hind the anterior margin. Antero-
lateral sinus with sides forming an
obtuse angle.

The eye-stalks are only slightly
enlarged distally, the cornese reddish
brown. The flattened antennular
scale falls short of the end of the

FIG. 5. Pasiphipa corteziana. Station 3627. a.
Side view of carapace (X 2)- b- Telson (X 2§)-
c. Hand of second pair (x 2§).

first peduncular segment. End of antennal scale more lobiform than in
P. pacifica. The merus of the first pair of legs is armed with 3 or 4
spines; of the second pair, with many spines. Distal end of second
segment of second pair ending in a small spine ; fingers longer than palm.

Abdomen without median carina. Telson very nearly as long as the
sixth segment, and forked with a deep sinus.

For the rest, almost as in P. pacifica.

Dimensions. — Length of male 64 mm., of carapace 23.8 mm.

Type locality. — Near Cortez Bank, Calif., in lat. 32044' oo" N., long.
119° 32' oo" W., 776 fathoms (Albatross station 3627).

PASIPH^A AFFINIS Rathbun.

Pasiphcea affinis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 905, 1902.
Very closely related to P. corteziana.
Carapace equal to the first four segments and half of the fifth seg-

DECAPODS

ment of the abdomen ; not carinated behind gastric tooth ; outline much
as in the preceding, as are also the eyes and antennae. Second to sixth
abdominal segments inclusive carinate ; telson very nearly as long as the
sixth segment, less deeply notched than in Pasiphcea corteziana.

The side view strongly resembles that of
P. corteziana, from which the carinated ab-
domen and shorter carapace without median
carina at once distinguish it.

Dimensions. — Length of male 6 7 mm., length

nf rnrir>arp •? •? mm FIG. 6. Pasif>ha>a affinis. Sta-

. carapace 22 mm. tion 2gig a Tel?on (x 3^ b

Type locality. — Near Cortez Bank, Calif., Hand of second pair <X2>.
lat. 32° 17' oo" N., long. 119° 17' oo" W., 984 fathoms (Albatross
station 2919).

Genus Parapasiphae Smith.

PARAPASIPH^: SERRATA Rathbun.

Parapasipluz serrata RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 904, 1902.

Carapace and rostrum as long as the first five abdominal somites.
The median carina extends backward to the posterior fifth of the cara-

FIG. 7. Parapasipha serrata. ? (X about ij). Station 2919.

pace or the cervical groove, and forward along the high thin rostrum
which reaches half way along the eye-stalks ; the carina is a little concave
at the middle of the carapace and anteriorly slopes downward, and is
armed with 16 small teeth or spines, two of which are on the rostrum and
one is terminal; below this spine the rostrum is a compressed, finely
crenulate lobe. Orbital and antennal angles blunt. There is a small
spine just behind the orbital angle, and another still farther back in a

26 RATHBUN

line with the acicle. The branchiostegal sinus is rectangular, the angle
rounded. From the post-antennal spine a ridge runs nearly straight
back, with one interruption, almost to the posterior margin. A groove
runs from just in front of the middle of the posterior margin vertically
half way down the carapace.

Eyes light brown, almost colorless in alcohol, nearly as wide as their
stalks. The antennular scale, which is foliaceous and has a sharp spine
at the upper extremity, is as long as the basal joint of the peduncle.
Antennal scale nearly half as long as carapace proper, elongate-oval,
with a stout midrib, and its outer border thickened and ending in a
slender terminal spine.

The external maxillipeds, which are stouter than any of the last three
pairs of legs, reach almost to the tip of the antennal scale ; all their joints
are setose ; the antepenultimate segment is broadened in its middle por-
tion, tapering at each end.

The first two pairs of legs are similar in form, the second pair the
longer and about half the length of the body. In the first pair, the pos-
terior border of the merus and palm are spinous, and the distal angles of
the wrist are produced ; the fingers equal the palm in length. In the
second pair, the posterior border of the basis, ischium, merus, and palm is
spinous ; the angles of the wrist are more strongly produced ; the fingers
are nearly as long as the palm. In each case the hand forms about
two fifths of the entire length. The filiform third pair (tip broken off)
are equal in length to the carapace exclusive of the rostrum. The fourth
and fifth pairs have the terminal joint narrow-oval ; the fifth pair are the
longer and two thirds the length of carapace.

The first three abdominal somites are non-carinate, the fourth is pos-
teriorly produced in a thin compressed spine which is carinate and has a
slight notch at its base, visible in profile ; the sixth has a longitudinal
groove on either side. The telson is a little longer than the sixth somite,
shorter than the inner uropod, and much shorter than the outer one ; it
is truncate at the tip.

Dimensions.— In an egg-laden female the length of the carapace and
rostrum is 23.6 mm., the rostrum 1.8 mm., the abdomen 42 mm.

Type locality.— Off Cortez Bank, Calif., 984 fathoms (Albatross station
2919), one female.

This species is akin to P. gilesii Wood-Mason, from the Indian Ocean,
which also has a serrated carina running the whole length of the cara-
pace, but the character of the rostrum alone separates it distinctly from
that species. In P. gilesii, the rostrum is a fine, acute, upcurved spine,
extending about a third of its length beyond the eyes.

DECAPODS 27

Family OPLOPHORID&.
Genus Acanthephyra A. Milne Edwards.

ACANTHEPHYRA CURTIROSTRIS Wood-Mason.

Acanthephyra curtirostris WOOD-MASON, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vii, 195,
1891; IX, 364, fig. 5, 1892. 111. Zool. Investigator, Crustacea, pi. in,
fig. 4, 1892.— FAXON, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., xvin, 164, pi. XLIII,
figs. 2-5, 1895.— ALCOCK, Desc. Cat. Indian Deep-Sea Crust., 81, 1901.

Distribution. — Arabian Sea, 937-1043 fathoms; Bay of Bengal, 364-
913 fathoms ; Andaman Sea, 922 fathoms (Alcock). From off San Diego,
California, to off Gulf of Panama, 458-2232 fathoms. Off San Diego,
623 fathoms, one male of the typical form (Albatross station 2929);
Gulf of California, 857 and 1005 fathoms (Albatross stations 3009
and 3010) ; see also Faxon, loc. cit.

Genus Hymenodora Sars.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HYMENODORA.

A. Rostrum very short, not reaching beyond the first

antennular segment glacialis.

A'. Rostrum reaching end of antennular peduncle . . . frontalis.

HYMENODORA GLACIALIS (Buchholz).

Pasiphae glacialis BUCHHOLZ, Zweite Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt, II, 279, pi. I,
fig. 2, 1874.

Hymenodora glacialis G. O. SARS, Arch, for Math, og Naturvid., II, 241,
1877; Norske-Nordhavs-Exped. , Crustacea, I, 37, 275, pi. IV, 1885. —
SMITH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vii, 501, 1885 (part); Kept. U. S. Fish
Commr. for 1885, 678, pi. XV, figs. 3, 10, pi. xvi, fig. 5, 1886.

Distribution. — Between Norway and Greenland, lat. 63° to 80° N.,
452 to 1862 fathoms (Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition); Faroe
Channel (Knight Errant}. East coast of North America (U. S. Fish
Commission) : Lat. 42° 48' oo" N., long. 50° 55' 30" W., 826 fathoms (sta-
tion 2428) ; lat. 40° 03' 30" N.,long. 67° 27' 15" W., 1149 fathoms (station
2535) ; lat. 38° 19' 26" N., long. 68° 20' 20" W., 2369 fathoms (Smith) ;
lat. 37° 12' 20" N.,long. 69° 36' oo" W., 2949 fathoms (Smith). Bering
Sea, south of Pribilof Islands, 1401 fathoms (station 3604), i $ . East of
Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, 1 569 fathoms (station 2859), 2 $ . Gulf of
California, 857 fathoms (station 3009); 905 and 1218 fathoms (Faxon).
Gulf of Panama, 1832 fathoms (Faxon). Off Ecuador, 1740 fathoms
(Faxon).

28

RATHBUN

HYMENODORA FRONTALIS Rathbun.
Hymenodora frontalis Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 904, 1902.

Integument very thin, but firmer than in H. glacialis; covered with
fine wrinkles or rugose lines. Carapace and rostrum more than half as
long as abdomen ; median carina extending almost or quite to the mid-
dle of the carapace, and advanced in a rostrum which is unusually long
for the genus, being from two fifths to one half as long as the remainder
of the carapace, and reaching the end or a little beyond the end of the
antennular peduncle. The rostrum is a slender, sharp-pointed spine ;
distal half slightly curved upward and usually unarmed, basal half armed

FIG. 8. Hymenodora frontalis. $ (X about 2). Station 3308.

with from 3 to 6 small spines above, two or three of which are beyond the
line of the orbit. Occasionally there is a single spine on the distal half.
Orbit deep ; a tiny spine tips the suborbital lobe. Antennal spine strong ;
from it a sharp carina runs back subparallel to the side margin quite to
the posterior margin. Above this the branchial region bears a blunt
ridge, chiefly longitudinal, but bent down at either end ; a deep groove
extends obliquely downward and backward from the orbital sinus nearly
to the lower carina.

The eyes reach to the middle of the basal segment of the antennulae ;
they are without pigment, and bear a slender, blunt spine close up to the
cornea on the inner margin. The antennular peduncles are short, the
segments diminishing successively in length ; basal scale narrow-oval, as
seen from above ; upper flagellum very thick at base. Antennal scale
lanceolate, outer margin nearly straight, tipped with a small spine ;
peduncle very stout, attaining the end of the first antennular segment.

DECAPODS 29

The outer maxillipeds do not reach the end of the antennal scale ; the
first pair of feet reach to the middle of the scale ; the second pair extend
not quite so far, and are more slender ; the third pair reach nearly to or
beyond the end of the scale ; the fifth pair to the end of the antennal
peduncle. The meral and propodal joints of the last three pairs are
furnished with fine setae.

Abdomen devoid of a median carina or median spines ; the sixth seg-
ment is two and a half times as long as the fifth, and between three
fourths and four fifths as long as the telson. The telson is about as long
as the outer branch, longer than the inner branch of the swimmeret ; it
is armed with 7 to 9 spinules on either side and 4 long spines at the
end. Eggs few and very large, the greatest diameter equaling the length
of the fifth abdominal segment.

Dimensions. — Male, length of carapace and rostrum 19 mm., of
rostrum 6.5 mm., of abdomen 32.5 mm.

Distribution. — From Bering Sea to off Monterey Bay, California, and
Kamchatka; 322 to 1771 fathoms.

Taken at the following stations of the Albatross :
North of Rat Islands, Aleutians, 850 fathoms, station 3784.
Southwest of Pribilof Islands, 1625, 1771 fathoms, stations 3308, 3603.
North of Islands of Four Mountains, 1033 fathoms, station 3307.
South of Pribilof Islands, 1401 fathoms, station 3604.
West of Unalaska (type locality), 322 fathoms, station 3327.
North of Unalaska, 399 fathoms, station 3329.
Southeast of Chirikof Island, 695 fathoms, station 3340.
East of Prince of Wales Island, 1569 fathoms, station 2859.
Off Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, 1588 fathoms, station

3342.

Off Destruction Island, Washington, 516 fathoms, station 3343.
Off Sea Lion Rock, Washington, 636-877 fathoms, stations 3070, 3071,

3074» 3°75-
Off Monterey Bay, California, 418 fathoms, station 3127.

Off Copper Island, Kamchatka, 1567 fathoms, station 3783.

Relations. — The rostrum of this species approaches that of H. rostrata
Bate, but is considerably longer; the pleon is like that of H. gladalis
(Buchholz), H. glauca Bate, and H. molliciitis Bate in being without median
carina and spines.

Family PAL^EMONID^E.
Genus Palaemon Fabricius.

PAL^EMON RITTERI Holmes.

In this species either one or two of the seven or eight dorsal teeth are
situated behind the rostrum. Three ventral teeth.

30 RATHBUN

Distribution.— From San Diego, California (type locality), to Gulf of
California. Bay of St. Elena, Ecuador (Nobili). Specimens are in the Na-
tional Museum from San Bartolome Bay, Magdalena Bay, and La Paz
Harbor, Lower California, and Carmen Island, in the Gulf of California;
all of these were collected by the Albatross.

PAL^EMONETES KADIAKENSIS Rathbun.

Palcemonetes kadiakensis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 903, 1902.

Rostrum about as long as the carapace ; it may be a little longer or a

little shorter; nearly horizontal, very slightly upcurved, dorsally 6- or

FIG. 9. P&UemoiUtes kadiakensis. ? (X 2§)- Kadiak.

7-serrate, one tooth behind the orbit, ventrally 2- or 3-serrate. Sub-
orbital angle rounded, a spine just below it, also an antennal spine;
antero-lateral angle rounded.

Eye wider than the stalk, light-colored in alcohol, a small black ocellus
above near its margin. Antennular peduncle reaches about four fifths
the length of antennal scale, basal joint the longest, having an outer scale
which projects along one third of the second joint, and is tipped at its
outer distal angle with a small spine. The outer filament of the outer
flagellum is over half as long as the body; the inner filament is very
short, equaling in length the last segment of the peduncle ; inner flagel-
lum about three fourths as long as outer.

DECAPODS 31

Antennal scale as long or nearly as long as the carapace, oblong, the
blade projecting considerably beyond the scale ; preceding segment
armed with a small spine at the outer base of the scale ; peduncle not
quite reaching end of first antennular segment ; flagellum one and a third
times the length of the body.

Outer maxillipeds very slender, reaching when extended only a small
bit beyond the antennal peduncle. Feet of first pair reaching nearly to
end of scale, carpus longer than merus, enlarged distally, and more than
twice as long as propodus, fingers subequal in length to palm and covered
with hair. Feet of second pair reaching beyond scale by half the length
of propodus ; carpus one and a half times merus, propodus three fourths
length of carpus and no wider than in the first pair ; fingers shorter than
palm. The third to fifth pairs of feet increase successively in length by
about half the length of the dactyli ; the fourth pair reaches just to the
end of the scale ; dactyli slender and contained about three times in
their propodi, which are sparingly spinulous.

Sixth abdominal segment twice as long as fifth, and nearly as long as
the telson. Swimmerets longer than the telson, the outer branch longer
than the inner.

Dimensions.— Length of ? 39 mm., length of carapace and rostrum
15 mm., of rostrum 7 mm.

Type locality.— Kadiak Island, Alaska, under stones at low water;
William J. Fisher, collector.

The abdomen is much longer than in P. vulgaris Say of the Atlantic
coast of North America, the sixth segment being one third again as long
as in P. vulgaris with equal carapace ; the rostral teeth are fewer, the
acicle larger, the chelipeds of the second pair more slender. From P.
varians Leach it differs in its longer rostrum, shorter feet of the second
pair, in which the relative length of the segments also is quite different.

Genus Urocaris Stimpson.
UROCARIS INFRASPINIS Rathbun.

Urocaris infraspinis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 903, 1902.

Closely allied to U. longicaudata Stimpson of the West Indian region.

Carapace and rostrum equal in length to the first three segments and
half of the fourth segment of the abdomen. Rostrum not reaching
end of second antennular segment, convex above, armed with 5 to 7
teeth above, i or 2 small teeth below near tip, tip acuminate; behind the
rostrum a median gastric spine. Suborbital angle blunt. Antennal and
hepatic spines of good size. Eyes two thirds as long as first antennular

RATHBUN

segment, a minute black ocellus above and toward the outside, and be-
yond the limit of the cornea.

FIG. 10. Urocaris infraspinis. 9 (X si)- Locality unknown, a. Side. b. Dorsal

view of anterior portion.

Antennular peduncle nearly as long as carapace, exclusive of rostrum ;
first segment broad, its thin outer margin armed with a spine on the basal
portion and another at the extremity ; the inner angle of the lateral ex-
pansion is advanced beyond the articulation of the second joint ; second
and third segments subequal and together nearly equal to the first. The
acicle is oblong, extremity oblique, produced at inner angle away beyond
outer spine, which is in line with end of antennular peduncle. The an-
tennal peduncle scarcely reaches end of first antennular segment; fla-
gellum as long as body.

The outer maxillipeds extend to the middle of the last joint of the an-
tennal peduncle. The first pair of feet reach ihe spine of the acicle;
merus, carpus, and propodus subequal, palm and fingers subequal. The
second pair of feet are as long as the distance from the end of the ros-
trum to the posterior end of the first abdominal somite; the ischium,
merus, and carpus subequal, palm a little shorter, swollen ; fingers nearly
as long as palm. Last three pairs of feet reaching about to end of acicle ;
dactyli short, with a slender spine on the under side.

Abdomen geniculated at the third segment. Posterior margin of all
the segments truncate. Sixth segment shorter than carapace (rostrum
excluded), less than twice as long as fifth segment, and a little longer than
the telson. Telson with two pairs of lateral spines, the outer uropods
much longer than the telson, the inner uropods intermediate in length
between the outer pair and the telson.

Dimensions.— Length of carapace and rostrum of ovigerous $ 6 mm.,
of rostrum 2.5 mm., of abdomen 15 mm.

DECAPODS 33

Type locality. — Gulf of California, in Concepcion Bay, Lower Calif.,
two ? (Albatross).

Distribution. — Also taken at San Diego Bay, California, 3 fathoms
(Albatross station 3567) ; Gulf of California, off San Josef Island, Lower
California, 8 fathoms, station 3006 ; Guaymas, Mexico, inner harbor
(P. L. Jouy, collector). One lot without label was associated with Crangon
nigromaculata Lockington.

Relations.— Teas species, while having the general appearance of U.
longicaudata, is markedly different : U. longicaudata has no antennal spine
on the carapace ; U. infraspinis has a distinct ocellus outside the cornea,
U. longicaudata has not ; in U. infraspinis the palm and fingers of the
first pair are subequal; in U. longicaudata the palm is longer than the
fingers; in U. infraspinis the carpus of the second pair is subequal to
the merus, the palm is a little shorter, and the fingers still shorter ; in U.
longicaudata the carpus, palm, and fingers are subequal to one another
and shorter than the merus; in our species the sixth abdominal somite
is shorter than the carapace, and less than twice as long as the fifth ; in
U. longicaudata the sixth segment is as long as the carapace (rostrum
excluded) and twice as long as the fifth.

Family PONTONIID&.
Genus Pontonia Latreille.

PONTONIA CALIFORNIENSIS Rathbun.
Pontonia californiensis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 902, 1902.

The carapace and rostrum exceed in length the first six segments of
the abdomen. Rostrum more than one third the length of the re-
mainder of the carapace, very narrow throughout, deflexed, reaching to
the middle of the second segment of the antennular peduncle. A tooth
on the anterior margin just above the base of the antenna. The eyes
reach to the middle of the first antennular segment. The lateral expan-
sion of this segment is broad behind and narrow in front, terminating in
a short spine at the anterior angle ; second segment one and a half times
as long as third, both together half as long as first. Scale about two fifths
as long as carapace, scarcely exceeding the antennular peduncle, the
spine of the scale about as produced as the blade. Antennal peduncle
reaching to end of scale.

Feet of first pair extending beyond the scale by the length of the
propodus and nearly the whole of the carpus ; merus and carpus subequal
and each twice the ischium ; propodus a little shorter than carpus ; palm

34

RATHBUN

and fingers subequal. The right foot of the second pair is missing ; the
left has a short, stout merus, carpus cup-shaped, with an inner distal
tubercle, and a tubercle near the middle of the distal
margin ; palm and fingers subequal in length, palm
two thirds as broad as long, inner edge marginate,
fingers gaping, prehensile edges denticulate, fringed

with long hair. Dac-
tyli of last three pairs
of feet with a sub-
terminal and a ter-
minal spine.

The telson is twice
as long as the pre-
ceding segment, and
has two pairs of
long lateral appressed
spines inserted on
the anterior half.
The outer uropod is as long as the tel-
son, the inner uropod a little longer.

Dimensions. — Length of carapace
and rostrum 6.7 mm., of rostrum 1.8
mm., of abdomen 9 mm.

Type locality. — Off Santa Cruz Is-
land, Calif., 30 fathoms (Albatross
station 2945), one female.

This is the only Pontonla described
from the west coast of North America,
the P. margarita of Smith being a Conchodytes.

FIG. n. Pontonia calif omiensis (X 4?)-
Station 2945.

Genus Periclimenes Costa.
PERICLIMENES TENUIPES (Holmes).

Anchista tenuipes HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 216, 1900.
Not P. tenuipes Borra-
daile, which may be
called P. borradailei,
nom. nov.

Distribution. — From San-
ta Catalina Island, Califor-
nia (Holmes), to Gulf of
California. The Albatross

, FIG. 12. Periclimenes tenuipes (X 4). Concepcion Bay.

Collected Specimens at «. Carapace, b. Foot of second pair.

DECAPODS 35

Concepcion Bay, Lower California, and at stations 2824 and 2825 in the
Gulf of California, 7 and 8 fathoms.

They agree with Dr. Holmes's description, except that the fingers of
the second pair of feet are only a little over half as long as the palm and
the postero-lateral angle of the sixth abdominal segment is subacute.

Family PANDALIDJZ.
Genus Pandalus Leach.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PANDALUS.

A. Third segment of abdomen in part compressed and carinated, the
carina forming a more or less well defined lobe or spine in front
of the posterior margin.
B. Third and fourth segments of abdomen armed with a median spine

on posterior margin borealis.

B'. Third and fourth segments of abdomen without median spine on

posterior margin.

C. Rostrum unarmed on distal half of superior margin . goniurus.
C'. Rostrum with spines on distal half of superior margin . jordani,
A'. Third segment of abdomen not compressed and carinated, and with-
out a median lobe or spine in front of posterior margin.
B. Dorsal spines not reaching behind middle of carapace.

C. Sixth abdominal segment more than twice as long as wide.
D. Carapace and abdomen covered with short transverse rugose

lines leptocerus.

D'. Carapace and abdomen smooth .... montagui tridens.
C'. Sixth abdominal segment less than twice as long as

wide platyceros.

B'. Dorsal spines extending behind middle of carapace.

C. Dorsal spines more than 15 (17-21) hypsinotus.

C'. Dorsal spines less than 1 5.

D. Rostrum one and a half or more than one and a half times as

long as carapace gurneyi.

D'. Rostrum less than one and a half times as long as carapace.
E. Antennal scale very narrow, the terminal half of the blade
narrower than the adjacent thickened portion stenolepis.
E'. Antennal scale of moderate width, the terminal half of the
blade not narrower than the adjacent thickened por-
tion dance.

PANDALUS BOREALIS Kroyer.

Pandalus borealis KROYER, Naturh. Tidsskrift, II, 254, 1838; (2)1, 461,
1845 ; in Gaimard's Voyage en Scandinavie, en Laponie, etc., pi. vi, fig. 2.
STIMPSON, Jour.Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, vi, 501 [6i],i857; Ann.Lyc.Nat.
Hist. N. Y., x, 128, 1871. — SMITH, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., v, 86,
1879. — BIRULA, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imper, Sci. St. Petersbourg,
1897, p. 420 [16] ; 1899, pp. 22 [3], 28 [9].

36 RATHBUN

Surface of body smooth and naked. Rostrum about one and three
fourths times as long as the carapace, slightly arched above the eyes,
terminal half slightly ascending ; slender, armed with 1 2 to 1 6 teeth above
(including 3 or 4 on the carapace), of which all but the one, two, or three
most anterior are movable, and 6 to 9 distant immovable teeth below,
diminishing in size anteriorly ; tip bifid, upper tooth the smaller. The
posterior of the dorsal spines lies between the middle and the anterior
third of the carapace ; the anterior is situated at least as far forward as
the distal third of the rostrum.

Antennal spine strong, pterygostomian slender, feeble. Eyes large,
pyriform.

Peduncle of antennulas reaching to the middle of antennal scale ;
second and third joints subequal ; outer flagellum twice as long as cara-
pace, its basal third thickened ; inner flagellum longer than outer. An-
tennal scale seven eighths as long as carapace, the blade obliquely
rounded at the end and exceeding the spine.

Antennal peduncle extending to end of second joint of antennular
peduncle ; flagellum longer than the body. Outer maxillipeds reaching
to distal fourth or nearly to end of scale. First pair of feet shorter, but
overreaching middle of scale. Of the second pair of feet, the right is
one and a half or one and two thirds times the length of carapace ; its
carpus is divided into 25 to 27 segments: the left is slenderer and one
fourth or one third again as long as the right ; its carpus has about 58
segments. The third, fourth, and fifth diminish slightly in length in the
order named, the third pair overreaching the scale by at least the length
of its dactyl. The dactyli are slender, and are contained in the propodi
from three to three and a half times.

The terminal portion of the third segment of the abdomen is com-
pressed and carinated ; a sharp spine or lobe pointing backward is situ-
ated at the posterior third of the segment; posterior margin produced
backward in an acute lobe terminating in a small spine. A similar spine
terminates the truncate fourth segment. Sixth segment elongate, about
twice as long as fifth; seventh armed with 7 to 10 aculei on each side,
and 4 terminal, of which the submedian pair are slenderer and about
half as long as the outer pair.

Dimensions. — Ovigerous female, length 13.5 cm., length of carapace
and rostrum 64 mm., of rostrum 41 mm.

Females carrying eggs were taken August 5th and 6th in Bering Sea
(stations 3528, 3530).

Distribution. — Circumpolar. Bering Sea and North Pacific southward
on the American coast to Columbia River; 29*^ to 350 fathoms.

DECAPODS 37

Okhotsk Sea (Brandt). On Atlantic coast of North America from
Greenland southward to Massachusetts Bay, 40 to 160 fathoms. Scan-
dinavia.

Juneau, Alaska, 50 fathoms (Harriman Expedition).

Taken by the Albatross at the following localities :
Bering Sea, southwest of St. Matthew Island, 59-77 fathoms, stations

353°. 3532.

Bering Sea, off Pribilof Islands, 39-184 fathoms, stations 3309, 3439-
3442, 3482-3489, 3491-3497, 3500, 3511, 3523, 3524, 3526-3528,

3533-3536> 353$, 3539, 3544, 3553-3556> 3559-356l> 3602, 3605,
3606, 3609, 3610.

Between Bristol Bay and Pribilof Islands, 29^-36 fathoms, stations 3252,
3253, 3306.

North of Rat Islands, 270 fathoms, station 3785.

North of Umnak Island, 49 fathoms, station 3537.

North of Unalaska, 61-350 fathoms, stations 3226 (i quart rejected), 3316
(309 fathoms, i specimen), 3317, 3318, 3331 (350 fathoms, i speci-
men).

Chernofski Harbor, Unalaska, 109 fathoms, station 3324.

Pumicestone Bay, Unalaska, 54 fathoms, station 3321.

Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 50-93 fathoms, stations 3310, 3311, 3313,
3314 (i quart rejected), 3334~3336-

Off Akutan Island, 56-91 fathoms, stations 2841, 2842, 3548, 3549.

Off south entrance to Akutan Pass, 45 fathoms, station 2843.

Off Aektok Island, 54 fathoms, station 2844.

Northwest of Unimak Island, 41—121 fathoms, stations 3224 (*4 peck
discarded), 3225 (2 bushels rejected), 3257 (i peck rejected), 3258,
3259, 3263 (2 quarts rejected).

Unimak Pass, 34 fathoms, station 3220.

North of Unimak Island, 49 fathoms, stations 3256, 3542.

Davidson Bank, 42 fathoms, station 2845.

South of Unimak Island, 61 fathoms, station 3216.

Off Kudobin Islands, 36-53 fathoms, stations 3278, 3279 (i pint rejected),
3280, 3282, 3283.

Shumagins, 48-110 fathoms, stations 2847, 2848 (abundant), 2849, 2852.

South of Trinity Islands, 67 fathoms, station 3341.

Off Sitkalidak Island, 60 to 69 fathoms, stations 2854, 2855.

Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia, 67 fathoms, station 2863.

Strait of Fuca, 40-152 fathoms, stations 3445, 3446, 3451, 3453, 3455,
3458-3462, 3464, 3465, 3596, 3597.

Washington Sound, Strait of Fuca, 48 fathoms, station 2864 (very numer-
ous).

Puget Sound, 82 fathoms, station 3067.

Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, 40 fathoms, station 2865.

Off Cape Flattery, Washington, 38 fathoms, station 2872.

Off Columbia River, 68 fathoms, station 2882.

Station 3675 (locality not given), no fathoms.

Unalaska (Brandt).

38 RATHBUN

PANDALUS GONIURUS Stimpson.
Plate i, fig. 3.

Pandalus goniurus STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xn, 36 [105],

1860.
Pandalus dapifer MURDOCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VII, 519, 1884; Marine

Invertebrates, in Kept. International Exped. to Pt. Barrow, Alaska, 141,

pi. I, figs. 2-20, 1885. — RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands

of the North Pacific Ocean, Pt. Ill, 557, 1899.

Allied to P. borealis. Rostrum one and a half times as long as cara-
pace, terminal half ascending, posterior half horizontal ; armed above
with 8 to 9 movable spines, including 3 on carapace ; the anterior spine
behind middle of rostrum, the posterior spine in front of middle of
carapace; lower limb deeper in front of eye than in P. borealis, and
armed with 6 or 7 immovable spines ; tip bifid, upper tooth smaller.

Antennular flagella shorter than in P. borealis, the inner and longer
one being one and a half times as long as carapace. The spine at the
antero-lateral angle of the antennal scale extends nearly to the end of
the blade. Antennal peduncle falls a little short of end of second joint
of antennular peduncle ; flagellum nearly as long as body.

Carpus of right foot of second pair divided into 18 to 20 articles; the
left foot nearly one and a half times the right and with 51 to 54 articles.

The third segment of the abdomen possesses a lobe as in P. borealis,
but the lobe is blunt, not sharp ; the median line in front of the lobe is
nearly horizontal ; the posterior margin is only slightly produced back-
wards at its middle ; and it, as well as the fourth segment, is devoid of a
median spine. The sixth segment is a little shorter than in P. borealis;
seventh segment bears 5 to 6 lateral spinules.

Otherwise as in P. borealis.

Sometimes occurs with P. borealis, though an inhabitant of shallower
water. They are easily distinguished by the presence of spines on the
anterior half of the top of the rostrum in P. borealis and the absence of
the same in P. goniurus; and by the blunt rather than sharp lobe on the
third abdominal segment in the last-named species, as well as the
absence of median spines from the posterior margin of the third and
fourth segments.

Dimensions. — Large female: Length 90 mm., length of carapace and
rostrum 41.5 mm., of rostrum 25.2 mm.

Distribution. — Ranges from the Arctic coast of Alaska southward to
Okhotsk Sea on the one side and Puget Sound on the other, in 3 to 100
fathoms. Its occurrence below 50 fathoms is exceptional.

Taken by the Albatross at the following localities :

DECAPODS 39

Bering Sea, off St. Matthew Island and Pribilof Islands, 21-59 fathoms,
stations 3439, 3513, 3514, 3523> 3524, 3531. 3536> 3611.

Off Nunivak Island, 17-24 fathoms, stations 3516, 3517.

Off Cape Newenham, 17 fathoms, station 3247 (i gallon rejected).

Off Hagemeister Island, 4^-17^ fathoms, stations 3243, 3244, 3246.

Kulukak Bay, 11-14)4 fathoms, stations 3240-3242 ()4 peck rejected).

Off Kulukak Bay, 15-17 fathoms, stations 3300, 3301 (2 quarts rejected).

Bristol Bay, 5-18 fathoms, stations 3233, 3234, 3236, 3238.

Off Bristol Bay, 25^-36 fathoms, stations 3251-3253, 33°2 (l quar*
rejected), 3303, 3306, 3501.

Off Cape Menshikof, 24 fathoms, station 3296.

Off Cape Strogonof, 26-32 fathoms, stations 3291-3294.

Herendeen Bay. p^

Off Cape Seniavin, 35-37 fathoms, stations 3285, 3286.

Off Kudobin Islands, 36-39 fathoms, stations 3281, 3283 (i pint
rejected).

Off Cape Leontovich, 18-22 fathoms, stations 3275, 3276.

Off Amak Island, 19-39 fathoms, stations 3273, 3274.

Off Unimak Island, 32-34 fathoms, stations 3256, 3259, 3267.

Pumicestone Bay, Unalaska, 54 fathoms, station 3321.

Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia, 67 fathoms, station 2863.

Strait of Fuca, 48-53 fathoms, stations 3460, 3465.

Washington Sound, Strait of Fuca, 48 fathoms, station 2864.

Bellingham Bay, Washington, n fathoms, station 3612.

Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, 40 fathoms, station 2865.

Off Cape Nalacheff, Kamchatka, 39-42 fathoms, station 3781.

Avacha Bay, Kamchatka, 16 fathoms, station 3642.

Southeast coast of Kamchatka, 96-100 fathoms, stations 3643, 3644.

Off Robben Island, Okhotsk Sea, 18-28 fathoms, stations 3646, 3647,

3649. 365°-

Collected by W. H. Dall :

Off Cape Sabine, 13 fathoms.

Hagemeister Strait, 8-15 fathoms.

Iliuliuk Harbor and Captains Harbor, Unalaska, 3-15 fathoms.

Shores of Amaknak Island.

Popof Strait, Shumagin Islands.

Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet, 20-60 fathoms.

Other specimens in the National Museum are from :
Ten miles west of Point Franklin, Alaska, 13^ fathoms (Point Barrow

Expedition, types of P. dapifer Murdoch).
Bering Strait (Dr. Robert White).

Lat. 66° I2' N., long. 168° 54' W. (Lieutenant G. M. Stoney, U. S. N.).
Lat. 63° 50' N., long. 167° 21' W., 17 fathoms (Lieutenant G. M.

Stoney, U. S. N.).

Off mouth Yukon, 3^ fathoms (E. W. Nelson).
Bering Island (N. Grebnitzky) ; some specimens found in stomach of

Gadus macrocephalus.

Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka (L. Stejneger).
Avacha Bay (Stimpson).

4O RATHBUN

PANDALUS JORDANI Rathbun.
Plate n, fig. 3.

Pandalus jordani RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 900, 1902.

Surface smooth and shining. Rostrum about one and three fourths
times as long as carapace, slightly arched above the eyes, terminal two
thirds ascending; slender, armed with 14 to 17 spines above, includ-
ing 4 on the carapace ; distal three immovable, others movable ; closer to-
gether above the eye ; 7 to 10 immovable spines below, extending nearer
to tip than superior spines ; tip acuminate ; the posterior of the dorsal
spines lies between the middle and the anterior third of the carapace.

Antennal spine strong; pterygostomian small, slender. Eyes large,
pyriform.

Peduncle of antennulse reaching to middle of antennal scale ; second
and third joints subequal ; flagella subequal, one and a half times as long
as carapace, thickened portion of outer flagellum extending half its length
beyond the antennal scale. Scale three fourths to four fifths as long as
carapace, extremity of blade broadly rounded, and equally produced with
the spine ; antennal peduncle reaching to end of second segment of an-
tennular peduncle ; flagellum one fourth longer than body.

Outer maxillipeds slender, not reaching end of acicle. First pair of
feet a little shorter ; of the second pair, the right foot extends about to
end of scale, the left may be half again as long; the right carpus has 19
to 22 segments, the left 58 to 63 segments. The last three pairs of feet
diminish a little in length successively, the third pair exceeding the scale
slightly ; their dactyli are elongate, and are contained from two and a
half to two and four fifths times in their propodi.

The third segment of the abdomen is compressed and its posterior
half carinated, the carina interrupted by a slight lobe at the posterior third
of the segment ; this lobe is of varying size, at no time strong, and hav-
ing a tendency to disappear in large specimens, where it may occur only
as a slight unevenness in the curve seen in profile ; posterior margin well
produced backward, rounded, unarmed ; fourth segment with posterior
margin truncate, entire; sixth about twice as long as fifth and three
fourths as long as seventh, which has 10 to 13 lateral aculei on each
side.

Females bearing eggs taken in January and February off southern
California.

Dimensions.— Ovigerous female, length 124.5 mm., length of cara-
pace and rostrum 59.5 mm., of rostrum 38 mm.

DECAPODS 41

Distribution. — From Unalaska to southern California, 35 to 178
fathoms :
Monterey and San Pedro, California (D. S. Jordan, 1880).

Taken by the Albatross at the following localities :

Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 85, 68 fathoms, station 3311 (i specimen),

station 3313 (i specimen).
Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia, 67 fathoms, station 2863 (i

specimen).

Strait of Fuca, 98-152 fathoms, stations 3447~3456> 3458, 3459, 3461.
Off Strait of Fuca, 142 fathoms, station 3457.
Flattery Bank, Washington, 77 fathoms, station 3673.
Off Tahwhit Head, Washington, 178 fathoms, station 3076.
Near Flattery Rocks, Washington, 171 fathoms, station 2866.
Off Grays Harbor, Washington, 48-58 fathoms, stations 2870, 3046

(abundant), 3047 (abundant), 3048.

Off Columbia River, 55-68 fathoms, stations 2882 (abundant), 3066.
Off Tillamook Rock, Oregon, 46 fathoms, station 3064.
Off False Tillamook, Oregon, 62 fathoms, station 3090.
Off Siletz Bay, Oregon, 77 fathoms, station 3059.
Off Heceta Bank, Oregon, 93 fathoms, station 3080.
Off Point Arena, California, 51 fathoms, station 3251.
Off Bodega Head, California, 167 fathoms, station 3170.
Off Tomales Point, California, 57 fathoms, station 3175.
Off Drake Bay, California, 35 fathoms, station 3155.
Monterey Bay, California, 56 and 68 fathoms, stations 3666, 3671.
San Luis Obispo Bay, California, 77 fathoms, station 3197.
Off Santa Cruz Island, California, 155 fathoms, station 2949 (type

locality).
Southwest of San Nicholas Island, California, 158 fathoms, station 2898.

Distinguished from P. borealis, which has a similar rostrum, by the
reduction of the abdominal lobe or hump, and the absence of posterior
median spines on third and fourth segments.

PANDALUS MONTAGUI TRIDENS Rathbun.

Plate n, fig. 2.

f Pandalus annulicornis RICHTERS, Abh. Senck. Natur. Gesell., xin, 405,
1884. Bering Sea, N. of Akutan Pass, 70 fath. ; Plover Bay.

Pandalus montagui RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the
North Pacific Ocean, Pt. Ill, 557, 1899.

Pandalus montagui tridens RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 901,
1902.

Distinguished from the three foregoing species by its non-carinated ab-
domen devoid of a hump. Rostrum slender, from one and a half to one
and four fifths times the length of carapace. Dorsal spines 10 to 12 in

42 RATHBUN

number, all movable, and situated, 3 to 5 on the carapace, and the re-
mainder on the basal half of the rostrum. Posterior spine just in front
of middle of carapace. Inferior spines 6 or 7, rigid. Distal two thirds
of rostrum ascending ; tip trifid.

Outer margin of acicle slightly arcuate, blade truncate at tip, spine
stout, reaching to or beyond the end of blade.

The outer maxillipeds may fall short of or exceed the scale. Carpus
of right foot of second pair divided into 20 to 28 segments, of left foot
into about 74 segments.

Dactyli of last three pairs short, being contained from five and a half
to seven and a half times in their propodi. Last pair reaching end of
acicle or beyond.

No median spines on abdomen ; third segment produced moderately
backward at the middle, margin broadly rounded at that point. Lateral
aculei of telson 5 to 7.

Dimensions. — Female, station 2842, length 104 mm., length of cara-
pace and rostrum 48.5 mm., of rostrum 30.2 mm.

The largest specimen on the Pacific coast was taken off Point Arena,
California, in 239 fathoms. It measures no mm. long, carapace and
rostrum 53 mm., rostrum 34 mm.

Distribution.— From Bering Sea to Point Arena, California, 3-351
fathoms.

Taken by the Albatross at the following localities :
Off Pribilof Islands, 25-184 fathoms, stations 3482-3491, 3494, 3496,

3497, 35°°> 35°4, 35°5, 353s, 3540, 3544, 3552, 3554, 3558~3561,
3602, 3605, 3611, 3637.

Off Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, 55 fathoms, station 3599.

Off Unalaska, 59-351 fathoms, stations 3236, 3315, 3317, 3319, 3330,

3331-

Pumicestone Bay, Unalaska, 35-54 fathoms, stations 3321, 3322 (i quart
rejected at each station).

Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 85 fathoms, station 3311.

Off Akutan Island, 36-91 fathoms, stations 2842 (type locality, abun-
dant), 3546, 3548.

Off south entrance to Akutan Pass, 45 fathoms, station 2843.

Northwest of Unimak Island, 43-70 fathoms, stations 3258, 3262.

Unimak Pass, 34-56 fathoms, stations 3220, 3222, 3223.

Northeast of Unimak Island, 38 fathoms, station 3265.

Davidson Bank, 42—43 fathoms, stations 2845, 3215.

South of Unimak Island, 42-61 fathoms, stations 3216, 3217.

Southwest and south of Sannak Islands, 38-44 fathoms, stations 2846,
3213, 3214 (abundant).

North of Amak Island, 39 fathoms, station 3273.

Off Kudobin Islands, 36-53 fathoms, stations 3279, 3281, 3282.

DECAPODS 43

Shumagins, 21-69 fathoms, stations 2847, 2849-2852.

Off Shumagin Bank, 138 fathoms, station 3339 (i peck rejected).

Off the Trinity Islands, 67-159 fathoms, stations 2853, 3341.

Portlock Bank, 51-230 fathoms, stations 2856 (abundant), 2857, 2858.

Off Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, 204 fathoms, station 2861.

Near Flattery Rocks, Washington, 171 fathoms, station 2866.

Off Point Arena, California, 239 fathoms, station 3349.

Small specimens were collected by Dr. Dall at Bay of Islands, Adak,
Nazan Bay, Atka, and Iliuliuk Harbor and Captains Harbor, Una-
laska, in 3 to 80 fathoms.

Puget Sound (T. Kincaid).

Berg Bay, Glacier Bay (Harriman Expedition).

Juneau, 20 fathoms (Harriman Expedition).

I have separated this form from P. montagui Leach of the North
Atlantic on account of its somewhat longer rostrum, which varies from one
and a half to one and two thirds times the carapace, the dorsal spines
terminating behind the middle of the rostrum, while in typical P. monta-
gui the rostrum is from one and two fifths to one and a half times the
carapace, and its dorsal spines reach to or in front of its middle. In P.
montagui the tip is bifid ; in the subspecies usually trifid.

PANDALUS LEPTOCERUS Smith.

Pandalus leptocerus SMITH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ill, 437, 1881 ; Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., X, 58, 1882; Kept. U. S. Commr. of Fish and
Fisheries for 1882, 367 [23], pi. v, fig. i, 1884. — A. MlLNE EDWARDS,
Recueil Planches Exped. Travailleur, pi. xxn, 1883.

An elongate species. Surface of carapace and abdomen roughened
with short and irregular transverse, punctate ridges, which give rise to
very short, bristle-like hairs.

Rostrum from about one and a third to nearly twice as long as the
rest of the carapace, and curved very slightly upward ; armed above
with ii to 13 movable spines, of which one is near the tip and usually
only two on the carapace proper, while a considerable space back of
the terminal spine is unarmed; below 6 to 8 immovable spines. The
posterior dorsal spine is considerably in front of the middle.

Outer maxillipeds provided with an exopod ; the endopod falls short of
the end of the antennal scale, and the first pair of feet are correspond-
ingly shorter than the maxillipeds. Right leg of second pair reaches
about to end of first pair; carpus has 5 segments, proximal half undi-
vided, and followed by 3 subequal segments, each about as long as broad,
together equal to terminal segment ; chela about half as long as carpus.
The left leg of second pair has 52 to 64 segments in the carpus; the

44 RATHBUN

merus and distal end of ischium are also faintly segmented. The last
three pairs of legs are very slender, and have slender, nearly cylindrical
dactyli, which have only a few small spinules beneath near the base, and
are contained between two and three times in their propodi.

Abdomen more slender than in P. montagui tridens. Otherwise as in
that species.

Dimensions.— Female (off Cape Ann, Massachusetts), length 98 mm.,
carapace and rostrum 43.5 mm., rostrum 27.4 mm.

Distribution. — Very common on the Atlantic coast of America from
Nova Scotia to Chesapeake Bay in 15 to 321 fathoms.

One specimen only has been taken in the Pacific, by the Albatross, off
Shumagin Bank, Alaska, 138 fathoms, station 3339.

PANDALUS PLATYCEROS Brandt.

Pandalusplatyceros BRANDT, in Middendorff's Reise in den aussersten Norden
und Osten Sibiriens, Band n, Zool., Theil I, 123, 1851. — STIMPSON,
Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vi, 501 [61], 1857.

Pandalus pubescentulns DANA, Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., I, 568, 1852;
pi. xxxvi, fig. 8, 1855.— STIMPSON, Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vi,
501 [61], 1857.— KINGSLEY, Bull. Essex Inst., x, 63, 1878. — SMITH,
Kept. Prog. Geol. Survey Canada, 1878-79, B, p. 214. — HOLMES,
Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 210, 1900.

Body stout. Carapace covered with a dense, short pubescence.
Rostrum one and a half to one and two thirds times the carapace, pro-
vided with a broad entire laminar crest on each side. Median crest
arising half-way back on the carapace, armed with 14 to 17 spines ex-
tending to middle of rostrum, the anterior i to 5 fixed, the rest movable ;
usually a solitary spine not far behind the acute tip ; lower limb armed
with 7 or 8 fixed spines, diminishing gradually in size ; the basal tooth
very large. Posterior part of rostrum deflexed, anterior half or two
thirds ascending, tip above level of carapace. Antennal spine very
strong ; pterygostomian small, but well marked.

Eyes large, pyriform ; cornea in alcohol light greenish ; ocellus black.

Antennular peduncle reaching two fifths the length of acicle, second
and third joints subequal ; outer flagellum one half longer than carapace,
its basal half thickened ; inner flagellum a little longer ; outer basal scale
reaching nearly to end of first joint.

Antennal scale four fifths to seven eighths as long as carapace, oblong,
extremity of blade subtruncate, slightly exceeded by the spine ; peduncle
reaching nearly to the middle of the third segment of antennular
peduncle ; flagellum stout at base, equaling or exceeding length of body.

Maxillipeds stout, reaching nearly or about to end of antennal scale ;
first pair of feet to middle of terminal joint of maxillipeds. Right leg of

DECAPODS 45

second pair reaching to end of maxillipeds, carpus 8- to g-jointed, the
first joint as long as the next 5 or 6, which are subequal, and twice as
long as the last joint ; propodus about half as long as carpus ; fingers
two thirds as long as palm. Left leg of second pair two fifths again as
long as right; carpus divided into 27 or 28 joints, the first and last joints
about twice as long as the adjoining segment ; intervening segments
varying a little in size, but those of the distal half a little larger ; pro-
podus as long as last three segments of carpus ; fingers three fourths as
long as palm. Third to fifth legs stout, the third reaching about the
length of its dactyl beyond the acicle, the fifth reaching to middle of
acicle ; dactyli contained from 4 to 6 times in their propodi.

Abdomen slightly more than twice as long as carapace, smooth, non-
carinate ; third segment very slightly produced backward in the middle ;
sixth segment short and stout, one and a half times as long as wide ;
seventh one and a half times as long as sixth, with six spinules on each
side.

Dimensions. — Ovigerous female (station 3129), length 214 mm.,
length of carapace and rostrum 113 mm., of rostrum 68 mm.

Distribution. — Unalaska (Brandt) to off San Diego, California. Strait
of Fuca at Dungeness, Washington (Dana). The specimens in the
National Museum from north of the Strait of Fuca were found in shal-
low water, while in the Strait and along the coast of California the spe-
cies occurs in considerable depths, from 48 to 266 fathoms.

Taken at the following localities by the Albatross :

Klinkwan, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska.

Karta Bay, Alaska.

Metlakatla, Annette Island, Alaska.

Mary Island, Alaska.

Otter Bay, Fender Island, British Columbia.

Port Angeles, Washington.

Strait of Fuca, 100-151 fathoms, stations 3445, 3449-3451, 3458.

Washington Sound, Strait of Fuca, 48 fathoms, station 2864.

Off Bodega Head, California, 167 fathoms, station 3170.

Off Farallone Islands, California, 191 fathoms, station 3161

Off Point Ano Nuevo, 203 fathoms, station 3208.

Off Monterey Bay, 65—204 fathoms, stations 3125, 3129.

Off Point Carmel, 162 fathoms, station 3183.

Off Cape San Martin, 218 fathoms, station 3189.

Off Point Conception, 145 fathoms, station 2893.

Off Santa Cruz Island, 150-266 fathoms, stations 2946, 2948, 2949.

Off San Diego, 124 fathoms, station 2935.

Killisnoo, Alaska (Northern Trading Co.).

Lituya Bay, in stomach of halibut (W. H. Ball).

Hood Canal, near Union, Washington, 20 fathoms (R. W. Doane).

46 RATHBUN

PANDALUS HYPSINOTUS Brandt.
Plate n, fig. 5.

Pandalus hypsinotus BRANDT, in Middendorff's Reise in den aussersten Norden
und Osten Sibiriens, II, Zool., I, 125, 1851. Unalaska.

Body stout. Rostrum a little (one sixth or one seventh) longer than
the carapace, which is strongly arched dorsally. The median crest
reaches nearly to the posterior margin ; the superior median spines are
movable, occupy the anterior three fifths of the carapace, and extend an
equal distance on the rostrum, in all numbering 17 to 22. The distal
portion is strongly ascending and unarmed, except at the tip, which is
oblique and armed with three immovable spines ; the lower margin is
furnished with 7 to 9 fixed spines, the posterior ones very large and
hooked ; lateral carinse of moderate prominence. Antennal spine of
moderate size, acuminate ; pterygostomian spine small.

Eyes pyriform, nearly as broad as long; cornea in alcohol bluish;
ocellus darker.

Antennular peduncle reaching not quite to the middle of the acicle ;
second joint a little longer than the third. Outer flagellum two thirds as
long as carapace, the posterior five sixths thickened; inner flagellum
about one fourth longer than outer ; basal scale lobiform, not reaching
end of eye.

Antennal scale about four fifths as long as carapace, oblong, extremity
obliquely subtruncate, spine very slightly longer. Peduncle reaching to
end of second segment of antennular peduncle; flagellum nearly as long
as the body.

Maxillipeds in large specimens reaching a little in advance of the acicle ;
first pair of feet nearly to end of acicle. Right leg of second pair reach-
ing about to the end of the rostrum, carpus with 19 or 20 segments, the
first and last of which are about equal to the three adjoining segments ;
propodus as long as the last four segments of the carpus, fingers two
thirds the length of palm. Left leg of second pair half again as long as
right ; carpus composed of about 60 segments, the first and last subequal
to the three adjoining segments; propodus a little longer than the last
three segments of the carpus ; fingers nearly as long as palm. The merus
and the ischium of the second pair are also more or less segmented. The
third pair of legs extends beyond the acicle by the length of the dacty-
lus and half or more of the propodus ; the fifth pair reaches beyond the
middle of the acicle. Dactyli of last three pairs, in the female, contained
from two and one fourth to four times in their propodi. In the male the
propodi of the third and fourth pairs are a little shorter, are recurved (in
the third pair strongly so), and are narrowed at the extremity.

DECAPODS 47

Abdomen two and a third times as long as carapace, smooth, non-
carinate, third segment very slightly produced backward in the middle ;
sixth segment twice as long as wide ; seventh one and a half times as
long as sixth, with six spinules on each side.

Dimensions. — Ovigerous female (Herendeen Bay), length 133 mm.,
length of carapace and rostrum 61 mm., of rostrum 31 mm.

Distribution. — From Bering Sea to Strait of Fuca and Kurile
Islands, 3 to 20 fathoms.
Unalaska (Brandt).

Specimens have been examined from the following localities :
Cape Etolin, Nunivak, 8 fathoms; Hagemeister Island, 8 to 15
fathoms; Nazan Bay, Atka, 10 to 16 fathoms; Unalaska, 3 to 6 fath-
oms; Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 3 to 10 fathoms; Port Levashef,
Unalaska; Popof Strait, Shumagins, 6 fathoms; Shahafka Cove, Ka-
diak; Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet, between 20 and 60 fathoms; Sitka
Harbor, 15 fathoms (W. H. Dall).
St. Michael, Norton Sound (E. W. Nelson).
Herendeen Bay, Alaska, fine specimens, abundant (Albatross}.
Kadiak, dredged (W. R. Coe, Harriman Expedition), " very bright col-
ored."

Port Angeles, Washington (Albatross].
Portage Bay, Alaska (Lieutenant H. E. Nichols, U. S. N.).
Bering Island (L. Stejneger and N. Grebnitzky).
Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka (L. Stejneger).
Rakovaya Bay, Avacha Bay, Kamchatka (Albatross],
Off Iturup Island, Kurile Islands, 18 fathoms (Albatross station 3653).

PANDALUS DANJE Stimpson.

Pandalns dance STIMPSON, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 87, 1857;

Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 502 [62], pi. XXI, figs. 6, 7, 1857.

Opposite Fort Townsend in Puget Sound.
Pandalus franciscorum KlNGSLEY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1878, 94.

San Francisco.

A rather stout species. Surface finely pitted. Rostrum a little
longer than the carapace (from one fifth to one eighth longer), distal
two thirds directed obliquely upward. Median dorsal spines 10 to 12,
movable, about half of them on the carapace, the posterior spine a little
behind the middle; terminal half of rostrum unarmed above, apex
trifid, lower margin 6- to 8-spined, the spines diminishing anteriorly;
lateral carinse moderately prominent. Antennal spine acuminate;
pterygostomian spine small, but well marked.

Antennular peduncle reaching about half the length of acicle, last two
joints subequal ; outer flagellum about seven tenths length of carapace,

48

RATHBUN

basal three fourths thickened ; inner flagellum one fourth or one third
longer than outer ; basal scale reaching only to middle of first segment,
its distal outer angle almost a right angle.

Antennal scale from three fourths to five sixths as long as carapace,
tapering to the extremity, the laminar part of which is rounded, and much
exceeded by the spine ; peduncle reaching to end of second segment of
antennular peduncle ; flagellum equaling or exceeding the length of the
body.

Maxillipeds reaching nearly to end of acicle ; first pair of feet to mid-
dle of terminal joint of maxilliped. The right leg of the second pair may
slightly exceed or fall short of the tip of the rostrum ; merus slightly
annulated; carpus with from 18 to 21 joints, those of the proximal half
very indistinctly marked, the last joint as long as the two preceding ; pro-
podus the length of the last four carpal segments, palm longer than digits.
Left leg of second pair one third or nearly half again as long as right
leg; merus and distal portion of ischium faintly annulated; about 60
carpal segments, hand and fingers much as in the right leg. Third leg
of female reaching beyond the rostrum by one third or one fourth the
length of the propodus. Fourth leg reaches one third or one half the
length of the propodus of the third pair, while the fifth may reach beyond

the middle of the
propodus of the
fourth. Dactyli

of the last three pairs contained about
four times in their propodi. The third
and fourth pairs of legs of the male differ
from those of the female in having
shorter propodi, that of the third scarcely
overreaching the rostrum; the propodus
of the third is also recurved instead of
straight and narrow at the extremity,
forming an oblique margin against which
the dactylus folds ; the dactyli of the last three pairs are contained about
three times in their respective propodi.

Abdomen two and a half times as long as carapace, smooth, non-car-
inate, third segment very slightly produced backward in the middle;
sixth segment one and two thirds as long as wide ; seventh one and a half
times as long as sixth, and with six spinules on each side.

Dimensions. — Adult female (San Francisco market), length no mm.,
length of carapace and rostrum 50 mm., of rostrum 26.5 mm.
Distribution.— From Sitka, Alaska, to San Francisco, California.

FIG. 13. Pandalusdaiue^-z). Station
2865. a. Acicle. b. Third leg of $ . c.
Third leg of 9.

DECAPODS 49

Specimens have been examined from:
Sitka, Alaska, 10 fathoms (Harriman Expedition).
Ward Cove, Revillagigedo Island, Alaska (Dr. T. H. Streets, U. S. N.).
Off Cape Beale, Vancouver Island, 24 fathoms (Albatross, station 2881).
Otter Bay, Fender Island, British Columbia (Albatross}.
Strait of Fuca, 40-97 fathoms (Albatross, stations 3443, 3462, 3464,

3465)-
Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, 40 fathoms (Albatross, station 2865).

Puget Sound (T. Kincaid).

Port Angeles and Port Townsend, Washington (Albatross],

Port Orchard, Washington (O. B. Johnson).

San Francisco, California (D. S. Jordan).

San Francisco market (R. E. C. Stearns).

PANDALUS STENOLEPIS Rathbun.
Plate n, fig. 4.

Pandalus stenolepis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 901, 1902.
Differs from P. dance :

(1) In the stouter eyes, the transverse diameter being as great as the
axial diameter.

(2) In the more slender antennal scale. This
scale has a concave outer margin, and the distal
half of the blade is very narrow and filiform,

r IG. 14. Pandalus stenoupis.

narrower than the adjacent thickened portion. Acicle (x 2). station 3464.

(3) The first pair of feet is longer, reaching almost to the extremity of
the maxillipeds.

(4) The third, fourth, and fifth pairs of feet in the male, while shorter
than in the female, as in P. dance, do not differ in shape from those of
the female, as in the older species.

(5) In the tip of the rostrum, usually 2-spined, though occasional
specimens have 3 spines.

Dimensions. — Adult female (station 3464), length 80 mm., length of
carapace and rostrum 37.2 mm., of rostrum 21 mm.

Distribution. — From the Aleutian Islands to Oregon, 27 to 125 fath-
oms. Taken at the following stations :
Pumicestone Bay, Unalaska, 59 fathoms, station 3319.
Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 85 fathoms, station 3311.
Off Akutan Island, Alaska, 36 fathoms, station 3546.
Unimak Pass, Alaska, 34 fathoms, station 3220.
Northwest of Unimak Island, Alaska, 43 fathoms, station 3262.
Southwest of Sannak Islands, Alaska, 41 fathoms, station 3213.
Off Cape Beale, Vancouver Island, 34 fathoms, station 2879.
Off Cape Flattery, Washington, 27-40 fathoms, stations 2873, 2874.

50 RATHBUN

Strait of Fuca, 37-125 fathoms, stations 3443, 3445, 3451, 3452, 3458,

3459> 346i, 3462, 3464 (type locality), 3593.
Off Alsea River, Oregon, 42 fathoms, station 3085.
Off Heceta Bank, Oregon, 68 fathoms, station 3078.
Heceta Bank, Oregon, 42-50 fathoms, stations 2886, 2887, 2889.
Granite Cove, Port Althorp, Alaska (W. H. Dall).

PANDALUS GURNEYI Stimpson.
Plate n, fig. 6.

Pandaltts gurneyi STIMPSON, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, 128, 1871. Mon-
terey, Calif.

The species which I take to be P. gurneyi is very near P. dance.
Our adult specimens are smaller than P. dance ; rostrum longer, being
from one and a half to one and two thirds longer than the carapace.
Median dorsal spines 8 or 9, rather distant, ventral spines 9 or 10. An-
tennular peduncle only two fifths as long as acicle ; the flagella are sub-
equal and one and a half times as long as carapace, the thickened
portion of the outer one being a little over half the entire length ; the
basal scale is rounded, not angled.

Antennal scale as long as carapace, flagellum exceeding length of
body.

Maxillipeds reaching three fourths the length of antennal scale, first
pair of feet reaching nearly as far. Right leg of second pair extends to
tip of acicle, carpal segments 1 7 ; left leg one third longer than right,
carpal segments about 45.

As the last three pairs of feet are about the same length as in P. dance,
it follows that in the female the third pair does not reach as far beyond
the rostrum as in that species, or fails to reach the end of the
rostrum.

In the male the last three pairs of legs are shorter than in the female,
and the propodus of the third pair is slightly re-
curved and narrowed at the extremity, forming a
margin against which the dactylus closes ; this is, if
I mistake not, the condition which Stimpson de-

FIG. 15. Pandalus
gurneyi. Third leg
of $ (X 2). Station
3J3°-

\

scribes as ' subcheliform.'

Sixth segment of abdomen one and a half times
as long as wide ; seventh less than one and a half
times as long as sixth, 5 spinules on each side.
Otherwise as in P. dance.

Dimensions,— Ovigerous female (station 2961), length 77.5 mm.,
length of carapace and rostrum 38.5 mm., of rostrum 25 mm.

DECAPODS 51

Distribution. — Southern California, 9 to 55 fathoms (rare). Taken at
the following stations by the Albatross :

Monterey Bay, 9 fathoms, station 3130.

Off Santa Barbara, 21 fathoms, station 2961.

Off San Miguel Island, 55 fathoms, station 2959.

Off Santa Cruz Island, 30 fathoms, stations 2944, 2945.

Off Santa Rosa Island, 52 fathoms, station 2956.

Genus Pandalopsis Bate.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PANDALOPSIS.

A. Rostrum with spines on distal half of upper margin . . . dispar.
A'. Rostrum without spines on distal half of upper margin.

B. Dorsal spines not continued to middle of carapace . . . ampla.
B'. Dorsal spines continued to middle of carapace.

C. Palm of chela more than one and a half times as long as fingers.

Rostrum less than twice as long as carapace proper . alentica,

C'. Palm of chela less than one and a half times as long as

fingers. Rostrum more than twice as long as carapace

proper longirostris.

PANDALOPSIS AMPLA Bate.

Pandalopsis ampins BATE, Challenger Rept., xxiv, 671, pi. cxv, fig. 3, 1888.
Pandalopsis ampla FAXON, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., xvin, 155, 1895.

Surface remotely punctate. Rostrum one and a third to one and nine
tenths times as long as the rest of the carapace (in small specimens it may
be two and a half times the carapace), slightly ascending, slightly arched
above the eyes. Median crest occupying the anterior two thirds of the
carapace, armed with 7 to 1 3 movable spines, of which 3 to 5 are on the
carapace and in front of the middle, the anterior spine considerably
behind the middle of the rostrum. There is also a subterminal fixed
spine; and occasionally two subterminal spines — both above, or one
above and one below. Greater part of the rostrum unarmed above.
Lower margin armed with 13 to 16 slender spines, larger toward the
base of the rostrum. Suborbital spine slender, prominent. Pterygos-
tomian spine short and slender.

Eyes very stout, ocellus rudimentary. The peduncle of the anten-
nula extends to the middle or nearly to the middle of the antennal scale ;
the second segment is twice as long as the third ; inner flagellum at least
half as long as the body ; outer flagellum one fourth longer than inner,
thicker at the base, but gradually tapering. The peduncle of the an-
tenna does not reach quite to the end of the second segment of the
antennular peduncle ; flagellum one and a third times the length of the

52 RATHBUN

body. Scale four fifths to eight ninths as long as carapace; blade
broadly rounded at the tip and exceeded by the spine.

The maxilliped falls considerably short of the tip of antennal scale,
but its penultimate segment reaches to or beyond the end of the anten-
nular peduncle.

The ischium of the first pair of feet is dilated in a thin, broad laminar
inferior projection, which is anteriorly lobiform ; the terminal segment
overlaps a little that of the maxilliped. The feet of the second pair are
equal ; the carpus has 20 to 24 segments ; the right and left carpi may
or may not have an equal number of segments ; the chela is as long as
the five adjacent segments of the carpus. The third, fourth, and fifth
pairs of feet are slender and similar, and armed with slender spines;
while they diminish regularly in length from the third to the fifth, their
propodi increase in length proportionally ; the dactyli are short and con-
tained from five to six times in their respective propodi. The third pair
overreaches the acicle by the length of the dactylus and at least half the
propodus.

The third segment of the abdomen is moderately produced backward
in the middle, forming a lobe in the posterior margin ; the sixth segment
is nearly two and a half times as long as wide, and about two thirds as
long as the seventh ; this has 5 to 8 spinules on each side, of which the
anterior is just in front of the middle.

Dimensions. — Length 164 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 85.7
mm., of rostrum 57.5 mm.

Distribution. — From Washington to Mexico; off Monte Video; 309-
984 fathoms :

Off Monte Video, 600 fathoms (Challenger, type locality).
Off Acapulco, 660 fathoms, station 3418, and near Tres Marias Islands,

Mexico, 676 fathoms, station 3424 (Albatross, Faxon).
Off Cortez Bank, California, 984 and 776 fathoms, stations 2919 (one

young) and 3627.
Off San Diego, 822 and 623 fathoms, stations 2983 (abundant) and

2929.
Off Sea Lion Rock, Washington, 877 and 859 fathoms, stations 3074

and 3075 (abundant).

PANDALOPSIS ALEUTICA Rathbun.
Plate i, fig. i.

Pandalopsis aleutica RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 901, 1902.

Surface of carapace covered with a short and soft pubescence. Bran-
chial region traversed by a curved longitudinal ridge. Rostrum one and

DECAPODS 53

one seventh to one and a half times the length of the rest of the cara-
pace, ascending. Anterior two thirds of carapace furnished with a
median crest. Median spines 8 to 13, four to six of which are behind
the orbits, the insertion of the posterior spine being at the middle of
the carapace ; the anterior spine is behind the middle of the rostrum ;
this is exclusive of a subterminal spine. Inferior spines 8 to 12.

The peduncle of the antennula extends a little past the middle of the
antennal scale ; the second segment one and a half times as long as
third ; outer flagellum two thirds as long as body, inner flagellum shorter.

Peduncle of antenna reaching to end of second antennular segment ;
scale three fourths to four fifths as long as carapace, broader behind than
in P. ampla; flagellum one and a half times the length of the body.

The outer maxillipeds extend either to the tip or nearly to the tip of
antennal scale; the first pair of pereiopods overreach the penultimate
segment of the maxilliped; second pair subequal, extending beyond

acicle, carpal segments 18 to 21, chela equal in length to /sc^

five and a half or six of the adjoining segments of the *=^ —

. . FIG. 16. Pandalopsis

carpus; palm more than one and a half times as long as ahutica. cheiaof 9
fingers. There is very little difference in the length of
the third, fourth, and fifth pairs of feet ; the third pair reaches beyond
the acicle by the length of the dactylus and half the propodus ; the dactyli
are contained about five and a half times in their propodi.

The pleon is much like that of P. ampla; the pleura of the second seg-
ment are narrower than in P. ampla; the sixth segment is shorter, only
twice as long as wide.

For the rest, as in P. ampla.

Dimensions. — Adult female, length 132 mm., length of carapace and
rostrum 61.5 mm., of rostrum 33 mm.

Distribution. — Over one hundred specimens were taken by the Alba-
tross at station 3480, off Seguam, Aleutian Islands, 283 fathoms (type
locality). North of Rat Islands, Aleutians, 270 fathoms, station 3785.

Affinities. — Besides its resemblance to P. ampla, this species is also
similar to P. lamelligera (Brandt), from Kamchatka, but differs in the
fewer dorsal spines, in the longer feet of the first pair, and in the nar-
rower pleura of the second segment of the pleon.

PANDALOPSIS LONGIROSTRIS Rathbun.

Pandalopsis longirostris RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 902, 1902.

Male. — Surface smooth. Rostrum a little more than twice as long as

the carapace proper, strongly ascending, and continued backward in a

54

RATHBUN

FIG. 17. Pandalopsis longirostris. Station 3316. a. Side of
carapace (natural size). b. Acicle (X 2)- c. Chela (X 3a)-
d. Telson (x 2).

carina behind the middle of the carapace, armed with 9 movable spines,
four of which are on the carapace (the hinder one inserted very slightly

behind the middle) and
five on the base of the
rostrum; i subterminal
immovable spine ; lower
margin armed with n
immovable spines.

Antennular peduncle
extending to middle of
scale. Scale as long as
carapace. Antennal pe-
duncle reaching to middle of second antennular segment. Maxillipeds
reaching almost to end of scale, very stout and hairy. The first pair
of pereiopods overlaps the basal fourth of the last joint of the maxilli-
peds ; second pair extending beyond acicle by length of chela, carpus of
21 joints, chela equal to the seven adjoining segments, fingers almost
as long as palm ; third pereiopods extending beyond the acicle by the
length of the dactylus and two thirds of the propodus.

Sixth segment of abdomen two and a half times as long as wide;
telson broader than in P. aleutica.

Dimensions. — Male, length 112 mm., carapace and rostrum 59 mm.,
rostrum 41 mm.

Distribution.— Q ft. Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 309 fathoms, station
3316, Albatross, 2 males (one without rostrum).

PANDALOPSIS DISPAR Rathbun.

Plate i, fig. 2.
Pandalopsis dispar RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 902, 1902.

Surface very finely and closely punctate. Rostrum two to two and a
half times the length of the rest of the carapace, arched over the eyes,
the remainder slightly ascending. Median crest occupying two thirds
the length of the carapace, posterior spine at the anterior third, spines 16
to 2 1 , three or four of which are on the carapace, spines closely placed
on the arch, distant on the remainder of the rostrum. Inferior spines 9
to 15, extremity bifid or sometimes trifid. Antennal spine long and
slender ; pterygostomian spine minute.

Eyes very large, with a very small but distinct ocellus outside the
corneal area.

Antennal peduncle reaching two fifths the length of antennal scale;

DECAPODS 55

third segment but little shorter than second ; outer basal scale a narrow
lobe; outer flagellum one third longer than the body; inner flagellum
one half as long as the outer. Antennal scale a little shorter than the
carapace, tapering distally; extremity of blade obliquely rounded and
exceeding the spine ; peduncle reaching end of second segment of anten-
nular peduncle ; flagellum one and a half times length of body.

The outer maxillipeds reach to the distal fifth or sixth of the antennal
scale. The first pair of feet overlap the proximal third of the terminal
joint of the maxilliped. Second pair subequal, overreaching the acicle a
little ; carpus composed of from 26 to 33 segments. Third to fifth pairs
of feet nearly equal, the third reaching beyond the acicle by length of
dactylus and one half or more of propodus, their propodi increasing in
length from the third to the fifth pair, while the dactyli increase in reverse
order ; so that while the dactylus of the third pair may be contained three
and a half or four times in the corresponding propodus, the dactylus of
the fifth pair is contained seven or eight times in its propodus ; the spines
of the meral and carpal segments are replaced by bristles on the propodi ;
dactyli subentire, although there may be a few small very appressed
spinules at the base of the concave surface.

Abdomen two and four fifths to three times as long as the carapace
(exclusive of rostrum) ; third segment slightly compressed, its posterior
margin produced in a short subacute lobe. Sixth segment nearly three
times as long as wide and three fourths as long as seventh ; seventh with
five to seven spinules on each side.

Outer branch of tail-fan about as long as the telson ; inner branch
much shorter.

Dimensions. — Length of female 181 mm., length of carapace and
rostrum 100.5 mm., length of rostrum 73.5 mm. Length of female (sta-
tion 3675) 211.5 mm<

Distinctive characters. — The spines distributed along the whole upper
margin of the rostrum, the unequal dactyli of the third to fifth pairs of
feet, and the inequality of the branches of the swimming-fan easily dis-
tinguish this species from the preceding.

Distribution.— from. Bering Sea to Washington, 53 to 351 fathoms,
at the following stations of the Albatross :

Bering Sea, west of Pribilof Islands, 184 fathoms, station 3489.

Chernofski Harbor, Unalaska, 109 fathoms, station 3324 (type locality).

North of Unalaska, 351, 350 fathoms, stations 3330, 3331.

Between Unga and Nagai Islands, Shumagins, no fathoms, station 2848.

Off the Trinity Islands, 159 fathoms, station 2853.

Clarence Strait, Alaska, 322 fathoms, station 3077.

Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, 238 fathoms, station 2862.

56 RATHBUN

Off Strait of Fuca, 142 fathoms, station 3457.

Strait of Fuca, 53-136 fathoms, stations 3446-3449, 3451, 3452, 3456,

3458-3460, 3596, 3597.

Puget Sound, 82-135 fathoms, stations 3067, 3068.
Off Tahwhit Head, Washington, 178 fathoms, station 3076.
Stations 3675, 3676 (locality not given), no and 122 fathoms.

Family HIPPO L YTID^S.
Genus Hippolyte Leach.

HIPPOLYTE CALIFORNIENSIS Holmes.

Distribution. — From Sitka, Alaska, to San Diego, California. Speci-
mens are in the National Museum from Sitka, 10 fathoms (Harriman
Expedition, one specimen) ; Barclay Sound, British Columbia (Albatross,
one specimen) ; Puget Sound (T. Kincaid, several specimens) ; Bodega
Bay, California (determined by S. J. Holmes) ; San Diego, California
(Albatross}.

The Sitka specimen, about 24 mm. long, has on the rostrum 3 teeth
above on basal half, below 3 near the middle and i near the tip. The
example from Barclay Sound has 2 teeth above on basal half, and i near
the tip, below 2 near the middle and i near the tip. In a lot of eleven
specimens from Puget Sound, the dorsal teeth are usually 2 (in one
case 3) on basal half of rostrum, and i or none near tip. In the few
individuals from San Diego the rostral teeth are typical.

Genus Hippolysmata Stimpson,,

HIPPOLYSMATA CALIFORNICA Stimpson.
Distribution. — From Santa Barbara to San Diego, California.

Genus Spirontocaris Bate.
(Includes Heptacarfus Holmes.)

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SPIRONTOCARIS.

A. One or more supraorbital spines present.

B. Rostrum subcircular. Median spines of carapace compound or
formed by short transverse rows of small spines. 3 or 4 supra-
orbital spines prionota.

B'. Rostrum not subcircular, usually elongate. Median spines of
carapace simple, or not formed by transverse rows of small
spines. Not more than 2 supraorbital spines.
C. First to third abdominal segments laterally acute or spinous.
D. First and second abdominal segments armed with slender
spines. Rostrum narrow granlandica.

DECAPODS 57

D'. First and second abdominal segments laterally acute. Ros-
trum deep lanifllicornis.

C'. First to third abdominal segments laterally rounded, not acute.
D. Two supraorbital spines.

E. Rostrum longer than the remainder of the carapace and

with a long slender tip bispinosa.

E'. Rostrum shorter than the remainder of the carapace.
F. Rostrum not reaching end of antennular peduncle

truncata.

F'. Rostrum reaching beyond end of antennular peduncle.
G. Antennular scale not reaching middle of second seg-
ment of peduncle.
H. Dorsal spines all in front of middle of carapace

sica.
H'. Dorsal spines continued posterior to middle of

carapace snyderi.

G'. Antennular scale reaching beyond middle of second

segment of peduncle.
H. Dorsal spines not reaching to posterior third of

carapace.

J. Upper limb of rostrum gradually diminishing in

width from the orbit to the tip . . phippsii.

]'. Upper limb of rostrum arcuate, widest in the

middle.

K. Rostrum extending only to end of antennular
peduncle, deep, usually bifid at tip ochotensis.
K'. Rostrum extending nearly to end of antennal
scale, less deep, tip acute .... dalli.
H'. Dorsal spines continued to posterior third of cara-
pace.
J. Midrib of rostrum terminating in a spine which

projects well beyond lower limb of rostrum.
K. Eyes large, pyriform. Spine of antennal scale
extending beyond lamellar portion

liljeborgii.

K'. Eyes of moderate size, subcylindrical. Spine
of antennal scale not reaching beyond lam-
ellar portion murdochi.

J'. Midrib of rostrum terminating in a spine which

does not project beyond lower limb of rostrum.

K. Upper margin of carapace and rostrum in ?

convex. Third abdominal segment in $ in

profile not projecting behind fourth segment

arcuata.

K'. Upper margin of carapace and of rostrum in ?
separated by a depression. Third abdominal
segment in $ in profile projecting in a horn-
like process behind fourth segment . spina.
D'. One supraorbital spine.

58 RATHBUN

E. Rostrum less than twice as long as the eye luashingtoniana.
E'. Rostrum twice or more than twice as long as the eye.
F. Antennular scale shorter than first segment of peduncle

vicina.

F'. Antennular scale longer than first segment of peduncle.
G. Fifth segment of abdomen not armed with a spine on

either side affinis.

G'. Fifth segment of abdomen armed with a spine on

either side.
H. Rostrum longer than the rest of the carapace

unalaskensis.
H'. Rostrum no longer than the rest of the carapace

folaris.
A'. No supraorbital spine or spines.

B. Rostrum about as long as or longer than the rest of the carapace.
C. Third, fourth, and fifth segments of abdomen carinated, the carina
on each segment terminating in a sharp spine . . barbata.
C'. Third, fourth, and fifth segments not all carinated nor ending in

a sharp spine.

D. Terminal half (at least) of rostrum devoid of spines above.
E. Third abdominal segment with an angle or hump, in profile,

toward the posterior end.

F. More than 3 dorsal teeth, one or more in front of eyes.
G. Sixth abdominal segment less than twice as long as
wide. Rostrum deep, one fourth as deep as long

carinata.
G'. Sixth abdominal segment more than twice as long as

wide. Rostrum more slender.

H. Maxilliped with epipod. Scale at base of antennula
extending beyond first segment .... flexa.
H'. Maxilliped without epipod. Scale at base of an-
tennula not reaching beyond, or only slightly

beyond, first segment gracilis.

F'. Three dorsal teeth, none in front of eyes . . tridens.
E'. Third abdominal segment smoothly rounded, without angle

or hump.
F. One or more superior rostral spines in front of eyes.

G. No pterygostomian spine stylus.

G'. A pterygostomian spine amabilis.

F'. No superior rostral spine in front of eye . . fabricii.
D'. Terminal half of rostrum with spines (in part at least).
E. Terminal third of rostrum unarmed above and below

biunguis.
E'. Terminal third of rostrum not entirely unarmed.

F. Sixth abdominal segment longer than seventh . decora.
F'. Sixth abdominal segment shorter than seventh.
G. Maxilliped exceeding acicle.

H. Rostrum straight above. Epipods on maxillipeds
and first two thoracic feet .... paludicola.

DECAPODS 59

H'. Rostrum concave above. Epipods on maxillipeds

and first foot only moseri.

G'. Maxilliped not exceeding acicle.

H. Third abdominal segment with a lobe (in profile),
which is in the form of a hook in the <3 , of a
hump in the $ . 8 to 1 2 dorsal spines

gaimardii belcheri,

H'. Third segment without a lobe (in profile) in the $ .
J. Rostrum with more than 8 spines above . layi.
J'. Rostrum with 8 or fewer than 8 spines above.
K. Fourth abdominal segment with a spine on

either side suckleyi.

K'. Fourth abdominal segment without spine.
L. Sixth segment barely twice as long as high.
M. Maxillipeds reaching just beyond middle

of acicle camtschatica.

M'. Maxillipeds reaching nearly to end of

acicle kincaidi.

L'. Sixth segment more than twice as long as

high townsendi.

B'. Rostrum shorter than the rest of the carapace.

C. Upper and lower limbs of rostrum deep and with convex margins.
D. Upper limb of rostrum deepest above the eye . . macilenta.
D'. Upper limb narrow above the eye . . . macrophthalma.
C'. Upper and lower limbs of rostrum not both convex.

D. Rostrum elongate, reaching beyond the middle of the an-

tennal scale.
E. Upper margin of rostrum concave.

F. Fingers of first pair of chelipeds less than one third as

long as palm. No pterygostomian spine. No spine

on fourth segment of abdomen . . . brachydactyla.,

F'. Fingers of first pair of chelipeds about half as long ar

palm. A pterygostomian spine or spinule. A spine

or spinule on fourth segment of abdomen maxillipes.

E'. Upper margin of rostrum straight.

F. Antennal peduncle reaching end of antennular peduncle

picta.

F'. Antennal peduncle reaching end of second segment of an-
tennular peduncle sitchensis.

D'. Rostrum short, not reaching beyond the middle of the an-

tennal scale.

E. Rostrum not reaching as far as the cornea . . . taylori.
E'. Rostrum reaching as far as or beyond the cornea.

F. Rostrum not reaching the second segment of antennular

peduncle.
G. Rostrum with superior margin strongly convex over

the eyes, extremity straight avina.

G'. Rostrum with superior margin not strongly convex
over the eyes, but nearly straight.

60 RATHBUN

H. Maxilliped with exopod pusiola.

H'. Maxilliped without exopod.

J. Antennal scale about same length as, or shorter

than, telson brevirostris.

J'. Antennal scale longer than telson . . palpator.
F'. Rostrum reaching second segment of antennular pe-
duncle.

G. Rostrum straight herdmani.

G'. Rostrum arched over the eye.

H. Fourth segment of abdomen with lateral spinule.
Maxillipeds reaching, or nearly reaching, end of

acicle cristata.

H'. Fourth segment of abdomen unarmed. Maxillipeds
reaching only to distal third of acicle . stoneyi.

SPECIES OF SPIRONTOCARIS, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR
EXOPODS AND EPIPODS.

A. One or more supraorbital spines present.
B. Third maxilliped with exopod and epipod.

C. First thoracic foot with epipod sica.

C'. First and second thoracic feet with epipods . bispinosa, snyderi.
C". First, second, and third thoracic feet with epipods

prionota, lamellicornis, spina, arcuata, murdochi,
truncata?, liljeborgii, phippsii, ochotensis, dalli.
B'. Third maxilliped without exopod but with epipod.

C. First thoracic foot with epipod vicina.

C'. First and second thoracic feet with epipods polaris, unalaskensis.
C". First, second, and third thoracic feet with epipods

grxnlandica, washingtoniana,

B". Exopods and epipods unknown affinis.

A'. No supraorbital spine or spines.

B. Third maxilliped with exopod and epipod.

C. Thoracic feet without epipods barbata, biunguis, macrophthalma.
C'. First thoracic foot with epipod

fabricii (usually), suckleyi (usually).
C". First and second thoracic feet with epipods

fabricii (sometimes), gaimardii bel-
cheri, townsendi, suckleyi (sometimes).
C'". First, second, and third thoracic feet with epipods

pnsiola, herdmani, stoneyi, avina, madlenta.
B'. Third maxilliped without exopod but with epipod.
C. Thoracic feet without epipods

decora, tridens, stylus, maxillipes,
brachydactyla, camtschatica, kincaidi.

C'. First thoracic foot with epipod .... moseri, sitchensis.
C". First and second thoracic feet with epipods

flexa, picta, paludicola.
C'". First, second, and third thoracic feet with epipods

carinata,palpator, brevirostris, taylori, cristata.

DECAPODS 6l

B". Third maxilliped without exopod or epipod. Thoracic feet

without epipods gracilis.

B7//. Exopods and epipods unknown amabilis, layi.

SPIRONTOCARIS PRIONOTA (Stimpson).

Hippolyte prionota STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 153, 1864.—
KINGSLEY, Bull. Essex Inst, xiv, 127, pi. n, fig. 9, 1883. — SHARP,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 117, 1893.

Spirontocaris prionota WALKER, Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., xn, 277, 1898.

Spirontocaris prionata HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vn, 206,
1900.

To Kingsley's figure one must add 2 or 3 supraorbital spines arranged
in a longitudinal series. While 3 seems to be the normal number, the
anterior one is often reduced and sometimes wanting.

Distribution. — From Bering Sea to Monterey, California:
Dutch Harbor, Unalaska, and Kadiak (Harriman Expedition, W. R. Coe).
Collected by W. H. Ball at Cape Etolin, Nunivak Island, 8 fathoms ;

Captains Harbor, Unalaska, 9 and 80 fathoms; Coal Harbor, Unga,

8-9 fathoms; Belkofski Bay, 15-25 fathoms; Chiniak Bay, Kadiak;

Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet, 20-60 fathoms.
Dredged by the Albatross in Bristol Bay, Alaska, 7*^ and 10^ fathoms,

stations 3232 and 3233 ; off North Head, Akutan Island, 72 fathoms,

station 2842; Unimak Pass, 34 fathoms, station 3220; North of Bird

Island, Shumagins, 21 fathoms, station 2850; Admiralty Inlet, Puget

Sound, 40 fathoms, station 2865.
Puget Sound (T. Kincaid).
Pacific Grove, California (J. O. Snyder).
Bering Island, 2-12 fathoms, some in stomach of Gadus macrocephalus

(N. Grebnitzky).
Puget Sound (Stimpson) ; Marmot Isles, Alaska, 45 fathoms (Sharp) ;

Monterey, California (Holmes).

SPIRONTOCARIS GRCENLANDICA (J. C. Fabricius).

Astacus Grcenlandicus J. C. FABRICIUS, Syst. Entom., 416, 1775; Entom.

syst. auct. et emend., II, 484, 1793 (groenlandicns).
Cancer acideatus O. FABRICIUS, Fauna Grcenlandica, 239, 1780.
Alpheus Aculeatus SABINE, in Supplement to Appendix of Parry's [First]

Voyage, p. ccxxxvii, pi. n, figs. 9 and 10, 1824.
Hippolyte aculeata J. C. ROSS, in John Ross, Appendix to Narrative of a

Second Voyage in Search of a North- West Passage, n, p. Ixxxiii, 1835.
Hippolite armata OWEN, in Zoology of Capt. Beechey's Voyage [of the

Blossom], Crustacea, p. 88, pi. XXVII, fig 2, 1839 ( $ ).
Hippolite cornuta OWEN, op. cit., p. 89, pi. xxvni, fig. 2, 1839 ( $ ).
Hippolyte groenlandica MlERS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), XX, 62 (12),

1877. — SMITH, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., v, 85, pi. x, fig. 2, 1879.
Spirontocaris groenlandica WALKER, Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., xn, 276,

1898. — HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vn, 236, 1900.

The number of spines on the abdomen is the same in the two sexes,

62 RATHBUN

but there is some individual variation. The usual number of spines is

one on the second and sixth segments and two on each of the other

segments.

Distribution.— Arctic coast of America; Bering Sea to Puget Sound;

Kamchatka ; Okhotsk Sea ; Atlantic coast of America from Greenland

to Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, 1-72 fathoms:

Berg Bay, Glacier Bay, Alaska (Harriman Expedition).

Dredged by the Albatross from off Cape Menshikof, Bering Sea, to the
Aleutian Islands and Portlock Bank, Alaska, in 16 to 72 fathoms; at
the unusual depth of 283 fathoms, off Seguam, Aleutians, a lot of
large specimens, the largest $ measuring 77 mm., the largest 367 mm. ;
Strait of Fuca and Puget Sound, 40-48 fathoms; off Kamchatka,
12 and 42 fathoms, stations 3780 and 3781 ; Avacha Bay, Kamchatka,
16 fathoms, station 3642 ; Rakovaya Bay, Avacha Bay; off Robben
Island, Okhotsk Sea, ro fathoms, station 3645.

Various localities from Kadiak westward along the Aleutian Islands, in
3-25 fathoms (W. H. Dall).

Puget Sound (T. Kincaid).

Avacha Bay and Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka (L. Stejneger).

Bering Island, among Laminaria, and Solovarennaja Bay, Petropavlovsk,
Kamchatka, 10-12 fathoms (N. Grebnitzky).

Arctic Ocean (Stimpson).

SPIRONTOCARIS LAMELLICORNIS (Dana).

Hippolyte lamellicornisDA.'StA., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, 24; Crust.

U. S. Expl. Exped., i, 567, 1852, pi. xxxvi, fig. 6, 1855.— STIMPSON,

Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 498, 1857. — KlNGSLEY, Bull. Essex

Inst., x, 62, 1878.
Spirontocaris lamellicornis WALKER, Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., XII, 277,

1898. — HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 208, 1900.

This species, though resembling strongly S, spina, is at once separated
by the acuteness of the lateral margins of the first to third abdominal

segments, which in S. spina are broadly
rounded. The rostrum is about three
fourths as long as the rest of the cara-
pace, and does not exceed the antennal
scale, although it may exceed the blade

FIG. 18. Spirontocaris lamellicornis. Side of the SCale. The Spine of the SCale CX-
I carapace f 9 (X ij). Station 3046.

equaling or exceeding the distal width of the blade. The dactyli of the
last three pairs of feet are longer than in S. spina, those of the last pair
being half the length of their propodi ; they are armed with spinules so
minute that the segment appears entire in comparison with S. spina.
Dimensions.— ? , length 63 mm., carapace 23 mm.

DECAPODS 63

Distribution. — This species occurs sparingly from Unalaska to Point
Arena, California; 9-77 fathoms.

It has been taken by W. H. Dall at Captains Harbor, Unalaska, 9
fathoms; Port Etches, 12-18 fathoms; Sitka Harbor, 15 fathoms. By the
Albatross a\. Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia, 67 fathoms, station 2863 ;
Strait of Fuca, 53 fathoms, station 3460 ; Bellingham Bay, Washington,
1 1 fathoms, station 3612 ; off Destruction Island, Washington, 32 fathoms,
station 2869 ; off Grays Harbor, 48-58 fathoms, stations 2870, 3046-
3048 ; off Columbia River, 68 fathoms, station 2882 ; off Oregon, 38-77
fathoms, stations 3057-3059; off Point Arena, California, 51 fathoms,
station 3351.

SPIRONTOCARIS SPINAi (Sowerby).
Plate in, fig. 5.

Cancer spinus SOWERBY, British Miscellany, 47, pi. XXIII, 1805 (tests Steb-

bing).
AlphcEits spinus LEACH, Edinb. Encyc., VII, 431, 1814; Philadelphia reprint,

vn, 271.

Alpheus Spinus LEACH, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XI, 347, 1815.
Hippolyte Sowerbai LEACH, Malac. Pod. Brit., pi. XXXIX, 1817.
Hippolite sowerbei J. C. ROSS, in John Ross, Appendix to Narrative of a

Second Voyage in Search of a North- West Passage, II, p. Ixxxiii, pi. B,

fig. 2, 1835.
Hippolyte spitms WHITE, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 76, 1847. — BELL, Hist.

Brit. Crust, 284, 1853. — SMITH, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., v, 68,

1879.
Hippolyte spina STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XII, 34 (103), 1860;

Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, 126, 1871.
Spirontocaris spinus BATE, Challenger Report, xxiv, 596, pis. cvi and CVll,

1888 (part). — RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the

North Pacific Ocean, Pt. ill, 556, 1899 (part).

There is considerable variation, in this species, in the height of the
carapace in proportion to its length ; in the eyes, which may be widely
pyriform or smaller and subcylindrical ; in the
length of the outer maxillipeds (in none of the
Pacific specimens do the maxillipeds reach the
end of the acicle, while in many Atlantic ones
they do); in the carination and the length of the FIG. 19. spirontocaris spina.

, ., ... , , , . , Side of carapace of ? (X i|)-

spine of the third abdominal segment. station 2842.

1 In regard to spina vs. spinus, Stimpson says (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
X, 126, 1871) : " Sowerby, by the name he gave to this species, doubtless had refer-
ence to a spine, or the backbone : in Latin spina, not spinus. Spinus is not an adjec-
tive, and means only the sloe-tree, which could scarcely have been intended." While
spinus has another signification, from anCvoi;, the name of a small bird, yet it was
without doubt used by Sowerby to call attention to the spine or spines of the animal.

64 RATHBUN

Ross (loc. tit.} probably represents the $ of S. spinet, but the shape of
the rostrum is inaccurate ; both upper and lower laminse should have
more convex margins.

Distribution. — Circumpolar. Arctic Alaska, Bering Strait, Bering Sea,
Aleutian Islands, and Alaska Peninsula to Lituya Bay, 5-91 fathoms;
Atlantic Ocean southward to Massachusetts Bay, 5-90 fathoms;
northern Europe :

Taken by the Albatross at the following stations :
Off the Pribilof Islands, 41-62 fathoms, stations 3439, 3442> 348z> 3483>

3485, 35°5> 354°, 3544, 3554, 356°, 356l«
Off Bristol Bay, 30 fathoms, station 3302.
Off Cape Strogonof, 30 fathoms, station 3293.
Off Kudobin Islands, 36 fathoms, station 3280.
Off Akutan Island, 56-91 fathoms, stations 2841, 2842, 3548.
Pumicestone Bay, Unalaska, 35 fathoms, station 3322.
Northwest of Unimak Island, Si fathoms, station 3257.
South of Unimak Island, 42 fathoms, station 3217.
Between Bird and Nagai Islands, Shumagins, 35 fathoms, station 2851.

Collected by Dr. Ball at :
Bering Strait, 12 fathoms.
Bay of Islands, Adak, 9-16 fathoms.
Nazan Bay, Atka, 10-16 fathoms.
Captains Harbor, Unalaska, 9-80 fathoms.
Port Levashef, Unalaska.
Lituya Bay, 6-9 fathoms.

Off Point Hope, Arctic Alaska, 25 fathoms (U. S. R. S. Corwin).
Lorenz Bay and Plover Bay (Richters).

SPIRONTOCARIS ARCUATA Rathbun.
Plate in, fig. 4.

Spirontocaris spinus RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the

North Pacific Ocean, Pt. ill, 556, 1899 (part).
Spirontocaris arcuata RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 893, 1902.

On the Pacific coast, associated in part with S. spina, is a very closely
allied species, easily mistaken for S. spina, but apparently distinct. In the

adult $ , the upper line of carapace and ros-
trum in profile forms a single curve, without
the sinus shown in S. spina; the rostrum is on
a higher level than in that species, the rostral
spines larger and more distinctly marked ; the
FIG 20. Spirontocaris arcuata. posterior lobe of the third abdominal segment

Side of carapace of S (X i|)- Sta- f

tion 2864- shorter and broader ; the sixth segment con-

siderably shorter, being less than one and a half times as long as wide,

DECAPODS 65

while in S. spina it is more than one and a half times as long as wide ;
the maxillipeds reach to the tip of the antennal scale ; the dactyli of the
third to fifth pairs of feet are shorter than in S. spina, that of the last
pair being contained at least three times in the propodus, while in S. spina
the dactylus of the last pair is contained only two and a half times in its
propodus.

The males of this species and of S. spina are more difficult of deter-
mination. The rostrum has the midrib more strongly curved upward, the
upper limb deeper and with more convex superior outline than in S. spina.
The same differences in the abdomen exist as in the females of the two
species, but in a lesser degree.

Dimensions. — ? , length 53.8 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 20
mm., of rostrum 8 mm.

Distribution.— From Pribilof Islands to Strait of Fuca; 3-350 fathoms.
A more southerly range than that of S. spina.

Harriman Expedition. — Kadiak, 5 fathoms (W. R. Coe) ; Berg Bay,
Glacier Bay ; Juneau, 20 fathoms.

Collected by the Albatross :

Off Pribilof Islands, 48-150 fathoms, stations 3484, 3486, 3500, 3561,

3602.

Off Cape Menshikof, 24 fathoms, station 3296.
Off Cape Strogonof, 26 fathoms, station 3291.
Northeast of Unimak Island, 24 fathoms, station 3266.
Northwest of Unimak Island, 43 fathoms, station 3262.
Unimak Pass, 34 fathoms, station 3220.
Off North Head, Akutan Island, 72 fathoms, station 2842.
Off south entrance to Akutan Pass, 45 fathoms, station 2843.
Off Aektok Island, 54 fathoms, station 2844.
Davidson Bank, 42 fathoms, station 2845.
North of Unalaska, 350 fathoms, station 3331.
Iliuliuk Harbor, 93 fathoms, station 3335.
Off Makushin Bay, Unalaska, 61 fathoms, station 3318.
Southwest of Sannak Islands, 41 fathoms, station 3213.
15 miles south of Sannak Islands, 44 fathoms, station 2846.
Off Shumagin Bank, 138 fathoms, station 3339.
Off Falmouth Harbor, Shumagins, 48 fathoms, station 2847.
Shumagins, 21-58 fathoms, stations 2850-2852.
Off Trinity Islands, 159 fathoms, station 2853.
Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, 40 fathoms, station 2865.
Washington Sound, Strait of Fuca, 48 fathoms, station 2864 (type

locality).
Strait of Fuca, 40-152 fathoms, stations 3443-3446, 3451, 3454? 345 5>

3458> 3459> 346i, 34^2, 3464, 3465, 3596.

Dr. W. H. Dall has collected the species at 16 localities along the
Aleutian Islands and eastward to Port Etches in 3-80 fathoms.

66 RATHBUN

SPIRONTOCARIS MURDOCHI Rathbun.

Plate in, fig. 6.

Hippolyte spinus MURDOCH, Report Internal. Polar Exped. to Point Barrow,

Alaska, 140, 1885. Not Cancer spinus Sowerby.
Spirontocaris murdochi RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 893, 1902.

Very near S. liljeborgii and S. spina.

Female stout. Rostrum three fourths as long as carapace, not reach-
ing tip of antennal scale. Carapace cristate, except on posterior fourth,

and furnished with 3 or 4 large teeth. Midrib
of rostrum nearly horizontal ; tip acute ; upper
limb with convex upper margin, armed with 20
or 22 small irregular teeth ; lower limb, also with
FIG. at. spirontocaris mur- COnvcx margin, deeper than the upper, and fur-

dochi. Side of carapace of S

(x if)- station 3650. nished with i to 4 small teeth near the extremity.

Two supraorbital spines, one antennal, and one pterygostomian spine,
all well developed.

Eyes of moderate size, slightly pyriform, the width of antennular
peduncle and half its scale. Antennular peduncle extending three fifths
the length of the antennal scale ; second segment twice as long as third ;
basal scale reaching nearly to end of second segment ; thickened portion
of outer flagellum reaching about to tip of antennal scale. Antennal
peduncle reaching slightly beyond the first segment of the antennular
peduncle; scale narrow-ovate, about as long as the rostrum, its spine
reaching about as far forward as the blade.

Outer maxillipeds rather broad and reaching nearly to tip of acicle.
First pair of feet extending a little beyond antennal peduncle, the second
pair beyond acicle, fifth pair nearly to tip of maxilliped ; dactyli of last
three pairs long and slender, that of last pair half as long as propodus.

Abdomen not carinate ; third segment produced well backward ;
fourth provided with a lateral spine ; sixth three fourths as wide as long,
and about three fifths as long as the seventh, which has 3 pairs of lateral
spinules.

Male. — The male differs from the female in the same manner as in S.
liljeborgii; it is smaller and slenderer than the female, rostrum and anten-
nules longer, dorsal teeth much reduced.

Dimensions.— $ , length 46.6 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 17
mm., of rostrum 7.5 mm.

Distribution.— Arctic coast of Alaska; Kamchatka; Okhotsk Sea.
Rare. Taken at the following localities :
Lat. 71° 02' oo" N., long. 157° 46' oo" W., 19 fathoms, i $ (U. S. R. S.

Cor win}.

DECAPODS 67

10 miles west of Point Franklin, 13^ fathoms, 3 $ (Point Barrow Expe-
dition).

Off Cape Sabine, 1 2 fathoms, i $ (W. H. Ball).

15 miles off Cape Krusenstern, 14 fathoms, i ? (W. H. Dall).

Rakovaya Bay, Avacha Bay, Kamchatka, i $ (Albatross}.

Off Robben Island, east coast of Sakhalin, Okhotsk Sea, 28 fathoms,
i ovigerous ? , type (Albatross station 3650).

The species differs from S. liljeborgii in its lower carapace, shorter (in
the ? ) and less ascending rostrum, smaller eyes, shorter spine of antennal
scale (in S. liljeborgii the spine extends considerably beyond the blade),
longer dactyli of third to fifth pairs of feet, longer abdomen, and stouter
sixth segment. From S. spina it differs in the lower carapace and less
ascending rostrum, in the lesser advancement of the lower limb of the
rostrum, smaller eyes, shorter spine of scale, shorter and broader lobe of
third abdominal segment, which is not carinated, longer dactyli of third
to fifth pairs of feet (in S. spina the dactylus of the fifth pair is only one
third length of propodus).

SPIRONTOCARIS TRUNCATA Rathbun.
Spirontocaris truncata RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 894, 1902.

Allied to S. spina. Median carina extending nearly to the posterior
margin of the carapace, convex, and armed with 4 spines. Rostrum sub-
triangular, widest at the extremity, about three fifths
as long as the carapace, reaching end of second
antennular segment, midrib curving upward as in
S. spina, upper margin with i spine at its middle,
extremity with 7 spines, 2 above and 4 below the
midrib. Supraorbital spines 2, equal, large, one
behind the other but scarcely above it, well sepa- (X6|)' Station2886-
rated. Anterior margin with 2 spines below the orbit as in S. spina.

Antennular acicle reaching beyond the anterior margin of the second
segment but not so far as the slender spine at the outer angle of that
margin; a small spine at the middle of the anterior margin of the third
segment. Antennal acicle tapering, narrow at the end, reaching one
third the length of the thick antennular flagellum. Peduncle reaching
beyond first segment of antennular peduncle; flagellum two thirds as
long as body.

Maxillipeds reaching end of antennal scale ; first pair of feet to end of
antennal peduncle. The propodi of the third, fourth, and fifth pairs are
three times as long as their dactyli.

Margins of first to third abdominal segments entire ; of fourth to sixth

68 RATHBUN

segments with a spine at the lower postero-lateral angle ; sixth segment
less than twice as long as fifth, and only a trifle longer than wide. Tel-
son with four pairs of lateral spinules.

Dimensions. — $, , length 14 mm.

Type locality.— Heceta Bank, Oregon, 50 fathoms (Albatross station
2886) ; one specimen.

Aside from the peculiar form of the rostrum, this species differs
notably from S. spina in its subequal and more widely separated supra-
orbital spines. Its habitat is also farther south than the known range of
S. spina.

SPIRONTOCARIS LILJEBORGII (Danielssen).

Hippolyte Liljeborgii DANIELSSEN, Nyt Mag. for Naturvid., xi, 5, 1859
(brief description; Vol. XI appeared in 1861, but the separate contain-
ing Danielssen's article was issued in 1859). — DANIELSSEN and BOECK,
Nyt Mag. for Naturvid., xix, 196 [8], plate, figs. 15-20, 1872.

Hippolyte securifrons NORMAN, Kept. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1861, xxxi,
151 (1862); Trans. Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, V, 267, pi. xii,
figs. 1-7, 1863. — SMITH, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., v, 69, 1879.

Distribution. — East of Point Franklin, Arctic Alaska (lat. 71° 02' oo"
N., long. 157° 46' oo" W.), 19 fathoms, August 24, 1884, one small male
(U. S. R. S. Corwin). Known from the Atlantic coast of America, from
off Nova Scotia to Delaware Bay, 27-452 fathoms; northern Europe.

SPIRONTOCARIS BISPINOSA Holmes.

Spirontocaris bispinosa HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 207,
1900. Puget Sound.

Dimensions. — Ovigerous $ , length
(approximate) 59.5 mm., length of
carapace and rostrum 25.2 mm., of
rostrum 14.8 mm.

FIG. 23. Spirontocaris bispinosa. Side of cara- Distribution. — From Strait of
pace of ? (X 2)- Station 2935. _ /r o -m- /"• vr •

Fuca to off San Diego, California,
1 3-2 1 1 fathoms. Taken by the Albatross at :

Strait of Fuca, 116 and 98 fathoms, stations 3447, 3448.

Puget Sound, 82 fathoms, station 3067.

Off Tahwhit Head, Washington, 178 fathoms, station 3076.

Off Tillamook Rock, Oregon, 29 fathoms, station 2882.

Off Bodega Head, California, 167 and 62 fathoms, stations 3170, 3172.

Off Farallone Islands, California, 191 fathoms, station 3161.

Monterey Bay, 13-68 fathoms, stations 3132, 3134, 3666.

Off Lobos Rocks, 77 fathoms, station 3184.

Off San Simeon Bay, 211 and 160 fathoms, stations 3191, 3193.

Off Esteros Bay, 92 fathoms, station 3194.

DECAPODS 69

Southwest of San Nicholas Island, 158 fathoms, station 2898.
Off San Diego, 124 fathoms, station 2935.

SPIRONTOCARIS SNYDERI Rathbun.
Spirontocaris snyderi RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 894, 1902.

This species bears a curious resemblance to S. bispinosa; in general
terms it is a bispinosa with the slender spine of the rostrum broken off ;
but a closer examination shows other and more radical differences. The
specimens, among which are several egg-bearing fe- ^^
males, are all smaller than S. bispinosa, but this is not V^^ ~^\.
absolute proof that the species is smaller, because the 1 J

females of S. bispinosa are fertile when rather small. *^~

rr<i j- • t .1 FIG. 24. Spirontocaris

The median spines of the carapace proper are 3 or snyderi. side of carapace

, , • r< z* *• j i of? (X ZK)- Station 2886.

4, instead of 2, as in S. bispinosa, and are larger;

the last spine is at the posterior two fifths of the carapace. Between
these spines and the small ones on the rostrum there is a considerable
space. The rostral teeth are 5 or 6 above, 3 or 4 below. The rostrum
is a little shorter than the carapace and is much the shape of that of

5. bispinosa, excepting that the midrib is more rapidly ascending and
ends in a short point in front of the laminae, and the upper lamina is
shallower and of rather even depth throughout its length.

The antennal peduncle reaches only about a third the length of the
scale, in S. bispinosa half the length of the scale. The first pair of
chelipeds reach the end of the antennal peduncle; in S, bispinosa they
are shorter. The dactyls of the third, fourth, and fifth pairs of feet,
which are very long in S. bispinosa (about half as long as the propodi),
are in S. snyderi a third, or less than a third, as long as their propodi.

Dimensions. — Ovigerous ?, length (approximate) 28 mm., length of
carapace and rostrum 9.4 mm., of rostrum 4.4 mm.

Distribution.— From Puget Sound to Lower California, as follows:
Puget Sound (T. Kincaid).

Heceta Bank, Oregon, 50 fathoms (Albatross station 2886).
Monterey Bay, California, type locality (J. O. Snyder).
Near Lobos Rocks, 77 fathoms (Albatross station 3184).
Off Santa Catalina Island, 47 fathoms (Albatross station 3663).
Southern California (W. H. Dall).
Off Cerros Island, Lower California, 44 fathoms (Albatross station 2838).

SPIRONTOCARIS SICA Rathbun.
Spirontocaris sica RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 894, 1902.

Allied to S. bispinosa, but inhabiting deeper water on the coast of
California. Differs as follows: The teeth of the dorsal carina begin

70 RATHBUN

considerably in front of the middle of the carapace (exclusive of ros-
trum) ; in S. bispinosa they begin at or a little posterior to the middle.

Rostrum shorter; the upper and lower
laminae are narrower and extend nearer
the tip ; there are 9 to 14 superior teeth
„ .T ~^T ( (in S. bispinosa 10 to 12), of which two

FIG. 25. Spirontocans sica. Side of cara- \ f I*

pace of ? (x ii). Station 3200. are on the carapace ; 3 to 5 inferior teeth
on the lamina (the same in 6". bispinosa), but none on the slender termi-
nal portion.

The second segment of the antennular peduncle is longer than in S.
bispinosa, being three times as long as the third segment, while in S.
bispinosa it is twice as long. The outer maxillipeds are longer, reaching
beyond the antennal scale ; in S. bispinosa they do not reach the end of
the scale. The thoracic feet are longer and slenderer, the first pair over-
reaching the antennular peduncle ; in S. bispinosa they fall short of the
peduncle. The last pair exceed the antennal scale by the length of
the dactylus and one half the propodus; in S. bispinosa, by the length
of the dactylus only.

Dimensions. — $ , length 58 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 24.8
mm., of rostrum 12.8 mm.

Type locality. — Santa Barbara Channel, California, 265 fathoms
(Albatross station 3200).

Distribution.— Q ft. the coast of California, from Point Arena to San
Diego, in 211-464 fathoms, at 19 stations of the Albatross.

SPIRONTOCARIS PHIPPSII (Kroyer).

Hippolyte Phippsii KROYER, Naturh. Tidssk., ill, 575, 1841 ( $ ); K. Danske
Vidensk. Selsk. Afhand., IX, 314, pi. Ill, figs. 64-68, 1842 ( $ ).

Hippolyte turgida KROYER, Naturh. Tidssk., Ill, 575, 1841 ( $ ); K. Danske
Vidensk. Selsk. Afhand., IX, 308, pi. II, figs. 57, 58, and pi. Ill, figs.
59-63, i842($).

Hippolyte vibrans SxiMPSON, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., X, 125, 1871 ( $ ).

Female.— Posterior spine of dorsal crest at about the middle of the
carapace ; 7 to 1 2 dorsal spines, which diminish on the rostrum ; 3 or 4
on carapace. Midrib of rostrum slightly inclined upward, nearly straight ;
upper limb diminishing gradually in depth toward the tip ; lower limb
deeper than the upper, triangular, 4 to 7 spines on distal half ; tip acute,
reaching a little beyond the peduncle of the antennula. On the anterior
portion of the carapace are 2 supraorbital spines, one above and a
little behind the other, the lower smaller ; an antennal spine ; and a well-
developed pterygostomian spine.

The antennular scale reaches the end, or nearly the end, of the second

DECAPODS 71

segment of the peduncle ; the eye extends to the second segment, which,
as well as the third, is very short. The antennal peduncle falls short of
the middle of the scale ; scale short and broad, subequal in length to the
rostrum.

The maxillipeds exceed the antennal scale a little. The palm of the
first pair of feet overlaps the last segment of the maxillipeds. The last
three pairs of feet are rather stout, and the last pair exceeds the antennal
peduncle a little.

Abdomen conspicuously punctate.

Male. — The rostrum is horizontal or deflexed, and very slender, and
the spines are small and appressed. Peduncles of antennulae more
elongate than in the ? , eyes not reaching end of first segment, basal
scale extending to middle of second segment.

Dimensions. — Ovigerous ? : length (approximate) 37.5 mm., length
of carapace and rostrum 13 mm., of rostrum 5.3 mm.

Distribution. — Arctic Alaska to the Shumagins; 6-72 fathoms. Cir-
cumpolar. Atlantic coast of America southward to Cape Cod; 8-125
fathoms. Northern Europe.

In the collections of the U. S. National Museum are specimens ob-
tained by Dr. W. H. Dall at various localities along the Aleutian Islands
eastward to the Shumagins, in 6-30 fathoms; in Bering Strait, 13-17
fathoms; and in Plover Bay, Siberia, 10-25 fathoms.

Taken by the Albatross at the following stations :
Pumicestone Bay, 35 fathoms, station 3322.
Off North Head, Akutan Island, 72 fathoms, station 2842.
Unimak Pass, 34 fathoms, station 3220.
North of Bird Island, Shumagins, 21 fathoms, station 2850.

10 miles west of Point Franklin, Alaska, 13^ fathoms (Point Barrow

Expedition).
Lat. 71° 02' oo" N., long. 157° 46' oo" W., 19 fathoms (U. S. R. S.

Cor win}.
Off Point Hope, Alaska, 25 fathoms (U. S. R. S. Corwin}.

SPIRONTOCARIS OCHOTENSIS (Brandt).

Hippolyte ochotensis BRANDT, Middendorff's Reise Sibir., Band II, Zool.,
Theil i, Krebse, p. 120, pi. V, fig. 17, 1851.

Dorsal crest arising at about the middle of the carapace; 3 large
spines on the carapace. Rostrum reaching to end of antennular
peduncle ; midrib ascending in its terminal portion ; upper lamina con-
vex above, tapering forward and backward, armed with about 6 or 7
small spines distant from those on the carapace ; tip usually bifid ; lower
lamina deep, subtriangular, armed with 4 or 5 small spines on the anterior

72 RATHBUN

half. Two spines above the eye, the posterior one above and much

larger than the anterior.

Outer spine of antennula reaching the end of the second segment or

a little beyond it ; flagella reaching only a little
beyond antennal scale. Scale broad, about two
thirds as long as carapace. The maxillipeds
reach a little beyond the antennal scale. The

Palms of the to Pa* of feet extend to the last
(x if). PortMoiier. segment of the maxillipeds. The last 3 pairs of

feet are stoutish, the last pair scarcely reaching the end of the anten-
nal peduncle.

The telson is a little more than one and a half times as long as the
sixth segment, and is armed with 4 pairs of lateral spinules.

In the males the carapace is flatter, the rostrum more horizontal, less
upturned.

Dimensions.— ? , length 40 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 13.5
mm., of rostrum 5.6 mm.

Distribution. — Bering Sea to Sitka ; Kamchatka ; Okhotsk Sea ;
Japan.

Taken by W. H. Ball at 14 stations from Nunivak southward and
along the Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula to Sitka, 5-20 fathoms.
Off Bristol Bay, 7^-14^ fathoms (Albatross stations 3232, 3233,

Off Kululak Bay, 1 5 fathoms (Albatross station 3300).

Lat. 63° 50' oo" N., long. 167° 21' oo" W., 17 fathoms (Lieutenant

George M. Stoney, U. S. N.).
Sitka (Harriman Expedition).
Bering Island (L. Stejneger).

Bering Island, in stomach of Gadus macrocephalus (N. Grebnitzky).
Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka, 10-12 fathoms (N. Grebnitzky).
Okhotsk Sea (Brandt).
Hakodate Bay, Japan (Stimpson).

SPIRONTOCARIS DALLI Rathbun.
Spirontocaris dalli RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 894, 1902.

Female. — Allied to S. ochotensis, from which it is separated by few
but well-marked characters. The rostrum is longer than in S. ochotensis,
reaching nearly to the end of the antennal scale ; the midrib is straighter,
less sinuous, and terminates in a single sharp spine ; the teeth on the ros-
trum are 6-8 above, 3-4 below. The carapace is lower. The last 3
pairs of thoracic feet are longer and more slender. The sixth segment
of the abdomen is also longer than in S. ochotensis^ being more than one
and a half times as long as the fifth segment.

DECAPODS 73

Mate.— As compared with the female, the teeth of the median carina
and rostrum are much smaller and more appressed, sometimes obsoles-
cent, the rostrum less deep and more horizontal; the antennular acicle
does not reach the end of the second segment of
the peduncle ; the spine of the antennal scale falls
short of the end of the blade.

dimensions. — $ , length (approximate) 38 mm.,
length of carapace and rostrum 13.6 mm., of ros-
trum 6 mm.

Distribution.— Arctic Alaska, Aleutian Islands FlG. 27. sti^iZZit da&
to Sitka. <x f • Attu-

a. Side of carapace of $ .

Although this species appears to be not rare b- Side of carapace of ? .
in Alaska, it has been collected almost exclusively by Dr. Dall, who ob-
tained it at 17 stations along the Aleutian Islands and eastward to Port
Etches, 6-20 fathoms; off Cape Sabine, 13 fathoms; and 15 miles off
Cape Krusenstern, 14 fathoms.

Sitka, 2 specimens (Harriman Expedition, W. R. Coe, collector).

SPIRONTOCARIS POLARIS (Sabine).

Alpheus polaris SABINE, Supplement to Appendix of Parry's [First] Voyage,

p. ccxxxviii, pi. II, figs. 5-8, 1824.
Hippolite borealis JAMES C. Ross, in John Ross, Appendix to Narrative of

Second Voyage in Search of a North- West Passage, p. Ixxxiv, pi. B, fig.

3, 1835 ( $ ).

Hippolite polaris JAMES C. Ross, op. cit., p. Ixxxv ( ? ).
Hippolyte St. Fault BRANDT, Middendorff's Reise Sibir., Band II, Zool.,

Theil i, Krebse, p. 118, pi. v, fig. 19, 1851.
Hippolyte cultellata NORMAN, Rept. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1866, p. 200

(1867) (= H. polaris, teste Norman, Museum Normanianum, ill, Crus-
tacea, p. 8, 1886).
Hippolyte polaris SMITH, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., v, p. 80, pi. XI, figs.

1-4, 1879.
Hippolyte Amazo PFEFFER, Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., in, 46, plate,

figs. 7a, 7b, 1886.
Hetairus gaimardii BATE, Challenger Rept., Zool., xxiv, 611, pi. cix, fig.

2, 1888 (not Hippolyte gaimardii Milne Edwards).
Hetairus tennis BATE, op. cit., 613, pi. CIX, fig. 3.
Hetairus debilis BATE, op cit., 615, pi. cix, fig. 4.

Professor Smith (loc. cit.} sets forth the variations in the sexes, in the
number of rostral spines, and in the aculei on the telson. He states that
"the disappearance of the dorsal teeth of the rostrum is evidently a
character peculiar to, but not characteristic of, the adult male." In the
series of specimens from the North Pacific and Bering Sea this is not
the case, as the majority of the females from those localities are devoid
of superior rostral teeth. This series also exhibits other variations. The
body and thoracic feet are usually stouter, the antennal scale shorter and

74 RATHBUN

broader, the antennular scale, on the contrary, commonly longer than in
Atlantic forms, in the ? often reaching the end of the peduncle, and in
the $ sometimes the end of the second segment. There is, however, a
lack of constancy in these characters which prevents the separation of
the stout form as a distinct species ; it was described by Brandt as H. St.
Pauli. Again, the rostrum may be only as long as the peduncle of the
antennula, or reach nearly to the end of the antennal scale ; it may be
of greater or less depth and acuteness. From the variations at a single
locality, Bate {loc. fit.} described three species for which he constructed
the genus Hetairus.

Distribution.— Circumpolar. Atlantic coast of North America south-
ward to Cape Cod, 10-218 fathoms. Northern Europe. Bering Sea,
Okhotsk Sea, Aleutian Islands eastward to Kadiak, to a depth of 283
fathoms :

Taken by the Albatross :
Off Pribilof Islands, 25 fathoms, station 3558.
Off Rat Islands, Aleutians, 55 fathoms, station 3599.
Off Seguam, Aleutians, 283 fathoms, station 3480.
Pumicestone Bay, 35 fathoms, station 3322.

Northwest of Unimak Island, 41 and 43 fathoms, stations 3259, 3262.
Northeast of Cape Leontovich, 22 fathoms, station 3275.
Okhotsk Sea, 10 fathoms, station 3645.

Collected by Dr. W. H. Dall at :

Plover Bay, East Siberia, 10-25 fathoms.

Near Indian Point, Bering Strait, 17 fathoms.

Various localities along the Aleutian Islands eastward to Kadiak, 3-80

fathoms.

St. Paul Island, Pribilofs (William Palmer).
Bering Island (L. Stejneger).
Bering Island, among Laminaria (N. Grebnitzky).

SPIRONTOCARIS UNALASKENSIS Rathbun.

Spirontocaris nnalaskensis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 895,
1902.

Female.— Body rather robust. Carapace carinated in its anterior half;

posterior median spine situated at the anterior third of the carapace.

Rostrum longer than the carapace or the antennal scale, nearly horizontal,

but slightly concave above, dor-
sal spines 4 or 5, equally spaced,
2 on the carapace and 2 or 3 at
base of rostrum ; no upper limb
on distal portion, lower limb

FlG. 28. Spirontocaris unataskensis. Side of carapace _t,_n-.. _j «.,:*T, fV,t-m>

of ? <x i|). station 3331. shallow, convex, armed with tnree

DECAPODS 75

spines in front of middle, tip acuminate, sometimes minutely bifid. An-
terior margin of carapace armed with 3 spines, one supraorbital, one
antennal, and one smaller, pterygostomian. Eyes large, pyriform.

First two segments of antennules with an antero-external spine, third
segment less than half as long as the second and armed with a spine at
the middle of its anterior upper margin ; the scale at outer base over-
reaches the first segment. Outer flagellum reaching but little beyond the
rostrum ; inner flagellum twice as long.

Antennal peduncle extending nearly to the end of the second segment
of the antennular peduncle. Scale oblong, tapering, shorter than the
carapace, tipped with a small spine which is exceeded by the blade.
Flagellum at least two thirds as long as the body.

Tip of maxilliped intermediate between rostrum and antennal scale.
Carpal joint of first pair of feet reaching end of antepenult segment of
maxilliped. Second and fifth pairs of feet reaching about to end of
rostrum.

Abdomen ecarinate, third segment very prominent, its hinder portion
extending well behind the line of the fourth segment. The sixth segment
is about one and two thirds as long as the fifth, and seven ninths as long
as the telson, which is armed with 5 or 6 spinules on each side.

Dimensions.— A. female, soft shell, measures about 79 mm. in length;
a smaller female is 60 mm. long, carapace and rostrum 26.5 mm., rostrum
14.5 mm.

Distribution.— "North of Unalaska, 277-351 fathoms, Albatross stations
33'5> 333°, 333i (type locality).

Variations. — In the male the rostrum is slenderer and more sinuous,
the antennal flagella considerably longer. In small specimens the rostrum
is relatively shorter.

SPIRONTOCARIS VICINA Rathbun.
Spirontocaris -uicina RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 895, 1902.

Allied to S. unalaskensis.

Female. — Posterior dorsal spine at anterior third of carapace. Ros-
trum longer than the carapace or antennal
scale, concave above, dorsal spines 7 or 8, of
which two are on the carapace, the anterior
not very near the tip, inferior spines 4, tip

FIG. 29. Spirontocaris vicina. Side of

broken off in our specimens. Anterior carapace of s (x ii)- station 3316.
margin 3-spined, the pterygostomian spine the smallest. Eyes large,
pyriform.

The antennular peduncles reach nearly to the spine of the antennal

76 RATHBUN

scale ; the second segment is about three times as long as the third ; the
basal scale falls considerably short of the second joint of the peduncle.
The antennal peduncle does not reach the middle of the second segment
of the antennular peduncle ; scale similar to that of S. unalaskensis.

Abdomen like that of the preceding species. The telson is incomplete
in all the females.

Male. — In the single male, the rostrum is a little shorter than the cara-
pace and does not reach the end of the antennular peduncle ; it is also
straighter than in the female, and is armed with 6 spines above and 3
below.

Dimensions. — A female with rostrum and telson broken measures 39
mm. from the orbit to the end of the sixth abdominal segment. A female
about the same size, in very bad shape, is laden with eggs, each about 3
mm. in its greatest diameter. Male, length 50 mm., length of carapace
and rostrum 18.5 mm., of rostrum 8.5 mm.

Distribution. — North of Unalaska, 309-406 fathoms, stations 3316
(type locality), 3330, 3332.

SPIRONTOCARIS WASHINGTONIANA Rathbun.

Spirontocaris ivashingtoniana RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 895,
1902.

Female. — Carapace stout, carinated in its anterior half; posterior
median spine situated at the anterior fourth of the carapace. Rostrum
slender, half as long as the carapace, reaching just to the end of the first

segment of the antennules, nearly horizontal,
slightly sinuous ; dorsal spines 4, two of which
are on the carapace, anterior two fifths of rostrum
unarmed above ; 3 teeth below on anterior third,
FIG. 30. sj-i^i^aris wash- one tooth close to the tip ; except for the teeth,

ingtonianci. Side of carapace of , . 11-111 11

s (XZB)- station 3071. the rostrum is scarcely limbed above or below.

Anterior margin armed with 3 spines, one supraorbital, one antennal, one
smaller at the antero-lateral angle.

Antennular peduncles reaching nearly to the base of the spine of the
antennal scale ; first segment with a large bifurcate spine on the anterior
margin toward the outer angle; second segment with a long simple
spine in the same position ; third segment with a small dorsal spine at
the middle of its anterior margin ; the first segment is about twice as long
as the second, the second three times as long as the third ; the flagella
are subequal in length, and half again as long as the peduncle ; scale
about two thirds as long as first segment. The antennal scale is two
thirds as long as the carapace, oblong-lanceolate, extremity of blade

DECAPODS 77

oblique and exceeding the spine ; the peduncle attains the middle of the
scale ; flagellum about as long as the body.

The maxilliped extends beyond the antennal scale by half the length
of its last segment ; the first pair of feet just reaches the end of the
antennal scale, the second pair extends a little beyond the maxilliped,
the fifth pair not quite so far as the maxilliped. Second to fifth pairs
very slender.

The abdomen is narrow compared with the carapace; the posterior
margin of the third segment is moderately produced ; the sixth segment
is one and a half times as long as the fifth, and a little more than one
half as long as the seventh ; this last has 5 or 6 spinules on either side.

Dimensions. — ?, length 39 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 14
mm., of rostrum 5 mm. A mutilated specimen of the same size is
ovigerous.

Type locality.— Off Sea Lion Rock, Washington, 685 fathoms (Albatross
station 3071).

SPIRONTOCARIS AFFINIS (Owen).

Hippolite affinis OWEN, in Zoology of Capt. Beechey's Voyage [of the
Blossom}, Crustacea, p. go, pi. XXVII, fig. 4 (rostrum).

Locality.— Monterey, California (Owen).

SPIRONTOCARIS GRACILIS (Stimpson).

Hippolyte gracilis STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 155.
Heptacarpus tenuissimus HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII,

203, 1900.
Heptacarpus? gracilis HOLMES, op. cit., p. 205.

Distribution.— From the Shumagins, Alaska, to Monterey, California:
North of Bird Island, Shumagins, 21 fathoms (Albatross station 2850).
Off Cape Beale, Vancouver
Island, British Columbia,
34 fathoms (Albatross sta-
tion 2879).

Off Cape Flattery, Washing-
ton AI~> fntVinrnQ I AllmtrnSS FIG. 31. Spironiocaris gra-

ton, 40 latnoms \siwaiross cilis ? (X2) station 3166.
station 2873).

Off Drake Bay, California, 35 fathoms (Albatross sta-
tion 3155).

Off Point Reyes, California, 47 fathoms (Albatross
station 3166).

Monterey Bay, California (J. O. Snyder).

Puget Sound (T. Kincaid, 1895).

Puget Sound, deep water (Stimpson); Monterey
(Holmes).

78 RATHBUN

On the few specimens examined the superior teeth are 4 ; the inferior
vary from 4 to 8.

Stimpson says that the thick flagellum of the antennulae extends to the
end of the rostrum ; this is probably true of the $ . All the specimens in
hand are females, in which the flagellum extends only about two thirds
the length of the rostrum.

Dimensions. — Approximate length of ? with eggs 48.4 mm., length of
carapace and rostrum 18 mm., of rostrum 10.5 mm.

SPIRONTOCARIS FLEXA Rathbun.

Spirontocaris camtschatica RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands
of the North Pacific Ocean, Pt. ill, 557, 1899. Not S. camtschatica
(Stimpson).

Spirontocaris flexa RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 896, 1902.

Female. — Slender. Carapace crested on its anterior third; rostrum
longer than the carapace, armed with 4 or 5 teeth above, including i or
2 on the carapace ; anterior tooth near middle of rostrum ; anterior half
of rostrum not limbed above. Rostrum very slender, nearly horizontal, a

FIG. 32. Spirontocaris flexa. $ . Station 2850. a. Side of carapace and abdo-
men (X 2)- b. Dorsal view of anterior portion (X 3)-

little arched above the eye ; lower limb narrow and armed with from 5 to
8 spines ; tip reaching nearly to or a little beyond the end of the antennal
scale. An antennal and a pterygostomian spine, the latter well developed.
Antennular peduncle reaching one third the length of the antennal
scale ; basal spine to a little beyond first segment ; thickened portion of
outer flagellum reaching to about distal third of antennal scale; inner
flagellum to end of scale. Spine of antennal scale not nearly as advanced
as the membranous portion. Peduncle of antenna advanced as far as
the second antennular segment ; flagellum nearly as long as body.

DECAPODS 79

Maxillipeds produced to about middle of antennal scale ; first pair of
feet to end of antennal peduncle ; second pair to a little beyond the
maxillipeds ; the last pair of feet to the end of the maxillipeds.

The abdomen is strongly geniculated or bent at a right angle at the
third segment, which is posteriorly produced and compressed, forming
a smooth, rounded carina. The first to fourth segments are without
spines or spinules; the sixth is more than twice as long as wide, but
shorter than the seventh, which is narrow and has 4 spinules on each
side.

Mate.— The thickened portion of the outer antennular flagellum ex-
tends nearly to the end of the antennal scale.

This species is very near S. grarilis, from which it differs in the longer
basal scale of the antennula, in the lower position of the pterygostomian
spine, in the presence of epipods on the maxilliped and first two pairs of
feet.

Dimensions. — ?, length 54 mm., of carapace and rostrum 20 mm., of
rostrum 11.5 mm.

Distribution. — From Bering Sea to Drake Bay, California:

Bering Island, one specimen from stomach of Gadus macrocephalus (N.

Grebnitzky).

Alaska, probably Bering Sea (U. S. R. S. Corwiri).
Kazan Bay, Atka (W. H. Ball).

Albatross stations :

Off Pribilof Islands, 20 fathoms, station 3438.
Off Rat Islands, Aleutians, 55 fathoms, station 3599.
Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 93 fathoms, station 3335.
Off North Head, Akutan Island, 72 fathoms, station 2842.
Off south entrance to Akutan Pass, 45 fathoms, station 2843.
Unimak Pass, 34 and 50 fathoms, stations 3220, 3222.
Northwest of Unimak Island, 43 fathoms, station 3262.
South of Unimak Island, 42 fathoms, station 3217.
15 miles south of Sannak Islands, 44 fathoms, station 2846.
Shumagins, 21-58 fathoms, stations 2850 (type locality), 2851, 2852.
Drake Bay, California, 35 fathoms, station 3155.

SPIRONTOCARIS AMABILIS (Lenz).

Hippolyte amabilis LENZ, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., xiv, 432, pi, XXXII, figs. 2, 3,
1901.

Bare Island, British Columbia (type locality).

SPIRONTOCARIS DECORA Rathbun.
Spirontocaris decora RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 896, 1902.

Female.— Carapace crested on its anterior half ; rostrum longer than
the carapace, armed with 4 or 5 teeth above, of which one or two are on

80 RATHBUN

the carapace, the anterior tooth in front of the middle of the rostrum.
Rostrum not deep, but less slender than in .$*. gracilis and S.flexa, a lit-
tle concave
above, but
nearly hori-
zontal ; lower
limb narrow-
in g dlStally FiG. 33. Spirontocaris decora.
f Station 2946.

irom near

the posterior end, provided with 6 to 8 teeth ; tip
acuminate, reaching nearly to or beyond the an-
tennal scale. Antennal and pterygostomian spines
present, both well developed.

Antennular peduncle between one third and one
half the length of the antennal scale ; spine at base
reaching about to end of first segment. Thick-
ened part of outer flagellum not reaching end of
antennal scale ; inner flagellum twice as long as
outer. Outer margin of antennal scale as long as the carapace ; pedun-
cle extending as far as the end of the second antennular segment. Max-
illipeds extending beyond middle of antennal scale.

The posterior margin of the third abdominal segment is produced
backward in the middle, and the segment itself is posteriorly prominent
but not laterally pinched or carinated as in allied species. The sixth
segment is more than twice as long as wide, and a little longer than
the seventh, which has 5 to 7 pairs of lateral spinules, and is shorter
than the uropods.

Male. — The thickened part of the outer flagellum of the antennula
extends to the end, or nearly to the end, of the antennal scale ; the inner
flagellum is correspondingly long.

Dimensions. — Approximate length of $ 47 mm., length of carapace
and rostrum 16.4 mm., of rostrum 9 mm.

Distribution.— From Strait of Fuca to San Diego, California; 50 to 171
fathoms. Dredged by the Albatross at the following stations :

Strait of Fuca, 152, 114 fathoms, stations 3454, 3461.
Near Flattery Rocks, Washington, 171 fathoms, station 2866.
Heceta Bank, Oregon, 50 fathoms, station 2886.
Off Point Conception, California, 145 fathoms, station 2893.
Off Santa Cruz Island, California, 150 fathoms, station 2946 (type local-
ity).

Off Santa Rosa Island, California, 52 fathoms, station 2956.
Off San Diego, California, 124 fathoms, station 2935.

DECAPODS

81

SPIRONTOCARIS TRIDENS Rathbun.
Spirontocaris tridens RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 896, 1902.

Allied to 6*. gracilis, S. flexa, and S. decora^ but more robust than
these.

Female.— The median crest occupies the anterior third of the carapace ;
superior spines or teeth 3, one on the carapace, one (the largest and
highest) over the base of the eye-stalk and nearer to the anterior than to
the posterior
tooth. In front
of the teeth the
rostrum has al-
most no upper
limb and is gently
ascending and
slightly curved ;
midrib rather stout
and acute at tip ;
the lower limb

diminishes ante-

FIG. 34. Spirontocaris tridens. $ . Station 2865. a. Side of carapace and

riorly and is armed abdomen (X ij)- &• Dorsal view of anterior portion (X 3>-

with 3 to 6 teeth, one near the tip. Rostrum longer than the carapace
or antennal scale. Anterior margin of carapace furnished with a strong
antennal and a very small pterygostomian spine.

Antennular peduncle extending two fifths the length of the antennal
scale ; second and third segments short and subequal ; basal scale with a
spine which extends nearly to the end of the second segment. The
thickened portion of the outer flagellum reaches nearly to the end of
the antennal scale ; inner flagellum twice as long. The antennal pedun-
cle extends a little beyond the end of the second antennular segment;
the flagellum is nearly as long as the body ; the scale, measured along
its outer margin, is a little shorter than the carapace.

The maxillipeds reach two thirds the length of the antennal scale ;
the first pair of feet barely to the end of the antennal peduncle. The tip
of the second pair when extended lies between the end of the maxilliped
and that of the antennal scale ; the tip of the last pair lies between the
end of the maxilliped and the antennal peduncle.

The abdomen has the third segment well produced backward, and its
posterior portion carinated ; the carina is defined on either side by a deep
groove like the imprint of a nail. The sixth segment is more than twice
as long as high, and about as long as the seventh ; this last is a little

82 RATHBUN

shorter than the uropods and is armed with three pairs of lateral
spinules.

Male,— The thickened portion of the outer antennular flagellum reaches
to the end or a little beyond the end of the antennal scale.

Dimensions.— ? , approximate length 61 mm., length of carapace and
rostrum 22 mm., of rostrum 12.5 mm.

Distribution. — From the Aleutian Islands to Washington. Taken by
the Albatross at the following stations :
Unimak Pass, 34 fathoms, station 3220.
Northeast of Amak Island, 19 fathoms, station 3274.
Northeast of Cape Leontovich, 22 fathoms, station 3275.
North of Bird Island, Shumagins, 21 fathoms, station 2850.
Off Cape Flattery, Washington, 40 fathoms, station 2873.
Strait of Fuca, 48 fathoms, stations 2864, 3465.
Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, 40 fathoms, station 2865 (type locality).

A single specimen was taken by Dr. Dall at Port Levashef, Unalaska,
and another at Granite Cove, Port Althorp, Chichagof Island.

Variations.— Three teeth on the dorsal carina is the rule in this
species ; in more than two hundred specimens handled, there was one in
which the anterior of the three teeth was absent, another in which the
posterior tooth was absent, and two cases in which there were 4 teeth
instead of 3.

Distinguished from nearly related species by the fewer dorsal teeth
and by the groove on either side of the third segment of the abdomen.

SPIRONTOCARIS BARBATA Rathbun.

Spirontocaris barbata RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the
North Pacific Ocean, in, 556, 1899.

Anterior two thirds of carapace carinated. Rostrum from one third
to one fourth longer than the carapace, and also a little longer than the
antennal scale ; nearly straight and horizontal ; upper limb very narrow,
widening a trifle in front of eye, then diminishing to the tip, and armed
with 5 to 7 spines, one of which is on the carapace ; anterior tooth at
about anterior third of rostrum ; lower limb broader, gradually dimin-
ishing forward from a point in front of the eye, armed with about i o to
20 teeth and denticles, of which the posterior three or four are of fan-
size, the remainder very small and decreasing toward the tip, where they
are almost indistinguishable; tip acute. Antennal and pterygostomian
spines well and equally developed, the latter unusually high in position.

Antennular peduncle reaching two fifths the length of the antennal
scale ; outer basal spine reaching to about the end of the first segment ;
second segment one and a half times as long as third ; outer flagellum

DECAPODS

not attaining end of scale, a little longer in male than in female ; inner
one exceeding scale. Scale oblong, nearly as long as carapace, laminar
portion considerably
exceeding spine; pe-
duncle extending to
the middle of the third
joint of the antennu-
lar peduncle ; flagel-
lum nearly as long as
body.

Themaxillipeds ex-
tend to middle of an-
tennal scale ; first pair
of feet nearly to end
of antennal peduncle ;
third, fourth, and fifth

pairs Of nearly equal Fin. 35. Spirontocaris barbata. 9. Station 3318. a. Sideofcara-
1 tli tli tVi' e\ ' Pace and abdomen (X J*)- b. Dorsal view of anterior portion (X 23).

reaching spine on antennal scale ; second pair a little shorter.

The abdomen is sharply carinated from the middle of the third to the
end of the fifth segment ; the third to sixth segments terminate in a
slender median spine, by which this species differs from all others ; third
segment with a subterminal hump visible in profile. The fourth segment is
provided with a lateral spine, the seventh with 3 pairs of lateral spinules.

Dimensions. — $ , length 74.5 mm., length of carapace and rostrum
29.6 mm., of carapace 12 mm.

Distribution. — From Pribilof Islands to Strait of Fuca; 45-277
fathoms (Albatross], Occurs usually in small numbers ; most abundant
in Iliuliuk Harbor.

Taken by the Albatross at the following stations :
Off Pribilof Islands, 56-184 fathoms, stations 3484, 3487, 3488, 3489,

3491* 3492» 3494, 3495> 3497 (tyPe locality), 3500, 3609.
Off Makushin Bay, Unalaska, 61 fathoms, station 3318.
Off Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 277 fathoms, station 3315.
Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 45-93 fathoms, stations 33 1 1-3314, 3334-3336.
Off Akutan Island, 51-72 fathoms, stations 2841, 2842, 3547.
Off Aektok Island, 54 fathoms, station 2844.
Unimak Pass, 50-56 fathoms, stations 3222, 3223.
South of Unimak Island, 61 fathoms, station 3216.
Shumagins, 48-58 fathoms, stations 2847, 2852.
Off Shumagin Bank, 138 fathoms, station 3339.
Off the Trinity Islands, 159 and 61 fathoms, stations 2853, 3341.
Strait of Fuca, 123 and 114 fathoms, stations 3459, 3461.

84

RATHBUN

SPIRONTOCARIS CARINATA (Holmes).

Heptacarpus carinatus HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 202,
pi. ill, fig. 60, 1900.

Distribution. — From Monterey Bay, shallow water (Holmes), to Point
Loma, California (Albatross, one specimen).

The eyes of this species are very slender. The antennular peduncles
extend about one third the length of acicle.

SPIRONTOCARIS STYLUS (Stimpson).

Hippolyte stylus STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XVI, 154, 1864
(June).

Hippolyte esquimaltiana BATE, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864 (read De-
cember 13), 666.

Hyppolyte esquimaltianus BATE, in Lord's The Naturalist in Vancouver
Island and British Columbia, II, 278, 1866.

A rather slender species. Rostrum about one third longer than cara-
pace, exceeding acicle, slender, somewhat styliform, horizontal and

straight, armed above with
4 or 5 teeth near its base
(one on the carapace in-
cluded) and 5 or 6 teeth
below. An antennal, but
no pterygostomian spine.
Eyes small. Antennu-
lar peduncle reaching
about two fifths the length
of the acicle ; second and
third segments very short ;

FIG. 36. Spirontocaris stylus. 9 . Barclay Sound. a. Side outer flagellum Scarcely
of carapace and abdomen (X 2)- b- Dorsal view of anterior por- .

tion(X3)- reaching the terminal

fourth of the acicle; inner flagellum exceeding acicle; basal scale not
reaching beyond first segment. Antennal peduncle extending to end of
second segment of antennular peduncle ; acicle (measured along outer
margin) shorter than carapace.

Maxillipeds short, slightly exceeding antennal peduncle ; first pair of
feet stout, not exceeding eyes ; second pair reaching to middle of acicle ;
fifth pair scarcely to end of maxilliped.

The abdomen is strongly geniculated, though the third segment is
gently rounded in profile ; fourth segment unarmed ; sixth segment not
quite twice as long as fifth ; telson with 3 pairs of side spinules.

I think there is little doubt that Bate's H. esquimaltiana belongs here.

DECAPODS 85

Dimensions.— $ , length 44.5 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 19
mm., of rostrum n.i mm.

Distribution. — 'Barclay Sound and Sucia Island, British Columbia (Alba-
tross] ; Esquimalt Harbor, British Columbia (Bate) ; Strait of Fuca (Stimp-
son) ; Port Orchard, Puget Sound (U. S. Nat. Mus.) ; Puget Sound (T.
Kincaid).

SPIRONTOCARIS FABRICII (Kroyer).

Hippolyte Fabricii KROYER, Naturh. Tidsskrift, ill, 571, 1841; K. Danske
Vidensk. Selsk. Afhand., ix, 277, pi. I, figs. 12-20, 1842. — SMITH,
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., v, 63, 1879.

Distribution. — Arctic coast of Alaska southward through Bering Sea
to Siberia and Alaska Peninsula (Cook Inlet) ; Atlantic coast of
America from Greenland southward to Massachusetts Bay. ? Europe
(Kingsley). Depth, low water to 80 fathoms.

Taken by the Albatross at the following stations :

Off Cape Newenham, 17 fathoms, station 3247.

Southwest of Hagemeister Island, 17^ fathoms, station 3246.

Kululak Bay, 14 fathoms, station 3241.

Off Kululak Bay, 17 fathoms, station 3301.

Off Bristol Bay, 30-33 fathoms, stations 3302-3303.

Off Cape Menshikof, 24 fathoms, station 3296.

Off Cape Strogonof, 26—32 fathoms, stations 3291—3294.

Off Cape Seniavin, 37 and 30 fathoms, stations 3286, 3287.

Northeast of Cape Leontovich, 18 fathoms, station 3276.

Northeast of Amak Island, 19 fathoms, station 3274.

Shumagins, 21 and 35 fathoms, stations 2850, 2851.

Southwest of Sannak Islands, 38 fathoms, station 3214.

Off Rat Islands, 34 fathoms, station 3598.

Off Robben Island, Okhotsk Sea, 10-25 fathoms, stations 3645, 3649.

Unalaska, beach.

Collected by W. H. Dall:

Off Cape Sabine, 13 fathoms.

Near Indian Point, Bering Strait, 17 fathoms.

Plover Bay, Siberia, 10-25 fathoms.

Various localities in the Aleutian Islands and eastward to Chugachik

Bay, Cook Inlet ; low water to 80 fathoms.

Also collected :

Ten miles west of Point Franklin, Alaska, 13^ fathoms (Point Barrow
Expedition).

Bering Sea, lat. 63° 50' oo" N., long. 167° 21' oo" W., 17 fathoms (Lieu-
tenant George M. Stoney, U. S. N.).

Bering Island, two specimens in stomach of Gadus macrocephalus ; one
specimen at 12 fathoms (N. Grebnitzky).

Solovarennaja Bay, Kamchatka, 10-12 fathoms, algae (N. Grebnitzky).

Kadiak (Harriman Expedition, W. R. Coe).

86 RATHBUN

SPIRONTOCARIS GAIMARDII BELCHERI (Bell).

Plate in, figs. 3, aa.

Hippolyte belcheri BELL, in Appendix to Belcher's Last of the Arctic Voyages

in Search of Sir John Franklin, II, 402, pi. XXXIV, fig. I, 1855.
? Hippolyte layi LOCKINGTON, Bull. Essex Inst., X, 161, 1878 (not H. layi

Owen).
Hippolyte gaimardii MURDOCH, Kept. Exped. Point Barrow, p. 140, 1885

(part).
Spirontocaris gibbet RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the

North Pacific Ocean, Pt. Ill, 556, 1899.
Hippolyte gibba BIRULA, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imper. Sci. St. Petersbourg,

VII, 428 [n], text fig. i, 1899 [1900] (probably not H. gibba Kroyer).

Female. — Robust. Rostrum longer than the carapace, nearly hori-
zontal posteriorly, anterior half ascending, armed above with 8 to 12
teeth (including 2 to 4 on the carapace), below with 3 to 5 teeth ; ros-
trum tapering gradually to an acuminate tip, which exceeds the antennal
scale. A strong antennal and a well-developed pterygostomian spine.

Eyes rather large, pyriform. Scale at base of antennules reaches one
third the length of the second segment of the peduncle. Peduncle half
as long as antennal scale; second segment twice as long as third;
thickened portion of outer flagellum not reaching the tip of antennal
scale, but sometimes as far as the acicular spine. This scale is shorter
than the carapace ; blade arcuate at extremity and exceeding the spine.
The peduncle reaches about two fifths the length of the scale; the
maxilliped to the distal third of the same; the first pair of feet to
the end of the antennal peduncle; the second pair to a little beyond
the antennal scale ; the fifth pair overreaches the maxillipeds.

The fourth and fifth segments of the abdomen are each armed with
a postero-lateral spine. The third segment is laterally compressed in its
posterior part, which has an angular median lobe, seen in profile, a little
in front of the posterior margin ; on very large females this lobe becomes
hook-shaped (as on one 80 mm. long). The sixth segment is about two
and a half times as long as high, and shorter than the seventh, which is
armed with 5 to 8 spines on each side. The outer uropods are longer
than, the inner ones shorter than, the telson.

Male. — More slender than the female. Rostrum more nearly straight
and horizontal, 8 or 9 teeth above. Thickened portion of outer anten-
nular flagellum exceeding acicle. Lobe on third segment of abdomen
more prominent and hooked.

Young. — In those one inch long and smaller the abdomen shows no
median lobe on third segment, though it is slightly compressed. The
antennular scale does not reach beyond the first segment of the peduncle.

DECAPODS 87

Typical form.— In the typical S. gaimardii (Milne Edwards), of which
Hippolyte gibba Kroyer is probably the male form, there is in the female
no lobe on the third abdominal segment (in a side view), although the
segment is somewhat compressed ; the rostrum is distinctly shorter than
the antennal scale, scarcely if at all longer than the carapace, and is
armed with fewer spines. In both sexes the scale is longer and wider
in the typical form, being about four fifths as long as the carapace.

Distribution. — S. gaimardii belcheri is found from the Arctic coast of
Alaska and Siberia southward to Sitka, taking the place of typical
S. gaimardii; it occurs also in Kara Sea (Dijmphna Exped.), Nova
Zembla (Birula), and at Nakvak, Labrador (L. M. Turner).

Lat. 70° 15' 10" N., long. 162° 55' oo" W., 16 fathoms; lat. 7ioo27
oo" N., long. 157° 46' oo" W., 19 fathoms; and off Point Hope, Alaska,
25 fathoms (U. S. R. S. Corwin}.

Ten miles west of Point Franklin, 13^ fathoms (Point Barrow Exped.).

Bering Strait and Bering Sea in lat. 66° 12' oo" N., long. 168° 54'
oo" W., 30 fathoms; lat. 64° 12' oo" N., long. 162° 52' oo" W., 17
fathoms; lat. 62° 15' oo" N., long. 167° 48' oo" W., 20^ fathoms
(Lieutenant George M. Stoney, U. S. N.).

Plover Bay, Siberia, 10 to 25 fathoms; Cape Lisburne; off Cape Sa-
bine, 13 fathoms; Bering Strait, 13 fathoms; Sitka Harbor, 15 fathoms
(W. H. Ball).

Off mouth of Yukon, 3^ fathoms (E. W. Nelson).

Off St. Matthew Island, 37 fathoms, station 3519 ; off Pribilof Islands,
50 to 52 fathoms {Albatross stations 3527 and 3611).

That the belcheri form cannot be considered a species is shown by the
existence of specimens which unite the characters with those of S. gai-
mardii. In three females from Henley Harbor, Labrador, the abdomen is
without a lobe, but the rostrum is longer than the rest of the carapace,
and just as long as the acicle ; the acicle is long as in typical S. gai-
mardii.

SPIRONTOCARIS TOWNSENDI Rathbun.

Spirontocaris gaimardii RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of

the North Pacific Ocean, Pt. Ill, 556, 1899 (part).
Spirontocaris townsendi RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 897, 1902.

On the Pacific coast there is a large group of species of the gaimardii
type, which can be distinguished only by the closest observation. Of
these species, S. townsendi resembles S. gaimardii and S. gaimardii belcheri
in having the outer maxilliped provided with an exopod and epipod, and
the first two feet also with epipods. S. townsendi continues the range of

88

RATHBUN

S. gaimardii belcheri southward. As typical S. gaimardii does not
occur on the Pacific coast, I will compare the new form with S. gai-
mardii belcheri, and indicate the characters by which it differs from the
latter.

Female. — In S. townsendi the rostrum reaches almost or quite to the
end of the acicle, and is armed above with 5 to 7 (2 on the carapace)

spines, below with
3 to 6 spines ; the
lower limb is deeper
than in S. gaimardii
belcheri, more as in
typical S. gaimar-
dii, but the rostrum
is nearly straight.
The pterygostomi-
an spine is very
small. The scale
at the outer base
of the antennula
reaches to the end
or nearly to the end

FIG. 37. Spironiocaris toivnsendi. ?. Station 2865. a. Side (X 2z)-
b. Dorsal view of anterior portion (X 3)-

of the second seg-
ment; the second
segment is scarcely longer than the third. The antennal scale is almost
as long as the carapace. The maxillipeds reach to the distal fourth of
the antennal scale ; the fifth pair of feet do not attain the end of the
maxilliped.

The third abdominal segment is smoothly rounded, without lobe or
angle, in a profile view ; posterior margin produced moderately backward
at the middle. The fourth segment is devoid of a lateral spine ; the sixth
is about twice as long as high ; the telson is provided with 3 or 4 lateral
spinules on each side.

Male. — The males, which are fewer in number in the collection than
the females, appear to be smaller and a little more slender; otherwise,
save for their longer antennulae, they present no differences from the
females.

Dimensions.— Female, approximate length 60.5 mm., of carapace and
rostrum 20 mm., of rostrum 10.6 mm.

Distribution. — Ranges from the Pribilof Islands to Puget Sound, and
from 21 to 114 fathoms. One exception to this bathymetrical range is
238 fathoms in Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia (Albatross

DECAPODS 89

station 2862) ; here only one specimen was taken, of which the rostrum
and tail are missing ; the characters of the remaining part coincide with
those of typical specimens.

Other stations at which this species was collected by the Albatross are :
Off Pribilof Islands, 25-60 fathoms, stations 3484, 3496, 3558.
Off Rat Islands, Aleutians, 55 fathoms, station 3599.
Unalaska, 35-85 fathoms, stations 3311, 3319, 3321, 3322.
Off North Head, Akutan Island, 56 and 72 fathoms, stations 2841, 2842.
Off south entrance to Akutan Pass, 45 fathoms, station 2843.
Unimak Pass, 34-56 fathoms, stations 3220, 3222, 3223.
Northwest of Unimak Island, 43 fathoms, station 3262.
Southwest of Sannak Islands, 41 fathoms, station 3213.
15 miles south of Sannak Islands, 44 fathoms, station 2846.
Off Kudobin Islands, 36-41 fathoms, stations 3279, 3281.
Shumagins, 48 and 21 fathoms, stations 2847, 2850.
Off Cape Strogonof, 26 fathoms, station 3291.
Portlock Bank, 51-68 fathoms, stations 2856, 2857.
Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, 40 fathoms, station 2865.
Washington Sound, Straits of Fuca, 48 fathoms, station 2864 (type

locality).

Strait of Fuca, 48-1 14 fathoms, stations 3443, 3445, 3461, 3462, 3465.
Granite Cove, Port Althorp, Chichagof Island, Alaska (W. H. Dall).
Puget Sound (T. Kincaid).

SPIRONTOCARIS SUCKLEYI (Stimpson).

ffifflofyte suc&Ieyi STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 154; LENZ,
Zool. Jahrb., Syst., xiv, 432, pi. xxxn, fig. i, 1901.

Spirontocaris gaimardii RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of
the North Pacific Ocean, Pt. in, 556, 1899 (part).

Female. — The nearest approach in the Pacific to the <£ gaimardii of
the Atlantic. Associated with S. townsendi, with which it may easily be
confounded ; distinguished from it as follows :

The rostrum is rather more concave above instead of nearly straight ;
it reaches end of, or may exceed, antennal scale.

The antennular scale does not reach the end of the second segment of
the peduncle.

The antennular peduncle reaches middle of antennal scale (length
measured along outer margin). The second segment is appreciably
longer than the third.

The antennal scale, measured on its outer margin, is much shorter than
the carapace.

The outer maxillipeds overlap the distal fourth of the antennal scale,
and may reach the end of the scale.

The second pereiopod is commonly destitute of an epipod ; sometimes

RATHBUN

it is furnished with a rudimentary epipod, or with a fully developed one.
The last pair of pereiopods reach the end of the antennal scale.

The fourth abdominal segment is provided with a spine on either side

FIG. 38. Spirontocaris suckleyi. 9 (X 25)- Station 3334. a. Side. 6. Dorsal

view of anterior portion.

below. The sixth segment is a little shorter and broader than in S.
townsendi.

Male.— As in S. townsendi, the male resembles the female, except for
being smaller, more slender, and with longer antennules.

S. suckleyi differs from S. gaimardii in the fewer dorsal spines, 5 or 6
against 7 or 8 in S. gaimardii; in the larger eyes; in the antennular
peduncle of the female reaching middle of antennal scale ; in the absence
of hook or hump on the third abdominal segment in the male ; in the
slightly shorter sixth segment ; and in the absence usually of an epipod
from the second pereiopod.

Variations. — In about three hundred specimens examined only one
lacks the spines on the fourth abdominal segment ; in another specimen
the spine is present on one side, absent on the other.

Dimensions.— Length of $ (station 2864) approximately 79 mm.,
length of carapace and rostrum 28.7 mm., of rostrum 16 mm.

Distribution.— from the Arctic coast of Alaska southward to Wash-
ington; 6 to 165 fathoms.

Taken by the Albatross at the following stations :

Off the Pribilof Islands, 20-65 fathoms, stations 3438, 3439, 3483, 3494,

3496, 3504, 3535, 3538, 3552, 3560, 3561, 3611, 3637.
Bristol Bay, 19 fathoms, station 3237.

DECAPODS 91

Off Bristol Bay, 33 fathoms, stations 3303, 3306.

North of Alaska Peninsula, 26-47 fathoms, stations 3278, 3285, 3292,

3297-
Off Unimak Island, 24-43 fathoms, stations 3259, 3262, 3265, 3266.

Off Akutan Island, 72 fathoms, station 2842.

Unalaska, 19-165 fathoms, stations 3310, 3317, 3319, 3322, 3333-3336.
Shumagins, 21-69 fathoms, stations 2847, 2849-2851.
Davidson Bank, 43 fathoms, station 3215.
Off Sitkalidak Island, 60 fathoms, station 2854.
Off Grays Harbor, Washington, 50 fathoms, station 3047.
Strait of Fuca, 48-152 fathoms, stations 2864, 3443, 3445, 3446, 3451,
3454, 3460-3462, 3596.

Cape Smyth, Alaska (Point Barrow Expedition).

Captains Harbor, Unalaska, 80 fathoms (W. H. Dall).

Bay of Islands, Adak, 9-16 fathoms (W. H. Dall).

Lituya Bay, 6-9 fathoms (W. H. Dall).

Berg Bay, Glacier Bay, and Juneau, 20 fathoms (Harriman Expedition).

Puget Sound (Stimpson) ; Bare Island, British Columbia (Lenz).

SPIRONTOCARIS MOSERI Rathbun.

Spirontocaris gaimardii RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the

North Pacific Ocean, Pt. Ill, 556, 1899 (part).
Spirontocaris moseri RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 897, 1902.

Allied to S. gaimardii.

jFemate.—The rostrum may be about as long as, or slightly exceed, the
carapace; it may reach the end of the antennal scale or fall short of
that point ; it is gently
ascending and armed
with 6 to 8 teeth above
(2 on carapace) and
4 to 7 below; upper
limb very narrow ;

FIG. 39. Spirontocaris moseri. ? (X 2).

lower limb very broad station 348o.

in front of the eye, tapering rapidly to the tip, which is
abruptly acute. The antennal spine is strong, the ptery-
gostomian small but well marked.

Eyes large, pyriform. The antennular peduncle reaches
to the middle or to the distal third of the antennal scale ;
the second segment is a little longer than the third; the
thickened portion of its outer flagellum overreaches the
scale ; the spine of the antennular acicle reaches to the middle of the
second segment or about to the end of the first segment. The antennal
peduncle is very stout and nearly as long as the antennular ; the scale is
narrow-ovate, its outer margin about five sevenths as long as the cara-

92 RATHBUN

pace; the flagellum may equal the length of the body. The maxil-
lipeds exceed the scale by one fourth or more of the length of the last
segment. The first pair of feet extended overreach the antennular
peduncle ; the second pair reach the tip of the maxillipeds ; the fifth pah-
extend to or beyond the end of the antennal scale. The dactyli of the
third, fourth, and fifth pairs are short and very stout, and armed with
strong spines.

The third abdominal segment in profile is smoothly rounded ; poste-
riorly it is strongly produced over the fourth ; the fourth has a spine on
either side ; the sixth is twice as long as the fifth ; the seventh is longer
than the sixth and bears 4 or 5 spines on either side.

Male, — The males are smaller and their antennulse a little longer than
in the females.

Dimensions.— Female, length 57 mm., length of carapace and rostrum
22.7 mm., of rostrum 11.5 mm.

Distribution.— ¥>erti\% Sea southward and eastward to Washington,
60 to 5 1 6 fathoms, at the following stations of the Albatross :
Off Pribilof Islands, 81 and 276 fathoms, stations 3602, 3608.
North of Rat Islands, 270 fathoms, station 3785.
Off Seguam, Aleutians, 283 fathoms, station 3480 (type locality).
North of Unalaska, 309-406 fathoms, stations 3316, 3330-3332.
Off North Head, Akutan Island, 72 fathoms, station 2842.
Off Trinity Islands, 159 fathoms, station 2853.
Off Sitkalidak Island, 60 fathoms, station 2854.

Off Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, 204 fathoms, station 2861.
Off Destruction Island, Washington, 516 fathoms, station 3343.

Variations.— Specimens from the two southernmost localities show a
tendency to differ from the types ; the lower limb of the rostrum is nar-
rower, the rostrum shorter and more ascending, the antennular peduncle
longer and its basal scale shorter than in the types. A larger series
might serve to differentiate the southern from the northern form, but at
present they are combined.

SPIRONTOCARIS MAXILLIPES Rathbun.

Spirontocaris maxillipes RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 898, 1902.
Very near S. moseri, but distinguished as follows: The rostrum is
shorter, only about four fifths as long as the carapace, and has usually
fewer teeth, 5 to 8 above, 2 to 6 below. The antennular peduncle reaches
two thirds or more of the length of the antennal scale ; the second seg-
ment is a little longer than in S. moseri. The thickened portion of the
outer flagellum overreaches the scale by about half its length. The spine
of the antennular acicle scarcely reaches the middle of the second seg-

DECAPODS

93

ment, or may not extend beyond the first segment. The antennal peduncle

does not reach beyond the second segment of the antennular ; the scale

is shorter, about two

thirds the length of the

carapace ; more than one

half of the last segment

of the outer maxilliped

extends beyond the scale.

The feet are without epi-

pods ; the first pair reach

the end of the scale or

extend beyond it.

The spine of the
fourth abdominal somite FlG 40 Spirontocaris maxm;pes. ?. station^, a. side (x 2).

is reduced tO an almOSt *• Dorsal view of anterior portion (X 2). c. Chela of first pair (X 4>-

imperceptible spinule ; the sixth somite is shorter than in S. moseri, being
only one and a half times the fifth ; the side spinules of the telson are
commonly 3 in number, occasionally 4.

In this, as well as in the preceding species, the fingers of the first chelae
are a little over half as long as the palm.

Dimensions.— Female, length 48.9 mm., length of carapace and ros-
trum 18.4 mm., of rostrum 8.6 mm.

Distribution.— Aleutian Islands, 283 to 625 fathoms, at the following
Albatross stations :

Off Seguam, 283 fathoms, station 3480 (type locality).
North of Unalaska, 351 and 350 fathoms, stations 3330, 3331.
Off Shumagin Bank, 625 fathoms, station 3338.

SPIRONTOCARIS BRACHYDACTYLA Rathbun.

Spirontocaris brachydactyla RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 898,
1902.

This species is closely allied to S. moseri and S. maxillipes, but is dis-
tinguished by the short fingers of the first chelipeds, which are not more
than a third as long as the palm.

There are two specimens in the collection. The rostrum is distinctly
shorter than the carapace, and, in the one specimen in which it is perfect,
is armed with 6 teeth above (one on the carapace) and 3 below. No
pterygostomian spine. Antennular peduncles reaching a little over half
the length of the antennal scale, second segment very little longer than
third ; antennular scale reaching slightly beyond the first segment in the
larger specimen, shorter than first segment in the smaller specimen ; thick-

94

RATHBUN

FIG. 41. Spircintocaris Irachy-
dactyla. 9 . Station 2928. a. Side
(X 3). b. Chela of first pair (X 5)-

ened portion of outer flagellum extending nearly half its length beyond
the scale. Antennal peduncle just as long as antennular. Half the last

segment of the maxilliped lies be-
yond the scale. The first pair of
feet just reach the tip of the scale ;
the fingers are unusually short,
as above mentioned. No spine
on fourth segment of abdomen;
sixth segment twice as long as
fifth ; telson broken.

Dimensions. — Length of ovig-
erous female, exclusive of ros-
trum and telson, 24.8 mm., length of carapace 7.7 mm.

Distribution. — Southern California, deep water. The type, an ovig-
erous female, was dredged off Santa Cruz Island, in 266 fathoms (Alba-
tross station 2948). A much smaller female comes from off San Diego,
417 fathoms (Albatross station 2928).

SPIRONTOCARIS CAMTSCHATICA (Stimpson).

Hippolyte camtschatica STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XII, p. 33,
[102], 1860.

Belongs to the gaimardit group.

Female. — Rostrum a little longer than the carapace, shorter than
antennal scale, nearly straight (or slightly concave above), horizontal,
armed with 4 or 5 teeth above, the ante-
rior tooth at about the distal third, i or
2 teeth on carapace ; upper limb very
narrow, disappearing anteriorly; lower
limb deepest a little in front of the eye,

. ... FIG. 42. Spirontocaris camtschatica. ?.

and tapering dlStally, armed With 4 tO 6 Side of carapace (X 2)- Petropavlovsk.

teeth ; extremity acute. A strong antennal, a very small pterygostomian
spine.

The antennular peduncle reaches about two fifths the length of the
antennal scale ; second and third segments very short, the second a little
the longer; the thickened portion of the outer flagellum extends to the
terminal third of the antennal scale ; the inner flagellum reaches to the
end of the scale. The spine at the outer base of the antennules reaches
to, or nearly to, the distal margin of the second segment. The outer
margin of the antennal scale measures nearly as long as, just as long as,
or a little longer than, the carapace ; its spine falls considerably short of
the laminar portion; the peduncle extends to the end of the second

DECAPODS 95

segment of the antennular peduncle. The outer maxillipeds reach a little
beyond the middle of the antennal scale ; the first pair of feet to the end
of the antennal peduncle ; the second pair midway between the maxilli-
peds and the tip of the scale ; the fifth pair to the end of the maxillipeds.

The third segment of the abdomen seen in profile is evenly rounded ;
it is laterally slightly compressed; fourth segment without spines; the
sixth is less than twice as long as the fifth, and also shorter than the
seventh, which has 4 or 5 spines on either side.

Male, — Smaller and more slender. Rostrum longer, sometimes ex-
ceeding the scale a trifle, curving upward in terminal half, armed with 5
to 7 teeth above, 5 to 9 below. The pterygostomian spine may be
obsolete. The thickened portion of the outer flagellum extends to the
terminal fifth of the antennal scale.

Dimensions. — $ , approximate length 50 mm., length of carapace and
rostrum 18.5 mm., of rostrum 10.2 mm. $ , approximate length 34 mm.,
of carapace and rostrum 16 mm., of rostrum 9.5 mm.

Distribution.— From Arctic Alaska southward to Kamchatka and
Aleutian Islands, and eastward to Port Etches.

Taken by Dr. Dall in small numbers at Cape Lisburne, 5-7 fathoms ;
Cape Etolin, Nunivak, 8 fathoms; Hagemeister Strait, 8-15 fathoms;
Chichagof Harbor, Attu, 5-7 fathoms; Kiska Harbor, 9-12 fathoms;
Constantine Harbor, Amchitka, 6-10 fathoms; Bay of Islands, Adak,
9-16 fathoms; off station reef, Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 3 fathoms;
Belkofski Bay, 15-25 fathoms; Anchorage, Big Koniuji Island, Shu-
magins, 6-20 fathoms; Shahafka Cove, Kadiak; Chugachik Bay,
Cook Inlet, 20-60 fathoms ; Port Etches, 5-8 fathoms.
Bristol Bay, 14^ fathoms (Albatross station 3236).
Kadiak, 5 fathoms (Harriman Expedition, W. R. Coe).
Bering Island (L. Stejneger).

Bering Island, in stomach of Gadus macrocephalus (N. Grebnitzky).
Rakovaya Bay, Avacha Bay, Kamchatka (L. Stejneger).
Solovarennaja Bay, Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka, 10-12 fathoms, algaj

(N. Grebnitzky).

SPIRONTOCARIS KINCAIDI Rathbun.

Spirontocaris kincaidi RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 899, 1902.

Near S. camtschatica.

Female.— Carapace short in relation to the abdomen. Rostrum one
third longer than the carapace, not reaching tip of antennal scale,
slightly concave above, horizontal, armed above with 5 (occasionally 6)
teeth, two of which are on the carapace, the anterior tooth a little before
the middle of the rostrum ; tip acute ; lower limb, as in all the gaimardii

96 RATHBUN

group, tapering from a point in front of the eye to the tip, armed with
5 teeth, one subterminal. Antennal spine strong, pterygostomian very
small.

Antennular peduncle reaching about two fifths the length of the
antennal scale, second and third segments very short and subequal, outer
scale reaching distal
margin of second seg-
ment, outer flagellum
falling short of the tip
of antennal scale, inner
flagellum exceeding it.
Antennal peduncle al- FIG. 43. spirontocaris kincaidi. 9 <x

Station 3124.

most as long as anten-

nular ; scale tapering, measured on outer margin exceeding
the carapace ; its spine long, but still not so advanced as
the blade. Outer maxillipeds not quite reaching tip of ros-
trum ; first pair of feet to middle of antennal scale ; second pair ex-
tending just beyond maxilliped.

The posterior margin of the third abdominal segment is produced
backward in a strong lobe; the abdomen is strongly bent at this point;
the fourth segment is spineless ; the sixth is less than twice as long as
the fifth, and a little shorter than the telson, which is armed with four
pairs of lateral spines.

Dimensions. — Ovigerous ? , length (approximate) 36.5 mm., length
of carapace and rostrum 13.6 mm., of rostrum 7.7 mm.

Distribution. — From Washington to Santa Cruz, California:

Puget Sound (T. Kincaid).

Off Flattery Rocks, Washington, 40 fathoms (Albatross station 2873), i $ .

Off Santa Cruz, California, 21 fathoms (Albatross station 3124), i $ (type).

Strait of Fuca, 37 fathoms (Albatross station 3593), i egg-bearing ?,
placed here with doubt. The rostrum and telson are broken, the
antennulae are a little longer than in the type, their peduncles reach
nearly to the middle of the acicle.

SPIRONTOCARIS LAYI (Owen).

Hippolite Layi OWEN, in Zoology of Captain Beechey's Voyage [in the Blos-
som], Crustacea, p. 90, pi. xxvn, fig. 3, 1839.

Distribution.— Monterey, California (Owen) ; Esquimalt Harbor,
Vancouver Island (Bate).

Owen's description is as follows :

" Hip. rostro acuminato, supra multi-serrato, ante medium subtus
quadri-serrato. Long. corp. unc. 2^. Color ruber." According to

DECAPODS

97

Owen, the rostrum is longer and narrower than in S. affinis, extending to
the extremity of the superior antennae; the dental formula was the
same, -^, in the 3 specimens preserved. According to Owen's figure,
the antennular peduncle extends about to the middle of the rostrum, the
second and third segments are subequal, the thickened portion of the
outer flagellum is shorter than the peduncle. The rostrum curves strongly
upward in its anterior half.

SPIRONTOCARIS BIUNGUIS Rathbun.
Spirontocaris biunguis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 899, 1902.

This species of the gaimardii group is an inhabitant of deeper water,
and is distinguished by its larger eyes, longer rostrum, subchelate dactyli,
and by having an exopod and an epipod on the outer maxilliped, while
the pereiopods are destitute of epipods.

Carapace carinated on its anterior half or two thirds. Rostrum from one
and a fourth to one and two thirds times as long as remainder of cara-
pace, its poste-
rior half or third
gradually as- V
cending, the re-
mainder more
abruptly so ; up-
per limb narrow,
the widest point
in front of the

FIG. 44. Spirontacaris biunguis. Station 3324. a. Side.

eye; lower limb 9 (Xi^). 6. Dorsal view of anterior portion. ?(Xi£). c.
, Dactylus of one of last 3 pairs of legs (X 10).

a little wider than

the upper ; terminal third a slender sharp spine, not limbed ;
dorsal spines 5 to 7 (two on carapace), ventral spines 4 to 7.
Antennal spine strong ; pterygostomian spine or tooth very small.

Eyes very large and oblique, pyriform, the cornea covering the greater
part of the peduncle. Antennular peduncle extending a little past the
middle of the antennal scale ; second joint three times as long as third ;
outer scale reaching to end of first segment ; thickened portion of outer
flagellum extending in the female one third, in the male two thirds of its
length beyond antennal scale. This last is four fifths as long as carapace ;
antennal peduncle reaching end of second segment of antennular
peduncle ; flagellum longer than the body.

The tips of the maxillipeds are half way between the antennal peduncle
and the tip of the scale. The first pair of feet attain the middle of the
last joint of the antennal peduncle ; the palm is less than twice as long as

98 RATHBUN

the fingers. The second pair exceed the acicle. The last 3 pairs are very
slender and about the same length, the tip of the last pair reaching the
terminal third of the rostrum ; the extremity of the propodi is fringed with
bristles ; the dactyli are slender ; the proximal half of their concave mar-
gin is furnished with 5 or 6 spinules so closely appressed that to the
naked eye the dactylus appears unarmed ; the distal spinule is long,
and with the slender tip of the dactylus gives the appearance of a minute
chela.

The abdomen is non-carinated ; the fourth segment is unarmed ; the
sixth segment is one and a half times the fifth ; the seventh is a little
longer than the sixth and armed with 5 or 6 spinules on each side.

Dimensions.— Length of egg-laden $ 83 mm., length of carapace and
rostrum 37.6 mm., of rostrum 23.2 mm.

Distrib2ttion. — 1trom Bering Sea (off Pribilof Islands) to Oregon, 109-
987 fathoms.

Dredged by the Albatross :

Off Pribilof Islands, 184-688 fathoms, stations 3489, 3501, 3502, 3608.
North of Aleutian Islands (178° 31' oo" E.), 850 fathoms, station 3784.
North of Rat Islands, 270 fathoms, station 3785.
North of Unalaska, 225-987 fathoms, stations 3227, 3316, 3329-3332,

3607.

West of Unalaska, 576 fathoms, station 3326.

Chernofski Harbor, Unalaska, 109-284 fathoms, stations 3324, 3325.
Off Shumagin Bank, 625 fathoms, station 3338.
Southeast of Chirikof Island, Alaska, 695 fathoms, station 3340.
Off Cape St. James, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, 876

fathoms, station 2860 (type locality).
Off Sea Lion Rock, Washington, 636-877 fathoms, stations 3069-3071,

3074, 3075.

Off Cape Elizabeth, Washington, 831 fathoms, station 3344.
Off Grays Harbor, Washington, 559 fathoms, station 2871.
Off Tillamook Bay, Oregon, 786 fathoms, station 3346.

SPIRONTOCARIS PALPATOR (Owen).

Hippolyte palpator OWEN, in Zoology of Captain Beechey's Voyage [in the

Blossom}, Crustacea, p. 89, pi. XXVIII, fig. 3, 1839.
Heptacarpus palpator HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vil, 196,

pi. ill, figs. 48, 49, 1900, and synonymy.

Distribution.— San Francisco Bay, California (Stimpson), to Magda-
lena Bay, Lower California (Lockington). Monterey (Owen). The
specimen from Kadiak referred by Brandt to this species is probably S.
brevirostris, as stated by Dr. Holmes.

Specimens in the National Museum are from Pacific Grove, California
(John C. Brown); San Diego (H. Hemphill, C. R. Orcutt) ; San Diego

DECAPODS 99

County (C. R. Orcutt) ; San Diego Bay, 5-6^ fathoms (Albatross sta-
tions 3575~3578» 3582)-

SPIRONTOCARIS BREVIROSTRIS (Dana).

Hippolyte brevirostris DANA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, 24; Crust.

U. S. Expl. Exped., i, 566, 1852, pi. xxxvi, fig. 5, 1855.— STIMPSON,

Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 500, 1857.
Spirontocaris brevirostris WALKER, Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., XII, 276,

1898.
Heptacarpus brevirostris HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vn, 198,

pi. Ill, figs. 50, 51, 1900, and synonymy.

Distribution.— Attu, Aleutian Islands, to San Francisco Bay, California.
Nine localities between Attu and Sitka, low water to 25 fathoms (W. H.

Dall).

Unalaska (S. Applegate).
Aleutian Islands (L. M. Turner).
Kadiak (W. J. Fisher).
Tongass, Alaska (H. E. Nichols).

Yakutat; Kadiak, 5 fathoms; Sitka (Harriman Expedition).
Otter Bay, Fender Island, Seymore Narrows, British Columbia ; Sucia

Island, British Columbia ; Port Angeles, Washington (Albatross}.
Fort Rupert, British Columbia (Harlan I. Smith).
Strait of Fuca.
Puget Sound (T. Kincaid).

Cape Mendocino, California (University of California).
San Francisco Bay (H. Hemphill).

Previously recorded from Kadiak (Brandt, as palpator) ; Vancouver
Island (Smith) ; Strait of Fuca, near Dungeness (Dana) ; Humboldt
County, California (Holmes) ; San Francisco Bay (Stimpson, Holmes).

SPIRONTOCARIS PUSIOLA (Kroyer).

Hippolyte pusiola KROYER, Naturh. Tidssk., Hi, 576, 1841; K. Danske
Vidensk. Selsk. Afhand., IX, 319, pi. ill, figs. 69-73, 1842. — SMITH,
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., v, 77, pi. ix, figs. 4-7 (telson), 1879.

Distribution. — Bering Island, Aleutian Islands, and Alaska Peninsula
eastward to Chichagof Island, 5-159 fathoms. Gulf of St. Lawrence to
Long Island Sound, low water to 105 fathoms. Greenland? Iceland.
Northern Europe.

Collected by the Albatross :

Off North Head, Akutan Island, 56-72 fathoms, stations 2841, 2842.
Davidson Bank, 42 fathoms, station 2845.
Northeast of Amak Island, 19 fathoms, station 3274.
North of Bird Island, Shumagins, 21 fathoms, station 2850.
Off Trinity Islands, 159 fathoms, station 2853.

100 RATHBUN

By W. H. Dall at :

Port Levashef, Unalaska, 20-30 fathoms.

Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 10 fathoms.

Captains Harbor, Unalaska, outside of ridge, 25-75 fathoms.

Off Round Island, Coal Harbor, Unga, 8-9 fathoms.

Anchorage, Big Koniuji Island, Shumagins, 6-20 fathoms.

Popof Strait, near reef, 6 fathoms.

Shahafka Cove, Kadiak, 12-14 fathoms.

Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet, 20-60 fathoms.

Port Etches, 5-8 fathoms.

Granite Cove, Port Althorp, Chichagof Island.

Bering Island (L. Stejneger).

Bering Island, among Laminaria (N. Grebnitzky).

The males grow to be as large and robust as the females ; they have
the antennular peduncle and outer maxilliped much longer than in the
female ; in old males the peduncle is about four fifths as long as the an-
tennal scale, first segment extending half its length beyond the eyes, outer
basal scale only two thirds as long as first segment, second segment twice
as long as third. Antennal scale, measured on outer margin, two thirds
as long as carapace ; peduncle overreaching slightly the first segment of
the antennular peduncle. The penult segment of the outer maxilliped
slightly overreaches the antennal peduncle ; the terminal segment is very
long, as long as the carapace.

Dimensions. — A male measures 25 mm. long, carapace and rostrum
8.3 mm., rostrum 2.5 mm.

SPIRONTOCARIS HERDMANI Walker.

Spirontocaris herdmani WALKER, Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., XII, 277, pi.
xvi, fig. 2, 1898.

Small. Carapace high. Rostrum two thirds length of carapace
proper, reaching nearly or quite to end of, or a little beyond, first antennu-
lar segment, straight, deflexed ; upper margin armed with 3 to 6 teeth, one
of which is on the carapace, anterior tooth remote from the tip, which
is pointed ; lower margin with one or two teeth near the tip. Antennal
and small pterygostomian spine present. Antennular peduncle reaching
a little past middle of antennal scale ; second and third joints very short,
the second a little the longer ; basal scale reaching to end of first seg-
ment; thickened part of outer flagellum extending beyond acicle.
Acicle nearly as long as carapace ; antennal peduncle nearly as long as
antennular. Outer maxilliped extending beyond scale by half length of
last segment. First pair of feet exceeding scale a little. Fourth seg-
ment of abdomen provided with a small lateral spine ; sixth segment short,
very little longer than wide ; telson with three spinules on each side.

DECAPODS 101

Walker says of this species that " the rostrum reaches a little beyond
the end of the peduncle of the inner antennse," but this may be an error,
as in the figure the rostrum is represented not much longer than the eye.

Dimensions. — Length of female with ova 30 mm. (Walker). Length
of female with ova 16.2 mm., length of carapace and rostrum 5.2 mm.,
of rostrum 2.1 mm.

Distribution.— Sitka, Alaska, 10 fathoms, June 15, one ? with ova
(Harriman Expedition). Puget Sound, 1895, 3 specimens (T. Kincaid).
Puget Sound (Walker).

SPIRONTOCARIS TAYLORI (Stimpson).

Hippolyte taylori STIMPSON, Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vi, 500, 1857.
Heptacarpus Taylori HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 199, pi.
Ill, figs. 52, 53, 1900, and synonymy.

Distribution.— Son. Francisco Bay, California, to Magdalena Bay,
Lower California. Specimens in the National Museum from Monterey
(D. S. Jordan, 1880, and J. O. Snyder, 1895), San Pedro (Albatross\
Point Loma (Albatross], San Diego (Rosa Smith).

One of the three females collected by Dr. Jordan has an abnormal
rostrum, longer and more slender than in typical specimens, still not
reaching the cornea; in other respects the individual agrees with its
associates.

SPIRONTOCARIS PICTA (Stimpson).

Hippolyte picta STIMPSON, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, 125, 1871.
Heptacarpus pictus HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 200, pi. ill,
figs. 54 and 55, 1900, and synonymy.

Distribution. — Monterey Bay to San Diego, California. Specimens are
in the National Museum from Monterey Bay (Albatross], Pacific Grove
(H. Heath, John C. Brown), Catalina Harbor (W. H. Ball), Lajolla
(Albatross], San Diego (various collectors).

SPIRONTOCARIS PALUDICOLA (Holmes).

Heptacarpus paludicola HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 201,
pi. in, figs. 56, 57, 1900.

Distribution. — Humboldt Bay (Holmes) to San Diego, California.
Specimens are in the National Museum from San Diego (Albatross], and
from either Monterey or Catalina Harbor (Dall).

Since this paper went to press, a Spirontocaris from Pearson, Wash-
ington, has been received, through R. W. Doane, which seems to be un-
described. It has the coloration of S. picta, a rostrum similar to that of
S. paludicola, while the epipods are as in S. sitchensis.

102 RATHBUN

SPIRONTOCARIS SITCHENSIS (Brandt).

Hippolyte sitchensis BRANDT, Middendorff's Reise Sibir., II, Zool., Theil I, 1 16,
pi. v, fig. 1 8, 1851. — ?? STIMPSON, Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vi,
499, 1857 (Monterey).

?? Hippolyte sitchcensis STIMPSON, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., X, 125, 1871.

This species resembles most S. paludicola of California. It differs,
however, in its shorter rostrum, which is two thirds or four fifths the
length of the carapace; in the shorter antennular scale, only slightly
exceeding the first segment of the peduncle ; in the shape of the antennal
scale, which is broadly arcuate at the end, the blade exceeding the spine ;
in lacking an epipod on the second pereiopod.

Distribution. — "From Sitka, Alaska, southward to Puget Sound:
Sitka (Brandt) ; Cape Fox, 3 ? (W. R. Coe, Harriman Expedition) ;
Tongass, July 16, 1885, 3 ? (Lieutenant H. E. Nichols, U. S. N.); Ref-
uge Cove, Port Chatham, i $ (W. H. Dall) ; Puget Sound (Caiman).

SPIRONTOCARIS CRISTATA (Stimpson).

Hippolyte cristata STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 33 (not

H. cristatus De Haan, 1849). !

Spirontocaris cristata WALKER, Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., xn, 277, 1898.
Heptacarpus cristatus HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 202,

pi. in, figs. 58, 59, 1900.

Distribution. — From Sitka, Alaska, to San Diego, California:

Sitka, 10 fathoms (Harriman Expedition); Puget Sound (Walker, also

collected by T. Kincaid).

San Pablo Bay, taken in Chinese shrimp-nets (Albatross}.
Monterey Bay, 33 fathoms (Albatross station 3132) ; Monterey (J. O.

Snyder).
San Diego Bay 3-6^ fathoms (Albatross stations 3563, 3567, 3575-

3578).
San Diego, 10 fathoms (H. Hemphill) ; south of San Diego Bay, 22

fathoms (Albatross station 3679).
Southern California (W. H. Dall).

I have a little doubt about the single speci-
j men from Sitka, as it is much mutilated ; it is
not, however, referable to any other species.

The male differs peculiarly from the female.
It has the customary points of difference : It is
smaller, more slender, the rostrum is more slen-
firstpair. a. $ . b. « . ^gj. an(j sijghtly overlaps the second antennular

1 1 have considered that De Haan's use of this name on plate XLV did not invalidate
it for Stimpson's species, because De Haan in his Errata (p. 244), as well as in the
explanatory text (p. 194), corrected the name of his species to Sicyonia cristata, the
correction appearing, so far as I am able to ascertain, simultaneously with the plate.

DECAPODS

103

FlG. 46. Spirontpcaris stoneyi
(X 5)- Bering Sea.

segment instead of reaching to the end of it ; but the most striking char-
acter is the unusual length of the fingers, which exceed the palm in
length and are rather slender, giving the chelae a Pakemon-like appear-
ance ; in the ? , on the contrary, the fingers are considerably shorter
than the palm, as in most species of the genus.

SPIRONTOCARIS STONEYI Rathbun.
Spirontocaris stoneyi RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 899, 1902.

Near S. cristata ; a small, slender species. Rostrum about half as
long as the carapace and reaching a little beyond first segment of anten-
nular peduncle ; upper margin
convex and armed with 7 to
9 teeth (i or 2 of which are on
carapace), except near the tip,
where it is straight and un-
armed ; tip pointed ; midrib
nearly straight, lower margin

with a tooth near the tip. A strong antennal, a short but
slender pterygostomian, spine.

Antennular peduncle reaching to middle of antennal scale ;
second segment one and a half times as long as third ; outer
scale not reaching end of first segment; thickened portion
of outer flagellum reaching about to end of antennal scale.
Scale as long as carapace ; spine reaching as far as blade ;
peduncle reaching a little beyond first segment of anten-
nular peduncle. Maxillipeds very slender, reaching to the
distal third of the antennal scale ; the first pair of feet to a little beyond
the antennal peduncle, the palm widening distally and only a little
longer than the fingers ; second pair of feet about reaching tip of scale.

Fourth abdominal somite unarmed; sixth long, over \y2 times as long
as fifth, and as long as telson, which has 3 pairs of side spines.

Dimensions. — Female, length 20 mm., length of carapace and rostrum
5.5 mm., of rostrum 1.8 mm.

Type locality.— Bering Sea, lat. 620 15' oo" N., long. 1670 48' oo" W.,
20^ fathoms (Lieutenant George M. Stoney, U. S. N., June, 1884).

SPIRONTOCARIS AVINA Rathbun.

Spirontocaris a-vina RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the
North Pacific Ocean, in, 557, 1899.

Carapace with anterior half carinated ; rostrum half or less than half
the length of the carapace, reaching to end of first antennular segment ;

IO4

RATHBUN

strongly arched over the eye, and armed with 12 to 14 small teeth; the
posterior 3 or 4 behind the orbit, the posterior 2 distinctly separated from
the others ; the hindermost is much depressed, obsolescent ; the distal

third of the rostrum is
'straight, either horizon-
tal or slightly deflexed,
acute, unarmed above,
furnished with i or 2
. teeth below ; lower limb
very narrow. Antennal
spine well developed,
pterygostomian very
small.

Eyes large, pyriform.

FIG. 47. Spirontocaris avina. Station 2853. a. Side of carapace Antennular peduncle
(X 3>- b- Dorsal view of anterior portion (X 4>- extending tWO thirds

the length of the antennal scale, second segment three times as long as
third, outer basal scale suberect and not reaching end of first segment ;
flagella subequal in length ; thickened part of outer one extending half
its length beyond antennal scale. Outer margin of antennal scale a
little more than two thirds as long as carapace, scale tapering, distal
margin very oblique, peduncle extending quite to middle of scale and
nearly to end of second segment of antennular peduncle.

The outer maxillipeds extend beyond the scale by nearly half the
length of their last segment. First pair of feet reaching half-way
between antennal peduncle and end of scale ; second pair exceeding
maxilliped by the length of the propodus and the last joint of the carpus;
third to fifth pairs nearly equal, the fifth pair overreaching the second
pair ; dactyli very slender and unarmed.

Abdomen smooth ; fourth segment furnished with a lateral spine ;
sixth segment a little less than twice as long as fifth, and shorter than
seventh, which bears 3 spinules on each side.

Male. — Smaller, more slender, and has slightly longer antennulae than
the female.

Dimensions. — Female, length 35 mm., length of carapace and rostrum
12 mm., of rostrum 3.5 mm.

Distribution. — From Pribilof Islands to Oregon, 41 to 351 fathoms.
Taken exclusively by the Albatross, at the following localities :

Off Pribilof Islands, 60-184 fathoms, stations 3484, 3485, 3489, 3494,

3605, 3609.
North of Unalaska, 165-351 fathoms, stations 3315, 3317, 3330 (type

locality), 3331.

DECAPODS 105

Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 58-68 fathoms, stations 3310, 3313.

Off Akutan Island, 72-91 fathoms, stations 2842, 3548.

Northwest of Unimak Island, 81-85 fathoms, stations 3225, 3257.

Off Kudobin Islands, 41 fathoms, station 3279.

Between Unga and Nagai Islands, Shumagins, no fathoms, station

2848.

Off the Trinity Islands, 159 fathoms, station 2853.
Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia, 67 fathoms, station 2863.
Strait of Fuca, 53-100 fathoms, stations 3443, 3445, 3446, 3460, 3596,

3597-

Near Flattery Rocks, Washington, 171 fathoms, station 2866.
Off Heceta Bank, Oregon, 277 fathoms, station 2890.

SPIRONTOCARIS MACILENTA (Kroyer).

Hippolyte macilenta KROYER, Naturh. Tidssk., Ill, 574, 1841; K. Danske
Vidensk. Selsk., Afh., ix, 305, pi. II, figs. 55, 56, 1842. — SMITH, Trans.
Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., v, 71, 1879.

Spirontocaris macilenta RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of
the North Pacific Ocean, Pt. in, 557, 1899.

Distribution. — Arctic and Atlantic coasts of North America, as far
south as Halifax, Nova Scotia; Bering Sea; Kamchatka; Okhotsk
Sea; 16 to 100 fathoms.

The following localities on the Alaskan and Asiatic coasts are repre-
sented in the Museum collection :

Arctic Ocean (U. S. R. S. Corwiri).

Bering Strait (Dr. Robert White).

Lat. 66° 30' 25" to 66° 43' oo" N., long. 167° 14' 10" to 168° 08' 15"

W., 19-30 fathoms (U. S. R. S. Corwin}.
Bering Sea, between Matthew Island, Pribilof Islands, and Bristol Bay ;

29)4-39 fathoms (Albatross stations 3252, 3306, 3507, 3511, 3513,

35i8, 3519).

Off Kamchatka, 39-42 fathoms (Albatross station 3781).
Avacha Bay, Kamchatka, 16 fathoms (Albatross station 3642).
Southeast coast of Kamchatka, 100 and 96 fathoms (Albatross stations

3643* 3644)-
Off Robben Island, Okhotsk Sea, 25 fathoms (Albatross station 3649).

SPIRONTOCARIS MACROPHTHALMA Rathbun.

Spirontocaris macrophthalma RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV,
900, 1902.

Allied to S. macilenta and S. bispinosa.

Female. — Carapace carinated in its anterior half, posterior spine at the
anterior fifth ; upper line of carapace and midrib of rostrum nearly hori-
zontal, the rostrum gently ascending in its anterior portion; rostrum
about three fourths or five sixths as long as the carapace, upper and
lower limbs with convex margins, and widest at about the middle of their

io6

RATHBUN

length; upper margin armed with 10 to 14 teeth, including 2 or 3 on the
carapace ; lower margin with i to 3 spines ; tip acute. A strong antennal

FlG. 48. Spironiocaris maercphthalma. Station 3076. a. Side view, $ (X 2).
b. Dorsal view of anterior portion, ? (X zj).

spine on the anterior margin, no supraorbital nor pterygostomian spine ;
antero-lateral angle sharp.

Eyes large, pyriform ; corneas extending on the inner side almost to
the base of the peduncle. Eyes reaching two thirds the length of the
first antennular segment ; this segment is twice as long as the second,
and the second three times as long as the third ; the second and third
are each provided with a terminal spine ; the peduncle does not reach
the end of the rostrum ; the thickened part of the outer flagellum exceeds
by half its length the antennal scale ; inner flagellum half again as long
as outer ; the basal scale does not quite reach the end of the first seg-
ment ; it has a strong lobe on its proximal outer margin. The peduncle
of the antennas extends to the end of the second segment of the anten-
nulae and the middle of the scale ; the flagellum is one and a third times
the length of the body. The blade of the scale exceeds the spine con-
siderably, and is most advanced toward its inner margin.

The outer maxillipeds are slender and reach midway between the end
of the antennal peduncle and the end of the scale. The first pair of feet
reach just beyond the base of the scale ; the second pair just beyond the
end of the scale ; of the carpal joints, the second is greater than the first,
the first plus the second equals the third, the fourth equals the seventh,
the fifth is greater than the sixth, the fifth plus the sixth exceeds a little
the seventh. The last three pairs of feet are long, fragile, and unarmed ;

DECAPODS 107

the last pair may extend beyond the antennal scale by the length of the
dactylus and two thirds of the propodus.

The first four segments of the abdomen are unarmed ; the third pro-
duced moderately backward in the middle; fifth with a spine at the
infero-posterior angles; sixth with a spine at the infero-posterior and
supero-posterior angles ; sixth nearly twice as long as fifth ; telson about
as long as sixth segment, with 5 or 6 pairs of lateral spinules ; extremity
with a pair of long median spines, a longer pair of submedian spines, and
a pair of short outer spines.

Male. — The males exhibit the usual differences from the females in
being more slender, in the longer antennular flagella, and in the abdominal
appendages.

Dimensions. — Female, length 62.6 mm., length of carapace and
rostrum 24 mm., of rostrum 1 1 mm.

Distribution. — From the north coast of Unalaska eastward and south-
ward to Point Sur, California, 178 to 636 fathoms. Taken by the
Albatross at the following stations:

North of Unalaska, 399 and 350 fathoms, stations 3329, 3331.

Off Davidson Bank, 280 fathoms, station 3337.

South of Sannak Islands, 483 fathoms, station 3210.

Clarence Strait, 322 fathoms, station 3077.

Off Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, 204 fathoms, station

2861.

Off Tahwhit Head, Washington, 178 fathoms, station 3076 (type locality).
Off Destruction Island, Washington, 516 fathoms, station 3343.
Off Sea Lion Rock, Washington, 636 and 477 fathoms, stations 3070,

3°73-

Off Cascade Head, Oregon, 345 fathoms, station 3347.
Off Heceta Bank, Oregon, 277 fathoms, station 2890.
Off Point Arena, California, 455 and 239 fathoms, stations 3348, 3349.
South of Farallone Islands, California, 391 and 217 fathoms, stations

3104, 3I05-

Off Pigeon Point, 296 fathoms, station 3112.
Off Monterey Bay, 418-581 fathoms, stations 3126, 3127, 3670.
Monterey Bay, 278 fathoms, station 3669.
Off Point Sur, 298 fathoms, station 3187.

Affinities. — Resembles the preceding species, S. macilenta, but differs
notably in the much larger and more reniform eyes, the longer rostrum,
of which the upper limb is narrowed at its base and the lower limb is
less deep, in the larger dorsal spines and the shorter scale. From S.
bispinosa at once distinguished by the absence of a supraorbital spine,
of the long, slender process of the rostrum and of the spine at the middle
of the carapace. The sixth segment of the abdomen is longer and more
slender than in S. bispinosa.

108 RATHBUN

Family ALPHEID&.
Genus Alpheus Fabricius.

ALPHEUS DENTIPES Guerin.

Alphens dentipes GU£RIN, Exp. Scient. Moree, part. Zool., 39, pi. xxvn,

fig. 3, 1832.
Alpheus c/amafor HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vii, 182, 1900,

and synonymy.

Distribution,— Farallone Islands, California, to San Bartolome Bay,
Lower California. Mediterranean; Cape Verde Islands; Bermudas;
Porto Rico ; Cuba ; Key West.

ALPHEUS BELLIMANUS Lockington.

Distribution.— from Monterey to San Diego, California. Chile (Cou-
tiere).

ALPHEUS BARBARA Lockington.

Habitat.— Santa Barbara, California.

According to Coutiere, probably the same as A. macrocheles (Hail-
stone).

ALPHEUS CALIFORNIENSIS Holmes.

Habitat. — San Pedro, California.

ALPHEUS EQUIDACTYLUS Lockington.
Distribution.— Monterey to Santa Barbara, California.
According to Coutiere, this is Alpheopsis trispinosus (Stimpson).

Genus Betaeus Dana.

BETJEUS HARFORDI Kingsley.
Distribution.— Point Arena to Catalina Island, California.

LONGIDACTYLUS Lockington.
Distribution. — San Pedro to San Diego, California.

BETAEUS HARRIMANI sp. nov.

Female, with eggs. — Carapace compressed, upper line nearly hori-
zontal ; frontal margin nearly straight, with a broad, shallow, almost im-
perceptible median sinus, and a deeper sinus just outside the eye. Basal
scale of the antennules broad at base (the breadth of each equaling the
interspace), narrowing distally, and somewhat scythe-shaped, curving
slightly inward toward the extremity, which reaches the distal third of

DECAPODS

109

the second joint ; second joint about one and a half times as long as the
third ; inner flagellum about one fourth longer than the carapace ; outer
flagellum about two thirds the length of the inner
and becoming much smaller at the middle, the distal
half very slender.

Antennae with a strong spine below the base of
the acicle; peduncle slightly exceeding that of the
antenna; scale with a broad terminal spine, which
reaches the end of the antennular peduncle, and ex-
ceeds the blade, from which it is separated by a short
narrow slit ; flagellum nearly twice the length of the

_,.,.., . . ... , . , FIG. 49. Betceus har-

carapace. Maxilhpeds reaching a little past the mid- Hmani. a. Dorsal view

of anterior portion (x 4>-

die of the terminal segment of the antennal peduncle, t. Carpus and chela of sec-

„, ,. , ...... , . ond pair (X 5§)- c. Left

Chehpeds subequal, similar, of very moderate size ; chela of first pair(x 2§).
merus with rounded angles, the distal end widened, length about two and
a half times breadth, outer surface with a broad oblique sulcus, a trans-
verse groove at the supero-distal angle, behind which the upper margin
ends abruptly, but does not terminate in a spine; surface granulate,
lower surface granulo-spinulous. Carpus small, rounded. Hand narrow-
oblong, somewhat compressed, finely scabrous, margins rounded, the
length not more than one half greater than that of the preceding joints
combined. Fingers fitting close together, the pollex narrowly conical
and twice as wide at base as the dactylus, which is subcylindrical ; the
tips are sharp and cross each other ; the prehensile edges are subentire,
very finely denticulate, that of the pollex convex except at the tip.

The first joint of the carpus of the second pair of feet is about as long
as the three following combined ; the third and fourth are equal, the
second a little longer than either; the fifth twice as long as the fourth,
and slightly shorter than the palm, which is subequal to the fingers.

The propodi of the remaining feet have a row of six or seven spines
beneath ; the dactyli are over a third the length of the propodi and very
acuminate.

The postero-lateral angles of the fourth and fifth abdominal segments
are rounded, of the sixth blunt. The distal end of the peduncle of the
uropods bears a pair of spines; a spine near the outer angle of the
uropods.

Color. — Light green.

Dimensions.— Female, length of body to tip of telson 26.6 mm.;
length of carapace 10 mm. ; length of cheliped 17.5 mm. ; length of palm
6 mm. ; of dactyl 4.6 mm.

Type locality.— Sitka (W. R. Coe, Harriman Expedition); one female

1 10 RATHBUN

with ova (U. S. National Museum, No. 25,692). This species represents
a more northern latitude than any Alpheid hitherto described.

Affinities. — The species differs from B. longidactylus Lockington in
its small hands, non-gaping fingers devoid of teeth, in the relative lengths
of the carpal segments of the second pair of legs, in the shorter antennular
spine, in the unequal peduncular joints of the antennulae, as well as in
some minor respects. 1

Family LYSMATID&.
Genus Processa Leach.
PROCESSA CANALICULATA Leach.

Processa canaliculata LEACH, Mai. Podoph. Brit., pi. XLI, and correspond-
ing text, July i, 1815. — RATHBUN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900,
Vol. II, p. 104, 1901, and synonymy.

Two specimens of unusual interest were taken at San Diego, Califor-
nia, by D. S. Jordan, in 1880. They are about 22 mm. long, and differ
from typical specimens in having the left foot of the first pair similar to
the right, or chelate. One specimen is a female, and has both chelipeds
present. The other is so mutilated that the sex is indeterminable ; it has
a left cheliped, the right is missing. This form might perhaps be deemed
a distinct species or genus were it not that among a lot of specimens
from Cedar Keys, Florida, both forms occur. From this locality they
are small (12 to 15 mm. long), and five specimens are bichelate, while
four have only a right cheliped, the left foot being simple, as in typical P.
canaliculata. These two forms from the same locality present no other
appreciable difference.

Aside from this remarkable dimorphism in the left first foot, the species
is a most variable one. The rostrum may be half as long or nearly as
long as the eye. The eyes, while always of good size, are not uniform, in
some cases larger and more reniform, with the cornea extending on the
outer side almost back to the carapace. The second joint of the anten-
nulae varies from one and a fourth to twice the length of the third joint.
The antennal scale may be a little more than half as long as the carapace
(rostrum excluded) or even two thirds as long as carapace ; it may be just
as long as the antennular peduncle, or distinctly longer. Of the speci-
mens examined, those from the west coast of Mexico and Panama Bay
have the largest eyes ; they agree fairly well with the description and
figure of Bate's P. processa from Amboina, 1 5 fathoms.

1 The type of B. harrimani has been compared with Dr. Holmes's description of B.
longidactyhis (Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 190, 1900), specimens of that
species not being at hand.

DECAPODS 1 1 1

To the localities recorded by me in 1901 (loc. «V.) may be added the
following :
Cedar Keys, Florida, in seaweed, between tides, two forms as described

above (H. Hemphill).
Trinidad (Albatross].

San Diego, California ; feet of first pair chelate (D. S. Jordan).
Off Abreojos Point, Lower California, 48 fathoms (Albatross station

2834).

Gulf of California, 29-71 fathoms (Albatross stations 2998, 3011, 3014).
Panama Bay, 51^ fathoms (Albatross station 2805).

JRange. — Europe; Madeira; Bermudas; from North Carolina to
Trinidad, including Gulf of Mexico and West Indies ; from San Diego,
California, to Panama Bay; Japan; Amboina. Shallow water to in
fathoms.

Family CRANGONID&.
Genus Crangon Fabricius.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CRANGON.

A. Gastric region not depressed below the general level of the carapace.
B. Carapace with i or more median spines.
C. Carapace with i median spine.

D. Sixth segment of abdomen with 2 prominent longitudinal

carinas dalli.

D'. Sixth segment of abdomen not carinated.
E. Sixth segment of abdomen sulcate beneath.

F. Manus of first pair of feet very slender, four or more
times as long as broad. Fifth abdominal segment
with a posterior spine at the supero-lateral angles.
G. Hand of male four and a half times as long as wide

franciscorum.
G'. Hand of male five and a half times as long as wide

franciscorum angustimana.
F'. Manus of first pair of feet not slender, less than three

and a half times as long as wide.
G. Fifth segment of abdomen not carinate.

H. Blade of antennal scale having its anterior margin
more advanced at its inner than its outer angle.
Sixth segment of abdomen with a large circular
spot on either side of its posterior end

nigromaculata.

H'. Blade of antennal scale having its anterior margin
retreating toward the inner angle. Sixth seg-
ment of abdomen without a large circular spot

septemspinosa.
G'. Fifth segment of abdomen furnished with a superior

median carina.
H. Antero-internal angle of scale advanced, reaching

112 RATHBUN

nearly as far as, or farther than, the spine.
Hands a little over twice as long as wide

nigricauda.

H'. Antero-internal angle of scale is not produced, and
the spine reaches much beyond the blade.
Hands two and a half to three times as long as
wide.

J. Scale shorter than the carapace, exclusive of ros-
trum alaskensis.

]'. Scale as long as the carapace, exclusive of

rostrum alaskensis elongata.

E'. Sixth segment of abdomen convex, not sulcate, beneath.
F. Hands very stout, only two and a fourth times as long
as wide ; antepenult segment of outer maxillipeds

greatly dilated alba.

F'. Hands elongate, about three and a half times as long as
wide ; antepenult segment of outer maxillipeds not

dilated holmesi.

C'. Carapace with 2 median spines.

D. Both median spines in front of the middle of the carapace.
E. Rostrum slightly ascending, rounded at the tip. Surface

pubescent commnnis.

E'. Rostrum ascending at an angle of 45 degrees, tip pointed.
Surface naked.

F. Eyes of moderate size resima.

F'. Eyes very large abyssomm.

D'. Posterior of the median spines situated at about the middle

of the carapace intermedia.

B'. Carapace without a median gastric spine .... stylirostris.
A'. Gastric region depressed below the general level of the carapace.
B. Second lateral carina of the carapace (counting from the middle)

unarmed.
C. Rostrum not spiniform, extremity obtuse.

D. First to fourth abdominal segments, inclusive, smooth.

E. Anterior median spine not advanced so far as the line of

the orbits munita.

E'. Anterior median spine projecting in front of the line of the

orbits acclivis.

D'. First to fourth abdominal segments more or less carinated.
E. First to third segments of the pleon armed laterally with

2 spines each spinosissima.

E'. First to third segments of pleon unarmed . . variabilis,

C'. Rostrum spiniform, sharp spinirostris.

B'. Second lateral carina of the carapace armed with a spine a little
behind the superior lateral spine munitella.

CRANGON NIGRICAUDA Stimpson.

Crangon nigricauda STIMPSON, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., I, 97, 1856; Jour.
Boston Soc. Nat, Hist., VI, 496, pi. xxn, fig. 6, 1857.

DECAPODS 113

Crangon nigricaiida HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vii, 170, pi.
II, fig. 31, 1900, but not all refs. to synonymy.

Carapace only a little more than one third the length of the abdomen,
furnished with a single median gastric spine, and a hepatic spine, in a
transverse line. Rostrum rather short, grooved, rounded at the tip.
Suborbital and antennal spines present, the latter the larger.

The process on the outer side of the base of the antennules is broad,
irregularly ovate, and about reaches the tip of the first joint; flagella
longer than the peduncle, the inner one, and sometimes the outer one,
exceeding the scale. Antennae as long as, or longer than, the body,
acicle about two thirds the length of the carapace, the antero-internal
angle rounded and produced, reaching nearly as far forward as the spine
at the outer angle (sometimes farther than the spine). The outer maxil-
lipeds reach about as far forward as the antennal scale.

The first pair of feet may extend as far forward as the maxillipeds, or
be a little shorter; merus with a spine near the middle of ^
the lower side ; hand oblong, a little more than twice as
long as wide, with the edges subparallel ; the margin
against which the finger closes is regularly convex and more

nearly transverse than longitudinal ; spinous pollex directed Bay,2Caiif.
obliquely forward. A spine on the sternum between the bases of the
third pair of feet.

Antepenultimate segment of abdomen distinctly carinated in the mid-
dle ; the sixth segment has a tendency to become carinated, and has a
shallow median groove. Telson grooved above, subacute at tip, and ex-
ceeding the sixth plus one half of the fifth. An acute tooth on the sixth
segment on either side of the base of the telson, and a spine at the
postero-inferior angles, between which there is a median ventral spine
curved backward ; the posterior three fourths or more of the ventral sur-
face of this segment is marked by a groove.

Color in life, dark gray with a blackish tail (Holmes).

Dimensions. — Length of female (Catalogue NO. 3052) from tip of
rostrum to tip of telson 68 mm., length of carapace 17 mm., of antennal
scale 10.5 mm.

Distribution. — According to Holmes (who includes here C. alaskensis\
this species ranges from Alaska to Lower California. I have seen speci-
mens ranging only from Comox, British Columbia, southward, as fol-
lows:

Comox, British Columbia (Albatross}.

Neah Bay, Washington, in drag seine (Albatross).

Puget Sound (T. Kincaid).

114 RATHBUN

Bodega Bay, California (University of California).

San Francisco Bay, California (W. H. Dall ; Livingston Stone).

San Francisco Bay, off San Mateo, 3 fathoms, dredged (Albatross}.

San Francisco Bay, on South Belmont oyster beds, seine (Albatross}.

San Francisco Bay, in San Pablo Bay, in Chinese shrimp nets (Albatross}.

San Francisco Bay, off San Bruno Point, in Chinese shrimp nets (Al-
batross}.

San Francisco market (R. E. C. Stearns).

Monterey (D. S. Jordan).

Catalina Island (Albatross}.

San Diego (H. Hemphill ; D. S. Jordan ; Albatross}.

San Diego Bay, 5^-12 fathoms (Albatross stations 3574, 3581, 3582,
3621).

Station 3674 of Albatross (locality not given), 31 fathoms.

San Geronimo Island, Lower California, 7 fathoms (A. W. Anthony).

Mogi, Japan (Dr. F. C. Dale, U. S. S. Palos, June 18, 1881) ; one speci-
men without chelipeds, which otherwise corresponds closely with the
American form ; probably, however, distinct from C. affinis De Haan
and C. propinquus Stimpson.

Monterey (Owen, as C. vulgaris}.

CRANGON NIGROMACULATA Lockington.

— —•—% Distribution. — From northern California to Lower

} California, 3—33 fathoms.

Specimens in the National Museum range from Gulf of
nigromacuiata. Chela the Farallones to San Diego, California; also found at

of 9 (X2§). Station .

3132- Turtle Bay, Lower California.

CRANGON ALASKENSIS Lockington.

Crangon alaskensis LOCKINGTON, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 34 [7], 1876
(1877). Mutiny Bay, Alaska.

Differs from C. nigricaiida as follows : The antennal scale is a little
longer and much narrower distally ; the end of the blade is rounded and
not produced at the antero-internal angle ; the spine is
much longer, extending considerably beyond the blade. .C yY/*

<- \ The first pair of feet are shorter, reaching J^ ^x

\Vv ' only to the middle of the terminal segment / A \

of the maxillipeds; the hands are more """

FIG. 52. Cran- . . , ,

gon alaskensis. slender and elongate, being from two and a

Chelaof ?(X3$)-, ,, , , ., , . FIG. 53. Crangon

station 3652. half to three times as long as wide; their alaskensis. 9. station

,. , . . ... - . , , , 3243- a. Dorsal view

distal margin is more oblique, forming an angle of about of rostral region (x

° . H . 6 . * a». 6. Acicle (X 2).

forty-five degrees with the lengthwise margins.

Dimensions. — Length of large egg-bearing female from Kulukak Bay,

DECAPODS 115

Alaska (station 3243), 77.2 mm.; length of carapace 20.1 mm.; length
of antennal scale 14 mm.

Distribution. — East part of Bering Sea and along the Aleutian Islands,
in 3^-41 fathoms, at 38 stations of the Albatross.

Also taken at the following localities :
Off Kurile Islands, 14 fathoms (Albatross station 3652).
Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia, 67 fathoms (Albatross station 2863).
Sucia Island, British Columbia (Albatross}.

Bellingham Bay, Washington, n fathoms (Albatross station 3612).
Strait of Fuca, 81 fathoms (Albatross station 3596).
Port Townsend, Washington, rostrum narrower than typical (Albatross}.
Puget Sound (T. Kincaid).
From Sitka northward to Port Clarence and westward along the Aleutian

Islands to Attu, 5-20 fathoms, at sixteen localities (W. H. Dall).

CRANGON ALASKENSIS ELONGATA Rathbun.

Crangon alaskensis elongata RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 888,
1902.

The typical C. alaskensis described above passes by insensible grada-
tions into a form occurring off the coast of California and Oregon, which
differs from it as follows: The rostrum is longer and
narrower. The outer flagellum of the antennules falls
considerably short of the antennal scale. The scale is
much longer than in the typical form, being equal to the
length of the carapace exclusive of the rostrum. The
fourth segment of the abdomen shows signs of carination.

mi • n i • FIG. 54- Crangon

The telson is flattened above, but scarcely grooved; its aiaskensheiongata. ?.

Stations 2970, 2971. a.

tip IS more aCUte. Anterior part of cara-

7V T .1. c r i c pace (X 2^). b. Acicle

Dimensions. — Length of ovigerous female from tip of (x 2).
rostrum to tip of telson 55.7 mm. ; length of carapace 13.5 mm. ; length
of antennal scale 11.6 mm.

Type locality. — Off Santa Barbara, California, 29 fathoms, stations 2970,
2971 (Albatross].

Distribution. — This species occurs in abundance off the west coast of
the United States. It has been taken by the Albatross at thirty stations
in 9-278 fathoms, off California, Oregon, Washington, and British Colum-
bia, and in Strait of Fuca and Puget Sound. The southern limit is off
Wilmington, California. It has also been collected in Monterey Harbor
by Dr. W. H. Dall, and at Pacific Grove by Mr. J. O. Snyder.

Variations. — The more northern of these specimens (those off the coast
of Washington more especially) have the scale not quite so long as the
types, but still equal to about four fifths the length of the carapace ; the

Il6 RATHBUN

rostrum, too, is often intermediate between typical alaskensis and typical
alaskensis elongata.

CRANGON SEPTEMSPINOSA Say.

Crangon septemspinosiis SAY, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 246, 1818.
Crangon crangon and Crangon -uulgaris of authors (part).

Associated sometimes with C. alaskensis, which it closely resembles ;
it can be recognized at once by the rounded (non-carinated) abdominal
segments. In Alaskan specimens the antennal scale is a little more than
two thirds the length of the carapace ; it is equal to or
exceeds the distance from the gastric spine to the pos-
terior margin ; the extremity of the blade is obliquely
FIG. 55. Crangon subtruncate, slightly rounded, the antero-internal angle

septemspinosa. Acicle ° J

(x 2). station 323°- retreating ; the spine surpasses the blade to a distance
exceeding the anterior width of the blade. The hands are variable in
length, being from three to three and one half times as long as wide ;
the obliquity of the terminal margin is as in C. alaskensis. All the ab-
dominal segments are free from carinae ; the sixth and seventh have a
slight median sulcus.

There is considerable variability in Atlantic specimens of this species,
in the length both of the scale and of the hands ; I cannot see that our
Alaskan specimens differ essentially from those of Chesapeake Bay.

Dimensions. — Female, station 3230, length from tip of rostrum to tip
of telson 60.4 mm., length of carapace 15.6 mm., length of antennal
scale ii mm.

Color. — It is probable that in life the species could readily be detected
by the color markings. In alcohol the speckles of the dorsal surface
are more uniform and closer than in C. alaskensis, and the telson and
uropods are darker than in C. alaskensis from the same dredge haul.

Distribution.— This species is less abundant along the Alaskan coast
than C. alaskensis; it extends from the Arctic coast of Alaska at
Eschscholtz Bay southward along the eastern shore of Bering Sea to the
Shumagins ; the separate localities are as follows :
Chamisso Harbor, Eschscholtz Bay, 5-8 fathoms (W. H. Dall).
Port Clarence, in the seine, with C. alaskensis (W. H. Dall).
St. Michael, Norton Sound (L. M. Turner ; E. W. Nelson).
Head of Norton Sound, 5 fathoms (Point Barrow Expedition).
Off mouth of Yukon, 3^ fathoms (E. W. Nelson).

Cape Etolin, Nunivak Island, anchorage, 8 fathoms, stony (W. H. Dall).
Hagemeister Strait, 8-15 fathoms, gravel (W. H. Dall).
Bristol Bay (C. L. McKay).
Bristol Bay, 3^ fathoms, with <7. alaskensis {Albatross station 3230).

DECAPODS 117

Bailey Harbor, Alaska Peninsula (Albatross],

Coal Harbor, Unga Island, Shumagins, 3 fathoms (W. H. Ball).

Also occurs along the eastern coast of North America, from East
Florida (Say) northward.

It becomes necessary to separate the common Crangon of the Atlantic
and Alaskan coasts of North America from the form found in Europe.
These two species have usually been combined under the name Crangon
crangon (Linnaeus) or C, vulgaris Fabricius.

In Crangon crangon (of Europe) the antennal scale is wider at its
distal end, and that margin, although convex, trends forward toward the
inner angle. The spine is shorter than the distal width of the blade.

In Crangon septemspinosa Say (of America) the scale is narrower at its
distal end, and that margin, although convex, does not trend forward
toward the inner angle, but rather slopes backward. The spine is as
long as, or longer than, the distal width of the blade.

CRANGON ALBA Holmes.

Crangon alba HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vn, 174, 1900.
Monterey, dredged.

A short stout species. Carapace about two fifths as long as abdomen.
Rostrum broader than in C. nigricauda. The first segment of the anten-
nule exceeds the process on the outer side of its base ;
inner flagellum exceeding the antennal scale ; outer
flagellum shorter than the scale. Blade of scale with
very oblique inner margin, the tip scarcely wider than
the adjacent portion of the spine; spine extending
considerably beyond the blade. Scale
about three fourths the length of carapace. ,fIG- s& Crangon

alba. ? . ban Diego.

Maxillipeds reaching the end of the «• Dorsal view of orbital

FIG. 57. Crangon , reg'on (X 4>- b. Acicle

alba, chela of 9 blade, the antepenult segment much ex- (X2>-

3 panded. The first pair of feet reach to the middle of
the last joint of the maxillipeds ; the hand is very stout, wider than in
C. nigricauda, the length being two and one fourth times the width
measured from the inner base of the immovable spine; the anterior
margin is more longitudinal than transverse.

The segments of the abdomen are smoothly rounded; the sixth is
rounded beneath, not grooved ; the seventh is not sulcate above.

Dimensions. — An ovigerous female (station 3679) measures 48 mm.
long, carapace 12.5 mm., scale 9.7 mm.

Distribution,— From Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to San Diego,
California, to a depth of 47 fathoms, at the following localities:

118 RATHBUN

Off Cape Beale, Vancouver Island, 34 fathoms, stations 2879, 2880.

Off Cape Flattery, Washington, 40 fathoms, station 2873.

Gulf of the Farallones, 29 fathoms, station 3100; 47 fathoms, station

3*57-

Off Lobos Rocks, California, 41 fathoms, station 3185.
South of San Diego Bay, 22 fathoms, station 3679.
Off Cortez Bank, California, 47 fathoms, station 2922.
San Diego, depth not given (Albatross}.
Pacific Grove, California (J. O. Snyder).

CRANGON HOLMESI Rathbun.
Crangon holmesi RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 888, 1902.

A small species allied to C. alba Holmes in not having a groove on the
under side of the sixth abdominal segment.

Carapace a third as long as the abdomen ; rostrum narrow-triangular,
short, with a rounded tip. Antennulae as in C. alba. Antennae nearly as

long as the body ; scale either as long or nearly as
long as the carapace exclusive of the rostrum;
blade very narrow at the extremity; spine much
exceeding it. Maxillipeds exceeding the scale a
little ; antepenult segment not dilated. The first
,, Q ., , 7 - pair of feet reach to the middle of the terminal

FIG. 58. Crangon holmesi. *

9. Station 2939. a. Dorsal jojnt of t}ie maxillipeds ; the hand is elongate, about

viewer rostral region (X 8). J

£. Acicie (x 4)- c. chela (x 8). three times as long as wide; the anterior margin,
against which the dactylus folds, is more longitudinal than transverse.
The third pair of legs is a very little longer than the second ; they are
equally slender. The segments of the abdomen are smoothly rounded
above ; the sixth without a ventral sulcus ; the seventh is a little longer
than the sixth, or about as long as the antennal scale, and is exceeded by
the uropods.

Dimensions. — Ovigerous female, length 23 mm., length of carapace
5.3 mm., of antennal scale 4.2 mm.

Distribution. — Off Wilmington, California, 27 fathoms (Albatross sta-
tion 2939), type locality, 4 females.

Catalina Harbor, California, 30-40 fathoms, sandy mud; i female
(W. H. Ball).

Northwest of Cerros Island, Lower California, 58 fathoms (Albatross
station 2983), 4 females.

CRANGON STYLIROSTRIS Holmes.

Crangon stylirostris HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 174, pi.
II, figs. 33-35, 1900.

DECAPODS H9

Rostrum long, narrow, grooved above, tapering to a narrow-acute tip
which is curved strongly downward and much compressed laterally. There
is no median gastric spine ; but with a lens one can discern a scabrous
granule in the spot where the spine usually occurs. The antennular pe-
duncle has shorter segments than in C. alba, to which
this species is nearly related ; outer branch of flagellum
as long as, or longer than, the blade of the antennal
scale. Antennae shorter than the body. Scale shaped FIG'. 59. Crangon sty.

_,,, .. . . 11-1 Hrostris. Chela (X 4)-

as in C. alba, but much shorter, being only a little over chirikof island,
half as long as the carapace. Maxillipeds with the antepenult segment
outwardly dilated as in C. alba. The hands are slightly widened distally,
shorter and broader than in C. alba, the length being barely twice the
width ; the anterior margin is more transverse than longitudinal. Second
pair of feet more slender and a little longer than the third.

Abdominal segments smoothly rounded above, not carinated ; sixth
segment not sulcated below ; seventh segment a very little longer than
the sixth. The uropods extend considerably beyond the telson. Each
segment in the male bears a median spine on the ventral side.

Dimensions,— Length of female 54 mm., of carapace 15.1 mm., of
acicle 9.1 mm.

Distribution. — Santa Cruz, California, in seine, April 12, 1897 (Alba-
tross] ; Trinidad, Humboldt Co., California (Holmes) ; Chirikof Island,
Alaska, anchorage, 9-14 fathoms, sand (W. H. Dall).

CRANGON DALLI Rathbun.

Crangon dalli RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 889, 1902.

Rostrum rather long and narrow, sides parallel for a portion of their

length, edges upturned. Second antennular segment about one and a
half times as long as the third ; inner flagellum exceed-
ing the acicle; outer flagellum considerably shorter.
Acicle about seven tenths as long as the carapace ; blade
obliquely subtruncate, inner angle rounded, receding ; spine
extending beyond the blade to no greater extent than the
anterior width of the blade. The first pair of feet reach
only to the middle of the terminal joint of the maxillipeds ;
the hands widen considerably from the proximal to the
distal end ; the distal margin is transversely oblique ; the
width of the palm is contained in its greatest length about

FIG. 60. Crangon

dain. 9 . station two and two thirds times.

3287. a. Dorsal view

of rostral region (x The first to fifth segments of the abdomen are smooth;
c. Chela (x 4)- the sixth has two blunt but prominent longitudinal carinae,

120 RATHBUN

with a deep intervening sulcus; the seventh segment has a shallow
median sulcus.

Dimensions. — Length of ovigerous female from tip of rostrum to tip
of telson 61.5 mm., length of carapace 16.2 mm., of antennal scale
11.5 mm.

Type locality.— Bering Sea, off Cape Seniavin, Alaska, 30 fathoms
(Albatross station 3287).

Distribution. — Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands to Sitka; Kamchatka,
Okhotsk Sea, and Kurile Islands; in 4^-61 fathoms. Taken by the
Albatross at 70 stations, by W. H. Dall at 15 stations; by Lieutenant
G. M. Stoney, U. S. N., at 7 stations, by C. L. McKay at Bristol Bay.
Occurs in large numbers in Bering Sea.

Bellingham Bay, Washington, n fathoms, 200 specimens (Albatross

station 3612).
Bering Island, stomach of Gadus macrocephalus, i specimen (N. Greb-

nitzky).

Rakovaya Bay, Avacha Bay, Kamchatka, i specimen (Albatross].
Off Robben Island, Okhotsk Sea, 18 fathoms, i specimen (Albatross

station 3646).
Off Kurile Islands, 14 fathoms, i specimen (Albatross station 3652).

Affinities. — This species is analogous to C. allmani Kinahan of the
North Atlantic, but in that species the rostrum is shorter and narrower,
the antennal scale is shorter and the end of its blade more oblique, the
hand is longer and its anterior margin is more longitudinal than trans-
verse.

In the form of the carapace C. dalli resembles C. alaskensis and C.
septemspinosa, with which it occurs, but is readily separated from them
by the prominent carinae of the sixth abdominal segment and the
shape of the hands, which in those species are oblong, but in C.
dalli widen distally.

CRANGON FRANCISCORUM Stimpson.

Crangon franciscorum STIMPSON, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 97, 1856; Jour.
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vi, 495, pi. xxn, fig. 5, 1857.— HOLMES, Co-
cas. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., VII, 172, 1900, and synonymy.

Carapace about three eighths as long as abdomen. Rostrum short,
triangular, tip broadly rounded. Antennal flagella very unequal, the
inner one longer than the antennal scale and greatly exceeding it, the
outer one less than half as long as the scale. Scale about three fourths
as long as the carapace, the blade broad and slightly rounded at the
extremity, spine exceeding it, flagellum nearly as long as, or longer than,
the body. Maxillipeds not attaining the end of the scale ; first pair of

DECAPODS 121

feet reaching the end of the maxillipeds ; hand
very long and narrow, the length from four to
four and a half times the width, longer in male
than in female, inflated near the base, outer margin (
concave for the most part, inner convex, dactylus
when flexed almost longitudinal.

.. ,. jj/-ri FlG- 6l- Crangon francis-

Abdommal segments smoothly rounded ; fifth corum <x zj). a. chela of «.

. , , , . San Francisco market, b. Chela

with a spine on either side of the posterior ex- of 9 . station 2528.
tremity at the supero-lateral angles. Sixth segment as in C. nigricauda;
telson sharp.

Dimensions, — Length of male 77 mm., length of carapace 20.5 mm.,
of antennal scale 1 5 mm.

Distribution. — I have examined specimens from

Thorn Arm, southeastern Alaska, in drag seine (Albatross],

Promise Island, southeastern Alaska {Albatross}.

Loring, Revillagigedo Islands, southeastern Alaska (Albatross].

Strait of Fuca (D. S. Jordan).

Puget Sound (D. S. Jordan).

Mouth Tenmile Creek, 10 miles south of Florence, Oregon (S. E. Meek,
U. S. Fish Commission).

Off Tillamook Rock, Oregon, 29 fathoms (Albatross station 2883).

Off Yaquina Head, Oregon, 28 fathoms (Albatross station 3055).

San Francisco Bay (Albatross] : on South Belmont Oyster Beds, with
seine; off San Mateo, 3 fathoms, with boat dredge; in San Pablo
Bay, in Chinese shrimp nets; San Pablo Bay, 12 fathoms, station
3097 ; and off San Bruno Point, in Chinese shrimp nets.

San Francisco Bay (various collectors).

San Francisco market (R. E. C. Stearns).

Pacific Grove, California (Stanford University).

San Diego, California (H. Hemphill).

Previously known also from Shoalwater Bay, Washington, and To-

males Bay, California.

This form is represented in deeper waters by a form which I have called

CRANGON FRANCISCORUM ANGUSTIMANA Rathbun.

Crangon franciscorum angnstimana RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv,
889, 1902.

Its chief difference lies in the shape of the hands,
which are narrower than in C. franciscorum, the differ-
ence being less in the female ; in the

FIG. 62. Crangon fran- .

tiscorum angustimana. male the length is about five and a

Chela of « (xzj). Station , ... .

3612. half times the width, the dactylus is

more longitudinally placed, and the pollex is more trans- franciscorum

verse and nearer the proximal end of the hand. ' * ? (X

122 RATHBUN

Dimensions.— Length of female 70.6 mm., of carapace 18.9 mm., of
antennal scale 13 mm. Length of hand of male 9.5 mm., width j.8 mm.
Length of hand of male of C. franciscorum n mm., width 2.6 mm.

Type locality. — Off Chuck-a-nuts Island, Bellingham Bay, Washington,
ii fathoms (Albatross station 3612).

Distribution. — British Columbia to Oregon as follows:
Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia, 67 fathoms (Albatross station 2863).
Washington Sound, Strait of Fuca, 48 fathoms (Albatross station 2864).
Strait of Fuca, 53-67 fathoms (Albatross stations 3460, 3597).
Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, 40 fathoms (Albatross station 2865).
Seattle, Washington, taken at the surface by electric light (Albatross).
Off Columbia River, 27 fathoms (Albatross station 3065).
Astoria, Oregon (Aug. C. Kinney).
Off Tillamook Rock, Oregon, 23-28 fathoms (Albatross stations 3060,

3061).

It will be noticed that the two forms meet off the coast of Oregon,
where the differences are less sharply drawn.

CRANGON INTERMEDIA Stimpson.

Crangon intermedia STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xii, 25 [94 of
separate], 1860. In Bering Sea near Cape Chepoonski, 40 fathoms.

Crangon tenuifrons KINGSLEY, Bull. Essex Inst., XIV, 128, pi. I, fig. 10,
1882. Marmot Island, Kadiak.

Carapace about two fifths as long as the abdomen ; furnished with a me-
dian carina having 2 spines, a stout one about half way between the orbit
and the posterior margin, and a smaller one a little behind the rostrum.
Rostrum convex in profile, having a longitudinal sulcus and a rounded tip.

On the anterior margin there is a blunt spine at the outer angle of the
orbit and a sharp spine at the antero-lateral angle. On a line with the
orbital spine there is a smooth carina; below the carina a sharp spine
well forward and terminating a short carina ; higher up a flattened blunt
spine or tubercle, situated about half way between the two median spines.

The antennal scale is short and broad, about half as long as the cara-
pace ; the spine scarcely exceeds the blade. The outer maxillipeds ex-
ceed the antennal scale by half the length, or more, of their terminal
segment. The first pair of feet overreach the scale slightly; the merus
has a short spine at the middle of its inner margin ; the manus is about
three times as long as wide ; the pollex arises at about the distal third ;
the dactylus when flexed is slightly more longitudinal than transverse.
The sternum has a lobate median crest, which in the male has a tendency
to become spiniform.

The first five segments of the abdomen are distinctly carinated ; the
sixth segment has two prominent carinse.

DECAPODS

123

Dimensions. — Length of female (Albatross station 3504) from tip of
rostrum to tip of telson 45 mm.; length of carapace 12 mm.; length of
antennal scale 6 mm.

Distribution. — Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, 21-91 fathoms, at
31 stations of the Albatross; also off Vancouver Island, at i station in
24 fathoms; off coast of Kamchatka, 39-100 fathoms, at stations 3643
and 3781 ; usually in small numbers. Also taken by Dr. W. H. Ball
at 6 stations between Adak and Kadiak, in 9-60 fathoms. Bering Island
(N. Grebnitzky).

CRANGON COMMUNIS Rathbun.

Crangon communis RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the
North Pacific Ocean, Pt. in, 556, 1899.

Carapace about a third as long as the abdomen; furnished with a
median carina on the anterior half, which is armed with two spines, both
in front of the middle ; the posterior of these spines is the larger. The
rostrum is slender, tapering, ascending, hav-
ing a median sulcus, tip rounded, not extend-
ing beyond the eyes. A lateral spine nearly
in line with the anterior of the median spines ;
two large spines on the anterior margin of the
carapace, one of which is at the outer angle
of the orbit, and the other at the antero-lateral

angle. FIG. 64. Crangan communts. 9 .

Station 3611. «. Dorsal view of ante-

The first segment of the antennular peduncle rior part of carapace <x 2). t. side

view (x 2). c. Acicle (X 2). d.

extends beyond the eyes to a distance exceed- chela <x zj).
ing the length of the last two segments; the second segment is about
twice as long as the third. The antennal scale is elongate, about two
thirds the length of the carapace ; the spine is slender and exceeds the
blade. The outer maxillipeds are very slender and extend slightly be-
yond the scale. The first pair of feet may not quite reach the scale or
may extend beyond it ; the merus has an outer distal spine ; the manus
is over three times as long as its average width ; the immovable digit is
long and slender, and the dactylus when flexed is obliquely transverse.
The sternum has a series of median tubercles.

The abdomen is smoothly sculptured ; there is a blunt median carina
on the third to fifth segments; the first and second segments have a
transverse sulcus ; the third and fourth segments have each two trans-
verse sulci, which are connected either side of the median carina ; the
sixth segment is furnished with two prominent longitudinal carinse, a
median sulcus, and a sulcus on the outer side of each carina ; the seventh

124 RATHBUN

segment has a deep median sulcus. The abdominal sulci are filled with
a thin short pubescence easily rubbed off. The sixth segment is about
one and a third times as long as the fifth.

Dimensions. — Female (station 3441), length from tip of rostrum to
tip of telson 64 mm., length of carapace 16 mm., length of antennal
scale 10.5 mm.

Harriman Expedition. — Juneau, 20 fathoms.

Distribution. — From Bering Sea to San Diego, California (including
Puget Sound and Strait of Fuca), 20-309 fathoms; taken at 142
stations by the Albatross, often in large numbers. Less abundant at
southern localities. Off southeastern coast of Kamchatka, 96-100
fathoms, at two Albatross stations.

Two specimens were received from the Hopkins Laboratory at Pacific
Grove ; they were probably taken in deep water.

One specimen was collected at Port Etches, Alaska, in 1 2-1 8 fathoms,
by W. H. Dall.

Variations.— -The rostrum in normal individuals does not extend be-
yond the eyes ; in many cases, however, it is evident that the rostrum
has been broken off or injured and later renewed, the new rostrum having
a narrow, elongated, and ascending tip exceeding the eyes, but of variable
length. In other respects these abnormal forms do not differ from the
types.

CRANGON RESIMA Rathbun.

Crangon resima RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 889, 1902.

Near C. communis. Carapace and rostrum a little more than one
third the length of the abdomen ; a median carina on the middle third

of the carapace, armed with two spines, not
) — ^ far apart, the posterior larger and more ele-
vated and in front of the middle. A sharp

hepatic spine is in a transverse line with the
anterior median spine and terminates a short
but prominent carina. Rostrum long, narrow,
pointed, advanced beyond the eyes, ascend-
ing at an angle of about forty-five degrees,
FIG. 65. Crangon resima. 5 . slightly curved, and prolonged downward in

Station 2935. a. Dorsal view of an- ° * r

tenor .part of carapace (x a). 6. a thjn compressed plate which appears spatu-

Side view of same (X 2j)- c. Acicle r

(x 3s)- d. Chela (x 4). late in a side view. The development of this

plate is dependent on age ; specimens 20 mm. long show no evidence of it.

The second segment of the antennular peduncle is three times as long

as the third ; the scale on the outer side at the base is very thin and

DECAPODS 125

rhomboidal, tipped with a short spine ; the flagella are not very unequal
in length, and exceed the antennal scale, but not the hair which fringes
it. The antennal flagellum is longer than the body ; the scale is four
fifths of the carapace exclusive of the rostrum ; its extremity is rather
broad and slightly rounded, and is surpassed by the outer spine.

The maxillipeds are slender and reach beyond the scale ; the first
pair of feet extend to the middle of the last joint of the maxillipeds ;
they are similar to those of C. communis; the hands are shorter, three
times as long as broad ; their anterior margin, and also the dactylus when
flexed, are more longitudinal than in C. communis.

The second and third pairs of feet are equally slender; the second
pair is shorter than the first ; the third pair is considerably longer than
the first.

The first and second segments of the abdomen have a thickened band
along the posterior margin, in front of which there is a slight transverse
depression ; the fifth segment has an obscure median carina with a short
depression on either side at the anterior end ; for the rest, the first five
segments are smooth ; the sixth has two prominent carinae and a corre-
sponding median depression ; the telson is slender, and has a slight
median sulcus ; it exceeds the uropods.

Dimensions. — Length of ovigerous female (station 2935) from tip of
rostrum to tip of telson 48.3 mm., length of carapace 12.2 mm., length
of antennal scale 8.2 mm. Even females only 22.2 mm. long are laden
with eggs.

Type locality. — Off San Diego, California, 124 fathoms (Albatross sta-
tion 2935).

Distribution. — From Monterey Bay, California, to San Domingo
Point, Lower California, station 3043 ; 44-266 fathoms, at 17 stations of
the Albatross, usually in small quantities.

CRANGON ABYSSORUM Rathbun.
Crangon abyssonim RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 890, 1902.

Integument very thin, membranaceous.

Carapace and rostrum about two fifths the length of the abdomen.
Carapace with three carinae, extending nearly its whole length ; median
armed with 2 spines, one at the anterior third of the carapace (ros-
trum not included), the other minute, in front of the first. This small
spine is often broken off. Rostrum linear, flattened above, acute, as-
cending at an angle of about thirty degrees with the carapace, and
slightly curved, a little higher than wide, the lower part laterally com-
pressed, in length about one fourth the remainder of the carapace. The

126

RATHBUN

lateral carina extends backward from the orbital sinus. There is a strong

hepatic spine at the end of a short carina ; also a spine at the outer angle

of the orbit and an antennal spine.

Eyes very large, hemispherical, their inner faces flat and contiguous,

the carinae covering nearly all the outer face. Antennules rather slender ;

the scale at base is small, falcate, and
acuminate, the second segment about one
and a half times as long as the third ; the
flagella both exceed the antennal scale,
the inner is only a little longer than the
outer. The antennae have a slender spine
at the outer base of the scale, which is
narrow-oblong and about three fourths as
., long as the carapace (rostrum excluded) ;

FIG. 66. Crangon abyssorum. S (X 2).

Station 3603. a. Dorsal view of anterior the blade is rounded at the end, and

b. Side view of rostrum

part of carapace,

and dorsal spines,

c. Acide. d. Chela.

the spine projects beyond it ; the peduncle
reaches to the distal third of the scale, its last joint is very slender, the
flagellum is about as long as the body.

The maxillipeds are slender and exceed the scale by nearly half the
length of the terminal segment. The first pair of feet do not reach the
end of the scale. The merus has a small superior terminal spine. The
manus widens a little distally ; its length is three times its width measured
at the inner base of the spine ; the dactylus is more longitudinal than
transverse. The second and third pairs of feet are equally filiform and
delicate ; the second reaches to the middle or beyond the middle of the
palm of the first ; the third reaches beyond the antennal scale ; the fourth
pair also exceeds the scale ; the fifth pair is a little shorter. In the male
the sternum has a median carina with a small spine on each segment.

The fifth segment of the abdomen has a low blunt carina ; the sixth
has two prominent dorsal carinae and a low lateral carina on each side
near the dorsal, but extending only half the length of the segment ; the
telson has a median furrow on its anterior fourth ; it exceeds the uropods.

Dimensions. — Length of female 61 mm., of carapace and rostrum 17
mm., of carapace exclusive of rostrum 13.5 mm., of antennal scale 10.3
mm.

Type locality. — Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands, 1771 fath-
oms (Albatross station 3603).

Distribution.— A deep-water species extending from Bering Sea to the
southern extremity of California, in 685-1771 fathoms. Taken by the
Albatross at the following localities :
Bering Sea, south of Pribilof Islands, 1401 fathoms, station 3604.

DECAPODS 127

Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands, 1625 fathoms, station 3308.

Bering Sea, north of Rat Islands, 850 fathoms, station 3784.

Bering Sea, north of Unalaska, 987 fathoms, station 3607.

East of Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, 1569 fathoms, station 2859.

North of Islands of Four Mountains, Alaska, 1033 fathoms, station 3307.

Off Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, 876 and 1588 fathoms,

stations 2860, 3342.
Off Sea Lion Rock, Washington, 685 to 877 fathoms, stations 3069,

30?1. 3°74» 3°75-
Off Cape Elizabeth, Washington, 831 fathoms, station 3344.

Off Tillamook Bay, Oregon, 786 fathoms, station 3346.
Off Cortez Bank, California, 984 fathoms, station 2919.

This species in general appearance much resembles a Pontophilus.

CRANGON MUNITA Dana.

Crangon mitnitus DANA, Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., I, 536, 1852; pi.
xxxni, fig. 5, 1855.

Female. — Body short and thick. Carapace less than two fifths the
length of the abdomen ; the anterior and middle portion of the carapace
is depressed and pubescent ; this depressed area is defined by a curved
line extending backward from the antero-lateral angle nearly to the pos-
terior margin on the median line, and is crossed in part by nine carinae.
The median carina is the length of the depression and is armed with two
spines, one at two fifths
the distance from the
posterior margin, the
other at an equal dis-
tance from the first. First
lateral carina short, ter-
minating in a spine half
way between the two

0 , FIG. 67. Crangon tnunita. $ (X 2). Station 2881. a. Dorsal

median Spines. Second view of carapace and abdomen, b. Side view of carapace.

lateral carina as long as the dorsal depression, and unarmed except for the
spine at the anterior end, which marks the outer angle of the orbit. Third
lateral carina short, terminating in a spine half way between the superior
lateral spine and the anterior median spine. Fourth lateral carina form-
ing the boundary of the depression and terminating in a spine at the
antero-lateral angle of the carapace. Rostrum short, reaching to a
line between the tips of the orbital and the antero-lateral spines ; nearly
horizontal, medially sulcate, tip rounded.

The scale at the base of the antennules is broad, has a straight outer
margin, and is tipped with a small spine. The first and second segments
of the peduncle have a blunt spine at the outer distal angle, that on the

128 RATHBUN

second segment reaching the distal end of the third segment ; the flagella
are unequal, both exceed the antennal scale. The antennal peduncle
reaches nearly to the end of the scale ; the scale is short and broad, the
blade is rounded at the end, strongly advanced at the antero-internal
angle, and greatly exceeds the spine ; the flagellum is one and a half
times the length of the carapace.

The maxillipeds surpass the antennal scale by nearly the whole length
of the last segment. The first pair of feet are shorter than the maxillipeds
but longer than the scale. Hands oblong, narrowing a little distally, or
presenting a slight constriction at the base of the spine ; three times as
long as wide ; anterior margin slightly longitudinal ; spine short. The
second and third pairs of feet are equally long, and shorter than the first
pair ; the fourth is shorter than the third, the fifth still shorter.

The first to fourth segments of the abdomen are dorsally smooth ; the
fifth has a faint blunt median carina ; the sixth is about one and a third
times the length of the fifth and has four blunt carinae, two of which are
submedian ; the lateral carinse converge posteriorly ; the posterior superior
angles are armed with a strong spine, the inferior with a small spine ; the
telson has a deep median sulcus ; the ridges on either side of it are armed
with two pairs of spinules ; the tip is triangular, pointed.

The male differs from the female as follows : The spine at the antero-
lateral angle is longer and more slender, and is sometimes directed out-
ward. The median carina is strong even to the posterior margin of the
carapace, and its spines are higher. The maxillipeds are shorter, exceed-
ing the scale by only half the length of the terminal segment. The
carinse of the fifth and sixth abdominal segments are stronger. The
ventral surface of the thorax has a thin, strongly projecting carina, cut
into four large saw-teeth. Each segment of the abdomen, except the
last, has a median ventral spine.

Dimensions.— Male (station 2881), length of body 32.6 mm., of cara-
pace 9.1 mm., of antennal scale 4.2 mm. Female with eggs, length of
body 36.2 mm., of carapace 10 mm., of scale 4 mm.

Distribution:

Port Etches, Alaska, 12-18 fathoms (W. H. Dall).
Off Cape Beale, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 24-34 fathoms

(Albatross stations 2879-2881).

Puget Sound (Dana, Walker ; also collected by T. Kincaid)^
Off Point Conception, California, 31 fathoms (Albatross station 2908).
Off San Miguel Island, California, 53 fathoms (Albatross station 2894).
Dana describes the abdomen as smooth ; the carina of the fifth seg-
ment is very indistinct in the female, while Dana in his figure indicates
two carinae on the sixth segment.

DECAPODS

129

CRANGON ACCLIVIS Rathbun.
Crangon acclivis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 890, 1902.

Allied to C. munita. Lower lateral spine of carapace farther back ;
anterior median spine much larger and farther forward ; it projects well
in front of the posterior line of the orbits.
The rostrum is narrower, and ascending at
an angle of about forty-five degrees. The
anterior margin of the hand is more longi-
tudinal than in C. munita. The divisions of
the ventral carina of the thorax in the male
are much more spiniform in this species.

Dimensions. — Length of male 24.8 mm.,
length of carapace 7.4 mm., of antennal
scale 3 mm.

Type locality. — Off Santa Cruz Island, Cal-
ifornia, 266 fathoms
2948), i male.

FIG. 68. Crangon acclivis. a. Dorsal

(AlbatrOSS Station Yie™ °f carapace .$ (X 4), Station 12948.
V b. Side view(X 3j)- c. Acicle. 9 (X 8)-

d. Chela. ? (X 8).

Distribution. — Off the Trinity Islands, Alaska, 159 fathoms (Albatross
station 2853) ; Santa Catalina Island, California, 80 fathoms (Albatross
station 3664); southwest of San Nicholas Island, California, 158 fathoms
(Albatross station 2898). One specimen taken at each locality.

In the foregoing species the first four segments of the abdomen are
smooth. We now come to a group also resembling C. munita in general
appearance, but having the abdomen in front of the fifth segment more or

less carinated.

CRANGON VARIABILIS Rathbun.

Crangon -variabilis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 890, 1902.
The carapace is much like that of C. munita, but is nearly half as long

as the abdomen. The rostrum is short, convex from behind forward

and the tip rounded and
thickened. The anten-
nal scale has a concave
outer margin and the
spine equals or extends
beyond the blade. The
chelipeds are stouter ; the
hands vary from two and
a half to three times as

FIG. 69. Crangon variabilis. 5. Station 2842. a. Dorsal l°ng as wide. The SCC-
yiew of carapace and abdomen (X 2). b. Side view of carapace nrtlj fVnVrl fourth

(X 2). c. Acicle (X 4)- d. Chela (X4>-

j

ond>

ISO RATHBUN

fifth, and sometimes the first, segments of the abdomen are carinated,
and (except on the first two) the carina usually high, laterally com-
pressed, and blunt. The lateral spinules of the telson are considerably
behind the middle of the segment. The median spines or teeth of the
ventral side of the thorax in the male are laminar and dentiform; the
anterior one has an acuminate, the others an acute, tip.

Dimensions. — Female, length of body 32.2 mm., of carapace 9.2 mm.,
of hand 5.6 mm., width of hand 2 mm. Male, length of body 24.6 mm.,
of carapace 7 mm., of hand 4.1 mm., width of hand 1.5 mm.

Type locality. — Off North Head, Akutan Island, Alaska, 72 fathoms
(Albatross station 2842).

Distribution. — Bering Sea, Alaska Peninsula, and Aleutian Islands;
California; 50—695 fathoms. Taken by the Albatross at the following
stations :

Bering Sea, off the Pribilof Islands, 81-184 fathoms, stations 3486, 3488,

3489, 3500, 3602.

Off Rat Islands, 55 fathoms, station 3599.
North of Unalaska, 225 fathoms, station 3227.
Off Akutan Island, 91 fathoms, station 3548.
Northwest of Unimak Island, 121 fathoms, station 3224.
Unimak Pass, 50-56 fathoms, stations 3222, 3223.
Off Davidson Bank, 280 fathoms, station 3337.
South of Sannak Islands, 483 fathoms, station 3210.
Off Shumagin Bank, 625 and 138 fathoms, stations 3338, 3339.
Southeast of Chirikof Island, 695 fathoms, station 3340.
Off the Trinity Islands, 159 fathoms, station 2853.
Southwest of San Nicholas Island, California, 158 fathoms, station 2898.

Variations. — There is more variation in this species than is usual in
this genus, perhaps owing to the great bathymetrical range.

The rostrum is often much thickened and elevated, the median sulcus
being almost obliterated.

The hand is not of uniform proportion. It is a little longer in the male
than in the female, and varies in specimens of the same sex from differ-
ent localities. The median abdominal carina is in general less strong on
specimens from deeper water.

These differences are not constant enough to warrant the division of
this species.

CRANGON SPINOSISSIMA Rathbun.
Crangon spinosissima RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 891, 1902.

The relation of this species to C. variabilis is similar to that which C.
acclivis bears to C. munita. The lower lateral spine of the carapace is
more nearly in line with the superior lateral spine ; the anterior median

DECAPODS

spine is larger and farther forward, advancing to a line in front of the
rear line of the orbits ; the antero-lateral spine is longer and slenderer and
bent more outward ; the rostrum is narrower, longer, and acute, and as-
cends at an angle equal to that of the spine directly behind it ; the spine

FIG. 70. Crangon sfinosissztna. 9 (X 2)- Station 3351.
of carapace, b. Side view.

a. Dorsal view

of the antennal scale is much shorter than the blade ; the hand is longer
and narrower, and its anterior margin more longitudinal ; the spines of the
ventral surface of thorax and abdomen are long and slender. This species
furthermore differs from those hitherto described in having the segments
of the pleon armed laterally with spines, the first three segments with two
spines each, the next three with one spine each at the postero-lateral angle ;
the sixth segment also with a slender spine at the postero-superior angle.

Dimensions.— Female, length of body 36 mm., of carapace 10.5 mm.
Male, length of body 34.6 mm., of carapace 10 mm. Length of hand
loose in bottle 5 mm., width 1.4 mm.

Type locality, — Off Point Arena, California, 51 fathoms (Albatross sta-
tion 3351).

Distribution. — Off Oregon and California, 51-96 fathoms:
Off False Tillamook, Oregon, 62 fathoms, station 3090.
Off Point Conception, California, 96 fathoms, station 2906.

CRANGON SPINIROSTRIS Rathbun.

Crangon spinirostris RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 891, 1902.

Also allied to C. munita and its associates, but differing from them all
in its long spiniform rostrum.

The position of the spines of the carapace is
similar to that in C. munita. The rostrum and the
spine behind are long, slender, and suberect, the
rostrum the longer. The orbital spine is slender
and ascending; the antero-lateral spine is directed
upward and outward. The spines of the first two
antennular segments are slender ; that of the anten-

71'

nal scale is longer than usual, exceeding the blade. rostris.

The hand is about three times as long as wide. Of

the projecting plates on the ventral surface of the thorax in the male, the

Dorsal view
6. Side view.

132 RATHBUN

anterior has an acuminate, the other a spiniform, tip. The third to fifth
segments of the abdomen are carinated; the anterior pair of lateral
spinules of the telson are two fifths the distance from the tip.

Dimensions. — Female, length of body 35.4 mm., length of carapace
10.5 mm., of scale 4.4 mm., of hand 5.2 mm., width of hand 1.8 mm.
Male, length of body 33 mm., length of carapace 1 0.3 mm., of scale 3.9 mm.

Distribution, — Bering Sea and off the Aleutian Islands, 276-625
fathoms, as follows :

North of Rat Islands, 270 fathoms (Albatross station 3785).
South of Pribilof Islands, 276 fathoms (Albatross station 3608).
Off Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 309 fathoms (Albatross station 3316).
North of Unalaska, 350-406 fathoms, stations 3329 (type locality) to

3332-
Off Shumagin Bank, 625 fathoms, station 3338.

CRANGON MUNITELLA Walker.

Crangon munitellus WALKER, Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., xn, 275, pi. xvi,
fig. i, 1898. Puget Sound. — HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci.,
vn, 176, 1900.

This species is related to C. munitus, but differs from it and all its allies
in having the second lateral carina from the middle armed with a spine a
little behind the superior lateral spine. The distance between the two
median spines is equal to the distance between the posterior of these
spines and the posterior margin. The antero-lateral angle of the cara-
pace is armed with a spine. The end of the blade of the antennal scale
is so produced at the inner angle that it is more advanced than the spine
at the outer angle. The first four abdominal segments are smooth ; the
fifth has a carina faintly indicated ; the sixth has a broad, smooth carina
set off by a depression on either side; the seventh has a slight median
depression. The hands of the first pair of feet are two and a half times
as long as wide, oblong, swollen, the anterior margin more longitudinal
than transverse, spine very long.

Dimensions. — Female with eggs, length 25 mm., length of carapace
7 mm.

Distribution. — Puget Sound (Walker, Caiman; also collected by T.
Kincaid) ; Pacific Grove, California (J. O. Snyder) ; Catalina Harbor,
California, 30-40 fathoms, sandy mud (W. H. Dall).

Genus Sclerocrangon Sars.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SCLEROCRANGON.

A. A long suberect spine situated ori the rostrum ; four spines on median
carina sharpi.

DECAPODS 133

A'. No long suberect spine situated on the rostrum ; fewer than four spines

on median carina.

B. Carapace elongate, about one fifth longer than wide ; blade of an-
tennal scale considerably overreaching the spine . . . boreas.
B'. Carapace nearly as long as wide ; blade of antennal scale not over-
reaching the spine alata.

SCLEROCRANGON BOREAS (Phipps).

Cancer boreas PHIPPS, Voyage North Pole, 190, pi. xn, fig. i, 1774.
Crangon Boreas SABINE, in Suppl. to Appendix of Capt. Parry's [First] Voyage,

p. ccxxxv, 1824.
Sclerocrangon boreas SARS, Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition, XIV, Zoologi,

Crust., Pt. i, p. 15, 1885.— HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vn,

177, 1900, and synonymy.

Carapace one fifth longer than wide ; three equidistant spines on the
dorsal carina ; a tuberculated carina on the branchial regions armed with
an anterior spine and one or two obscure teeth. Rostrum triangular,
acute; tip horizontal. Antero-lateral angles armed with a spine project-
ing forward or a little outward. Blade of antennal scale much produced
beyond the spine. Hand twice or more than twice as long as wide ; distal
margin obliquely transverse ; spine obliquely longitudinal. The merus has
an upper distal spine, the carpus a lower distal spine.

Abdomen sculptured, the anterior segment with a median dorsal carina
which forms a forward projecting tooth on the first segment ; the sixth
segment with a double carina, with a sulcus between the ridges; also on
each side of the posterior margin a supero-lateral spine. Pleura of the
abdominal segments with only one spine each. Telson sulcate ; two pairs
of lateral spinules on the terminal half.

Dimensions. — Male (Alaska), length no mm., length of carapace 32
mm., width of carapace at branchial spine 26.4 mm., length of hand
13.2 mm., width of hand at inner base of spine 6 mm.

Harriman Expedition,— Kadiak, 5 fathoms (W. R. Coe) ; Berg Bay,
Glacier Bay.

Distribution.— Arctic Europe and America; Atlantic coast of America
southward to Cape Cod ; Alaska (as far south as Killisnoo) ; ' California '
(Ross, Owen); Siberia; Kamchatka (Ross). Depth, 1-44 fathoms.

Numerous specimens were taken by the Albatross in Bristol Bay and
vicinity in 3^-17 fathoms; by the U. S. R. S. Corwin in lat. 66° 12'
oo" N., long. 1 68° 54' oo" W., 30 fathoms, lat. 65° 49' 15" N., long.
1690 04' 30" W., 26 fathoms, and lat. 71° 02' oo" N., long. 157° 46'
oo" W., 19 fathoms.

Killisnoo, Alaska (Northwestern Trading Company).
Plover Bay, Siberia, 10-25 fathoms (W. H. Dall).

134

RATHBUN

Cape Etolin, Nunivak Island, 8 fathoms (W. H. Dall).
Various localities in the Aleutians and Alaska Peninsula, 6-28 fathoms
(W. H. Dall).

SCLEROCRANGON ALATA Rathbun.

Plate in, fig. 2.
Sclerocrangon alata RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 891, 1902.

Allied to S. boreas. Carapace only slightly broader than long ; surface
very uneven, sculptured and pitted. Median carina armed with a small

spine just behind
the orbits, a still
smaller one at
the middle of the
carapace, and a
tubercle near the
posterior mar-
gin. Rostrum
with an acute

FIG. 72. Sclerocrangon alata. 9 (X 2)- Station 2865. a. Dorsal view of *

carapace and abdomen, b. Side view of carapace. Curved tip. A

spine at the outer angle of the orbit. Antero-lateral angles broadly
alate. Branchial carina having a strong anterior spine ; posterior half
protuberant and deeply pitted, as is also the surface below the crest.
The spine of the antennal scale extends as far as or a little farther than
the blade.

The first pair of feet have a strong upper distal spine on the merus, a
large outer dentiform expansion on the carpus, and a
very short stout hand less than twice as long as broad, «/
the anterior margin nearly transverse and the spine nearly
longitudinal.

The abdomen is sculptured.

The median carina of the first five segments is very
blunt, and on the third segment especially prominent. a- Acicle- b- Chela-
The pleura are without spines. The lateral spinules (one or two pairs)
on the telson are situated at about its middle.

Dimensions. — Male, length 38 mm., length of carapace n mm., width
of carapace at branchial spine 10.7 mm., length of hand 4.4 mm., width
of hand 2.5 mm. A female 25.7 mm. long is laden with ova.

Distribution. — From Bering Sea to Puget Sound, 6-91 fathoms.
Usually not more than one or two specimens in a haul.

Taken at the following localities by the Albatross:

DECAPODS 135

Bering Sea, off Akutan Island, 36 and 91 fathoms, stations 3546 and

3548.

Northwest of Unimak Island, 43 fathoms, station 3262.
Off south entrance to Akutan Pass, 45 fathoms, station 2843.
Southwest of Sannak Islands, 41 fathoms, station 3213.
Shumagins, 21 and 35 fathoms, stations 2850 and 2851.
Strait of Fuca, 37 fathoms, station 3593.
Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, 40 fathoms, station 2865 (type locality).

By Dr. W. H. Dall at :

Constantine Harbor, Amchitka, 6-10 fathoms.
Bay of Islands, Adak, 9-16 fathoms.

Captains Harbor and Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, 9-1 5 fathoms.
Belkofski Bay, 15-25 fathoms.
Coal Harbor, Unga, 8-9 fathoms.
Popof Strait, Shumagins, 6 fathoms.
Chiniak Bay, Kadiak.

By N. Grebnitzky, at Bering Island, from stomach of Gadus macro-

cephalus.

SCLEROCRANGON SHARPI (Ortmann).
Plate in, figs, i, i a.

Paracrangon echinatus SHARP (non Dana), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893,

126.
Crangon (Sclerocrangon) sharpi ORTMANN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895,

178.

Carapace about as broad as long, with three keels, the median one with
four strong spines, the first longest and placed on the upper margin of the
rostrum, the second nearly as long and situated immediately behind the
base of the rostrum ; the first, third, and fourth spines are directed obliquely
upward and forward, the second directly upward or a little backward.
The rostrum is short, not reaching the end of the first antennular seg-
ment, sharp and curved upward. The lateral keels are formed by four
spines; the foremost, on the anterior margin of the carapace near the
base of the antennae, is the largest, and is directed obliquely outward and
forward, more than half as long as carapace ; the three others are smaller
but sharp. There is a sharp spine at the outer angle of the orbit and
another on the outer side of the antenna at the base of the scale.

Merus of first pair of feet with a strong superior terminal spine ; car-
pus with an outer, an inferior, and a smaller inner spine; hand more
than twice as long as broad; anterior margin nearly transverse; spine
short.

The abdomen is sculptured, first to sixth segments with a median keel,
that of the third arched and produced somewhat posteriorly, that on the
third to sixth segments with a median furrow, that of the sixth terminat-

136 RATHBUN

ing in two spines. Two other spines are placed at the posterior margin
of this segment, one on each side. Fifth segment furnished with a sharp
spine on the posterior margin near the median line ; also a small spine
on the lateral surface. Lateral faces of the first five segments sculptured
by two irregular transverse furrows, sixth segment laterally with an
indistinct longitudinal ridge. Pleura of first to fourth segments tri-
angular, inferior angles blunt, without spines. Sternal crest low, dentate,
terminating anteriorly in a spine.

Dimensions. — Female, length 36.7 mm., length of carapace 11.5 mm.,
width of carapace between tips of antero-lateral spines 10.4 mm.

Distribution. — Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Alaska Peninsula, 35-
150 fathoms. Taken by the Albatross at the following stations:
Off Pribilof Islands, 54 and 150 fathoms, stations 3552, 3486.
Pumicestone Bay, Unalaska, and vicinity, 35 and 59 fathoms, stations

3322, 3319.

Off North Head, Akutan Island, 56 and 72 fathoms, stations 2841, 2842.
Off south entrance to Akutan Pass, 45 fathoms, station 2843.
Northwest of Unimak Island, 43 fathoms, station 3262.
Portlock Bank, 51 fathoms, station 2857.

Marmot Isle, Kadiak, 45 fathoms (Sharp).

Genus Nectocrangon Brandt.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NECTOCRANGON.

A. Carapace with only two median spines behind the anterior margin.
B. Carinae of sixth segment of abdomen not terminating in a small

sharp tooth or spine lar.

B'. Carinae ,of sixth segment terminating in a small sharp tooth or

spine.
C. All the abdominal segments carinated.

D. Eyes with low tubercle. Spines of carapace appressed ; those
on anterior margin short. Hand elongate, about five times

as long as wide dentata.

D'. Eyes with elongated sharp tubercle. Spines of carapace sub-
erect ; those on anterior margin long, slender. Hand
shorter, only three and a half to four times as long as wide

ovifer.
C'. The first and second abdominal segments not carinated

calif orniensis.

A'. Carapace with three or four median spines behind the anterior mar-
gin.
B. Carinse of sixth segment of abdomen terminating posteriorly in a

small spine alaskensis.

B'. Carinae of sixth segment of abdomen not terminating posteriorly

in a small spine.

C. First to fourth segments of abdomen carinated . . . crassa.
C'. First to fourth segments of abdomen not carinated . . levior.

DECAPODS

137

NECTOCRANGON LAR (Owen).

Crangon lar OWEN, in Zoology of Capt. Beechey's Voyage [of the Blossom},

Crustacea, p. 88, pi. xxvin, fig. i, 1839.

Argis lar KROYER, Naturh. Tidssk., iv, 255, pi. v, figs. 45-62, 1842.
Nectocrangon lar STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 25, 1860. — ORT-

MANN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 181, 1895.

Female. — Carapace about two fifths or one third as long as the abdo-
men ; two spines on the median line, the distance between them being
greater than the distance from the anterior spine to the anterior margin,
and about equal to or less than the distance from the posterior spine to

FIG. 74. Nectocrangon lar. a. Dorsal view of carapace and abdomen. S (nat. size). Station 3643.
b. Side view of carapace and part of abdomen. 8 (nat. size). Station 3642. c. Side view of abdomen.
£ (X ij). Station 3779.

the posterior margin. Sometimes there is a tubercle behind the rostral
spine. A low blunt irregular carina runs from the orbit nearly to the
posterior margin; below this a spine on either side; a short antennal
spine on the anterior margin. Blade of antennal scale exceeding the spine.
Hands of first pair of feet from three and a half to four times as long
as the width of the palm. The anterior margin forms an angle of about
forty-five degrees with the side margins. First to fifth abdominal seg-
ments furnished with a sharp median carina ; sixth seg-
ment with two sharp carinas, which toward the posterior
end become lower and may disappear altogether in
front of the posterior margin. Pleura of first four
segments with rounded entire angles ; fifth and sixth

. . FIG. 75. Nectocran-

segments with an acute tooth or small spine at the^«/^<x ?i). «• Aci-

... . cle. 9 . Station 3642. b.

postero-mrenor angles ; sixth segment with a supero- chela, t . station 3779.

. . ,.i,i • • c. Chela, 9. Station 3642.

lateral spine on each side of the posterior margin.

Seventh segment with two blunt carinse armed with three pairs of spin-

ules on the terminal half.

Dimensions. — Female, length 79.2 mm., length of carapace 21.5 mm.

Male. —The male differs markedly from the female. It is much smaller.
The eyes are considerably larger. The anterior margin of the hand is

138

RATHBUN

more transverse, making the palm appear longer. The abdominal
carinae are higher and thinner, especially on the third segment ; the in-
fero-posterior angle of the fourth segment may have a small spine. The
abdomen is more elongate, notably the sixth segment.

Dimensions. — Large male, length 55.7 mm., length of carapace 13.6 mm.

Distribution. — Arctic coast of Alaska and Siberia southward to Sitka
and Kurile Islands; Greenland (Kroyer). Beach to 47 fathoms.

In the U. S. National Museum this species is represented by numer-
ous specimens ranging from the Arctic coast of Alaska and Siberia south-
ward via Bering Strait to Bering Sea, lat. 56° 12' oo" N. Within these
limits it is very abundant and was taken at 2 1 stations of the Albatross,
at 8 stations by Lieutenant G. M. Stoney, U. S. N., at 7 stations by W. H.
Dall, at 2 stations by the U. S. R. S. Corwin, off the mouth of the Yukon
by E. W. Nelson, and at Cape Smith by the Point Barrow Expedition.

Also taken at the following localities :

Shahafka Cove, Kadiak, 12-14 fathoms (W. H. Dall).

Sitka Harbor, 1 5 fathoms (W. H. Dall).

Avacha Bay, Kamchatka (L. Stejneger and Albatross; also recorded by

Stimpson).

Rakovaya Bay, Avacha Bay (Albatross}.
Off Kamchatka, 12-13 fathoms (Albatross stations 3776, 3777, 3779,

Off Iturup Island, Kurile Islands, 14-18 fathoms (Albatross stations 3652,

3653).
Off Robben Island, Okhotsk Sea, 18-20 fathoms, stations 3646, 3647.

NECTOCRANGON DENTATA Rathbun.

Nectocrangon lar SMITH, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., V, 61, 1879 (part);
not N. /ar(Owen). — RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the
North Pacific Ocean, Pt. Ill, 556, 1899 (part). — HOLMES, Occas. Papers
Calif. Acad. Sci., vn, 178, 1900 (part). — ORTMANN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1901, 164 (part).

Nectocrangon dentata RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 892, 1902.

FlG. 76. Nectocrangon dentata.. ? _(X ij)- Station 3216. a. Dorsal view of
carapace and abdomen, b. Side view of carapace and part of abdomen.

DECAPODS 139

The typical Nectocrangon lar is primarily an Arctic species, and is re-
placed in the Aleutian Islands and the southern part of Bering Sea by a
species which is very closely allied, and has been heretofore
united with N. lar. It differs chiefly in the carinae of the sixth
abdominal segment terminating posteriorly in a small sharp
tooth or spine. The hand is more elongate, being about five
times or more than five times as long as its width across the palm.

Dimensions. — Female, length 73 mm., length of carapace
19 mm., length of hand 10 mm., width of palm 2.1 mm. (x *i)- sta-

Type locality. — Off Sitkalidak Island, Alaska, 69 fathoms Adcie" ' l!

. Chela.

(Albatross station 2855).

Distribution. — Bering Sea southward to Sitka and southeast coast of
Kamchatka ; Atlantic coast of North America from Greenland to Nova
Scotia, 6 to 96 fathoms.

From Bering Sea, in lat. 59° 55' oo" N., southward to Aleutian Islands
and Alaska Peninsula, at 65 stations of the Albatross, 21-93 fathoms.
Southeast coast of Kamchatka, 96 fathoms (Albatross}.
Aleutian Islands eastward to Sitka Harbor, 6-80 fathoms (W. H. Dall).
Plover Bay, Siberia, 10-25 fathoms (W. H. Dall).

It will be noticed that the habitats of N. lar and JV. dentata overlap in
Bering Sea, that each is occasionally found at the extreme limit of the
other's range (e.g., N. lar at Kadiak and Vancouver Island, and N.
dentata at Plover Bay), and that N. dentata extends into deeper water.

The species recorded from the North Atlantic by Professor S. I. Smith,
under the name N. lar, is, I think, identical with N. dentata. The same
form was collected by the Princeton Expedition at Greenland ; specimens
from Granville Bay are in the National Museum.

NECTOCRANGON OVIFER Rathbun.

Nectocrangon lar RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the North

Pacific Ocean, Pt. ill, 556, 1899 (part).
Nectocrangon ovifer RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 892, 1902.

In the deeper waters of Bering Sea there lives another species of Necto-
crangon closely allied to N. lar and N. dentata. Like them, it bears two
median spines on the carapace; the median crest is, however, higher,
and the spines more ascending ; the three spines of the anterior margin
above the eyes are longer and more deeply separated from each other.
The tubercle on the anterior surface of the eye is more prominent and
acute ; the eyes themselves are of greater size. The spine of the antennal
scale extends away beyond the blade, much more so than the allied species.
The pleon is relatively shorter than in N. lar and N. dentata; the median
carina in the female is higher ; the carinse of the sixth segment end in a

140

RATHBUN

small spine or tooth, as in N. dentata. The median carina of the male is
higher than in the female, but there is less difference than in the above

FIG. 78. Nectocrangon ovifer. 9 (nat. size). Station 3225. a. Dorsal view of
carapace and abdomen, b. Side view of carapace and part of abdomen.

species. The hands are from three and a half to four times as long as
their width across the palm, like those of N. lar. The eggs are larger
than those of N. lar or N. dentata, having a diameter of
about 1.8 mm. as against 1.2 in TV! dentata.

Dimensions. — Female bearing eggs, length 60 mm.,
length of carapace 17.4 mm. Male, length 35.5 mm.,
FIG. 79. N?cto- length of carapace 9 mm.
T"oT*xi)° Stal Tyfe locality.— Off the Trinity Islands, Alaska, 159

tion 3225. a. Aci- , . i / j 77 , • n \

cie. b. Chela, fathoms (Albatross station 2853).

Distribution.— Bering Sea, from 570 39' Oo" north latitude to Aleutian
Islands and Alaska Peninsula as far as Kadiak, 56-368 fathoms, at 26
stations of the Albatross.

The three foregoing species are not to be separated at a glance, but
the examination of hundreds of specimens of each shows that the differ-
ences here mentioned are constant.

NECTOCRANGON CALIFORNIENSIS Rathbun.
Nectocrangon californiensis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 892, 1902.
Allied to N. ovifer. Represented only by small specimens which differ
from specimens of N. ovifer of equal size. The anterior margin outside
the orbital fissure is fur-
nished with two spines
close together, instead of
one in the allied species.
The eyes are smaller than in N. ovifer,
but have a prominent tubercle. The
spine of the antennal scale extends only
slightly beyond the blade. The hands

FIG. 80. Nectocrangon californiensis (X
2). Station 3664. a. Dorsal view of cara-
b. Side view.

are from three and a half to four times pace an<

as long as wide ; they have the spine situated nearer the proximal end

DECAPODS

141

v

tocrangon cali-
forniensis (X

than in 7V. ovifer, and the anterior margin (against which the dactylus
fits) in consequence more longitudinal.

The first and second abdominal segments are without a
carina ; that on the third and fourth segments is rather feebly
developed.

Dimensions. — Male, length 31 mm., length of carapace FlG 8i

8G. mm
.O mm.

Type locality.— Q>& Santa Catalina Island, California, 80
fathoms (Albatross station 3664). *• Chela-

Additional localities.— Off Santa Cruz Island, California, 155 fathoms,
station 2949 ; south of Santa Catalina Island, 59 fathoms, station 3665
(specimen 39 mm. long).

NECTOCRANGON ALASKENSIS Kingsley.
Nectocrangon alaskensis KINGSLEY, Bull. Essex Inst., xiv, 128, 1882.

Female.— Three equidistant spines on the median carina, and between
these and the spine on the anterior margin there is usually a small spinel
Lateral carina scarcely traceable. Antennal spine large. Spine of an-

FIG. 82. Nectocrangon alaskensis. ? (x ij). a. Dorsal view of carapace and
abdomen. Station 2869. b. Side view. Station 2868.

tennal scale overreaching the blade. Hands of first pair of feet about
four and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin longitudinally
oblique. Sternal crest in the male armed with slender spines. First to
fourth abdominal segments smoothly rounded ; fifth having a
sharp median crest ending posteriorly in a sharp spine, and a
spine at the postero-inferior angles ; sixth segment with two sharp
crests terminating in small spines; the posterior margin has
also a large supero-lateral spine, and a small infero-lateral

gonalasken-
sis. 9 (X

il>. station

2869. a. Aci-

Male.— Smaller than the female. The spine at the antero-

. .

cie. b. Chela, lateral angle is much longer than in the female, considerably
overlapping the antennal scale. The scale is a little longer also. The

142

RATHBUN

first to fourth segments of the abdomen have a median carina, usually
sharp and high on the first three segments but not extending the full
length of each segment.

Dimensions. — Female, length 66.5 mm., length of carapace 17.7 mm.
Male, length 44.3 mm., length of carapace 11.2 mm.

Distribution. — From Bering Sea, near the Pribilof Islands, to Oregon,
including Puget Sound, 24-121 fathoms. Taken by the Albatross at 38
stations.

Also collected by W. H. Dall at the following localities :

Iliuliuk, Unalaska, 3-6 fathoms ; Captains Bay, Unalaska ; Shahafka
Cove, Kadiak.

NECTOCRANGON CRASSA Rathbun.

Nectocrangon crassa RATHBUN, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the
North Pacific Ocean, Pt. Ill, 556, 1899.

Female. — Body stout.

Carapace more than one third the length of the abdomen ; three
strong equidistant spines on the median carina ; between the first of these
spines and the
spine on the ante-
rior margin there
is a small tooth
or spinule. Lat-
eral carina well marked. Antennal
spine not reaching the antennal scale.
Spine of scale extending well beyond

the blade FIG. 84. Nectocrangon crassa. ? (X if)- Sta-

tion 3245. a. Dorsal view of carapace and ab-

The hand of the first pair of feet is domen- b- Side view-
a little more than three times as long as wide ; its anterior margin is longi-
tudinally oblique; the spine is short and stout. Sternal crest of male
armed with spines.

Abdomen slightly sculptured ; first to fifth segments furnished with a
blunt median carina; sixth and seventh segments having
two carinae, those of the sixth segment converging and
disappearing toward the posterior margin ; this margin has
FIG. 85. Nee- a large lobe at the supero-lateral angles ; the fourth, fifth,

tocrangon crassa. , ,, , . .

« (x if), sta- and sixth segments have a small tooth or spine at infero-

tion 3243. a. Aci-

cie. b. chela, posterior angles.

Male. — Smaller and more slender than female; abdominal carina?
stronger.

Dimensions.— Female, length 48.5 mm., length of carapace 13 mm.

DECAPODS

-^r5""^" ~~\J^\1 \^
^

Distribution. — Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, nj^ to 55 fathoms
at 24 stations of the Albatross; Aleutian Islands to Sitka, 5 to 28 fathoms,
at 10 localities (W. H. Dall); Alaska (U. S. R. S. Corwin], one specimen ;
Bering Island, some specimens taken from the stomach of Gadus macro-
cephalus (N. Grebnitzky).

NECTOCRANGON LEVIOR Rathbun.
Nectocrangon levior RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 892, 1902.

This species is very close to N. crassa. The first four abdominal seg-
ments are non-carinate, except for a short feeble elevation on the first ;
the first segment has a
median tubercle; and
the pleura of all the
segments have shallow
depressions suggestive
of the sculpturing of N. crassa; the carinae ^ / ^

of the fifth and sixth segments are less Sx_ J S-, --- ^

^**^^*^^~- -^^
clearly marked than in N. crassa.

FIG. 86. Nectocrangon levior. 9 (X

Dimensions.— Female, length 47.7 mm., J?>- station 2865. «. Dorsal view of

' carapace and abdomen, e. bide view.

length of carapace 13.1 mm.

Distribution.— This species is more rare than N. crassa and extends
farther south. One female was taken in Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound,
40 fathoms, station 2865, by the Albatross, and serves as the
type. Another female was dredged off Cape Beale, Vancou-
ver Island, in 34 fathoms, station 2880. One female from
FIG 8 Nee P°rt^oc^ Bank, 68 fathoms, station 2856. Six females and
tocrangon levi- one male come from Davidson Bank, south of the Aleutian

or. $ (X if).

« taAcicie 286|' ^S^an(^s> 42 fathoms, station 2845. One or two specimens

Chela. were taken by Dr. Dall at each of the following localities:

Port Levashef, Unalaska, 20-30 fathoms.

Semidi Islands, 12-28 fathoms.

West side Middleton Island, 10-12 fathoms.

Genus Paracrangon Dana.

PARACRANGON ECHINATA Dana.

Paracrangon echinatus DANA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, p. 20;
Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., I, p. 538, 1852, pi. xxxm, fig. 6, 1855.
— HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 176, pi. II, figs. 36 and
37, 1900, and synonymy.

Carapace furnished with a median carina unequally four-toothed.
Rostrum long, obliquely erect ; posterior margin with one tooth near the

144 RATHBUN

middle, anterior margin with one tooth near the tip, and at base a long
curved spine. Sides of carapace carinated in such a way as to form
irregular quadrangular spaces, with spines at most of the angles ; four or
five of these spines form an irregular lateral carina, the anterior spine
being much the longest, about four fifths the length of the rostrum. On
the anterior margin of the carapace there is a spine at the outer angle of
the orbit and another at the antero-lateral angle. The antennular
peduncle is two thirds as long as the carapace ; the second segment is
more than twice as long as the third ; the basal scale is very short and
ovate ; the outer flagellum is very much stouter and twice as long as the
inner. The antennal scale is as long as the antennular peduncle but not
so long as the antennal peduncle ; the laminar portion projects consider-
ably beyond the short, stout outer spine; the outer margin is slightly
concave. The flagellum when bent back reaches the sixth abdominal
segment. The maxillipeds reach beyond the antennal peduncle by half
the length of the dactylus. The first pair of feet are about as long as the
maxillipeds; the upper margin of the merus terminates distally in a
tooth ; the hands are narrow-elongate, about four times as long as wide ;
the digital spine is very long and slender and directed in an obliquely
longitudinal direction; the anterior margin is more longitudinal than
transverse. The third pair of feet (it is to be borne in mind that the
second pair are absent) are very slender and barely reach to the end of the
first pair ; the fourth and fifth pairs are of about equal length, and stretch
a little beyond the first pair.

The abdomen behind the second segment is carinate, the carina of
the third segment being especially high ; on the sixth and seventh seg-
ments it is medially sulcate. The first to fifth segments are deeply
sculptured with transverse grooves, and their inferior margins are
pointed, those of the fourth and fifth segments being sharply so. In the
male the pleura are much more spiniform than in the female. The
fourth segment has on each side of its posterior margin a blunt tooth ;
the fifth segment has a corresponding spine. The sixth segment has on
each side two lateral and one posterior spine. The telson is armed with
two small spines at the proximal end, and three pairs of lateral spinules
on the terminal half. The outer uropod is shorter than the inner, is
obliquely truncated at the end, and has a broad blunt tooth at the
postero-lateral angle. The median ventral line of the pleon is armed
with very long spines.

Dimensions. — Female with eggs, length of body measured from tip of
spine at anterior base of rostrum 47.4 mm., length of carapace from
same point 16 mm., length of carapace from posterior line of orbit 12 mm.

DECAPODS 145

Distribution.— Port Etches, Alaska, to Puget Sound; l Japan. Port
Etches, Alaska, 12 to 18 fathoms (W. H. Dall), one specimen. Dredged
by the Albatross in the Straits of Fuca in 40 to 48 fathoms at stations
2864,3464, and 3465, and in Puget Sound in 40 fathoms, station 2865.

Puget Sound (T. Kincaid).

Puget Sound, Oregon, dredged (Dana).

McLaughlin Bay, Campbell Island, 10-30 fathoms (Whiteaves).

Vancouver Island (Smith).

North of Japan, lat. 44° 27' oo" N., long. 141° 22' oo" E. (Miers).

Family SERGESTID^E.
Genus Sergestes Milne Edwards.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SERGESTES.

A. First joint of antennular peduncle only slightly longer than third joint.

Rostrum spiniform. Cornea larger than eye-stalk . . atlanticus.
A'. First joint of antennular peduncle considerably longer than third

joint. Rostrum lobiform. Cornea no larger than eye-stalk,

sp. indct.

SERGESTES ATLANTICUS Milne Edwards.

Sergestes atlanticus MILNE EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat., xix, 349, 1830; Hist.

Nat. Crust., II, 428, 1837. — HANSEN, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1896, 949

and 951.
Sergestes frisii KROYER, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., 5 Raekke,

naturvidensk. mathem. Afd., IV, 235, pi. I, fig. I, 1859.
Sergestes pacificus STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xn, 45 [114]?

1860.

Distribution. — North and South Atlantic, North and South Pacific, and
Indian Oceans:

North Atlantic : Northward to 42° (Hansen) ; various localities, from
off Chesapeake Bay, 2425 fathoms, southward (Bate) ; Sargasso Sea, 500
to 700 meters (Ortmann).

South Atlantic : Off Monte Video, 600 fathoms (Bate) ; South Equa-
torial Stream (Ortmann).

North Pacific: Lat. 27^° N., long. 138° E. (Stimpson) ; China Sea
(Hansen) ; off Japan, 345 fathoms (Bate). Specimens were taken by the
Albatross, as follows :

Off Destruction Island, Washington, 516 fathoms, station 3343.
Off Sea Lion Rock, Washington, 477-636 fathoms, stations 3070, 3072,

3°73-

1 The locality "California" attributed to Miers is probably an error, as he appa-
rently considered Puget Sound as on the Californian coast, and the specimens in the
British Museum which were received from the Smithsonian Institution were undoubt-
edly from Puget Sound. (See Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, 52.)

146 RATHBUN

Off Cascade Head, Oregon, 345 fathoms, station 3347.

Off Point Arena, California, 239 fathoms, station 3349.

Off Farallone Islands, 5"52 fathoms, station 3162.

South of Farallone Islands, 217 fathoms, station 3105.

Off Monterey Bay, 418 fathoms, station 3127.

Off San Luis Obispo Bay, 252 fathoms, station 3195.

Off Point Conception, 233 and 284 fathoms, stations 2891, 2892.

Santa Barbara Channel, 322 and 314 fathoms, stations 2903, 2904.

Gulf of California, northwest of Tiburon Island, 145 fathoms, station 3015.

South Pacific: Lat. 15° S., long. 109° 20' E. (Hansen) ; off Fijis, 315
fathoms (Bate) ; south of Australia, 2150 fathoms (Bate).

Indian Ocean (Hansen).

Size. — The largest specimen examined (station 3195) measures 52 mm. ;
the average length is about 40 mm. There is no indication on any of
the labels that the specimens came from the surface or from any inter-
mediate depth.

Common at surface, where no specimen exceeds 30 mm. (Hansen).
At 600, 2150, and 345 fathoms, specimens measure 38, 43, and 50 mm.
respectively (Bate).

SERGESTES sp. indet.

A single mutilated female Sergestes, without maxillipeds or trunk-legs,
was dredged by the Albatross in 417 fathoms off San Diego, California,
station 2928. It resembles S. mollis Smith. Body stout ; length about 38
mm. The rostrum and anterior outline are as in that species. There is
a minute hepatic spine. A strong ridge runs from the anterior margin at
the outer edge of the eye-stalk backward to the posterior margin ; the
front part of the ridge is higher up than in S. mollis ; at its middle the
ridge gives off a weaker branch directed obliquely downward and back-
ward, and then backward to the posterior margin. Gastro-cardiac groove
deep ; cervical groove present. Eyes a little shorter than in S. mollis,
reaching ^3 the length of the first antennular segment; cornea brown.
Antennular peduncle rather stout, first joint the longest, i^i times the
second joint ; second and third subequal ; notch in outer side of first seg-
ment very slight. Antennal scales broken off. Abdomen as in S. mollis.

*

Telson broken off. No hairs visible on outer margin of outer uropod.

Family PEN^EID^E.

Genus Penaeus Fabricius.

PEN.EUS BREVIROSTRIS Kingsley.

Peneus brevirostris KINGSLEY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1878, 98.
Penceus californiensis HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vn, 218, pi. IV,

figs. 64-69, 1900.
Penceus brevirostris RATHBUN, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., IV, 287, 1902.

DECAPODS 147

Distribution. — San Francisco Bay, California, to Panama; Galapagos
Islands. To a depth of 51^2 fathoms.

Taken by the Albatross at the following localities: Magdalena Bay,
Lower California ; off Santa Margarita Island, Lower California, 47
fathoms, station 3039 ; Gulf of California, 9^~33 fathoms, stations 2823,
3013, 3022, 3025, 3031, 3037; also at Guaymas; Concepcion Bay,
mouth of Rio Mulege ; Algodones Lagoon ; and La Paz Harbor.
Panama; Panama Bay, 29^-51^ fathoms, stations 2795, 2799, 2804,
2805.

Genus Benthesicymus Bate.

BENTHESICYMUS TANNERI Faxon.

Benthesicymus tanneri FAXON, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxiv, 215, 1893;
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., xvm, 205, pi. H, 1895.

Distribution. — From off San Diego, California, to Ecuador; Galapagos
Islands. 331—1322 fathoms.

The Albatross has collected this species at the following localities,
besides those cited by Faxon :

Off San Diego, 822 and 623 fathoms, stations 2923, 2929.
Gulf of California, 857 and 1005 fathoms, stations 3009, 3010.
Off Cape San Francisco, Ecuador, 401 and 741 fathoms, stations 2792,

2793-
Galapagos Islands, 634 and 392 fathoms, stations 2808, 2818.

Genus Geanadas Bate.
GENNADAS BOREALIS Rathbun.
Gennadas borealis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 887, 1902.

Submembranous, glabrous. Rostrum reaching at least half-way along
the eye-stalk, sometimes to the cornea, armed with a single tooth, carina
very distinct nearly to the
posterior border of the cara-
pace, but sharpest in front of
the cervical groove. There
is a sharp marginal spine at
the angle of the antero-
lateral sinus.

Eyes light brown, globu-

, . . FIG. 88. Gennadas borealis. 9 . Station 3783. a. Side

lar, having a Speck Of black view of carapace (X 2). b. Thelycum (X S>-

pigment near their base on the outer margin of the stalk ; tubercle large
and acute. Antennular flagella broken, the upper one thick at base.
The antennal scale extends beyond the antennular peduncle by about the
length of the last segment of the peduncle. Antennal flagellum as long

148 RATHBUN

as body. The dactylus of the external maxillipeds is subspatulate, fully
twice as long as broad. The chelae of the first pair of feet are narrow
and elongate, as in the succeeding pairs.

Exopodites of first abdominal appendages not so long as the carapace ;
between the bases of these appendages is a sharp spine, equally devel-
oped in both sexes. The thelycum consists of a horizontal convex sub-
triangular plate or tubercle, placed between the third pair of legs,
followed by two transverse plates between the fourth and fifth pairs. The
^— -—. anterior of these two plates is subquadrilateral,
/ \ f\ narrowest in front ; the posterior one is somewhat
w fan-shaped, narrow behind, its anterior margin
rounding and with a blunt median point. The
* andricum or petasma consists of a pair of small

leaves not in contact, each of which is attached at

FIG. 8q. Gennadas borealis. . . . , . . . r j- , i

«. station 3783. a. Petasma its proximal end. At extremities of distal margin

(X 6%). b. Foot of first pair , , , , . , •

(x4) are two lobes or teeth, the outer one of which is

curved. The inner portion is partially folded to form an irregular longi-
tudinal plait. The sixth abdominal somite is carinate ; it is more than
twice as long as the fifth. The telson has a small lateral spine at its
posterior fourth, two spines at the tip. The caudal swimmerets are
broken in all our specimens.

Dimensions. — Male, length of carapace and rostrum 13.6 mm., length
of abdomen on middle line 29 mm. Female, length of carapace and
rostrum 18 mm., length of abdomen on middle line 37 mm.

Distribution.— North of Rat Islands, Aleutians, 850 fathoms (Alba-
tross station 3784), 2 $ ; off Copper Island, Kamchatka, 1567 fathoms,
station 3783 (type locality), 1^,2$.

Very near G. pawns Bate, but differs in the longer rostrum, the
presence of a lateral spine on the telson, the greater length of the anten-
nal scale, the elongated chelae of the first pair of feet, and the different
form of the thelycum and andricum.

A specimen of Gennadas was dredged by the Albatross off San Diego
in 417 fathoms, station 2928, but it is so badly mutilated that it is im-
possible to say whether it is the same species as the above or not.

Family PALINURID&.

Genus Panulirus White.

PANULIRUS INTERRUPTUS (Randall).

Distribution. — Southern California to Mexico. In the National Mu-
seum are specimens ranging from Santa Barbara, California, to Rosalia
Bay, Lower California.

DECAPODS 149

Family AXIID^E,
Genus Axius Leach.
AXIUS SPINULICAUDA Rathbun.
Axius spinulicauda RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 886, 1902.

Carapace (rostrum included) measured in the middle line, as long as
the first 5 abdominal somites, cervical groove deep, branchial groove
indistinct. Gastric region traversed by 5 carinae, all of which fade out
before reaching the cervical groove ; the median extends along the basal
third of the rostrum and is armed with 4 spines just behind the line of

FIG. 90. Axius spinulicauda. 9 (X^)- Station 3172. a. Carapace and
antennae. 6. Swimming-fan.

the orbits ; the posterior of these spines is broken off in the unique type ;
the outer carinae are a continuation of the side margins of the rostrum ;
they, as well as the shorter intermediate carinae, are unarmed. The sur-
face is covered with rather distant scabrous granules. In front of the
narrow median posterior lobe, the surface is compressed or pinched to
form a short smooth ridge. The rostrum reaches the middle of the
second joint of the antennular peduncle, is slightly deflexed, longitudinally
channeled, sharp-pointed, armed with 5 spines on one side and 6 on the
other.

Eyes black, of the same diameter as the stalk, not reaching the middle
of the basal antennular segment. The basal expansion of this segment
has convex side margins, an antero-external spine, and reaches just beyond
the middle of the segment ; the second segment is a little longer than
the third, and the two together are shorter than the first. The entire pe-

150 RATHBUN

duncle extends to the middle of the penultimate joint of the antennal
peduncle. The outer flagellum is almost as long as the carapace and
rostrum ; the inner is a fifth longer than the outer. The scaphocerite
projects as far as the middle of the second antennular segment, while
the stylocerite projects to the end of the penultimate joint of the anten-
nal peduncle ; this joint is nearly 3 times as long as the last joint. The
flagellum is broken off, but the part remaining reaches beyond the anten-
nular flagella.

The outer maxillipeds reach the end of the antennal peduncle. The
first pair of chelipeds are missing. The second pair are rather narrow ;
the merus has 3 spines on its lower margin ; the carpus is half as long as
the merus and three fourths as long as the propodus ; palm and fingers
subequal ; lower margin of merus, carpus, and propodus fringed with long
hair. The third to fifth pairs of feet are slender ; the lower margin of the
distal half of the propodi is fringed with long hair; the dactyli are
slender, those of the third and fourth pairs contained 3 times in their
propodi, those of the fifth pair contained 4 times in their propodi.

The abdomen is smooth above, but the pleura are sculptured and
pubescent; the telson is elongate, subquadrilateral, lateral margins
spinulous, dorsal surface with a few spines ; caudal swimmerets about as
long and as broad as the telson ; inner one with two outer marginal
spines, carina spinulous ; outer branch with serrate outer margin, outer
carina with i or 2 spinules, obliquely transverse suture bordered by slender
spinules.

Dimensions. — In the unique type, a female, the length of the carapace
and rostrum along the median line is 19.6 mm., length of rostrum 3.5
mm., of abdomen 31.5 mm.

Type locality.— Off Bodega Head, California, 62 fathoms (Albatross
station 3172).

From the other species on the west coast of North America, viz., Axius
crista-galli Faxon and A. acutifrons (Bate), both of which occur off Pana-
ma, A. spinulicauda is readily distinguished by the five gastric carinae and
the black eyes.

Genus Calastacus Faxon.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CALASTACUS.

A. Carapace granulate ; no spines behind those at base of rostrum,

investigatoris.
A'. Carapace not granulate ; 5 rows of spines behind the rostrum,

quinquescriatus.

DECAPODS 151

CALASTACUS INVESTIGATORIS Anderson.

Calastacus investigatoris ANDERSON, Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, LXV, Pt. II, 97,
1896. Illustrations of the Zoology of the Investigator, Crustacea, Pt.
IV, pi. xxv, fig. i, 1896. — ALCOCK, Descriptive Catal. Indian Deep-Sea
Crust. Dec. Macr. and Anom. in Indian Mus., 191, 1901.

Distribution.— Taken by the Albatross, south of Sannak Islands,
Alaska, 483 fathoms, station 3210, i $ ; off Cascade Head, Oregon, 345
fathoms, station 3347, i ? ; off San Diego, California, 417 fathoms, sta-
tion 2928, 2 $ .

Type locality. — Arabian Sea, off the coast of Sind, 947 fathoms
(Investigator].

The antennal spines of one Californian specimen agree with Alcock's
description, while in the Alaskan and Oregonian examples the scapho-
cerite and stylocerite are about equally produced; in the second
Californian specimen the stylocerite is broken off. There is also variability
in the spination of the upper margin of the merus of the large chelipeds ;
in one individual (from California) the whole margin is armed with spines
which are proximally reduced in size ; in the other three individuals ex-
amined only the distal half of the margin is armed, as in the types.

CALASTACUS QUINQUESERIATUS Rathbun.

Calastacus quinqueseriatus RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 887,
1902.

Carapace (rostrum included) measured in the middle line, as long as
the first 5 abdominal somites ; its surface is pitted, especially on the infero-
lateral portions, and a few feeble setse spring from the pits; cervical
groove deep, branchial grooves indistinct. The rostrum reaches to the
end of the second joint of the antennular peduncle and is tipped with a
spine ; its lateral margins are armed with 3 to 7 spines, and the pro-
longations of these margins extend two thirds the length of the gastric
region, are armed with 5 or 6 spines, and form a horseshoe on the cara-
pace which is open behind and outlined in front by a groove a little
posterior to the orbit. The median carina extends from the middle of the
rostrum to the rear of the horseshoe and is from 2 to 6 (usually 3) spined
at its middle. Between the median carina and the sides of the horseshoe
is another row of 3 to 5 spines. The eyes are colorless and form a
globular tip to the short eye-stalk.

Expanded basal portion of the first joint of the antennular peduncle
narrow-oval, bearing i or 2 marginal spinules near the tip. Stylo-
cerite of antennal peduncle reaching to distal third of the penultimate
joint ; scaphocerite not reaching middle of the stylocerite. The external

152

RATHBUN

maxillipeds reach to the end of the antennal peduncle. The chelipeds
are unequal, the longer one in the male nearly as long as the body ;
setose ; its inner surface and also the outer surface of carpus and manus
covered with sharp granules or short spines ; upper margin spinose, also
lower inner margin of merus ; lower outer margin of merus outlined with

very short blunt spines and
a single longer distal spine ;
lower margins of propo-
dus armed with dentiform
granules. Margins of pro-
podus sub-parallel. Fin-
gers shorter than palm in
adult males, just as long
as palm in smaller males
and in females; usually
slightly gaping at base;
occludent edges finely and
irregularly dentate. The
stouter cheliped may be
longer or shorter than the
slenderer one. In the fe-
male the chelipeds are two
thirds as long as the body.
The second pair of feet are
a little stouter and shorter
than the last three pairs;
the first four joints have a
few spines on lower mar-
gin ; the carpus a few spines
toward the distal end ; mar-
gins long-setose. Meral
joints of third and fourth pairs of legs with an infero-distal spine; last
three pairs more or less setose, especially so on the dactylus and distal
end of the propodus.

Abdomen almost smooth ; there are a few setae on the sides and on
the swimming-fan. The pleura behind the first, which is subacute and
armed with a spine, are rounded and decrease in length from the second
to the fifth, the anterior margin of the third, fourth, and fifth, and lower
margin of sixth, being armed with a small spine. Telson subquadrangular,
broadly rounded behind, a median groove, a few lateral and one median
marginal spine, 2 larger dorsal spines, Inner branch of caudal swim-

FlG. 91. Calastacus quinyueseriatus. & (X about |).
Station 3196.

DECAPODS 153

meret with a longitudinal 4- to 6-spined carina and a postero-lateral spine.
Outer branch with a transverse row of small spines near the posterior
end, and a few lateral marginal spinules also near the posterior end.

Dimensions.— Male, length of carapace and rostrum, measured in the
middle line, 28mm., length of abdomen 41 mm.

Distribution. — Southern California, 160-388 fathoms, at the following
stations of the Albatross:

Off Point Sur, 298 fathoms, station 3187.
Off San Simeon Bay, 160 fathoms, station 3193.

Off San Luis Obispo Bay, 252, 200 fathoms, stations 3195, 3196 (type lo-
cality).

Off Point Conception, 233-284 fathoms, stations 2891, 2892, 3198.
Santa Barbara Channel, 205—280 fathoms, stations 2909, 3199—3201.
Off Anacapa Island, 388 fathoms, station 2979.

Allied to C. fdix Alcock and Anderson, from which it is easily dis-
tinguished by the more numerous spines of the carapace, the longer
penultimate segment of the antennular peduncle, the squarer telson, etc.

Family CALLIANASSID^E.

Genus Upogebia Leach.
UPOGEBIA PUGETTENSIS (Dana).

Harriman Expedition. — Cape Fox, Alaska (W. R. Coe).

Distribution.— From southeastern Alaska to San Quentin Bay, Lower
California (Lockington).

Localities worthy of note represented in the National Museum are :
Southeastern Alaska : Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island ; Union Bay,

Cleveland Peninsula ; Thorn Arm.
British Columbia: Nanaimo; Comox; Departure Bay; Sucia Island;

Otter Bay, Pender Island.
California : Mouth of Tia Juana River, San Diego County.

Genus Callianassa Leach.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CALLIANASSA.

A. Front with median tooth either obscure or not prominent. Eyes

pigmented.
B. Eye-stalks with acute and divergent extremities.

C. Median prominence of front rounded ; cornea at middle of eye-
stalk ; large cheliped of male very broad, the carpus very
little longer than broad, but considerably longer than palm,

californiensis.
C'. Median prominence of front subacute; cornea just behind

154 RATHBUN

middle of eye-stalk; large cheliped of male elongate, the

carpus twice, or nearly twice, as long as broad . . longimana.

B'. Eye-stalks oblong, their inner extremities tuberculiform, and not

diverging ; cornea in front of middle of eye-stalk ; carpus of large

cheliped of male very little longer than broad, and very little

longer, sometimes even shorter, than palm ..... affinis.

A'. Front with a sharp and prominent median tooth.

B. Eyes not pigmented, oblong ; large cheliped of male with carpus
much shorter than wide ........ goniophthalma.

B'. Eyes pigmented, tips acute and divergent, cornea behind the mid-
dle of the stalk; large cheliped of male with carpus a little
longer than wide ..... • .......

CALLIANASSA CALIFORNIENSIS Dana.

Distribution. — From Mutiny Bay, Alaska (Lockington), to mouth of
Tia Juana River, San Diego County, California (Dr. E. A. Mearns, U. S. A.).

Besides 'published localities, there are in the National Museum speci-
mens from Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and San
Diego, California.

CALLIANASSA LONGIMANA Stimpson.

Distribution. — From Vancouver Island, British Columbia (Bate), to San
Quentin Bay, Lower California (Lockington).

CALLIANASSA GIGAS Dana.

Distribution.— Puget Sound (Dana, Caiman). Gulf of the Farallones,
California, 21 fathoms (Albatross station 3150), one fragmentary specimen
showing the large cheliped and portion of abdomen.

CALLIANASSA AFFINIS Holmes.
Distribution. — From Catalina Harbor to San Diego, California.

CALLIANASSA GONIOPHTHALMA Rathbun.

Plate vm.

Callianassa goniophthalma RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 886, 1902.
Carapace contained in the abdomen two and a third times. Rostrum
triangular, acuminate, reaching barely one third the length of eyes. Lat-
eral projections of the front shallow blunt teeth. Behind and parallel to
the front there is a sulcus which is continued back, defining the raised
area of the gastric region. No median carina, but a slight, blunt elevation
near the posterior margin, corresponding to the strong tooth of C. ccecigena.

DECAPODS 155

Eyes reaching nearly to end of first antennular segment, oblong, more
than twice as long as wide; sides subparallel; antero-external angle
rounded ; antero-internal angle produced in a tuberculiform tooth, these
teeth being slightly divergent from each other; eyes without pigment.
First segment of antennular peduncle longest ; second segment stouter,
and a little shorter, than the third ; flagella subequal and less than twice
the length of peduncle. The antennal peduncle overreaches the antennu-
lar by the length of the last and one third of the preceding segment ; the
penultimate segment is twice as long as the antepenultimate and one and
a half times as long as the ultimate ; the flagellum is nearly as long as the
body. The ischium and merus of the outer maxillipeds, while wider than
the succeeding joints, are not very broad ; the ischium has a lobiform
opercular dilatation on its inner or lower margin ; dactylus almost circular.

The chelipeds are very unequal ; the larger one is equal to the cara-
pace and first four abdominal somites combined ; the ischium has a few
minute spinules at the proximal end of its lower edge ; the merus may
have a small spine at the proximal end of its lower margin, or it may (as
in the largest specimen) be devoid of armature ; the carpus is nearly
twice as deep as it is long and one half as long as the palm ; its lower
angle is rounded ; the palm is a little longer than high, and subequal in
length to the dactylus; its distal lower quarter has a few tubercles
irregularly disposed, from which proceed bunches of hair. The lower
margin of the ischium, merus, and carpus, and both upper and lower
margins of the manus are carinated. The dactylus is longer than the
pollex ; the upper surface is very broad and has a rounded carina on the
inside and the outside ; the outer one is tuberculate near the base of the
finger ; the outer margin of the cutting surface has a broad tuberculated
tooth near the palm, and a lobe near the tip ; the inner margin of the
cutting surface is tuberculate along its distal half ; the pollex has a stout
tooth on the upper edge. The fingers gape widely in the male, not at
all in the female, and are beset with bunches of long hair.

The smaller cheliped is one third as wide as the larger and reaches
only to the distal third of the palm of the larger. The ischium and
merus are similar to those of the larger cheliped ; the carpus is longer
than high, lower angle subacute. The palm is a little shorter than the
carpus, longer than wide. Dactylus slender, nearly twice as long as the
palm and longer than the pollex, which is armed with a single sharp
tooth at its proximal third ; the fingers do not gape, as they overlap far
from the extremities.

The second, third, and fourth pairs of legs are stout and compressed,
and increase slightly in length in the order named ; the fifth pair is as

156 RATHBUN

long as the third. Those of the second pair are a little longer than the
carapace, and end in a short, broad compressed hand, the edges and
outer surface of which are setose, as are also the lower border of the
merus and the upper and distal borders of the carpus. The dactyli of
the remaining pairs are almost hidden in setae.

The first of the abdominal somites is the shortest, and is one half the
length of the second, which is the longest. The lateral margins of the
first are rounded and upturned. The second is half as long as the cara-
pace ; its angles are rounded, the anterior pair being carinated ; the third
and fourth somites have rounded margins, the posterior angles being
setose ; the fifth somite has dentiform posterior angles ; the sixth has a
lateral spine in front of the middle, pointing down and back ; this somite
is a little longer than wide, exclusive of the spines. The telson is nearly
as long as the sixth somite ; its sides are subparallel, notched at the
anterior third; posterior angles rounded; the caudal swimmerets are
broad and rounded, the outer much the larger. The first abdominal
appendage in the ? is slender and forked, the outer branch filiform, the
inner very short, truncate, and fringed with long hair. The second to
fifth pairs are very broad, foliaceous ; in the second, the outer branch is
very much larger than the inner ; in the third, fourth, and fifth the two
branches are subequal ; in each case the inner edge of the endopodite
bears near its middle a small styliform appendage. In the $ the ter-
minal joint of the first abdominal appendage is somewhat scythe-shaped,
with a lobe at the inner base of the scythe. The third to fifth pairs are
similar to those of the $ ; the second pair is much smaller, branches
subequal, inner styliform appendage larger and fringed with hair toward
the extremity.

Dimensions. —Male, station 3198, length of carapace 30.5 mm., of
abdomen 67.5 mm.; female, station 3077, length of carapace 22.2 mm.,
of abdomen 52 mm.

Distribution.— Clarence Strait, Alaska, 322 fathoms, station 3077, 4 $ ,
2 ? ; off Point Conception, California, 278 fathoms, station 3198 (type
locality), i $ (Albatross}.

Closely allied to C. cacigena Alcock and Anderson, but differs in the
shorter rostrum, in the absence of spines on the second to fifth somites
of the abdomen, in the squarer telson. The shape of the first pair of
chelipeds is the same as in C. ccecigena, but the carpus of the larger one
is without a spine, the palm is not serrated on its lower margin, its outer
surface is furnished with tubercles on the distal lower quarter, to which
also the hairs are restricted ; the pollex is shorter in our species and its
tooth is nearer the middle.

DECAPODS 157

Suborder ANOMURA.

Family PAGURID^E.

Genus Pagurus Fabricius.

PAGURUS ALASKENSIS (Benedict).

Pagurus alaskensis Benedict, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxm, 456, text fig., 1901,

and synonymy.

Distribution.— Bering Sea (Siberian and Alaskan coasts) to Oregon;
beach to 136 fathoms.

PAGURUS ALEUTICUS (Benedict).

Pagurus aleuticus Benedict, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxm, 460, text fig., 1901,
and synonymy.

Color.— Specimens in formalin showed the spines orange-red or crimson-
red, eye-stalks and antennal scales reddish.

Harriman Expedition. — Juneau, 50 fathoms.

Distribution. — From Bering Sea (latitude of Pribilof Islands) to Oregon ;
8 to 238 fathoms.

PAGURUS OCHOTENSIS Brandt.

Pagurus ocJwtensis Benedict, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 463, text fig., 1901,
and synonymy.

Distribution. — Unalaska to San Diego, California; 6 to 80 fathoms.
Okhotsk Sea (Brandt). Japan (Stimpson).

PAGURUS TRIGONOCHEIRUS (Stimpson).

Distribution.— From the Arctic coast of Alaska and Siberia southward
through Bering Sea to the Aleutian Islands and Kamchatka; 3 to 100
fathoms.

PAGURUS CAPILLATUS (Benedict).
Plate iv, fig. 3.

Harriman Expedition. — Sitka, 10 fathoms.

Distribution.— Arctic Ocean southward through Bering Straits to Kam-
chatka and California (lat. 36° 55' N.) ; 3 to 240 fathoms.

PAGURUS BRANDTI (Benedict).

Plate iv, fig. 4.

Distribution.— Bering Sea (latitude of Pribilof Islands) southward to
Oregon; 9 to 121 fathoms.

158 RATHBUN

PAGURUS DALLI (Benedict).
Plate iv, fig. i.

Color. — In formalin, legs banded with yellowish-red, the red coming
at the articulations, the light band in the middle of the segments.

Harriman Expedition. — Dutch Harbor, Unalaska (W. R. Coe) ; Ka-
diak; Berg Bay, Glacier Bay, 20 fathoms; Juneau, 20 fathoms.

Distribution.— Bering Sea (latitude of Nunivak) to Oregon; low
water to 151 fathoms.

PAGURUS RATHBUNI (Benedict).
Plate iv, fig. 2.

Distribution.— Bering Sea; east coast to Kamchatka; Okhotsk Sea,
near Robben Island; 10 to 100 fathoms.

PAGURUS TANNERI (Benedict).
Plate iv, fig. 7.

Distribution.— From Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, to off San Simeon Bay,
California (lat/35° 35' N.) ; 50 to 559 fathoms.

PAGURUS CONFRAGOSUS (Benedict).
Plate iv, fig. 8.

Harriman Expedition. — Juneau, 50 fathoms.

Distribution. — From Bering Sea (latitude of Pribilof Islands) to mouth
of Columbia River, Oregon; 41 to 238 fathoms.

PAGURUS CORNUTUS (Benedict).

Plate v, fig. 3.
Eiipagunis cornutus Benedict, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 12, 1892.

Distribution.— Bering Sea (lat. 55° 38' N.) to off Queen Charlotte
Sound, British Columbia; 91 to 406 fathoms.

PAGURUS TOWNSENDI (Benedict).

Plate iv, fig. 5.
Eupagurus townsendi Benedict, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 13, 1892.

Distribution. — From Pribilof Islands to Unalaska and Shumagin Bank ;
284 to 625 fathoms.

DECAPODS 159

PAGURUS BERINGANUS (Benedict).

Plate v, fig. 5.
Eupagums beringanus Benedict, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xv, 17, 1902.

Harriman Expedition. — Orca, Prince William Sound (W. R. Coe);
Yakutat Bay (T. Kincaid) ; Sitka, 10 fathoms; Sitka Harbor.

Distribution. — Bering Sea (latitude of Nunivak) southward along the
Aleutian Islands and coast of Alaska to Monterey, California; 5 to 19
fathoms.

I have included P. newcombei (Benedict) in P. beringanus, as it seems to
be scarcely distinct. The species varies in the sharpness of the tubercles
or spines of the chelipeds.

PAGURUS UNDOSUS (Benedict).

Plate iv, fig. 6.
Eupagtirus undosus Benedict, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xv, 18, 1892.

Distribution. — Bering Sea, in vicinity of Pribilof Islands ; Bering Island ;
Kamchatka; off Robben Island, Okhotsk Sea; 10 to 35 fathoms.

PAGURUS KENNERLYI (Stimpson).
Plate v, fig. 4.

Harriman Expedition. — Victoria, British Columbia (W. R. Coe).
Distribution. — Aleutian Islands to Washington; 9-97 fathoms.

PAGURUS SETOSUS (Benedict).
Plate v, fig. i.

Eupagurus sefosus BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xv, 19, 1892.

Color. — In formalin, the legs are banded with crimson-red, hair dirt
color.

Harriman Expedition. — Kadiak ; Juneau, 50 fathoms. Not known
previously north of Sitka.

Distribution. — From Kadiak, Alaska, to Santa Catalina Island, Cali-
fornia; 50-266 fathoms.

PAGURUS HIRSUTIUSCULUS (Dana).

Color.— In formalin, body and legs pinkish-red. Segments of second
and third pairs of feet, white at distal ends ; dactyli striped longitudinally
with pinkish and white.

l6o RATHBUN

Harriman Expedition.— Orca; Yakutat; Juneau and Farragut Bay;
Sitka, 10 fathoms; Sitka Harbor; Wrangell (T. Kincaid). Also taken
by Dr. Coe at Dutch Harbor, Unalaska; Kadiak; Virgin Bay; Hot
Springs ; Tongass Village.

Distribution.—^.. Paul Island, Pribilofs (T. Kincaid); Aleutian
Islands to southern California (Holmes). Specimens are in the National
Museum from as far south as Wilmington, California. East Cape,
Siberia; Bering Island ; Copper Island, Kamchatka ; Japan (Stimpson).
Low tide to 1 7 fathoms.

PAGURUS SAMUELIS (Stimpson).
Plate v, fig. 7.

Distribution.— Sitka, Alaska, to San Diego, California. Japan (Stimp-
son, Ortmann ; doubted by Holmes).

PAGURUS MIDDENDORFFII Brandt.

Distribution.—1^^ (Brandt); Puget Sound (Caiman); Bering Island
(L. Stejneger) ; Castries-Bai, Siberia (Ortmann) ; Okhotsk Sea (Brandt) ;
Japan (Stimpson).

PAGURUS MINIMUS Holmes.

Distribution. — Off San Diego, California, 30 fathoms (Holmes).

PAGURUS GRANOSIMANUS (Stimpson).
Plate v, fig. 8.

CW^r.— Deep red, with white tubercles on the chelae, and darker red
spines on the carpus and merus of the chelipeds. Ambulatory legs red,
with small white spots ; dactyli with a broad white band at middle.

Harriman Expedition.— Sitka Harbor. Collected by Dr. Coe at
Yakutat ; Hot Springs ; Sitka ; Cape Fox ; Tongass Village.

Distribution.— Unalaska to Ensenada, Lower California. Beach to 15
fathoms.

PAGURUS HEMPHILLII (Benedict).

Plate v, fig. 9.
Distribution.— Humboldt County to Monterey, California.

PAGURUS TENUIMANUS (Dana).

Color.— In formalin, claws yellowish-red, spines lighter. Dactyli and
propodi of second and third pairs of legs spotted with darker red ; carpal
joints with two broad longitudinal stripes of red on upper side.

DECAPODS l6l

Harriman Expedition.— Kadiak; Sitka, 10 fathoms; Sitka Harbor.
Distribution.— from Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula to Strait
of Fuca and Puget Sound. Beach to 1 23 fathoms.

PAGURUS MUNITUS (Benedict).
Plate v, fig. 2.

Color. — In formalin, yellowish red. Second and third pairs of legs of
the same color, with white spots which tend to coalesce.

Harriman Expedition. — Juneau, 50 fathoms (an extension of the
range).

Distribution. — Bering Sea (lat. 56° 56' N.) southward and eastward
to Portlock Bank and Juneau, Alaska; 20 to 138 fathoms.

PAGURUS GILLI (Benedict).

Plate v, fig. 10.
Eupagiirus gilli BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xv, 20, 1892.

Color. — In formalin, orange-red. Ambulatory legs more of an orange-
vermilion, as are also the bases of the antennae. Pits on legs whitish.

Harriman Expedition. — Dutch Harbor, Unalaska; Kadiak; Orca,
Prince William Sound, shore on rocks (W. R. Coe) ; Sitka.

Distribution. — Bering Island, Aleutian Islands; Alaska Peninsula
southward to Revillagigedo Island, southeastern Alaska. Low water to
60 fathoms.

PAGURUS CALIFORNIENSIS (Benedict).

Distribution. — From Santa Catalina Island, California, to Gulf of Cali-
fornia; 8 to 58 fathoms.

PAGURUS SPLENDESCENS Owen.

Harriman Expedition. — Juneau, 50 fathoms.

Distribution.— 'From Arctic coast of Alaska (at Point Barrow) west-
ward through Bering Sea to Kamchatka and Washington. Below low
water to 225 fathoms.

Genus Paguristes Dana.
PAGURISTES TURGIDUS (Stimpson).

Distribution. — Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to Santa Catalina
Island, California.

PAGURISTES PARVUS Holmes.
Distribution.— Whites Point near San Pedro, California (Holmes).

I 62 RATHBUN

PAGURISTES BAKERI Holmes.

Distribution. — San Diego, California (Holmes).

Genus Holopagurus Holmes.
HOLOPAGURUS PILOSUS Holmes.
Distribution. — Off San Diego, California, 25 fathoms (Holmes).

Genus Parapagurus Smith.

PARAPAGURUS MERTENSII (Brandt).
Plate v, fig. 6.

Distribution. — Islands of Kadiak and Atka ; Nootka Sound, west
coast of Vancouver Island; North California; Kamchatka (Brandt).
In the National Museum are specimens from the coast of California
between Lobos Rocks (lat. 36° 26' 40" N.) and southeast of San Nicholas
Island (lat. 33° oo' 30" N.), depth 77 to 266 fathoms. The depth and
locality quoted by Holmes for the specimen examined by him are
probably erroneous.

PARAPAGURUS sp. indet.

Distribution. — From southeast of Chirikof Island, Alaska, to off San
Diego, California; 414 to 877 fathoms.

Family LITHODID^E.

Genus Hapalogaster Brandt.

HAPALOGASTER CAVICAUDA Stimpson.

Distribution. — California : Cape Mendocino to Monterey. Common
under rocks at low tide.

HAPALOGASTER DENTATA (de Haan).

Lomis dentata DE HAAN, Fauna Japon., 219, pi. XLVIII, fig. 2, and pi. O,

1849.
Hapalogaster dentatus STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, 232, 1858.

Distribution. — "Colonise rosso-americanae " (Schalfeew) ; Japan (de
Haan, Stimpson).

HAPALOGASTER MERTENSII Brandt.

Harriman Expedition. — Dutch Harbor, Unalaska (W. R. Coe) ; Fox
Island (T. Kincaid) ; Yakutat and Sitka (W. R. Coe).

DECAPODS 163

Distribution.— From Atka, Aleutians, eastward and southward to
Puget Sound; to a depth of 19 fathoms.

HAPALOGASTER GREBNITZKII Schalfeew.

Harriman Expedition. — Dutch Harbor, Unalaska (W. R. Coe) ; Popof
Island ; Orca (T. Kincaid) ; Sitka (W. R. Coe), extending the known
range.

Distribution. — From Bering Sea off the Pribilofs and Cape Newenham
southward along the Aleutian Islands to Sitka, Alaska ; Bering Island.

Genus Dermaturus Brandt.
DERMATURUS MANDTII Brandt.

Harriman Expedition. — Dutch Harbor, Unalaska ; Popof Island ; Sitka.
Distribution. — Pribilof Islands; Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula
to Sitka ; Bering Island ; 6 to 40 fathoms.

Genus (Edignathus Benedict.
CEDIGNATHUS INERMIS (Stimpson).

Hapalogaster inermis STIMPSON, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N.Y., vii, 243, 1860.
Hapalogaster Brandti SCHALFEEW, Mel. biol., xm, 330, 1892, figs, i and $b,

of the Bull. Acad. imp. sci. St. Petersbourg, xxxv, 336, 1892.
(Edignathus gilli BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvn, 487, 1894.
CEdignathus inermis HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vii, 119, 1900,

and synonymy.
CEdignathus Brandti HOLMES, op. cit., 118, and synonymy.

I think there is little doubt that Schalfeew's species is identical with
Stimpson's. That the number of squamae on the carapace is variable
is evidenced in the small series I have examined. Stimpson's type was
smaller than any examples in the National Museum.

Distribution.— Unalaska to Pacific Grove, California.

Genus Acantholithodes Holmes.
ACANTHOLITHODES HISPIDUS (Stimpson).

Distribution. — Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to Monterey, Cali-
fornia. To a depth of at least 16 fathoms.

Genus Placetron Schalfeew.

PLACETRON WOSNESSENSKII Schalfeew.

Plate vi, fig. i.

Placetron Wosnessenskii SCHALFEEW, Mel. biol., xm, 333, 1892, fig. 6, of the

Bull. Acad. imp. sci. St. Petersbourg, xxxv, 339, 1892.
Lcpeopus forcipatus BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVH, 488, 1894.

1 64 RATHBUN

Distribution.— Aleutian Islands to British Columbia: Unalaska; west
of Amaknak Island, 60 fathoms; northwest of Unimak Island, 43
fathoms (Albatross station 3262) ; Kadiak (Schalfeew) ; Parry Passage,
Graham Island, British Columbia.

Genus Phyllolithodes Brandt.
PHYLLOLITHODES PAPILLOSUS Brandt.
Harriman Expedition.— Dutch Harbor, Unalaska. Hitherto not
known west of Kadiak.

Distribution.— Unalaska to Monterey, California. To a depth of at
least 1 6 fathoms.

PHYLLOLITHODES BICORNIS (Bate).

Distribution.— Esquimalt Harbor, British Columbia, 10 fathoms (Bate).
Perhaps not distinct from P. papillosus.

Genus Cryptolithodes Brandt.
CRYPTOLITHODES TYPICUS Brandt.

Distribution.— Belkofski Bay, Alaska, to Monterey, California. Be-
tween high and low tide marks.

CRYPTOLITHODES SITCHENSIS Brandt.
Distribution.— "From Sitka, Alaska, to Pacific Grove, California.

CRYPTOLITHODES BREVIFRONS Miers.
Distribution. — Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
Perhaps not a valid species.

Genus Lopholithodes Brandt.

LOPHOLITHODES MANDTII Brandt.
Distribution. — From Sitka, Alaska, to Monterey, California.

LOPHOLITHODES FORAMINATUS (Stimpson).
Distribution. — From Victoria, British Columbia, to near San Francisco
and the Farallones, California.

Genus Rhinolithodes Brandt.

RHINOLITHODES WOSNESSENSKII Brandt.

Rhinolithodes wossnesenskii BRANDT, Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imper. Sci. St.

Petersbourg, vn, 174, 1849 (typo, error for wosnessenskii).
Rhinolithodes Wosnessenskii NEWCOMBE, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. Brit. Col., 1893,

28, pi. in.

DECAPODS 165

Distribution.— Kadiak; Port Etches, 12 to 1 8 fathoms; Sitka; Crescent
City, California.

Genus Pristopus Benedict.

PRISTOPUS VERRILLI Benedict.
Pristopus verrilli BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvn, 486, 1894.

Distribution.— Off Pribilof Islands, 688 fathoms, station 3501 ; off
Sea Lion Rock, Washington, 859 fathoms, station 3075; off Cortez
Bank, California, 984 fathoms, station 2919 (Albatross],

Genus Leptolithodes Benedict.
LEPTOLITHODES MULTISPINA Benedict.

Leptolithodes multispinus BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvn, 484, 1894.
Distribtition.—Qff. Shumagin Bank, Alaska, 625 fathoms, station
3338 ; off Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, 876 fathoms,
station 2860 ; off Sea Lion Rock, Washington, 685 fathoms, station 307
off San Diego, California, 822 fathoms, station 2923 (Albatross],

i

Genus Lithodes Latreille.
LITHODES RATHBUNI Benedict.
Distribution.— Q ft. San Simeon Bay, California, 211 fathoms.

LITHODES CALIFORNIENSIS Benedict.
Distribution.— Oft. Santa Cruz Island, California, 155 fathoms.

LITHODES BREVIPES Milne Edwards and Lucas.

Lithodes brevipes MILNE EDWARDS and LUCAS, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris,
11,465, pis. xxiv-xxvn, 1841. — BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvn,
484, 1894.

Lithodes camtschaticus RICHTERS, Abh. Senck. Natur. Ges., Frankfurt, XIII,
404, plate, figs. 9, 10, 1884.

Distribution.— Bering Island; St. Paul Island, Pribilofs; off the
Pribilofs, 25 to 47 fathoms; Unalaska; Kamchatka; Okhotsk Sea.

LITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS (Tilesius).

Maja camtschatica TILESIUS, Mem. Acad. Imper. Sci. St. Petersbourg, v, 1812,

p. 336, pis. v and vi (1815).
Lithodes camptschensis LATREILLE, Cuvier's Regne Animal, 2nd ed., IV, p.

65, 1829.
Lithodes spinosissimus BRANDT, Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imper. Sci. St.

Petersbourg, vii, 172, 1849 (young). — STIMPSON, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist.,

vi, 478, 1857.

1 66 RATHBUN

Harriman Expedition. — Kadiak; Orca. Young specimens only.

Distribution. — Bering Sea (from Norton Sound) to Aleutian Islands to
Orca, Prince William Sound, 5 to 49 fathoms. Kamchatka ; Okhotsk Sea ;
Japan.

LITHODES ^EQUISPINA Benedict.
Lithodes eeguispinns BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 481, 1894,

Distribution. — Bering Sea (off the Pribilof Islands and north of Un-
alaska), 150 to 406 fathoms.

LITHODES COUESI Benedict.
Lithodes couesi BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvn, 481, 1894.

Distribution. — North of Unalaska and off Shumagin Bank, 399 and
625 fathoms.

Family GALATHEID^E.

Genus Pleuroncodes Stimpson.

PLEURONCODES PLANIPES Stimpson.

Distribution.— From 90 miles southwest of San Francisco, California,
to 150 miles southwest of Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.

Genus Galathea Fabricius.
GALATHEA CALIFORNIENSIS Benedict.

Galathea californiensis BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvi, 247, fig. i,
1902.

Distribution.— Off Santa Cruz Island, California, 150 fathoms.

Genus Munida Leach.
MUNIDA QUADRISPINA Benedict.

Distribution. — From Sitka, Alaska, to San Diego, California, 50 to 559
fathoms.

Probably the species designated by Owen as M. gregaria.

Genus Munidopsis Whiteaves.
MUNIDOPSIS HYSTRIX Faxon.

Munidopsis hystrix FAXON, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxiv, 183, 1893; Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zool., xvm, 89, pi. xix, fig. i, 1895.

Distribution. — From off Anacapa Island, California, to off Acapulco,
Mexico ; 364 to 680 fathoms.

DECAPODS 167

MUNIDOPSIS BERINGANA Benedict.

Munidopsis beringana BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvi, 279, fig. 23,
1902.

Distribution. — Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands, 1771 fathoms.

MUNIDOPSIS VERRILLI Benedict.

Munidopsis verrilli BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvi, 291, fig. 34,
1902.

Distribution.— California: Off Cortez Bank and off San Diego, 984
and 822 fathoms.

MUNIDOPSIS QUADRATA Faxon.

Munidopsis quadrata FAXON, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., xvin, 97, pi. xxin,
fig. i, 1895, and synonymy.

Distribution. — ~From off Destruction Island, Washington, to Tres
Marias Islands, Mexico. Usually between 339 and 859 fathoms; also
at 47 and 60 fathoms, off Wilmington, California, and Los Coronados
Islands, respectively.

MUNIDOPSIS ASPERA (Henderson).

Elasmonotus asper HENDERSON, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), xvi, 416, 1885;

Kept. Challenger Anomura, 163, pi. xix, fig. 4, 1888.
Munidopsis aspera FAXON, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV, 188, 1893; Mem.

Mus. Comp. Zool., xvni, 96, 1895.

Distribution. — From north of San Clemente Island, California, to
Straits of Magellan ; Galapagos ; 69 to 782 fathoms. Brazil, 1500 fathoms
(Henderson).

Family ALBUNEID&.

Genus Blepharipoda Randall.
BLEPHARIPODA OCCIDENTALS Randall.

Blepharipoda occidentalis RANDALL, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vm, 131,
pi. vi, 1839.

Distribution. — From San Francisco, California (D. S. Jordan), to San
Quentin Bay and Rosalia Bay, Lower California.

Genus Lepidopa Stimpson.
LEPIDOPA MYOPS Stimpson.

Distribution. — From San Diego, California, to Cape St. Lucas, Lower
California.

1 68 RATHBUN

Family HIPPID&.
Genus Emerita Gronovius, Benedict.
EMERITA ANALOGA (Stimpson).

Hippa analoga STIMPSON, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 85, 1857. For
synonymy, see Holmes.

Distribution. — According to Holmes, this species extends from Oregon
to Panama. The collections in the National Museum range from
Drake Bay, California, to San Bartolome Bay, Lower California, and
from Peru to Chile. The intermediate region (from Lower California to
Panama) is represented by E. emerita (Fabricius), which occurs also on
the Atlantic side of tropical America.

Family PORCELLANID^E.

Genus Petrolisth.es Stimpson.

PETROLISTHES CINCTIPES (Randall).

Distribution. — From Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to the Gulf
of California.

PETROLISTHES ERIOMERUS Stimpson.
Distribution. — From Humboldt Bay to Pacific Grove, California.

Genus Pachycheles Stimpson.

PACHYCHELES RUDIS Stimpson.
Plate vi, fig. 6.

Distribution. — British Columbia to Santa Catalina Island, California;
Lower California (Lockington).

PACHYCHELES PUBESCENS Holmes.
Distribution. — California, from Humboldt County to the Farallones.

Suborder BRACHYURA.

Family DORIPPID&.

Genus Clythrocerus A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier.

CLYTHROCERUS PLANUS (Rathbun).

Plate ix, fig. 4.
Cyclodorippe plana RATHBUN, Amer. Nat., xxxiv, 519, 1900.

DECAPODS 169

Carapace subcircular, a little broader than long; dorsally flat, finely
granulate, the granules larger toward the outer margin; gastric and
cardiac-intestinal regions bounded by deep grooves. The front is occu-
pied by two triangular lobes, each tipped with a blunt tooth, and sepa-
rated from each other by a broad V-shaped sinus, which is prolonged on
the dorsal surface by a broad, shallow depression continued to the gastric
region ; outer margin of each lobe slightly concave. Outer orbital tooth
narrow, blunt, well marked. A little in front of the middle of the lateral
margin is a tooth somewhat larger than the orbital, and directed forward
and slightly outward. At one third the distance from the orbital to this
branchial tooth is a much smaller triangular tooth directed outward.
The antennulse are hidden under the carapace. The basal segment of
the antennae is moderately enlarged. The anterior end of the buccal
cavern and of the merus of the outer maxillipeds project slightly in front
of the median sinus of the front.

Chelipeds equal, rather short, stout, coarsely scabrous-granulate. Merus
stout, unarmed. Carpus broader than long, having a shallow, plate-like
blunt tooth along its outer surface, a short blunt tooth at inner angle.
The palm is about as broad as long, bears a stout blunt spine or tooth
on the outer side at the articulation of the carpus, and a lower, less
conspicuous tooth at the articulation of the fingers ; two feebly marked
carinae, one connecting the two teeth, the other lower down. The digits
are longer than the upper margin of the palm, bent down, not gaping,
the pollex much stouter than the dactylus, edges denticulate ; the pollex
has a superior longitudinal groove ; its inner superior margin is subacute
and continuous with that of the palm. Second pair of feet about twice
as long as the carapace, dactylus longer than propodus. Third pair
exceeding the second by half the length of the dactylus. Last two pairs
of feet missing.

Color. — Carapace speckled with small black spots, in alcohol.

Dimensions. — Length of carapace of male, to end of horns, 3.4 mm.,
width 3.7 mm. Length of female 2.8 mm., width 3 mm.

Type locality.— Southern California, either at Catalina Harbor or
Monterey (probably the former) ; W. H. Ball ; i $ , i ? (Cat. No.
14,256).

Additional specimen. — A female corresponding to the above was
dredged in 1863 at Catalina Island by Dr. J. G. Cooper. With it is a
male (Plate ix, fig. 5) a little larger and as long as wide (4.3 mm.
long to end of horns and 4.2 mm. wide), which differs notably in the
following particulars: The frontal lobes are prolonged in cylindrical
blunt spines; the upper orbital margin has an inner rectangular sinus,

1 70 RATHBUN

while the fissure next the outer tooth is larger than in the typical form ;
the first tooth of the lateral margin is nearer the posterior tooth than it is
to the orbital tooth; the surface is more uneven, and more coarsely
granulate. The legs are absent. I think the differences are not those of
age, and indicate a distinct species, to which, however, I hesitate to give
a name on account of the poor condition of the specimen.

Family LEUCOSIID^E.

Genus Randallia Stimpson.

RANDALLIA ORNATA (Randall).

Distribution. — From Mendocino County, California, to Magdalena Bay,
Lower California; 5^ to 51 fathoms.

Varies greatly in the prominence of the granules on the carapace.

RANDALLIA BULLIGERA Rathbun.

Distribution. — Off San Diego, California, 30 fathoms, and Magdalena
Bay, Lower California, 12 fathoms.

Genus Philyra Leach.
PHILYRA PISUM de Haan.
Distribution.— ~P\iigtt Sound; Japan; Korea; Philippine Islands.

Only one specimen of this species has been taken in Puget Sound, as
noted by Caiman.1

Family CALAPPID^E.

Genus Platymera Milne Edwards.

PLATYMERA GAUDICHAUDII Milne Edwards.

Distribution. — From the Farallones, California, to Panama; Chile;
26 to 218 fathoms.

Family PARTHENOPID^E. *

Genus Heterocrypta Stimpson.

HETEROCRYPTA OCCIDENTALS (Dana).

Distribtition.—from Gulf of the Farallones to San Diego, California,
and Los Coronados Islands; 13 to 36 fathoms.

lAnn. N. Y. Acad. Sci., xi, 262, 1898.

2 Leiolambrus punctatissimus (Owen) is not known to occur north of latitude
27° 45' N.

DECAPODS 171

Family MAIID^E.
Genus Podochela Stimpson.

PODOCHELA HEMPHILLII (Lockington).
Plate x, fig. 2.

Distribution.— From San Luis Obispo, California, to Gulf of California.
Recorded from 8 to 47 fathoms, and perhaps occurs in shallower water.

Genus Anasimus A. Milne Edwards.

ANASIMUS ROSTRATUS Rathbun.
Plate x, fig. 4.

Distribution. — Southern California (either at Catalina Harbor or
Monterey) ; northwest of Cerros Island, Lower California, 58 fathoms.

Genus Erileptus Rathbun.

ERILEPTUS SPINOSUS Rathbun.
Plate x, fig. i.

Distribution. — Off San Diego, California, 36 fathoms; also southern
California (either at Catalina Harbor or Monterey). (W. H. Ball.)

Genus Inachoides Milne Edwards and Lucas.
INACHOIDES MAGDALENENSIS Rathbun.

Distribution. — From Wilmington, California, to Gulf of California;
3^ to 66 fathoms.

Genus Oregonia Dana.

OREGONIA GRACILIS Dana.

Harriman Expedition.— Dutch Harbor, Unalaska; Juneau; Sitka.
Distribution. — From Bering Sea at Nunivak and Bering Island, to
northern California; 5 to 135 fathoms.

OREGONIA BIFURCA Rathbun.

Plate vi, fig. 5.
Oregonia bifurca RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 885, 1902.

Carapace about three fourths as wide as long (rostrum included) ;
width between tips of postorbital spines two thirds of the branchial width.
Branchio-hepatic constriction very slight. Surface of carapace covered
with tubercles from which proceed long yellow hairs, curved at the tips,
making a tolerably thick coating. Rostrum not divided quite to the base ;

1 72 RATHBUN

horns slender, divergent, their outer margins almost longitudinal, their
length along the inner margin about one eighth of the entire length of
the carapace. Supraocular eave extending laterally not quite so far as
in O. gracilis. Postocular spine narrow, as in O. gracilis, and directed
a little more forward than in that species. The interantennular spine is
curved a little more forward than in O. gracilis. Eyes a little stouter than
in that species. Basal segment of antenna armed along its outer margin
with one stout blunt subterminal spine and three small spines, one of which
is at the anterior angle, and along its inner margin with one or two
tubercles. Outer maxillipeds as in O. gracilis. Lower surface pubescent.

Chelipeds of the female of moderate size, one and a half times as long
as carapace, subequal, shaped much as in O. gracilis. Inner surface of
merus bordered by short blunt spines. Propodus slightly longer than
merus, fingers and palm subequal, margins of palm subparallel, fingers
fitting close together, denticulate. Ambulatory legs slender, diminishing
gradually in length from the first to the fourth pair, the third pair being
the length of the female cheliped. The dactyli are contained about one
and a third times in their propodi. Chelipeds and ambulatory legs covered
with long yellow hair, mixed with shorter and finer hair.

Dimensions. — Length of carapace and rostrum 26.5 mm., width of
carapace 19.6 mm., width between tips of postorbital spines 13 mm.,
length of horn measured along the inner edge 3.4 mm., distance between
tips of horns 3.5 mm.

Type locality. — North of Rat Islands, Aleutian Chain, 270 fathoms
(Albatross station 3785), one adult female.

This species, by reason of the character of its orbits, maxillipeds, and
trunk-legs, falls into the genus Oregonia, but differs from O. gracilis in its
spreading horns, greater anterior breadth, different ornamentation of the
basal antennal segment, etc.

Genus Dasygyius Rathbun.

DASYGYIUS TUBERCULATUS (Lockington).
Plate x, figs. 3, 3a.

Distribution. — From Alamitos Bay, Cali-
fornia, to Panama Bay, including Gulf of
California; 4 to 33 fathoms.

A fine series of specimens of this species
was collected in San Diego Bay, 6 fathoms,
by the Albatross (station 3620) ; the largest
FIG. 92. Dasygyius iuiercuiatus. t. male measures 23 mm. long and 17.2 mm.

Station 3030. a. Maxilliped, much en-

larged. b. Side view of carapace (X !§)• Wide.

DECAPODS 173

Genus Epialtus Milne Edwards.
EPIALTUS PRODUCTUS Randall.
Distribution. — From British Columbia1 to Lower California.

EPIALTUS NUTTALLII Randall.

Distribution.— From Santa Barbara, California, to Ballenas Bay, Lower
California.

EPIALTUS BITUBERCULATUS Milne Edwards.

Epialtus bituberculatus MILNE EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 345, pi. xv,
fig. u, 1834.— RATHBUN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 1900, vol. 2, p. 60
(1901), and synonymy.

Epialtus bituberculatus f var. bermudensisV'E.'R.'R.n-.'L, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci.,
XI, 16, pi. i, fig. I, 1901.

Distribution.— Southern California (either Catalina Harbor or Monte-
rey) to Chile ; Indian River, Florida, to Rio de Janeiro ; Bermudas.

Genus Mimulus Stimpson.
MIMULUS FOLIATUS Stimpson.

Distribution.— From Unalaska to Mazatlan, Mexico (A. Milne Ed-
wards).

Genus Pugettia Dana.
PUGETTIA GRACILIS Dana.

Harriman Expedition. — Dutch Harbor, Unalaska (W. R. Coe) ; Kadiak
(Coe); Fox Island (Kincaid) ; Virgin Bay (Coe) ; Orca; Yakutat; Sitka,
10 fathoms; Tongass Village (Coe).

Distribution.— From Aleutian Islands to southern California (Holmes) ;
low tide to 40 fathoms.

PUGETTIA RICHII Dana.

Distribution.— British Columbia to San Diego, California; low tide.

PUGETTIA DALLI Rathbun.
Plate n, figs, i, i a.

Distribution. — From San Pedro, California, to San Geronimo Island,
Lower California ; 6^-30 fathoms.

!The specimen recorded from Kiska Harbor, Alaska, was wrongly determined; it
was overgrown with sponge and proved to be Pugettia gracilis.

1 74 RATHBUN

Genus Chorilia Dana.

CHORILIA LONGIPES Dana.

Distribution. — From 57° north latitude, off Kadiak, Alaska, to 320
north latitude, off San Diego, California; 27-603 fathoms.

Genus Chioncecetes Kroyer.

CHIONCECETES OPILIO (O. Fabricius).

Harriman Expedition.— Yakutat, in cod's mouth; Juneau, 20-50
fathoms.

Distribution.— From British Columbia northward to Bering Sea, thence
eastward to Greenland, thence southward to Casco Bay, Maine; Kam-
chatka; Okhotsk Sea (off Robben Island); 3-206 fathoms.

CHIONCECETES TANNERI Rathbun.

Distribution.— From Bering Sea to off San Diego, California (lat. 32°
17' N.); 29-1625 fathoms.

Genus Hyas Leach.

HYAS COARCTATUS Leach.

Distribution. — Circumpolar; Bering Sea; Kamchatka; Okhotsk Sea,
as far south as Robben Island ; Atlantic coast of America southward to
off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina ; northern Europe ; 7-906 fathoms.

HYAS LYRATUS Dana.

Harriman Expedition. — Berg Bay, Glacier Bay ; Juneau, 50 fathoms.
Distribution. — From Bering Sea (off Kululak Bay and at the extreme
end of the Aleutian Islands) to Puget Sound; 5-110 fathoms.

Genus Pelia Bell.
PELIA TUMIDA (Lockington).

Distribution.— Santa Catalina Island, California, to Magdalena Bay,
Lower California.

PELIA PACIFICA Milne Edwards.

Distribution.— from Santa Catalina Island, California, to Bay of
Panama; 10-40 fathoms.

DECAPODS 175

Genus Loxorhynchus Stimpson.
LOXORHYNCHUS GRANDIS Stimpson.

Distribution. — From the Farallones and San Francisco to San Diego,
California; 6^-68 fathoms.

LOXORHYNCHUS CRISPATUS Stimpson.

Distribution.— from the Farallones to San Diego, California; 4-53
fathoms.

Genus Scyra Dana.

SCYRA ACUTIFRONS Dana.

Distribution. — From Kadiak, Alaska, to San Diego, California. Low
tide to 40 fathoms.

Genus Rhodia Bell.
RHODIA PARVIFRONS (Randall).

Herbstia parvifrons RANDALL, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vin, 107, 1839.

— HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vil, 38, 1900.
Herbstia (Herbstiella) camptacantha HOLMES, op. cit., p. 37, and synonymy.
Rhodia parvifrons RATHBUN, Amer. Nat., xxxiv, 511, 1900.

Distribution. — From San Pedro, California, to Acapulco, Mexico;
30-40 fathoms.1

Family CANCRID^E.

Genus Cancer Linnaeus.
CANCER PRODUCTUS Randall.

Harriman Expedition. — Fox Island (T. Kincaid).
Distribution.— From Kadiak, Alaska, to Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali-
fornia.

CANCER AMPHICETUS Rathbun.
Plate vi, fig. 3.

TricJwcarcinus dentatus MIERS, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 34; not

Cancer dentatus BELL, 1835 ; nor C. dentatus HERBST, 1785.
Cancer amphiaetits RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, 582, 1898.

Distribution. — From San Diego Bay, California, to Magdalena Bay,
Lower California; Japan; Korea; 11^-169 fathoms.

Size.— Specimens from Magdalena Bay, in the Museum of Compara-

^•Libinia emarginata Leach, included in Holmes's list on the authority of Randall, I
have omitted, because so many errors have been discovered in the localities cited by
Randall that the existence of this species on the west coast of America needs verifica-
tion.

1 76 RATHBUN

live Zoology, measure as follows: Male, length 24.2 mm., width 33.4
mm.; female, length 18.7 mm., width 25 mm.

CANCER ANTENNARIUS Stimpson.

Distribution. — Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, to Magda-
lena Bay, Lower California. Shallow water to 7 fathoms.

CANCER GIBBOSULUS (de Haan).

Corystes (Trichocera) gibbosula DE HAAN, Fauna Japon., 45, pi. II, fig. 4, pi.

xni, fig. 3, 1835.

Trichocarcimis gibbosulus MIERS, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 34.
Cancer gibbosulus RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, 581, 1898.

Distribution.— From Granite Cove, Port Althorp, Alaska, to San
Geronimo Island, Lower California; Japan. Shallow water to 40
fathoms.

CANCER ANTHONYI Rathbun.
Plate vi, fig. 2.

Cancer anthonyi RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, in, 1897; Amer.
Nat., xxxiv, 134, 1900.

Distribution. — Long Beach, California (H. N. Lowe) ; Playa Maria
Bay, Lower California.

Size.— Among the specimens taken by Mr. Lowe from the wharf at
Long Beach is a male somewhat larger than the type, measuring 52.1
mm. long and 77.5 mm. wide.

CANCER JORDANI Rathbun.

Plate vi, fig. 4.
Cancer jordani RATHBUN, Amer. Nat., xxxiv, 133, 1900.

A small species allied to C. magister and C. antennarius.

Female. — Length of carapace one and a fourth times width. Surface
hairy and covered with small crowded scabrous granules. Regions indi-
cated by narrow and shallow depressions. Teeth of front and lateral
border not thickened as in C. antennarius ; inner orbital tooth very slightly
produced ; margin of upper orbital tooth almost transverse, scarcely denti-
form. Lateral teeth separated to their bases, tips spiniform and curved
forward ; second, fourth, sixth, and eighth teeth smaller than the others
(the outer orbital tooth reckoned as the first) ; ninth tooth scarcely more
prominent than eighth. No postero-lateral tooth. Basal antennal tooth
and the adjoining tooth of the orbital margin acute. Movable part of
antennae half as long as carapace. The outer maxillipeds overlap con-

DECAPODS 177

siderably the basal joint of the antennae ; merus longer than wide. The
palms of the chelipeds have 2 superior and 5 external carinae fringed
with hair. On the prehensile edges of the fingers the dark color runs
from the proximal end of the fingers nearly to the tip, but on the outer
edges the dark color begins near the middle of the fingers.

Dimensions. — Female, length 15.5 mm., width 19.5 mm., length of
movable part of antenna 7.5 mm., fronto-orbital width 9 mm. A male
is about 20 mm. long, but too damaged for measurement.

Distribution. — Monterey Bay, California (Harold Heath), one under
rocks between low tide mark and mean tide, and three from the sub-
umbrella space of a large violet-and-white jellyfish (type locality, Cat.
No. 22,868). Young specimens were taken by John C. Brown at Pacific
Grove, and by H. N. Lowe at San Pedro, California.

Relations. — This species may have been confounded with the young
of better known species. The young of C. magister has a nearly naked
carapace, the ninth tooth of the lateral margin is produced sideways, the
antenna? are less than twice as wide as front, the merus of the maxilli-
peds is no broader than long, the carinae of the upper and outer surfaces
of the hand are 6 instead of 7.

The carapace of young C. antennarins is also nearly naked (Dr. Holmes
may have had in his hand C. gibbosulus when he described the carapace
of young C. antennarins as thickly covered with hair) ; the teeth are all
much thickened, the orbital teeth prominent, the two underneath being
rounded, not sharp ; the maxillipeds reach only to the base of the anten-
nal segment, the merus not broader than long ; the dark color on the
fingers is more extensive than in C.jordani.

Cancer gibbosulus has a much more uneven carapace, strongly marked
and rounded orbital teeth, a postero-lateral tooth, ninth tooth more
prominent than eighth. Carapace hairy, as in C.jordani.

In C. anthonyi the antero-lateral teeth are low and broad, not alter-
nately large and small, the first 6 having blunt angles ; the inner supra-
orbital tooth is well developed.

CANCER MAGISTER Dana.
Harriman Expedition.— Berg Bay, Glacier Bay.

Distribution. — Unalaska to Magdalena Bay, Lower California. Low
water to 50 fathoms.

CANCER GRACILIS Dana.

Distribution.— Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, to Playa
Maria Bay, Lower California. Shallow water to 56 fathoms.

1 78 RATHBUN

CANCER OREGONENSIS (Dana).
Plate vu, fig. i.

Trichocera oregonensis DANA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 86, 1852;

Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., I, 299, 1852, pi. xvm, fig. 5, 1855.
Platycarcinus recttrvidens BATE, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, 663.
Trichocarcinus oregonensis MIERS, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, 34. —

HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 54, 1900, and synonymy.
Trichocarcinus recurvidens WALKER, Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., xn, 271,

pi. xv, figs, i-ib, 1898.
Trichocarcinus Walkeri HOLMES, op. cit., 53.

Harriman Expedition. — Fox Island (Kincaid) ; Virgin Bay (Coe) ;
Orca; Yakutat; Sitka.

Distribtition. — Aleutian Islands to Lower California (Holmes). Low
water to 238 fathoms.

I am unable to separate from typical C. oregonensis the form described
by Walker under the specific name recurvidens, and later by Holmes as
Trichocarcinus walkeri, because the species displays more variation and
intergradation than was known to those authors. Material from 43
localities has been examined. In a lot of specimens collected by Dr.
Dall at Coal Harbor, Unga Island, Alaska, are not only typical oregonensis
and typical walkeri, but some with sculpturing and teeth intermediate
between the two ; others more deeply areolated than in typical walkeri,
but with teeth as narrow and well separated as in the other extreme of
oregonensis. In a lot of fairly typical oregonensis from the Strait of Fuca
(D. S. Jordan) is one in which many of the granules of the areolse
are prolonged into conical spines. Still another variation is shown
by a single male (plate vu, fig. i) from station 3274 (Albatross},
northeast of Amak Island, Alaska, 19 fathoms, where the lateral teeth
are broader and more overlapping than in the specimen figured by
Walker (loc. at.} ; the granulate areolae are small, round, and raspberry-
like, the interspaces much smoother than usual.

Size. — The largest specimen measured is a female from Puget Sound
(O. B. Johnson), 36.5 mm. long, 47.1 mm. wide.

Cancer oregonensis might well be set apart generically on account of
the antero-lateral margins not being sharply marked off from the postero-
lateral, in which respect it differs from the other species of Cancer, in-
cluding C. gibbosulus and C. amphmtus. The name Trichocarcinus is
not, however, available for the species oregonensis, as the type of Tricho-
carcinus Miers, substituted for Trichocera de Haan, preoccupied, is Cancer
gibbosulus (de Haan). This species I consider a true Cancer (see p. 176) ;
therefore Trichocarcinus is a synonym of Cancer.

DECAPODS 179

Genus Telmessus White.
TELMESSUS CHEIRAGONUS (Tilesius).

Cancer cheiragomis TILESIUS, Mem. Acad. Imper. Sci. St. Petersbourg, v, 347,

pi. vir, fig. I, 1815.
Telmessus cheiragonus BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 224, pis. xxv

and XXVI, figs. 2, 3, and 4, 1892.
Telemessus cheiragonus HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 69, 1900,

and synonymy.

Harriman Expedition.— Popof Island, Shumagins; Fox Island, Prince
William Sound (Kincaid).

Distribution. — Northeastern Siberia; Kamchatka; Kurile Islands;
Bering Sea to California (Holmes). Low water to 20 fathoms.

Note on specimens from the type locality. — Since the publication of Dr.
Benedict's ' Corystoid Crabs of the Genera Telmessus and Erimacrus,'
Dr. Leonhard Stejneger has collected specimens of Tclmessus at Avacha
Bay, Kamchatka, the type locality of Cancer cheiragonus Tilesius. These
specimens are identical with T. cheiragomis, as figured by Benedict ;
otherwise the exaggerated lateral spines and the aculeate front of Tile-
sius's figure would lead one to suppose that his was a different species.

Genus Erimacrus Benedict.
ERIMACRUS ISENBECKII (Brandt).

Platycorystes (Podacanthus) isenbeckii BRANDT, Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad.

Imper. Sci. St. Petersbourg, vn, 180, 1848; Middendorff's Sibirische

Reise, Bd. II, Theil i, p. 83, 1851.
Cheiragonus isenbeckii BRANDT, Middendorff's Sibirische Reise, Bd. II, Theil

i, p. 147, 1851.
Platycorystes isenbeckii RlCHTERS, Abh. Senck. Natur. Gesell., Frankfurt,

xni, Heft 4, p. 402, plate, figs, i and 2, 1884.
Erimacrtts isenbeckii BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 229, pi. xxvi,

figs. 5, 6, and 7, pi. xxvn, 1892.

Distribution.— Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Alaska Peninsula.
Shallow water to 85 fathoms.

Family PORTUNID^E.
Genus Portunus Fabricius.

PORTUNUS XANTUSII Stimpson.

Distribution.— From Puget Sound to Chile (A. Milne Edwards). Ex-
cept for a single specimen taken by the Albatross in Puget Sound,
this species is not known north of San Pedro, California.

I SO RATHBUN

Genus Callinectes Stimpson.
CALLINECTES BELLICOSUS (Stimpson).
Distribution. — Point Loma, California, to Gulf of California.

Family PIL
Genus Cycloxanthops Rathbun.

CYCLOXANTHOPS NOVEMDENTATUS (Lockington).

Plate vn, fig. 10.

Distribution. — San Pedro, California, to Guadalupe Island and San
Martin Island, Lower California.

CYCLOXANTHOPS RUGOSUS Holmes.
Distribution.— San Diego, California.

Genus Lophopanopeus Rathbun.
LOPHOPANOPEUS BELLUS (Stimpson).

XantJw bella STIMPSON, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, 204, pi. V, fig. 2,

1860.
Lophoxanthus bellus A. MlLNE EDWARDS, Crust. Reg. Mex., 257, pi. XLVI,

fig. 4, 1879 (part). — HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vii, 60,

pi. I, fig. 3, 1900, and synonymy.
Lophopanopeus bellus RATHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, IV,

272, 1898.

Harriman Expedition. — Prince William Sound, at Fox Island (Kin-
caid) and Virgin Bay (Coe). This is the most northern locality known
for this species.

Distribution. — Prince William Sound; Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales
Island, Alaska (U. S. Nat. Mus.); Vancouver Island, British Columbia
to Monterey, California (type locality of Xanthodcs hemphillii Locking-
ton). Lower California (A. Milne Edwards).

The figure given by A. Milne Edwards resembles L. bellus more than
it does any of the other species here described; the locality given is
Lower California.

There are on the Pacific coast six closely allied species of Lophopano-
peus ; some of these have been confused with L. bellus and L. leucomanus ;
therefore the published localities from which I have not examined speci-
mens are accepted with a reservation.

1 I have concluded to omit Daira americana Stimpson from the list until it is known
that the species really occurs in California in contradistinction to Lower California.

DECAPODS I8l

The characters most useful in determining the species are given below :

The carapace is roughened antero-laterally, but not conspicuously so.

The frontal lobes are slightly sinuous and oblique, the outer tooth
faintly indicated.

The anterior margin of the third antero-lateral tooth (or tooth N of
Dana) is in line with the truncate margin of the second tooth or the one
coalesced with the outer orbital tooth.

The carpus of the chelipeds is slightly roughened.

The hand is smooth, without a tooth on the upper margin ; the proxi-
mal end of the inner margin of the upper surface is, however, well
marked.

The dark color of the fingers does not run back on the palm.

The carpal joints of all the ambulatory legs are slightly bilobed on the
anterior or upper margin.

The propodal joints have a convex anterior margin without lobes.

Dimensions. — Male, length 22.5 mm., width 33.8 mm., proportion of
length to width i : 1.5, fronto-orbital width 16 mm., proportion of fronto-
orbital width to width of carapace i : 2.11.

LOPHOPANOPEUS FRONTALIS Rathbun.
Plate vii, fig. 8.

Distribution.— $>&& Diego, California. The locality 'Monterey ' cited
for this species is an error.

The carapace is almost smooth.

The frontal lobes are markedly oblique and sinuous, the middle lobes
very convex.

The third antero-lateral tooth is more produced than the second tooth.

The carpus of the chelipeds is smoother than in L. bellus.

The hand is smooth, with a large tooth projecting inward on the inner
side of the upper margin and extending half the length of the upper
margin.

The dark color of the fingers runs back on the palm; in this respect
differing from all other allied species.

The carpal joints of all the ambulatory legs are slightly bilobed on
the anterior or upper margin.

The propodal joints have a convex anterior margin, but are narrower
than in L. bellus.

Dimensions.— Male, length 17.2 mm., width 23.7 mm., proportion of
length to width i : 1.32, fronto-orbital width 1 2.5 mm., proportion of fronto-
orbital width to width of carapace i : 1.9.

1 82 RATHBUN

LOPHOPANOPEUS HEATHII Rathbun.
Plate vn, fig. 9.

Lophopanopeus heathii RATHBUN, Amer. Nat., xxxiv, 137, 1900.
Lophoxanthus leucomanus HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 61,
1900 (part).

Distribution,— Specimens are in the National Museum from Monterey
Bay, California, under stones, mean and low tide mark (H. Heath;
types, Cat. No. 22,870); Monterey Bay (J. O. Snyder); Catalina Island.
Others also from Monterey and Catalina Island, and belonging to the
Museum of the California Academy of Sciences, have been examined.

The carapace is smooth except on the outer half of the hepatic region,
where it is slightly roughened.

The margin of the frontal lobes is slightly oblique, the outer tooth
inconspicuous.

The anterior margin of the third antero-lateral tooth is in line with the
second tooth.

The carpus of the chelipeds is smooth, or nearly so.

The hand is smooth, one tooth on inner side of upper margin.

The dark color of the fingers does not run back on the palm.

The carpal joints of the ambulatory legs have the anterior or upper
margin slightly bilobed.

The propodi have slightly convex anterior margins.

Dimensions. — Male, length 12.2 mm., width 16.5 mm., proportion of
length to width 1:1.35, fronto-orbital width 1 1 .6 mm., proportion of fronto-
orbital width to width of carapace i : 1.42.

While the antero-lateral teeth resemble those of L. bellus, the smooth
surface and the tooth on the manus ally it closely to L. frontalis.

LOPHOPANOPEUS LEUCOMANUS (Lockington).

Xanthodes leucomanus LOCKINGTON, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vn, 32, 1877 (not

X. leucomanus , op. cit., p. 100).

Lophoxanthiis bellus A. MILNE EDWARDS, Crust. Reg. Mex., 257, 1879 (part).
Lophopanopeus lencomamts RATHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa,

iv, 272, 1898.
Lophoxanthus leucomanus HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 61,

pi. I, fig. 4, 1900 (part).

Distribution. — From Monterey to San Diego, California: San Pedro,
Catalina Island, and San Diego (National Museum) ; Monterey, Santa
Rosa Island, and San Diego (Lockington). Types not extant (Holmes).

The anterior half of the carapace is deeply rugose, the roughness on
the hepatic region not divided from that on the two adjacent teeth.

DECAPODS 183

The frontal lobes are strongly oblique, except the outer tooth, which
is not strongly marked.

The third antero-lateral tooth is more produced than the second
tooth.

The carpus of the chelipeds is covered with numerous small irregular
pits separated by reticulating lines.

The upper portion of the hand is pitted and reticulated like the carpus,
and has two or more irregular inward-pointing teeth on upper margin,
the proximal the larger.

The color of the fingers does not run back on the palm.

The carpal joints of the ambulatory legs have on the anterior or upper
margin a very thin crest, strongly bilobed.

The propodal joints are wide, and have a prominent lobe at the prox-
imal end.

Dimensions.— Male, length 8.7 mm., width u.6 mm., proportion of
length to width i: 1.33; fronto-orbital width 7.1 mm., proportion of
fronto-orbital width to width of carapace i : 1.63.

LOPHOPANOPEUS LOCKINGTONI Rathbun.
Plate vii, fig. 7.

XantJwdes leucomanus LOCKINGTON, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 100, 1877

(not X. leucomanus, op. cit., p. 32).

Lophoxanthus bellus A. MILNE EDWARDS, Crust. Reg. Mex., 257, 1879 (part).
Lophoxanthus leucomanus HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vii, 61,

1900 (part).
Lophopanopeus lockingtoni RATHBUN, Amer. Nat., xxxiv, 137, 1900.

Distribution. — San Diego Bay, California, to Gulf of California. Speci-
mens examined from San Diego Bay, 4^ fathoms (Albatross, type local-
ity) ; San Diego (H. Hemphill) ; San Diego (Cal. Acad. Sci.) ; Gulf of
California at La Paz, 3 fathoms, Mulege Bay, and Port Escondido (speci-
mens described by Lockington, op. tit., p. 100, not p. 32).

The anterior half of the carapace is irregularly roughened ; the obliquely
oval granulated patch on the hepatic region is separated from the gran-
ules on the adjacent teeth.

The frontal lobes are slightly oblique, but the outer tooth is well
marked.

The third] antero-lateral tooth is more produced than the second
tooth.

The carpus of the chelipeds is crossed by a few thickened ridges
incompletely reticulating, anterior margin having a thick granulated ridge
distinctly separated by a deep sulcus from the rest of the carpus ; a large
granulated tubercle near articulation with hand.

I 84 RATHBUN

The upper margin of the hand has two longitudinal ridges, the outer
straight, the inner curved and ending proximally in a tooth ; outer sur-
face of hand granulate, the granules tending to form in longitudinal and
transverse lines, and becoming fainter toward the fingers.

The dark color of the fingers does not run back on the palm.

The carpal joints of the ambulatory legs are distinctly but not mark-
edly bilobed on the anterior or upper margin.

The propodal joints have a slightly convex anterior margin.

Dimensions. — Male, length 9.6 mm., width 13.3 mm., proportion of
length to width i: 1.39; fronto-orbital width 7.9 mm., proportion of
fronto-orbital width to width of carapace i : 1.68.

LOPHOPANOPEUS DIEGENSIS Rathbun.
Plate ix, fig. 3.

Lophopanopeus diegensis RATHBUN, Amer. Nat., xxxiv, 137, 1900.

Distribution. — Off Point Conception, California, 31 fathoms (Albatross
station 2908); San Diego, 10 fathoms (H. Hemphill), one male, type
(Cat. No. 4281).

The carapace has a few granulate lines on the antero-lateral regions.

The frontal lobes are slightly oblique and sinuous, the outer tooth
inconspicuous. The front is deflexed so that its true edge does not show
in the view figured.

The second antero-lateral tooth, though small, is dentiform and not
merged with the first or orbital. The third, fourth, and fifth teeth are
prominent, carinate, and subacute.

The carpus of the chelipeds has about 35 unequal tubercles, irregularly
placed, some of them forming lines.

The hand is bicarinate above, the inner carina having a small promi-
nence at the proximal end ; a few tubercles on upper part of inner sur-
face ; upper and proximal portion of outer surface rough with fine granu-
lated rugae.

The dark color of the fingers does not run back on the palm.

The carpal joints of all the ambulatory legs have on the anterior
margin two prominent naked truncate tubercles, by which this species
may at once be recognized.

The propodal joints of the last two pairs have a smaller similar lobe at
the proximal end of the anterior or upper margin.

Dimensions. — Male, length 7. 9 mm., width 11.4 mm., proportion of
length to width i: 1.44; fronto-orbital width 6.6 mm., proportion of
fronto-orbital width to width of carapace i : 1.37.

DECAPODS 185

Genus Xanthias Rathbun.

XANTHIAS TAYLORI (Stimpson).

Distribution. — Monterey, California, to Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali-
fornia. Beach to 55 fathoms.

Size. — Unusually large individuals have been collected at Pacific
Grove, California, by John C. Brown. An egg-laden female measures
24.6 mm. long on the median line of the carapace, and 42 mm. wide.

XANTHIAS LATIMANUS (Lockington).

Distribution.— San Diego, California (Lockington).
Species not seen since Lockington's record.

Genus Pilumnus Leach.

PILUMNUS SPINOHIRSUTUS Lockington.
Plate vii, fig. 2.

Distribution.— San Diego, California, and Gulf of California; 10-22
fathoms. Bay of St. Elena, Ecuador (Nobili).

Genus Heteractaea Lockington.

HETERACT^EA LUNATA (Milne Edwards and Lucas).

Pilumnus lunatus MILNE EDWARDS and LUCAS, D'Orbigny's Voy. I'Amer.

Merid., Crust., 20, 1843, pi. ix, fig. 2, 1847.
Heteractcea lunata KINGSLEY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1879,396 (1880).

Distribution. — San Diego, California (Faxon) to Chile.

Family PINNOTHERID&.
Genus Pinnotheres Latreille.
PINNOTHERESaNUDUS Holmes.
Distribution.— Monterey and Santa Cruz, California.

PINNOTHERES PUGETTENSIS Holmes.
Distribution.— Puget Sound, in branchial cavity of a Halocynthia.

Genus Raphonotus Rathbun

(= FABIA Dana).
RapJionotus RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XI, 1 66, 1897.

1 86 RATHBUN

RAPHONOTUS SUBQUADRATUS (Dana).

Fabia subquadrata HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vii, 87, 1900
(part).

Distribution.— Alaska, to Monterey, California. Specimens are in the
National Museum from: South entrance to Akutan Pass, Alaska, 45
fathoms (Albatross station 2843) ; Monterey, in folds of Lucapina crenulata
(Dr. C. A. Canfield) ; Pacific Grove, from mantle cavity of Mytilus edulis
(John C. Brown).

I believe that the specimens recorded from farther south than Mon-
terey Bay are a distinct species from R. subquadratus. Those seen and
described by Dr. Holmes from San Pedro as Fabia subquadrata are the
species which follows, R. lowei.

RAPHONOTUS LOWEI Rathbun.

Fabia subqnadrata HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 87, 1900

(part).
Raphonotus lowei RATHBUN, Amer. Nat., xxxiv, 590, 1900.

General appearance like that of R. subquadratus; differs as follows :
In R. loivei the turned-down front has no trace of a transverse groove
and is naked ; in R. subquadratus the turned-down front has a shallow
transverse sulcus which is covered with pubescence.

In R. lowei the last joint of the maxilliped does not
reach the end of the penultimate joint, as it does in R.
subquadratus.

In R. lowei the palm of the chela does not widen dis-
tally ; its margins are subparallel or a little convex ; its
lower surface has only one line of hair, which is con-
tinued to the end of the pollex ; in R. subquadratus the
FIG. 93. Rapjwnotus palm widens a little distally, as figured by Dana, and

lowei. 9 . San Pedro ....... r i • i i ' i •

Bay. a. Endognath of is furnished with two rows of hair below, the inner

outer maxilliped (X 8). ..... . , , , - , .,

6. Chela (x si)- one of which is continued to the end of the pollex.

In R. loivei the fingers are less arched and less gaping than in R.
quadratus.

The carapace is also a little wider in our species.

Dimensions.— Female, length of carapace 10 mm., width 12.5 mm.,
length of merus of third ambulatory leg 5 mm.

Distribution. — San Pedro to San Diego, California: San Pedro Bay,
in siphon of Pholas pacifica, collected by H. N. Lowe, for whom the
species is named (type locality) ; San Pedro, in shell of Tapes (Holmes,
as Fabia subquadrata} ; San Diego (H. Hemphill), one of the specimens

DECAPODS

I87

examined is from Pachydesma crassatdloides. Recorded by Lockington
from the same locality, commensal, and collector, under the name of
Fabia subquadrata.

Genus Pinnixa White.

PINNIXA OCCIDENTALS Rathbun.

Plate vn, fig. 4 ; plate ix, figs. 6, 6a.

Distribution.— Unalaska to Humboldt County, California (Holmes).
Shallow water to 238 fathoms.

The specimen recorded by me in 1893, from San Diego, is P. littoralis
Holmes.

Harriman Expedition. — Juneau, 20 fathoms; Hot Springs; Sitka;
Wrangell, in burrows of Echiurus (T. Kincaid) ; Cape Fox.

This species shows remarkable variation in the length and breadth of
the ambulatory legs, especially of the third pair, as is shown in the
accompanying table :

Sex*

Station.

Length of

Width of

Length of merus
of third ambu-

Width of merus
of third ambu-

carapace.

carapace.

latory leg.

latory leg.

ji

2862

7.5 mm.

15.8 mm.

8.7 mm.

2.8 mm.

(&

Wrangell

6

12

S-i

2.1

9

2862

7-3

14-5

7

2.6

?

Wrangell

7

14.2

5-5

3-i

I was at first led to believe that the Wrangell specimens represented a
distinct species, but a reexamination of the entire collection of P. occi-
dentalis shows intermediate forms. It may be added that station 2862,
which yielded the longest and slenderest legs, is also the greatest depth
(238 fathoms) from which the species is known.

Small specimens often exhibit an almost complete absence of the car-
diac ridge.

PINNIXA CALIFORNIENSIS Rathbun.
Plate vii, fig. 3.

Distribution. — From off Point Ano Nuevo, California, to Magdalena
Bay, Lower California; 13 to 51 fathoms.

PINNIXA TUBICOLA Holmes.

Distribution. — From Puget Sound to San Diego, California. Taken
by the Albatross off Point Conception, California, 31 fathoms, station
2908; in calcareous tube of worm, Trinidad, California (Holmes).

I 88 RATHBUN

PINNIXA LITTORALIS Holmes.
Distribution.— Bodega Bay to San Diego, California.

PINNIXA LONGIPES (Lockington).

Distribution.— Tomales Bay to San Pedro, California. In tube of
annelid (Clymenella).

PINNIXA FABA (Dana).

Distribution.— From Sitka, Alaska, to San Pedro, California. In shells
of large bivalve mollusks, and in the cloaca of a large holothurian,
Liosoma arenata Stimpson.

Genus Scleroplax Rathbun.

SCLEROPLAX GRANULATA Rathbun.

Plate vn, fig. 5.

Distribution.— From Bodega Bay, California, to Ensenada, Lower
California.

Genus Parapinnixa Holmes.

PARAPINNIXA AFFINIS Holmes.

\

Distribution.— Deadman Island, San Pedro, California.

Genus Cryptophrys Rathbun.

CRYPTOPHRYS CONCHARUM Rathbun.

Plate vii, fig. 6.

Distribution.— From Puget Sound to San Diego,
California. From mantle of Mya arenaria Lin-
Fio.94. Cryptophrys con- naeus, Cardita borealis Conrad, and Mytilus edulis

charuttt. Outer maxillipeds

(X8). Pacific Grove, Calif. LinnffiUS.

Genus Opisthopus Rathbun.

OPISTHOPUS TRANSVERSUS Rathbun.

Plate ix, fig. 2.

Distri&utwn.—From Monterey to San Diego, California.
In Lucapina crenulata Sowerby, siphon of Pholas, and
mantle cavity of Mytilus edulis. The suture dividing the
ischium from the merus of the maxillipeds is obsolescent ; thopZs
while in most specimens it is deep on the ventral surface, g*ath 'of
in none is it evident on the upper surface. pac/KoS 6|)'

DECAPODS 189

Family GRAPSID&.

Genus Pachygrapsus Randall.

PACHYGRAPSUS CRASSIPES Randall.

Distribution. — From Oregon to Gulf of California; Japan; Korea.
The locality Sandwich Islands, given by Randall, is too doubtful to be
relied upon.

PACHYGRAPSUS TRANSVERSUS Gibbes.

Distribution. — From California to Peru; Galapagos Islands; Oriental
region; West Africa; Bermudas; Bahamas and Florida Keys to Rio
de Janeiro.

Genus Hemigrapsus Dana.

HEMIGRAPSUS NUDUS (Dana).

Brachynotus nndits HOLMES, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 81, 1900,
and synonymy.

Hemigrapsus nudus RATHBUN, Amer. Nat., xxxiv, 587, 1900.

Harriman Expedition. — Sitka, 10 fathoms; Metlakatla, Alaska;
Grenville Channel, British Columbia.

Distribution. — From Sitka to Gulf of California.

HEMIGRAPSUS OREGONENSIS (Dana).

Brachynotus oregonensis HOLMES, op. cit., 82, and synonymy.
Hemigrapsus oregonensis RATHBUN, loc. cit.

Harriman Expedition. — Fox Island, Prince William Sound (T. Kin-
caid); Yakutat; Sitka, 10 fathoms; Metlakatla; Grenville Channel,
British Columbia.

Distribution. — From Prince William Sound, Alaska, to Gulf of Cali-
fornia. Fox Island is farther north than the species has been collected
hitherto.

Genus Grapsodius Holmes.

GRAPSODIUS EXIMIUS Holmes.
Distribution. — San Diego, California.

Genus Planes Leach.
PLANES MINUTUS (Linnaeus).

Distribution. — Temperate and tropical seas. Specimens are in the
National Museum from lat. 41° N., long. 141° W., at sea west of Hum-
boldt Bay, California (W. H. Dall, 1871); California (D. S. Jordan,

RATHBUN

1880); Point Loma, California; and off San Diego (Albatross sta-
tion 2928).

Family OCYPODID^E.

Genus Ocypode Fabricius.
OCYPODE GAUDICHAUDII Milne Edwards and Lucas.

Distribution. — The normal range of this species is from Nicaragua
(Gulf of Fonseca) to Chile and Galapagos Islands ; Honolulu (Cano).
Three young specimens from San Pablo, California, are in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology, determined by Dr. Faxon.

Genus Uca Leach.
UCA CRENULATA (Lockington), 1877.

( = Gelasimus gracilis RATHBUN, 1893 = G. macrodactylus BOUVIER,
1895, not Milne Edwards and Lucas = U. stenodactyla ORTMANN, 1897,
part (specimen from San Diego), not Milne Edwards and Lucas.)

Distribution.— From San Diego, California, to Gulf of California.

Genus Speocarcinus Stimpson.
SPEOCARCINUS CALIFORNIENSIS (Lockington).

Plate ix, fig. i.
Distribution.— San Pedro and Alamitos Bay, California.

PLATE I.

FlG. I. Pandalopsis aleulica.

$ , X f • Albatross station 3480.

2. Pandalopsis dispar.

9 , X |. Albatross station 3675.

3. Pandalus goniurus.

$ , nat. size. Albatross station 3293.

(192)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE I

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE II.

FlG. I. Ptigettia dalli.

9 , x i£. Southern California,
la. Pitgettia dalli.

$ , X ii- Southern California.

2. Pandalus montagui tridens.

9, X f . ^4 Ibatross 'station 2842.

3. Pandalus jordani,

9 , X f. Albatross station 2949.

4. Pandalus stenolepis.

9, X f. ^ Ibatross station 3464.

5. Pandalus hypsinotus.

$ , X f. Herendeen Bay, Alaska.

6. Pandalus gurneyi.

$,X^. Albatross station 3130.

U94)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS

MELIOTYPE CO.. BOSTON.

PLATE III.

FIG. I. Sclerocrangon sharpi.

$ , dorsal view, nat. size. Albatross station 2842.
la. Sclerocrangon sharpi.

$ , profile, nat. size. Albatross station 2842.

2. Sclerocrangon alata.

(£, dorsal view, nat. size. Albatross station 2865.

3. Spirontocaris gaimardii belcheri.

$ , nat. size. Albatross station 3519.
33. Spirontocaris gaimardii belcheri.

$, nat. size. Albatross station 3519.

4. Spirontocaris arcuata.

9, nat. size. A Ibatross station 2864.

5. Spirontocaris spina.

$, nat. size. Albatross station 2842.

6. Spirontocaris murdochi.

$, nat. size. Albatross station 3650.

(196)

H. A. E.. VOL. X

PLATE

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS

HELIOTYPE CO.. BOSTON.

PLATE IV.

FlG. I. Pagums dalli.

$, X i£. Albatross station 3233.

2. Pagurus rathbuni.

$ , X §•• Albatross station 3519 (chelae foreshortened).

3. Pagurus capillatus.

$ , X f. St. Michael, Alaska.

4. Pagurus brandti.

$ , X £. Albatross station 2847.

5. Pagurus townsendi.

$ , X f. Albatross station 3502 (chelse foreshortened).

6. Pagums undosus.

c? , X iV Albatross station 3638.

7. Pagurus tanneri.

$ , X |. Albatross station 3016 (chelae foreshortened).

8. Pagurus confragosus.

$t xf. Cat. No. 19,228 (chelae foreshortened).

(198)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE l\

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE V.

FIG. I. Pagums setosus.

c?> X HT- Albatross station 3449.

2. Pagums munitus.

$, X f. Albatross station 2843.

3. Pagums cornutus.

9, X f. Albatross station 3608.

4. Pagums kennerlyi.

$ , in sponge (Suberites), X f. Albatross station 3265.

5. Pagums bcringanus.

tf, X ITJ. Albatross station 3234.

6. Parapagums mertensii.

(?» X 1%. Albatross station 2948 (larger chela foreshortened).

7. Pagums samnelis.

$ , X iV Pacific Grove.

8. Pagnrus granosimanus,

$ , X -jV Pacific Grove.

9. Pagums hemphillii.

$ , X A- Monterey (chelae foreshortened).
10. Pagums gilli.

$, X f. Dutch Harbor.

(200)

H. A E. VOL. X

PLATE V

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS

HELIOTYPE CO.. BOSTON.

PLATE VI.

FlG. I. Placetron ivosnessenskii.

9 . Type of Lepeopns forcipatus, X

2. Cancer anthonyi,

$ , X A-. Playa Maria Bay.

3. Cancer amphicetus,

{?, nat. size. Albatross station 3656.

4. Cancer jordani.

$ , nat. size. Monterey Bay.

5. Oregonia bifurca.

9 , type, X A.

6. Pachycheles riidis,

cf , nat. size. Pacific Grove.

(202)

H, A, E. VOL. X

PLATE

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE VII.

FlG. I. Cancer oregonensis.

$, nat. size. Albatross station 3274.

2. Pihtniniis spinohirsutus,

9, nat. size. Albatross station 3026.

3. Pinnixa calif orniensis.

9, nat. size. Albatross station 3133.

4. Pinnixa occidentalis.

$, nat. size. Albatross station 2862.

5. Scleroplax grannlata.

9 , X if- Ensenada.

6. Cryptophrys concharum.

$ , X if. Neah Bay, Washington,

7. LopJwpanopeus lockingtoni.

9, nat. size. A Ibatross station 3591.

8. Lophopanopeus frotitalis.

$ , nat. size. Southern California.

9. LopJwpanopeus heathii.

$ , nat. size. Monterey Bay.
1C. Cycloxanthops novemdentatits.

$, nat. size. Guadalupe Island.

(204)

H. A. E. VOL. x

PLATE vn

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE VIII.

Callianassa goniophthalma.

<?, nat. size. Albatross station 3 198.

(206)

H.A.E. VOLX

PLATE VIII

DECAPODS

LFPH

PLATE X.

FlG. I. Erileptus spinosus.

$ , X 2\. Albatross station 2934.

2. Podochela hemphillii.

cf,X£. Albatross station 2831.

3. Dasygyins tuberculatus.

$ , nat. size. Albatross station 3030.
3a. Dasygyius tuberculatus.

$ , ventral view, nat. size. Albatross station 3030.

4. Anasimus restrains.

9> X 3^. Albatross station 2983.

(210)

H.A.E. VOLX

PLATE X

en
Q
o

Q.

UJ
Q

ISOPOD CRUSTACEANS

OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF

NORTH AMERICA

ISOPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE
NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

BY HARRIET RICHARDSON

CONTENTS.

Systematic discussion of species 213

Bibliography 228

THE present paper contains a list of the Isopods collected by
the Harriman Alaska Expedition, and in addition a number of
species from California received from Dr. William E. Ritter, head
of the Zoological Department of the University of California.1
Five species are described as new. A little-known species,
Idotea gracillima (Dana) is figured for the first time and de-
scribed more fully than heretofore ; and Asellns tomalensis Har-
ford also is redescribed and figured.

FLABELLIFERA or CYMOTHOIDEA.

Family CIROLANID^E.
CIROLANA HARFORDI (Lockington).

jEga harfordi LOCKINGTON, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, Pt. I, p. 46, 1877.
Cirolana californica HANSEN, Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., 6th ser., natur. og math.

Afd., v, pp. 338, 339, pi. ill, fig. 2, 2f, 1890.
Cirolana harfordi RICHARDSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, pp. 822, 823,

1899.

Locality. —Wilson Cove, California (Dr. Ritter and party).

1 Science, XV, No. 367, Jan. lo, pp. $5-65, 1902.

(213)

214 RICHARDSON

Family
ROCINELA BELLICEPS (Stimpson).

JEga belliceps STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, p. 155, 1864.
s£ga alaskensis LOCKINGTON, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, Pt. i, p. 46, 1877.
Rocinela alaskensis RICHARDSON, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., xxxvil, p. n, 1898.
Rocinela belliceps RICHARDSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 827, 1899.

Locality. — Yakutat, Alaska (Harriman Alaska Expedition).

Family CYMOTHOID^E.
LIVONECA VULGARIS Stimpson.

Livoneca vulgaris STIMPSON, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 508, pi. xxil, fig.
9, 1857; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, pp. 88, 89, 1859. — SCHICEDTE
and MEINERT, Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, xiv, pp. 344-349, pi. XIV, figs.
i, 2, 1883-84.— RICHARDSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 830,
1899.

Locality. — San Francisco Bay (Dr. Ritter and party).

Family SPH^ROMID^E.
DYNAMENE TUBERCULOSA Richardson.

Dynamene tuberculosa RICHARDSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 833, 1899.
Locality. — Bodega Bay, California (Dr. Ritter and party).

SPH^EROMA OREGONENSIS Dana.

Sphtzroma oregonensis DANA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, p. 177, 1854-
55; U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust., Pt. n, xiv, p. 778, pi. Lll, fig. 4, 1853.—
STIMPSON, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 509, 1857.— RICHARDSON, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 836, 1899.

Localities. — Popof Island (from fresh water), Yakutat, and Glacier
Bay, Alaska; Grenville Channel and Lowe Inlet, British Columbia
(Harriman Alaska Expedition).

SPH^ROMA PENTODON sp. nov.

Type from Sausalito, California.

Body elliptical in outline ; color dark brown ; surface minutely but
densely granular.

Head situated transversely, with a prominent ridge on the anterior
margin. Eyes placed post-laterally, and composed of many ocelli. First
pair of antennae extend to the posterior margin of the head ; flagellum
eight-jointed. Second pair of antennas reach the middle of the second
thoracic segment ; flagellum composed of fifteen joints.

Segments of the thorax about equal in length, with the exception of the
first, which is somewhat longer than any of those following. The

ISOPODS 215

lateral parts, which are not distinctly separated from the dorsal parts of
the segments, are drawn out in acute processes in the first three segments.
Those of the following segments are more nearly regular in outline.

The abdomen is somewhat broader than the thorax, although this
expansion of the abdomen does not show in a dorsal view. The first
segment is about equal in length to the last thoracic segment, and is
marked on either side by two suture lines
indicative of coalesced segments. The ter-
minal segment is entire, and not produced,
being evenly rounded in outline. The ante-
rior portion of the segment is convex, with
a longitudinal series of four small tubercles
on either side of the median line, the two
series being close together. The posterior
extremity of the segment is marked by a ,

J J FIG. 96. Abdomen of Spluproma pcn-

prominent transverse elevation. A»fr«sp. nov. <x8).

The inner immovable branch of the uropoda is narrow, elongate, and
pointed posteriorly ; it extends to the extremity of the abdomen. The
outer mobile branch is provided on its lateral margin with five strong
teeth. Both branches are of equal length.

The first three pairs of legs are slender, and are furnished with long
hairs. The other four pairs are somewhat stouter.

Ten specimens were collected at Sausalito, California, by Dr. Ritter
and party.

This species is perhaps more closely allied to Sphceroma sieboldii Doll-
fus * from Japan than it is to any of the known species of the genus
from the Pacific coast of North America. It differs, however, from that
species in having a prominent transverse elevation on the posterior por-
tion of the terminal segment, while in S. sieboldii the posterior part of the
segment is distinctly concave ; in having five teeth on the lateral margin
of the outer uropod, while in S. sieboldii there are seven ; in having
fifteen joints to the flagellum of the second pair of antennae, while this
organ in S. sieboldii has a flagellum composed of only ten joints ; in
having two longitudinal series of four small tubercles, one on either side
of the median line on the terminal abdominal segment, while in S. sieboldii
the granulations on the caudal segment form, in the middle, two diver-
gent lines ; and in having the body covered with minute granulations,
while in S. sieboldii the granulations are strong and more prominent.

The type is in the Museum of the University of California. The co-
type is in the U. S. National Museum, Cat. No. 28,768.

1 Notes from the Leyden Museum, xi, pp. 93, 94, pi. 5, 1889.

2l6 RICHARDSON

VALVIFERA or IDOTEOIDEA.

Family IDOTEID^..
CHIRIDOTEA ENTOMON (Linnaeus).

Oniscus entomon LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., I2th ed., II, p. 1060, 1766.— PALLAS,
Spicil. Zool., ix, p. 64, pi. v, figs. 1-6, 1772.

(?) Entomon pyramidale KLEIN, Rem. sur les Crustaces, figs. 1-3.

Squilla entomon DE GEER, Mem. pour servir a. 1'Hist. des Insectes, VII, p. 514,
pi. xxxii, figs, i-io, 1778.

Asellus entomon OLIVIER, Encycl. Meth., p. 253, 1789.

(?) Cymothoa entomon FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst., II, p. 505, 1793.

Idotea entomon Bosc, Hist. Nat. des Crust., II, p. 178, 1802.— LATREILLE,
Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins., VI, p. 361, 1803-4; VII, pi. LVIII, figs. 2, 3.—
(?) LAMARCK, Hist, des Anim. sans Vert., 1st ed., v, p. 159, 1818.—
(?)DESMAREST, Consid. Crust., p. 289, 1825. — RATHKE, Neuste Schriften
der naturf. Gesellsch. in Danzig, I, p. 109, pi. IV, 1820.— KROYER, Vid.
Selsk. Skrift., vn, p. 323, 1838.— MILNE EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., in,
p. 128, 1840. — KROYER, Nat. Tidsskr., n, p. 402, 1847.— WHITE, List
Cr. Brit. Mus., p. 93, 1847.— BRANDT, Cr. in Middendorff's Sibirische
Reise, n, Pt. I, p. 145, 1851. — MEINERT, Nat. Tidsskr., 3d ser., XI, p. 84,
1877.— BRANDT, Comptes Rendus, p. 713, 1880; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
vi, p. 98, 1880.

(?) Saduria entomon ADAMS, in White, Sunderland's Voyage Baffin's Bay,
etc., Appendix, p. ccvii, 1852.

Idotczya longicauda LocKiNGTON, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, Pt. I, p. 45,

1877-

Glyptonotiis entomon MIERS, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xvi, pp. 12, 13,
pi. I, figs. I, 2, 1883. (See MIERS for above synonymy. ) — RICHARDSON,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 843, 1899.

Localities. — St. Michael, Alaska (Dr. Ritter); Yakutat Bay, Alaska
(Harriman Alaska Expedition).

IDOTEA RESECATA Stimpson.

Idotea resecata STIMPSON, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi, pp. 504, 505, pi. xxn,
fig- 7> J857 ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 88, 1859. — MIERS,
Jour. Linn. Soc. London, xvi, pp. 45, 46, 1883. — RICHARDSON, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 844, 1899.

Locality. — Tomales Bay, California (Dr. Ritter and party).

IDOTEA GRACILLIMA (Dana).

Stenosoma gracillimum DANA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, p. 175. —

STIMPSON, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 505, 1857.
Idotea gracillima MIERS, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, XVI, p. 35, 1883. —

RICHARDSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 844, 1899.

Locality. — California (Dana).

The description of this species given by Professor Dana is very short
and rather vague. He describes the body as extremely slender and

ISOPODS

217

filiform, the thoracic segments subquadrate, head quadrate. He refers
to the linear post-abdomen, which is truncated at the apex, three-
jointed, and marked on either side with a suture. The antennae are
described as being a little shorter than half the body, with a ten- to
twelve-jointed flagellum.

No figure of the form has ever been given.

A species of Idotea was sent to the U. S. National Museum by Dr.
Ritter. The specimens, which are eight in number, were collected by
him at Bolinas, California. They are more closely allied to /. gracillima
than to any other known species of Idotea from the Pacific coast of North
America. Until evidence can be given of their distinctness, I shall con-
sider them identical with I. gracillima (Dana).

Body slender, about seven times longer than wide,1 with the sides
nearly parallel. Surface entirely smooth. Color in alcohol uniformly
pinkish. A note referring to the color of the specimens in life states that
they are green, brown, and striped.

Head quadrate, with rounded antero-lateral margins, and a slight
median excavation in the anterior margin. Eyes situated at the extreme
lateral edge and about the middle of the
head ; they are small but distinct. The
first pair of antenna? are four-jointed, and
extend a little beyond the extremity of
the second peduncular joint of the second
pair of antennae. The second pair of an-
tennae are equal to half the length of the
body ; the last two joints of the peduncle
are subequal ; in the smaller specimens
the flagellum is composed of ten joints ;
in the larger ones there are eighteen joints.

The first thoracic segment is short in
the middle but is produced antero-later-
ally on either side ; it is not wider than
the head. The second, third, and fourth
segments are subequal in length and are FlG-97- Uotca graciUim* (Dm*) (x s)-
longer than the first segment. The fifth, sixth, and seventh segments
gradually decrease in length. The epimera of all the segments are ex-
tremely narrow ; those of the second and third segments extend but half
the length of the segment ; those of the fourth and fifth segments extend
three fourths the length of the segment ; those of the last two segments
extend the entire length of the segment.

*The female is figured. The body is somewhat broader than in the male.

2l8 RICHARDSON

The abdomen consists of three distinct segments, with suture lines on
either side of another partly coalesced segment. The third or terminal

FIG. 98. Idotea gractllima (Dana). Abdomen, showing variations in form.

segment has subparallel sides to about the middle, where the segment
gradually becomes narrower to a truncate extremity. On the posterior
margin of the terminal segment is a faint indication of a double emargi-
nation on either side of an obtuse median point.

Legs small and slender and devoid of hairs.

The five small specimens and one large one agree in having the ter-
minal segment as described above. The two larger specimens show the
emargination more distinctly, one of the specimens more so than the
other.

Figures showing all three variations are given.

The specimens agree in all other characters.

Dana's specimens were collected by Professor J. Le Conte on the coast
of California.

IDOTEA WOSNESENSKII Brandt.

Idotea wosnesenskii BRANDT, Middendorffs Sibirische Reise, II, Pt. I, Crust.,

p. 146, 1851.
Idotea hirtipes DANA, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust., XIV, Pt. II, p. 704, pi. XLVI,

fig. 6, 1853.

Idotea oregonensis DANA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, p. 175, 1854.
Idotea wosnesenskii STIMPSON, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 504, 1857.
Idotea wosnesenskii SPENCE BATE, Lord's Naturalist in British Columbia, II,

p. 281, 1866. — MIERS, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, xvi, p. 40, 1883.—

RICHARDSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 846, 1899.

Localities. — Dutch Harbor on Unalaska Island; Humboldt Bay on
Popof Island ; Yakutat ; Glacier Bay ; Garforth Island in Muir Inlet,
and Sitka, Alaska (Harriman Expedition). Beaver Cove on Vancouver
Island (Harriman Expedition). Lands End, Calif. (Dr. Ritter and
party).

ISOPODS 219

IDOTEA STENOPS Benedict.

Idotea stenops BENEDICT, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xn, pp. 54, 55, 1898. —
RICHARDSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 846, 1899.

Locality not given (Dr. Ritter and party).

IDOTEA OCHOTENSIS Brandt.

Idotea ochotensis BRANDT, Middendorff's Sibirische Reise, II, Pt. I, Crust.,
p. 145, pi. VI, fig. 33, 1851. — MlERS, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, xvi,
pp. 32-34, pi. i, figs. 8-10, 1883. — RICHARDSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
xxi, p. 846, 1899.

Localities. — Lands End and Fort Point, California (Dr. Ritter and
party). Humboldt Bay on Popof Island, Alaska (Harriman Alaska Ex-
pedition).

SYNIDOTEA RITTERI sp. nov.

Type from Lands End, San Francisco, Calif.

Body ovate in outline. Color yellow, with markings of black ; terminal
segment almost entirely black.

Head with prominent rounded antero-lateral angulations, at base of
which, and just above the eyes, is a conspicuous horn-like projection,
hook-shaped, directed upward and forward, one on either side of the
head. In the median excavation of the frontal margin on either side of
the median line is a prominent tubercle. Between the eyes and in line
with them on the posterior portion of the head are two low tubercles.
The eyes are situated at the extreme lateral margins on the posterior
portion of the head, and are somewhat elevated above the surface ; they
are black and conspicuous, and composed of many ocelli. The first pair
of antennae consist of four joints, the last joint clavate and fringed with
hairs. The second pair of antennae have a five-jointed peduncle and a
flagellum composed of eight joints ; the third joint of the peduncle has
a prominent tubercle.

The first four segments of the thorax are longer than the last three.
The lateral parts of all the segments are widely expanded, with margins
well rounded. The
lateral parts are not
separated from the
dorsal portion of the
segments, but are

1,1 FIG. 99. a. Head of Synidotearitteri*,?. nov. (X 14)-

firmly anchylosed. b. Hea&oiSynidoteaconsolidata (Stimpson) (X »4>-

The abdomen consists of one segment, with suture marks, one on
either side, indicative of another partly coalesced segment. The abdo-

22O

RICHARDSON

men tapers gradually to a broadly rounded extremity, which is slightly
excavate in the median line.

The seven pairs of legs are but sparingly furnished with hairs. The
upper half of the opercular valve is black, the lower half yellow.

There are three longitudinal lines of low swellings on the body, one
median, the other two placed one on either side of the median line.

Only one specimen was taken at Lands End,
California, by Dr. Ritter and party.

This species is closely allied to Synidotea con-

__^ solidata (Stimpson),1 but differs from that species

( ~^ in the shape and greater size of the tubercles in

C^- S. front of the eyes, the tubercles being hook-shaped
_ J) and very prominent in S. ritteri and projecting
far in front of the -anterior margin of the head,
while in S. consolidata they are small (Stimpson
speaks of them as being minute), are not hooked,
and do not project any considerable distance in
front of the anterior margin of the head; in the
greater size of the two median tubercles on the
anterior division of the head (Stimpson does not
mention these tubercles in his description, but in
. the specimens sent to the U. S. National Mu-

FIG. ioo. Syniiiotca ntten *

sp. nov. <x 10). seum from Pacific Grove, California, by Mr. J.

O. Snyder, and which Dr. James E. Benedict has identified with S. con-
solidata and figured in his paper on the genus Synidotea? these tuber-
cles are present, but

very minute) ; in the r >. ^ --^

shape of the terminal Lx-"""" ~"\/ 1 ./" %>\ /

segment of the body, it
being much broader,
and tapering very grad-
ually to a broadly
rounded extremity,
which has a slight me-
dian notch or excavation
in S. ritteri, while in S. consolidata the terminal segment of the body is
narrower and tapers to an extremity marked by two pronounced teeth
or angulations separated by a deep median notch.

Specimens of the same size were taken in making the above comparisons.

IProc. Calif. Acad. Sci., I, p. 97, 1856; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 503, 1857.
2Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 393, 1897.

FIG. 101. a. Abdomen of Synidotea. ritteri sp. nov. (X 14).
b. Abdomen of Synidotea consolidata (Stimpson) (X 14)-

ISOPODS

221

ASELLOTA or ASELLOIDEA.

Family JANIRID^E.
JANIROPSIS KINCAIDI sp. nov.

Type from Yakutat Bay, Alaska.

Color of body light brown, profusely and densely covered with black

markings.

Head wider than long; frontal margin nearly straight, with lateral

angles rounded. Eyes large, black, situated some little distance from the

lateral margin. First pair of antennae short ; flagel-
lum consisting of only eight joints in the female, of
ten in the male. Second pair
of antennas lost in all the speci-
mens. Maxillipeds with palp
consisting of five joints, the
first three of which are very
much dilated.

First segment of thorax with
lateral margins straight; epi-
mera rather bilobed, and oc-
cupying most of the lateral Fic..io3. Maxiiiiped (x?7>-
margin of the segment. Second, third, fourth, and
fifth segments with antero-lateral angles produced
into rounded lobes.
Epimera of second and
third segments situated
about the middle of the
lateral margin ; those
of the fourth and fifth
segments occupying
more of a posterior
position on the lateral
margin. Epimera of the
last two segments situ-
ated at the post-lateral

FlG. 102. Janiropsis kin-

caidisy. nov. (x =7)- angles of the segments.
Abdomen broad, gradually becoming

. . FIG. 104. Last thoracic segment, ab-

somewnat narrower toward the posterior domen, and uropoda (x 4')-
extremity. Posterior margin produced in three lobes, two lateral lobes,
one on either side of a broadly rounded median lobe ; the two lateral

222

RICHARDSON

lobes are acute. The uropoda are short, not longer than half the length
of the terminal segment of the body; the basal segment is broad,
quadrate in shape, and shorter than either branch ; the
inner branch is somewhat longer than the outer one. The
middle piece of the operculum in the male is very similar
to the figure given by Sars1 of the type species of the
genus, Janiropsis breviremus. It is produced and greatly
dilated at the distal extremity.

Nine specimens were obtained by the Harriman Expe-
dition at Yakutat, Alaska. They were collected by T.
Kincaid, after whom the species is named. Five females

FIG. 105. Uropod , ,

(x ??)• and four males were collected. The legs of the first pair
in the male are not greatly longer than the others ; they are longer in
the type species of Janiropsis,

FIG. 106. a. Middle piece of male operculum. b. Lateral plate of male
operculum. c. Second pleopod of male. (All X 55)-

The very short superior antennae with few articulations, the greatly
dilated joints of the max-
illipeds, the form and
shape of the middle piece
of the male operculum,
with its dilated tip, and
the shortness of the uro-
poda, which are only half
the length of the termi-
nal segment of the body,
are characters which un-
doubtedly place this spe-
cies with Janiropsis Sars.

Type in the U. S. Nat.

Museum, Cat. No. 28,7 I 7. FIG. 107. a. Leg of first pair (X 41). *• Leg of second pair (X 4').
1 Crustacea of Norway, n, p. 102, 1899.

ISOPODS

223

JANIROPSIS CALIFORNICA sp. nov.

Type from Sausalito, California.

Body narrow, elongate ; surface smooth ; color uniformly whitish.
Head with a prominent rounded median lobe on the anterior margin ;
lateral angulations rounded; lateral margins straight and converging
toward the base. Eyes black, distinct, but small
and simple in structure. First pair of antennae
are composed of six joints and extend nearly to
the middle of the fifth joint of the peduncle of the
second pair of antennae. Second pair of antennae
are about equal to one third the length of the
body ; the flagellum is composed of nineteen or
twenty joints.

The first thoracic segment is but little wider
than the head; the margins are entire, lateral
lobes rounded. The second segment has the lat-
eral margin straight, with the epimeron showing
slightly along the edge. The third and fourth
segments have the antero-lateral lobe rounded,

the posterior margin straight,
with the epimeron showing
as a rounded lobe. The
fifth, sixth, and seventh seg-
ments have rounded

eral margins, with epimera showing on the pos-
terior part of the segments.

Terminal segment rounded posteriorly with smooth
margins, and a median lobe between the uropoda.

Uropoda very short, about half as long as the
terminal segment. Branches about equal in length
and twice as long as the peduncle.

Legs simple, ambulatory, similar in shape and
pan of body (x 4')- size and bi-unguiculate.

Only two good specimens, both females, were taken at Sausalito,
California, by Dr. Ritter and party. Two imperfect specimens also are
from the same locality.

Until now the only other known species of this genus was Janiropsis
breviremiis Sars.1 As that author has pointed out, this genus differs from
Janira, to which it is very closely related, in the much shorter uropoda ;

1 Crustacea of Norway, n, p. 98, 1899.

FIG. 108. Janiropsis califor-
rtica sp. nov. Anterior part of
lat- body(X4')-

FIG. 109. Janiropsis cali-
fornica. sp. nov. Terminal

224 RICHARDSON

in the shorter second pair of antennae ; in the structure of the first pair
of antennae, which have the flagellum composed of only a restricted
number of articulations ; in the structure of the first pair of legs in the
male, these being " remarkably developed, prehensile, much longer than
any of the other pairs, with the carpal joint fusiformly dilated " ; in the
female, however, this pair does not differ from the other legs, all being
ambulatory in character.

JANIRA OCCIDENTALIS Walker.

Janira occidentalis WALKER, Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., xn, pp. 280, 281,
pi. xv, figs. 7-10, 1898. — RICHARDSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi,
p. 859, 1899.

Locality. — Puget Sound (Harriman Alaska Expedition).

Family ASELLID^E.

ASELLUS TOMALENSIS Harford.

Asellus tomalensis HARFORD, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vii, pp. 54, 55, 1877.

Locality.— Tomales Bay, California (Harford).

The description of this form is given in the following concise manner :
" Head a little transverse, narrower than the body. Upper antenna not
reaching to the extremity of the peduncle of the lower. Flagellum of
lower antennae longer than its peduncle. Body narrow in front, grad-
ually increasing in width towards the tail. Peduncle of caudal append-
ages more than half the length of the terminal filaments. Length 2^o
inch."

The description is from a single specimen.

Eight specimens of a species of Asellus were collected by the Harriman
Alaska Expedition at Lake Washington, Seattle. I have referred them
to the above species, being unwilling to describe a new species of Asellus
from a locality so close to that from which A. tomalensis was found, when
so little is known about A. tomalensis. Some of the specimens were sent
to Dr. William E. Ritter for comparison with the type and only specimen
of A. tomalensis in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences.
The result of his comparison is given in the following quotation from his
letter : " About the only difference that I am able to make out is in the
fact that the inner ramus of the sixth pleopods (uropods ?) of A. tomalen-
sis is about half as long as the exopodite, and that neither is armed with
a tuft of hairs at the tip. This is the case with the one appendage
present, but its mate is gone. It is possible that the hair-tuft may have
been broken off, but the tips of the rami themselves are perfectly smooth.
They show no evidence of having lost anything. The fact, however,

ISOPODS

225

that the general hairiness of the Academy specimen is about the same
as that of your specimen makes me suspicious that the tuft referred to
has been removed. The antennae and antennules differ in no essential
respect, so far as I can see. The chelipeds of the type specimen I am,
unfortunately, unable to find."

Description. — Body narrow, elongate, gradually widening somewhat
from the anterior to the posterior extremity.

Head but little narrower than the first thoracic segment and about twice
as wide as long ; frontal margin slightly excavate and without median

process between the antennae ;
lateral margins straight, with
a small lobe on either side near
the base of the head. Eyes
lateral, situated in the median
transverse line. First pair of
antennae reach the extremity of
the peduncle of the second
pair of antennae ; flagellum con-
tains about ten joints. Second
pair of antennae are about two thirds
the length of the body; the flagellum
consists of about 55 joints.

, The first segment of the thorax has

j the epimeral lobes distinct and visible
from a dorsal view at the antero-lateral
angles of the segment. In the second
and third segments the epimera are bi-
lobed and occupy the
anterior portion of the
lateral margins. In the
fourth segment the epi-
meron is a small lobe sit-
uated at the antero-lateral
extremity of the segment.
In the fifth and sixth seg-
ments the epimeron is a
small lobe about the mid-
dle of the lateral margin.

FlG' "liarforftx f™°lensis In the seventh segment
it has more of a posterior position on the lateral margin.

The abdomen is broad, with the sides nearly parallel. Posteriorly it is

FIG. m. Mandible

226 RICHARDSON

produced in the center in a large triangularly shaped lobe with rounded
apex. The uropoda are slender appendages ; the peduncle is some-

what shorter than the branches. The inner branch
is about a fifth longer than the outer branch. The
margins of all the segments, the uropods, and the
legs are fringed with hairs.

The legs of the first pair are cheliform; the
propodus is elliptical in outline, with the inferior
margin straight. The other legs are similar and
ambulatory in character.

The color of the species is a light brown, some-
what mottled.

Family MUNNID&.

MUNNA sp.

FIG. 112. Leg of first
pair of A sellus tomalensis « i . M , i • t * r

Harford (x 28). A very much mutilated specimen of a species of

Munna was taken by the Harriman Alaska Expedition at the Pribilof
Islands. The Munnidae have not heretofore had any representatives from
the Pacific coast. Although it is very probable that the present speci-
men is the type of a new species, it is not, however, in a sufficiently
complete condition to warrant a description.

ONISCOIDBA.

Family LIGIID&.
LIGIA OCCIDENTALS Dana.

Ligia ocddentalis DANA, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust., xiv, Pt. n, p. 742, pi. XLIX,
fig. 7; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vn, p. 176. — STIMPSON, Bost. Jour.
Nat. Hist., vi, p. 506, 1857. — HARFORD, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vn, p.
116, 1877.— BUDDE-LUND, Crust. Isop. Terrestria, p. 264, 1885.— RlCH-
ARDSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 866, 1899.

, California, and San Bartolome Bay, Lower Cali-
fornia (Dr. Ritter and party).

LIGIA PALLASII Brandt.

Ligia pallasii BRANDT, Bull. Soc. Imper. des Natur. de Moscou, VI, p. 172,

1833.
Ligia dilatala STIMPSON, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., p. 507, pi. xxn, fig. 8, 1857.—

S. I. SMITH, Rept. Prog. Geol. Survey Canada, 1878-79.
Ligia septentrionalis LOCKINGTON, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vn, Pt. I, p. 46,

1877.

Ligia stimpsoni MIERS, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 671 (see footnote), 1877.
Ligia pallasii BUDDE-LUND, Crust. Isop. Terrestria, pp. 261, 262, 1885.

Locality. — Lowe Inlet, British Columbia (Harriman Alaska Expedition).

ISOPODS

227

Family TRICHONISCID&.
TRICHONISCUS PAPILLICORN1S sp. no/.

Type from Seldovia, Cook Inlet, Alaska.

Body covered with low tubercles. Color light brown.

Head with sides produced at the antero-lateral angles in large lobes ;
front triangularly produced with
a slight emargination at the apex
of the triangle. Eyes situated
on the lateral margins at the base
of the antero-lateral lobes ; they
are small and black and appa-
rently simple in structure. The
peduncle of the antennas consists
of five stout joints, the last three
of which have the inner margins
beset with numerous strong tu-

FIG. 113. Head and first thoracic segment of

bercular-hke papillae, each sur- Trichomscus papnucomis <x 41)-

mounted with a tuft of short stiff hairs or bris-
tles; the fifth joint is also produced at the
outer distal angle in an acute process. The
flagellum is composed of about seven joints,
the joints being rather indistinctly defined ; the
last joint is tipped with a bunch of hairs. The
buccal mass is very prominent below.

The segments of the thorax are about equal
in length. The post-lateral angles of all the seg-
ments, except the first, are produced backward,
very slightly in
the case of the
second, third,
and fourth, but
becoming grad-
ually more so,
until the last
two segments
show this char-
acter very mark-

FIG. 114. Trichoniscus papilll. FIG. 115. Uropoda and last segment

cornissp. nov. (X 23). edly. of abdomen (X 7?)-

The abdomen is narrower than the thorax. All the segments are
visible in entirety, not being covered laterally by the last thoracic seg-

\

228

RICHARDSON

ment. The terminal segment is triangularly produced, with the apex
somewhat rounded. The uropoda are short, styliform; the outer

branch is the stouter and
extends a little beyond
the extremity of the inner
branch. Both branches
are tipped with a few
hairs.

Only a single speci-
men was obtained by the
It was found on the beach

FIG. 116. Leg of first pair (X 23).

Harriman Alaska Expedition,
at Seldovia, Cook Inlet.

FIG. 117. Uropod

The type is in the U. S. National Museum, Cat. No. of left side (x 77)-

28,772.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

BATE, SPENCE.

1866 Lord's Naturalist in British Columbia, London, n, p. 281.

BENEDICT, JAMES E.

1897 A Revision of the Genus Synidotea. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phila., p. 393.

1898 Two New Isopods of the Genus Idotea, from the Coast of Cali-

fornia. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xn, pp. 54, 55.

BRANDT, F.

1851 Crustacea. Middendorff's Reise in den aussersten Norden und
Osten Sibiriens, St. Petersburg, n, pt. I, p. 146.

BRANDT, J. F.

1833 Conspectus monographic Crustaceorum Oniscodorum La-
treilli. Bull. Soc. Imper. des Natur. de Moscou, vi, p. 172.

BUDDE-LUND, G.

1885 Crustacea Isopoda Terrestria per familias et genera et species
descripta, Haunias, pp. 261, 262, 264.

DANA, JAMES D.

1853 Crustacea. U. S. Expl. Exp. during the years 1838-42 under
the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N., xiv, pt. n, pp.
704, 742, 778 ; pi. XLVI, fig. 6 ; pi. XLIX, fig. 7, pi. LIT, fig. 4.

1854- Catalogue and Descriptions of Crustacea collected in Cali-
1855 fornia by Dr. John L. Le Conte. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phila., vn, pp. 175-177.
DOLLFUS, ADRIEN.

1889 Sur quelques Isopodes du Muse*e de Leyde. Notes from the

Leyden Museum, xi, pp. 93, 94, pi. v.

ISOPODS 229

HANSEN, H. J.

1890 Cirolanidse et familiae nonnullae propinquse Musei Hauniensis.
Vidensk. Selsk. Skn, 6te Raekke, naturvedenskabelig og
mathematik, Afd., 5 te, Kjobenhavn, Bd. in, pp. 338, 339, pi.

Ill, figS. 2-2f.

HARFORD, W. G. W.

1877 Description of a New Genus and Three New Species of Sessile-
eyed Crustacea. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vii, pt. i, pp. 54,

55-

1877 Descriptions of Three New Species of Sessile- eyed Crustacea,
with Remarks on Ligia occidentals, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
vn, Pt. i, p. 116.

LOCKINGTON, W. N.

1877 Description of Seventeen New Species of Crustacea. Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci., vn, Pt. i, p. 46.

MIERS, E. J.

1877 On a Collection of Crustacea, Decapoda and Isopoda, chiefly
from South America, with Descriptions of New Genera and
Species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 671 (footnote).

1883 Revision of the Idoteidse, a Family of Sessile-eyed Crustacea.

Jour. Linn. Soc. London, xvi, pp. 12-13, 32~34> 35> 4°, 45~
46, pi. i, figs, i, 2, 8-10.

RICHARDSON, HARRIET.

1898 Description of Four New Species of Rocinela, with a Synop-

sis of the Genus. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., xxxvni, p. n.

1899 Key to the Isopods of the Pacific Coast of North America, with

Descriptions of Twenty-two New Species. Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., xxi, pp. 822-823, 827, 830, 833, 836, 843, 844, 846,
866.

SARS, G. O.

1899 An Account of the Crustacea of Norway, n, p. 102-103, pi.

XLII.

SCHICEDTE, J. C., and MEINERT, FR.

1883- Symbols ad Monographiam Cymothoarum, Crustaceorum

1884 Isopodum Familiae. iv. Cymothoidse. Tri. n. Cymothoinse.
Tri. in. Livonecinse. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, Copen-
hagen, xiv, pp. 344-349, pi. xiv, figs, i, 2.

SMITH, S. I.

1880 Notes on Crustacea collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson at Van-
couver and Queen Charlotte Islands. Rept. Prog. Geol.
Survey Canada, 1878-79, Appendix D, p. 2186.

STIMPSON, WILLIAM.

1856 On Some California Crustacea. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., i, Pt.

n, p. 97.

1857 The Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Shores of

North America. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi, pp. 503, 509,
pi. xxn, figs. 7-9.

230 RICHARDSON

STIMPSON (continued)

1859 Notices of New Species of Crustacea of Western North
America ; being an abstract from a paper to be published
in the Journal of the Society. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
vi, pp. 88, 89.

1864 Descriptions of New Marine Invertebrates from Puget Sound
collected by Naturalists of the Northwest Boundary Com-
mission. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, p. 155.

WALKER, ALFRED O.

1898 Crustacea Collected by W. A. Herdman in Puget Sound, Pacific
Coast of North America, September, 1897. Trans. Liver-
pool Biol. Soc., xn, pp. 280, 281, pi. xv, figs. 7-10.

AMPHIPOD CRUSTACEANS
OF THE EXPEDITION

AMPHIPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE
EXPEDITION

BY S. J. HOLMES

THE Amphipod crustaceans collected by the Harriman Alaska
Expedition number twenty-two species. Six of these are here
described for the first time. I am indebted to Prof. W. E. Rit-
ter, Prof. Trevor Kincaid, and Dr. W. R. Coe for the specimens
upon which this report is based.

Tribe Hyperiidea.

PARATHEMISTO OBLIVIA (Kroyer).
Three specimens collected at Humboldt Bay, Popof Island, Alaska.

Tribe Gammaridea.

Family ORCHESTIID^E.

ALLORCHESTES OCHOTENSIS Brandt.

Eyes rather small, irregularly oval to broadly reniform. First antennae
nearly as long as the second, the second joint nearly as long as the first ;
third about three fifths as long as the second ; flagellum about as long as
the peduncle and composed of 15-20 short segments. Second antennae
a third the length of the body, the last two joints of the peduncle of sub-
equal length ; flagellum as long as the peduncle. Fourth joint of the
palp of the maxillipeds narrow, curved, but scarcely unguiform. First
gnathopods almost alike in the two sexes, the hand slightly narrower
across the middle in the female. Second gnathopods in the male with
the basal joint stout, much widened below, and concave anteriorly;
carpus small and produced posteriorly into a narrow lobe which is com-
monly concealed between the merus and propodus ; hand large, oblong,

(233)

234

HOLMES

with an oblique, slightly curved palm which is provided with a short
stout spine at the posterior end. Second gnathopods of the female with
the merus produced below into a narrow rounded setose lobe ; the carpus
relatively large, with a prominent, rather narrow setose lobe behind;

FIG. 118. A llorchestes ochotensis. 2gnf = second gnathopod of ? ; other figures from a J .

hand oblong, narrower than the carpus, relatively smaller and narrower
than in the male, but otherwise quite similar ; dactyl less strongly curved
than in the male, and fitting closely to the palm. Posterior margin of the
basal joints of the last three pairs of perseopods smooth. Peduncle of the
first uropods nearly as long as the rami, and armed distally with a slender
spine. Rami of the second uropods subequal, longer than the peduncle,
the inner ramus rather broad at the base. Terminal uropods reaching
about to the middle of the rami of the second pair, the ramus nearly as
long as the very broad peduncle. Telson broad, cleft nearly to the base,
the lobes armed distally with a pair of spines and several setae.

Length 20 mm.

Several specimens collected by Dr. W. R. Coe, at Dutch Harbor,
Alaska. In the larger specimens the last two thoracic and first three
abdominal segments are elevated posteriorly and terminate abruptly,
giving the back almost the appearance of being dentate.

Family LYSIANASSID^E.

TRYPHOSA NUGAX sp. nov.

Type from St. Paul, Pribilof Islands, Alaska (a single specimen).
Body plump and compact. Eyes oval. Lateral angles of the head pro-
duced and rounded. Anterior pairs of coxal plates about twice as deep

AMPHIPODS

235

as long ; the fifth pair about as broad as deep. Postero-lateral angle of

the third abdominal segment nearly a right angle, the posterior margin

of the epimeral plate

above the angle smooth

and straight. Fourth

abdominal segment but

slightly concave dorsally.

First joint of the first

antennae very thick and

somewhat produced dis-

tally over the second

joint; flagellum scarcely

as long as the peduncle,

and composed of six or

seven joints, the first joint

but little longer than the succeeding one ; secondary flagellum short and

rather stout, consisting of four joints, of which the first is nearly as long

as the three others. Second antenna? a little longer than the first pair ;

flagellum not so long as the peduncle. Molar tubercle of the mandibles

situated about midway between the cutting edge and the insertion of the

palp. Inner plate of the maxillipeds reaching nearly as far forward as

the tip of the second joint of the palp, and armed distally with a few

short teeth ; outer plate reaching about to the middle of the third joint

FIG. 119. Tryphosa nugcix.

FIG. 120. Tryphosa nugax.

of the palp, and armed distally and around the inner angle with several
short teeth. First gnathopods with the hand rectangular, not tapering
distally, the palm transverse, nearly straight, and armed posteriorly with

236 HOLMES

a pair of spines. Second gnathopods with the carpus broad and strongly
bulging posteriorly ; hand oblong, with the lower angle produced below
the dactyl. The three posterior perseopods short, the basal joints very
broad and nearly as long as the rest of the appendage, the posterior
margin smooth and furnished with a few very short setae. First pair of
uropods with the rami shorter than the peduncle ; rami of the second
pair about equal to the peduncle ; inner ramus of the terminal uropods
devoid of spines or setae and reaching the tip of the first joint of the
outer ramus ; outer ramus devoid of spines, with the exception of a few
at the tip of the first joint. Telson longer than wide, cleft nearly to the
base, the lobes diverging toward the tip, armed distally with a pair of
spines, and a spine near the middle of the outer margin.

Length 3 mm.

This species may be distinguished from the other members of the
genus by the short first joint of the flagellum of the first antennae. The
depression on the dorsal side of the fourth abdominal segment is much
less deep than in most of the other species of Tryphosa.

Family STENOTHOID^.
STENOTHCE ALASKENSIS sp. nov.

Type from St. Paul Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska (one specimen,
collected by Prof. Trevor Kincaid).

First antennae about two thirds as long as the second ; the first joint of
the peduncle twice the length of the second ; third joint scarcely half as
long as the second ; flagellum not as long as the peduncle and composed
of about ten joints. Second antennae not half as long as the body, the
last joint of the elongated peduncle about the length of the preceding
one ; flagellum scarcely exceeding the last joint of the peduncle and
composed of few segments, of which the first is nearly as long as all the
others combined. Palp of the first maxillae consisting of a single joint,
the distal and inner margins of which are armed with short spines.
Maxillipeds with the inner plates comparatively short and broad, the
lobes armed distally with a pair of short spinules ; outer plate represented
by the projecting inner angle of the ischium ; palp rather stout. First
gnathopods with the merus produced and rounded at the lower end ;
carpus broad, the posterior margin somewhat projecting near the middle,
where a pectinate spine and several strong setae are inserted ; lower pos-
terior angle also armed with pectinate spines ; hand twice as long as
wide, much narrower than the carpus, tapering distally on both sides
from near the middle ; palm armed with short spinules ; dactyl pectinate

AMPHIPODS

237

on the inner margin with fine spinules and furnished with about five short
setae. Second gnathopods with the merus rounded below, the carpus
broader than long, with a narrow, setose posterior lobe ; hand large,

FIG. 121. Stenothce alaskensis.

about as long as all the preceding joints, widening distally; palm
oblique, terminated with a strong spine at the posterior end, deeply
excavated in the middle and having a prominence on either side of the
excavation. Coxal
plate of the first
peraeopods nearly
three times as deep
as wide and about
twice as deep as
its segment; coxal
plates of the sec-
ond perseopods
very large and sub-
triangular. Pos-
tero-lateral angle
of the third abdom-
inal segment pro-
duced backward as

a triangular lobe. FlG- I22- Stenothte alaskensis.

Rami of the first pair of uropods equal and about two thirds the length
of the peduncle ; outer ramus of the second pair two thirds the length of
the inner one, which is considerably shorter than the peduncle ; third

238

HOLMES

uropods with the ramus about equal to the stout peduncle, the two seg-
ments of the ramus of subequal length. Telson oblong-ovate.

Length 6 mm.

In this species the inner plates of the maxillipeds are broader than
is usual in the genus, and the palp of the first maxillae has but a single
joint, a feature which does not accord with the definition of the genus as
given originally by Dana. The other characters of this species, how-
ever, are so much like those of the recognized members of this genus
that I have assigned it to Stenotha rather than institute a new genus for
its reception.

Family PARAMPHITHOID^E.

SYMPLEUSTES GLABER (Boeck).

Amphithopsis glaber Boeck.

A single specimen from St. Paul, Pribilof Islands, Alaska.

Family IPHIMEDID^E.
ODIUS CARINATUS (Bate).

A single specimen was
collected on the island of
St. Paul, one of the Prib-
ilof Islands, in Bering Sea.
The telson in this speci-
men is a little shorter than
in the one figured by Sars
in his Crustacea of Nor-
way, but otherwise the
Alaskan form agrees very
closely with Sars' descrip-
tion and figures. There
can be no doubt, I believe,
FIG. 123. odius carinatus. of the specific identity of

the two forms. The Pribilof specimen is here figured, so that it may be

easily compared with specimens from other regions.

Family GAMMARID^E.
GAMMARUS LOCUSTA Linnaeus.
A single specimen from Garforth Island, Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay.

GAMMARUS PULEX (De Geer).

Several specimens from fresh water on Popof Island and also from a
pond on the west side of Muir Glacier (Kincaid).

AMPHIPODS 239

GAMMARUS CONFERVICOLUS Stimpson.
Sitka, Alaska, and Grenville Channel (Ritter).

GAMMARUS PUGETTENSIS Dana.

DANA, Crustacea, U. S. Expl. Exp., xiv, pt. n, p. 957, pi. 66, fig. r, a-g, 1852.
Dana states that the fourth segment of the abdomen in this species is
acute above, but it is the fifth segment instead of the fourth which is acute.
Dana's figure shows that the second pair of uropods articulate with the
segment which bears the acute dorsal process. Several specimens were
obtained at Garforth Island, in Glacier Bay, by the Harriman Expedition.

CARINOGAMMARUS SUBCARINATUS (Bate).

Several specimens from Wrangell, Garforth Island, and Dutch Harbor,
Alaska.

MAERA DUBIA Caiman.

Several specimens from Popof Island, Alaska, taken from under rocks
on the shore.

Family PHOTID^E.

GAMMAROPSIS TENUICORNIS sp. nov.

Type from Puget Sound (a single male specimen).

Eyes oblong, oblique. Anterior angle of the head terminating in an
acute upturned tooth. Antennae slender, of subequal length, and over
half the length of the body ; the first joint of the peduncle of the first
pair stout and slightly over half the length of the second, which is very
slender and a little longer than the third ; flagellum nearly as long as the
peduncle, the secondary flagellum composed of seven elongated joints
and about equaling the last joint of the peduncle. Second antennae
with the peduncle slender, the gland cone of the second joint elongated
and narrow, last two joints of subequal length ; flagellum shorter than
the peduncle, the joints shorter but scarcely stouter than those of the
flagellum of the first pair. Coxal plates but little deeper than their
segments, the first pair small and armed with several serrations around
the postero-inferior angle, the corresponding angle of the three succeed-
ing coxal plates with a minute denticle. First gnathopods rather slender
and elongate, the basal joint bent forward, the carpus narrow, longer
than the propodus, and widening gradually toward the distal end ; hand
with the posterior margin quite evenly curved. Second gnathopods

240

HOLMES

large and elongated ; hand oblong, broader and much longer than the
carpus, the palm oblique, with a broad tooth at the posterior end and
having a concavity in the center in which a large tooth is situated.
Posterior perseopods rather slender, with the basal joints comparatively
narrow. Uropods slender and projecting backward to about an equal

3ur

mxp

FIG. 124. Gammaropsis tenuicornis.

distance, the first pair with the rami of equal length and a little shorter
than the peduncle ; outer ramus of the second pair shorter than the inner ;
rami of the posterior pair subequal and about as long as the peduncle.
Telson nearly square, somewhat incised posteriorly, each lobe with a
strong terminal spine and several setae.

Length 9 mm.

In the elongated gnathopods this species resembles Megamophust but
differs from that doubtfully distinct genus in having a much longer
secondary flagellum on the first antennae. From Gammaropsis erythroph-
thalmus (Lillg.) this species differs in having more slender antennae and
much more elongate and differently formed gnathopods. It is appar-
ently more nearly allied to G. melanops Sars, but it differs from that
species in having the postero-lateral angle of the first coxal plates
strongly serrated, in having a longer accessory flagellum on the anten-
nules, and in the form of the telson. From G. nana Sars it differs in
having elongated instead of round eyes, in having a long accessory
flagellum on the antennules, and in the form of both pairs of gnathopods.
( See accompanying figures.)

AMPHIPODS 241

Family AMPHITHOID^..

AMPHITHCE HUMERALIS Stimpson.

Two specimens from Puget Sound, the type locality.

A specimen of another species of Amphithce was taken along with the
preceding specimens. It is perhaps of the same species as that described
by Caiman as Amphithce sp.,1 although it does not quite agree with
Caiman's description. As the specimen is a female, it can not be identi-
fied with certainty.

ERICHTHONIUS DIFFORMIS Milne Edwards.
Several specimens collected at Puget Sound by Professor Kincaid.

Tribe Caprellidea.
CAPRELLA CILIATA Sars.
Two specimens from Orca, Prince William Sound, Alaska.

CAPRELLA IRREGULARIS Mayer.
Several specimens from Orca, Alaska, from among Thuiaria turgida.

CAPRELLA KENNERLYI Stimpson.

Several specimens from Popof Bay, Yakutat, Dutch Harbor, and
Kadiak Harbor, Alaska.

CAPRELLA ALASKENSIS sp. nov.

Type from Orca, Prince William Sound, Alaska (a single male).

Anterior portion of the body much elongated. Head with a blunt
spine or tubercle over the eye. First antennae stout, the first joint of the
flagellum about two thirds the length of the second, which is only a little
longer than the third ; flagellum about the length of the preceding joint
of the peduncle and composed of eleven segments. Second antennae
slender, not reaching the base of the last joint of the peduncle of the
first pair, the posterior margin fringed with long hairs; flagellum two-
jointed and nearly as long as the preceding joint of the peduncle. First
segment of the thorax about three times as long as deep ; second segment
tumid posteriorly but narrowed and produced in front of the gnathopods ;
third and fourth segments with a pair of tubercles near the middle and
a larger pair at the posterior end of the dorsal side, the tubercles of the
third segment much less prominent than those of the fourth ; fifth seg-
lAnn. N. Y. Acad. Sci., XI, p. 273, 1898.

242 HOLMES

ment with two pairs of dorsal spines or tubercles ; tubercles on the sides
of the body at the antero-inferior angles of the third and fourth segments
and at the postero-inferior angle of the fifth segment. Palm of the
anterior gnathopods straight jind pectinated with regularly spaced, up-
turned spines ; inner margin of the dactyl furnished with small jagged
teeth. Second gnathopods situated almost at the posterior extremity of
the segment ; basal joint short, broad, distally expanded, and somewhat

FIG. 125. Caprella alaskemis. The posterior thoracic segments were missing
in the specimen figured.

produced at the anterior angle ; anterior margin roughened with small
tubercles such as occur elsewhere on the appendage ; ischium produced
anteriorly into a long, narrow-pointed process; hand narrow, much
longer than all the preceding segments ; the palm devoid of a spine or
tubercle at the upper end, somewhat tumid a little below the middle of
the hand, and armed inferiorly with a large narrow spine separated by a
deep narrow sinus from a broad tooth below; dactyl large, rather
abruptly curved upward near the middle, slightly swollen in the basal
half, where the inner margin is furnished with some small irregular
denticulations. Gills narrowly oval.

The specimen from which the description and figures of this species
were made had lost the posterior perasopods and last two segments of
the thorax. In the elongation of the anterior part of the body and the
insertion of the second gnathopods this species resembles Caprdla

AMPHIPODS

243

(zqitUibra Say, but it differs from Say's species in having no spine on
the ventral side of the body between the bases of the second gnathopods,
in having the ischium of these appendages armed in front with a very
prominent spinous process, and in having the palm devoid of a spine at
the upper end. Owing to the two latter characteristics, this species is
one which is especially well marked.

CAPRELLA SCABRA sp. nov.

Type from Orca, Prince William Sound, Alaska (numerous specimens
found among specimens of the Hydroid Thuiaria turgida).

Adult male: Body robust, narrowed in front of the insertion of the
second gnathopods, and scabrous with minute spinules which become
larger on the posterior segments. Head armed above with a prominent
spine, behind which there may be a smaller spine or tubercle. First an-

FIG. 126. Caprella scabra. The three figures of the second gnathopods are drawn
from male specimens of different ages.

^i

tennse scarcely a third the length of the body, the peduncle very stout, the
first joint about two thirds the length of the second and a little longer than
the comparatively slender third joint ; flagellum shorter than the peduncle
and composed of about eleven segments. Second antennae slender, much
shorter than the first, and fringed with long hairs posteriorly ; flagellum
two-jointed and a little longer than the last joint of the peduncle. First
segment of the thorax about twice as long as deep and sometimes armed

244 HOLMES

with a small dorsal spine at the anterior end. Second segment tumid
posteriorly, but narrowed in front of the gnathopods ; the second, third,
and fourth segments are more or less elevated at the two ends and de-
crease successively in length. Second gnathopods inserted behind the
middle of the segment, the basal joint very short and broad, widened
distally, and somewhat produced at the antero-distal angle, the anterior
margin roughened from the small prominences similar to those occurring
on the surface of the body and the other appendages ; merus produced
and rounded below ; carpus very short ; hand oblong, curved backward,
much longer than all the preceding segments ; palm concave, devoid of
a spine near the upper end but furnished with a large spine near the
lower extremity, which is separated by a deep narrow sinus from a tooth
below. Gills broadly oval to nearly round. Posterior perseopods with
the palm occupying over four fifths of the posterior margin of the hand,
and defined above with a prominence bearing a pair of serrated spines ;
carpus with an oblique row of tubercles on the lower edge. Penes
median. Abdominal appendages clearly two-jointed.

Length, 19 mm.

The young males differ considerably in appearance from the adults ;
the antennae are nearly equal in length and thickness and the peduncle
of the first pair relatively less stout ; the first two segments of the thorax
are much less elongated, and the second gnathopods are joined near the
middle or even in front of the middle of the segment ; the hand of the
second gnathopods is oval in outline and convex instead of concave
posteriorly, and is furnished with a prominent tooth at the upper end of
the palm, near which is a small spine on the surface of the hand ; near
the lower end of the palm are two small teeth. In somewhat larger
specimens the hand is more elongated, the palm straighter, the teeth near
the lower end of the palm more prominent ; the upper tooth becomes
more reduced and persists in quite large specimens, but finally disappears.
The different insertion of the second gnathopods in the adult males is
brought about by the elongation of the anterior portion of the second
thoracic segment.

In the female the first antennse are but little longer and scarcely stouter
than the second pair, and the first two segments of the peduncle of the
first pair are not enlarged ; the first segment of the thorax is about as
deep as long ; the second gnathopods are inserted in front of the middle
of the second thoracic segment, the anterior portion of the segment not
being prolonged as it is in the adult male.

The roughness of the body is subject to considerable variation. Some
specimens are nearly smooth ; others, and especially the females, are fur-
nished with short spines on the posterior segments.

AMPHIPODS 245

This species agrees closely with Caprella drepanochcir Mayer in the
general form of the body, the peculiar character of the second gnatho-
pods of the male, the form and armature of the posterior perseopods. It
differs from that species in possessing a prominent spine on the upper
side of the head, in having stouter first antennae with fewer segments in
the flagellum, and in having broader gills. The absence of a spine near
the upper end of the palm of the second gnathopods of the male may not
be a distinction of much importance, as older specimens of drepanocheir
than those which Mayer obtained (he had but four specimens, all males)
might show the same feature. In view of the great variability of the
species of Caprella, I do not feel entirely confident that this species may
not ultimately prove to be but a variety of the one described by Mayer ;
but one has to dispose of it somehow, and calling it a variety of the latter
involves the assumption that the two will be found to be connected by
intermediate forms. So far as can be determined at present, the two
species are quite distinct, and until the contrary is proved it will, I be-
lieve, be best to designate this form by a respectably brief binomial.

CAPRELLA KINCAIDI sp. nov.

Type from St. Paul, Pribilof Islands, Alaska (six male specimens col-
lected by T. Kincaid).

Body stout, scabrous, and spiny above. Head much deeper than long,
armed above with a pair of large spines in front of which is a prominent

FlG. 127. Caprella klncaidi.

median spine. First thoracic segment much deeper than long and armed
above with two pairs of spines ; the three following segments of the thorax

246

HOLMES

less than twice as long as deep and armed above with three pairs of
spines, of which the middle pair is the largest ; fifth segment with two
pairs of dorsal spines, the two following segments with a single pair of
dorsal spines near the middle, the last segment with an additional pair of
smaller spines or tubercles at the posterior end of the upper side. Eyes
small and round. Antennae of subequal length and less than half as long
as the body ; the first pair with the first joint of »the peduncle about three
fourths as long as the second and but slightly longer than the third ;
flagellum scarcely as long as the peduncle. Second antennse fringed
posteriorly with long setae, the last joint of the flagellum but slightly
longer than the preceding one ; flagellum two-jointed and about as long
as the last joint of the peduncle. Gnathopods more or less scabrous

FIG. 128. Caprella kincaidi. Ab.d. dorsal side of abdomen and last thoracic segment;

Ab.v. ventral side of abdomen.

with minute short spinules such as occur on the surface of the body, tha
hand of the second pair broadly ovate and furnished with a tooth at the
upper end of the palm and a smaller tooth a little below the middle.
Gills nearly round. Palm of the posterior perseopods occupying three
fourths of the posterior margin of the propodus, and defined above by a
prominence bearing a pair of serrated spines. Penes median ; the suc-
ceeding abdominal appendages apparently one-jointed.

Length, 7 mm.

This species is easily distinguished from most members of the genus
by its short, stout, subequal antennae, the arrangement of spines on the
head, and the very short first segment of the thorax.

PYCNOGONIDA OF THE WEST
COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

PYCNOGONIDA OF THE WEST COAST OF
NORTH AMERICA

BY LEON J. COLE

CONTENTS.

Introduction 249

Geographical distribution 250

Classification and terminology 253

Key to the species 258

Systematic discussion of species 259

Bibliography 294

INTRODUCTION.

THE Pycnogonida collected by the Harriman Alaska Expedi-
tion form the basis of the material described in the following
pages. They were obtained by those members of the party who
devoted their attention to the invertebrate forms, Professor W. E.
Ritter, Dr. W. R. Coe, and Professor Trevor Kincaid ; I have also
to thank Professor Kincaid for several specimens collected by
him upon a previous trip to the Pribilof Islands, in 1897. In
addition to the above, the Pycnogonida in the collection of the
University of California, from various places along the California
coast, were placed at my disposal. Finally several lots, also from
California, were turned over to me by Dr. S. J. Holmes, to whom
I am indebted for many courtesies. I have been generously
permitted to include descriptions of all these forms, so that,
with the exception of two previous notes, each describing a
new species, of which one is included in the present collections,
all that has been written on the littoral Pycnogonida of the
west coast of North America will be found in this paper.

(249)

250 COLE

Of the two species previously described from the Pacific coast
the first was established by Stimpson ('64) from a single speci-
men, which he called Ammothea longicaudata, collected in Puget
Sound by the Northwest Boundary Commission. Stimpson's
description of the species is preliminary and indeterminate; the
fuller description and figures were never published. In 1892
Ives ('92) described a species of Pycnogonum from San Diego,
California, which he named Pycnogonum stcarnsi, after the collec-
tor. These constitute the references to the shore forms on the
Pacific coast of North America. Schimkewitsch ('93) has de-
scribed the deep-sea specimens collected by the Albatross in the
Gulf of California and to the southward, none of which was
taken in less than 660 fathoms of water, and in a previous paper
(Schimkewitsch, '89) he describes the collections of the Vettor
Pisani, a part of which were made in the Gulf of Panama and at
various places along the coast of South America. On the Atlantic
coast of North America the chief systematic work has been done
by Wilson ('78% '78b, '80, and '81).

The collections here reported comprise altogether 108 speci-
mens, of which 42 are adult males, 39 adult females, and 27
immature specimens. These represent 13 species, included in
9 genera. Specimens of all these species have been deposited
in the Museum of the University of California, including the
type specimens of those species which are here described for the
first time. Duplicates, so far as possible, will be deposited in the
United States National Museum.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.

The available data are so meager that no very general conclu-
sions can be drawn respecting the distribution of Pycnogonida
on the Pacific coast. It may be worth while, however, to con-
sider the question briefly, and to compare the results with what
is known of the distribution of other groups in that region. The
accompanying table shows graphically the distribution of the
Pycnogonida known from the west coast, including the species
reported from Puget Sound, which may possibly be synonymous
with one of the species of Ammothea reported from Alaska.

PYCNOGONIDS

251

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TABLE SHOWING

Ammothea pribilofensis .

Ammothea latifrons . .

"B • "S • "S

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5^ ** ti ^ ;<
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Ammothea gracilipes . .

Clotenia occidentalis .

Anoplodactylns erectus . .

Ammothella spinifera. .

Tanystylum intermedium

2$2 COLE

In the table the localities are arranged in order from the north
and west toward the east and south, from Bering Sea to southern
California. The species are similarly arranged in the order of
their first occurrence in the list of localities. It will be noticed
that there is a great gap in the series of localities extending the
whole distance from Prince William Sound, Alaska, to northern
California, except for the single record of Stimpson at Puget
Sound. This gap is indicated in the table by double lines.

It seems at first surprising that more of the species are not
identical with North Atlantic forms; but when it is taken into
account that only four species have been found to the northward
on the Pacific side, and that one of these, PhoxicJiilidium femora-
turn Rathke, is circumpolar, being found also on the coasts of
northern Europe, the proportion does not appear so small. Fur-
thermore, twoother of the four species, Ammothea latifrons and
Ammothea alaskensis, correspond fairly closely to the European
forms Ammothea echinata (Hodge) and Ammothea Icevis (Hodge)
respectively, and it is not unlikely that they have been differen-
tiated from common circumpolar types.

In discussing the distribution of the Hydroids collected by the
Harriman Alaska Expedition, Nutting (: 01) takes exception to
the definition of the Pacific faunal areas made by Dall ('76) in
'An Introductory Note to the Report on Alaskan Hydroids, by
Mr. Clark.' Dall extended what he called the Oregonian Fauna
from Monterey to the Shumagin Islands ; Nutting would not
extend this southern fauna farther northward than about the
region of Puget Sound. Then, instead of a break at the Shu-
magin Islands with a distinct fauna beyond (called the Aleutian
by Dall), the results of further research would seem to show that
from Puget Sound to the Aleutian Islands the fauna is fairly con-
tinuous and homogeneous, and to this Nutting has applied the
name Alaskan Fauna. Reasoning from the close relation existing
between Pycnogonida and Hydroid colonies, the former being so
often found with and perhaps obtaining their food from the latter,
and the larvae, in some cases at least, being known to be parasitic
upon the Hydroids, either living within the gastral cavity (Dohrn,
'81, p. 76) or attached to the outside with the proboscis buried in
the body of the host (von Lendenfeld, '83), it would not be at all

PYCNOGONIDS 253

surprising if a correlation were found in their distribution. In this
connection the results presented in the table may have some bear-
ing on the question of a line of demarcation at the Shumagin
Islands. The evidence does not favor such a distinction, for it
will be noticed that of the two forms obtained at Orca, both are
found at Popof Island, and one of them at Unalaska, still farther

west.

As might perhaps be expected, all the species from California
are different from those found in Alaska; but in determining the
position of the dividing line between the two faunas the data at
hand give no help, although, as Nutting supposes, it is not at all
unlikely that the line is not far to the southward of Puget Sound.

The fauna of the California coast is in some respects strikingly
like that of the Gulf of Naples. For instance, two representatives
of the genus Ammothella are found along the coast of that State,
and none to the northward, while of the other four species which
apparently belong to this genus (see p. 273), but which have here-
tofore been referred to the unrestricted genus Ammothea, three
are recorded from Naples by Dohrn (J8i), and one from the Ber-
mudas by Verrill (: 00). The genus Clotenia is known only from
the original species, C. conirostris Dohrn, from Naples, and C.
occidentalis from Pacific Grove, California. This similarity in the
faunas of the two places is probably brought about merely by the
similarity in temperature rather than by any direct faunal relation,
as a similarity can be found between the forms occurring on the
coast of California and those of any place having much the same
thermal conditions. For example, the two previously known
species of Lecythorhynchus have been recorded only from Japan,
where the conditions are much the same as on the California
coast.

CLASSIFICATION AND TERMINOLOGY.

The classification of the Pycnogonida is at best very unsettled.
The group as a whole is remarkably homogeneous, the classifica-
tion depending for the most part upon such characters as the
development or non-development, or the loss in adult life, of
certain of the anterior appendages. Other differences are often

254 COLE

*
correlated with these, giving some justification for the groupings,

but it is not at all improbable that widely separated forms are in
this way often put together ; conversely, specimens of the same
species but of different ages have sometimes been placed even in
different families.1 Like my predecessors, however, for want of
a better standard, I have retained those groupings which seemed
most convenient.

In the matter of the terminology of parts I have, with a few
exceptions, followed that given by Meinert ('99) in the ' Pycno-
gonida of the Danish Ingolf-Expedition,' which in turn differs
little from that used by Sars ('91, and previous papers). In using
this system rather than the more non-committal nomenclature of
Dohrn, I have been influenced by two considerations. In the first
place, these names, or names much like them, have been on the
whole more generally employed in works on Pycnogonida. Sec-
ondly, the Pycnogonida form such a highly specialized and well
differentiated group that terms similar to those used for other
classes of Arthropoda can be employed without necessarily im-
plying that the parts so designated are homologous, but merely
analogous in position, shape, or use. Furthermore, the tendency
of recent writers has been to use special names for parts, rather
than more general appellations, and it is of the utmost importance
that some system should be uniformly established.

In the following pages the word ' body ' is used as a general
term to include the proboscis, caudal segment, and lateral processes,
while ' trunk ' has for convenience been restricted to only the main
portion of the body, the proboscis, caudal segment, and lateral
processes being excluded. Instead of ' ovigerous leg ' the word
' oviger ' has been employed, and simply ' leg ' is made to take
the place of the cumbersome phrase 'ambulatory leg,' as there is
no danger of confusion. When the tarsal joints and the claw are
spoken of as a whole, that portion of the leg is called the ' foot ' ;
and when the ventral margin of the second tarsal joint is differen-
tiated, the basal expansion is spoken of as the ' heel,' and the

iThus Wilson ('80), before it was recognized that Achelia included merely the adults
of those forms placed in the genus Ammothea, put Ammothea in the family Nymphonidre,
while Achelia was classed along with Tanystylum in a family which he called the
Achelidse.

PYCNOGONIDS 255

remainder of the surface as the ' sole.' In describing the joints
of the palpi and ovigera the abbreviations/. I, /. 2, etc., are often
used, and similarly the joints of the legs are abbreviated to c, I,
r.2, c.$ for the first, second, and third coxal joints,/, for femoral,
etc., when the meaning cannot be mistaken. In speaking of the
dimensions of a joint, ' length ' is always in the direction of the
axis of the appendage, ' breadth ' at right angles to it, regardless
of the proportions of the two. The same rule also holds true for
the parts of the body, ' length ' being in the direction of the axis
of the animal; but when the lateral process alone is spoken of,
it has the same long axis as the leg. In general, proportionate
measurements are used in preference to absolute, as it is thought
they will prove more practicable in determining species. Measure-
ments of the length of the whole animal, or 'body,' as it is usually
called, are taken from the tip of the proboscis to the tip of the
caudal segment. When possible the specimen is flattened out so
that the proboscis projects straight forward and the caudal seg-
ment straight backward in order to get this measurement, and
when this is not possible it is approximated as nearly as can be.
Extent is another measurement which it is difficult to obtain with
any degree of accuracy. When practicable I have done this by ex-
tending the specimen as fully as possible and measuring directly
— usually from the tip of the second leg of one side to the tip of
the third leg of the other. For one reason or another this can
not always be done conveniently, and in such cases it is often
necessary to get the leg measurement joint by joint, and to deter-
mine the total extent approximately in this way. Such a degree
of accuracy is generally not necessary in determining the abso-
lute size of the species, but is often of much importance in order
to get proportion of extent to length, and to other dimensions,
in the same specimen. Most authors give measurements for
at least length and extent, but as they seldom state just
how they are made, they can be used only with considerable
caution.

The following comparative table of terms used by several of
the more recent authors may be of service in comparing descrip-
tions. A much more complete synonymy will be found in Mei-
nert's report ('99).

256

COLE

CO

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neck

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posterior sc
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basal joint

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Meinert, '99.

first segment of trunk (seg-
mentum corporis primum)
neck (collum)

second segment of trunk (seg-
mentum corporis secun-

dum)
third segment of trunk (j<^-
mentum corporis tcrtium)

a

3 .^

o 1^
«u
u ^

j3 **.

t'ww)
lateral process (processus cor-
poris lateralis)

caudal segment (segmentum
caudale)

oculiferous tubercle (tuber
oculare)

eyes
proboscis (rostrum)
cheliforus (cheliforus)
scape (scapus)

x-x

1
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o

palm (palma)
immovable finger (acumen v.
digitus immobilis)
movable finger (pollex t/.
digitus mobilis)

1
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tp; fj

second trunk

M

a

d

4-*

^

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Ui

4-*

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lateral proces

tu
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13

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eye tubercle

eyes
proboscis
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scape

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palm
immovable fii

movable fingi

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PYCNOGONIDS

257

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258 COLE

KEY TO THE SPECIES

The following key is adapted only to the species of Pycno-
gonida described in this paper, and is applicable only to adult
forms. If a chelate specimen not positively known to be adult
cannot be identified by it, the specimen may be an immature in-
dividual and can perhaps be traced by considering it under A,
forms with " Chelifori present, not chelate in adult."

A. Chelifori present, not chelate in adult; palpi present; ovigera 10-

jointed, present in both sexes (AMMOTHEID^E\

B. Body rather elongate, distinctly segmented ; lateral processes well
separated; chelifori i -jointed; palpi g-jointed (Lecythorhyn-
chus).
C. Proboscis subcylindrical or elliptical, constricted in its middle

third Lecythorhynchus marginatus, p. 260

B'. Body more or less disciform; segmentation often indistinct ; lateral

processes approximated.

C. Chelifori 2- or 3-jointed ; palpi 8- or g-jointed.
D. Chelifori 2-jointed ; palpi 8-jointed (Ammothea}.

E. Chelifori more than half as long as proboscis ; caudal seg-
ment reaching at least to middle of second coxal joint of
fourth pair of legs .... Ammothea latifrons, p. 263
E'. Chelifori less than half as long as proboscis.

F. Proboscis narrow, fusiform; forms less than 4 mm. in

length and 20 mm. in extent.

G. Protuberance on dorsal side of first coxal joint about
half as long as the joint ; genital protuberance in
male of about the same length.

Ammothea alaskensis, p. 266

G'. Protuberance on dorsal side of first coxal joint fully
three fourths as long as the joint; genital protu-
berance in $ only about half as long as protuberance
on first coxal joint . . Ammothea gracilipes^ p. 269
F'. Proboscis broadly clavate, truncate at the apex ; forms
over 4 mm. in length and 20 mm. in extent.

Ammothea pribilofensis. p. 270
D'. Chelifori 3-jointed ; palpi g-jointed (Ammothella}.

E. Eye tubercle low, rounded ; first 2 or 3 trunk segments
with a conical tubercle dorsally near the posterior border.

Ammothella tnbcrculata, p. 273

E'. Eye tubercle tall, slender; caudal segment slender, curved,
elevated, spinose ; first and second trunk segments with
a pair of spines dorsally near the posterior border.

Ammothella spinifera, p. 275

C'. Chelifori usually i-, sometimes 2-jointed; palpi 6- or 7-jointed.
(Tanystylum).

PYCNOGONIDS 259

D. Chelifori 2 -jointed .... Tanystylum intermedium, p. 278
C". Chelifori i-jointed; palpi 4-jointed; body very much shortened

(Clotenia) C. occidentalis, p. 281

A'. Chelifori present, chelate ; palpi absent ; ovigera present in the

male only, 5- or 6-jointed {PHOXICHILIDIIDSE}.

B. First trunk segment produced very little, or not at all, anteriorly
beyond base of proboscis ; lateral processes well separated ;
ovigera 5 -jointed (Phoxichilidiuni) . . . P.femoratum, p. 283
B'. First trunk segment projecting somewhat anteriorly beyond base
of proboscis ; body concentrated, lateral processes closely ap-
proximated (Halosoma) H. viridintestinalis, p. 286

B". First trunk segment projecting well beyond base of proboscis,
forming a slender neck ; body elongate, lateral processes well
separated ; ovigera 6-jointed (Anoplodactylus),

C. Caudal segment directed upward . Anoplodactylus erectus, p. 289
A". Chelifori and palpi both absent; ovigera present in the male only

( PY CNO G ONIDsE ) .

B. Ovigera 9- or lo-jointed (Pycnogonum).

C. Ovigera i o-jointed Pycnogonum steam si, p. 292

SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION OF SPECIES.
PYCNOGONIDA.

Family ACHELID&.

Chelifori present, chelate in larva but not in adult ; palpi present ;
ovigera i o-jointed, present in both sexes.

Genus Lecythorhynchus Bohm ('79b).
Corntger BOHM, *79a, P- l86.

Trunk rather stout, sutures well defined ; lateral processes rather short,
well separated. Caudal segment moderately long, pointed upward.
Eye tubercle slightly anterior to middle of first segment, pointed.
Proboscis comparatively long, approximately cylindrical. Chelifori
either i -jointed (mere knobs) or 2-jointed.1 Palpi long, g-jointed.
Ovigera i o-jointed. Legs moderately long and stout; first tarsal joint
very small ; second tarsal joint stout, curved ; claw strong ; auxiliary claws
large.

Remarks.— Bohm first named this genus Corniger, but later, finding
that name untenable,2 changed it to the present one. Besides the species
here described, the genus at present includes only the two species recorded
by Bohm, both of which came from Japan.

1 In Lecythorhynchus armatus Bohm,

2 " Da die Bezeichnung Corm'gerindess bereits fur eine Fischgattung vergeben ist, so
mag dieselbe durch Lecythorhynchus ersetzt werden." — Bohm ('7915).

26O COLE

LECYTHORHYNCHUS MARGINATUS sp. nov.
Plate xi, figs. 1-2 ; plate xv, figs. 1-8.

Type, — $, University of California, No. 19,501, San Pedro Point,
California; ?, University of California, No. 19,502, Dillon's Beach,
California.

Trunk rather stout, second segment broadest ; sutures well defined ;
lateral processes squarish, shorter than breadth of trunk segment ; the
first pair projecting forward at an angle of about 45°, the second at a lesser
angle, third pair projecting somewhat backward, and fourth pair still more
so. There is in some cases an indication of a slight chitinous ridge on
the mid-dorsal line of the lateral processes.

Caudal segment comparatively long, about equal to second joint of palp,
nearly vertical, subconical, with a small nodular projection on the an-
terior side at the apex ; anal opening just posterior to this projection.

Eye tubercle small, pointed, placed rather nearer to the bases of the
chelifori than to the posterior border of the segment. Eyes dark, com-
paratively large, crowded.

Proboscis nearly as long as trunk, projecting obliquely downward, sub-
cylindrical or elliptical, but constricted in the middle third, thus appearing
somewhat swollen both behind and ahead of the middle; tapering
gradually in the distal fourth to the rounded extremity.

Chelifori short and rudimentary, thumb-like, simple, parallel or nearly so.

Palpi arising nearly lateral to the chelifori, overreaching the proboscis
by about half its length. Nine-jointed: /.i short, square; j.2 three or
four times as long; 7.3 short again like/.i, lying at middle of proboscis;
/4 equal to j.2 ; jj.%, 6, 7, 8, and 9 all short and rounded, altogether
about equal in length to the two preceding joints;/. 5 slightly projecting.
The palpi usually make a zigzag line due to a sharp bending downward
at the third joint and a bend forward again at the fifth. There are a few
small spines on the palpi, especially on the fifth and succeeding joints.

Ovigera somewhat different in structure as well as in size in the two
sexes. In the male they are about equal in length, when straightened out,
to the length of the whole animal. First joint comparatively short and
broad; j.2 about twice as long, more slender; third as long as first,
slender like second ; fourth and fifth about equal to second ; sixth shorter ;
seventh small, rounded, armed with a group of small backwardly pointing
spines; jj',8, 9, and 10 successively smaller and in line, but/8 proceeds
from the side of /.y, thus forming a sharp angle at this place. These joints
also have a few very small spines. The appendage as a whole is sigmoid-

PYCNOGONIDS 26 1

ally curved. The ovigera of the female are noticeably smaller than those
of the male ; the first three joints are somewhat similar, but the fourth is
shorter in proportion, and from this point to and including the tenth they
decrease more or less regularly in size. The eighth, ninth, and tenth fol-
low in line with the seventh, in this way making the terminal part of
the appendage straight instead of sharply bent as in the male. With the
exception of the spines mentioned on the distal joints in the male, the
ovigera of both sexes are practically smooth.

The egg-masses are subglobular, fairly compact, and the eggs pro-
portionately rather large.

Legs somewhat over twice the length of the animal, comparatively
rather stout. First coxal joint short; c.2 about twice as long as f.i,
swollen on ventral side in distal third in both sexes, the genital opening
being situated on this swelling; ^.3 little longer than c,i\f. about equal
in length to the coxal region, distended somewhat by the developing eggs
in the female ; in the male the so-called agglutinative gland opens on a
slight prominence on the dorsal side about a fourth of the distance from
the distal end of the femoral joint, this prominence not being present in
the female; t.i and /.2 about equal in length, slightly shorter than/;
fs.i very short, triangular; ts.2 stout, strongly arched; cl. falciform,
about half as long as ts.2 ; aux. cl. well developed, about half as long as
cl. Convex proximal half of the inner (ventral) border of is. 2 (the
' heel ') armed with 5 or 6 strong, somewhat distally curved spines ;
concave distal half (the ' sole ') beset with a close row of very small
spines ; the dorsal border of the same joint bears a series of compara-
tively long slender bristles. First tarsal joint armed with i or 2 strong
and a number of short bristles. Tibial joints with a few scattered
short bristles, especially on the dorsal margin; a longer one near the
distal end of each joint, while the femoral has 2 or 3 in a similar
position. Aside from these the legs are almost smooth, though in some
cases there are scattered hairs, especially on the basal joints. Along
the mid-dorsal line of c.i, and sometimes extending on to the basal part
of c.2, is a chitinous ridge (' Chitinleiste,' Bohm, '79*, p. 188).

Integument moderately thick, with numerous cavities ; mostly smooth,
but with scattered microscopic bristles.

Length of? : body 3 mm., proboscis 1.3 mm., caudal segment 0.4
mm., extent 20 mm. Male slightly smaller and more slender.

This species has been found in three localities on the California coast,
as shown in the accompanying table. Its range is undoubtedly more
extensive than this, and it is not unlikely that it will be found in north-
ern California and south to San Diego.

262

COLE

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.

Lot.l

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

10

18

20

San Pedro Pt.,
San Mateo Co., Calif.
Pacific Grove,
Monterey Co., Calif.
Dillon's Beach,
Sonoma Co., Calif.

i 3
'5

If T O
O t * Hf-

Sept. 2, 1895
Dec. 29, 1898
Nov. 26, 1898

Univ. of Calif.

Remarks. — This species in a general way resembles L. hilgendorfi
Bohm, but may readily be distinguished from that species by the differ-
ently shaped proboscis, its length, absolute and relative to the palpi, the
restriction of the chitinous ridges, which in that species extend to the
ends of the legs, and, judging by Bohm's figures (Bohm, '7Qa, pi. n,
fig. 3 d), by the differently shaped and armed second tarsal joint, as well
as by other marked differences.

The structure of the ovigera in the male as compared with those in the
female is worthy of notice, the more complicated bending and the arma-
ture in the former being well adapted to keeping the egg-masses from slip-
ping off. One of the males examined (collected on November 26) had a
single egg-mass on one of this ovigera, while another specimen (collected
September 2) was carrying eight rather bulky globules.

As mentioned above, the females are somewhat stouter than the
males, and in a specimen collected on December 29 large ova were to
be seen in the second and third coxal and femoral joints.

Genus Ammothea Leach ('14).
Achelia HODGE, '64, p. 114.

Trunk short, stout, segmentation usually suppressed ; lateral processes
closely crowded, making the body appear more or less disciform ; first
segment massive, with square frontal part. Caudal segment not sepa-
rated from last trunk segment by a suture, narrow cylindric, usually
horizontal. Eye tubercle near to the front of the first segment,
strongly protuberant, with distinct eyes. Proboscis directed obliquely
downward, constricted at the base, fusiform, often with an annular con-
striction near the distal end. Chelifori in fully developed specimens
very small, 2 -jointed, second joint globose. The chelifori are chelate
in immature specimens. Palpi 8-jointed; _/.i and/. 3 short ; j.2 and/4

1 The numbers in this column are those given to each lot of specimens of the same
species and from the same locality ; the original numbers of the collectors, when there
were such, are given in the column with the source.

PYCNOGONIDS 263

longer. Ovigera relatively short, larger in the male than in the female ;
without terminal claw, but with a few denticulate spines (rarely absent,
cf. A. dohrni Thomson, '84, p. 244). Legs usually rather short, and robust
in the female ; frequently spinous, usually more so in the male, especially
on the basal joints ; femoral joint very broad in female, the outer corner
more or less projecting in both sexes ; second tarsal joint strongly devel-
oped, more or less curved, and with a few strong and several weaker
spines on the inner margin ; terminal claw strong ; auxiliary claws usually
well developed. Genital openings of female on second coxal joint of
all 4 pairs of legs ; those of the male at the apex of prominent projections
on the corresponding joints of the third and fourth pairs of legs only.

Remarks. — The genus Ammothea was first established by Leach to
include certain forms having chelate chelifori ; later Hodge gave the
name Achelia to some very similar Pycnogonids, which had, however,
rudimentary 2-jointed chelifori; but Dohrn ('81, p. 134) and others
since have shown conclusively that Achelia represents merely the fully
developed individuals of Ammothea. Dohrn believes that the following
genera — Phanodemus Costa, Pephredo Goodsir, Pasithoe* Goodsir, Endeis
Philippi, Paribaa Philippi, Platychelus Costa, and Aldnous Costa— should
also be considered as synonyms of this genus.

It is possible that A. longicaudata Stimpson is identical with one of the
species described here, and if so it is probably with A. latifrons. (See
' Remarks ' under that species, p. 266.)

I have been unable to examine the description of A. borealis given by
Schimkewitsch ('95) in a paper on the Pycnogonida of the White Sea,
in order to compare with it the forms collected in Alaska, so that there
remains a possibility that one of these may be the same as that described
by him.2

AMMOTHEA LATIFRONS sp. nov.
Plate xi, fig. 3 ; plate xvi, figs. 1-9 ; plate xvn, figs. 1-3.

Type.— $, and ? , University of California, No. 19,503, St. Paul Island,
Bering Sea.

Trunk broad, especially anteriorly, each outer corner having an erect
conical protuberance armed with a few spines, short, tapering posteriorly
in a V-shape, smooth ; sutures indistinct anteriorly, obsolete posteriorly ;
lateral processes very closely crowded, nearly twice as broad distally,

1 Sars ('91, p. 137) considers Pasithoe as probably distinct, and uses it as the type of
a family, the Pasithoidse, including with it one other genus, Colossendeis.

2 Subsequent comparison with Schimkewitsch's description shows that A. borealis is
distinct from the species described in this paper.

264 COLE

where there are on the dorsal border three nodular processes, each armed
with one or more spines.

Caudal segment very long and narrow (as long as proboscis), reaching
a little beyond the middle of the second coxal joint of the posterior pair of
legs ; not marked off from trunk by a suture ; directed somewhat down-
ward ; dorsal outline irregular and armed with a number of stout spines.

Eye tubercle on the extreme anterior edge of the first trunk segment,
moderately high, cylindrical ; apex obtusely conical ; eyes rather large,
near the apex.

Proboscis about as long as trunk to base of caudal segment, broadly
elliptical, truncated at the extremity ; dorsal border more convex than
ventral as seen from side ; without circular constriction, but with distinct
longitudinal ribs.

Chelifori considerably over half the length of the proboscis, stout ; first
joint reaching at least to middle of proboscis ; tuberculated on the dorsal
side, the tubercles armed with spines ; second joint small, spherical, with
i or 2 spines. The chelifori are not parallel, being bowed outward in
the middle.

Palpi 8-jointed, overreaching the proboscis by nearly a third of its
length; j.z and 7.4 long, others short; 7.2 somewhat longer than 7.4,
proximal joints sparsely armed with a few rather long bristles ; outer side
of distal joints densely crowded with somewhat shorter ones.

Ovigera considerably different in the two sexes. Oviger of female
about as long as palp; j.i short and broad; j.2 issuing somewhat from
the side of/.i ; jj.2 and 3 about equal, longer than/.i ; jj.\ and 5 about
equal, longest; jj.6 to 10 successively smaller ; /.io very small, rounded;
jj.y, 8, 9, io each armed with two denticulate spines; 77.5 and 6 with a
few small bristles. Oviger of male nearly twice as long as that of female ;
j.i squarish; 7.2 longer than 7.1 ; both 77.1 and 2 broader than the suc-
ceeding joints; 7.3 longer than 7.2; 7.4 and/5 about equal, longer than
J-3'> JJ-6 to io successively smaller, except 7.9, which is longer than 7.8;
/'.io small and furnished with 2 denticulate spines, while 7.9 has at
least i ; no denticulate spines could be discerned on the preceding
joints. Joints 4 to 7 are armed with short, backwardly projecting spines
in rows, while the succeeding joints have only 2 or 3 simple bristles
each. Terminal part of the oviger strongly incurved.

External egg-masses rather small, globular. So far as observed, but
one mass on each oviger.

Legs relatively short, rather less than twice the length of the body ;
c.2 not much longer than c.i and c.$ ; c.i with 3 tubercles on its dor-
sodistal edge, each armed with spines ; /. rather shorter than coxal region,

PYCNOGONIDS

265

especially broad in the female, where it may equal the width of the pro-
boscis; at the dorsodistal border is a long conical protuberance armed
with a strong spine which usually projects distally; /.i and /.2 equal,
stout ; all these joints armed more or less densely with moderate spines,
which are longer, however, on the dorsal side of t.\ and /.2. First tarsal
joint small, subtriangular, with short, even spines; ts.-z moderately
strong, arcuate, armed dorsally and on the sides with rows of slender
spines, and ventrally with 3 strong spines at the heel and a row of
very short ones along the sole; cl. about one half ts.2.\ aux. cl. well
developed, half as long as cl. In the male the genital projection on the
ventrodistal side of c.2 of the 2 posterior pairs of legs is pronounced
and thumb-like, and provided with i or 2 slender bristles. As is charac-
teristic of the genus, the genital openings of the female are in a corre-
sponding position on all 4 pairs of legs, but are not situated on similar
protuberances.

Length about 4 mm., extent 16 mm. ; the two sexes nearly the same
size.

Immature specimens.— Four immature specimens of this species were
examined, two from each locality where the form was taken. They are
but little smaller than the adults, which they closely resemble, but are
provided with chelate chelifori (pi. xvn, fig. i), and the ovigera are very
short, with indistinct articulations (fig. 2). It is interesting to note that
the denticulate spines are already forming in this early stage, in a space
beneath the outer cuticle (fig. 3), and at the next moult would probably
be free. If any of these specimens were males there was no trace at this
stage of the genital protuberances ; in fact, the genital openings were not
distinguishable at all.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.

Lot.
I

4

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

St. Paul Island,
Pribilofs
Dutch Harbor,
Unalaska

2J1, 3?, 2 JUV.
!(?» 3 9, 2 JUV.

1897
July, 1899

Prof. Kincaid (123)
H. A. E. (Prof. W.

R. Coe)

Remarks. — Whereas Ammothea alaskensis may be taken as the repre-
sentative of A. Icevis (Hodge) in the Western Hemisphere, A. latifrons
more closely approaches those forms grouped about the European species
A. echinata (Hodge). It may readily be distinguished from any described
species, however, by its very broadly elliptical proboscis and the long,
knobby chelifori and caudal segment. This species is about twice the
size of A. echinata.

266 COLE

The description of Ammothea longicaudata Stimpson ('64, p. 159) will
apply in most respects to A. latifrons, but the description is so generic
that it would apply almost equally well to a number of other species.
Furthermore, Stimpson's single example was evidently an immature speci-
men, and if, as he says, the palpi were g-jointed,1 it is not unlikely that it
belongs properly in the genus Ammothella. On the whole it seems best
to regard it as a distinct species until further material from the region of
Puget Sound shall enable us to settle the question.

All the specimens of A. latifrons had a quantity of foreign material
entangled in the spines ; those in the lot from Dutch Harbor especially
were covered with this debris, containing, among other things, small
brownish stalked bodies (similar ones are not infrequent on Pycnogonida)
and groups of small cases appearing much like egg-cases of some ani-
mals, possibly the same as those referred to by Hoek ('8ia, p. 143).

AMMOTHEA ALASKENSIS sp. nov.

Plate xn, fig. 4 ; plate xvn, figs. 4-1 2.

Type.— $ and $ , University of California, No. 19,505, Orca, Alaska.

Trunk short, stout, smooth ; sutures very indistinct ; first segment square
in front, affording a broad attachment for the chelifori and palpi ; lateral
processes about equal to width of body, larger distally, and closely
approximated, so that the body appears nearly circular in outline ; a small
protuberance with a short spine on the dorsal side of each process near
the distal end.

Caudal segment long, narrow, somewhat smaller proximally, reaching
to about the middle of the first coxal joint of the posterior pair of legs ;
with 3 or 4 small spines near the apex and a large bristle on the
dorsal side.

Eye tubercle low, conical ; the posterior side more slanting and with
more of a ' hip.' Eyes large, at about the middle of the tubercle ; no
noticeable difference in size.

Proboscis about as long as trunk to base of caudal segment, distinctly
fusiform in dorsoventral view, strongly convex on dorsal side and more
nearly straight on ventral when viewed laterally ; with a more or less
irregular annular constriction about a fourth of its length from the apex.

Chelifori considerably less than half the length of the proboscis ; first
joint with a considerable triangular projection distally on the dorsal side,
terminating in a small bristle ; second joint small, globular, arising some-

1 " Chelate ' antennoe ' much shorter than the proboscis ; their slender lower branch,
however, is much longer, nine jointed,not tapering, and with blunt extremity" (he. fit.).

PYCNOGONIDS 26;

what from the inner side of the first. Both joints unarmed, except as
noted above.

Palpi 8-jointed, longer than proboscis: j.i short and broad, and apt
not to be seen when the animal is viewed from above; j.2 much longer
and more slender, enlarging somewhat distally ; 7.3 short and small ; j.\
about equal to j.2 ; jj.$ to 8 small, rounded, rather densely armed on
the ventral side with strong bristles ; the preceding joints with only 2 or
3 bristles.

Ovigera of female about as long as palpi: j.i short, broad, longer on
inner side; j.2 longer, arising well down on the outer side of/.i, triangu-
lar, broad at the distal end; 7.3 equals/ 1 ; j.\ somewhat longer, about
equals j.2\ j.$ equals/4, broader; jj. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 are usually turned
back on the basal joints so that the appendage forms a simple hook ; the
diameter gradually decreases from 7.5 to _/.io; j>)'.6, 7, 8 rounded; j.g
longer ; j. i o very small and not always very distinctly marked off. The
tenth joint is armed with 2 feather-like denticulate spines; there are
apparently1 2 also on each/.Q and/.8, while there is at least i on j.i.
Joint 9 has a strong, straight, backwardly pointing spine on the dorsal
side; on the other distal joints there are a few short, simple spines;
the proximal part is unarmed. Oviger of male about twice the size of
that of the female ; the general form of the joints much the same, except
that they are much longer in proportion to the width ; arrangement of
denticulate spines about as in female ; corresponding long spine on back
of j'.g ; but^/'.4 to 8 have quite a number of long slender bristles, which
are especially abundant on the outer side ofy.6. There is also a row of
some 8 or 9 short, stout, recurved spines on the side of 7.5, while the
proximal joints of the oviger have more of a tendency to be hairy than
in the female. Terminal part of oviger strongly incurved.

Ova were observed in the femoral joint of the female/^but no external
egg-masses were found.

Legs comparatively rather stout, appearing especially so in the female,
where the femoral joint is very broad. First coxal joint short, with a
long, slender dorsal protuberance; c.2 only a little longer than c.\ ; ^.3
equals c.i ; /., /.i, and t.2 each about equal in length to coxal region ; /.
has at its dorsodistal corner a conical protuberance with a short spine ;
ts.i small, triangular; ts.2 strongly developed, somewhat arched; heel
not prominent, but there are 3 or 4 strong spines at this place ; sole
with a series of smaller spines, while there is a row of more slender

1 The margins of these spines are so delicate and thin that when they chance to lie
over or under the appendage on the slide it is exceedingly difficult to distinguish them
from ordinary simple spines.

268

COLE

bristles along the dorsal curve ; cl. strong, fully half as long as ts.-2, but
slightly curved; aux. cl. well developed, half as long as cl. Legs of
female nearly smooth, a few small bristles, especially on the dorsal
side of/., /.i, and /.2 ; male considerably more spiny, especially on coxal
joints.

Length of male about 3 mm., extent about 13 mm.; female slightly
smaller.

As shown in the following table, the localities at which this species was
taken were two — Orca, in Prince William Sound, and Popof Island, in
the Shumagin group. Those at Orca were found on Thuiaria turgida
Clark.*

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.

Lot

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

6
7

25

Popof Id., Alaska
Popof Id., Alaska
Orca, Alaska

I?
I?
Irf, '9

July, 1899

July 8, 1899
June, 1899

H. A. E. (Prof. Kincaid)

("3)
H. A. E. (Prof. W. E.
Ritter)
H. A. E.

Remarks.— This species resembles Ammothea lavis (Hodge) as de-
scribed by Sars ('91, p. 124, pi. xin, fig. 2, a-m), especially in lacking
the very spiny character of many of the species of the genus. It appears,
however, to be distinct from A. l&vis. Among other differences may be
noted the following: A. alaskensis has but one protuberance on the
lateral processes, in place of two ; the eye tubercle is much smaller,
with the eyes of the same size; the proboscis is considerably larger in
proportion and of a different shape ; the chelifori are not half as long as
the proboscis, and the basal joint has a prominent dorsal process ; the
second joint of the palpi is not shorter than the fourth ; the auxiliary
claws are much better developed. A. alaskensis is also about twice the
size of A. Itzvis.

No immature specimens of A. alaskensis were found.

Rather thickly scattered over the surface of one of the specimens
from Orca, and especially on the palpi, was observed a peculiar elliptical
diatom, and it was of interest that the same form was found on one of
the specimens from Popof Island, some six or seven hundred miles to the
westward. Two or three other species of diatoms were also clinging to
the latter. The first-mentioned diatom has also been observed on other
species of Pycnogonida.

1 1 am indebted to Professor C. C. Nutting for the identification of this Hydroid.

PYCNOGONIDS 269

AMMOTHEA GRACILIPES sp. nov.
Plate xii, fig. 5 ; plate xvni, figs. 1-6.

Type. — $ and ?, University of California, No. 19,506, Lands End,
San Francisco County, California.

Trunk rather broad, tapering rather abruptly behind the third lateral
processes, smooth, broader anteriorly, where the lateral corners are pro-
duced into rounded, unarmed tubercles; sutures indistinct; lateral
processes close together, about as long as breadth of trunk, even with
second pair, abruptly narrowed in proximal half, and with a small dorsal
tubercle at the distal end.

Caudal segment moderately long, reaching at least to the end of the
first coxal joint of the fourth legs, curved upward, and usually some-
what bifid as seen in lateral view ; smooth.

Eye tubercle short, bluntly conical, and but slightly hipped. Eyes
rather large ; at base.

Proboscis about as long as trunk to base of caudal segment ; rather
narrow as seen from above and broadest at about the middle ; from the
side, broadest beyond the middle and more nearly straight on ventral side.

Chelifori somewhat less than half the length of the proboscis ; scape
short and thick, produced into a small dorsal tubercle at the distal end ;
second joint about half as long as scape, oval.

Palpi 8-jointed, but little longer than the proboscis; jj.i and 3 short;
Jj.2 and 4 long, equal; 77.5, 6, 7, 8 short, rounded, bulging somewhat
ventrally, where each is armed rather densely with short bristles ; first
four joints nearly unarmed.

Ovigera of female about as long as palpi ; j.i short, square ; j.2 longer ;
/.3 equal to j.i ; 7.4 as long as j.2, broader distally; 7.5 longest ;/.6
smaller than 7.7 ; jj.S and 9 successively smaller; y'.io very minute; ^'.7,
8, 9, 10 each provided with a pair of denticulate spines; aside from this
the appendage is practically unarmed. Ovigera of male about one and
three fourth times as long as that of female; j.i short and thick; j.2
twice as long but of the same diameter ; .7.3 still longer, narrower ; /4
slightly shorter than/. 3 \jj. 5 and 6 about equal, each about as long as/.i ;
j.i projecting somewhat at its outer distal corner ; /.8 small; 7.9 slightly
longer ; j. i o minute. The only denticulate spines distinguished were two
on/. 10. The third joint and those comprising the terminal part of the
oviger have a few scattered bristles along the side of greater curvature,
while 7.7 has a clump of 4 or 5 at its distal end.

Eggs relatively large (about 0.13 mm. in diameter), in small balls with

270

COLE

6 or 8 eggs in a ball; the male may have from 10 to 15 of these masses
on each oviger.

Legs about twice as long as body, rather slender, especially in the
male; c.i with an especially long finger-like projection on its dorsal side,
nearly as long as the joint itself; c.2 about half again as long as c.\ ; ^.3
equals c.\ ; /. broader in the female, with the conical projection and spine
characteristic of the genus at its distal end; /.i and t.2 each about equal
to /, outer border uneven and armed with scattering short spines; fs.i
nearly unarmed; ts.i large and stout, nearly as long as A 2, well arched,
with a few small spines on the dorsal side ; heel with 3 rather strong, dis-
tally curved spines ; a row of short, slender spines along the sole beyond
it ; cL stout and but little curved, half as long as is. 2 ; aux. cL well devel-
oped, half as long as cl. Except as mentioned, the leg is almost free of
armature; there are a few short spines on c.2 and ^.3.

Length 1.5 mm. to 2 mm. ; extent about 8 mm.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.

Lot.

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

9

12

Lands End, San
Francisco Co., Calif.
Oakland Creek, Calif.

23,1?
2 £ , 20 JUV.

Feb. 8, 1899
March, 1899

Univ. of Calif.
Univ. of Calif.

Remarks. — The present species of Ammothea was much the smallest
representative of the genus in the collections. In size it compares with
A. echinata of Europe. This species is described from the 3 speci-
mens from Lands End (Lot 9) ; the specimens from Oakland Creek
(Lot 12) differ slightly from these, but with the material at hand it did
not seem advisable to separate them as a subspecies. The process on
the first coxal joint is not so long, while the chelifori and caudal seg-
ments are apparently a little longer in proportion. With Lot 1 2 there
are 20 immature specimens in various stages of development, and all
with chelate chelifori.

There were two species of Hydroids in the bottle with Lot 12, among
which the Pycnogonids were probably collected. These were identified
by Professor Nutting, one as Obelia dichotoma, the other as Obelia gela-
tinosa or a closely related species.

AMMOTHEA PRIBILOFENSIS sp. nov.

Plate xn, fig. 6 ; plate xvin, figs. 7 and 8 ; plate xix, figs. 1-8.
Type. — $ and ? , University of California, No. 19,507, St. Paul Island,
Bering Sea.

Trunk broad, not markedly tapering posteriorly, unarmed; antero-

PYCNOGONIDS 27 1

lateral corners produced, rounded, smooth; sutures indistinct; lateral
processes crowded, about as long as breadth of trunk in median part,
much broader distally, where they have on the dorsal border two small
tubercles which bear a few short bristles. On the first lateral process
one of these tubercles is usually much reduced (pi. xix, fig. 2).

Caudal segment moderately long, reaching to the posterior border of
the first coxal joint of the fourth pair of legs, narrow, curved slightly
upward, and continued more or less into an upward projection at the tip ;
possessing a few minute bristles.

Eye tubercle slightly back from the anterior margin of the first trunk
segment, moderately high, sharply pointed, nearly straight on the ante-
rior border, sloping and with a slight hip posteriorly. Eyes dark; at
the base of the tubercle.

Proboscis large, equal in length to femoral joint of leg, broadly cla-
vate, truncate at the apex, usually bent far over so as to be directed
downward ; roughly triangular in section, thus appearing from the side
much more convex on the dorsal border. Without circular constriction.

Chelifori barely one third as long as proboscis ; scape short and com-
paratively thick, produced dorsally at the distal end into a considerable
projection; second joint nearly half as long as first, elliptical. The
cheliforus is unarmed except for a few very short bristles at the end of
the scape.

Palpi 8-jointed ; when fully extended distal 4 joints reaching beyond
the proboscis; jj.i and 3 short; jj.2 and 4 long, equal; 77.5, 6, 7, 8
short, the first three of these triangular, being much broader at the distal
end, the next distal joint in each case articulating at the dorsal side, thus
leaving a rounded projection below, which is bristly with short spines;
/'.8 elliptical, similarly armed. Joints 2 and 3 have a few rather stout
bristles at their distal ends, and a row of similar bristles extends along
the dorsal side of 7.4.

Ovigera of female about as long as palpi: j.i short and broad; j.$
short; jj.2, 4, and 5 longer and broader than 7.3; jj. 6 to 10 gradually
diminishing in size; jj'.'j to 10, at least, with two denticulate spines
each ; appendage otherwise unarmed except for a few scattered minute
spines. Oviger of male nearly twice as long as that of female ; /.i short,
broad ; j.z two or three times as long, also broad ; jj.$ and 4 somewhat
longer than j.z, but more slender; 7.5 nearly as long as 7.4, broader
again ;/.6 shorter, about as broad as 7.5:77.7 to 10 decrease gradually
in size and diameter, except that j.g is longer than /.8. Denticulate
spines, two in number, were observed only on/. 10. The terminal part
of the oviger is turned sharply inward and curved back upon itself.

272 COLE

Joints 3 to 8 are provided, mostly on the outer curve, with rather long,
closely set bristles, which tend to turn backward for the most part, ex-
cept on/3.

Eggs carried by the male in numerous small pear-shaped masses,
which are attached to the ovigera by short thread-like stalks. One male
may carry between 30 and 40 of these masses, in each of which there
are relatively few eggs.

Legs about twice as long as body : c. i short, square, provided on the
dorsodistal border with a strong median protuberance which has on each
side of it a smaller projection bearing a few short bristles and forming the
outer corners of the joint (pi. xix, fig. 2) ; c.2 nearly twice as long as c.i,
bearing in the male on the third and fourth legs, in the usual position, a
long thumb-like genital projection, about half as long as the joint from
which it arises, considerably broader distally than proximally, and rather
thickly beset with long slender bristles ; c.$ shorter again. Femoral joint
about equal to coxal region, of the usual shape, much broader in the female
and with a rounded protuberance distally on the dorsal edge ; /.i and /.2
about equal to each other and to /. in length, but of smaller diameter
than the last ; ts. i small, triangular, rounded below ; is. 2 stout, over half
as long as t.2, rather strongly arcuate; heel hardly differentiated, but
there are 3 rather strong, distally curved spines at this point; sole
armed with comparatively long, thickly set bristles which extend back
on to the heel (fig. 5). Claw about half as long as ts.2, but slightly
curved ; aux. cl. well developed, half as long as cL All the joints beyond
c.\ beset with more or less scattered short bristles; these are consider-
ably longer and thickly crowded on the ventral side of ^.3 and the
proximal end of/.

Length 6 mm. to 7 mm., extent fully 30 mm. ; the two sexes about
the same size.

Color in alcohol yellow to dark brown. Integument thick ; cuticular
cavities large and numerous.

Immature specimen. — There was with Lot 2 one immature specimen,
about two thirds the size of the adult animals, and with chelate chelifori ;
the chelae rather stout and strongly forcipate (fig. 3). The ovigera were
small and undeveloped.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.

Lot.
2

23

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

St. Paul Island,
Pribilofs
St. Paul Island,
Pribilofs

2d\3?> r Juv-
ic?

Aug. 10, 1897
1897

Prof. Kincaid
(121)
Prof. Kincaid
("3)

PYCNOGONIDS 273

Remarks.— As shown in the table above, this remarkably large repre-
sentative of the genus Ammothea has been found only at St. Paul Island,
presumably in shallow water. Besides by its large size, it may be dis-
tinguished by its relatively very large and peculiarly shaped proboscis, the
nearest approach to which would seem to be found in this genus in A.
magniceps Thomson ('84, p. 244, pi. xv, figs. 1-5, and pi. xvi, fig. 3).

Genus'Ammothella (Verrill).
Ammothea (in part).
Ammothella (subgenus) VERRILL, :oo, p. 581.

Similar in most respects to Ammothea, from which it differs principally
in the fact that the trunk is usually proportionately broader and dis-
tinctly segmented, the chelifori 3-jointed,1 and the palpi Q-jointed (some-
times io-jointed?), while the femoral joint lacks the projection at its distal
and always present in Ammothea proper.

Remarks. — Dohrn ('81) described three species of Pycnogonida from
the vicinity of Naples which present the characters outlined above, but
he included them all in the genus Ammothea. Recently Verrill (:oo, p.
581) has reported a species from the Bermudas which is very insufficiently
described, but which agrees with the forms reported by Dohrn except
that, according to Verrill, the Bermuda specimen has io-jointed palpi.
Verrill named his specimen "Ammothea (?) rugulosa" and, evidently be-
cause it differed from typical Ammothea in the number of joints in the
palpi, made a new subgenus for it which he called Ammothella. From a
study of the specimens described in this paper I believe that they, to-
gether with Verrill's species and the three species A. appendiculata, A.
uni-unguiculata and A. bi-unguiculata of Dohrn may properly be put into
a genus distinct from the restricted Ammothea, and to this I give the
name Ammothella proposed as a subgeneric name by Verrill.

AMMOTHELLA TUBERCULATA sp. nov.
Plate xn, fig. 7 ; plate xx, figs. 1-6.

Type. — ?, University of California, No. 19,508, Northern California.

Trunk broad, elliptical, segmentation clearly marked ; anterior corners
produced into short rounded tubercles ; the first, second, and third seg-
ments each with a conical tubercle dorsally near its posterior border (this
was lacking on the third segment in one of the specimens, Lot 22), anterior
of these tallest, decreasing in height posteriorly ; lateral processes short,
only half as long as breadth of trunk, closely crowded, somewhat broader

1 Dohrn ('81, p. 154) considers the chelifori 2-jointed and explains the 3-jointed
appearance by saying: " Sie ist auf weit ausgezogenen Basalstiicken eingelenkt."

274 COLE

distally, where the dorsal corners are continued into 2 short, knob-like
processes.

Caudal segment moderately long, curved slightly upward, reaching
slightly past the middle of the second coxal joint of the fourth pair of legs ;
narrow, swollen distally, slightly bifid at the apex as seen from above ;
armed with a few short bristles and a longer one on the dorsal side.

Eye tubercle moderate, taller than the dorsal tubercles, bluntly rounded.
Eyes of good size ; near the apex.

Proboscis equals trunk to base of caudal segment, broadly ovate, some-
what narrower in side view.

Chelifori over half as long as proboscis; second joint about equal to
first, clavate, with a number of short bristles at its distal end ; third joint
short, less than half as long as second, subchelate, the somewhat triangular
pieces representing the fingers of the chela probably being the rudiments
of those organs in the larva. The third joint has one short spine.

Palpi 9-jointed ; when [fully extended but little longer than the pro-
boscis, about 3 joints reaching beyond its tip; jj, i and 3 short; jj.2
and 4 longer; j.2 somewhat longer than 7.4 ; jj.% to 9 short and decreas-
ing gradually in size, sub triangular, being bulged ventrally toward their
distal ends, and here armed with numerous short bristles. The fourth
joint has scattered similar bristles ; the remaining (basal) joints practically
unarmed.

Ovigera of the female equal to the palpi in length ; j.i short ; 7.2 longer ;

/•3 shorter again ; jj.\ and 5 longest, each about equal to J.i +7.2 ; j/'.6,

1, and 8 successively smaller; j.g larger again, about equal to j.i ; y.io

very small, and armed with 2 denticulate spines, as is also the case with

j.g and/,8. Aside from this the appendage is almost unarmed, except

for 3 or 4 short curved spines on/. 6.

Legs stout, somewhat less than twice as long as body; c.i short,
square, with a short rounded protuberance dorsally; c.2 longer, consid-
erably narrower at proximal end, where it joins c.i, somewhat bulged dis-
tally below ; c.$ equals c.i ; f. comparatively short and broad, without the
thumb-like protuberance at the distal end usual in Ammothea, but with
several bristles at this point and scattered along its dorsal border ; shorter
than coxal region; /.i and /.2 each about equal to/., both with more or
less wavy dorsal borders, where they have a row of bristles of irregular
size; ts.\ not unusual, armed with a few small bristles, especially ven-
trally; ts.z equals about four fifths of /.2, rather stout, but slightly arcu-
ate ; with a row of small bristles dorsally, 3 stout spines on the heel, and
a row of short slender spines along the sole. Claw half as long as ft. 2,
rather strongly curved ; aux, cL about half as long as cL

PYCNOGONIDS 275

Length of female 1.8 mm., extent about 9.5 mm.
Color in alcohol light yellowish. General appearance clean and
smooth.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.

Lot

22

27

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

"Northern California"
Dillon's Beach, Sono-
ma Co., Calif.

I?
I?

1893
Nov. 26, 1898

Dr. S. J. Holmes
Univ. of Calif.

Remarks. — Both of the specimens at hand were females; in one ova
could be distinguished in the second and third coxal and femoral joints of
the legs, while in the other the character of the ovigera and the fact that
genital openings could be plainly distinguished in the usual place on all
four pairs of legs left no doubt of its sex.

AMMOTHELLA SPINIFERA sp. nov.
Plate xii, fig. 8 ; plate xx, figs. 7-9 ; plate xxi, figs. 1-6.

Type.— ? , University of California, No. 19,509, San Diego, California.

Trunk broad, not especially tapering, the outer anterior corners with-
out prominent protuberances ; segmentation distinct ; i or 2 short spines
at the base of the eye tubercle, and a longer one on each side of the
mid-dorsal line on the posterior border of the first and second segments.
Lateral processes well separated, comparatively short, about half as long
as breadth of body at second segment, somewhat swollen distally, with
•a short spine dorsodistally and usually one to each side on the distal
border.

Caudal segment long, slender, about equal to first 2 trunk segments,
projecting upward at an angle of about 45°, slightly arched ; armed with
several slender spines, those on the dorsal border especially long.

Eye tubercle narrow, high, erect ; about two thirds as long as caudal
segment, with a sharp angle or hip on each side as seen in antero-poste-
rior profile ; eyes large, dark, situated at the tip of the tubercle.

Proboscis about as long as trunk, rather broadly fusiform, as broad as
trunk between the first and second lateral processes.

Chelifori long, reaching to within a short distance of the tip of the
proboscis; first joint nearly as long as second; second joint clavate;
both this and the first armed with a few short spines. Terminal joint
small, rounded, bituberculate, showing evidence of its former chelate
condition ; armed with i or 2 short spines.

Palpi 9-jointed, fully half again as long as proboscis: jj.i and 3 short;

276

COLE

jj.2 and 4 longer, 7.4 being longer than 7.2; 7.5 longer than 7.3, about
half as long as/2 ; 7.6 longer than 7.5, fully half as long as/4 ; 7.7 small,
shorter than 7.5 ; 7.8 slightly longer than 7.7 ; 7.9 longer than 7. 8 ; 77.5, 6,
7, 8 somewhat clavate, the succeeding joint being in each case articu-
lated at the dorsal side of the broad distal end of the joint preceding it.
The palp is armed with short, rather stout spines, especially along the
ventral side of the distal 5 joints.

Oviger of female measures somewhat less than fully extended palp : 7.1
short; 7.2 considerably longer; 7.3 slightly longer than 7.1 ; 7.4 longest,
about twice as long as 7.3 ; 7.5 shorter again ; 7.6 still shorter; 7.7 longer
than 7.6 but shorter than 7.5 ; 7.8 about equal 107.6 ; 7.9 about equal to
7.7 ; 7.10 very small, rounded. Joint 10 has two rather large denticulate
spines, 7.9 at least one, and/.S'two smaller ones ; besides this the terminal
joints of the oviger may bear i or 2 short simple spines, while the re-
mainder of the appendage is unarmed.

Legs about twice as long as body; c.i short, armed distally with i to
3 or 4 short, stout spines; c.2 about twice as long as c.i, considerably
broader distally; C.T, about as large as £.2; f. about as long as coxal
region, but little broader than c.$, and without a projection dorsodistally ;
t.i equals/./ t.2 somewhat longer ; both with a more or less irregular
wavy dorsal margin ; is. i rather long in proportion to its breadth, termi-
nating dorsally in a well-marked 'lappet' ; ts. 2 somewhat less than half
as long and nearly as broad as t.2, of about the same width throughout,
and slightly arcuate ; armed dorsally with 5 or 6 long slender spines
and several shorter ones ; heel with 3 short stout spines which project
slightly distally ; sole with a comb-like series of much shorter spines ; cL
less than half as long as ts.2, the dorsal surface curved about evenly, the
ventral straight proximally and curved near the tip ; aux. cl. over half as
long as cl., slender.

Length 1.8 mm., extent about 8 mm.

Specimens of a dark brownish color, due chiefly to adhering dirt ; light
brown when this is removed. Integument thin and cuticular cavities
scattered.

Immature specimen nearly as large as adults, more slender; chelifori
chelate (pi. xxi, fig. 4) ; chelae slender, strongly curved, crossing one
another at tip ; ovigera short, not fully developed.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.

Lot.

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

14

San Diego, Calif.

2?, I JUV.

July 8, 1895

Dr. S. J. Holmes (236)

PYCNOGONIDS 277

Remarks. — The 3-jointed chelifori, the g-jointed palpi, and the absence
of a marked protuberance on the dorsodistal extremity of the femoral
joint clearly relate this form to A. tuberculata, and to those forms which
I have placed with it in the genus Ammothclla, viz., three species from
the Gulf of Naples (see 'Remarks,' p. 273).

The two mature specimens of this lot were both females with ova in
various stages of development in the second and third coxal and femoral
joints of the legs.

The species is well characterized by the long eye tubercle and the
longer, spiny, elevated, and curved caudal segment, the spines on the
dorsal surface of the body, and the long, slender spines of the legs.

Genus Tanystylum Miers ('79).

Trunk broad; lateral processes comparatively short and closely
crowded, making the body disciform ; segmentation suppressed. Cheli-
fori usually mere i-jointed knobs; sometimes 2-jointed; chelate in
immature specimens. Palpi with 6 or 7 joints ; first and third joints
short, second and fourth longer. Femoral joint of legs of female con-
siderably swollen. Openings of oviducts in usual position on all four
legs. Openings of the genital ducts of the male not upon genital pro-
tuberances.

Remarks.— The genus Tanystylum is undoubtedly very closely related
to Ammothea, but differs in several important respects. I was at first
inclined to include Clotenia with this genus, as Schimkewitsch has done
(Schimkewitsch, '89), but in view of the highly concentrated body,1
closely approximated eye tubercle and caudal segment, 4-jointed
palpi, and male genital openings in the second as well as the third and
fourth pairs of legs, I think it may well be left, for the present at least,
as a separate genus.

The species which I have here called Tanystylum intermedium differs
from previously described species of the genus in having 2-jointed che-
lifori, and from all but T. chierchice. Schimkewitsch ('89, p. 333) in
having 7-jointed palpi instead of 6-jointed. It is, however, so similar
in other respects that a separation into another genus does not seem
justifiable.

Discoarachne brevipes Hoek ('8ia, p. 74) is undoubtedly very closely
related to the forms under discussion, and perhaps should be classed as a
species of Tanystylum.

iDohrn ('81, p. 162) well says: "Dieses Thier \_Clotenia conirostris} hat die bei
weitem concentrirteste Gestalt aller Pantopoden, die ich kenne."

278 COLE

TANYSTYLUM INTERMEDIUM sp. nov.
Plate xxi, figs. 7-9 ; plate xxn, figs. 1-7 ; plate xxm, figs. 1-3.

Type.— ^ and ?, University of California, No. 19,510, San Diego,
California.

Trunk broad, segmentation not evident ; the anterior border with the
outer corners each produced into a prominent tubercle which bears a
spine. Lateral processes not so long as width of body, wedge-shaped and
closely crowded, the outline of their outer borders, together with the
anterior border of the trunk, making a complete circle ; first, second, and
third pairs with a dorsal tubercle near the distal end, shorter and rounded
in the female, longer, more pointed, and terminated by a short bristle in
the male.

Caudal segment moderate, reaching to about the middle of the second
coxal joint of the fourth pair of legs ; rather narrow, about half as broad
as basal joint of leg ; diameter somewhat larger distally than proximally
as seen from above ; directed obliquely upward at less than 45° ; smooth,
apex rounded.

Eye tubercle moderate, rather thick, blunt; situated at the extreme
anterior end of the first trunk segment and directed forward at about
the same angle that the caudal segment projects backward. Eyes rather
large, dark ; posterior pair apparently the larger.

Proboscis pyriform, being widest a third of its length from the base
and tapering to a more or less truncated tip ; usually directed somewhat
downward ; about as long as trunk from its anterior border to the distal
end of the fourth pair of lateral processes. In side view nearly straight
on ventral side ; dorsal side strongly convex.

Chelifori 2-jointed, very short, about one fourth as long as proboscis;
first joint about twice as long as broad, slightly curved, with a small
tubercle and a short spine near the distal end ; second joint very small,
rounded, divided into two parts by a groove, showing the former
presence of chelae. The second joint also bears a short spine.

Palpi 7-jointed, rather stout, slightly overreaching the proboscis (by the
terminal joint). First and third joints short;/. 2 and /4 longer, /. 2
longer than 7.4 ; jj.$, 6, and 7 successively smaller. These 3 joints with
a considerable number of short bristles or hairs ; other joints with a few
scattered ones, j.z having a somewhat stronger one on its outer distal
corner.

Oviger of female slender, about equal in length to the palp. First 3
joints short and of about the same length ; jj.\ and 5 longest ; the sue-

PYCNOGONIDS 279

ceeding joints smaller (not successively) ; /.io very small. The tenth
joint is armed with two rather long, curved, denticulate (?) spines; the
i or 2 spines on the preceding joints appear to be simple. Oviger of the
male about half as long again as that of the female ; proportionate size of
joints nearly the same, butjj.8, 9, and 10 turn inward (or downward if
the appendage is carried in a horizontal position, as in fig. 7, pi. xxi)
upon/. 7, and the preceding joints at nearly a right angle. The joints of
the terminal part of the oviger are armed with a few short, slender, simple
spines.

Legs about twice as long as body: c.i short, with a spine-bearing
process on each of the distal dorsolateral corners; the male with an
additional similar projection on the mid-dorsal line between these. The
tubercles are also longer and sharper in the male. Second coxal joint a
little longer than c.i, broader distally; ^.3 shorter again; f. equal in
length to coxal region, gradually increasing in breadth distally, where it
ends in a triangular projection terminated by a short, stout spine ; /. of
female swollen, broadest in middle; /.i and /.2 each about equal to/,
rather slender, armed on the dorsal border with 2 or 3 long, slender
bristles and a few shorter ones; ventral border of t.2 with a regular
series of short, slender spines. First tarsal joint about as long as broad,
convex ventrally, where it bears several fine bristles ; with a well-marked
'lappet* dorsally. Second tarsal joint long and slender, at least five
times as long as broad, nearly straight; dorsal surface with a series of
spines, 2 or 3 of which are especially long and slender (about like those
on /.i and £2) ; the others shorter; no distinct heel; the ventral surface
furnished with a more or less regular row of about i o short spines. In addi-
tion to what has been mentioned, the several joints of the leg have scat-
tered short hairs or slender spines. Claw comparatively rather short,
hardly half as long as /.2, falciform; aux. d. slender, half as long as cl.

Length about 1.3 mm., extent slightly over 5 mm. The two sexes of
about equal size.

Immature specimen. — The one immature specimen examined was about
three fourths the size of the adults and more slender ; otherwise it much
resembled the female, especially in the character of its tubercular pro-
jections and spines. It had, however, chelate chelifori, the chelae being
large and strong.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.

Lot.

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

26
29

San Diego, Calif.
San Diego, Calif.

I?,
icf, i?,XJuv.

July 8, 1895
July 8, 1895

Dr. S. J. Holmes
Dr. S. J. Holmes (236)

280 COLE

Remarks,— There is considerable difference between male and female
in these lots with regard to the character and number of spine-bearing pro-
jections, but they are so similar in other respects that I think there can
be very little doubt about their being the same species.

No egg-masses were found upon the ovigera of the male, but ova of
various sizes could be seen in the third coxal and femoral joints of the
legs of the females.

The peculiar structure of the ovigera of the male, the last three joints
being articulated to the seventh at an angle, reminds one of the somewhat
similar condition in the male of Discoarachne (cf. Cole, :oib, Taf. 13, fig.
4), and strongly suggests the close relationship, and probable synonymy,
of these two genera.

The character of the spines on the ovigera could not be well made
out ; at a medium magnification they appeared to be simple, but with a
-j^ oil immersion objective the two on the tenth joint of the female
showed fine lines indicating a denticulate margin. On the ninth joint of
the same leg was a peculiar, flat, double-notched spine, shown in figure
3, plate xxin.

The single female specimen of Lot 26 was almost completely covered
with small stalked protozoa ( Vaginicolinas).

Genus Clotenia Dohrn ('81).

Trunk very short and broad, the lateral processes short and closely
crowded, so that the body is concentrated and disciform; trunk seg-
mentation suppressed. Eye tubercle set well back on first trunk segment ;
caudal segment well forward and pointed upward, so that the distance
between it and the eye tubercle is short. Chelifori i -jointed; palpi 4-
jointed; ovigera present in both sexes, lo-jointed. Legs rather stout;
openings of the male genital ducts in the usual position on the second,
third, and fourth pairs of legs (Dohrn) ; without genital protuberances.

Remarks.— Tht greatly concentrated body, with the consequent near-
ness of the caudal segment to the eye tubercle, which is set well back,
and the 4-jointed palpi, would seem to be sufficient to distinguish
this genus, though it is certainly very closely related to Tanystylum.
Dohrn makes a strong point of the fact that the genital openings of the
male occur on the three posterior pairs of legs. Although there can be
no doubt of the close affinity of the specimen from California to Dohrn's
Clotenia conirosfris, I was unable to confirm this point. The openings
could be seen on the third and fourth pairs of legs, but on the second
pair I was unable to find them.

PYCNOGONIDS 28 I

CLOTENIA OCCIDENTALS sp. nov.
Plate xin, fig. 9 ; plate xxin, figs. 4-8.

Type.— $ , University of California, No. 19,511, Pacific Grove, Calif.

Trunk unsegmented, smooth, short, and broad, especially in front ; an-
terior outer corners rounded, without projecting knobs. Lateral processes
short and very closely crowded, the lines between them radiating toward
a common point slightly anterior to the caudal segment.

Caudal segment well forward, rather short, thick, bluntly conical,
directed obliquely upward, armed on the dorsal surface with 2 or 3 short
stiff spines.

Eye tubercle situated on the middle of the first trunk segment ; about
two thirds as high as caudal segment ; conical, nearly straight and vertical
anteriorly ; sloping behind ; thus giving, with the anteriorly directed face
of the caudal segment and the dorsal part of the trunk segments between
a saddle-shaped outline when seen from the side. The posterior, sloping,
face of the eye tubercle is notched, or ' hipped,' just above the eyes, the
portion above being a smaller cone set upon the anterior part of the
larger truncated basal cone. Eyes close together.

Proboscis short and thick, barely twice as long as broad, directed
straight forward, cylindrical, bluntly rounded at the apex.

Chelifori short, knob-like, connected at the base ; armed distally with
2 or 3 short spines.

Palpi 4-jointed, not reaching to end of proboscis; nearly straight.
Joints i, 3, and 4 short;/ 2 long, half as long as the entire appendage,
considerably larger at its proximal end than distally ; 7.4 with several
short stout spines distally; jj.2 and 3 each with 2 or 3 smaller ones.

Oviger of male about three and a half times as long as palp. First joint
short, thick ; j.2 longer and more slender ; /3 equal in length to/.i ; jj.\
and 5 each about equal to, or slightly longer than, j.2 ; j.6 about as long
as/. 3 ; j.i considerably smaller, coming off somewhat from the side of j.6 ;
j/.S and 9 slightly smaller than /.y ; j.io a very small rounded knob.
The terminal part of the appendage bears a few scattered weak spines,
besides 2 longer, stouter, divergent ones on/.io.

Legs comparatively stout, anterior pair somewhat over twice as long
as body (measured from tip of proboscis to distal border of fourth pair
of lateral processes) ; posterior legs noticeably shorter than anterior
pairs. Coxal joints all short and of about equal length ; c.i with a more
or less irregular projection distally on its anterior side, which is armed
with a few short spines. Femoral joint stout, somewhat shorter than

282 COLE

coxal region ; broader distally, where it is produced dorsally into a blunt
angle armed with i to 2 or 3 short spines rather stouter than the others.
Tibial joints both stout and about equal to/, in length; dorsally each
has 3 swellings, one at either end and one in the middle, and the short
spines are grouped in small clumps of 3 or 4 on these swellings. First
tarsal joint very short and broad, armed ventrally with i stout spine
and 2 or 3 smaller ones; ts.2 nearly as long as /.2, stout, broader
proximally than distally, and moderately arched ; armed dorsally with an
irregular series of short bristles ; the heel bears 3 stout spines, the sole a
series of small ones. Claw fully half as long as ts.2, strong, evenly
tapering, and curved ; aux. d. well developed, about half as long as <:/.,
rather straight. Besides the armature mentioned, there are short stiff
spines scattered sparsely over all the joints of the leg.

The following measurements are approximate : length (in this case
from tip of proboscis to distal border of fourth lateral processes) 1.3 mm. ;
extent 7 mm. ; length of palp 0.45 mm. ; length of oviger 1.5 mm.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED.

Lot.
16

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

Pacific Grove, Calif.

i 5

Dec. 30, 1896

Univ. of Calif.

Remarks. — This species was, unfortunately, represented by only a
single specimen, which, however, is distinct from C. conirostris Dohrn, as
may be seen by the blunt, cylindrical proboscis, the shorter, more
rounded caudal segment, the processes on the anterior sides of the first
coxal joints, and other details.

Each of the ovigera carried a small irregular rounded egg-mass con-
taining probably 50 to 60 eggs. The ovigera were thrust through the
masses eccentrically, so that the bulk of the mass lay to one side.

Family PHOXICHILIDIID^E.

Chelifori present, chelate ; palpi absent ; ovigera present in the male
only, 5- or 6-jointed.

Genus Phoxichilidium Milne Edwards ('40, p. 535).
Orithyia JOHNSTON ('37, p. 368).

Trunk slender, cylindrical ; lateral processes well separated. Neck
short, i.e., first trunk segment projects but little if at all beyond base of
proboscis ; emarginate between bases of chelifori. Proboscis compara-
tively short, cylindrical. Eye tubercle small, subconical. Caudal seg-

PYCNOGONIDS 283

ment simple, pointing upward. Chelifori well developed ; chelae strong
and curved. Ovigera 5-jointed, sigmoid; third joint with a constric-
tion at about one third or less of its length ; last joint nearly as large
as fourth, armed with a few (one or more) rows of unguiform spines.
Legs slender; /j.i small; ts.z well developed and armed at base with
distally curved spines ; cl. strong ; aux. cl. distinct. Genital openings on
second coxal joints of all the legs.

Remarks.— This genus has been made to include rather diverse forms,
many of which, as stated by Sars, probably belong even to other families.
Wilson ('78a) removed from these into the genus Anoplodactylus those
forms in which the first trunk segment projects considerably beyond the
base of the proboscis, and which have 6-jointed ovigera. I accept the
genus Phoxichilidium as restricted by Sars ('91), "principally character-
ized by the cephalic segment not projecting anteriorly beyond the base
of the proboscis, the comparatively well-developed chelifori, and the
structure of the false legs in the male," i.e., 5-jointed, with the last joint
comparatively large. Sars concludes that but three species of the genus
can be recognized with certainty, viz., Ph. femoratum (Rathke), Ph.
robustum Dohrn, and Ph. minor Wilson. He considers the form de-
scribed by Stimpson ('54) from the eastern coast of North America to be
identical with Ph. femoratum of Europe ; but Wilson ('78b), in his
description of Ph. minor, says (p. 14) : " This species is closely similar
to P. maxillare, of which it may be a dwarf variety " ; and in a later
paper ('80, p. 481) he adds that since the publication of the first paper
" a much larger series of specimens has been obtained, which shows con-
clusively that the two forms cannot be separated, though extreme forms
appear very unlike." Thus if Ph. maxillare is a synonym of Ph. femo-
ratum it leaves but two species, Ph. femoratum and Ph. robustum, to be
referred to this genus.

PHOXICHILIDIUM FEMORATUM (Rathke).
Plate xin, fig. 10 ; plate xxiv, figs. 1-5.

Nymphon femoratum RATHKE, 1799, p. 201.

Orithyia coccinea JOHNSTON, '37, p. 378, pi. xn, figs. 4-6.

Phoxichilidium coccineum MILNE EDWARDS, '4°, p. 536.

Phoxichilidium coccineum GOODSIR, '44, p. 2, pi. I, figs. 6-8.

? Phoxichilidium globosum GOODSIR, '42, p. 136, pi. ill, fig. I.

Phoxichilidium femoratum KROYER, '45, p. 122.

Phoxichilidium femoratum KROYER, '49, pi. xxxvin, fig. 2, a-g.

? Phoxichilidium femoratum HOEK, '77, p. 6, Tab. xv, figs. S-io.

? Phoxichilidium femoratum HOEK, '8ib, p. 512, pi. XXVI, figs. 18-21; pi.

xxvn, fig. 19.
Phoxichilidium femoratum HANSEN, '84, p. 650.

284 COLE

PhoxicJiilidium femoratum HANSEN, '85, Tab. vii, fig. 21.

Phoxichiliditim femoratum G. O. SARS, '88, No. 4.

Phoxichilidium femoratum G. O. SARS, '91, pp. 21-24, pi- n-> fig- !> a~g-

Phoxichilidium maxillare STIMPSON, '54, p. 37.

Phoxichilidium maxillare WILSON, '78*, pp. 12, 13, pi. IV, figs. la-ie.

Phoxichilidium maxillare WILSON, '80, pp. 480, 481, pi. Ill, figs. 12-15.

Phoxichilidium minor WILSON, '78b, pp. 13, 14, pi. iv, figs. 2a-2f.

Trunk cylindrical, tapering somewhat posteriorly ; sutures well defined.
Lateral processes about as long as width of trunk, well separated ; except
last pair, issuing from the middle of their respective trunk segments.
First trunk segment longer than succeeding ones.

Caudal segment comparatively small, oval or oblong, unarmed.

Eye tubercle situated ahead of middle of first trunk segment, small,
obtusely conical, the 4 eyes nearer the base ; the posterior pair lower
than the anterior.

Proboscis about the length of the first and second trunk segments
together ; cylindrical or somewhat clavate, being larger distally ; obtusely
truncate, with a circular constriction near the distal end. It arises
somewhat ventrally from the first trunk segment ; the ventral border
starts obliquely downward, but soon bends forward at an obtuse angle.

Chelifori comparatively powerful, considerably longer than proboscis.
Scape cylindrical or somewhat claviform ; chela movably connected to
it, usually carried somewhat downward, so as to overhang the proboscis ;
oval, smooth. Fingers powerful, about as long as palm; strongly curved,
leaving an open space between, even when closed; the movable finger
the longer and overlapping the other without crossing.

Ovigera strong, about equal in length to the body. First joint short,
about one and a half times as long as broad; j.2 of smaller diameter,
somewhat less than twice as long as first, and about equal to fourth ; j.$
longest, two and a half times /.i, curved slightly dorsalward, with a de-
cided constriction at about one fourth of its length from the proximal
end; /.4 curved ventrally; j.$ large, nearly as long as 7.4, broad, com-
pressed, arcuate, the appendage as a whole forming a sigmoid curve.
On the basal half of the inner margin of this joint there are 3 closely set
unguiform spines, while at either side occurs a set of feebler ones ; other
joints sparingly beset with exceedingly small, simple spiniform bristles.

Legs comparatively robust, two and one half to three times the length
of the animal, smooth, except for microscopically minute spines. First
coxal joint short, nearly square; c.z more than twice as long as f.i ; ^.3
shorter again. Femoral joint longest, swollen in the female; tibial
joints of about equal length, somewhat shorter than /. and about as long
as coxal region ; both of less diameter than /., and the second smaller

PYCNOGONIDS

285

than the first. First tarsal joint very small, triangular, terminating dor-
sally as a small lappet, and slightly convex ventrally, where it is beset
with a few slender bristles. Second tarsal joint beset with short spiniform
bristles; the ventral ('inner') side is somewhat lamellarly expanded at
the base, and is here armed usually with 6 strong, anteriorly curving
spines, the 2 distal ones in most cases being in juxtaposition. Claw
powerful, slightly curved, about half as long as ts.z ; aux. cL very small,
though distinctly developed. At the distal end of f. are i or 2 strong
bristles, and another projects from a slight depression on the dorsal side
of £2, a short distance from its distal end.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.

Lot.

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

3

5
8

24

Dutch Harbor, Un-
alaska
Popof Id., Shumagin
Group, Alaska
Popof Id., Shumagin
Group, Alaska 1

Orca, Prince William
Sound, Alaska

«<?,!?

'C?
4<f, I?

irf

July, 1899
July, 1899
July 8, 1899

June, 1899

H. A. E. (Prof.
W. R. Coe)
H. A. E. (Prof.
T. Kincaid)
H. A. E. (Prof.
\V. E. Ritter),
Univ. of Calif.,
No. 19,512
H. A. E.

Distribution. — If all the synonyms given above properly belong to
this species its distribution covers a great range. It has been found
along the coasts of the British Isles, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Green-
land, the eastern coast of North America as far south as Massachusetts,
and the present record extends its range to the western coast of North
America from Orca to Unalaska. It ranges in depth from the shore
rocks to 100 fathoms (Sars). Apparently it is a truly circumpolar
species.

Remarks. — The specimens which I have examined from the Alaska
coast agree very closely with the excellent description of this species
given by Sars. They are, however, most of them considerably larger, the
smallest specimen, from Orca, measuring about 3.5 mm., those collected
at Popof Island 4.5 mm. to 5 mm., and those from Dutch Harbor 5.5
mm. from the tip of the proboscis to the tip of the caudal segment. Sars
describes the color as " a more or less vivid red," or " sometimes dark-
brownish or a sepia tint." Most of the Alaska specimens (alcoholic) are
lighter than this, especially those from Dutch Harbor, which are a light
brown or yellowish ; the specimens from the Shumagins are a darker
brown, and in 2 or 3 of them the branches of the intestine in the legs

1 " Undershore rocks."

286 COLE

show up very plainly as dark brown lines. Wilson says of "Ph. maxitlare "
that the color is " blackish or sepia to nearly pure white."

In the armature of the tarsal joints I find some variation from the
description and figures of Sars. On the first I do not find one spine
noticeably longer than the others, but a regular gradation up to the long-
est. In the majority of cases the second agrees with the description, but
in various specimens the number of spines on the heel varies from 5 to
7, and the distal two are not always opposed to one another. The num-
ber and arrangement may vary on the different legs of the same specimen.

Genus Halosoma1 gen. nov.

Trunk rather stout ; lateral processes broad, first 3 pairs closely
crowded ; fourth pair separated from third by a space. Neck short but
projecting somewhat beyond base of proboscis, which issues ventro-an-
teriorly from the first segment. Chelifori strong, chelate. Ovigera ?
Legs rather stout ; second tarsal joint with expanded heel and a thin,
chitinous, knife-like ridge along the sole. Claw well developed ; auxil-
iary claws minute.

Remarks. — It was only after considerable hesitation that the present
genus was instituted, as it is based upon a single specimen, and that evi-
dently a female, though no ova could be made out in the ovaries. It
seems, however, especially in the greater concentration, producing a
stouter trunk and closely approximated lateral processes, to be generically
distinct from both Phoxichilidium and Anoplodactylus ; in the moderate
development of the 'neck,' on the other hand, it is intermediate between
those genera. It is 'unfortunate that the specimen does not possess
ovigera, as the structure of those organs would help much in showing
the position of this genus and its relation to the other genera. Should
it prove to be an immature specimen which has not yet developed the
ovigera, it is possible that it may be found to be related to the Pallenidse
rather than to the Phoxichilidiidse. In either case the only thing to be
done with it now seemed to be to describe it as a separate genus under
the Phoxichilidiidse, treating it as an adult female, until its true position
can be determined by future collections.

HALOSOMA VIRIDINTESTINALIS sp. nov.
Plate xiv, fig. 1 1 ; plate xxiv, figs. 6-8 ; plate xxv, figs. 1-4.

Type. — University of California, No. 19,513, Dillon's Beach, Sonoma
County, California.

Trunk stout, compressed ; sutures deep and well marked ; first segment
1 From aAwf, disc, and auya, body.

PYCNOGONIDS 287

about two and one half times as long as second. Lateral processes
about as broad as long, a slight protuberance on the dorsal side distally ;
the first 3 pairs closely crowded; between the third pair and the
fourth, which is directed posteriorly, is a considerable space, about half
as wide as the process. First trunk segment projecting forward beyond
the base of the proboscis a short distance, producing a thick neck, of
moderate length.

Caudal segment rather long, over half as long as first trunk segment
erect, subcylindrical, rounded at apex.

Eye tubercle about in the middle of the anterior half of the first
trunk segment, directed slightly forward, shorter than caudal segment,
conical ; eyes at about the middle, large.

Proboscis issuing from the antero-ventral side of the first segment, as
long as first and second trunk segments together, thick (half as long as
broad), cylindrical, obtusely truncate, with a circular constriction near the
distal end ; ventral border with a projecting angle at the proximal end.

Chelifori stout, overhanging proboscis ; scape reaching to about even
with end of proboscis, slightly clavate ; chelae hanging downward almost
vertically, with the movable finger on the outside. Palm slightly swollen ;
immovable finger slender, about as long as palm, slightly curved ; mova-
ble finger slender, acuminate, arcuate.

Ovigera?

Legs rather stout: c.i short, squarish ; c.z nearly double c.i, swollen on
the ventral side, where genital pore is situated on posterior pairs; c.$
slightly longer than c.i ; /. about as long as coxal region, stout ; t.\ some-
what shorter than/. ; /.2 equals t.\ ; ts.i very short, irregularly triangular
or squarish, with a few small spines on the ventro-distal corner; ts,2 over
half as long as /.2, somewhat arched, with a distinct heel at the base.
Heel armed with 2 strong curved spines and 5 or 6 smaller ones; sole
with a thin lamellar chitinous membrane (pi. xxv, fig. 4), in which are
some 10 or ii small spines; cl. equals about three-fourths of ts.2, nearly
straight, inner margin slightly convex at middle ; aux. cL minute. The
femoral and first tibial joints have slender bristles projecting from slight
protuberances on the dorsal side and at their distal ends ; /.2 has a similar
bristle a short distance from the distal end. Otherwise the legs are
smooth except for a few microscopic hairs, as is the whole body.

Integument thin and transparent, the light green intestine with its
prolongations into the legs showing through very distinctly, making the
animal appear of a greenish color. Intestine considerably dilated in
femoral joint. Cuticular cavities not so numerous as in related genera.

Length but slightly over i mm, ; first leg about 3.5 mm. ; extent 7.5 mm.

288 COLE

SPECIMEN EXAMINED.

L-

Lot.

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

28

Dillon's Beach,
Sonoma Co., Calif.

I ? (?)

Nov. 26, 1898

Univ. of Calif.

Remarks. — This single specimen was in a vial with Lecythorhynchus
marginatus and Ammothella tubemdata. No data as to depth were
given, but they were probably all taken in shallow water. It has the
general appearance of a Phoxichilidium-Vkt form, but is distinguished by
its short, stout body and crowded lateral processes.

Genus Anoplodactylus Wilson ('78a).
Phoyichilidium (in part).

Trunk rather slender, with the first segment constricted anteriorly and
extending forward some distance beyond the base of the proboscis, thus
producing a long narrow neck. Lateral processes comparatively long
and well separated. Proboscis projecting obliquely downward from ven-
tral side of first trunk segment. Eye tubercle at extreme forward
end of the segment. Chelifori comparatively feeble. Ovigera slender,
6-jointed; terminal joint very small. Egg-masses several, globular (A.
petiolatus ft erectus\ or one or two, loose and more or less irregular in
shape (A. lentils'). Legs long, slender ; first tarsal joint very short ; ven-
tral margin of second tarsal joint projecting at the base (the heel) and
there armed with strong spines; auxiliary claws minute./

Remarks. — This genus can readily be distinguished from Phoxichilidium^
which it much resembles in general appearance, by the long, projecting
neck, the feebler chelifori, and the 6-jointed ovigera with the ultimate
joint very much smaller than the penultimate.

Hoek ('98) lists the species which he considers as properly belonging
to this genus. Besides the new species described below, I think the
following should be added to his list : *

A. gestiens (Ortmann) = Phoxichilidium gestiens Ortmann, '91. Japan.

A. plumularia (von Lendenfeld) = Phoxichilidium plumularia von
Lendenfeld, '83. Port Philip, Australia.

A. tubiferus (Haswell) — Phoxichilidium tubiferum Haswell, '85.
Port Jackson, New South Wales.

1 In a recent paper Mobius (:O2) has referred two new species to the genus Anoplo-
dactylus, viz., A, aculeahts and A. spinosus. The latter differs from the established
genus in having g-jointed ovigera, but in this connection Mobius says (p. 187) :
" Ich stelle fiir Anoplodactylus spinosus mit g-gliedrigen Brutbeinen keinen neuen Gat-
tungsbegriff auf, sondern scheide aus dem WiLSON'schen Begriff Anoplodactylus das
Merkmal einer bestimmten Gliederzahl der Brutbeine aus."

PYCNOGONIDS 289

ANOPLODACTYLUS ERECTUS sp. nov.
Plate xiv, fig. 12 ; plate xxvi, figs. 1-9.

Type.— $ and ? , University of California, No. 19,514, San Diego, Cal-
ifornia.

Trunk rather slender, cylindrical, tapering posteriorly ; lateral processes
long, well separated, larger distally, where each has a small conical pro-
jection on the dorsal side and pointing somewhat outward. First trunk
segment rather larger than the 2 following segments together ; constricted
in its anterior half and produced forward into a long narrow neck.

Caudal segment moderately long (nearly one and a half times second
trunk segment) ; projecting upward at a sharp angle ; approximately
cylindrical, tapering to a point, often bulging somewhat in the middle,
notched at tip ; may be armed with i to 2 or 3 hairs on each side.

Eye tubercle placed at extreme forward end of first trunk segment
and projecting upward and a little forward; about as long as second
trunk segment, cylindrical. Viewed from the side it rounds evenly to a
blunt point; viewed anteriorly or posteriorly it is seen to have a project-
ing angle on each side at the point of narrowing. Eyes nearer the top
of the tubercle than the base; the anterior pair somewhat larger and a
little lower than the posterior.

Proboscis about as long as first trunk segment, from the posterior part
of which it issues ventrally and projects obliquely downward and forward ;
basal portion of slightly smaller diameter than the distal ; truncate.

Chelifori extending forward from the extreme end of the first trunk
segment, which furnishes but a slight projection beyond the eye tuber-
cle for their attachment; about equal in length to the segment to
which they are attached. Scape slender, nearly cylindrical, only slightly
enlarged at distal end; smooth except for a few small hairs. Chela
pendant, bent at nearly a right angle to the scape and hardly half as long,
sparingly beset with hairs ; fingers slender, curved, sharply pointed, about
as long as palm ; movable finger longer and more strongly curved.

Ovigera long (as long as, or longer than, animal), slender. First joint
short and comparatively thick; / 2 over twice as long and more slender;
these 2 joints extend downward from their attachment to the first trunk
segment. The third joint bends backward, running nearly parallel with
the trunk; it is half again as long as the first two joints taken together
and even more slender than the second ; slightly curved, with the con-
vexity upward ; about one fourth of its length from the proximal end is
a constriction which on superficial examination might be taken for an

2QO COLE

articulation. The fourth joint is somewhat shorter than the second,
slightly curved ; /. 5 still shorter and bent sharply back on the under side
of the fourth ; /.6 very small, oval ; the fifth and sixth together scarcely
equal the fourth. The third, fifth, and sixth joints are sparingly beset
with rather stiff bristles, some of which on/.6 are directed backward.

Eggs on ovigera in several globular masses.

Legs slender, second pair about two and one half times as long as the
animal ; c.i short, little longer than broad ; c.z rather over twice the length
of c.i ; at about the middle of the dorsal side is a slight rounded protuber-
ance ; in the male the ventral side extends at the distal end into a consider-
able projection, on which are several small bristles, and at the end of which
is the genital opening. The female lacks this projection, but the distal
end of the joint is swollen and the genital opening is situated on a slight
prominence of its own a little way back from the tip. Third coxal joint
rather longer than first; like all the joints out to/.2, it becomes gradually
larger distally. Femoral joint nearly as long as whole of coxal region,
commonly larger in the female ; produced dorsally at the distal end into
a rounded projection very similar in shape to that on the dorsal side of
the lateral process and the genital prominence on the second coxal joint ;
from this projection grows a long, slender bristle. In the male there is
another process on the femoral joint, just beyond the middle on the
dorsal side; it is drawn out into a narrow tube which projects distally;
at its end is the opening of the so-called agglutinative gland, the secretion
from which is supposed to be used in gluing the egg-masses together.
Second tibial joint slightly longer than /.i ; neither quite so long as/. ; at
the distal end of t.\ is a projection similar to that on/., but smaller, and
likewise furnished with a rather long bristle ; about one fourth of the dis-
tance from the distal end of A 2, on the dorsal side, is a slight nodular
protuberance from which projects a long, delicate bristle. First tarsal
joint very small, roughly triangular, with a broad base ventrally bearing a
few moderately strong spines, and a narrow knob dorsally; ts.-z compara-
tively slender, about equal in length to c.2, not strongly curved, but
appearing arched on the ventral side in consequence of being much
expanded at the base, where it is armed with 2 stout, distally curved
spines and a few strong bristles. The proximal half of the remainder of
the ventral margin, the sole, is armed with a series of close-set distally
curved spines, varying in number from 7 or 8 to 1 1 ; along the distal part
extends a thin, lamellar, knife -like chitinous plate along the sides of which
are a few very small bristles. Claw long, falciform, reaching back as far
as the heel of ts. 2 ; inner edge thin and knife-like. Auxiliary claws very
small but distinct. The legs are very sparsely hairy ; besides what have

PYCNOGONIDS

291

been mentioned, there are a few fine hairs, especially on /, /.i, /.2, and
is. i, and a more or less regular row of small bristles along the dorsal side
of ts.2.

Integument thin, clear, and with comparatively few cuticular cavities.
Color in alcohol light.

Length about 2.5 mm. ; sexes of nearly the same size.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.

Lot.

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

13

IS

San Diego, Calif.
San Diego, Calif.

6cf. l?

I?

Sept., 1896
July 8, 1895

Univ. of Calif.
(coll. by Prof. Kelsey)
Dr. S. J. Holmes

Remarks. — This species of Anoplodactylus, which I have called erectus
on account of the position of the caudal segment, is in many respects
very similar to A. petiolatus (Kroyer). The important differences are
shown in the following table :

A. petiolatus.

Trunk " somewhat short and stout,
and, relatively to its length,
rather broad."

Lateral processes not much sepa-
rated.

Caudal segment long, cylindrical,
abruptly acuminated, placed
horizontally.

Proboscis of plain cylindrical form,
obtusely truncated.

Immovable finger of chela almost
quite straight.

Ovigera nearly as long as animal.

Legs hardly two times length of
animal.

Second tarsal joint strongly curved ;
4 to 6 spines on proximal part
of sole.

A. erectus.
Trunk rather slender.

Lateral processes well separated.

Caudal segment not especially long,
more or less conical, directed
upward at a sharp angle.

Proboscis not plain cylindrical,
narrower in basal portion.

Fingers of chela both curved.

Ovigera as long as, or longer than,
animal; third joint especially
proportionately longer than in
A. petiolatus.

Legs proportionately longer; two
and one half times length of ani-
mal.

Second tarsal joint not strongly
curved ; 7 to 1 1 spines on proxi-
mal part of sole.

292 COLE

Family PYCNOGONID&.
Chelifori and palpi both absent ; ovigera present in the male only

Genus Pycnogonum Briinnich (1764).

Trunk stout and square-set. Ovigera small, present only in the male,
9- or lo-jointed. Legs comparatively short, stout, tapering. First tarsal
joint small ; claw powerful ; auxiliary claws usually absent.

Remarks. — There seems to be a disagreement among authors as to
whether in this genus the ovigera are g-jointed or lo-jointed. This is
probably due to the fact that some count the terminal claw as a joint,
while others do not ; but as it differs from the others only in being smaller
and more chitinous, I see no reason why it should not be considered a
joint the same as the terminal claw of the legs.

PYCNOGONUM STEARNSI Ives.

Plate xiv, figs. 13-15; plate xxvi, fig. 10.
Pycnogonum stearnsi IVES, '92, p. 142, pi. x, figs 1-4.

Trunk broad, somewhat depressed ; lateral processes with scarcely any
interval between them. Each trunk segment with a prominent tubercle
at its posterior border on the mid-dorsal line (considerably smaller on the
last segment), and a somewhat smaller tubercle on the outer edge of each
lateral process. First trunk segment about two thirds the length of the
proboscis, slightly constricted just ahead of the lateral processes ; second
and third segments each equal to the portion of the first back of the con-
striction; the fourth somewhat shorter. Posterior borders of the
segments slightly elevated.

Caudal segment clavate, or nearly cuneiform, truncated at its ex-
tremity, sometimes slightly swollen in the middle ; somewhat longer than
the fourth trunk segment, about equal to the third. The anus is a
longitudinal slit on the ventral side of the caudal segment near the tip.

Eye tubercle bluntly conical, placed just behind the constriction of the first
segment ; eyes black or dark brown, distinct, or in some cases indistinct and
without pigment ; the posterior pair usually farther apart than the anterior.

Proboscis subcylindrical, slightly swollen at or a little anterior to the
middle ; somewhat longer than the first trunk segment.

Ovigera (pi. xxvi, fig. 10) small and rather slender ; lo-jointed, the last
joint a strong, straight, or nearly straight, claw. The joints do not
diminish gradually in length; the first, second, fourth, seventh, and
eighth are approximately as long as broad, while the others are propor-
tionately longer. The diameter does not decrease greatly until the ninth

PYCNOGONIDS

293

joint, where it begins tapering gradually to the tip of the claw. Practi-
cally smooth except for a few very small bristles on the outer side of the
third joint. When not carrying eggs, the appendages commonly extend
outward and a little backward, then curve forward and in again toward
the middle line. The bending occurs particularly at the fourth and at
the eighth and ninth joints.

Eggs small, carried on the ovigera in one (pi. xiv, fig. 15) or two (fig. 14)
large, wrinkled, cake-like masses, occupying the whole space under the
animal and extending so far that when looked at from below only the
legs from the fourth joint outward are visible, except the posterior pair,
which can usually be seen because the eggs are carried well forward.

Legs stout: c.i broader than the lateral processes of the segments,
with the appearance of a dorsal notch on its outer border due to the
close approximation of two dorsal tubercles; c.2 rather smaller than c.\ ;
£.3 rather smaller than c.2 ; the 3 joints together in the third leg about as
long as the proboscis ; f. strongly developed, about two thirds as long as the
coxal region ; proximal half of the ventral surface considerably swollen (in
male as well as female), a rather weak dorsal tubercle at the distal
extremity; /.i about equal to/., but more slender ; /.2 rather shorter than
A i ; ts. i very short, subtriangular ; ts.2 about as long as t.z; cl. less
than half as long as ts.2, rather strongly curved. On the dorsal surface
of/!, and of /.i and /.2, near their distal ends, there is a single compara-
tively strong spine; ventral side of t.2 beset with smaller spines at its
distal end, while the tarsal joints, especially the first, have their ventral
surfaces thickly beset with these short spines.

The 1 1 females measured range from 4 mm. to 8 mm. ; the males
average somewhat smaller, the largest being but 6.3 mm. in length.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.

Lot.

Locality.

No. of specimens.

Date.

Source.

II

San Pedro Point, San

2d\ 2?

Sept. I, 1895

Univ. of Calif.

Mateo Co., Calif.

17

Pacific Grove, Monte-

I?

July 13, 1896

Univ. of Calif.

rey Co., Calif.

19

Dillon's Beach, Sono-

2?

Aug. 4, 1898

Univ. of Calif.

ma Co., Calif.

21

Shelter Cove, Hum-

I4cf. 69

June 24, 1894

Univ. of Calif.,

boldt Co., Calif.1

No. 19,516

Remarks. — This species was established by Ives from 5 female speci-
mens collected at San Diego, and it has not been recorded since that

1 Collected "on rocks." Ten of the fourteen males in this lot were carrying egg-masses.

294 COLE

time until now. Ives's description and figures are readily recognizable,
and besides being able to include the description of the male I have very
little to add.

Pycnogonum stcarnsi is closely allied to P. littorak (Strom). The prin-
cipal differences can be seen at a glance in the following table :

P. littorale. P. stearnsi.

Average length of female about 15 Average length of female about 6

mm. mm.

Claw more than half the length of Claw less than half the length of

the second tarsal joint. the second tarsal joint.

A smaller conical protuberance on No protuberance on the first trunk

the dorsal side of the first trunk segment between the one on the

segment between the one on the posterior border and the eye

posterior border of the segment tubercle.

and the eye tubercle.

Ovigera : "Along the inner margin Ovigera practically unarmed except

of the joints extend a few very for a few small spines on the

small and irregularly distributed outer side of the third joint.

spines of quite a simple form "

(Sars, '91, p. 10).

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

The following list includes, besides the papers referred to in the fore-
going pages, the principal references to North American Pycnogonida.

BOHM, R.

i879a Uber die Pycnogoniden des Konigl. Zoologischen Museums zu
Berlin, inbesondere iiber die von S. M. S. Gazelle mitge-
brachten Arten. Monatsbericht der Konigl. Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 20, Taf. i, n, Februar 1879, pp.
170-195.

l879b Ueber Pycnogoniden. Sitzungsber. Gesellsch. naturforsch.
Freunde Berlin, pp. 140-142.

BRUNNICH, MARTIN THRANE.

1764 Entomologia (Copenhagen).

COLE, LEON J.

I90ia Notes on the Habits of Pycnogonids. Biol. Bull., vol. n, pp.

195-207.

I90ib On Discoarachne brevipes Hoek, a Pycnogonid from South
Africa. Zool. Jahrb., Abth. f. Syst.. Bd. 15, pp. 243-248,
Taf. 13.

PYCNOGONIDS 295

DALL, W. H.

1876 On the Marine Faunal Regions of the North Pacific ; an Intro-

ductory Note to the Report on Alaskan Hydroids, by Mr.
Clark. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1876, pp. 205-208.

DANA, JAMES D.

1853 U. S. Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839,
1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes,
U. S. N. vol. xiv, Crustacea, Pt. n, Arachnopoda or
Pycnogonida, pp. 1382-1391.

DOHRN, ANTON.

1881 Die Pantopoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden
Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel,
in (Leipzig).

GOODSIR, H. D. S.

1842 On some new species of Pycnogonidae. Edinb. New Phil.
Jour., vol. xxxn, p. 136.

1844 On the Specific and Generic Characters of the Araneiform
Crustacea. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, (i), vol. 14, pp. 1-4,
pi. i.

GOULD, AUGUSTUS A.

1844 Description of a new species of Crustacean. Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. i, pp. 92, 93.

HANSEN, H. J.

1884 Fortegnelse over de hidtil i de Hanske Have fundne Pycnogo-

nider eller Sospindler. Naturhist. Tidsskrift, 3. Raskke, Bd.
xiv, pp. 647-652.

1885 Sospindler (Pantopoda v. Pycnogonidae). Zoologia Danica.

Afbildninger af Danske Dyr med populser Text, pp. 1 1 7-1 3 1 ,
Tab. vn, figs. 8-23 (Copenhagen).

HASWELL, W. A.

1885 On the Pycnogonida of the Australian Coast, with Descriptions
of New Species. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., vol. ix, pp.
1021-1034, pis. LIV-LVII.

HODGE, G.

1864 List of the British Pycnogonidse, with Descriptions of several
New Species. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), vol. xin.

HOEK, P. P. C.

1877 Ueber Pycnogoniden. Niederl. Arch. f. Zool., in, pp. 235-254,

Taf. xv, xvi.

i88ia Report on the Pycnogonida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger
during the years 1873-76. The Zoology of the Voyage of
H. M. S. Challenger, vol. in, Pt. x.

i88ib Nouvelles etudes sur les Pycnogonides. Arch, de Zool. exper.
et gener., T. ix, pp. 437-542, pis. xxm-xxx.

296 COLE

1898 On four Pycnogonids, dredged during the Cruise of the Chal-

lenger (investigated and described after the completion of
the Report). With an appendix. Tijdschr. d. Nederl.
Dierk. Vereen. (2), 6. Deel, pp. 290-301, pis. n, in.

IVES, J. E.

1892 A new species of Pycnogonum from California. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1892, pp. 142-144, pi. x.

JOHNSTON, GEORGE.

1837 Miscellanea zoologica. An attempt to ascertain the British
Pycnogonidae. Mag. of Zool. and Botany, vol. i, p. 368.

KROYER, H.

1845 Bidrag til Kundskab om Pycnogoniderne eller Sospindlerne.
Nathist. Tidsskrift., 2. Raekke, Bd. i, pp. 90-139.

1849 Gaimard's Voyage en Scandinavie, Atlas, pis. 35-39.

LEACH, W. E.

1814 Zoological Miscellany ; being Descriptions of new or interesting
Animals, by William Elford Leach. Illustrated with coloured
figures, drawn from Nature, by R. P. Nodder. 3 vols.
London, 1814-17. [Pycnogonids in vol. i, 1814.]

LENDENFELD, R. VON.

1883 Die Larvenentwicklung von Phoxichilidium plumularige nov. sp.
Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zool., Bd. xxxvm, pp. 323-329.

MEINERT, FR.

1899 Pycnogonida. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, vol. in, Pt. i,

pp. 1-71, Tab. i-v (Copenhagen).

MIERS, EDWARD J.

1879 Crustacea of Kerguelen Island. Philos. Trans. Lond., vol.
CLXVIII, pp. 200-214, pi. x. (Pycnogonids, pp. 211-214.)

MILNE EDWARDS, A.

1840 Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces. Tome in, pp. 530-537, pi.
41, figs. 6 and 7 (Paris).

MOBIUS, KARL.

1901 Arktische und subarktische Pantopoden. Fauna Arctica. Eine

Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonderer
Beriicksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der
Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche
Eismeer im Jahre 1898. Bd. n, Lieferung i, pp. 35-64
(Jena).

1902 Die Pantopoden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899.

Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedi-
tion auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898-1899, 3. Bd., 6. Liefer-
ung, pp. 175-196 (1-22), Taf. xxiv-xxx (i-vn).

MORGAN, T. H.

i89ia A Contribution to the Embryology and Phylogeny of the

PYCNOGONIDS 297

Pycnogonids. Stud. Biol. Lab. Johns Hopkins Univ., vol.
v, NO. i, pp. 1-76, pis. i-vin.

i3pib The Relationships of the Sea-Spiders. Biol. Lect. Marine Biol.
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NUTTING, C. C.

1901 Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, xxi— The Hy-
droids. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. in, pp. 157-216, pis.

XIV-XXVI.

ORTMANN, A. E.

1891 Bericht liber die von Herrn Dr. Doderlein in Japan gesam-
melten Pycnogoniden. Zool. Jahrb., Abth. f. Syst., Bd. v,
pp. 157-168, pi. xxiv.

1901 Crustacea and Pycnogonida Collected during the Princeton
Expedition to North Greenland. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1901, pp. 144-168.

RATHKE, H.

1799 Naturh. Selsk. Skrifter, vol. v.

SARS, G. O.

1888 Pycnogonidea borealia & arctica (Prodromus descriptionis),

Arch. f. Mathem. & Naturvid., Bd. xn, pp. 339-356.

1891 Pycnogonidea. The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition,
1876-1878. Zoology, vol. vi, pp. 1-163, pis. i-xv.

SAY, THOMAS.

1821 An account of the Arachnida of the United States. Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1821, vol. n, pp. 59-82.

SCHIMKEWITSCH, W.

1889 Sur les Pantopodes recueillis par M. le lieutenant G. Chierchia

pendant le voyage de la corvette Vettor Pisani en 1882-
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1893 Compte-Rendu sur les Pantopodes. Reports on the dredging

operations carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission

steamer Albatross during 1891, etc., vm. Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., vol. xxv, pp. 27-43, pis. i, n.

1895 Sur les Pantopodes de 1'ocean glacial et de la mer blanche.
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STIMPSON, WILLIAM.

1854 Synopsis of the Marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan or the
Region about the Mouth of the Bay of Fundy, New Bruns-
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1864 Descriptions of new species of Marine Invertebrata from Puget
Sound, collected by the Naturalists of the North-west Boun-
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, pp. 153-161.

298 COLE

THOMSON, GEO. M.

1884 On the New Zealand Pycnogonida, with Descriptions of new
Species. Trans. N. Zealand Inst., Wellington, vol. xvi,
pp. 242-248, pis. xiv-xvi.

VERRILL, A. E.

1900 Additions to the Crustacea and Pycnogonida of the Bermudas.
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. x, Pt. 2, pp. 573-
582, pi. LXX, figs. 9, 10.

WILSON, E. B.

i878a Descriptions of two new genera of Pycnogonida. Am. Jour.

Sci. (3), vol. 15, pp. 200-203.
i878b A Synopsis of the Pycnogonida of New England. Trans.

Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. v, pp. 1-26, pis. i-vn.

1880 The Pycnogonida of New England and Adjacent Waters.

Kept. U. S. Fish Com. for 1878, pt. vi, pp. 461-506, pis.

I-VII.

1881 Report on the Pycnogonida. Reports on the results of dredg-

ing, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, along the
east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880,
by the U. S. Coast Survey steamer Blake, Commander J. R.
Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding, xm. Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., vol. vin, pp. 239-256, pis. i-v.

PLATE XL

FIG. I. Lecythorhynchns marginatus sp. nov., male (Lot 10), from above; showing
egg-masses below.

2. Lecythorhynchus marginatus sp. nov., male (Lot 10), from below; showing

egg-masses attached to the ovigera.

3. Ammothea latifrons sp. nov., female (Lot l), from above.

(300)

H. A E. VOL. X

PLATE XI

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO.. BOSTON.

PLATE XII.

FIG. 4. Ammothea alaskensis sp. nov., male (Lot 25), from above.

5. Ammothea gracilipes sp. nov., male (Lot 9), from above ; showing egg-masses

below.

6. Ammothea fribilofensis sp. nov., male (Lot 23), from above.

7. Ammothella tuberculata sp. nov., female (Lot 22), from above.

8. Ammothella spinifera sp. nov., female ( Lot 14), from above.

(302)

H. A E. VOL. X

PLATE XII

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO.. BOSTON.

PLATE XIII.

FIG. 9. Clotenia occidentalis sp. nov., male (Lot 16), from above. (The peculiar
ragged appearance of this specimen is due partly to adhering particles
of dirt.)
10. Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke), male (Lot 5), from above.

(3°4)

H. A E. VOL. X

PLATE xni

PYCNOGONIDA

MELIOTYPE CO.. BOSTON.

PLATE XIV.

FIG. ii. Halosoma mridintestinalis gen. nov., sp. nov., female (?) (Lot 28), from
above.

12. Anoplodactyhis erectus sp. nov., male (Lot 13), from above.

13. Pycnogomtm stearnsi Ives, female (Lot 17), from above.

14. Pycnogonum stearnsi Ives, male (Lot 21), from below; carrying two egg-

masses.

15. Pycnogonum stearnsi Ives, male (Lot 21), from below; carrying a single

egg-mass.

(306)

H. A E. VOL. X

PLATl

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO.. BOSTON.

PLATE XV.

Lecythorhynchus marginatus sp. nov.

FIG. I. Female from left side (Lot 18). X 20.

2. Caudal segment seen from left side ; male (Lot 20). X 53-

3. Third right leg of male (Lot 20). X 20.

4. Foot of same. X 43-

5. Eye tubercle, chelifori and right palp of male (Lot 20) ; seen from the side.

X33-

6. Proboscis and right palp seen from above. X 25.

7. Left oviger of male (Lot 20). X 33-

8. Right oviger of female (Lot 20). X 33-

(308)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE XV

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE XVI.

Ammothea latifrons sp. nov.

FIG. I. Male from right side (Lot i). X 20.

2. Lateral process and first coxal joint of third left leg of male (Lot l); seen

from dorsal side. X 20.

3. Second right leg of male (Lot ib). X 20.

4. Second coxal joint of third right leg of male (Lot ib). X 20.

5. Palp of female (Lot la). X 33-

6. Oviger of female (Lot la). X 33.

7. Oviger of male (Lot ic). X 33-

8. Cheliforus of female (Lot la). X 33-

9. Denticulate spine from oviger of male (Lot 4b). X 247.

(310)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE XVI

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE XVII.
Ammothea latifrons sp. nov.

FIG. I. Cheliforus of immature specimen (Lot. i-i). X 33-

2. Oviger of immature specimen (Lot I-ia). X 33-

3. Terminal part of same. X 107.

Ammothea alaskensis sp. nov.

4. Female from left side (Lot 25). X 27.

5. Cheliforus of adult (Lot 7b). X 73-

6. Caudal segment, dorsal view (Lot 7b). X 43-

7. Left oviger of female (Lot 7a). X 73-

8. Right palp of female (Lot 7b). X 73-

9. Third left leg of female (Lot 2$a). X 27.

10. Foot of second left leg, female (Lot 7a). X 53-

11. Second coxal joint of third left leg of male (Lot 25). X 27.

12. Right oviger of male (Lot 25!)). X 37-

(312)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE X .Ml

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE XVIII.

Ammothca gracilipes sp. nov.

FIG. I. Female from left side (Lot 9). X 27.

2. Right cheliforus and palp of female (Lot ga). X 43.

3. Right oviger of female (Lot ga). X 43.

4. Left oviger of male (Lot gb). X 43.

5. Second right leg of male (Lot 90). X 33-

6. Lateral process and coxal joints of third right leg of male (Lot gb). X 33«

Ammothea pribilofensis sp. nov.

7. Male from right side (Lot 2). X II.

8. Left cheliforus of male (Lot 2a). X 20.

(314)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE XVIII

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE XIX.

Ammothea pribilofensis sp. nov.

FIG. I. Left palp (Lot 2a). x 20.

2. Lateral process and first coxal joint of first left leg of male (Lot 2) ; dorsal

view.

3. Left cheliforus of immature specimen (Lot 2-1); dorsal view. X 20.

4. First right leg of male (Lot 2a). X IO.

5. Heel of same, x 20.

6. Second coxal joint of third right leg of male^(Lot 2a). X IO.

7. Left oviger of male (Lot 2a). X 20.

8. Oviger of female (Lot 2b). x 20.

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE XIX

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE XX.

Ammothella tuberculata sp. nov.

FIG. I. Female from left side (Lot 27). X 20.

2. Female specimen from dorsal side (Lot 22). X 2O.

3. Right cheliforus of female (Lot 27). X 37.

4. Right palp and right oviger of female (Lot 27). X 37«

5. Second left leg of female (Lot 27). X 33.

6. Right cheliforus of female (Lot 22a). X 43-

Ammothella spinifera sp. nov.

7. Female from right side ; chelifori, palpi, and proboscis not shown ; portion of

side cut away, exposing alimentary canal and nerve ganglia (Lot 14).

X43-

8. Eye tubercle of immature specimen seen in posterior view (Lot 14). X 70.

9. Proboscis (Lot 14). X 33«

(318)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE XX

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE XXI.

Ammothella spinifera sp. nov.

FIG. I. Female from above (Lot 14). X 27.

2. Left oviger of female (Lot I4a). X 7°.

3. Left cheliforus of female (Lot 143). X 7°-

4. Left cheliforus of immature specimen from above (Lot 14). X 7°-

5. First left leg of female (Lot I4a). X 43-

6. Left palp (Lot 14). X 70.

Tanystylum intermedium sp. nov.

7. Male from right side (Lot 29). X 40.

8. Right cheliforus of male (Lot 2gb) ; from above. X 107.

9. Right cheliforus of immature specimen (Lot 29). X 107.

(320)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE XXI

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE XXII.

Tanystyhtm intermedium sp. nov.

FlG. I. Male from above (Lot 29). X 44-

2. Female from above (Lot 29). X 44.

3. Immature specimen from above (Lot 29). X 44«

4. Left palp of female (Lot 2ga). X 7°-

5. Second right leg of male (Lot 2gb). X 43.

6. Foot (Lot agb). X 80.

7. Femoral joint of second left leg of female (Lot 2ga). X 43-

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE XXII

PYCNOGONIDA

HEUOTYPe CO., BOSTON.

PLATE XXIII.
Tanystylum intermedium sp. nov.

FIG. i. Left oviger of male (Lot 293). X 70.

2. Left oviger of female (Lot 2ga). X 70.

3. Spine from joint 9 of above (Fig. 2) highly magnified.

Clotenia occidentalis sp. nov.

4. Male from right side (Lot 16). X 34-

5. Cheliforus and palp of same. X 7°-

6. Third right leg of same. X 33-

7. Left oviger of same. X 7°-

8. Same specimen from above. X 33«

(324)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE XX III

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE XXIV.

PJwxichilidium femoratum (Rathke).

FlG. I. Female from side (Lot 3). X 10.

2. Second left leg of female (Lot 3). X 13-

3. Eye tubercle, anterior view (Lot 3). X 43-

4. Caudal segment, posterior view (Lot 3). X 43-

5. Right oviger of male (Lot 8). X 20.

Halosoma mridintestinalis gen. nov., sp. nov.

6. From left side (Lot 28). X 43-

7. Left chela of same. X 107.

S. Same as Fig. 7, cleared and mounted. X 107.

(326)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE XXIV

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO.. BOSTON.

PLATE XXV.
Halosoma viridintestinalis gen. nov., sp. nov.

FIG. i. Specimen from above (Lot 28). X 20.

2. Second left leg of same. X 43-

3. Foot of same. X 67.

4. Portion of the sole highly magnified.

(328)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE X> /

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE XXVI.
Anoplodactylus erectus sp. nov.

FIG. I. Male from side (Lot 13). X 20.

2. Eye tubercle of female (Lot 13) ; posterior view. X 43.

3. Third right leg of male (Lot I3b). X 20.

4. Terminal part of left oviger of same specimen. X 53-

5. Foot of Fig. 3. X 53-

6. Second coxal joint of fourth right leg of male (Lot 130). X 43-

7. Second coxal joint of second right leg of female (Lot I3c). X 43-

8. Caudal segment of female (Lot 13) ; anterior view, x 43-

9. Left chela (Lot I3c). X 67.

Pycnogonum stearnsi Ives.
IO. Left oviger of male (Lot 21-1). X 27.

(33°)

H. A. E. VOL. X

PLATE xxvi

10

PYCNOGONIDA

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

INDEX

(New genera and species, and the pages on which they are described, are in
black-face type; synonyms in parenthesis.)

Acanthephyra curtirostris 8, 27
Acantholithodes hispidus 13, 163
Achelia 254, (262)
JEgs. alaskensis (214)

belliceps (214)

harfordi (213)
Alcinous 263

Allorchestes ochotensis 233-234, fig. 118
Alphseus spinus (63)
Alpheopsis trispinosus 108
Alpheus aculeatus (61)

barbara 10, 108

bellimanus 10, 108

californiensis 10, 108

clamator (108)

dentipes 10, 108

equidactylus IO, 108

macrocheles 108

polaris (73)
Ammothea 254, 262-263, (273)

alaskensis 251, 252, 258, 265, 266-
268; PL. XH, fig. 4; PL. xvn, figs.
4-12

appendiculata 273

bi-unguiculata 273

borealis 263

gracilipes 251,258,269-270; PL. xn,
fig. 5 ; PL. xvin, figs. 1-6

latifrons 251, 252, 258, 263-266 ; PL.
xi, fig. 3; PL. xvi, figs. 1-9; PL.
xvn, figs. 1-3

longicaudata 250, 251, 263

pribilofensis 251,258,270-273; PL.
xii, fig. 6 ; PL. xvni, figs. 7, 8 ; PL.
xix, figs. 1-8

rugulosa 273

uni-unguiculata 273
Ammothella 273

Ammothella spinifera 251, 258, 275-277 ;
PL. xii, fig. 8; PL. xx, figs. 7-9;

PL. XXI, figs. 1-6

tuberculata 251, 258, 273-275; PL.

xn, fig. 7; PL. xx, figs. 1-6
Amphipods 231-246, figs. 118-128
Amphithoe humeralis 241
Amphithopsis glaber (238)
Anasimus rostratus 15, 171; PL. X, fig. 4
Anchista tenuipes (34)
Anoplodactylus 288

aculeatus 288

erectus 251, 259, 289-291 ; PL. xiv,
fig. 12; PL. xxvi, figs. 1-9

gestiens 288

petiolatus 291

plumularioe 288

spinosus 288

tubiferus 288
Argislar (137)
Asellus entomon (216)

tomalensis 213, 224-226, figs. 110-112
Astacus groenlandicus (61)
Axius spinulicauda 12, 149-150, fig. 90

Benthesicymus tanneri 12, 147
Betseus harfordi n, 108

harrimani 11, 108-110, fig. 49

longidactylus II, 108
Bibliography, Isopods 228-230

Pycnogonids 294-298
Blepharipoda occidentalis 14, 167
Brachynotus nudus (189)

oregonensis (189)

Calastaceus investigatoris 12, 150, 151

key to species 150
Callianassa affinis 12, 154

(330

332

INDEX

Callianassa californiensis 12, 153, 154

gigas 12, 154

goniophthalma 12, 154-156, PL. VIII

key to species 153-154

longimana 12, 154
Callinectes bellicosus 16, 180
Cancer aculeatus (61)

amphioetus 6, 16, 175; PL. VI, fig. 3

antennarius 16, 176, 177

anthonyi 16, 176, 177; PL. VI, fig. 2

boreas (133)

cheiragonus (179)

gibbosulus 1 6, 176, 177, 178

gracilis 16, 177

jordani 16, 176-177; PL. vi, fig. 4

magister 16, 177

oregonensis 16, 178; PL. VII, fig. I

productus 16, 175

spinus (63)
Caprella alaskensis 241-243, fig. 125

ciliata 241

irregularis 241

kennerlyi 241

kincaidi 245-246, fig. 127

scabra 243-245, fig. 126
Carinogammarus subcarinatus 239
Celastaceus quinqueseriatus 12, 150, 151-

»53» fig- 9*
Cheiragonus isenbeckii (179)

Chionoecetes opilio 15, 174

tanner i 15, 174
Chiridotea entomon 216
Chorilia longipes 15, 174
Cirolana californica (213)

harfordi 213
Clotenia 277, 280

conirostris 253

occidentalis 251, 253, 259, 281-282 ;

PL. xin, fig. 9 ; PL. xxiii, figs. 4-8

Clythrocerus planus 15, 168-170; PL. ix,

figs- 4, 5
Cole, Leon J., Pycnogonids 247-298, PLS.

XI-XXVI

Corniger (259)

Corystes gibbosula (176)

Crangon abyssorum II, 112, 125-127, fig.

66

acclivis II, 112, 129, fig. 68
alaskensis II, H2, 114-115, figs. 52,

53
alba ii, 112, 117-118, figs. 56, 57

Crangon angustimana II, in, 121-122,

figs. 62, 63
boreas (133)

communis II, 112, 123-124, fig. 64
crangon (116), 117
dalli ii, in, 119-120, fig. 60
elongata ii, 112, 115-116, fig. 54
franciscorum n, in, 120-121, fig. 6l
holmesi ii, 112, 118, fig. 58
intermedia n, 112, 122-123
key to species 111-112
lar (137)

munita II, 112, 127-128, fig. 67
munitella ii, 112, 132
nigricauda n, 112-114, fig. 50
nigromaculata ii, 33, in, 114, fig. 51
resina ii, 112, 124-125, fig. 65
septemspinosa n, III, 116-117, fig- 55
sharpi (135)

spinirostris n, 112, 131-132, fig. 71
spinosissima n, 112, 130-131, fig. 70
stylirostris n, 112, 118-119, fig- 59
tenuifrons (122)

variabilis II, 112, 129-130, fig. 69
vulgaris (116), 117

Cryptolithodes brevifrons 14, 164
sitchensis 14, 164
typicus 14, 164

Cryptophrys concharum 17, 188; PL. vn,
fig- 6; fig. 94

Cyclodorippe plana (168)

Cycloxanthops novemdentatus 16, 180;

PL. VII, fig. 10
rugosus 1 6, 1 80

Cymothoa entomon (2 1 6)

Daira americana 180

Dasygyius tuberculatus 15, 172; PL. X,

figs- 3. 3a5 fig- 92
Decapods 1-190; PLS. i-x, figs. 1-95

discussion of species 19-190

features 4-6

geographic distribution 6-17
Dermaturus mandtii 13, 163
Discoarachne brevipes 277
Dynamene tuberculosa 214

Elasmonotus asper (167)
Emerita analoga 14, 168

emerita 168
Endeis 263

INDEX

333

Entoriirm pyramidale (216)
Epialtus bermudensis (173)

bituberculatus 15, 173

nuttallii, 15, 173

productus 15, 173
Erichthonius difformis 241
Erileptus spinosus 15, 171; PL. X, fig. I
Erimacrus isenbeckii 16, 179
Eupagurus beringanus (159)

cornutus (158)

gilli (161)

setosus (159)

townsendi (158)

undosus (159)

Fabia 185

subquadrata (186), (187)

Galathea californiensis 14, 166
Gammaropsis tenuicornis 239-240, fig.

124
Gammarus confervicolus 239

locusta 238

pugettensis 239

pulex 238
Gelasimus gracilis (190)

macrodactylus (190)
Gennadas borealis 12, 147-148, figs. 88,
89

Sp.— 12

Glyptonotus entomon (216)
Grapsodius eximius 17, 189

Halosoma 286

viridintestinalis 251, 259, 286-288;

PL. XIV, fig. II ; PL. XXIV, figs. 6-

8 ; PL. xxv, figs. 1-4
Hapalogaster brandtii (163)

cavicauda 13, 162

dentata 13, 162

grebnitzkii 13, 163

inermis (163)

mertensii 13, 162-163
Harriman, E. H., species named for 108
Hemigrapsus nudus 17, 189

oregonensis 17, 189
Heptacarpus 56

brevirostris (99)

carinatus (84)

cristatus (102)

gracilis (77)

Heptacarpus palpator (98)

paludicola (101)

pictus (101)

taylori (101)

tenuissimus (77)
Herbstia camptacantha (175)

parvifrons (175)
Hetairus debilis (73)

gaimardii (73)

tenuis (73)

Heteractaea lunata 16, 185
Heterocrypta occidentals 15, 170
Hippa analoga (168)
Hippolysmata californica 9, 56
Hippolyte aculeata (61)

affinis (77)

amabilis (79)

amazo (73)

armata (61)

belcheri (86)

borealis (73)

brevirostris (99)

californiensis 9, 56

camtschatica (94)

cornuta (61)

cristata (102)

cultellata (73)

esquimaltiana (84)

fabricii (85)

gaimardii (86)

gibba (86)

gracilis (77)

groenlandica (61)

lamellicornis (62)

layi (86), (96)

liljeborgii (68)

macilenta (105)

ochotensis (71)

palpator (98)

phippsii (70)

picta (101)

polaris (73)

prionota (61)

pusiola (99)

St. pauli (73)

securifrons (68)

sitchensis (102)

sowerbasi (63)

spinus (63), (66)

stylus (84)

suckleyi (89)

334

INDEX

Hippolyte taylori (101)

turgida (70)

vibrans (70)
Holmes, S. J., Amphipods 231-246, figs.

118-128

Holopagurus pilosus 13, 162
Hyas coarctatus 15, 174

lyratus 15, 174

Hymenodora frontalis 7, 8, 27, 28-29, fig-
8

glacialis 7, 8, 27

key to species 27

Idotaeya longicauda (216)
Idotea entomon (216)

gracillima 213, 2 1 6-2 1 8, figs. 97, 98

hirtipes (218)

ochotensis 219

oregonensis (218)

resecata 216

stenops 219

wosnesenskii 218
Inachoides magdalenensis 15, I71
Isopods 211-230, figs. 96-117

bibliography 228-230

Janira occidentalis 224

Janiropsis californica 223-224, figs.

1 08, 109
kincaidi 221-222, figs. 102-107

Lecythorhynchus 259

marginatus 251,258,260-262; PL. xi,

figs. 1-2; PL. xv, figs. 1-8
Leiolambrus punctatissimus 170
Lepeopus forcipatus (163)
Lepidopa myops 14, 167
Leptolithodes multispina 14, 165
Ligia dilatala (226)

occidentalis 226

pallasii 226

septentrionalis (226)

stimpsoni (226)
Lithodes eequispina 14, 166

brevipes 14, 165

californiensis 14, 165

camptschensis (165)

camtschaticus 14, (165), 165-166

couesi 14, 1 66

rathbuni 14, 165

spinosissimus (165)

Livoneca vulgar is 214
Lomis dentata (162)
Lopholithodes foraiuinatus 14, 164

mandtii 14, 164
Lophopanopeus bellus 16, 180-181

diegensis 16, 184; PL. ix, fig. 3

frontalis 16, 181; PL. vn, fig. 8

heathii 16, 182; PL. vn, fig. 9

leucomanus 16, 182-183

lockingtoni 16, 183-184 ; PL. VII, fig. 7
Lophoxanthus bellus (180), (182), (183)

leucomanus (182), (183)
Loxorhynchus crispatus 15, 175

grandis 15, 175

Maera dubia 239
Maja camtschatica (165)
Mimulus foliatus 15, 173
Munida quadrispina 14, 166
Munidopsis aspera 14, 167

beringana 14, 167

hystrix 14, 166

quadrata 14, 167

verrilli 14, 167
Munna sp. — 226

Nectocrangon alaskensis II, 136, 141-142,

figs. 82, 83
californiensis II, 136, 140-141, figs.

80, 81

crassa II, 136, 142-143, figs. 84, 85
dentata n, 136, 138-139, figs. 76, 77
key to species 136
lar II, 136, 137-138, (138), 139, (139),

figs- 74- 75

levior 12, 136, 143, fig. 86
ovifer II, 136, 139-140, figs. 78-79

Nika edulis 4

Nymphon femoratum (283)

Ocypode gaudichaudii 17, 190
Odius carinatus 238, fig. 123
CEdignathus brandtii (163)

inermis 13, 163
Oniscus entomon (216)
Opisthopus transversus 17, 188; PL. IX,

fig. 2 ; fig. 95
Oregonia bifurca 15, 171 ; PL. VI, fig. 5

gracilis 15, 171
Orithyia (282)

coccinea (283)

INDEX

335

Pachycheles pubescens 15, 168

rudis 15, 168; PL. VI, fig. 6
Pachygrapsus crassipes 17, 189

transversus 17, 189
Paguristes bakeri 13, 161

parvus 13, 161

turgidus 13, 161
Pagurus alaskensis 12, 157

aleuticus 12, 157

beringanus 13, 159; PL. v, fig. 5

brandti 12, 157; PL. iv, fig. 4

californiensis 13, 161

capillatus 12, 157; PL. IV, fig. 3

confragosus 13, 158; PL. IV, fig. 8

cornutus 13, 158; PL. v, fig. 3

dalli 12, 158 ; PL. IV, fig. I

gilli 13, 161 ; PL. v, fig. 10

granosimanus 13, 160 ; PL. V, fig. 8

hemphillii 13, 160; PL. v, fig. 9

hirsutiusculus 13, 159-160

kennerlyi 13, 159; PL. V, fig. 4

middendorffii 13, 160

minimus 13, 160

munitus 13, 161 ; PL. V, fig. 2

newcombei (159)

ochotensis 12, 157

rathbuni 13, 158; PL. IV, fig. 2

samuelis 13, 160; PL. v, fig. 7

setosus 13, 159 ; PL. v, fig. I

splendescens 13, 161

tanneri 13, 158; PL. iv, fig. 7

tenuimanus 13, 160-161

townsendi 13, 158; PL. IV, fig. 5

trigonocheirus 12, 157

undosus 13, 159; PL. iv, fig. 6
Palsemon ritteri 8, 29-30
Palsemonetes kadiakensis 8, 30-31, fig. 9
Pandalopsis aleutica 9, 51, 52-53; PL. I,
fig. I ; fig. 16

ampla 9, 51-52

dispar 9, 51, 54-56; PL. I, fig. 2

key to species 51

longirostris 9, 51, 53-54, fig. 17
Pandalus annulicornis (41)

borealis 5,8,35-37

danse 8, 35, 47-49, fig. 13

dapifer (38), 39

franciscorum (47)

goniurus 8, 35, 38-39 ; PL. I, fig. 3

gurneyi 8, 35, 50-51 ; PL. n, fig. 6;
fig- IS

Pandalus hypsinotus 8, 35, 46-47 ; PL. n,

fig- 5

jordani 8, 35, 40-41 ; PL. n, fig. 3

key to species 35

leptocerus 8, 35, 43-44

montagui 5, (41), 43

platyceros 8, 35, 44-45

pubescentulus (44)

stenolepis 8, 35, 49-50 ; PL. II, fig. 4 ;
fig. 14

tridens 8, 35, 41-43 ; pL. n, fig. 2
Panulirus interruptus 12, 148
Paracrangon echinata 12, (135), 143-145
Parapagurus mertensii 13, 162; PL. v, fig. 6

sp. — 13, 162

Parapasiphse serrata 8, 25-26, fig. 7
Parapinnixa affinis 17, 188
Parathemisto oblivia 233
Paribaea 263
Pasiphsea acutifrons 22

affinis 8, 19, 24-25, fig. 6

corteziana 8, 19, 24, fig. 5

emarginata 8, 19, 22-23, fig- 4

faxoni 22

glacialis (27)

key to species 19

magna 8, 19-20, fig. i

pacifica 8, 19, 20-22, figs. 2, 3

princeps 8, 19, 23-24
Pasithoe 263
Pelia pacifica 15, 174

tumida 15, 174
Penseus brevirostris 12, 146-147

californiensis (146)
Pephredo 263
Perichimenes borradailei 34

tenuipes 8, 34-35, fig. 12
Petrolisthes cinctipes 15, 168

eriomerus 15, 168
Phanodemus 263
Philyra pisum 6, 15, 170
Phoxichilidium 282-283, (2%s)

coccineum (283)

femoratum 25 1, 252, 259, 283-286 ; PL.
XIII, fig. 10; PL. xxiv, figs. 1-5

gestiens (288)

globosum (283)

maxillare 283, (284), 286

minor 283, (284)

plumularire (288)

robustum 283

336

INDEX

Phoxichilidium tubiferum (288)
Phyllolithodes bicornis 13, 164

papillosus 13, 164
Pilumnus lunatus (185)

spinohirsutus 1 6, 185 ; PL. VII, fig. 2
Pinnixa californiensis 17, 187; PL. vii,
fig. 3

faba 17,188

littoralis 17, 187, 188

longipes 17, 188

occidentalis 17, 187; PL. vii, fig. 4;
PL. IX, figs. 6, 6a

tubicola 17, 187
Pinnotheres nudus 16, 185

pugettensis 17, 185
Placetron wosnessenskii 13,163-164; PL.

VI, fig. I

Planes minutus 17, 189-190
Platycarcinus recurvidens (178)
Platychelus 263
Platycorystes isenbeckii (179)
Platymera gaudichaudii 15, 170
Pleuroncodes planipes 14, 166
Podochela hemphillii 15, 171 ; PL. X, fig. 2
Pontonia californiensis 8,33-34, fig. II

margarita 34

Portunus xantusii 15, 179
Pristopus verrilli 14, 165
Processa canaliculata 4, II, iio-m
Pugettia dalli 15, 173 ; PL. II, figs. I, la

gracilis 15, 173

richii 15, 173
Pycnogonids 247-298, PLS. Xl-xxvi

bibliography 294-298

classification and terminology 253-25 7

discussion of species 259-294

geographical distribution 250-253

key to species 258-259

terminology 256-257
Pycnogonum 292

littorale 294

stearnsi 250, 251, 259, 292-294; PL.
xiv, figs. 13-15 ; PL. xxvi, fig. 10

Randallia bulligera 15, 170

ornata 15, 170
Raphonotus 185

lowei 17, 186-187, fig. 93

subquadratus 17, 186
Rathbun, Mary J., Decapods 1-190; PLS.
I-X; figs. 1-95

Rhinolithodes wosnessenskii 14, 164-165

Rhodia parvifrons 15, 175

Richardson, Harriet, Isopods 211-230,

figs. 96-117

Rocinela alaskensis (214)
belliceps 214

Saduria entomon (216)

Sclerocrangon alata n, 133, 134-135; PL.

Ill, fig. 2 ; figs. 72, 73
boreas II, 133-134
key to species 132-133
sharpi n, 132, 135-136; PL. HI, figs.

i, la
Scleroplax granulata 17, 188; PL. vii,

ng- 5
Scyra acutifrons 15, 175

Sergestes atlanticus 12, 145-146

frisii (145)

key to species 145

pacificus (145)

sp.— 12, 145, 146
Speocarcinus californiensis 17, 190; PL.

IX, fig. I

Sphaeroma oregonensis 214
pentodon 214-215, fig. 96

Spirontocaris affinis 9, 58, 60, 77
amabilis 9, 58, 61, 79
arcuata 9, 57, 60, 64-65 ; PL. in, fig.

45 fig- 20

avina 10, 59, 60, 103-105, fig. 47
barbata 9, 58, 60, 82-83, fig- 35
belcheri 9, 59, 60, 86-87 ; PL. in, figs.

3. 3a

bispinosa 9, 57, 60, 68-69, fig- 23
biunguis 10, 58, 60, 97-98, fig. 44
brachydactyla 10, 59, 60, 93-94, fig.

41

brevirostris lo, 60, 99

camtschatica 10, 59, 60, (78), 94-95,

fig. 42

carinata 9, 58, 60, 84
cristata 10, 60, 102-103, fig' 45
dalli 9, 57,60, 72-73, fig. 27
decora 9, 58, 60, 79-80, fig. 33
fabricii 9, 58, 60, 85
flexa 9, 58, 60 78-79, fig. 32
gaimardii 87, (87), (89), (91)
gibba (86)

gracilis 9, 58, 61, 77-78, fig. 31
grcenlandica 9, 56, 60, 61-62

INDEX

337

Spirontocaris herdmani 10, 60, 100-101
key to species 56-61
kincaidi 10, 59, 60, 95-96, fig. 43
lamellicornis 9, 57, 60,62-63, fig. 1 8
layi 10, 59, 61, 96-97
liljeborgii 9, 57, 60, 68
macilenta IO, 59, 60, 105
macrophthalma 10, 59, 60, 105-107,

fig. 48

maxillipes to, 59, 60, 92-93, fig. 40
moseri 10, 59, 60, 91-92, fig. 39
murdochi 9, 57, 60, 66-67; PL- nl»

fig. 6; fig. 21

ochotensis 9, 57, 60, 71-72, fig. 26
palpator 10, 60, 98-99
paludicola 10, 58, 60, 101
phippsii 9, 57, 60, 70-71
picta 10, 59, 60, 101
polaris 9, 58, 60, 73-74
prionota 9, 56, 60, 61
pusiola 10, 60, 99-100
sica 9, 57, 60, 69-70, fig. 25
sitchensis 10, 59, 60, 102
snyderi 9, 57, 60, 69, fig. 24
spina 9, 57, 60, 63-64 ; PL. HI, fig. 5 ;

fig. 19

stoneyi 10, 60, 103, fig. 46
stylus 9, 58, 60, 84-85, fig. 36
suckleyi 10, 59, 60, 89-91, fig. 38
taylori 10, 59, 60, 101
townsendi 10, 59, 60, 87-89, fig. 37
tridens 9, 58, 60, 81-82, fig. 34
truncata 9, 57, 60, 67-68, fig. 22
unalaskensis 9, 58, 60, 74-75, fig. 28
vicina 9, 58, 60, 75-76, fig. 29
washingtoniana 9, 58, 60, 76-77, fig. 30

Squilla entomon (216)

Stenosoma gracillimum (216)

Stenothoe alaskensis 236-238, figs. 121,

122

Sympleustes glaber 238
Synidotea consolidata 220, figs. 99, 101
ritteri 219-220, figs. 99-101

Tanystylum 277

intermedium 251, 259, 277, 278-280 ;
PL. xxi, figs. 7-9; PL. xxn, figs, i-
7; PL. xxin, figs. 1-3
Telmessus cheiragonus 16, 179
Terminology, Pycnogonids 256-257
Trichocarcinus dentatus (175)

gibbosulus (176)

oregonensis (178)

recurvidens (178)

walked (l/S)

Trichocera oregonensis (178)
Trichoniscus papillicornis 227-228, figs.

113-117
Tryphosa nugax 234-236, figs. 119, 120

Uca crenulata 17, 190

stenodactyla (190)
Upogebia pugettensis 12, 153
Urocaris infraspinis 8,31-33, fig. IO

longicaudata 33

Xanthias latimanus 16, 185

taylori 1 6, 185
Xanthobella (180)
Xanthodes hemphillii 1 80

leucomanus (182), (183)